Skip to main content

Full text of "The Baptist encyclopaedia : a dictionary ... of the general history of the Baptist denomination in all lands; with numerous biographical sketches of distinguished American and foreign Baptists, and a supplement"

See other formats 


PREFACE. 


THE  preparation  of  such  a  work  as  this  imposes  a  vast  responsibility  and  an 
immense  amount  of  labor.  Years  of  study  devoted  to  the  subjects  embraced  in  it, 
and  the  assistance  of  brethren  of  distinguished  ability,  encouraged  the  Editor  to 
undertake  its  compilation. 

The  Baptists  are  the  parents  of  absolute  religious  liberty  wherever  it  exists  in 
Christian  nations.  They  founded  the  first  great  Protestant  Missionary  Society  of 
modem  times.  Through  the  counsels  of  a  Baptist  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible 
Society  was  established,  and  in  it  every  Bible  Society  in  the  world.  Baptists  have  been 
the  warmest  friends  of  civil  liberty  in  all  great  struggles  for  freedom.  Their  fifty  col 
leges  and  theological  seminaries,  and  their  numerous  and  splendid  academies,  show  their 
dee})  interest  in  education.  The  religious  press  is  sending  forth  through  their  ninety-five 
periodicals  an  unsurpassed  amount  of  sanctified  literature.  Governors,  judges,  generals, 
educators,  philanthropists,  authors,  ministers,  and  benefactors  of  great  distinction  and  in 
large  numbers  have  been  identified  with  our  denomination.  Baptist  missionaries  in  the 
Fast  have  gathered  glorious  harvests  for  Jesus;  and  in  our  own  land  they  have  toiled 
everywhere  with  heaven-given  enthusiasm.  In  this  country  there  are  20,000  Baptist 
churches,  and  2,290,327  members  ;  and  in  all  lands  there  are  30,091)  churches  of  our 
faith,  with  2,709,389  members.  There  are  not  less  than  eight  millions  of  persons  be 
longing  to  the  Baptist  denomination.  And  besides  these,  our  principles  are  extensively 
held  by  members  of  other  communities. 

Dr.  Chalmers,  at  the  close  of  a  very  able  sermon  on  infant  baptism,  pays  this  trib 
ute  to  our  British  brethren:  "Let  it  never  be  forgotten  of  the  Particular  Baptists  of 
England  that  they  form  the  denomination  of  Fuller,  and  Carey,  and  Ityland,  and  Hall, 
and  Foster;  that  they  have  originated  among  the  greatest  of  all  missionary  enterprises; 
that  they  have  enriched  the  Christian  literature  of  our  country  with  authorship  of  the 
most  exalted  piety,  as  well  as  of  the  first  talent  and  the  first  eloquence;  that  they  have 
waged  a  very  noble  and  successful  war  with  the  hydra  of  Antinomianism  ;  that  perhaps 
there  is  not  a  more  intellectual  community  of  ministers  in  our  island,  or  who  have  put 
forth  to  their  number  a  greater  amount  of  mental  power  and  mental  activity  in  the  de 
fense  and  illustration  of  our  common  faith;  and,  what  is  better  than  all  the  triumphs 
of  genius  and  understanding,  who,  by  their  /eai  and  fidelity,  and  pastoral  labor  among 
the  congregations  which  they  have  reared,  have  done  more  to  swell  the  lists  of  genuine 
discipleship  in  the  walks  of  private  society,— and  thus  both  to  uphold  and  to  extend  the 

3 


living  Christianity  of  our  nation."  (Lectures  on  Romans,  Lecture  XIV.,  p.  7(5.  New 
York,  18(>:J.)  This  is  a  just  tribute  to  our  British  brethren,  coining  gracefully  from  the 
greatest  of  Scotch  preachers,  and  with  equal  appropriateness  every  word  of  it  might  be 
applied  to  the  Baptists  of  America. 

The  Baptists  began  their  denominational  life  under  the  ministry  of  the  Saviour. 
They  llourished  at  various  periods  iit  the  gloomy  ages  between  the  first,  great  apostasy 
and  the  Reformation  of  the  sixteenth  century.  And  in  the  coming  conquests  of  truth 
thev  are  destined  to  spread  over  the  world,  and  unfurl  their  banner  of  truth  over  every 
home  and  heart  of  Adam's  family,  upon  which  the  finger  of  inspiration  has  inscribed  the 
words,  "One  Lord,  one  faith,  one  baptism." 

The  Editor  has  aimed  to  give  sketches  of  distinguished  Baptists  everywhere,  living 
and  dead;  of  the  important  events  of  Baptist  history;  of  ancient  Baptist  Confessions 
of  Faith  ;  of  the  scattered  and  persecuted  communities  that  held  Baptist  principles  in  the 
bleak  centuries  of  triumphant  Romanism;  and  of  all  doctrines,  practices,  and  usages 
peculiar  to  Baptists.  lie  has  designed  to  plaee  before  the  reader  a  grand  "conspectus" 
of  the  Baptists,  their  principles,  institutions,  monuments,  labors,  achievements,  and  suf 
ferings  throughout  the  world  and  throughout  the  Christian  ages. 

Biography  is  used  extensively  in  this  work.  From  the  earliest  times  it  has  been 
employed  to  impart  historical  information.  Plutarch's  "Lives"  have  traveled  down  the 
ages  for  eighteen  hundred  years  with  unfailing  interest,  giving  invaluable  sketches  of  the 
greatest  events  and  of  the  mightiest  men  of  the  far-distant  past.  Maeaulay's  biographies, 
in  his  "  Essays"  and  in  his  great  "History,"  describe  occurrences  and  men  in  a  form  that 
impresses  and  fascinates.  But  while  biography  is  a  conspicuous  feature  of  the  "  Encyclo 
paedia,"  it  has  also  an  immense  number  of  purely  historical  and  doctrinal  articles. 

If  the  learned  Thomas  Wilson  Haynes  had  completed  his  "Baptist  Cyclopaedia,"  the 
first  volume  of  which  was  issued  in  Charleston,  S.  C.,  in  1848,  the  editor  would  have 
been  relieved  of  a  portion  of  his  labor,  and  Baptist  churches  would  have  been  blessed 
by  a  work  of  great  value;  but  unfortunately  "the  first  volume  of  Part  I."  was  the  last 
that  came  from  the  press. 

Among  the  able  brethren  who  have  rendered  assistance  to  the  Ivlitor  he  would  name 
President  II.  G.  Weston,  J).l).,  Pennsylvania;  Thomas  Armitage,  D.I).,  New  York; 
J.  L.  M.  Curry,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Virginia;  J.  M.  Pendleton,  D.D.,  Pennsylvania;  George 
W.  Samson,  D.D.,  New  York;  William  T.  Brantly,  D.D.,  Maryland;  II.  A.  Tupper, 
D.I).,  Virginia;  J.  C.  Long,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Pennsylvania;  T.  J.  Conant,  D.I).,  New 
York;  M.  Ilillsman,  D.D.,  Tennessee;  J.  A.  Edgren,  D.D.,  Illinois;  J.  V.  Scofield, 
D.D.,  Missouri;  Rev.  R.  S.  Duncan,  Missouri;  Rev.  T.  A.  Gill,  U.S.X.,  Pennsyl 
vania;  C.  C.  Bitting,  D.D.,  Maryland;  Franklin  Wilson,  D.D.,  Maryland;  Professor 
S.  M.  Shute,  D.D.,  District  of  Columbia;  Professor  A.  H.  Newman,  New  York;  C.  E. 
Barrows,  D.I).,  Rhode  Island  ;  Rev.  Frederick  Denison,  Rhode  Island;  J.  C.  Stockbridge, 
D.D.,  Rhode  Island;  Rev.  II.  G.  Moses,  New  Jersey;  H.  F.  Smith,  D.D.,  New  Jersey; 
H.  L.  Wayland,  D.D.,  Pennsylvania;  Rev.  J.  G.Walker,  Pennsylvania;  George  M. 
Spratt,  D.D.,  Pennsylvania;  A.  J.  Rowland,  D.D.,  Pennsylvania;  Col.  C.  II.  Banes, 


LIST   OF   ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PAGE 

Adams,  S.  W 12 

Albanv,        Emmanuel       Baptist 

Church 19 

Alexander,  John 1289 

Allen,  Alanson 22 

Anderson,  Galusha 31 

Anderson,  (Jeo.  W 32 

Anderson,  M.  1? 33 

Anderson,  Thos.  1) 36 

Andrews,  lleddin,  Jr 30 

Armitage,  Thos 10 

Arnold,  Albert  N 41 

Arnold,  Samuel  G 42 

Atlanta  Theological  Seminary....  47 


Backus,  Isaac 52 

Bacon,  Joel  Smith 54 

Bailey,  C.  T 57 

Bailey,  Silas 59 

Bailey,  Thomas  M fiO 

Bainbridge,  W.  F til) 

Baldwin,  (Jeo   C 62 

Baldwin,  Thomas 03 

Baltimore,   Eutaw   Place    Baptist 

Church 

Banes,  Clias.  H 

Ban vanl,  Joseph 

Baptistery  of  Milan 73 

Barlow,  J>.  X 7!) 

Barney,  Eliam   E 81 

Barratt,  J 82 

Barrows,  C.  E 843 

Bateman,  Calvin  A 84 

Battle,  Archibald  J 8(i 

Baylor,  R.  E.  B 89 

Baylor  University 90 

Beebee,  Alex.  M 93 

Benedict,  David 

Benedict  Institute 

Benedict,  Stephen 

Berry,  Joel  11 97 

Bethel  College 98 

Bishop,  Nathan 102 

Bitting,  C.  C KI3 

Bixby,  Moses  II 103 

Bliss,  Geo.  llipley 106 

Blitch,  Jos.  Luke 107 

Eor.rdinan,  Geo.  Dana 108 

Boise,  James  Robinson 110 

Borum,  Jo-eph  Henry 115 

Bostick,  J.s.  M 110 

Bosworth,  (Jeo.  Win 1  18 

Bouic,  Win.  Veirs  1  19 

Botitelle,  Timothy 120 

Boyce  Jaines  Pettigru .' 

Bo.vil,  Willurd  W 

Boykin,  Samuel 

Boykin,  Thomas  Cooper 

Branham,  Isham  11 

Brantly,  John  J 

Brantly,  Win.  T.,  Jr 

Bravman,  Mason 

Brayton,  Geo.  Arnold 

Bridgman,  C.  D.  W 

Briggs,  George  Nixon , 

Bioadus,  John  Albert 


Brooks,  Kendall 142 

Brotherton,  Marshall 143 

Brown,  Joseph  E 146 

Brown,  Nicholas 150 

Brown  University 153 

Buchanan,  James 156 

Buck,  William  Calmes 156 

Buckbee,  Charles  Alvah 157 

Buokner,  Robert  C 158 

Bunyan  in  Bedford  Jail 160 

Burehett,  G.  J 163 

Burleson.  Ruf'us  C Hit 

Biirlingham,  Aaron  11 165 

Burlington  Collegiate  Institute...    165 

Hurney,  Thomas  J 167 

Bush,  Aha 171 


Cade,  Baylus 

Caldwell,  Samuel    L 

Carey,  Geo.  M.   W 

Carev,  William 

Carroll,  B.  II 

Carter,  John  W 

Castle.  John   Harvard 

Caswell,  Alexis 

Catheart.  William 

Champlin.  James  Tift 

Chaplin,  Charles  Crawford... 
Chase,  I  rah 


Chaudoin,  W.  N 

Chicago  Baptist  Union  The( 

cal  Seminary 

Chicago,  First  Baptist  Chun 

Chicago,  University  of 

Chowan  Female  Institute.... 

Chown,  J.  P 

Christian,  Joseph 


174 

175 
181 
182 
186 
189 
190 
191 
196 
200 
203 
205 
207 


Church,  Ph  a  reel  his 

Clovis,  Baptism   of. 

Coburn,  Abner 

Cocke,  Charles  Lewis... 

Colby  Academy 

Colby,  Anthony 

Colby,  Gardner 


Colby  University 

Cole,  Addison  L 

Cole,  Isaac 

Cole,  Nathan 

Coleman.  James  Smith.. 

Colgate  Academy 

Colgate,  William 

Conant,  John 

Conant,  Thomas  J 

Cone,  Silencer  llouirhto 


121 
1  23 
124 
125 
127 
127 
128 
129 
131 
132 
133 
139 


Cook  Academy 

Cook,  Richard  Briscoe.. 

Cooper,  Jaines 

Cooper,  Mark  A 

Corcoran,  William  Wils 
Corey,  Charles  Henry... 

Cotton,  John  II  

Courtney,  Franklin 

Cramp,  John  M 

Crane,  Cephas  B 

Crane,  Jaines  C 

Crane,  William 


210 
215 
219 
221 
221 
224 
235 
238 
239 
240 
241 
242 
243 
245 
245 
246 
247 
248 
250 
260 
261 
263 
271 


Crane,  William  Carey 289 

Craw  ley,  Edmund  Albern 292 

Creath,  Joseph  W.  D 293 

Crosby,  Moreau  S 296 

Crozer,  John  Price 298 

Crozer  Theological  Seminary 299 

Cummings,  E.  E 300 

Curry,  J.  L.  M 301 

Cuthbert,  James  II 304 

Pargan,  J.  0.  B 308 

Davidson.  Thomas  Leslie 309 

Davies.  Daniel 310 

Davis,  (Jeo.  F 311 

Davis,  John 313 

Dawson,  John  Edmonds 1298 

Day.  Henry 318 

Deane,  Richard 322 

Denison,  Frederic 327 

Denison  University 328 

Donovan,  Joshua 1299 

De  Votie,  J.  II 331 

Diekerson,  James  Stokes 332 

Dickinson,  A.  E 333 

Dillard,  Ryland  Thompson 334 

Dockery.  Alfred 338 

Dodge,  Daniel 339 

Dodge,  Ebene/.er 340 

Duncan.  James  Henry 347 

Durfee,  Thomas 352 


272 
274 
275 
278 
279 
281 
283 
286 
287 
287 
288 


Earle,  T.  J 355 

Eaton,  (Jeo.  W 357 

Eddy,  Daniel  C 359 

Elder,  Joseph  F 3>i? 

Elliott,  Victor  A 366 

England,    House    in     which    the 
Baptist  Missionary  Society  was 

formed 370 

Expy.T.U 379 

Estes,  Hiram  Cushnian 380 

Evans,  Benjamin 381 

Evans,  Christmas 382 

Everts,  William  W 385 

Ewart,  Thomas  W 386 

Ferguson,  William , 807 

Field,  James  G 392 

Field,  S.  W 393 

Fish,  Henry  Clay 394 

Fisher,  Thomas  Jefferson 397 

Fleischmann.  Konrad  A 399 

Foljambe,  S.  W- 403 

Ford.  Samuel  Howard 405 

Foster.  John 407 

!  Fox,  Norman 410 

i  Franklin  College 413 

j  French,  George  R 1302 

i   French,  James 418 

!  Fristoe,  Edward  T 419 

i  Fuller,  Andrew 421 

Fuller,  Richard 423 

Furman,  J.  C 426 

Furman,  Richard,  Sr 426 

Furman  University 427 

Fyfe,  Robert  A 428 


6 


PREFACE.  5 

Pennsylvania;  B.  F.  Dennison,  Fsq.,  Pennsylvania ;  James  Buttervvorth,  Esq.,  Pennsyl 
vania;  Rev.  •).  P.  Hetric,  Pennsylvania;  Rev.  B.  1).  Thomas,  Pennsylvania;  W.  Fred. 
Snyder,  Ks<|.,  Pennsylvania;  Rev.  J.  W.  Willmarth,  Pennsylvania  ;  Rev.  James  Waters, 
Tennessee;  Joseph  II.  Bonim,  D.I).,  Tennessee;  Rev.  Isaac  Willmarth,  Pennsylvania  ; 
Justin  A.  Smith,  D.D.,  Illinois;  President  Kendall  Brooks,  D.I).,  Michigan  ;  Rev.  I). 
\'].  Ilaltemaii,  Wisconsin;  J.  R.  Murphy,  D.I).,  Iowa;  President  W.  T.  Stott,  D.D., 
Indiana;  Rev.  S.  Boy  kin,  Georgia ;  President  T.  II.  Pritchard,  I). I).,  North  Carolina  ; 
W.  J>.  Carson,  D.I).,  South  Carolina;  W.  Pope  Yeaman,  I). I).,  Missouri;  J.  II.  Spencer, 
D.I).,  Kentucky;  Rev.  R.  P>.  Cook,  Delaware;  Rev.  M.  Bibb,  West  Virginia;  Ilev.  J. 
S.  (itibelmann,  Pennsylvania;  President  W.  Carey  Crane,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Texas;  J.  J.  I). 
Renfroe,  D.D.,  Alabama;  Rev.  William  Wilder,  Iowa;  II.  J.  Kddy,  I). I).,  New  York; 
Rev.  W.  N.  Chaudoin,  Florida;  Rev.  W.  K.  Paxton,  Arkansas;  C.  A.  Buckbee,  D.D., 
California;  Rev.  O.  A.  Williams,  Nebraska;  Rev.  (Jeorge  Armstrong,  Nova  Scotia; 
Francis  Jennings,  Rsq.,  Pennsylvania;  Hon.  II.  C.  Jones,  Pennsylvania;  William  M. 
Lawrence,  I). I).,  Illinois;  ().  X.  Worden,  Esq.,  Pennsylvania;  S.  Haskell,  D.D.,  Michigan; 
Rev.  J.  D.  King,  Toronto. 

That  the  work  may  be  a  blessing  to  Baptists,  and  to  all  who  love  the  triumphs  of 
grace,  and  that  it  may  be  useful  to  students  of  history  generally,  is  the  earnest  wish  of 

AVI LLI AM  CATHCART. 

PHU.ADEI.PIII A,   Ortulwr,    1881. 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


I'AGE 

430 

Keen,  Joseph  

1>AGK 

040 
641 
643 
645 

I'AUE 

New  York,  First  Baptist  Church..  849 
Nisbet,  Ebene/er  851 

•134 

Keen,  William  Williams  

436 

Keith.  Geo.  II  

Noel,  Baptist  W  852 

Garrett   0   11   1" 

438 

Northrup,  (i.  W  857 

Germany,       Hamburg       Missi 
Chapel 

>n 
•149 

Keridriek,  Adin  A  
Kendriek,  Nathaniel  

046 
64  S 

Norton.  E.  H  858 
Nott,  Abner  Kingman  858 

Gill,  John.  
Gillette    A    1) 

..    453 

45.") 

Kennard,  Joseph  Ilugg  
Kerr,  John  

649 
053 
054 
650 
601 
604 

608 
670 
671 
672 

Nugent,  George  864 
Olney,  Edward  868 

45  '") 

1C  ifVm    William  ... 

('       >    !•""•  1 

402   !   Kilpatrick.  J.  H.  T  

Oncken,  John  Gerhard  809 

Gr    -es     I    1' 

466       Kiiiiii-v.  Robert  Crouch  

O'Neall,  John  Belton  870 

Graves,  Samuel  

..    4(58 

Knollys,  Hanserd  

Owen,  Alfred  877 
Palmer,  Albert  Gallatin  880 

47') 

C    >,r    •'•    T  •'•  1 

474 

Landnim,  Sylvanus  

Palmer.  Ethan   B  880 

Griffith,  Benjamin  

..   476 
479 

Lasher,  Geo.  William  

Palmer,  Lvman  881 

Parmlv,  Wheelock  11  885 

Hickett   II    B 

48.'! 

673 
074 

Pattison,  Robert  E     887 

Pattison,  T.  Harwood  888 

486 

Learning,  First  Baptist  Seminary 

077 
681 

Patton,  Alfred  S  888 

'  ]>•   •'  1   V 

440 

Paxton,  William  Edwards  890 

49.''. 

Lee,  Franklin  >  ... 

Peddie  Institute  894 

H-mn-i    T   A   T 

491 

Lei  and,  John  

682 

Peddie,  John  895 

..    495 

Leland  University  
Leslie,  Preston  II  

6S3 
6S5 

Peddie.  Thomas  B  896 
Pepper,  G.  D.  15  905 

496 

497 

Leverin",  Charles  

OSS 

Peto,  Samuel  Morton  910 

498 

6SS 

Phelps    Svlvanus  Drvdcn  910 

IT      '•;'  I 

4(l't 

Lew    John  P  

690 

Philadelphia,  Baptist  Home  of...   917 
Philadelphia,        Fifth         Baptist 
Church                                                  911 

I.    .    •  .,,          T.          ,  •    I.1 

501 

Lewis,  Henry  Clay  

091 
093 
703 
705 
713 
710 
718 

721 

790 

'      '        . 

508 

Lincoln,  11  em  an  

Philadelphia,,    Memorial    Baptist 
Church  915 

508 

Link,  J.  B  

..    510 

Lofton,  Geo.  Augustus  

Philadelphia,       Second      Baptist 
Church  of  919 

Hawthorne    J    li 

512 

Loomis,  Justin  11  

5  1  3 

Pingry,  William  M  922 

P    ^ 

519 

Louisville.    Ivy.,    Walnut    Street 

Pitman,  John  923 

Hill    iHvid  J 

523 

Baptist  Church  

Posey,  Humphrey  928 

Hill    ^tephen  1* 

524 

Lowry    M    P 

Post,  Albert  L  928 

525 

Potter,  Walter  McD  930 

Hobbs    ^inith   M 

530 

Pritchard.  T.  II  940 

530 

Lush.  Sir  Robert  

727 

Providence,  First  Baptist  Church 
of  946 

Holmes    Willet 

539 

Luther   John  Hill 

.     542 

Mabie,  11.  C  

Macarthur,  Robert  Stewart  

1308 
730 
7.".1 

Puryear,  Bennet  951 

Hornberger,  Lewis  1'  

..    543 
544 

Quincy,  Josiah  952 

546 

Rand,  Theodore  Harding  955 

.     547 

Maclav,  Archibald  

732 

548 

Randolph,  Warren  957 

Iloyt    J'lines  M 

Marroon,  Elias  Lvinan  

7:!9 
710 
712 

Rauschenbusch,  Augustus  959 

55:5 

Maleoin,  Howard  

Rawdon  College  960 

Hubb'ird    Rich'ird  Bennett 

')  ">  'i 

Mallarv    Charles  Dutton 

Ray    1)    B                                                960 

llufh'im     I     ]) 

Manly    Basil..    . 

744 

745 
748 
758 
759 
762 
768 
768 
769 
770 
773 
774 
777 
779 
783 
792 

558 

Manning,  James  

Regent's  Park  College  967 

t  n»ton     \  lonirim  I 

560 

Marcv,  William  Learned 

Renfroe,  J.J.I)  969 

.   503 

Mason,  Su  inner  R  

Rhodes,  Elisha  Hunt  978 

Mather    Asher  E 

Lie,  Gco.  15  

..   568 
.    5S5 

Maxey,  Samuel  Bell  

Richmond,  First  Baptist  Church 
of  985 

McCune,  Henry  K  
Me  Daniel,  James  

Robins,  Henry  E  995 
Robinson,  Exekiel  Gilman  990 

Ives   Dwi"lit 

587 

McDonald,  Charles  J  

588 

Mclntosh,  W.  11  

Robinson,  Robert  997 

..   589 

McMaster,  William  

Rochester  Theological  Seminary.   1000 
Rochester,  University  of  1002 
Rochester      University     (Sibley 
Hall)  1003 

McPherson,  William  
Mell,  Patrick  Hughes  

.   59.'! 

595 

597 

Rothwell,  Andrew  101  1 

J             11 

Rowland,  A.  Judson  11113 

fiO  1 

Milton,  John      

796 

810 

815 
8  1  5 
821 

822 
824 

828 
829 
830 

Roynll,  William  1014 

(505 

Montague   Robert  L 

..    007 

Morgan,  Abel  

Sage,  Adoniram  Judson  1021 

John<on    W    15 

.    009 

Morgan.  T.  J  

Jones    David      

..    610 

Mount  Pleasant  College  
Mul  ford    Horatio  J....  

Salter,  Melville  Judson  1023 
Samson.  Gco.  Whitefield  1024 

617 

..   019 

Murdock,  John  Nelson  

San      Francisco,     First     Baptist 
Church  of  1028 

Jones  T  (J                        

..    620 

Nashville,   First  Colored   Baptist 
Church  of  

021 

Sawyer,  Artemus  W  1031 

623 

Schotield,  J.  V  1034 
Searcy,  James  B  1037 

020 

Judson,  Mrs.  Ann  Hasseltine... 

..   028 
633 

\eale    Rolliu  Ileber 

Sears   Barnas  ..                         1038 

Newman,  Albert  Henry  

839 
839 
845 

Semple,  Robert  B  1040 
Shailer,  William  H  1044 

..   637 

Newton  Theological  Seminarv.... 

Shallenbereer.  Win.  S....            ..    1046 

OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Sharp,  Daniel  

I'AOK 

1047 
1048 
1053 
1  055 

1058 
1067 
10118 
1070 
1072 
1073 
1076 

'loss 

1090 

Thomas,  B.  D  

PAGE 

....    1147 

PACE 

1223 

Shaver,  David  

1  149 

Welch    Bartholomew  T 

12''6 

Sherwood,  Adiel  

Thresher.    Kbene/.i 
Ticknor,  William 
Toronto.   Canaila, 
Baptist  Church  i 
Tremont  Temple, 
Tucker,  Henry  Ho 
Tupper,  Henry  All 

..      1151 

Weston    Henry  (J 

Shorter,  John   (iill  

)  

....    1153 

Wharton,  Morton  Bryan 

1235 

Shutc,  Samuel   M  

Jarvis    Si; 
f  ..  .. 

cer. 
....    11(10 

Wiber",  Andreas 

1240 

Smiih,  James  Wheaton  

Wilder,  William 

124'! 

Smith,  John   Lawrence  

Joston  

....     1163 

William  Jewell   Colle-'e 

1246 

Smith,  Justin  A  

Icomhc  

....     1171 

Williams    J    W    M 

194S 

Smith,  Samuel    Francis  

en...  

.  .  .    1  174 

Order 
I'j2<j 

Smith    William  K          

1  1  75 

Kxile,     i'ac  simile     of 
of...         .    ' 

South  Jersey  Institute  

Turner,  Thomas... 

....    1176 

Spalding,  Albert  Theodore  

Tustin,  Francis  W 
Van  II  usan,  Caleb. 

•i  viand  

....    1178 

1326 

Speight,  Joseph  Warren  

....    1187 

Williams   William  li 

1  ''  •")  '"> 

Spratt,  (ieo.  M  

19  .-,7 

Spratt,  (ieo.  S.... 

1  092 
1093 

109  1 

Vassar  College  

....    1190 

1258 

Spurgeon,  Charles  II  addon  

Vaughan,  William 

....    1191 

Win.  'site.   W.  M  

1261 

1  1'!.'! 

Winkler.  Mdwin   Theodore 
Womack     B    R 

1  ''01 

Stau  'lit  on,  William  

1309 
1101 

1107 

1110 
1  109 

Yince,  Charles  

.  .  .  .   1191 

1  ''(18 

Waco  University... 

....    1197 

Woodburn    I!    F 

1272 

Still  ma  n,  Samuel  

Woods    Alva 

1273 

St.    Louis.    Mo.,   Second     Baptist 

AVake  Forest  Colle 
Walker,  Jacob  (iai 
Walter,  Thomas  U 

re 

1  1  99 

1977 

rett  

....    1202 

1279 

Stoekbridge,  John  Calvin  

....    1207 

1282 

1115 

Ward    Milan  L 

1  '>()<) 

Yates,  M.  T  

1  283 

Strong,  Augustus  II  
Sutlield  Literary  Institution  

1119 
1  297 
1  T'2 

Warren.  Iv  W  
Watts,  Thomas  Hi 

1  

....    1212 

....    1218 

Yeanum.  W    Pope  

1283 

12L'0 

Youii"    (!eor<'c  Whitelield 

1  2S5 

Swan,  Jabez  Smith  

1125 

Wayland,  Francis. 

..    1222 

Younir.  Robert  F  

..   1286 

THE 


BAPTIST    ENCYCLOPAEDIA. 


A. 


Aaron,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born  in  New  Britain, 
Pa..  Oct.  19,  1800.  In  18:26  the  Saviour  found  him 
and  washed  him  in  his  blood.  In  18:29  he  was  or 
dained  as  pastor  of  the  New  Britain  church.  Sub 
sequently  lie  took  charge  of  the  Burlington,  N.  J., 
High  School,  and  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that 
place.  In  1841  he  removed  to  Norristown,  Pa., 
founded  the  Tremont  Seminary  there,  and  served 
the  Baptist  church  as  pastor.  Afterwards  he  ac 
cepted  the  call  of  the  church  in  Mount  Holly, 
N.  J.,  where  he  ended  his  earthly  labors,  and  en 
tered  upon  the  eternal  rest,  in  the  sixty-fifth  year 
of  his  age. 

Mr.  Aaron  was  a  fine  scholar  and  a  man  of  ex 
traordinary  ability.  His  logic  was  irresistible. 
He  was  the  natural  leader  of  his  associates.  He 
was  not  afraid  to  differ  from  a  whole  community, 
nor  could  the  penalties  inflicted  upon  independent 
thinking  move  him.  He  uttered  his  convictions 
with  a  manly  boldness,  and  he  sustained  them  with 
great  power.  Few  cared  to  encounter  him  in  de 
bate,  and  large  numbers  admired  his  great  intel 
lect  and  his  Christian  deportment.  lie  lived  an 
earnest  Christian  life,  and  he  died  in  the  Saviour's 
peace. 

Abbe,  Prof.  Cleveland,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
New  York,  Dec.  3,  1838,  and  graduated  from  the 
New  York  City  Free  College  in  1857.  He  united 
wirh  a  Baptist  church  in  that  city  in  185:'),  and  has 
been  actively  engaged  in  Sunday-school  work,  lie 
is  at  present  a  member  of  the  Calvary  Baptist 
church,  Washington,  D.  C.  During  185'J-OO  he 
was  instructor  of  Mathematics  and  Engineering  in  ; 
the  University  of  Michigan,  and  for  a  short  time 
in  the  Agricultural  College  of  that  _State.  From  | 
1800  to  1864  he  was  engaged  in  the  United  States 
Coast  Survey  under  Dr.  B.  A.  Gould,  at  Cambridge, 
2 


|  Mass.  In  1865-66  he  visited  the  European  ob 
servatories.  During  1867-68  he  was  an  assistant 
at  the  Naval  Observatory,  Washington,  D.  C. 
From  1868  to  1870  he  was  director  of  the  Cincin 
nati  Observatory,  where,  among  other  labors,  he 
established  and  carried  on  a  system  of  daily  tele 
graphic  weather  reports  and  predictions,  and  issued 
a  ''Daily  Weather  Bulletin''  for  the  Cincinnati 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  which  began  in  ISO!),  and 
which  rapidly  developed  into  the  present  national 
system  of  weather  u  probabilities."  In  January, 
1871,  he  was  called  to  the  responsible  position  of 
meteorologist  of  tin;  Weather  Bureau  of  the  Army 
Signal-Office,  where  he  compiled  the  published 
weather  probabilities,  the  storm-signals,  monthly 
reviews,  and  international  bulletin,  and  where  lie 
still  officiates.  Prof.  Abbe  has  made  numerous  val 
uable  contributions  to  scientific  journals,  especially 
the  American  Journal  of  Science,  Monthly  Notices, 
J!oy<d  Astronomical  >SV/e///,  Army  Signal-Office 
Reports,  Astromische  Nachrirktvii,  Smithsonian 
Annual  Reports,  Baird's  "Annual  Record,"  Ap- 
pleton's  and  Johnson's  Encyclopaedias,  etc. 

Abbot,  Hon.  Charles  F.,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  April  5,  1821.  In  early  life  he  went  to  Rich 
mond,  Ya.,  where  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  E.  L. 
Magoon,  D.D.  He  subsequently  removed  to  Phila 
delphia  and  united  with  the  church  at  the  Falls  of 
Schuylkill,  where  for  many  years  he  has  remained 
a  faithful  member  and  an  honored  office-bearer. 
As  a  timsteo  of  the  university  at  Lewisburg,  and  a 
manager  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  So 
ciety,  he  has  been  actively  engaged  in  promoting 
the  educational  and  missionary  work  of  the  denomi 
nation.  He  is  a  man  of  strong  intellect,  clear  judg 
ment,  broad  views,  and  sterling  piety.  In  secular 
life  he  has  repeatedly  been  elected  to  aid  in  the 

9 


AliHOTT 


10 


ADAMS 


management  of  important  trusts.  At  one  time  he 
represented  his  fellow-citizens  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Legislature,  and  lie  is  at  present  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Public  Education  in  the  city  of  Phila 
delphia. 

Abbott,  Granville  S.,  D.D.,  son  of  Ebenezcr 

Tildcn  and  Puith  Hewes,  was  horn  at  North  Read 
ing.  Mass..  Feb.  '27.  lS.'->7:  bapti/.ed  at  the  age  of 
fifteen  bv  Rev.  Asa  ('.  Bronson  ;  licensed  by  the 
North  Reading  church  in  1S.VJ  ;  was  ordained  by 
the  South  Boston  church  in  1S63,  of  which  he  was 
pastor  for  six  years,  during  which  period  an  ele- 
jrant  house  of  worship  was  erected.  lie  spent  ten 
years  in  study  for  his  life-work,  graduating  with 
honor  from  Pierce  Academy  in  1S,~>0,  from  Brown 
University  in  I860,  and  from  Newton  Theological 
Institution  in  1863.  After  his  South  Boston  pas 
torate  he  was  pastor  at  Watertown,  Mass.,  from 
Oct.  1.  1869.  to  Jan.  1.  1S77.  One  year  later  he 
became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  San 
Francisco.  Cal.,  and  resigned  Jan.  1,  1879.  April 
1.  1S79.  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  church, 
Oakland,  where,  in  connection  with  his  pastoral 
work,  he  accepted  the  editorship  of  the  Herald  of 
Truth,  a  monthly  Baptist  paper,  established  Jan. 
1.  18SO.  His  work  for  the  denomination  and  the 
cause  of  religion  has  been  varied  and  constant. 
For  four  years  he  edited  the  Sunday-school  depart 
ment  of  The  Watchman,  of  Boston.  For  five  years 
he  was  editor  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society's  "Question  Books"  and  of  its  "Lesson 
Leaves,"  whose  monthly  circulation  was  250,000. 
While  in  New  England  he  was  a  member  of  vari 
ous  boards  of  benevolence. — the  American  Baptist 
Missionary  Union,  New  England  Educational  So 
ciety,  Massachusetts  State  Convention,  president 
of  New  England  Ministerial  Institute,  and  secre 
tary  of  the  Massachusetts  Ministerial  Institute. 
In  May,  1880,  California  College  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  D.D.  The  church  at  Oakland, 
of  which  he  is  pastor,  in  1880,  is  one  of  the  largest 
in  California,  and  is  distinguished  for  its  foreign 
mission  zeal,  in  which  it  is  an  example  for  all  the 
churches. 

Abbott,  Rev.  Henry.—"  To  this  man,"  Bur- 
kitt,  the  historian,  says,  "we  are  indebted  for  some 
of  our  religious  rites."  He  was  born  in  London, 
and  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Abbott,  canon 
of  St.  Paul.  He  came  to  this  country  without  the 
knowledge  of  his  father,  and  first  appeared  in 
Camden  Co.,  N.  C.,  as  a  school-teacher.  He  soon 
joined  a  Baptist  church  and  began  to  preach.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Provincial  Congress  when  the  State 
and  Federal  constitutions  were  adopted.  He  died 
May.  IT'.H. 

Abbott,  Rev.  L.  A.— Rev.  L.  A.  Abbott,  now 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Alton,  III.,  was 


born  in  Beverly,  Mass.,  in  1824,  and  was  baptized 
at  the  age  of  fourteen  by  the  now  venerable  Rev. 
Benjamin  Knight,  uniting  with  the  Second  Bap 
tist  church  in  Beverly.  In  his  early  life  he  was  a 
sailor.  Deciding  to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  he 
studied  at  Worcester  Academy,  but  his  health  fail 
ing  midwav  in  the  course,  he  again  went  to  sea, 
and  made  several  voyages  as  mate  and  master. 
Leaving  the  sea,  he  returned  to  his  native  town 
and  spent  some  years  in  teaching,  meantime  repre 
senting  the  district  two  years  in  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature.  In  1855  he  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  Central  Baptist  church,  Metford,  Mass.,  but 
in  consequence  of  lung  difficulty  was  compelled  to 
resign  in  1858.  Partially  recovering,  he  accepted 
the  pastorate  of  the  Weymouth  church,  and  was 
again  chosen  by  that  town  to  represent  it  in  the 
Legislature.  In  1863  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Central  Baptist  church  of  Middleborough,  the  seat 
of  Pierce  Academy,  then  flourishing  under  the 
principalship  of  Prof.  J.  W.  P.  Jenks.  Here  he 
was  once  chosen  to  the  Legislature,  in  which  body, 
in  this  as  in  former  terms,  he  served  upon  impor 
tant  committees.  In  1868,  removing  to  Minnesota 
for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  he  was  four  years  a 
pastor  at  Rochester,  then  at  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  where 
he  remained  seven  years.  In  1879  he  became  pastor, 
at  Alton,  of  the  church  which  he  still  efficiently 
serves. 

Acworth,  James,  LL.D.,  late  president  of 
Rawdon  College.  England  (formerly  known  as 
Horton  College),  from  1836  to  1863.  Studied  for 
the  ministry  at  the  Bristol  Baptist  College,  whence 
he  proceeded  to  Glasgow  University  and  graduated. 
On  May  29,  1823,  he  was  ordained  co-pastor  of  the 
South  Parade  church,  Leeds,  his  colleague  being 
the  venerable  Thomas  Langdon.  then  in  the  forty- 
first  year  of  his  ministry.  In  1836  he  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  president  of  Ilorton  College,  and  dis 
tinguished  himself  by  many  important  services  to 
the  denomination  in  that  capacity.  Since  his  retire 
ment,  in  1863.  he  has  resided  at  Scarborough,  York 
shire.  Both  as  a  pastor  and  theological  professor 
Dr.  Acworth  will  long  be  gratefully  remembered. 

Adams,  George  F.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Dor 
chester,  Mass.,  Oct.  3,  1802.  and  died  in  Baltimore. 
Md.,  April  16.  1877.  His  father.  Seth  Adams,  re 
moved  to  Ohio  in  1805.  and  settled  first  in  Mari 
etta,  and  afterwards  in  Zanesville.  Mr.  Adams 
was  baptized  in  1812,  by  the  Rev.  George  C.  Sed- 
wick.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1822.  In 
1824  lie  entered  the  preparatory  school  of  the  Co 
lumbian  College,  graduated  from  the  college  in 
1829,  and  was  principal  of  the  school  during  the 
year  1829-30.  While  still  pursuing  his  collegiate 
course  ho  was'elected  pastor  of  the  Central  Baptist 
church,  Washington,  at  that  time  worshiping  in  the 
city  hall,  which,  however,  was  soon  after  merged 


ADAMS 


11 


ADAMS 


into  the  E  Street  church.  During  his  college 
course  he  also  spent  several  of  his  vacations  with 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Ryland  as  missionary  in  Eastern  Vir 
ginia.  He  was  ordained  at  the  Navy-Yard  Baptist 
church,  Washington,  April  22,  1827.  In  1830  he 
settled  in  Falmouth,  Ya.,  as  principal  of  a  female 
school,  and  as  the  assistant  of  the  Rev.  R.  B.  Seiuple, 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Fredericksburg,  of  which 
he  soon  became  himself  the  pastor,  continuing  such 
until  December  of  1835,  supplying  at  the  same  time 
the  pulpit  at  Falmouth,  and  also  of  one  other  church. 
In  January,  1830,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Calvert 
Street  Baptist  church,  Baltimore,  where  he  was 
useful  and  successful.  In  1842  he  became  general 
missionary  for  the  State  of  Maryland,  visiting  and 
stimulating  all  the  churches.  In  1843  he  preached 
to  the  Hereford,  Gunpowder,  and  Forest  churches. 
In  1X48  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church,  Baltimore,  where,  during  thirteen 
years,  he  labored  with  great  success.  In  I860, 
Mr.  Adams  became  pastor  of  the  Hampton  Baptist 
church,  but  the  war  occurring,  he  served  for  a  short 
time  as  chaplain  in  the  Confederate  army.  He  was 
arrested  and  imprisoned  for  a  while  at  the  Rip-raps. 
In  1862  he  returned  to  Baltimore,  and  was  appointed 
State  missionary,  serving  in  that  capacity  until 
18G5,  when  he  took  charge  of  the  Atlantic  Female 
College  at  Onancock,  Ya.  In  1867  he  was  called 
a  second  time  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in 
Hampton,  where  he  remained  for  nine  years,  until, 
his  voice  failing,  he  resigned,  and  removed  to  Bal 
timore,  where  he  was  appointed  a  city  missionary, 
laboring  as  such  with  great  fidelity  until  nearly 
the  day  of  his  death,  which  was  caused  by  a  can 
cerous  affection  of  the  throat.  As  a  preacher  Mr. 
Adams  was  instructive  and  stimulating.  His  style 
was  clear,  simple,  and  forcible,  and  his  sermons 
were  rich  in  Christian  experience.  During  a  min 
istry  of  more  than  fifty  years  he  had  labored  faith 
fully  for  the  advancement  of  every  good  cause, 
baptizing  hundreds  of  converts,  and  giving  much 
of  his  time  to  the  cause  of  missions.  Sunday- 
schools,  temperance,  and  the  distribution  of  re 
ligious  publications.  One  who  knew  him  well  has 
said,  ';  lie  was  one  of  the  four  ministers  who,  in 
1830,  laid  the  foundation  of  the  Maryland  Baptist 
Union  Association,  and  to  him  more  than  to  any 
other  man  are  we  indebted  under  God  for  the  origin 
and  present  glorious  success  of  that  body,  number 
ing  then  only  345,  now  over  10,000."  Mr.  Adams 
also  wrote  and  published  numerous  articles  of  in 
terest  in  our  religious  periodicals,  and  was  for  one 
year  the  editor  of  the  True  L'nioii,  published  in 
Baltimore.  He  had  also  in  preparation  a  "  History 
of  the  Maryland  Baptist  Churches," — a  work  for 
which  he  was  specially  fitted  from  his  intimate 
acquaintance  with  the  churches,  and  which  lie 
undertook  at  the  request  of  the  M.  B.  U.  A.  He 


left  it  unfinished  at  his  death,  but  it  will  be  com 
pleted  by  the  Rev.  John  Pollard,  D.D.,  of  Balti 
more.  Dr.  Adams  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 
the  Columbian  College. 

Adams,  Rev.  Henry,  a  distinguished  colored 
minister,  was  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Ga.,  Dec.  17. 
1X()2.  He  was  converted  at  the  age  of  eighteen 
years,  and  the  same  year  licensed  to  preach  within 
the  bounds  of  his  church.  In  1823  his  license  was 
extended  without  limits,  and  in  1825  he  was  or 
dained.  After  preaching  a  few  years  in  South  Car 
olina  and  Georgia,  he  emigrated  to  Kentucky,  and 
was  settled  as  pastor  of  the  First  Colored  Baptist 
church  in  Louisville  in  1829.  Here  he  spent  the 
remainder  of  a  long  and  eminently  useful  life. 
The  church  was  very  small  when  he  took  charge 
of  it,  and  was  the  only  colored  Baptist  church  in 
the  city.  At  his  death  it  numbered  over  1000 
members,  and  was  the  parent  of  six  other  churches, 
with  a  total  membership  of  4000.  Mr.  Adams  was 
a  fair  scholar,  having  a  good  knowledge  of  several 
of  the  ancient  languages.  After  the  emancipation 
of  the  colored  people  he  expressed  constant  anxiety 
for  the  establishment  of  schools  and  the  improve 
ment  of  the  condition  of  his  race.  He  was  espe 
cially  solicitous  for  the  formation  of  a  school  in 
Louisville  for  the  training  of  colored  ministers. 
He  died  in  Louisville,  Nov.  3,  1872. 

Adams,  Rev.  John  Qltincy,  was  born  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  Feb.  25,  1825  ;  was  liberally  educated  ; 
ordained  pastor  of  Bloomfield  church,  N.  J.,  Jan. 
31,  1X49.  lie  has  had  charge  of  the  Keyport 
church.  X.  J.,  and  of  the  North,  Antioch,  and 
Cannon  Street  churches  in  New  York  City.  Ho 
has  published  a  number  of  religious  works.  Eleven 
years  ago  he  had  baptized  540  persons,  nine  of 
whom  became  ordained  ministers.  Mr.  Adams  is 
full  of  zeal  for  the  salvation  of  the  perishing,  and 
for  the  triumph  of  what  he  regards  as  the  truth  of 
God. 

Adams,  Seymour  Webster,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 

Yernon,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y..  Aug.  1,  1815;  con 
verted  at  the  age  of  seventeen  :  received  his  liter 
ary  education  at  Hamilton  College.  N.  Y.,  and  his 
theological  training  at  Hamilton  Theological  Sem 
inary  ;  was  ordained  in  February,  1843,  and  after 
supplying  the  churches  at  Durhamville  and  Johns 
town.  N.  Y.,  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Yer 
non.  his  native  place,  where  he  remained  t\vo  years. 
In  1846  he  accepted  the  call  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Cleveland.  0.,  and  continued  its  pastor 
until  his  death,  Sept.  27.  1X64.  During  these 
eighteen  years  he  had  the  affection  of  a  devoted 
people,  and  exercised  great  influence  in  the  city 
and  State.  In  1X5'.)  he  wrote  a  memoir  of  his 
father-in-law.  Dr.  Nathaniel  Kendrick.  His  death 
was  hastened  by  his  services  at  the  seat  of  war  as 
a  volunteer  in  the  Christian  Commission.  His 


12 


AD  LAM 


S.     \V.     ADAMS,     D.l). 

memoir  was  published  under  the  editorship  of  J. 
P.  Bishop  in  1800.  His  character  was  greatly  ad 
mired  and  his  early  death  lamented  hy  all. 

Adams,  Rev.  Spencer  Gavitt,  the  pastor  of 

the  Baptist  church  in  AValworth.  Wis.,  was  horn  in 
.Marion  Co.,  0..  Sept.  7.  1*44.  His  parents  were 
Methodists,  and  he  received  his  early  religious 
training  under  the  influence  of  that  denomination. 
IIC  obtained  hope  in  Christ  when  thirteen  years  of 
age,  !Xnd  united  with  the  M.  E.  Church.  His  at 
tention  having  been  called  to  the  views  held  by 
Baptists.  after  careful  and  prayerful  examination 
of  the  subject  he  united  with  the  Baptist  Church. 
He  was  educated  at  Dcnison  University,  O.,  and  at 
the  Morgan  Park  Baptist  Theological  Seminary, 
111.  He  was  ordained  in  June,  1ST").  While  a 
student  in  the  theological  seminary  he  supplied 
regularly  for  two  years  the  Uaptist  church  in 
Thompsonville.  Racine  Co.  He  has  been  four 
years  pastor  of  the  AVahvorth  Baptist  church. 

Adams,  Rev.  Thomas,  a  prominent  minister 
of  the  Mississippi  River  Baptist  Association,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina  in  1S04,  and  began  to 
preach  in  1830.  lie  was  a  graduate  of  Furman 
Theological  Institute.  After  laboring  many  years 
in  his  native  State,  he  removed  to  East  Feliciana 
Parish,  La.,  in  ixr>3,  where  he  labored  efficiently 
until  his  death,  July  20,  ls:>9. 

Adkins,  E.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Greenfield.  Sara 
toga  Co.,  X.  Y.,  Dec.  17,  l*0f>.  His  parents  moving 
to  what  was  then  the  wilderness  of  Western  New 
York,  he  was  deprived  of  the  advantages  of  an  early 
education,  but  impelled  by  his  thirst  for  knowledge, 


at  the  age  of  twenty-seven  he  entered  an  academy 
at  Rochester,  N.  Y..  graduating  finally  from  Mari 
etta  College,  0.,  in  ls;j(.).  For  three  years  after  his 
graduation  he  was  tutor  at  Marietta,  where  he  also 
studied  law.  Having  taught  in  Tennessee  and  IV- 
oria.  111.  (where  he  was  baptized),  he  accepted  in 
Is47  the  chair  of  Belles-Lettres  in  Shurtlen" College, 
111.,  remaining  in  the  faculty  nine  years  at  great 
personal  sacrifice,  and  giving  himself  to  the  interests 
of  the  college  with  unwearied  devotion.  The  latter 
part  of  his  time  at  ShurtlelV,  Prof.  Adkins  had  the 
chair  of  Languages.  Having  become  profoundly 
interested  in  Bible  revision,  lie  resigned  at  Shnrtleff 
and  removed  to  New  York,  where  he  devoted  his 
entire  time  to  this  work.  After  a  year's  service  he 
was,  however,  obliged  to  desist  on  account  of  fail 
ure  of  sight.  In  18f>7  he  took  a  position  in  Mari 
etta  College,  resigning  this  in  1S">9  to  accept  the 
Professorship  of  Greek  in  Richmond  College.  Ya.,  a 
post  which  he  held  but  a  short  time  on  account  of 
the  war.  Returning,  he  accepted  a  pastorate  at 
Brimtield,  111.,  where  he  was  ordained.  In  18(13 
he  again  entered  the  faculty  of  Marietta  College, 
where  he  remained  until  partial  blindness  com 
pelled  him  to  retire.  Of  late  years  he  has  been 
living  with  his  son  at  Elyria,  O. 

Dr.  Adkins  has  been  an  industrious  writer.  In 
his  early  life  lie  published  "What  is  Baptism?'' 
and  in  his  later  years  "  Ecclesia  ;  The  Church: 
Its  Polity  and  Fellowship.''  and  "The  Ages  to 
Come,  or  the  Future  States."  He  has  also  written 
largely  for  newspapers  and  magazines. 

Adkins,  Frank,  A.M.,  son  of  the  preceding,  was 
born  at  Marietta,  0.,  Nov.  1>1,  1841.  Converted  at 
the  age  often,  during  revival  meetings  held  at  Up 
per  Alton,  111.:  baptized  two  years  later.  After 
preparatory  studies  at  Shurtlell'  and  Pierce  Acade 
mies,  and  collegiate  studies  at  Marietta.  0.,  gradu 
ated  at  Madison  University  in  18(11.  After  gradu 
ation  engaged  in  teaching,  but  feeling  called  to 
preach  took  a  course  of  theological  study  at  Madi 
son  and  Rochester,  graduating  at  the  latter  place 
in  .180(1.  Same  year  settled  as  pastnr  at  Akron. 
O..  where  he  remained  two  and  a  half  years.  After 
a  short  period  of  missionary  work  became,  in  1870, 
pastor  of  the  First  church,  Iowa  City.  Iowa,  where 
he  remained  five  and  a  half  years,  when  ill  health 
compelled  him  to  resign.  For  two  years  after  this 
was  Professor  of.  Greek  in  Central  University,  Pella. 
Iowa.  In  December,  1878.  lie  became  pastor  at 
Elyria,  0.,  where  he  still  remains.  Mr.  Adkins  is 
a  scholarly  and  cultured  man,  and  ranks  very  high 
on  account  of  his  attainments  and  the  excellencies 
of  his  character. 

Adlam,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born  in  Bristol, 
Eno-land.  February,  1798.  lie  was  ordained  at 
West  Dedham,  Mass.,  Nov.  3.  1824.  Having  been 
in  the  ministry  several  years,  he  felt  the  need  of  a 


ADMISSION 


13 


AFRICA 


more  extended  course  of  study  than  lie  had  been 
able  to  secure,  and  went  to  Newton,  where  he  re 
mained  I'or  lour  years,  from  1S,'!4  to  1838.  His 
pastorates  have  been  in  West  Dedham,  Marblehead, 
and  Gloucester,  Mass.  ;  Hallowell,  Dover,  and  Fox- 
croft,  Me.  ;  and  Newport,  R.  I.  He  resigned  his 
pastorate  of  the  First  church  in  the  latter  place 
some  years  since. 

Admission  of  Members  into  the  Church.— 

When  a  man  desires  admission  into  an  orderly  Bap 
tist  church,  he  is  carefully  examined  by  the  pastor 
or  some  other  judicious  brother  in  reference  to  his 
repentance  for  sin,  and  utter  helplessness  without  the 
Saviour's  grace  :  in  reference  to  his  faith  in  Jesus 
as  his  substitute  and  sacrifice  on  the  cross,  without 
whose  blood  his  sins  would  cling  to  him  forever; 
and  in  reference  to  his  knowledge  of  the  teach 
ings  of  God's  word,  lie  is  instructed  in  the  great 
doctrines  of  the  trinity,  election,  the  oliices  of 
the  three  sacred  persons,  depravity,  regeneration, 
atonement,  justification,  providence,  final  perse 
verance,  and  believing  prayer.  Satisfied  that  the 
man  is  washed  by  faith  in  the  blood  of  the  Lamb 
and  saved,  the  pastor  brings  him  to  the  deacons, 
who  hear  from  him  an  account  of  God's  dealings 
with  his  soul.  Having  convinced  them  that  he  is 
a  child  of  God,  he  repeats  his  experience  at  a  week- 
night  service,  at  the  close;  of  which  a  special  church- 
meeting  is  held,  and  a  resolution  is  passed  author 
izing  his  baptism  and  reception  into  the  church. 
After  baptism  he  is  formally  received  into  the  church 
by  the  right  hand  of  fellowship.  In  a  few  churches 
the  pastor,  just  before  giving  the  hand  of  fellow 
ship,  places  his  hands  upon  the  candidate's  head, 
and  tenderly  pravs  for  him. 

Africa,  Mission  to. — In  his  admirable  "  History 
of  American  Baptist  Missions"  Prof.  Gammell  says, 
''  No  one  of  the  missions  planted  by  the  Managers 
of  the   General    Convention   has   had   such  serious 
obstacles  to  encounter,  or  has  been   so  often  para 
lyzed  by  their  influence,  as  that  on  the  western  coast  | 
of  Africa.       Its  history  conducts   us   to  a   portion 
of   the   earth    pervaded   by   a   pestilential  climate, 
and    perpetually   ravaged  by  the   cupidity  of   civ 
ilized  man  ;  to  a  race  degraded  by  the  barbarism 
and  wrongs  of  ages,  and,  by  common  consent,  long 
doomed   to  slavery  and  oppression  among  almost  \ 
every  people  of  Christendom.     No   relics  of  a  dc-  ' 
parted  civilization,  no  scenes  of  storied  events,  at-  j 
tract  attention  to  this  gloomy  region.     No  hoary  ! 
superstitions,  blending  with  the  rude  traditions  of 
an  elder  age,  lend    a    philosophic    interest    to  the 
people  who  inhabit  it.     It  presents  only  a  blank 
and  dreary   waste  of   barbarism,  occupied   by  the 
lowest  and  most  abject  forms  of  humanity."    Since 
these  words  were  written,  more  than   a  quarter  of 
a  century  ago,  a  new  interest  has  been  thrown  over 
this   dark  country    by  the  discoveries  of  modern 


travelers,  and  we  may  cherish  the  hope  that,  with 
the  advance  of  the  years.  Africa  will  become  as 
much  the  scene  of  missionary  activity  as  Asia  has 
been  during  the  past  fifty  years. 

The  operations  of  American  Baptists  in  Africa 
have  been  confined  to  Liberia,  on  the  west  coast  of 
the  continent,  and  to  the  Bassa  tribe  living  in  the 
territory.  Colonists  from  America  laid  the  foun 
dations  of  Monrovia,  now  the  capital  of  the  re 
public  of  Liberia,  in  1821.  Lott  Carey  and  Collin 
Teague,  two  colored  men  who  had  been  ordained 
at  Richmond.  \'a..  in  -Januarv.  1821.  commenced 
their  missionary  labors  in  Monrovia  in  1822.  A 
church  was  formed,  of  which  Mr.  Carey  was  ap 
pointed  pastor.  His  decided  superiority  in  intel 
lectual  ability  over  the  colonists  u'ave  him  threat 
influence  in  the  new  settlement,  and  he  was  able, 
in  many  ways,  to  promote  the  interests  of  the 
people.  He  was  appointed  vice-agent  in  1820,  and 
in  182X  governor,  during  the  temporary  absence 
of  Mr.  Ash  mini  to  the  United  States.  The  death 
of  Mr.  Carey  was  a  sad  blow  to  the  interests  of 
the  colony  and  the  church.  Two  white  mission 
aries.  Rev.  Calvin  Holton,  appointed  Jan.  24,  1820, 
and  Rev.  Benjamin  R.  Skinner,  appointed  Jan.  11, 
1830,  both  died  of  the  "coast  fever,"  the  one  in 
1S26  and  the  other  in  1831.  The  board  was  so 
discouraged  by  what  seemed  a  fatality  to  white 
men,  in  the  character  of  the  climate  of  the  west 
coast  of  Africa,  that  they  gave  up  the  hope  of  car 
rying  on  the  mission  through  any  other  agency 
than  that  of  colored  preachers  of  the  gospel.  Five 
years  elapsed  before  another  white  missionary  was 
sent  out  to  Africa.  Two  brethren  offered  to  go,  Rev. 
\V.  G.  Crocker  and  Rev.  W.  Mylne,  and  they  were 
appointed  early  in  1835,  and  reached  the  field  of 
their  labors.  They  were  instructed  to  preach  among 
the  native  tribes,  and  it  was  decided  to  establish  a 
mission  at  Bassa  Cove,  with  the  hope  that,  from  this 
point  as  headquarters,  they  might  more  effectually 
teach  the  natives.  Schools  were  at  once  commenced 
at  Bassa  Cove,  Edina,  and  other  places.  A  house 
of  worship  was  dedicated  at  Bassa  Cove  in  1836, 
where  Mr.  Mylne  preached  until  a  pastor  was  set 
tled  in  the  following  year.  It  was  not  long  before 
the  insidious  malaria  of  West  Africa  so  affected  the 
physical  system  of  Mr.  Mylne  that  he  was  obliged 
to  give  Tip  his  work,  and,  a  broken-down  man,  he 
returned  to  this  country  in  J838.  Mr.  Crocker  had 
a  better  constitution,  and  was  able  to  go  on  with 
his  work.  He  directed  his  attention  to  the  work 
of  translation,  in  which  he  was  especially  success 
ful.  Rev.  Ivory  Clarke  and  his  wife  arrived  at  Edina 
ertrly  in  1838,  and  having  passed  safely  through  an 
attack  of  the  fever,  entered  upon  their  missionary 
labors  with  zeal.  In  1840,  Messrs.  Constantino 
and  Fielding,  with  their  wives,  offered  themselves 
to  the  board,  and  were  appointed  to  labor  among 


AIXSLFE 


14 


ALABAMA 


the  tribes  living  farther  back  from  the  coast,  with 
the  hope  that  the  climate  would  prove  more  favor 
able  to  their  health  than  the  climate  of  the  coast. 
The  hope  was  not  realized.  Mr.  and  .Mrs.  Fielding 
both  died  within  six  weeks  after  their  arrival.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Constantine  were  so  completely  broken 
down  in  health  that  they  returned  to  this  country 
in  June.  1X4:2.  Mr.  Crocker  left  his  work  in  Africa 
;i  year  preceding  the  return  of  Mr.  Constantino, 
and  came  to  the  United  States.  After  two  years' 
residence  here  he  returned  to  the  scene  of  his  former 
labors.  On  the  Sabbath  after  his  arrival  in  Mon 
rovia  he  was  seized  with  a  sudden  illness,  and  in 
two  days  he  died.  His  wife,  after  a  year  or  two  of 
experience  of  missionary  life  on  this  treacherous 
coast,  returned  to  her  native  land.  Mr.  Clarke,  in 
his  turn,  fell  a  victim  to  disease,  dying  at  sea,  April 
4.  1S4S,  on  his  passage  to  America. 

Ainslie,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  17»V.):  con 
verted  and  baptized  at  Sussex,  Xew  Brun>wi<-k.  in 
1S02.  lie  soon  commenced  preaching,  and  traveled 
as  an  evangelist  for  about  four  years,  lie  was 
ordained  in  1SO().  in  the  United  States,  and  resumed 
his  work  in  Xew  Brunswick.  In  IS  10  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Upper  Granville, 
Xt.iva  Scotia,  and  so  continued  to  the  end  :  evan 
gelized,  however,  very  extensively  in  Eastern  Xova 
Scotia:  was,  in  1S2S,  the  means  of  a  powerful  re 
vival  at  Aylesford.  He  died  at  St.  Andrew's.  Xew 
Brunswick.  Dec.  7.  1S31,  in  the  zenith  of  his  power 
and  usefulness  as  a  minister  of  Christ,  especially 
owned  and  blessed  of  heaven. 

Aitchison,  John  Young,  D.D.,  the  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Eau  Claire,  Wis.  He  was  born 
in  Berwickshire,  Scotland,  July  5,  1S24.  lie  was 
educated  in  Glasgow  University,  and  he  was  or 
dained  at  Paisley,  Scotland,  in  1840.  lie  began 
his  work  in  the  ministry  at  Glasgow  the  same  year. 
He  has  had  successful  pastorates  in  Brooklyn. 
X.  Y.,  Waukesha.  Wis.,  Cedar  Rapids  and  Clin 
ton.  Iowa  ;  and  he  lias  been  twice  settled  at  Eau 
Claire.  AVis.,  his  present  field  of  labor.  He  re 
ceived  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D..  from  the  Cen 
tral  University  of  Iowa,  in  1S7S.  His  literary 
attainments  are  of  a  high  order.  lie  occasionally 
speaks  from  the  platform  as  a  lecturer,  with  great 
acceptance. 

ALA  ISAM  A    BAPTISTS. 

Alabama, — ''  Here  IL-C  rest,"  the  Indian  significa 
tion  of  the  word.  It  is  reasonably  assumed  that 
this  region  was  visited  by  Ferdinand  de  Soto  in 
1539.  It  was  originally  part  of  what  is  known  in 
the  history  of  our  country  as  Mississippi  Territory. 
Some  settlements  were  made  in  that  portion  of  the 
territory  now  embraced  in  the  State  of  Mississippi 
before  the  American  Revolution  ;  but  Alabama 
continued  the  undisturbed  hunting-ground  of  sav 


age  aborigines  until  a  much  later  period.  At  the 
end  of  the  struggle  for  American  independence 
Georgia  claimed  this  vast  region,  and  exercised 
jurisdiction  over  it  as  her  ''Western  Territory.'' 
In  ISO!)  it  was  erected  into  a  territorial  government. 
In  1S02  Georgia  ceded  to  the  United  States  all  her 
western  territory  for  §1,250.000.  In  1S17  the  terri 
tory  was  divided,  and  the  western  portion  was  au 
thorized  by  Congress  to  form  a  constitution,  and  it 
became  the  State  of  Mississippi.  The  eastern  por 
tion  was  then  formed  into  a  Territory,  and  received 
the  name  Alabama.  In  July,  1SH),  a  convention 
of  delegates  assembled  in  Iluntsville  and  adopted 
a  State  constitution,  which  being  approved  by 
Congress  the  December  following,  the  State  of 
Alabama  was  admitted  as  a  member  of  the  Xa- 
tional  Union,  thenceforth  to  stand,  alphabetically, 
at  the  head  of  the  sacred  roll  of  the  United  States. 
As  the  vast  domain  of  the  united  and  independent 
States,  protected  by  our  national  banner,  is  the 
land  of  the  free  and  the  home  of  the  oppressed, 
where'  the  weary  of  every  land  come  and  find  civil 
and  ecclesiastical  '•  rest,''  so  Alabama,  whether  by 
accident  or  by  Providence,  was  the  right  name  to 
be  placed  at  the  head  of  this  "  more  perfect  union.'' 
Alabama  Baptists,  History  of.— That  part  of 
this  State  which  lies  north  of  the  Tennessee  River, 
generally  known  as  "  North  Alabama."  a  beautiful 
and  fertile  -country,  was  settled  many  years  before 
any  other  considerable  section  of  the  State.  Madi 
son  County  of  that  region  was  the  first  to  receive 
the  civilization  of  thrifty  settlements,  and  in  the 
first  settling  of  that  county  there  were  some  Bap 
tists.  John  Canterbery  and  Xadock  Baker  were 
the  first  Baptist  ministers  who  labored  in  this  wil 
derness,  and  Elder  John  Xicholson  was  the  first 
pastor  of  the  first  church  in  the  State,  or,  rather, 
in  the  Territory. — the  old  Flint  River  church,  a  few 
miles  northeast  of  Iluntsville,  in  Madison  County, 
which  was  organized  at  the  house  of  James  Deaton, 
on  the  2d  of  October,  1SOS.  by  twelve  persons. 
The  beauty  of  the  country,  the  fertility  of  the  soil. 
the  excellent  springs  of  water,  the  ease  with  which 
partial  land-titles  were  procured,  combined  with 
many  other  influences,  soon  drew  a  large  popula 
tion  into  this  region,  and  in  the  course  of  a  few 
years  a  number  of  Baptist  churches  were  formed. 
Worldly  inducements  brought  ministers,  as  other 
men,  into  this  inviting  country,  some  of  whom  held 
elevated  positions  in  the  estimation  of  the  people, 
and  here  they  lived  and  labored  until  they  finished 
their  course.  Of  these  early  North  Alabama  min 
isters,  Elders  R.  Shackleford,  W.  Eddins,  and  Ben- 
net  Wood  seem  to  have  been  the  most  distinguished. 
About  the  same  time  Elders  Jeremiah  Tucker, 
George  Tucker,  John  Smith,  J.  C.  Latta,  and  J. 
Thompson  labored  in  the  same  region.  As  early 
as  the  26th  September,  1814,  the  first  Association 


ALABAMA 


15 


ALABAMA 


of  Alabama  Baptists  was  organized, — the  Flint 
River  Association.  At  first  some  of  its  churches 
were  from  Tennessee. 

About  the  year  1808  some  Baptists  were  found 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  Territory,  near  the 
Tombigbee  River,  in  Clarke  and  Washington 
Counties.  William  Cochran.  a  licensed  preacher 
from  Georgia,  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  in 
Clarke  County,  and  one  Mr.  Gorhain  the  first  in 
Washington  County.  Elder  -I.  Courtney  organized 
the  first  church  in  that  part  of  the  State  in  1810, — 
the  Bassott's  Creole  church,  the  second  in  the  Ter 
ritory.  It  has  for  many  years  been  connected  with 
the  Bethel  Association.  Elder  Joseph  McGee  set 
tled  in  the  same  region  shortly  after  the  planting 
of  this  church,  and  was  much  esteemed  as  a  min 
ister  of  Christ.  About  the  year  IS  15  the  tide  of 
emigration  began  to  tlow  into  South  and  West 
Alabama  from  almost  every  State  in  the  Union. 
With  this  ilood  of  emigrants  a  number  of  able, 
zealous,  and  indefatigable  preachers  came.  There 
is  an  account  of  one  family  from  South  Carolina 
who  furnished  to  Alabama  and  Mississippi  in  those 
early  times  eight  or  ten  ministers  of  our  faith. 
Many  of  the  preachers  for  the  first  forty  years  of 
the  history  of  Alabama  often  made  extended  evan 
gelistic  tours,  pushing  the  outposts  of  the  Re 
deemer's  kingdom  farther  and  farther;  and  in  these 
pioneering  labors  churches  were  planted  in  most  of 
the  new  settlements,  and  existing  churches  were 
confirmed  in  the  faith.  It  has  been  common  from 
the  first  for  one  minister  to  serve  at  the  same  time 
several  churches.  This  is  still  the  case.  As  a 
result  pastoral  work  has  been  very  imperfectly 
performed.  The  early  ministers  of  Alabama  gen 
erally  received  little  support  from  the  churches, — 
in  many  cases  nothing :  and  though  frequently 
they  were  in  straitened  circumstances,  they  were 
rich  in  faith,  and  many  of  them  mighty  in  the 
Scriptures,  and  rapid  and  enlarged  success  fol 
lowed  their  labors.  They  are  to  be  held  in  ever 
lasting  remembrance. 

In  1X20  there  were  about  50  Baptist  churches  in 
Alabama.  At  the  close  of  the  year  1821  there  were 
70,  and  2500  members.  In  1825  there  were  0  As 
sociations,  12X  churches,  70  ministers,  and  about 
5000  members.  In  1X33  there  were  130  ministers, 
250  churches,  11,408  members.  In  183(>  there  were 
333  churches,  188  ministers,  15.630  members.  In 
1840  there  were  30  Associations.  500  churches,  300 
ministers,  and  25.000  members,  4000  of  whom  were 
baptized  the  previous  year.  Mr.  Holcombe,  the 
historian,  says.  "  This  increase  is  without  a  parallel 
in  the  United  States,  and  perhaps  in  the  known 
world,  especially  in  modern  times."  In  the  years 
1838-39  extensive  revivals  were  experienced.  The 
churches  in  many  counties  of  the  State,  embracing 
all  Middle  Alabama,  received  the  power  of  the  Holy 


Ghost,  great  numbers  were  led  to  Christ,  and  many 
new  churches  were  planted.  Houses  for  the  wor 
ship  of  God  were  for  years  scarce  and  rude.  Large 
congregations  often  assembled  in  shady  groves  and 
anxiously  heard  the  gospel  from  the  lips  of  the  men 
of  God,  and  many  churches  were  organized  in  such 
bowers  and  in  private  residences,  and  under  bush- 
arbors.  About  the  year  1830  the  churches  beiran 
to  build  better  houses  of  worship  than  those  which 
had  before  existed  in  the  State,  and  many  of  them 
were  an  honor  to  the  religion  of  a  new  country. 

Between  the  years  1835  and  1840  the  Baptists 
of  Alabama  had  their  greatest  troubles  with  the 
anti- missionaries. — a  strong  party  who  arrayed 
themselves  against  all  missionary  and  benevolent 
enterprises,  and  against  ministerial  education.  The 
contest  was  fierce  and  evil-spirited.  One  by  one 
the  Associations  and  churches  divided  until  separa 
tion  occurred  in  most  of  them.  Five  Associations  split 
asunder  in  1839.  The  enemies  of  missions  declared 
non-fellowship,  and  were  the  seceding  parties.  The 
missionary  churches  have  been  blessed  with  pros 
perity.  Retrogression  has  constantly  marked  the 
movements  of  the  opponents  of  missions. 

Total  number  of  members  in  the  Baptist  churches 
of  the  State,  165,000. 

Alabama  Baptist  Convention. — The  Conven 
tion  was  formed  in  October.  1S23,  at  Salem  church, 
near  Greensborough,  chiefly  through  the  instru 
mental  ity  of  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Ranaldson,  who  came  into 
the  State  from  Louisiana,  and  afterwards  returned 
to  that  State.  At  the  organization  of  the  Conven 
tion  messengers  were  present  from  seven  missionary 
societies, — then  and  for  some  years  the  only  class 
of  bodies  that  sought  representation  ;  subsequently 
and  at  present  it  was  and  is  composed  of  messen 
gers  from  churches.  Associations,  and  missionary 
societies.  At  the  first  session  fifteen  ministers  were 
appointed  from  different  parts  of  the  State  to  spend 
all  the  time  practicable  as  domestic  missionaries. 
For  ten  years  the  Convention  devoted  its  energies 
to  the  cause  of  missionary  work  within  the  State, 
with  occasional  contributions  of  money  to  other 
objects.  State  missions  and  ministerial  education 
were  the  first  objects  of  this  Convention.  For  the 
first  fifteen  years  it  was  not  very  successful,  and 
had  to  contend  against  the  most  serious  hindrances 
that  an  extensive  and  fierce  anti-missionary  spirit 
could  engender  ;  a  number  of  the  strongest  of  our 
early  ministers  taking  that  side  of  the  great  effort 
questions  then  in  controversy,  they  hindered  the 
cause  very  much  ;  the  great  majority  of  the  minis 
ters  who  claimed  to  be  missionary  Baptists  were 
entirely  neutral  on  these  matters.  But  there  were 
some  giants  in  those  days. — noble  spirits  who  were 
every  way  worthy  of  their  high  calling  ;  men  who 
confronted  the  enemies  of  missions  and  every  other 
enemy,  and  laid  the  foundations  of  our  State  enter- 


ALABAMA 


16 


ALABAMA 


prises  deep  down  on  the  solid  rock.  Such  were 
Hosea  Holcombe,  Alexander  Travis,  J.  McLemore, 
I>.  \Vinbourne,  S.  Blythe,  C.  Crow,  A.  G.  McCrow, 
.).  Rvan.  and  a  number  oi'  otliers  who  might  ho 
gratefully  mentioned  here.  It  is  worthy  of  remark 
that  in  those  early  times  in  Alabama,  both  in  our 
Associations  and  in  the  Convention,  decided  union 
and  sympathy  of  feeling  were  manifested  toward 
"the  Baptist  (Jeneral  Convention  of  the  United 
States,"  and  handsome  sums  were  contributed  for 
foreign  missions,  and  especially  for  Dr.  Judson's 
Burmese  Bible.  The  benevolent  operations  of  the 
Convention  were  then  largely  carried  forward  by 
efficient  agents  who  were  appointed  by  the  body. 
It  was  at  the  tenth  session,  in  iS.jiJ.  at  Grant's 
Creek  church,  in  Tnskaloosa  County,  when  there 
were  only  four  delegates  present  except  those  from 
the  immediate  vicinity,  that  the  Convention  took 
steps  to  start  an  educational  institution. — the  Man 
ual  Labor  Seminary, — which,  after  absorbing  al 
most  the  entire;  attention  of  the  Convention,  was 
abandoned  in  about  live  years.  From  this  time 
onward  for  many  years  Revs.  B.  Manly.  J.  Hart- 
well,  D.  P.  Bestor,  and  J.  l[.  Do  Votee  were  the 
great  preachers  who  constantly  attended  the  Con 
vention,  and  their  superiors  have  never  been  banded 
together  in  any  Southern  Baptist  Convention  ;  and 
in  their  day  a  number  of  others,  scarcely  a  whit 
behind  them,  lived  in  Alabama,  and  regularly  met 
in  the  counsels  of  the  Convention.  And  besides 
these,  many  wealthy  planters,  intelligent  mer 
chants,  and  distinguished  lawyers  gave  the  meet 
ings  of  the  Convention  their  presence,  their  coun 
sels,  and  their  money.  This  happy  state  of  things 
continued  until  it  was  estopped  by  the  coming  in 
of  the  late  war  between  the  North  and  South. 
After  the  failure  of  the  Manual  Labor  School,  the 
Convention  returned  for  some  years  with  increased 
purpose  and  energy  to  the  work  of  State  evangeli 
zation,  and  to  assisting  young  men  to  obtain  an 
education  in  anv  school  that  they  might  enter  to 
make  preparation  for  the  ministry.  It  was  about 
the  year  1842  that  the  Convention  entered  on  the 
incipient  work  which  finally  resulted  in  the  estab 
lishment  of  Howard  College  and  the  Judson  Fe 
male  Institute.  After  the  organization  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and  the  location  of 
its  Domestic  Board  at  Marion,  Ala.,  the  Convention 
discontinued  the  work  of  State  evangelization,  ex 
cept  that  it  supported  the  work  as  carried  on  by 
the  General  Board  at  Marion.  Thenceforth  it  was 
an  important  part  of  the  State  Convention's  busi 
ness  to  foster  the  Boards  of  the  Southern  Conven 
tion.  This,  with  the  absorbing  attention  which  it 
gave  to  its  own  institutions  of  learning,  and  to 
the  Southern  Theological  Seminary,  comprised  its 
business  for  the  second  twenty  years  of  its  exist 
ence.  Howard  College  and  Judson  Institute  are 


the  property  of  the  Convention,  and  have  from  their 
beginning  occupied  very  much  of  its  deliberations 
and  liberality.  In  1S71  the  Convention  formed  a 
Sabbath-school  Board  as  a  sort  of  compromise  with 
those  who  were  contending  for  a  system  of  State 
Missions.  In  1S75  this  Board  was  changed  into  a 
State  Mission  Board.  In  these  directions  it  lias 
done  a  vast  work,  which  is  joyously  recognized  by 
the  brotherhood  of  the  State.  Through  this  pro 
visional  period  the  Board  was  located  in  Talladega, 
with  Rev.  -I.  •).  I>.  Rcnfroe.  D.D..as  President,  and 
Rev.  T.  C.  Boykin  as  Sabbath  school  Evangelist  f<>r 
the  first  eighteen  months:  after  which  the  Key.  T. 
M.  Bailev  became  Evangelist  and  Corresponding 
Secretary,  a  position  which  lie  still  holds  (1880), 
and  in  which  he  has  maintained  first-class  efficiency. 
At  the  session  of  this  year  the  location  of  the  Board 
was  changed  to  Selma,  because  a  more;  central 
place,  and  Rev.  \V.  C.  Cleveland.  D.D.,  became  its 
president.  This  Board  now  has  in  charge  the  en 
tire  mission  work  of  Alabama  Baptists  as  auxiliary 
to  the  (Jeneral  Boards,  with  an  effort  among  the 
colored  people,  the  work  of  col  portage,  and  raising 
funds  for  ministerial  education  ;  all  this  in  addition 
to  its  immediate  work  of  State  evangelization.  Its 
work  has  taken  a  strong  hold  on  the  hearts  i  ('Ala 
bama  Baptists.  During  the  year  1S7U-SO  it  had 
in  the  field  constantly  about  twenty  able  and  effi 
cient  evangelists.  The  Convention  of  Alabama 
has  again  become  a  very  able  body  of  Christian 
men;  with  a  powerful  ministry,  it  has  present  every 
vear  a  number  of  the  leading  merchants  and  farm 
ers,  and  some  of  the  most  distinguished  lawyers 
and  civilians  of  the  State,  and  never  fails  to  make 
a  first-class  impression  on  the  community  at  large. 
So  far  as  can  now  be  ascertained  the  following 
have  been  the  presidents  oi"  the  Convention:  Rev. 
Charles  Crow,  at  its  organization ;  Rev.  Daniel 
Brown,  Rev.  Lee  Compere,  Rev.  J.  Ryan,  Rev. 
Ilosea  Ilolcombe,  for  six  sessions  ;  Rev.  Jcsso  Hiirt- 
well,  for  five  sessions  :  Rev.  Thomas  Chilton,  for 
five  sessions;  Chief-Justice  AV.  P.  Chilton,  Rev,  II. 
Talbird,  D.D.,  for  five  sessions  :  Rev.  A.  (J.  McCiow, 
for  five  sessions:  Rev.  \V.  II.  Mclntosh,  U.D., 
Hon.  J.  L.  M.  Curry,  LL.D..  for  five  sessions,  Rev. 
S.  Henderson,  D.I).,  for  six  sessions  :  and  th&  Hon. 
Jon.  Haralson,  for  seven  sessions, — the  present  in 
cumbent. 

ALABAMA    BAPTIST    NEWSPAPERS. 

Alabama  Baptist.— In  the  year  1841,  Rev.  M. 
P.  Jewett  and  Rev.  J.  II.  Do  Votee  established  the 
old  Alabama  Baptist  in  Marion,  under  the  editorial 
management  of  Mr.  Jewett.  He  was  succeeded  as 
editor  by  Rev.  J.  M.  Breaker  and  Rev.  A.  W. 
Chambliss.  Dr.  Chambliss  filled  this  position  for 
several  years  with  rare  ability,  and  changed  the 
name  of  the  paper  to  that  of  Southwestern  Baptist. 


ALABAMA 


17 


ALABAMA 


In  1852  it  was  placed  under  the  editorship  of  Rev. 
S.  Henderson,  and  published  in  Montgomery  one 
year,  when  it  was  moved  to  Tuskegee,  where  Dr. 
Henderson  was  pastor,  and  issued  from  that  place 
until  the  close  of  the  late  war.  when  Dr.  Hender 
son,  by  Federal  authority,  was  placed  under  a 
twenty-thousand-dollar  bond  not  to  publish  it  again, 
— it  had  been  a  strong  secession  orpin.  This  bond 
led  to  its  consolidation  with  the  Christian  Index, 
of  Atlanta.  Ga.  From  time  to  time  Dr.  Henderson 
had  the  editorial  assistance  of  Rev.  Albert  Wil 
liams.  Rev.  -I.  M.  Watt,  Rev.  J.  E.  Dawson.  D.D., 
and  Llev.  II.  E.  Taliaferro,  the  latter  for  seven 
years.  It  was  a  paper  of  great  ability,  reached 
under  Dr.  Henderson  an  extensive  circulation,  and 
wielded  a  leading  influence.  After  it  was  merged 
into  the  Christian,  Index  that  paper  was  for  eight 
years  recognized  as  the  organ  of  Alabama  Baptists. 
But  it  could  not  be  made  to  subserve  the  wants  of 
the  denomination  in  the  State. 

Alabama  Baptist. — In  lS7:j-74  the  Convention 
of  Alabama,  by  its  Board  of  Directors,  started  the 
present  Alabama  Baptist  at  Marion,  with  Drs.  E. 
T.  Winkler.  J.  J.  D.  Renfroe,  H.  B.  Teague.  and 
D.  W.  Gwin  as  editors.  It  was  edited  gratuitously 
for  four  years.  In  1878  the  Convention  transferred 
the  paper  to  Dr.  Winkler  and  Rev.  J.  L.  West. 
Mr.  West  has  since  become  sole  proprietor,  with 
Drs.  Winkler  and  Renfroe  as  editors.  The  paper 
gives  universal  satisfaction  to  the  brotherhood,  and 
is  contributing  efficiently  to  the  development  and 
unification  of  the  Baptists  in  all  their  enterprises. 
It  now  issues  from  Selma. 

Baptist  Correspondent. — Fora  few  years  prior 
to  the  war  the  late  venerable  Dr.  W.  C.  Buck  and 
his  son,  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Buck,  published  in  Marion 
the  above-named  paper,  which  was  an  earnest  and 
vigorous  controversial  paper. 

Baptist  Pioneer. — A  spirited  paper  now  pub 
lished  in  Selma  for  colored  Baptists,  with  Rev.  W. 
II.  Me  Alpine  as  editor. 

Christian  Herald. — Published  soon  after  the 
war,  and  for  several  years  at  Tuskumbia,  with 
Rev.  Joseph  Shackelford,  D.D..  as  editor.  A  paper 
of  much  merit ;  had  it  been  published  south  of  the 
mountains  it  must  have  succeeded.  It  was  re 
moved  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  an  1  afterwards  merged 
into  the  Christian  Index. 

Southwestern  Baptist  Pioneer.— In  1834  the 
Rev.  William  Wood,  M.D.,  started  a  paper  of  the 
above  name  in  Jacksonville.  It  was  the  first  Bap 
tist  paper  in  the  State.  Published  only  a  year  or 
two.  In  1838  the  Rev.  George  F.  Heard  published 
a  Baptist  paper  in  Mobile  for  a  short  time. 

Alabama  Central  Female  College. —This  in 
stitution  is  located  in  the  city  of  Tuscaloosa,  and 
occupies  the  buildings  of  the  former  State  Capitol, 
which  are  singularly  well  adapted  to  their  present 


use,  and  are  worth  at  least  §150,000.  The  Baptists 
hold  a  lease  of  ninety-nine  years  on  this  property, 
with  no  other  obligation  than  to  keep  it  in  order 
and  maintain  a  female  school  in  it.  The  college 
has  now  existed  more  than  twenty-five  years,  and 
has  reached  a  high  reputation,  and  is  destined  to 
still  greater  prosperity.  >  Prof.  A.  K.  Yancey.  llie 
present  president  of  the  college,  is  giving  entire 
satisfaction  and  increasing  its  fame. 

Alabama,  Several  Educational  Enterprises 

of. — THE  TALLAUEGA  BAPTIST  MALE  HIGH  SCHOOL, 
erected  thirty  years  a'go  by  the  Coosa  River  Bap 
tist  Association  at  a  cost  of  S30.IHK).  Lost  by  in 
debtedness.  Now  a  Congregational  school  lor  col 
ored  people. 

MOTLTO.V  COLLEGE,  at  Moulton,  Ala.,  a  flourish 
ing  school  before  the  war.  It  is  not  prosperous 
now. 

TIIF.  BAPTIST  HIGH  SCHOOL,  at  Lafayette,  is  an 
old  and  good  institution. 

SOUTH  ALABAMA  FEMALE  INSTITTTE.  at  Green 
ville,  is  in  a  flourishing  condition,  with  Prof.  J.  M. 
Thigpen  for  president. 

MALE  HIGH  SCHOOL,  at  the  same  place,  is  also  in 
prosperity,  with  Prof.  (J.  W.  Thigpen  for  principal. 

THE  SOUTHEAST  ALABAMA  HIGH  SCHOOL  for  some 
years  did  well  under  the  control  of  the  late  Gen 
eral  Association  of  that  part  of  the  State,  but  has 
been  discontinued. 

Alabama  Colored  Baptists.— Before  their  lib 
eration  from  slavery  the  great  body  of  colored 
Baptists  in  this  State  held  church  membership  in 
the  same  churches  with  the  whites,  having  the 
same  pastor  and  worshiping  in  the  same  house. 
Nearly  all  houses  of  worship  had  an  apartment 
for  the  colored  people,  which  was  uniformly  well 
filled.  Where  they  were  numerous  they  had  a 
separate  service  in  the  afternoon  of  the  Sabbath, 
when  the  pastor  preached  to  them.  In  such  cases 
they  were  virtually  a  separate  church.  This  state 
of  things  continued  for  a  short  time  after  they  be 
came  free.  They  soon  began  to  show  a  disposition 
to  get  away  into  organizations  of  their  own,  and 
this  was  encouraged  by  the  whites.  Most  of  their 
churches  were  formed  and  their  officers  ordained 
by  white  pastors,  and  the  whites  assisted  them  to 
erect  houses  of  worship.  The  colored  people  have 
ever  had  a  strong  tendency  to  Baptist  sentiments. 

Convention. — Their  State  Convention  was  organ 
ized  Dec.  17,  18C>8.  There  were  32  churches  rep 
resented  and  60  delegates  present.  Churches  had 
then  been  constituted  in  all  the  leading  towns  and 
cities  in  the  State  ;  there  were  then  about  50  col 
ored  churches  in  Alabama,  but  there  had  as  yet 
been  no  Association  formed.  Steps  were  taken  by 
the  Convention  to  influence  the  organization  of  the 
churches  into  Associations,  and  by  the  session  in 
1875  there  were  about  20  Associations.  Churches 


ALBAXY 


IS 


ALBTGKXSKS 


were  then  forming  in  all  parts  of  the  State  where 
they  had  sufficient  numbers.  There  are  now  50 
Associations,  000  eliurclies,  and  TOO  ordained 
preachers,  with  a  great  many  licentiates,  and 
about  90.000  members.  They  own  S2.">(l.(  UK)  worth 
of  church  property,  and  school  property  in  Selina 
which  they  estimate  at  Si"). 0(11).  They  have  a 
"normal  and  theological  school"  in  that  citv  in  a 
flourishing  condition,  with  Rev.  Mr.  Woodsmall  as 
president.  In  locating  this  institution  they  pur 
chased  and  paid  for  the  Selina  Fair-*  iron  ml  with 
its  buildings,  at  a  cost  of  *.'!000.  It  is  valuable 
property  and  could  not  be  better  located.  It  is 
owned  and  managed  by  their  State  Convention. 
They  also  have  an  educational  association,  which 
meets  in  connection  with  the  Convention. 

Albany,  Emmanuel  Baptist  Church  of.— The 

noble  edilicc  of  the  Emmanuel  church  of  Albany. 
X.  Y.,  was  dedicated  to  the  worship  of  Almighty 
(!od  in  February,  IST1.  The  church  proper  is  I  10 
leet  deep  and  SI  feet  wide.  The  church  and  chapel 
together  are  15T  feet  deep.  The  chapel  is  1  10  feet 
deep  and  47  feet  wide.  The  spire  is  234  feet  hiu;h. 
The  church  seats  14(10  persons.  The  house  and  lot 
cost  $203,686,  and  no  debt  rests  upon  the  structure 
or  its  site. 

Albigenses,  The,  received  this  name  from  the 
town  of  Albi,  in  France,  in  and  around  which 
many  of  them  lived.  The  Albigenses  were  called 
Cuthari,  Paterines,  Publicans,  Paulicians.  Good 
Men,  Boo-  imiles,  and  they  were  known  by  other 
names.  They  were  not  \Yaldenses.  They  were 
Paulicians,  either  directly  from  the  East,  or  con 
verted  through  the  instrumentality  of  those  who 
came  from  the  earlier  homes  of  that  people. 

The  Paulicians  were  summoned  into  existence 
by  the  Spirit  of  God  about  A.D.  fitil).  Their  founder 
was  named  Constantine.  The  reading  of  a  Xcw  Tes 
tament,  left  him  by  a  stranger,  brought  him  to  the 
Saviour,  lie  soon  gathered  a  church,  and  his  con 
verts  speedily  collected  others.  Armenia  was  the 
scene  of  his  labors.  They  were  denounced  as 
Manicheans,  though  they  justly  denied  the  charge. 
They  increased  rapidly,  and  in  process  of  time 
persecution  scattered  them.  In  the  ninth  century 
many  of  them  were  in  Thrace,  Bulgaria,  and  Bos 
nia;  and,  later  still,  they  became  very  numerous 
in  these  new  fields,  especially  in  Bosnia.*  Indeed, 
such  a  host  had  they  become  that  in  1238  Coloman, 
the  brother  of  the  king  of  Hungary,  entered  Bos 
nia  to  destroy  the  heretics.  Gregory  IX.  congratu 
lated  him  upon  his  success,  but  lived  to  learn  that 
the  Bogomiles  were  still  a  multitude.  A  second 
crusade  led  to  further  butchery,  but  the  blood  of 
martyrs  was  still  the  seed  of  the  church,  and  they 
continued  a  powerful  body  until  the  conquest  of 

*  Evans's  Bosnia,  pp.  30,  ;J7,  42.     London,  1S7G. 


their  country  by  the  Turks,  in  14G3.  There  was 
direct  communication  between  these  Bogomiles  and 
the  Albigenses  in  France.  Matthew  Parisf  tells  us 
that  the  heretic  Albigenses  in  the  provinces  of  Bul 
garia.  Crotia,  and  Dalmatia  elected  Bartholomew 
as  their  pope,  that  Albigenses  came  to  him  from 
all  quarters  for  information  on  doubtful  matters, 
and  that  he  had  a  vicar  who  was  born  in  Carcas- 
sone.  and  who  lived  near  Thoulouse. 

At  an  early  period  the  Paulicians  entered  Italy 
and  established  powerful  communities,  especially 
in  Milan.  'I1  hey  spread  over  France.  Germany,  and 
other  countries.  In  the  eleventh  century  they  were 
to  be  found  in  almost  every  quarter  of  Europe. 
St.  Bernard,  in  the  twelfth  century,  says  of  them  : 
"  If  you  interrogate  them  about  their  faith  nothing 
can  be  more  Christian,  if  you  examine  into  their 
conversation  nothing  can  lie  more  blameless,  and 
what  they  say  they  confirm  by  their  deeds.  As 
for  what  regards  life  and  manners,  then*  attack  no 
one.  they  circumvent  no  one.  they  defraud  no  one." 
Reinerius  Saccho  belonged  to  the  Cathari  (not  the 
'U  aldenses.  he  was  never  a  member  of  that  com 
munity)  for  seventeen  years,  lie  was  afterwards 
a  Romish  inquisitor,  and  he  describes  his  old 
friends  and  the  Waldenses.  in  1254.  in  these  words: 
"  Heretics  are  distinguished  by  their  manners  and 
their  words,  for  they  are  sedate  and  modest  in 
their  manners.  They  have  no  pride  in  clothes,  for 
they  wear  such  as  are  neither  costly  nor  mean. 
They  do  not  carry  on  business  in  order  to  avoid 
falsehoods,  oaths,  and  frauds,  but  only  live  by  labor 
as  workmen.  Their  teachers  also  arc  shoemakers 
and  weavers.  They  do  not  multiply  riches,  but 
are  content  with  what  is  necessary,  and  they  are 
chaste,  especially  the  Leonists.  They  are  also  tem 
perate  in  meat  and  drink.  They  do  not  go  to  tav 
erns,  dances,  or  other  vanities.''  The  Leonists  were 
the  followers  of  Peter  Waldo,  of  Lyons,  the  Wal 
denses,  as  distinguished  from  his  own  old  sect,  the 
Albigenses.  Reiner  ins  then  proceeds  to  charire 
these  men  who  shun  business  to  avoid  falsehoods 
with  hypocrisy.  No  body  of  men  could  receive  a 
better  character  than  St.  Bernard  and  the  inquisitor 
give  these  enemies  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  and  no 
community  could  be  more  wickedly  abused  by  the 
same  men  than  these  identical  heretics.  For  some 
centuries  the  Albigenses  figure  universally  in  his 
tory  as  externally  the  purest  and  best  of  men.  and 
secretly  as  guilty  of  horrible  crimes,  such  as  the 
pagans  charged  upon  the  early  Christians. 

Reinerius  mentions  several  causes  for  the  spread 
of  heresy.  His  second  is  that  all  the  men  and 
women,  small  and  great,  day  and  night,  do  not  cease 
to  learn,  and  they  are  continually  engaged  in  teach 
ing  what  they  have  acquired  themselves.  His  third 

I  Matthew  Paris,  at  A.D.  1:2:23. 


EMMANUEL    H.VI'TIST    CHURCH,    ALBANY,    N.   Y. 


ALBIGENSES 


ALBIGENSES 


cause  for  tho  existence  and  spread  of  heresy  is  the 
translation  and  circulation  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments  into  the  vulgar  tongue.  These  thev 
learned  themselves  and  taught  to  others.  Reinerius* 
•was  acquainted  \viih  a  rustie  layman  who  repeated 
the  \vhnle  hook  of  -Job,  and  with  many  who  knew 
perfectly  the  entire  New  Testament.  lie  gives  an 
account  of  nianv  schools  of  the  heretics,  the  ex 
istence  of  which  he  learned  in  the  trials  of  the  In 
quisition.  Assuredly  these  friends  of  light  and  of 
a  Bible  circulated  everywhere  were  worthy  of  the 
curses  and  tortures  of  men  like  Ueinerius  and  lordly 
bigots  like  St.  Bernard.  In  a  council  held  at  Thou 
louse  in  \'2'2'J  the  Scriptures  in  the  language  of  tin- 
people  were  first  prohibited.  The  Aibigenses  sur 
viving  the  horrid  massacre  of  the  Pope's  murderous 
crusaders  were  forbidden  to  have  the  "  hooks  of  the 
Old  or  New  Testament,  unless  a  Psalter,  a  JtrrKHd'i/, 
and  a  liuxari/,  and  they  forbad'-  the  translation  in 
the  vulgar  tongue."  Xo  doubt  nianv  of  tlie  mem 
bers  of  the  council  supposed  that  the  Breviary  and 
Rosary  were  inspired  as  well  as  the  Psalter. 

Reinerius  gives  a  catalogue  of  the  doctrines  of 
the  Cathari,  which  corresponds  with  the  list  of 
heresies  charged  against  them  for  two  hundred 
years  before  he  wrote  by  popes,  bishops,  and  eccle 
siastical  gatherings,  the  substance  of  which  has 
no  claim  upon  our  credulity,  though  some  of  the 
forms  of  expression  may  have  been  used  by  certain 
of  these  venerable  worthies. 

Ileineriusf  says  that  the  Cathari  had  16  churches, 
the  church  of  the  Albanenses,  or  of  Sansano, 
of  Contorezo,  of  Bagnolcnses,  or  of  Bagnolo,  of 
Yincen/a.  or  of  the  Marquisate,  of  Florence,  of 
the  Valley  of  Spoleto.  of  France,  of  Thoulonse,  of 
Cahors.  of  Albi,  of  Sclavonia,  of  the  Latins  at  Con 
stantinople,  of  the  Greeks  in  the  same  city,  of 
Philadelphia,  of  Bulgaria,  and  of  Dugranicia.  He 
says,  "  They  all  derive  their  origin  from  the  two 
last."  That  is,  they  are  all  Paulicians,  originally 
from  Armenia.  lie  says  that  "  the  churches  num 
ber  4001)  Cathari,  of  both  sexes,  in  all  the  world, 
but  believers  innumerable."  By  churches  we  are 
to  understand  communities  of  the  Perfect,  devoted 
to  ministerial  and  missionary  labor.  The  Believers 
in  the  time  of  Reinerius  were  counted  by  millions. 

Upon  infant  baptism  the  Alhigenses  had  very 
decided  opinions.  A  council  J  held  in  Thoulouse  in 
111'.),  undoubtedly  referring  to  them,  condemns  and 
expels  from  the  church  of  God  those  who  put  on 
the  appearance  of  religion  and  condemned  the  sac 
rament  of  the  b'idy  and  the  blood  of  the  Lord  and 
the  baptism  of  childroi. 

At  a  meeting  of"  archbishops,  bishops,  and  other 
pious  men"  at  Thoulouse,  in  1176,  the  Albigeri- 

*  ttihlintlieca  T'atrnm,  torn.  iv.  p.  ii.,  foil.  740. 
t  Dii  Tin's  Kirlrs.  Hi.st.,  ii.  450.  Dublin. 
1  Dii  Pin,  ii.  392. 


ses  were  condemned  on  various  pretexts.  Roger  De 
llovedcn.§  a  learned  Englishman,  who  commenced 
to  write  his  "Annals"  in  11S9.  gives  a  lengthy  ac 
count  of  this  meeting.  lie  says  that  Gilbert,  bishop 
of  Lyons,  by  command  of  the  bishop  of  Albi  and 
his  assessors,  condemned  these  persons  as  heretics; 
and  the  third  reason,  according  to  Iloveden.  i^iven 
by  Gilbert  for  his  sentence  was  that  they  would  not 
save  children  bv  baptism.  lie  also  preserves  a 
"  Letter  of  Peter,  titular  of  St.  Chrvsogonus,  Car 
dinal.  Priest,  and  Legate  of  the  Apostolic  See," 
written  in  1178,  in  which,  speaking  of  the  Albi- 
genses,  he  says,  "Others  stoutlv  maintained  to 
their  faces  that  they  had  heard  from  them  that  bap 
tism  was  of  no  use  to  infants."  Collier||  gives  the 
meaning  of  Iloveden  correctly  when  he  represents 
him  as  stating,  in  reference  to  the  Albigenses, 
"  These  heretics  refused  to  own  infant  baptism.'' 
Evervinus,  in  a  letter  to  St.  Bernard,  speaking  evi 
dently  of  Albigenses,  in  Cologne,  in  1  147.  and  con 
sequently  before  the  conversion  of  Peter  Waldo, 
says,  "  They  do  not  believe  infant  baptism,  alleging 
that  place  of  the  gospel,  '  Whosoever  shall  believe 
and  be  baptized  shall  be  saved/  "  Eckbcrt,  in 
116H,  in  his  work  against  the  Cathari,  written  in 
thirteen  discourses,  says  in  the  first.  "  They  say 
that  baptism  profits  nothing  to  children  who  are 
baptized,  for  they  cannot  seek  baptism  by  them 
selves,  because  they  can  make  no  profession  of 
faith." 

The  Paulicians  received  their  name  because  they 
were  specially  the  disciples  of  the  Apostle  Paul. 
They  were  established  as  a  denomination  by  a  gift 
of  the  Scriptures  to  their  founder,  through  which 
he  received  Christ,  became  a  mighty  teacher,  and 
gathered  not  converts  simply,  but  churches. 

At  the  great  trial  in  Thoulouse  in  1176  they 
would  not  accept  anything  as  an  authority  but  the 
Xew  Testament.  Throughout  their  wide-spread 
fields  of  toil  from  Armenia  to  Britain,  and  from 
one  end  of  Europe  to  the  other,  and  throughout 
the  nine  hundred  years  of  their  heroic  sufferings 
and  astonishing  successes,  they  have  always  shown 
supreme  regard  for  the  Word  of  God.  If  these 
men,  coming  from  the  original  cradle  of  our  race, 
journeying  through  Thrace,  Bulgaria.  Bosnia, 
Italy.  France,  and  Germany,  and  visiting  even 
Britain,  were  not  Baptists,  they  were  very  like 
them. 

If  all  the  wicked  slanders  about  them  were  dis 
carded  it  would  most  probably  be  found  that  some 
of  them  had  little  in  common  with  us,  but  that  the 
majority,  while  redundant  and  deficient  in  some 
things  as  measured  by  Baptist  doctrines,  were  sub 
stantially  on  our  platform.  This  position  about 


ALBRITTON 


ALDTS 


the  Paulicians  of  the  East  is  ably  defended  by  Dr. 
L.  P.  Brockett  in  ';  The  Bogomils." 

Albritton,  Rev.  J.  T.,  was  born  in  Greene  Co., 
N.  0.,  -Ian.  20,  1830:  baptized  by  Rev.  -I.  I).  Coul- 
linir:  ordained  in  1850.  Is  an  able  and  useful 
minister  :  was,  and  is  now,  pastor  of  Selma  and 
other  churches. 

Alden,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Ashfield.  Mass.. 
Jan.  10,  1SOO.  and  was  a  graduate  of  Amherst  Col 
lege,  in  the  class  of  1S31.  He  took  a  course  of 
theological  study  at  Newton,  which  he  completed 
in  is:]:],  and  was  ordained  the  same  year  at  Shel- 
burne  Falls.  Ma*s..  where  he  remained  for  seven 
years, — from  1833  to  1840.  His  next  settlement 
was  at  North  Adams,  Mass,  lie  was  the  pastor 
of  the  church  in  this  place  for  five  years,  and  of 
the  church  at  Fawille  two  years.  In  1848  he  re 
moved  to  Westfield,  Mass.,  and  was  pastor  of  the 
church  there  five  years.  Subsequently  he  removed 
to  Windsor,  Yt.  For  several  years  he  was  an  agent 
of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  and 
of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society.  Mr. 
Alden  retired  from  active  service  some  years  since, 
and  now  resides  in  Providence,  11.  I. 

Alden,  Rev.  Noah,  was  born  in  Middleborough, 
Mass.,  May  30,  1725.  On  his  father's  side  he  Avas 
a  lineal  descendant  from  John  Alden,  famous  in 
the  earlv  annals  of  the  Pilgrims  of  Plymouth. 
Both  himself  and  wife  became  members  of  the 
Congregational  church  in  Stafford,  Conn.,  whither 
thevhad  removed,  lie  changed  his  sentiments  on 
the  mode  and  subjects  of  Christian  baptism  in  1753, 
and  became  a  member  of  a  Baptist  church.  Feel 
ing  it  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  was  or 
dained  at  Stafl'ord  on  the  5th  of  June,  1755.  and 
was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that  place  for 
ten  years.  In  1700  he  was  installed  as  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Bellingliam,  Mas*.,  where  his  minis 
try  was  attended  with  the  Divine  blessing. 

Mr.  Alden  was  active,  not  only  in  his  special  vo 
cation  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  lint  as  a  delegate 
from  Bellingliam  to  the  State  Convention  ;  he  did 
good  service  in  drafting  a  constitution  for  the  State 
of  Massachusetts,  pleading  especially  the  cause  of 
religious  liberty.  He  performed  also  other  accepta 
ble  service  as  a  public  man.  As  a  wise  counselor 
be  was  often  called  to  adjust  difficulties  in  churches, 
and  to  assist  in  the  examination  and  ordination  of 
candidates  for  the  Christian  ministry.  Mr.  Alden 
died  May  5,  17'.*7.  "  IFe  was,''  says  Dr.  A.  Fisher, 
"  for  many  years  one  of  our  most  distinguished  and 
honored  ministers,  and  his  name  deserves  to  be  held 
in  grateful  remembrance." 

Alden,  William  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Middle- 
borough,  Mass,  lie  graduated  at  Brown  Univer 
sity  in  the  class  of  1849,  and  at  the  Newton  Theo 
logical  Institute  in  the  class  of  1852.  lie  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in  North  Attlebor- 


ough,  Mass.,  where  lie  remained  from  1852  to 
1857.  lie  was  then  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Lowell,  officiating  there 
from  1857  to  1804.  For  four  years  he  was  pastor 
of  the  Tabernacle  church  in  Albany.  He  removed 
to  Portsmouth.  N.  II..  in  1808,  and  lias  been  the 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that  city  down  to 
the  present  time. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
on  Dr.  Alden  by  Colby  University  in  1873. 

Alderson,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  New  Jersey, 
March  5,  1738,  and  was  the  first  Baptist  minister 
that  visited  the  southern  part  of  West  Virginia. 
As  early  as  1777  lie  settled  on  Greenbrier  River, 
in  Greenbrier  County,  near  the  present  site  of  the 
town  of  Alderson.  Owing  to  the  hostility  of  the 
Indians,  he  and  his  neighbors  were  compelled,  at 
times,  to  take  shelter  in  a  fort  on  Wolf  (.'reek,  and 
much  of  the  time  he  followed  the  plow  with  his 
rifle  swinging  by  his  side,  lie  commenced  preach 
ing  in  the  forts,  and  in  the  houses  of  the  settlers. 
In  1781  the  Greenbrier  church  was  organized  with 
12  members,  and  as  this  was  the  fourth  church 
in  what  is  no\v  the  State  of  West  Virginia,  its  field 
included  a  large  portion  of  the  State.  Mr.  Aider- 
son  labored  as  a  minister  for  seven  years  without 
seeing  another  Baptist  preacher.  Though  he  lived 
at  this  early  day.  and  comparatively  isolated  in  his 
home,  he  was  an  enthusiastic  missionary,  doing 
much  personal  work,  and  urging  his  brethren  to 
spread  the  gospel  over  the  State.  He  was  mighty 
in  the  Scriptures,  a  good  preacher,  a  wise  counselor, 
and  an  untiring  worker,  lie  died  March  5,  1821, 
at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty-three  years,  in  great 
peace,  and  his  bodv  now  sleeps  in  the  cemetery  ad 
joining  the  Greenbrier  church.  His  influence  lives 
among  his  descendants  and  others  to-day. 

AldlS,  John,  one  of  the  most  eminent  English 
preachers  of  the  present  time,  but  now  retired  from 
stated  ministerial  service,  studied  at  Horton  Col 
lege.  Bradford,  and  commenced  his  ministry  at 
Manchester  in  1S2'J.  During  his  first  pastorate  he 
established  his  reputation  as  a  pulpit  orator  of 
rare  a'ifts.  and  attracted  a  large  circle  of  cultivated 
hearers.  After  seven  years'  pastoral  service  at 
Manchester,  he  was  invited  to  take  the  oversight 
of  the  church  at  Ma/e  Pond.  London,  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  influential  Baptist  churches  of  the 
metropolis.  Here  Mr.  Aldis  labored  with  distin 
guished  ability  and  success  seventeen  years,  and 
then  removed  to  Reading.  At  the  close  of  fifteen 
years'  ministry  at  Reading,  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  church  at  Plymouth,  where  he  labored  for 
nearly  eight  years,  closing  an  active  life  of  upwards 
of  forty-seven  years  of  uninterrupted  public  service 
in  May.  1877.  During  this  long  period  Mr.  Aldis 
enjoyed  almost  unbroken  health,  and  was  abundant 
in  labors.  His  chastened  and  vigorous  eloquence, 


ALDRICH 


his  high  culture,  und  generous  public  spirit  curly 
placed  him  in  the  first  rank  of  the  loaders  of  the 
denomination.  He  was  president  of  the  Baptist 
Union  in  1X00.  Three  of  his  sons  have  distin 
guished  themselves  at  Cambridge  University,  the 
.  eldest,  Mr.  William  Steadman  Aldis,  being  senior 
wrangler  in  iStil.  This  was  the  first  time  in  the 
history  of  the  university  that  a  non-conformist  stu 
dent  had  won  the  honor.  Mr.  W.  S.  Aldis's  suc 
cess,  and  his  subsequent  steadfast  adhesion  to  Bap 
tist  principles  (which  involved  the  forfeiture  of  the 
valuable  prizes  bestowed  upon  a  senior  wrangler), 
largely  contributed  to  the  abolition  of  religious  tests 
in  the  universities,  and  the  opening  of  the  college 
fellowships  and  other  lucrative  honors  to  non-con 
formists  as  well  as  to  the  members  of  the  Estab 
lished  Church. 

Aldrich,  Rev.  Byron  L.,  born  in  Thompson. 
Conn.,  in  1X4'.),  received  a  thorough  education,  be 
came  a  fine  linguist,  a  master  of  seven  lanii'ua^es. 
graduated  at  Chicago  University  in  1x73,  entered 
the  ministry,  and  located  in  California,  where  he 
became  pastor  of  the  Fifth  church,  San  Francisco, 
the  Xapa,  and  Xevada  City  churches.  lie  is  a 
preacher  of  much  ability,  hut  his  thorough  classi 
cal  training  fitted  him  for  the  duties  of  instructor. 
He  held  for  some  time  an  important  position  in  one 
of  the  Sari  Francisco  high  schools,  and  was  two 
years  Professor  of  Modern  Languages  in  California 
College.  He  is  now  pastor  at  Nevada  City. 

Aldrich,  Rev.  Jonathan,  was  born  at  St.  Johns- 
bury,  Vt.,  Sept.  2,  17UU.  He  pursued  his  prepara 
tory  studies  at  Peacham,  Vt.,  and  with  his  uncle, 
Rev.  Dr.  Abial  Fisher,  then  residing  in  Bellingham, 
Mass.  So  far  was  he  advanced  in  his  studies  that 
he  was  able  to  enter  the  Sophomore  class  in  Brown 
University  in  1X23.  He  graduated  in  1X20,  and 
having  spent  a  year  in  theological  study  at  Xewton. 
he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
West  Dedham,  in  .January,  1X2^.  .Subsequently, 
he  had  short  pastorates  in  East  Cambridge,  Mass.. 
Worcester,  Mass.,  Newburyp  >rt.  Mass..  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  Middleborough. 
Mass.  In  1X53  he  was  appointed  an  agent  by  the 
Missionary  Union  to  collect  funds  for  foreign  mis 
sions.  He  continued  in  the  employ  of  the  society 
until  his  death,  a  period  of  about  nine  years.  lie 
was  a  settled  pastor  for  twenty-five  years,  and  was 
highly  esteemed  as  an  active,  zealous  worker  in  the 
cause  of  his  Master.  His  death  occurred  on  Jan. 
11).  1X02. 

Allen,  Hon.  Alanson,  was  born  in  Bristol.  Vt., 
Aug.  22,  1800.  He  lived  twenty  years  after  cher 
ishing  a  hope  in  Christ  before  he  made  a  public  pro 
fession  of  his  faith  in  the  Redeemer.  After  residing 
some  years  in  Bristol,  he  removed  to  Hartford. 
X.  Y.,  where  he  remained  eight  years  engaged  in 
mercantile  business.  In  1S3G  he  went  to  Fair 


Haven,  Vt.,  which  was  his  home  through  the  rest 
of  his  life.  Commencing  business  in  a  somewhat 
humble  way.  he  went  on  year  after  year  enlarging 


I.O.N.   ALA.N.SON    ALLEN. 

his  operations,  making  a  specialty  of  quarrying  the 
slate  of  the  region  in  which  he  lived,  which,  under 
the  different  forms  of  roofing  and  school  slate,  found 
its  way  into  the  markets  of  the  country.  lie  then 
went  into  the  marble  business,  and  developed  the 
famous  quarries  of  West  Rutland,  Vt.  After  some 
years  he  retired  from  the  marble  business  and  again 
resumed  his  old  occupation  of  slate-quarrying. 

Mr.  Allen,  from  intelligent  conviction,  was  a  de 
cided  Baptist,  and  took  the  liveliest  interest  in  all 
matters  pertaining  to  the  prosperity  of  his  denom 
ination.  He  was  frequently  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  the  State  Convention,  and  everywhere  recognized 
in  Vermont  as  a  firm  and  liberal  Baptist.  AN  might 
be  supposed,  he  was  a  friend  to  all  good  causes. 
The  prosperity  of  the  town  in  which  he  lived  was 
largely  due  to  his  enterprise.  He  was  a  public- 
spirited  citizen,  ready  to  second  any  plan  devised 
for  its  welfare.  Twice  he  was  a  member  of  the 
State  Senate,  two  years  each  time.  He  was  also 
assistant  judge  for  a  time,  and  one  of  the  State's 
Presidential  electors  for  President  (Jrant's  second 
term.  His  death  occurred  Sept.  5,  1X7X. 

Allen,  Rev.  Hogan,  missionary  of  the  General 
Association  of  Southeast  Arkansas,  was  born  in 
Xorth  Carolina  in  1X29  :  came  to  Arkansas  in  1X51  ; 
united  with  the  Methodists,  and  was  a  preacher  in 
that  connection  from  1X.">X  to  1X01.  He  then  united 
with  the  Baptists,  and  was  at  once  licensed,  and 
ordained  the  following  year.  His  labors  have  been 


ALLEN 


23 


ALLISON 


chiefly  confined  to  Ashley  and  Drew  Counties,  Ark., 
and  he  has  served  the  following  churches  :  Flat 
Creek,  seven  years ;  Mount  Olive,  fourteen  years  ; 
Promised  Land,  seven  years;  Fellowship,  ten 
years;  Mount  Zion,  six  years;  and  Beulah,  Xew 
Prospect,  Poplar  Bluff,  Egypt,  Gilgal,  and  other 
churches  a  part  of  the  time. 

Allen,  Rev.  Marvin,  whose  name  was  once  fa 
miliar  to  all  Michigan  Baptists,  was  born  in  Fab:  us. 
X.  Y.,  Nov.  1,  1800.  He  graduated  from  Hamilton 
in  one  of  the  earlier  classes,  and  labored  ten  years 
in  Williamson  and  Canandaigua.  lie  was  called 
to  Adrian  in  1837,  and  in  1844  became  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Ann  Arbor.  Failing  health  inter 
fered  with  his  ministerial  labors,  but  his  ardent 
zeal  for  the  cause  of  Christ,  not  allowing  him  to 
rest,  urged  him  on  to  the  work  of  the  denomination 
at  large.  lie  became  general  agent  of  the  Conven 
tion,  and  as  such  was  very  useful  in  organizing  its 
different  departments  of  work  and  in  systematizing 
the  contributions  of  the  churches  and  stimulating 
them  to  further  efforts.  From  1S4S  until  his  death, 
in  1801,  he  was  the  publisher  of  the  Michigan 
Christian  Herald.  lie  was  an  untiring  worker 
throughout  the  entire  State,  and  became  an  almost 
indispensable  part  of  all  denominational  gatherings. 
As  a  man  of  business  his  character  was  untarnished, 
and  he  fulfilled  all  the  trusts  committed  to  his  care 
without  leaving  a  stain  upon  his  name. 

Allen,  Rev.  Orsemus,  was  born  at  Westfield, 
Mass.,  in  1804.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  was  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Westfield  Baptist  church. 
After  graduating  from  Hamilton  Literary  and  The 
ological  Institution,  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Seneca  Falls,  X.  Y.,  where  he  remained 
four  years.  After  a  short  interval  took  charge  of 
the  church  at  Bristol,  Conn.,  where  he  continued 
many  years.  Forced  by  ill  health  from  the  min 
istry,  he  removed  about  1845  to  Ohio,  where  he 
engaged  in  business.  For  twenty-two  years  was 
treasurer  of  the  Ohio  Baptist  State  Convention. 
and  in  this  position  won  the  confidence  and  affec 
tion  of  his  brethren  throughout  the  entire  State. 
Died  in  Columbus,  0.,  May  19,  1870. 

Allen,  Rev.  William  B.,  for  twenty-seven  years 
moderator  of  the  Eastern  Louisiana  Association, 
was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  180'J,  and  began  to 
preach  at  the  age  of  twenty.  Shortly  after  he  re 
moved  to  Eastern  Louisiana  and  settled  in  Living 
ston  Parish,  where  he  has  successfully  labored 
until  the  present  time,  having  served  one  church 
more  than  forty  years. 

Alexander,  Charles,  M.D.,  a  prominent  phy 
sician  of  Eau  Claire.  Wis.,  was  born  at  Pittston, 
Me.,  April  28,  1824.  He  was  deprived  of  his  father 
and  mother  in  his  childhood,  and  at  the  age  of  five 
years  he  was  placed  in  the  family  of  llufus  Allen, 
of  Farmington,  Me.,  which  became  his  home  until 


seventeen  years  of  age.  Being  thrown  entirely 
upon  his  own  resources  he  had  a  sharp  struggle  in 
the  school  of  adversity;  and  yet,  overcoming  all 
obstacles,  he  completed  courses  of  study  in  the 
academies  at  Yarmouth  and  Farmington,  Me.,  and 
fitted  himself  for  the  Sophomore  class  in  Bowdoin 
College.  In  1845  he  began  the  study  of  medicine 
with  Dr.  W.  II.  Allen,  of  Orono,  Penobscot  Co. 
He  attended  lectures  at  the  Medical  Department 
of  Harvard  University,  Jefferson  Medical  College, 
Philadelphia,  and  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
University  of  New  York,  from  which  he  received 
his  diploma  March  8,  1850.  Dr.  Alexander  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession  at  Orono.  where  he 
remained  eight  years.  He  entered  the  army  as 
surgeon  of  the  10th  Regiment  Maine  Volunteers, 
and  remained  in  the  service  until  the  close  of  the 
At  Gettysburg  he  was  wounded  and  taken 


prisoner.  He  was  twice  promoted  for  distinguished 
services.  In  September.  I860,  he  removed  from 
his  native  State  to  Wisconsin,  and  settled  at  Eau 
Claire,  which  has  since  been  his  home.  He  has 
an  extensive  practice. 

For  many  years  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  Church.  He  is  the  senior  deacon  in  the 
Baptist  church  of  Eau  Claire,  and  superintendent 
of  the  Sunday-school,  lie  is  a  popular  lecturer  on 
geology  and  chemistry,  of  which  sciences  he  has  a 
thorough  knowledge.  He  is  often  heard  with  great 
favor  on  the  subject  of  temperance,  always  bring 
ing  to  its  treatment  his  knowledge  of  its  relation 
to  science. 

Alexander,  Rev.  Lewis  D.,  was  born  in  Wilkes 
Co.,  N.  C.,  Sept.  17,  17(J9.  lie  emigrated  with  his 
parents  to  Scott  Co.,  Ky..  in  1803  ;  was  converted 
;  and  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  Stamping- 
Ground  church  by  James  Suggett  in  1823.  After 
exercising  profitably  his  gift  as  an  exhorter  two  or 
three  years,  he  settled  in  Owen  Co.,  Ky.,  in  1835; 
was  ordained  at  Xew  Liberty  church  in  March, 
1830,  and  became  its  pastor  in  1838.  His  preach 
ing  gifts  were  extraordinary,  and  no  minister  in 
Concord  Association,  of  which  he  was  a  member, 
ever  exercised  a  stronger  or  more  beneficial  influ 
ence.  He  baptized  about  2000  persons,  and  was 
moderator  of  Concord  Association  twenty-two  years. 
He  died  Dec.  20.  1802. 

Allison,  Burgiss,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Borden- 
town,  X.  •)..  Aug.  17,  1753.  He  was  converted 
young,  and  became  a  member  of  the  Upper  Free 
hold  church,  in  his  native  State.  From  sixteen 
years  of  ago  he  had  a  strong  desire  to  preach  the 
irospel,  and  he  carried  out  this  call  of  God  in 
Bordentown  for  several  years  on  Sunday  evenings. 
He  studied  for  the  ministry  under  Dr.  Samuel 
Jones,  of  Lower  Dublin,  Pa.,  and  in  Rhode  Island 
College.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  of 
Bordentown,  over  which  he  presided  for  many 


24 


AMBROSE 


years,  and  in  which  ho  always  cherished  a  fatherly 
interest. 

Dr.  Allison  possessed  an  intellect  of  a  hi^h 
order,  and  a  culture  seldom  enjoyed  in  his  day. 
Senator  Horatio  Gates  .Jones  says,  ••  He  occupied 
a  high  position  among  the  most  scientific  men  of 
hi-;  day  :  lit1  was  devoted  to  such  pursuits  and  to 
philosophical  inquiries;  he  became  deeply  inter 
ested  in  the  proposed  propulsion  of  boats  by 
steam.'1  The  celebrated  Morgan  Kd  wards  says  of 
him,  "  He  is  as  remarkable  a  mechanic  as  he  is  an 
artist  and  philosopher;  the  lathe,  the  plane,  the 
hammer,  the  chisel,  the  graver,  etc.,  have  displayed 
his  skill  in  the  use  of  tools.  His  accomplishments 
have  made  him  a  member  of  our  [the  American  ] 
Philosophical  Society/' 

Dr.  Allison  was  acquainted  with  the  French, 
Spanish,  and  Portuguese,  as  well  as  with  the  dead 
languages.  lie  was  skilled  in  music,  drawing,  and 
painting,  and  in  praying,  preaching  -Jesus,  and 
walking  humbly  with  his  God. 

lie  was  a  chaplain  to  Congress  for  a  time,  and 
afterwards  at  the  navy-yard  in  Washington,  where 
he  died  Feb.  20,  1S27. 

Almira  College.— This  excellent  school,  merely 
founded  with  a  view  to  the  promotion  of  both  edu 
cation  and  general  culture  in  Southern  Illinois, 
was  the  result  of  a  visit  made  to  Greenville.  111., 
in  1S54,  by  Prof.  John  B.  White,  then  of  Wake 
Forest  College,  in  North  Carolina.  It  was  founded 
as  a  college  for  young  ladies.  The  gift  of  SiiO(K) 
towards  its  endowment  by  Mrs.  Morse,  wife,  of 
Prof.  Morse,  an  old  friend  and  college  associate 
of  Prof.  White,  and  visiting  in  Greenville,  led  to 
the  naming  of  the  college  for  this  generous  ladv. 
Hence  its  name, — Almira  College.  The  citi/ens 
of  Greenville  and  Bond  County  entered  with  much 
zeal  into  the  enterprise,  and  a  handsome  and  com 
modious  building  was  soon  erected  upon  a  beauti 
ful  site  near  the  town.  The  cost  of  the  building  | 
was  S2(),()()().  It  is  three  stories  in  height,  146  feet  j 
long  and  4l>  wide.  Prof.  White  was  made  presi-  : 
(lent  of  the  new  college,  and  has  remained  so  during 
its  entire  history,  with  the  exception  of  an  interval 
spent  as  chaplain  in  the  army  durin»-  the  war. 
Like  all  Western  schools.  Almira  College  has  had 
to  contend  with  many  financial  embarrassments, 
but  has  during  its  entire  history  maintained  a  very 

high  rank   as   a  school   of   instruction   for   youn<>- 

j        in 
women. 

Alston,  Rev.  John,  was  born  a  slave  in  the 
State  of  South  Carolina,  and  was  emancipated  by 
the  results  of  the  late  war  after  his  removal  to 
Florida,  He  resides  at  Fernandina,  where  he  has 
built  up  a  large,  well -disciplined  church,  over 
which  he  presides  as  a  much-respected  bishop. 
The  church  lias  several  mission  stations,  which  are 
under  his  special  supervision,  and  they  have  built 


and  nearly  finished  a  large  and  beautiful  house  of 
'  worship  in  the  Gothic  style.  The  work  has  been 
|  done  under  the  pastor's  direction,  and  some  of  it 
j  by  his  own  hands. 

Mr.  Alston  went  to  Xew  York  and  solicited  aid 

to  build  the  house.     For  some  time  he  was  assisted 

by  the  Home  Mission  Society  while  the  church  was 

j  weak.      He  is  a  prominent  man   in  his  Association 

!  and  in  the  State.     As  a  speaker  he  is  dignified  and 

calm,  and   he  uses  very  good  language.     lie  reads 

much,  and  his  memory  is  retentive. 

Mr.  Alston  is  a  thorough  and  an  intelligent 
Baptist,  and  is  remarkably  well  informed  in  the 
•'  faith  and  order"  of  his  denomination.  lie  is  quick 
to  discern  any  innovations  among  his  colored  breth 
ren,  to  whom  his  counsels  are  of  great  value. 

Ambler,  Rev.  I.  V.,  was  born  in  Saratoga  Co., 
X.  Y.,  in  1814.  He  graduated  at  Madison  Uni 
versity;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
of  Lanesborough,  Mass..  in  which  he  labored  for 
eight  years  during  his  first  settlement,  and  to  which 
he  returned  after  a  two  years'  absence  for  a  second 
period  of  nine  years.  After  serving  the  American 
and  Foreign  Bible  Society  arid  the  American  Bap 
tist  Home  Mission  Society  as  ••agent,1'  he  became 
district  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Mis 
sionary  Union  for  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Xew 
Jersey,  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  lie  dis 
charged  the  duties  of  this  laborious  office  with  great 
fidelity,  wisdom,  and  courtesy  for  eleven  years, 
knitting  the  hearts  of  the  pastors  and  church  mem 
bers  to  himself  to  an  extent  never  surpassed,  and 
seldom  equaled,  by  the  brethren  who  hold  such 
difficult  positions.  The  writer  became  acquainted 
with  Mr.  Ambler  twenty-four  years  before  his 
death,  was  never  under  any  obligation  to  him. 
knew  him  intimately,  and  was  constrained  to  re 
gard  him  as  one  of  the  best  Christian  men  and 
most  efficient  secretaries  he  has  ever  known.  lie 
had  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at  Media,  Pa., 
and  was  in  Pittsfieid,  Mass.,  preparing  for  removal 
to  his  new  field,  when  he  was  called  to  the  skies. 
He  was  sixty-four  years  of  age.  His  death  occa 
sioned  wide-spread  irrief. 

Ambrose,  Rev.  J.  E.,  one  of  the  pioneer  Bap 
tist  ministers  of  Illinois,  was  born  in  Sutton.  X.  IT., 
July  5.  1810.  and  born  again  at  Rochester,  X.  Y., 
in  I8iT).  and  baptized  there  in  May  of  that  year 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  By 
that  church  he  was  licensed  to  preach  at  twenty 
years  of  age.  In  1834.  under  appointment  of  the 
Home  Mission  Society,  he  removed  to  Illinois,  and 
began  labor  in  the  northern  part  of  that  State. 
He  was  the  first  pastor  of  the  churches  of  Iladley, 
Plainfield.  Batavia,  and  St.  Charles.  In  1838  he 
was  called  to  Elgiii  ;  and  in  all  these  places  he  was 
a  laborious  and  successful  missionary.  In  1838  ho 
became  connected  with  the  Northwestern  Baptist, 


AMERICAS' 

a  semi-monthly,  and  subsequently  with  the  Western 
Christian,  published  at  KIgin,  issuing  the  latter 
paper,  as  its  publisher,  some  live  years.  This  was 
the  beginning  of  journalism  in  Northern  Illinois. 
Mr.  Ambrose  has  been  a  resident  of  Illinois  nearly 
forty  years.  His  home  is  now  in  California. 

American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society. — This 
society  was  organized  in  1837  with  Rev.  Dr.  Spencer 
II.  Cone.  President;   Charles  G.   Sommers,  Corre-  i 
spending  Secretary;    William  Colgate,  Treasurer;  | 
•John  West.  Recording  Secretary  :  and  with  thirty-  j 
one  Vice-Presidents.     The  occasion  of  its  organi-  i 
zation  was  the  refusal  of  the   American    Bible  So 
ciety    to   appropriate   funds   for    the  printing   and 
circulation  of  the  translations  made  by  the  Baptist 
missionaries  in  India,  in  which  the  words  relating 
to  baptism  were  rendered   by   those  equivalent   to 
immersion.     Its  first  annual  meeting  was   held  in 
Oliver  Street  Baptist  church.    There  were  delegates 
from  fifteen  States,  and  much  enthusiasm  prevailed.  • 
Tlie  treasurer  reported  contributions  amounting  to  ' 
:?38,714.14.      Ninety-eight  auxiliaries  were  added 
to  it  during  the  year.      In  its  first  report  it  recorded 
the  names  of  1)2  life-directors  and  420  life-members, 
the  former  obtained   by  the  payment  of  Si  00,  the 
latter  by  $30  each.      Appropriations   were  made  to  j 
aid  in   printing  and   circulating  the  Scriptures  in  | 
various  languages  and  dialects  of  the  East. 

The  society    made  rapid  progress,   as   with    few 
exceptions  all  the   Baptists  of  America  united  in 
its  support.      At  the  annual  meeting  in  May.  1850,  \ 
n  majority  of  the  Board  of  Managers  recommended  I 
the  society  to  engage  in  the  revision  of  the  English  | 
Scriptures.    The  recommendation  of  the  Board  was 
rejected,  and  the  action  resulted  in  the  organization 
of  the  American  Bible  Union,  and   the  withdrawal 
of  many  of  the  supporters  of  the  society.      I'p  to 
this  time  it  had  received  and  disbursed  upwards  of 
S4 1  1 ,000. 

In  1852  the  project  of  building  a  Bible  House  in 
Nassau  Street,  New  York,  was  started  by  friends 
of  the  society,  and  in  1858  the  work  was  accom 
plished,  and  a  large  marble  building  was  presented 
to  the  society,  for  which  $80,000  had  been  paid.  A 
considerable  indebtedness  remained,  but  it  was  ex 
pected  that  the  rents  for  rooms  not  needed  by  the 
society  would  speedily  extinguish  it.  The  expecta 
tion  was  not  reali/ed.  and  eventually  the  Bible 
House  passed  into  other  hands. 

The  entire  amount  of  money  raised  bv  the  so 
ciety  and  disbursed  for  the  distribution  of  the 
Scriptures  in  home  and  foreign  countries  up  to  the 
date  of  this  writing  is  SI  .294,898.27. 

Amsbury,  Deacon  Jabez,  son  of  Mown-  and 
Betsey  Whipple  (Clark)  Amsbury,  was  born  Oct.  13, 
1825,  in  Newton,  Mass.  lie  removed  to  Killingly, 
€onn.,  in  1820.  He  was  educated  at  Wesleyan  and 
Leicester  Academies,  Mass.  In  1842  lie  moved  to 
3 


Norwich,  Conn.,  and  in  February,  184t>,  was  con 
verted  and  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Cen 
tral  Baptist  church,  under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  M. 
(J.  Clark.  In  1852  IK;  became  teller  in  Quinebaug 
Bank.  In  1855  he  was  chosen  cashier  of  Danburv 
Bank,  and  removed  to  that  place,  where  he  still 
(1880)  fills  the  office.  He  was  superintendent  of  a 
Sunday-school  in  Norwich  three  years,  and  of  that 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Danbury  in  1854- 
55.  and  from  1870  to  the  present  time;  trustee  of 
the  Second  Baptist  Society  for  fifteen  years  ;  deacon 
since  1802  ;  one  of  the  principal  officers  of  the 
borough  of  Danbury  since  1862  ;  been  constantly  in 
Sunday-school  work  since  1845  ;  for  past  eleven 
years  deputy  collector  of  United  States  Internal 
Revenue;  clerk  of  board  of  education  of  Danbury. 
and  chairman  of  Centre  District.  A  pure,  earnest, 
energetic,  executive  man. 

ANABAPTISTS. 

The  name  ''  Anabaptist"  was  originally  a  re 
proachful  epithet  applied  to  those  Christians  in 
the  time  of  the  Reformation  who,  from  rigid  ad 
herence  to  the  Scriptures  as  the  infallible  and  all- 
sufficient  standard  of  faith  and  practice,  and  from 
the  evident  incompatibility  of  infant  baptism  with 
regenerate  church  membership,  rejected  infant  bap 
tism  and  inaugurated  churches  of  their  own  on  the 
basis  of  believers'  baptism.  While  reproached  by 
their  enemies  with  ri'lnqtHzimj  those  that  had  been 
already  baptized  in  the  established  churches,  they 
maintained  that  the  baptism  of  believers,  such  as 
was  administered  by  themselves,  was  the  only 
Christian  baptism,  the  baptism  of  infants  being 
unworthy  of  the  name. 

Anabaptists,  The  German  and  Swiss. — The 

Anabaptist  Reformation  was  nothing  more  than  a 
consistent  carrying  out  of  the  principles  at  first 
laid  down  by  the  Reformers.  Luther  and  /wingle, 
who  both  proposed,  at  the  outset,  to  make  the  Bible 
the  only  standard  of  faith  and  practice.  Many 
men  of  great  religious  earnestness,  filled  with  this 
idea,  could  riot  bear  to  see  the  godly  and  the  un 
godly  living  together  in  the  church,  the  latter  as 
well  as  the  former  partaking  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 
The  necessity  of  a  separation  of  Christians  from  the 
ungodly  was,  therefore,  the  most  fundamental  thing 
with  the  Anabaptists  of  the  sixteenth  century,  as 
it  is  with  Baptists  to-day.  If  only  the  regenerate 
are  to  be  members  of  this  body,  it  follows,  neces 
sarily,  that  those  baptized  in  unconscious  infancy, 
or  later  in  life  without  faith,  arc  not  truly  baptized. 
They  understood  the  Scripture  to  make  faith  a  pre 
requisite  to  baptism;  and  they  found  in  Scripture 
no  precept  nor  example  for  infant  baptism.  They 
rejected  infant  baptism  as  a  matter  of  course  and 
baptized  anew  all  that  came  to  them.  Hence  the 
name  of  reproach — "  Anabaptist.''  Luther  was  as 


A  \A  BAPTISTS 


ANABAPTISTS 


uncompromising  as  Baptists  in  making  personal 
f'aitl:  prerequisite  to  valid  baptism.  I  hi  reproached 
the  \\  aldoiises  Cor  baptizing  infants,  and  yet  de-liv 
ing  that  such  infants  have  faith,  thus  taking  the 
name  of  the  Lord  in  vain.  \ot  baptism.  Luther 
lield.  but  ])crsonal  faith,  justifies.  If  the  infant 
has  not  personal  faith,  parents  lie  when  tliev  sav 
for  it  "1  believe."  But  Luther  maintained  that 
through  the  pravers  of  the  church  the  infant  does 
have  faith,  and  he  defied  his  adversaries  to  prove 
the  contrary.  This  was  more  than  the  average  man 
could  believe.  Hence  he  would  be  likely  to  accept 
the  principle  and  to  reject  the  application.  Luther 
attached  great  importance  to  baptism  :  /winkle 
very  little.  Iliibmaier  and  Grohel  both  assorted 
that,  in  private  conversation  with  them,  /winkle 
had  expressed  himself  against  infant  baptism.  His 
earlier  writings  show  that  for  a  time  lie  doubted 
the  scripturalness  of  infant  baptism,  and  preferred 
to  postpone  baptism  until  the  subject  should  be 
able  to  profess  his  faith.  AVe  have  indisputable 
evidence  that  almost  every  other  leader  in  the 
Reformation,  Melancthon,  CEcolampadius,  Capito. 
etc.,  had  a  struggle  over  the  question  of  baptism. 
It  seems  equally  certain  that  they  were  deterred 
from  rejecting  infant  baptism  by  the  manifest  con 
sequences  of  the  Baptist  position.  It  appeared  to 
them  impossible  that  an  v  movement  should  succeed 
which  should  lose  the  support  of  the  civil  powers, 
and  should  withdraw  the  true  Christians  from  the 
mass  of  the  people.  Endless  divisions,  the  triumph 
of  the  papists,  and  the.  entire  overthrow  of  the 
Reformation,  seemed  to  them  inevitable.  Hence 
their  defense  of  infant  baptism,  and  their  xeal  in 
the  suppression  of  the  Anabaptists.  Those  that 
rejected  infant  baptism  believed  that  Zwingle 
thought  as  they  did,  but  held  back  from  unworthy 
motives.  AVe  may  divide  the  Anabaptists  into 
three  classes  :  (I)  The  fanatical  Anabaptists.  (2) 
The  Ji(ip/ist  Anabaptists.  (3)  The  mystical  Anabap 
tists.  Great  injustice  has  been  done  to  many  that 
fall  under  the  name  Anabaptist  by  failing  to  make 
this  distinction.  AVas  a  certain  party  fanatical  ? 
The  stigma  is  attached  to  all.  AVere  a  few  mystics 
Anabaptists?  All  classes  are  blamed  for  it. 
Anabaptists,  The  Fanatical.— These  were  for 

the  most  part  a  result  of  Luther's  earlier  writings. 
It  is  remarkable  that  fanatical  developments  oc 
curred  in  connection  with  Lutheranism,  and  not  in 
connection  with  Zwinglianism. 

Thomas  Miinzer  and  the  Ztr'n-l-/tu  Prophets. — 
Thomas  Miin/.er  was  never  really  an  Anabaptist. 
Though  he  rejected  infant  baptism  in  theory,  he 
held  to  it  in  practice,  and  never  submitted  to  re- 
baptism  himself  nor  rebaptized  others.  Yet  he  is 
usually  regarded  as  the  forerunner  of  the  move 
ment,  and  he  certainly  was  influential  in  that  di 
rection.  Having  studied  previously  at  Halle,  he 


came  to  ^  iltenberg.  where  he  came  under  Luther's 
influence,  and  where  lie  received  his  Doctor's  de 
gree.  Like  Luther.  .Miin/er  was  a  irreat  reader  of 
the  German  Mystics,  and  when  Luther  came  for 
ward  as  a  Reformer.  Miin/er  became  one  of  his 
most  decided  and  faithful  supporters.  On  Luther's 
recommendation  he  came  to  /wickau  in  1520  as 
parish  priest.  Mere  he  entered  into  controversy 
with  the  Krasmic  rationalistic  Kgranus.  The  com 
mon  people,  especially  the  weavers,  took  sides  with 
-Miin/er.  Chief  among  these  was  Nicholas  Storch. 
a  Silesian.  probably  a  Waldensian.  Miin/er  was 
naturally  inclined  to  fanaticism,  and  this  contro 
versy,  together  with  the  /ealons  support  he  received 
from  the  common  people,  did  much  to  bring  it  out. 
Me  regarded  Luther's  movement  as  a  half-way 
affair,  and  demanded  the  establishment  of  a  pure 
church.  Me  denounced  Luther  as  an  incapable 
man,  who  allowed  the  people  to  continue  in  their 
old  sins,  taught  them  the  uselessness  of  works,  and 
preached  a  dead  faith  more  contradictory  to  the 
gospel  than  the  teachings  of  the  papists.  AVhile 
he  held  to  the  inspiration  of  the  Scriptures.  Miin- 
/er  maintained  that  the  letter  of  Scripture  is  of  no 
value  without  the  enlightenment  of  the  Spirit,  and 
that  to  believers  God  communicates  truth  directly 
alike  in  connection  with  and  apart  from  the  Scrip 
tures.  The  excitement  among  the  common  people 
became  intense,  and  Storch  and  others  bewail  to 
prophesy,  to  demand  the  abolition  of  all  papal 
forms,  and  objects,  and  to  speak  against  infant 
baptism.  Mlinzer  had  gone  to  Bohemia  to  preach 
in  \;>'2\.  Here  he  published  an  enthusiastic  address 
to  the  people  in  Gorman.  Bohemian,  and  Latin,  de 
nouncing  the  priests,  and  declaring  that  a  new  era 
wuV  at  hand,  and  that  if  the  people  should  not  ac 
cept  the  gospel  they  would  fall  a  prey  to  the  Turks. 
Meanwhile.  Storeh's  party  attempted  to  carry  out 
their  ideas  by  force,  and  proclaimed  that  they  had 
a  mission  to  establish  the  kingdom  of  Christ  on 
earth.  They  were  suppressed  by  the  authorities, 
and  some  of  them  thrown  into  prison  ;  but  Storch, 
Stubner,  and  Cellarius  escaped  and  fled  to  AVitten- 
berg.  Stubner.  a  former  student  of  the  university, 
was  entertained  by  Melancthon.  who  for  a  time 
was  profoundly  impressed  by  the  prophets.  Carl- 
stadt  especially  was  brought  under  their  influence. 
Storch  traveled  widely  in  Germany  and  Silesia, 
disseminating  his  views  mostly  among  the  peasants. 
He  seems  to  have  been  a  man  of  deep  piety,  great 
knowledge  of  Scripture,  and  uncommon  zeal  arid 
activity  in  propagating  his  vJews.  In  Silesia,  he  is 
said  to  have  labored  for  some  time  in  connection 
with  Lutheranism,  which  had  just  been  planted 
there,  withholding  his  peculiar  views  until  he  had 
gained  a  sufficient  influence  to  preach  them  effect 
ively.  Then  he  brought  large  numbers  to  his 
views.  Here  also  the  attempt  to  "  set  up  the  king- 


AXAJHI'TISTS 


AXABAPTISTS 


Join  ol'  (Jod  on  earth"  was  accompanied  with  tu 
mult,  and  Storch  was  driven  from  (Hygau.  Driven 
from  place  to  place,  he  established  Anabaptist  com 
munities  in  various  places,  in  the  villages,  and 
among  the  peasants.  From  Silesia  Storch  went  to 
Bavaria,  where  he  fell  sick  and  died.  But  lie  left 
behind  him  many  disciples,  and  two  strong  men 
who  became  leaders:  .Jacob  Hutter  and  Gabriel 
Scherding.  From  Silesia  and  Bavaria  many  Ana 
baptists  tied  into  Moravia  and  Poland,  where  they 
became  very  numerous,  and  although  they  were 
afterwards  persecuted  severely  they  continued  to 
exist  for  a  long  time.  The  followers  of  Storch 
practiced  in  many  instances  community  of  goods 
and  under  persecution  manifested  some  fanaticism. 
But  we  do  Storch  some  injustice  in  classing  him 
among  the  fanatics.  Inasmuch,  however,  as  he 
was  elo-e'.v  connected  with  Miinzer  at  the  begin 
ning,  and  inasmuch  as  our  information  about  him 
is  not  definite,  we  class  him  here  with  the  expression 
of  a  probability  that  he  repudiated  much  of  Miin- 
zer's  proceedings,  and  was  in  most  respects  a  true 
preacher  of  the  gospel.  In  1523,  Miinzer  became 
pastor  at  Alstedt.  Here  he  married  a  nun,  set 
aside  the  Latin  Liturgy  and  prepared  a  (Jlerman 
one.  In  this  he  retained  infant  baptism.  About 
the  beginning  of  1.VJ4  he  published  two  tracts 
against  Luther's  doctrines  with  regard  to  faith  and 
baptism.  lie  had  become  convinced  of  the  un- 
scripturalncss  of  infant  baptism,  yet  continued  to 
administer  it,  telling  the  people  that  true  baptism 
was  baptism  of  the  Spirit.  Miin/.er' s  ministry  in 
Alstedt  was  brought  to  a  close  by  the  iconoclastic 
/eal  of  his  followers.  His  preaching  all  along  was 
of  a  democratical  tendency,  for  he  longed  to  see  all 
men  free  and  in  the  enjoyment  of  their  rights. 
During  this  year  he  went  to  Switzerland,  where  he 
attempted  to  persuade  (Ecolampadius  and  others 
of  the  right  of  the  people  to  revolt  against  op 
pression.  Here  also  he  probably  met  the  men  who 
soon  became  leaders  of  the  Swiss  Anabaptists: 
G  rebel,  Manz,  Hiibmaier,  etc.  His  main  object  in 
this  tour  seems  to  have  been  to  secure  co-operation 
in  the  impending  struggle  for  liberty.  Returning 
to  Muhlhauseii  he  became  chief  pastor  and  member 
of  the  Council.  The  whole  region  was  soon  under 
his  influence.  Luther  visited  the  principal  towns 
and  attempted  to  dissuade  the  people  from  revolu 
tion,  lie  also  attempted  to  induce  the  rulers  to 
accord  to  the  peasants  their  rights.  But  in  neither 
respect  did  he  succeed.  "\Vhen  the  peasants  re 
volted.  Luther,  although  he  knew  that  thev  had 
cause  for  dissatisfaction,  turned  against  them  and 
counseled  the  most  unmerciful  proceedings.  Mlin- 
zer  showed  no  military  capacity.  The  peasants  had 
no  military  discipline,  and  were  deceived  by  Miin 
zer  into  reliance  upon  miraculous  divine  assistance. 
The  result  was  that  they  were  massacred  in  large 


numbers.      Miinzer  was  taken   prisoner  and  after 
wards  beheaded. 

JFclf/iinr  Ibiffnntn.  born  in  Sweden,  accepted  Lu 
ther's  doctrine  about  15li3,  preached  with  great 
/eal  in  Denmark  and  Sweden,  laboring  with  his 
hands  for  his  support.  In  the  same  year  he  came 
under  the  influence  of  Storch  and  Miin/.er.  Like 
these,  he  believed  that  the  last  day  was  at  hand, 
and  with  great  earnestness  warned  men  to  turn 
from  their  sins.  1 1  is  interpretation  of  Scripture, 
especially  the  prophetical  parts,  which  he  freely 
applied  to  his  own  time,  and  his  constant  effort  to 
arouse  men  to  flee  from  the  wrath  to  come,  led  to 
his  being  hunted  from  place  to  place  by  Lutherans 
as  well  as  by  papists. 

In  1520,  King  Frederick  of  Denmark  came  to 
his  aid  and  irave  him  a  comfortable  stipend  and 
freedom  to  preach  the  gospel  throughout  Ilolstein. 
Here  Hoffman  remained  about  two  years,  and 
miii'ht  have  remained  longer  had  he  not  declared  in 
favor  of  the  Carlstadt-Zwinglian  view  of  the  Lord's 
Supper.  This  led  to  controversy,  which  caused  his 
expulsion  and  tin;  confiscation  of  his  goods.  In 
company  with  Carlstadt  he  took  refuge  in  Switzer 
land,  and  in  15129  went  to  Strassburg.  Here  he 
was  joyfully  received  by  the  Zwinglians,  but  his 
preaching  soon  disgusted  them,  the  difficulty  here, 
as  elsewhere,  being  that  he  claimed  a  special  in 
spiration  of  God  to  interpret  Scripture,  and  did  this 
in  a  manner  that  tended  to  produce  an  unwhole 
some  popular  excitement.  Hoffman  now  came  to 
see  that  there  was  a  wide  breach  between  him  and 
the  other  evangelical  preachers.  Their  apprehen 
sion  of  Scripture,  he  thought,  was  an  apprehension 
of  the  letter,  his,  of  the  spirit.  Their  religion  was 
of  the  understanding,  his,  of  the  heart.  Their  re 
ligion  admitted  of  pride  and  pomp,  his,  only  of 
humility.  The  Anabaptists  had  by  this  time  be 
come  numerous  in  Southern  Germany.  When 
Hoffman  came  to  know  them  it  is  not  strange  that 
he  should  have  been  led  to  unite  with  them.  In 
1530  he  declared  his  acceptance  of  their  views  on 
baptism,  justification,  free-will,  church  discipline, 
etc. ;  and  as  most  of  the  Anabaptist  leaders  had 
either  suffered  martyrdom  or  died  of  the  pest, 
Hoffman  became  a  leader  among  them,  and  led 
many  to  his  own  fanatical  and  false  views.  Un 
der  Hoffman's  influence  the  opinions  of  the  Ana 
baptists,  which  had  been  in  great  part  sound  and 
biblical,  underwent  many  changes.  Hoffman  be 
lieved  that  Christ  did  not  receive  his  body  from 
the  virgin.  This  view  was  perpetuated  by  the 
Mennonites  (a  sort  of  Manichean  view).  His  Mil- 
lenarian  views  also  became  common  among  the 
Anabaptists.  Through  him  the  Anabaptist  move 
ment  spread  over  all  the  Netherlands,  and  he  came 
to  be  regarded  as  a  great  prophet.  At  Embden, 
in  Friesland,  the  Anabaptists  became  so  strong  that 


ANABAPTISTS 


AXAKAl'TIKTH 


they  were  ;il)le  to  baptize  openly  in  the  churches 
and  on  the  streets.  The  most  influential  leader  in 
tin;  Netherlands  (after  Hodman)  was  Matthiesen. 
In  1532  llod'inan  was  thrown  into  prison  in  Strass- 
burg.  Here  ho  became  more  and  more  fanatical. 
Several  men  and  women  bewail  to  have  visions  and 
to  interpret  them  with  reference  to  current  events. 
Hoffman  they  called  Klias  ;  Sehwenkfeldt  was 
Enoch,  etc.  The  enthusiasm  spread,  and  the  Ana 
baptist  movement  made  rapid  conquests.  Per 
secution  was  probably  the  cause,  and  certainly  a 
means  of  promoting  the  fanaticism.  Hoffman  died 
in  prison,  .January,  L543,  after  more  than  ten  years' 
confinement. 

Tin-  .WtiiK/ar  rprottr. — The  episode  in  the  history 
of  the  Reformation  that  did  must  to  make  the  Ana 
baptists  abominable  in  the  eyes  of  the  world,  and 
from  the  effects  of  which  Baptists  Ion--  suffered  in 
England  and  America,  and  even  now  suffer  in  (ler- 
many,  was  the  Minister  kingdom.  Doubtless  the 
preaching  of  Hoffman,  and  still  more  that  of  hi>  fol 
lowers,  had  something  to  do  with  this  event.  Yet 
the  idea  that  this  preaching  constitutes  the  chief 
factor  is  utterly  unfounded.  In  1524-25.  Minister 
shared  in  the  communistic  movement  (Peasants' 
War),  but  the  magistrates  and  clergy  had  been 
strong  enough  to  crush  out  the  communism  and 
Lutheranism  together.  After  this  the  Reformation 
gained  scarcely  any  visible  ground  there  until  152'.). 
About  this  time,  Bernard  Rothmann,  an  educated 
and  eloquent  young  man.  as  chaplain  in  the  colle 
giate  church  at  St.  Maurit/,  near  Minister,  began 
to  preach  Protestant  sermons.  Despite  the  deter 
mined  opposition  of  magistrates  and  clergy,  the 
Minister  people  forsook  the  parish  churches  and 
flocked  to  St.  Maurit/.  In  1533  the  Protestants 
obtained  in  Miinster  the  right  to  the  free  exercise 
of  their  religion,  and  six  parish  churches  came  into 
their  hands.  Soon  they  obtained  the  supremacy 
in  the  Council,  and  began  to  carry  out  their  princi 
ples  of  reform.  The  bishop  and  Romish  clergy 
\vere  driven  away,  and  an  army  was  equipped  for 
the  protection  of  Lutheranism.  Thousands  of  in 
surrectionary  spirits  assembled  from  the  surround 
ing  regions,  and  among  them  many  of  the  Hoff 
man  ite  Anabaptists.  It  was  natural  that,  when 
these  latter  saw  the  papal  party  crushed,  they 
should  have  supposed  that  the  kingdom  of  Christ 
was  about  to  be  set  up  at  Minister.  In  1532, 
Rothmann,  the  recognized  leader  of  the  Lutheran 
party  at  Miinster,  became  an  Anabaptist.  As  a 
Lutheran,  Rothmann  is  said  to  have  been  disso 
lute.  "\\  hen  he  became  an  Anabaptist  he  adopted  i 
an  almost  ascetical  mode  of  life.  He  exhorted  the 
people  to  the  practice  of  charity  and  humility,  and 
warned  them  against  yielding  to  the  senses  and 
passions.  He  also  declared  that  the  millennium 
had  come,  and  that  the  end  of  the  world  would 


come  a  thousand  years  later.  The  Anabaptists 
gained  the  ascendancy  just  as  the  Lutherans  had 
done  before  them.  Once  in  full  power,  their  fa 
naticism  increased  until  a  king  was  set  up,  polyg 
amy  was  introduced  in  accordance  with  pretended 
revelations  of  the  Spirit,  and  many  other  abomina 
tions  were  practiced.  After  a  few  months  the 
Miinster  kingdom  was  overthrown  and  the  leaders 
executed.  This  affair  has  commonly  been  looked 
upon  as  a  natural  culmination  of  Anabaptism. 
The  fact  is,  that  Lutheranism  was  responsible  for 
it  far  more  than  Anabaptism,  and  that  the  rigor 
with  which  evangelical  Christianity  was  suppressed 
in  Miinster  until  1531  was  the  most  potent  cause 
of  all. 

It  may  be  remarked  that  while  none  of  the  Ana 
baptists  were  free  from  what  we  regard  as  errors, 
the  great  body  of  the  Swiss  Anabaptists  made  a 
very  close  approach  to  our  position  :  and  if  we 
take  into  consideration  the  circumstances  under 
which  they  were  placed,  we  shall  not  be  inclined 
to  judge  them  harshly  in  the  things  wherein  they 
seem  to  have  gone  astray.  Fundamentally  they 
were  Baptists,  but  it  required  time  for  them  to 
reach  a  complete  development.  Riiubli.  when  ex 
pelled  from  .Basle,  came  to  \Vyticon,  near  Zurich, 
and  under  his  influence  the  parishioners  almost  all 
refused  to  have  their  children  baptized,  as  early  as 
1524.  Iloubli  did  not  yet  insist  on  rebaptism,  but 
simply  set  forth  the  unscripturalness  of  infant 
baptism.  In  1524.  (.1  rebel,  Man/,  and  others  be 
gan  to  manifest  their  dissatisfaction  with  the  state 
of  ecclesiastical  affairs  at  Zurich.  They  pressed 
upon  Zwingle  the  necessity  of  a  further  reforma 
tion  of  the  churches,  and  reproved  him  for  tardi 
ness  and  coldness  in  the  matter.  Zwingle  urged 
that  the  nnregenerate  had  been  retained  in  the 
churches,  on  the  ground  that  "  he  that  is  not 
against  us  is  for  us;"  and  that  in  the  parable  it  is 
commanded  to  let  the  tares  grow  with  the  wheat. 
They  objected  also  to  the  dependence  of  religion 
on  the  civil  magistracy.  They  were  answered  that 
the  magistracy,  while  not  free  from  human  ele 
ments,  was  not  merely  not  opposed  to  the  Word 
of  God,  but  gave  protection  to  the  preaching  of  the 
same.  They  soon  began  to  accuse  Zwingle  of  sac 
rificing  willfully  the  truth  in  order  to  maintain  the 
favor  of  the  civil  rulers.  They  now  began  to  ab 
sent  themselves  from  the  churches,  to  hold  secret 
meetings,  in  which  they  discussed  freely  the  de 
sirableness  of  setting  up  pure  churches.  During 
this  year  the  writings  of  Carlstadt  and  Miinzer 
became  known  to  them,  and  they  instituted  a  cor 
respondence  with  these  men.  How  far  the  Zurich 
Anabaptists  were  influenced  by  Miinzer  it  is  not 
possible  to  ascertain.  It  is  certain  that  they  read 
his  writings  against  Luther  and  admired  them,  be 
fore  September,  1524.  It  is  equally  certain  that 


ANABAPTISTS 


A  XA  BAPTISTS 


they  were  not  first  led  to  their  views  of  thorough 
reform  by  these  writings,  but  were  only  strength 
ened  and  encouraged  thereby  in  their  already  pro 
gressing  work.  The  letter  of  Grebel,  Manx,  and 
others  to  M'unzer,  Sept.  5.  1524,  shows  that  they 
had  already  advanced  far  beyond  M'unzer  in  their 
true  views  of  reform,  and  that  they  felt  themselves 
competent  to  pronounce  judgment  upon  Milliner's 
inconsistencies  and  upon  his  revolutionary  utter 
ances.  They  expostulate  with  him  for  having  trans 
lated  the  mass  instead  of  abolishing  it.  They  claim 
that  there  is  no  precept  or  example  in  the  New 
Testament  for  the  chanting  of  church  services. 
They  insist  that  what  is  not  expressly  taught  by 
\vord  or  example  is  the  same  as  if  it  were  forbid 
den.  No  ceremonies  are  allowable  in  connection 
with  the  Lord's  Supper,  except  the  reading  of  the 
Scriptures  bearing  upon  this  ordinance.  Common 
bread  and  common  wine,  without  any  idolafrous 
ceremonies,  are  to  be  employed  in  the  Supper.  The 
ordinance!  is  declared  to  lie  an  act  of  communion, 
expressive  of  the  fact  that  communicants  are  truly 
one  body.  Inasmuch  as  the  ordinance  is  a  com 
munion,  no  one  is  to  partake  of  it  alone  on  a  sick 
bed.  It  should  not  be  celebrated  in  temples,  on 
account  of  superstitious  associations.  It  should  be 
celebrated  frequently.  The\-  exhort  Miin/.er  to 
abandon  all  non-scriptural  usages,  insisting  that  it 
is  better  that  a  few  should  believe  and  act  in  ac 
cordance  with  the  Word  of  (iod  than  that  many 
should  believe  in  a  doctrine  mingled  with  false 
hood.  They  are  pleased  with  his  theoretical  rejec 
tion  of  infant  baptism,  hut  grieved  that  he  should 
continue  to  practice  what  lie  has  shown  to  be  un 
warranted.  Moreover,  they  have  heard  that  lie 
has  been  preaching  against  the  magistracy,  and 
maintaining  the  right  of  Christians  to  resist  abuses 
with  the  sword.  They  set  forth  their  conviction 
that  neither  are  we  to  protect  the  gospel  nor  our 
selves  with  the  sword.  Thus  the  Swiss  Anabap 
tists  were  from  the  outset  free  from  fanaticism,  and 
they  appear  even  in  1524  not  as  disciples,  but  as 
teachers  of  M'unzer.  The  opposition  to  the  estab 
lished  church  had  by  this  time  become  so  formid 
able,  that  the  Council  appointed  a  public  disputa 
tion  for  Jan.  17.  1525;  but  there  was  no  intention 
on  the  part  of  the  Council  or  of  Zwingle  to  decide 
the  matter  fairly  in  accordance  with  the  weight  of 
the  arguments,  and  the  decision  of  the  Council  was, 
therefore,  against  the  Anabaptists;  and  a  mandate 
was  at  once  issued  requiring  the  baptism  within 
eight  days  of  every  unbaptized  child,  on  pain  of 
the  banishment  of  the  responsible  parties.  This 
action  was  soon  followed  bv  a  prohibition  of  the 
assemblies  of  the  radicals.  (Jrebel  and  Man/,  were 
exhorted  to  leave  off  their  disputing  against  infant 
baptism  and  in  favor  of  regenerate  church  member 
ship.  In  order  to  insure  quiet.  Roubli.  Ilatzer. 


and  others,  foreigners,  Avere  warned  to  leave  the 
canton  within  eight  days.  This  only  led  to  greater 
boldness  on  the  part  of  the  Anabaptists,  and  soon 
George  Blaurock.  having  first  been  baptized  by 
Grebel,  baptized  a  number  of  others.  From  this 
time  the  cause  of  the  Anabaptists,  notwithstanding 
the  severe  persecution  to  which  they  were  sub 
jected,  made  rapid  progress.  The  breaking  out  of 
the  Peasants'  War  in  1525  tended  to  increase  the 
apprehensions  of  the  Swiss  authorities,  and  the 
rigor  towards  Anabaptists  now  became  greater. 
Many,  both  men  and  women,  were  thrown  into 
prison,  arid  released  only  on  the  payment,  of  heavy 
fines  and  the  promise  to  desist  from  their  heresy, 
or,  in  some  cases,  to  leave  the  canton.  The  pen 
alty  of  returning  from  banishment  was  drowning. 
Grebel,  Manz,  Hubmaier,  and  Blaurock  were  im 
prisoned  and  banished.  Manz  was  finally  drowned. 
Though  continually  harassed,  these  noble  witnesses 
for  Christ  were  very  active,  traveling  from  place  to 
place,  preaching  at  night  in  private  houses  to  the 
people,  who  were  anxious  to  hear.  Some  preachers 
baptized  hundreds,  if  not  thousands,  of  persons. 
From  Zurich  they  spread  throughout  Switzerland. 
Southern  Germany,  the  Netherlands,  Moravia,  etc. 
Doctrine*  of  ///(.'  »/.v.v  Aiutti<i]>livfs. — Although 
most  of  the  leaders  held  some  views  peculiar  to 
themselves,  they  may  be  said  to  have  been  agreed 
on  the  following  points,  as  exhibited  in  the  Con 
fession  of  1527,  which  also  forms  the  basis  of 
Xwingle's  ''Refutation"  of  1527.  (1)  Baptism 
of  believers.  (The  form  of  baptism  never  came  up 
for  discussion,  and  was,  in  some  instances,  immer 
sion,  but  in  most  instances  affusion.)  (2)  Dis 
cipline  and  exclusion  of  unworthy  members.  (•!) 
Communion  of  baptized  believers.  (4)  Separation 
from  the  impure  churches  and  the  world.  This 
involved  a  refusal  to  have  any  social  intercourse 
with  evil-doers,  to  attend  church  services  with  un 
believers  and  those  in  error,  to  enter  into  marriage 
relations  with  them,  etc.  This  absolute  separatism 
tiave  them  as  much  trouble,  perhaps,  as  any  other 
single  doctrine.  (5j  They  condemned  the  support 
of  pastors  by  taxation  of  the  people.  The  pastors, 
when  they  required  support,  were  rather  to  be  sup 
ported  by  voluntary  offerings  of  the  members.  ((>) 
As  to  magistracy,  they  maintained  that  true  Chris 
tians,  as  being  entirely  subject  to  the  laws  of  Christ, 
have  no  need  of  magistracy.  Yet  they  did  not  deny 
that  magistracy  is  necessary  in  the  ungodly  world  : 
neither  did  they  refuse  obedience  to  magistracy  in 
whatever  did  not  come  athwart  their  religious  con 
victions.  (7)  They  rejected  oaths  on  the  ground 
of  Christ's  command.  "  Swear  not  at  all."  They 
distinguished,  however,  between  xiceitriiir/  as  a 
promise  with  an  oath  to  do  or  be  something  in  the 
future,  and  lexfifi/iiuj  with  regard  to  things  past  or 
present.  The  latter  they  did  not  condemn.  Some 


of  these  Anabaptists  held,  in  addition  to  these 
views,  to  community  of  goods,  on  the  ground  of 
the  example  of  the  A  postolie  ( 'liurrh.  Hut  most 
of  them  insisted  onlv  on  great  liheralilv  in  reliev 
ing  the  wants  of  their  needy  lirethren. 

The  Mi/x/irtt/  inn!  Spet'iilnf/rc  Annlinptiiits. — 
Here  mav  he  classed  a  large  nuinher  of  ahle  and 
learned  men.  some  who  allied  themselves  with  the 
Anabaptists  and  were  active  in  evangelical  work, 
as  Henk  and  llaet/.er:  others  who  contented  them 
selves  with  the  theoretical  rejection  of  infant  bap 
tism.  Imt  who  either  cared  so  little  for  ordinances 
in  general  as  to  lie  unwilling  to  make  rejection  of 
infant  baptism  a  prominent  feature  of  their  creed, 
a^  Schwenkfcldt.  Sebastian.  Frank,  etc..  or  else 
were  so  occupied  with  graver  doctrinal  contro 
versies  that  their  Anabaptist  views  attracted  com 
paratively  little  attention,  as  Michael  Servetus. 
Fanstns  Socinns.  etc.  Almost  all  the  Antitrini- 
tarians  were  rejecters  of  infant  baptism,  and  several 
who  diverged  very  widely  from  accepted  views  with 
regard  to  the  person  of  Christ  were  especially  noted 
as  Anabaptists.  With  many  the  unspeakable  love 
and  mercy  of  <!od  came  to  be  a  favorite  theme. 
Such  being  the  ease,  the  propitiatory  character  of 
Christ's  death  came  to  be  viewed  by  some  as  un 
necessary  and  contrary  to  God's  character.  There 
being  thus  no  need  of  an  infinite  sacrifice,  many 
came  to  deny  the  absolute  eternity  of  the  Son  and 
his  absolute  equality  with  the  Father.  On  the  other 
hand,  it  was  perfectly  natural  that  those  who  went 
so  far  as  to  call  in  question  the  great  doctrinal  for 
mula'  should  call  in  question  such  practices  as  in 
fant  baptism,  for  which  there  is  no  New  Testament 
authority  whatever.  We  are  to  make  a  clear  dis 
tinction  between  men  who  were  led  into  error  by 
excessive  .Mysticism,  as  I>enk.  Haet/er.  etc.,  and 
those  who  were  professed  rationalists,  as  Laelius 
and  Faustus  Socinus.  (See  I)ENK  and  HAKTXKK.) 

Anabaptists,  The  Dutch.— We  give  separate 

consideration  to  the  early  Dutch  Anabaptists,  on 
account  of  their  relation  to  the  Mennonites.  who 
still  constitute  an  important  party.  We  shall  have 
space  only  for  the  following  remarks.  1.  A  con 
siderable  number  of  moderate  Swiss  Anabaptists 
when  persecuted  at  home  took  refuge  in  the  Neth 
erlands  and  made  many  converts  before  the  time 
of  Hoffman  and  Matthiesen.  2.  Most  of  these  were 
absorbed  by  the  much  more  vigorous  movement  in 
which  Hoffman's  influence  preponderated  (1529- 
34).  8.  A  small  number  of  Dutch  Anabaptists 
maintained  their  moderation  even  in  the  time  of 
the  Minister  uproar.  4.  A  still  larger  number 
were  restored  to  their  senses  after  the  suppression 
of  the  Minister  kingdom.  5.  Merino  Simon,  a  Ro 
man  Catholic  priest,  was  led  through  a  profound 
religions  experience,  gradually  and  almost  inde-  ' 
pendently  of  Anabaptist  influence,  to  the  rejection  j 


of  infant  baptism  and  the  restoration  of  believer's 
baptism.  After  the  Minister  uproar,  the  better 
element  of  the  Anabaptists  in  the  Netherlands  re- 

I  pudiated  all  connection  with  the  Minister  men  ;  and 
with  Menno  Simon  as  their  leader  (15M6  onward), 
soon  became  an  exceedingly  strong  party.  They 

I  suffered  persecution  under  the  Inquisition,  and 
thousands  died  at  the  stake,  but  they  finally  se 
cured  toleration,  and  have  maintained  themselves 
to  the  present  day.  Their  doctrines  are.  in  the 
main,  the  same;  as  those  held  by  earlier  Anabap 
tists.  They  reject  infant  baptism,  oaths,  magis 
tracy,  the  sword,  marriage  with  unbelievers,  com 
munion  with  the  unregenerate.  They  adopted 
Hoffman's  view  as  to  Christ's  body. 

Anderson,  Christopher,  was  born  in  Edin 
burgh  in  17*2.  In  the  midst  of  youthful  gayety 
and  worldliness.  he  was  attracted  to  the  Circus 
chapel  by  the  preaching  of  the  celebrated  Ilaldane 
brothers,  then  at  the  /enith  of  their  remarkably 
useful  career.  The  earnest  appeals  of  -lames  Ilal 
dane  were  the  means  of  his  conversion,  and  he 
joined  the  church  at  the  Circus  in  IT'.K).  This 
church  was  then  a  Pedobaptist  body.  The  visit 
of  some  English  Baptist  students  to  the  university 
led  to  a  change  in  his  opinions  respecting  baptism, 
and  on  being  bapti/.ed  he  was  summarily  excom 
municated  from  the  Circus.  In  conjunction  with 
his  English  student  friends  and  others  lie  endeav 
ored  to  establish  a  Baptist  church,  and  took  a  lead 
ing  part  in  conducting  the  meetings  of  the  little 
assembly.  Andrew  Fuller's  first  missionary  tour 

!  in  Scotland  in  1799.  and  his  subsequent  visit  in 
1S02.  awakened  in  young  Anderson  a  fervent  in 
terest  in  missions  to  the  heathen.  He  sought  an 
interview  with  Mr.  Fuller,  and  was  encouraged  to 
offer  himself  for  the  Indian  work.  In  ISO")  he  pro- 

|  ceeded  to  the  seminary  at  Olney,  presided  over  bv 
the  revered  -Joseph  Sutcliff,  where  missionary  can 
didates  attended  a  preparatory  course  of  study. 
Anderson's  constitution  proving  unfitted  for  the 
tropics,  he  was  transferred  to  Bristol  College,  but 
his  academical  course  was  brief.  His  acceptable 

'  preaching  procured  him  pressing  invitations  to 
settle  as  pastor  in  England,  and  the  church  at 
Prescott  Street.  London,  which  had  lately  lost  its 
venerable  and  eminent  pastor,  Abraham  Booth, 
urged  him  repeatedly  to  accept  its  charge.  But 
his  heart  was  set  on  raising  a  church  in  his  native 
city.  The  Scotch  Baptist  churches  of  that  period 
were  not  organized  after  his  mind,  and  he  thought 
them  deficient  in  evangelistic  /eal.  He  commenced 
labor  in  Edinburgh  in  1S06.  After  the  erection  of 
the  spacious  and  handsome  edifice  known  as  Char 
lotte  chapel,  his  ministry  was  well  attended  and  the 
membership  considerably  increased.  By  his  exer 
tions  the  ''Itinerant  Society1'  was  formed,  now 
merged  into  the  "Scottish  Baptist  Home  Mission- 


AXDERSON 


AXDERSON 


ary  Society,"  and  also  tlie  Edinburgh  branch  of 
the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society.  Whilst 
abundant  in  home  missionary  labor,  lie  never  lost 
his  first  love  for  the  foreign  work  which  Andrew 
Fuller's  preaching  had  inspired.  Fuller,  indeed, 
designated  him  as  his  successor  in  the  secretary 
ship  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society.  Notwith 
standing  the  pressure  of  his  pulpit  and  philan 
thropic  labors,  he  found  time  for  a  literary  work 
involving  great  research  and  study.  His  y.eal  for 
the  circulation  of  the  Scriptures  in  the  vernacular 
had  kindled  in  him  an  enthusiastic  admiration  of 
the  history  of  the  English  version,  and  some  in 
vestigations  which  he  prosecuted  on  the  occasion 
of  its  third  centenary  celebration  in  1S35  led  him 
to  devote  his  energies  to  a  work  in  which  the 
•'Annals  of  the  English  Bible''  should  lie  accu 
rately  and  completely  set  forth.  The  results  of  his 
persevering  toil  appeared  in  two  volumes,  Svo. 
l<S4.r),  under  the  above  title.  This  work  possesses 
the  cardinal  excellencies  such  a  book  should  have. 
It  is  accurate  and  trustworthy  in  statement  of  facts, 
and  casts  light  on  many  obscure  and  misunder 
stood  matters.  The  noble  character  and  services 
of  Tyndale.  Frith,  and  others  are  vividly  presented, 
with  the  record  of  the  singular  providential  circum 
stances  of  the  origin  and  circulation  of  the  English 
Bible.  Some  years  before  the  preparation  of  the 
Annals  he  wrote  a  volume  on  "  Tin1  Domestic  Con 
stitution,  or  the  Family  Circle  the  Source  and  Test 
of  National  Stability,"  which  had  a  wide  circula 
tion,  not  only  in  (Jreat  Britain  but  also  in  this 
country.  Several  editions  of  it  were  published  at 
Boston,  New  York,  and  elsewhere.  In  1S47  he  re 
vised  and  improved  the  book,  and  issued  a  new  edi 
tion,  with  a  preface  which  expressed  forcibly  the 
author's  solicitude  for  the  cause  of  civil  and  relig 
ious  liberty,  as  exposed  on  the  one  hand  to  the 
machinations  of  the  Romish  priesthood,  and  on  the 
other  to  the  godless  fervors  of  socialism.  With  this 
publication  his  literary  labors  ended,  and  retire 
ment  from  public  life  became  obviously  necessary. 
On  the  IXth  of  February,  lX5l>.  lie  peacefully  fell 
asleep  in  Jesus,  aged  seventy  years.  His  numer 
ous  public  labors  secured  him  the  respect  of  a  wide 
circle  of  the  worthiest  of  his  countrymen  as  well  as 
of  his  own  denomination.  His  '•  Life  and  Letters," 
by  his  nephew,  Hugh  Anderson,  is  a  valuable  biogra 
phy,  especially  rich  in  interesting  correspondence. 

Anderson,  Rev.  David,  was  born  in  Nelson 
Co.,  Ky.,  in  ISOli.  He  was  converted  and  baptized 
at  the  age  of  twenty-seven  years.  He  was  ordained 
in  1X50.  He  labored  in  Northwest  Missouri  for 
twenty  years.  At  his  death  he  was  pastor  of  the 
Missouri  City  church.  He  was  sound  in  doctrine 
and  exemplary  in  life. 

Anderson,  Rev.  Gralusha,  L.D.,  president  of 

the   University  of  Chicago,   was   born    in    Bergen, 


(Jenesee  Co.,  N.  Y..  March  7,  1832.  II is  father, 
though  born  in  this  country,  is  of  pure  Scottish  de 
scent,  and  was  reared  in  the  strict  forms  of  the 
Scotch  Presbyterians.  In  his  own  family  govern 
ment  he  was  always  kind,  but  very  firm.  In  all 
weathers  the  whole  family  were  required  to  attend 
church.  Morning  and  evening  prayer  was  never 


omitted.  In  this  thoroughly  religious  method 
of  family  life  his  wife  sustained  him.  while  the 
children,  as  thev  advanced  in  years,  fully  realized 
the  advantages  of  early  fidelity  to  principle  and  to 
law.  Dr.  Anderson's  father  and  mother  are  at  this 
date  (1SSO)  both  living,  the  former  at  the  age  of 
eighty,  the  latter  of  seventy-six. 

Until  the  age  of  seventeen  Galusha  was  engaged 
upon  his  father's  farm,  with  such  intervals  of  study 
as  the  district  school  of  the  [dace  allowed.  At  that 
time  he  was  determined  to  be  a  lawyer,  made  po 
litical  speeches  and  delivered  temperance  lectures 
to  cows  and  trees  on  the  farm  ;  being  in  politics  a 
warm  partisan  of  Henry  Clay  and  a  protective 
tariff  on  the  one  hand,  and  a  staunch  advocate  of 
total  abstinence  on  the  other.  He  was  also  an 
active  participant  in  the  exercises  of  a  debating 
society  at  the  district  school-house,  reciting  pieces 
at  exhibitions  given  by  the  society,  when  every 
body  in  the  neighborhood  came  to  hear. 

At  thirteen  years  of  age  he  was  converted,  and 
was  baptized  by  Rev.  Martin  Coleman  in  the  town 
of  Sweden,  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  the  spring  of 
1844.  At  seventeen,  after  a  severe  struggle,  he 
yielded  to  convictions  of  duty  upon  the  subject  of 
becoming  a  minister,  and  entered  Alfred  Academy, 


AXDKHSOX 


AXDKIiSON 


in  Alleghany  County,  to  prepare  for  college.  In 
1851  IK:  entered  the  Sophomore  class  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Rochester.  His  course  at  the  university 
was  an  unusually  successful  one.  He  took  the 
prize  in  Sophomore  debate,  the  first  pri/c  in  Sopho 
more  declamation,  had  the  place  of  honor  at  the 
Junior  exhibition,  and  on  behalf  of  the  students  of 
the  university  delivered  the  address  to  Dr.  A.  C. 
Kendrick  upon  his  return  from  (Ireece.  It  may 
be  also  mentioned  in  this  connection  that  Dr.  An 
derson  was  the  first  Rochester  alumnus  to  receive 
the  decree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  that  univer 
sity.  Graduating  in  1S.">4,  he  entered  the  Theo 
logical  Seminary,  and  from  it  graduated  in  1X50. 
In  the  autumn  of  that  year  he  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Janesville.  Wis. 

At  Janesville  Dr.  Anderson  remained  two  years, 
a  pastorate  which  he  regards  as  the  most  successful 
work  of  his  life.  At  the  earnest  solicitation  of 
brethren  both  in  St.  Louis  and  in  the  East,  he  ac 
cepted,  in  the  fall  of  1X5X,  the  pastorate  of  the 
Second  Baptist  church  in  St.  Louis.  Here  he  re 
mained  until  1X00,  holding  his  post  during  all  the 
agitations  of  the  war.  and  keeping  his  church 
strongly  loyal.  In  St.  Louis  he  organized  a  society 
for  church  extension,  through  whose  means  three 
churches  were  helped  into  a  self-supporting  condi 
tion.  In  the  autumn  of  1X00  he  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  Homiletics,  Church  Polity,  and  Pastoral 
Duties  in  the  Newton  Theological  Institution. 
Here  lie  remained  seven  years,  but  was  drawn 
back  to  the  pastorate  by  his  love  for  that  work  in 
1X73.  at  the  Strong  Place  church,  Brooklyn,  and 
in  June.  1X70,  at  the  Second  Baptist  church,  Chi 
cago.  In  February.  1X78,  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  University  of  Chicago,  and.  resigning  his 
pastorate,  entered  at  once  upon  the  duties  of  that 
office. 

The  university  at  this  time  stood  in  need  of  the 
qualities  of  character,  intellect,  and  moral  force 
which  Dr.  Anderson  brought  to  its  service.  The 
good  effect  of  his  firm,  intelligent,  manly  course 
began  at  once  to  appear.  Xew  friends  rallied  to 
the  support  of  the  institution,  old  friends  took  heart 
anew,  and  as  we  now  write  there  are  reasons  to 
believe  that  this  work,  to  which,  in  the  prime  of 
his  powers.  Dr.  Anderson  is  now  giving  himself,  is 
to  crown  a  distinguished  and  successful  career  with 
a  service  to  which  few  men  would  be  found  equal. 

Anderson,  Rev.  George  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Philadelphia.  Pa.,  May  15.  1X10.  He  was  baptized 
March  20.  1X30,  by  Rev.  J.  J.  Woolsey,  and  re 
ceived  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Central  church. 
Philadelphia.  lie  graduated  from  Madison  Uni 
versity,  N.  Y.,  in  1X44.  and  from  Hamilton  Theo 
logical  Seminary  in  1X40.  Received  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Lewisburg  University. 
In  1X40  efforts  were  made  to  establish  the  uni 


versity  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  and  as  one  means  for 
facilitating  these  efforts  it  was  thought  wise  to 
publish  a  Baptist  paper.  The  Christian  Chronicle 
was  the  outgrowth  of  this  enterprise,  and  Dr.  An 
derson  was  invited  to  the  editorship.  From  this 
date  a  new  and  better  era  began  for  the  Baptists 
of  Pennsylvania. 


KK\  .   UF.OIiOK     U  .    AMIF.KSON,     D.I). 

In  1x49  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  the  Latin 
Language  and  Literature  in  the  university  at 
Lewisburg.  In  1X54  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Northeast  church.  Ihitchess  Co..  N.  Y.  Although 
he  had  preached  previously,  yet  up  to  this  time  he 
had  refused  ordination  because  he  was  not  engaged 
in  pastoral  work.  In  August.  1X5X.  he  became- 
pastor  of  the  Lower  Merion  church.  Montgomery 
Co..  Pa.  In  1X04  he  was  made  book  editor  of  tin- 
American  Baptist.  Publication  Society,  in  which 
position  he  still  continues  to  render  valuable  ser 
vice  to  our  denominational  literature.  On  the 
boards  of  the  Publication  Society,  and  of  the  trus 
tees  of  the  Cro/.er  Theological  Seminary,  he  has 
also  contributed  largely  to  the  success  of  mission 
ary  and  educational  work,  lie  is  a  clear  thinker 
and  a  forcible  writer. 

He  was  married  April.  1X47.  to  Miss  Maria 
Frances,  daughter  of  Thomas  F.  Hill,  Ksq..  of 
Exeter.  England. 

Anderson,  Rev.  J.  D.,  pastor  at  Byhalia.  Miss., 
is  a  native  of  that  State,  born  in  1X52.  He  began 
t'>  preach  in  1XOX.  Spent  two  years  at  Mississippi 
College,  and  two  at  the  Southern  Baptist  Theologi 
cal  Seminary.  He  taught  Latin  and  Greek  in 
Blue  Mountain  College  five  years,  and  supplied 


A  XI)  KK  ft  OX 


AKDERSON 


country   churches.     After  one  year  at  Longtown 
he  accepted  his  present  pastorate. 
Anderson,   Rev.  J.   Richard,  pastor  of  the 

Second  African  Baptist  church  in  St.  Louis,  was 
born  in  Shawneetown,  111.  His  parents  were  slaves 
in  Virginia.  lie  came  with  the  sister  of  Attorney- 
General  Bates  to  Missouri.  His  education  began  in 
the  Sabbath-school  of  the  First  Colored  church  in 
St.  Louis,  organized  by  Dr.  -I.  M.  Peck.  lie  was 
converted  under  Rev.  Jerry  Meachum's  preaching.  ! 
and  he  was  baptized  in  the  First  African  church  of 

St.  Louis.    In  1847  he  became  associate  pastor  with 

' 

Rev.  Richard  Snethen  of  the  Second  African  Bap 
tist  church  in  St.  Louis;  and  in  1S4U  he  took  sole 
charge  of  the  church,  which  he  retained  till  his 
death,  four  years  after.  His  son  is  now  his  suc 
cessor  in  this  pastorate. 

Mr.  Anderson  built  a  house  of  worship,  which, 
with  the  lot,  cost  $12.000.  He  gave  his  whole 
salary  one  year  to  the  edifice  fund,  and  he  solicited 
the  rest  of  the  money.  Hi-  was  a  wise  pastor.  He 
had  a  revival  every  year  in  his  church.  lie  was 
acquainted  with  Greek  and  Latin,  and  expounded 
the  Scriptures  systematically  on  Sabbath  mornings. 
Dr.  Galusha  Anderson,  in  his  memorial  sermon  of 
him,  says  "  his  sermons  were  clear  and  pointed." 
He  was  loved  in  his  home  and  church,  and  respected  | 
in  the  community.  One  hundred  and  seventy-five  , 
carriages  were  in  the  procession  that  followed  him 
to  his  grave. 

Anderson,  Martin  Brewer,  LL  D.,  president 
of  the  University  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  was  born 
in  Brunswick,  Me..  Feb.  \'2.  IS  15.  lie  inherited 
from  his  father,  who  was  of  Scotch-Irish  descent, 
an  unusual  degree  of  physical  and  intellectual 
vigor,  strong  emotional  impulses,  and  a  sympa 
thetic  nature.  His  mother,  who  was  of  English 
origin,  was  a  woman  of  marked  intellectual  Duali 
ties,  possessing  quick  powers  of  discernment,  a 
cautious  but  firm  judgment,  combined  with  inten 
sity  of  moral  conviction. 

At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  devoted  all  his  leisure 
to  the  acquisition  of  general  knowledge.  A  well- 
organized  debating  club,  composed  of  men  of  ma 
ture  age  and  experience,  furnished  a  motive  for 
independent  study  and  an  arena  for  intellectual 
discipline.  With  this  as  an  incentive,  he  pursued 
a  course  of  reading  which  extended  over  a  wide 
range  of  subjects,  including  history,  politics,  and 
general  literature.  The  passion  for  learning  thus 
developed,  accompanied  bv  an  awakened  interest  in 
religion,  led  him  to  look  towards  a  professional 
career.  He  completed  his  preparatory  course  of 
study,  and  in  1X36  entered  Waterville  College  (now 
Colby  University).  His  college  training  gave  a 
severer  discipline  to  his  already  vigorous  mind, 
and  reduced  to  a  more  scientific  form  the  knowl 
edge  he  had  previously  acquired.  While  in  college 


he  was  specially  devoted  to  mathematics,  the  natu 
ral  sciences,  and  intellectual  philosophy.  lie  grad 
uated  in  1S40,  holding  a  very  high  position  in  his 
class.  During  the  following  year  he  pursued  a 
course  of  study  in  the  theological  seminary  at 
Newton,  Mass. 


M.   B.    ANDERSON,    l.L.D. 

In  1S41  he  was  appointed  tutor  of  Latin.  Greek, 
and  Mathematics  in  Waterville  College,  which  po 
sition  he  held  for  two  years.  During  the  winter 
vacation  of  lS42-4.'5  he  supplied  the  pulpit  of  the 
E  Street  Baptist  church  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He 
there  delivered  a  sermon  in  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  which  brought  him  into  the  favorable 
notice  of  a  number  of  public  men,  among  whom 
was  .John  Quincy  Adams.  Unfortunately,  at  this 
time,  on  account  of  the  loss  of  his  voice,  he  was 
compelled  to  discontinue  public  speaking.  In  the 
fall  of  1S43  he  was  promoted  to  the  professorship 
of  Rhetoric  in  Waterville  College.  Besides  his 
regular  instruction  in  rhetoric  and  literary  criti 
cism,  he  taught  classes  in  Latin,  delivered  a  course 
of  lectures  upon  modern  history,  and  pursued  a 
special  investigation  upon  the  origin  and  growth 
of  the  English  language.  This  position  not  only 
afforded  a  means  of  giving  greater  breadth  and 
thoroughness  to  his  general  scholarship,  but  also, 
on  account  of  his  special  duties,  opened  a  sphere 
for  the  development  of  the  administrative  capacity 
for  which  he  has  since  become  distinguished. 

In  1S.")0  he  resigned  bis  professorship  and  re 
moved  to  New  York  City,  where  he  became  propri 
etor  and  editor-in-chief  of  the  Xrir  York  Recorder, 
a  weekly  Baptist  journal.  As  a  journalist  he  was 


AXDKKSOX 


marked  liy  great  energy  and  perseverance.  }>\  the 
learning  and  discrimination  of  his  literary  criti 
cisms,  and  by  tin:  vigor  ami  incisiveiiess  of  his 
editorials,  which,  from  the  necessities  of  his  posi 
tion  at  that  time,  were  frequently  of  a  controver 
sial  character.  Through  the  independent  position 
which  he  assumed  as  an  editor,  and  the  intellectual 
capacity  which  he  displayed,  he  obtained  a  wide 
influence  in  the  denomination,  and  was  brought 
prominently  before  the  public  at  large. 

In  IS53  he  was  unanimously  elected  the  first 
president  of  the  University  of  Rochester.  This 
position  he  has  since  retained,  notwithstanding  the 
many  inducements  held  out  to  him  to  change  his 
field  of  labor.  By  his  unswerving  devotion  to  the 
cause  of  education,  and  by  a  career  of  uninter 
rupted  success,  he  has  attained  a  position  among 
the  foremost  educators  of  the  present  day.  His 
success  as  an  educator  during  this  period  has  de 
pended  largely  upon  his  extensive  and  varied  ac 
quirements  as  a  scholar,  his  high  conception  of 
the  functions  of  the  teacher,  and  his  unusual  ca 
pacity  for  administration. 

His  scholarship  has  been  of  the  most  compre 
hensive  and  liberal  type.  It  has  been  developed 
not  so  much  by  the  exclusive  study  of  any  special 
science  as  by  the  application  of  a  general  ittcf/<o<t 
to  many  branches  of  thought.  This  method,  com 
bining  the  comparative  and  historical  modes  of 
investigation,  has  been  a  constant  incentive  to 
push  his  inquiries  beyond  the  limits  of  any  single 
science  or  any  special  group  of  sciences.  Gifted 
by  nature  with  an  untiring  industry  and  a  versa 
tile  mind,  with  a  capacity  for  rapid  acquisition  and 
a  genius  for  perceiving  the  broadest  relations  among 
the  facts  of  nature  and  mind,  he  has  pursued  his 
investigations  into  an  unusual  number  of  the  de 
partments  of  human  knowledge.  The  results  of 
many  of  these  lines  of  investigation  have  been  or 
ganized  into  courses  of  study  and  presented  to  the 
students  under  his  charge. 

These  courses  are  illustrative  of  the  direction 
and  range  of  his  scholarship,  and  the  most  im 
portant  of  them  may  be  briefly  referred  to.  The 
first  completed  course  of  lectures,  made  after  his 
accession  to  the  presidency,  was  upon  Intellectual 
Philosophy.  This  was  prefaced  by  a  discussion 
of  scientific  method,  illustrating  the  fundamental 
principles  involved  in  the  genesis  and  organization 
of  the  various  sciences,  and  also  the  possibility  of 
subjecting  mental  facts  to  scientific  analysis  and 
interpretation.  As  a  prominent  feature  of  his 
philosophical  teaching,  he  enforced  the  reality  of 
perception  as  a  fact  of  consciousness  as  opposed  to 
idealism  on  the  one  hand  and  sensationalism  on 
the  other.  lie  also  expounded  the  history  of  the 
doctrine  of  perception  from  the  time  of  Plato  to 
the  present,  and  showed  the  relation  of  the  vari 


ous  forms  of  the  doctrine  to  the  theory  accepted  as 
the  true  one.  AVIiile  recognizing  elements  of  truth 
in  opposing  systems  of  philosophy,  he  combated 
the  tendencies  alike  of  idealistic  pantheism  and  of 
modern  materialistic  evolution.  This  course,  which 
has  been  continued  in  its  essential  plan  to  the  pres 
ent  time,  was  supplemented  by  lectures  on  Moral 
Philosophy,  in  which  he  enforced  the  reality  of 
moral  distinctions  as  opposed  to  associations  and 
utilitarian  theories.  He  also  organized  a  new 
course  of  lectures  on  History,  comprising  such 
subjects  as  the  Decline  of  the  Roman  Empire,  the 
Feudal  System,  .Mohammedanism,  the  Crusades, 
the  Canon  Law,  the  history  of  Labor,  Transporta 
tion,  and  the  series  of  agencies  which  developed 
the  States  System  of  Europe;.  An  extended  course 
of  lectures  was  subsequently  developed  upon  Po 
litical  Economy,  which  comprehended  not  only  the 
general  principles  of  production,  exchange,  and 
consumption  as  usually  treated,  but  special  and 
exhaustive;  discussions  upon  the  Scientific  The 
ories  of  Money,  the  Banking  System,  Taxation. 
International  Commerce,  and  the  Effects  of  Free 
Trade  and  Protection  upon  National  Prosperity, 
these  lectures  being  frequently  illustrated  by  ex 
amples  taken  from  ancient  and  modern  history. 
He  has  also  delivered  lectures  upon  Constitu 
tional  Law.  drawing  comparative  illustrations 
from  the  Constitutions  of  the  United  States  and 
Great  Britain,  upon  the  Relation  of  Ethics  to  -Juris 
prudence,  which  course  was  originally  presented 
at  Cincinnati  in  IS70,  and  also  upon  Art  Criti 
cism,  and  the  History  of  the  Fine  Arts,  including 
Architecture,  Sculpture,  Painting,  and  Engraving. 
Besides  the  investigations  necessary  for  the  organ 
ization  of  these  definite  courses  of  study,  he  has 
preserved  a  scholarly  interest  in  the  other  depart 
ments  of  a  collegiate  course,  especially  Mathemat 
ics,  the  Natural  Sciences,  Philology,  and  General 
Literature. 

His  broad  scholarship  has  yet  been  made  tributary 
and  conducive  to  his  work  as  a  teacher  and  general 
administrator.  He  has  acquired  knowledge  in  order 
to  impart  it,  and  to  make  it  the  instrument  of  power 
and  the  means  of  moulding  character.  As  an  ad 
ministrative  officer  he  holds  a  pre-eminent  position 
among  educators.  This  is  due,  in  great  part,  to  the 
magnetic  inspiration  which  he  gives  to  young  men. 
the  personal  supervision  and  interest  which  he  man 
ifests  in  all  the  departments  of  instruction,  and  the 
common  organic  spirit  which  he  impresses  upon  all 
the  educational  agencies  placed  under  his  control. 
While  his  attention  and  energies  have  been  de 
voted  principally  to  the  cause  of  education  and  the 
interests  of  the  institution  with  which  he  is  con 
nected,  he  has  also  taken  an  important  part  in  re 
ligious  and  denominational  affairs.  lie  has  deliv 
ered  sermons  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  and 


A  XD  Kit  SON 


ANDERSON 


has  rendered  valuable  assistance  in  organizing  and 
extending  the  work  connected  with  American  and 
foreign  missions.  Ho  lias  been  president  of  the 
II une  Mission  Society,  and  for  three  years  was 
president  of  the  Foreign  Mission  Society.  lie  has, 
besides,  been  actively  engaged  in  matters  of  social 
and  political  importance,  in  which  he  has  exhibited 
the  practical  capacity  of  the  man  of  affairs. 

During  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  he  was  earnestly 
devoted  to  the  national  cause.  He  wrote  many 
editorials  and  delivered  stirring  speeches  in  favor 
of  the  Union,  and  rendered  efficient  service  on  com 
mittees  for  the  raising  of  soldiers.  In  1868  he  was 
appointed  on  the  Xe\v  York  State  Board  of  Chari 
ties  as  member  from  the  seventh  judicial  district. 
As  member  of  this  board  he  has  served  on  commit 
tees  of  investigation,  and  has  written  valuable  re 
ports  to  the  Legislature  upon  economical  subjects. 
As  a  kind  of  recognition  of  his  position  as  a  public 
man  might  be  mentioned  his  election  in  1872  as  an 
honorary  member  of  the  Cobden  (Mill)  in  England. 

The  writings  of  President  Anderson  have  been 
considerable,  although  never  published  in  a  col 
lected  form.  They  have  accompanied  and  grown 
out  of  the  work  and  special  lines  of  inquiry  in 
which  he  has  been  engaged.  They  are  comprised 
for  tin;  most  part  in  newspaper  editorials,  in  arti 
cles  for  reviews,  in  discourses  and  essays  on  educa 
tion,  religious  addresses,  papers  on  social  science, 
official  reports,  and  articles  for  encyclopaedias. 
Many  of  his  editorials  possess  a  permanent  literary 
value  from  their  scholarly  treatment  of  subjects 
relating  to  religion,  politics,  and  education.  He 
published,  some  years  ago,  a  series  of  articles  in 
the  Christian  Itet'ieic.  the  most  important  nf  which 
are  the  following:  "The  Origin  and  Political  Life 
of  the  English  Race"  (185(1),  "  Language  as  a 
Means  of  Classifying  Man"  (1859),  "Sir  William 
Hamilton's  Lectures"  (I860),  "  Berkeley  and  His 
Works"  (1861).  "(Irowth  and  Relation  of  the  Sci 
ences"  (1862).  and  "The  Arabian  Philosophy" 
(1862).  His  discourses  upon  education  comprise 
among  others  his  inaugural  address  on  "The  Ends 
and  Means  of  a  Liberal  Education,"  delivered  July 
11,  1854;  a  paper  on  the  "Study  of  the  Fine 
Arts,"  published  in  the  Report  of  the  Commis 
sioner  of  Education;  a  paper  on  the  "Univer 
sity  of  the  Nineteenth  Century,"  read  before 
the  National  Baptist  Educational  Convention  ;  a 
paper  on  "  Voluntaryism  in  Education,"  read  be 
fore  the  University  Convocation  of  the  State  of 
New  York.  Among  his  published  religious  ad 
dresses  may  be  mentioned  an  address  delivered  in 
Brooklyn  in  1874,  on  the  "  Laymen  of  the  Baptist 
Church,"  a  speech  at  the  Evangelical  Alliance  on 
the  "Doctrine  of  Evolution,"  a  paper  before  the 
same  body  on  the  "  Right  Use  of  Wealth."  The 
most  important  of  his  official  reports  are  those 


which  he  has  made  as  member  of  the  New  York 
State  Board  of  Charities,  upon  "Out-Door  Relief," 
and  upon  "  Alien  Paupers,"  published  in  the  Eighth 
Annual  Report  (1875),  and  also  a  report  cm  the 
condition  of  the  Institution  for  the  Blind  at  Batavia. 
N.  Y.  As  a  further  illustration  of  his  economical 
opinions  may  be  noticed  a  paper  read  before  the 
Social  Science  Congress  at  Saratoga,  on  the  "  Means 
of  Relief  from  the  Burden  of  Foreign  Paupers" 
(187")).  as  well  as  a  speech  delivered  at  the  Adam 
Smith  centennial,  held  in  New  York  (1876).  As 
associate  editor  of  -Johnson's  Cyclopaedia,  he  has 
contributed  articles  to  that  work  on  ethnology, 
philosophy,  aesthetics,  and  Baptist  Church  history. 
All  these  writings  are  characterized  by  rhetorical 
vigor  and  directness,  and  by  the  appropriation  of 
a  wide  range  of  knowledge  for  the  purpose  of 
clearly  illustrating  and  of  giving  weight  and  sig 
nificance  to  the  special  subjects  treated. 

The  most  important  part  of  the  life  and  labors 
of  President  Anderson  has  been  devoted  to  the 
general  cause  of  education,  and  to  the  special  in 
terests  of  the  University  of  Rochester.  His  edu 
cational  labors  have  scarcely  been  interrupted  by 
any  cause  whatever  since  his  connection  with  this 
institution.  A  severe  illness  in  1877,  during  which 
his  life  was  despaired  of,  compelled  a  temporary 
discontinuance  of  his  duties.  But  his  complete 
recovery  has  enabled  him  to  resume  his  former 
position,  which  he  now  fills  with  unabated  vigor. 

Anderson,  Rev.  Robert  T.,  was  the  son  of 

John  Anderson,  an  influential  citizen  and  a  zeal 
ous  Baptist.  lie  was  born  in  Caroline  Co.,  Ya., 
April  9.  1782,  and  was  educated  in  the  private 
school  of  Rev.  Mr.  Nelson.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
three  he  married  Patsy  Lowry,  an  accomplished 
Christian  woman,  and  in  1818  he  moved  to  Green 
Co.,  Ky.  Here  he  found  peace  in  Jesus,  and  was 
baptized  by  William  Warder  in  1821.  He  was  set 
apart  to  the  gospel  ministry  about  the  year  1829, 
in  Mount  dilead  church.  The  year  following  he 
moved  to  Logan  Co.,  Ky.  In  1832  he  took  charge 
of  Hopewell  church,  in  Tennessee.  At  different 
periods  he  was  pastor  of  Keysburg,  Ilopkinsville, 
West  Union,  and  some  other  churches.  He  was 
an  able  and  laborious  minister,  and  through  grace 
accomplished  much  for  the  Master.  Mr.  Anderson 
was  a  distinguished  educator,  and  was  probably 
the  first  man  in  the  West  who  attempted  to  teach 
letters  to  deaf-mutes.  In  this  he  succeeded  so  well 
that  he  taught  some  of  his  pupils  to  articulate  dis 
tinctly.  He  died  June  8,  1854. 

Anderson,  Thomas  D.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Phil 
adelphia.  Pa.,  June  30,  1819.  In  his  early  years  his 
parents  removed  to  Washington,  D.  C.,  where  the 
son  received  his  academic  training.  He  graduated 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1838,  and  at 
Newton  Theological  Seminary  in  1841.  He  was 


A.  \1  >/,'/•;  I!  'X 


ordained 
Baptist  t 
old  clum 
won  his 
[munity. 
the  good 
pastorate1 


and  settled  in  1 842  as  pastor  of  the  First  been  seen,  are  never  effaced  from  the  memory, 
liurcli  of  Salem.  .Mass.  Settled  with  this  Dr.  Anderson  has  been  connected  during  nearly 
b  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  years,  lie  soon  the  whole  of  his  ministry  witli  the  American  Bap- 
way  into  the  hearts  of  the  entire  com-  tist  Missionary  I'liion.  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Many  useful  lives  have  borne  witness  to  '  .Mission  Society,  and  all  our  denominational  insti- 
accomplished  during  the  six  years  of  that  tutions.  He  has  been  a  trustee  of  Newton  Theo 
logical  Institute  and  of  Madison  University.  He 
has  also,  in  addition  to  his  pastorate;,  for  four  years 
administered  the  presidency  of  Rutgers  Female 
College,  in  the  city  of  New  York. 

A  morbid  reluctance  to  appear  in  print  has  pre 
vented  I>r.  Anderson  from  submitting  his  writings 
for  publication,  hence  only  occasional  sermons  and 
addresses  have  been  published.  Among  these  are 
t-A  Funeral  Oration  on  President  Zachary  Taylor" 
before  the  citv  government  of  IJoxbury.  and  ''The 
Klection  Sermon"  before  the  executive  and  legis 
lative  departments  of  the  irovernment  of  Massachu 
setts.  His  degree  of  I >. I),  was  bestowed  by  Brown 
University  in  1S.~><I. 

I>r.  Anderson  resigned  his  charge  in  New  York 
in  the  autumn  of  1878,  and  accepted  a  call  to  Boston. 
A  more  devoted  Christian  or  an  abler  pastor  does 
not  labor  in  our  denomination. 

Andrews,  Rev.  Reddin,  Jr.,  A.M.,  was  born 

in  Fayette  Co..  Texas,  Jan.  18,  JS4N.    In  July.  I  Soil 


THOMAS     1).    ANDERSON,    D.I). 

In  June.  1848,  he  settled  with  the  'First  Baptist 
church  in  Uoxhury,  Mass.,  remaining  nearly  four 
teen  years,  during  which  the  congregation  largely 
increased,  the  church  erected  one  of  the  most  beau 
tiful  edifices  in  the  country,  and  he  was  instru 
mental  in  bringing  many  to  Christ.  Constrained 
by  his  convictions  of  duty,  but  sorrowing  greatly  to 
leave  his  charge,  Dr.  Anderson  accepted,  in  -Janu 
ary,  IStil*.  the  call  extended  to  him  to  become  the 
pa<tor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  New  York  City. 
In  a  few  years  the}'  built  the  beautiful  edifice  on 
the  corner  of  Thirty-ninth  Street  and  Park  Avenue, 
which  was  dedicated  Oct.  1.  1X71.  The  following 
extract  from  the  letter  of  a  member  of  the  New 
York  bar  expresses  the  writer's  opinion  of  the 
pastor  of  the  First  church.  N.  Y. :  "Dr.  Anderson 
is  tall  and  commanding  in  appearance,  has  a  mild 
and  pleasant  expression  of  face,  and  his  presence, 
whether  in  or  out  of  the  pulpit,  is  attractive  and 
impressive.  He  is  a  man  of  marked  purity  of  char 
acter  and  sincerity  and  earnestness  of  purpose,  an 
accurate  thinker,  and  strong  and  zealous  in  his  con 
victions.  .  .  .  As  a  preacher  he  probably  has  few 
superiors.  lie  has  no  difficulty  in  securing  the 
attention  of  his  hearers."  Dr.  Anderson's  illus 
trations  are  vivid  pictures,  which,  having  once 


in  his  fifteenth  year,  he  joined  the  Confederate 
army,  and  remained  in  it  two  years.  In  July,  IXGo, 
he  was  baptized  in  the  Colorado  lliver  l>y  Elder  P. 
B.  Chandler,  lie  was  licensed  to  preach  by  Shiloh 
church  in  January,  1867.  lie  entered  Baylor  Uni 
versity  Fab.  4,  18G7,  tind  remained  there,  with  some 
interruptions,  till  June.  1X71.  when  he  graduated 


ANDREWS 


37 


with  distinction.  In  September,  1871.  he  entered 
the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  Green 
ville,  S.  C.,  where  he  remained  till  May,  1873.  He 
entered  upon  the  pastorate  with  bright  prospects, 
and  discharged  its  duties  witli  signal  success.  In 
1875  he  became  a  professor  in  Baylor  University. 
At  present  he  is  the  beloved  pastor  of  Culvert 
church. 

X<»  man  in  Texas  of  his  age  stands  higher  for 
scholarship,  doctrinal  soundness,  firmness  of  pur 
pose,  and  entire  consecration  to  the  gospel  ministry. 

Andrews,  Newton  Lloyd,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of 

the  Greek  Language  and  Literature  in  Madison 
University,  was  born  in  Faluns,  N.  Y.,  in  1841. 
He  prepared  for  college  at  the  public,  high  school 
in  Xewark,  X.  -T.,  where  his  parents  then  resided. 
In  1S58  he  became  a  member  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  that  city,  and  the  same  year  entered  the 
Freshman  class  of  Madison  University.  He  gradu 
ated  from  the  university  in  1802.  and  from  the 
Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in  18d4.  Imme 
diately  after  he  was  appointed  principal  of  the 
(jirammar  School,  then  connected  with  the  nni- 
versitv.  From  18f>()  to  IStjS  he  was  Professor  of 
Latin,  but  in  1808  he  was  elected  to  the  Greek 
professorship,  which  department  of  instruction  he 
has  since  held.  Hamilton  College  (Clinton.  X.  Y.) 
conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Ph.I>.  in  18,8. 

Angell,  EeV.  George,  was  born  in  Smith  field, 
R.  I..  March  24,  1781).  In  early  life  he  was  brought 
in  contact  with  skeptical  companions,  and  at  the 
aire  of  twenty-one  was  a  confirmed  infidel.  It 
pleased  God,  however,  to  show  him  his  error,  and 
lead  him  through  tin;  deep  waters  of  conviction  for 
sin  out  into  "the  liberty  wherewith  Christ  maketh 
free.'1  He  was  baptized,  and  joined  the  First  Bap 
tist  church  in  Providence  in  May,  J80',l.  Impressed 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  applied 
for  a  license  from  the  church  of  which  he  was  a 
member,  and  received  their  approbation  March  7, 
1812,  and  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  Aug.  ±8,  1813. 
In  June,  181f>,  he  removed  to  Smithbridge,  Mass., 
and  became  pastor  of  a  church  which  was  gathered 
by  his  efforts  and  constituted  in  February.  1817. 
In  this  relation  he  was  blessed,  the  church  growing 
from  year  to  year  in  spiritual  strength  and  num 
bers.  Mr.  Angell  died  Feb.  14,  1827.  He  had  a 
warm  place  in  the  hearts  of  his  own  people  and  of 
his  ministering  brethren. 

AngUS,  Joseph,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Northumberland,  England,  Jan.  Id.  18 10.  His 
family  had  been  long  connected  with  the  Baptist 
congregation  in  Newcastle,  and  when  quite  a  youth 
he  became  a  member  of  the  church  and  gave  promise 
of  gifts  for  the  ministry.  After  several  years'  study 
at  the  Newcastle  grammar  school  he  was  sent  to 
King's  College,  London,  and  thence  proceeded  to 


ANGUS 

Edinburgh  University.    In  1834  he  entered  Stepney 
College.    London.       Subsequently    he    returned    to 
Edinburgh,  and  took  his  degree  of  A.M.,  obtain 
ing   the  first   pri/.e    in    mathematics,  in  (Jreek,   in 
lou-ic.  and  in  belles-lettres,  and  the  gold   medal   in 
ethics  and  political   philosophy.     He  was  also  the 
successful  competitor  for  the  students'  pri/.e  essay 
of  fifty  guineas  "on   the  influence  of  the  writings 
of    Lord    Bacon."    open    to    the    whole    university. 
When  he  was  scarcely  twenty-one  years  of  age  lie 
received  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  New  Park 
Street  church,  London  (now  the  Metropolitan  Tab 
ernacle),  to  succeed  the  venerable  Dr.  llippen.      Dr. 
Animus  held   the  pastorate  two  years,  and  in   1840 
accepted    the   appointment   of   co-secretary  of    the 
Baptist  Missionary  Society  with  the  Rev.  W.  Dyer, 
on  whose  death,  in  1842,  he  became  sole  secretary. 
While  he  held  the  secretaryship  the  income  of  the 
society  was   largely  increased  and  steadily   main 
tained  in  its  upward  tendency.     Missions  were  be- 
jrun  in  Africa,  in  the  West  Indies,  and  on  the  Eu 
ropean   continent.       He   also  visited    the   societies 
stationed   in   the  West  Indies  to  complete   the  ar 
rangements  looking  towards  the  independence  of 
the  Jamaica  churches.     In  18.">0  he  was  offered  the 
presidency  of   Stepney   College,   and   retired   from 
the  secretaryship  of  the  Missionary  Society.     From 
that   time  to   the   present    Dr.  Angus   has  been   Un 
distinguished  head  of  that  institution,  now  known 
as  Regent's   Park  College,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
eminent   public   men   of   the    Baptist   faith   in   the 
United  Kingdom.      His  literary  labors  have  been 
abundant.     After  Dr.  Chalmers's  visit  to  London  in 
1838  to  deliver  a  course  of  lectures  in  defense  of 
church    establishments,    a    pri/.e    of    one    hundred 
iruineas  was  ottered   for   the  best  essay  in   answer 
to  Dr.  Chalmers.     The  essay  of  the  youthful  pas 
tor  of  New  Park  Street  obtained  the  pri/.e,  and  was 
immediately  published  under  the  title  of  "  The  Vol 
untary  System.''      Some  years  later  he  delivered  a 
series  of  four  lectures   on   "  The  Advantages  of  a 
Classical  Education  as  an  Auxiliary  to  a  Commer 
cial  Education."      Dr.  Angus  has  been  singularly 
successful    in    writing    prize   essays   and    lectures. 
Seldom   has  he  entered  the  lists  without  obtaining 
a   pri/.e.      In    18C.2    his   essay  entitled   "Christian 
Churches:    the    noblest    form    of   social    life;    the 
representatives  of  Christ  on   earth  ;  the  dwelling- 
place  of  the  Holy  Spirit,"  obtained  the  first  award 
out  of  a  large  number  of  competitors  for  the  prizes 
offered   by  the  Congregational    Union   to  celebrate 
the    bi-centenary   of   non-conformity  in    England. 
At  a  later  period  a  gentleman  in  the  service  of  the 
iiovernment  in    India  invited  the  publication  of  a 
small  volume  on  the  life  of  Christ,  adapted  to  mis 
sionary  purposes,  and  suitable!  for  translation  into 
the  languages  of  India.    Dr.  Angus' s  book,  "  Christ 
our  Life,  in  its  Origin,  Law,  and  End,"  obtained  the 


J/.'A'J.YNJN 


prize  out  of  sixty-four  essays   sent   in  to  the.   adju 
dicators.      He   has   been   a  frequent   contributor   to 
the   periodical    literature  of   the  dav,   and    several 
valuable   educational    works    have    proceeded    from 
his  ready  pen.     Among  these  may  lie  named  "The 
Bible  Hand-book,"  published  in  1854;  "The  Hand 
book  of  the  English   Tongue.''  for   students   unac 
quainted  with  the    history  of  the  language  and    its 
principles   of  grammar,  etc.:    "The  Hand-book   of 
English    Literature."   written    with   a   similar   aim. 
and  carrying  the  student  farther  on  this  valuable 
line  of  study  ;  '•  Specimens  of  English  Literature." 
illustrating  the  principles  of  criticism  laid  down  in 
the   previous   volumes  ;    also   an    edition   of  Bishop 
Butler's    Analogy    and    Sermons.        Besides    these 
works,  which   are  included   in  the  Religious  Tract 
Society's  publications.  Dr.  Angus   has  edited  Wav- 
land's    "Moral    Science"    and    "Life   of  Judson." 
"VN  hen  the    revision   of   the  Scriptures  was   under 
taken  Dr.  Angus  was  invited  to  become  a  member 
of  the  New  Testament  Company,  and  in  this  great 
public  service   he  lias  continuously  labored   to  the 
present  time.     On  the  passing  of  the  education  act 
Dr.  Angus  was  elected  on  the  London  school  board, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1S77.     lie  has  also  held  for 
several  years  the  office  of  examiner  in  English  lit 
erature  and  history  in  the  London  University.     The 
degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon  him   by  Brown 
University  in  1852.     From  his  brethren  in  England 
lie  received  in  1X65  the  highest  honor  they  have  to 
confer    in    being   chosen    president  of   the   Baptist 
Union,  when  he  delivered  two  addresses  which  had 
a  wide  circulation.     He  enunciated  the  distinctive 
principles  of  the  body  in  a  clear  and  striking  man 
ner,  and  effectively  aided  the  movement    towards 
united  and  aggressive  denominational  activity.     In 
1871  he  preached  one  of  the  annual  sermons  before 
the  Missionary  Society,  and  by  a  cogent  array  of 
statistics    demonstrated    the    practicability   of   the 
speedy  evangelization  of  the  world,  so  far  at  least 
as  to  secure  the  publication  of  the  gospel  to  all  the 
nations.      For  his  devout  spirit,  varied  accomplish 
ments,  and  incessant  activity  Dr.  Angus  commands 
the  esteem  and  confidence  of  Christians  of  all  com 
munions  in  the  mother-country. 

Appelegate,  James  L.,  was  born  Sept,  3.  1830, 

in  Charleston  Co.,  Mo.  He  was  converted  May  10, 
1853,  and  baptized  by  Elder  James  II.  Tattle.  lie 
first  joined  the  Keytesville  Baptist  church,  and 
after  five  years'  membership  united  with  the  church 
at  Brunswick,  Mo.  In  1875  he  transferred  his 
membership  to  the  Third  Baptist  church  of  St. 
Louis,  where  he  now  resides.  lie  is  a  member  of 
the  board  of  William  Jewell  College,  and  of  the 
General  Association  of  Missouri.  He  is  a  man 
of  intelligence  and  piety,  a  great  friend  of  religious 
work.  lie  loves  his  church  and  denomination,  and 
is  a  generous  contributor  to  every  good  cause. 


Appleton,  Prof.  John  Howard,  was  bom  in 

Portland,  Me..  Feb.  3.  1844.  lie  was  fitted  for 
college  in  the  Providence  High  School,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  ]8(>3.  In 
18(>4  he  was  appointed  assistant  in  the  Chemical 
Laboratory  of  Brown  I'niversity.  and  in  1868  the 
"Newport-Rogers  Professor  of  Chemistry."  Prof. 
Appleton  has  published  several  books  on  chemis 
try,  viz.:  "  The  Young  Chemist."  "The  Class- 
hook  of  Modern  Chemistry,"  "The  Book  of  Chem 
ical  Reactions."  "A  Short  Course  in  Qualitative 
Analysis,"  and  "An  Introduction  to  Quantitative 
Analysis." 

Ardis,  Rev.  Henry  Z.,  a  prominent  minister 
residing  near  Homer.  La.:  born  in  South  Carolina 
i  in  1811.  After  preaching  some  time  in  his  native 
State  he  removed  to  Florida,  where  he  labored  effi 
ciently  for  twenty-five  years.  He  then  went  to 
Louisiana  in  187!.  in  which  State  he  has  filled 
several  prominent  pastorates. 

Arkadelphia  High  School,  located  at  Arkadel- 

phia.  Ark.,  was  established  by  Rev.  J.  F.  Shaw  in 
1875.  It  is  under  the  patronage  of  the  Liberty 
Baptist  Association,  and  is  in  a  flourishing  condi 
tion.  During  tin;  term  which  closed  June.  1880, 
about  175  pupils  were  in  attendance. 

Arkansas. — One  of  the  States  of  the  American 
Union,  lying  west  of  the  Mississippi  River.  Pop. 
484.500.  Baptists  (estimated),  whites,  about  45. OIK) ; 
colored,  about  20.000.  The  sentiments  of  the  Bap- 
tists  were  first  propagated  towards  the  close  of  the 
last  century  in  the  northeastern  portion  of  Arkan 
sas,  which  was  then  a  part  of  the  territory  of  Lou 
isiana.  A  few  zealous  Baptist  preachers  followed 
the  title  of  population  that  flowed  into  this  terri 
tory  from  the  settlements  along  the  Mississippi 
River  in  the  southeastern  part  of  Missouri.  -Of 
their  labors  it  must  be  confessed  too  little  notice 
has  been  taken,  and  few  records  have  been  pre 
served.  Dr.  Benedict,  in  his  history,  says,  "  Rev. 
David  Orr  appears  to  have  been  the  instrument 
in  planting  a  considerable  number  of  the  first 
churches  of  which  1  have  gained  any  information. 
Cotemporary  with  Mr.  Orr,  or  perhaps  a  short 
time  before  him  on  this  ground,  were  Benjamin 
Clark.  Jesse  James,  and  J.  P.  Edwards.  The  first 
church  of  our  order  organized  in  the  territory  of 
Arkansas  was  at  Fonche  a  Thomas,  in  Lawrence 
County,  towards  the  close  of  the  last  century.'' 

At  the  end  of  twenty  years  a  sufficient  number 
of  churches  had  been  gathered  in  the  northeastern 
part  of  the  State  to  organize  the  White  River  As 
sociation,  and  a  few  years  later  two  other  Associa 
tions  appear  in  this  region. 

The  southern  part  of  the  State  was  settled  some 
what  later.  About  1830,  Rev.  E.  B.  Carter  was 
operating  in  Saline  County,  where  he  had  proba 
bly  been  living  several  years.  By  his  instrumen- 


A RKA  NSA S 


39 


ARMITAVK 


tality  some  of  the  first  churches  were  organized. 
Soun  afterwards  Isaac  C.  Perkins  settled  in  Hemp- 
stead  County,  and  gathered  a  number  of  churches 
in  this  ami  the  surrounding  counties.  In  183(5  the 
churches  in  South  Arkansas  were  organized  into 
an  Association  called  Saline,  from  the  county  <>f 
the  same  name  in  which  most  of  the  churches 
were  located.  Soon  after  these  early  preachers 
were  joined  bv  others,  the  must  distinguished  of 
whom  was  Dr.  -John  Meek,  who  settled  in  Union 
County  near  the  Ouachita  River.  In  1*41  the 
anti-mission  troubles  resulted  in  the  withdrawal 
of  a  number  of  churches  and  ministers,  and  the 
formation  of  an  Association  of  the  anti-mission 
order.  During  the  next  decade  many  distin 
guished  ministers  arose  in  this  region.  Among 
those  ordained  here  mav  be  named  IF.  II.  Coleman. 
Aaron  Yates,  -I.  V.  MeColloch,  W.  11.  Wyatt.  R.  -J. 
Coleman,  Dr.  -John  T.  Craig,  and  R.  M.  Thrasher, 
all  of  whom  have  exercised  a  wide  influence  in  the 
State.  In  1S4.">,  Dr.  F.  Courtney  settled  at  Eldo 
rado,  and  the  year  following  W.  II.  Bayless  became 
pastor  at  Tulip,  and  .Judge  Rutherford  began  to 
preach  at  Cainden.  In  1847.  A.  E.  Clemmons  set 
tled  at  Lewisville,  and  in  1S4S,  Rev.  Jesse  Hartwell. 
I).D.,  located  at  Cnmden.  These  were  all  men  of 
great  ability,  and  gave  character  to  the  denomina 
tion  in  this  part  of  the  State. 

Previous  to  1S44  there  was  no  Baptist  church  in 
all  the  region  between  the  Ouachita  and  Mississippi 
River  south  of  what  is  now  Dallas  County.  There 
were  a  few  Anti-Mission  Baptists  who  about  this 
time  gathered  a  small  church.  About  the  same 
time  Young  R.  Royal,  a  missionary  Baptist 
preacher,  settled  in  Drew  County,  and  Uriah  II. 
Parker,  .Joel  Tomme,  and  Robert  Pully  in  Brad 
ley.  By  their  labors,  assisted  at  a  later  day  by  B. 
C.  Hyatt,  Solomon  Gardner,  and  others,  tne  first 
churches  in  this  region  were  planted. 

Subsequently,  but  chiefly  since  the  war,  churches 
have  been  planted  in  that  part  of  the  State  lying 
between  the  Arkansas  and  Mississippi  Rivers,  and 
in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  State,  but. our  space 
does  not  allow  of  details.  The  following  is  a  list  of 
Associations,  with  the  date  of  their  origin,  as  far  as 
we  have  been  able  to  ascertain  :  White  River,  1X20  ; 
Spring  River,  KS29:  Saline,  183G-,  Washington, 
1*37;  Rocky  Bayou.  1S40;  Salem,  1840;  Liberty, 
1*45;  St.  Francis,  1S45;  Red  River,  1S4S  ;  Bar 
tholomew,  1848:  Columbia,  1852:  -Judson.  1S54; 
Pleasant  Hill.  lSf)4  :  Friendship:  Pine  Bluff;  Ca 
roline;  Little  Red  River;  Baptist;  Bartonville  ; 
Bethel;  Caddo  River:  Cadron  ;  Cane  Creek;  Clear 
Creek  ;  Concord  ;  Crooked  Creek  ;  Dardanelles  ;  Fay- 
etteville  ;  Independence;  Mount  Vernon  ;  Sprinir 
Town;  Mount  /ion;  Ouachita  Sixth  Missionary; 
Springfield;  State  Corner;  Union;  Grand  Prairie; 
Antioch  District;  First  Missionary;  Ouachita. 


Manv  of  the  last  mentioned  are  formed  bv  churches 
composed  of  colored  Baptists. 

Arkansas  Baptist  Banner  is  published  at  Jud- 

sonia,  the  seat  of  .Judson  University.  After  the 
suspension  of  the  Western  Baptixt  in  187'.)  Mr. 
•Joshua  Hill  started  a  Baptist  paper  at  Beebe,  in 
White  County,  called  The  Arkansas  Jiaptist.  In  a 
little  while  Mr.  Hill  sold  out  to  Rev.  •).  II.  Ruber- 
son.  who  changed  the  name  to  Arkansas  Jittjitist 
Banner,  and  removed  it  to  -Judsonia.  Mr.  Ruber- 
son  subsequently  sold  to  -James  P.  Green,  by  whom 
the  paper  is  still  published. 

Arkansas  Baptist  Convention  was  organized 

in  1848.  Its  officers  elected  in  1879  were  Rev.  J. 
M.  Hart.  Eldorado,  President  ;  Rev.  J.  R.  G.  Adams, 
Dardanelles.  Recording  Secretary  ;  Rev.  Benjamin 
Thomas,  D.D.,  Little  Rock,  Corresponding  Secre 
tary. 

Arkansas  Baptist  Index  is  a  paper  the  publi 
cation  of  which  was  begun  at  Texarkana,  Ark.,  in 
1880,  by  Rev.  J.  F.  Shaw,  in  connection  with  Mrs. 
Viola  -Jackson,  a  lady  of  literary  distinction  in  the 
South.  It  is  a  small  but  ably-conducted  sheet,  and 
circulates  chiefly  in  the  three  States  upon  the 
borders  of  which  the  city  of  Texarkana  is  situated. 

Arkansas  Baptist,  The,  a  religious  newspaper 
devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  Baptist  denomina 
tion  in  Arkansas,  was  started  at  Little  Rock,  Jan. 
15,  1859.  It  was  edited  by  Rev.  P.  S.  G.  Watson, 
and  under  his  able  direction  it  took  rank  among 
the  first  religious  journals  in  the  South.  It  had 
secured  a  good  subscription  list  and  was  on  the 
way  to  prosperity  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  war, 
when  it  was  compelled  to  suspend.  This  took 
place  in  May.  1861.  At  the  close  of  the  war  an 
ineffectual  effort  was  made  to  revive  it  by  Rev.  N. 
P.  More,  but  after  a  few  issues  it  was  found  that 
the  unsettled  state  of  the  country  was  very  un 
favorable  to  the  publication  of  a  religious  paperr 
the  enterprise  was  abandoned,  and  the  State  Con 
vention  adopted  as  its  organ  the  Memphis  Baptist, 
with  an  Arkansas  department,  which  supplied  the 
means  of  communication. 

Arkansas,  Northwestern  General  Associa 
tion  of,  was  organized  a  few  years  since,  and  is 
accomplishing  a  good  work. 

Arkansas,  Southeastern  General  Associa 
tion  of,  was  organized  in  1874.  The  officers 
elected  in  1880  were  Rev.  John  T.  Craig,  Edin- 
burg.  Moderator  ;  Rev.  J.  D.  Searcy,  Anover,  Re 
cording  Secretary. 

Armitage,  Rev.  Thomas,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Yorkshire,  England,  in  1819.  He  is  descended 
from  the  old  and  honored  family  of  the  Armitages 
of  that  section  of  Yorkshire,  one  of  whom.  Sir 
John  Armitage.  of  Barnsley,  was  create*]  a  baronet 
by  Charles  I.  in  1640.  He  lost  his  father  in  in 
fancy,  and  his  mother  at  six  years  of  age.  She  was 


A  II  MIT  AGE 


40 


A  It  MIT  AGE 


the  granddaughter  of  tin:    Rev.  Thomas   Barrat,  a 

Wesleyan  Methodist  minister.  She  liad  great  faith 
in  Jesus,  and  prayed  often  and  confidently  for  the 
salvation  of  her  oldest  son,  Thomas.  At  her  death 
ahe  gave  him  her  Bihle.  her  chief  treasure,  which 
she  received  as  a  reward  from  her  teacher  in  the 
Sunday-school.  Her  last  prayer  for  him  was  that 
ho  might  he  converted  and  become  a  good  minister 
of  the  Saviour. 


REV.   THOMAS    ARMlTAdE,    D.I). 

The  religious  influence  of  his  godly  mother  never 
forsook  him.  While  listening  to  a  sermon  on  the 
text,  "  Is  it  well  with  thee?''  his  sins  and  danger 
filled  him  with  grief  and  alarm,  and  before  he  left 
the  sanctuary  his  heart  was  filled  with  the  love  of 
Christ. 

In  his  sixteenth  year  he  preached  his  first  ser 
mon.  His  text  was,  "Come  unto  me  all  ye  that 
labor  and  are  heavy  laden,  and  I  will  give  you 
rest."  The  truth  was  blessed  to  the  conversion  of 
three  persons.  lie  declined  pressing  calls  to  enter 
the  regular  ministry  of  the  English  Methodist 
Church,  but  used  his  gifts  as  a  local  preacher  for 
several  years. 

Like  many  Englishmen  he  imbibed  republican 
doctrines,  and  these  brought  him  in  1838  to  New 
York.  He  received  deacon's  orders  from  Bishop 
Waugh,  and  those  of  an  elder  from  Bishop  Morris, 
lie  filled  many  important  appointments  in  the  M. 
E.  Church  in  Xew  York,  and  when  he  united  with 
the  Baptists  he  was  pastor  of  the  Washington 
Street  church  in  Albany,  one  of  its  most  important 
churches,  where  the  Lord  had  given  him  a  precious 
revival  and  eighty  converts.  At  this  period  his 


influence  in  the  M.  E.  Church  was  great,  and  its 
highest  honors  were  before  him.  When  he  was 
first  examined  for  Methodist  ordination  he  expressed 
doubts  about  the  church  government  of  the  Meth 
odist  body,  and  about  sinless  perfection,  falling  from 
grace,  and  their  views  of  the  ordinances;  but  he 
was  the  great-grandson  of  a  Methodist  minister, 
his  mother  was  of  that  communion,  and  he  himself 
had  been  a  preacher  in  it  for  years,  and  his  mis 
givings  were  regarded  as  of  no  moment.  In  18.'!',) 
he  witnessed  a  baptism  in  Brooklvn  by  the  Rev. 
S.  Ilslcy.  which  made  him  almost  u  Baptist,  and 
what  remained  to  be  done  to  effect  that  end  was 
accomplished  by  another  baptism  in  Albany,  ad 
ministered  by  the  Rev.  Jabez  Swan,  of  Connecticut. 
An  extensive  examination  of  the  baptismal  ques 
tion  confirmed  his  faith,  and  placed  him  without  a 
misgiving  upon  the  Baptist  platform  in  everything. 
.Dr.  Welsh  baptized  him  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Pearl  Street  church,  Albany.  Soon  after  a  council 
was  called  to  give  him  scriptural  ordination.  Dr. 
Welsh  was  moderator;  Friend  Humphrey,  mayor 
of  Albany,  and  Judge  Ira  Harris  were  among  its 
members.  A  letter  of  honorable  dismissal  from 
the  M.  E.  Church,  bearing  flattering  testimony  to 
his  talents  and  usefulness,  was  read  before  the 
council,  and  after  the  usual  examination  he  was  set 
apart  to  the  Christian  ministry  in  the  winter  of 
1848.  lie  was  requested  to  preach  in  the  Norfolk 
Street  church,  Xew  York,  in  the  following  June. 
The  people  were  charmed  with  the  stranger,  and 
so  was  the  sickly  pastor,  the  Rev.  George  Benedict. 
He  was  called  to  succeed  their  honored  minister, 
who  said  to  Mr.  Armitage,  "  If  you  refuse  this  call 
it  will  be  the  most  painful  act  of  your  life."  Mr. 
Benedict  never  was  in  the  earthly  sanctuary  airain. 
Mr.  Armitage  accepted  the  invitation,  in  his  twenty- 
ninth  year,  July  1,  1848.  In  1853-54  140  persons 
were  baptized,  and  in  1857  152,  while  other  years 
had  great  blessings. 

The  first  year  of  his  ministry  in  Norfolk  Street 
the  meeting-house  was  burned,  and  another  erected. 
Since  that  time  the  church  reared  a  house  for  God 
in  a  more  attractive  part  of  the  city,  which  they 
named  the  "  Fifth  Avenue  Baptist  church."  The 
property  is  worth  at  least  $150,000,  and  it  is  free 
from  debt.  The  membership  of  the  church  is  over 
700.  In  1853,  Mr.  Armitage  was  made  a  Doctor 
of  Divinity  by  Georgetown  College,  Ky.  lie  was 
then  in  his  thirty-fourth  year. 

At  a  meeting  held  in  Xew  York,  May  27,  1850, 
by  friends  of  the  Bible,  Dr.  Armitage  offered  reso 
lutions  which  were  adopted,  and  upon  which  the 
Bible  Union  was  organized  two  weeks  later,  with 
Dr.  S.  II.  Cone  as  its  president,  and  W.  II.  AVyc- 
koff,  LL.D.,  as  its  secretary.  In  May,  185G,  Dr. 
Armitage  became  the  president  of  the  society.  In 
this  extremely  difficult  position  he  earned  the  repu- 


ARMSTRONG 


41 


ARNOLD 


tation  of  being  one  of  the  ablest  presiding  officers 
in  our  country.  The  Bible  Union  readied  its 
greatest  prosperity  while  he  presided  over  its  af 
fairs. 

Dr.  Armitage  is  a  scholarly  man,  full  of  infor 
mation,  with  a  powerful  intellect;  one  of  the 
greatest  preachers  in  the  United  States  ;  regarded 
by  many  as  the  foremost  man  in  the  American 
pulpit.  We  do  not  wonder  that  he  is  so  frequently 
invited  to  deliver  sermons  at  ordinations,  dedica 
tions,  installations,  missionary  anniversaries,  and 
to  college  students.  As  a  great  teacher  in  Israel, 
the  people  love  to  hear  him,  and  their  teachers  are 
delighted  with  the  themes  and  with  the  herald. 

Seventeen  years  ago  a  gentleman  wrote  of  Dr. 
Armitage,  "The  expression  of  his  face  is  one  <>f 
mingled  intelligence  and  kindness.  As  he  con 
verses  it  is  with  animation,  and  his  eyes  sparkle. 
His  manners  are  easy,  graceful,  and  cordial.  lie 
fascinates  strangers  and  delights  friends.  Ho  ap 
pears  before  you  a  polished  gentleman,  who  wins 
his  way  to  your  esteem  and  affection  by  his  exalted 
worth."  The  description  has  been  confirmed  by 
time. 

Armstrong',  Andrew,  was  born  near  Dublin. 
in  Ireland,  and  studied  at  Hamilton.  He  married 
the  daughter  of  Judge  S\vaiin,of  Pemberton,  N.  J. 
He  has  been  pastor  at  Upper  Freehold.  Lamhert- 
ville,  Tvingwood,  Frenchtown.  and  New  Brooklyn, 
where  he  now  ministers.  While  his  preaching  is 
edifying  to  the  spiritual  body,  he  has  also  been 
particularly  blessed  in  leading  congregations  to 
build  meeting-houses  and  pay  for  them.  He  has 
also  acted  as  agent  for  the  State  Convention  and 
Education  Societv. 

Armstrong,  Rev.  George,  M.A.,  was  born  in 

Ireland,  Dec.  5,  1814;  brought  when  an  infant  by 
bis  parents  to  St.  John's,  Newfoundland,  where 
they  continued  till  his  sixteenth  year;  then  re 
moved  with  them  to_Sydney,  Cape  Breton,  where, 
three  years  after,  he  was  converted,  and  was  in 
the  following  year  baptized  by  Rev.  Dr.  Crawley. 
Studied  at  Horton  Academy  in  LS.'W-.'JS,  and  grad 
uated  from  Acadia  College  June,  1S44  ;  ordained  at 
Port  Medway,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1S4S  ;  was  sub 
sequently  pastor  at  Chester  ;  became  in  1854  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church,  Bridgetown,  Nova  Scotia, 
and  so  continued  for  twenty  years  ;  then  was  pastor 
at  Sydney,  Cape  Breton,  for  two  years  ;  was  editor 
of  the  dhi'istian  Visitor,  St.  John's,  New  Brunswick, 
from  January,  1876,  for  three  years  ;  evangelized 
in  Newfoundland  in  the  summer  of  1879:  and  he 
is  now  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church.  Kentville, 
Nova  Scotia. 

Armstrong,  Rev.  John.— Mr.  Armstrong  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa..  November.  17(JS.  He 
graduated  at  Columbian  College,  I).  C.,  in  1825. 
Some  time  after  he  moved  to  North  Carolina,  and 


was  for  five  years  pastor  of  the  Newberne  Baptist 
church.  He  became  a  professor  in  Wake  Forest 
College  in  1835,  and  for  a  time  acted  as  agent  of 
the  college.  He  went  to  Europe  in  1837.  and  spent 
two  years  in  France  and  Italy,  preparing  himself 
the  better  to  discharge  his  duties  as  teacher.  He 
had  as  his  companions  in  his  voyage  Dr.  E.  G. 
Robinson,  the  distinguished  president  of  Brown 
University,  and  J.  J.  Audubon,  the  great  natural 
ist.  In  1841,  Mr.  Armstrong  accepted  the  pastor 
ate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Columbus,  Miss.,  where 
he  married  a  lady  of  fortune.  He  died  in  1844. 
He  is  said  to  have  been  a  fine  scholar,  a  blame 
less  Christian  gentleman,  and  an  able  and  eloquent 
preacher. 
Arnold,  Albert  Nicholas,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Cranston.  R.  I.,  Feb.  12,  1814.     While  engaged  in 
mercantile  pursuits  in  Providence  his  mind  became 


ALBERT    .NICHOLAS    ARXOLD,    Il.T). 

interested  on  the  subject  of  preaching  the  gospel. 
Having  decided  to  enter  the  ministry,  he  took  the 
full  courses  of  study  in  Brown  University  and  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution,  graduating  from 
the  one  in  1838,  and  from  the  other  in  1841.  He 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass.,  Sept.  14,  1841,  and  in  1*44  re 
ceived  an  appointment  as  a  missionary  to  Greece, 
where  he  remained  ten  years.  Returning  to  his 
native  land,  he  was  made  Professor  of  Church  His 
tory  at  Newton,  holding  the  office  for  three  years. 
For  the  next  six  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Westborough,  Mass.,  for  five  years  Pro 
fessor  of  Biblical  Interpretation  and  Pastoral  The 
ology  in  the  Hamilton  Theological  Institution,  and 


ARNOLD 


42 


ARXOLD 


for  four  years  Professor  of  New  Testament  Greek  in 
the  Theological  Institution  in  Chicago.  He  resigned 
in  1878,  and  for  the  last  few  years  has  had  a  home 
near  Providence,  where  he  has  been  engaged  in 
such  literary  and  other  work  as  the  state  of  his 
health  allows  him  to  perform.  Dr.  Arnold  is  one 
of  the  most  accomplished  scholars  in  the  denomi 
nation.  Probably  no  man  in  the  country  is  better 
acquainted  with  modern  Greek  than  he. 

Arnold,  Richard  James,  was  bom  in  Provi 
dence.  11.  I..  Oct.  5.  17%.  He  came  from  an  illustri 
ous  ancestry  on  the  side  of  both  father  and  mother. 
Having  graduated  at  Brown  University,  in  the  class 
of  !814,  he  studied  law  for  a  short  time  in  the  office 
of  the  celebrated  lion.  Tristam  Burgess.  Not  find 
ing  the  study  of  this  profession  congenial  to  his 
tastes,  he  became  a  merchant,  in  connection  with 
an  older  brother,  and  was  especially  interested  in 
the  China  trade.  In  1823,  having  married  a  lady 
living  in  the  South,  he  made  a  home  on  his  planta 
tion  in  Georgia,  in  Bryan  County,  near  Savannah, 
spending  his  winters  there,  and  his  summers  in 
Rhode  Island.  Mr.  Arnold  took  a  deep  interest  in 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  his  native  city,  where 
he  always  worshiped  when  he  was  at  his  Provi 
dence  home.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Brown  Univer 
sity  for  nearly  forty-seven  years.  His  death  oc 
curred  March  10,  1873. 

Arnold,  Hon.  Samuel  Greene,  was  born  in 
Providence,  R.  I.,  April  12,  1821,  and  was  a  grad 
uate  of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1841.  lie 
studied  law  at  the  Harvard  School,  where  he  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws  in  1845. 
Soon  after  he  went  abroad,  and  spent  several  years 
in  study  and  travel,  visiting  first  the  different 
countries  of  Europe,  and  thence  passing  to  Egypt 
and  the  Holy  Land.  In  1847  he  crossed  from 
Europe  to  South  America,  where  he  spent  a  year, 
chiefly  in  Chili.  He  returned  to  his  home  in 
1848.  He  now  gave  himself  to  a  work  which  he 
had  long  meditated,  the  writing  of  a  history  of  his 
native  State.  The  first  volume  of  this  work  ap 
peared  in  1859,  and  was  followed  by  the  second  in 
1860.  These  two  volumes  comprise  the  annals  of 
the  State  of  Rhode  Island  from  the  settlement  in 
1636  to  the  adoption  of  the  Federal  Constitution  in 
1790.  This  history,  the  result  of  careful  study  and 
research,  and  thoroughly  imbued  with  the  true 
llhode  Island  spirit,  at  once  placed  its  author  in 
the  front  rank  of  American  historians.  Without 
doubt  it  will  always  be  a  standard  authority  for 
the  period  which  it  covers. 

Mr.  Arnold  took  a  deep  interest  in  all  matters 
affecting  the  prosperity  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Providence.  For  twenty-five  years  he  was  mod 
erator  of  the  society.  In  1864  he  projected  a  per 
manent  fund  of  820.000.  the  interest  of  which  was 
to  be  appropriated  to  pay  for  the  support  of  public 


worship.  He  headed  the  subscription  list  with  a 
contribution  of  85000.  On  the  25th  of  May,  1875, 
he  delivered  a  discourse  commemorative  of  the  one 


1IO.V.   SAMUEL    (JKEK.N'E     .VRVOM). 

hundredth  anniversary  of  the  dedication  of  the 
meeting-house  for  public  worship.  In  1852,  Mr. 
Arnold  was  elected  lieutenant-governor  of  the 
State,  and  again  in  1861,  and  a  third  time  in  1862. 
After  his  last  election  he  was  chosen  to  fill  the  un- 
expired  term  of  lion.  James  F.  Simmons  in  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States,  and  held  office  from 
December,  1862,  to  March  3,  1863.  Governor  Ar 
nold  died  in  Providence,  Feb.  13,  1880.  He  will 
be  long  honored  as  the  Christian  scholar,  patriot, 
historian,  and  statesman. 

Arnold,  Rev.  T.  J.,  born  in  Ilendricks  Co..  Ind., 
in  1835.  moved  to  Iowa  with  his  parents.  Stephen 
and  Nancy  Arnold  ;  baptized  at  Fairview  in  1853  ; 
was  licensed  to  preach  in  1854.  He  was  educated 
at  Mount  Vernon  Methodist  Academy  and  Pella 
University.  While  studying  he  entered  the  min 
istry  as  an  evangelist,  preaching  at  various  places. 
He  was  ordained  while  preaching  for  the  Tola  and 
Coleridge  churches.  At  Martinsburg  was  married 
to  Miss  J.  Smith,  in  I860,  who  proved  herself  a 
faithful  and  devoted  Christian  wife.  In  1875  he 
moved  to  California;  was  pastor  one  year  at  Santa 
Clara,  two  years  at  Reno  and  Virginia  City,  Nov.. 
and  in  1879  he  returned  to  California,  and  preached 
as  evangelist  or  pastor  at  Yallejo  and  Yountville, 
precious  revivals  attending  his  labors  in  almost 
every  place.  He  has  baptized  about  400.  and  led 
many  others  to  Christ,  who  have  been  baptized  by 
the  pastors  whom  he  has  assisted  in  revival  meetings. 


ARE AC AN 


43 


AKR AC AN 


Arracan,  Mission  to. — Arracan  is  a  division 
of  British  Burmah.  It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by 
the  Bengal  district  of  Chittagong,  on  the  east  by 
the  Yumadoung  Mountains,  which  separate  it  from 
independent  Burniah  and  the  British  district  of 
Pegu,  and  on  the  south  and  west  by  the  Bay  of 
Bengal.  The  population  in  1871  was  near  half  a 
million,  made  up  of  Buddhists,  Mohammedans, 
Hindoos,  and  a  few  Christians.  Its  principal  town 
is  Akyab.  In  the  province  there  are  four  districts, 
Akyab,  Ramree.  Sandoway,  and  Aeng.  The  at 
tention  of  the  Missionary  Union  was  turned  towards 
Arracan  as  far  back  as  1835.  when  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Comstock  were  appointed  by  the  board  to  begin  a 
mission  at  some  suitable  place  on  the  coast  of  Ar 
racan.  The  station  selected  by  Mr.  Comstock  was 
in  the  Ramree  district,  at  the  north  point  of  Ram- 
ree  Island.  Its  name  was  Kyouk  Plivoo,  and  the 
place  contained  about  2000  natives,  besides  English 
residents,  troops,  etc.  Mr.  Comstock  commenced 
his  work  in  this  village  early  in  March.  1835. 
Three  months'  labor  began  to  show  some  fruit,  and 
a  spirit  of  inquiry  was  awakened  among  the  people 
about  the  new  religion.  The  next  year  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Ingalls  joined  Mr.  Comstock,  and  new  energy 
was  given  to  the  enterprise.  During  one  of  the 
excursions  of  Mr.  Comstock  in  the  mountainous 
districts  he  met  with  the  Kyens,  a  branch  of  the 
Karens,  who  seemed  ready  to  welcome  the  good 
tidings  of  salvation  which  were  brought  to  them. 
In  the  spring  of  1837  another  reinforcement  was 
made  to  the  mission  by  the  arrival  of  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Hall.  Their  connection  with  the  mission  was  of 
but  brief  duration,  both  of  them  dying  within  a 
few  months  of  the  commencement  of  their  work. 
The  station  at  Kyouk  Pliyoo  was  abandoned  in 
November  of  this  year  on  account  of  its  insalubrity, 
and  a  new  station  at  Ramree  was  occupied  by 
Messrs.  Comstock  and  Stilson  in  the  spring  of  1838. 
The  town  in  which  they  had  made  their  residence 
contained  a  population  of  10,000  inhabitants.  A 
church  was  formed  the  29th  of  May,  and  a  school 
commenced  by  Mrs.  Comstock. 

Messrs.  Kincaid  and  Abbott  began  another  Ar- 
racanese  station  at  Akyab  in  the  spring  of  1840. 
It  was  not  long  before  interesting  inquirers  ap 
peared,  and  in  May  three  persons  were  baptized. 
The  following  August,  30  persons  professed  their 
faith  in  Christ.  The  report  was  that  "  the  pros 
pects  of  the  mission  were  good  ;  a  mission  house  and 
premises  had  been  purchased,  and  Mr.  Kincaid, 
though  his  heart  was  still  turned  to  Ava.  was  con 
tent  to  abide  in  Arracan,  according  as  the  spirit  of 
God  might  be."  In  1841  there  was  an  additional 
station  commenced  at  Sandoway,  under  the  charge  of 
Mr.  Abbott,  who  reported  193  baptisms  for  the  year, 
and  in  the  three  stations  there  were  4  missionaries, 
4  female  assistants,  and  27  native  helpers. 


One  hundred  and  fiftv  miles  south  of  Akyab  there 
lives  a  tribe  called  the  Kemees.  From  the  chief  of 
this  tribe,  Chetea.  there  came  early  in  May.  1841,  a 
message  to  the  mission,  entreating  that  the  mission 
aries  would  teach  them  about  the  true  God.  and  give 
them  his  holy  book.  In  the  following  December  a 
similar  message  was  sent,  and  Mr.  Kincaid,  ac 
companied  by  Mr.  Stilson.  decided  to  visit  the 
Kemees.  The  visit  was  made,  and  good  seed  was 
sown.  Various  changes  took  place  in  the  Arracan 
stations  during  the  next  two  or  three  years.  Mrs. 
Comstock  died  April  28,  1843,  and  Mr.  Comstock, 
April  25,  1844.  The  Karen  department,  under  the 
special  charge  of  Mr.  Abbott,  was  greatly  prospered. 
During  the  year  1844,  2031)  Karens  were  brought 
by  baptism  into  connection  with  the  churches  of 
the  Arracan  missions.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ingalls  ar 
rived  at  Akyab  in  the  spring  of  1846.  At  the  close 
of  this  year  there  were  21)  out-stations,  and  324<> 
members  in  the  churches  in  Akyab  and  these  out- 
stations.  Mr.  Abbott,  worn  down  with  disease  and 
care,  returned  to  his  native  land  in  the  fall  of  1845. 
lie  remained  in  the  United  States  a  little  over  two 
years,  and  then  returned  to  Sadowav.  to  have  the 
supervision  of  the  Karen  department.  Mr.  Moore 
became  connected  with  the  Ramree  stations  in  the 
spring  of  1848.  Mr.  Bcecher  and  Mr.  Van  Meter 
were  apppointed  to  the  Sandoway  station.  In  the 
churches  in  this  station  and  its  out-stations  there 
was  reported  at  the  close  of  1848  a  membership  of 
4500,  and  5124  unbaptized  Christians,  "who  have 
maintained  as  religious  a  life  in  all  respects  as 
the  members  of  the  churches,  only  they  were 
not  baptized/'  The  Karen  department  of  the  San 
doway  mission  was  removed  to  Bassan,  and  its  con 
nection  with  the  Arracan  mission  ceased.  The 
station  at  Kyouk  Phyoo  was  resumed  in  November, 
1850.  Mr.  Rose  joined  the  mission  at  Akyab  in  1853. 
The  deputation  to  the  East,  Rev.  Drs.  Peck  and 
Granger,  visited  early  in  the  year  1853  the  stations  in 
Arracan,  reported  that  the  mission  showed  signs  of 
prosperity,  and  the  Convention  which  met  at  Maul- 
main  recommended  that,  at  once,  these  men  be  sent 
to  reinforce  the  mission.  For  a  few  years,  however, 
there  was  but  little  apparent  success  in  Arracan. 
The  missionaries  were  removed  by  death,  or  by  as 
signment  to  other  fields  of  labor.  Mr.  Satterlee 
arrived  in  Arracan  in  September.  1855,  and  died  the 
following  July.  The  executive  committee,  in  their 
annual  report  in  1857,  say,  '*  In  view  not  only  of  the 
unhealthiness  of  the  Arracan  climate,  but  also  of 
the  demand  for  labor  in  Burin  ah  proper  and  else 
where,  and  of  the  diminished  supply,  we  respect 
fully  suggest  that  the  mission  he  brought  to  a 
close.''  The  suggestion  was  carried  out.  and  a 
mission  which  at  one  time  was  so  hopeful,  and  for 
which  so  many  valuable  lives  had  been  sacrificed, 
ceased  to  exist. 


ARROWSMITH 


44 


ASHMORE 


Arrowsmith,  Col.  George,  was  born  in  Middle- 
town,  N.  J.,  in  1839.  He  graduated  at  Madison 
University  at  the  age  of  twenty,  and  became  tutor 
in  the  Grammar  School.  In  1861  he  went  to  the 
war  as  captain  of  a  company.  He  rose  to  be  lieu 
tenant-colonel  in  l;")7th  Regiment,  N.  Y.  Vols.,  and 
was  killed  on  the  Gettysburg  battle-field,  July  1, 
1863.  lie  was  a  brave  man,  and  gave  promise  of 
excelling  in  his  profession. 

•  Arvine,  Rev.  Kazlitt,  was  born  in  Western 
New  York  in  1820.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the 
AVesleyan  University  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  and  of 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution.  In  1845  he 
wus  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in  Woonsocket, 
11.  I.,  where  he  remained  two  years,  and  then  re 
moved  to  New  York  to  take  charge  of  what  was 
known  as  the  "  Providence"  church.  His  connec 
tion  with  this  church  continued  but  a  few  months, 
on  account  of  failing  health.  Respite  from  minis 
terial  labor  so  far  restored  him  that  he  accepted  a 
call  to  become  pastor  of  the  church  in  West  Boy  Iston, 
Mass.  Here  he  continued  until  his  removal  to 
Worcester,  to  avail  himself  of  medical  treatment  for 
the  disease  which  finally  caused  his  death.  This 
event  took  place  at  AVorcester,  July  15,  1851.  Mr. 
Arvine  is  best  known  as  the  compiler  of  the  "  Cy 
clopaedia  of  Moral  and  Religious  Anecdotes,"  a 
work  which  has  obtained  a  flattering  circulation. 
A  volume  of  his  poetical  productions  was  also  pub 
lished,  which  was  well  received.  He  was  a  man  of 
refined  and  scholarly  parts,  and  his  comparatively 
short  life  was  not  spent  in  vain. 

Ash,  John,  LL.D.,  was  a  native  of  Dorsetshire, 
England.  Early  in  life  he  was  drawn  to  the  Sa 
viour,  after  which  he  un'ited  by  baptism  with  the 
church  at  Loughvvood,  near  Lyme.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Bristol  College,  in  which  he  made  remark 
able  progress  in  learning.  In  1751  he  became 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Pershorc.  In  his  youth 
he  was  distinguished  for  his  mathematical  attain 
ments,  for  which  he  was  commended  in  the  peri 
odicals  of  the  day.  Ivimey  says  that  "his  philolog 
ical  works,  his  elaborate  grammar,  and  dictionary 
are  universally  known  and  highly  prized.''  The 
learning  which  marked  his  writings  secured  for 
him  in  1774  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws.  His 
religious  opinions  were  Paul's,  without  any  human 
additions.  He  lived  honored  for  his  great  abilities 
and  learning,  and  he  died  in  the  full  enjoyment 
of  the  peace  of  God  in  1779. 
Asher,  Rev.  Jeremiah,  was  born  in  North 

Branford,  Conn.,  Oct.  13,  1812.  Rucl  Asher,  his 
father,  was  born  in  the  same  place.  Gad  Asher, 
his  grandfather,  was  a  native  of  Africa,  from  which 
he  was  stolen  when  about  four  years  of  age,  and 
brought  to  East  Guilfurd,  now  Madison,  Conn.,  and 
there  sold  to  Linus  Bishop,  who  gave  him  his  bib 
lical  name. 


Mr.  Asher  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  he  became 
pastor  of  a  church  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  soon  after, 
where  he  labored  with  much  acceptance.  Subse 
quently  he  became  pastor  of  the  Shiloh  Baptist 
church  of  Philadelphia.  In  this  field  his  talents  and 
labors  were  highly  appreciated,  and  he  speedily  se 
cured  the  respect  of  a  numerous  circle  of  friends. 
Finding  that  his  church  was  heavily  burdened  with 
debt,  he  sailed  for  England  to  secure  funds  for  its 
extinction.  He  carried  credentials  with  him  from 
leading  Baptist  ministers  of  the  city  of  Brotherly 
Love,  attested  by  the  mayor,  and  he  was  received 
with  kind  greetings  and  considerable  gifts  by  the 
British  churches. 

After  his  return  he  entered  upon  his  pastoral 
labors  with  renewed  vigor,  and  he  had  the  happi 
ness  of  seeing  the  Shiloh  church  increasing  its 
numbers  and  growing  in  the  grace  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ.  For  a  time  he  was  a  chaplain  to  a 
colored  regiment  in  the  army.  He  died  in  the  en 
joyment  of  a  blessed  hope. 

Mr.  Asher  was  a  clear  thinker,  an  able  gospel 
preacher,  a  Christian  of  undoubted  piety,  and  a 
minister  widely  known  and  highly  respected  by 
Baptists  and  by  other  Christians  of  both  races. 

Ashley,  Rev.  William  W.,  was  born  in  Hills- 
borough,  N.  C.,  in  1793.  His  early  studies  were  in 
terrupted  in  consequence  of  his  entering  into  mili 
tary  service  in  1814.  He  was  in  Mobile  when  the 
battle  of  New  Orleans  was  fought.  He  became  a 
subject  of  converting  grace  in  the  fall  of  1815.  and 
united  with  a  Free-AVill  Baptist  church.  He  was  set 
apart  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  in  1817,  and  for 
some  time  itinerated  as  an  evangelist  in  the  Southern 
and  Southwestern  States.  He  was  in  Nova  Scotia 
in  1821,  laboring  with  great  zeal  and  energy,  lie 
was  settled  as  a  Free-AVill  Baptist  minister  in  sev 
eral  places,  but  in  the  later  years  of  his  life,  his 
views  becoming  Calvinistic,  he  connected  himself 
with  the  regular  Baptists,  and  was  pastor  of 
churches  in  Barnstable  and  Harwich,  Mass.  Mr. 
Ashley  was  a  warm  advocate  of  temperance.  In 
the  provinces  of  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia 
he  established  or  assisted  in  organizing  over  300 
temperance  societies.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
two  of  his  brothers  and  five  of  his  sons  were  in  the 
Baptist  ministry.  He  died  at  South  Gardiner, 
Mass.,  June  6,  1860. 

Ashmore,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Putnam, 
0.,  Dec.  25,  1821.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Gran- 
ville  College,  and  of  the  Covington  Theological 
Institution.  In  1848  Jie  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  at  Hamilton,  0.  The  following 
year  he  received  an  appointment  as  a  missionary 
to  the  foreign  field,  and  sailed  from  New  York 
Aug.  17.  1850,  for  China,  arriving  at  Hong-Kong 
Jan.  4,  1851,  and  at  Bangkok,  April  14,  1851.  He 


ASHTOX 


45 


ASSAM 


applied  himself  with  conscientious  diligence  to  the 
acquisition  of  the  Chinese  language,  and  was  soon 
able  to  come  into  closer  contact  with  the  people. 
Excursions  were  made  to  the  adjacent  villages  and 
out-stations  selected  for  occupancy.  Mr.  Ashmore 
labored  from  house  to  house,  conversing  with  the 
inmates,  distributing  tracts,  and  in  such  ways  as 
his  wisdom  dictated  sought  to  bring  home  the 
truth  to  the  hearts  and  consciences  of  the  people. 
In  this  kind  of  \vork.  quiet  and  unostentatious,  the 
faithful  missionary  labored  on  for  several  years. 
The  health  of  Mrs.  Ashmore  made  it  necessary  that 
her  husband  and  herself  should  leave  Bangkok  for 
a  season.  The  hope  that  the  change  would  benefit 
her  was  doomed  to  be  disappointed.  She  died  at 
sea,  off  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  May  19,  1858.  A 
lady  of  rare  qualities  of  mind  and  heart,  her  death 
was  a  sad  loss  to  her  bereaved  husband.  The  Jan 
uary  previous  to  her  death  Dr.  Ashmore  had  been 
transferred  to  Hong-Kong,  which,  for  some  time, 
continued  to  be  the  scene  of  his  missionary  toils. 
It  was  his  purpose  to  have  gone  to  Swatow,  to  la 
bor  among  the  Chinese  in  the  Tie  Chin  district,  but 
his  health  was  so  poor  that  he  was  compelled  to 
abandon  his  purpose  and  return  to  his  native  land, 
which  he  reached  in  the  summer  of  1SG().  In  the 
month  of  July.  I8i>4.  he  returned  to  China,  accom 
panied  by  his  second  wife,  the  youngest  daughter 
of  Judge  Dunlevy,  of  Lebanon,  0.  Another  lo 
cality  having  been  better  suited  to  missionary  pur 
poses  than  Swatow,  Dr.  Ashmore  and  the  other 
missionaries  removed  to  Kak-Chie,  not  far  from 
their  former  residence.  Several  out-stations  were 
under  his  charge,  and  the  work  progressed  success 
fully,  taking  into  consideration  all  the  circumstances 
under  which  it  was  done.  The  number  of  church 
members  under  the  watch-care  of  Dr.  Ashmore  in 
1870  was  142.  lie  reports  for  the  next  year  40 
persons  baptized,  and  for  the  next,  42.  In  1875, 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Ashmore  returned  to  the  United 
States  on  account  of  the  poor  health  of  Mrs.  Ash- 
more.  On  their  return-trip  they  readied  Swatow 
about  the  1st  of  December,  1877,  "  very  much  to  the 
relief  and  gratification  of  the  other  missionary." 
Under  date  of  April,  1878,  Dr.  Ashmore  writes  a 
hopeful  letter,  as  lie  sums  up  what  has  been  ac 
complished  within  the  past  dozen  years,  and  adds, 
"We  have  had  some  20  applicants  for  baptism. 
12  of  these  were  baptized."  The  latest  intelligence 
from  him  was  under  date  of  July  15.  when  at  the 
monthly  church-meeting  there  were  15  or  10  can 
didates  for  baptism.  That  the  life  of  so  valuable  a 
missionary  as  Dr.  Ashmore  may  be  spared  we  may 
•earnestly  pray. 

Ashton,  Rev.  William  E.,  was  born  in  Phila 
delphia,  Pa.,  May  IS,  1793.  At  the  age  of  ten  he 
first  became  interested  in  the  salvation  of  his  soul. 
At  sixteen  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the 


Second  Baptist  church  of  his  native  city.  He 
studied  under  Dr.  Staughton,  and  in  his  twenty- 
second  year  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Ilopevvell,  X.  J.  He  afterwards  served 
the  church  of  Blockley,  Philadelphia,  as  pastor, 
and  then  the  Third  church,  Philadelphia,  in  which 
he  labored  till  his  death.  Mr.  Ashton  was  a  ripe 
scholar,  and  possessed  that  polished  ease  and  cul 
ture  which  made  him  welcome  in  any  social  circle. 
His  talents  otherwise  were  respectable,  and  his 
piety  was  felt  and  seen  by  all  who  knew  him.  He 
was  a  useful  minister  of  the  Lord  Jesus,  whom  his 
denominational  brethren  delighted  to  honor,  and 
other  Christians  highly  esteemed.  Princeton  Col 
lege  in  1830  gave  him  the  degree  of  Master  of 
Arts. 

Assam,  Mission  to.— On  the  northwestern  fron 
tier  of  Burmah  lies  the  country  of  Assam,  stretch 
ing  across  the  plains  of  the  Brahmaputra,  from  70 
to  100  miles  in  breadth,  and  extending  on  the  north 
east  to  the  very  borders  of  China.  Many  races  in 
habit  this  larjie  territory.  The  inhabitants  are 
known  by  the  general  name  of  Slums,  which  word 
by  changes  of  the  language  lias  become  Assam. 
Since  182G  the  country  has  been  under  British  rule. 
The  conclusion  to  commence  a  mission  in  Assam 
was  reached  in  1835,  and  Messrs.  Brown  and  Cutter 
were  sent  to  Sodiya,  in  the  northeastern  part  of 
the  country.  Messrs.  Thomas  and  Bronson  joined 
them  July  17.  lS3f>.  The  missionaries  entered 
upon  their  work  with  great  zeal.  The  language 
was  learned  and  reduced  to  printing.  Roman  letters 
being  used;  tracts  were  prepared,  and  portions 
of  the  New  Testament  published  and  freely  circu 
lated.  There  are  now  several  stations  in  Assam, 
of  which  we  give  a  brief  sketch. 

1.  Gowahati.  A  church  was  formed  in  this  place 
in  February,  1845.  Rev.  Mr.  Dan  forth  arrived  there 
in  May,  18-18,  and  having  acquired  the  language 
began  at  once  a  career  of  great  usefulness.  Schools 
were  established,  buildings  were  erected,  hopeful 
conversions  took  place,  and  the  church  was  enlarged. 
Mr.  Dan  forth  made  extensive  tours  into  the  adjacent 
regions,  and  by  means  of  tracts  and  religious  books, 
as  well  as  with  the  living  voice,  he  reached  large 
numbers  of  the  people,  and  much  good  seed  was 
sown.  The  liberality  of  the  English  residents  in 
Gowahati  furnished  the  means  for  the  erection  of 
a  pleasant  chapel,  65  feet  by  25,  which  was  dedicated 
the  first  Sabbath  in  February,  1853.  For  many 
years  the  mission  at  Gowahati  was  in  a  verv  de 
pressed  condition.  Under  the  labors  of  Mr.  Comfort 
and  his  assistants  there  has  been  steady  progress 
from  year  to  year.  Mr.  Comfort's  efforts  among 
the  Garos  have;  been  especially  blessed.  His 
health  failing,  Dr.  Bronson  removed  to  Gowahati  in 
1874.  The  work  seemed  to  receive  a  new  impulse, 
and  in  the  report  of  the  executive  committee  for 


A  $8  AX 


46 


1875  we  find  28  baptisms  recorded,  ;vnd  102  church 
members  ;  and  the  next  year  1  1 1  baptisms,  and  the 
following  year  14S.  At  this  time,  1880,  the  number 
of  baptisms  last  reported  was  118,  and  the  church 
membership  378. 

'2.  Gowalapara  is  the  English  civil  and  military 
station  for  the  district  in  which  the  Garos  live;  it 
is  situated  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Brahmaputra. 
From  this  Assamese  station  the  missionaries  go 
forth  to  preach  the  gospel  to  the  Garos,  who  live 
among  the  hills  on  the  south  of  the  river.  In  the 
spring  of  1867.  Dr.  Bronson  visited  this  interest 
ing  people  and  baptized  26  of  them,  and  formed 
them  into  a  church.  Mr.  Stoddard  and  his  family 
were  stationed  at  Gowalapara  in  the  i'all  of  1867. 
In  the  spring  of  1868  he  and  Dr.  Bronson  made  a 
five  weeks'  tour  among  the  Garos.  preaching,  bap 
tizing,  establishing  schools,  etc.  They  returned  to 
Gowalapara  greatly  encouraged  by  what  they  had 
seen  of  the  good  work  of  the  Lord  among  the 
Garos.  So  much  interested  were  the  English  au 
thorities  in  the  success  of  the  missionaries  that  they 
cheerfully  granted  them  pecuniary  aid  in  carrying 
on  the  schools.  The  increasing  labors  of  the  mis 
sionaries  called  for  reinforcements,  and  the  appeal 
was  responded  to.  Others  have  gone  to  this  most 
promising  iield,  and  have  been  greatly  encouraged 
in  their  work.  From  the  last  report  we  learn  that 
there  are  nine  churches  in  the  district  of  which 
Gowalapara  is  the  centre,  and  in  these  churches 
there  are  704  members. 

3.  Nowgong.     This  place  was  made  a  station  in 
1841.     Dr.  Bronson  established  an  orphan  institu 
tion  in  1843  in  Nowgong,  which  accomplished  great 
good,  not  only  in  promoting  the  temporal  welfare  of 
the  children   gathered  within   its  walls,  but  in  the 
conversion   of  many  of  them.     In  1856  this  insti 
tution   took  on  somewhat  the  character  of  a  'pre 
paratory  and  normal  school.     In  consequence  of 
the   smallness   of  the   appropriations    for    its  sup 
port  and  the  fewness  of  its  pupils  it  was  thought 
best  to  suspend  it  in  1857.     Various  circumstances 
transpired  to  weaken  and  almost  destroy  the  station 
at  Nowgong.     For  several  years  but  little  progress 
was  made.     The  efforts  of  the  missionaries  among 
the  Mikirs  were  fruitful   for  good.     Dr.  Bronson 
after  laboring  faithfully  for  many  years  returned 
to  the  United  States  in  1869,  and  the  station  was 
placed  in  the  charge  of  Rev.  E.  P.  Scott  and  his  wife. 
Mr.  Scott  died  in  May,  1870.    Dr.  Bronson  returned 
to  Nowgong  early  in   1871,  and  with  invigorated 
health  resumed  his  work,  employing  himself  in  the 
Assamese    department,   and    Rev.    Mr.   Neighbor, 
who   had  joined    him,   in   the  Mikir  department. 
Dr.   Bronson  removed  to  Gowahati   in   1875.     At 
present  there  is  one  church  with  106  members. 

4.  Sibsagor.      The    Sibsagor   station   was    com 
menced  in   1841.     It  has  been  the  headquarters 


from  which  excursions  have  been  made  to  the  Naga 
hills,  where  successful  evangelical  work  has  been 
done.  The  lamented  Dr.  Ward  and  his  wife  de 
serve  honorable  mention  in  connection  with  this 
station.  There  was  reported  in  May  last  one 
church  with  126  members. 

The  mission  in  Assam  has  on  the  whole  been  a 
successful  one,  especially  in  its  connection  with  the 
Garos.  We  may  confidently  look  for  large  results 
in  the  future  in  this  mission. 

Associations,  Baptist. — According  to  Dr.  Un 
derbill  an  association  or  general  assembly  of  the 
churches  in  Somersetshire  and  the  adjacent  coun 
ties,  in  England,  was  formed  about  1653.  several 
meetings  of  which  were  held  during  succeeding 
years  at  Wells,  Tivcrton,  and  Bridgewater.  Others 
are  under  the  impression  that  regular  Associations 
Avere  instituted  at  a  later  period,  and  that  they 
sprung  from  the  inconvenience  of  meeting  in  larger 
bodies  than  those  gathered  in  Somersetshire.  The 
first  general  assembly,  representing  the  nation,  met 
in  London  in  September,  1689;  it  was  composed 
of  delegates  from  more  than  a  hundred  churches 
scattered  over  England  and  Wales ;  it  gave  its 
sanction  to  the  celebrated  creed  now  known  with 
additions  as  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith. 
This  convention  disclaimed  all  "power  to  prescribe 
or  impose  anything  upon  the  faith  or  practice  of 
any  of  the  churches  of  Christ,"  even  though  they 
were  represented  in  the  assembly ;  and  the}-  further 
resolved  "that  whatever  is  determined  by  us  in 
any  case  shall  not  be  binding  upon  anyone  church 
till  the  consent  of  that  church  be  first  had."  In 
it  every  motion  about  "  counsel  or  advice  had  to 
be  proved  out  of  the  Word  of  God,  and  the  Scrip- 
I  tures  given  with  the  fraternal  counsels."  The 
messengers  composing  the  assembly  brought  let 
ters  from  the  churches  commending  them  to  it. 
Its  "breviats"  or  minutes  were  "transcribed."  and 
a  copy  sent  to  every  church.  The  assembly,  at  a 
time  when  traveling  was  expensive  and  dangerous, 
was  found  to  be  inconvenient,  and  Associations, 
with  exactly  the  same  aims  and  powers,  took  the 
place  of  the  larger  body.  This  is  Crosby's  account. 
Ivimey  states  that  one  Association  of  west  of  Eng 
land  Baptist  Churches  met  in  Bristol  and  another 
in  Frome  in  1692.  These  Avere  probably  the  first 
regular  Baptist  Associations  of  modern  times. 

The  Philadelphia  Association  Avas  formally  es 
tablished  in  1707,  and  it  has  lived  and  flourished 
ever  since.  Dr.  Samuel  Jones,  in  his  "Century 
Sermon,"  published  in  the  volume  of  "  Minutes 
from  1707  to  1807,"  informs  us  that  this  body  orig 
inated  in  what  were  "  called  general  and  sometimes 
yearly  meetings."  These  meetings  were  com 
menced  in  1688,  and  in  many  of  their  features 
they  appear  to  have  been  Associations.  But  in 
1707  they  had  regular  delegates  from  Lower  Dub- 


ASSOCfATTOXS 


47 


ATLANTA 


lin,  Middletown,  Cohansie,  Piscataqua,  and  Welsh 
Tract,  the  five  churches  composing  the  Association  ; 
and  their  meetings  instead  of  being  almost  exclu 
sively  devotional,  became  assemblies  for  worship 
and  for  Ilie  transaction  of  considerable  business 
for  their  churches.  We  have  now  1005  Associations 
in  the  United  States. 

Associations,  The  Oldest  American  Baptist. 

— The  Philadelphia  Association,  1707. 

The  Charleston  Association,  South  Carolina, 
1751. 

The  Sandy  Creek  Association,  North  Carolina, 
1758. 

The  Kehukee  Association,  North  Carolina,  1765. 

The  Ketocton  Association.  Virginia,  17b'0. 

The  Warren  Association,  Rhode  Island,  17*>7. 

The  Stonington  Association,  Connecticut,  1772. 

The  Red  Stone  Association,  Pennsylvania.  177<>. 

The  Xew  Hampshire  Association,  New  Hamp 
shire.  177<). 

The  Shaftesbury  Association,  Vermont.  1781. 

The  Woodstock  Association,  Vermont.  178M. 

The  Georgia  Association,  Georgia,  1784. 

The  Holston  Association,  Tennessee,  1780. 

The  Bowdoinham  Association.  Maine.  1787. 

The  Vermont  Association,  Vermont,   1787. 

Atkinson,  Rev.  Wm.  D.,  was  born  in  GreeneCo., 
S.  C.,  Nov.  17,  1818.  He  died  Oct.  17,  1879.  His 


moved  to  Georgia  and  settled  in  Greene  County. 
Win.  D.  Atkinson,  after  four  years  of  academical 
preparation,  entered  Mercer  University  in  1844  and 
graduated  in  1848.  He  had  been  converted  and 
baptized  in  the  fall  of  IS))'.),  was  licensed  by  Shiloh 
church  soon  after  graduation,  and  was  ordained  in 
Monticello,  Ga.,  in  September,  1848.  For  thirty 
years  he  served  various  churches  in  Monroe,  Jasper, 
Harris,  Greene,  Glynn,  Pierce,  and  Tatnall  Coun 
ties,  lie  was  an  industrious,  energetic,  and  sym 
pathizing  pastor,  and  an  earnest,  forcible,  and  sen 
sible  speaker,  wielding  great  influence  over  bis 
audiences.  His  piety  was  most  sincere,  and  in 
labors  he  was  truly  abundant.  He  taught  school 
frequently,  and  was  a  successful  instructor,  and  as 
|  an  advocate  of  the  temperance  cause  he  was  earnest 
and  uncompromising.  That  he  baptized  more  than 
a  thousand  persons  proves  his  success  as  a  pastor. 
He  turned  many  to  righteousness.  In  erecting 
houses  of  worship,  in  building  up  weak  churches, 
and  in  enlisting  the  pious  endeavors  of  church 
members  he  proved  himself  a  master-workman. 
Above  medium  size,  he  was  also  large  in  heart  and 
soul.  His  death  produced  a  profound  sensation  in 
Southern  Georgia,  where  he  was  laboring  at  the 
time,  and  all  classes  and  persuasions  united  in  per 
forming  the  last  sad  duties  to  his  remains,  exclaim 
ing.  ''  His  place  can  never  be  filled!" 


VTLAXTA    THEOLOGICAL    SEM1XARY. 


jiter'nal  grandfather  was  a  North  Carolinian,  who  |       Atlanta  Theological  Seminary. — This  semi- 
fught  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  at  its  close  '  nary,  for  the  education  of  colored  Baptist  ministers 


ATONEMENT 


48 


in  Georgia,  is  sustained  chiefly  by  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  whose  headquar 
ters  are  in  Xe\v  York.  The  building  is  very 
neat  and  appropriate.  This  seminary  lias  been  in 
existence  eight  years.  It  was  located  for  a  time  in 
Augusta,  under  the  name  of  the  "  Augusta  Insti- 

t~ > 

tute."  It  lias  given  instruction  to  2%  students, 
of  whom  1ST  wore  ministers,  or  candidates  for  the 
ministry.  It  contains  now  100  students,  GO  of 
whom  are  preparing  for  the  pulpit. 

Atonement,  The.— The  atonement  is  a  transfer 
of  our  i/nilf  to  Jesus.     This  doctrine  is  strikingly 
foreshadowed    by   the   Jewish    scapegoat.       Of    it 
Moses  says,  "  And  Aaron  shall  lay  both  his  hands 
upon   the  head  of  the   live  goat,  and  confess  over 
him  all  the  iniquities  of  the  children  of  Israel,  and 
all  their  transgressions  in   all   their  sins,  putting 
them   upon   the   head   of  .the   goat,  and   shall   send 
him  away  by  the  hand  of  a  fit  man  into  the  wilder 
ness  ;  and  the  goat  shall  bear  upon  him  all  their 
iniquities  unto  a  land  not  inhabited;  and  he  shall 
let  go    the  goat  in  the  wilderness."   Lev.    xvi.   21, 
22.     The  blood  of  the  goat  was  not  spilled,  no  blo\v 
was  inflicted  upon  it;  but  the  sins  of  the  children 
of  Israel  were  typically  placed  upon  it  to  prefigure 
the  transfer  of  our  sins  to  the  Son  of  God.     In  the 
case  of  the  scapegoat  the  transfer  was  figurative, 
in  the  Saviour's  it  was  literal.   "  lie  was  numbered 
with    the    transgressors,    and    he    bare   the    sin   of 
many.''    Isa.   liii.   12.       ''The  Lord  hath  laid  on 
him  the   iniquity  of  us    all."    Isa.   liii.   6.       "  For 
he  hath  made  him  to   be   sin  for  us,  who  knew  no 
sin  ;  that  we  might  be  made  the  righteousness  of 
God  in  him."    2  Cor.  v.  21.      Paul  shows  that  he 
means  the  actual  transfer  of  our  guilt  to  Christ  by 
saying,  "  Who  knew  no  sin," — that  is,  of  his  own  ; 
he  was  made  sin,  he  says,  by  reckoning  our  sins  to 
him,   not   by  any  sins  which   he  committed.     The 
word  translated  sin  cannot  mean  a  sin-offering  in 
this  text,  for  it  is  contrasted  with  righteousness.     If 
the  one  is  a  sin-offering  the  other  must  be  a  right 
eousness-offering  ;    but  the  word  translated  right 
eousness   has   no   such   meaning.     And   sin,  not  a 
sin-offering,  must  be  the  sense  of  the  word  in  this  con 
nection.     This  is  the  common  use  of  the  word  else 
where.     Men  may  put  forth  as  many  philosophical 
pleas  as  their  ingenuity  can  furnish,  but  according 
to  Paul   the  sins  of  the  whole  saved  family  were 
reckoned  to — transferred  to  Jesus. 

The  atonement  is  a  transfer  of  our  pains  to  Jesus. 
The  entire  sufferings  demanded  by  our  sins  were 
inflicted  upon  the  Saviour.  Isaiah  liii.  5,  says,  "He 
was  wounded  for  our  transgressions,  he  was  bruised 
for  our  iniquities  ;  the  chastisement  of  our  peace 
was  upon  him  ;  and  with  his  stripes  we  are  healed." 
Here  he  suffers  the  innocent  for  the  guilty,  he 
takes  our  wounds,  our  bruises,  and  the  chastise 
ment  of  our  peace;  and  his  stripes  give  perfect 


healing  to  the  soul;  "the  blood  of  Jesus  Christ, 
God's  Son,  shed  by  the  transferred  pains  of  the 
believing  family,  cleanses  us  from  all  sin.''  Christ 
lived  and  died  as  the  proper  substitute  of  his  peo 
ple  ;  so  that  his  acts  were  theirs,  and  all  his  pains. 
This  doctrine  is  foreshadowed  by  the  death  of  the 
paschal  lamb,  and  all  the  sacrifices  of  the  law  of 
Moses;  and  it  is  presented  in  all  its  fullness  by  the 
dread  scenes  of  Calvary.  As  Peter  says  in  his 
First  Fpistle,  iii.  IS,  ''  For  Christ  also  hath  once 
suffered  for  sins,  the  just  for  the  unjust,  that  he 
illicit  bring  us  to  God."  The  believer  has  lost  his 
sins  and  pains  eternally  in  the  death  of  his  loving 
Lord. 

The  desiijn  of  the  atonement  was  to  satisfi/  the 
mercv  of  God.  The  heart  of  God  is  a  fountain  of 
love  continually  overflowing,  and  nothing  can  keep 
in  its  bursting  streams.  To  gratify  this  irresistible 
affection  of  Jehovah  Jesus  became  a  man  and  en 
dured  our  pains,  and  our  death  ;  and  now  ''God  is 
in  Christ  reconciling  the  world  unto  himself  not 
imputing  their  trespasses  unto  them."  He  is  busy 
by  his  Spirit  removing  the  blind  hatred  to  himself 
of  human  hearts,  that  his  love  in  the  crucified 
Lamb  might  bring  multitudes  to  trust  and  love 
him. 

The  atonement  was  also  intended  fo  meet  the  de 
mands  of  Gotl's  /aw.  It  complies  with  these  per 
fectly.  In  the  obedience  and  death  of  Christ  the 
precepts  of  the  law  have  been  fulfilled  and  its  pen 
alties  have  been  endured,  and  he  is  "  the  end  of  the 
law  for  righteousness  to  every  one  that  belicveth." 
Rom.  x.  4.  That  is,  he  is  its  completion,  \is  J'uJjUt- 
ment;  and  when  a  soul  trusts  the  Saviour  the  law 
justifies  him  and  gives  him  the  righteousness  which 
Christ  acquired  when  he  obeyed  its  precepts  and 
suffered  its  penalties.  ••  Even  the  righteousness  of 
God  which  is  by  faith  of  Jesus  Christ  unto  all  and 
upon  all  them  that  believe."  Rom.  iii.  22.  More 
over,  the  law  demanded  for  God  supreme  love  from 
men,  and  a  holy  life.  And  when  the  Spirit  changes 
a  human  heart,  and  gives  the  faith  which  secures 
the  forgiveness  of  God  in  the  soul,  the  happy  re 
cipient  is  melted  in  adoring  gratitude  before  ;he 
Redeemer,  and  his  heart  looks  up  to  God  whil  •  it 
says,  "Whom  have  I  in  heaven  but  thee?  And 
there  is  none  upon  earth  that  I  desire  besides  thee.'' 
And  the  spirit  of  grace  leads  him  into  the  holy 
dispositions  and  practices  enjoined  by  the  pure  la\\ 
of  Jehovah. 

The  atonement  transfers  our  sins  and  pains  t< 
Christ  our  substitute,  and  by  faith  in  Jesus  it  open 
up  to  the  soul  a  channel  through  which  God's  pa> 
doning  love  may  reach  and  rejoice  it,  and  by  wlnci 
the  Spirit's  sanctifying  grace  may  purify  the  hear, 
and  fit  it  for  the  everlasting  rest. 

Atwell,  Rev.  George  Benjamin,  son  of  Re. 
George  and  Esther  (Rogers)  Atwell ;  born  in  Lyiw, 


AUGUSTA  49 

Conn.,  July  9,  1793  ;  his  mother  was  a  sister  of 
llev.  Peter  Rogers,  of  Revolutionary  fame;  his 
father  a  worthy  preacher  of  his  time;  converted 
when  nine  years  old  :  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
Second  Baptist  church  in  Colchester,  Conn.,  in 
1820;  ordained  in  Longmeadow,  Mass.,  in  1822, 
the  first  Baptist  minister  in  the  place;  pastor  in 
West  Woodstock,  Conn.,  ten  years  ;  in  Cromwell 
one  year ;  in  Meriden  two  years ;  in  Canton  ten 
years;  in  Pleasant  Valley  twelve  years;  was  dis 
tinguished  for  his  originality  of  expression,  purity 
of  life,  nobleness  of  character,  and  fidelity  to  his 
calling;  died  in  Pleasant  Valley,  April  23,  1879, 
in  his  eighty-sixth  year.  A  record  of  his  worthy 
life  has  been  given  to  the  public  in  a  volume  of 
"Memorial  Sketches,''  by  his  daughter,  Harriet  G. 
At  well. 

Augusta,  Ga.,  First  Baptist  Church  of.— The 
First  Baptist  church  in  Augusta  originated  thus, 
to  quote  from  the  earliest  church  record  :  "  In  the 
year  1817.  Jesse  D.  Green,  a  layman,  was  active  in 
gathering  together  the  few  scattered  Baptists  in 
Augusta,  and,  after  holding  one  or  more  prelimi 
nary  meetings,  the  brethren  and  sisters,  to  the  num 
ber  of  eighteen,  had  drawn  up  and  adopted  a  cov 
enant,  to  which  they  affixed  their  names."  This 
was  styled  ''  The  Baptist  Praying  Society."  On 
the  fourth  Saturday  and  Sunday  in  May,  1*17,  the 
society  assembled  in  the  court-house,  and  were 
regularly  constituted,  by  the  advice  and  assistance 
of  brethren  Abraham  Marshall,  Matthews,  Car 
son,  and  Antony.  Brother  Matthews  preached 
from  Matt.  xvi.  18.  At  the  various  meetings  of 
1818,  and  during  the  early  part  of  181'.).  llev. 
Abraham  Marshall  acted  as  pastor.  Subsequently, 
by  his  advice,  Rev.  Jesse  Mercer  was  elected  pas 
tor,  but  declined  to  accept.  In  1820,  llev.  Wm.  T. 
Brantly  was  chosen  to  the  pastoral  oflice,  and  con 
sented  to  serve  without  any  pecuniary  consideration 
for  his  services,  .and,  by  permission  of  the  trustees, 
services  were  held  twice  every  Lord's  day  in  the 
chapel  of  the  academy,  of  which  Dr.  Brantly  was 
rector.  Through  his  exertions  a  lot  was  secured, 
and  a  brick  house  which  cost  $20,000  was  built  and 
dedicated  May  6,  1821.  A  large  congregation  was 
soon  collected.  Dr.  Brantly's  labors  were  greatly 
blessed,  many  conversions  followed,  and  members 
were  added,  embracing  in  some  instances  men  and 
women  of  prominence  and  wealth  ;  and  when  Dr. 
Brantly  resigned,  in  182f>,  the  church  was  able  to 
give  his  successor  a  comfortable  support.  Perhaps 
the  church  owes  more  to  Dr.  Wm.  T.  Brantly,  Sr., 
than  to  any  other  man.  Since  his  time  it  has  gone 
steadily  forward,  increasing  in  strength  and  use 
fulness,  sending  out  four  colonies,  and  aiding  all 
the  grand  enterprises  sustained  by  the  denomina 
tion.  The  list  of  pastors  embraces  the  following: 
Rev.  James  Shannon,  from  1820  to  1829,  a  distin- 


A  UZTIX 


guished  scholar,  under  whose  labors  the  church  was 
prospered  ;  Rev.  C.  D.  Mallory,  from  1829  to  183"). 
Earnest  in  godliness,  he  was  a  great  blessing  to  the 
church.  Rev.  W.  J.  Hard  succeeded,  and  labored 
faithfully  until  1839.  In  the  autumn  of  1840,  Rev. 
Win.  T.  Brantly.  the  younger,  took  charge,  and 
continued  in  office  eight  years.  During  his  term 
of  office  several  precious  revivals  occurred,  and 
much  good  fruit  resulted  to  bless  the  church.  It 
was  found  necessary  to  enlarge  the  liouse  in  1846 
to  accommodate  the  congregation.  The  belfry  then 
erected  contains  the  bell,  a  present  from  Wm.  11. 
Turpin.  for  more  than  forty  years  a  devoted  friend 
and  member  of  the  church.  Brief  pastorates  then 
ensued  of  Rev.  N.  G.  Foster  and  Rev.  C.  B.  Jan- 
nett.  Dr.  J.  G.  Binnev  was  pastor  from  1852  to 
1855,  when  he  resumed  missionary  work  in  Bur- 
mah.  During  his  ministry  twenty  feet  more  were 
added  to  the  rear  of  the  building.  Rev.  J.  E. 
Ryerson,  a  mo<t  eloquent  man,  followed,  serving 
until  1*60.  Dr.  A.  J.  Hunting-ton  then  became 
pastor,  and  continued  in  charge  until  the  summer 
of  18i')").  llev.  J.  II.  Cuthbort  was  his  successor, 
under  whose  earnest  ministrv  the  church  was  re 
vived,  and  some  valuable  additions  made  to  the 
membership.  The  next  pastor  was  Rev.  -lames 
Dixon,  who  served  until  1*74;  then  Dr.  M.  B. 
Wharton  took  charge  and  labored  one  year  very 
successfully.  By  his  advice,  and  under  his  super 
intendence,  a  chapel  or  lecture-room,  which  is  with 
out  a  superior  in  the  State,  was  added  to  the  build 
ing.  Dr.  Wharton  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  W.  W. 
Landrum,  who  has  been  in  charge  since  Feb.  18, 
1876.  This  church  is  perhaps  the  second  Baptist 
church  in  the  State  as  regards  the  influence,  wealth, 
and  the  social  position  of  its  members,  coming  next 
after  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Atlanta.  Its 
building,  in  which  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention 
was  oiganized  in  1845,  though  not  architecturally 
beautiful  and  commanding,  is  capacious  and  com 
fortable.  With  one  exception  it  is  the  largest  Prot 
estant  audience-room  in  the  city.  Its  location  is 
central,  and  now,  as  when  first  selected,  on  one  of 
the  most  eligible  lots  in  the  city. 

Austin,  Rev.  Richard  H.,  born  in  Uniontown, 
Pa.,  Oct.  19,  1831,  was  converted  in  early  life,  and 
united  with  the  Methodist  Church  :  graduated  in 
the  Law  Department  of  Madison  College,  Pa.,  and 
afterwards  practiced  in  the  courts  of  Fayette  Co., 
Pa.  In  1856  he  was  baptized  at  rniontown,  by 
Rev.  I.  D.  King;  was  ordained  in  1857.  and  settled 
as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Brownsville,  Pa.  ;  was 
subsequently  pastor  at  Pottsville,  Meadville,  and 
Franklin,  Pa.  Failing  health  obliged  him  to  with 
draw  from  the  pastorate,  and  he  entered  upon  a 
business  life.  His  labors  soon  became  abundantly 
remunerated,  and  in  recognition  of  God's  claim 
upon  his  accumulating  wealth  he  scattered  and  still 


AUSTRALIAN 


A  YKR 


increased.  Many  needy  churches  ;in<l  pastors  be- 
Celine  the  recipients  of  his  benefactions,  and  he 
delighted  to  honor  God  with  his  substance.  In 
1ST'.'  lie  was  elected  president  of  the  I'ennsvlvanin 
Baptist  General  Association.  This  position  lie  still 
holds,  and.  having  retired  from  active  business  pur 
suits,  he  labors  with  x.eal  and  liberality  to  advance 
the  interests  of  State  mission  work.  lie  is  also  a 
member  of  the  board  of  curators  of  the  university 
at  Lewisburg.  lie  is  an  earnest  preacher,  and  has 
a  warm  heart  and  ready  hand  for  every  good  word 
and  work. 

Australian  Baptists. — The  earliest  mention  in 
official  reports  of  the  churches  founded  by  the  Bap 
tists  in  Australia  is  in  the  appendix  to  the  account 
of  the  session  of  the  Baptist,  I'nion  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,  held  in  London.  April  19-124.  1*44.  It 
is  there  stated  that  the  following  churches  had  been 
established:  Sydney.  3:  Port  -Jackson.  1:  Port 
Philip.  1  ;  Van  Piemen's  Land.  '2  ;  South  Australia, 
2:  in  all.  nine  churches.  The  number  of  mem 
bers  does  not  appear,  and  probably  was  very  small, 
the  colonies  being  then  in  their  infancy.  During 
the  next  twenty  years  the  population  of  the  several 
colonies  greatly  increased,  and  the  steady  stream 
of  immigration  from  the  mother-country  strength 
ened  the  existing  churches  and  promoted  the  for 
mation  of  others.  In  1X6.")  the  ollicial  report  of  the 
Baptist  I'nion  stated  that  there  were  26  churches 
in  Australia  and  2  in  New  /calami,  nearly  all  of 
them  having  pastors.  The  2  churches  in  Mel 
bourne  reported  an  aggregate;  membership  of  7-7, 
but  most  of  the  others  wen;  small,  only  1  besides 
having  more  than  100  members.  During  the  next 
few  years  some  efforts  were;  made  in  England  to 
secure  for  the  Australian  field  the  services  of  min 
isters  of  superior  training  and  ability,  and  the  prin 
cipal  cities  were  supplied  with  pastors  whose  pres 
ence  and  efforts  gave  an  impetus  to  denominational 
growth.  In  1874  there  were  22  churches  in  New 
South  Wales,  10  in  Queensland,  41  in  South  Aus 
tralia,  ")1  in  Victoria,  14  in  New  /ealand,  3  in  Tas 
mania,  or  A"an  Piemen's  Land.  The  population 
of  Victoria  was  731,f>3X.  and  the  aggregate  Baptist 
membership  about  1701).  From  the  Baptist  Union 
report  for  the  present  year  (1SSO)  it  appears  that 
much  has  been  done  in  later  years  to  consolidate 
and  unify  the  denomination.  Scarcely  any  of  the 
Australian  churches  are  unassociated,  and  societies 
for  promoting  missions  in  foreign  countries,  for  suc 
coring  weak  churches,  and  for  educating  students 
for  the  ministry  are  in  regular  working  order. 
The  Victorian  Association  reports  34  churches, 
with  a  membership  of  2636,  and  19  branch  schools 
and  stations,  367  Sunday-school  teachers,  and  3880 
scholars.  Besides  a  home  mission,  this  Association 
supports  several  native  missionaries  in  India.  The 
South  Australian  Association  has  38  churches  and 


5  preaching  stations.  21  preachers  engaged  in  min 
isterial  work,  and  231  I  members.     The  New  South 
Wales   Baptist   Union    reports    14   churches    and   4 
stat ions.  7  1  6  members.  1 03")  Sunday-school  scholars, 
II*    teachers,   and    it   circulates    a   denominational 
paper.    The  Queensland  Association  has  21  churches 
and  stations,  729  members,  10  pastors,  not  including 

6  German  Baptist  churches,  with  a  membership  of 
about  300.      In  Xew /ealand  there  is  1   Association 
in  the  south  of  the  island,  with  7  churches,  and  there 
are  about  twice  as  many  unassociated.     The  aggre 
gate   membership   is  I4-10.  with    1")    ministers.      No 
progress  appears   to   have  been  made  in  Tasmania, 
the  report  showing  the  existence  of  only  3  churches, 
but  giving  no  statistics.     The  total  number  of  Bap 
tist  churches  in  Australasia  may  be  given  approxi 
mately  as  127,  with  *7  ministers  and  7700  members. 
In    the   leading  cities  the  church  edifices  are  lari:e 
and  elegant,  that  in  Collins  Street,  .Melbourne,  ac 
commodating  JO.'iO  persons.      The   largest  member 
ship    is    reported    by    the    Hinders    Street    church. 
Adelaide,    namely.    474.     Two   of    the    Melbourne 
churches  report  more;  than  400  members  in  each. 

Avery,  Angus  Clark,  was  born  -Ian.  20.  1X36, 
in  Henry  Co.,  Mo.  The  Averys  first  settled  in 
Groton.  Conn.  Nine  of  them  were  killed  in  the 
war  of  the  Revolution.  Five  were  wounded  at 
Groton  Heights  in  17*1,  and  four  were  commis 
sioned  officers  in  the  struggle  for  independence. 
His  mother's  ancestors  settled  in  Virginia,  and 
were  active  in  the  war  for  independence.  His 
great-grandfather  was  killed  in  the  battle  of  Blue 
Lick.  Mr.  Avery  studied  two  years  in  Burrett 
College,  and  a  year  in  the  State  University  o,'  Mis 
souri,  and  graduated  from  Burrett  College  with 
valedictory  honors  in  1*5*.  He  studied  law,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1*60.  and  he  practiced 
law  in  Clinton.  Mo.,  till  the  war  suspended  busi 
ness,  lie  then  turned  his  attention  to  real  estate. 
and  is  now  the  largest  land-holder  in  the  county, 
and  he  has  done  more  than  any  other  man  for  the 
surrounding  country.  Through  great  difficulties 
lie  built  portions  of  the  Missouri.  Kansas  and 
Texas  Railroad,  and  lie  secured  the  completion  of 
this  great  highway.  He  established  the  first  Na 
tional  Bank  of  Clinton.  He  is  a  member  and  a 
deacon  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Clinton,  and  su 
perintendent  of  its  Sabbath-school,  and  he  con 
tributed  $10,000  to  build  its  house  of  worship. 
He  is  a  trustee  of  William  Jewell  College,  Mo., 
and  a  large  contributor  to  its  endowment.  Few 
men  are  more  favorably  known  than  Mr.  Avery. 
lie  is  a  man  of  large  means  and  of  great  humility, 
and  he  is  an  untiring  worker  for  Jesus.  lie  holds 
many  important  offices,  and  he  is  growing  in  use 
fulness  as  a  citizen  and  as  a  Christian. 

Ayer,  Gen.  L.  M.,  was  born  in  Barnwell  Co., 
S.  C.,  in  1830,  of  wealthy  parents,  lie  is  a  grad- 


BABCOCK 


51 


BABCOCK 


uate  of  the  South  Carolina  College  ;  studied  law, 
but  gave  his  attention  chiefly  to  politics;  served 
several  terms  in  the  Legislature,  was  a  general  of 
militia,  and  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Con 
gress,  but  the  beginning  of  the  war  prevented  him 
from  taking  his  seat.  He  was  afterwards  in  the 


Confederate  Congress.  About  ten  years  ago  he 
became  a  Baptist,  and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry. 
He  is  remarkable  for  kindness  and  hospitality,  and 
is  an  able  speaker.  He  has  recently  published  a 
work  on  infant  salvation,  which  has  elicited  high 
commendation. 


Babcock,  Gen.  Joshua,  born  in  Westerly,  R.  I.. 
in  IT"":  graduated  at  Yale  College:  studied  med 
icine  and  surgery  in  Boston  and  in  England  :  set 
tled  in  his  native  town  ;  was  an  accomplished 
scholar;  much  in  public  business;  became  chief 
justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Rhode  Island:  in 
timate  with  Benjamin  Franklin  ;  first  postmaster 
in  Westerly  in  1770  ;  had  an  elegant  mansion,  still 
standing;  enrolled  a  Baptist;  one  of  the  first  cor 
porators  of  Brown  University  in  1704,  and  one  of 
the  board  of  fellows  in  1770  ;  a  major-general  of 
militia  in  1770  ;  very  active  in  the  Revolution  ;  had 
two  half-brothers  and  three  sons  that  graduated  at 
Yale  College.  His  son.  Col.  Henry,  became  distin 
guished,  and  was  a  Baptist,  having  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Boston,  Mass.  Dr.  Joshua 
died  in  Westerly,  April  1,  17X3,  aged  seventy-six. 

Babcock,  Rev.  Oliver  W.,  the  pastor  of  the 

Baptist  church  in  Omro,  Wis.,  is  a  native  of  Swan- 
ton.  Franklin  Co.,  Vt..  where  he  was  born  in  1S18, 
and  where  he  passed  his  childhood  and  youth.  He 
began  his  ministry  in  his  native  State  with  the 
Baptist  church  at  Enosburg  Falls,  where  he  was 
ordained  Sept.  24.  184'.).  He  was  pastor  at  East 
Enosburg,  North  Fairfax.  North  and  South  Fair- 
field,  and  Fletcher,  in  Vermont.  In  New  York  he 
served  the  Baptist  church  at  Stockholm  two  years, 
Malone  five  years,  Madrid  one  year,  and  Gouvcr- 
neur  seven  years.  In  1807,  under  appointment  of 
tin;  American  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Society,  he 
went  to  Wisconsin,  and  became  pastor  at  Manasha 
and  Neenah,  where  he  labored  six  years.  He  sub 
sequently  became  pastor  for  a  brief  period  at  Ap- 
pleton,  and  he  is  now  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Omro,  where  he  has  labored  with  much  accept 
ance  for  six  years. 

Babcock,  Rev.  Rufus,  son  of  Elias  Babcock, 
was  born  in  North  Stonington,Conn.,  April  22, 1758. 
His  father,  a  Separatist  and  then  a  Baptist,  moved 
with  his  parents,  about  1775,  to  North  Canaan, 
Conn.  ;  was  two  or  three  times  called  out  as  a  sol 
dier  in  the  Revolution ;  served  with  the  company  of 
Capt.  Timothy  Morse,  whose  daughter  he  married  ; 


in  17X3  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Joshua  Morse  :  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  Landisfield.  Mass.,  by 
which,  afterwards,  he  was  licensed  to  preach  ;  gath 
ered  a  church  in  Colebrook,  Conn.,  where  he  was 
ordained  in  1794;  the  first  minister  of  any  denomi 
nation  settled  in  that  town  :  began  his  preaching 
in  a  barn  in  mid-winter  :  preached  also  widely  in 
the  towns  adjacent  with  large  success  ;  served  the 
Colebrook  church  as  pastor  till  he  was  seventy-three 
years  old  :  received  above  5(10  members  :  educated 
his  two  younger  sons,  Cyrus  Giles,  and  Rufus,  Jr., 
at  Brown  University, — the  former  graduated  in 
1X10,  and  died  soon  after, — the  latter  graduated 
in  1X21  and  became  the  widely-known  Baptist 
preacher.  Dr.  Rufus  Babcock  ;  he  had  a  vigorous 
mind,  was  an  effective  preacher,  widely  known 
and  greatly  honored,  lie  died  in  November.  1X42, 
aged  eighty-four  years. 

Babcock,  Rufus,  D.D.,  wsis  born  in  Colebrook, 
Conn..  Sept.  IX.  17'JX.  His  father  was  the  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  that  place.  He  entered 
Brown  University  in  1X17,  and  passed  through  the 
full  course  of  study,  graduating  in  1X21.  Among 
his  classmates  were  President  Eliphaz  Fay,  of 
Waterville  College;  Hon.  Levi  Haile,  judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Rhode  Island;  and  the  well- 
known  Dr.  Samuel  G.  Howe,  of  Boston.  Not  long 
after  leaving  college  he  was  appointed  tutor  in 
Columbian  College,  now  Columbian  University, 
which,  under  llev.  Dr.  Staughton,  had  recently 
been  established  in  AVashington,  D.  C.  During  his 
connection  with  the  college  lie  pursued  his  theologi 
cal  studies  under  the  direction  of  its  gifted  presi 
dent,  having  already  received  a  license  to  preach 
from  the  church  of  which  he  was  a  member.  He 
was  ordained  in  1X23  by  the  Hudson  River  Asso 
ciation  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y..  and  shortly  after 
his  ordination  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  that  place.  Here  he  remained  until  invited  to 
Salem,  Mass.  There  he  had  a  most  happy  ai;d 
successful  ministry  from  1820  to  1X33.  He  was 
then  invited  to  take  the  presidency  of  Waterville 
College  (now  Colby  University),  which  office  he 


BAECOCK 


52 


BACKUH 


held  for  nearly  four  years,  Retiring  from  it,  he 
took  charge  successively  of  the  Spruce  Street  church 
in  Philadelphia,  the  First  Baptist  church  in  New 
Bedford,  Mass.,  then  again  of  the  church  in 
Poughkeepsie  where  he  commenced  his  ministry. 
His  last  pastorate  was  in  Paterson,  X.  J.  In  the 
work  of  religious  organizations  which  were  con 
cerned  in  ifiviiiii  the  gospel  to  the  destitute  lie  took 
great  interest.  He  was  president  of  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society,  the  corresponding  sec 
retary  of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society, 
to  promote  whose  interests  he  wrote  and  traveled 
extensively.  At  different  times  he  acted  also  as  an 
agent  of  the  American  Sunday-School  Union.  For 
these  places  of  trust  and  useful  labor  he  possessed 
rare  qualifications,  and  did  good  service  in  the 
cause  of  his  Master.  Dr.  Babcock  had  a  ready  pen, 
and  always  maintained  an  intimate  connection  with 
the  religious  press.  From  1841  to  1S45  he  was  the 
editor  of  the  Baptist  Memorial.  He  wrote  and 
published  during  his  life  several  volumes.  His 
correspondence  with  the  \V<tt<-li»mn,  as  it  is  now 
called,  extended  over  almost  the  entire  period  of  its 
existence,  lie  devoted  himself  with  ceaseless  dili 
gence  to  the  work  to  which  he  consecrated  the  dew 
of  his  youth  and  the  energies  of  his  riper  years. 
His  death  created  a.  void  which  has  never  in  all 
respects  been  filled.  When  he  left  the  world  it 
could  truly  be  said,  ';  Blessed  are  the  dead  which 
die  in  the  Lord  from  henceforth.  Yea,  saith  the 
Spirit,  that  they  may  rest  from  their  labors  ;  and 
their  works  do  follow  them." 

Dr.  Babcock  died  at  Salem,  Mass.,  where  he  had 
gone  to  visit  among  his  old  parishioners.  The  event 
occurred  May  4,  1875. 

Babcock,  Rev.  Stephen,  born  in  Westerly, 
R.  I.,  Oct.  12,  1706,  was  a  constituent  member  of 
the  Presbyterian  church  in  Westerly  in  1742,  and 
was  chosen  a  deacon  ;  became  a  Separatist ;  or 
ganized  the  Baptist  church  (Hill  church)  in  Wes 
terly,  April  5,  1750,  and  was  ordained  the  pastor 
on  the  same  day  ;  acted  a  conspicuous  and  effective 
part  in  the  great  "  Xew  Light"  movement ;  aided 
in  organizing  many  new  churches  ;  joined  in  call 
ing  the  famous  council  of  May  29,  1753,  held  in 
North  Stonington,  Conn.,  and  the  council  in  Exeter, 
R.  I.,  in  September,  1854;  bold,  faithful  standard- 
bearer  in  troublous  times ;  died  full  of  historic 
honor  Dec.  22,  1775.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  son, 
Rev.  Oliver  Babcock:  ordained  Sept.  18,  1776; 
good  and  faithful ;  died  Feb.  13,  1784,  in  his  forty- 
sixth  year. 

Backus,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Samuel  Backus,  of 
Norwich,  Conn.,  and  mother  of  Rev.  Isaac  Backus, 
the  Baptist  historian,  was  a  descendant  of  the  Plym 
outh  Winslows,  and  a  talented,  heroic  Christian 
woman  ;  was  converted  in  1721  ;  lost  her  husband 
in  1740  :  became  a  Separatist  with  her  son  in  1745  : 


was  suspended  from  communion  of  the  Congrega 
tional  church,  with  her  son  and  seven  others,  Oct. 
17,  1745;  Avas  imprisoned  for  refusing  to  pay  rates 
for  the  standing  order  in  October,  1752,  when  she 
wrote  her  son  the  letter  that  has  become  historic  ; 
and  died  Jan.  20,  1769.  Though  she  did  not  unite 
with  the  Baptists,  as  there  Avas  then  no  Baptist 
church  in  that  region,  yet  she  evidently  held  firmly 
and  suffered  bravely  for  some  of  their  distinguish 
ing  principles. 

Backus,    Rev.  TsaaC,    was    born    at    Norwich, 
Conn.,  Jan.  9,  1724,  of  parents  who  were  actively 


REV.   ISAAC    BACKUS. 

identified  with  the  "  pure"  Congregationalism  as 
opposed  to  the  Say  brook  platform,  and  his  early 
religious  training  influenced  greatly  his  future  life. 
He  was  converted  in  1741  during  the  Great  New 
England  Awakening,  but  did  not  join  himself  to 
the  church  until  ten  months  later,  and  then  with 
much  hesitation,  owing  to  the  laxity  of  church  dis 
cipline  and  its  IOAV  state  of  religious  feeling.  From 
this  church — the  First  Congregational  of  Norwich 
— he  and  others  soon  separated  themselves,  and 
began  to  hold  meetings  on  the  Sabbath  for  mutual 
edification.  Feeling  himself  called  by  God  to  the 
work  of  his  ministry,  he  .shortly  after  began  to 
exhort  and  preach,  although  there  Avere  at  that  time 
penal  enactments  against  public  preaching  by  any 
except  settled  pastors,  unless  with  their  consent 
and  at  their  express  desire.  He  was,  however,  un 
molested,  and  addressed  himself  earnestly  to  the 
Avork  of  a  pastor  and  evangelist,  his  first  pastorate 
being  that  of  a  Separate  church  at  Middleborough, 
to  which  he  was  ordained  in  1748.  In  the  follow- 


KACKCS 


53 


BACKUS 


ing  year  he  married  Susannah  Mason,  of  Rehoboth, 
with  whom  he  lived  fifty-one  years,  and  of  whom 
he  wrote  near  the  close  of  his  life  that  he  consid 
ered  her  the  greatest  earthly  blessing  God  had  given 
him. 

The  subject  of  baptism  was  agitating  the  church 
of  which  Mr.  Backus  took  charge,  and  it  was  only 
•uf'ter  a  long  and  bitter  struggle  with  himself  that 
two  years  later  he  was  enabled  to  put  aside  all 
doubts  and  perplexities  on  the  subject  and  come 
out  unreservedly  for  baptism  through  a  profession 
of  faith.  His  stand  on  this  subject  and  his  baptism 
by  Elder  Peirce,  of  Rhode  Island,  soon  led  to  his 
exclusion  from  the  church,  although  he  did  not 
consider  himself  a  Baptist,  nor  did  he  desire  to 
connect  himself  with  that  denomination.  lie  con 
tinued  his  labors  as  an  evangelist  until  1756,  when, 
with  six  baptized  believers,  a  Baptist  church  was 
formed  in  Middleborough,  and  Mr.  Backus  was  or 
dained  its  pastor.  In  1765  he  was  elected  a  trustee 
of  Brown  University,  which  position  he  held  for 
thirty-four  years. 

At  this  time  the  Baptists  were  subject  to  much 
oppression  and  persecution  by  the  civil  powers  of 
Massachusetts.  They  were  taxed  for  the  mainte 
nance  of  the  state  churches,  and  upon  refusal  of 
payment  of  rates  their  lands  and  goods  were  dis 
tressed,  and  themselves  put  in  prison.  In  1774, 
Mr.  Backus  was  chosen  agent  of  the  Baptist 
churches  of  Massachusetts,  and  to  his  faithful  and 
untiring  labors  we  owe  much  of  our  present  civil 
liberty.  For  ten  years  he  labored  and  struggled 
and  wrote  for  exemption  from  the  burdens  laid 
upon  the  Baptists;  but  although  not  entirely  unsuc 
cessful  he  did  not  live  to  see  the  fruit  of  his  work, 
the  entire  severance  of  church  and  state  in  Massa 
chusetts  not  taking  place  until  1833. 

In  1774,  Mr.  Backus  was  sent  as  the  agent  of  the 
Bapt'st  churches  of  the  Warren  Association  to 
Philadelphia  to  endeavor  to  enlist  in  their  behalf 
the  Continental  Congress,  which  met  there  at  that 
time.  He  with  agents  from  other  Associations  con 
ferred  with  the  Massachusetts  delegation  and  others, 
and  President  Manning,  of  Brown  University,  read 
a  memorial  setting  forth  the  grievances  and  op 
pressions  under  which  the  Baptists  labored,  and 
praying  for  relief  therefrom.  The  result  of  this 
effort  on  the  part  of  the  Xew  England  Baptists  to 
obtain  religious  freedom  was  hurtful  rather  than 
advantageous.  After  the  adjournment  of  the  Con 
tinental  Congress  most  unjust  and  untruthful  re 
ports  were  circulated  in  regard  to  the  proceedings 
of  the  conference.  The  Baptists  were  accused  of 
presenting  false  charges  of  oppression  in  order  to 
prevent  the  colonies  uniting  in  defense  of  their  lib 
erties.  To  counteract  if  possible  these  injurious 
reports  Mr.  Backus  met  the  Committee  of  Griev 
ances  at  Boston,  and  they  drew  up  an  address 


affirming  their  loyalty  to  the  colonies  and  defend 
ing  their  action  at  Philadelphia,  and  it  was  pre 
sented  to  the  Congress  of  Massachusetts  then  in 
session.  In  1775,  when  the  General  Court  met  at 
Watertown,  Mr.  Backus  sent  in  a  memorial,  setting 
forth  with  great  plainness  the  policy  of  the  State 
towards  those  who  were  not  of  the  Standing  Order, 
and  demanding  religious  liberty  as  the  inherent 
right  of  every  man.  This  memorial  was  twice 
read  in  the  Assembly,  and  permission  was  given 
Dr.  Fletcher  to  bring  in  a  bill  for  the  redress  of  the 
grievances  "  he  apprehended  the  Baptists  labored 
under.'1  The  bill  was  brought  in  but  never  acted 
upon  by  the  House.  Under  the  direction  of  the 
Association,  which  met  that  year  at  Warren,  Mr. 
Backus  then  drew  up  a  letter  to  all  the  Baptist 
societies  asking  for  a  general  meeting  of  their  dele 
gates  for  devising  the  best  means  for  attaining  their 
religious  freedom.  In  1777  he  read  an  address  be 
fore  the  Warren  Association  "  To  the  People  of 
New  England''  on  the  subject  of  religious  freedom, 
and  the  same  year  his  first  volume  of  the  "  History 
of  New  England"  was  issued.  In  the  following 
year  he  read  before  the  Warren  Association  another 
paper  on  religious  liberty,  which  was  published  at 
their  unanimous  request.  In  1779  he  published  in 
the  Independent  Chronicle,  of  Boston,  a  reply  to  (be 

1  statement  made  at  the  drafting  of  the  proposed 
new  State  constitution,  that  the  Baptists  had  never 
been  persecuted,  and  they  had  sent  their  agent  to 
Philadelphia  in  1774  with  a  false  memorial  of  their 
grievances  in  order  to  prevent  the  union  of  the 
colonies.  This  false  assertion  was  made  in  order 
to  obtain  votes  necessary  to  carry  Article  III.  in 
the  Bill  of  Rights,  which  gave  to  civil  rulers  powers 

:  in  religious  matters.  In  1780  the  Baptist  Conven 
tion  published  an  appeal  to  the  people  against  this 
article,  which  led  to  a  newspaper  controversy,  in 
which  the  Baptists  were  defended  by  Mr.  Backus. 
A  protest  was  then  issued  by  the  Association,  but 
the  General  Court  nevertheless  adopted  the  objec 
tionable  article,  and  the  Warren  Association  through 
their  agent  again  addressed  the  Baptists  of  the 
State.  Under  the  new  constitution  the  Baptists, 
"  if  they  gave  in  certificates  to  the  ruling  sect  that 
they  belonged  to  a  Baptist  society,  and  desired  their 
money  to  go  to  the  minister  thereof,  he  (the  min 
ister)  could  sue  the  money  out  of  the  hands  of 
those  who  took  it."  Mr.  Backus  met  the  Com 
mittee  of  Grievances  in  1785  to  consult  with  them 
in  relation  to  their  course  of  action  under  such 
ruling.  They  concluded  to  accept  the  compromise 
despite  the  earnest  objections  of  Mr.  Backus.  Had 
they  been  willing  to  resist,  even  to  the  loss  of  theii 
property,  the  giving  in  of  certificates,  and  had  they 
demanded  the  entire  separation  of  church  and  state, 
the  desired  end  would  no  doubt  have  been  attained 
many  years  before  it  was. 


BACKUS 


In  1789,  Mr.  Backus  visited  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina,  at  the  request  of  the  brethren,  for  tlio 
purpose  of  strengthening  and  building  up  their 
churches.  lie  spent  six  months  in  this  work,  and 
was  the  means  of  accomplishing  much  good.  The 
distance  he  traveled  while  there — some  3000  miles 
— and  the  number  of  sermons  preached — ['21}  — 
show  the  marvelous  energy  of  the  man,  and  the 
immense  amount  of  work  lie  must  have  accom 
plished  during  his  ministerial  life. 

Mr.  Backus  continued  in  the  active  duties  of  a 
pastor  and  evangelist  until  Avithin  a  short  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  Nov.  20,  1806.  In  ap 
pearance  lie  was  tall  and  commanding,  and  in  later 
years  inclined  towards  portliness.  He  possessed 
an  iron  constitution,  and  Avas  capable  of  great 
physical  endurance. 

The  historical  works  of  Mr.  .Backus  are  of  great 
value  on  account  of  the  deep  research  he  made;  in 
the  collection  of  his  material,  and  his  impartiality 
in  presenting  the  facts.  The  Baptists  owe  much 
to  him  for  the  discovery  and  preservation  of  many 
interesting  and  important  events  concerning  their 
history  during  colonial  times. 

BackllS,  Jay  S.,  D.D.,  a  Baptist  clergyman.  \vas 
born  in  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  17,  1810.  and 
died  in  Groton,  N.  Y.,  1879.  He  studied  at  Madi 
son  University,  but  by  reason  of  serious  illness, 
Avhich  crippled  him  for  life,  he  did  not  finish  his 
course.  Nevertheless  the  degrees  of  Master  of  Arts 
and  Doctor  of  Divinity  Avere  conferred  on  him  by 
that  university.  lie  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  of  Groton,  N.  Y..  Avhich  he  served 
Avith  marked  success.  During  this  pastorate  he 
labored  as  an  evangelist,  assisting  other  ministers 
in  special  revival  meetings.  In  this  Avork  he  Avas 
knoAvn  as  a  preacher  of  great  power.  He  also 
served  as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Auburn,  N.  Y.,  the  McDougal  Street  and  the 
South  Baptist  churches  of  the  city  of  NCAV  York. 
and  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Syracuse,  Avhose 
house  of  Avorship  had  been  burned  Avhile  unin 
sured.  By  undaunted  effort,  perseverance,  and 
financial  tact  he  secured  a  new  and  better  house. 
and  dedicated  it  free  from  debt. 

For  a  few  years  he  Avas  associate  editor  of  the 
New  York  Chronicle  Avith  Dr.  Pharcellus  Church. 
In  1862  he  Avas  elected  secretarv  of  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  a  position  of  great 
responsibility  and  high  honor.  The  energy,  the 
/eal.  the  sanctified  ambition,  so  characteristic  of 
the  man,  made  him  one  of  the  most  successful 
managers  of  that  great  enterprise. 

Bacon,  Joel  Smith,  D.D.,  Avas  born  in  Cayuga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  3,  1802.  In  1821  he  entered 
Homer  Academy,  and  after  two  years'  study  he 
Avas  admitted  to  the  Sophomore  class  at  Hamilton 
College,  Clinton,  N.  Y'.,  Avhere,  in  1826,  he  gradu- 


54  BA  CON 

ated  Avith  honors.  AVhile  at  college  he  was  distin 
guished  for  scholarship  and  readiness  in  debate. 
Among  his  classmates  were  Dr.  Hague,  Judge  Bos- 
Avorth.  Dr.  Carrnichael,  and  others  eminent  in  church 


JOEL    SMITH     BACON,    D.U. 

and  state.  For  one  year  after  his  graduation  Dr. 
Bacon  taught  school  in  Amelia  Co.,  A'a.  The  year 
following  he  took  charge  of  a  classical  school  in 
Princeton,  N.  .1.,  and  Avhile  there  associated  inti 
mately  with  members  of  the  faculties  of  the  col 
lege  and  the  seminary,  and  Avas  highly  esteemed 
by  them.  In  1829  he  accepted  the  presidency  of 
Georgetown  College,  and  held  it  for  ten  years, 
with  the  universal  respect  of  the  students,  of  the 
trustees,  and  of  the  community.  In  1831  he  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry.  In  1833  he  resigned  the 
presidency  of  Georgetown  College  and  accepted 
the  position  of  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Nat 
ural  Philosophy,  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  Shortly 
after  entering  upon  his  duties  at  his  request,  he 
Avas  transferred  to  the  chair  of  Moral  and  Mental 
Philosophy,  a  department  of  study  usually  con 
ducted  by  presidents  of  colleges.  The  death  of  his 
father-in-law.  Capt.  Porter,  led  Prof.  Bacon,  in 
1837,  to  resign  his  professorship,  and  removing  to 
Salem,  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Lynn,  Mass.  lie  remained  for  nearly 
three  years,  greatly  esteemed  by  the  church  and 
all  Avho  knc\v  him.  In  December,  1839,  Dr.  Bacon 
resigned  his  pastorate.  In  1843,  two  years  after 
the  resignation  of  Dr.  Cliapin,  Dr.  Bacon  Avas 
elected  president  of  the  Columbian  College.  Wash 
ington,  D.  C.  His  connection  Avith  the  college  Avas 
a  successful  one,  and,  as  in  all  the  positions  which 


BACON 


55 


BA  COX 


he  occupied,  he  showed  himself  well  adapted  to  the 
responsible  and  arduous  duties  of  the  station. 
After  serving  as  president  for  eleven  years  he 
resigned,  and  devoted  his  energies  to  female  edu 
cation  in  Georgia,  Louisiana.  Virginia,  and  Ala 
bama.  He  accepted  an  appointment  in  ISb'IJ  from 
the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  to  dis 
tribute  Bibles  among  the  colored  people,  and  the 
amount  of  good  he  accomplished  by  way  of  counsel, 
instruction,  and  encouragement  among  the  freed- 
men  the  records  of  eternity  only  will  reveal.  It 
was  a  lowly  work  for  one  who  for  so  manv  years 
had  been  a  leader  among  the  most  intellectual  of 
the  land,  but  a  work  which,  nevertheless,  he  en 
joyed  with  his  whole  heart.  In  this  work  of  two 
or  three  years  Dr.  Bacon  '  linished  his  course." 
On  Sunday,  Oct.  31.  1S<><).  Dr.  Bacon  had  the  pleas 
ure  of  baptizing  two  of  his  daughters,  then  pupils 
at  Edgewood,  a  school  at  Fluvanna,  Va.,  in  the 
Rivanna  River,  one  of  them  relating  her  experience 
on  the  bank  in  the  presence  of  a  large  and  weep 
ing  circle  of  spectators.  He  reached  his  home 
in  Richmond  November  3  ;  in  two  clays  after  he 
was  attacked  by  pleurisy  and  pneumonia,  and  on 
the  following  Wednesday  fell  asleep  in  Christ.  Dr. 
Bacon's  mind  was  versatile  and  practical,  and  he 
was  fond  of  studying  men  and  things  as  well  as 
books.  He  was  an  acute  inquirer  ;  he  was  an  in 
teresting  and  practical  preacher,  always  command-  ! 
ing  attention  and  awakening  and  stimulating 
thought.  As  a  man,  he  was  of  pure  and  loftv  sen 
timents,  with  broad  and  generous  sympathies,  and 
with  kindly  affections. 

The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon 
Dr.  Bacon  in  1S45. 

Bacon,  Prof.  Milton  E.,  a  distinguished  edu 
cator  in  Mississippi,  was  born  in  1818  in  the  State 
of  Georgia.  He  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Georgia  in  1838,  and  soon  after  engaged  in  teach 
ing.  In  184.')  he  founded  the  "  Southern  Female 
College''  at  Lagrange.  Ga..  where  lie  labored  about 
fourteen  years.  He  then  removed  to  Aberdeen, 
Miss.,  and  established  the  Aberdeen  Female  Col 
lege;,  where  he  taught  nine  years.  He  was  very 
much  loved  by  his  pupils,  and  often  received  the 
highest  testimonials  of  their  esteem.  In  1879,  by 
invitation  of  the  alumni  of  Lagrange  College,  there 
was  a  reunion  of  Prof.  Bacon  with  his  old  pupils 
at  Atlanta,  Ga.  This  interesting  meeting  was  at 
tended  by  hundreds  of  ladies  from  a  number  of 
the  surrounding  States.  Prof.  Bacon  has  long 
been  an  active  and  zealous  Baptist. 

Bacon,  Rev.  William,   M.D.,  was   born    at 

Greenwich,  X.  J.,  June  30,  ISO'J.  r>irlv  in  life 
he  united  with  the  Presbyterian  Church.  Soon 
afterwards  his  thoughts  were  turned  towards  the 
ministry,  and.  encouraged  by  his  friends,  lie  entered 
upon  a  course  of  collegiate  study  at  the  University 


of  Pennsylvania,  where  he  graduated  at  the  age  of 
twenty.  About  this  time,  having  begun  to  question 
the  reality  of  his  conversion,  and  consequently  his 
call  to  the  ministry,  he  studied  medicine,  and  com 
menced  practice  at  Allowaystown,  Salem  Co.,  N.  J. 
Here  he  was  brought  under  the  ministry  of  Rev. 
Joseph  Sheppard.  the  loved  and  revered  pastor  of 
the  church  at  Salem,  through  whose  intelligent  and 
faithful  counsels  he  was  brought  into  the  liberty  of 
the  children  of  God,  and  by  whom  he  was  bapti/ed. 
The  desire  to  preach  the  gospel  was  now  kindled 
anew  in  his  heart.  Ordained  as  an  evangelist,  he 
went  everywhere  preaching  the  Word,  the  Lord 
working  with  him  and  crowning  his  labors  with 
great  success.  In  1830  he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Pittsgrove,  in  1833  of  the  church  at 
\Voodstown.  and  in  1838  of  the  church  at  Dividing 
Creek.  In  all  these  churches  lie  served  faithfully 
and  well  his  Lord  and  the  souls  of  the  people.  His 
pastorate  at  the  latter  place  lasted  eleven  years,  and 
appears  to  have  been  one  of  unusual  prosperity. 
Weighed  down  by  these  years  of  toil,  and  hindered 
by  domestic  cares  and  afflictions  from  giving  him 
self  wholly  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  he  retired 
from  pastoral  duties  and  resumed  the  practice  of 
medicine,  in  which  he  continued  till  his  death.  He 
was  held  in  much  esteem  by  the  public,  and  at  the 
earnest  request  of  the  people  of  the  district  in  which 
he  lived  he  served  them  two  successive  terms  in  the 
Legislature  of  the  State,  commanding,  by  his  in 
telligence,  integrity,  and  moral  worth,  the  respect 
of  every  member  of  the  House.  At  the  age  of 
sixty-six,  after  a  brief  sickness,  he  fell  asleep  in 
Jesus,  at  Newport,  N.  J. 

Bacon,  Winchell  D.,  of  Waukesha,  Wis.,  was 
born  at  Stillwater,  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.  His  father 
was  a  farmer.  His  mother's  maiden  name  was 
Lydia  Barber  Daisley.  He  remained  on  his  father's 
farm  until  nineteen  years  of  age,  and  then  went  to 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  served  as  a  clerk  in  a  store  for 
two  years.  In  1837  he  accompanied  his  father's 
family  to  Butternuts,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  his 
father  had  purchased  land,  and  here  he  again  en 
gaged  in  farming.  In  September,  1841,  he  started 
with  his  wife  for  the  West,  and  settled  in  Prairie- 
ville,  now  Waukesha.  Here  IK;  bought  a  farm,  and 
engaged  in  the  occupation  for  which  he  was  trained. 
In  connection  with  his  farming  he  entered  exten 
sively  into  business  pursuits  in  Waukesha.  in 
which  he  was  pre-eminently  successful.  In  1863, 
Mr.  Bacon  was  appointed  paymaster  in  the  army, 
and  served  in  that  capacity  for  some  time.  In  1805 
he.  with  other  citi/.ens,  organized  the  Farmers'  Na 
tional  Bank  of  Waukesha,  and  he  was  elected  pres 
ident.  In  1853  he  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature. 
He  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of 
the  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Institute,  and  of  the  University  of  Chicago. 


BAG  BY 


In  early  life  Mr.  Bacon  made  a  profession  of  re 
ligion  and  united  with  the  Baptist  Church.  lie  is 
decided  in  his  religious  convictions  and  denomina 
tional  preferences.  Mr.  Bacon  in  some  commu 
nities  would  be  called  a  radical  man.  He  certainly 
has  the  courage  of  his  convictions,  and  is  outspoken 
on  all  subjects  that  relate  to  the  reformation  of  so 
ciety  and  the  State.  He  is  the  fearless  enemy  of 
all  oppression  and  wrong,  lie  has  a  wife  and  three 
children  living.  Joshua,  his  only  son,  is  one  of  the 
rising  physicians  of  the  county  and  State. 

Bagby,  Rev.  Alfred,  was  born  -June  If),  1828, 
at  Stevensville,  King  and  Queen  Co.,  A'a.,  and  is 
a  son  of  John  Bagby,  who  is  still  living,  and  in 
his  eighty-seventh  year.  Two  brothers  also  entered 
the  ministry,  Rev.  Prof.  G.  F.  Bagby.  of  Bethel 
College,  Ky.,  and  Rev.  II.  II.  Bagby,  D.I).,  who 
died  in  1870.  He  was  educated  mainly  at  Stevens 
ville  Academy  and  at  the  Columbian  College,  where 
he  graduated  in  1S47.  In  1850  he  entered  Prince 
ton  Theological  Seminary.  N.  J..  but  owing  to  the 
failure  of  his  health  he  was  obliged  to  leave  in 
1851.  He  spent  two  years  in  teaching  in  New 
Kent  Co.,  Va.,  and  was  principal  of  the  Stevens 
ville  Academy  from  1856  to  1859.  Mr.  Bagby  has 
been  pastor  of  churches  at  Ilicksford  and  at  Mount 
Olivet,  Va.  In  1855  he  took  charge  of  the  church 
at  Mattapony,  where  he  has  been  the  honored  and 
successful  pastor  for  twenty-three  years.  He  also 
started  an  interest  at  West  Point,  Va.,  where  he  is 
now  laboring  in  conjunction  with  Mattapony.  The 
latter  church  has  been  greatly  blessed  under  Mr. 
Bagby's  ministry  in  the  development  of  the  gifts 
of  its  members,  among  whom  it  has  sent  forth  Rev. 
R.  II.  Bagby,  D.D.,  pastor  of  Bruington  church, 
Va.  ;  Rev.  John  Pollard,  D.D.,  pastor  of  Lee  Street 
church,  Baltimore;  Rev.  W.  B.  Todd,  Virginia; 
and  Rev.  W.  T.  Hundley,  Edgefield,  S.  C.  The 
meeting-house  at  Mattapony  was  built  in  colonial 
times  by  the  government  for  the  Established 
Church.  The  adjacent  grounds  are  crowded  by 
graves  and  monuments  of  the  dead,  not  a  few  of 
Avhich  antedate  the  Revolution  for  years.  The  re 
mains  of  George  Braxton,  the  father  of  one  of  the 
signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  repose 
here  under  a  plain  marble  slab. 

Bagby,  Richard  Hugh,  D.D.,  the  son  of  John 

and  Elizabeth  Bagby,  was  born  at  Stevensville, 
Va.,  June  16,  1820.  He  was  converted  while  a 
student  at  the  Virginia  Baptist  Seminary,  now 
Richmond  College,  and  became  a  member  of  the 
Bruington  Baptist  church  in  his  native  county  of 
King  and  Queen.  Of  his  conversion  he  writes,  "  I 
entered  the  seminary  at  Richmond,  and  nothing 
important  happened,  except  that  from  my  entrance 
my  religious  impressions  increased,  and  my  views 
of  the  pardon  of  sin  through  Christ  grew  brighter 
and  clearer,  until  my  distress  on  account  of  my 


50  BAILEY 

sins  was  so  great  that  I  gave  up  all  as  lost.  But 
one  morning  while  at  worship  in  the  chapel,  and 
in  the  act  of  praying.  I  determined  to  give  myself 
to  God,  to  work  lor  him  while  life  lasted,  arid  to 
trust  my  salvation  in  his  hands  through  the  riches 
of  his  grace  in  Christ  Jesus.  I  at  once  felt  relief.'' 
lie  graduated  at  the  Columbian  College  in  1839, 
after  which  he  studied  law.  Having  determined, 
however,  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry,  he  re 
linquished  the  practice  of  his  profession  ;  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1841  by  the  Mattapony 
church,  and  in  1842  ordained.  He  was  immedi 
ately  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Bruington 
church,  into  whose  fellowship  he  had  been  bap 
tized  eight  years  before.  In  this  field  he  remained 
twenty-eight  years,  a  laborious  and  eminently  suc 
cessful  pastor,  baptizing  large  numbers,  and  en 
couraging  the  membership  in  every  good  work. 
After  this  long  and  fruitful  pastorate  with  the 
Bruington  church,  he  accepted,  in  1870,  the  ap 
pointment  of  associate  secretary  of  State  Missions 
in  Virginia.  He  was  for  several  consecutive  ses 
sions  president  of  the  Baptist  General  Association 
of  the  State,  and  served  with  great  efficiency.  He 
received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.I),  from  the 
Columbian  College  in  1869.  He  died  Oct.  29,  1870, 
from  the  effects  of  an  illness  brought  on  by  ex 
hausting  labors  in  assisting  in  protracted  meetings. 
He  sleeps  in  the  burial-ground  of  the  church  at 
Bruington,  which  he  loved  so  earnestly  and  served 
so  well,  and  the  people  of  his  charge  have  erected 
over  his  remains  a  neat  marble  monument.  Dr. 
Bagby  stood  among  the  foremost  of  the  Virginia 
ministry  of  his  day.  Some  surpassed  him  in  learn 
ing  and  in  the  graces  of  style  :  but  for  clearness 
and  force,  for  directness,  earnestness,  and  effective 
ness  of  thought  and  manner,  he  was  rarely  ex 
celled.  As  a  pastor  he  had  but  few  peers.  His 
labors  were  largely  and  equally  blessed  in  turning 
souls  to  God  and  in  training  them  for  usefulness 
in  the  service  of  truth  and  holiness. 

Bailey,  Rev.  Alvin,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  Illinois,  was  born  at 
Westminster,  Vt.,  Dec.  9,  1802.  At  the  age  of 
fourteen  he  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
Coventry.  He  studied  for  the  ministry  at  Ham 
ilton,  graduating  in  1831.  In  the  same  year,  in 
company  with  his  classmate,  Gardner  Bartlett, 
afterwards  associated  with  him  in  Western  labor, 
he  was  ordained  at  Coventry.  Vt.  Removing  soon 
after  to  Illinois  with  his  wife,  a  sister  of  Dr.  George 
B.  Lie.  he  opened  a  school  at  Upper  Alton,  which 
may  perhaps  be  regarded  as  a  first  step  towards 
the  foundation  of  the  college  now  there.  He  at 
the  same  time  served  the  church  in  Alton  City  as 
its  pastor.  Removing  in  due  time  to  Carrollton, 
he  became  pastor  of  the  church  there.  Here  his 
wife  died,  and  he  married  the  widow  of  Rev.  Allen 


BAILEY 


57 


BAILEY 


B.  Freeman,  of  whose  early  death  in  Chicago  men 
tion  is  made  elsewhere.  Besides  at  Carrollton,  lie 
was  pastor  at  Winchester  and  Jacksonville,  pub 
lishing  at  the  latter  place  the  Voice  of  Truth,  and 
afterwards  the  Western  Mar.  In  1X47  he  returned 
to  New  York,  and  until  1853  served  churches  at 
Fast  Lansing  and  Belfast  in  that  State.  In  the 
last-named  year  he  accepted  a  recall  to  Carrollton, 
III.,  but  in  1X55  returned  to  Xew  York,  and  after 
a  six-years'  pastorate  at  McGrawville  and  one  at 
Dryden,  he  died  of  typhoid  pneumonia,  at  Etna, 
Tompkins  Co.,  May  9,  1867.  "  Alvin  Bailey,''  says 
1'r.  J.  I).  Cole,  '•  was  one  of  the  best  ministers  that 
ever  labored  in  the  Prairie  State." 

Bailey,  Rev.  C.  T.,  the  editor  of  the  mi,U<-nl  Re 
corder,  the  organ  of  the  Baptists  of  North  Carolina, 


KEV.   C.    T.    BAIIJCV. 

was  born  in  Willian»burg,  Ya.,  Oct.  24,  1X35.  Ho 
was  the  last  candidate  ever  baptized  by  Seervant 
Jones  :  was  educated  at  William  and  Mary  College, 
and  at  Richmond  College  :  was  ordained  in  1S5X, 
Revs.  W.  M.  Young.  William  Martin,  and  W.  A. 
Crandall  forming  the  presbytery,  at  Williamsburg ; 
went  into  the  army  as  a  private  in  1X01,  but  did 
not  remain  in  the  service;  long  ;  preached  to  several 
country  churches  in  Surrey  Co..  Va.  :  came  to  North 
Carolina  in  October,  1865,  and  became  master  of 
the  Reynoldson  Academy  in  Gates  County  :  removed 
to  Edenton  in  1868,  where  he  remained  as  pastor 
till  1871,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  Warrenton 
church.  In  1875  he  became  proprietor  of  the  Bib 
lical  Recorder,  which  he  has  since  conducted  with 
distinguished  ability  and  success. 
5 


Bailey,  Gilbert  Stephen,  D.D.,  son  of  George 

A.  Bailey,  was  born  in  Abington,  Pa.,  Oct.  17, 
1822.  While  a  student  in  Oberlin  College  he  be 
came  a  disciple  of  Christ,  and  was  baptized  in  Ab 
ington.  Oct.  10.  1X42.  Leaving  college  on  account 
of  illness,  he  taught  for  a  while,  and  preached  oc 
casionally.  He  was  ordained  May  20,  1845.  at 
Abington,  and  immediately  became  pastor  in  Can 
terbury.  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.  The  next  year  he  was 
sent  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  So 
ciety  to  Springfield,  111.,  and  accepted  the  pastor 
ate  of  the  church  there.  In  1849  he  removed  to 
Tremont.  Tazewcll  Co..  lil..  and  labored  there 
and  at  Pekin.  in  the  same  county,  six  years.  In 
December.  1855,  he  became  pastor  at  Metamora, 
Wood  ford  Co.,  111.,  and  continued  in  that  relation 
till  May,  1861.  He  labored  at  Morris.  111.,  from 
May.  1861.  till  December,  1863,  when  he  became 
superintendent  of  missions  for  the  Baptist  General 
Association  of  Illinois.  His  work  in  this  ofiice 
was  of  great  value,  and  was,  to  say  the  least,  con 
temporaneous  with  a  remarkable  growth  of  Baptist 
churches  in  Illinois.  From  October,  1X67,  to  July, 
1875,  he  was  secretary  of  the  Baptist  Theological 
Union,  which  was  formed  to  establish  and  endow 
the  theological  seminary  now  located  at  Morgan 
Park.  For  these  years  his  work  was  laborious  and 
self-sacrificing,  but  eminently  successful.  From 
Aug.  1.  1X75,  to  April  1,  1878,  he  ministered  to 
the  church  at  Pittston,  Pa.,  and  since  the  latter 
date  has  been  pastor  at  Niles.  Mich.,  where  a  new 
house  of  worship  lias  meanwhile  been  built.  He 
is  the  author  of  the  following  works,  vi/,.  :  "  His 
tory  of  the  Illinois  River  Baptist  Association," 
''The  Caverns  of  Kentucky,''  "Manual  of  Bap 
tism,"  ''The  Trials  and  Yictories  of  Religious 
Liberty  in  America,"  and  five  tracts.  Dr.  Bailey 
first  proposed  and  inaugurated  a  ministers'  insti 
tute  in  1864,  and  his  suggestion  has  been  widely 
accepted. 

Bailey,  Rev.  John,  a  distinguished  pioneer 
preacher  of  Kentucky,  and  one  of  the  first  pulpit 
orators  of  the  West  in  his  day,  was  born  in  North 
umberland  Co.,  Ya..  1748.  He  united  with  a  Bap 
tist  church  in  his  youth,  and  began  to  exhort  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  years.  He  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry  in  early  manhood.  He  moved  from  his 
birthplace  to  Pittsylvania,  where  he  gained  con 
siderable  reputation  as  a  pulpit  orator.  In  1784 
lie  moved  to  Kentucky,  and  settled  in  what  is  now 
Lincoln  County.  Here  he  gathered  Rush  Branch 
church,  and  became  its  pastor  in  1785.  In  the 
course  of  a  few  years  ho  gathered  McCormack's 
and  Green  River  churches.  Tie  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  that  formed  the  first  constitution  of 
Kentucky,  in  1792.  He  was  also  a  delegate  from 
Logan  County  to  the  convention  which  formed  the 
second  constitution  of  that  State,  in  1799.  About 


BAILEY 


58 


BAILEY 


this  period  he  adopted  the  doctrine  of  "  Universal 
Restoration,"  and  was  excluded  from  his  church. 
This  resulted  in  a  division  of  South  District  Asso 
ciation.  A  majority  of  the  churches  followed  the 
eloquent  Bailey  without  adopting  his  theory.  This 
faction  were  known  by  the  name  of  "  South  Ken 
tucky  Association  of  Separate  Baptists."  It  has 
since  become  three  Associations,  all  of  which  are 
now  weak  and  in  a  perishing  condition.  Mr.  Bailey 
labored  with  much  y.eal  and  diligence  among  the 
churches  of  this  sect  to  a  good  old  age.  He  main 
tained  a  spotless  moral  character,  and  was  very 
successful  in  building  up  these  churches.  He  was 
regarded  by  all  who  knew  him  as  a  good  and  great 
man.  lie  died  at  his  home  in  Lincoln  Co.,  Ky., 
July  3,  1816. 

Bailey,  Rev.  Joseph  Albert,  born  in  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  Aug.  17,  1823;  baptized  in  1837  by 
Rev.  J.  Cookson,  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  in  Middletown  ;  felt  a  call  to  the  ministry  ; 
preached  first  sermon  in  1847  ;  graduated  from 
Wesleyan  University  in  1849  ;  studied  theology  at 
Newton,  Mass.,  and  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  graduating 
from  the  latter  seminary  in  1851  ;  ordained  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Essex,  Conn.,  Oct.  22, 
1851,  the  sermon  by  Rev.  R.  Turnbull,  D.D.  ;  la 
bored  in  Essex  four  years  with  great  favor  ;  settled 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  Waterbury,  Conn.,  in 
September,  1855,  where  with  remarkable  success 
he  preached  for  about  eighteen  years,  and  until  his 
health  failed  ;  was  for  years  secretary  of  the  Con 
necticut  Baptist  State  Convention  ;  was  school 
visitor  for  Waterbury,  and  engaged  in  temperance 
and  other  good  causes.  In  March,  1873,  for  the 
recovery  of  his  health  he  sailed  for  Europe;  went 
to  Carlsbad,  in  Baden,  for  his  health  ;  there  died 
May  11,  1873,  in  his  fiftieth  year.  In  him  were 
blended  force  and  sweetness;  clear,  strong,  fervid 
preacher;  wise,  faithful  pastor;  hearty  friend;  be 
loved  by  all. 

Bailey,  Hon.  Joseph  Mead,  LL.D.— Among 
the  laymen  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  this 
country  Judge  Bailey  deservedly  holds  a  conspicu 
ous  place.  While  eminently  successful  in  his 
chosen  profession,  having  achieved  as  a  jurist  a 
foremost  position,  he  is  known  in  all  circles  as  a 
man  of  fine  culture,  an  intelligent,  earnest  Chris 
tian,  always  willing  to  be  known  as  such,  and  as  a 
steadfast  Baptist.  He  was  born  in  Middlebury, 
Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  22,  1833,  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  that  place  in  1847.  He 
prepared  for  college  at  the  Wyoming  Academy, 
entering  the  University  of  Rochester  as  Sophomore 
in  1851,  and  graduating  in  1854.  As  a  student  he 
was  known  rather  for  his  quiet  diligence  than  for 
brilliance  in  the  various  college  exercises,  ranking, 
however,  as  a  scholar  with  the  best.  He  studied 
law  at  Rochester,  and  in  1856  entered  upon  the 


practice  of  his  profession  at  Freeport,  111.  His 
success  was  immediate  and  marked.  In  1867  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Illinois  Legislature, 
and  re-elected  in  1869.  In  1876  he  was  one  of  the 
Presidential  electors  for  the  State  of  Illinois.  In 
1877  he  was  chosen  judge  of  the  Thirteenth  Judi 
cial  Circuit  ;  in  1878  judge  of  the  First  District  of 
the  Illinois  Appellate  Court,  and  in  1879  chief  jus 
tice  of  the  same  court.  His  official  duties  are  dis 
charged  at  Chicago,  though  his  residence  remains 
at  Freeport.  His  known  interest  in  the  cause  of 
higher  education  led  to  his  election  in  1878  as  trus- 

O 

tee  of  the  University  of  Chicago,  in  which  board 
he  now  also  holds  the  ofiice  of  vice-president.     In 
1879  he  received  from  the  universities  of  Rochester 
and  Chicago  the  degree  of  LL.D.     In  his  own  place 
of  residence,  as  well  as  throughout  the  State,  Judge 
Bailey  is  held  in  great  respect,  and  in  the  church 
of  his  membership   is   a  valued   counselor  and  co- 
laborer,  while  always  ready  with  liberal  donations. 
Bailey,  Rev.  Napoleon  A.,  was  born  in   Law 
rence  Co.,  Ala.,   Sept,   5.   1833.     His  mother  was 
from  Mary'and,  and  his  father  was  a  native  of  Yir- 
•inia.     In  July,  1850.  he  was  baptized  and  united 
with   the   Liberty    Baptist    church,    in    his    native 
county.     In  1853  he  was  licensed,  and  in  Septem 
ber.  1854.  he  entered  Union  University,  Murfrees- 
borough,  Term.,  where,  for  three  years, he  diligently 
pursued  his  studies,  graduating  in  July,  1869.     He 
was  regularly  set  apart  to  the  gospel  ministry  by 
ordination  in  November,  1857.     On  the  1st  of  Jan 
uary,  1858,  he  took  charge  of  Liberty  church,  into 
whose  fellowship  he  was  baptized,  and  soon  after 
moved  to  Florida,  on  account  of  a  severe  cough 
which  he  contracted  while  preaching  in  a  revival 
meeting.     His  health  being  restored  by  the  balmy 
climate  of  Florida,  he  removed  to  Georgia,  where 
for   a    number   of  years    he   preached    to    several 
churches  while  acting  as  president  of  the  Houston 
Female  College.    He  served  afterwards  the  churches 
at  Milledgeville  and  Dal  ton,  and  then  went  to  Cali 
fornia,  where  he  remained  a  year  and  a  half.     He 
then  returned  to  his  native  State,  and  subsequently 
removed  to  Georgia,  in  which  State  he  now  resides, 
at  Quitman.     For  six  years  Mr.  Bailey  has  filled 
the  position  of  assistant  secretary  of  the  Georgia 
Baptist  Convention.     He  is  a  faithful  and  zealous 
pastor,  an  able  preacher,  clinging  tenaciously  to 
the  cardinal  principles  of  the  denomination.     His 
conscientious  piety  and  hearty  co-operation  in  all 
the   leading  enterprises  of  the  denomination   are 
universally  recognized,  and  it  has  been  said  of  him 
that  he  is  one  of  those  few  "  to  whom  giving  seems 
to  be  a  real  luxury."    Candor,  sincerity,  and  a  firm 
adherence  to  his  convictions  of  right  are  prominent 
traits  in  his  character,  while  gentleness  and   self- 
sacrifice  are  in  him  happily  blended  with  fortitude 
and  courage. 


BAILEY 


59 


Bailey,  Rosa  Adams,  second  wife  of  Dr.  Silas 
Bailey,  was  born  in  Shelbyville,  Ind.,  May  3,  1843 
Her  father  was  related  to  the  family  of  John  Quincy 
Adams.  She  showed  an  earnest  love  for  study 
She  entered  the  Indianapolis  Baptist  Female  Insti 
tute.  While  a  student  there  she  was  converted  anc 
joined  the  First  Baptist  church.  After  graduation 
she  became  a  teacher  in  the  institute,  and  was  one 
of  the  most  efficient.  Mrs.  Ingalls  came  witli  a 
call  for  help  in  Burmah.  Mrs.  Bailey  went  wit! 
her  as  a  missionary  to  Ilenthada.  After  several 
years  of  labor,  failing  health  obliged  her  to  come 
home.  While  at  home  she  was  married  to  Dr. 
Bailey,  but  still  longed  to  return  to  Burmah.  In 
1873  they  sailed  for  France.  After  the  doctor's 
death  she  came  back  to  this  country,  preparatory 
to  a  return  to  Burmah.  She  resumed  her  work 
there  with  great  zeal,  but  was  attacked  with  cholera 
and  died  at  /eegong,  July  26,  1878. 

Mrs.  Bailey  was  a  lady  of  rare  talents,  of  win 
ning  graces,  of  great  piety,  arid  of  extensive  use 
fulness.  She  was  in  Philadelphia  for  a  short  time 
prior  to  her  last  departure  for  Burmah,  and  gained 
the  affections  of  hundreds  of  ladies  for  herself  and 
her  distant  mission. 

Bailey.  Silas,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Ster 
ling.  Worcester  Co.,  Mass..  June  12,  1809.  In  1828 
he  went  to  Amherst,  Mass.,  to  pursue  a  course 
of  study  to  fit  him  for  college.  Having  finished  his 
preparations,  he  heard  an  address  of  Dr.  Francis 
Wayland  that  led  him  to  enter  Brown  University. 
He  was  always  an  admirer  of  President  Wayland, 
and  the  president  has  often  expressed  his  regard  for 
the  ability  of  his  pupil. 

During  a  great  revival  in  the  university  he  was 
born  again.  In  the  language  of  Dr.  J.  G.  Warren, 
his  college-mate,  "  The  work  of  regeneration  was 
done  throughout  his  whole  being;  done  for  all  time 
and  for  all  eternity. ''  In  1834  he  became  principal 
of  the  Worcester  Academy,  Mass.,  and  was  very 
successful  in  conducting  its  operations.  In  1839 
he  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Thompson, 
Conn.  In  1842  he  was  appointed  agent  for  the 
Missionary  Union  for  the  State  of  New  York.  In 
1845  he  settled  as  pastor  of  the  church  at  West- 
borough.  Mass.,  and  in  1847  was  called  to  the  presi 
dency  of  Granville  College,  0.  He  labored  here 
several  years,  cheerfully  and  effectively.  He  left 
his  impress  upon  many  a  young  man  by  the  labors 
of  both  class-room  and  pulpit;  for  during  a  consid 
erable  part  of  the  time  he  was  both  president  of 
the  college  and  pastor  of  the  church.  Not  to  speak 
of  others,  it  is  sufficient  to  mention  President 
Talbot,  a  prince  in  thought  and  manhood,  a  grad 
uate  under  Dr.  Bailey  during  his  presidency  at 
Granville. 

In  1852  he  was  called  to  the  presidency  of  Frank 
lin  College,  Ind.,  and  he  was  soon  recognized  us  a 


leader  by  the  Baptists  of  the  State.  His  failing 
health  compelled  him  to  resign  in  1802.  In  1863 
he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  La  Fayette 
(Indiana)  church.  In  1866  he  was  invited  to  the 
chair  of  Theology  in  Kalamazoo  Theological  Semi 
nary,  Mich.  He  labored  here  in  both  the  seminary 
and  college  till  debility  compelled  him  to  resign  in 


SILAS    J5AILEV,   D.D.,    LL.D. 

1869.  He  then  returned  to  La  Fayette.  Here,  in 
1873,  within  two  weeks,  his  adopted  daughter,  Mrs. 
Moore,  and  his  wife  died.  After  several  months 
he  conceived  the  idea  of  visiting  the  Old  World. 
lie  was  married  to  Miss  llosa  Adams,  a  lady  of 
great  worth,  a  returned  missionary,  and  they  took 
passage  for  France.  He  died,  after  a  short  illness, 
in  Paris  on  the  30th  of  June,  1874.  He  left  his 
library  and  a  part  of  his  estate  to  Franklin  College. 
He  was,  in  I860,  president  of  the  Board  of  the 
Baptist  Missionary  Union.  Several  of  his  sermons 
have  been  published. 

A  memorial  volume  of  Dr.  Bailey  was  published 
by  J.  W.  T.  Booth,  D.D.,  of  La  Fayette,  Ind.,  in 
1876. 

Bailey,  Rev.  Thomas  M.,  was  born  in  Gracc- 
lill.  County  Antrim,  Ireland,  Dec.  27,  1829;  at 
tended  a  Moravian  school  up  to  his  fifteenth  year, 
lien  went  into  business,  in  which  he  remained 
;even  years,  three  of  the  seven  in  the  city  of  Dub- 
in  ;  felt  a  strong  desire  of  heart  to  preach  the 
gospel  in  his  sixteenth  year.  In  his  twenty-first 
•ear  he  was  appointed  by  the  Foreign  Mission 
Board  of  the  Moravian  Church  to  foreign  mission- 
iry  work  in  the  island  of  St.  Thomas,  Danish  West 


BAIXBRIDGE 


GO 


Indies.  Af'trv  a  few  months'  service  there  lie  was 
prostrated  with  yellow  fever  ;  becoming  convales 
cent,  his  physician  ordered  him  to  St.  Croix  for  a 
change,  and  there  his  labors  as  a  missionary  were 
expended;  in  the  foreign  field  nearly  four  years; 


months  of  this  pastorate  Mr.  Bainbridge  made  an 
extended  foreign  tour,  embracing  parts  of  Europe, 
Eu;ypt,  and  Palestine.  He  decided  to  accept  a  call 
to  the  Central  Baptist  church  in  Providence,  where 
the  pulpit  had  been  made  vacant  by  the  removal 
of  Rev.  TIeman  Lincoln.  D.D.,  to  the  Newton  The 
ological  Institution.  His  ministry  in  Providence 
commenced  -Tan.  1,  1809.  During  ten  years  of 
service  Mr.  Bainbridge's  ministry  has  been  a  suc 
cessful  one.  lie  lias  received  400  new  members, 
233  of  whom  he  has  bapti/.ed.  It  is  his  purpose  to 
devote  the  coming  two  or  three  years  to  travel, 


REV.    THOMAS    M.   HA  I  LEY. 

came  to  the  United  States  in  December,  185;");  was 
baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Gilgal  Baptist 
church,  in  South  Carolina,  by  Rev.  E.  F.  Whatley, 
in  the  spring  of  1856;  remained  in  South  Carolina 
two  years,  and  then  moved  to  Alabama;  has  been 
a  very  useful  pastor  of  various  country  and  village 
churches  until  the  year  1874,  when  he  became  State 
evangelist  and  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Ala 
bama  Baptist  State  Mission  Board,— a  position 
which  lie  still  holds  with  great  distinction  and 
with  rare  ability  and  efficiency.  He  is  a  man  of 
all  work,  a  good  preacher,  a  fine  speaker,  with  the 
most  pleasant  social  qualities,  and  withal  a  most 
useful  man.  lie  has  contributed  largely  to  the 
development  and  efficiency  of  the  Baptists  of  Ala 
bama. 

Bainbridge,  Rev.  W.  F.,  was  born  in  Stock- 
bridge,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  15,  1843.  He  was  baptized  by 
his  father,  Rev.  S.  M.  Bainbridge,  at  Wheatland, 
N.  Y.,  March  27.  1853,  at  the  early  age  of  ten  years. 
He  entered  Rochester  University  in  the  class  which 
graduated  in  1802.  lie  then  took  the  course  of 
study  in  the  Rochester  Theological  Institution, 
and  was  ordained  in  May,  1805,  as  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Erie,  Pa.  During  the  three 
and  a  half  vears  of  his  connection  with  the  church 
in  Erie  he  baptized  237  persons.  During  nine 


REV.   W.   V.   BAINBRIDGE. 

having  in  view  especially  a  visit  to  the  missionary 
stations  of  the  different  Christian  denominations  in 
various  parts  of  the  world. 

Baker,  Rev.  A.  F.,  was  born  in  Owen  Co..Ky., 
April  1C).  1835.  He  joined  the  Dallasbnrg  Baptist 
church  in  his  native  county  in  1854.  was  ordained 
at  Ilodgenville,  Ky..  December,  1859.  and  called 
to  the  pastoral  care  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Bards- 
town,  Ky.  While  here  he  established  the  Bards- 
town  Baptist  Female  Seminary,  now  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  schools  in  the  State.  lie  has  since 
been  pastor  of  several  prominent  churches  in  Ken 
tucky.  He  was  for  a  time  co-editor  of  the  Pro 
phetic  Ke>/,  a  monthly  magazine.  lie  has  labored 
much  as  an  evangelist,  and  has  conducted  pro 
tracted  meetings  in  which  several  hundred  persons 
have  been  approved  for  baptism.  lie  is  a  strong 
preacher,  a  good  pastor,  and  a  man  of  tireless  en 
ergy.  He  is  at  present  (1880)  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Owenton,  Ky. 


BAKER 


61 


BAKXll 


Baker,  Rev.  Elijah,  was  born  in  tlie  county  of 
Lunenburg.  Ya.,  in  174:2,  and  born  again  and  bap 
tized  in  17<>9.  I)i  1773.  in  conjunction  with  one  or 
two  otliers,  lie  organized  the  Boar  Swamp  church 
in  Ilenrico  County  ;  he  was  the  chief  agent  in 
forming  churches  in  James  City,  Charles  City,  and 
York  ;  lie  established  a  church  in  Gloucester,  at  a 
place  called  Guinea:  and  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of 
Virginia,  and  in  Maryland,  he  planted  the  first  ten 
churches  of  our  faith  that  worshiped  God  in  those 
parts,  lie  died  Nov.  »',.  IT'.lS.  Mr.  Baker  was  a 
good  man,  full  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  and  attended  bv 
extraordinary  usefulness.  lie  was  imprisoned  in 
Accomac  jail  for  a  considerable  period.  lie  was 
put  on  board  a  vessel  as  a  dixfnrlicr  «f  the  pence  to 
be  carried  beyond  the  seas,  and  he  was  to  pav  for 
his  passnge  by  performing  the  duties  of  a  seaman, 
but  the  Lord  opened  the  captain's  eves  to  see  his 
character,  and  he  sent  him  ashore,  lie  died  full 
of  hope. 

Baker,  Rev.  J.  C.,  is  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Salem,  the  capital  of  Oregon.  In  1ST"), 
having  been  for  years  a  faithful  pastor,  and  for 
some  time  a  very  efficient  general  missionary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society  in  the  Xorth- 
west.  lie  was  appointed  to  take  charge  of  its  Pacific 
Coast  Depository,  located  at  San  Francisco.  He 
traveled  extensively,  visiting  most  of  the  churches 
in  California,  Oregon,  and  Washington  Territory; 
moved  to  Salem.  Oregon,  in  1877  ;  became  pastor 
there;  continued  his  work  on  behalf  of  the  Publi 
cation  Society  ;  established  The  Jli-aron,  the  Bap 
tist  paper  of  Oregon  ;  and  during  ail  his  resilience 
en  the  Pacific  coast  has  been  active  in  organizing 
Sunday-schools;  is  an  admirable  Sunday-school 
•worker,  a  good  preacher;  earnest  in  mission  work, 
effective  in  revivals,  and  influential  in  the  councils, 
Associations,  and  conventions  of  the  denomination. 

Baker,  Rev.  John  H.,  son  of  Elisha,  and  Hen 
rietta  (Miner)  Baker,  b  >rn  in  Stonington.  Conn., 
Sept.  .!(>,  ISO;")-,  a  student  and  lover  of  books; 
converted  Sept.  lilt,  1822;  united  with  the  Bap 
tist  church  in  Stonington  borough;  taught  school  ; 
entered  Hamilton  Seminary  ;  became  an  evangelist; 
labored  with  marked  success  in  Eastern  Connecti 
cut  and  Western  Rhode  Island  ;  strong  against  in 
temperance  ;  blessed  with  many  revivals;  founded 
in  1S39  the  church  in  Charlestown.  11.  I.  ;  strength 
ened  many  churches  by  his  evangelistic  efforts  ; 
struck  down  by  paralysis  while  carrying  on  a  great 
work  on  Block  Island,  after  he  had  baptized  9S  ; 
died  in  East  Greenwich,  II.  I.,  Jan.  10.  1869,  in  his' 
sixty-fourth  year. 

Baker,  Dr.  Joseph  S.,  was  born  in  Liberty 
Co.,  Ga.,  in  1798,  of  Presbyterian  parents,  and  died 
at  Quitman  Co..  Ga.,  in  1877.  He  was  educated  at 
Yale  and  at  Ilampden  Sidney  College,  Ya.,  where 
he  graduated  in  1823. 


On  leaving  college  he  returned  to  L'hcrtv  Co., 
Ga..  and  engaged  in  farming  and  merchandising, 
having  inherited  considerable  property,  lie  was 
then,  at  the  age  of  twenty-five,  a  member  of  iho 
Presbyterian  church  near  liiceborough,  and  placed 
himself  under  the  care  of  the  Presbytery  with  a 
view  to  entering  the  ministry  at  a  session  held  with 
the  Midway  church  in  the  fall  of  182,'!.  The  Pres 
bytery  assigned  him,  as  the  subject  of  his  first  the 
sis,  -'Was  John's  Baptism  Christian  Baptism?" 
The  investigation  of  the  subject  by  him  led  to  his 
adoption  of  Baptist  views  a  few  years  later.  He 
removed  to  Virginia  in  1S2.">,  having  sold  all  his 
property  in  Georgia.  lie  graduated  in  the  medical 
department  of  Columbian  College,  D.  C..  in  1S2S, 
and  practiced  medicine  in  Xottawav  Co.,  Ya.,  until 
18:i I.  when  he  moved  to  Petersburg.  There  he 
united  with  the  Baptists,  was  licensed  and  ordained. 
He  preached  in  Virginia  at  Petersburg,  Norfolk, 
and  other  places,  part  of  the  time  as  a  inissionai  v, 
until  1839  or  1840,  when  he  moved  to  Georgia  and 
settled  in  Columbus.  In  1843  he  became  editor  of 
the  Christian  Index,  and  moved  to  Penfield,  where 
the  paper  was  then  published.  For  six  years  he 
occupied  the  editorial  chair  with  an  ability  so  dis 
tinguished,  and  with  a  pen  so  trenchant  and  pow 
erful,  evidencing  at  the  same  time  so  much  of  gen 
uine  piety  and  such  a  thorough  acquaintance  with 
Baptist  doctrines  and  practices,  that  lie  acquired  a 
denominational  influence  that  expired  only  wlili 
his  life. 

He  resided  for  awhile  with  a  son  who  was  a  law 
yer  at  Jacksonville,  Fla..  and  mayor  of  the  town. 
He  then  served  the  churches  at  Albany  and  Pal 
myra,  Ga.,  and  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  until  the  war. 
During  that  struggle  he  preached  to  the  soldiers  as 
an  evangelist.  After  the  war  he  moved  to  Quit- 
man.  Ga.,  where  he  resided  until  his  death,  in  1877. 
ripening  more  and  more  to  the  last  for  the  skies. 
Dr.  Baker  was  a  man  of  great  natural  abilities. 
He  was  a  deep  thinker,  a  perspicuous  writer,  and 
ho  did  much  to  assist  denominational  progress  'in 
Georgia.  He  was  a  most  decided  Baptist.  He  had 
read  much,  was  a  fine  scholar,  and  he  was  deeply 
versed  in  the  polity  and  principles  of  all  denomi 
nations.  An  excellent  preacher,  he  was  a  man  of 
strong  faith  in  divine  providence,  and  bore  the 
severe  sufferings  of  his  last  days  with  great  Chris 
tian  fortitude  and  resignation.  For  years  he  ex 
erted  a  strong  and  healthy  influence  among  the 
Georgia  Baptists,  and  it  was  always  employed  in 
favor  of  sound  doctrine  and  practical  godliness. 

Baker,  Samuel,  D.D.,  distinguished  for  critical 
learning  and  extensive  reading,  was  born  in  the 
county  of  Sussex,  England,  Oct.  2,  1812.  lie  re 
ceived  an  academic  education,  and  engaged  in  mer 
cantile  business  in  his  native  country.  In  1834  he 
emigrated  to  the  United  States  and  settled  in  Upper 


BALDWIN 


62 


BALDWIN 


Alton,  111.  Here  lie  was  licensed  to  preach,  and 
immediately  entered  Shurtliff  College  as  a  student  in 
both  the  literary  and  theological  departments,  and 
remained  three  years.  In  1837  he  was  ordained 
at  Alton,  and  soon  afterwards  took  charge  of  Cape 
Girardeau  church,  Mo.  lie  was  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Shelbyville,  Ky.,  from  1839  to  1841  ;  at 
Kussellvillc.  Ky.,  from  1841  to  1846;  at  llopkins- 
ville,  Ky..  from  1846  to  1850;  at  the  first  church 
in  Nashville,  Term.,  from  1850  to  1853.  From  this 
time  until  1^65  he  was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Williamsburg,  N.  Y.  The  next  three 
years  he  was  at  the  Wabash  Avenue  church  in 
Chicago,  111.  ;  next  year  he  took  charge  of  the 
church  at  Kvansville,  Ind.  He  then  became  pastor 
of  the  Ilerkimer  Street  Baptist  church  of  Brook 
lyn.  N.  Y.  In  1872  he  again  located  with  the 
church  at  Russellville,  Ky.,  where  he  still  remains. 
Dr.  Baker  is  a  close  student,  has  a  splendid  library, 
and  but  for  an  embarrassing  defect  in  his  enuncia 
tion  would  be  one  of  the  leading  orators  in  the 
Kentucky  pulpit,  lie  is  wrell  versed  in  ecclesiasti 
cal  history,  and  excels  as  a  writer  on  that  subject. 

Baldwin,  Rev.  Charles  Jacob,  son  of  George 
C.  Baldwin,  D.I).,  and  Cynthia  M.  Baldwin,  was 

born  at  Charleston,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  10,  1841.  At  the 
age  of  fourteen  he  was  converted,  and  joined  the 
First  church,  Troy,  N.  Y..  of  which  his  father  was 
pastor.  lie  entered  Madison  University.  N.  Y.,  in 
1859,  but  left  during  the  Junior  year  to  enter  the 
army,  in  which  he  served  as  adjutant  of  the  157th 
Regiment  N.  Y.  Yols.,  and  on  the  staff  of  Brig.- 
Gen.  Potter  until  the  close  of  the  war.  While  in 
the  service  he  received  the  rank  of  major  from  the 
governor  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

In  1868  he  was  graduated  at  Rochester  Theologi 
cal  Seminary.  He  was  ordained  at  Chelsea,  Mass., 
as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  which  he 
served  from  1868  to  1872,  when  he  resigned  and 
visited  Europe.  On  his  return  he  became  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Rochester,  where  he 
now  is.  Mr.  Baldwin  is  a  good  preacher  and 
writer,  and  proves  himself  fully  equal  to  the  im 
portant  post  he  fills  as  pastor  of  one  of  the  most 
cultivated  congregations  in  the  country. 

Baldwin,  George  C.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Pomp- 
ton,  N.  -I.,  Oct.  21,  1817.  His  early  life  was  spent 
in  the  country  until  his  parents  removed  to  Pater- 
son.  Here  he  was  converted  under  the  ministry 
of  Rev.  Z.  Grenell,  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  of  which  he  was  pastor.  Almost  immedi 
ately  he  felt  a  call  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  so 
uro-ent  was  it  that  he  left  his  business  and  entered 

O 

upon  a  course  of  study  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  to  fit 
himself  for  his  sacred  vocation,  where  he  graduated 
in  1844.  In  the  same  year  he  accepted  the  call  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  Troy,  where  he  still 
labors. 


He  has  been  almost  equally  devoted  to  the  pulpit 
and  to  pastoral  duties.  As  a  preacher  he  follows 
the  textual  method  of  sermonizing.  His  discourses 
are  clear  and  cogent.  His  emotional  nature  is 
ardent,  his  judgment  deliberate,  and  his  practical 


GEORGE    C.   BALDWIN,     D.D. 

sense  supreme.  His  ministry  has  been  very  effec 
tive  in  winning  and  in  edifying  souls. 

Ho  has  a  preference  for  extended  courses  of  lec 
tures,  which  give  room  for  variety  and  continuous 
treatment.  Some  of  these  series  have  been  pub 
lished,  under  the  titles  "Representative  Women," 
"  Representative  Men,"  and  "  The  Model  Prayer." 
These  have  reached  a  large  circulation.  His  habits 
of  study  are  regular  and  unyielding,  except  to  the 
pressure  of  an  irresistible  necessity,  so  that  his 
preparations  are  always  invested  with  freshness. 

He  has  seen  the  largest  Baptist  church  in  the 
State  except  one  grow  up  under  his  care,  and 
nearly  an  entire  generation  come  and  go  under 
his  ministry.  It  is  his  delight  to  be  at  every  meet 
ing  of  the  church,  minor  or  more  important.  A 
remarkable  flexibility  characterizes  his  methods: 
changes  are  as  frequent  as  fluctuating  circumstances 
demand.  Nothing  is  permitted  to  grow  obsolete. 
The  young  people  are  organized  and  active.  The 
praver-meetings  are  conducted  with  fresh  and  varied 
methods. 

His  son,  Charles  J.,  after  being  pastor  of  the  First 
church  of  Chelsea,  Mass.,  has  been  settled  over  the 
First  church  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  since  1874. 

Dr.  Baldwin  has  a  large  heart,  a  blameless  life, 
and  a  ministerial  record  seldom  equaled,  and  only 
at  distant  intervals,  if  ever,  surpassed. 


BALDWIN 


63 


BALDWIN 


Baldwin,  Rev.  Moses,  was  born  in  Richmond 
Co.,  N.  C.,  Dec.  4,  1825  ;  was  baptized  in  October, 
1845  ;  graduated  at  Wake  Fo'-est  College  in  1S56  ; 
was  ordained  the  same  year,  Rev.  Drs.  Harper, 
Wingate,  McDowell,  Walters,  Skinner,  and  Brooks 
constituting  the  presbytory.  Mr.  Baldwin  has 
served  the  churches  of  Ilillsborough.  Oxford,  Mocks- 
villc,  and  a  number  of  country  churches,  and  has 
taught  thirteen  years  and  aided  several  young  min 
isters  in  securing  an  education.  He  now  resides 
in  Salem. 

Baldwin,  Rev.  Norman  B.,  A.M.,  was  born  in 
New  Milford,  Litchtield  Co.,  Conn.,  Aug.  2-'?,  1824. 
His  father,  Rev.  Daniel  Baldwin,  was  an  esteemed 
and  highly  useful  Baptist  minister.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Insti 
tution  (now  Madison  University),  from  which  he 
graduated  in  1840.  In  October,  1840,  he  became  i 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Monticello,  Sullivan  ; 
Co.,  N.  Y.  After  a  most  prosperous  settlement  he  j 
accepted  the  unanimous  call  of  the  Bethesda  Bap-  i 
tist  church,  New  York  City,  June  1,  1849,  in  which  I 
God  greatly  blessed  him  ;  but  disease  compelled  , 
him  to  leave  New  York,  and  he  accepted  the  call 
of  the  Second  Southwark  (now  Calvary)  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia,  and  entered  on  his  labors 
Feb.  1,  1854.  From  this  body  he  went  out  with  a 
colony  of  220  members  and  organized  the  Olivet 
Baptist  church,  Oct.  7,  1856.  They  built  the  fine 
edifice  at  the  southeast  corner  of  Sixth  and  Federal 
Streets.  Intensive  revivals,  in  which  hundreds 
were  converted  and  immersed,  together  with  the 
other  labors  of  his  office,  so  impaired  his  health  that 
in  September,  1864,  he  closed  his  eleven  years' 
pastorate  in  Philadelphia  and  retired  to  his  farm, 
nearColmar,  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.  As  his  health 
soon  began  to  improve  he  gave  short  periods  of 
service  to  New  Britain  Baptist  church,  Bucks  Co., 
Bristol  church,  and  the  Gwynedd  Baptist  church. 
In  November,  1869,  he  entered  upon  his  labors  as 
pastor  of  the  Montgomery  church.  For  eleven 
years  God's  blessing  has  attended  this  union.  He 
has  baptized  500  persons  during  his  ministry. 

Baldwin,  Thomas,  D.D.,  was  born  Dec.  23, 
1753,  in  Bozrah,  Conn.  As  in  many  similar  cases, 
it  seems  to  have  been  the  mother  who  left  the  im 
press  of  a  fine  moral  and  intellectual  character  on 
her  son.  Early  in  life  he  developed  a  taste  for 
books.  It  is  an  indication  of  the  regard  in  which 
he  was  held  by  his  fellow-townsmen  that  when 
comparatively  a  young  man  he  was  chosen  to  rep 
resent  the  village  of  Canaan,  N.  II.,  to  which  he 
had  removed,  in  the  Legislature  of  the  State.  It 
was  his  purpose  to  fit  himself  for  the  legal  profes 
sion,  and  he  commenced  his  studies  to  prepare  to 
practice  law.  But  the  Master  had  another  work 
for  him  to  do.  In  1780  he  was  brought  to  see  his 
condition  as  a  sinner,  and  to  accept  Christ  as  his 


personal  Lord  and  Redeemer.  He  felt  it  his  duty  to 
leave  the  church  in  which  he  had  been  brought  up 
and  avow  himself  a  Baptist.  This  he  did  at  the 
sacrifice  of  personal  feeling  and  the  sundering  of 
many  a  tie  which  bound  him  to  old  friends.  The 


THOMAS    HA  1,1) WIN,   D.I). 

step  which  he  thus  took  was  soon  followed  by  an 
other.  He  decided  to  spend  his  life  in  the  work  of 
winning  souls  to  Christ,  and  building  up  the  cause 
of  him  who  had  by  his  grace  brought  him  to  the 
saving  knowledge  of  the  truth.  In  due  time  he 
was  set  apart  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  by  ordi 
nation  as  an  evangelist,  and  for  seven  years  per 
formed  the  duties  of  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Canaan. 

The  Second  Baptist  church  in  Boston,  known  for 
so  many  years  by  the  honored  name  of  the  "  Bald 
win  Place  church,''  now  the  "Warren  Avenue 
church,"  was  destitute  of  a  pastor.  Such  was  the 
reputation  of  the  laborious  country  minister  of 
New  Hampshire  that  he  was  sent  for  to  preach  to 
them.  The  result  of  this  invitation  was  a  call  to 
become  their  minister,  which  was  accepted.  In 
the  year  1791  not  far  from  70  were  added  to  the 
church,  and  in  1803  commenced  another  revival, 
the  fruit  of  which  was  an  addition  to  the  church 
of  212  persons. 

The  labors  of  Dr.  Baldwin  were  not  confined  to 
the  ministry.  In  1803  he  took  the  editorial  charge 
of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Magazine,  and  for 
fourteen  years  conducted  that  journal  with  an 
ability  which  made  it  an  efficient  aid  in  promoting 
the  interests  of  the  denomination.  Until  the  time 
of  his  death  he  was  its  senior  editor,  receiving  help 


BALEX 


BALL 


when   the  pressure  of   other  duties  forced   him   to 
cease  from  its  full  management. 

Amid  all  the  demands  made  on  him  in  the  vari 
ous  directions  to  which  \ve  have  referred.  Dr. 
Baldwin  found  time  to  write  and  publish  several 
controversial  works,  in  which  with  great  ability  he 
vindicated  the  peculiar  views  of  his  denomination. 
Perhaps  his  ablest  work  of  this  character  is  one 
which  he  published  in  1X10.  ''A  Series  of  Letters." 
in  which  the  distinguishing  sentiments  of  the  Uap- 
tists  are  explained  and  vindicated,  in  answer  to  a 
late  publication  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Worcester, 
A.M.,  addressed  to  the  author,  entitled  "  Serious 
and  Candid  Letters.''  The  Avork  took  so  high  a 
stand  that  Andrew  Fuller  declared  it  to  be  the 
ablest  discussion  of  the  matters  in  controversy  that 
lie  had  ever  read. 

Dr.  Baldwin  went  to  Watcrvillc  in  1826.  Tie 
spent  the  afternoon  of  the  2'Jth  of  August  in  look 
ing  over  the  college  premises,  and  informing  him 
self  respecting  the  internal  workings  of  the  insti 
tution.  During  the  succeeding  night  he  uttered 
one  deep  groan  and  entered  into  rest.  It  was  for 
the  good  man  almost  a  translation.  From  such  a 
"sudden  death"  we  have  no  occasion  to  pray 
"Good  Lord  deliver  us." 

It  is  not  necessary  to  enumerate  the  honors  that 
were  conferred  on  Dr.  Baldwin,  or  name  the  offices 
of  trust  and  responsibility  to  which  he  was  called. 
It  is  sufficient  to  say  that  the  honors  were  as  numer 
ous  as  those  which  any  other  minister  .of  the  de 
nomination  has  ever  had  conferred  upon  him,  while 
the  offices  were  of  the  highest  respectability,  and 
such  as  have  been  filled  by  our  ablest  and  worthiest 
men. 

His  publications  were  numerous.  His  contro 
versial  works  have  already  been  alluded  to,  some 
of  which  were  acknowledged  to  be  of  the  very  ablest 
character.  Dr.  Wayland  says  of  him,  "  lie  retained 
to  the  last  the  entire  confidence  of  men  of  most 
conflicting  opinions,  and  even  came  off  from  the 
arena  of  theological  controversy  rich  in  the  esteem 
of  those  whom  his  argument  failed  to  convince. 
He  was  in  the  very  front  ranks  of  the  distinguished 
ministers  who  have  adorned  their  profession  in  con 
nection  with  the  denomination  which  he  so  faith 
fully  and  for  so  many  years  served."  lie  uniformly, 
towards  the  close  of  life,  left  upon  every  one  the 
impression  of  old  age  in  its  loveliest  and  most  in 
teresting  aspect,  and  Christianity  in  its  mildest  and 
most  attractive  exhibition. 

Balen,  Deacon  Peter,  was  born  in  Hacken- 
sack,  N.  J.,  in  1804.  He  was  often  in  straitened 
circumstances  in  early  life  ;  but  there,  in  his 
own  home,  he  knelt  and  consecrated  himself  to 
God.  He  resolved  that  the  Lord  should  have  a 
portion  of  his  earnings  while  yet  he  was  making  a 
poor  living.  On  a  certain  occasion  when  he  was 


sorely  tempted  by  Satan  to  withdraw  a  subscrip 
tion  made  to  a  benevolent  object,  he  fought  and 
overcame,  lie  prospered  in  business,  and  has  done 
an  extensive  wholesale  trade.  Churches  in  New 
York  City  and  the  benevolent  societies  have  re 
ceived  large  sums  from  him.  Years  ago  he  re 
moved  to  Plainfield,  where  he  is  exerting  a  wide 
Christian  influence.  He  has  always  been  a  Sun- 
dav-school  man,  and  as  superintendent  or  teacher 
has  led  many  to  Christ.  lie  is  a  studious  searcher 
of  the  Scriptures,  and  has  read  the  Bible  through 
many  times. 

Ball,  Rev.  Eli,  was  horn  in  Marlborough.  Vt., 
Nov.  2,  ITXC).  Having  removed  to  the  city  of 
Boston,  Mass.,  when  about  nineteen,  he  was  bap 
tized  there  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year  ISO.").  He 
preached  his  first  sermon  in  that  city  in  December, 
1XOT.  and  was  licensed  in  the  following  -Inly.  While 
pursuing  his  studies  under  the  Revs.  Daniel  Stan 
ford  and  Caleb  Blood,  he  preached  for  the  church  in 
Maiden,  a  few  miles  from  Boston,  for  more  than  a 
year.  Until  the  year  1X23  he  supplied'successively 
the  Baptist  churches  in  Harwich.  Mass.  ;  Wilming 
ton  and  Lansingburg,  N.  Y.  :  and  Middletown, 
Conn.  In  June,  1823,  he  visited  A'irginia.  and  in 
July  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Lynchburg. 
At  the  end  of  two  years  ho  removed  to  Henrico 
County,  where  for  seven  or  eight  years  he  labored 
with  much  success,  preaching  day  and  night,  con 
ducting  Bible-classes,  and  instituting  prayer-meet 
ings,  so  that  many  were  hopefully  converted  and 
added  to  the  churches  through  his  instrumentality. 
Besides  his  regular  pastoral  labors,  a  large  amount 
of  pulpit  labor  was  bestowed  upon  other  churches 
of  the  State  at  protracted  meetings,  ordinations, 
etc.  As  an  agent,  too,  Mr.  Ball  was  greatly  suc 
cessful,  in  which  capacity  he  served  the  Bible  So 
ciety  of  Virginia,  the  Baptist  General  Association, 
and  especially  the  Foreign  Mission  Board  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention,  in  the  State  of  Geor- 
<na.  For  a  short  time  he  was  also  a  professor  in 
the  Baptist  seminary  (Richmond  College),  and  also 
editor  of  the  Jtelit/iotts  Herald.  He  served  as 
agent  for  the  Columbian  College,  and  during  two 
visits  to  South  Carolina  and  Georgia  secured  ^5000. 
His  labors  in  behalf  of  temperance  were  also  re 
markably  successful.  His  deep  interest  in  the  for 
eign  mission  cause  led  him  in  1X2X  to  make  a  visit  to 
the  coast  of  Africa,  to  examine  the  condition  of  the 
Liberian  Mission,  during  Avhich  visit  he  gathered 
a  mass  of  information  with  respect  to  the  work 
there,  which  was  of  great  service  to  the  board. 
After  prosecuting  his  agency  for  a  year  after  his 
return,  he  was  preparing  to  visit  Africa  a  second 
time,  when  he  was  attacked  by  disease,  and  died 
in  Richmond,  July  21,  1853.  Few  men  have  been 
more  diligent  and  active  in  Christian  labors  than 
Mr.  Ball.  These  were  crowned  with  abundant 


BALL 


JiAXES 


success;  up  to  1849  he  had  baptized  914  persons. 
and  had  been  the  means,  doubtless,  of  the  conver 
sion  of  verv  manv  more.  His  l-.ss  was  keenly 
mourned  and  deeply  felt.  "  Doubtless."  says  his 
biographer,  "  Eii  Ball  will  long  be  remembered  by 
Virginia,  Baptists  as  one  of  their  soundest,  best, 
and  most  useful  proclaimers  of  the  glorious  gospel." 

Ball,  Rev.  Lewis,  an  active  and  efficient  minis 
ter  in  Northwestern  Mississippi,  was  born  in  South 
Carolina  in  1820.  came  to  Mississippi  and  began  to 
preach  in  1844.  His  abundant  labors  have  greatly 
advanced  the  cause  of  truth.  Bv  his  labors  the 
Sunflower  Association  was  established.  lie  w;.,s  a 
colonel  in  the  (Jon federate  army. 

Ball,  Rev.  Martin,  an  early  Baptist  preacher 
in  North  Mississippi,  was  born  in  South  Carolina 
in  18(19.  lie  came  to  Mississippi  as  a  preacher  in 
184;>.  and  until  the  time  of  his  death.  1859.  ex 
erted  a  wide  influence  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
State,  lie  was  successful  as  an  evangelist,  as  a 
presiding  officer,  and  especially  as  a  peace-maker. 

Baltimore,  Eutaw  Place  Baptist  Church  of. 

— The  edifice  of  tlrs  church  was  completed  earlv 
in  1871.  The  material  is  white  marble.  It  is  75 
feet  wide  and  100  feet  deep.  The  spire  is  11)1)  feet 
high.  The  house  and  lot.  counting  the  '-ash  value 
of  the  site,  which  was  donated,  cost  Si  22. "<):).  The 
structure  was  reared  for  a  colony  brought  bv  the 
late  Dr.  Richard  Fuller  from  the  Seventh  Baptist 
church,  of  which  he  was  pastor  till  his  death.  The 
church  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  commodious 
in  Baltimore. 

Bampfield,    Rev.    Francis,    M.A.  —  Francis 

Bampfield  descended  from  a  distinguished  family 
in  Devonshire.  England.  lie  was  horn  in  1615. 
In  his  sixteenth  year  he  became  a  student  of  Wad- 
ham  College.  Oxford.  He  was  at  the  university 
about  seven  years,  and  left  it  with  talents  and  cul 
ture  of  a  high  order.  He  was  ordained  deacon  and 
presbyter  by  Bishops  Hall  and  Skinner.  His  first 
settlement  was  in  a  parish  in  Dorsetshire,  where 
he  spent  his  entire  income  from  the  church  in 
Billies  and  religious  books  for  the  poor,  and  in 
providing  work  for  them,  and  in  giving  alms  to 
those  who  could  not,  labor,  lie  removed  to  Slier- 
borne,  in  the  same  county,  to  become  the  parish 
minister,  after  a  short  stay  with  his  first  charge, 
and  he  remained  at  Slierborne  till  ejected,  in  16(>2, 
by  the  act  of  uniformity.  Before  he  removed  to 
Sherborne  he  became  a  Puritan,  and  he  grew  in 
knowledge  till  he  became  a  Baptist.  For  some 
time  after  he  became  an  advocate  of  an  extensive 
reformation  in  the  church;  he  still  continued,  to 
the  great  astonishment  of  all  his  religious  friends, 
an  earnest  advocate  of  the  cause  of  Charles  I.  and 
a  decided  enemy  of  the  Parliament;  he  even  hesi 
tated  for  a  time  to  pay  taxes  levied  by  the  legis 
lature.  In  process  of  time  his  opinions  changed, 


for  we  find  him  among  the  Triers  appointed  by 
Cromwell  to  secure  pious  ministers  for  the  church 
and  the  removal  of  unworthy  men  from  it.  His 
family,  too.  seem  to  have  changed  their  political 
course,  for  his  brother.  Thomas  Bampiield,  Esq.. 
was  the  speaker  if  one  of  Oliver  Cromwell's  Par 
liaments. 

Francis  Bampfield  was.  above  all  things,  a  living 
servant  of. Jesus;  the  frowns  and  smiles  of  men 
|  were  vainly  used  to  turn  him  from  his  Master. 
Worldly  losses  and  bodily  sufferings  appeared  to 
him  as  trifles  compared  to  the  supreme  felicity  of 
a  c  inscicnce  void  of  offense  before  (>od. 

After  he  resigned  his  living  he  began  preaching 
in  his  own  house  at  Slierborne.  and  not  quite  a 
month  after  the  Act  of  Uniformity  went  into  oper 
ation,  while  he  was  holding  a  religious  service,  he 
and  twenty-six  others  of  those  who  were  present 
were  carr'ed  to  prison,  where  tliev  were  kept  in 
one  room  with  but  a  single  bed.  They  were,  how 
ever,  soon  released  on  bail.  Not  lonir  after  he  was 
again  put  in  jail  in  Dorchester,  and  kept  there  for 
nine  years.  In  this  prison  he  preached  almost 
daily,  and  was  enabled  to  gather  a  church  w'. thin 
its  walls. 

lie   founded   a  church    in  Pinner's   Hall,  in   Eon- 
don,    on    the    5th    of    March.     1(175,    to    which    he 
j  preached  as  often  as  he  was  out  of  jail  during  sea 
sons  of  worship  till   he  died.      lie  departed   for  the 
eternal   rest   from  the  prison  of  Newgate,  Feb.  Id, 
I   I  (ISM.     He  died  at  last  from  the  injury  inflided  on 
his  health  by  his  prolonged  imprisonments. 

Mr.  Bampiield  was  a  scholarly  man,  and  "one 
of  the  most  celebrated  preachers  in  the  west  of 
England."  lie  was  a  giant  in  defense  of  the  truth, 
and  a  devout  man  full  of  the  Hoi}*  Spirit.  He 
belonged  to  the  Seventh-Day  Baptists. 

Bancroft,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born  in  1789  in 
Annapolis  Co.,  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  converted 
when  young,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  Thomas  A  ins- 
lie.  He  was  ordained  in  1828.  at  Westport.  Nova 
Scotia,  and  removed  to  New  Brunswick  in  18.31, 
where  his  pastoral  and  missionary  labors  were  very 
successful.  His  life  was  a  ministry  of  goodness. 
He  died  Jan.  1,  1870. 

Banes,  Col.  Charles  H.,  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  Oct.  24,  1831.  His  education  was  liberal, 
and  his  thirst  for  knowledge  has  led  to  the  acquisition 
of  a  valuable  library,  and  of  an  extensive  amount 
of  information  upon  all  questions  that  interest 
Christians  and  men  of  culture.  He  was  engaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits  until  the  commencement 
of  the  late  war,  when  he  gave  up  the  prospects  of 
financial  success  for  the  perils  of  the  battle-field  and 
the  protection  of  our  national  flag.  He  entered 
the  service  as  a  captain  of  infantry  in  August, 
ISfil.  At  Fredcrieksburg,  in  December,  18(12,  he 
was  promoted  to  be  assistant  adjutant-general. 


EUTAW    PLACE    BAPTIST    CHURCH,   BALTIMORE. 


BANES 


07 


B  AWARD 


He  was  brevetted  major,  July,  1863,  "  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services"  at  Gettysburg.  In  May, 
1864,  he  was  brevetted  lieutenant-colonel  for  the 
same  reasons.  At  Cold  Harbor,  in  June,  1864,  he 
received  a  painful  and  dangerous  wound,  which 


COL.   CHARLES    II.  BAXES. 

confined  him  to  a  couch  of  helplessness  and  suffer 
ing  for  months,  and  from  the  effects  of  which  he 
can  never  recover.  His  last  battle  compelled  his 
retirement  from  the  army,  in  which  his  skill  and 
bravery  had  been  so  conspicuously  exhibited. 

As  soon  as  returning  strength  permitted  he  en 
tered  business  once  more  ;  and  now  the  firm  of 
which  he  is  a  prominent  and  active  member  owns 
one  of  the  most  extensive  and  prosperous  manu 
facturing  establishments  in  their  branch  of  industry 
in  the  United  States. 

Col.  Banes  wrote  a  history  of  the  Philadelphia 
Brigade,  for  which  his  scholarly  tastes,  exact  in 
formation,  and  personal  experiences  gave  him  emi 
nent  qualifications.  The  work  has  been  deservedly 
and  highly  commended,  and  has  taken  a  creditable 
place  in  the  literature  of  our  Great  Struggle. 

Col.  Banes  is  an  untiring  worker  in  various  sci 
entific,  benevolent,  and  religious  organizations, 
and  though  the  last  man  to  seek  prominence  in 
anything,  his  friends  will  push  him  forward  as 
trustee  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  president  of  the 
Baptist  Social  Union,  of  the  Baptist  City  Mission, 
and  of  other  kindred  enterprises.  At  the  last  Con 
gressional  election  in  his  district  his  political  and 
other  friends  placed  him  before  the  people  as  a 
candidate  for  the  House  of  Representatives,  and 


his  popular  name  secured  some  twelve  hundred 
more  votes  than  his  predecessor  in  a  similar  strug 
gle  obtained  two  years  before. 

The  generous  gifts  of  Col.  Banes  have  already 
removed  heavy  church  debts  and  gladdened  labor 
ers  in  other  benevolent  fields. 

Courteous,  cultured,  and  Christian,  his  brethren 
love  him,  and  wish  that  his  spirit  might  seize  every 
Baptist  in  America. 

Banvard,  Joseph,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the  city 
of  New  York,  May  9,  1S10.  On  his  father's  side 
he  was  descended  from  the  French  Huguenots,  and 
on  his  mother's  from  the  early  settlers  of  New 
England.  His  parents  being  members  of  the  Mora 
vian  Church  he  was  brought  up  under  its  influence. 
He  was  converted  through  the  instrumentality  of 
the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Charles  G.  Sommers,  and  united 
with  the  church  of  which  he  was  the  pastor  in 
New  York.  He  received  his  preparatory  education 
at  the  South  Reading  Academy,  and  then  pursued 
the  full  course  of  study  at  the  Newton  Theological 
Institution.  He  graduated  from  Newton  in  the 
class  of  1835,  and  a  few  davs  after  was  ordained 


JOSEl'II    JJANVAKI).    ]>.!>. 

pastor  of  the  Second,  now  the  Central  Baptist, 
church  in  Salem,  Mass.  While  conscientiously 
performing  his  ministerial  duties  Dr.  Banvard  has 
found  time  to  gratify  his  love  for  history  and  the 
natural  sciences,  lie  has  been  honored  on  account 
of  his  attainments  in  the  departments  referred  to 
by  having  been  chosen  an  honorary  member  of  the 
Boston  Society  of  Natural  History,  and  of  the  His 
torical  Society  of  Wisconsin.  He  was  at  one  time 
vice-president  of  the  Worcester  Co.,  Mass.,  Natural 


BAPTISM 


68 


BA  FT  ISM 


History    Society,   and    president   of   the   Historical 
Society  of  Passaic  Co.,  X.  J. 

The  pastorates  of  Dr.  Banvard  have  been  as  fol 
lows.  He  remained  in  Salem  eleven  years,  1835— 
4C),  and  then  accepted  a  call  to  the  Harvard  Street 
church  in  Boston,  where  he  continued  five  years, 
1S4()-51.  lie  then  became  pastor  of  the  church  in 
West  Cambridge,  where,  during-  his  ministry,  a 
new  and  attractive  house;  of  worship  was  built. 
lie  was  pastor  of  this  church  two  years,  1851-53, 
and  then  took  up  his  residence  in  New  York  as 
pastor  of  the  Cannon  Street  church.  Here  he  re 
mained  three  years,  lS5.'J-5t>,  and  then  returned  to 
New  England  to  take  charge  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Pawtucket,  11.  I.  This  position  he  held 
for  five  years.  185t>-61,  and  then  went  to  Worcester, 
Mass.,  where  he  was  pastor  of  the  Main  Street 
church  five  years,  1861-66.  He  was  then  chosen 
president  of  the  National  Theological  Institute, 
District  of  Columbia,  for  the  education  of  colored 
teachers  and  preachers.  When  this  work  was  as 
sumed  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  So 
ciety  he  resigned,  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  pas 
torate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Paterson, 
N.  J.,  where  he  remained  ten  years,  1866— 76.  Re 
signing  his  pastorate  in  Paterson  he  returned  once 
more  to  New  England,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Neponset,  Mass.  Dr.  Banvard  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Columbian  Col 
lege,  Washington,  I).  C.,  and  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Shurtleff  College,  Upper  Alton, 
111.  Among  the  productions  of  his  pen  are  several 
series  of  Sunday-school  question  books,  a  scries  of 
eight  volumes  on  natural  history,  five  volumes  on 
American  history,  "  Priscilla,  or  Trials  for  the 
Truth,''  and  two  hymn-books.  The  present  resi 
dence  (1878)  of  Dr.  Banvard  is  Neponset,  Mass. 

Baptism  a  Breach  of  the  Sixth  and  Seventh 
Commandments. — Few  men  have  done  more  than 
Richard  Baxter  to  serve  the  Redeemer's  kingdom. 
In  his  own  day  his  name  was  a  tower  of  strength. 
Against  our  brethren  he  wielded  all  his  immense 
influence  with  untiring  energy,  and  with  the  gross 
est  misrepresentations.  lie  says, — 

'•  That  which  is  a  plain  breach  of  the  sixth  com 
mandment,  '  Thou  shall  not  kill,'1  is  no  ordinance  of 
God,  but  a  most  heinous  sin  ;  but  the  ordinary 
practice  of  baptizing  by  dipping  over  head  in  cold 
water,  as  necessary,  is  a  plain  breach  of  the  sixth 
commandment ;  therefore  it  is  no  ordinance  of  God, 
but  an  heinous  sin.  And  as  Mr.  Craddock,  in  his 
book  of  '  Gospel  Liberty,'  shows,  the  magistrate 
ought  to  restrain  it,  to  save  the  lives  of  his  subjects  ; 
even  on  their  principles,  that  will  yet  allow  the 
magistrate  no  power  directly  in  matters  of  worship. 
That  this  is  flat  murder,  and  no  better,  being  ordi 
narily  and  generally  used,  is  undesirable  to  any 
understanding  man.  For  that  which  directly  tend- 


eth  to  overthrow  men's  lives,  being  wilfully  used, 
is  plain  murder."  lie  then  proceeds  to  prove  that 
our  fathers  violated  the  seventh  commandment, 
"  Thou  uluilt  not  commit  adultery.'1''  "  My  revonth 
argument  is  also  against  another  wickedness  in  their 
manner  of  baptizing,  which  is  their  dipping  per 
sons  naked,  as  is  very  usual  with  many  of  them  : 
or  next  to  naked,*  as  is  usual  with  the  modestest, 
that  I  have  heard  of."  There  is  not  a  solitary  case 
on  record  among  the  English  Baptists  of  baptism 
in  a  state  of  nudity.  Nor  is  there  a  single  instance 
in  the  history  of  the  Christian  Church,  even  during 
the  first  twelve  centuries,  when  immersion  was  uni 
versal,  of  injury  to  any  one  by  baptismal  dipping. 
The  misrepresentations  of  men  like  Mr.  Baxter 
had  so  much  weight  in  England  that  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Gates  was  tried  on  the  charge  of  minder 
at  Chclmsford,  in  1046,  the  victim  of  his  supposed 
crime  being  Anne  Martin,  whom  he  baptized  some 
time  before  her  death.  But  Mr.  Oatesf  had  an  in 
telligent  jury,  and  he  was  acquitted.  Against  the 
slanders  of  hosts  of  men,  many  of  them  persons 
of  great  piety  and  of  extensive  reputation,  our 
honored  fathers  had  to  contend  ;  and  they  have 
lived  and  even  triumphed  in  the  furnace  filled  with 
such  unholy  flames. 

Baptism  of  Ten  Thousand  English.— E  n .;  a  1 1  d 
received  its  name  from  the  Angles,  who,  with  the 
Saxons,  came  to  that  country  in  the  middle  of  the 
fifth  century;  the  country  previous  to  their  con 
quest  was  called  Britain.  Its  ancient  inhabitants 
were  Christians  from  the  end  of  the  second  century. 
The  Anglo-Saxons  were  savage  pagans,  who  de 
stroyed  the  Britons,  or  drove  them  into  Wales  and 
Cornwall,  and  removed  every  trace  of  Christianity. 
In  596  a  mission  came  to  convert  the  idolatrous 
English,  from  Rome,  led  by  Augustine,  a  monk.  ;;nd 
in  597,  10,000  of  them  were  baptized  in  one  day  in 
the  Swale;  this  stream  is  not  the  Yorkshire  River 
of  the  same  name  ;  it  flows  between  the  Isle  of 
Sheppy,  in  Kent,  and  the  mainland,  and  its  two 
extremities  are  now  called  East  and  West  Swale. 
It  extends  for  12  miles,  and  is  navigable  for  vessels 
of  200  tons  burden.  The  East  Swale  is  9  miles 
from  Canterbury,  the  seat  of  Augustine's  mission, 
and  on  that  account,  ever  since,  the  see  of  the 
chief  prelate  of  the  English  Church.  (Cathcart's 
"Baptism  of  the  Ages,"  pp.  22.  Publication  So 
ciety,  Philadelphia.) 

Gocelin,  a  monk  of  Canterbury,  in  the  eleventh 
century,  with  the  ancient  ''Chronicles  of  Kent'' 
before  him,  two  of  which  were  collated  by  him  in 
his  "  Life  of  St.  Augustine,"  says, — 

"More  than  10,000  of  the  English  were  born 
again  in  the  laver  of  holy  baptism,  with  an  infinite 


*  Baxter's  "  Plain  Scripture  Proof,"  pp.  134-3G. 

t  Crosby's  "  History  of  the  English  Baptists."    Preface,  34-36. 


BAPTISM 


G9 


A  rrrsv 


number  of  women  and  children,  in  a  river  which 
the  English  rail  Sirarios.  the  Swale,  as  if  at  one 
birth  of  the  ehurch,  and  from  one  womb.  These 
persons,  at  the  command  of  the  teacher,  as  if  he 
were  an  angel  from  heaven  calling  upon  them,  all 
entered  the  dangerous  depth  of  tlie  river  (minaeem 
jlfDtiinis  prqfinidi(atem)  two  and  two  together,  as 
if  it  had  been  a  solid  plain  :  and  in  the  true  faith, 
confessing  the  exalted  Trinity,  they  were  baptized 
one  by  the  other  in  turns,  the  apostolic  leader 
blessing  the  water.  So  great  a  progeny  for  heaven 
lorn  out  of  a  deep  whirlpool"'  (de  prof  undo  guryite 
naxr.cretnr].  (Vita  Sanct.  August.  Patrol.  Lat..  vol. 
Ixxx.  pp.  7'.),  SO.  migne  Parisiis.)  This  was  the 
first  baptism  among  the  people,  whose  new  country, 
after  a  portion  of  them,  was  called  England  ;  the 
mode  of  the  baptism  in  the  Swale  was  clearly  im 
mersion. 

Baptism,  The  Scriptural  Mode  of.— The  form 

of  a  ceremony  is  essential  to  its  existence.  A  cere 
mony  teaches  truth,  not  by  direct  statements,  but 
by  material  symbols;  and  if  tin1  figures  are  changed 
you  alter  their  teaching.  Bread  was  used  by  the 
Saviour  to  represent  his  b  >dy,  because  it  is  the 
chief  part  of  the  food  of  all  nations,  and.  prob- 
ablv,  because  the  grain  of  which  it  is  made  was 
"peeled  bv  the  flail,  heated  intensely  by  the  kiln, 
ground  bv  the  millstones,  and  bilked  in  the  oven." 
This  figure  teaches  that  through  intense  sufferings 
Jesus  becomes  the  soul  food  of  all  believers.  The 
cup  of  the  Lord's  Su nper  contains  wine  made  by 
the  crushing  of  grapes.  These  two  svmbols  teach 
most  powerfully  that  a  bruised  and  wounded  Sa 
viour  is  the  bread  of  life  to  all  believers.  Substi 
tute  fish  and  vegetables  for  bread  and  wine  and 
the  teaching  of  the  ordinance  is  gone  ;  or  take  away 
cither  the  brea  1  or  the  cup  and  you  destroy  the 
most  sacred  of  ceremonial  institutions.  The  cere 
mony  of  hand-shaking  loses  all  its  symbolical  teach 
ing  by  a  change  in  its  form.  When  you  extend 
your  open  hand  to  an  acquaintance,  if  he  were  to 
place  his  closed  fist  in  it  there  would  be  no  friendly 
grasp  there,  and  while  tw.>  hands  met  the  ceremony 
would  look  more  like  fighting  on  the  part  of  one  than 
familiar  greeting.  A  ceremonial  ordinance  teaches 
by  form,  and  if  you  change  the  form  you  mar  or 
destroy  the  instruction.  In  the  Scriptures  baptism 
is  immersion  in  water.  The  mode  is  fixed  for  all 
time.  No  anthoritv  out  of  heaven  can  change  it. 
One  Lord,  one  faith,  and  one  baptism.  Any  change 
in  this  ceremonial  institution  destroys  it. 

Baptism  is  intended  to  show  that  we  are  dead 
and  buried  with  Christ,  and  that  we  have  risen  to 
a  regenerated  life:  "  Therefore  we  are  buried  with 
him  by  baptism  into  death:  that  like  as  Christ 
was  raised  up  from  the  dead  by  the  glory  of  the 
Father,  even  so  we  also  should  walk  in  newness  of 
life." — Horn.  vi.  4.  "  Buried  with  him  in  baptism, 


wherein  also  ye  are  risen  with  him  through  the 
faith  of  the  operation  of  God." — Col.  ii.  \'2.  In 
immersion  a  man  is  covered  over  as  if  lie  were  in 
his  grave;  there  can  be  710  breathing,  except  for  a 
second,  as  if  the  man  were  dead  ;  he  rises  up  out 
of  the  water  as  if  he  Avore  ascending  from  the 
grave.  Immersion  shows  all  this.  Do  sprinkling 
and  pouring  cover  over  a  man  as  if  he  were  buried? 
or  stop  his  breathing  as  if  he  were  dead?  or  raise 
him  up  as  if  lie  were  coming  out  of  a  grave?  Our 
Pedobaptist  brethren  sometimes  plavfully  tell  us 
that  our  differences  about  baptism  simply  relate  to 
the  quantity  of  water,  we  want  more  ami  they  de 
sire  less.  This  statement  is  a  serious  mistake. 
Xovatiau,  in  the  third  century,  when  he  supposed 
he  was  dyin<j;.  thinking  that  he  could  not  bear  to 
be  dipped,  had  water  "  poured  around"  him  until 
he  was  saturated  with  it.  lie  was  probably  as  wet 
as  if  he  had  been  dipped  three  times  in  water,  ac 
cording  to  the  custom  of  that  day.  but  lie  was  not 
buried  In/  baptism,  his  breath  was  not  stopped  for 
a  moment  under  the  water  as  if  he  were  dead,  he 
did  not  rise  out  of  the  water  as  if  he  were  rising 
out  of  a  grave.  Xovatian  had  not  Christian  bap 
tism,  as  Eu<e]iius*  gravely  hints.  lie  gives  us  the 
first  firiii'/  example  of  pouring  in  baptism,  which 
had.  perhaps,  not  liftv  imitators  for  six  centuries 
afterwards.  It  is  not  the  quantity  of  water  used 
in  baptism  that  makes  it  scriptural  or  the  reverse. 
If  a  stream  of  water  had  been  poured  on  Nova- 
tian  which  ran  away  and  formed  a  river,  he  would 
not  have  been  buried  or  covered  over  bv  baptism, 
nor  would  his  baptism  have  resembled  death  and 
the  resurrection.  The  11  man  Catholic  cardinal 
Pullus.  in  the  middle  of  the  twelfth  century,  thus 
beautifully  and  truly  describes  baptism  :  '•  Whilst 
the  candidate  for  baptism  in  water  is  immersed  the 
death  of  Christ  is  suggested  :  whilst  immersed,  and 
covered  with  water,  the  burial  of  Christ  is  shown 
forth  ;  whilst  be  is  raised  from  the  waters,  the 
resurrection  of  Christ  is  proclaimed.''!  Anything 
assuming  to  be  baptism  which  does  not  cover  the 
bapti/.ed  with  water,  and  lift  him  out  of  the  water, 
as  if  raising  him  from  the  dead,  is  a  fraudulent 
ceremony  destitute  of  any  divine  sanction  :  immer 
sion  was  the  baptismal  burial  of  Paul,  and  (he  cus 
tom  of  all  Christian  countries  during  the  first 
twelve  centuries  of  our  era. 

Jesus  was  baptized  in  the  river  Jordan,  "out  of 
the  water  of  which  he  went  up  straightway"  (Matt, 
iii.  Id)  when  the  Spirit  of  (lod  descended  upon 
him  like  a  dove.  Of  John  the  Baptist  it  is  said, 
"  Then  went  out  to  him  Jerusalem,  and  all  Judea, 
and  all  the  region  round  about  Jordan,  and  were 
baptized  of  him  in  Jordan,  confessing  their  sins." 


*  Ecdi-s.  Hist.,  vi.  -I:',. 

f  I'atrol.  Lat.,  vol.  150,  p.  315, 


BAPTISM 


70 


BAPTISM 


— Matt.  iii.  5.  These  baptisms  in  Jordan  were  im 
mersions.  If  we  read  that  twenty  persons  were 
baptized  in  the  James  River  at  Lynchburg,  no  one 
in  the  full  use  of  his  mental  faculties  would  doubt 
their  immersion.  When  it  is  said,  ''  John  also  was 
baptizing  in  Enon,  near  to  Salim,  because  there  was 
much  water  there,'' — -John  iii.  123, — the  inference 
cannot  be  resisted  that  they  were  immersed. 

The  Saviour  speaking  of  his  sufferings  says,  "  I 
have  a  baptism  to  be  baptized  with  ;  and  how  am  I 
straitened  till  it  be  accomplished!'' — Luke  xii.  50. 
This  was  not  his  baptism  in  water,  that  had  taken 
place  some  time  ago ;  nor  yet  his  baptism  of  the 
Spirit,  that  he  already  enjoyed.  This  verse  refers 
to  his  dreadful  sufferings.  He  was  to  be  plunged 
in  agonies  and  covered  completely  by  them.  This 
is  the  most  fitting  figure  ever  employed  to  describe 
them.  The  Saviour's  brow  in  his  atoning  sorrows 
was  not  sprinkled  with  pains,  his  face  had  not  a 
few  drops  of  anguish  poured  upon  it,  his  whole 
Si  ml  and  body  were  coni]>lctely  covered  with  the 
sufferings  of  atonement.  He  was  immersed  in  woe, 
as  the  believer  is  in  the  waters  of  baptism. 

When  Paul  was  converted  to  God  Ananias  was 
sent  by  Jehovah  to  him,  and  he  said,  "  And  now 
why  tamest  thou?  Arise  and  be  baptized,  and 
wash  away  thy  sins,  calling  on  the  name  of  the 
Lord  Jesus.'1  Baptism  according  to  Ananias,  fresh 
from  God,  is  a  figure  of  the  washing  away  of  sins. 
This  washing  is  not  applied  to  the  face  or  the 
brow  of  the  spirit,  the  whole  soul  is  washed,  and 
its  sins  are  all  removed.  As  the  washing  of  the 
soul  from  its  guilt  leaves  not  a  speck  of  it  un- 
cleansed,  the  figure  of  this  washing  must  be  a  com 
plete  submersion  of  the  whole  body  in  water. 

Luther*  says,  "  Baptism  is  a  Greek  word  ;  in  Latin 
it  can  be  translated  immersion,  as  when  we  plunge 
something  into  water  that  it  may  be  completely  covered 
with  water."  Calvin,  after  declaring  that  the  mode 
of  baptism  is  indifferent,  says.  "  The  very  word 
baptize,  however,  signifies  to  immerse;  and  it  is 
certain  that  immersion  was  observed  by  the  ancient 
church."^  In  the  first  liturgy  made  for  the  Episco 
pal  Church  in  the  reign  of  Edward  VI.,  1549,  the 
priest  is  enjoined,  after  naming  the  child,  to  "  dip  it 
in  the  water  thrice.  First  dipping  the  right  side; 
second,  the  left  side;  the  third  time  dipping  the  face 
toward  the  font;  so  it  be  discreetly  and  warily 
done."  J  Then  weak  children  are  permitted  the  use 
of  pouring.  John  Wesley  writes  in  his  Journal, 
while  he  was  on  a  visit  to  Georgia,  in  1736  :  "  Satur 
day,  Feb.  21st.— Mary  Welsh,  aged  eleven  days,  was 
baptized  according  to  the  custom  of  the  first  church. 


*  Opera  Luthori,  Do  Sacrum.  Bapt.,  i..  p.  319,  1504 


t  Instil.  Christ.  Kelis..  lib.  iv.,  cap.  15,  sec.  19,  p.  044,  London, 


t  The  Two  Liturgies,  p.  111-12,  Parker  Society. 


and  the  rule  of  the  Church  of  England,  by  immer 
sion.'^  By  the  testimony  of  the  modern  scholar 
ship  of  the  world  the  Greek  word  translated  baptize 
means  to  immerse.  This  is  its  use  in  the  New 
Testament.  This  was  the  practice  of  Christendom 
for  twelve  centuries  after  Christ. ||  And  when 
immersion  is  not  conferred  in  baptism  the  candidate 
for  the  rite  is  not  baptized. 
Baptism,  the  Scriptural  Subjects  of. — It  is 

common  for  nations  to  confer  favors  upon  their 
own  subjects,  and  upon  their  friends.  It  would  lie 
a  singular  and  very  unwise  procedure  for  any  great 
state  to  bestow  special  privileges  upon  those  who 
are  not  its  friends,  and  who  without  a  radical 
change  of  heart  never  can  be.  Baptism  is  an  ex 
alted  honor;  infants  are  not  the  friends  of  Christ's 
kingdom,  and  they  never  will  be  unless  they  are 
born  of  the  Spirit  of  God.  Baptism  has  no  tend 
ency  to  produce  a  new  heart,  and  its  bestowal 
upon  unconscious  infants  is  a  senseless  and  unwise 
abuse  of  a  blessed  ordinance  intended  only  for  the 
Saviour's  friends. 

The  Scriptures  know  nothing  of  any  baptism  for 
unconscious  infants.  The  commission  of  Jesus  to 
preach  and  baptize  is  given  in  Matt,  xxviii.  19: 
"Go  ye  therefore  and  teach  all  nations,  baptizing 
them  in  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  of  the  Son, 
and  of  the  Holy  Spirit."  The  lessons  to  be  given 
the  nations  are  on  the  love  of  God  in  giving  Jesus, 
his  atoning  merits  and  mercies,  his  precious  prom 
ises,  solemn  warnings,  and  final  judgment,  and  on 
the  power  of  faith  in  Jesus  to  appropriate  him  and 
all  his  spiritual  wealth.  Infants  cannot  receive 
such  lessons  ;  they  were  not  intended  for  uncon 
scious  babes.  It  would  be  an  outrage  on  common 
sense  to  try  to  teach  the  multiplication  table  to  a 
babe  of  a  week  or  a  month  old,  and  a  far  greater 
absurdity  to  command  the  profound  teachings  of 
Calvary  to  be  imparted  to  little  ones  who  do  not 
understand  one  word  of  any  language.  The  com 
mission  is  a  command  to  instruct  those  in  all  na 
tions  who  are  capable  of  understanding  it,  and  to 
baptize  them  when  taught.  The  verb  "  teach''  is 
"make  disciples,"  the  pronoun  "them"  is  instead 
of  the  noun  "disciples," — to  baptize  them  is  to  im 
merse  disciples.  And  this  is  further  confirmed  by 
what  the  Saviour  adds,  "  Teaching  them  to  observe 
all  things  whatsoever  I  have  commanded  yon." 
The  persons  to  be  baptized  are  first  to  be  made  dis 
ciples  by  repentance  and  faith  ;  then  they  are  to 
receive  immersion,  and  immediately  after  they  are 
to  have  full  instruction  in  all  the  inspired  words 
of  Jesus.  The  commission  commands  the  baptism 
not  of  unconscious  infants,  but  of  believers  only. 

On  the  day  of  Pentecost  3000  persons  were  bap- 


l  Wesley's  Works,  i.,  130,  Phila.,  1820. 

1  Cathcart's  Baptism  of  the  Ages,  Baptist  Pub.  Society,  Phila. 


BAPTISM 


'I 


BAPTIST 


tized,  of  whom  it  is  written,  ''  Then  they  that 
gladly  received  his  word  were  baptized,  and  the 
same  day  there  were  added  unto  them  about  three 
thousand  souls." — Acts  ii.  41.  No  unconscious  babe 
received  "  the  word  gladly.''  These  persons  were 
believers.  When  the  evangelist,  Philip,  told  the 
>,tory  of  the  cross  in  Samaria,  "  They  believed 
Philip  preaching  the  things  concerning  the  king 
dom  of  God  and  the  name  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  they 
were  baptized  both  men  and  women." — Acts  viii. 
12.  Philip's  converts  were  all  professed  believ 
ers,  and  these  only  were  baptized.  The  eunuch 
claimed  to  be  a  disciple  before  he  was  baptized. 
Paul  was  a  believer  before  Ananias  immersed  him. 
— Acts  xxii.  16.  Of  Cornelius  and  his  household 
it  is  said  that  he  was  "  a  devout  man,  and  one  that 
feared  God  with  all  his  house."  "  Then  answered 
Peter,  '  Can  any  man  forbid  water,  that  these  should 
not  be  baptized,  who  have  received  (he  Holy  Spirit 
as  well  as  we?'  And  he  commanded  them  to  lie 
baptized  in  the  name  of  the  Lord." — Acts  x.  '2,  24. 
47,  48.  This  devout  household  that  had  received 
the  Holy  Spirit  and  baptism  was  a  believing  family, 
and  the  "  kinsmen  and  near  friends  of  Cornelius,  " 
Avho  shared  in  his  privileges,  were  believers.  Of 
Lydia  it  is  said  that  "  the  Lord  opened  her  heart, 
that  she  attended  unto  the  things  which  were 
spoken  of  Paul,"  and  she  was  ''baptized,  and  her 
household." — Acts  xvi.  14.  15.  Nothing  is  said 
about  the  persons  composing  her  household.  But 
if  her  heart  was  opened  by  the  Lord  her  family 
needed  the  same  blessing ;  as  for  her  family  being 
baptized  on  her  faith,  the  writer  of  the  Acts  gives  no 
hint  of  it;  he  does  not  say  she  had  children  or  a 
husband,  or  that  husband  and  children  and  servants 
were  baptized  on  her  faith.  She  was  a  visitor  on 
business  at  Philippi,  apparently  without  husband  or 
children,  and  there  is  no  evidence  that  anv  infant 
received  baptism  in  her  household.  Of  the  jailer 
at  Philippi,  it  is  said  that  Paul  and  Silas  "spake 
unto  him  the  word  of  the  Lord,  and  to  all  that  were 
in  his  house,''  and  that  "he  was  baptized,  he  and 
all  his.  straightway,"  and  that  "  he  rejoiced,  believ 
ing  in  God  with  all  his  house." — Acts  xvi.  32,  33, 
34.  Among  these  hearers  of  the  Word  who  were 
rejoicing  believers  there  was  no  unconscious  infant. 
If  the  household  of  Crispus  was  baptized,  it  is  said 
that  "he  believed  on  the  Lord  with  all  his  house," 
and  in  this  supposed  baptism  the  subjects  were  be 
lievers.  Of  the  twelve  men  who  had  only  John's 
baptism,  whom  Paul  met  at  Ephesus,  and  whom 
he  is  supposed  to  have  rebaptized, — Acts  xix.  2. — it 
cannot  be  said  that  there  was  an  unconscious  infant 
among  them.  Nor  could  there  be  in  the  household 
of  Stephanas,  baptized  by  Paul,  and  of  whom  he 
says,  that  "  they  addicted  themselves  to  the  ministry 
of  the  saints.''1 — 1  Cor.  xvi.  15.  John's  baptism 
was  precisely  the  same  as  Christ's,  as  Calvin  (In 


stitutes,  lib.  iv.,  cap.  15,  sec.  7)  and  others  teach, 
and  of  it  Mark  says,  "  John  did  baptize  in  the 
wilderness,  and  preach  the  baptism  of  repentance 
for  the  remission  of  sins.  And  there  went  out  unto 
him  all  the  land  of  Judea,  and  they  of  Jerusalem, 
and  were  all  baptized  of  him  in  the  river  Jordan, 
confessing  their  sins." — Mark  i.  4,  5.  No  uncon 
scious  infant  confessed  its  sins  in  these  Jordan  im 
mersions.  The  apostle  John  gives  the  Saviour's 
exact  idea  of  the  qualifications  for  baptism  when 
he  says,  "When  therefore  the  Lord  knew  how  the 
Pharisees  had  heard  that  Jesus  made  and  baptized 
more  disciples  than  John." — -John  iv.  1.  This  is 
the  Saviour's  law  of  baptism, — make  disciples,  then 
baptize  them:  "Go  ye  and  teach  all  nations  (make 
disciples  of  all  nations),  baptizing  them  in  the 
name,"  etc.  This  was  the  uniform  practice  of  the 
apostles,  to  which  there  are  no  exceptions.  There 
is  not  an  instance  of  infant  baptism  in  the  New 
Testament,  nor  is  there  any  command  enjoining  it. 
It  lias  no  more  Scriptural  foundation  than  the  in 
fallibility  of  the  Pope,  or  the  inspiration  of  the 
"Book  of  Mormon."  Neander  writes  with  au 
thority  when  he  says.  "Baptism,  at  first,  was  ad 
ministered  only  to  adults,  as  men  were  accustomed 
to  conceive  baptism  and  faith  as  strictly  connected. 
We  have  (ill  reason  for  not  deriving  infant  baptism 
from  apostolic  institution.''  There  is  but  one  New 
Testament  scripture  which  can  be  used  to  counte 
nance  infant  baptism  :  "  Submit  yourself  to  every 
ordinance  of  man  for  the  Lord's  sake," — 1  Peter  ii. 
13, — but  unfortunately  the  same  scripture  requires 
submission  to  every  enormity  instituted  by  earthly 
governments. 
Baptist,  Rev.  Edward,  Sr.,  D.D.,  1790- 

1863,  was  born  in  Mecklenburg  Co.,  Ya.,  May  12, 
17'JU;  becoming  a  Christian  at  the  age  of  eighteen, 
he  united  with  the  Presbyterian  Church,  of  which 
his  mother  was  a  member,  his  father  being  an 
Episcopalian.  lie  graduated  in  Ilampden  Sidney 
College  with  a  view  to  the  practice  of  medicine. 
He  became  dissatisfied  with  his  ecclesiastical  rela 
tions,  and  on  a  thorough  investigation  of  the  sub 
ject  of  baptism,  united  with  the  Baptists,  and  was 
baptized  by  the  Rev.  Richard  Dobbs.  Realizing 
that  God  had  called  him  to  the  gospel  ministry, 
he  returned  to  Ilampden  Sidney,  and  graduated  in 
the  courses  of  theology  under  the  celebrated  I>r. 
Iloge  :  and  in  1815.  at  the  age  of  twenty-five,  he 
was  set  apart  by  ordination  to  his  high  calling, 
and  settled  in  Powhatan  County ;  was  married 
to  Miss  Eliza  J.  C.  Eggleston,  who  survived  him  ; 
built  up  several  strong  churches  in  Virginia;  held 
an  influence  among  the  Baptists  of  that  State 
second  to  no  man  in  his  day  ;  was  the  prime  mover 
in  the  origination  of  the  General  Association  in 
1822,  and  drafted  its  constitution.  lie  was  also 
the  originator  of  the  Baptist  Educational  Society 


BA  1'TIST 


BAPTISTERY 


and  Soinintirv  of  that  State,  and  by  appointment 
instructed  a  number  of  young  men  who  were 
studying  for  tlie  ministry.  Being  a  preacher  of 
great  ability,  piotv,  and  eloquence,  a  revival  began 
under  his  ministry  which  extended  over  a  large 
part  of  the  State,  and  joyously  affected  the  churches 
in  the  city  of  Richmond.  After  a  brilliant  minis 
try  of  twenty  years  in  Virginia,  he  moved  to  Ala 
bama  in  IS.'!"),  settling  in  Marengo  County,  where 
he  remained  to  his  death.  In  his  new  field  he 
again  planted  and  established  several  strong 
churches,  among  a  wealthy  and  liberal  people. 
One  of  them  was  at  Uniontown,  where  he  was 
many  years  pastor.  lie  took  an  active  part  in  the 
Baptist  Convention  of  this  State,  and  in  all  our 
denominational  schools  and  enterprises.  lie  re 
ceived  several  calls  to  large  city  churches,  which 
lie  declined,  believing  that  a  country  pastorale 
suited  his  frail  health  better,  lie  wrote  exten 
sively  for  the  Itelii/ioii..-*  HIT  aid  anil  other  Christian 
papers;  held  honorable  contests  in  the  public 
prints  with  Alexander  Campbell  and  Dr.  John  L. 
llice.  A  series  of  thirty  letters  published  in  the 
Eeligioiis  Herald  was  subsequently  put  in  book- 
form.  A  volume  of  his  sermons  was  in  the  hands 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society  at 
Charleston  for  publication,  but  with  much  other 
valuable  Baptist  literature  it  was  destroyed  in  the 
late  war.  Dr.  Baptist  died  at  his  residence  in 
Marengo  Co.,  Ala.,  March  31,  18G3,  having  lived 
in  that  State  twenty-eight  years.  He  was  always 
in  comfortable  worldly  circumstances;  reared  a 
charming  family.  His  sun.  Rev.  Edward  Baptist, 
Jr.,  is  now  a  distinguished  minister  in  Virginia. 
Dr.  Baptist  was  a  devout,  zealous,  happy,  Chris 
tian  gentleman. 

Baptist  General  Convention  for  Missionary 
Purposes.     See  TRIENNIAL  CONVENTION. 
Baptist  Pioneers  in  Religious  Enterprise.— 

Through  Roger  Williams  they  founded  the  first 
government  on  earth  where  absolute  religious  lib 
erty  was  established.  Through  the  protracted  labors 
of  the  Rev.  John  Caune  they  placed  marginal  ref 
erences  in  the  English  Bible.  (Neal's  "  History  of 
the  Puritans,"  ii.  50.  Dublin,  1755.)  Through  Dr. 
William  Carey  they  gave  modern  missions  to  the 
pious  regards  and  efforts  of  Christians  in  all  lands. 
Through  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hughes,  of  London,  on 
May  4,  1804,  they  established  the  British  and  For 
eign  Bible  Society,  and  in  it  every  kindred  institu 
tion  on  earth.  (Ivimey's  "  History  of  the  English 
Baptists,"  ii.  93.)  For  their  numbers  Baptists  have 
shown  an  extraordinary  measure  of  holy  enterprise. 
Baptist  Weekly,  The,  is  a  quarto  journal,  de 
voted,  as  its  name  indicates,  to  the  promotion  of 
Christianity  as  held  by  the  Baptists.  The  Chris 
tian  Contributor  and  the  Western  Christian  were 
purchased  by  the  American  Baptist  Free  Mission 


Society,  and  they  were  united,  and  received  the 
name  of  the  American  Baptist,  Rev.  Warhnm 
Walker,  editor.  The  paper,  with  the  headquarters 
of  the  society,  was  located  at  Utica,  X.  Y.,  until 
1857,  when  it 'was  removed  to  the  citv  of  New 
York.  Mr.  Walker  was  assisted  for  a  year  by  the 
well-known  Rev.  Nathan  Brown,  D.I).,  a  returned 
missionary  from  Assam,  alter  which  Dr.  Brown 
was  appointed  editor,  assisted  by  Rev.  .John  Duer, 
of  Massachusetts,  and  he  remained  in  the  position 
till  1872,  when  ho  resigned  to  accept  an  appoint 
ment  from  the  American  Baptist- Missionary  Union 
as  missionary  to  Japan.  The  paper  under  Dr. 
Brown  was  opposed  to  slavery,  all  secret  societies, 
and  the  honorary  titles  of  clergymen. 

In  May,  1872,  A.  L.  Patton.  D.D..  purchased  the 
paper,  changed  it  from  a  folio  to  a  quarto,  enlarged 
it,  and  improved  it  in  many  respects.  Its  special 
ties  were  dropped,  and  it  entered  on  a  vigorous  ad 
vocacy  of  all  the  great  interests  of  the  Baptist 
denomination.  It  earnestly  maintains  the  distinc 
tive  principles  and  practices  of  the  Baptists.  It  is 
eminently  conservative,  patient  with  those  who 
differ  from  it,  conciliatory  to  those  who  strike  out 
on  ''new  departures"  in  matters  not  essential  to 
purity  of  life  or  evangelical  teaching.  It  is  emi 
nently  a  peace-maker  in  /ion.  Dr.  Patton  and 
Dr.  Middleditch  make  an  admirable  paper,  whose 
weekly  visits  are  welcomed  by  a  large  number  of 
subscribers. 

Baptistery,  an  Ancient  Roman  and  a  Mod 
ern.— The  Rev.  Dr.  A.  J.  Rowland,  of  Philadel 
phia,  gives  the  following  account  of  a  celebrated 
baptistery  in  Rome: 

''  I  visited  it  on  Sunday  afternoon,  Sept.  24.  1876  ; 
the  building  is  octagonal  in  form,  and  stands  a  lit 
tle  distance  from  the  line  old  church  of  St.  John 
de  Lateran.  which  gives  it  its  name  (and  for  the 
use  of  which  it  was  appropriated).  One  is  struck 
with  the  antiquity  of  its  appearance,  and  is  not 
surprised  to  learn  from  the  guide  that  it  dates  back 
to  the  time  of  Constantino.  The  building  is  about 
50  feet  in  diameter.  The  pool  of  the  baptistery  is 
of  creen  basalt ;  and  it  is  about  twenty  feet  long 
In/  -fifteen  wide,  the  form  being  that  of  an  ellipse. 
There  seemed  to  be  a  false  wooden  floor  in  the  bot 
tom,  but  the  depth,  even  ici/k  this,  iras  something 
over  three  feet.  I  asked  the  guide,  who  seemed  to 
belong  to  one  of  the  lower  orders  of  the  clergy,  the 
use  of  this  large  font,  so  unlike  those  in  modern 
churches,  and  he  replied  '  that  its  size  was  due  to 
the  fact  that  anc.iently  people  wire  immersed.'  I 
inquired  if  it  was  ever  used  for  immersion  now. 
'Yes,'  he  said;  'on  Easter-eve.  Jews  and  pagans 
wlio  accept  the  faith  of  the  church  are  baptized 
here  in  that  way.''  This  fact  I  subsequently  found 
also  in  Baedeker's  celebrated  guide-book.  On  the 
j  right  and  left  of  the  baptistery  building  doors 


BAPTISTERY 


BAPTISTERY 


open  into  two  small  apartments,  now  known  a 
chapels  ;  on  the  ceiling  of  one  of  them  is  an  ol< 
mosaic,  dating  back  to  the  fifth  century,  represent 
ing  John  tin;  Baptist  performing  the  rite  of  immer 
sion.  It  appeared  to  me  that  these  two  apartment 
may  have  been  originally  dressing-rooms  for  bap 
tismal  occasions.  Between  the  pool  and  the  onto 
Avails  of  the  building  there  is  space  enough,  I  think 
for  four  or  five  hundred  spectators  to  witness  a  bap 
tism."  (Cathcart's  "Baptism  of  the  Ages,''  pp 
152-53.) 

A  thousand  years  ago,  at  Easter,  immersion  Ava.> 
the  customary  mode  of  baptism  in  this  church,  an< 
the  pope  himself  was  occasionally  the  administra 
tor,  wearing  a  "pair  of  waxed  drawers,"  which,  of 
course,  were  water-proof.  (-1  History  of  Baptism. " 
by  Robinson,  p.  10(5.  Xashville,  i860.)  There  art 
still  many  ancient  baptisteries  in  Italy. 

A  modern  baptistery  is  generally  in  the  church 
edifice;  that  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  Phila 
delphia,  rests  on.  not  in,  the  pulpit  platform.  Tt 
is  8  feet  long,  about  (5  feet  wide,  and  4  feet  Ci 
inches  deep.  It  is  octagonal  in  form.  It  is  built 
of  white  statuary  marble,  lined  with  zinc.  It  is 
filled  by  one  opening  in  the  bottom,  and  emptied 
by  another.  It  is  entered  by  two  sets  of  iron 
stairs  coated  with  zinc,  each  of  which  is  protected 
from  sight  by  a  Aval  nut  curtain,  of  about  7  feet 
in  height  from  the  pulpit  platform.  Six  inches 
from  the  top  of  the  baptistery  there  is  an  opening 
to  prevent  an  overflow  of  the  platform.  Under 
each  set  of  steps  is  the  end  of  a  bent  pipe,  rising  a 
few  inches  from  the  bottom  of  the  pool,  the  bend 
of  the  pipe  being  in  a  furnace  in  the  cellar ;  when 
the  water  is  in  the  font  and  a  fire  in  the  furnace,  this 
water  will  reach  a  comfortable  temperature  in  half 
an  hour.  Back  of  the  baptistery,  on  the  same  floor. 
are  two  preparing-rooms  for  the  accommodation  of 
candidates.  The  pool  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
of  modern  fonts,  but  it  is  a  poor  vessel  compared 
with  many  ancient  fonts  still  to  be  seen  in  Italy. 

Baptistery  in  an  Episcopal  Church.— Tvimey 

says  that  u  in  the  parish  church  of  Cranbrook, 
Kent,  England,  there  is  at  present  (1S14)  a  bap 
tistery  built  for  the  purpose  of  immersion.  It  is 
a  brick  cistern  placed  against  the  Avail  within  the 
church  above  the  floor.  There  are  steps  both  out 
side  and  inside,  for  the  convenience  of  the  person 
baptized,  Avhile  the  administrator  stands  by  the 
side  of  the  baptistery  to  immerse  the  person.  It 
is  supposed  that  the  baptistery  Avas  built  by  the 
vicar,  a  Mr.  Johnson,  in  the  beginning  of  the  last 
century."  ("  History  of  the  English  Baptists/'  ii., 
227.  London.  1814.)  Probably  there  are  several 
other  baptisteries  in  Episcopal  churches  in  Eng 
land  just  noAV.  The  law  of  that  church  requires 
dipping  unless  it  is  certified  to  the  priest  "  that  the 
child  is  weak."  And  as  many  adults  in  England, 
C, 


of  Baptist  training,  have  not  been  baptized,  if  ;niy 
one  of  them  united  Avith  the  Episcopal  Church,  he 
Avould  most  likely  insist  on  immersion.  The  writer 
of  this  article  saw  a  beautiful  baptistery  in  184S 
in  the  vestibule  of  the  parish  church.  Bradford, 
York,  England. 

Baptistery  of  Milan,  The.— Three  friends  .,»•. 

different  times  searched  Milan  for  photographs  ,-i 
its  ancient  baptistery  at  the  request  of  the  writer. 
The  first  two  failed  to  secure  any  picture,  because 
no  photograph  of  it  Avas  ever  taken.  The  last  ob 
tained,  with  some  difficulty,  and  perhaps  bv  using 
a  golden  argument,  a  lithograph  sketch  of  the  font 


Jkcttistero. 


n 


BAPTISTERY    OF    All  I,  AX. 

from  a  sacristan.  It  is  an  ancient  sarcophagus,  said 
o  have  contained  the  ashes  of  an  early  saint  ;  its 
naterial  is  porphyry.  According  to  the  measure- 
nent  of  our  friend  it  is  0  feet  8  inches  long  and 
24  inches  deep.  Until  a  very  recent  period  fu'l 
mmersion  was  the  baptism  always  administered  in 
his  Catholic  font.  Dean  Stanley  utters  the  testi- 
lony  of  Christendom  about  immersion  in  the 
hurch  of  St.  Ambrose  when  he  says,  "With  the 
wo  exceptions  of  the  Cathedral  of  Milan  and  the 
ect  of  the  Baptists,  a  few  drops  of  water  are  now 
he  Western  substitute  for  the  threefold  plunge  into 
he  rushing  rivers,  or  the  wide  baptisteries  of  the 


74 


Hast."  In  ls:50  the  late  Dr.  Howard  Malcom  wit 
nessed  an  immersion  in  the  sarcophagus  font,  a  full 
."ccount  of  which  is  in  "  Tlie  Baptism  of  the  Aires," 
pp.  1  .">!>.  l.'il. 

'1'lie  friend  already  alluded  to  says.  "  On  Sunday. 
Auu;.  2.">.  1S7S,  I  \vitnesseil  ;i  baptism  in  the  Cathe 
dral  of  .Milan.  After  anointing  tlio  ears  of  the 
child,  it  was  placed  on  the  arms  of  the  officiating 
priest,  his  left  arm  being  under  its  neck  ;  then.  by 
movements  from  tlie  left  to  the  right,  the  hack  part 
of  its  head  was  passed  three  times  through  the 
water." 

I  low  much  later  than  1S30  the  font  has  been  used 
for  immersion  we  cannot  tell,  but  it  was  always 
employed  for  this  purpose  till  that  time.  And  more 
than  40  other  baptisteries  now  in  Italy,  much  larger 
than  the  sarcophagus'  of  .Milan,  have  given  immer 
sion  for  centuries  to  the  people  that  lived  around 


Baptistery  of  Paulinus,  in  England.—  Near 

tlie  Cheviot  Hills,  dividing  England  from  Scotland. 
about  30  miles  from  Newcastle,  and  2  miles  from 
the  village  of  Harbottle.  there  is  a  beautiful  foun 
tain.  issuing  from  the  top  of  a  little  hill;  its  basin 
at  present  is  about  '.\4  feet  long.  '20  broad,  and  '2 
deep.  This  cavitv  could  easily  be  made  several 
feet  deeper:  from  the  spring  a  stream  flows  which 
firms  a  little  creek.  At  tlie  side  of  the  fountain 
the  writer,  in  lSi'i',1.  saw  an  ancient  statue  of  life 
si/.e  called  the  "  Bishop."  no  doubt  Bishop  Pau- 
linus.  The  name  of  the  fountain  is  "The  Lady's 
Well,"  evidently  ''Our  Lady."  —  "The  Virgin 
Marv."  At  hand  are  the  remains  of  an  ancient 
nunnery.  In  it  stands  a  granite  crucifix  erected 
about  thirty  years  ago.  under  the  superintendence 
of  the  vicar  of  llarbottle.  a  graduate  of  Oxford, 
on  which  is  cut:  "In  This  Place.  'Paulinus.  Tlie 
Bishop.  Bapti/ed  Three  Thousand  Northumbrians, 
Easter.  027."  (Cathcart's  "  Baptism  of  the  Ages,'' 
pp.  27.  2S,  29.  30.  Publication  Society.  Philadel 
phia.)  Our  Knglish  ancestors  baptized  in  fountains 
and  rivers  very  frequently. 

Baptists,  General  Sketch  of  the.—  The  Bap 
tist  denomination  was  founded  by  Jesus  during  his 
earthly  ministry.  Next  to  the  Teacher  of  Na/.areth. 
our  great  leaders  were  the  apostles,  and  the  elders. 
bishops,  and  evangelists,  who  preached  Christ  in 
their  times.  The  instructions  of  our  Founder  are 
contained  in  the  four  (Jospels,  the  heaven-given 
teachings  of  our  earliest  ministers  are  in  the  inspired 
Lpistles.  The  first  Baptist  missionary  journal  was 
the  Acts  of  the  Apostles.  For  the  first  two  centu 
ries  all  the  congregations  of  the  Church  Universal 
(Catholic)  were  Baptist  communities.  During  the 
two  succeeding  centuries  the  baptism  of  unconscious 
babes  had  such  a  limited  existence  that  it  is  scarcely 
worthy  of  notice.  During  the  fifth  and  sixth  cen 
turies  the  baptism  of  catechumens,  that  is,  of  cate 


chized  persons  instructed  beforehand  for  the  sacred 
rite,  was  still  common  throughout  Christendom. 
Though  the  candidates  were  constantly  becoming 
younger,  they  always  professed  their  own  faith. 
Nor  was  the  baptism  of  catechumens  laid  aside  en- 
tirclv  in  Home  itself  in  the  ninth  century.  From 
the  beginning  of  the  fifth  centurv  infants  commonly 
were  bapti/.ed  when  very  ill  to  take  away  Adam's 
limit,  lest  they  might  die  and  be  lost.  And  though 
there  were  a  few  cases  of  infant  baptism  before  this 
period,  it  was  about  this  time  it  began  to  spread, 
but  it  required  a  good  many  centuries  to  gain  the 
complete  mastery  of  the  Church  I'niversal  (Cath 
olic)  :  and  before  it  succeeded,  heretics,  so  called, 
llourished  outside  of  the  great  corrupted  Church 
I'niversal  (Catholic).  And  even  infant  baptism 
itself,  when  it  sprang  up.  had  to  take  the  apostolic 
idea  that  faith  was  a  prerequisite  to  baptism,  and 
borrow  faith  from  the  sponsors  or  parents  of  the 
child,  or-  from  the  whole  church,  to  make  good  its 
claim  to  the  initiatory  rite  of  the  Christian  Church. 
And  it  follows  this  course  still. 

The  iirst  great  error  among  Christians  was  that 
water  baptism  in  some  way  removed  the  sins  of 
in-nilnitx.  This  heresy  was  common  in  the  third 
centurv.  About  the  same  time  the  Lord's  Supper 
be^an  to  be  regarded  by  some  as  possessing  soul- 
healing  etlicacy  for  him  who  partook  of  it.  and  a 
magical  power  to  protect  the  dwelling,  or  a  ship  at 
sea.  if  a  portion  of  the  bread  was  in  the  one  or  the 
other.  These  two  follies  led  Christians  to  magnify 
the  minister  enormously,  who  could  impart  the 
soul-cleansing  immersion,  and  consecrate  the  heart- 
healing,  and  house-  and  ship-protecting,  sacramental 
supper.  These  heresies,  with  their  priestly  rever 
ence,  fostered  sacerdotal  ambition,  and  led  to  the 
creation  of  gradations  of  rank  among  the  clergy, 
until  in  process  of  time  the  l'iiiver>al  Church  had 
little  to  show  but  a  pyramid  of  priests,  with  the 
inferior  ministry  as  its  broad  base,  and  the  pope  at 
its  head,  and  two  sacred  ceremonies,  the  one  giving 
imaginary  salvation  through  baptismal  water,  and 
:  the  other  the  supposed  body  and  blood  of  the  Lord, 
through  real  bread  and  wine.  And  as  evils  grow 
at  a  rapid  rate,  these  perversions  of  baptism  and 
the  Lord's  Supper  generated  the  whole  brood  of 
Komish  ceremonies  and  superstitions. 

AVlien  this  conviction  about  the  power  of  bap 
tism  to  take  away  the  sins  of  believers  became 
common  in  the  third  century,  then  for  the  first 
time  the  baptism  of  unconscious  babes  was  thought 
of;  but  in  that  century  there  is  only  one  case  of 
the  kind,  and  not  many  more  in  the  fourth  :  but  in 
the  fifth.  Augustine  of  Hippo  began  to  frighten 
the  Christian  world  with  the  falsehood  that  infants 
would  perish  through  Adam's  sin  without  baptism. 
At  the  same  time  bits  of  the  bread  of  the  Lord's 
Supper  were  forced  upon  the  unconscious  child,  or 


BAPTISTS 


BAPTISTS 


u  little  of  the  wine,  to  give  double  salvation  from 
two  redeeming  sacraments.  As  we  have  said,  for 
long  ages  after  this  hosts  in  the  Church  Universal 
1  night  this  wicked  rite,  which  usurped  the  place  of 
Christ's  holy  sacrament,  and  induced  the  Saviour's 
servants  to  trust  saving  water,  instead  of  the  blood 
"f  atonement  and  the  arm  of  omnipotence. 

A\  hen  these  superstitions  gained  extensive  sway 
in  the  Church  Universal  (Catholic),  communities  of 
Christians  sprang  up  in  various  quarters,  some  of 
which  held  the  old  truths  of  our  mighty  Founder 
whom  John  baptized  in  the  river  Jordan  when  he 
had  reached  the  age  of  full  manhood.  The  Pauli- 
cians.  originating  in  the  seventh  century  in  Arme 
nia,  were  Baptists.  This  community,  brought  into 
life  by  reading  the  Word  of  Cod.  flourished  for  a 
time  in  its  native  place,  then  it  sent  missionaries 
into  Thrace,  Bulgaria.  Bosnia,  Servia,  Italy.  France. 
Germany,  and  other  countries,  and  gathered  mil 
lions  of  adherents,  and  terrified  popes,  and  drew 
kings  with  crusading  armies  of  vast  strength  to 
kill  its  members.  Between  five  hundred  thousand 
and  a  million  of  them  were  put  to  death  in  France 
in  the  thirteenth  century. 

This  people  was  most  commonly  known  in  Europe 
us  Albigenses,  but  they  bore  many  names  and  ma 
lignant  reproaches;  and  the  worst  doctrines  and 
practices  were  falsely  imputed  to  them.  The  Pau- 
lician,  Bogomilian,  Albigenses  existed  in  strength 
in  Bosnia  till  140:},  and  were  found  there  till  a  later 
day. 

From  the  twelfth  century  till  the  Reformation 
the  A\  aldenses  occupied  a  conspicuous  place  in  the 
hatred  of  Catholic  Europe,  and  in  the  violence  of 
fierce  persecutions.  And  some  of  these  illustrious 
sufferers  were  Baptists. 

In  the  same  century  which  gave  birth  to  the 
A\  aldenses  the  Ilenricians  and  Petrobrusians  com 
menced  their  existence  as  gospel  communities,  and 
held  forth  the  lamp  of  life  to  the  perishing,  so  that 
large  numbers  were  saved.  These  so-called  heretics 
•were  Baptists. 

During  that  mighty  upheaval  in  the  days  of  Lu 
ther  which  shook  the  papacy  to  its  lowest  founda 
tions,  men  with  Anabaptist  principles  appeared  in 
every  direction  with  a  suddenness  that  startled  the 
world,  and  they  were  welcomed  immediately  with 
cruel  greetings  to  foul  dungeons  and  barbarous 
deaths.  Their  blood  flowed  in  torrents  upon  the 
continent  of  Europe  ;  and  even  in  England  it  was 
wickedly  shed. 

It  is  not  improbable  that  the  ancient  Britons 
were  opponents  of  infant  baptism  when  the  Romish  I 
missionary  Augustine  met  them  in  608.  But  the 
evidence  furnished  by  Bode,  Eccles.  Hist.,  lib.  ii., 
cap.  2,  is  not  sufficient  to  establish  this.  In  the 
early  period  of  the  Reformation  Anabaptists  be 
came  quite  numerous  in  England,  and  they  excited 


the    indignation    of    King    Henry  VIII.   and    the 
clergy,  and  they  are  often  alluded  to  in  denuncia 
tory  language  in  public  documents.     A  little  fur 
ther  on  they  were  subjected  to  cruel   persecutions. 
In  the  time  of  Edward  VI.,  Joan  of  Kent,  who  car 
ried  Bibles  into  the  palace  of  Henry  A'HI.  for  dis- 
|  tribution.  concealed    under   her   apron,    when   the 
penalty  for   the   act  was   death,  was   jriven   to   the 
flames  by  King  Edward   by  the  over-persuasion  of 
Archbishop    Cranmer.     Others    shared    her    harsh 
fate,  but  Baptist  doctrines  spread,  to  the  dismay  of 
the  clergy,  and   found  a  place  in  hearts  opened  of 
(iod   in   all   parts   of  the   kingdom.     And  even  in 
Scotland  mighty  John  Knox  found  it  necessary  to 
write  a  book  against  them.     Queen  Eli/abeth   and 
James   I.  treated   them   with   royal   barbarity,  and 
Charles  I.  would   have  imitated  their  example  had 
not  the  rising  spirit  of  Anglo-Saxon   liberty  put  a 
bit   in   his   mouth,  and   finally  cut   off  the  tyrant's 
head.     For   some   years    preceding    and    following 
1649,  the  date  of  this  event,  the   Baptists  enjoyed 
extraordinary  prosperity:   they  filled   the  English 
army  in  Ireland  with  officers,  and  they  had  a  larire 
number  over   the   troops   located  in   Scotland  and 
England,  and   even   in    Cromwell's  own  regiment. 
So  sturdy  was   their  republicanism    that   many  of 
them   could    see   no  difference   between   Charles  I. 
reigning  without  a   Parliament  and  Oliver  Crom 
well   governing  without  a   Legislature.     The  Pro 
tector  distrusted   them,  and   procured  a  letter  from 
the   celebrated    London    Baptist  minister,  William 
Kiffin,  which  others  signed,  exhorting  their  brethren 
in  Ireland   to  submission.      (Hanserd   Knollvs   So 
ciety's  Confessions  of   Faith,   p.    3 ±2.)      Cromwell 
was   so   concerned    about    the   opposition    of   some 
members  of  this   now  powerful   body  that  lie  had 
spies   to  watch    their   movements  and   report  their 
supposed  conspiracies.      Thurloe  gives  the  letter  of 
one  of  these  spies  describing  the  proceedings  of  a 
Baptist  Association  in  England,  and  mentioning  its 
prayers,  letters,  sermons,  and  speakersjust  as  the  pro 
ceedings  of  such  a  body  might  be  described  to-day. 
Generals  Harrison,  Lillmrn.  Overtoil,  and  Ludlow. 
and  others  in  the  army:  Admiral-General  Richard 
Peane,  of  both   the   army  and   the   navy.  Admiral 
Sir  John  Lawson,  and  a  large  number  of  other  dis 
tinguished   officers   of  the   navy,  reflected   a  glory 
upon  themselves  and  their  Baptist  brethren  which    ' 
created  fear  or  joy  throughout  their  island   home. 
It  was  said  that  alarm  lest  the  Baptists  should  seize 
the  government  after  Cromwell's  death  actually  led 
the  Presbyterians  to  unite  with  the  Episcopalians 
in   bringing  from    Holland  to   the  English   throne 
Charles   II.,  the   greatest  profligate  that  ever  dis 
honored    the    family    relation.      In    the    reiirn    of 
Charles,  and  his  brother  James,  the  most  wicked 
persecutions  were  applied  to  Dissenters,  and  while 
the   English    Presbyterians   from    them   and   from 


BAPTISTS 


76 


BAPTISTS 


subsequent  heresy  were  annihilated,  the  Baptists 
received  blows  the  effects  of  which  they  feel  in 
England  to-day. 

They  are  now  divided  into  General  and  Partic 
ular  Baptists,  the  Conner  being  the  smaller  body. 
The  word  "General"  was  put  in  their  name  to  de 
scribe  their  doctrine  oC  the  atonement;  they  hold 
Armiiiian  views  of  it  and  of  all  the  doctrines  of 
"•race;  the  word  "  Particular"  was  originally  as 
sumed  to  show  that  this  section  of  the  English 
Baptists  held  a  limited  atonement,  and  Calvinistical 
views  of  the  doctrines  of  grace.  These  British 
Baptists  have  been  enterprising,  and  have  had 
many  distinguished  men,  but  they  have  been  sadly 
hindered  by  persecutions  and  by  the  social  tyranny 
of  a  powerful  and  intolerant  state  church.  There 
are  in  England,  Wales,  Scotland,  and  Ireland 
2020  Baptist  churches,  with  a  membership  of 
269,836. 

linger  Williams,  a  Welshman  by  birth,  an  Epis 
copalian  by  training,  a  Congregationalist  by  choice, 
and  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Cambridge. 
England,  came  to  New  England  in  1631.  Two  or 
three  years  afterwards  lie  was  appointed  assistant 
minister  to  the  Congregational  church  of  Salem, 
Mass.  While  there  he  denied  the  right  of  the 
magistrates  to  punish  offenses  of  a  purely  religious 
character,  and  "in  one  year's  time  he  tilled  the 
place  with  principles  of  rigid  separation  (from  the 
Church  of  England)  and  tending  to  Anabaptism." 
For  these  "  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors"  he  was 
finally  ordered  to  leave  the  colony  ;  and  failing  to 
render  obedience  to  the  lordly  Puritans  of  that  day, 
and  learning  that  he  was  about  to  be  sent  home  by 
force,  he  fled  in  the  depth  of  winter  to  the  Narra- 
gansett  Indians,  and  established  the  city  of  Provi 
dence  in  1636,  and  the  first  Baptist  church  in 
America  in  that  city  in  1639.  The  community 
which  gathered  around  him  adopted  from  him  the 
old  Baptist  doctrine  of  absolute  freedom  of  con 
science,  and  incorporated  it  in  their  laws ;  and 
when  Joshua  Verm,  a  little  time  after  the  settle 
ment  of  Providence,  restrained  his  wife  from  at 
tending  some  religious  meetings,  he  was  disfran 
chised  as  a  punishment  for  his  offense. 

The  church  founded  by  Mr.  Williams  is  still  in 
existence,  and  it  is  regarded  with  veneration  as  the 
first  Baptist  church  in  the  New  World.  It  wor 
ships  in  a  noble  building  erected  one  hundred  and 
five  years  ago. 

In  Massachusetts  cruel  persecutions  were  innictet 
on  Baptists  and  Quakers  for  a  long  period.  In 
Virginia  the  hand  of  legal  violence  was  frequently 
raised  with  wicked  force  against  our  saintly  fathers 
but  in  Rhode  Island,  long  under  the  control  of  tin 
Baptists,  whose  governor  at  this  time  worships  ii 
a  Baptist  church,  no  man  ever  suffered  any  penalty 
for  his  religious  convictions. 


Bancroft,  the  historian,  says  of  linger  Williams: 
He  was  the  first  person  in  modern  Christendom 
o  assert  in  its  plenitude  the  doctrine  of  the  liberty 
f  conscience,  the  equality  of  opinions  before  the 
aw;  and  in  its  defense  he  was  the  harbinger  of 
Milton  (a  Baptist),  the  precursor  and  the  super'mr 
f  Jeremv  Taylor.  .  .  .  Williams  would  permit 
oersecution  of  no  opinion,  of  no  religion,  leaving 
leresy  unharmed  by  law.  and  orthodoxy  nnpro- 
,ected  bv  the  terrors  of  penal  laws."  A  ol.  i..  3|.>. 
•  Freedom  of  conscience,  unlimited  freedom  of 
iiind.  was  from  the  first  the  trophy  of  the  Baptists." 
i.,  67.  This  is  justly  said  of  Roger  AVilliams.  and 
t  is  all  true  except  the  statement  that  he  was  u  the 
irs  t  person  in  modern  Christendom"  to  assert  this 
doctrine.  Leonard  Busher,  an  English  Baptist, 
iblished  in  London  in  1614  "Religious  Peace."  in 
which  Williams' s  doctrine  is  repeatedly  asserted. 
This  was  more  than  twenty  years  before  Mr.  AN  il- 
liams  broached  it,  and  Busher  had  many  predeces 
sors  in  announcing  his  inspired  principles.  This 
little  work  is  in  the  Ilanserd  Knollys  volume  of 
Traits  on  Liberty  of  Conscience,"  London.  1846. 
The  blessed  truth  Mr.  Williams  unfolded  on  this 
continent  his  Baptist  brethren  everywhere  preached, 
and  they  have  given  it  sovereign  sway  in  all  this 
land. 

The  Baptists  of  this  country  hold  that  the  Word 
of  God  is  the  only  authority  in  religion,  that  its 
teachings  are  to  be  sacredly  observed,  and  that  to 
religious  doctrines  and  observances  there  can  be  no 
additions  except  from  it ;  they  hold  that  a  man 
should  repent  and  be  saved  through  faith  in  the 
meritorious  Redeemer  before  he  is  baptized  ;  that 
immersion  alone  is  Scripture  baptism  :  that  only 
by  it  can  the  candidate  represent  his  death  to  the 
world,  burial  with  Christ,  and  resurrection  to  new 
ness  of  life;  that  baptism  is  a  prerequisite  to  the 
Lord's  Supper ;  they  hold  the  doctrines  of  the 
Trinity,  of  eternal  and  personal  election,  total  de 
pravity,  regeneration  by  the  Holy  Spirit,  justifica 
tion  by  the  imputed  righteousness  of  Christ,  pro 
gressive  sanctification,  final  perseverance  a  special 
providence,  immediate  and  eternal  glory  for  the 
righteous  after  death,  and  instant  and  unending- 
misery  for  the  ungodly.  They  hold  the  doctrinal 
articles  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  they  only 
differ  from  that  honored  Calvinistical  community 
in  the  mode  and  subjects  of  baptism,  and  in  their 
congregational  church  government.  They  hold 
that  all  regenerated  believers  are  saved,  whether 
they  are  immersed  or  sprinkled,  or  lack  both  cere 
monies  ;  and  they  insist  on  the  immersion  of  be 
lievers  because  Christ  was  immersed,  and  because 
he  enjoins  immersion  upon  all  believers. 

In  this  country  we  have  38  colleges  and  theolog 
ical  seminaries,  and  many  superior  academies.  We 
have  in  North  America  63  religious  periodicals. 


BAPTISTS 


BAPTISTS 


The  Baptist  motto  ever  has  been,  "Let  there  be 
light,  secular,  sacred,  and  redeeming,  till  it  covers 
the  earth  and  bathes  humanity  in  its  shining 
waves  !'' 

In  the  United  States  we  have  24.794  churches, 
M.40I  ministers,  and  2.200.000  members,  which, 
with  adherents,  young  and  old,  give  us  more  than 
5,000,000  of  persons  who  hold  our  principles.  In 
the  various  provinces  of  Canada,  and  in  the  British 
West  India  Islands,  there  are  849  churches,  with 
89.93S  members.  Baptist  missions  in  Germany, 
France,  Sweden,  and  other  sections  of  Europe,  and 
in  Asia  and  Africa,  will  be  noticed  under  the 
names  of  the  countries  in  which  they  are  located. 
In  the  world  there  are  29,4(11)  Baptist  churches, 
with  a  membership  of  2,063.172,  which,  with  other 
adherents  in  Sunday-schools  and  congregations, 
would  probably  give  us  between  7,000.000  and 
8,000.0110  of  Baptists.  This  does  not  include  de 
nominations  in  the  United  States  that  hold  be 
liever's  immersion,  which  are  not  Regular  Baptists, 
sucli  as  the  Old-School  Baptists,  Winehrennarians 
or  Church  of  fJod.  Seventh-Day  Baptists,  Six-Prin 
ciple  Baptists,  Tunkers,  Disciples,  Adventists.  and 
Free-Will  Baptists.  These  communities  have  0951 
churches  and  ()lf»,.")41  members. 

The  origin  and  growth  of  the  denomination  in 
each  of  the  United  States  will  be  found  in  sketches 
under  the  names  of  the  States  in  this  work. 

The  Baptists  have  a  firm  confidence  in  the  truth, 
and  in  the  ultimate  triumph  of  their  principles: 
and  while  they  will  not  sacrifice  a  jot  of  inspired 
teaching  to  gain  the  good  will  of  the  whole  Chris 
tian  family,  they  love  all  true  believers  of  every 
name,  from  Pascal,  the  Catholic,  to  Joseph  .John 
(jlurney,  the  Friend. 

See  the  following  articles:  THE  BAPTISM  or 
CATKCIII-MEM,  TIIK  AI.I;H;EXSES,  THE  HENUICIAXS. 
THE  PKTHOURI-SZAXS,  THE  WAEDKNSES,  THE  A.NA- 
BAPTISTS. 

Baptists,  Primitive,  or  Old  School.  —  The 
Primitive  Baptists  are  often  called  "Old  School,'' 
or  ''Anti-Mission,"  or  "Anti-Effort,"  and,  in  deri 
sion,  "hardshell"  Baptists.  They  usually,  if  not 
invariably,  adopt  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of 
Faith,  founded  upon  that  approved  by  over  a  hun 
dred  leading  men  in  London,  in  10S9.  They  do  not 
materially  differ  from  the  Regular  Baptists  as  to 
Scripture  doctrine,  agreeing  with  them  as  to  the 
necessity  of  regeneration,  the  mode  and  subjects 
of  baptism,  baptism  preceding  the  Supper,  and  con 
gregational  church  government.  Some  style  them 
selves  "  Predestinarians,"  and  are  charged  with 
pushing  the  "doctrines  of  grace,"  called  "  Calvin- 
istic,"  into  "hyper-Calvinism,"  or  fatnlism,  deny 
ing  any  responsibility  in  man  for  his  own  conduct 
or  condition.  Baptists  generally  dwell  upon  the 
lessons  given  by  John,  the  Forerunner,  the  adorable 


Redeemer,  and  his  apostles  and  disciples,  as  to  the 
necessity  of  seeking  repentance  and  forgiveness  ; 
for  how  can  immortal  beings  believe  in  Him  of 
whom  they  have  not  heard  ?  and  how  can  they  hear 
without  a  preacher?  and  how  can  preachers  go 
forth  unless  others  aid  them?  They  urge  "that  it 
pleased  God  by  the  foolishness  of  preaching  to  save 
them  who  believe."  But  many  of  the  Old-School 
brethren,  while  they  comfort  saints,  do  not  feel  it 
a  duty  to  warn  sinners,  and  few  conversions  occur 
under  their  ministrations.  They  allege  that  God 
carries  on  his  own  work,  "  without  the  least  instru 
mentality  whatever,"  and  that  "all  the  preaching 
from  John  the  Baptist  until  now,  if  made  to  bear  on 
one  unregenerate  sinner,  could  no  more  quicken  his 
poor  dead  soul  than  so  much  chattering  of  a  crane 
or  of  a  swallow."  (  Circular  of  Wane  irk  Axwiatton, 
JXJfO,  copied  hi/  Chemung  soon  afti'i-md-ds.}  And  it 
would  not  but  for  God's  accompanying  Spirit. 

'I'd is  system  is  not  entirely  new.  but  has  prevailed 
at  times  elsewhere.  It  is  claimed  that  if  humbles  the 
pride  of  man  ;  but  it  is  charged,  also,  that  it  pampers 
ease,  lulls  to  sleep,  and  shrivels  benevolence.  The 
decline  of  some  Baptist  churches  in  Great  Britain 
is  attributed  by  many  to  this  contracted  view  of 
man's  duty  and  privilege. 

The  Great  Awakening  under  Edwards,  White- 
field,  and  Wesley,  over  a  century  since,  aroused 
many  in  the  Baptist  and  other  denominations  to 
the  fact  of  each  person's  own  accountability  as  a 
laborer  in  the  Lord's  great  harvest-field,  leaving  to 
him  the  issues,  in  grace  as  in  nature.  William 
Carey's  entrance  upon  his  mission  work  in  India 
was  a  result  of  this  reformation. 

In  America  the  same  divergence  of  views  am  on"- 

O 

Baptists  resulted  in  alienations  and  divisions,  while 
opposing  parties  yet  remained  in  the  same  body. 

At  length,  in  September,  18.'J5.  the  Chemung  As 
sociation  (New  York  and  Pennsylvania),  at  a  meet 
ing  with  Sullivan  church,  Charleston,  Tioga  Co., 
Pa.,  passed  the  following: 

"Whereas,  a  number  of  the  Associations  with 
whom  we  have  held  correspondence  have  departed 
from  the  simplicity  of  the  doctrine  and  practice  of 
the  gospel  of  Christ,  and  have  followed  cunningly 
devised  fables  (the  inventions  of  men),  uniting  them 
selves  with  the  world  in  what  are  falsely  called  be 
nevolent  societies,  founded  upon  a  moneyed  basis, 
with  a  profession  to  spread  the  gospel,  which  is 
another  gospel  differing  from  the  gospel  of  Christ. 
Resolved,  therefore,  that  we  discontinue  our  corre 
spondence  with  the  Philadelphia,  Abington,  Bridge- 
water,  Franklin,  Steuben,  Madison,  and  all  other 
Associations  which  are  supporting  the  popular  in 
stitutions  of  the  day  ;  and  most  affectionately  invite 
all  those  churches,  or  members  of  churches,  among 
them  who  cannot  fellowship  them  to  come  out  from 
among  them  and  leave  them." 


BAKKJIOXK 


In  May  following  (IS.'iG)  the  Baltimore  Associa 
tion  met  at  Black  Rock,  Baltimore  Co.,  Md.,  and 
passed  the  same  in  substance.  It  is  generally  known 
us  "  the  Black  Rock  declaration/' 

The  minority  members  of  these  bodies  at  once 
founded  others  on  the  platform  of  aiding  mission 
ary,  temperance,  Sunday-school,  and  such  other 
organizations  as  they  deemed  in  harmony  with 
Bible  teachings. 

Similar  divisions  ran  through  other  churches  and 
Associations,  mostly  in  the  South  and  West.  In 
1S44  the  Kui>ti*t  Almanac  attempted  to  distinguish 
between  the  Regular  or  .Mission  Baptists  and  those 
who  opposed  missionary  work  in  formal  organiza 
tions  for  that  purpose.  The  record  of  1S44  reported 
1S4  Old-School  Associations,  16±J  churches,  900 
ordained  ministers,  2874  baptized  in  the  year  pre 
ceding,  and  61,162  members.  The  Year  Buok  h? 
1SSO  returns  900  Old-School  churches,  400  ordained 
ministers,  and  40,000  members,— a  loss  of  one-third 
in  thirty-six  years.  The  Old-School  brethren  have 
declined  in  numbers  almost  every  year  since  they 
made  the  division.  They  have  some  periodicals. 
but  no  seminaries  of  learning  and  no  national  or 
ganizations. 

Many  of  the  Old-School  brethren  in  the  ministry 
possess  decided  ability  as  expounders  of  Scripture, 
the  members  of  their  churches  are  commonly  per 
sons  of  deep  piety,  and  of  extensive  Biblical 
knowledge.  The  creed  which  they  generally  hold 
is  the  Confession  most  venerated  by  all  the  Regular 
Baptists  of  America,  from  whom  they  originally 
withdrew,  and  with  whom  they  decline  to  hold  any 
ecclesiastical  relations. 

Barebone,  Rev.  Praise-God,  had  the  misfor 
tune  to  bear  a  singular  name,  which  subjected  him 
to  considerable  ridicule  in  his  own  age,  when  absurd 
names  were  very  common,  and  to  a  great  deal  more 
in  every  generation  since.  In  1640  he  became  pas 
tor  of  a  Baptist  church  in  London  which  separated 
from  the  community  over  which  the  Rev.  Henry 
Jessey  presided.  Like  many  ministers  ot  that  day. 
he  was  compelled  to  support  himself  either  wholly 
or  partly  by  a  worldly  calling.  Mr.  Barebone  sold 
leather,  lie  was  a  man  of  intellect,  widely  known 
and  esteemed  by  the  friends  of  liberty  throughout 
England. 

When  Oliver  Cromwell  summoned  men  to  form 
a  Parliament  he  called  upon  .Mr.  Barebone  to  take 
a  seat  in  the  legislature.  This  fact  showed  that 
he  was  a  well-known  patriot,  whose  zeal  against 
despotism  in  the  state  and  tyrannical  ritualism  in 
the  church  had  reached  the  great  Protector  him 
self.  In  the  Parliament  his  ability  was  speedily 
recognized,  and  he  exerted  such  a  controlling  in 
fluence  over  its  decisions  that  it  was  called  "  Bare- 
bone's  Parliament.-'  When  General  Monk  was  in 
London,  in  1660,  preparing  the  way  for  Charles 


7S  HARKKOXK 

II.,  Mr.  Barebone,  at  the  head  of  a  "crowd  of  sec 
taries'"    (a    multitude    of    Congregationalists    and 
'Baptists),  says  Clarendon,  presented  a  petition  to 
Parliament  demanding,  among  other  things,  "  that 
no   person  whatsoever   might   be  admitted   to    the 
exercise  of  any  ollice  in  the  state,  or  in  the  church, 
no,  not  so  much  as  to  teach  a  school,  who  did  not 
first  take  the  oath  of  abjuration  of  the  king,  and 
of  all  his  family  ;  and  that  lie  would  never  submit 
to  the  government  of  any  one  single  person  what 
soever ;    and    that   whosoever    should    presume   so 
much  as  to  propose,  or  mention  the  restoration  ot 
the  king  in  Parliament,  or  any  other  place,  should 
be   adjudged    guilty   of.  and    condemned    for   high 
treason.''      The   man   to   head    the   petitioners  was 
this  Baptist  minister,      lie  was  not  afraid  to  defy 
Monk,  the  betrayer  of  his  country's  liberties,  and 
his  whole   army,  ready  as   it  was  and    at   hand  to 
execute  their  general's  wishes.     And  this  petition 
shows  that  Mr.  Barebone  was  a  republican  of  our 
Thomas    Jefferson's    order.       Clarendon,    speaking 
of  a   part   of  Cromwell's    Parliament   of    165:5,    of 
which    Mr.    Barebone  was   a   member,    says,    "In 
which   number,  that  there   may  be   a  better  judg 
ment    made  of   the   rest,  it  will    not   be   amiss   to 
name  one.  from  whom   that   Parliament  itself  was 
afterwards  denominated.   Praise-Cod    Barebone,  a 
leather-seller  in  Fleet  Street,  from  whom,  he  being 
an  eminent  speaker   in  it,  it  was   afterwards   called 
Praise-God   Barebone's  Parliament.''*      Xeal   says 
of  the  members  of  the  same  Parliament,  "  It  was 
much  wondered  at,  says  Whitlocke.  that  these  gen 
tlemen,    many   of  whom   were    persons   of  fortune 
and  estate,  should  accept  the  supreme  authority  of 
the   nation   upon   such  a  summons  and  from  such 
hands  (Cromwell's).     Most  of  them  were  men  of 
pietv,  but  no  great  politicians,  and  were  therefore 
in  contempt  sometimes  called  the  Little  Parliament, 
and    by    others    Barebone's     Parliament,    from   a 
leather-seller   of  that   name,  who   was   one   of  the 
moxt  actice  members.''!     Rapin    says.   "  Amongst 
these  members  was  one  Barebone,  a  leather-seller, 
who.    in    his   neighborhood,    passed    for   a    notable 
speaker  because   he   used   to  entertain  them   with 
long  harangues  upon   the   times.     From  this  man 
the"people  in  derision  called  them  Barebone's  Par 
liament.  "%    A  foot-note  in  Rapin  says,  "His  name 
was  Praise-God  Barebone.  from  whom,  lie  belli;/  a 
great  speaker  in    it,  the    Parliament  was  called   as 
above."      These  witnesses  all  show  that  our  worthy 
brother  was  really  the  master-spirit  of  the  legisla 
ture   that  bore  his  name.     And  whatever  it  may 
have  lacked  in  the  technicalities  of  legislation,  it 
wanted  nothing  of  the  spirit  of  freedom.    It  passed 


*  Clarendon's  "  History  of  the  Rebellion,"  iii.  482,  714.     Oxford, 

1700. 

f  Xeal's  "History  of  the  Puritans,"  iv.  55,  07.     Dublin,  1 ,00. 
I  Raniif  s  "  History  of  England,"  ii.  590.     London,  17:53. 


BA  KKER 


79 


BARLOW 


a  law,  according  to  Neal,  to  repeal  enactments  that 
hindered  the  progress  of  the  gospel,  and  to  give 
liberty  to  all  that  feared  God  to  worship  him 
without  molestation.  Mr.  Barebone  undoubtedly 
gave  effective  assistance  in  the  passage  of  this  law. 

Mr.  Barebone  was  unquestionably  a  godly  and 
a  great  man  ;  and  he  wielded  such  a  powerful  in 
fluence  that  when  he  presented  the  petition  to  the 
Parliament,  to  which  reference  has  been  made, 
Walter  Wilson*  states  that  '•  Monk,  who  knew  the 
popularity  of  Barehone,  was  obliged  to  make  a 
general  muster  of  the  army,  and  write  a  letter  to 
the  Parliament,  expostulating  with  them  for  giving 
too  much  countenance  to  that  furious  zealot  and  his 
adherents/' 

The  names  of  Mr.  Barebone  had  a  tendency  to 
make  him  ridiculous.  Hut  he  triumphed  over  these 
and  other  disadvantages. 

Barker,  Rev.  Cyrus,  was  born  at  Portsmouth. 
R.  I.,  March  27.  1S07.  He  pursued  his  studies  at 
the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 
and  was  ordained  in  Xewport,  II.  I.,  September. 
1839,  having  previously  received  an  appointment 
as  a  missionary  to  the  foreign  field.  He  sailed 
from  Hoston,  Oct.  22.  IS.'J'J.  After  his  arrival  in 
Calcutta  he  went  to  Jaipur,  one  of  the  principal 
posts  of  the  East  India  Company  in  Assam,  re 
maining  then;  a  little  over  a  year.  and.  Mav  IS. 
1S41,  going  to  Sibsager,  another  flourishing  post 
of  the  Kast  India  Company,  three  days'  journey 
below  .Jaipur,  lie  labored  for  several  years  in 
this  city.  He  was  subsequently  stationed  at  Gow- 
ahati.  While  here  his  health  failed,  and  he  left 
the  foreign  field  hoping  to  gain  new  strength  for 
his  work.  He  died  at  sea.  and  was  buried  in  the 
Mozambique  Channel.  Jan.  ol,  ]Sf>0. 

Barker,  Prof.  Isaac  Bowen,  was  born  in  Han 
son,  Mass..  Xov.  25.  1S3<).  He  was  lifted  for  college 
at  the.  Middleborough  Academy,  then  under  the 
charge  of  Prof.  J.  W.  P.  Jenks.  now  of  Hrown 
University,  where  his  pupil  graduated  with  the 
highest  honors  of  his  class  in  1S01.  Shortlv  after 
his  graduation  he  received  the  appointment  of 
Assistant  Professor  of  Ethics  and  English  Literature 
at  the  I!.  S.  Xaval  Academy,  then  at  Xewport.  but 
since  removed  to  Annapolis.  Md.  Prof.  Barker 
resigned  his  office  on  the  transfer  of  the  institution 
to  Maryland,  and  went  abroad  for  two  years. 
When  he  came  back,  for  one  year  he  filled  the" chair 
of  Rhetoric  and  English  Literature  in  Hrown  Uni 
versity,  which  had  been  made  vacant  by  the  death 
of  the  lamented  Prof.  Dunn.  On  completing  his 
term  of  service  he  was  called  to  the  University  of 
East  Tennessee,  at  Knoxville.  Here,  for  five  years. 
he  performed  the  duties  of  his  office.  In  Septem 


*  Wilson's  "History  and  Antiquities  of  Dissenting  Churches," 
i.  47,  49.     London,  IMJ*. 


ber,  1874,  he  was  appointed  instructor  in  the  Ger 
man  language  in  Harvard  College.  For  six  months 
only  was  he  aide  to  attend  to  his  duties.  An  attack 
of  pneumonia  so  prostrated  him  that  in  a  few 
days  he  was  forced  to  yield  to  the  disease,  and  died 
March  22.  1875.  in  the  prime  of  his  life  and  use 
fulness.  Prof.  Barker  was  a  consistent  member 
of  a  Baptist  church,  a  ripe  scholar,  whose  untimely 
death  brought  sorrow  to  many  hearts. 

Barlow,  Rev.  F.  N.,  late  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Stockton.  Cal.,  was  born  at  Kent,  Conn. 


KKV.    F.   X.    BARLOW. 

His  mother  died  when  he  was  four  years  old.  At 
sixteen  he  began  the  world  for  himself. — worked 
hard,  and  studied  until  he  was  able  to  teach.  He 
began  the  study  of  law  in  Western  Xew  York,  but 
was  turned  from  that  profession  to  educational  and 
pastoral  work,  in  which  his  wife,  Miss  Harriet  T. 
llealey.  of  Connecticut,  has  been  a  true  helper.  In 
1S4'.I  he  began  preaching  in  Fairfield  Co.,  Conn.  ; 
was  ordained  in  1850  ;  organized  a  church  in  Dan- 
bury  in  1851,  and  was  its  pastor  four  years.  His 
other  pastorates  were  at  Franklindale,  Cold  Spring, 
and  Cornwall,  Saratoga  Co.,  and  Middletown,  N.  Y. ; 
Alpina.  Mich.,  where  he  organized  a  church,  and 
built  a  meeting-house  ;  Monroe,  Mich.  ;  and  Chat 
ham,  Canada.  In  1S77  he  went  to  California;  was 
pastor  eight  months  at  Santa  Clara,  and  at  Stockton 
from  Jan.  1,  1878.  till  prostrated  by  illness,  beloved 
by  all,  he  was  compelled  to  resign,  intending  to 
return  to  his  Eastern  home.  In  all  his  pastorates 
he  has  been  blessed  with  gracious  revivals.  He  is 
a  finished  scholar,  a  spirited  and  eloquent  preacher, 


R  All  LOW 


80 


RAKXKTT 


and  a  model  pastor.  In  1SI>2  ho  joined  the  Union 
jinny  us  lieutenant  of  the  115th  Regiment,  N.  V. 
Vols.  ;  was  taken  prisoner,  released,  and  returned 
to  the  service,  till  broken  health  compelled  him  to 
resign.  His  church  received  him  joyfully  as  its 
pastor.  A  sickness  in  early  youth  impaired  his 
constitution,  so  that  twice  during  his  ministry  he 
had  to  <rive  up  preaching  lor  a  time.  Ho  is  one  oi 
the  few  men  in  the  Baptist  ministry  of  the  Pacific 
coast  whose  counsel  and  business  character  give 
him  a  place  of  pre-eminence  among  his  brethren. 

Barlow,  Rev.  Joseph  Lorenzo,  was  born  at 

Keiu,  Litchfield  Co.,  Conn.,  Oct.  27,  ISIS  ;  ordained 
in  1853  at  Seymour.  Conn.,  where  he  was  settled 
as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  one  year.  Ho  sub 
sequently  held  pastorates  at  Sandisfield,  Mass.; 
(iroon field  Center,  Stillwater,  Broadalbin.  and  Lan- 
sin^burn-,  X.  Y.  ;  llidgotown.  Conn.-,  Dundee  and 
Bloomingdale,  111.  ;  and  he  is  now  the  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Mcnomonee,  Wis.  Mr.  Barlow  baptized 
about  400  converts  in  connection  with  these  pasto 
rates.  His  labors  have  boon  extensively  sought 
by  pastors  in  seasons  of  special  religious  interest. 
During  the  war  he  was  the  chaplain  of  the  ]25th 
llegiment  of  N.  Y.  A'ols.  lie  was  captured  by  the 
Confederates  at  Harper's  Ferry,  in  1862,  when  two 
weeks  out,  and  resigned  his  commission  the  follow 
ing  February,  owing  to  broken  health,  lie  is  still, 
at  the  age  of  sixty-two  years,  in  active  service  and 
doing  an  excellent  work  for  the  church  to  which  he 
ministers. 

Barnaby,  Rev.  James,  was  born  at  Freetown. 
Mass.,  June  25,  1787.  He  was  a  student  at  Bristol 
Academy,  Tjiunton,  Mass.,  during  his  preparatory 
course,  and  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  the 
class  of  1S09.  He  intended  to  study  law,  but  the 
Master  whom  he  served  for  so  many  years  had 
other  work  for  him  to  do.  While  a  member  of 
college  he  had  made  a  public  profession  of  his  faith 
in  Christ,  and  was  received  into  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Providence.  He  soon  after  decided  to 
enter  the  Christian  ministry,  and  was  ordained  in 
July,  1811,  and  at  once  accepted  a  call  to  the  pas 
torate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Harwick,  Mass. 
lie  continued  in  this  relation  for  eight  years,  when 
he  took  charge  of  the  church  in  New  Bedford, 
Mass.  For  four  years  he  was  the  pastor  of  this 
church,  and  in  1823  removed  to  Amesbury,  Mass. 
Having  completed  his  term  of  service  here,  he  was 
pastor  of  several  churches  until  1849,  when  he  ac 
cepted  an  appointment  from  the  Baptist  Sunday - 
School  Union,  for  which  society  he  labored  three 
years.  He  became  pastor  again  of  the  first  church 
he  had  served,  that  of  Harwick,  in  1852,  and  re 
mained  seven  years.  Having  a  third  time  resigned, 
lie  had  the  charge  of  two  or  three  churches  for  that 
period  of  time,  and  in  1862  came  back  once  more 
to  his  old  church  in  Ilarwick,  and  there  he  re 


mained  the  rest  of  his  life, — fifteen  years.  For 
sixty-seven  years  he  was  a  minister  of  the  gospel, 
thirtv-nine  of  which  were  spent  with  the  Ilarwick 
elum-h.  Twenty-eight  hundred  persons  received 
the  ordinance  of  baptism  at  his  hands.  lie  was  a 
man  of  remarkable  physical  endurance.  It  was  a 
remark  of  his  which  we  know  not  by  whom  it 
could  truthfully  be  uttered  except  by  himself,  that 
(1  he  did  not  fail  to  preach  the  gospel  on  a  Sunday 
for  more  than  forty  years.''  He  died  at  Ilarwick, 
Dei-.  10,  J877,  aged  ninety  years  and  nearly  six 
months. 

Barnes,  Rev.  Daniel  H.,  was  born  in  Canaan, 
Columbia  Co.,  X.  Y.,  April  25.  1785.  lie  gradu 
ated  from  Union  College  in  ISO1.),  lie  studied  lie- 
brew  under  one  of  the  most  eminent  teachers  of 
that  sacred  tongue.  In  1S11  he  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  of  Poughkeopsie.  and  in  1SJ3  he 
received  a  license  to  preach.  In  ISl'J  he  accepted 
the  '•  Professorship  of  Languages"  in  a  theological 
seminary  in  New  York,  which  was  subsequently 
transferred  to  Hamilton.  After  this  change  he 
opened  an  English  and  classical  school  in  Jscw 
York,  and  in  1827  he  was  elected  president  of 
Columbian  College.  AVashington,  D.  C.,  but  he  de 
clined  the  appointment.  Mr.  Barnes  preached  fre 
quently  and  acceptably  :  but  he  was  a  teacher,  and 
an  instructor  of  noble  pupils;  among  them  were 
Francis  AVayland,  William  II.  Williams,  Bishop 
Potter,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  other  great  men.  lie 
rendered  service  in  the  preparation  of  Webster's 
Dictionary,  and  his  contributions  to  Silliman's 
Jouriuil  showed  that  he  was  a  learned  student  of 
ireoloiricjil  science.  He  died  October  27.  1828. 

Barnes,  Rev.  James  Edward,  was  born  near 
Carrsville.  Ky..  June  It),  1828.  Was  converted  and 
baptized  in  1847.  In  1851  he  was  elected  to  a  public 
office,  and  while  in  the  line  of  political  promotion,  in 
1SGO,  he  removed  to  California.  His  zeal  and  rejidy 
'  address  led  many  to  urge  him  to  enter  the  ministry. 
•  On  arriving  at  the  gold  mines  he  established  an 
1  altar  of  prayer,  and  his  cabin  was  often  filled  with 
attentive  listeners.  Here  he  heard  the  call,  "  Go 
work  in  my  vineyard,"  and  obeyed,  preaching  first 
at  Gold  Hill,  in  1865,  on  Sundays,  and  digging  for 
gold  during  the  week.  In  two  years  he  had  gath 
ered  large  congregations,  where  churches  were  sub 
sequently  organized.  He  was  ordained  by  the 
!  Uniontown  church,  Feb.  8.  1867.  In  1872  he  spent 
a  year  at  Greenville,  S.  C.,  in  studying  theology. 
His  native  eloquence  and  zeal  have  enabled  him  to 
win  many  souls  for  Christ.  He  has  been  pjistor  of 
11  churches,  has  baptized  about  700  converts,  and 
is  now  engaged  in  evangelistic  labors  with  different 
churches  in  Ciilifornia. 

Barnett,  Rev.  Joseph,  a  zealous  and  efficient 
pioneer  both  in  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  was  prob 
ably  a  native  of  Virginia.  He  was  active  in  form- 


BARXETT 


81 


BARE ASS 


ing  the  churches  of  which  the  Ketoiton  Associa 
tion,  Va.,  was  composed.  He  was  among  the  early 
settlers  of  the  Western  wilderness,  and  in  connec 
tion  with  John  Whitaker  and  John  Gerrard  founded 
the  first  two  churches  in  Kentucky, — Severns  Val 
ley,  constituted  June  18,  1781,  and  Cedar  Creek, 
constituted  July  4,  1781.  Of  the  latter  Mr.  Bar- 
nett  was  the  first  pastor.  He  was  also  the  first 
moderator  of  Salem  Association,  constituted  of 
four  churches,  at  Cox's  Creek,  Nelson  Co.,  Ky., 
Oct.  29,  1785. 

Barnett,  Rev.  William  Paddox,  was  born  in 
Jefferson  Co.,  Ky..  in  1803.  In  early  life  he  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Cumbei-land  Presbyterian 
church,  but  afterwards  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Fisherville,  Ky.,  and  was  ordained  to  the 
ministry,  lie  was  pastor  of  several  churches  at 
different  periods,  but  his  principal  pastorate  was 
that  of  King's  church,  in  Bullitt  Co.,  Ky.,  to  which 
he  ministered  witli  great  success  for  a  period  of 
forty-three  years.  In  1850  he  was  elected  moderator 
of  Long  Run  Association,  and  on  two  occasions 
preached  the  introductory  sermon  before  that  body. 
Died  Sept.  18,  1876. 

Barney,  Eliam  E.,  educator  and  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  Adams,  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  14, 
1807.  Both  parents  were  earnest  Christians.  Their 
son  wras  converted  and  baptized  at  Henderson, 
N.  Y.,  at  the  age  of  eleven.  Having  received  his 
academic  education  at  Lowville  and  Union  Acad 
emies,  he  entered  Union  College,  N.  Y.,  and  grad 
uated  in  1831.  For  two  years  after  his  graduation 
he  was  principal  of  Lowville  Academy.  In  1833 
he  removed  to  Ohio,  and  taught  for  six  months  in 
Granville  College.  In  the  spring  of  1834  he  be 
came  principal  of  the  Dayton  Academy,  Dayton, 
0..  and  continued  teaching  for  several  years.  His 
health  failing,  he  engaged  in  business.  In  1845  he 
was  called  to  take  charge  of  the  Cooper  Female 
Academy  of  Dayton,  in  which  position  he  remained 
with  great  success  until  1851.  In  the  summer  of 
1850,  with  a  partner,  he  established  the  Dayton 
Car-Works.  After  various  changes  in  the  firm,  a 
joint-stock  company  was  formed  in  1867,  under 
the  name  of  the  Barney  &  Smith  Manufacturing 
Company,  with  a  capital  stock  of  $750,000,  Mr. 
Barney  being  elected  president.  This  establish 
ment  is  now  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  this  country. 
The  buildings  occupy  eighteen  acres,  and  about 
one  thousand  men  are  employed  in  them.  The 
great  success  of  the  enterprise  is  largely  due  to 
Mr.  Barney. 

Mr.  Barney  has  never  been  an  aspirant  for  pub 
lic  office.  He  is  president  of  the  Dayton  Hydraulic 
Company,  and  of  the  Second  National  Bank. 

As  a  Christian,  Mr.  Barney  has  always  taken  a 
firm  and  prominent  stand.  He  was  instrumental 
in  rescuing  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Dayton 


from  extinction  when,  in  1835,  the  majority  of  its 
members  followed  the  pastor  into  the  Disciple  or 
Campbellite  body,  and  the  courts  gave  the  seceders 
the  church  property.  For  several  years  he  was  the 


ELIAM    E.   BARNEY. 


superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school,  and  has  been 
a  deacon  since  1843.  He  has  also  been  largely  in 
terested  in  the  various  educational  and  missionary 
enterprises  of  the  denomination.  For  many  years 
he  has  been  a  trustee  of  Denison  University,  and 
has  given  to  that  institution  more  than  $35,000. 

Barnhurst,  Rev.  Washington,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Dec.  30,  1830.  He  was  converted  at 
the  Broad  Street  church,  and  baptized  by  J.  Lansing 
Burrows,  D.D..  March  8,  1846.  He  entered  the 
junior  class  of  Lewisburg  University,  and  gradu 
ated  in  1851.  He  pursued  his  theological  studies 
at  the  Rochester  Seminary.  He  was  an  excellent 
exegetical  scholar.  He  was  ordained  at  Chestnut 
Hill,  Pa.,  Sept.  8,  1853.  He  was  greatly  blessed 
with  revivals  in  1853-54.  He  w^as  called  to  Bur 
lington,  N.  J.,  and  there  he  baptized  many.  In 
1856  he  took  charge  of  the  Third  Baptist  church 
of  St.  Louis.  In  1858  he  had  a  glorious  revival. 
His  health  failed  from  overwork  for  years,  and  in 
1860  he  removed  to  a  farm  in  Miller  Co.,  Mo.  On 
April  29,  1862,  he  called  his  wife  and  sister,  and 
told  them  he  was  dying,  spoke  of  Jesus,  and, 
waving  his  hand,  said,  "Higher,  higher!"  and 
passed  into  glory.  His  was  a  brief,  earnest,  and 
blessed  ministry.  He  was  a  blameless  Christian 
man. 

Barrass,  Edward,   was   bom    at   Nailstone, 


BARliASS 


BAKUKTT 


County  of  Leicester,  England,  Oct.  7,  I7(.*0;  emi 
grated  to  this  country  in  ISiiO;  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  Flemington  Baptist  church.  March 
,'51.  IN:!:!;  died  at  Montana.  Warren  Co..  Sept.  l»i. 
ISli'.l,  after  a  brief  illness.  He  served  the  churches 
of  Delaware,  Oxford,  and  .Mansfield,  in  Warren 
Co..  X.  •)..  and  afterwards  two  churches  in  Penn 
sylvania,  with  which  he  labored  until  he  was  called 
from  his  earthly  toils.  In  all  these  churches  his 
work  and  worth  are  held  in  grateful  remembrance. 

BarraSS,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Leicester 
shire.  Kngland.  -July  22,  179:!.  lie  was  baptized 
and  united  with  the  Baptist  Church  in  his  native 
land  in  the  year  lNl~:  came  to  this  country  in 
1S2S.  and  united  with  the  .Baptist  church  in  Rem 
ington  ;  was  licensed  to  preach  by  that  church  -Jan. 
10.  isild.  and  ordained  at  Fleming-ton,  April  14, 
\^'.',\.  lie  itinerated  in  the  upper  part  of  Hunter- 
don,  and  through  a  considerable  part  of  Warren 
County,  as  a  missionary  ;  was  instrumental  in 
gathering  a  constituency  for  the  f  .Mowing  churches  : 
Oxford.  Delaware.  Bethlehem,  and  Mansfield.  He 
served  as  pastor  at  Oxford,  Bethlehem,  and  King- 
wood,  all  of  which  churches  were  strengthened  and 
enlarged,  and  bear  uniform  testimony  to  his  earn 
est,  faithful,  and  devoted  labors.  He  died  Sept. 
27.  iSii'.l.  eleven  days  after  his  In-other  Edward. 

Barratt,  Rev.  J,,  of  Xorth  Topeka.  Kaunas,  is  a 
faithful  and  successful  minister,  and  a  successful 


REV.   .1.    liAKKATT, 


than  a  score  -of  mechanics  and  farmers,  it  has  in 
creased  till  it  numbers  over  2no.  The  church 
edifice  has  cost  them  about  Si  2.  000.  and  they  have 
paid  for  it  themselves  as  they  proceeded.  The 
house  arose  as  the  church  and  congregation  and  Sab 
bath-school  grew.  They  have  ('»  missions  within 
a  radius  of  some  fifteen  miles,  which  are  all  likely 
to  become  self-sustaining  and  ellicient  churches. 
The  whole  community  is  permeated  with  Baptist 
sentiment.  A  church  so  occupied  with  Christian 
work  is  of  course  eminently  peaceful,  as  well  as 
aggressive.  lie  did  not  seek  an  inviting  field,  but 
iiiti<le  one.  Being  an  excellent  organi/.er.  his  ser 
vices  have  been  sought  repeatedly  for  a  wider  sphere. 
But  his  people  will  not  let  him  go. 

Barre,  W.  L.,  author  and  editor,  was  born  in 
Warren  Co.,  Ky.,  July  IS,  IS.'jo.  He  was  educated 
at  Franklin  College,  Tennessee.  In  early  life  he 
became  a  Baptist,  and  was  licensed  as  a  preacher. 
although  he  seldom  occupied  the  pulpit,  preferring 
literary  work  to  pastoral  labors.  He  has  been  con 
nected,  as  principal  or  associate  editor,  with  the 
Louisville  Joiu'inil,  Louisville  Courier.  Cincinnati 
Times,  <  'iit'-i  a  mil  i  (in-.!  Hi-,  Xaxltrille  l'ni"ii  nn<l 
J)isi>ut<-li,  the  Men,  />/!/*•  Dull;/  Disftiili-li,  and  the 
N/.  Joscfili  (Mo.)  Duili/  Commercial.  In  Is.")  7  he 
removed  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  remained  nearly 
three  years,  and  during  this  period  wrote  and  pub 
lished  "  Lives  of  Illustrious  Men  of  America.  ':  a 
book  of  1  000  octavo  paircs,  which  passed  tlirouuh 
11  editions.  He  wrote  (in  lS.")f'>)  the  "Life  and 
Public  Services  of  Millard  Fillmore."  and  edited 
the  "Speeches  and  Writings  of  lion.  Thomas  I'1. 


bank  director  and  merchant.  The  church  of  North 
Topeka  which  he  gathered,  and  of  which  he  is  pas 
tor,  is  a  model  church.  Composed  at  first  of  less 


Marshall."  which  passed  through  ten  editions. 
During  the  civil  war  he  was  army  correspondent 
of  the  .AVjt;  York  Times  and  other  leading  journals. 
After  the  war  he  was  engaged  on  various  news 
papers  in  several  different  States  until  1S7:!.  when 
lie  became  editor  of  the  Green  lUrcr  I'/t/i/di/raj/li. 

Barrell,  Rev.  Noah,  was  born  in  Hartford, 
Washington  Co.,  X.  V.,  May  f>.  17U4:  died  at 
Geneva,  Wis..  April  It),  1S7">,  aged  eighty-one 
years.  During  an  active  ministry  of  fifty-three 
years  he  served  as  pastor  15  churches  in  Xew 
York,  Ohio.  Wisconsin,  and  bapti/ed  about  1200 
converts.  lie  was  a  man  of  good  natural  endow 
ments.  of  most  winning  and  gentle  spirit.  lie 
excelled  in  his  work  as  pastor.  His  end  was 
great  peace. 

Barrett,  Hon.  James  M,,  a  native  of  Mason. 

X.  II.  He  spent  his  early  years  in  Livingston  Co.. 
X.  Y.,  and  was  educated  at  Nunda  Academy, 
X.  Y.  He  came  to  Wisconsin  twenty-four  years  ago, 
and  settled  at  Trempeleau.  Trempeleau  Co..  where 
he  now  resides.  He  has  filled  many  positions  of 
public  trust.  Among  them  he  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Legislature,  president  of  the  County  Agri 
cultural  Society,  president  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 


ttARRKTT 


83 


HARROW* 


tion  for  twenty-three  years.  lie  is  an  active 
member  of  the  Baptist  church,  and  has  been  super 
intendent  of  its  Sunday-school  over  twenty  years. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Board  of  State  Missions,  in 
whose  work  he  takes  a  deep  interest. 

Barrett,  Rev.  T.  W.,  was  born  in  18.')"),  in  Wood 
Co..  West  Va.  United  with  the  Baptist  church  at 
Marietta,  0.,  in  185(>;  moved  to  Missouri  the  same 
year;  was  educated  at  William  Jewell  College; 
ordained  Oct.  28,  1SC>(),  and  entered  immediately 
upon  his  work  as  missionary  of  Xorth  Liberty  As 
sociation  ;  in  ISl'il  became  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Weston  ;  in  1802  was  called  to  the  care  of  the 
Tabernacle  Baptist  church  at  Leavenworth,  Kansas  ; 
in  1864  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
St.  Joseph,  Mo.  :  failing  health  compelled  him  to 
resign  after  a  fifteen  months'  pastorate,  and  for  a 
year  he  had  no  charge;  in  iStiii  lie  was  financial 
agent  of  the  Sunday-school  Board  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention  for  Xorth  Missouri;  was  general 
missionary  and  agent  for  the  (jeneral  Association  for 
a  part  of  1SG6  and  iSfiT;  was  recalled  to  Weston 
in  1S(')7.  where  through  his  efforts  a  beautiful  and 
substantial  church  edifice  was  erected  and  dedi 
cated  free  of  debt:  in  IMJU  was  called  to  Hannibal, 
where  an  elegant  house  of  worship  was  built  and 
paid  for  during  his  pastorate,  and  large  accessions 
made  to  the  church  ;  in  IsT-'l  he  took  charge  of  the 
church  at  Jefferson  City,  where  he  still  labors;  he 
lias  removed  a  heavv  debt  from  the  church,  and  he 
is  building  up  a  strong  and  vigorous  hod v  of  be 
lievers:  in  1S72  he  received  the  degree  of  A.M. 
from  William  Jewell  College,  and  for  a  number  of 
years  has  been  an  active  member  of  the  Executive 
Board  of  the  General  Association,  and  also  of  the 
State  Sunday-school  (.'(invention.  He  is  a  laborious 
and  successful  worker  in  the  Master's  vineyard. 

Barrett,  Rev.  W.  C.,  was  born  in  Wood  Co.,  W. 
Va.,  July  8,  1810;  united  with  Mount  /ion  Baptist 
church  1835;  ordained  Aug.  10.  1845;  called  to 
Mount  /ion,  Mount  Vernon,  and  Stillwell  churches  ; 
was  missionary  of  the  General  Association  of  Vir 
ginia  seven  vears  ;  organized  and  built  up  manv 
churches  in  the  counties  of  Wood,  Wirt.  Jackson, 
anl  Pleasant:  was  moderator  of  the  Parkersburg 
A>snciation  in  1*54  and  185.");  moved  to  Missouri 
in  I8.)l'»:  settled  in  Clay  Countv  :  appointed  airenf 
and  missionary  of  the  General  Association  in  the 
same  year;  organi/.ed  and  built  up  most  of  the 
churches  in  Clinton  County  ;  built  houses  of  wor 
ship  at  Crooked  River,  Ilaynesville.  Plattsburg, 
and  Lawson  ;  was  eleven  years  pastor  at  Crooked 
River,  seven  at  Plattsburg,  two  at  Richmond, 
Ray  Co..  two  at  Liberty,  (Mav  Co.,  three  at  Cam 
eron  and  Missouri  City,  besides  several  country 
churches:  was  seven  years  moderator  of  Xorth 
Liberty  Association.  Has  been  one  of  the  most 
laborious  and  successful  of  all  the  old  ministers 


who   have   laid    the   foundations   upon   which    the 
younger  generation  are  now  building. 

Barren,  Rev.  James,  an  aged  and  decrepit,  but 
zealous  and  useful  minister  of  Bowdon.  Ga..  was 
born  in  Washington  County,  Dec.  25,  1801.  He 
connected  himself  with  the  church  at  Antioch, 
Upson  Co.,  April  o.  181'T,  and  soon  began  to 
preach.  He  settled  in  Carroll  County  in  1842, 
and  was  ordained  at  Carrollton  church  in  1850. 
For  the  next  twelve  years  of  his  life  he  labored  as 
a  missionary  of  the  Domestic  Board  of  the  South 
ern  Baptist  Convention,  in  Western  Georgia  and 
Eastern  Alabama,  and  then,  for  the  five  succeeding 
years,  lie  was  an  associational  missionary.  Since 
that  time  rheumatism  has  laid  its  hands  heavily 

j  upon  him.  disabling  him  from  all  active  work,  and 
he  has  simply  preached  wherever  an  opportunity 
has  been  afforded.  His  controlling  desire  is  to  win 
souls  to  Jesus,  and  to  accomplish  this  he  is  instant 
in  season  and  out  of  season.  His  has  been  a  life 
of  faithful  service  in  the  face  of  many  disadvan 
tages  and  discouragements. 

BarrOW,  Rev.  David,  was  an  eminent  pioneer 
preacher  among  the  Baptists  of  Virginia  and  Ken- 
tuekv.  and  a  man  of  great  ability,  both  as  a  preacher 
and  a  writer.  He  was  born  in  Brunswick  Co., 
Va..  Oct.  Dd.  175o:  was  baptized  in  his  seventeenth 
year,  and  in  his  eighteenth  began  to  preach  the 
gospel.  In  1774  he  was  ordained,  and  became 
pastor  of  Mill  Swamp,  Black  Creek,  and  South 
Ouav  churches,  in  Virginia.  lie  also  traveled  and 
preached  in  Virginia  and  \orth  Carolina,  in  con 
sequence  of  which  lie  suffered  much  persecution. 
In  177*  he  was  sei/.ed  at  one  of  his  meetings  by  a 
^aiiLi'  of  twentv  men.  dragged  a  half-mile,  and  forci 
bly  dipped  under  water  twice,  with  many  jeers  and 
mockeries.  "A  short  time  afterwards  three  or 
four  of  these  men  died  in  a  distracted  manner,  one 
of  them  willing  he  had  been  in  hell  before  he 
joined  the  mob."  Mr.  Barrow  was  a  soldier  in 
the  war  of  independence.  In  17'.'S  he  removed 

1  to  Montgomery  Co.,  Kv.,  and  took  charge  of  the 
church  at  Mount  Sterling.  Here  he  became  a  x.eal- 

]  ous  advocate  for  the  abolition  of  African  slavery. 
This  led  to  a  division  of  his  church,  a  majority 
adhering  to  their  pastor.  In  |S(>7an  association 
of  emancipators  was  formed  in  Kentucky,  ol  which 
Mr.  Barrow  became  the  principal  leader.  He  pub 
lished  a  book  against  shivery,  which  was  regarded 
as  a  very  able  work.  He  also  published  a  treatise 
in  defense  of  the  Trinitv,  which  was  much  esteemed. 
lie  died  Xov.  14,  ]8l<). 

Barrows,  Rev.  Comfort  Edwin,  son  of  Com 
fort  and  Mela  (Blake)  Barrows,  was  born  in  Attle- 
borough,  Mass.,  Dec.  11,  18:'>1.  and  was  a  graduate 
of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1858,  and  of 
the  Xewton  Theological  Institution  in  the  class 
of  1801.  He  was  ordained  Dec.  25,  1801.  as  pastor 


JLl/tXS 


84 


BAT KM AX 


of  tin-  Baptist  church  in  South  Panvers  (now  IVa- 
body).  Mass..  where  he  remained  tlirco  years  ami 
three  months,  ami  then  accepted  a  call  to  the  pas 
torate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Newport. 
\vith  which  he  began  his  ministerial  labors  March 
I  '2,  lX'>f).  which  position  he  now  (1880)  holds. 
Among  his  published  writings  arc  a  memorial 
sermon  commemorating  the  life  and  services  of 
the  Rev.  Krastus  "NVilhird,  for  twenty-one  years 
missionary  in  France;  an  historical  discourse  upon 
"The  Itevelopmcnt  of  Baptist  Principles  in  Rhode 
Island."  preached  31  ay  1 2.  I  s~5.  the  semi-centennial 
anniversary  of  the  .Rhode  Island  Baptist  State 
Convention.  This  discourse  -was  first  published 
by  the  Conv  'iition,  and  subsequently,  with  slight 
additions,  it  was  issued  by  the  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society  as  one  of  its  series  of  short 
historical  and  denominational  works.  Mr.  Bar 
rows  published  also  a  discourse  delivered  on 
Thanksgiving-day,  Xov.  •')<>.  187''.  on  the  history 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Newport.  R.  I.,  and 
a  discourse  commemorative  of  Benjamin  B.  How- 
land,  for  fifty  years  clerk  of  the  town  and  city  of 
Newport.  He  has  also  contributed  articles  for  re 
views  and  papers.  Mr.  Barrows  is  one  of  the 
ablest  men  in  the  Baptist  denomination.  His  his 
torical  works  should  be  read  by  his  brethren  every 
where.  Hi'  is  a  manly  Baptist  who  courageoiisly 
asserts  the  truth,  and  always  presents  it  in  a  loving 
spirit. 

Barss,  John  W.,  was  born  in  IS  1 2.  at  Liverpool, 
Nova  Scotia;  converted  and  baptized  at  Wolfville, 
•July,  1833;  commenced  business  at  Halifax.  IS;>(>; 
and  returned  to  Wolfville  in  1850.  Mr.  Barss  is 
a  successful  ship-owner  and  a  liberal  supporter  of 
the  denominational  enterprises.  He  contributed 
S2IIOH  to  build  the  North  church,  Halifax,  and 
84000  towards  the  erection  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Wolfville.  He  donated  9  acres  of  land  to  that 
town  for  a  public  cemetery,  and  has  contributed 
SI  1.000  to  Acadia  College. 
Batchelder,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Boston. 

March  25,  1768.  Early  in  life  he  gave  promise  of 
what  he  afterwards  became,  a  man  of  rare  intel 
lectual  ability.  He  lost  both  his  parents  in  the 
thirteenth  year  of  his  age.  His  early  religious 
experience  was  quite  remarkable.  After  he  thought 
he  had  passed  through  "  the  great  change,"  his 
mind  became  tinctured  with  infidel  sentiments. 
But  lie  was  led  by  the  Spirit  of  God  to  see  his 
error,  and  at  length  he  became  u  Christian,  and 
was  baptized  at  Peerfield.  N.  II.,  in  June.  1792. 
Being  impressed  with  his  duty  to  preach  the  gos 
pel,  after  due  preparation  he  was  ordained  as  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Berwick,  Me.,  Nov.  29, 
1796.  His  labors  were  singularly  blessed.  In  a 
revival  which  continued  for  two  years  150  persons 
were  hopefully  converted.  He  baptized  in  the  ad 


joining  town  of  York  70  persons,  also  fruits  of  the 
same  work  of  grace.  Jn  November,  1S05,  he  re 
ceived  an  invitation  to  become  the  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Haverhill,  and  was  pub 
licly  recognized  December  4.  His  ministry,  con 
nected  with  which  there  were  most  abundant  fruits, 
continued  nearly  thirteen  years.  He  died  Anril  8 

•ft,  I 

IS  IS.  in  the  fifty-first  year  of  his  age  and  the 
twenty-seventh  of  his  ministry. 

All  the  traditions  which  have  come  down  to  us 
with  regard  to  the  character  and  the  ministerial  life 
of  Mr.  Batchelder  show  that  he  was  one  of  the  ablest 
men  intellectually,  and  one  of  the  best  preachers 
of  the  times  in  which  he  lived.  lie  took  a  warm 
interest  in  the  cause  of  education  as  ad'ectini::  his 
own  denomination,  and  was  one  of  the  prime  movers 
in  the  enterprise  which  led  to  the  founding  of  the 
Maine  Literary  and  Theological  Seminary,  after 
wards  Waterville  College,  now  Colby  I'niversity. 
Brown  University,  in  1SOU.  conferred  on  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 

Bateman,  Rev.  Calvin  A.,  was  bom  at  f; rove- 
land,  N.  Y.,  April  IS.  |s:;;J>:  js  ,,f  Scotch  descent; 


KEV.    CALVIN    A.    BATEMAN. 

grandson  of  Deacon  Zadoc  Bateman,  a  soldier  of 
distinction  in  the  war  for  American  independence; 
son  of  Kev.  Calvin  Bateman.  an  eminent  Bap 
tist  minister,  who,  while  preaching  in  New  York, 
had  his  skull  fractured  by  a  stone  hurled  by 
a  drunken  man  through  the  church  window,  re 
sulting  in  insanity  until  his  death.  His  mother, 
daughter  of  Ilev.  Benjamin  Barber,  was  a  lovely 
Christian,  and  prominent  in  her  zeal  for  foreign 
missions;  her  eldest  son  was  dedicated  to  the  work 


BA  777X 


85 


BATES 


in  Burmah.  but  died  just  as  ho  was  nearly  ready 
for  liis  mission.  His  death  and  the  father's  in 
sanity  left  the  family  largely  dependent  upon 
young  Calvin,  then  only  ten  years  old.  At  the 
age  of  fifteen  he  was  converted  and  baptized  by 
Rev.  Edgar  Smith  at  Milan.  Soon  after  the  family 
moved  to  Mount  Vernon.  Mich.,  where  young  Bate- 
man  was  urged  by  his  brethren  to  preach.  lie  re 
belled,  feeling  unfit  for  the  work,  until  1859,  when 
he  yielded  to  his  convictions,  begun  to  preach,  was 
licensed  in  1800  by  the  Iowa  .Point  church,  and  in 
1X03  was  ordained  at  Atchison,  Kansas.  His  life  has 
been  given  largely  to  pioneer  mission  work  in  Mis 
souri,  Kansas.  Nebraska.  Dakota,  Colorado,  Chero 
kee  Xation,  Nevada,  and  California.  He  has  aided 
in  organizing  over  0(1  new  churches,  conducted 
hundreds  of  revivals,  baptized  over  11)111)  converts, 
and  witnessed  the  baptism  of  other  hundreds  con 
verted  under  his  labors.  For  three  years  he  was 
U.  S.  superintendent  of  the  Indians  of  Nevada. 
In  1875  he  settled  permanently  in  California  as 
general  State  missionary.  In  this  field  he  has  trav 
eled  25,000  miles,  preached  more  than  K>00  sermons, 
and  bapti/ed  nearly  400  converts.  His  son.  Rev. 
Cephus  Bateman,  entered  the  ministry  in  1878,  and 
is  a  successful  pastor  at  Santa  Cruz,  Cal. 

Bates,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Biigbrook, 
Northamptonshire,  England,  Jan.  20,  1805.  He 
was  baptized  Dec.  25.  1821),  and  became  a  member 
of  the  Eagle  Street  church,  where  Rev.  Joseph 
Irving  labored.  Encouraged  by  his  pastor  and 
brethren,  he  turned  his  thoughts  towards  the  Chris 
tian  ministry,  intending  to  go  out  as  a  missionary 
among  the  colored  people  of  the  West  Indies.  This 
purpose  was  not  put  into  execution.  He  decided 
to  enter  the  service  of  the  Baptist  Irish  Society,  in 
order  to  work  among  the  Roman  Catholics  of  Ire 
land,  and  accepted  an  appointment  from  that  body 
in  January,  18.'!-').  While  in  Ireland  he  labored  at 
Ballina  and  Sligo,  and  in  other  localities,  and 
again  took  up  his  abode  in  Ballina,  where  he  con 
tinued  for  nine  years,  during  which  time  he  bap 
tized  GO  persons,  the  fruits  of  missionary  toil. 
The  next  five  years  were  devoted  to  similar  work 
in  other  places  in  Ireland,  making  the  whole 
period  of  his  service  in  the  employ  of  the  Baptist 
Irish  Society  seventeen  years. 

Mr.  Bates  came  to  America  in  the  spring  of  1850, 
and  established  himself  in  Cascade,  Iowa,  becoming 
the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church.  In  the  State  of 
Iowa  he  came  to  be  recognized  as  a  power,  and  his 
counsels  in  the  Association  and  Convention  were 
carefully  weighed.  He  went  to  Canada  in  1804. 
and  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Dundas.  In 
April,  1807,  he  took  charge  of  the  church  in  Wood 
stock,  and  identified  himself  with  the  interests  of 
the  Canadian  Literary  Institute.  While  living 
here  he  consecrated  two  of  his  daughters,  Mrs.  A. 


V.  Timpany  and  Mrs.  John  McLaurin.  to  the  for 
eign  mission  work. 

The  labors  of  Mr.  Bates  Avere  so  onerous  that  he 
felt  obliged  to  resign  his  pastorate  at  the  end  of 
June.  lS7o.  He  has  received  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  church  during  his  six  years'  ministry  in 
Woodstock  by  baptism  and  letter  21  1  persons.  For 
nearly  a  year  he  remained  without  a  regular  pas 
toral  charge.  He  died  May  8,  1875. 

A  memoir  of  Mr.  Bates,  with  selections  from  his 
sermons,  essays,  and  addresses,  compiled  by  Key. 
Dr.  J.  A.  Smith,  of  Chicago,  a  large  volume  of 
nearly  500  pages,  was  published  in  Toronto  in 
1^77.  Mr.  Bates  was  a  man  of  great  power  and 
of  ardent  piety. 

Bates,  Samuel  P.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Mendon, 
Muss.,  and  educated  at  Brown  I'liiversity.  grad 
uating  in  1851.  lie  was  baptized  into  the  fellow 
ship  of  the  First  church,  in  Providence.  R.  I.,  by 
the  Rev.  James  M.  Grander  in  184'.'.  In  1852  he 
transferred  his  membership  to  the  Meadville  Bap 
tist  church,  where  it  still  remains.  Although  never 
licensed,  he  has  occasionally  delivered  discourses 
from  the  pulpit  as  a  supply,  and  this  labor  of  love 
has  been  Avell  received  by  his  brethren. 

As  an  author  he  has  acquired  not  only  a  local, 
but  even  a  national  reputation  of  a  liiu'h  order. 
Various  works  have  been  issued,  and  they  have 
received  the  popular  favor.  Several  editions  of  his 
"Lectures  on  Mental  and  Moral  Culture!"  have 
been  published  by  Messrs.  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co.,  of 
New  A  ork.  This  work  forms  one  of  the  volumes 
of  their  Teachers'  Library.  The  same  house  pub 
lished,  in  1801,  a  small  volume  entitled  "  Methods 
of  Conducting  Teachers'  Institutes."  and  this  also 
met  with  equal  success.  "The  History  of  the  Bat 
tle  of  Gettysburg"  has  received  the  hearty  indorse 
ment  of  the  English  press,  as  also  of  prominent 
Union  and  Confederate  generals,  and  French  and 
English  military  critics.  In  1800,  Governor  Curtin, 
of  Pennsylvania,  appointed  him  State  historian, 
in  which  service  he  was  engaged  seven  years,  pro 
ducing  five  large  volumes,  thus  preserving  the 
annuls  of  the  military  organizations  which  were 
gathered  from  the  State  in  its  conflict  with  the  Re 
bellion.  This  monument  cost  the  State  nearly  half 
a  million  of  dollars,  and  was  worthily  expended. 
"  The  Lives  of  the  Governors  of  Pennsylvania" 
is  another  work  on  which  he  was  employed  after 
the  completion  of  the  State  History.  The  "Mar 
tial  Deeds  of  Pennsylvania''  is  still  another  large 
octavo  volume,  illustrated  with  numerous  portraits 
of  officers  and  others  who  were  brought  to  the  front 
during  the  war. 

In  1857.  Mr.  Bates  was  elected  superintendent 
of  public  schools  in  Crawford  Co.,  Pa.  At  the  ex 
piration  of  his  first  term  of  three  years  he  WMS 
again  honored  by  re-election,  but  resigned  to  accept 


HA  rif 


86 


BATTLE 


the  still  wider  work  of  deputy  State  superinten 
dent,  and  this  position  he  held  for  six  years. 

In  18(>2  he  was  employed  hy  the  State  as  agent 
to  visit  and  report  upon  tin.1  condition  of  the  col 
leges  of  Pennsylvania.  These  reports  were  pub- 
lished  from  time  to  time  in  the  .l<>nni((Ix.  Other 
duties  have  crowded  out  the  desire  to  issue  them 
in  hook-form. 

In  186")  th(>  degree  of  LL.T).  was  conferred  upon 
him. 

In  1ST"  he  made  a  tour  through  Scotland,  Eng 
land,  France.  Italy,  Switzerland,  and  the  cities  of 
the  Rhine.  This  visit  laid  the  foundations  for  four 
lectures,  which  have  heen  favorably  received  wher 
ever  delivered. 

Bath,  Rev.  Levi,  was  Lorn  in  Unadilla,  X.  Y. : 
died  at  Columbus,  Wis.,  March  4,  1876.  aged  fifty- 
seven  years.  He  was  educated  at  Poultney,  Vt.,  and 
at  l.'n ion  College,  New  York,  lie  held  pastorates  in 
Grass  Lake,  Danville,  and  other  places  in  Michigan. 
In  ]8f'>]  he  cam*1  to  Columbus.  AVis.,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  there.  Owing  to  ill 
heath  he  was  obliged  to  retire  from  the  active  work 
of  the  ministry.  During  the  latter  part  of  his  life 
he  filled  a  number  of  town  and  county  office's,  and 
was  highly  esteemed  by  a  large  circle  of  personal 
friends. 

Battle,  Rev.  Archibald  J.,  D.D.,  president  of 
Mercer  University,  Macon.  Ga.,  was  born  at  Pow- 


KF.\*.    ARCHIBALD    J.   BATTLE.   I).T). 

elton,  Hancock  Co.,  Ga..  Sept.  10,  1820.  When  ten 
years  of  age  he  moved  to  Alabama  with  his  father. 
Dr.  Cnllen  Battle,  where  he  was  baptized  in  1839, 
and  where  he  graduated  at  the  University  of  Ala 


bama  in  J84b',  under  the  administration  of  Dr. 
Basil  Manly,  Sr.  In  1847  he  was  appointed  tutor 
of  Ancient  Languages  in  the  University  of  Ala 
bama,  lie  entered  on  a  professorship  in  East  Ala 
bama  Female  College  in  the  year  1852,  and  the 
following  year  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  by 
the  Tuskegee  Baptist  church,  continuing  still  to 
occupy  his  chair  in  the  Female  College.  In  1855 
he  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the  Tuscaloosa  Baptist 
church  ;  subsequently  he  became  Professor  of  Greek 
in  the  University  of  Alabama,  president  of  the 
Alabama  Central  Female  College,  and  president  of 
the  -Judson  Female  Institute  at  Marion.  Ala.,  which 
position  he  retained  until  1872,  when  he  accepted 
the  presidency  of  Mercer  University,  at  Macon.  Ga. 
Dr.  Battle  grew  up  amid  the  best  social  and  re 
ligious  influences,  and  he  comes  from  one  of  the 
first  families  of  Georgia.  lie  is  a  highly  cultivated 
Christian  gentleman,  of  refined  manners,  and  su 
perior  social  qualities,  and  with  a  character  that 
commands  universal  esteem.  His  pastorates  have 
been  signally  blessed  bv  revivals,  which  brought 
large  and  valuable  accessions  to  the  church.  One 
of  the  results  of  a  revival  in  the  Tuscaloosa  church, 
when  he  was  its  pastor,  was  the  establishment  of 
the  Alabama  Central  Female  College,  an  institution 
of  learning  which  reflects  the  highest  honor  upon 
its  founders,  the  first  conception  of  which  is  due  to 
Dr.  Battle.  lie  is  acukivated  and  polished  preacher, 
and  a  favorite  with  all  denominations,  owing  to  his 
excellent  spirit  and  sound  evangelical  views.  While 
his  sermons,  which  are  usually  written,  are  models 
of  composition,  they  are  elevated  in  thought, 
earnest  in  spirit,  and  chaste  in  expression.  Had 
his  life  been  devoted  to  the  pastorate,  he  would 
have  attained  a  success  rarely  granted  to  ministers; 
for  while  his  preaching  is  pointed,  clear,  evangelical 
in  doctrine,  and  practical  in  teaching,  his  pervasive 
piety,  affectionate  and  sympathetic  nature  and  re 
fined  delicacy,  indicate  the  existence  in  him  of  the 
highest  and  best  attributes  of  a  pastor.  He  is  a 
scholar  worthy  to  stand  at  the  head  of  a  noble  in 
stitution  of  learning;  and  he  possesses  adminis 
trative  ability  which  fits  him  admirably  for  the 
position.  To  great  courtesy  of  manner  he  unites 
firmness  of  purpose,  excellence  of  judgment,  and 
aptness  for  teaching  and  governing  young  men. 
In  person  he  is  six  feet  high.  In  ]SG(,j.  during  the 
interim  between  the  call  of  Dr.  Warren  and  the 
retirement  of  Dr.  Skinner,  he  was  invited  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  Macon  .church,  and  filled  the  posi 
tion  most  acceptably  and  successfully.  The  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  him  by 
three  institutions. — by  Howard  College,  Ala.,  and 
Columbian  College,  Washington  City,  in  1872,  and 
by  the  University  of  Georgia  in  1873.  He  is  the 
author  of  a  work  on  the  human  Avill.  which  has 
elicited  distinguished  commendation,  as  manifest- 


BATTLE 


87 


BATTLK 


ing.  in  a  high  decree,  the  attributes  (if  an  acute 
metaphysician  :  while,  as  a  belles-lettres  scholar, 
he  lias  long  been  recognized  as  ranking  among  the 
foremost. 

Battle,  Cullen,  M.D.— Dr.  Battle  was  born 
in  North  Carolina  in  17  So.  where  lie  spent,  his 
earlv  manhood  in  the  successful  practice  of  his 
profession.  In  ISIS  he  removed  to  I'owelton, 
(Ja..  where  lie  retired  from  the  practice  of  medi- 
eine  to  attend  to  his  increasing  planting  inter 
ests.  The  cause  of  education,  and  every  public 
interest,  found  in  him  an  ardent  advocate  and  a 
liberal  benefactor.  lie  was  baptized  in  1S:>7  bv 
Dr.  Jesse  Mercer,  between  whom  and  Dr.  Battle 
there  subsisted  a  warm  and  lifelong  friendship.  In 
HoG  lie  removed  to  Eufaula,  Ala.  Here  In1  was 
prominent  in  civilizing  and  Christianizing  the  new 
country,  and  in  every  public  work,  and  fostered 
the  Baptist  Church  with  a  wise  and  tender  care. 
In  Tuskegee.  where  he  resided  several  years,  he 
rendered  signal  service  to  the  church,  to  education, 
and  to  every  good  cause.  Always  a  man  of  active 
mind,  positive  character,  unfaltering  energy,  sound 
piety,  and  broad  intelligence,  he  exercised  <j;reat 
influence  among  his  brethren  and  in  society  <j;en- 
erally.  The  hospitality  of  his  home  was  famous. 
Of  great  wealth  and  liberality,  his  contributions  to 
secular  and  religious  enterprises  were  many  and 
munificent.  Mercer  University,  of  which  his  son, 
I  >r.  A.  •).  Battle,  is  now  president,  received  from 
him  tin;  largest  sum  for  its  endowment  ever  be 
stowed  on  it  by  any  man,  save  from  its  founder, 
I>r.  Meivcr.  He  also  was  a  lar^e  contributor  to 
Howard  College  and  the  East  Alabama  Female 
College.  He  always  exhibited  an  active  y.eal  for 
the  welfare  of  the  ne^ro  race.  l>r.  Battle  was  the 
father  of  A.  .].  Battle.  D.D..  Gen.  ('.  A.  Battle. 
of  the  Confederate  army,  and  of  Mrs.  M.-J.  Shorter, 
wife  of  (Joy.  Shorter:  and  was  himself  descended 
from  a  highly  honorable  Christian  ancestry,  lie 
died  in  Kulanla,  Ala.,  in  1S7S. 

Battle,  Elisha. — The  ancestor  of  the  large  and 
influential  family  of  Battles  in  North  Carolina. 
Tennessee!.  Alabama,  and  Georgia,  was  born  in 
Nansemond  Co..  Va.,  Jan.  '.).  1723.  In  174S  he 
removed  to  Tar  Uiver.  Edgecombe  Co.,  X.  C.  ; 
joined  the  Baptist  church,  known  as  Falls  of  Tar 
Kiver.  in  17G4.  of  which  he  was  a  deacon  for 
twenty-eight  years.  lie  was  often  moderator  of 
the  Kelmkee  Association;  was  a  member  of  the 
General  Assembly  for  twenty  years  ;  a  member  of 
the  convention  which  formed  the  State  constitu 
tion  :  and  was  chairman  of  the  convention  when 
the  Federal  Constitution  and  Bill  of  Rights  were 
considered  in  a  committee  of  the  whole.  He  died 
in  17W),  and  Revs.  Gilbert  and  Burkitt  attended  his 
funeral  services,  both  preaching. 

Battle,  Rev.  Henry  W.,  the  gifted  young  pastor 


at  Columbus,  Miss.,  belongs  to  a  distinguished 
family  in  the  South,  being  a  son  of  Maj.-Gen. 
Cullen  A.  Battle,  and  a  nephew  of  A.  J.  Battle, 
D.D.,  president  of  Mercer  University.  He  was 
born  in  Tuskegee,  Ala.,  in  1S.">5,  and  admitted  to 
the  practice  of  law  at  the  age  of  nineteen  :  but 
abandoning  the  most  flattering  worldly  prospects, 
he  entered  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Sem 
inary  at  Louisville.  Ky..  where  lie  remained  some 
time,  and  then  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  at  Columbus,  Miss.,  where  the  suc 
cess  of  his  labors  gives  promise  of  great  future 
usefulness. 

Battle,  Reuben  T.,  was  born  Sept.  10,  17S4, 

and  died  Dec.  6.  IS4l.l.  in  the  sixty-fifth  year  of  his 
age.  For  thirty  years  he  was  a  deacon,  and  a 
prominent,  useful,  and  benevolent  man  ;  his  whole 
character  illustrated  the  truths  of  Christianity, 
the  beauty  of  true  pietv.  and  the  loveliness  of  char 
ity.  His  large  wealth  enabled  him.  by  his  bene 
factions,  to  aid  greatly  the  cause  of  religion  and 
to  promote  that  of  education,  lie  was  a  most  use 
ful  and  enlightened  citi/.en.  a  kind  and  self-sacri 
ficing  father  and  husband,  and  a  staunch  supporter 
of  the  interests  of  his  denomination. 

His  ancestors  were  Baptists,  who  fled  from  Eng 
land  before  our  Revolution  to  avoid  persecution, 
and  his  father,  as  well  as  the  men  of  his  mother's 
family,  took  an  active  part  in  the  Revolutionary 
war.  His  father  and  mother  were  Jesse  Battle 
and  Susanna  Fawcette,  who  resided  in  North  Caro 
lina  when  Reuben  T.  Battle  was  born.  Two  years 
after  that  event  they  moved  to  Georgia  and  settled 
in  Hancock  County,  where  Reuben  UTCW  up.  in 
heriting  the  homestead.  In  January.  ISO."),  he 
married  Bethiah  Alexander,  bv  whom  he  had  three 
daughters,  afterwards  Mrs.  Jud^e  K.  A.  Nisbet, 
Mrs.  C.  M.  Irwin.  and  Mrs.  W.  J.  Ilarley. 

lie  was  converted  at  an  early  age  ;  was  baptized 
by  Jesse  Mercer,  and  united  with  the  Powelton 
church,  of  which  he  remained  an  active  and  influ 
ential  member  until  his  death,  co-operating  heartily 
with  Dr.  Jesse  Mercer,  John  A Ca/.v,  Gov.  Rahm, 
Judge  Thomas  Stock,  and  Thomas  Cooper,  all  men 
of  great  piety «,nd  religious  zeal.  To  Reuben  T. 
Battle  was  Powelton  mostly  indebted  for  its  excel 
lent  schools,  both  male  and  female,  which  rendered 
the  village  famous  as  a  seat  of  learning.  His  piety 
was  of  a  high  order,  and  both  the  church  and  the 
community  felt  its  influence.  His  hospitality  was 
unbounded,  and  his  large  means  enabled  him  to 
exercise  it  to  the  fullest  extent.  To  the  orphan 
and  widow,  to  the  sick  and  sorrowing,  he  was  most 
attentive,  and  his  relations  to  bis  numerous  ser 
vants  were  paternal,  about  whose  temporal  and 
spiritual  interests  he  was  always  solicitous.  lie 
filled  the  office  of  deacon  well,  having  labored  in 
it  for  thirty  years,  in  conjunction  with  John  Veazy, 


n  A  r. 


BAYLOR 


at  whoso  funeral  he  was  taken  ill,  and  he  survived 
six  days  only.  Co-laborers  in  the  Lord's  vineyard,  ' 
they  often  together  visited  the  sick  and  the  afllicted, 
often  mingled  their  prayers  and  tears,  and  often 
took  sweet  counsel  together  about  the  honor  of 
God  and  the  Li'ood  of  man.  Tsel'iil  in  life,  mourned 
at  death,  their  memory  is  vet  fragrant  in  the  church 
they  served  faithfnllv  for  so  lonu;  a  period. 

Baumes,  John  R.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Carlisle. 
X.  V..  i>>v.  L'S,  |v;:;:  graduated  with  honor  from 
Madison  Cni versitv  in  1X,">7,  ami  shortly  after  began 
legal  studies  in  Xe\v  York  City.  Being  convinced, 
however,  of  his  dutv  to  preach,  he  gave  up  the  la\v, 
and  in  the  spring  of  1S")S  returned  to  iramilton  to 
take  a  theological  course.  Immediately  after  com 
pleting  Iiis  theological  studies,  in  IS")1.',  accepted 
the  call  of  the  Baptist  church  at  \\~ostfiehl.  .Mass., 
where  he  was  ordained  and  remained  ten  years. 
In  1861,  after  a  short  period  spent  in  the  chaplaincy 
of  a  Xew  York  regiment,  became  pastor  of  the 
First  church,  Xew  .London.  Conn.,  where  ho  re 
mained  until  ISl'io.  when  the  health  of  his  wife 
having  become  impaired,  he  removed  to  Springfield, 
0.,  and  assumed  the  charge  of  the  First  church  of 
that  city.  Here,  in  a  few  weeks,  Mrs.  Baumes 
died.  A  second  church  being  formed  in  Spring 
field,  Dr.  Baumes  became  its  pastor,  and  labored 
with  great  success  until  Ix7l2. 

In  1X72,  Dr.  Baumes  became  editor  and  proprie 
tor  of  the  Journal  and  Messenger,  of  Cincinnati,  O., 
then  in  a  declining  state  and  embarrassed  with 
debt.  In  a  few  years  he  succeeded  in  extinguishing 
this  debt  and  in  greatly  extending  the  field  and 

influence  of  the  paper.      In  1X76  he  sold  his  interest  I 

I 
to  Dr.  G.  \\' .  Lasher,  and.  after  a  year  or  two  of  | 

rest,  began  the  publication  of  the  Buplixt  Review, 
a  quarterly  which  has  already  secured  a  paying 
list  of  subscribers.  Dr.  Baumes  resides  near  Cin 
cinnati,  O. 

"Baxter  Baptized  in  Blood."— About  1f>73 

Baptists  in  England  had  everything  to  bear  that 
could  pain  the  heart  and  make  life  wretched.  In 
that  year,  according  to  Ivimey,  whose  veracity  and 
information  are  worthy  of  all  credit,  a  pamphlet 
was  issued  bearing  the  heading  at  the  top  of  this 
article,  and  of  which  he  gives  the  following  sketch  : 
"This  work,  which  we  have  perused,  gives  an 
account  of  a  barbarous  murder  committed  by  four 
Anabaptists  at  Boston,  Xew  England,  upon  the 
body  of  a  godly  minister  named  Josiah  Baxter,  for  no 
other  reason  than  that  he  had  worsted  them  in  dis 
putation,  which  was  set  forth  with  all  the  circum 
stances  and  formalities  of  names,  speeches,  actions, 
times,  and  place,  to  make  it  look  the  more  authen 
tic  ;  orderly  and  most,  pathetically  describing  the 
most  execrable  murder  that  ever  was  known,  vi/,., 
of  first  stripping  and  cruelly  whipping,  then  dis 
emboweling  and  flaying  alive  a  sound  and  godly 


minister  in  his  own  house,  in  the  midst  of  the 
bowlings,  groans,  and  shriekings  of  his  dear  rela 
tions  lying  bound  before  him.  And  the  better  to 
create  belief,  this  sad  st<>ry  is  pretended  to  be  pub 
lished  bv  the  mournful  brother  of  the  said  mur 
dered  minister,  named  Benjamin  Baxter,  living  in 
Fenchnrch  Street,  London.  This  infamous  libel 
concludes  in  the  following  manner :  '  1  have  penned 
and  published  this  narrative  In  perpetuam  r<  i  ni<- 
iiinridjn .  that  the  world  may  see  the  spirit  of  these 
men.  and  that  it  may  stand  as  an  eternal  memorial 
of  tlti:ir  criK'Hi/  ni/d  luilml  to  all  orllnxln.r  •niini.f- 
ters.'  Multitudes  were  thirsting  for  the  blood  of 
our  Baptist  brethren  at  this  time,  and  this  pam 
phlet,  written  by  some  classical  scholar,  was  the 
very  tiling  to  enraire  the  whole  nation  against 
them  ;  and  if  had  that  for  its  object.  Alter  the 
murder  should  have  taken  place  some  twenty  days, 
a  vessel  sailed  from  .Boston  for  London  :  and  the 
master  of  this  ship  and  three  other  persons  took 
an  affidavit  before  the  Lord  Mayor  that  they  never 
heard  of  Mr.  Josiah  Baxter,  that  there  was  no 
such  murder  reported  in  America,  and  that  they 
believed  the  story  to  lie  a  very  great  falsehood.  It 
was  a  murderous  fabrication.  But  so  dangerous  a 
forgery  was  it  that  Mr.  Killin.  a  man  of  great  wis 
dom,  and  of  much  influence  with  Lord  Clarendon, 
felt  compelled  to  bring  it  before  the  King's  Council  : 
and  so  fitted  to  shed  innocent  blood  by  mob  vio 
lence  was  it  regarded  that  the  Council,  though 
without  any  love  for  Baptists,  issued  an  order 
through  the  d<tz<>ite,  which,  after  describing  the 
storv,  declared  '  the  whole  matter  to  be  altogether 
false  and  fictitious.'  " 

Bayliss,  Rev.  William  H.,  was  born  near 
Augusta,  Ga.,  in  1X06  ;  educated  at  the  University 
of  Georgia,  Athens  :  practiced  law  many  years  in 
Georgia  and  Mississippi  ;  was  converted  at  Iler- 
nando,  Miss.,  and  immediately  commenced  preach 
ing  :  was  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church,  Xash- 
ville,  Tenn..  the  churches  at  Marshall  and  Waco, 
Texas,  the  church  at  Shroveport.  La.,  and  Coliseum 
Place  church.  Xew  Orleans:  in  all  served  twelve 
churches.  He  was  president  of  the  Bible  Board, 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  at  Nashville,  and  also 
of  Louisiana  Baptist  Convention.  lie  was  a  man 
of  noble  presence,  and  possessed  oratorical  gifts  of 
the  highest  order.  His  labors  in  Mississippi,  Ten 
nessee.  Louisiana,  and  Texas  were  productive  of 
threat  good  in  bringing  souls  to  Christ. 

Baylor  Female  College,  Independence.  Wash 
ington  Co.,  Texas.  Until  1806  this  institution  con 
stituted  "  The  Female  Department  of  Baylor  LTni- 
versity."  It  is  located  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile 
from  it.  It  has  educated  a  large  number  of  the 
most  prominent  women  of  Texas,  and  sustains  the 
reputation  of  a  first-class  female  college.  Its  build 
ings,  apparatus,  and  library  are  superior.  For 


BAYLOR 


BAYNHAM 


nineteen  years  Horace  Clark,  LL.D.,  was  its  presi 
dent.  His  successors  liave  been  B.  S.  Fitzgerald 
A.M.,  Rev.  Henry  L.  Graves,  A.M.,  Col.  W.  W 
Fontaine,  A.M.,  and  Rev.  William  Royall,  D.D 
In  1878,  Rev.  J.  II.  Lutlier,  D.D.,  was  elected  presi 
dent.  It  sustains  a  relation  to  the  Texas  Baptis 
State  Convention  similar  to  that  of  Baylor  Uni 
versity.  It  had  90  pupils  for  the  year  1877-78. 

Baylor,  Hon.  R.  E.  B.,  was  horn  in  Bourbon 
Co.,  Ky.,  May  10,  1791  ;  studied  law  in  Kentucky 


HOX.     R.    E.     B.    BAYLOR. 

•was  deeply  impressed  by  the  preaching  of  Jere 
miah  Vardeman,  whom  he  considered  a  pulpit  orator 
of  the  first  grade.  He  removed  to  Alabama,  and 
practiced  law  at  Cahaba  and  Tuscaloosa.  Was  a 
member  of  the  U.  S.  Congress  from  the  Tuscaloosa 
district  for  two  terms.  He  was  converted  in  Tal- 
ladega  County  in  1839,  and  was  licensed  to  preach. 
Shortly  afterwards  he  removed  to  Texas.  Partici 
pated  in  the  struggles  against  Mexicans  and  In 
dians  in  1842-44.  Served  in  the  Texan  Congress, 
and  for  twenty-five  years  was  a  judge  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Court,  embracing  Washington,  Fayette,  and 
other  leading  counties  of  the  State.  For  a  short 
time  he  was  on  the  Supreme  Court  bench.  Wherever 
he  held  courts  he  there  also  preached,  often  decid 
ing  cases  on  the  bench  during  the  day  and  holding 
a  protracted  meeting  at  night.  He  was  a  man  of 
commanding  presence,  fine  oratorical  powers,  genial 
disposition,  and  attractive  manners.  His  religious 
character  aided  him  no  little  in  his  judicial  career, 
at  a  time  and  among  a  people  accustomed  to  vio 
lence,  lawlessness,  and  misrule.  He  thoroughly 
identified  himself  with  the  people  of  God  wherever 
7 


he  went.  He  served  as  moderator  of  the  Union 
Association,  president  of  the  State  Convention,  and 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Baylor  Uni 
versity  at  different  times.  Baylor  University  was 
named  after  him.  He  and  William  M.  Tryon  drew 
up  and  procured  the  enactment  of  its  charter,  and 
he  gave  to  the  institution  its  first  $1000  at  a  time 
when  money  was  exceedingly  scarce  in  the  young 
republic.  The  last  ten  years  of  his  life  were  spent 
chiefly  in  attending  religious  meetings.  He  died 
Dec.  30,  1873,  and  his  remains  are  buried  a  short 
distance  in  the  rear  of  the  first  edifice  erected  for 
the  institution  named  after  him.  His  memory  is 
precious  among  all  classes  of  people  in  the  State 
of  Texas. 

Baylor  University,  Independence,  Washington 
Co.,  Texas,  was  chartered  by  the  republic  of  Texas 
in  1845.  Its  location  is  unsurpassed  in  Texas  for 
society,  salubrity,  and  scenery.  It  has  educated 
in  whole  or  in  part  over  3000  persons.  Many  of 
the  most  prominent  ministers  of  the  gospel,  law 
yers,  physicians,  merchants,  and  planters  in  Texas 
were  trained  in  this  institution.  It  had  in  1878  a 
corps  of  6  instructors,  2  professorships,  endowed 
in  part,  94  students,  and  a  valuable  library.  The 
society  and  officers'  libraries  contain  about  3000 
volumes.  The  value  of  its  grounds,  buildings,  etc., 
is  estimated  at  $35,000.  The  amount  proposed  to 
be  raised  for  endowment  is  §200,000,  and  for  other 
buildings  $25,000.  Its  presidents  have  been  Rev. 
Henry  L.  Graves,  A.M.,  Rev.  R.  C.  Burleson,  D.I)., 
Rev.  George  W.  Baines,  A.M.  The  present  incum 
bent,  Rev.  William  Carey  Crane,  D.I).,  LL.D.,  has 
been  president  since  July,  1863.  The  standard  of 
education  is  equal  to  that  of  the  principal  American 
institutions,  and  a  special  course  is  promised  for 
young  men  studying  for  the  gospel  ministry.  An 
nual  tuition  is  from  $30  to  $60.  The  average 
age  of  students  is  higher  than  any  other  Texas 
lege,  being  near  nineteen  years.  The  Texas 
Baptist  State  Convention  appoints  five  of  its  trus 
tees  annually,  and  receives  its  yearly  report. 

Baynham,  Rev.  William  A.,  M.D.,  was  born  in 
Essex  Co.,  Va.,  Oct.  19,  1813.  His  father  was  Dr. 
William  Baynham,  F.R.S.L.,  also  a  native  of  Vir 
ginia.  Young  Baynham  received  a  thorough  early 
training  in  several  of  the  best  schools  in  the  neigh 
borhood,  and  in  1828  entered  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia,  although  under  the  age  required  by  the 
•egulations  of  that  institution,  continuing  three 
years  in  the  literary  schools,  and  the  remainder  of 
he  time,  up  to  1834,  attending  lectures  in  the  medi 
al  schools,  and  taking  his  degree  in  medicine  in 
hat  year.  In  the  fall  of  1834  lie  went  to  Phila- 
lelphia,  and  attended  medical  lectures  there  until 
83G.  In  1834  he  professed  a  hope  in  Christ,  and 
n  1835  became  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  Church  ; 
iut  on  a  change  of  views  respecting  baptism  and 


BEALL 


91 


BECK 


other  doctrines,  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  A.  D.  Gil 
lette,  D.D.,  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Sansom  Street 
Baptist  church,  Philadelphia,  in  February,  1836.  In 
the  same  year  he  returned  to  Virginia,  and  united 
with  the  Enon  Baptist  church,  Essex  County.  lie 
practiced  medicine  for  one  year  only  ;  was  then 
ordained  to  the  ministry,  and  in  1842  was  invited 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  Knon  church,  which  he  ac 
cepted,  and  which  he  has  faithfully  served  to  the 
present  time.  In  IS54.  l>r.  Baynham  also  took 
charge  of  the  Upper  Zion  church.  Carolina  County, 
where  he  still  preaches,  and  in  addition  to  which 
he  has  supplied  two  other  fields  of  labor.  He  occa 
sionally  contributes  to  the  Ifelif/ious  Herald;  has 
bern  for  some  years  a  trustee  of  Richmond  College, 
and  at  different  times  connected  with  one  or  more 
of  the  denominational  boards. 

Beall,  Hon.  R.  L.  T.,  was  born  in  "Westmore 
land  Co..  Va.,  May  22.  IS  1',).  and  after  pursuing 
his  studies  in  the  neighboring  schools,  entered 
Dickinson  College,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  about 
a  year  and  a  half.  He  then  pursued  the  study  of 
la\v  at  home  for  about  eighteen  months ;  entered 
the  law  school  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  \vhere 
he  graduated  in  1S3S,  and  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  1839.  Although  averse  to  politics, 
being  the  only  Democratic  lawyer  in  the  two  coun 
ties  when  he  practiced  law,  he  was  obliged  to 
answer  all  Whig  orators  who  chanced  to  speak  in 
that  district.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  Congress 
in  1847,  but  declined  a  re-election.  In  1850  he  was 
elected  a  delegate  to  the  convention  to  reform  the 
State  constitution  of  A'irginia;  and  in  1859  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  same  State,  in  which  he 
served  two  sessions  and  then  resigned.  In  1801,  on 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  Mr.  Beall  joined,  as  a 
private,  a  cavalry  company,  and  was  soon  elected 
first  lieutenant.  He  received  in  1S01  commissions 
of  captain  and  then  major  from  the  State:  in  1862 
commissions  of  lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel  from 
the  Confederate  States;  and  in  1865  that  of  briga 
dier-general.  He  was  a  most  efficient  officer  and 
was  wounded  several  times.  At  the  close  of  the 
war  lie  returned  to  his  practice,  and  in  1878  was 
nominated  for  Congress.  Mr.  Beall  was  baptized 
by  his  eldest  son.  the  Rev.  Geo.  W.  Beall.  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  Machedoc  church.  Va.,  in  1873. 
He  is  deeply  interested  in  all  denominational 
movements,  and  takes  an  active  part  in  the  pro 
ceedings  of  district  and  State  Associations.  He 
holds  the  position  of  vice-president  of  the  General 
Association  of  Virginia,  and  also  of  the  Historical 
Society.  Mr.  Beall  was  a  contributor  to  that  ex 
cellent  magazine,  the  Southern  Literary  Messenger, 
and  has  written  occasionally  for  the  press,  both 
secular  and  religious.  He  was  united  in  marriage 
to  Miss  Lucy  M.  Brown,  of  Westmoreland  Co., 
Va.,  May  28/1840. 


Beaver  Dam. — The  seat  of  Wayland  Academy, 
on  the  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railroad.  61  miles 
northwest  of  Milwaukee,  the  commercial  centre  of 
one  of  the  richest  portions  of  Wisconsin.  To  the 
Baptists  of  Wisconsin  the  place  is  associated  with 
the  early  struggles  of  the  denomination  in  found 
ing  and  establishing  its  institution  of  learning, — 
Wayland  Academy. 

Beck,  Rev.  Andrew  J.,  a  trustee  of  Mercer 
University,  was  born  in  Hancock  Co.,  Ga.,  in  1850. 
A  regular  graduate  of  Mercer  University  :  soon 

o  „     . 

j  after  graduation  he  edited  an  agricultural  paper 
j  in  Atlanta  for  some  time,  but  feeling  himself  called 
I  to  preach,  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry.  He 
was  prevailed  upon,  however,  to  accept  the  posi 
tion  of  principal  of  the  Perry  High  School,  which 
he  held  for  several  years,  but  declining  health  com 
pelled  him  to  abandon  the  school-room  and  engage 
in  the  more  active  labors  of  a  secular  life  until 
sufficiently  restored  to  perform  pastoral  labor. 
After  serving  the  Marietta  church  for  some  years, 
he  became  connected  with  the  editorial  corps  of 
the  (.'/trixfitni  Index:  afterwards  moving  to  Mii- 
ledgeville.  the  old  capital  of  the  State,  he  took 
charge  of  the  Baptist  church. — a  responsible  posi 
tion,  the  duties  of  which  he  still  discharges.  Mr. 
Beck  is  a  fine  thinker,  a  good  preacher  and  pastor. 
and  one  of  the  rising  ministers  of  Georgia. 

Beck,  Hon.  Joseph  Marcus,  one  of  the  judge- 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Iowa,  was  born  in  Clei- 
mont  Co.,  0..  near  the  village  of  Bethel,  April  21, 
1S23.  His  family  removed  to  Jefferson  Co.,  Ind., 
in  October,  1S34.  He  was  educated  at  Hanover 
College,  Ind.,  read  law  in  Madison,  in  the  office 
of  Judge  Miles  C.  Eggleston,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1846.  May  1,  1847,  he  became  a  resi 
dent  of  Iowa,  and  soon  after  settled  in  Montrose. 
In  1850  he  removed  to  Fort  Madison,  of  which  he 
is  still  a  citizen.  He  was  actively  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  the  law  until  1867.  when  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State,  and  has 
been  continued  in  the  position  by  two  subsequent 
elections.  He  was  chosen  to  the  bench  of  the 
Supreme  Court  from  the  bar.  having  previously 
held  no  judicial  or  other  public  offices,  except  those 
of  mayor  of  Fort  Madison  and  prosecuting  attor 
ney  of  Lee  County.  The  parents  and  grandparents 
of  Judge  Beck  were  Baptists.  His  mother's  father, 
Isaac  Morris,  was  born  in  Wales,  and  was  a  Bap 
tist  minister  of  prominence  in  Harrison  Co.,  \:\. 
he  was  the  father  of  Thomas  Morris,  a  U.  S.  Sena 
tor  of  Ohio.  Judge  Beck  was  baptized  in  1842, 
becoming  a  member  of  the  church  in  Madison. 
Ind.,  and  he  was  the  superintendent  of  its  Sunday- 
school  while  he  was  a  law  student.  He  was  one 
of  the  constituent  members  of  the  Fort  Madison 
church.  He  has  been,  for  more  than  eleven  years, 
the  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school  connected 


BECK 


BEDDOME 


with  the  Iowa  State  Penitentiary  at  Fort  Madison, 
and  for  twenty  years  he  has  been  president  of  the 
hoard  of  trustees  of  the  Burlington  Collegiate  In 
stitute. 

Beck,  Rev.  Lev!  G.,  was  horn  in  Philadelphia, 
Au»;.  20,  1810;  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Fourth  Baptist  church  of  that  city  in  Septem 
ber.  1830;  licensed  to  preach  Aug.  5,  1833;  or 
dained  in  January,  1835;  labored  two  years  as  a, 
missionary  in  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  during  which 
the  Mount  Pleasant  Baptist  church  was  organized 
and  their  meeting-house  erected.  In  1836  he  be 
came  pastor  of  the  church  at  Milestown,  Pa.  In 
1839  he  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Upper  Free 
hold,  Monmouth  Co.,  N.  J.  In  February,  1844,  he 
settled  as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Trenton,  N.  J..  and  in  1849  he  took  charge  of  the 
church  in  Flemington.  X.  J.  In  1851  he  removed 
to  Philadelphia  and  took  the  oversight  of  the  North 
Baptist  church,  and  superintended  the  erection  of 
their  church  edifice.  He  removed  to  New  Britain, 
Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  and  succeeded  in  remodeling  and 
enlarging  their  house  of  worship.  In  1859  he  was 
called  to  the  church  in  Pemberton,  N.  J.,  and  he 
had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  their  present  commodi 
ous  house  of  worship  erected  and  paid  for.  In 
1804  he  removed  to  Chester,  Pa.,  the  First  church 
then  numbering  but  28  members  ;  and  in  about 
two  years  a  handsome  house  of  worship,  46  by  80 
feet,  was  erected,  paid  for,  and  occupied  by  a  good 
congregation.  In  1866  he  became  secretary  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  General  Association,  and 
held  the  office  for  fourteen  years,  to  the  great  ad 
vantage  of  the  cause  of  Christ  in  Pennsylvania. 
Mr.  Beck  succeeded  in  every  place  where  he  labored, 
and  he  is  one  of  the  purest  and  most  devoted  men 
known  to  the  writer. 

Beck,  Rev.  Thomas  J.,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Bun 
combe  Co.,  N.  C.,  Dec.  2,  1805,  of  pious  parents. 
On  reaching  his  majority  he  moved  to  Wilkes  Co., 
Ga.,  where  he  was  converted  and  baptized  in  1833, 
joining  the  Ilehoboth  church.  He  was  ordained  at 
New  Providence  church,  in  Warren  County,  in 
1835,  and,  dui'ing  a  ministerial  career  of  twenty- 
seven  years,  preached  to  various  churches  in  War 
ren,  McDuffie,  Columbia,  Taliaferro,  Greene,  and 
Wilkes  Counties.  At  his  death  he  had  charge  of 
four  churches.  He  died  in  Warren  Co..  Ga.,  Sept. 
2.  1862,  at  the  age  of  fifty-six. 

The  chief  features  of  his  character  were  firmness, 
boldness,  humility,  modesty,  sincerity,  and  kind 
ness.  Utterly  free  from  envy,  he  praised  the  worthy 
deeds  and  superior  talents  of  others.  He  was 
honest  in  the  scriptural  sense  of  the  term,  and 
there  was  nothing  mean  or  selfish  in  his  nature. 
He  was  very  successful  in  winning  souls  to  Jesus 
and  in  building  up  and  strengthening  the  churches 
he  served,  and,  according  to  his  talents  and  educa 


tion,  few  have  done  more  for  the  denomination  in 
Georgia  than  lie.  He  was  a  true  Baptist,  and  in 
hearty  sympathy  with  the  great  principles  and  doc 
trines  which  are  peculiar  to  our  denomination.  He 
was  a  diligent  student  of  the  Bible  and  a  very 
effective  speaker,  delivering  what  he  had  to  say  in 
an  earnest,  hearty,  straightforward  manner.  As  a 
pastor  he  had  few  superiors.  Not  many  ministers 
were  more  successful  than  he  in  building  up 
churches  and  in  establishing  and  utilizing  their 
membership.  He  always  left  his  churches  in  a 
better  condition  than  they  were  when  he  took 
charge  of  them.  lie  was  greatly  beloved  and  es 
teemed  as  a  pastor,  as  a  Christian,  as  a  neighbor, 
and  as  a  man,  and  in  every  relation  which  he 
sustained  his  life  was  a  blessing.  In  his  family 
his  Christian  life  shone  most  brightly,  and  his  walk 
with  God  appeared  most  intimate.  lie  looked  care 
fully  after  the  salvation  of  his  children,  and  before 
his  death  had  the  pleasure  of  baptizing  all  but 
one,  who,  then  only  ten  years  old.  was  afterwards 
baptized  at  fourteen.  In  his  life  we  have  a  striking 
exemplification  of  the  truth  that  in  obedience  to 
and  in  close  communion  with  God  lie  the  true 
secret  of  success  and  (usefulness  in  the  service  of 
Christ.  Mr.  Beck  always  appeared  before  his  peo 
ple  as  if  he  had  just  come  out  from  the  presence 
of  God,  and  his  hearers  received  his  messages 
fladly,  and  many  of  them  were  converted. 

Beckwith,  Mayhew,  was  a  governor  of  Acadia 
College,  a  member  of  the  Nova  Scotia  House  of 
Assembly,  the  treasurer  of  the  Baptist  Home  Mis 
sionary  Board,  and  a  warm  friend  of  the  Baptist 
denomination.  He  died  at  Cornwallis  in  1871, 
aged  seventy-two  years. 

Beddome,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  born  at  Hen 
ley,  England,  Jan.  23,  1717.  He  was  baptized  in 
London  in  1739.  He  was  educated  at  Bristol  Col 
lege  and  at  the  Independent  College,  Milend,  Lon 
don.  He  was  ordained  to  the  Baptist  ministry  at 
Bourton-on-the-Water,  Sept,  23,  1743.  lie  con 
tinued  pastor  of  this  church  till  Sept.  3.  1797,  when 
he  rested  from  his  labors  and  entered  the  church 
in  glory. 

Mr.  Beddome  was  accustomed  to  prepare  a  hymn 
to  be  sung  every  Lord's  day  after  his  morning  ser 
mon.     These  compositions  were  collected  when  he 
j  died   and  published   in   a  volume,  and   since  that 
time  they  have  been  placed  in  most  selections  of 
i  hymns  in  the  English  language.    For  the  last  eight 
j  years  of  his  life  he  gave  away  in  charitable  con 
tributions  the  entire  money  he  received  as  salary 
for  his  services. 

"  In  his  preaching  he  laid  Christ  at  the  founda 
tion  of  religion  as  the  support  of  it ;  he  placed  him 
at  the  top  of  it  as  its  glory  ;  and  he  made  him 
the  centre  of  it,  to  unite  all  its  parts,  and  to  add 
beauty  and  vigor  to  the  whole."  "His  inventive 


BEEBEE 


93 


BEECH 


faculty  was  extraordinary,  and  threw  an  endless 
variety  into  his  public  services.  Nature,  provi 
dence,  and  grace  had  formed  him  for  eminence  in 
the  church  of  Christ."  He  was  loved  and  honored 
by  the  whole  Baptist  denomination  in  England  and 
America  in  his  day.  Rhode  Island  College,  now 
known  as  Brown  University,  gave  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  A.M.  Three  volumes  of  his  sermons 
were  published  after  his  death. 

Beebee,  Alexander  M.,  D.D.,  son  of  Alexander 
M.  Beebee,  LL.D.,  of  the  New  York  Baptist  Regis 
ter,  was  born  in  Utica,  Feb.  6,  1820  ;  graduated  at 
Madison  University  in  1847,  and  Hamilton  Theo 
logical  Seminary  in  1849  :  pastor  in  Jordan,  N.  Y., 
1849-50:  1850,  Professor  of  Logic  and  English 
Literature  in  Madison  University ;  Lecturer  on 
Sacred  Rhetoric,  1857-61  ;  at  present  Professor  of 
Homiletics  in  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary,  and 
Professor  of  Logic  in  Madison  University. 

Beebee,  Alexander  M.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Newark,  N.  J.,  Sept.  29,  1783.  lie  graduated  with 


ALEXANDER    M.    BEEBEE,     LL.D. 

honor  at  Columbia  College,  N.  Y.,  in  the  class  of 
1802.  After  leaving  college  Mr.  Beebee  studied 
law  with  Ogden  Hoffman,  Sr.,  having  Washington 
Irving  and  James  K.  Paulding  as  fellow-students. 
With  Mr.  Irving  lie  formed  a  friendship  which  only 
death  ended.  He  practiced  law  in  New  York  till 
1807,  when  ho  transferred  his  business  to  Skan- 
eateles.  There  he  followed  his  profession  for  fif 
teen  years,  and  became  a  leading  member  of  the 
bar  of  Onondaga  County. 

While  living  in  Skaneateles  he  lost  his  first  child, 
and  his  distressed  heart  found  no  rest  till  Jesus  in 


spired  in  it  the  hope  of  heaven.  He  joined  a  Baptist 
church  seven  miles  from  his  residence,  the  nearest 
one  to  his  house.  Now  the  legal  profession  had 
lost  its  attractions.  In  1824  there  was  no  Baptist 
newspaper  in  the  State  of  New  York,  and  only 
three  or  four  in  the  United  States.  In  1825,  Mr. 
Beebee  accepted  the  editorship  of  a  very  small  sheet 
called  the  Baptist  Register,  and  soon  the  paper  in 
creased  in  size  and  in  subscribers,  and  it  became  a 
great  blessing  to  the  rapidly-growing  Baptist  de 
nomination  in  Central  New  York.  Mr.  Beebee 
conducted  the  Register  until  a  short  period  before 
his  death,  in  November,  1856.  "  Mr.  Beebee  was 
one  of  the  noblest  and  gentlest  of  men,  a  burning 
and  a  shining  light  in  our  Zion.  lie  belonged  by 
birth  and  social  position  to  the  aristocracy  of  intel 
lect  and  wealth  in  the  metropolis.  He  was  a  man  of 
broad  intellect,  generous  culture,"  childlike  faith, 
and  boundless  charity,  and  of  such  loyalty  to  Christ 
that  he  would  sacrifice  nothing  which  he  taught  fur 
the  gift  of  a  globe  or  the  smiles  of  all  humanity. 
In  1S52  Madison  University  conferred  the  degree 
of  LL.D.  upon  Mr.  Beebee. 

Beech,  Rev.  Henry  Hudson. — The  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Sheboygan  Falls,  Wis.  He  is  a  native  of  Eaton, 
Madison  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  born  in  1843. 
He  spent  his  childhood  and  youth  in  Eaton  and 
Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  and  when  older,  on  a  farm,  in 
Augusta,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.  Having  decided  the 
question  of  his  call  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  lie 
began  a  course  of  study  when  yet  under  twenty 
years  of  age  with  that  end  in  view.  He  was  grad 
uated  from  Shurtleff  College,  111.,  in  the  class  of  1866, 
and  from  Newton  Theological  Seminary,  Newton 
Centre,  Mass.,  in  the  class  of  1869.  In  January, 
1870,  he  was  ordained  by  the  Market  Street  Baptist 
church  in  Zanesville,  0.,  where  he  began  the  ac 
tive  work  of  his  ministry  as  the  stated  supply  of 
that  church.  His  first  pastorate  was  with  the  Syca 
more  Street  Baptist  church  (now  Grand  Avenue), 
Milwaukee.  Leaving  Milwaukee,  he  had  two  pas 
torates  in  Minnesota, — at  Owatonna  and  Lake  City. 
Returning  in  1877  to  Wisconsin,  he  settled  as  the 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Sheboygan  Falls, 
his  present  field  of  labor.  During  the  war  lie  en 
listed  as  a  private  in  the  133d  Regiment,  Illinois 
Volunteers,  in  which  he  served  100  days. 

Mr.  Beech  is  an  earnest  and  faithful  minister  of 
the  gospel  and  a  good  pastor.  His  preaching  is 
pointed,  vigorous,  and  searching.  He  abounds  in 
evangelical  fervor  and  earnestness.  He  lias  a 
clear  conception  of  the  distinctive  doctrines  of  the 
church  of  which  he  is  a  minister.  He  has  a  hearty 
style  of  writing  and  speaking  that  arrests  attention 
and  wins  favor.  He  is  the  popular  and  valuable 
secretary  of  the  Wisconsin  Baptist  State  Conven 
tion,  in  whose  work  he  takes  a  deep  interest. 


BELCHER 


94 


BENEDICT 


Belcher,  Joseph,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Birming 
ham,  England.  April  5,  1794.  In  IS  14  he  put  his 
trust  in  Jesus  as  his  Saviour,  and  in  1819  he  was 
ordained  as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Somersharu. 
He  was  pastor  of  several  churches  in  England,  and 
he  founded  one.  In  1S44  he  crossed  the  Atlantic 
nnd  visited  the  United  States.  lie  became  pastor 
that  year  of  a  Baptist  church  in  Halifax.  Nova 
Scotia;  three  years  later  he  took  charge  of  the 
Mount  Tabor  church,  Philadelphia. 

He  edited  the  complete  works  of  Andrew  Fuller, 
and  was  the  author  of  the  following:  "The  Re 
ligious  Denominations  of  the  United  States,"  Lives 
of  Carey,  Whitefield.  the  Ilaldanes.  and  Robert 
Raikes.  and  also  of  ''  The  Tri-Jubilee  Sermon  of 
the  Philadelphia  Association." 

"  His  store  of  facts,  anecdotes,  and  illustrations 
was  inexhaustible,  he. abounded  in  useful  sugges 
tions,  his  conversation  was  full  of  instruction  and 
wisdom." 

His  death  was  eminently  peaceful.  When  a 
dear  one  inquired,  "  Is  Jesus  precious  to  vou 
now?"  he  replied  with  energy,  "  Yes,  ten  thousand 
times  more  precious  than  ever." 

Belden,  Rev.  Clarendon  Dwight,  A.M.,  son 
of  Deacon  Stanton  and  Antoinette  P.  (Manchester) 
Belden,  was  born  in  North  Providence.  R.  I..  May 
3.  1>48;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  IM'I'.I: 
studied  theology  at  Cimer  Theological  Seminary  : 
was  ordained  to  the  Baptist  ministry  in  Philadel 
phia  ;  now  settled  as  pastor  in  Austin,  Minn., 
where  he  has  been  greatly  prospered. 

Belden,  Deacon  Stanton,  A.M.,  son  of  Martin 

and  Prudence  (Shales)  Belden,  was  born  in  Saudis- 
field,  Mass.,  Jan.  15,  1808;  united  with  the  Bap 
tist  church  in  Colebrook,  Conn.,  under  Rev.  Rufus 
Babcock.  in  1822;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
1833;  founded  the  Fruit  Hill  Classical  Institute, 
in  North  Providence,  R.  I.,  in  1835,  and,  with  the 
exception  of  four  years,  remained  the  honored  and 
successful  principal  till  1861,  receiving  students 
from  all  parts  of  the  world  except  Asia ;  was  or 
dained  deacon  of  the  Fruit  Hill  Baptist  church. 

Bell,  A.  K,  D.D.,  was  born  Dec.  9,  1815.  in 
Blair  Co.,  Pa.  He  was  renewed  by  divine  grace 
when  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age,  and  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Logan's  Valley  Baptist 
church.  He  graduated  at  Washington  College. 

'  c5      " 

Pa.,  in  1842.  He  was  ordained  the  same  year  in 
Pittsburgh.  His  first  pastorate  was  in  Hollidays- 
burg.  and  the  second  in  Logan's  Valley.  In  1854 
he  accepted  the  office  of  treasurer  and  general 
agent  of  the  university  at  Lewisburg.  In  1859 
lie  became  pastor  of  the  Sandusky  Street  church, 
Alleghany  City,  one  of  the  strongest  churches  in 
the  State.  In  1865  he  received  the  title  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Lewisburg.  In  1870  failing  health 
compelled  him  to  resign  his  pastorate.  In  1871  he 


visited  Europe,  and  on  his  return  spent  several 
years  in  Hollidaysburg,  preaching,  and  part  of  the 
time  being  pastor  in  Altoona.  In  1878  he  resumed 
his  old  position  as  treasurer  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Baptist  University. 

Dr.  Bell  belongs  to  a  family  full  of  generous 
impulses  and  deeds,  and  he  bears  the  stamp  of  his 
near  kindred.  He  is  an  able  preacher,  a  devout 
Christian,  a  blameless  man,  and  a  successful  pas 
tor. 

Benedict,  David,  D.D.,  the  Baptist  historian, 
was  born  in  Norwalk,  Conn..  Oct.  10.  1779.  His 


DAVID    BENEDICT,    D.D. 

love  for  historical  reading  and  investigation  de 
veloped  itself  in  early  life.  At  twenty  he  made  a 
profession  of  his  faith  in  Christ.  Religion  did  for 
him  what  it  has  done  for  so  many  thousands  of 
others, — quickened  his  intellectual  nature,  and 
made  him  aspire  after  something  elevating.  He 
entered  Brown  University,  where  he  graduated  in 
1806.  Soon  after  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Pawtucket,  11.  I.,  where  he  re 
mained  twenty-five  years.  During  all  this  time  he 
had  been  busy  in  gathering,  from  every  part  of  the 
country,  the  materials  out  of  which  to  form  a  com 
prehensive  history  of  the  Baptist  denomination, 
and  had  sent  to  press  several  volumes  relating  to 
the  subject  of  his  investigations.  After  retiring 
from  his  pastorate,  he  gave  himself  with  great  dili 
gence  to  the  work  of  completing  the  task  he  had 
undertaken.  He  felt  it  to  be  his  special  vocation 
to  do  this  work,  and  he  made  everything  bend  to 
its  accomplishment.  Among  his  published  writings 
are  the  following  :  "  History  of  the  Bap^sts,"  1813  ; 


BENEDICT 


BENEDICT 


''  Abridgment  of  Robinson's  History  of  Baptism,1' 
1817;  "Abridgment  of  History  of  the  Baptists," 
1820;  "History  of  all  Religions,"  1S24;  "  History 
of  the  Baptists  Continued."  184S  :  "  Fifty  Years 
among  the  Baptists,"  1800.  He  wrote  also  a  his 
tory  of  the  Donatists,  which  was  completed  just 
before  he  was  ninety-five  years  of  age.  and  which, 
since  his  death,  has  been  printed.  All  through  his 
life  he  was  in  the  habit  of  writing  much  for  the 
public  press.  He  took  a  leading  part  in  the  found 
ing  of  various  religious  organizations  in  his  de 
nomination,  in  promoting  the  cause  of  education, 
in  the  formation  of  new  churches,  etc.  He  carried 
the  habits  of  hard  work,  which  he  had  formed  in 
the  maturity  of  his  years,  down  to  the  close  of  life. 
Me  was  remarkably  favored  with  good  eyesight. 
and  his  vision  was  unimpaired  to  the  last.  At  the 


had  grown  so  large,  that  he  went  out  with  a  colony 
and  founded  a  church  in  Norfolk  Street.  His  la 
bors  were  blessed  with  great  prosperity,  but  in  the 
height  of  his  power  and  usefulness,  and  in  the 
prime  of  life,  he  passed  away,  lamented  by  all  who 
knew  him.  lie  was  a  natural  orator,  devoted  to 
his  work,  social  in  manner,  fervid,  zealous,  and 
persuasive.  His  place  was  always  thronged,  and 
conversions  and  baptisms  were  continuous  during 
the  seventeen  years  of  his  labor  in  the  last-named 
churches. 

Benedict  Institute,  The,  is  located  at  Colum 
bia.  S.  C.  The  house  is  05  feet  wide  and  the  same 
depth.  It  is  two  stories  high  :  it  has  a  wide  ve 
randa.  It  is  located  in  a  beautiful  park  of  80  acres, 
full  of  tine  trees  :  it  has  numerous  out-buildings. 
It  is  chietiy  the  generous  gift  of  Deacon  Benedict, 


THE    BENEDICT     INST 

time  of  his  death  he  had  been  the  senior  member 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Brown  University  for 
sixteen  years,  and  had  been  in  the  corporation  for 
fifty-six  years.  Dr.  Benedict  died  at  Pawtucket, 
Dec.  5,  1874,  having  reached  the  great  age  of  ninety- 
five  years  one  month  and  twenty-five  days. 

Benedict,  Rev.  George,  a  Baptist  clergyman, 
was  born  in  Southeast,  Dutchess  Co.,  X.  Y..  April 
15,  1795,  and  died  Oct.  28,  184S.  His  youthful 
days  were  spent  witli  his  parents  in  Danbury, 
Conn.  He  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  that 
place  in  the  twenty -second  year  of  his  age.  He 
was  licensed  to  preach  May  12,  1822,  and  in  1823 
was  settled  and  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  church. 
He  served  the  church  in  Danbury  eight  years,  when 
he  accepted  the  charge  of  the  Stan  ton  Street  Bap 
tist  church,  of  New  York,  a  new  interest  of  only 
about  200  members.  After  ten  years  the  church 


I'  IT..   COI.I.MKIA.    S.   C. 

of  Rhode  Island,  ami  his  noble  wife,  for  the  Chris 
tian  education  of  colored  ministers. 

Benedict,  Deacon  Stephen,  son  of  Thomas  and 
Zelota  (Spnigue)  Benedict,  was  born  in  Milton, 
Saratoga  Co..  N.  Y..  Jan.  15,  ISO!  ;  removed  to  Paw- 
tucket.  R.  I.,  and  became  a  manufacturer  of  cotton 
goods  ;  fa-  thirty-seven  years  a  partner  with  Hon. 
Joseph  Wood  ;  afterwards  conducted  the  business 
alone  :  industi'ious,  careful,  and  successful  ;  united 
early  with  the  First  Baptist  church  in  PaAvtucket, 
under  his  half-brother.  Rev.  David  Benedict.  D.D. ; 
a  deacon  of  the  church  about  twenty-live  years; 
president  of  two  banks;  a  man  of  superior  judgment, 
and  highly  esteemed;  died  Dec.  25.  1808,  nearly 
sixty-eight  years  of  age  :  left  in  his  will,  among 
other  worthy  legacies,  82000  to  the  American  Bap 
tist  Home  Mission  Society,  to  which  his  devoted 
and  excellent  widow  has  added,  at  different  times, 


BENJAMIN 


96 


BKXTLY 


sums  now  amounting  to  about  $30,000,  with  which 
has  been  purchased,  and  largely  sustained,  the 
widely-known  Benedict  Institute  in  Columbia.  S.  C., 
for  the  education  of  the  freedmen  ;  and  donations 


DEACON*    STEPHEN'    BENEDICT. 

by  this  widow  of  about  $1000  a  year  are  still  con 
tinued.  Really,  the  Benedict  Institute  is  her  work, 
and  should  be  counted  in  history  as  a  monument  to 
her  largeness  of  heart  and  her  Christian  benevo 
lence. 

Benjamin,  Rev.  Judson,  was  born  in  Rodman, 
N.  Y.,  Feb.  2,  1819.     He  graduated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity,  in  the  class  of  1846.    lie  took  a  partial  course  j 
of  study  at   the   Newton    Theological    Institution  : 
was  ordained   at   Providence,  R.   I.,  Oct.   13,    1S48.  , 
Having  received  an  appointment  as  a  missionary,  i 
he  sailed  from  Boston,  Oct.  21,  1848,  and  arrived  at 
Tavoy,  in  Burmah,  April  9,  1849.     In  March,  1850, 
he  removed  to  Mergui,  where  he  devoted  himself 
specially  to  the  work  of  the  conversion  of  the  Ta- 
laings.     Mergui  was  given  up  as  a  station  in  1853, 
and  Mr.  Benjamin  was  transferred  to  Maulmain. 
He  returned  to  his  native  country  in  1854.  and  died 
at  Boston,  Feb.  20,  1855. 

Bennett,  Rev.  Alfred,  was  born  in  Mansfield, 
Conn.,  Sept.  26,  1780.  In  his  eighteenth  year,  in 
a  powerful  revival  of  religion  with  which  Mansfield 
was  blessed,  he  was  drawn  to  Jesus  by  the  Spirit 
of  God.  He  was  baptized  in  February,  1800.  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Hampton.  In 
February,  1803,  he  became  a  resident  of  Homer, 
Courtland  Co.,  N.  Y.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  little  church  of  Homer.  June  18,  1807.  He 
was  visited  with  great  revivals  of  religion,  the  result 


of  no  imported  human  agency,  but  of  the  special 
power  of  the  divine  Spirit  upon  the  prayers  and 
labors  of  pastor  and  people.  This  required  a  larger 
edifice  in  1812;  and  in  1827  it  rendered  necessary 
the  sending  forth  of  two  colonies  as  churches,  one 
locating  at  Cortland  and  the  other  at  McGrawville. 
He  rendered  much  service  as  a  missionary  in  the 
"  Holland  Purchase,"  and  in  Tioga,  Steuben,  and 
Allegany  Counties.  He  was  one  of  the  most  in 
defatigable  and  successful  workers  that  ever  toiled 
for  Jesus  in  the  Empire  State.  There  was  no 
benevolent  or  Christian  cause  that  appealed  to  his 
heart  or  purse  in  vain.  In  1832  he  resigned  his 
pastorate  to  accept  an  agency  from  the  Executive 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  to  plead  the  cause  of 
the  perishing  heathen  in  the  churches.  To  this 
cause  he  devoted  all  his  energies  and  the  rest  of 
his  days;  and  the  Lord  greatly  blessed  his  public 
and  private  appeals.  lie  died  May  10,  1851.  in  pos 
session  of  perfect  peace. 

Mr.  Bennett  \vas  a  man  of  great  benevolence  :  be 
bad  superior  mental  powers;  he  was  an  effective 
speaker;  he  was  a  holy  man;  the  Crucified  was 
everything  in  his  heart  and  in  his  ministry  ;  he 
was  the  best-known  minister  in  several  counties, 
and  the  love  with  which  he  was  regarded  was  in 
tense  enough  to  hand  down  his  memory  with  rever 
ence  to  several  succeeding  generations. 

Bentley,  Rev.  William,  son  of  Thomas  and 
Abigail  Bentley  ;  born  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  March 
3,  1775;  on  the  capture  of  the  city  by  the  British 
in  1777  removed  with  his  parents  to  Providence, 
R.  I.  ;  at  the  age  of  fourteen  went  to  Boston  ; 
joined  the  First  Baptist  church,  under  Dr.  Samuel 
Stillman,  June  5,  1791  ;  transferred  his  member 
ship  to  the  Second  Baptist  church,  under  Dr. 
Thomas  Baldwin  ;  was  induced  to  give  himself  to 
the  ministry  ;  commenced  preaching  in  1800  ;  or 
dained  at  Salem,  Mass.,  Oct.  9,  1807;  settled  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Tiverton.  R.  I.  ;  in 
1812  removed  to  Worcester,  Mass.,  and  became 
pastor  of  a  church  which  he  had  instrumental!}' 
established;  in  1815  settled  as  pastor  in  Wethers- 
field,  Conn.,  and  labored  with  great  success  for  six- 
years  :  afterwards  labored  with  marked  efficiency 
and  power  as  an  itinerant  and  missionary  in  dif 
ferent  parts  of  Connecticut ;  was  distinguished  for 
tenderness,  devotion,  purity,  boldness,  energy,  and 
faithfulness;  died  Dec.  24,  1855,  greatly  beloved 
and  lamented. 

Bently,  Rev.  Samuel  N.,  was  born  in  1822.  in 
Stewiack,  Nova  Scotia,  and  joined  the  Baptist 
church  there  when  quite  young.  He  studied  at 
Acadia  College  and  at  Newton  Theological  Semi 
nary.  '  He  was  ordained  at  Liverpool.  Nova  Scotia, 
Nov.  23,  1851,  and  became  pastor  of  North  church, 
Halifax,  in  1856.  He  was  secretary  of  the  Baptist 
Home  Missionary  Board.  He  died  Nov.  28,  1859. 


BERNARD 


97 


BETHKL 


Bernard,  James  C. — Mr.  Bernard  was  born 
in  Logan  Co.,  Ky.,  in  1807.  He  was  converted 
in  1833,  and  baptized  by  Key.  Robert  Anderson. 
The  next  year  he  removed  with  his  family  to 
Quincy,  111.  At  that  time  there  was  no  Baptist 
church  in  Quincy.  In  1S.">;">  he  removed  to  the 
then  new  settlement  of  Payson,  and  united  with 
the  little  Baptist  church  which  had  recently  been 
organized  there.  He  returned  to  Quincy  in  1843, 
and  united  with  the  First  Baptist  church  in  that 
citv.  Soon  after  that  he  was  elected  to  the  of 
fice  of  county  clerk  for  Adams  County,  and  at  the 
expiration  of  his  term  was  re-elected.  He  served 
the  First  church  for  a  number  of  years  as  deacon, 
and  also  as  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school. 
When  the  Vermont  Street  church  was  organized, 
he  with  his  family  went  into  the  new  organization, 
and  his  time,  energy,  and  means  were  bestowed 
without  stint  in  sustaining  that  new  interest.  Here 
also  lie  was  chosen  deacon  and  superintendent,  in 
both  of  which  offices  he  continued  to  labor  effici 
ently  until  his  removal  to  Chillicothe,  Mo.,  in  1865. 
In  1871  he  returned  to  Quincy  in  failing  health, 
and  at  the  prayer-meeting,  just  at  the  close  of  a 
few  remarks,  lie  was  stricken  with  paralysis,  and 
fell  into  the  arms  of  some  of  the  brethren  who 
happened  to  be  near  him.  lie  lingered  for  two 
years,  a  helpless  invalid,  before  the  release  of  death 
came.  For  a  number  of  years  in  succession  he 
had  been  either  moderator  or  corresponding  secre 
tary  of  the  Quincy  Association,  and  was,  until  his 
health  so  completely  failed,  active  and  useful  in 
various  conspicuous  positions. 

Berry,  Hon.  Joel  H.,  an  eminent  Baptist  dea 
con,  who  died  at  Baldwyn,  Miss.,  in  1874,  was  born 
in  South  Carolina  in  1808  :  served  four  years  in  the 
Legislature  of  his  native  State  ;  removed  to  Tippah 
Co.,  Miss.,  in  184.'!  ;  was  four  years  in  the  Missis 
sippi  Legislature  and  eight  years  in  the  State  Sen 
ate.  As  a  Christian  he  was  abundant  in  every 
good  word  and  work,  giving  a  consistent  example 
and  active  personal  labors,  and  contributing  largely 
but  unostentatiously  of  his  ample  means  to  the 
cause  of  God. 

Bethel  College  is  located  at  Ilu<scllvillc,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  and  Memphis  Railroad.  143  miles 
southwest  from  Louisville.  It  was  projected  by 
Bethel  Baptist  Association  in  1849.  The  main 
college  buildingwas  erected,  and  a  high  school  was 
opened  in  it,  under  the  management  of  B.  T.  Blewett, 
A.M.,. Tan.  3,  1854.  In  1856  a  new  charter  was  se 
cured,  and  the  institution  entered  upon  its  career  as 
a  college,  under  the  presidency  of  Mr.  Blewett,  in  the 
fall  of  1856.  The  institution  was  prosperous  until 
the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war.  In  1861-62  the 
buildings  were  used  for  a  hospital.  In  1863  the 
college  was  reopened  under  the  presidency  of  Rev. 
George  Hunt.  On  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Hunt,  in 


1864,  J.  W.  Rust,  A.M.,  was  elected  president. 
Under  his  management  the  institution  continued  to 
gain  strength,  until  he  was  compelled  by  impaired 
health  to  resign,  in  February,  1868.  He  was  suc 
ceeded  by  Noah  K.  Davis,  LL.D.  In  1872  the 


HON.    JOEL    H.    BERRY. 

president's  house  was  built,  at  a  cost  of  $7000.  In 
1873,  Dr.  Davis  resigned  to  take  the  chair  of  Moral 
Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  the 
discipline  of  the  college  was  committed  to  Prof. 
Leslie  Waggener.  as  chairman  of  the  faculty.  In 
1876-77  the  northern  long  hall  was  built,  at  a  cost 
of  820.000,  "  to  furnish  board  to  students  at  re 
duced  rates."  In  1877,  Prof.  Leslie  Waggener  was 
elected  president,  and  is  still  in  that  office. 

Since  the  war  Bethel  College  has  steadily  pros 
pered,  and  is  now  one  of  the  most  flourishing  insti 
tutions  of  learning  in  the  West.  The  faculty 
numbers  5  professors  and  2  tutors,  and  the  cata 
logue  of  1876-77  shows  the  attendance  of  127  stu 
dents.  The  college  has  an  endowment  in  stocks, 
bonds,  and  real  estate  estimated  at  $100,000,  besides 
the  college  ground  and  buildings. 

Bethel  Female  College  is  located  in  Hopkins- 

ville,  Ky.  It  was  erected  under  the  auspices  of 
Bethel  Baptist  Association  for  the  higher  educa 
tion  of  women,  and  was  chartered  in  1854.  The 
buildings  cost  about  $30.000.  Prof.  J.  W.  Rust  is 
and  has  been  for  several  years  past  the  president 
of  this  flourishing  institution. 

The  average;  number  of  students  is  about  100. 
The  management  and  discipline  of  the  college  are 
excellent,  and  few  schools  in  the  country  offer  bet 
ter  facilities  for  the  education  of  vounjj;  ladies. 


man 


98 


BIHLK 


Bibb,  Rev.  Martin,  was  born  in  Amherst  Co.. 
Va.,  Aug.  19,  1824,  and  in  ISl'O  his  father,  with 
his  family,  located  at  what  is  now  Sewell  Depot, 
on  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railroad,  in  West, 
Virginia,  lie  united  with  the  church  in  his  twen 
tieth  year,  and  very  soon  began  to  speak  in  prayer- 
meetings  and  to  superintend  a  Sunday-school  ;  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1S49.  Acted  as  colporteur 
of  the  American  Tract  Society  until  lS."iJ,  when 
lie  was  ordained  and  took  charge  of  churches. 
lie  was  pastor  of  churches  in  Fayette,  Nicholas, 
and  Kanawha  Counties  until  1861,  when  ho  re 
moved  to  Giles  Co..  Va.  In  18»>5  he  returned  to 
his  home  and  resumed  his  work  with  his  churches, 
but  after  a  brief  period  moved  to  Monroe  County, 
remaining  five  years.  He  now  resides  in  Ilinton. 
on  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Railroad,  and  devotes 
all  his  time  to  the  Ilinton  church.  lie  has  acted 


cognates  had  been  rendered  by  words  signifying 
»"  immerse/'  ''immersion,"  etc.  The  English  trans 
lation  had  been  made  the  standard  to  which  all 
other  translations  should  conform  and  not  the  in 
spired  originals,  and  tin;  founders  of  the  Union  felt 
compelled  by  consistency  to  demand  that  on  the 
principle  of  fidelity  translations  in  all  languages 
should  be  conformed  to  the  Hebrew  and  Greek 
texts.  Hence  the  constitution  of  the  Union  defines 
its  purpose  thus:  "To  procure  and  circulate  the 
most  faithful  versions  of  the  Sacred  Scriptures  in 
all  languages  throughout  the  world.''  Under  this 
broad  provision  it  selected  ripe  scholars  from  nine 
different  Christian  denominations  in  Europe  and 
America,  to  whom  it  committed  the  revision  of  the 
English  Bible.  This  was  the  first  organized  at 
tempt  ever  made  to  apply  the  accumulated  fruits 
of  Biblical  scholarship,  since  Idll.  to  a  revision 


Kh'lllEL    COLLEGE,   RUSSELLVILLE,   KV. 


as  clerk  of  Associations  for  about  twenty  years, 
and  has  frequently  written  for  the  press.  During 
his  ministry  he  has  baptized  about  1000  persons 
and  has  preached  a  large  number  of  sermons. 
Many  of  his  positions  have  required  hard  work 
and  self-denial,  and  he  has  had  gracious  evidences 
of  the  divine  blessing. 

Bible  Union,  The  American,  was  formed  in 
New  York,  June  10,  1850,  by  a  number  of  indi 
viduals,  chiefly  Baptists,  who  had  co-operated  with 
the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  until  it 
decided  that  it  was  not  its  duty  to  revise  the  com 
mon  English  Bible,  nor  to  procure  such  a  revision 
from  others  ;  and  so  would  confine  its  circulation 
in  that  tongue  to  that  version.  The  Baptists  of 
America  had  withdrawn  from  the  American  Bible 
Society  because  it  refused  aid  to  the  Bengalee  and 
Burmese  translations,  made  by  Baptist  mission 
aries,  in  which  the  Greek  term  fiaTcrifu  and  its 


of  the  English  Bible  for  the  benefit  of  the  un 
learned  reader,  and  it  met  with  the  most  deter 
mined  resistance.  But  in  an  unswerving  adherence 
to  a  divine  principle  the  attempt  was  pushed,  be 
lieving  that  both  ignorance  and  prejudice  must 
yield  at  last  to  the  demands  of  true  scholarship.  No 
expense  was  spared  to  secure  the  oldest  translations 
of  the  Bible,  copies  of  the  ancient  manuscripts,  and 
other  aids  for  making  the  revisions  and  translations 
as  perfect  as  possible.  Nor  were  the  scholars  em 
ployed  restricted  as  to  time  and  free  conference. 
The  New  Testament  passed  through  three  thorough 
revisions,  the  first  covering  a  period  of  eight  years, 
the  second  four,  and  the  third  more  than  two. 

The  following  are  the  rules  for  the  government 
of  the  scholars  employed  by  the  Union  in  revising 
the  English  New  Testament,  namely  : 

"  The  received  Greek  text,  critically  edited,  with 
known  errors  corrected,  must  be  followed. 


BICKEL 


99 


"The  common  English  version  must  be  the 
basis  of  revision,  and  only  such  alterations  must 
be  made  as  the  exact  meaning  of  the  text  and  the 
existing  state  of  the  language  may  require. 

"  The  exact  meaning  of  the  inspired  text,  as 
that  text  expressed  it  to  those  who  understood  the 
original  Scriptures  at  the  time  they  were  first  writ 
ten,  must  be  given  in  corresponding  words  and 
phrases,  so  far  as  they  can  be  found  in  the  English 
language,  with  the  least  possible  obscurity  or  in- 
definiteness.'' 

Under  the  operation  of  these  rules  not  only  the 
English,  but  the  Spanish  and  Italian  New  Testa 
ments  have  been  revised.  And  the  same  general 
principles  have  been  applied  in  revising  the  Eng 
lish  Old  Testament,  that  is.  the  books  of  Genesis, 
Exodus.  Joshua.  Ruth,  1  and  2  Samuel.  1  and  2 
Kings.  1  and  2  Chronicles,  Job,  Psalms,  Proverbs, 
etc.,  and  also  in  the  new  translations  of  the  New 
Testament  into  the  Chinese  character  and  the 
Ningpo  colloquial.  In  these  forms  the  Union  has 
circulated  over  a  million  copies  of  the  Scriptures, 
and  although  at  present  its  work  has  been  largely 
suspended  for  want  of  necessary  funds,  it  has  cre- 
ated  such  a  demand  for  a  corrected  English  Bible 
as  now  takes  hold  of  the  public  mind,  and  cannot 
be  relaxed  till  this  aim  is  accomplished  in  harmony 
with  the  real  wants  of  the  age. 

Bickel,  Rev.  Dr.  P.  W.,  was  born  in  Weinheim, 
grand  duchy  of  Baden,  Germany.  Sept.  7,  182'J. 
In  his  youth  he  received  a  thorough  training  in 
the  dead  languages  in  the  Bender  Classical  Insti 
tute  of  his  native  place,  where  he  studied  for  six 
years.  An  enthusiastic?  adherent  of  liberal  politi 
cal  views,  he  became  involved  in  the  struggle  .in 
Baden  in  1848.  The  revolution  being  overthrown. 
Mr.  Bickel  left  his  native  land  and  came  to  America, 
spending  the  first  years  of  his  sojourn  as  a  printer, 
and  engaging  also  to  some  extent  in  literary  efforts 
and  teaching.  At  that  time  he  was  a  confirmed 
infidel.  But  it  pleased  God  to  give  him  the  light 
of  heavenly  truth.  lie  was  converted  and  baptized 
into  the  membership  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Wau- 
kegaw,  "Wis.  Feeling  impelled  to  preach  the  faith 
which  he  had  formerly  attacked,  Mr.  Bickel  repaired 
to  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  where  he  graduated  from  the 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary  in  1855.  Even 
while  he  was  a  theological  student  his  ability  as  a 
talented  writer  manifested  itself.  His  first  field  of 
labor  was  Cincinnati,  0.,  where,  among  a  German 
population  of  formalists  and  avowed  skeptics,  he 
succeeded  in  gathering  a  warm,  loving  German 
church.  lie  labored  as  German  city  missionary  in 
Cincinnati,  0.,  from  1855  to  1857;  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  German  church  formed  through  his 
labors  in  September,  1857,  and  continued  his  pas 
torate  with  increasing  success  from  1857  to  1865. 
During  a  large  portion  of  his  pastorate  he  was 


editor  of  the  monthly  periodical  of  the  Western 
German  Baptist  Conference,  and  of  a  Sunday-school 
paper,  superintending  at  the  same  time  the  publi 
cation  work  of  that  Conference.  In  1805  the  Ger 
man  Baptists  in  America  uniting  in  a  Triennial 
Conference  appointed  Mr.  Biekel  secretary  of  the 
newly-formed  German  Publication  Society,  and 
editor  of  its  weekly  periodicals.  This  position  he 
filled  ably,  wielding  a  facile  pen  and  showing  great 
practical  talent  in  furthering  the  publication  work. 
As  a  recognition  of  his  various  and  eminent  ser 
vices  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinitv  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  Granville  College.  Ohio.  In  1878, 
Dr.  Bickel  was  selected  by  the  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society,  and  by  the  Baptists  in  Ger 
many,  to  establish  and  superintend  a  Baptist  pub 
lication  work  in  Germany.  Dr.  Bickel  is  now 
performing  these  duties  in  Hamburg,  and  editing 
at  the  same  time  the  new  weekly  Baptist  paper 
issued  in  Germany.  The  work  is  in  a  verv  pros 
perous  condition.  Dr.  Bickel  is  an  excellent  writer, 
a  good  poet,  a  man  of  high  culture,  gifted  with 
great  practical  talent,  one  of  the  most  useful  of  the 
German  Baptist  ministers,  a  man  whose  life  ;md 
work  will  prove  a  lasting  blessing  to  German  Bap 
tists  in  Europe  and  America. 

Biddle,  Rev.  William  P.,  was  born  in  Princess 
Anne  Co..  Va..  Jan.  8,  17*7.  Mr.  Biddle  began  to 
preach  early  in  life,  and  coming  to  North  Carolina, 
married,  in  February.  1810,  Mary  N.,  the  daughter 
of  Gen.  Samuel  Simpson.  lie  was  present  at  the 
formation  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  in  1SIU), 
as  was  also  his  son,  Col.  II.  S.  Biddle,  and  was  until 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  Newberne,  Aug.  8, 
1853,  thoroughly  identified  with  all  the  enterprises 
of  the  denomination.  Being  a  man  of  large  wealth 
he  preached  gratuitously,  and  thus,  as  he  drew 
near  the  close  of  his  life,  did  a  serious  injury  to 
the  churches  to  which  he  ministered.  lie  was  emi 
nent  for  a  devout  spirit,  a  godly  walk,  and  a  large 
measure  of  usefulness  in  his  day. 

BiggS,  Rev.  David,  was  born  in  Camden  Co., 
N.  C.,  in  1763.  lie  commenced  preaching  when 
thirty  years  of  age.  He  removed  to  Virginia  in 
1792,  and  was  pastor  eighteen  years  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Portsmouth.  In  1810  he  removed  to 
Kentucky,  and  took  charge  of  Georgetown,  Bethle 
hem,  and  Silas  churches,  in  Bourbon  County.  In 
1820  he  came  to  Missouri,  and  settled  in  Pike 
County,  and  preached  to  Mount  Pleasant,  Ramsey 
Creek,  and  Bethlehem  churches,  and  organized  the 
Noix  Creek  church.  He  labored  with  marked  suc 
cess  for  fifty  years,  and  the  prosperity  of  the  de 
nomination  in  Northeast  Missouri  is  largely  due  to 
his  ministry,  He  died  Aug.  1,  1845,  in  his  eighty- 
third  year. 

Biggs,  Deacon  Noah,  is  one  of  the  most  liberal 
and  useful  laymen  of  North  Carolina,  a  merchant 


BIGOTRY 


100 


B1XNEY 


of  Scotland  Neck,  a  trustee  of  Wake  Forest  Col 
lege,  and  a  lover  of  all  good  men  and  good  works. 
He  was  born  in  Martin  Co.,  N.  C.,  in  1842,  and  was 
baptized  in  1S7G. 

Bigotry,  Baptist.— The  Baptists  regard  every 
man   as   a  Christian   who    truly  repents   and  who 
puts  his  entire  trust  in  the  atoning  merits  of  Jesus 
for  the  salvation   of  his  soul.     They  believe  that 
such  a  regenerated  man  will  enter  heaven  from  the 
membership  of  any  church,  evangelical  or  hetero 
dox,  or  even    from   the   great  world  outside  of  all 
churches.     They  think  that  such  children  of  God 
should    show  their   love   to  Jesus   by  keeping  his 
commandments  :    but  whether  they  are  immersed 
or  not.  it  is  the  firm  conviction  of  all  Baptists  that 
the  entire  earthly  regenerated   family  of  Jesus,  of 
all  names,  will  be  saved  in  glory.     They  love  all 
the    true    followers    of  Jesus  wherever    they    find 
them,  from  Pascal,  the  Catholic,  to  William  Penn, 
the  Quaker.     This  love  is  a  great  reality  ;  and  it  is 
quite  as   strong  as  the  love  of  a  Methodist  for  a 
Presbyterian,  or  of  a  Presbyterian  for  an  Evangel 
ical  Episcopalian,  or  of  a  Dutch  for  a  German  He- 
formed.     Nay,  we  think  it  quite  as  potent  as  the 
affection  which  a  Reformed  (Covenanter)   Presby 
terian  bears  to  the  great  Presbyterian  body  of  this 
country,  or   which    a   follower    of   Dr.  Henry  A. 
Boardman,  or  of  Albert   Barnes,  bears  to  the  re 
ligious  descendants  of  the  grand  men  who  framed 
and  adopted  the  "  Solomon  League  and  Covenant." 
The  writer  has  extensive  knowledge  of  the  charity 
of  Pedobaptists  for  Baptists,  and  he  gives  it  as  his 
deliberate  conviction  that  Baptist  charity  for  godly 
persons  who  are  not  in  their  own  fold  is  very  largely 
in  excess  of  the  love  which  our  Pedobaptist  brethren 
cherish  for  us.     If  there  was  a  standard  by  which 
charity  could  be  measured,  we  should,  without  hesi 
tation  or  delay,  submit  Baptist    and    Pedobaptist 
love  for  each  other  to  its  decision  without  any  doubt 
about  the  result.     And  if  it  be  objected  that  we  do 
not  admit  unimmersed  Pedobaptists  to  the  Lord's 
table,  we  reply  that  the  exclusion    springs   from 
no  want  of  charity,  for  we  do  not  bring  our  own 
unbaptized  converts  to  the  Lord's  table,  whom  we 
love  with  the  warmest  affection.     Baptism,  as  Bap 
tists  and  nearly  all  Pedobaptists  view  it,  is  a  pre 
requisite  to  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  heaven-revealed 
charitv  does  riot  require  or  permit  the  sacrifice  of 
heaven-revealed    truth.       No    charity    requires    a 
Calvinist  to  give  up  his  inspired  creed  to  please  an 
Arminian  ;  no  oharity  demands  from  a  Democratic 
Republican  the  surrender  of  his  just  political  prin 
ciples  to  gratify  a  monarchist-;  and  if  charity  re 
quires  a  Baptist   not.  only  to  give  his  love  to  an 
unbaptized  Christian,  but  to   surrender  his  Bible 
baptism  to  please  the  prejudices  of  his  believing 
Pedobaptist  brother,  it  is  not  in  harmony  with  his 
teachings  who  says.  "  Buy  the   truth   and   sell   it 


not,''  "Hold  fast  the  form  of  sound  words  which 
thou  hast  heard  of  me  in  faith  and  love,  which  is 
in  Christ  Jesus."  Our  motto  about  charity  is, 
"  Love  for  Christians  and  all  mankind,  and  supreme 
love  for  God  and  his  truth."  This  is  Baptist 
bigotry. 

Bill,  Hon.  Caleb  R.,  brother  of  Rev.  Ingram  E. 
Bill,  and  a  member  of  Billtown  Baptist  church. 
Nova  Scotia  ;  became  wealthy  by  careful  attention 
to  business.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Nova  Scotia 
Parliament  for  several  years,  and  at  confederation 
became  a  member  of  the  Senate  of  Canada,  and  so 
continued  till  his  death,  in  1872.  Senator  Bill  left 
a  handsome  bequest  to  the  Foreign  Missionary 
Board  of  the  Maritime  Provinces. 

Bill,  Rev.  Ingram  E.,  was  born  in  Cornwallis. 
Nova  Scotia,  where  he  was  converted,  and  joined 
the  Cornwallis  Baptist  church  ;  ordained  at  Nic- 
taux,  March  3,  1829  ;  became  pastor  of  the  Bap 
tist  church  at  Frcdericton,  New  Brunswick,  in 
1841.  In  1S42  he  resumed  the  pastorate  at  Nic- 
taux.  In  1852  he  became  pastor  of  Germain 
Street  Baptist  church,  St.  Johns,  New  Brunswick. 
Subsequently  he  became  editor  of  the  Christian 
Vi.si/or,  and  so  continued  for  over  twenty  years. 
Mr.  Bill  is  now  the  useful  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church,  St.  Martins,  New  Brunswick. 

Bingham,  Rev.  Abel.— In  1828,  this  brother 
having  been  a  preacher  among  the  Tonawanda  In 
dians,  was  sent  from  Western  New  York  to  es 
tablish  a  mission  among  the  Indians  at  Sault  Ste. 
Marie.  At  this  post  he  labored  steadily  for  twenty- 
five  years,  being  useful  with  the  soldiers  there  sta 
tioned,  as  well  as  in  his  own  work.  Amid  many 
discouragements  his  patient  continuance  stood  him" 
in  good  stead.  When  the  scattering  of  the  tribes 
made  it  necessary  to  abandon  the  mission,  he  re 
tired  to  the  society  of  his  children  at  Grand  Rapids, 
and,  through  a  serene  and  loved  old  age,  passed  to 
his  rest  in  1865. 

Binney,  Joseph  Getchell,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  Dec.  1,  1807,  and  was  educated  at 
Yale  College  and  Newton  Theological  Seminary. 
He  was  ordained  at  West  Boylston,  Mass.,  in  1832, 
and  settled  at  Savannah,  Ga.,  where  his  ministry 
was  remarkably  successful.  His  congregation  was 
large  and  intelligent,  and  grew  rapidly  in  number 
and  efficiency.  Their  interest  in  foreign  missions 
was  especially  marked,  and  large  contributions 
were  regularly  given  to  the  cause.  In  1843  the 
acting  board  of  the  Triennial  Convention  urged 
him  to  engage  in  the  foreign  missionary  work,  and 
also  "  to  establish  and  conduct  a  school  for  the 
training  of  a  native  ministry  among  the  Karens." 
He  was  also  requested  to  unite  with  his  missionary 
associates  in  inaugurating  a  system  of  general  ed 
ucation  for  the  Karens,  then  but  recently  known, 
but  who  had  received  the  gospel  with  great  alac- 


BINNEY 


101 


BISHOP 


rity.  A  school  was  opened  by  Dr.  Binney  in  Maul- 
main,  May,  1845,  with  13  adult  pupils,  all  converts 
from  heathenism,  and  who  had  already  been  quite 
useful  in  making  known  to  their  countrymen,  as 
best  they  could,  the  gospel  truth.  At  first  instruc 
tion  in  the  Bible  only  was  given,  but  afterwards  in 
arithmetic,  geography,  and  astronomy.  The  school 
increased  each  year  in  numbers  and  efficiency,  and 
quite  an  advance  was  made  in  the  grade  of  the 
studies.  At  the  end  of  five  most  encouraging 
years,  the  health  of  Mrs.  Binney,  who  had  taken 
an  active  part  in  teaching,  failed,  and  l)r.  Binney 
and  she  were  obliged  to  return  to  America.  The 
school  became  almost  extinct  during  the  three  en 
suing  years,  as  but  little  time  could  be  devoted  to  it 
by  the  brethren  who  were  actively  engaged  in  mis 
sionary  work.  After  Dr.  Binney's  return  to  this 
country,  in  1853,  he  was  engaged  for  a  while  as 
pastor  at  Elmira,  N.  Y.,  and  subsequently  at  Au-  ; 
gusta,  Ga.  In  1855  he  was  invited  to  accept  the 
presidency  of  the  Columbian  College,  which  he  did, 
remaining  in  that  position  only  three  years,  yet 
long  enough  to  give  an  influence  to  its  methods  of 
instruction  and  discipline  which  it  still  feels.  An 
urgent  call  from  his  missionary  associates  in  Bur- 
mah,  and  importunate  solicitation  on  the  part  of 
prominent  brethren  in  this  country  upon  Dr.  Bin 
ney  to  return  and  resume  his  labors  of  instruction 
in  the  Karen  Seminary,  induced  him,  in  1858,  to 
resign  the  presidency  of  the  college  and  to  enter 
again  on  the  work  for  which  he  was  so  admirably 
fitted,  and  which  lay  so  near  his  heart.  He  sailed 
for  Burmah  in  185'.).  at  which  time  the  seminary 
was  removed  from  Maulmain  to  Rangoon,  the  new 
capital  of  British  Burmah.  The  seminary  opened 
with  80  pupils,  and  for  a  while  the  whole  labor  of 
conducting  it,  with  much  additional  work  of  preach 
ing,  translating,  and  publishing,  fell  upon  Dr.  Bin 
ney,  assisted  by  his  faithful  wife.  From  this  time 
nntil  1876  the  seminary  was  blessed  with  an  unin 
terrupted  career  of  prosperity  and  usefulness.  A 
literary  department  was  added  to  it,  buildings 
erected,  text-books  printed,  treatises  on  anatomy, 
physiology,  and  hygiene,  a  manual  of  theology, 
and  manuscript  works  on  mental  and  moral  science 
prepared.  His  onerous  labors  during  this  pro 
tracted  period  greatly  impaired  the  health  of  Dr. 
Binney,  and  in  November,  1875,  being  entirely 
prostrated  in  health,  he  was  obliged  to  leave  the 
seminary  in  the  care  of  the  Rev.  Sau  Tay  and  return 
to  America.  After  a  brief  sojourn  in  this  country, 
with  health  somewhat  improved,  he  sailed  again  for 
Burmah  in  the  fall  of  1877,  being  accompanied  by 
Mrs.  Binney,  but  he  died  upon  the  voyage,  Novem 
ber  26,  and  was  buried  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  His 
work  in  Asia  will  be  his  enduring  monument. 
More  than  3(K)  Karen  ministers  were  educated  by 
him,  and  they  have  accomplished  an  amount  of 


good  among  their  countrymen  which  no  man  can 
measure.  As  a  thinker,  Dr.  Binney  had  a  clear, 
incisive,  analytic,  and  unusually  logical  mind.  As 
a  preacher,  he  was  impressive,  dignified,  and  in 
structive.  As  a  teacher,  he  stimulated  the  dullest 
into  quickness  and  accuracy  of  thought  ;  while,  as 
a  man,  there  was  a  humility,  sincerity,  trust,  and 
oneness  of  purpose  in  all  his  acts  that  stamped  him 
as  one  of  the  very  best  of  the  good  ministers  of 
Christ, 

Birt,  Caleb  Evans,  son  of  the  Rev.  Isaiah  Birt, 
was  born  at  Devonport,  England,  on  March  11, 
1795.  In  his  seventeenth  year  he  entered  Cam 
bridge  University  with  a  view  of  studying  for  the 
bar.  His  conscience  was  aroused  and  agitated  by 
the  prospective  necessity  of  signing  the  articles  of 
the  Church  of  England.  The  conflict  of  mind 
ended  in  his  abandonment  of  the  plan  of  life  he 
had  cherished,  and  he  determined  to  devote  him 
self  to  the  ministry  of  the  gospel  among  his  own 
people,  the  Baptists.  lie  was  baptized  by  his 
brother,  the  Rev.  John  Birt,  then  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Hull,  and  made  his  first  pulpit 
efforts  in  that  neighborhood.  Soon  after  he  was 
entered  at  Bristol  College  as  a  ministerial  student, 
whence  he  proceeded  to  Edinburgh  University.  At 
the  close  of  his  studies,  in  1816,  he  was  invited  to 
become  pastor  of  a  church  in  Derby,  and  was  or 
dained  in  the  following  year.  After  ten  yeai's' 
labor  in  Derby  he  removed  to  Portsea.  where  he 
labored  until  1837,  when  he  was  invited  to  Broad- 
mead  church,  Bristol.  In  1844  he  removed  to 
Wantage,  and  held  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  church 
thero  until  his  death,  Dec.  13,  1854,  aged  sixty 
years.  His  high  character  and  fervent  piety, 
together  with  the  advantages  of  a  liberal  education, 
qualified  him  for  eminent  usefulness.  In  Portsea 
particularly  his  ministry  was  remarkably  success 
ful,  and  his  memory  is  affectionately  cherished 
throughout  the  community. 

Bishop,  Miss  Harriet  E.,  the  third  daughter 
of  Putnam  and  Miranda  Bishop,  was  born  in 
Panton,  Addison  Co.,  Vt.,  Jan.  1,  1818.  At 
thirteen  she  was  converted  and  baptized  by  Rev. 
John  A.  Dodge  in  Lake  Champlain,  and  for 
several  years  was  the  youngest  member  of  the 
church  in  her  native  town.  She  remained  a  mem 
ber  of  that  church  until  the  organization  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  St.  Paul.  Minn.  The  read 
ing  of  the  memoirs  of  Harriet  Newell  and  Ann 
II.  Judson  awoke  a  missionary  spirit  which  never 
slept.  Where  she  should  labor  was  a  subject  of 
serious  consideration  whilst  the  preparatory  work 
of  securing  an  education  was  going  on.  In  1840 
the  Board  of  National  Popular  Education  called 
for  its  first  class  of  female  Christian  teachers  for 
destitute  portions  of  the  West.  She  entered  this 
open  door,  and  at  once  commenced  her  life-work. 


BISHOP 


102 


BISHOP 


July  13,  1S47,  the  teacher  arrived  at  a  govern- 
inont  Indian  trading  town  having  the  nut-lassie 
name  of  '*  Pig's  Eye."  A  few  rude  homes  stood 
on  the  bluff,  but  there  was  not  a  Christian  man  or 
woman  in  one  of  them.  Here  the  queenly  city  of 
St.  Paul  now  nourishes.  There  was  no  meeting- 
or  school-house  within  f>00  miles.  About  two 
weeks  after  Miss  Bishop  arrived  she  orga.niy.ed  a 
Sundav-school  which  is  a  mighty  power;  atprisrnt 
the  sclio"!  of  the  First  Baptist  church.  For  several 
months  she  labored  without  a  Christian  helper  in 
the  school.  At  the  close  of  the  year  a  part  of  her 
school  formed  the  nucleus  of  one  organized  by  the 
Methodists,  and  another  portion  for  one  organized 
by  the  Presbvterians  :  the  larger  number  of  scholars, 
however,  remained  in  the  original  school.  Mean 
while,  the  loir-cabin  school  had  grown  into  a  pio 
neer  seminary.  Though  the  only  Baptist  at  the 
Indian  trading-post  for  one  year,  she  ^ver  remained 
true  to  her  convictions  of  Bible  truth.  Feeble 
churches  have  been  strengthened  by  her  wise 
counsels.  Missions,  both  home  and  foreign,  have 
ever  been  cherished  and  efficiently  aided  by  her 
labors.  Noblv  has  she  advocated  the  temperance 
reformation,  visiting  prisons  and  the  homes  ol 
drunkards  to  rescue  them  from  hopeless  ruin. 
Though  now  in  the  evening  of  life,  heart  and 
hands  are  ever  busy  in  gospel  work. 

Bishop,  Hon.  Jesse  P.,  was  born  in  New  Haven, 
Vt..  -June  1,  LS15.  After  a  childhood  and  youth 
of  many  vicissitudes  and  much  toil,  he  removed  in 
!>:;<•>  to  Cleveland,  O.  In  1837  he  entered  the 
Senior  class  of  Western  Reserve  College,  graduating 
the  following  year.  In  ISM0-,  having  completed  his 
law  studies,  he  began  legal  practice  as  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  Card  &  .Bishop.  In  1856  he  was 
elected  to  the  Common  Pleas  judgeship  of  his 
county,  and  served  to  the  end  of  the  term  with 
great  satisfaction,  both  to  the  members  of  the  pro 
fession  and  to  the  public.  At  the  end  of  the  term 
he  declined  re-election,  and  resumed  the  practice 
of  law.  In  this  he  still  continues,  having  associated 
with  him  his  son  L.  J.  P.  Bishop,  and  Seymour  F. 
Adams. 

Judge  Bishop  has  led  a  very  busy  and  earnest 
life.  As  a  judge  he  was  accurate  and  discrimina 
ting  :  as  a  lawyer,  he  is  considered  one  of  the  most 
reliable  and  well  informed  in  the  city  of  Cleveland. 
lie  has  a  fine  memory  and  a  comprehensive  mind, 
and  is  seldom  mistaken  in  his  decision.  For  forty- 
five  years  he  has  been  an  honored  and  trusted  mem 
ber  of  the  First  church  of  Cleveland.  His  uniform 
courtesy,  his  tried  integrity,  his  sincere  and  unsel 
fish  friendship,  his  liberality,  and  his  blameless 
life,  have  attracted  to  him  universal  respect  and 
esteem. 

Bishop,  Nathan,  LL.D.,  was  born  at  Vernon, 
Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1808.  He  graduated  at 


Brown  University,  where  he  also  served  for  some 
time  as  tutor.  For  years  he  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  his  alma  mater,  and  afterwards  he  was* 
one  of  the  Fellows,  lie  was  a  superintendent  of 


NATHAN*    BISHOP,    LL.D. 

schools  in  Providence,  and  subsequently  for  some 
years  in  the  city  of  Boston  ;  while  in  the  latter  po 
sition  Harvard  University  showed  its  appreciation 
of  his  great  abilities  by  conferring  on  him  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

After  removing  to  Xew  York  City  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  the  governor  a  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Charities,  and  by  President  Grant  a 
member  of  the  United  States  Indian  Commission. 
He  has  served  for  years  on  the  Board  of  the  Amer 
ican  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  and  in  many 
similar  positions.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Finance 
Committee  of  the  American  Committee  of  Bible 
Revision.  He  served  for  two  years  as  correopond- 
inir  secretary  of  the  Baptist  Home  Missionary 
Society  without  compensation,  and  \vhen  he  re 
tired  from  the  office,  in  1876.  he  paid  its  entire 
indebtedness,  amounting  to  i?30.000. 

About  twenty-five  years  ago  he  married  the 
widow  of  Garrett  N.  Bleecker,  a  daughter  of  Deacon 
Ebenezer  Cauldwell,  of  New  York  City.  Dr.  and 
Mrs.  Bishop  for  many  years  have  given  princely 
contributions  to  all  the  great  benevolent  enter 
prises  of  the  Baptist  denomination. 

For  the  last  fifteen  years  he  was  a  member,  dea 
con,  and  trustee  of  the  Calvary  Baptist  church  of 
New  York.  He  was  specially  interested  in  the 
education  of  the  freedmen,  and  gave  liberally  for 


BITTING 


103 


BLYBY 


that  object.     He  died  at  Saratoga  Springs,  Aug.  7, 
1880. 

Tie  was  a  man  of  rare  talents,  benevolence,  and 
integrity.   lie  was  unostentatious,  earnest,  and  hum- 


tive  societies  in  the  State.  In  1872  he  was  chosen 
district  secretary  for  the  Southern  States  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society,  with  head 
quarters  at  Richmond.  Ya..  but  in  the  following 


ble.     The  world  seldom  has   the  death   of  such  a  '  year  he  became  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church 

man  as  Nathan  Bishop  to  lament.  '  in    that   city.     While   in    Richmond,  Dr.  Bitting's 

Bitting",  C.  C.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,      labors  were  manifold,  for  while   pressed  with   the 

Pa.,  March,  1830:  was  graduated  from  the  Central  ;  cares  of  a  large  congregation  he  was  also  acting  as 

statistical  secretary  of  the  Virginia  Baptist  General 
Association  and  chairman  of  the  Memorial  Com 
mittee  of  the  Virginia  Centennial  to  secure  an  en 
dowment  for  Richmond  College.  In  September, 
1876,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Franklin  Square 
Baptist  church.  Baltimore,  Md..  where  he  still  la 
bors  with  marked  success.  Dr.  Bitting  is  one  of  the 
most  popular  preachers  in  his  State.  He  is  studious 
in  his  pulpit  preparations,  and  earnest  and  eloquent 
in  his  preaching.  He  has  also  made  valuable  ad 
ditions  to  the  literature  of  the  denomination.  In 
1X74.  Dr.  Bitting  visited  Europe,  Palestine,  arid 
Egypt.  Furman  University  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 


,  Moses  H.,  D.D.,  was  born   in  Warren, 
Grai'ton  Co.,  N.  II.,  Aug.  '20,  1827.     He  became  a 


C.    C.     KITTING,     D.D. 

High  School  in  iXfiO;  baptized  at  the  age  of  seven 
teen  by  the  Rev.  J.  L.  Burrows.  D.D.,  and  united 
with  the  Broad  Street  Baptist  church.  After  having 
prosecuted  his  studies  at  Lewisburg  and  Madison 
Universities,  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  in  the 
Tennessee  Baptist  Female  College  at  Nashville,  and 
after  its  removal,  at  Murfreesborough,  Trim.  Hav 
ing  been  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  while 
here,  he  was  invited  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Mount 
Olivet  and  Hopeful  Baptist  churches,  in  Hanover 
Co.,  Ya.,  at  that  time  two  of  the  most  prominent 
county  churches  in  the  State  :  he  accepted  the  po 
sition,  and  after  a  period  of  the  most  successful 
labor  in  this  field,  he  was  chosen,  in  18~*9,  the  pas 
tor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Alexandria.  Ya.  In 
1806,  Dr.  Bitting  was  urged  to  accept  the  secretary 
ship  of  the  Sunday-School  Board  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention,  located  in  Greenville,  S.  C., 
which  he  did;  but  on  the  removal  of  the  board  to 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Lynchburg.  Ya.,  arid  removed  there  in 
May,  1868.  His  labors  here  were  eminently  suc 
cessful.  More  than  300  united  with  the  church  in 
that  place  during  his  pastorate  of  four  years,  and 
thus  it  became  one  of  the  strongest  and  most  effec- 


MOSES    II.    lilXBV,    D.D. 

hopeful  Christian  at  the  early  age  of  twelve,  and 
when  quite  young  had  his  thoughts  turned  to  the 
Christian  ministry.  After  ten  years  devoted  to 
study,  the  latter  part  of  the  period  being  spent  at 
a  college  in  Montreal,  he  was  ordained  in  Vermont 
in  1849.  During  the  next  threeyears — 1849-52 — he 
preached  in  Vermont,  where  his  labors  were  greatly 
blessed.  In  1852  he  was  appointed  by  the  Mission 
ary  Union  to  the  Burman  field,  and  continued  in 


BLACK 


BLACKWOOD 


service  for  about  four  years,  —  1X52-56, — at  the  end 
of  which  period  lie  returned  to  this  country,  on  ac 
count  of  what  proved  to  be  the  fatal  illness  of  his 
wife,  and  for  three  years  was  pastor  of  a  church  in 
Providence,  intending,  when  the  providence  of 
God  should  open  the  way,  to  return  to  Burmah. 
In  IS(H)  lie  once  more  entered  upon  his  missionary 
work,  devoting  himself  especially  to  the  Shuns, 
for  whose  spiritual  welfare  he  labored  for  eight 
successive  years, —  1861-69.  Worn  down  by  his  ex 
cessive  and  protracted  work,  he  again  returned  to 
his  native  land,  and  once  more  established  himself 
in  Providence,  K.  I.  Commencing  his  ministerial 
labors  in  a  destitute  but  growing  part  of  the  city, 
he  gathered  a  new  Baptist  church,  which  was  or- 
gani/ed  in  October,  1S70,  and  is  known  as  the 
"  Cranston  Street  church."  This  church  and  the 
Sunday-school  connected  with  it  have  had  a  re 
markable  growth,  and  in  point  of  numbers  rank 
with  the  largest  churches  and  Sunday-schools  in 
the  city.  Dartmouth  College,  in  1868,  conferred 
on  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts, 
find  the  Central  University  of  Iowa,  in  1875,  that  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Black,  Col.  J.  C.  C. — An  eminent  lawyer  of  Au 
gusta,  Ga.,  a  deacon  in  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
that  city,  and  a  trustee  of  Mercer  University. — a 
man  of  unquestionable  ability,  integrity,  and  de 
votion  to  principle,  and  a  refined,  social,  Christian 
gentleman.  He  was  born  in  Scott  Co.,  Ky.,  May  9, 
1842;  completed  his  college  course  at  Georgetown 
College,  Ky.,  in  1862;  entered  the  Confederate 
army  as  a  common  soldier,  under  Gen.  Morgan, 
und  was  promoted  to  be  colonel  of  his  regiment. 
In  1865  he  moved  to  Augusta,  Ga.,  entered  upon 
the  study  of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1866,  and  to-day  he  is  one  of  the  best  thinkers  and 
most  eloquent  pleaders  in  the  State. 

Mr.  Black  has  been  a  Sunday-school  superin 
tendent,  a  representative  in  the  Legislature  of  the 
State,  president  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  As 
sociation,  and  in  every  way  an  able,  earnest,  zeal 
ous  Christian  worker.  Of  a  charitable  disposition, 
he  is  pleasant  in  conversation,  popular  in  his  man 
ners,  stern  in  his  principles,  and  thoroughly  iden 
tified  with  the  Baptist  cause.  Honored  for  his 
abilities  and  beloved  for  his  generous  qualities,  he 
wields  great  moral  influence  in  the  community 
where  he  dwells. 

Blackall,  Christopher  R.,  M.D.— Dr.  Blackall 
is  known  chiefly  for  his  long  und  efficient  service 
in  connection  with  the  American  Baptist  Publica 
tion  Society. 

He  was  born  in  Albany.  N.  Y.,  in  1830.  He 
graduated  from  Rush  Medical  College,  of  Chicago, 
and  early  in  the  history  of  the  civil  war  was  com 
missioned  a  surgeon  of  the  33d  Infantry  Regiment, 
of  Wisconsin.  After  efficient  service  in  that  capa 


city,   he   resigned  and  was  honorably  discharged, 
and  he  settled  in  Chicago,  111. 

In  May,  I860,  he  accepted  an  appointment  as 
general  superintendent  of  the  Chicago  Sunday- 
School  Union,  and  a  year  later  was  appointed  dis 
trict  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Publica 
tion  Society  for  the  Xorthwest.  His  great  success 
in  managing  the  business  department  of  the  society 
committed  to  him,  and  of  promoting  the  Sunday 
school  work  on  that  extensive  field,  is  well  known. 

In  1879,  by  appointment  of  the  society,  he  was 
transferred  to  New  York,  and  assumed  the  man 
agement  of  its  branch  house  in  that  city. 

Dr.  Blackall  is  the  author  of  the  well-known 
charming  cantatas  "  Belshazzar"  and  "  Ruth." 
lie  has  also  largely  contributed  to  our  Sunday- 
school  literature.  Among  his  works  may  be  men 
tioned  "  Lessons  on  the  Lord's  Prayer/'  "  Our  Sun 
day-School  Work,  and  How  to  do  it."  "  Nellie's 
Work  for  Jesus,"  ''Gems  for  Little  Ones."  For 
eight  years  he  edited  Our  Little  Ones,  also  the 
"Bible  Lessons."  His  industry,  fidelity,  tact,  so 
cial  nature,  and  Christian  devotion  fit  him  for  the 
eminent  position  he  has  so  long  filled. 

Blackman,  Rev.  James  F.,  a  prominent 
preacher  of  the  Ouachita  region,  Louisiana,  a 
native  of  the  State,  was  born  in  1828,  and  brought 
up  to  the  occupation  of  a  printer  and  publisher. 
He  was  active  and  successful  in  the  ministry.  He 
died  Dec.  11,  1874. 

Blackwood,  Rev.  A.  D.,  was  born  in  Orange 
Co.,  N.  C.,  June  10,  1820;  bapti/ed  November, 
1838;  ordained  in  Alabama  in  December,  18-16: 
has  preached  3600  times,  and  baptized  1000  per 
sons  ;  was  much  blessed  in  pioneer  and  revival 
work,  and  was  moderator  of  Raleigh  Association  for 
eight  years.  He  is  now  pastor  at  Corey,  N.  C. 

Blackwood,  Rev.  Christopher,  was  born  in 
1606,  and  graduated  at  the  University  of  Cam 
bridge.  He  wras  rector  of  a  parish  in  Kent  at 
the  beginning  of  the  Parliamentary  war. 

In  1644  the  Rev.  Francis  Cornwell,  in  preaching 
a  sermon  at  Cranbrook,  in  Kent,  before  a  number 
of  ministers  and  others,  stated  that  infant  baptism 
was  an  anti-Christian  innovation,  a  human  tradi 
tion,  and  a  practice  for  which  there  was  neither 
precept,  example,  nor  true  deduction  from  the  Word 
of  God.  On  hearing  this  several  of  the  ministers 
were  greatly  startled  und  seriously  offended,  and 
ufter  service  they  agreed  to  examine  the  subject  and 
to  report  the  result  of  their  investigations  at  their 
conference  within  a  fortnight.  Mr.  Blackwood 
studied  the  subject  thoroughly,  and  felt  compelled 
to  renounce  infant  baptism  forever.  He  presented 
his  views  on  paper  to  the  brethren,  which  none  of 
them  pretended  to  answer  ;  and  he  subsequently 
published  them.  He  did  not  continue  long  in  the 
national  church  after  this  ;  for  he  disapproved  of 


BLAIN 


105 


BLEAKNEY 


an  established  church  as  much  as  he  disliked  in 
fant  baptism.  The  Presbyterians  wrote  against 
him  not  only  because  of  his  rejection  of  infant 
baptism,  but  because  of  his  advocacy  of  liberty  of 
conscience. 

He  gathered  a  Baptist  church  at  Spilshill,  near 
Staplehurst,  in  connection  with  Richard  Kings- 
worth,  and  labored  in  that  field  until  the  opposi 
tion  of  his  co-pastor  to  the  doctrine  of  personal 
election  led  him  to  retire  from  the  church.  Mr. 
Blackwood  received  the  whole  counsel  of  God,  and 
he  would  neither  hide  the  truth  nor  promote  dis 
cord. 

He  entered  the  army  as  a  chaplain  and  went  to 
Ireland,  probably  with  Gen.  Fleetwood  and  Lieut.- 
Gen.  Ludlow.  He  formed  a  Baptist  church  in 
Dublin,  which  grievously  offended  the  Pedobaptists 
of  that  city  :  and  of  this  church  he  was  the  pastor  for 
several  years.  The  Baptists  at  this  period  in  Ire 
land  were  quite  numerous,  and  they  held  impor 
tant  positions  in  the  English  army.  Mr.  Harrison, 
a  Pedobaptist,  writing  to  Thurloe,  Cromwell's  chief 
secretary,  says  of  Mr.  Blackwood,  ''  He  is  the  oracle 
of  the  Anabaptists  in  Ireland."  He  was  regarded 
as  "a  very  learned  man,"  better  acquainted  with 
the  early  Christian  fathers  than  most  men  in  his 
day.  He  was  the  author  of  several  valuable  works, 
which  were  very  popular,  and  which  rendered 
effective  service  to  the  cause  of  truth. 

Blain,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Fishkill,  X.  Y., 
Feb.  14,  1795;  converted  at  the  age  of  fifteen  ;  united 
with  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Albany,  under 
Rev.  Joshua  Bradley  ;  studied  for  the  ministry, 
and  began  preaching  in  1819  ;  served  various 
churches,  and  labored  as  an  evangelist  in  New 
York,  Connecticut,  Rhode  Island,  and  Massachu 
setts  ;  was  blessed  with  powerful  revivals ;  a  leader 
in  the  temperance  movement ;  baptized  about  3000 
persons  ;  preached  more  than  9500  sermons  ;  as 
sisted  in  nearly  100  revivals;  married  about  2000 
couples;  spoke  in  about  1000  different  places  ;  gave, 
while  living,  to  home  and  foreign  missions  more 
than  819.000,  and  left  his  property  to  missions  ;  had 
three  brothers,  who  were  also  preachers.  He  died 
in  Mansfield,  Dec.  26,  1879,  in  his  eighty-fifth  year  ; 
a  man  of  great  spiritual  might. 

Blake,  E.  Nelson.— Mr.  Blake,  at  present  the 
leading  partner  in  the  Dake  Bakery,  an  extensive 
and  prosperous  establishment  in  Chicago,  was  born 
in  1831,  at  West  Cambridge,  now  Arlington,  Mass. 
Changes  in  the  family,  caused  by  his  father's  death, 
interfered  with  his  studies  at  an  early  age,  and 
threw  upon  him  unusual  responsibilities.  His 
proficiency  at  school,  nevertheless,  was  such  that 
opportunities  to  begin  life  as  a  teacher  were  opened 
to  him.  Declining  these,  he  chose  a  business  life, 
removing  to  California  with  this  view  in  1850. 
Some  brilliant  openings  for  acquiring  a  large  for 


tune  were  offered  him.  but  a  pledge  to  his  family 
that  he  would  not  make  California  a  permanent 
home  compelled  him  to  decline  all  such,  and  he 
returned  East  in  1853.  Engaging  in  business  in 
Boston,  he  made  such  progress  that  in  18G9  he  was 
able,  in  company  with  others,  to  purchase  the 
Dake  Bakery  in  Chicago,  which  has  since  grown 
to  the  dimensions  of  the  largest  establishment  ol 
the  kind  in  this  country.  To  remarkable  business 
capacity  Mr.  Blake  unites  perfect  integrity,  and  at 
j  the  same  time  a  spirit  of  Christian  liberality  which 
prompts  him  to  use  his  largo  means  in  enterprises 
of  Christian  usefulness,  lie  was  converted  at  the 
age  of  nineteen,  and  uniting  with  a  Baptist  church, 
began  a  career  of  Christian  activity  in  various  de 
partments  of  church  work,  in  which  he  still  finds 
great  delight.  His  membership  is  now  with  the 
Second  church  in  Chicago.  As  a  trustee  of  the 
university  and  of  the  theological  seminary,  he  has 
rendered  important  service,  helping  both  institu 
tions  in  their  pecuniary  straits  with  a  free  and 
open  hand.  His  donations  to  the  seminary,  in 
particular,  are  believed  to  aggregate  more  than 
that  of  any  other  man. 

Blakewood,  Rev.  B.  W.,  LL.D.,  an  active  and 
zealous  worker  in  the  Louisiana  Association,  was 
born  in  South  Carolina,  and  is  about  fifty  years  of 
age.  After  a  literary  course  he  studied  medicine 
in  Philadelphia  and  New  York,  and  was  offered 
the  chair  of  Surgery  in  Oglethorpe  Medical  Col 
lege.  Subsequently  he  graduated  in  law  at  Har 
vard  University.  He  came  to  Louisiana  about  the 
year  1850  as  a  Baptist,  having  been  immersed  in 
Georgia  in  1849.  He  settled  on  Bayou  de  Glaise, 
and  became  an  active  promoter  of  the  cause  of  the 
Baptists.  He  has  filled  many  important  positions, 
— moderator  of  Louisiana  Association,  vice-presi 
dent  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention,  president  of 
the  State  Sunday-School  Convention,  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature.  A  few  years  ago  Dr.  Black- 
wood  was  ordained  to  the  ministry,  and  is  zeal 
ously  devoting  himself  to  the  work. 

Blanton,  Rev.  William  C.,  was  born  in  Frank 
lin  Co.,  Ky.,  Feb.  3,  1803.  He  was  baptized  into 
the  fellowship  of  the  Forks  of  Elkhorn  church  in 
1827,  and  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  1833.  After 
preaching  one  year  as  a  licentiate,  he  accepted  a 
call  to  the  pastoral  care  of  Lebanon  and  North 
Benson  churches.  With  these  churches  he  labored 
until  near  the  time  of  his  death.  At  different  pe 
riods  he  preached  as  supply  for  Pigeon  Fork,  Mount 
Pleasant,  Providence,  and  Buffalo  Lick  churches. 
His  great  zeal,  unaffected  piety,  and  the  ';  sweet 
simplicity"  of  his  preaching  won  the  hearts  of  the 
multitudes,  and  by  him  many  were  led  to  the  Sa 
viour.  He  died  at  his  home  in  his  native  countv, 
Aug.  21,  1845. 
Bleakney,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  New 


BLEDSOE 


106 


BLISS 


Brunswick,  and  ordained  in  1833.  He  was  pastor 
at  Norton,  Unhain,  Little  River,  and  Gondolon 
Point  churches.  His  labors  as  missionary  in  the 
northern  counties  and  other  parts  of  New  Bruns 
wick  were  highly  useful.  He  baptized  over  a 
thousand  converts,  lie  died  Dec.  14,  ISO  1.  Three 
of  his  sons— NV.  A.  -T.  Bleakney,  James  E. 
Bleakney,  and  J.  C.  Bleakney— are  useful  pastors 
in  Nova  Scotia. 

Bledsoe,  Hon.  Thomas  W.,  was  born  in  Green 
Co..  <  la.,  April  11,1811  ;  was  for  several  years  presid-  j 
ing  judge  of  the  Inferior  Court  of  Tolbert  Co.,  Ga. 
He  settled  as  a  planter  in  Louisiana  in  1845;  was 
four  years  moderator  of  Red  River  Association,  and 
eight  years  president  of  the  Louisiana  Baptist  Con 
vention.  Tie  died  in  1871. 

Bleecker,  Grarrat  Noel,  an  eminent  iron  mer 
chant  of  New  York  City,  was  born  in  New  York 
in  1815,  and  died  May  28,  1853.  His  father,  by 
the  same  name,  was  also  a  prominent  citizen,  and 
was  at  one  time  comptroller  of  New  York.  Father 
and  son  were  members  of  the  Oliver  Street  Baptist 
church,  and  from  the  commencement  to  the  close 
of  their  religious  life  the  personal  consecration  of 
each  seemed  complete.  The  son  joined  the  church 
at  twenty-one,  but  from  fifteen  had  been  a  zealous 
teacher  in  the  Sunday-school,  and  was  apparently 
from  his  childhood  a  devout  Christian. 

Habits  of  prayer,  taught  him  in  his  infancy,  and 
never  intermitted  through  life,  but  increased  to 
three  times  a  day.  morning,  noon,  and  night,  as  he 
came  to  years  of  discernment,  were  the  foundation 
of  the  saintly  character  for  which  he  was  distin 
guished.  He  was  as  active  in  labors  in  the  church 
and  Sunday-school  and  missionary  work  as  he  was 
devoted  in  spirit,  He  was  successful  in  business, 
and  generous  in  dispensing  its  profits,  which  he 
regarded  as  truly  the  Lord's. 

He  withdrew  from  his  first  partnership  because 
it  involved  the  necessity  of  profiting  by  the  sale  of 
intoxicating  liquors.    He,  with  a  friend,  then  entered 
into  the  iron  business.     Success  came  rapidly,  and 
the  application  of  his  rule,  to  make  wealth  useful, 
conferred  upon  many  a  needy  cause  a  timely  bene 
fit.     He  made  his  pastor,  Rev.  Elisha  Tucker.  D.I)., 
the  almoner  of  many  charitable  gifts  to  the  poor, 
for  whom  he  felt  the  tenderest  sympathies,  because 
he  was  so  constant  a  laborer  among  them  in  evan- 
o-elistic  work.     About  the  time  of  his  death  the 
educational  interests  of  New  York  Baptists  were  in 
a  condition  to  make  endowments  necessary,  and  he 
gave  $3000  to  the  theological  seminary  at   Hamil 
ton.      Had   his  life  been   spared,   no  doubt  large 
donations  would  have  followed.     In  his  will  he  be 
queathed  $12,000  more  to  that  institution,  which 
was  promptly  paid  by  his  executors,  being  the  first 
large  donation  to  its  funds. 

Besides  $8000  to  the  American  Baptist  Home 


Mission  Society,  he  left  liberal  bequests  to  our  other 
denominational  societies. 

Blewett,  Prof.  B.  T.,  was  born  in  1820  in 
Bowling  Green,  Ky.  He  entered  Georgetown  Col 
lege  in  1841,  and  graduated  in  1840,  and  taught  in 
that  institution  till  1853.  Mr.  Blewett  left  George 
town,  and  for  some  time  was  Professor  of  Moral 
and  Intellectual  Philosophy  at  Bethel  College. 
Russellville,  Ky.  In  I860  he  became  connected 
with  Augusta  College,  Ky. ;  in  1871  he  removed  to 
St.  Louis  Co.,  Mo.  He  is  now  president  of  the  St. 
Louis  Female  Seminary.  He  made  a  profession  of 
religion  in  1840,  and  was  baptized  in  Kentucky. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  the  same  year.  Prof. 
Blewett  is  a  cultured  Christian  gentleman,  enjoy 
ing  the  confidence  of  all  who  know  him. 

Bliss,  George  Ripley,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born 
in  Sherburne,  N.  Y.,  June  20,  1810  ;  entered  Madi- 


GEORGE    RIPLEY    BLISS,    D.D..    LL.D. 

son  University  in  1837,  and  graduated  in  1838; 
graduated  from  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in 
1840 ;  was  tutor  in  Madison  University  for  three 
years.  In  December,  1843,  he  became  pastor  of 
the  church  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J..  and  re 
mained  until  May,  1849,  when  he  accepted  the 
Greek  professorship  in  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg.  He  was  also  for  two  years  president  of  the 
theological  department.  Thus  his  connection  with 
the  university  dates  almost  from  its  beginning,  and 
its  subsequent  growth  was  largely  due  to  the  in 
fluence  of  his  profound  scholarship  and  self-sacri 
ficing  labors.  In  1874  he  was  called  to  the  chair 
of  Biblical  Exegesis  in  the  Crozer  Theological 
Seminary,  which  position  he  now  holds.  He  has 


BLITCH 


107 


also  been  prominently  identified  with  the  work  of 
Bible  revision.  He  received  the  degree  of  D.I),  in 
1860  from  Madison  University,  and  that  of  LL.D. 
in  1878  from  the  university  at  Lewisbnrg. 

Dr.  Bliss  is  a  noble  specimen  of  intellectual  and 
spiritual  manhood.  His  scholarly  attainments  are 
widety  known  and  recognized,  notwithstanding  the 
hindrances  to  publicity  that  are  imposed  by  his 
quiet  and  unobtrusive  manners.  His  sermons  and 
writings  display  a.  rich  fund  of  sublime  thought, 
elegant  diction,  and  convincing  argument. 

Blitch,  Joseph  Luke,  D.D.,  was  born  March 
3,  18.']'.).  in  Duval  Co.,  Fla. ;  is  the  son  of  Rev. 
Benj.  .Blitch.  an  eminent  Baptist  preacher.  lie 


JOSKPH     LIKK     111, ITCH.     U.I). 

was  converted  at  fifteen,  but  "boy  conversions" 
being  then  unpopular,  he  was  baptized  two  years 
later.  He  began  talking  for  Jesus  as  soon  as  con 
verted,  and  the  Sunday  after  his  baptism  he  went 
fifty  miles  to  hear  a  great  preacher.  Crowds  had 
gathered  at  Ready  Creek  ;  the  preacher  failed,  and 
young  Brother  Blitch  took  charge  of  the  meeting, 
and  almost  unconsciously  began  preaching  from 
the  words,  "Behold  the  Lamb  of  God!"  From 
that  day  till  now  he  has  preached  every  Sunday 
save  one  from  one  to  four  sermons.  He  graduated 
at  Mercer  University  in  1863.  the  only  graduate 
that  year,  preaching  to  three  churches  while  in 
college,  having  been  ordained  by  the  Macedonia 
church  in  1860.  He  was  pastor  at  Aberlare.  near 
Augusta,  several  years.  At  one  time  he  im 
mersed  99  converts  before  leaving  the  water.  lie 
next  served  Shiloh,  Macedonia,  and  Lafayette 
churches ;  thence  to  Macon,  Ga.,  where  he  estab 


lished  the  Second  church,  and  at  the  close  of  a  two 
years'  pastorate  left  it  with  a  good  house  and  over 
one  hundred  members.  He  was  pastor  one  year 
at  Little  Rock.  Ark.  ;  two  years  at  Marshall. 
Texas:  Boenville,  one  year;  Lee  Summit.  Mo., 
three  years.  In  Is73  he  went  to  California;  was 
pastor  at  Dixon  six  years,  taking  an  active  part, 
officially,  in  education  and  mission  interests.  In 
1879  he  located  at  Walla  Walla.  Washington  Terri 
tory,  and  has  already  organized  a  vigorous  church. 
About  2000  have  been  converted  under  his  minis 
try,  of  whom  he  has  baptized  1G3(>.  La  Grange 
University,  Mo.,  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
D.I>.  Several  of  his  sermons  have  been  published. 
one  of  which.  "  Thy  kingdom  come."  so  delighted 
Spurgeon.  of  London,  that  he  said  of  it,  "  Everv 
sentence  carries  the  sound  of  a  glorious  victory.  I 
love  it.'' 

Blodgett,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Randolph, 
Vt.,  Xov.  2(1,  1792;  born  again  in  lS17.when  he 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Denmark.  X.  V.  ; 
licensed  to  preach  in  ISIS;  he  became  in  subse 
quent  years  pastor  at  Champion.  Lowville.  and 
Broad  Street,  Utica.  X.  Y.  After  a  year  in  Ten 
nessee,  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Lebanon, 
0.  From  Lebanon  he  went  to  Centreville,  and 
;  thence  to  Casstowu.  0..  where  he  remained  two 
years.  In  1854  he  left  Ohio  for  a  two  years'  so 
journ  in  Indiana,  but  returned  to  settle  at  Frank 
lin,  0.,  where  he  continued  until  disease  and  old 
age  terminated  his  active  work.  He  died  July  24, 
t  1876. 

Father  Blodgett  was  a  man  of  wide  popularity. 
lie  was  familiarly  called  in  Ohio  "John,  the  Be 
loved."  Kind  and  conciliatory  in  his  manner,  and 
full  of  earnest  love  for  men,  he  endeared  himself 
to  all.  Probably  no  one  is  more  affectionately  re 
membered  by  those  who  knew  him  and  had  the 
pleasure  of  hearing  him  preach. 

Blood,  Rev.  Caleb,  was  born  in  Charlton, 
Mass.,  Aug.  18,  1754.  His  conversion  took  place 
when  he  was  twenty-one.  "  his  first  serious  impres 
sions  having  been  received  amidst  the  gayeties  of 
the  ball-room."  lie  commenced  to  preach  a  year 
and  a  half  after  joining  the  church,  and  was  or 
dained  as  an  evangelist  in  the  fall  of  1777.  lie 
became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Weston,  Mass.,  and 
remained  such  for  seven  years,  and  then  removed 
to  Shaftsbury,  Vt.,  early  in  1788.  Here  a  large 
blessing  was  vouchsafed  to  him.  In  one  revival  — 
that  of  the  winter  of  1798—99 — 175  persons  were 
added  to  the  church.  Besides  looking  after  the 
spiritual  interests  of  his  own  flock,  he  performed 
the  work  of  an  itinerant,  visiting  in  his  preaching 
tours  the  northwest  parts  of  Xew  York  and  the 
neighboring  province  of  Canada.  The  fame  of  his 
excellence  and  success  as  a  minister  reached  the 
metropolis  of  Xew  England,  and  when  the  Third 


BLUE 


108 


BOARD  MAX 


Baptist  church,  then  recently  formed,  wore  looking 
out  for  a  pastor,  their  attention  was  turned  to  him. 
For  three  years  he  acted  as  the  pastor  of  this  infant 
church,  and  then  removed  to  Portland.  .Me.,  where 
he  became  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church. 
Here  he  continued  until  removed  by  death,  March 
I).  IS  14.  Mr.  Blood  was  strongly  Calvinistic  in  his 
doctrinal  views,  and  was  a  good  type  ot  a  large 
class  of  some  of  the  most  worthy  and  successful 
ministers  of  his  denomination  in  the  times  in  which 
he  lived.  He  was  always  strongly  in  favor  of 
'•law  and  order."  His  preaching  was  attended 
with  powerful  revivals,  but  lie  always  discouraged 
an  excess  of  mere  animal  feeling,  and  knew  well 
the  difference  between  the  genuine  operations  of 
the  Holy  Spirit  and  mere  human  excitement.  "\\  e 
are  told  that  "in  the  earlier  part  of  his  ministry, 
artendinir  a  meeting  marked  with  excitement  and 
zeal,  but.  as  he  thought,  'not  according  to  knowl 
edge,'  a  good  woman,  at  the  close,  came  to  him. 
with  uplifted  hands,  exclaiming.  'Oh.  Mr.  Blood, 
did  you  ever  see  such  a  meeting  before?'  'No. 
he  promptly  replied,  'and  I  hope  I  never  shall 
airain.'  "  The  reply  was  the  true  index  of  the 
man,  and  of  the  principles  by  which  he  was  gov 
erned  through  his  ministerial  life. 

Blue  Mountain  College,  located  at  Blue  Moun 
tain,  Miss.,  is  the  leading  female  college  in  North 
Mississippi:  Rev.  M.  P.  Lowery.-D.D.,  Principal. 

Boardman,  George  Dana,  D.D.,  son  of  the 

Rev.  George  l)ana  Boardman.  and  step-son  of  Rev. 
Adoniram  Judson,  was   born  in  Tavoy.  Burmah. 
Aug.  18.  1828.     At  six  years  of  age  he  embarked 
for   America,  and   journeyed   the    entire    distance 
alone.       During    the    voyage,    which     lasted    nine 
months,  he  was  subjected  to  severe  hardship  and 
ill  treatment,  and  was   nearly  captured  by  Malay 
pirates  when  in  a  small  boat  off  Singapore.     But 
the  young  and  enfeebled  life  was  graciously  spared 
for  a  career  of  remarkable  vigor  and  usefulness: 
he  was  baptized,  while  yet  a  lad,  by  Dr.  William 
Lamson.  at  Thomaston,  Me.  :  entered  Brown   Uni 
versity  in   184o  ;   became  disheartened  during  his 
Sophomore  year,  and  spent  two  years  in  Indiana. 
Illinois,  and  Missouri,  reading  law  and  engaging 
in    mercantile    pursuits.     He    subsequently   re-en 
tered  Brown   University,  and   graduated   in    1*52: 
graduated  from  Newton  Theological  Institution  in 
1855.     In  consequence  of  pulmonary  troubles  he 
settled  at  Barnwell  Court-IIouse.  S.  C..  where  he 
was  ordained,  December,  1855.    After  a  live  months' 
pastorate   he   returned  to  the   North,  and   became 
pastor  of  the   Second   church  at  Rochester.  N.  Y.. 
where  he  remained  until  May,  18G4.     He  then  en 
tered   upon   the   pastorate  of  the   First   church   at 
Philadelphia,   where    he    still    remains,    esteemed, 
honored,  and  beloved. 

To  his  wife    he  lovingly   dedicated   one  of  his 


choicest  publications,  speaking  of  her  as  one 
"  whose  poetic  insight  into  the  meaning  of  nature 
has  been  my  inspiration." 

During   his    pastorate   in    Philadelphia   he    has 
traveled  extensively  in   Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa; 


GEORGE    DANA    1JOAKDMAX,     D.D. 

and  in  his  journeys  abroad,  as  well  as  in  his  studies 
at  home,  he  has,  with  careful  intensity,  sought  to 
understand  the  truths  of  divine  revelation.  With 
a  soul  full  of  devout  inquiry,  and  with  an  intellec 
tual  vigor  that  sometimes  threatened  the  prostra 
tion  of  his  physical  powers,  he  has  diligently  en 
deavored  to  know  and  preach  the  gospel  of  Christ : 
and  those  who  attend  upon  his  ministry  are  en 
riched  by  his  devout  and  scholarly  expositions.  At 
the  Wednesday  evening  services  of  the  church  he 
has  delivered  184  lectures  on  the  Life  of  our  Lord, 
55  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  14  on  the  Epistles 
to  the  Thessalonians.  Ifi  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Gala- 
tians,  39  on  the  Epistles  to  the  Corinthians,  39  on 
the  Epistle  to  the  Romans,  11  on  the  Epistle  to 
the  Ephesians.  S  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Colossians, 
12  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Philippians.  14  on  the 
Epistles  to  Timothy.  3  on  the  Epistles  to  Titus,  and 
1  on  the  Epistle  to  Philemon,  making  396  weekly 
expository  lectures.  These  are  to  be  continued 
through  the  entire  New  Testament.  He  has  also 
published  numerous  sermons,  pamphlets,  and  re- 
!  view  articles,  etc. 

During  1878  he  delivered  14  lectures  on  "  The 
Creative  Week"  to  immense  audiences  gathered  at 
mid-day  on  successive  Tuesdays  in  the  hall  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  These  lec 
tures  have  since  been  published  in  book-form.  lie 


BOAR DM AX 


109 


BOARD  MAN 


has  also  published  "  Studies  in  the  Model  Prayer" 
and  '•  Epiphanies  of  the  Risen  Lord.'' 

His  varied  and  cultured  abilities  have  received 
repeated  and  well-merited  recognition.  The  mis 
sionary  and  educational  boards  of  the  denomina 
tion  have  been  honored  by  his  membership  ;  and  at 
the  Saratoga  meetings  in  1880  he  was  unanimously 
chosen  president  of  the  American  Baptist  Mission 
ary  Union.  He  is  also  a  trustee  of  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  and  a  member  of  the  American 
Philosophical  Society.  Such  honors  justly  belong 
to  one  who  is  widely  known  and  esteemed  as  a 
courteous  and  scholarly  Christian  gentleman. 

Boardman,  Rev.  George  Dana,  Sr.,  was  born 
in  Livermore,  Me.,  Feb.  8.  1801.  His  father,  Rev. 
Sylvan  us  Boardman,  at  the  time  of  his  birth  was 
the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that  place. 
Mr.  Boardman  was  a  member  of  the  first  class  that 
was  formed  in  Waterville  College  :  he  graduated 
in  1822.  lie  was  ordained  at  North  Yarmouth. 
Me.,  Feb.  10.  1825.  and.  with  his  wife,  sailed  the 
16th  of  July  for  Calcutta,  arriving  there  early  in 
the  following  December.  They  took  up  their  resi 
dence  at  Chitpore,  near  Calcutta.  Here  they  re 
mained  until  March  20,  1827.  when  they  embarked 
for  Ainherst,  in  Burmah.  From  Amherst  Mr. 
Boardman  proceeded  at  once  to  Maulmain.  In 
April,  1828,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Boardman  removed  t<> 
Tavoy.  and  commenced  missionary  work  in  that 
town.  It  was  a  place  of  upwards  of  <ll)<><)  inhab 
itants.  It  was.  moreover,  one  of  the  principal 
strongholds  of  the  religion  of  Gandaina,  filled  with 
temples  and  shrines  dedicated  to  heathen  worship. 
Within  the  limits  of  the  town  there  were  nearly  a 
thousand  pagodas.  As  soon  as  his  zavat  was 
built  Mr.  Boardman  began  his  work  with  apostolic 
zeal,  and  with  a  firm  trust  in  God  that  this  work 
would  not  be  in  vain.  Two  converts  soon  rewarded 
his  labors,  and  a  wide-spread  interest  in  the  hew 
religion  began  very  soon  to  show  itself  in  Tavoy. 

In  the  family  of  Mr.  Boardman  there  lived  a  man 
in  middle  life,  once  a  slave,  but  now  free  through 
the  kindness  of  the  missionaries,  who  had  bought 
his  freedom.  This  man  was  a  Karen,  Ko  Thah- 
byu  by  name.  He  belonged  to  a  race  amonir  whom 
Mr.  Boardman  was  to  gain  a  multitude  of  converts 
to  the  Christian  religion.  This  people  are  found 
in  the  forests  and  mountains  of  Burmah  and  Siam, 
and  in  some  sections  of  China.  The  name  by  which 
they  are  known  is  Kanairs  or  Karens,  which  means 
wild  men.  They  seem  to  have  been  singularly  pre 
pared  to  receive  the  gospel.  It  was  to  this  inter 
esting  race  that  Mr.  Boardman.  assisted  by  his 
faithful  co-laborer.  Ko  Thah-byu,  directed  his  prin 
cipal  attention  in  the  prosecution  of  his  missionary 
work. 

The  constitution  of  Mr.  Boardman,  never  very 
strong,  began  to  give  way  under  the  severe  labors 


of  his  missionary  life.  He  had  been  entreated 
once  more  to  visit  the  Karens  in  their  villages,  and 
administer  to  the  new  converts  the  sacred  rite  of 
Christian  baptism.  In  spite  of  his  feeble  health 
he  determined  to  yield  to  their  request.  Lying  on 
a  cot  borne  on  the  shoulders  of  the  Karens,  and 
accompanied  by  Mrs.  Boardman,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Mason,  who  had  lately  arrived  at  Tavoy,  he  set 
out  on  his  journey.  Three  days  they  toiled  slowly 
on  through  the  valleys  and  over  the  hills  of  Bur 
mah,  and  reached  at  length  the  zayat  which  the 
faithful  disciples  had  built  for  them.  "  It  stood.'' 
says  Prof.  Gammell,  "  on  the  margin  of  a  beautiful 
stream,  at  the  foot  of  a  range  of  mountains,  whose 
sloping  sides  were  lined  with  the  villages  of  the 
strange  people  whom  they  had  come  to  visit.  More 
than  a  hundred  were  already  assembled  at  the  zayat, 
nearly  half  of  whom  were  candidates  for  baptism. 
At  the  close  of  the  day.  just  as  the  sun  was  sinking 
behind  the  mountains,  his  cot  was  placed  at  the 
river-side,  in  the  midst  of  the  solemn  company  that 
was  gathered  to  witness  the  first  baptism  which 
that  ancient  mountain-stream  had  ever  beheld.  As 
he  gazed  in  silent  gratitude  upon  the  scene,  he  felt 
that  his  work  was  finished,  his  last  promise  to  these 
scattered  disciples  was  now  fulfilled,  and  he  Avas 
ready  to  depart  in  peace."  The  next  day  the  mis 
sionaries  started  to  return  to  Tavoy.  hoping  to 
reach  the  home  of  Mr.  Boardman.  so  that  he  might 
die  beneath  his  own  roof,  but  it  was  ordered  other 
wise.  Before  the  close  of  the  second  day's  journey 
the  end  had  come,  and  the  weary  spirit  passed  to 
its  home  in  the  skies.  The  event  took  place  Feb. 
II.  1831.  The  remains  were  taken  to  Tavoy  and 
laid  in  a  tomb,  in  what  was  at  one  time  a  Buddhist 
grave.  How  much  had  been  crowded  into  that 
brief  thirty  years'  life!  What  trains  of  holv  in 
fluence  were  set  in  motion  within  the  few  short 
years  of  that  missionary  career  !  We  may,  as  a 
denomination,  be  truly  grateful  to  God  that  he 
gave  us  so  pure,  so  holy,  so  thoroughly  consecrated 
a  pioneer  in  the  early  missions  among  the  Burmese 
and  the  Karens. 

Boardman,  Rev.  SylvanilS,  father  of  the  hon 
ored  missionary.  George  Dana  Boardman,  and 
grandfather  of  Rev.  G.  D.  Boardman.  D.D.,  of 
Philadelphia,  was  born  in  Chilmark,  Mass.,  Sept. 
1 ").  17~»7.  In  early  life  his  religious  connection  was 
with  the  Congregationalists,  but  in  1793  he  changed 
his  sentiments  and  became  a  Baptist.  In  February, 
1802,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  with 
which  he  originally  united,  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Livermore,  Me.  Here  he  remained  not  far  from 
eight  years, — 1802-10. — when  he  was  called  to  the 
pastoral  charge  of  the  church  in  North  Yarmouth, 
Me.  With  this  church  he  continued  until  181G, 
and  then  accepted  a  call  to  New  Sharon,  Me.  Of 
the  church  in  this  place  he  was  pastor  about  twenty- 


110 


JiOLLKS 


seven  years,  when  lie  was  compelled,  on  account  of 
feelile  heath  and  the  infirmities  of  age,  to  resign, 
lie  lived  to  a  good  old  age.  and  died  in  New  Sharon, 
March  16,  1845. 
Bodenbender,  Rev.  Conrad.— The  subject  of 

this  sketch  was  born  -July  !<>.  1^2,'S,  in  lleskem. 
Ilesse-Cassel,  Germany.  He  was  brought  up  in  the 
Lutheran  faith,  and  confirmed  when  he  was  four 
teen  vears  old.  In  the  twenty.-second  year  of  his 
age  he  met  with  Baptists,  and  was  convvrted.  On 
the  H>th  of  Jane,  at  midnight,  he  was  baptized 
upon  profession  of  his  faith.  Baptism  could  not 
at  that  time  be  administered  in  daylight  on  account 
of  fierce  persecution.  Emigrating  to  America  in 
IS 4'.).  Mr.  .Bodenbender  remained  for  two  years  in 
Buffalo.  X.  Y.,  working  as  a  cabinet-maker.  At 
the  expiration  of  that  time,  feeling  called  to  pi-each, 
he  entered  the  German  Department  of  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary,  pursuing  his  studies  from 
1S54  to  1S5S.  His  first  charge  was  in  Newark, 
N.  J.,  where  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  German 
Baptist  church  in  September,  1856.  Since  leaving 
Newark  he  has  been  pastor  successively  over  the 
German  churches  of  Tavistock  and  Berlin,  Ontario, 
and  Chicago,  111.  Since  1873  Mr.  Bodenbender  has 
been  the  honored  pastor  of  the  First  German  church 
in  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  Calm  and  thoughtful,  scriptural 
in  his  method  of  sermonizing,  genial  in  social  inter 
course,  unblamable  in  character,  Mr.  Bodenbender 
is  widely  known  and  highly  esteemed  in  the  Ger 
man  churches. 

Boise,  James  Robinson,  Ph.D.,  D.D.,  LL.D. 
— Dr.  Boise  was  born  in  Blandford,  Hampshire  Co., 
Mass.,  Jan.  27,  1815.  He  was  descended  from  a 
French  family,  which  took  refuge  from  persecution, 
with  many  of  the  Huguenots,  in  the  north  of  Ire 
land,  and  afterwards  emigrated  to  New  England. 
His  grandfather  was  the  second  white  child  born 
in  his  native  town.  His  father,  Enos  Boise,  was 
for  many  years  the  only  Baptist  in  Blandford.  and 
was  in  intimate  relations  with  Gurdon  Robins 
and  Elisha  Cushman,  prominent  Baptists  of  Con 
necticut,  and  founders  of  the  Christian  Secretary. 
On  the  side  of  his  mother,  Alice  Robinson,  he  was 
related  to  Edward  Robinson,  the  eminent  Biblical 
scholar.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  was  baptized, 
and  not  long  afterwards  repaired  to  Hamilton 
Seminary,  now  Madison  University,  to  begin  a 
course  of  classical  studies.  After  about  three  years 
spent  iu  Hamilton  he  entered  Brown  University, 
where  he  graduated  in  1840.  He  was  then  elected 
tutor,  and  three  years  later  assistant  Professor  of 
Ancient  Languages.  In  1850  he  resigned  his  posi 
tion  in  Brown  University,  and  spent  a  year  in  Ger 
many  and  six  months  in  Greece  and  Italy.  On  his 
return  home  he  again  took  a  position  in  Brown 
University,  but  six  months  later  accepted  an  invi 
tation  to  the  University  of  Michigan  as  Professor 


of  the  Greek  Language  and  Literature.  Here  he 
remained  till  Jan.  1,  1868,  when  he  accepted  the 
Professorship  of  Greek  in  the  University  of  Chicago. 
In  1877  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of  New  Testa 
ment  Interpretation  in  the  Baptist  Union  Theologi 
cal  Seminary,  which  he  still  occupies. 


JAMES    ROIilNSOX    BOISK,     PIU.).,     D.D.,     LL.D. 

In  1868,  Professor  Boise  received  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Philosophy  from  the  University  of  Tu 
bingen,  in  Germany.  In  the  same  year  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Laws  was  conferred  by  the  University 
of  Michigan,  and  in  1879  that  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
by  Brown  University. 

The  reputation  of  Dr.  Boise  rests  chiefly  upon  his 
success  as  a  teacher,  and  as  editor  of  Greek  classical 
authors.  He  is  best  known  as  editor  of  portions 
of  Homer,  Herodotus,  Thucydides.  Xenophon. 
Plato,  and  Demosthenes,  and  also  as  author  of 
u  Exercises  in  Greek  Composition.''  His  attention 
is  now  turned  towards  similar  labors  in  connection 
with  the  New  Testament.  His  editions  of  classical 
works  are  valued  for  their  critical  accuracy  and 
their  scholarly  finish,  alike  in  versions  of  the  text 
and  in  annotations.  As  a  teacher.  Dr.  Boise  is 
stimulating,  skillful,  and  exact, — a  born  educator. 
In  the  wide  circle  of  his  personal  friends  he  is 
valued  for  qualities  of  sterling  excellence  as  a 
Christian  and  as  a  man. 

Bolles,  Augustus,  son  of  Rev.  David  and  Su 
sannah  (Moore)  Bolles,  was  born  in  Ashford, 
Conn..  Dec.  28,  1776;  inherited  superior  powers; 
received  a  good  education  :  commenced  preaching 
in  February,  1810;  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Tolland,  Conn.,  in  May,  1814;  in  May, 


BOLLKS 


111 


BOLLKS 


1818,  settled  with  the  church  in  Bloomfield,  and  re 
mained  till  1825,  when  impaired  health  from  severe 
labor  induced  his  removal  to  Hartford;  preached 
for  several  years  to  destitute  churches  ;  for  about 
four  y*>ars  ably  conducted  the  denominational  paper 
of  the  State,  the  Christian  Secretary ;  in  1837  re 
moved  to  Indiana  and  organized  a  Baptist  church 
at  La  Porte;  returned  to  Connecticut,  and  in  1839 
began  to  preach  at  Colchester;  supplied  the  church 
for  some  years,  but  refused  settlement.  He  was 
a  rare  scholar  and  preacher  ;  died  in  Colchester. 

Bolles,  David,  son  of  Enoch  and  grandson  of 
John  Bolles,  was  born  in  New  London.  Conn., 
Jan.  14.  1743;  married,  Jan.  10,  1765,  Susannah 
Moore,  of  New  London,  and  moved  to  Ash  ford 
(now  Eastford),  Conn.;  in  October,  1797,  in  his 
fiftieth  year,  was  ordained  an  evangelist  at  the 
annual  meeting  of  the  Stonington  Union  Associa 
tion  ;  preached  the  gospel  to  destitute  churches  in 
the  vicinity  of  Ash  ford ;  in  June,  1801,  settled 
with  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Hartford,  and  re 
mained  two  years  ;  chose  to  labor  with  country 
churches  that  were  destitute ;  left  four  sons, — 
Judge  David  Bolles  and  three  Baptist  preachers. 

Bolles,  Hon.  James  G.,  son  of  Rev.  Matthew, 

was  born  in  Eastford  (then  Ashford),  Conn.,  Jan. 
17,  1802;  when  fifteen,  entered  a  printing-office  in 
Bridgeport,  Conn.,  and  remained  till  twenty  ;  went 
to  Boston,  Mass.,  and  was  partner  in  the  firm  that 
published  the  Christian  Watchman;  in  1825  settled 
in  Hartford,  Conn.,  for  a  time  as  clerk  ;  became 
secretary  of  the  Hartford  Fire  Insurance  Com 
pany  ;  then  president  of  the  North  American  In 
surance  Company  ;  under  President  Lincoln  was 
collector  of  internal  revenue  in  first  Connecticut 
district ;  converted  in  1840;  baptized  Jan.  24,  1841  ; 
united  with  First  Baptist  church  in  Hartford  ; 
chosen  deacon  Feb.  4,  1845  ;  was  noted  for  benevo 
lence,  purity,  courtesy,  and  consistent  piety  ;  in 
Dr.  11.  Trumbull's  writings  he  is  sketched  as  the 
"  Christian  gentleman"  ;  discriminating  reader  of 
books ;  greatly  beloved  ;  was  successful  in  busi 
ness  ;  acquired  wealth  ;  gave  largely  -.  made  legacies 
to  benevolent  objects  ;  died  March  27,  1871,  aged 
sixty-nine  years. 

Bolles,  John,  son  of  Thomas  Bolles,  was  born 
in  New  London.  Conn.,  in  1678;  dissatisfied  with 
the  views  of  the  standing  order,  he  adopted  those 
of  the  Baptists,  and  was  baptized  by  John  Rogers, 
the  founder  of  the  ';  Rogerene  sect'1  ;  engaged  with 
tongue  and  pen  in  theological  discussions  :  he  was 
of  vigorous  mind  and  great  earnestness;  published 
several  books  and  tracts  devoted  to  the  cause  of  re 
ligious  liberty  ;  was  the  grandfather  of  the  evan 
gelist,  David  Bolles  ;  died  in  1767,  in  his  ninetieth 
year;  was  a  pioneer  in  bringing  into  Connecticut 
freedom  of  conscience. 

Bolles,  Hon.  John  Augustus,  LL.D.,  son  of 


Rev.  Matthew  Bolles,  a  Baptist  minister,  was  horn 
in  Ashford,  now  Eastford.  Conn.,  April  16,  1809. 
He  entered  Amherst  College  in  1825,  where  he 
spent  two  years,  and  then  became  a  student  in 
Brown  University,  where  he  was  graduated  with 
high  honor  in  the  class  of  1S29.  For  a  short  time 
after  leaving  college  he  was  principal  of  the  pre 
paratory  department  of  the  Columbian  College, 
Washington.  He  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Hon. 
Richard  Fletcher,  in  Boston,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Suffolk  in  1833.  and  soon  acquired  dis 
tinction  both  as  a  lawyer  and  a  man  of  letters. 
For  several  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Massa 
chusetts  Board  of  Education.  When  the  Boston 
Daily  Journal  was  commenced,  in  1X,">3,  he  was  one 
of  its  original  editors.  In  1S34  he  wrote  the  prize 
essay  for  the  American  Peace  Society  ;  the  same 
year  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  State  for  Massa 
chusetts.  He  continued  in  the  practice  of  his  pro 
fession  in  Boston  and  occupied  in  literary  pursuits 
until  the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war.  when  he  re 
ceived  an  appointment  on  the  military  staff  of  Gen. 
John  A.  J)ix.  While  serving  in  this  capacity  he 
was  appointed  judge-advocate  of  the  Seventh  Army 
Corps,  and  provost-judge,  with  the  rank  of  major. 
Subsequently  his  rank  was  raised  to  that  of  lieu 
tenant-colonel,  and  he  received  the  appointment 
of  solicitor  of  the  navy  and  naval  judge-ad  vocate- 
general,  and  was  stationed  at  Washington,  where  he 
died.  May  25,  1878. 

''At  all  periods  of  his  life,''  says  Prof.  Gammell, 
"  Mr.  Bolles  was  exceedingly  fond  of  literary  stud 
ies.  His  published  writings,  besides  those  which 
were  official,  are  numerous,  and  are  scattered 
through  many  of  the  leading  magazines  and  jour 
nals  of  the  day,  the  most  considerable  of  which  are 
the  North  American  Jtevieiv,  the  Christian  Jfeciew, 
and  the  Atlantic  Monthly.  He  was  also  the  author 
of  an  essay  on  "  Usury  and  Usury  Laws/'  which 
was  published  by  the  Boston  Chamber  of  Com 
merce,  and  led  to  important  modifications  of  the 
laws  on  this  subject  then  existing  in  Massachusetts. 
He  received  from  Brown  University,  in  1866,  the 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

Bolles,  Lucius,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Ashford, 
Conn.,  Sept.  25.  1799,  of  godly  parents,  who  spared 
no  pains  in  his  early  religious  education.  lie  be 
came  a  member  of  Brown  University  in  1797,  and 
graduated  under  President  Maxcy  in  1801.  His 
conversion  took  place  in  one  of  the  vacations  of 
his  college  course,  and  he  decided  to  turn  his  at 
tention  to  the  gospel  ministry.  For  nearly  three 
years  he  pursued  his  theological  studies  under  Dr. 
Stillman,at  the  same  time  making  himself  familiar 
with  the  practical  duties  of  the  profession  to  which 
he  meant  to  devote  his  future  life.  Having  com 
pleted  his  term  of  study,  he  accepted  an  invitation 
to  become  the  pastor  of  the  recently-formed  First 


BOLLES 


112 


BOOMER 


Baptist  church  in  Salem,  Mass.,  and  was  ordained 
on  the  9th  of  January,  1805.  The  result  of  such 
a  course  of  procedure  was  most  happy.  The  new 
society  greatly  prospered,  and  in  a  year  from  the 
time  of  their  pastor's  ordination  entered  a  new. 
and  for  the  times  elegant,  edifice,  which,  remodeled 
and  improved  from  time  to  time,  is  now  the  beau 
tiful  house  of  worship  of  the  First  church  in  Salem. 
The  ministry  of  Dr.  Bolles  continued  for  twentv- 
two  years,  and  was  a  singularly  happy  one.  In 
very  many  respects  it  was  a  model  pastorate,  re 
garded  as  such  by  the  church  he  so  long  and  so 
faithfully  served,  even  down  to  the  present  day. 
There  were  512  added  to  the  church  during  the  first 
twenty  years  of  his  ministry.  The  little  church  of 
'24  members  had  grown  to  be  two  bands,  a  flourish 
ing  colony  having  gone  out  to  constitute  a  second 
Baptist  church  in  Salem. 

In  the  earlier  stages  of  that  grand  movement 
which  took  its  origin  from  the  appeals  of  Judson 
and  Rice  to  the  Baptist  churches  to  enter  with 
heartier  zeal  into  the  work  of  foreign  missions,  Dr. 
Bolles  took  the  Avarmest  interest.  At  his  sugges 
tion,  as  far  back  as  1812.  a  society  had  been  formed 
for  the  purpose  of  aiding  in  the  translation  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures  into  the  Eastern  languages,  under 
the  supervision  of  Dr.  Cavev.  This  society  was 
called  the  ''  Salem  Bible  Translation  and  Foreign 
Missionary  Society,''  and  was  among  the  earliest 
organizations  in  the  denomination  having  for  its 
object  the  conversion  of  the  world  to  Christ.  And 
when,  at  length,  the  rising  tide  of  sentiment  and 
thorough  conviction  of  the  duty  of  the  church  to 
carry  out  the  last  commission  of  her  ascending 
Lord,  assumed  more  definite  shape  and  outline  in 
the  formation  of  a  foreign  missionary  society,  it 
was  not  surprising  that  the  eyes  of  his  brethren 
were  turned  to  Dr.  Bolles  as  a  most  suitable  person 
to  be  its  corresponding  secretary.  lie  received  his 
appointment  to  that  office  in  1826,  and  discharged 
its  onerous  and  often  delicate  duties  for  more  than 
sixteen  years  with  a  devotion  which  seemed  never 
to  tire,  and  a  zeal  which  no  discouragement  could 
dampen.  How  much  the  cause  of  foreign  mis 
sions  owes  to  his  prudence  and  discretion  and  good 
common  sense  the  records  of  eternity  alone  will 
disclose. 

Having  most  faithfully  served  his  generation  by 
the  will  of  God,  the  good  man  fell  asleep  in  Jesus. 
His  death  occurred  Jan.  5,  1844. 

Bolles,  Rev.  Matthew,  son  of  Rev.  David  and 
Susannah  (Moore)  Bolles,  was  born  in  Ash  ford, 
Conn.,  April  21,  1769  ;  had  a  good  education  ;  in 
early  and  middle  life  engaged  in  secular  business  ; 
in  1812  began  to  preach  in  Pleasant  Valley,  Lyme, 
Conn.,  where  he  was  ordained  and  settled  in  June, 
1813,  remaining  till  1816.  his  labors  being  greatly 
blessed;  from  1817  to  1838  was  successively  pastor 


of  churches  in  Fairfield,  Conn.,  Mil  ford.  N.  II., 
Marblehead  and  West  Bridgewater,  Mass.  :  an  elo 
quent,  effective  preacher,  mighty  in  prayer;  died 
in  Hartford,  of  typhus  fever,  Sept.  26,  1838,  in  his 
seventieth  year. 

Bond,  Prof.  Emmons  Paley,  son  of  Joseph  and 

Esther  (Ford)  Bond,  was  born  in  Canterbury.  Conn., 
Sept.  6,  1824:  in  1840  taught  a  school  in  To41and, 
where  he  was  converted  ;  baptized  in  November, 
1840,  by  Rev.  Sylvester  Barrows,  and  united  with 
the  Tolland  Baptist  church  :  fitted  for  college  in 
the  ( 'onnecticnt  Literary  Institution  ;  entered  Brown 
I'niversity  in  1846.  and  graduated  in  1851,  mean 
while  having  been  an  assistant  teacher  in  the 
Worcester  Academy  from  February,  1840.  to  Au 
gust,  1850;  studied  for  the  ministry  at  the  Hamilton 
Theological  Seminary,  N.  Y.  :  in  October,  1852, 
settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in  New  Britain. 
Conn.:  ordained  Dec.  2,  I8f>2.  and  remained  till 
August.  1805:  during  this  pastorate,  from  Novem 
ber.  1864.  to  May.  1865,  was  chaplain  of  the  14th 
Conn.  Vols.  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac;  became 
principal  of  the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  at 
Suffield,  and  filled  that  chair  five  years  :  in  October, 
1870,  settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Agawam, 
Mass.,  and  remained  about  three  years;  in  1873 
was  chosen  Professor  of  Latin,  Greek.  Intellectual 
and  Moral  Philosophy  in  Peddie  Institute,  N.  J., 
and  after  three  years  became  acting  principal :  in 
May,  1879,  settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
Wethersfield,  Conn.,  where  he  now  (1880)  labors; 
wrote  the  Sunday-school  Expositions  for  the  Chris 
tian  Era,  of  Boston,  from  January,  1873,  to  De 
cember,  1875;  a  man  of  universal  talent  and 
strength. 

Bond,  Rev.  William  P.,  son  of  Lewis  Bond, 
was  born  in  Bertie  Co..  N.  C.,  Oct.  16,  1813.  He 
professed  religion  at  Chapel  Hill,  in  1831,  and 
was  bapti/ed  by  Dr.  Hooper;  united  with  Mount 
Carmel  church  in  1832  ;  moved  to  Tennessee  in 
1837,  and  settled  in  Brownsville,  and  engaged  in 
the  legal  profession  ;  was  elected  judge  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Court  in  1865,  which  office  he  held  until  1871  ; 
January,  1871,  was  ordained  to  the  gospel  minis 
try  ;  Presbytery,  Revs.  G.  W.  Young,  Mat,  Hills- 
man,  I.  R.  Branham,  and  J.  F.  B.  Mays  ;  and  he 
became  pastor  of  the  Brownsville  Baptist  church, 
which  position  he  held  for  three  years.  Brother 
Bond  as  a  judge  wore  the  ermine  with  great  dig 
nity.  As  a  speaker  he  is  fluent  and  impressive. 
His  moral  character  is  unsurpassed.  His  attain 
ments  are  of  the  first  order,  and  yet  he  is  very 
modest  and  unpretending.  He  was  at  one  time  the 
president  of  the  West  Tennessee  Baptist  Conven 
tion,  and  he  was  elected  the  president  of  the  Ten 
nessee  Baptist  Convention  at  its  organization. 

Boomer,  Rev.  Job  Borden,  was  bom  in  Fall 
River.  Mass.,  Sept.  8,  1793,  his  father  being  the 


BOOXE 


113 


BOOSE 


pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Charlton.  Mass., 
for  thirty  years.  He  was  ordained  in  Sutton. 
Mass..  June  9,  1819.  and  like  his  father  had  a  long 
and  useful  pastorate  in  one  church,  his  connection 
with  it  continuing  twenty-four  years.  At  the  end 
of  this  period  he  resigned,  and  subsequently  sus 
tained  the  pastoral  relation  to  two  other  churches, 
the  one  in  East  Brookfield.  Mass.,  and  the  other 
in  Uxbridge,  Mass.  lie  spent  his  last  days  in 
Worcester,  where  he  died  Aug.  16,  1864.  In  that 
part  of  his  native  State  in  which  he  passed  his  min 
isterial  life  his  name  is  held  in  high  esteem,  and  his 
saintly  virtues  will  long  be  cherished  by  the  many 
to  whom  he  broke  the  broad  of  life. 

BoOIie,  Col.  Daniel,  the  celebrated  hunter  and 
explorer,  though  a  Baptist  in  principle,  was  never 
in  communion  with  any  church.  He  was  a  man 
of  great  integrity,  enlarged  charity  to  his  race,  and 
profound  reverence  to  God.  His  bravery  was  un 
daunted,  and  he  was  almost  womanly  in  the  gentle 
ness  and  amiability  of  his  manners.  His  love  of 
the  beauties  of  nature,  rather  than  his  fondness 
for  advent.::-e.  led  him  to  spend  most  of  his  life  in 
the  great  forests  of  the  West.  He  explored  Ken 
tucky  in  1769-71.  moved  to  the  Territory  in  177"). 
About  1795  he  went  to  Missouri,  where  he  died 
Sept.  26.  1820.  in  the  eighty-sixth  year  of  his  age. 
His  remains  and  those  of  his  wife  were  removed 
to  Kentucky  and  interred  in  the  State  cemetery  at 
Frankfort  in  1845. 

Boone,  Rev.  J.  B.,  was  born  in  Northampton 
Co..  X.  C..  Oct.  1.  1836  ;  baptized  at  thirteen  ;  went 
to  Wake  Forest  College  in  186H;  served  in  the 
army  during  the  war  :  was  ordained  in  1*67  :  spent 
two  years  at  the  theological  seminary  at  Green 
ville.  S.  C.  :  was  pastor  in  Charlotte  :  was  the  first 
principal  of  a  graded  school  in  Xorth  Carolina: 
has  been  for  several  years  pastor  at  Statesville  and 
Salisbury:  is  moderator  of  the  South  Yadkin  As 
sociation  :  a  man  of  solid  worth,  strong  faith,  and 
unflagging  perseverance.  Mr.  Boone  is  a  trustee 
of  Wake  Forest  College. 

Boone,  Hon.  Levi  D.,  M.D.— Since  1836  Dr. 
Boone  has  been  a  resident  of  Chicago:  at  present, 
therefore,  one  of  its  oldest,  as  he  is  one  of  its  most 
respected  citizens.  lie  was  a  native  of  Kentucky, 
and  grand-nephew  of  the  famous  Daniel  Boone.  lie 
was  born  Dec.  8.  1808.  His  father  died  while  the  son 
was  still  but  a  boy,  his  death  being  the  ultimate 
effect  of  a  wound  received  at  the  battle  of  Horseshoe 
Bend,  in  Kentucky.  In  1829.  Dr.  Boone  removed 
to  Illinois,  his  home  being  first  at  Edwardsville, 
where  he  entered  the  office  of  Dr.  B.  F.  Edwards, 
subsequently  at  Hillsborough.  Upon  the  breaking 
out  of  the  Black  Hawk  war,  Dr.  Boone  at  once 
offered  his  services,  the  first  man  in  his  county  to 
do  so,  and  in  command  of  a  company  of  cavalry 
served  till  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1836.  as  men 


tioned  above,  he  made  his  home  at  Chicago,  where 
he  has  since  resided. 

Dr.  Bonne  as  a  physician  was  successful  and  be 
loved.  During  the  three  cholera  years,  1848,  1849, 
and  1850.  lie  served  as  city  physician,  filling  that 
position  of  exposure  and  exhausting  labor  to  emi 
nent  acceptance.  He  was.  however,  early  called  to 
positions  of  public  service  apart  from  his  profession  : 
for  three  terms,  a  period  of  six  years,  as  alderman 
of  the  city,  and  in  1855  as  mayor.  It  was  during 
his  mayoralty  that  the  improvements  of  various 
kinds  which  so  much  changed  the  character  of  Chi 
cago  as  a  place  of  residence  were  either  commenced 
or  so  organized  as  to  secure  their  rapid  prosecution  : 
the  high  school  and  reform  school  were  also  estab 
lished,  while  in  the  same  period  that  growth  in 
population  began  which  made  Chicago  the  marvel 
of  American  cities.  In  all  posts  of  public  service, 
and  in  his  relation  to  public  questions  of  every 
kind.  Dr.  Boone  has  commanded  universal  respect 
as  a  patriotic  citizen  and  an  able  administrator. 
During  the  war.  notwithstanding  his  Southern 
birth,  he  took  his  position  upon  the  right  side,  and 
was  conspicuous  by  his  activity  in  behalf  of  the 
irovernmont.  Dr.  Boone  has  associated  with  his 
medical  practice  extensive  business  relations,  and 
of  late  years  these  latter  have  chiefly  occupied  him. 
In  all  such  he  has  ever  been  respected  for  his 
sagacity  and  integrity,  and  even  amidst  the  reverses 
consequent  upon  disasters'  that  have  befallen  the 
citv,  has  borne  himself  resolutely  and  with  fidelity 
to  every  manner  of  trust. 

Dr.  Boone  was  one  of  the  earliest  members  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Chicago,  and  during 
many  rears  was  a  deacon  in  that  church, — one  of 
the  most  liberal,  active,  and  valued  of  the  entire 
body.  For  some  years  past  he  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Michigan  Avenue  church.  In  all  the  enter 
prises  of  the  denomination  centring  at  Chicago  he 
has  influentially  shared,  giving  largely  of  his  means 
and  holding  a  foremost  place  in  all  denominational 
councils.  He  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the 
university  at  Chicago,  and  during  nearly  the  entire 
history  of  that  institution  has  been  perhaps  the 
most  influential  man  upon  its  board  of  trustees, 
contributing  generously  to  its  funds.  Among  the 
Baptist  laymen  of  Illinois  Dr.  Boone's  name  should 
stand  with  those  which  it  is  almost  a  denomina 
tional  duty  and  privilege  to  hold  in  lasting  remem 
brance. 

Boone,  Rev.  Squire,  a  celebrated  explorer  of 
Kentucky,  son  of  Squire  Boone.  and  brother  of 
the  famous  hunter.  Col.  Daniel  Boone.  was  born  in 
Berks  Co..  Pa,,  in  1737.  Soon  after  his  birth  his 
parents  removed  to  Xorth  Carolina,  and  settled  on 
the  Yadkin,  eight  miles  from  Wilkesborough. 
Here  he  remained  until  177".  It  is  not  known  at 
!  what  period  he  united  with  the  church  or  when  he 


jwonr 


114 


Ji 


began  to  preach,  but  it  was  previous  to  his  re 
moving  to  the  West.  The  first  day  of  May.  176(.l. 
Daniel  Boone  and  live  other  men  set  out  from  the 
Yadkin  "to  explore  the  wilderness  of  America  in 
quest  of  the  country  called  Kentucky."  On  the 
7th  of  -June  thev  first  sa\v  from  an  eminence  "  the 
beautiful  level"  of  Kentucky.  They  spent  the 
summer  ami  fall  in  hunting.  The  other  members 
of  the  company  having  returned  home.  IJoone  and 
Steward  were  captured  by  the  Indians.  December 
'2:2.  After  seven  days  they  escaped  and  returned 
to  cam])  on  Red  River.  "About  this  time."  says 
Boone,  in  his  autobiography,  "my  brother.  Squire 
Boone,  with  another  adventurer,  who  came  to  ex 
plore  the  country  shortly  after  us,  .  .  .  accidentally 
found  our  camp."  "Our  meeting,  fortunately  in 
the  wilderness,  jfave  us  the  most  sensible  satisfac 
tion.  Soon  after  this  -John  Steward  was  killed  by 
the  savages,  and  the  man  that  came  with  my 
brother  returned  home."  The  two  brothers,  now 
left  alone,  built  "a  cottage,"  and  spent  the  winter 
in  hunting.  On  the  1st  of  May,  1770,  Squire 
Boone,  unaccompanied,  returned  to  his  home  for 
horses  and  ammunition,  and  rejoined  his  brother 
on  the  27th  of  July.  The  two  brothers  explored 
the  country  together  as  far  west  as  the  Cumber 
land  River,  giving  names  to  the  different  rivers. 
In  March,  1771.  the  brothers  returned  to  Xorth 
Carolina.  In  the  summer  of  1775  they  again 
moved  to  Kentucky,  and  settled  in  a  fort  on  the 
south  bank  of  the  Kentucky  River,  in  what  is  now 
Madison  County.  The  first  marriage  of  white 
people  in  Kentucky  was  that  of  Samuel  Henderson 
to  Betsy  Galloway,  and  was  celebrated  by  Squire 
Boone,  Aug.  7,  1776.  Squire  Boone  remained  in 
the  fort  atBoonesborough  until  1779,  when  lie  built 
a  fort  in  what  is  now  Shelby  Co.,  Ky.  He  was 
prominent  in  the  political  affairs,  of  Kentucky,  a 
member  of  the  Transylvania  Convention,  and  a 
delegate  from  the  Territory  of  Kentucky  to  the 
Virginia  Legislature.  He  moved  from  Shelby 
County  to  Louisville,  and  a  short  time  before  his 
death,  which  occurred  in  1815,  he  moved  across 
the  Ohio  into  Indiana  Territory.  His  son,  Squire 
Boone,  and  his  grandson,  Thomas  Boone,  were 
valuable  Baptist  ministers  in  Kentucky. 

Booth,  Rev.  Abraham,  was  born  in  Blackwell. 
Derbyshire,  England,  May  20,  1734.  At  ten  years 
of  age  he  was  first  made  to  feel  a  deep  concern  for 
his  salvation.  At  twenty-one  he  was  baptized 
among  the  General  or  Arminian  Baptists.  They 
encouraged  him  to  preach  among  them.  While 
engaged  in  ministering  to  a  church  at  Kirbywood 
House  he  at  first  was  a  bitter  enemy  of  "  personal 
election  and  particular  redemption/'  and  he  printed 
a  poem  "in  reproach"  of  these  doctrines.  When 
it  pleased  God  to  open  his  eyes  to  see  the  whole 
truth  he  began  to  plan  a  work  that  would  commend 


the  doctrines  of  grace,  and  when  he  was  about 
thirty-three  years  old  he  published  his  "  Reign  of 
Grace."  Speaking  of  his  Arminian  poem,  he  says, 
"  As  a  poem,  if  considered  in  a  critical  light,  it  is 
despicable:  if  in  a  theological  view,  detestable:  as 
it  is  an  impotent  attack  on  the  honor  of  divine 
grace,  in  respect  to  its  glorious  freeness.  and  bold 
opposition  to  the  sovereignty  of  God.  and  as  such 
I  renounce  it.'' 

His  "Reign  of  Grace''  was  published  through 
the  persuasions  of  Mr.  Venn,  a  distinguished  Epis 
copal  clergyman,  who  took  copies  sufficient  to  en 
able  the  author  to  pay  the  printer.  The  publica 
tion  of  this  work  was  the  cause  of  Mr.  Booth's 
removal  to  London.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  Prcscott  Street  church  in  that  city  Feb.  16, 
1709.  In  this  field  of  labor  Mr.  Booth  was  emi 
nently  useful,  and  obtained  a  celebrity  which  will 
never  perish. 

He  was  a  man  of  vast  reading  in  his  own  lan 
guage  and  in  Latin,  and  he  was  justly  reputed  one 
of  the  most  learned  men  of  his  day.  His  friend 
Dr.  Newman  says,  "  As  a  divine  he  was  a  star  of 
the  first  magnitude,  and  one  of  the  brightest  orna 
ments  of  the  Baptist  denomination  to  which  he  be- 
lono-ed.  Firm  in  his  attachment  to  his  religious 

& 

principles,  he  despised  the  popular  cant  about 
charity,  and  cultivated  genuine  candor,  which  is 
alike  remote  from  the  laxity  of  latitudinarians  and 
the  censoriousness  of  bigots.'1  His  "  Reign  of 
Grace,''  and  indeed  all  his  works,  will  continue  to 
instruct  and  delight  the  Christian  world  till  the 
end  of  time. 

He  was  instrumental  in  founding  Stepney  Col 
lege,  which  has  been  such  a  blessing  to  the  British 
Baptist  churches. 

Mr.  Booth  was  a  man  of  strict  integrity,  of  great 
devoutness,  and  of  a  large  knowledge  of  the  divine 
Word.  Few  men  have  served  the  cause  of  God  by 
their  writings,  sermons,  counsels,  and  example 
more  effectively  than  Abraham  Booth.  He  died 
Jan.  27,  1806,  in  his  seventy-third  year,  after  a 
pastorate  of  thirty-seven  years  in  London.  He 
was  the  author  of  eight  works,  besides  a  number 
of  printed  sermons;  some  of  these  works  have 
passed  through  many  editions. 

Booth,  Rev.  A.  H.,  a  leading  minister  in  Mis 
sissippi,  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1822,  and  began 
to  preach  in  Tennessee  in  1845.  For  many  years 
he  has  exerted  a  wide  influence  in  Mississippi  in 
building  up  and  strengthening  the  churches. 

Booth,  Rev.  C.  0.— About  thirty-eight  years  of 
asie,  reared  under  favorable  circumstances,  liber 
ally  educated,  first  studied  and  practiced  medicine, 
then  pastor  at  Citronville.  then  at  Talladega,  now 
in  Montgomery.  Has  labored  some  among  the  col 
ored  people  of  the  State  as  a  missionary  ;  a  grace 
ful  speaker,  a  gifted  preacher,  apt  in  the  selection 


BORUM 


115 


no  H 


of  language,  and  though  a  man  of  feeble  health, 
his  services  have  been  of  distinguished  value  in 
organizing  the  interests  of  colored  Baptists  in  Ala 
bama. 

Borum,  Joseph  Henry,  D.D.,  son  of  Deacon 
James  and  Martha  (Tucker)  Borum,  was  born  in 


JOSEPH    HENRY    BORUM,    D.D. 

Prince  Edward  Co.,  Va.,  July  20,  18 1C.  His 
parents  were  highly  respectable.  Both  were  mem 
bers  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Christ.  His  father 
and  family  moved  from  Virginia  to  Tennessee, 
December.  1S2S,  Joseph  being  then  twelve  years 
old.  and  settled  in  Wilson  County,  eight  miles 
east  of  Lebanon,  where  he  remained  three  years  ; 
and  in  December,  1831,  he  removed  to  Tipton 
County,  where  he  resided  up  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  which  occurred  March  29,  1843. 

After  devoting  a  number  of  years  to  mercantile 
pursuits,  Mr.  Borum,  on  Sept.  20,  1836,  made  a 
public  profession  of  religion  among  the  Methodists. 
There  being  no  Baptist  church  nearer  than  fifteen 
miles,  he  was  over-persuaded  by  his  Methodist 
friends  to  unite  with  them,  having  the  promise  of 
the  preacher  in  charge  to  immerse  him,  with  which, 
however,  he  never  complied.  The  next  Conference 
sent  another  preacher,  to  whom  he  communicated 
the  fact  that  he  had  joined  the  Methodists  with  the 
express  understanding  that  he  was  to  be  immersed. 
The  preacher  now  in  charge  put  it  off  from  time  to 
time.  A  sermon  against  immersion  by  the  pre 
siding  elder  taught  Mr.  Borum  his  duty,  and  a  few 
days  after  he  heard  it  he  presented  himself  to 
Beaver  Creek  church.  Fayette  Co.,  Term.,  for  mem 
bership,  where  he  was  cordially  received,  but  at  the 


time  it  had  no  pastor.     He  was  referred  to  Rev. 
Peter    S.    Gayle,    then    living    near    Brownsville, 
Tenn..  to  baptize  him,  who,  on  Aug.  17,  1837,  near 
Covington,  Tenn.,  buried  him  witli  Christ  in  bap 
tism.     The  Beaver  Creek  church   being  without  a 
pastor,  and  having  no  regular  meetings,  he  could 
not   be   licensed   to    preach.     Impressed   with   the 
duty  of  calling  sinners  to  repentance,  he  conferred 
with   several   brethren  on  the  subject,  who  urged 
him  to  go  forward  and  preach  the  irospel.     So.  on 
the  third  Lord's  day  in  September,  one  month  after 
his  baptism,  he  preached  his  first  sermon  at  Liberty 
meeting-house,  Tipton  Co.,  Tenn.,  forty  years  a^o. 
On   March  24,  1S39,  a  church  was  organized  at 
Covington,  Tenn.,  of  which   he  was  a  constituent 
member.     He   was   chosen   clerk  at   its   organiza 
tion,  and  soon  after  he  was   elected  deacon.     lie 
was   ordained  to  the  gospel  ministry  by  the  Cov 
ington  church  on  the  21st  day  of  September,  1845. 
Xot   long  after   this   he   removed  to   Durhamville, 
Lauderdale  Co.,  Tenn.,  and  united  with  the  Elon 
church,  and  became  associated  with  Kev.  Geo.  W. 
Young,  the   pastor  of  said  church,  worshiping   in 
Haywood  County.     Durhamville  was  then  the  only 
Regular  Baptist  church  in  Lauderdale  County.   Mr. 
Young  and  he  rode  and  preached  together  (mainly 
in  Lauderdale  County)  for  about  three  years,  when 
they  had  to  separate  to  take  charge  of  churches 
which  they  had  constituted.     There  are  now  twenty 
Baptist  churches,  white  and  colored,  in  the  same 
county.     Mr.  Borum  and  Mr.  Young  never  engaged 
in  union  meetings,  nor  did  they  invite  Pedobaptist 
ministers   into  their  pulpits  to  preach,   regarding 
this  practice  as  inconsistent  with  Bible  teachings 
and     injurious    to    the    truth.     By    pursuing    this 
straightforward   and    consisten-t   course    the    Lord 
abundantly  blessed  their  labors.     Mr.  Borum  has 
served  the  following  churches  :  Elon,  Grace,  Ripley, 
Covington,  Dyersburg,   Newborn,   Stanton,  Mount 
Olive,   Harmony,  Society  Hill,  Salem,  and   Poplar 
Grove,  in  Tennessee,  and  also  Osceola,   Ark.     lie 
had  charge  of  the  Elon  church  for  about  twenty- 
eight  years,  first  and  last.     He  served  the  Covington 
church    about    fifteen    years,   and    the    Dyersburg 
church    ten    years.      He    and    Kev.  G.  W.  Young 
assisted   in   the   organization  of  Elon,  Salem,  Iler- 
mon,  Grace  (Pleasant  Plains,   in  conjunction  witli 
Kev.   M.   G.   Turner),  and    Ripley,  in    Lauderdale 
County,  Dyersburg,   in  Dyer  County.     Rev.  J.  II. 
Borum  has  acted  as  agent  for  the  Brownsville  Fe 
male   College,    and    the   West    Tennessee    Baptist 
Convention  and  the  Southern  Baptist  Publication 
Society.   Memphis.   Tenn.     He   has  been  clerk  of 
Big  Hatchie   Association   for    twenty-eight  years, 
and  moderator  for  two  years  ;  and  he  has  acted  as ' 
secretary  of  the  West  Tennessee  Baptist  Convention 
and   the   Tennessee  Baptist  Convention  for  thirty 
years.     He  is  now  engaged  in  writing  the  history 


BOST1CK 


of  the  Baptist  ministers  of  Tennessee  (living  and 
dead)  by  the  request  of  his  brethren  of  the  State. 
He  is  a  "  L«ii<l-niarkcr,"  deeming  their  practice  as 
most  consistent,  and  most  agreeable  to  the  teach 
ings  of  God's  Word.  He  has  removed  to  Dyersburg, 
Dyer  Co.,  Tenn..  where  he  expects  to  finish  his 
rourse.  He  is  now  (ISSU)  the  pastor  of  Dyers- 
bur<i,  Elon,  Newborn,  and  Poplar  *  irove  cliurches. 
Bostick,  Rev.  Joseph  M.,  a  native  of  Beaufort, 
now  Hampton  Co.,  S.  C.  He  grew  up  surrounded 


REV.    JOSEPH    M.    BOSTICK. 

by  every  luxury  and  advantage  that  wealth  could 
afford,  yet  remarkably  free  from  the  vices  too  often 
incident  to  his  station  in  life.  He  graduated  at 
Furman  University.  Greenville.  S.  C.,  and  at  Prince 
ton  Theological  Seminary.  He  was  for  several 
years  pastor  at  Cheraw,  S.  C.  He  now  ministers 
to  the  church  at  Barmvell,  S.  C.,  where  he  is  greatly 
beloved. 

Naturally  an  utter  stranger  to  fear,  it  is  well  for 
him  and  others  that  he  was  converted  in  early  life. 
His  vehemence  was  at  once  turned  into  a  new  chan 
nel.  His  piety  is  more  like  that  of  Paul  and  John 
than  the  cold  and  respectable  type  now  so  common. 
Generosity  is.  perhaps,  even  a  fault  in  him.  His 
talents,  superior  literary  attainments,  and  his  de 
voted  piety  fit  him  eminently  for  usefulness  in  a 
far  higher  position  than  he  has  ever  occupied.  His 
modesty  has  kept  him  in  the  background,  while 
others  without  a  tithe  of  his  qualifications  have 
occupied  more  conspicuous  positions. 

Bostick,  Rev.  W.  M.,  was  born  in  Richmond 
Co.,  N.  C.  ;  attended  an  academy  in  Carthage  at 
eighteen ;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  A.  D.  Blackwood 


116  BOSTON 

in  August,  1853  ;  read  theology  for  two  years  with 
the  Rev.  Archibald  McQueen,  a  Presbyterian  min 
ister  ;  was  ordained  by  a  Presbytery,  consisting  of 
Revs.  Enoch  Crutchfield,  John  Mercer,  Nath.  Rich 
ardson,  and  F.  M.  Jordan,  and  has  been,  since 
1S71,  the  moderator  of  the  Pee  Dee  Association. 

Boston,  First  Baptist  Church.— On  the  7th  of 
•Tune,  ISO"),  the  First  church  in  Boston  celebrated 
its  two  hundredth  anniversary. 

On  '•  the  28th  of  the  third  month,  1GG5,  in  Charles- 
town.  Mass.,  the  church  of  Christ,  commonly, 
though  falsely,  called  Anabaptists,  were  gathered 
together,  and  entered  into  fellowship  and  commu 
nion  with  each  other ;  engaging  to  walk  together 
in  all  the  appointments  of  their  Lord  and  Master, 
the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  as  far  as  he  should  be  pleased 
to  make  known  his  mind  and  will  unto  them,  by 
his  Word  and  Spirit,  and  then  were  baptized."  Here 
follows  the  names  of  sundry  persons  who,  with 
others  from  Old  England  of  like  faith,  formed  them 
selves  into  a  Baptist  church.  Such  is  the  first 
record  on  the  books  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Boston.  The  "  third  month"  here  alluded  to  dates 
from  the  1st  of  March,  according  to  the  old  reck 
oning,  and  taking  into  the  account  the  change  from 
the  "  old  style"  to  the  "  new  style,"  we  are  brought 
to  the  7th  of  June,  as  corresponding  to  "  the  28th 
of  the  third  month." 

The  little  band  of  disciples  of  Christ  began  at 
once  to  feel  the  rigor  of  ecclesiastical  persecution. 
Having  erected  what  we  doubt  not  was  a  plain,  un 
pretending  house  of  worship,  they  were,  by  legal 
enactment,  forbidden  to  use  it  for  religious  pur 
poses.  Orders  were  issued  to  the  marshal  to  see  to 
it  that  its  doors  were  not  opened,  and  in  the  faith 
ful  performance  of  his  duty  he  caused  to  be  nailed 
up  on  the  door  this  interesting  order  : 

"All  persons  are  to  take  notice,  that  by  order  of 
the  court  the  doors  of  this  house  are  shut  up,  and 
that  they  are  inhibited  to  hold  any  meeting  therein, 
or  to  open  the  doors  thereof,  without  license  from 
authority,  till  the  court  take  further  order,  as  they 
will  answer  the  contrary  at  their  peril. 

'•EDWARD  RAWSO.V,  Secretary." 
In  vain  they  protested  against  such  treatment, 
and  pointed  out  the  inconsistency  of  those  who  had 
fled  from  persecution  in  the  Old  World  resorting 
to  it  in  the  New.  A  public  disputation  was  ap 
pointed  by  the  governor,  with  the  hope  that  the 
obstinate  Baptists  might  be  convinced  of  their  error, 
and  come  into  the  more  respectable  and  the  more 
orderly  fold  of  the  "  standing  order.'1  The  time  set 
apart  to  hold  this  important  discussion  was  nine 
o'clock  in  the  morning  of  April  14,  1668.  "  The 
Baptists."  says  Dr.  Neale,  "  were  on  hand  promptly 
at  the  appointed  hour,  each  with  his  New  Testa 
ment,  ready  marked,  and  the  leaves  turned  down. 
Nothing  pleased  them  better  than  an  opportunity 


BOSTON 


117 


BOSTON 


for  free  speech  and  Scripture  quotations.  They 
came  from  all  quarters.  Three  brethren  were  sent 
from  the  church  in  Xewport  to  assist  their  brethren 
in  Boston,  it  was  said,  though  the  Boston  Baptists 
then,  as  now,  felt  abundantly  competent  to  manage 
their  own  affairs.  Providence,  no  doubt,  was  ably 
represented.  The  followers  of  Roger  Williams  were 
always  courageous,  and  like  the  sons  of  Rhode 
Island  in  the  late  conflict,  were  never  known  to  flee 
or  flinch  in  the  presence  of  an  enemy."  And  yet 
after  all  ''  the  flourish  of  arms,"  the  poor  Baptists 
were  regarded  as  miserable  heretics,  whom  learned 
divines  might  lecture,  but  to  whom  they  were  not 
permitted  to  reply.  Their  cause  was  already  pre 
judged  before  the  appointed  hearing  commenced. 

As  the  years  rolled  by,  and  a  more  liberal  spirit 
began  to  spread  through  the  community,  the 
severity  of  persecution  wtis  mitigated.  The  first 
pastor  of  the  church  was  Thomas  Gould.  He  was 
followed  by  Isaac  Hull,  both  of  them  being  assisted 
in  their  work  by  John  Russell.  Pastors  and  asso 
ciate  "  elders''  seem  to  have  been  the  order  of  things 
for  several  years.  We  come  down  to  the  time  of 
the  ordination  of  Elisha  Cullender,  a  young  man  of 
much  promise,  who  had  graduated  from  Harvard 
College  in  the  class  of  1810,  and  was  set  apart  to 
the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry  May  21,  1718.  Mr. 
Callender  was  the  greatly  beloved  pastor  (if  the 
church  for  twenty  years,  and  died  March  31.  1738. 
His  last  words  were.  "  I  shall  sleep  in  Jesus." 

The  next  pastor  was  Rev.  Jeremiah  Lundy? 
who  held  the  office  for  twenty-five  years.  lie  was 
followed  by  Samuel  Stillman.  D.I).,  of  whose  pas 
torate  the  reader  will  find  a  full  account  in  the  bio 
graphical  sketch  of  him  in  this  volume.  Dr.  Neale 
says  of  him,  '•  No  pastor  before  or  since  was  ever 
more  beloved  bv  his  church.  His  popularity  was 
uninterrupted,  and  greater,  if  possible,  in  his  old 
age  than  in  his  youth.  A  few  individuals  who 
sat  under  his  ministry,  ami  who  were  quite  young 
when  he  was  an  old  man,  still  survive.  They  never 
weary  of  talking  about  him,  and  even  now  speak 
of  .this  as  Dr.  Stillman's  church.  They  looked  at 
the  venerable  pastor  not  only  with  the  profoundest 
respect,  but  with  the  observant  eye  of  childhood. 
They  noticed  and  remembered  everything  in  his  ex 
ternal  appearance,  his  wig  and  gown  and  bands, 
his  horse  and  carriage,  and  negro  man  Jephtha, — 
how  he  walked,  how  he  talked,  how  he  baptized, 
the  peculiar  manner  in  which  he  began  his  prayers, 
"0  thon  Father  of  mercies  and  God  of  all  grace.'' 
"  Dr.  Stillman,"  continues  Dr.  Neale,  "  was 
probably  the  most  popular  orator  of  his  day.  The 
most  distinguished  men  in  the  Commonwealth  were 
often  present  at  his  public  services.  The  elder 
President  Adams  was  a  delighted  listener  to  his 
sermons.  Governor  Hancock  became,  in  the  latter 
part  of  his  life,  a  regular  member  of  his  congrega 


tion.  Persons  who  cared  nothing  for  his  theology 
were  attracted  bv  his  fame  as  a  public  speaker.  A 
strange  gentleman  of  this  class  was  one  day  present 
at  church,  and  seemed  restless  and  uneasy  under 
the  strong  doctrines  of  human  depravity,  divine 
.sovereignty,  and  future  retribution  that  were  often 
on  the  preacher's  lips.  On  the  present  occasion  his 
denunciations  of  sin  had  been  unusually  pointed 
and  scathing.  '  Really,'  the  gentleman  remarked, 
as  he  went  out  of  the  sanctuary,  'the  doctor  makes 
us  all  out  a  set  of  rascals,  but  he  does  it  so  grace 
fully  and  eloquently  that  I  am  not  disposed  to  find 
fault.'  "  Dr.  Stillman  died  on  the  12th  of  March, 
1807. 

The  Rev.  Joseph  Clay,  of  Georgia,  who  had  been 
called  to  be  a  colleague  with  Dr.  Stillman,  entered 
upon  his  duties  as  sole  pastor  of  the  church,  and 
was  installed  as  such  in  the  August  succeeding 
the  death  of  his  predecessor.  He  preached  to  the 
church,  however,  only  a  year,  and  then  his  health 
giving  way,  he  resigned  and  returned  to  his  native 
South.  James  Manning  Winchell  was  the  suc 
cessor  of  Mr.  Clay.  Notice  of  his  ministry  will  be 
found  in  the  sketch  under  his  name.  The  same  may 
be  said  of  the  ministry  of  his  successor,  Francis 
Wayland.  Rev.  Cyrus  P.  Grosvenor  was  the  next 
pastor,  continuing  in  office  for  nearly  four  years. 
He  was  followed  by  Rev.  William  Hague,  who  was 
installed  Feb.  5,  1831.  and  resigned  at  the  end  of 
six  years  to  go  to  the  First  Church,  in  Providence. 
\  R.  I.  His  successor  was  llollin  Heber  Neale.  D.D., 
who  was  installed  Sept.  27.  1837,  and  continued 
sole  pastor  of  the  church,  which  has  been  remark- 
ablv  blessed  under  his  long  ministry,  until  its  union 
with  the  Shawmut  Avenue  church,  in  1S77,  at  the 
time  of  the  writing  of  this  sketch.  Rev.  Dr.  Crane, 
for  many  years  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church, 
in  Hartford,  Conn.,  is  the  pastor  of  the  united 
churches,  which  retained  the  old  and  honored  name, 
"  The  First  Baptist  church  of  Boston.'' 

Boston,  Rev.  S.  C.,  was  born  near  Rchoboth, 
Somerset  Co..  Md..  Aug.  23.  1820.  For  three  years 
he  pursued  his  studies  at  the  Baptist  Seminary 
(Richmond  College),  Va..  and  then  entered  the 
Columbian  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1845. 
He  entered  at  once  on  the  work  of  the  ministry, 
and  for  several  years  labored  as  missionary  under 
the  board  of  the  Maryland  Union  Association,  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland. 
Mr.  Boston  was  instrumental  in  building  several 
church  edifices  in  the  State,  and  in  repairing  and 
beautifving  others.  From  1857  to  1859  he  was 
pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Petersburg. 
Ya.  :  from  1800  to  18C>7.  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Farmville.  Ya.  :  from  18(37  to  18(>9,  pastor  of  the 
Lee  Street  church,  Baltimore:  from  1870  to  1872- 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Frenchtown,  N.  J.  ;  and 
from  1872  to  1877.  pastor  of  the  Bruington  church, 


BOS  WORTH 


118 


BOSWORTH 


Va.  In  1877  he  entered  on  the  pastorate  of  the 
Onancock  cliurrli,  Accomac  Co.,  Va.,  where  lie 
still  labors.  .Mr.  Boston  has  been  greatly  blessed 
in  his  labors,  having  baptized  nearly  300  persons, 
and  having  trained  his  churches  to  the  performance 
of  all  good  works.  He  has  been  an  occasional 
contributor  to  the  religious  papers  and  periodicals, 
and  is  deeply  interested  in  all  the  educational 
movements  of  the  denomination.  Mr.  Boston  is 
the  father  of  the  Rev.  P.  R.  Boston,  a  successful 
young  minister,  now  settled  at  Hampton.  A'a. 

Bosworth,  Hon.  Alfred,  was  born  in  Warren, 
R.  T.,  Jan.  2S,  IS  12.  Tie  graduated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity,  in  the  class  of  IS)};").  He  studied  law  in 
the  office  of  Judge  Haile,  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1838,  and,  after  a  brief  residence  in  another 
place,  returned  to  Warren,  where  he  practiced  his 
profession  until  the  year  1854,  when,  on  the  death 
of  Judge  Haile,  he  was  appointed  his  successor  as 
a  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Rhode  Island. 
While  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  he  con 
ducted  many  important  cases,  not  only  in  the 
courts  of  his  own  State,  but  in  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States,  being  associated  with  some 
of  the  most  distinguished  lawyers  in  the  country. 
lie  was  elected  a  member  of  the  corporation  of 
Brown  University  on  the  Baptist  foundation  in 
1854,  and  for  eight  years  was  faithful  in  the  dis 
charge  of  his  duties  as  a  trustee  of  the  college. 
Although  not  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Warren,  he  was  an  attendant  upon  its  worship,  and 
interested  in  all  that  concerned  its  prosperity. 
.Judge  Bosworth  died  at  Warren,  May  10,  1862, 
aged  fifty  years  and  four  months. 

Bosworth,  Geo.  Wm.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Bel- 
lingham.  Norfolk  Co.,  Mass.,  Sept.  30,  1818.  His 
parents  were  members  of  the  Baptist  church.  At 
the  aire  of  thirteen  he  became  deeply  interested  in 
religion  and  united  with  the  church,  being  baptized 
by  Rev.  Calvin  Newton,  then  the  pastor,  bv  whose 
encouragement  he  soon  began  to  speak  and  pray  in 
religious  meetings. 

In  1831,  Mr.  Newton  became  a  professor  in  Wa- 
terville  College,  and  the  year  following  took  young 
Bosworth  into  his  family  and  fitted  him  for  college, 
which  he  entered  in  the  class  of  1837.  His  col 
legiate  course  was  interrupted  bv  ill  health,  but 
he  was  awarded  graduation  rank  by  the  board  of 
trustees,  also  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1854,  and  that 
of  D.I),  in  1862.  He  took  the  regular  course  in 
Newton  Theological  Institution,  graduating  in  1841. 

In  September.  1841,  he  was  ordained  as  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Medford.  near  Boston,  the 
church  being  publicly  "recognized"  on  the  same 
occasion.  After  a  successful  ministry  of  nearly  five 
years  in  Medford,  he  became  the  pastor  of  the  South 
Baptist  church  in  Boston,  his  installation  occurring 

1  O 

March  29,  1846.      Here  he  remained  for  nine  years, 


during  which  the  church  enjoyed  prosperity.  He 
then  removed  to  Portland,  Me.,  and  became  pastor 
of  the  Free  Street  Baptist  church.  February,  1855, 
which  connection  was  sustained  till  Sept.  3,  1865. 


CEO.     \VM.     UOSH'ORTII,     D.I). 

During  this  period  Dr.  Bosworth  took  a  very  active 
part  in  the  service  which  secured  the  endowment 
of  Waterville  College,  now  Colby  University. 

To  obtain  a  partial  relief  from  exhausting  labors 
he  severed  his  union  with  the  Free  Street  church, 
against  their  urgent  remonstrances,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Lawrence, 
Mass.,  Aug.  10,  1865.  and  remained  there  till  the 
dose  of  January.  lSti<),  when  lie  became  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Ilaverhill,  commencing 
his  labors  Feb.  7.  1869. 

From  his  ordination  till  now  he  has  not  been  out 
of  the  pastoral  connection  for  a  single  Sabbath. 
Aside  from  the  ministerial  service  he  has  been 
much  engaged  in  denominational  activities. — secre 
tary  of  the  Massachusetts  Convention  from  1852 
to  1855 :  secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees  of 
Newton  Theological  Institution  from  1865  till  this 
time  :  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Maine  Bap 
tist  Education  Society  from  1856  till  he  left  the 
State,  in  1865;  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
Northern  Baptist  Education  Society  from  1865  till 
the  present  time.  And  he  has  been  elected  to  fill 
the  place  of  secretary  and  superintendent  of  the 
Massachusetts  Baptist  Convention,  and  has  ac 
cepted  the  appointment,  having  announced  to  the 
church  in  Ilaverhill  his  purpose  to  close  his  pas 
toral  labors  at  the  termination  of  ten  years  of 
service. 


BOTSFORD 


119 


Boric 


Botsford,  B-6V.  Edmund,  came  to  Charleston, 
S.  C.,  in  1766.  November  1  of  the  same  year  he  was 
converted  under  the  ministry  of  Oliver  Hart,  "a 
day,''  says  Mr.  Botsford,  ''of  light,  a  day  of  joy 
and  peace.''  Having  expressed  a  wish  to  enter  the 
ministry,  he  was  placed  under  the  instruction  of 
Mr.  Williams,  a  learned  and  pious  member  of  the 
church.  Mr.  Hart  directed  his  theological  studies. 
He  was  licensed  in  February,  1771,  and  ordained 
March,  177-.  The  fathers  of  those  days  regarded, 
more  than  we  do,  the  injunction,  "  Lay  hands  sud 
denly  on  no  man."  Dr.  Manly,  Sr.,  says,  "The 
young  men  were  not  ordained  until  they  had  vis 
ited  some  of  the  churches  and  preached  before  the 
Association  and  obtained  their  approbation." 

lie  labored  with  great  acceptance  in  Charleston 
for  a  time,  and  then  traveled  and  preached  exten 
sively  and  with  eminent  success  in  several  States. 
He  finally  settled  in  Georgetown,  S.  C.,  where  he  was 
the  beloved  and  honored  pastor  for  twenty-three 
years.  There  he  rested  on  the  25th  of  December, 
1819,  in  the  seventy-fifth  year  of  his  age. 

Mr.  Botsford  had  a  strong  faith  in  the  Saviour's 
abiding  presence,  and  he  enjoyed  much  of  the 
Spirit's  power  in  his  heart.  His  labors  in  Geor 
gia  were  eminently  blessed,  and  he  is  revered  as 
one  of  the  illustrious  and  heaven-honored  founders 
of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  that  State,  and  he 
has  the  same  distinguished  position  in  the  Baptist 
history  of  South  Carolina. 

Boucher,  Joan,  was  a  lady  of  Kent,  England, 
whose  position  in  society  was  so  exalted  that  she 
had  access  to  the  court  of  Henry  VIII.,  and  for  a 
time  held  an  honorable  position  in  it.  This  lady 
was  accustomed  to  take  Bibles  into  the  palace  for 
distribution,  concealed  under  her  apparel.  She 
visited  the  persecuted  in  prison,  and  contributed 
to  their  support  and  encouragement.  She  loved 
Christ,  and  she  received  such  courageous  grace 
from  him  that  she  feared  nothing  human  and 
nothing  painful.  She  would  defy  a  dozen  bishops, 
or  as  many  executioners,  if  they  attempted  to  com 
pel  her  to  deny  her  faith.  Her  talents  made  her  a 
serious  opponent  in  any  discussion,  even  though 
Cramner  or  Ridley  took  the  other  side. 

Joan  was  a  firm  Baptist,  and  she  held  a  peculiar 
opinion  about  the  origin  of  the  Saviour's  body. 
"  You  believe,"  said  Cranmer  to  her.  "  that  the 
Word  was  made  flesh  in  the  virgin,  but  that  Christ 
took  flesh  of  the  virgin  you  believe  not.  because 
the  flesh  of  the  virgin  being  the  outward  man 
[was]  sinfully  gotten,  and  born  in  sin,  but  the 
Word,  by  the  consent  of  the  inward  man  of  the  vir 
gin,  was  made  flesh."  This  conceit  held  by  Joan 
did  not  impugn  the  divinity  or  humanity  of  Christ, 
or  the  maternal  relations  of  Mary  to  Jesus,  and 
Cranmer  might  have  safely  passed  it  by.  But  she 
was  an  Anabaptist,  and  she  must  recant  or  be 


burned.  She  defended  her  doctrine  of  Christ's 
purity  of  nature  with  great  power  and  persever 
ance,  and  the  protracted  efforts  of  two  of  the 
ablest  prelates  in  the  Church  of  England  failed  to 
make  any  impression  upon  her.  She  was  then  de 
livered  up  to  the  secular  power  for  punishment. 
Cranmer  had  much  trouble  in  persuading  the 
youthful  king  Edward  VI.  to  sign  her  death-war 
rant.  He  told  him  with  tears  in  his  eyes  that  if 
lie  did  wrong,  since  it  was  in  submission  to  his  au 
thority,  the  archbishop  should  answer  for  it  before 
God.  "  This  struck  him  with  much  horror,  so  that 
he  was  very  unwilling  to  have  the  sentence  exe 
cuted."  But  other  attempts  to  make  Joan  re 
nounce  her  opinions  were  made  with  provoking 
results  ;  and  this  distinguished  Baptist  was  burned 
to  ashes  almost  exclusively  through  the  efforts  of 
Archbishop  Cranmer.  She  passed  through  the 
flames  to  paradise  May  2,  lo.">0,  in  Smithfield, 
London.  Her  death  was  marked  by  perfect  fear 
lessness  and  by  the  full  peace  of  God.  In  Mary's 
time  poor  Cranmer  had  to  drink  the  cup  he  forced 
on  Joan  Boucher,  and  the  lady's  courage  far  sur 
passed  the  archbishop's  when  the  time  of  trial  first 
approached. 
Bouic,  Hon.  William  Veirs,  was  born  near 

Edward's  Ferry,   Montgomery   Co.,  Md.,   May   11, 


HO.V.    WILLIAM    VEIRS    BOUIC1. 

1818.  His  father's  family  were  for  many  genera 
tions  the  honored  residents  of  Acqueville,  France, 
some  of  whom  were  distinguished  among  the  clergy 


BOULWARE 


120 


BOUTELLE 


of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church  of  that  country,  and 
especially  Louis  Doinince,  who  was  a  canon  of  the 
Cathedral  church  of  Rouen.  Judge  Bouic's  father 
was  Peter  Anable  Tranquelle  Bouic.  who  died  in 
Maryland  in  1823.  Mr.  Bouic  received  liis  early 
education  at  a  school  in  the  neighborhood,  and  at 
the  age  of  twelve  removing  to  Rockville,  Md.,  he 
attended  the  academy  there  for  several  year.-,  and 
finally  graduated  in  the  full  course.  Upon  leaving 
school  lie  entered  the  law-office  of  John  Brewer, 
Esq.,  Rockville.  and  at  the  termination  of  his  course 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bur.  Having  practiced  for 
a  while  at  Warrenton,  Mo.,  he  returned  to  Rock 
ville  to  prosecute  his  profession.  Judge  Bouic  ren 
dered  valuable  services  to  his  countrv  during  the 
war  by  restraining  violence  and  mitigating  its  ter 
rible  evils  wherever  he  had  the  power.  He  is  in 
terested  in  all  educational  enterprises;  a  firm  friend 
of  the  academy  in  his  town,  and  one  of  the  over 
seers  of  the  Columbian  University,  at  which  a  son 
of  his,  a  promising  young  lawyer,  graduated  with 
honors.  Although  Judge  Bouic's  father  was  a 
Catholic  and  his  mother  an  Episcopalian,  he.  at 
his  conversion,  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
Rockville  when  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age.  and 
still  is  an  active  member  of  that  body.  He  was 
appointed  in  1S41).  by  the  attorney-general  of  the 
State  of  Maryland,  deputy  attorney-general  for 
Montgomery  County,  and  that  office  having  been 
abolished,  lie  was  elected  in  ]S51  to  the  office  of 
State  attorney  for  the  same  county  for  the  period 
of  four  years,  which  office  he  continued  to  hold  and 
adorn  by  successive  elections  until  1867.  In  that 
year  he  was  elected  an  associate  judge  of  the  Cir 
cuit  Court  for  the  Sixth  Judicial  Circuit  of  the 
State  for  the  term  of  fifteen  years.  Judge  Bouic 
is  ever  awake  to  the  interests  of  his  fellow-towns 
men,  and  has  done  much  by  his  personal  efforts  to 
make  Rockville  one  of  the  most  beautiful  towns  in 
the  State. 

Boulware,  Rev.  Theodorick,  was  born  in  Vir 
ginia.  November  13.  1781  >.  He  was  converted  at 
the  age  of  ten  years.  He  was  ordained  in  1810.  lie 
spent  seventeen  years  preaching  in  Kentucky.  He 
removed  to  Missouri  in  1827,  and  lived  in  Calla- 
way  County.  He  was  a  man  of  a  high  order  of 
talent,  well  educated,  energetic,  and  an  impressive 
preacher,  and  he  stood  in  the  front  rank  as  a  de 
fender  of  the  faith.  He  took  a  bold  stand  against 
the  organization  of  the  General  Association  because 
of  his  anti-mission  principles,  and  lived  and  died 
connected  with  the  Old-School  Baptists.  He  died 
Sept.  21,  1S67. 

Boutelle,  Hon.  Timothy,  was  born  at  Lcomin- 
ster,  Mass.,  Nov.  10.  1777.  The  labors  of  the  farm. 
on  which  he  passed  his  early  days,  making  too  severe 
a  draft  on  a  naturally  delicate  constitution,  his 
father  was  induced  to  cive  him  an  education.  In 


this  decision  he  was  greatly  encouraged  by  observ 
ing  in  his  son  evidences  of  mental  vigor  and  an 
aptness  for  study,  which  gave  promise  of  success 
in  whatever  profession  he  might  select  as  the  busi 
ness  of  his  life,  lie  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
in  the  class  of  IMJU.  Among  his  classmates  were 


HON.    TIMOTHY    BOI'TEI.I.E. 

Washington  Allston,  the  celebrated  painter,  the 
Rev.  J.  S.  Buckininster,  the  eloquent  pastor  of  the 
Brattle  Square  church  in  Boston,  and  the  late  Chief- 
Justice  Shaw,  of  Massachusetts,  who  was  his  room 
mate.  In  a  class  thus  distinguished  for  ability. 
Mr.  Boutelle  graduated  with  high  reputation  as  a 
scholar.  For  one  year  after  he  was  an  assistant 
teacher  at  the  Leicester  Academy.  In  1801  he  en 
tered  the  law-office  of  Hon.  Abijah  Bigelow.  of 
Leominster.  with  whom  he  remained  three  years. 
Having  been  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1804,  he  re 
moved  to  Waterville.  Me.,  and  commenced  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession.  He  soon  rose  to  eminence 
as  a  lawyer,  and  bad  in  some  respects  the  best 
practice  in  his  county.  "  He  uniformly  had  the 
respect  and  confidence  of  the  court  as  a  sound  and 
able  lawyer,  and  was  influential  with  the  jury,  be 
cause  he  presented  his  views  with  clearness  and 
force,  and  appeared  before  them  with  the  moral 
power  of  an  honest  man."  For  a  number  of  years 
he  represented  his  town  in  both  branches  of  the 
Legislature,  where  he  was  during  his  whole  term 
of  service  on  the  important  Judiciary  Committee, 
and  frequently  its  chairman.  It  was  while  he  was 
in  the  Senate  that  mainly  through  his  influence  a 
charter  was  obtained,  in  1820,  for  Waterville  Col- 


BOWERS 


121 


BOYCK 


lege,  now  Colby  University.  For  many  years  he 
was  a  trustee  of  the  college,  and  its  treasurer,  and 
received  from  the  institution,  in  1839,  the  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

Mr.  Boutelle  was  an  habitual  worshiper  at  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Waterville.  The  writer  of 
this  sketch  recalls  with  pleasure  the  constancy  of 
his  attendance  upon  the  public  services  of  the  Salt- 
bath,  and  the  devoutness  of  his  demeanor  in  the 
house  of  God.  It  was  no  small  encouragement 
to  him  that  he  had  in  his  congregation  one  who 
cast  the  full  weight  of  his  great  influence  on  the 
side  of  good  order  and  religion.  His  was  a  lift 
of  great  activity,  honorably  and  well  spent.  He 
died  Nov.  12.  1855,  at  the  ripe  age  of  seventy-eight 
years. 

Bowers,  Charles  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Jan.  10,  ISlT.  He  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  the  class  of  1838.  Having  spent  one  year  in  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution,  In;  was  ordained 
pastor  of  tin;  church  in  Lexington.  Mass.,  Sept.  9, 
1841.  The  relation  continued  for  four  years, — 
1841-45. — when  lit;  decided  to  accept  a  call  to  the 
church  in  Clinton,  Mass.,  where  he  has  been  the 
pastor  ever  since.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  Legislature  one  year, — the  session  of 
1865-(')fj.  For  twelve  years  he  has  been  the  efli- 
cient  secretary  of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  State 
Convention. 

Dr.  Bowers  received  his  degree  from  Brown 
University  in  INTO. 

Bowers,  Marmion  H.,  was  born  at  Moore's 
Hill.  Dearborn  Co.,  Ind.  ;  educated  at  Farmer's 
College,  0.  ;  studied  law  at  the  State  University, 
Bloomington,  Ind.  ;  practiced  law  at  Aurora.  Ind., 
and  edited  a  newspaper;  removed  to  Texas  in 
1852;  resumed  practice  of  law  at  Austin,  1853; 
raised  a  company  for  Confederate  service  in  18(51  ; 
elected  captain  of  Company  C,  Ifith  liegt.  Texas 
Volunteer  Infantry  (Flournoy's)  ;  loss  of  health 
caused  his  early  resignation  ;  elected,  while  absent 
from  Austin,  a  member  of  10th  Legislature  from 
Travis  County  ;  made  his  reputation  by  urging 
legislative  enactments  against  irregular  impress 
ments  of  property  by  Confederate  States  agents 
and  others;  edited  Southern  Intelligencer  a  few 
months  after  the  war:  in  1809  elected  State  Sena 
tor  from  Travis  district;  took  a  commanding  part 
in  all  important  measures  of  the  several  sessions 
of  that  Legislature,  resisting  the  arbitrary  school, 
militia,  and  police  bills.  His  speech  on  martial 
law  in  time  of  peace  is  regarded  as  exhaustive 
and  conclusive.  He  reached  a  high  position  at  the 
Austin  bar.  He  was  a  consistent  and  earnest  mem 
ber  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Austin  from  1854  to 
the  time  of  his  death,  March  3,  1872. 

Bowker,    S.  D.,  M.D.,  was   born    in    Courtland 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  10,  1830.     He  graduated  at  Faii- 
9 


mount  Theological  Seminary,  and  was  a  si 
minister  at  several  important  points.  He  had  bap 
tized  over  800  persons  when  fifty  years  of  age. 
Several  church  edifices  stand  as  monuments  of  his 
untiring  labors.  The  last  one  built  under  his 
superintendence  was  the  one  at  Leadville,  Col. 
Without  his  self-sacrificing  labor  it  would  not  have 
been  erected.  Having  graduated  in  medicine-  as 
well  as  iu  theology,  he  practiced  the  healing  art. 
He  ranks  among  the  most  skillful  physicians  of. 
Leadville.  and  is  much  respected  for  his  good  deeds 
of  sympathy  and  benevolence  as  well  as  lor  his 
abilities. 

Bowles,  Rev.  Ralph  H.,  son  of  Ralph  II.  and 
Rebecca  Bowles,  was  born  in  Hartford.  Conn.; 
fitted  for  college  in  Connecticut  Literary  Institu 
tion  ;  graduated  at  Trinity  College  in  1848  :  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1851  ;  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Tarift'ville.  Conn., 
in  1850;  settlements  afterward  were  in  llranford, 
Conn.  ;  Lee,  Brighton,  West  Newton,  Lee  (second 
time),  Mass.  ;  CJreenbusli.  N.  Y.  ;  Jewett  City.  New 
Hartford,  and  Canton,  Conn.  ;  a  devout,  earnest, 
and  indefatigable  worker. 

Boyce,  James  Pettigru,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor 
of  Systematic  Theology,  Church  Government,  and 


JAMES,    PETTRJKL-     JiOVCE,    D.I).,    1.1, .1). 

Pastoral  Duties  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theologi- 
•al  Seminary,  and  chairman  of  its  faculty,  was 

born  of  Scotch-Irish  parents  at  Charleston,  S.  C., 

Jan.  11,  1827.  After  spending  two  years  at 
Charleston  College,  he  entered  Brown  University, 

where  he  graduated  in  1847.     He  was  baptized  by 


BO  YD 


122 


BO  YD 


Rev.  Richard  Fuller,  !>.!>.,  and  united  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  at  Charleston  in  1840.  lie  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1S47.  and  for  six  months  of 
the  following  year  he  edited  the  Southern  Baptist. 
In  1849  he  entered  Princeton  Theological  Seminary, 
whore  lie  remained  two  years.  In  1ST>1  he  was  or 
dained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Columbia, 
S.  C..  where  he  preached  until  Is.")"),  when  he  ac 
cepted  a  professorship  of  Theology  in  Furman  I'ni- 
versitv.  His  inaugural  address  was  delivered 
during  the  succeeding  commencement,  in  -July, 
1S")G.  Its  subject  was,  ''Three  Changes  in  Theo 
logical  Education."  The  address  did  much  in 
strengthening  the  cause  of  theological  education 
in  the  South,  lending  many  to  favor  it  who  had 
hitherto  opposed  it,  and  laying  the  foundation  of 
the  peculiar  system  of  teaching  afterwards  adopted 
in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary.  In 
l>f)S  and  ISfyj,  Dr.  Boyce  was  elected  professor 
in  this  institution,  with  the  privilege  of  selecting 
his  chair,  and  was  also  made  chairman  of  its 
faculty.  To  these  offices  have  since  been  added 
those  of  treasurer  and  general  agent,  which  posi 
tions  he  still  holds. 

He  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  South  Carolina 
Legislature  in  1862.  and  re-elected  in  1864.  He 
took  a  prominent  part  in  the  business  of  that  body. 
Two  of  his  speeches,  advocating  the  indorsement  of 
a  definite  amount  of  Confederate  bonds  by  the  State, 
were  published.  He  also  published  a  pamphlet  on 
that  subject. 

His  principal  publications  arc,  "A  Brief  Cate 
chism  on  Bible  Doctrines";  "The  Doctrine  and 
U>es  of  the  Sanctuary,''  a  sermon  at  the  dedica 
tion  of  Columbia  Baptist  Church;  "Death  and 
Life  the  Christian's  Portion,"  occasioned  by  the 
death  of  Rev.  B.  Manly,  Sr.,  D:D.  ;  and  "The 
Suffering  Christ,''  published  in  the  Baptist  Quar 
terly  of  October,  1870.  He  has  a  great  intellect, 
tireless  energy,  and  extraordinary  executive  ability, 
and  to  him,  more  than  to  all  others,  the  South 
ern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  owes  its  exist 
ence.  His  private  library  comprises  over  13,000 
volumes. 

Boyd,  Robert,  D.D.  —  This  widely  known 
minister  of  Christ  was  born  in  Girvin,  Ayrshire, 
Scotland,  Aug.  24,  1816,  and  died  at  his  home  in 
Waukesha,  "NVis.,  Aug.  1.  1879,  aged  sixty-three 
years.  His  parents  were  devoted  members  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  and  he  was  indebted  to  them 
for  an  early  Christian  education.  Converted  at 
the  age  of  fifteen,  impressed  almost  simultaneously 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach,  he  began  at  once 
to  address  public  assemblies  with  great  acceptance. 
His  attention  having  been  called  to  the  question 
of  baptism,  he  gave  the  subject  prayerful  and  un 
prejudiced  examination,  which  resulted  in  his  be 
coming  a  Baptist.  In  1843,  Dr.  Boyd  came  to 


America,  and  settled  as  pastor  at  Brockville, 
Canada.  Subsequently  he  served  the  churches 
at  London  and  Hamilton,  Canada,  with  great  effi 
ciency.  Owing  to  failure  of  health  he  came  in  1854 
to  Waterville,  Wis.,  and  settled  on  a  farm.  His 
health  having  been  restored,  he  accepted  the  pas 
torate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Waukesha,  and 
afterwards  he  took  charge  of  the  Edina  Place  Bap 
tist  church,  Chicago,  111.  In  1863,  owing  to  an 
attack  of  paralysis  so  impairing  his  health  as  to 
unfit  him  for  the  duties  of  his  city  pastorate,  he 
came  again  to  Waukesha.  The  same  year  Shurt- 
leff  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  D.I). 
Although  paralyzed  to  such  an  extent  that  he  had 
to  be  carried  into  the  pulpit  in  his  chair,  and  to 
preach  sitting,  he  proclaimed  the  good  news  with 
great  power  for  four  years  to  the  Baptist  church 
in  Waukesha.  In  1867  he  was  finally  prostrated 
to  such  an  extent  as  to  be  confined  thereafter  to 
his  house  until  death  summoned  him  up  higher. 
Although  he  resigned  his  pastorate,  the  church  de 
clined  to  accept  it.  For  about  twelve  years  he  was 
helpless  on  his  bed.  His  intellect,  however,  re 
mained  unimpaired,  and  during  these  years  the 
best  work  of  his  life  was  accomplished.  He  em 
ployed  his  time  in  the  production  of  the  books 
which  he  left  as  a  precious  legacy  to  the  church 
of  Christ.  As  the  result  of  his  labor  he  prepared 
for  the  press  "Glad  Tidings,''  "None  but  Christ." 
"Grace  and  Truth."  "The  Good  Shepherd,"  "The 
World's  Hope,''  "  AVee  Willie,"  "My  Enquiry 
Meeting,"  "  Lectures  to  Young  Converts,"  "Words 
of  Comfort  to  the  Afflicted,"  and  an  autobiography 
in  manuscript.  Dr.  Boyd  was  gifted  with  a  mind 
of  a  high  order,  and  every  power  he  possessed  was 
brought  into  service  for  Christ,  lie  had  a  profound 
reverence  for  the  sacred  Scriptures,  and  he  un 
folded  their  themes  with  a  variety  and  richness 
of  illustration  hardly  ever  surpassed.  His  delight 
was  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  he  easily  found 
Christ  crucified  in  every  theme.  The  great  salva 
tion  always  absorbed  his  soul,  and  the  atonement 
was  to  him  the  radiating  centre  of  saving  knowl 
edge.  As  a  pastor  he  lived  in  the  hearts  of  his 
people.  In  this  relation,  if  more  remarkable  in 
one  thing  than  another,  it  was  in  the  confidence 
which  he  inspired.  His  people  gave  up  their  minds 
and  hearts  to  him  without  suspicion  or  reserve. 
In  the  midst  of  great  suffering  he  evinced  remark 
able  fortitude  and  submission  to  the  will  of  God. 
lie  was  a  noble  specimen  of  a  man  and  a  Chris 
tian  minister.  He  has  bequeathed  to  his  family 
and  the  church  of  God  the  memory  of  a  life  with 
out  reproach,  devoted  to  the  cause  of  truth  without 
reserve. 

Boyd,  Willard  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  Nov. 
22,  1843,  in  Chemung  Co.,  N.  Y.  His  parents 
moved  to  Saco,  Me.,  when  he  was  two  years  old. 


BO  YD 


123 


BOYKIN 


He  was  prepared  for  college  at  fourteen  years  of 
age.  He  was  converted  at  the  age  of  twelve  years. 
His  father  died  when  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age, 
and  Willard  succeeded  him  in  superintending  a 


\VILI.ARD     \\  .    JiOVD,    D.D. 

factory  at  Springville,  Me.  In  this  place  there 
was  but  one  church,  a  Baptist,  whose  members 
were  few  in  number.  Dr.  Boyd  read  Spurgeon's 
sermons  to  them,  and  soon  began  to  speak  in  his 
own  language;  a  revival  followed,  and  the  con 
verts  asked  for  baptism.  lie  being  a  Congrega- 
tionalist,  studied  the  question  of  baptism,  and  soon, 
with  those  who  had  lately  found  Jesus,  he  was 
baptized.  In  1800  his  mother  died,  and  the  fol 
lowing  year  he  entered  Harvard  University,  where 
he  graduated  with  honor  in  1871.  After  spending 
a  year  at  a  German  university  he  was  appointed 
tutor  in  Harvard  College,  and  held  the  position 
till,  in  1873.  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Charlestown, — a  part  of  Boston. 
Mass.  With  this  church  he  remained  four  years, 
and  received  about  400  members  into  its  fellow 
ship.  In  June,  1877,  he  was  installed  as  pastor 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
In  June,  1878,  he  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Shurtleff  College,  111. 
In  Dr.  Boyd  are  combined  scholarship,  executive 
ability,  and  pulpit  eloquence.  He  possesses  great 
energy  and  piety.  Many  have  been  added  to  his 
church  in  St.  Louis  since  his  settlement,  and  the 
house  of  worship  has  been  twice  built,  owing  to 
fire.  He  occupies  one  of  the  most  responsible  po 
sitions  in  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  Missis 


sippi  Valley,  and   preaches  to  very  large  congre 
gations. 

Boyden,  Rev.  Jabez  S.,  was  born  in  Essex  Co., 
X.  Y..  in  1831  :  brought  to  Michigan  while  still  an 
infant;  baptized  in  Mooreville,  in  June,  1850,  and 
educated  for  the  ministry  at  Kalamazoo  College, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1850.  He  settled  at 
once  as  pastor  in  Novi.  and  was  ordained  in  No 
vember  of  the  same  year.  His  successive  pastorates 
were,  in  Flint,  four  years  ;  in  Xovi.  again  three 
years;  in  Ilowell,  four  years;  in  Franklin,  hid., 
one  year;  in  Ypsilanti,  seven  years.  During  all 
this  time  he  was  continuously  in  the  pastorate 
without  the  intermission  of  a  single  dav.  At  Xovi 
he  baptized  117;  in  Flint,  03;  in  Ilowell,  103  ;  and 
during  the  time  of  the  Franklin  and  Ypsilanti  pas 
torates,  103.  While  pastor  at  Flint  he  was  one 
year  chaplain  of  the  10th  Regiment  of  Mich.  Yols., 
Infantry. 

In  August,  1879,  he  became  financial  secretary 
of  Kalamaxoo  College,  and  is  at  present  residing 
in  Kalamazoo,  engaged  most  vigorously  in  the 
work  of  securing  an  adequate  endowment  for  the 
college,  and  the  means  lor  defraying  its  current 
expenses. 

Boykin,  James,  a  deacon  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Columbus,  Ga.,  was  born  in  1792,  near  Camdcn, 
in  South  Carolina.  With  his  father,  Francis  Boy- 
kin,  he  moved  to  Georgia,  and  settled  on  a  large 
plantation  in  Washington  County,  ten  miles  south 
of  Milledgeville;  in  1829  he  sold  his  home  and  plant 
ing  interests  to  his  brother,  Dr.  Samuel  Boykin, 
and  moved  to  Columbus,  and  settled  on  another 
plantation  in  Stewart  County,  twenty  miles  from 
Columbus.  He  united  with  the  Columbus  church, 
and  was  ordained  a  deacon,  which  office  he  filled 
worthily  until  his  death,  in  1840.  He  was  at  that 
time  quite  wealthy,  and  gave  liberally  of  his  means 
to  sustain  the  gospel  and  to  establish  Mercer  Uni 
versity.  He  was  an  exceedingly  kind  man.  To 
his  children  he  was  the  most  tender  and  affectionate 
of  parents;  to  his  wife  the  most  devoted  of  hus 
bands  ;  he  was  a  Christian  without  reproach,  A 
security  debt  swept  away  nearly  $100,000  of  his 
property,  yet  he  never  murmured,  or  spoke  an  un 
kind  word  of  the  man  who  caused  his  financial 
ruin,  but  preserved  his  cheerfulness  and  gentle 
serenity  until  called  ''up  higher"  at  the  age  of 
fifty-four. 

He  did  much  in  founding  and  sustaining  the 
church  at  Columbus,  and  was  a  most  useful,  zealous, 
and  liberal  Christian,  whose  memory  is  even  yet 
fragrant  among  those  who  knew  him. 

Boykin,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  horn  in  Milledge 
ville.  Baldwin  Co.,  Ga.,  Nov.  24,  1829.  His 
mother's  maiden  name  was  Narcissa  Cooper, 
daughter  of  Thomas  Cooper,  whose  ancestors 
came  from  England.  His  paternal  ancestor,  Ed- 


124 


BOVKIX 


ward  Bovkin.  came  i'roni  Caernarvonshire,  Wales, 
aiul  settled  in  Isle  of  Wight  Co.,  Ya..  in  lOSf). 
William  Bovkin.  tin'  grandson  of  Kdward  Boy- 
kin,  emigrated  to  Kershaw  Co..  S.  ('.,  in  IT")'") 
or  17">0,  and  settled  six  miles  south  of  Camden. 
His  third  son.  Francis  Boykin.  participated  in  most 
nf  the  battles  of  the  State  during  the  Revolutionary 
war,  and  rose  to  bo  a  major  of  infantry  in  the 


UKV.     SAMl'Kl,    UuYKl.V. 

ai'inv.  haying  taken  part  in  the  battle  of  Fort 
Moultrie. 

About  the  year  ISllO  Mr.  Boykin  moyed  to 
Georgia,  and  settled  near  Milledgeville,  where  he 
died  in  1N21.  Three  of  his  children  grew  to  ma 
turity. — Eli/.a.  Samuel,  and -lames.  Samuel,  born 
in  1780.  died  in  1848.  was  the  father  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch.  Tie  graduated  at  the  State  I'ni- 
yorsity  of  Georgia  and  at  a  medical  college  in 
Philadelphia,  and  practiced  medicine  in  Georgia 
for  twenty-five  or  thirty  years.  Tie  was  also  a 
larire  planter.  lie  removed  to  Columbus,  (!a.. 
where  he  spent  the  last  years  of  his  life.  Tie  en- 
"•a«vd  in  planting  and  in  banking,  and  was  yery 

&     o  1 

prosperous.  Tie  was  fond  of  books,  and  a  lover 
of  science;  and  at  his  hospitable  home  distin 
guished  literary  and  scientific  men  of  the  New 
and  Old  World  were  pleased  to  visit,  and  ever 
found  in  l>r.  Boykin  a  congenial  spirit. 

Samuel  Boykin,  his  son.  spent  his  earliest  years 
in  Columbus,  lie  was  sent  to  Pennsylvania  and 
Connecticut  for  education,  but  came  back  to 
Georgia  and  took  a  full  course  at  the  State  Univer 
sity,  where  he  graduated  in  lSf)l.  He  then  spent 
nearly  a  year  in  foreign  travel.  While  prosecuting 


his  studies  at  the  State  University  ho  made  a  pro 
fession  of  religion  and  j  lined  the  Baptist  church. 
He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1H52,  and  ordained 
Sept.  10,  ISGI.  In  ]S ,")',)  he  became  the  editor  of 
the  Christian  Index,  then  published  in  Macon,  Ga., 
and  owned  by  the  Baptist  Convention  of  the  State. 
In  1S01  he  became  the  sole  proprietor  of  the  Index. 
He  continued  successfully  its  publication  unti! 
1S05,  when  the  disasters  of  the  war  between  th<: 
States  stopped  it.  His  editorial  management  wa?, 
characterized  by  decided  ability.  Tie  subsequently 
sold  the  Index  to  -I.  -T.  Toon,  of  Atlanta,  by  whom 
it  was  revived.  For  several  years  he  also  pub 
lished  and  edited  the  Child's  Index,  which  he  re 
sumed  after  the  war.  This  child's  paper  was 
merged  into  Kin/I  \Vurdn  in  1872,  a  paper  owned 
bv  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and  published 
at  .Memphis,  Tenn.  In  1S7.'!.  Mr.  Boykin  was 
elected  editor  of  Kind.  Wonlx.  which  position  he 
has  held  ever  since.  Under  his  management  the 
paper  has  reached  a  very  large  circulation,  is  now 
well  established,  and  it  is  a  paper  of  great  value. 
Mr.  Bovkin  was  pastor  for  one  year  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  Macon.  but  having  been  called 
to  Memphis  to  edit  Kind  Words  in  1873.  he  re 
signed  that  charge. 

When  the  Sunday-School  Board  was  abolished  in 
1S74.  the  paper  was  removed  to  Macon.  and  then- 
published.  Mr.  Boykin  then  returned  to  Georgia. 
Editing  has  been  his  chief  employment,  for  which 
he  is  peculiarly  fitted.  He  has  been  identified  with 
Baptist  interests  in  Georgia  for  many  years.  In 
the  cause  of  missions  and  Sunday-schools  he  has 
been  very  useful,  wielding  a  large  influence  oyer 
the  vomit:  of  the  denomination  as  editor  and  ex- 
positorof  the  "  Sunday-School  Lessons."  lie  is  now 
in  the  prime  of  life,  with  an  active  mind  and  un- 
tirini;'  industry.  The  Baptist  denomination  may 
still  expect  lartre  results  from  his  labors  and  his 
commanding  talents. 

Boykin,  Rev.  Thomas  Cooper,  State  school 

evangelist  for  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention, 
brother  of  the  foregoing,  was  born  in  Baldwin 
County,  ten  miles  from  Milledgeville. -Jan.  1.  b^vlO. 
His  parents  moved  to  Columbus  soon  after  his 
birth,  and  he  was  reared  in  that  city.  Converted 
under  the  ministry  of  John  E.  Dawson.  he  joined 
the  Columbus  church  in  lS51.and  was  educated  at 
Penfield.  in  Mercer  University,  and  at  Columbia, 
S.  C..  in  the  South  Carolina  College,  from  which 
he  was  graduated  with  distinction  in  1S56.  In 
1858  he  began  a  planter's  life  in  Russell  Co.,  Ala., 
near  Columbus,  transferring  his  membership  to  the 
Mount  Lebanon  church  in  1803.  That  church  li 
censed  him  in  1804.  and  by  it  he  was  called  to  or 
dination  in  1805.  It  was  while  acting  as  pastor 
for  this  church  that  he  developed  a  strong  passion 
for  the  Sunday-school  work,  and  the  brethren  of 


BOYNTON 


JIHAD  FORD 


the  Alabama  Convention,  recognizing  his  zeal  and 
ability,  placed  him  at  the  head  of  their  State  Sun 
day-school  efforts  in  1872.  But  his  native  State 
called  him  to  her  service  on  the  1st  of  September, 
1874,  and  he  removed  to  Georgia,  settled  in  Atlanta. 


RKV.     THOMAS    COOl'ER    BOYKI.N. 

and.  under  an  appointment  of  the  State  Baptist 
Convention,  began  a  work  in  the  Sunday-school 
cause  which  he  lias  continued  to  prosecute  most 
vigorously  and  prosperously  until  the  present  time 
(1880).  Through  his  exertions  the  Sunday-school 
work  in  the  State  has  been  pretty  thoroughly  or 
ganized;  20  Sunday-school  conventions  have  been 
put  in  operation,  and  500  schools  have  been  estab 
lished,  while  all  over  the  State  a  healthy  and  en 
thusiastic  Sunday-school  spirit  has  been  aroused  in 
the  denomination. 

Mr.  Boykin  is  a  preacher  of  ability,  and  in  his 
style  is  exceedingly  pointed  and  practical.  During 
a  pastorate;  of  three  years  he  baptized  70  persons 
into  the  Mount  Lebanon, — a  country  church.  He 
has  the  happy  faculty  of  making  himself  interesting 
and  instructive  to  all,  especially  to  the  young.  lie 
is  an  indefatigable  laborer,  and  he  is  thoroughly 
conversant  with  every  phase  of  the  Sunday-school 
work. 

Boynton,  Hon.  Nehemiah,  was  born  in  what 
is  now  Rockport,  but  then  a  section  of  Gloucester, 
Mass.,  Dec.  2,  1804.  When  he  was  twenty-one 
years  of  age  he  commenced  business  at  St.  George, 
Me.,  where  he  remained  nine  years,  and  then  re 
moved  to  West  Thomaston,  Me.  Here  he  carried 
on  business  for  eleven  years.  At  the  end  of  this 
period  he  removed  to  Boston,  and  embarked  in  the 


business  which  he  prosecuted  with  energy  and  suc 
cess  for  the  remainder  of  his  life.  Mr.  Bovnton's 
residence  was  in  Chelsea,  where,  as  a  member  and 
an  officer  in  the  First  Baptist  church,  he  irave 
himself  with  great  devotion  to  the  service  of  his 
Lord  and  Master.  For  two  years  he  was  a  senator 
from  his  district  in  the  Massachusetts  Senate,  and 
for  three  years,  1802,  1804.  and  1805,  a  period  of 
great  responsibility,  he  was  a  member  of  Gov. 
Andrew's  Executive  Council  for  the  county  of 
Suffolk. 

If  Mr.  Boynton  was  a  successful  merchant  and 
an  honorable  councillor,  he  filled  also  another  post, 
which  to  him  was  one  of  higher  honor  and  more 
sacred  trust  than  either  of  the  other  two.  A  vacancy 
having  occurred  in  the  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Missionary  Union  in  |S5.'!.  he  was  appointed  to  fill 
it.  At  once  his  business  capacities  pointed  him 
out  as  the  proper  person  to  be  selected  as  chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Finance.  In  .1855  he  was 
chosen  treasurer  of  the  Union,  and  held  the  oflice  for 
nine  years  in  succession.  In  the  hands  of  no  better 
man  could  the  great  trust  have  been  placed,  lie 
entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  oliice  when  the  so 
ciety  was  burdened  with  a  heavy  debt.  He  lived 
to  see  the  debt  wiped  out  and  the  credit  of  the 
Union,  in  all  parts  of  the  world  where  it  transacted 
its  business,  placed  upon  the  soundest  basis,  so 
that  its  drafts  were  as  promptly  honored  as  those 
of  any  banking  or  mercantile  house  then  or  since 
known. 

'•  The  prominent  personal  qualities  of  Mr.  Boyn 
ton,"  says  one  who  knew  him  well,  ''were  fittingly 
symbolized  by  his  commanding  personal  presence. 
Weight  and  symmetry  of  character  were  his  in  an 
eminent  degree.  No  man  was  ever  less  influenced 
by  personal  fears  or  preferences.  His  action  was 
based  on  public  and  solid  reasons.  No  member  of 
the  committee  ever  commanded  greater  influence 
for  his  opinions.  The  answer  to  the  question, 
'What  does  Deacon  Boynton  think  of  it?'  was 
almost  enough  to  conclude  any  matter  of  weight. 
To  the  high  personal  qualities  which  contributed 
to  this  beautiful  wholeness  he  added  a  faith  in 
God,  and  in  the  loyalty  of  his  redeemed  people, 
that,  made  him  confident,  where  to  human  sense 
there  seemed  more  ground  for  despondency." 
With  the  record  of  such  a  life  as  he  lived  before  all 
men.  there  was  no  need  of  a  dying  testimony. 
Deacon  Boynton  died  Nov.  22,  J8G8. 

Bradford,  Rev.  C.  G.,  is  quite  young,  probably 
not  more  than  thirty,  but  a  man  of  unusual  promise. 
His  delivery  is  quiet  but  exceedingly  impressive, 
and  he  is  one  of  the  few  whose  sermons  would  lose 
nothing  by  being  read  instead  of  heard.  They  are 
briefand  elegantly  finished.  He  has  tried  again  and 
again  to  leave  the  Beech  Island  church,  in  Aikeu 
Co.,  S.  C.,  having  been  reared  in  that  vicinity,  and 


BRADFORD 


126 


thinking  lie  might  be  more  useful  elsewhere,  Imt 
the  church  still  retains  him. 

Bradford,  Rev.  Shadrach  S.,  was    born    at 

Plvinpton,  Mass..  May  -4,  IS  13.  He  took  a  part 
of'liis  college  course  at  Waterville,  Me.,  graduating 
at  Columbiau  College,  Washington,  I).  C.,  in  the 
class  of  1S37.  His  theological  studies  were  pursued 
at  \e\vton,  where  he  graduated  in  IS40.  He  \vas 
ordained  pastor  of  the  ehurch  at  Pawtucket.  U.  1.. 
June  S.  1X41,  and  remained  in  this  position  for  ten 
years,  resigning  iu  IS.'il.  Such  was  the  state  of 
his  health  that  he  was  obliged  to  abandon  the  min 
istry.  For  several  years  lie  was  in  active  business 
in  Providence.  Mr.  Bradford  was  elected  a  trustee 
of  Brown  University  in  1S()3.  and  a  Fellow  in  1  >•'}•"). 

Bradford,  Rev.  Zabdi el,  was  born  in  Plympton, 
Mass.,  (in  the  loth  of  August,  1^09.  On  the  side 
of  both  parents  he  was  of  genuine  Puritan  stock, 
his  paternal  ancestor  being  Gov.  "William  Bradford, 
and  his  iiKornal  ancestor  the  renowned  ('apt. 
Miles  Sta!idi>h.  Of  such  an  ancestry  any  man 
might  justly  be  proud.  Before  he  readied  his 
eighteenth  year  he  became  a  subject  of  (iod's  con 
verting  irraee.  The  state  of  his  health  being  such 
as  to  settle  the  question  of  his  physical  inability  to 
enter  into  active  business,  it  was  decided  that  he 
should  obtain  a  liberal  education.  In  the  year 
1S30  he  became  a  member  of  Waterville  College, 
with  the  intention  of  fitting  himself  for  the  Chris 
tian  ministry.  After  his  graduation  he  prosecuted 
his  theological  studies  for  nearly  three  years,  and 
then  accepted  a  call  to  the  Baptist  church  in  what 
is  nnw  Yarmouth,  Cumberland  Co.,  Me.  The  min 
istry  of  Mr.  Bradford,  extending  over  a  period  of 
eight  years,  was  one  of  great  spiritual  prosperity. 
lie  had  the  happiness  of  witnessing  more  than  one 
powerful  revival.  As  the  result  of  one  of  these 
outpourings  of  the  Spirit  he  baptized  nearly  100 
persons. 

The  long  Avintcrs  and  uncongenial  springs  of  the 
sea-coast  of  Maine  were  too  trying  to  the  constitu 
tion  of  Mr.  Bradford,  and.  with  a  severe  pang,  he 
felt  compelled  to  sever  the  ties  which  united  him  to 
a  most  affectionate  people.  He  accepted  a  call 
from  what  was  then  the  Pine  Street,  now  Central 
Baptist  church,  in  Providence,  and  was  recognized 
as  pastor  in  November,  1844,  and  labored  with  his 
customary  fidelity  and  success  for  more  than  four 
years.  He  died  May  16, 1849,  at  the  comparatively 
early  age  of  forty  years. 

Mr.  Bradford  was  a  man  of  much  more  than  or 
dinary  ability.  He  possessed  a  singularly  vivid 
imagination,  and  sometimes  the  play  of  his  fancy 
in  his  discourses  was  most  striking,  and  arrested 
the  attention  of  the  most  careless  and  thoughtless. 
lie  concentrated  all  his  faculties  to  the  cause  of  his 
Master,  and  in  his  closing  hours  was  sustained  by 
that  grace  the  riches  of  which  he  had  proclaimed 


so  earnestly  from  the  sacred  desk.  "  That  plan." 
lie  said,  "that  capital  plan!  I  have  looked  it 
through  and  through  this  winter,  and  it  is  all  I 
want."  Who  can  doubt  that  when  he  came  into 
the  presence  of  his  God  and  Saviour  he  did  iind  it 
was  all  lie  wanted  ? 

Bramlette,  GOV.  Thomas  E.,  was  born  in  Cum 
berland  Co.,  Ivy.,  Jan.  3,  1X17.  In  early  life  he 
joined  a  Baptist  church,  and  was  active  in  the 
councils  of  his  denomination.  lie  was  admitted  to 
the  practice  of  law  in  1837.  In  J841  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature  ;  here  his  splendid  abilities 
speedily  attracted  public  attention.  In  J.S49  he 
was  appointed  Commonwealth's  attorney.  In  l^">'2 
he  moved  from  Burksville  to  Columbia.  Ky..  and 
was  elected  circuit  judge,  and  filled  the  position 
during  six  years.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Re 
bellion  he  accepted  a  colonel's  commission,  raised 
a  regiment  of  volunteers,  and  entered  the  Federal 
army.  In  1862  he  resigned  to  accept  the  appoint 
ment  of  U.  S.  attorney  for  Kentucky.  In  1S63  lie 
Avas  commissioned  major-general.  While  organ 
izing  his  division  he  was  nominated  candidate  fur 
governor.  Again  he  resigned  his  position  in  the 
army,  and  was  elected  governor  of  the  Common 
wealth,  in  which  capacity  he  served  four  years. 
lie  now  became  weary  of  the  burdens  of  public 
office,  and  settled  in  Louisville,  where  he  enjoyed 
an  extensive  and  lucrative  practice  of  law  until  his 
death.  -Jan.  12,  1S7"). 

Branham,  Joel  R.,  D.D.,was  born  in  Eat- ni 
ton,  Putnam  Co.,  Ga.,  Dec.  23.  1S2.").  His  parents 
were  Dr.  -Joel  Branham  and  Emily,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Cooper,  the  devoted  Baptist  deacon  of 
Eatonton.  He  went  to  Penfield  to  school  in  the 
year  1S3S.  while  quite  young,  and  remained  three 
years.  He  was  a  pupil  there  when  Mercer  Insti 
tute  was  organized  as  a  college,  and  was  a  member 
of  the  first  Freshman  class.  After  leaving  Penfield 
he  attended  the  Eatonton  school  until  about  his 
eighteenth  year.  In  184.")  he  entered  Emory  Col 
lege,  at  which  he  was  graduated  in  .1847.  He  was 
converted  and  joined  the  Baptist  church  at  Pen- 
field  in  1838.  He  was  ordained  in  1861').  in  Madi 
son,  Ga.  He  was  called  to  ordination  by  the  Madi 
son  Baptist  church,  and  immediately  after  to  the 
charge  of  that  church,  in  which  he  continued  two 
and  a  half  years.  While  residing  in  Tennessee  he 
incidentally  served  the  churches  at  Brownsville. 
Huniboldt,  and  Stanton.  Compelled  by  ill  health 
to  return  to  Georgia  in  1874.  he  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  church  in  Marietta,  at  the  same 
time  preaching  once  a  month  to  the  church  at 
Noonday.  He  is  at  present  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Eatonton,  Ga.,  and  preaches  once  a 
month  to  the  church  at  Harmony.  Putnam  Co., 
and  also  to  the  church  at  Monticello.  Jasper  Co.. 
Ga.  He  was  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  the  Geor- 


BRAXTL  Y 


127 


BRANTLY 


gia  Female  College  in  its  early  organization  ;  was 
president  of  the  same  institution  after  the  war. 
From  1868  to  1874  was  president  of  Brownsville 
Baptist  Female  College,  the  leading  Baptist  insti- 


,)OKI.     R.     UKAXHA.M,    JJ.D. 

tution  of  West  Tennessee  at  that  period.  lie  was 
for  a  time  trustee  of  Mercer  University. 

Dr.  Branham  is  one  of  the  best  educated  .and 
most  highly  cultivated  of  the  living  Georgia  Bap 
tist  ministers,  and  to  pulpit  ability  of  high  rank  he 
unites  fine  oratorical  powers  and  an  exceeding 
amiability  of  disposition.  lie  is  remarkably  clear 
in  all  his  statements,  because  of  a  keen  mental 
vision  and  a  strong  intellectual  grasp.  His  talents 
are  of  a  high  order,  and  his  sermons  are  surpassed 
by  i'ew,  if  by  any,  of  the  State  ministry. 

Many  of  the  years  of  his  life  have  been  spent  in 
imparting  instruction,  generally  as  the  president 
of  a  college  for  young  ladies,  and  he  is  a  teacher 
of  rare  ability. 

Brantly,  John  J.,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Belles- 
Lettres  and  Modern  Languages  in  Mercer  Univer 
sity,  Macon,  Ga.,  and  son  of  Dr.  Win.  T.  Brantly, 
Sr.,  and  half-brother  of  Dr.  Wm.  T.  Brantly.  Jr., 
was  born  in  Augusta,  Ga.,  Dec.  29,  1821.  The 
first  twelve  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  Phila 
delphia,  when  his  father  was  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  that  city.  He  then  went  with  his 
father  to  Charleston,  S.  C.,  where  he  entered  the 
Sophomore  class  of  Charleston  College,  of  which 
his  father  was  president.  While  a  student  in  the 
Charleston  College  he  paid  a  summer  visit  during 
vacation  to  relatives  at  Scottsborough,  a  few  miles 
from  Milledgeville,  Ga.,  and  during  a  protracted 


meeting  in  the  Milledgeville  church,  of  which  Dr. 
S.  G.  Hillyer  was  then  pastor,  he  made  a  profession 
of  religion,  and  was  baptized  by  his  father  in  the 
Oconee  River,  near  Milledgeville. 

Graduating  in  1840.  he  went  to  Chatham  Co.. 
N.  C., — his  father's  old  home. — and  afterwards 
to  Pittsborough,  in  both  of  which  places  he  en 
gaged  in  teaching.  As  he  was  debating  in  his 
mind  whether  to  study  law  or  medicine,  he  went 
in  the  fall  of  1844,  to  Charleston,  on  a  visit  to  his 
father,  who  had  been  stricken  with  paralysis. 
During  that  visit  his  thoughts  were  turned  to  the 
ministry,  and  he  decided  that  his  duty  lay  in  that 
direction.  lie  was  licensed  by  the  First  church  of 
Charleston,  his  father  signing  the  license,  the  last 
official  act  he  performed.  Mr.  Brantly  was  or 
dained  at  Fayetteville,  X.  C..  in  1845.  having  ac 
cepted  a  call  to  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  church 
in  that  place.  In  a  year  or  two  he  resigned  to  take 
charge  of  the  high  school  there;  but  in  the  sprinii' 
of  1850  he  accepted  the  pastoral  charge  of  the 
church  at  Xewbury  Court-House,  S.  C..  where  he 
remained  until  elected  to  his  present  position,  in 


JOHN    J.     KKAXTI.Y.     D.l). 

1807.  During  the  interval  between  the  resignation 
of  Dr.  Warren  and  the  settlement  of  Dr.  Skinner 
he  served  the  Macon  church  as  temporary  pastor. 
Dr.  J.  J.  Brantly  is  a  thorough  scholar.  He  is 
well  read  in  the  ancient  classics,  both  Greek  and 
Latin,  and  he  is  the  master  of  several  modern  lan 
guages.  With  the  writings  of  "  the  fathers"  lie  is 
familiar.  He  is  also  a  perfect  master  of  English 
composition.  His  extreme  modesty  only  has  pre 
vented  him  from  being  widely  known  as  one  of  the 


JUfAXTLY 


128 


most  finished   scholars   ;uul  able    preachers  of  our 
denomination  in  the  United  States. 

Brantly,  William  T.,  Jr.,  D.D.,  son  of  the  Dr. 

"VV.  T.  Brantlv  of  sainted  memory,  was  born  in  Beau- 
fort,  S.  (,'.     II"  removed  with  his  father,  at  the  age 


WILLIAM    T.    BRANTLY,    JR.,     D.U. 

of  nine  years,  to  Philadelphia,  where,  in  1826,  the 
father  became  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church.  Under  a  careful  home  culture,  supple 
mented  by  the  training  of  the  best  schools,  young 
Brantly  was  prepared  to  enter  college  at  an  early 
age.  While  thus  preparing,  in  1834,  he  was  bap 
tized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  church  of 
Philadelphia,  the  baptism  being  in  the  Delaware 
River;  and  in  1838  he  was  licensed  by  the  same 
church  to  preach.  Having  entered  Brown  Univer 
sity,  he  graduated  with  distinction  in  1840.  The 
same  year  he  was  invited  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Augusta.  Ga.,  which  posi 
tion  he  accepted  and  held  with  marked  success  for 
eight  years,  during  which  time  the  membership 
was  doubled,  and  the  house  enlarged  to  accommo 
date  the  increasing  congregation.  Dr.  Brantly  s 
varied  culture  and  polished  scholarship  attracted 
to  his  ministrations  an  unusual  number  of  the  more 
intelligent  of  the  community,  and  soon  the  authori 
ties  of  the  University  of  Georgia  were  anxious  to 
secure  his  services  as  one  of  its  faculty  of  instruc 
tion.  Accordingly,  in  1848  he  was  elected  Professor 
of  Belles-Lettres  and  Evidences  of  Christianity  and 
History  in  that  institution,  a  position  which  he 
filled  with  distinguished  ability  until  1856.  In 
1853  he  was  elected  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Philadelphia,  but  declined  the  invitation. 


In  185f>  he  was  invited  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Taber 
nacle  church   in   the  same  city,  and   anxious  to  be 
engaged  again  in  the  active  and,  to  him,  congenial 
duties   of   pastoral    life,   he   accepted  the  position. 
He  continued   to  serve   the  Tabernacle  church  for 
five  years,  during  which   time  he  had  the  pleasure 
of  seeing  the  membership  greatly  increase  in  num 
ber  and   efficiency.     In    1 801,  Dr.  Brantly  was  in 
vited   to  take  charge  of  the  Second  Baptist  church 
at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  where  he  remained,  with   the  ex 
ception  of  an  interruption  arising  from  the  troubles 
of  the  war,  until  1871.  in  which  year  he  became  the 
pastor  of  the   Seventh  Baptist  church,  Baltimore, 
Md.,  succeeding  the  honored  Dr.  R.   Fuller,  when 
he   and  a  large   number  of  the   members   of  that 
church  withdrew  to  constitute  the  present  Eutaw 
Place  church.     Dr.  Brantly  still  remains  pastor  of 
the  Seventh  church,  and  is  eminently  successful  in 
his  ministrations.       As   a  preacher,  lie  is  earnest, 
graceful,  and  instructive;  as  a  pastor,  genial,  lov 
ing,  and  companionable,  and  ever  a  welcome  guest 
in  the  homes  of  his  people.     No  one  feels  a  warmer 
interest  in  all   the  denominational  movements  of 
the  day  than  he  ;  while  for  educational  institutions 
and  their  instructors  he  cherishes  that  ardent  and 
unwavering  attachment  which  stamps  him,  as  by 
nature,  one  of  the  ijutld.     He  is  an  overseer  of  the 
Columbian  University,  and  no  one  is  more  heartily 
welcomed  to  its  meetings  for  business  und  its  com 
mencement  exercises  than  himself.     The  University 
of  Georgia  in  1854  conferred  on  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D. 

Brantly,  William  T.,  Sr.,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Chatham  Co.,  N.  C.,  Jan.  23,  1787.  He  was  con 
verted  to  God  in  his  fifteenth  year.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  South  Carolina  College,  Columbia,  S.  C., 
of  which  Jonathan  Maxcy,  D.D.,  was  president. 
He  graduated  with  distinction  in  1808,  inspiring 
hopes  in  those  who  became  acquainted  with  his 
talents  of  a  bright  future  for  the  young  minister. 
In  1811  he  became  a  pastor,  though  he  had  preached 
regularly  for  years  before,  and  he  took  the  over 
sight  of  the  church  of  Beaufort,  S.  C.,  where  lift 
spent  eight  years  in  toil  and  triumphs.  The  church 
was  increased  in  numbers,  knowledge,  and  spir 
itual  strength,  and  the  pastor  was  regarded  as  one 
of  the  most  eloquent  preachers  in  the  South.  In 
1819  he  became  rector  a  second  time  of  Richmond 
Academy,  Augusta,  Ga.,  an  institution  endowed  by 
that  State;  and  immediately  he  began  to  preach 
every  Sunday  in  the  chapel  of  the  academy,  for 
there  was  no  Baptist  church  in  Augusta.  His 
talents  soon  drew  throngs,  a  church  was  organized, 
and  in  two  years  a  meeting-house  was  built  and 
paid  for,  at  a  cost  of  $20,000,  the  equal  of  any  sim 
ilar  structure  in  the  State.  His  services  as  preacher 
and  pastor,  like  many  of  the  earlier  Baptist  min 
isters  in  the  South,  he,  unwisely  for  the  people, 


BRA  Y 


129 


Bit  AY  MAX 


but  generously,  gave  for  nothing.  His  usefulness 
was  Celt  throughout  every  part  of  Georgia. 

Dr.  Ilolcombe,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Philadelphia,  on  his  death-bed,  recommended 
Dr.  Brantly  as  his  successor.  After  a  second  in 
vitation  had  been  extended  to  him  by  the  First 
church,  he  removed  to  Philadelphia  in  the  spring 
of  1826.  In  that  city  his  success  was  remarkable, 
— in  eleven  years  he  baptized  600  persons  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  First  church,  and  he  was  instru 
mental  in  founding  the  Norristown  church.  De 
clining  health  compelled  him  to  turn  southward 
again,  and  in  1837  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  church.  Charleston.  S.  C.  Shortly  after  lie 
came  to  that  city  he  was  appointed  president  of 
the  College  of  Charleston,  the  duties  of  which  he 
discharged  till  disease  forbade  him.  lie  died  in 
March.  184."). 

Dr.  Brantly  was  a  man  of  fine  talents;  his  learn 
ing  was  profound,  his  classical  scholarship  was  of 
the  highest  order,  his  voice  had  unusual  compass 
and  melody,  and  his  heart  went  with  his  eloquent 
utterances,  so  that  his  oratory  was  overwhelming; 
the  whole  audience  would  be  alternately  bathed  in 
tears  orcarncd  up  to  the  third  heaven  in  jubilant  de 
light.  Christ  was  everything  in  his  heart  and  in  his 
sermons,  and  his  ministry  was  a  blessing  to  the 
North  and  to  the  South  of  untold  value. 

Bray,  Rev.  Nathan  H.,  the  apostle  of  the  Sa- 

bine  region,  Louisiana,  was  born  in  Peterborough, 
England.  April  29.  1809  ;  emigrated  to  the  United 
States  in  1840,  and  landed  at  New  Orleans.  He 
began  to  preach  in  1847,  and  under  his  labors 
churches  were  planted  in  all  that  portion  of  Louis 
iana  bordering  on  the.  Sabine  River.  He  was  in 
defatigable,  and  50  or  (50  churches  and  ?>  Associa 
tions  sprang  up  as  the  fruit,  more  or  less  direct, 
of  his  efforts.  He  was  over  twenty  years  moderator 
of  Sabine  Association,  and  for  nianv  years  an  officer 
in  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Louisiana,  and  for  the  last 
three  years  parish  judge.  He  died  Feb.  18,  1875. 

Brayman,  Mason,  was  born  in  Buffalo.  X.  Y.. 

May  23,  1813.  His  parents.  Daniel  and  Anna 
Brayman,  were  among  the  pioneers  of  Western 
New  York,  and  settled  in  the  town  of  Hamburgh. 
Erie  Co.,  in  181  1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  of 
1812-15  they  removed  to  Buffalo,  not  knowing  what 
course  the  Seneca  Indians,  whose  reservation  lay 
between  the  two  towns,  might  take  in  the  contest. 
On  the  restoration  of  peace  they  returned  to  their 
farm  in  Hamburgh,  accompanied  by  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  where  lie  remained  until  he  was  between 
seventeen  and  eighteen  years  old,  when  he  went  to 
Buffalo,  .and  entered  the  office  of  the  Journal  as  an 
apprentice  to  the  printing  business.  While  serving 
his  time  he  began  the  study  of  the  law.  which  lie 
continued  while  subsequently  editing  the  Republi 
can  and  Bulletin.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 


1836.  lie  removed  to  Monroe,  Mich.,  in  the  sum 
mer  of  1837,  where  he  pursued  his  favorite  profes 
sions  of  law  and  journalism,  lie  remained  here 
until  1839,  and  after  a  brief  sojourn  at  Wouster, 


MA.I.-GF.\.     MASON     HRAYMAX. 

0.,  we  next  find  him  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  as  editor 
of  the  Daili/  Advertiser.  After  a  successful  career 
of  about  three  years  as  editor,  Mr.  Brayman  made 
another  westward  move,  and  pitched  his  tent  in 
Springfield,  111,  in  1842,  where  he  ajrain  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  law  in  partnership  with  the 
lion.  Jesse  B.  Thomas.  Not  forgetting  his  pro 
pensity  for  editorial  life,  he  wrote  much  for  the 
State  Rer/istcr,  and  also  acted  as  assistant  State 
treasurer  for  several  years.  He  was  appointed  by 
Gov.  Ford  to  revise  and  codify  the  laws  of  the 
State,  and  the  result  of  his  labors,  which  the  legal 
profession  facetiously  called  the  •'  Braminical 
Code,"  was  authority  in  all  Illinois  courts  for  many 
years.  lie  was  also  commissioned  by  (Joy.  Ford 
special  State's  attorney  to  prosecute  the  offenses 
which  grew  out  of  the  "Mormon  war''  at  Nauvoo. 
After  the  transfer  of  the  Congressional  land 
grant  by  the  State  to  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
Company,  Mr.  Brayman  became  (he  attorney  of 
the  corporation,  which  necessitated  his  removal  to 
Chicago,  where,  in  1853,  he  opened  an  office,  and 
engaged  in  securing  the  right  of  way  and  the 
transaction  of  the  general  business  of  that  com 
pany.  His  connection  with  the  company  having 
terminated,  he  was  appointed  land  agent  of  the 
Cairo  and  Fulton  Railroad  Company  of  Missouri 
arid  Arkansas,  and  subsequently  became  general 
superintendent  for  the  construction  of  the  road. 


BRAYMAN 


BRA YTOX 


The  opening  of  the  civil  war  found  liiin  again 
in  Springfield.  He  enlisted  in  the  29th  Illinois 
Volunteers,  of  which  he  was  soon  commissioned  as 
major  by  Gov.  Yates,  and  was  also  appointed  adju 
tant  on  the  staff  of  Gen.  McClernand.  The  first 
battle  in  which  he  was  under  lire  was  the  short  hut 
bloody  one  of  Belinont,  in  Missouri.  Then  followed 
Forts  Henry  and  Donelson,  where  Major  Brayinan 
is  credited  with  having  done  brave  and  efficient 
service.  At  the  great  battle  of  Pittsburgh  Land 
ing  he  commanded  a  brigade,  and  for  meritorious 
conduct  on  the  field  was  promoted  to  be  a  brigadier- 
general.  He  followed  the  fortunes  of  the  victorious 
arinv.  and  was  assigned  to  separate  commands.  His 
health  having  become  impaired  by  a  partial  sun 
stroke,  Gen.  Brayman  left  the  active  duties  of  the 
Held,  and  was  subsequently  in  command  of  Camp 
Di'nison,  at  Columbus,  0.,  the  district  of  Cairo,  in 
Illinois  and  Kentucky,  and  of  Natchez,  in  Missis 
sippi,  and  towards  the  conclusion  of  the  war  was 
appointed  president  of  a  commission  or  court  to 
adjudicate  upon  the  important  cotton  cases  which 
had  been  accumulating  at  New  Orleans.  So  well 
satisfied  were  the  President  and  Secretary  of  War 
with  his  varied  and  important  services  that  he  was 
brevet  ted  major-general. 

The  war  being  over,  Gen.  Brayman  returned  to 
Springfield.  Having  become  part  proprietor  of  the 
Quiney  M7//V/  and  its  editor,  lie  removed  to  that 
citv.  but  subsequently  returned  to  Springfield,  as 
editor  and  co-proprietor  of  the  Daili/  Joiiritnl.  But 
his  health  having  been  much  impaired  by  the  hard 
services  of  the  war,  he  was  impelled  to  remove  to 
Green  Lake,  Wis.,  which  is  his  present  home.  In 
1876,  Gen.  Grant,  his  old  commander,  tendered 
him  the  governorship  of  Idaho,  which  he  accepted, 
and  is  still  at  his  post  when  this  sketch  is  written, 
though  his  term  of  office  has  nearly  expired. 

Gen.  Brayman  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  when  he  came  to  Illinois,  having  been  bap 
tized  by  Rev.  Charles  Morton  at  Wooster.  O.,  in 
1839.  He  immediately  identified  himself  actively 
with  the  local  and  general  work  of  the  denomina 
tion  in  this  State,  and  has  ever  been  an  efficient 
and  liberal  helper.  In  1855  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society. 
and  has  been  several  times  president  of  the  General 
Association  of  the  State.  He  also  has  ever  taken 
an  active  interest  in  educational  movements.  He 
lias  been  trustee  and  one  of  the  regents  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Chicago,  and  trustee  of  the  Illinois  State 
Industrial  University,  and  was  one  of  the  founders 
and  first  members  of  the  Chicago  Historical  So 
ciety.  While  in  command  at  Natchez  he  estab 
lished  schools  for  the  colored  people:  while  in 
Little  Rock.  Ark.,  on  railroad  business,  he  gave 
positive  aid  in  school  matters,  and  since  his  resi 
dence  in  Wisconsin  has  been  connected  with  the 


management  of  Wavland  Institute,  at  Beaver 
Dam. 

Brayton,  Rev.  Durlin  L.,  was  born  in  Hub- 
bardston.  Vt..  (Jet.  '21,  1  SOX.  Having  decided  to 
enter  the  Christian  ministry,  he  pursued  his  col 
legiate  studies  at  Brown  University,  and  his  theo 
logical  studies  at  Ne\vt<>n,  where  he  graduated  in 
]S,'-i7.  Hi1  was  ordained  at  Providence.  Oct.  !">. 
1837.  having  received  his  appointment  as  a  mis 
sionary  the  -June  previous,  lie  sailed  from  Bos 
ton  Oct.  l2S.  Is57.and  reaching  Maulmain,  Feb.  19. 
1X58.  became  connected  with  the  Karen  department 
of  the  Maulmain  mission,  from  which  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  Mergui  the  April  following,  where  he 
devoted  himself  to  labors  among  the  Pwo  Karens. 
Near  the  close  of  this  year  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brayton 
returned  to  this  country,  on  account  of  the  illness 
of  Mrs.  Brayton.  He  remained  but  a  few  months, 
and  then  resumed  his  work  at  Mergui.  For  sev 
eral  years  he  was  occupied  with  his  missionary  la 
bors,  making  Mergui  his  headquarters,  and  visiting 
the  adjacent  regions  to  preach  the  gospel  as  oppor 
tunity  presented.  In  March.  1X54.  lie  removed  to 
Donabew  for  the  purpose  of  reaching  a  numerous 
Pwo  Karen  population  in  that  vicinity.  He  re 
mained  here  until  May.  1X55.  when  he  established 
himself  at  Kemmendine.  His  relation  with  the 
Union  was  dissolved  by  a  letter  of  resignation 
bearing  date  .July  2^.  1856.  and  was  resumed  in 
October.  181)1.  With  the  exception  of  the  time 
spent  in  a  second  visit  to  his  native  land.  Mr. 
Bravton  has  devoted  himself  to  missionary  labors 
amoiiir  the  Pwo  Karens  in  the  Rangoon  Karen  de 
partment,  where,  at  the  last  report,  there  wen.'  13 
churches,  with  398  members.  Mr.  Bravton's  fortv 
years  of  service  as  a  missionary  have  been  accom 
panied  with  the  richest  blessings  from  heaven. 

Brayton,  Hon.  George  Arnold,  LL.D.,  son  of 

Charles  and  Rebecca  (Havens)  Brayton.  was  born 
in  Warwick.  R.  I..  Aug.  4.  1803.  He  was  prepared 
for  college  at  Kent  Academy,  in  East  Greenwich. 
R.  I.,  and  was  graduated  with  high  rank  at  Brown 
University,  in  the  class  of  1824.  Among  his  class 
mates  were  the  eminent  Prof.  George  W.  Keely. 
of  Waterville  College  :  Hon.  Ezra  Wilkinson,  jus 
tice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts:  and 
Rev.  William  Leverett.  of  Newport.  R.  I.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827.  and  at  once  opened 
an  office  in  his  native  town.  He  was  called  during 
a  succession  of  years  to  fill  various  offices  of  honor 
and  trust  in  the  gift  of  his  fellow-citizens  of  his 
native  town.  In  1843  he  was  chosen  by  the  Gen 
eral  Assembly  associate  justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Rhode  Island.  He  held  this  office  until 
1868.  when  he  was  elected  chief  justice,  remaining 
in  office  until  1874.  when  ill  health  obliged  him  to 
resign,  after  a  judicial  service  of  thirty-one  years, 
the  longest  in  the  history  of  Rhode  Island.  So 


BRA 


131 


BREAKER 


highly  was  he  appreciated  that  his  salary  was  con 
tinued  until  his  death.  He  spent  the  last  years  of 
his  life  in  the  retirement  of  his  home  in  East  Green 
wich,  lie  contemplated  the  close  of  life  with 
Christian  calmness  and  composure.  Although 


CHIEF    JUSTICE    GEORGE    ARNOLD    BRAYTON'. 

Judge  Brayton  never  made  a  public  profession  of 
religion,  his  sympathies  were  with  the  Baptists, 
and.  had  his  health  not  given  way.  it  was  his  pur 
pose  to  have  been  baptized  on  a  profession  of  his 
personal  faith  in  Christ.  His  death  occurred  April 
21.  18SO.  He  received  from  Brown  University,  in 
187d.  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws.  In 
1831  he  married  Celia Greene  Clarke,  a  descendant 
of  Joseph  Clarke,  of  Newport,  R.  I.,  a  brother  of 
Dr.  John  Clarke,  a  name  distinguished  in  the  an 
nals  of  Baptist  history  in  Rhode  Island. 

Brayton,  Rev.  Jonathan,  son  of  Lodowick  and 

Betsey  (Knight)  Brayton,  was  born  in  Cranston, 
R.  I..  June  12,  1811.  The  first  eighteen  years  of 
his  life  were  spent  on  his  father's  farm.  He  then 
worked  at  the  trade  of  a  carpenter  four  years.  At 
the  end  of  this  period  he  came  very  near  losing  his 
life  in  consequence  of  a  fall  of  sixty  feet  from  the 
steeple  of  a  church  upon  which  he  was  at  work  in 
Providence.  Previous  to  this  his  thoughts  had 
been  directed  to  his  personal  spiritual  state,  and 
after  his  conversion,  to  the  work  of  the  ministry. 
In  the  event  which  laid  him  aside  from  his  trade 
he  seemed  to  hear  the  call  of  God  to  prepare  him 
self  to  become  a  minister  of  the  gospel.  Although 
he  was  now  twenty-two  years  of  age,  he  entered 
upon  a  course  of  preparatory  study,  and  in  the  fall 


of  1839  entered  the  Hamilton  Theological  Institu 
tion,  where  he  remained  two  years,  completing  his 
course  of  study  in  1841.  Peculiar  circumstances 
led  him  to  decide  to  be  ordained  at  Hamilton,  and 
he  was  publicly  set  apart  to  the  work  of  the  Chris 
tian  ministry  by  the  faculty  of  the  institution  per 
forming  the  services  of  his  ordination.  At  once 
he  returned  to  Rhode  Island,  and  commenced  his 
ministry  at  Phenix,  where  a  powerful  revival  fol 
lowed  his  labors  and  a  prosperous  church  was  es 
tablished.  The  other  settlements  of  Mr.  Brayton 
have  all  been  in  his  native  State,  in  two  villages  in 
Warwick,  in  one  village  in  Coventry,  and  in  Paw- 
tucket.  Such  has  been  the  state  of  his  health  that 
he  has  been  unable  always  to  perform  the  duties 
of  a  pastor,  but  in  all  matters  affecting  the  welfare 
and  prosperity  of  his  denomination  he  has  ever 
taken  the  most  substantial  interest.  He  has  held 
many  important  local  offices,  and  his  name  has  been 
mentioned  in  connection  with  the  governorship  of 
Rhode  Island. 

Brayton,  Hon.  William  Daniel,  son  of  Hon. 

Charles  and  Rebecca  (Havens)  Brayton,  was  born 
in  Warwick.  R.  I.,  Nov.  6.  1815;  studied  at  Kings 
ton  Academy  and  Brown  University  ;  engaged  in 
the  lumber  trade  :  was  representative  in  the  General 
Assembly  in  1841  and  1842:  a  major  during  the 
'•  Dorr  war''  :  became  town  clerk  of  Warwick  ; 
president  of  the  town  council  ;  in  1848,  State  sena 
tor  :  in  1851  was  again  in  the  General  Assembly; 
in  1855  was  again  State  senator;  in  1856,  Presi 
dential  elector;  in  1857,  elected  representative  to 
Congress,  and  re-elected  in  1859  ;  served  on  a  war 
committee  during  the  Rebellion  ;  in  1862  was  ap 
pointed  collector  of  internal  revenue  ;  in  1872.  dele 
gate  to  National  Republican  Convention  ;  a  steadfast 
Baptist  and  earnest  patriot  ;  and  has  had  charge 
of  the  money-orders  of  the  Providence  post-office. 

Breaker,  Rev.  J.  M.  C.,  was  born  near  Camden, 
Kershaw  District.  S.  C.,  July  25,  1824;  graduated 
from  Furman  Literary  and  Theological  Institution, 
Fairfield,  S.  C.,  June,  1846;  ordained  to  the  minis 
try  July  3,  1846;  lias  been  pastor  of  Greenville, 
Grahamville.  Beaufort,  Columbia,  Spartansburg, 
S.  C.  :  Newbern,  X.  C.  ;  Park  Avenue,  St.  Louis, 
Liberty  and  First  church,  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  ;  and 
has  been  pastor  at  Houston,  Texas,  since  April, 
1877,  where  he  is  excelled  by  no  other  city  minister 
in  ability  and  influence  ;  for  several  years  was  sec 
retary  of  the  South  Carolina  Baptist  State  Con 
vention  ;  founded  and  edited  at  Columbia,  S.  C., 
during  the  war,  a  weekly  paper  called  The  Con 
federate  Baptist ;  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from 
Lagrange  College,.  Mo.  ;  is  a  life-member  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  the  American 
Bible  Society  ;  has  baptized  1520  persons  ;  is  author 
of  a  prize  essay  on  "  Communion,"  published  in 


BREEDLOVE 


132 


BRIDGMAN 


1859,  urul  has  contributed  u  number  of  articles  to 
the  Christian  Review  and  other  periodicals. 

Breedlove,  Charles  R,.,  was  horn  in  Danville, 
Ya.,  April  3,  1831  ;  educated  at  Baylor  University, 
Texas  ;  graduated  both  from  the  Collegiate  depart 
ment  and  the,  la\v  school  ;  served  three  years  in 
Col.  L.  M.  .Martin's  Confederate  regiment;  has 
heen  a  ineiiiher  o('  tlie  Baptist  Church  twenty-one 
years;  since  18G5  has  practiced  la\v  at  Brenham, 
Texas,  with  distinguished  success  and  profit.  He 
has  heen  president  of  the  Texas  Baptist  Sunday- 
School  Convention,  and  is  connected  with  all  the 
prominent  benevolent  enterprises  of  the  denomina 
tion,  working  earnestlv  and  contributing  freely. 
lie  is  in  tlu:  front  rank  as  a  lawyer,  and  he  holds 
a  high  place  among  the  earnest  working  Christians 
of  tin'  I'nitrd  States. 

Breland,  Rev.  0.  F.,  was  a  leading  minister  in 
Southeast  .Mississippi.  lie  was  horn  in  Copiah 
Co.,  Miss.,  in  1825;  beiran  to  preach  in  1S5',);  or 
dained  in  lS()t):  supplied  a  number  of  churches  in 
Neshoba,  Newton,  and  Lcake  Counties,  from  two 
to  twelve  years;  baptized  .'SO1');  assisted  in  organ 
izing  seven  churches  and  in  the  ordination  of  three 
ministers  ;  wrote  the  history  of  Mount  Sinai  church, 
and  lia-<  preserved  much  historical  material.  His 
residence  is  at  Dixon,  Neshoba  Co.,  Miss. 

Brewer,  Rev.  George  E.,  was  horn  in  Coving- 
ton.  Ga..  Oet.  13,  1832  :  came  with  his  father  to  Ala 
bama  at  fifteen  years  of  age  ;  began  life  for  himself 
as  a  teacher  in  1S51.  In  1852  was  with  his  father, 
Rev.  A.  G.  Brewer  (one  of  the  founders  of  the  Meth 
odist  Protestant  Church),  engaged  in  the  publica 
tion  of  the  C/trixtian  Telegraph,  a  weekly  [taper  for 
that  denomination.  Returning  to  Alabama,  was  in 
1S5G  elected  superintendent  of  public  schools  for 
Coosa  County.  In  1857  he  was  elected  represen 
tative  from  that  county  to  the  State  Legislature. 
In  185'J  he  was  chosen  to  the  State  Senate  for  a 
term  of  four  years.  In  1862  he  entered  the  Con 
federate  army  as  captain  of  a  company.  His  field- 
officers  being  prisoners  from  the  IGth  of  May,  1863, 
to  the  close  of  the  war,  he  commanded  the  46th 
Regiment  of  Alabama  soldiers,  and  surrendered  the 
regiment  at  Salisbury,  X.  C.  In  1866,  Gov.  Patton 
appointed  him  inspector-general  of  Alabama.  This 
office  was  resigned  that  he  might  enter  upon  the 
work  of  an  evangelist,  under  appointment  of  the 
Domestic  Mission  Board.  The  religious  side  of 
his  history  is  as  follows:  Baptized  at  Roekford, 
Ala.,  in  I8f>4,  by  Rev.  Madison  Butler.  Ordained 
in  1859  to  take  charge  of  the  church  in  the  city  of 
Wetempka,  a  connection  which  continued  until  he 
entered  the  army.  As  an  evangelist  after  the  war, 
through  privation,  and  yet  "with  great  spiritual 
joy,"  he  continued  this  work  for  several  years, 
part  of  the  time  without  the  patronage  of  any 
board,  and,  on  foot,  reaching  all  his  appointments, 


giving  satisfaction  to  the  churches  and  receiving 
satisfactory  support.  Since  1S70  he  has  devoted 
himself  to  pastoral  work,  having  charge  for  some 
years  of  Talassec  and  other  churches  ;  then  for 
some  years  at  Opelika.  Mr.  Brewer  is  one  of  our 
most  clear-headed  and  warm-hearted  men.  A  bold, 
gifted,  able  preacher,  with  a  high  order  of  consecra 
tion. 
Bridgman,  C.  D.  W.,  D.D.— Dr.  Bridgman 

was  born    in    Saugerties,  N.  Y.,  -Ian.   1,  1SIJ5.      He 


C.     I).     W.     I1RIDGMAN.     J).D. 

was  baptized  by  Rev.  -Josiah  TIatt  into  the  fellow 
ship  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Hohoken.  N.  J.  His 
first  pastorate  was  at  Morristown.  N.  J.,  then  at 
•Jamaica,  Mass.,  and  in  1862  he  took  charge  of  Km- 
manuel  Baptist  church  of  Albany,  N.  Y.  During 
his  labors  the  church  erected  one  of  the  largest  and 
finest  edifices  for  public  worship  in  our  denomina 
tion  in  the  State.  Supported  by  such  well-known 
men  as  Gov.  Marcy,  Hon.  Ira  Harris,  Hon.  Friend 
Humphrey,  Hon.  Geo.  Dawson,  and  others  of  wealth 
and  high  social  influence,  the  church  became  a 
power  for  good  in  the  capital  of  the  State,  and 
throughout  the  country.  During  that  pastorate 
several  of  his  sermons  were  printed  and  published 
by  his  people;  among  them  may  be  noted  a  dis 
course  delivered  before  the  Pearl  Street  Baptist 
church,  Aug.  28,  1870,  on  the  occasion  of  leaving 
their  old  house  of  worship  ;  also  a  sermon  entitled 
(i  The  Nation's  Exodus,"  a  review  of  the  civil  Avar, 
and  a  thanksgiving  for  peace.  A  discourse  at  the 
funeral  of  Col.  Lewis  Benedict,  who  fell  in  battle 
fighting  for  the  Union.  A  memorial  discourse  ori 
the  life  and  service  of  Rev.  Bartholomew  T.  Welsh, 


BRIKKLY 


133 


BRIGGS 


D.D..  was  so  highly  prized   that  the  Hudson  lliver 
North  Association  published  it  in  its  annual  report.   ! 
Perhaps  his  published   discourse   on   the   death  of   [ 
lion.  Ira  Harris   produced  the  deepest  impression  | 
on  the  public   mind.      The  subject  of  the  memorial 
was  an   officer  of  his    church,  and    had  a  national 
reputation  for  probity,  learning,  wisdom,  and  piety, 
giving  the    preacher   a   theme    well    suited    to    his 
ability. 

Dr.  Bridgman  is  a  scholarly  preacher,  of  orthodox 
views,  faultless  rhetoric,  and  fervid  y.eal  for  the 
Master. 

In  1S7S  ho  accepted  a  call  from  the  Madison 
Avenue  Baptist  church,  New  York,  a  field  well 
adapted  to  his  style  of  work,  and  lie  has  had 
marked  success  in  building  up  a  congregation 
which  had  been  greatly  reduced. 

Brierly,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  one  of  the  most 

distinguished,  eloquent,  -and  influential  of  the  early 
preachers  in  California.  Born  in  York.  England. 
Nov.  '24.  ISl  1,  he  came  with  his  parents  to  America 
in  lS21.  and  during  the  great  revival  in  Massa 
chusetts  in  1S31,  he  was  baptized  at  Cunningham. 
He  believed  that,  he  was  converted  in  his  earlv 
childhood.  As  soon  as  he  was  baptized  he  gave 
<;reat  promise  of  usefulness  bv  his  fervent  pravers 
and  exhortations,  and  devoted  himself  to  the  min- 
istrv.  His  four  years  of  study  at  Newt  'ii  and 
New  Hampton  were  years  of  diligence,  ami  he 
graduated  with  hiiih  honor.  lie  was  ordained  in 
1S3")  at  Dover,  N.  II.,  and  during  the  next  fourteen 
years  was  a  popular  pastor  at  Dover,  Great  Falls, 
Springfield.  Middlebury,  Vt.  :  Manchester,  X.  II.  ; 
and  Salem.  Mass.  For  the  benefit  of  his  health 
he  took  a  sea  voyage  rin.  Cape  Horn  to  California, 
arriving  there  in  August.  1S4'.I.  lie  was  chaplain 
of  the  first  Legislature  held  in  that  State,  preached 
at  San  -lose,  and  was  pastor  at  Sacramento.  After 
a  short  visit  to  the  Mast  he  returned  with  his  fam 
ily  to  California  in  l.Sf>l2  ;  was  pastor  of  the  First 
church,  San  Francisco,  six  years;  at  San  -Jose  two 
years;  and  three  years  at  Nevada  City,  where  lie 
died  -July  '1\,  IS03.  He  was  a  man  of  great  power 
in  the  discussion  of  special  religious  themes.  His 
address  in  1847  before  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society,  giving  his  reasons  for  becoming 
a  Baptist,  was  published  by  vote  of  the  society,  and 
had  a  wide  circulation. 

Briggs,   Hon.   George   Nixon. — "  Governor" 

Briggs,  for  by  this  title  he  was  best  known,  was 
born  in  Adams,  Mass.,  April  I '1.  17%.  His  father 
was  a  man  of  generous  impulses  and  patriotic 
spirit.  In  the  war  of  the  Revolution  he  fought 
with  Stark  and  Allen,  and  rejoiced  in  the  victories 
of  the  American  army.  He  removed  to  Man 
chester,  Vt.,  when  George  was  seven  years  of  age, 
and  then  to  White  Creek.  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y. 
For  five  years  he  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of 


law,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.  One  or  two  cases  which  he  carried  suc 
cessfully  through  the  courts  won  for  him  a  repu 
tation,  and  led  to  his  being  chosen  to  fill  several. 
important  posts  of  honor  and  responsibility. 


In  1X30  he  was  chosen  to  represent  his  section 
of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  in  the  House  of 
Representatives  at  Washington.  In  this  relation 
he  was  always  the  consistent  Christian,  the  warm 
advocate  of  temperance,  as  well  as  the  accomplished 
statesman.  For  twelve  years  he  served  his  district 
in  the  councils  of  the  nation,  leaving  behind  him 
a  name  in  Congress  of  unsullied  honor. 

In  1X43  his  fellow-citizens,  appreciating  the  ex 
cellencies  of  his  character,  elected  him  governor 
of  the  State.  "He  was  a  candidate."  says  his  son. 
"  without  caucus  or  convention  or  nomination,  save 
by  the  voice  of  the  people/'  When  he  was  chosen 
representative  to  Congress,  so  warm  a  place  did  he 
come  to  have  in  the  hearts  of  the  people  while  he 
filled  the  office  of  governor,  that  he  justified  the 
course  pursued  by  his  constituents  in  sending  him 
to  Washington  and  keeping  him  there  so  many 
years.  For  nine  years  he  held  the  office  of  gov 
ernor,  and  administered  the  affairs  of  the  State  in 
a  way  which  secured  him  the  respect  and  affection 
of  his  fellow-citizens. 

Having  retired  from  his  office,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas, 
until  some  change  was  made  in  the  courts,  when 
his  services  were  no  longer  in  demand.  During 
this  long  period  of  civil  service  Gov.  Briggs  re 
ceived  some  of  the  highest  honors  that  his  own 


J3PIGGS 


134 


denomination  could  confer  on  him.  lie  was  pres 
ident  of  the  Missionary  Union,  and  those  who 
witnessed  the  dignity  and  urbanity  and  tact  with 
which  he  presided  over  its  annual  meetings,  will 
not  lie  unwilling  to  concede  that  he  was  a  model 
presiding  nflicer.  He  was  also  president  of  the 
American  Tract  Society  at  Huston,  and  the  Amer 
ican  Temperance  Union.  Positions  of  honor  and 
trust  were  offered  him,  which  he  declined,  among 
these  was  that  of  chancellor  of  Madison  Univer 
sity. 

The  death  of  Gov.  Brings  was  caused  by  a  seri 
ous  accident.  His  last  words  were,  '•  I  am  at  the 
lowest  point  of  animal  existence.  I  don't  see. 
God  and  Christ  are  my  all.  I  love  you.  !>,>  what  , 
you  think  best.  Leave  all  to  God,  God,  God.'' 
He  died  Sept.  12,  1801. 

No  warmer  or  more  sincere  eulogies  were  ever 
] Hissed  on  the  characters  of  any  of  Massachusetts' 
distinguished  statesmen — and  no  State  can  boast 
of  a  larger  or  more  honored  number — than  were 
passed  on  Gov.  Briggs.  He  was  firm  and  un 
wavering  in  his  religious  convictions,  and  true  to 
the  principles  of  the  denomination  with  which  he 
connected  himself  when  he  was  but  twelve  years 
of  age.  It  was  understood  that  he  was  a  consci 
entious  Baptist,  and  that  did  not  make  him  the  less 
a  conscientious  Christian.  But  the  warmth  of  his 
attachment  to  his  own  church  in  his  Pittsfield 
home  it  is  not  easy  to  measure.  Its  public  and 
its  private  worship  were  exceedingly  dear  to  him. 
Very  touching  were  the  questions  which  his  pastor. 
l>r.  Porter,  asked  at  his  funeral :  ''  Can  it  be,  dear 
brethren,  that  he  will  walk  these  aisles  no  more? 
Can  it  be  that  his  noble  form,  and  mild  blue  eye, 
and  benevolent  face  will  not  be  seen  again  in  the 
sanctuary  ?'' 

We,  as  Baptists,  count  it  a  great  honor  that  we 
can  point  to  the  name  of  the  pure-minded  gov 
ernor  of  Massachusetts,  upon  whose  fair  reputation 
no  stain  rests,  and  whose  moral  integrity  was  never 
challenged  by  even  the  most  violent  partisan  ani 
mosity. 

Briggs,  Hon.  Henry  C.,  was  bom  in  West  Ha 
ven,  Vt.,  June  29,  1831.  In  his  infancy  his  father 
removed  to  Allegan  Co.,  Mich.  lie  was  educated 
partly  in  Kalamazoo  College  and  partly  in  the 
University  of  Michigan.  Ho  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1861,  having  previously  been  chosen  State 
senator  from  Allegan  County.  lie  was  prosecuting 
attorney  for  Kalamazoo  County  four  years,  and 
judge  of  probate  eight  years.  Soon  after  entering  i 
on  the  practice  of  his  profession  he  was  baptized 
by  Rev.  Samuel  Haskell,  and  has  ever  since  been 
specially  interested  in  whatever  pertains  to  the 
kingdom  of  Christ.  As  superintendent  of  the  Sun 
day-school,  as  trustee  of  Kalamazoo  College,  as  a 
steadfast  friend  of  temperance,  he  has  won  a  good 


name.     Every  Baptist  in  the  State  knows  him  as  a 
Christian  lawyer  desirous  of  honoring  Christ. 

BriggS,  Rev.  Joel,  was  born  in  Norton,  Mass., 
April  15,  1757:  hopefully  converted  in  January, 
1770:  fitted  for  college  with  l!ev.  William  Nelson 
and  Rev.  William  Williams  ;  went  to  Brown  Uni 
versity  ;  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Randolph,  Mass.,  Dec.  5,  1787.  and  re 
mained  with  this  church  until  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  Jan.  IS,  1828.  The  pastorate  of 
Mr.  Briggs  was  one  of  unusual  length,  and  was 
fruitful  for  good.  He  witnessed  four  or  five  special 
revivals  among  his  people,  in  one  of  which  his 
church  received  an  accession  of  between  70  and  80 
members.  From  his  church  there  were  formed  two 
others,  viz..  the  church  in  Canton  and  the  North 
church  in  Randolph. 

BriggS,  W.  A.,  of  Blue  Rapids.  Kansas,  is  a 
native  of  Western  Massachusetts,  and  a  nephew 
of  the  late  Gov.  Briggs.  The  church  at  Blue 
Rapids  was  organized  and  their  house  of  worship 
erected  under  his  eflicient  labors.  His  business 
qualifications  being  of  a  high  order,  he  has  been 
induced  to  accept  the  office  of  mayor  of  the  city, 
which  position  he  has  held  several  years,  to  the 
great  satisfaction  of  the  people. 

Bright,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Walton, 
England,  in  1808.  lie  was  baptized  in  Utica,  N.  Y.. 
and  soon  after  entered  the  ministry.  lie  labored 
as  pastor  of  the  churches  in  Richland.  Pulaski, 
and  Adams,  N.  Y..  and  in  Elkhorn.  Walworth. 
Spring  Prairie,  Geneva,  Fox  Lake,  Waupaca.  and 
Madison.  Wis.  He  came  to  Wisconsin  in  1852. 
He  was  a  widelv-known  and  greatly-beloved  min 
ister  of  Christ,  a  clear  and  strong  preacher  of  the 
gospel.  He  clung  tenaciously  to  its  doctrines,  and 
delighted  in  a  full  exposition  of  the  plan  of  salvation. 
And  while  he  was  a  great  expounder  of  divine  truth, 
he  was  at  the  same  time  richly  experimental  in  his 
preaching.  His  doctrines  were  personal  experi 
ences  coming  from  his  heart  to  the  hearts  of  his 
hearers.  He  was  a  safe  and  judicious  counselor,  a 
wise  man.  His  presence  in  the  church,  the  council, 
the  Association,  the  convention,  was  always  sought 
by  his  brethren.  He  had  no  enemies. 

lie  fell  with  the  harness  on.  While  preaching 
in  his  pulpit  in  Madison.  Wis.,  on  Sabbath  evening,' 
Sept.  10.  1870.  he  sank  back  on  the  sofa  in  death. 
In  his  decease  the  Baptists  of  Wisconsin  lost  one 
of  the  best  of  ministers, — a  man  whose  well-bal 
anced  mind,  large  heart,  and  clear  and  experimental 
knowledge  of  God's  Word  raised  him  far  ab  >ve 
many. 

Brine,  Rev.  John,  was  born  at  Kettering.  Eng 
land,  about  170o.  When  very  young  the  Saviour 
found  him  and  revealed  his  love  in  him.  and  he 
united  by  baptism  with  the  immersed  church  of 
Kettering,  by  which  he  was  called  to  the  ministry. 


Bit  IX  SOX 


135 


BRISTOL 


After  preaching  for  a  short  time  in  the  country, 
he  went  to  London  in  173U  to  enter  upon  the  pas 
torate  of  the  church  in  St.  Paul's  Alley.  Cripple- 
gate.  He  remained  in  this  position  thirty-live 
years,  and  left  it  for  his  heavenly  reward  Feb.  -1, 
1705. 

Mr.  Brine  was  a  great  man  measured  by  his  in 
tellect,  his  usefulness,  and  his  influence.  He  was 
a  man  of  deep  piety  ;  he  was  intimately  acquainted 
with  the  Holy  Scriptures.  He  had  an  enthusiastic 
love  for  the  doctrines  of  grace,  and  next  to  Dr. 
Gill,  whose  early  ministrations  brought  him  to 
Jesus,  he  was  for  years  the  most  influential  leader 
in  the  Baptist  denomination.  Ili.s  doctrinal  senti 
ments  were  in  exact  harmony  with  those  of  Dr. 
Gill.  The  doctor  preached  his  funeral  sermon,  and 
in  it  said.  "  I  might  take  notice  of  his  natural  and 
acquired  abilities,  his  great  understanding,  clear 
light,  and  sound  judgment  in  the  doctrines  of  the 
gospel,  and  the  great  deep  things  of  God.  and  of 
his  zeal,  skill,  and  courage  in  vindicating  important 
truths  published  by  him  to  the  world,  and  by  which 
he  being  dead  yet  speaketh." 

Mr.  Brine  was  the  author  of  24  sermons,  pub 
lished  separately  at  various  times  during  his  min 
istry,  and  of  14  pamphlets  and  larger  works. 

Brinson,  Rev.  James,  a  pioneer  in  the  region 
between  Ouachita  and  Red  Kiver,  was  born  in  Ten 
nessee.  By  his  labors  some  of  the  earliest  churches 
in  this  region  were  gathered.  lie  died  in  1S31. 

Brisbane,  Dr.  Win.  H.,  was  born  near  Charles 
ton.  S.  C.  His  ancestors  were  of  aristocratic  Eng 
lish  and  Irish  families,  and  he  was  the  heir  of 
large  wealth.  His  early  education  was  intrusted 
to  Bishop  England,  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church, 
and  subsequently  to  Rev.  Win.  T.  Brantly,  then 
president  of  Beaufort  College.  At  the  age  of  fifteen 
he  was  sent  North,  to  the  military  school  at  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  from  which  he  was  graduated  with 
honor  at  the  age  of  nineteen.  Soon  after  this  he 
was  converted,  and  at  once  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to 
preach  the  gospel.  His  fine  culture  and  attain 
ments,  and  his  consecration  to  the  work,  placed  him 
very  early  in  the  front  ranks  of  the  Baptist  ministry 
of  the  South.  He  had  among  his  personal  friends 
such  men  as  Fuller,  Howell,  Jeter,  and  Brantly  ; 
and  among  well-known  public  men  he  enjoyed  the 
friendship  of  Jackson,  Calhoun,  Clay,  Webster,  and 
Benton.  He  was  thoroughly  familiar  with  public 
affairs  and  current  political  matters,  and  his  splen 
did  culture  and  large  wealth  gave  him  access  to  the 
best  society  of  the  country.  lie  spent  much  time 
at  the  State  and  National  capitals,  where  he  became 
deeply  interested  in  questions  then  agitating  both 
State  and  nation,  among  them  the  question  of 
American  slavery.  This  subject  had  early  in  life 
taken  a  deep  and  absorbing  hold  upon  his  mind, 
he  himself  being  a  large  slave-holder.  After  an 


honest  and  prayerful  consideration  of  the  question, 
extending  through  several  years,  he  became  con 
vinced  that  the  system  was  wrong  ;  and  he  resolved 
to  give  freedom  to  his  slaves.  He  bought  back  the 
servants  he  had  sold,  and  having  purchased  land 
in  Ohio,  he  came  with  his  former  slaves  and  settled 
them  in  new  homes,  abundantly  supplying  the 
means  for  their  immediate  support.  Arid  Dr.  Bris 
bane  himself  became  a  resident  of  Cincinnati.  0. 
Here  he  labored  with  renewed  consecration  in  the 
work  of  the  ministry.  He  became  a  radical  and 
uncompromising  leader  in  the  cause  of  human 
emancipation. 

For  twentv-five  vears  Wisconsin  was  honored  in 
having  this  good  man  among  her  citizens.  He  was 
wridely  known  as  the  friend  and  champion  of  every 
good  cause.  He  preached  the  gospel  in  his  declining 
years  with  great  power  at  Madison.  Mazomanie, 
Spring  Green,  and  other  places.  He  was  greatly 
admired  for  his  undoubted  conscientiousness,  his 
deep  humility,  his  great  services  to  the  cause  of 
truth  and  sound  reform.  He  died  at  his  home  at 
Arena.  Wis.,  on  the  5th  of  April,  1878,  aged 
seventy-five  years. 

Bristol  Baptist  College,  England,  is  the  oldest 
of  the  theological  seminaries  of  the  denomination. 
Many  of  the  eminent  men  who  founded  the  early 
Baptist  churches  in  England  and  Wales  had  been 
educated  at  the  universities  of  Oxford  and  Cam 
bridge,  and  when  the  doors  of  these  great  national 
institutions  were  closed  against  Nonconformists  by 
law,  after  the  restoration  of  Charles  II.,  they  felt 
themselves  compelled  to  provide  for  the  continuance 
of  an  educated  ministry.  In  1675  the  Baptist 
ministers  in  London  invited  their  brethren  through 
out  the  country  to  meet  in  the  following  May  in 
the  metropolis  with  a  view  to  form  "a  plan  for 
providing  an  orderly  standing  ministry  who  might 
give  themselves  to  reading  and  study,  and  so  be 
come  able  ministers  of  the  New  Testament."  Four 
years  after  this  meeting,  in  lf>79,  an  excellent 
deacon  of  the  Broadmead  church,  Bristol,  Mr.  Ed 
ward  Terrill,  executed  a  deed  leaving  a  considerable 
part  of  his  property  to  the  pastor  of  the  Broad- 
mead  church  for  the  time  being,  "  provided  he  be  a 
liolv  man,  well  skilled  in  the  Greek  and  Hebrew 
tongues,  and  devote  three  half-days  a  week  to  the 
instruction  of  any  number  of  young  students,  not 
exceeding  twelve,  who  maybe  recommended  by  the 
churches."  In  1089  what  was  called  a  General 
Assembly  was  convened  in  London,  in  which  more 
than  one  hundred  churches  were  represented,  and 
it  was  resolved  to  raise  a  fund,  one  object  of  which 
should  be  to  assist  "  members  of  churches  who  had 
promising  gifts,  were  sound  in  fundamentals,  and 
inclined  to  study,  in  attaining  to  the  knowledge  of 
Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew."  Progress,  however, 
was  slow  for  various  reasons.  Mr.  Terrill' s  fund 


BRISTOL 


136 


BRITTAIX 


did  not  become  available  until  the  death  of  his 
widow,  but  there  is  evidence  showing  that  -Mr. 
Caleb  Jope  was  chosen  as  one  of  the  ministers  of 
the  Broadmead  church,  Bristol,  for  the  purpose  of 
teaching,  and  that  he  received  support  from  Tor 
i-ill's  fund  from  1714  to  17IU.  With  the  acceptance 
of  the  pastorate  at  Broadmead  by  Mr.  Bernard 
Fuskett.  in  17-1),  the  .Bristol  Academy  became  a 
recoi^ni/.ed  institution  among  the  churches.  The 
Particular  Baptist  Fund,  which  had  been  established 
in  1717,  included  ministerial  education  among  its 
objects,  and  from  this  quarter  the  work  at  Bristol 
received  considerable  aid.  Sixty-live  students  were 
taught  bv  Mr.  Foskett,  of  whom  the  most  note 
worthy  were  Benjamin  Beddome,  John  Ryland.  Sr., 
Benjamin  Francis,  Hugh  Kvans,  Morgan  Edwards 
(afterwards  of  Philadelphia),  Dr.  Ash.  and  Dr. 
Llewellyn.  Hu^h  Evan.s  succeeded  Mr.  Foskett, 
and  was  succeeded  by  his  son.  Dr.  Caleb  Evans. 
Under  their  direction  the  interests  of  the  college 
flourished,  and  in  1770  the  Bristol  Education  So 
ciety  was  formed  "  for  the  enlargement  of  the 
number  of  students  in  this  seminary,  and  its  more 
effectual  and  permanent  support.''  Among  the 
students  admitted  to  the  college  during  Dr.  Evans's 
presidency  were -John  Rippon.  John  Sutclifl',  Robert 
Hall.  Samuel  Pearce,  Joseph  Hughes,  the  founder 
of  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  William 
Steadman.  Joseph  Kinghorn,  John  Foster,  and 
William  Staughton.  afterwards  of  Philadelphia. 
In  17Sf),  Robert  Hall  became  one  of  the  tutors  in 
the  institution,  and  as  assistant  minister  at  Broad- 
mead  gave  brilliant  promise  of  the  oratorical  fame 
which  in  subsequent  years  he  attained.  On  Dr. 
Evans's  death.  Dr.  John  Ryland,  of  Northampton, 
accepted  the  presidency,  and  continued  his  official 
service  thirty-two  years,  until  his  death,  in  ]S2~>. 
The  present  edilice  in  Stokes  Croft,  Bristol,  was 
built  in  IS  11.  Dr.  Ryland  was  succeeded  by  the 
Rev.  T.  S.  Crisp,  who  for  several  years  had  rilled 
the  classical  professorship  and  served  the  Broad- 
mead  church  as  assistant  minister.  Mr.  Crisp  held 
the  office  until  his  death,  in  186S,  when  he  was  suc 
ceeded  by  the  present  distinguished  president,  Dr. 
F.  W.  Gotch,  who  had  been  Mr.  Crisp's  colleague 
since  1S46.  and  also  a  former  student  of  the  institu 
tion.  Under  Dr.  Gotch  Bristol  College  maintains 
its  ancient  reputation,  and  enjoys  the  confidence  of 
the  churches.  During  its  continuous  history  from 
1720  to  the  present  time  about  GOO  students  have 
been  registered  on  its  roll,  several  of  whom  have 
become  presidents  and  professors  in  Baptist  colleges. 
Between  forty  and  fifty  missionaries  of  the  Baptist 
Missionary  Society  received  their  education  at  Bris 
tol,  among  whom  were  Dr.  Marshrnan,  Dr.  Yates, 
John  Mack,  Thomas  Burchell,  and  C.  B.  Lewis. 
Bristol  College  possesses  a  remarkably  valuable 
library,  and  a  choice  collection  of  rare  and  antique 


articles  of  various  kinds,  the  munificent  bequest  of 
Dr.  Andrew  Clifford.  The  library  contains  a  manu 
script  copy  of  Wy cliff's  translation  of  the  Epistles, 
the  Acts,  and  the  Apocalypse,  and  another  of  a  Wyc- 
liflite  version  of  Matthew  and  the  Acts,  which  be 
longed  to  the  celebrated  Lord  Cobham,  the  Lollard 
leader;  the  copy  of  the  great  charter  of  Edward 
I.  which  Blackstone  used  in  preparing  his  Com 
mentaries  ;  a  copy  of  the  first  edition  of  •'  Paradise 
Lost."  supposed  to  have  been  Milton's  own  copy; 
a  Concordance  published  in  1G7-5.  with  the  auto 
graph  of  John  Bunyan.  In  English  Bibles  and 
Testaments  the  library  is  very  rich,  the  most  val 
uable  book  in  the  collection  being  a  copy  of  the  first 
edition  of  Tyndale's  New  Testament,  of  which  no 
other  complete  copy  is  known  to  exist.  It  is  literally 
the  FIRST  English  Testament,  and  as  such  it  is  justly 
styled  the  most  interesting  book  in  the  language. 
There  are  no  less  than  thirty-five  different  editions 
of  English  Bibles  and  Testaments  published  during 
the  reigns  of  Henry  A"III.  and  Edward  VI..  in 
cluding  the  rare  and  valuable  first  and  second  edi 
tions  of  Coverdale's  folio  Bible.  Of  early  printed 
books,  there  are  three  from  Caxton's  press  in 
14S1-SL',  the  first  books  printed  in  England:  the 
second,  third,  and  fifth  editions  of  Erasmus's  Greek 
Testament;  the  "Nuremberg  Chronicle,''  14(.l.'!  : 
and  a  book  called  '•  Robert!  Sermones,"  printed  in 
147.").  The  walls  of  the  library  and  museum  are 
adorned  with  a  large  collection  of  portraits,  both 
paintings  and  prints,  of  notable  persons,  for  the 
most  part  identified  with  the  denomination.  An 
exquisitely  finished  miniature  of  Cromwell,  one  of 
the  few  authentic  likenesses  of  the  great  hero,  is 
the  chief  treasure  in  the  museum,  which  is  crowded 
with  objects  of  varied  interest  from  all  lands.  A 
bust  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gifford,  with  an  appropriate 
Latin  inscription,  is  placed  over  the  entrance  to  the 
museum. 

Brittain,    Rev.  Jabez  Mercer,  of  Georgia, 

youngest  child  of  Henry  and  Louisa  Brittain.  was 
born  May  4,  1X42,  near  Lexington.  Oglethorpe 
County.  Ilis  grandparents  came  into  Georgia 
from  Virginia  in  1797.  and  settled  in  Oglethorpe 
County.  Ilis  father  was  a  soldier  under  Gen. 
Floyd  in  the  Indian  war  of  1814,  and  was  clerk  of 
the  Court  of  Ordinary  for  Oglethorpe  County  for 
many  years.  Ilis  mother  was  a  meek  and  pious 
woman,  who  devoted  herself  assiduously  to  the 
training  of  her  children.  Mr.  Brittain  was  pre 
pared  for  college  by  Prof.  T.  B.  Moss,  a  distin 
guished  educator  in  Lexington,  Ga.,  and  entered 
Franklin  College,  now  the  University  of  Georgia, 
in  January,  1859,  graduating  in  1861.  He  enlisted 
in  the  Confederate  army  in  September,  1861,  and 
became  attached  to  Lawton's  brigade  in  Stonewall 
Jackson's  division.  After  taking  part  in  several 
engagements,  he  was  appointed  chaplain  to  the  38th 


BROADDUS 


137 


BROADDUS 


Georgia  Regiment  in  the  summer  of  1863.  He  took 
sin  active  part  in  the  great  revival  which  occurred  in 
the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  and  baptized  many 
converts.  In  August,  180-1,  he  resigned  his  com 
mission  on  account  of  a  severe  family  affliction,  and 
was  exempted  from  further  military  duty.  He  re 
turned  home  and  engaged  in  farming  for  three 
years,  after  which  he  taught  in  the  institutions  of 
learning  at  Dalton.  Acworth,  and  Conyers,  and  he 
is  now  principal  of  the  Connigton  Male  Institute. 
lie  has  also  continuously  engaged  in  pastoral  work 
for  Baptist  churches  in  Whitfield.  Gordon,  Bartow, 
Rockdale,  and  Newton  Counties,  and  he  has  filled 
acceptably  the  position  of  moderator  of  the  Stone 
Mountain  Association. 

Mr.  Brittain  was  converted  in  18f>7.  and  the 
same  year  was  baptized  by  Dr.  P.  II.  Mell  and 
joined  the  Antioch  church,  Oglethorpe  County. 
Hi1  was  ordained  in  the  fall  of  18(13. 

The  frequent  descent  of  genuine  revivals  in  the 
churches  of  his  charge  proves  his  faithfulness  and 
excellence  as  a  minister:  while  the  constant  una 
nimity  with  which  be  has  boon  called  bv  his 
churches,  and  the  various  and  numerous  tokens  (if 
affection  he  has  received  from  their  members,  show 
the  appreciation  in  which  his  services  art;  held. 
Though  he  is  a  well-educated  man  and  a  thorough 
Christian  gentleman,  his  greatest  ambition  is  to 
excel  in  winning  and  training  souls  for  the  service 
of  Christ. 

Broaddus  Female  College. — This  institution 
was  established  in  Winchester,  Va.,  September, 
1871,  as  Winchester  Female  Institute,  Rev.  S.  F. 
Chapman,  Principal.  After  a  brief  service  Mr. 
Chapman  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  E.  J.  Willis. 
The  school  became  prosperous,  and  the  list  of  stu 
dents  increased  until  in  the  third  year  the  number 
reached  ~'l. 

The  fourth  session  was  opened  under  the  name 
of  Broaddus  Female  College,  in  honor  of  Rev. 
Wm.  F.  Broaddus,  D.I).  Two  other  denomina 
tional  schools  were  opened  in  the  town,  and  the 
money  crisis  occurring  at  the  same  time,  the  in 
terests  of  this  school  were  so  affected  that,  in  1870, 
it  was  moved  to  Clarksburg.  W.  Va.,  and  is  in  it 
flourishing  condition.  The  Baptists  of  the  State 
have  adopted  the  school  and  pledged  to  it  their 
support.  Rev.  E.  -I.  Willis  continues  as  principal, 
and  is  assisted  by  seven  well-qualified  teachers. 
The  course  of  instruction  is  extensive,  furnishing 
opportunities  equal  to  those  of  any  school  for  young 
ladies  in  the  middle  Southern  States.  Nearly  all 
its  sessions  have  been  characterized  by  special  re 
ligious  interest  among  the  students,  many  of  whom 
have  professed  faith  in  Christ. 

Broaddus,  Wm.  F.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Culpeper 
Co.,  Va.,  April  30,  1801.  His  mind  developed 
rapidly,  and  he  soon  secured  and  held  a  prominent 
10 


position  among  his  associates.     He  married  at  the 
early  age  of  eighteen,  and  was  converted  at  the  age 
of  twenty.     In  April.  1824.  be  was  ordained  to  the 
work  of  the  gospel   ministry,     lie  settled   in   Mid- 
dleburg.   Loudoun    Co..  Va..   where    he    conducted 
with  great  success  a  large  school  for  younir  ladies, 
serving  at  the  same  time  as  pa.-tor.  Mount  Salem, 
"  F.    T."    Bethel,    l.'pperville.    Long    Branch,  and 
Middlebuvy    churches.       Iu    this    field    be   labored 
most   successfully   for   sixteen   years,    serving    the 
churches  in  some  cases  without  compensation,  and 
in   others   for   merely  a   nominal   salary.      Antino- 
mianism  at  that  period   held  sway  over  this  entire 
region,  and  its  advocates  exerted  themselves  to  the 
utmost  to  render  futile  his  plain  gospel   teachings 
and  faithful  labors.     Rut  the  truth   gradually  won 
its  way,  until  a  complete  revolution  was  made  in 
the  views,  feelings,  and  actions  of  individuals  and 
churches,  so  that  no   more   exemplary  and   fruitful 
churches   can   be   found   than   those   in   the  region 
where    Dr.  Broaddus   began  his  ministerial   career. 
The  denomination  at  large  knows  but  little  of  what 
they  really  owe  to  him   for  having  been  the  means 
of  driving  out   a  "dead  orthodoxy."  and  planting 
in  its  stead  a  vital,  active  Christian   life.      In  18-10 
he  removed  to  Lexington.  Ky..  where   he  en  paired 
in   teaching  and   preaching,  serving,  besides  other 
churches,     those     at    Versailles     and     Shelbvville. 
About  the  year  1851  he  returned  to  Virginia    am1, 
I  accepted   an    agency    for   the    Columbian    College, 
Washington.  I).  C..  to  raise  an  endowment  fund  for 
that  institution.      In  this  he  was  quite-  successful, 
In  183")  he  accepted  an  invitation  to  become  pastor 
of  the   church    in   Fredericksburg,  Va.,   where   he 
was    soon    instrumental    in    building   a   handsome 
church  edifice,  and  in  gathering  a  large  and  efficient 
congregation.    Still  retaining  his  strong  predilection 
for    teaching,    he   opened    here?  a  school   of  a  high 
grade  for  young  ladies,  which  was  conducted  suc 
cessfully  for  several  years.     In  ]S")9  he  undertook 
an   agency  for  raising  money  in  Virginia  towards 
the  endowment  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary.      Returning  to   Fredericksburg  on  the 
successful    accomplishment  of  this   agency,  he  re 
sumed  his  pastoral  labors,  and  continued  them  until 
1803.  when   the  city  was  occupied  by  U.  S.  troops 
and  the  inhabitants  scattered  over  the  State.      Dr. 
Broaddus  was  held  for  a  while  by  the  U.  S.  authori 
ties  as  prisoner  in  the  •'  Old  Capitol"  at  Washing 
ton,  arid  by  his  gentlemanly  bearing,  genial  humor. 
fund  of  anecdote,  and  straightforward,  manly  con 
duct  he  won  the  kindest  regards  of  all  who  came 
in  contact  with   him.     Many  a  lonely  hour  did   he 
lighten  up  in  the  old  prison-house  as  he  narrated, 
in  his  peculiarly  interesting  way,  to  friends  grouped 
around  him.  various  adventures  that  he  had  met 
with  in  the  diversified  course  of  his  eventful   life. 
Dr.  Broaddus,  soon   after   his   release,  removed   to 


BROAD  US 


138 


BROADUS 


Charlotteville,  Va.,  and  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  that  place,  which  position  he  held  until 
180S,  when  he  resigned  and  returned  to  Frcdericks- 
buri;'  to  prosecute  an  agency  under  the  appoint 
ment  of  the  General  Association  for  the  education 
of  the  children  of  deceased  and  disabled  Confed 
erate  soldiers.  This  labor  he  carried  on  with  great 
success  until  1872,  when  the  further  prosecution  of 
the  work  became  unnecessary.  Dr.  Broaddus  was 
enabled  by  his  persevering  efforts  to  keep  at  school 
for  several  years  some  thousands  of  poor  children 
with  the  money  raised  for  that  purpose.  For  a 
brief  period  subsequent  to  this  he  devoted  himself 
to  the  work  of  a  voluntary  and  independent  evan 
gelist,  preaching  wherever  invited,  until  blindness 
and  increasing  bodily  infirmities  prevented  the  fur 
ther  prosecution  of  these  congenial  labors,  lie 
died  in  Fredericksburg,  Sept.  8,  1870,  in  the  seventy- 
sixth  year  of  his  age.  The  degree  of  IV).  was 
conferred  upon  Mr,  Broaddus  by  the  ''olnmbian 
College  in  1S.")4.  As  a  man,  Dr.  Broaddus  was 
genial,  gentle,  and  courteous.  His  constant  and 
varied  intercourse  with  all  classes  of  men  gave  him 
a  shrewd  insight  into  the  more  recondite  workings 
of  human  nature.  His  companionship  was  as  at 
tractive  to  the  young  as  it  was  to  the  middle-aged 
and  the  old.  His  home  was  open  to  all,  and  troops 
of  friends  have  rested  beneath  his  hospitable  roof. 
As  a  peace-maker  he  was  pre-eminent,  and  the 
blessings  of  many  a  household  rested  upon  him  for 
his  judicious  and  kindly  counsel.  To  every  good 
work  he  gave  his  voice  and  his  money,  and  fre 
quently  his  personal  labor,  so  that  many  now  rise 
up  to  call  him  blessed.  As  a  preacher,  he  was 
earnest,  persuasive,  practical.  Obliged  for  years  to 
combat  the  erroneous  views  of  those  who  abused 
the  doctrine  of  God's  sovereignty,  and  necessarily 
polemic  in  many  of  his  earlier  discourses,  he  never 
theless  held  tenaciously  to  the  fundamental  doc 
trines  of  grace,  while  he  urged  men  everywhere 
to  prove  their  new  spiritual  life  by  new  spiritual 
works.  A  very  large  number,  many  hundreds  per 
haps,  were  converted  through  his  instrumentality  ; 
and  as  a  consequence  no  name  in  the  long  list  of 
faithful  Virginia  ministers  is  more  earnestly  loved 
and  tenderly  revered  than  that  of  William  F. 
Broaddus. 

Broadus,  Rev.  Andrew,  was  born  in  Carolina 
Co.,  Va.,  Nov.  4,  1770.  His  love  of  letters  and 
his  studiousness  were  such  that  he  became  one  of 
the  most  thorough  Biblical  scholars  of  his  times. 
About  the  age  of  eighteen  he  experienced  a  change 
of  heart,  and,  although  strenuously  opposed  by  his 
father,  who  was  a  rigid  adherent  of  the  Episcopal 
Church,  he  was  baptized  May  28,  1789,  and  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Upper 
King  and  Queen,  then  under  the  care  of  the  Rev. 
Theodoric  Noel.  The  duty  of  preparing  himself 


to  preach  the  gospel  at  once  pressed  itself  upon 
his  attention,  and  having  been  convinced  that  it 
was  his  duty  to  do  so.  he  preached  his  first  sermon 
at  the  house  of  Mrs.  Lowrie,  where,  upon  this,  the 
first  occasion,  Ilev.  11.  B.  Seniple  also  preached. 
From  the  very  beginning  Mr.  Broadus  was  popular 
as  a  preacher.  lit;  was  ordained  Oct.  10.  17'.M,in 
the  church  in  which  he  was  bapti/.ed.  Among  tht 
first  churches  he  served  were  Burrus's  and  Bethel, 
in  the  county  of  Carolina,  and  also  the  church  in 
Fredericksburg.  While  supplying  these  churches 
he  also  taught  a  school,  and  applied  himself  closely 
to  study.  Subsequently  he  became  pastor  of  Upper 
/ion,  Beulah,  Mangohic,  Salem,  and  Upper  King 
and  Queen,  with  the  last  two  of  which  he  con 
tinued  to  labor  until  the  close  of  his  life.  Although 
Mr.  Broadus  was  known  but  to  few  personally  be 
yond  the  limits  of  his  own  State,  yet.  when  in  the 
prime  of  life,  he  received  invitations  to  become  the 
pastor  of  numerous  churches  in  distant  cities  :  from 
the  First  church  in  Boston,  in  1811  ;  from  the  First 
church  in  Philadelphia,  in  1811:  from  the  First 
church  in  Baltimore,  in  IS]1,);  from  the  Xe\v 
Market  Street  church.  Philadelphia,  in  lsl(..):  from 
the  Sansom  Street  church,  Philadelphia,  in  1824; 
and  from  the  First  church,  New  York,  in  1832. 
An  ineradicable  constitutional  timidity,  which 
sometimes  made  him  almost  powerless  in  speech 
when  in  the  presence  of  strangers,  and  a  deeply- 
rooted  attachment  to  old  friends  and  old  scenes, 
prevented  his  acceptance  of  all  such  tempting 
offers.  He  made  the  trial  once  in  removing  to 
Richmond  to  take  charge  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  that  city,  but  his  stay  there  was  short, 
and  he  soon  returned  to  labor  again  with  his  coun 
try  congregations.  As  a  preacher.  Mr.  Broadus 
was  the  foremost  man  of  his  generation.  "  In 
clearness  of  conception,  beauty  of  imagery,  apt 
ness  of  illustration,  and  tenderness  of  soul  he  was 
pre-eminent.  With  a  well-proportioned  form,  grace 
ful  manner,  natural  gesticulation,  benignant  coun 
tenance,  and  musical  voice,  he  held,  as  by  a  pleasing 
spell,  his  enraptured  hearers.  All  hung  upon  his 
lips,  unwilling  to  lose  a  word,  while  with  softly 
insinuating  power  he  found  access  to  the  innermost 
depths  of  the  soul,  causing  all  its  fountains  of 
emotions  to  gush  forth."  His  chief  excellence 
consisted  in  the  exposition  of  the  Scriptures,  and 
especially  those  passages  suited  to  edify  and  com 
fort  the  people  of  God.  Contrary  to  what  many 
suppose  to  have  been  the  case,  his  most  effective 
sermons  were  not  preached  on  great  occasions. 
His  love  of  quiet,  and  inveterate  dislike  of  large 
and  promiscuous  assemblies,  generally  kept  him 
away  from  Associations  and  conventions:  and  when 
present  and  persuaded  to  preach,  there  was  no  cer 
tainty  that  he  would  be  able  to  fulfill  his  appoint 
ment.  It  is  recorded  of  him  that  having  been 


BROADUS 


139 


BROAD  U 


appointed   to   preach   at  a   meeting   of  the   Dover 
Association  in  Matthews  Co.,  Va.,  he  went  through 
the    preliminary   services    in    his    usual    felicitous 
manner,  and  when  the  large  audience  had   settled 
themselves  to  enjoy  a  spiritual   feast,  he  came  to 
a  sudden  pause  and  said.  "  The  circumstances  of 
the  case — /  mean  my  case — make  it   necessary  to 
excuse   myself  from   proceeding   with   the   discus 
sion.''     His   biographer  adds,   "  The  thought  had 
probably  seized  him  that  the  expectations  of  the 
people  could  not  be  met ;  or  he  had  recognized  in 
the    congregation    some    one    whose    criticism    lie 
dreaded  ;   or  the  wind  and   roar  of  the  ocean   had 
disturbed  his  nervous  system  ;  whatever   it  was   a 
serious  surprise  and  regret  were  felt  by  all.''     This 
painful    dread    oi'   a    crowd    was,    however,    in    a 
measure   overcome   towards   the   latter  part  of  his 
life.     Mr.  Broadus' s  literary   labors   were  also  of 
a  high  order,     lie  wrote  a  small   volume,  of  some 
70  pages,  entitled  '•  The  Age  of  Reason  and  Reve 
lation,''  which   was  a  reply  to   Paine's   celebrated 
attack  on  Christianity.     This  little  work  was  pub 
lished  in  17(J5,  while  lie  was  still  quite  young,  and 
gives  evidence  of  a  well-stored  mind  and  vigorous 
logical   powers.     In  1X16   he  published   "  A   Bible 
History,   with   Occasional   Notes,   to   Explain   and 
Illustrate  Difficult  Passages."     These  '•  notes"  are. 
indeed,  valuable  for  the  clear  and  satisfactory  views 
they  open  up  of  many  of  the  dark  passages  of  the 
Word  of  God.     The    Dover   Association  requested 
him,    at  one  of  their  sessions,   to  prepare  a  com 
mentary   up  in   the   Scriptures,  which,  however,  he 
did    not    undertake.     He    prepared    an    admirable 
little  "Catechism  for  Children,"  which  was  issued 
by  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society.     He 
aNo  prepared  a  manual  of  church  polity  and  disci-  j 
pline.      He   did    much    for   the   hymnology    of  the 
churches.      As  early  as  1790  he  prepared  and  pub 
lished  a  collection   of  "  Sacred   Ballads,"   most  of 
which  were  in  popular   use  at  that  time.     About 
1X2X  he  prepared  the  "  Dover  Selection,"  and  after 
wards  the  ''Virginia  Selection,"  several  of  whose 
hymns  were  of  his  own  composition,  and  all  of  which 
were  very  extensively  used  by  the  churches.     Only 
a  few  of  Mr.  Broadus's  sermons   have;   been   pub 
lished,  for,  although  he  prepared  his  sermons  with 
the  greatest  care,  making   more   or  less  extended 
notes,   he    rarely   wrote    out   his   discourses.     Mr. 
Broadus   was  also   a  frequent  contributor   to   the 
Religious  H<T«/</,  for  which   he  wrote  a  valuable 
series   of  essays   on   Campbellism   and   its   errors. 
The  Columbian  College   conferred   the  degree  of 
D.I),    upon   Mr.  Broadus,    but   he   respectfully  de 
clined  to  accept  the  honor. 

"The  Baptists  of  Virginia  will  long  cherish  the 
fond  memory  of  the  excellence  of  his  character, 
the  superior  mental  and  oratorical  powers  with 
which  he  was  endowed,  and  the  genial,  useful  in 


fluence    he    exercised    on    the    churches    and    the 
world." 

Broadus,  John  Albert,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor 
of  Homiletics  and  Interpretation  of  the  New  Tes- 


JOHN     AI.HF.RT    }:UO\I>rs,    TXTX,    LL.D. 

tament  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Sem 
inary,  was  born  in  Culpeper  Co.,  Va..  Jan.  24, 
1X27.  His  family  is  of  Welsh  extraction,  and  tho 
name  was  formerly  spelt  Broadhurst.  His  father 
was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Virginia  Legis 
lature  a  number  of  years.  Dr.  Broadus  was  edu 
cated  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  where  he  took 
the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1X;">0.  In  lS."il  he  was 
elected  Assistant  Professor  of  Latin  and  Greek  in 
that  institution,  and  filled  the  place  two  years.  He 
was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Charlottesville 
during  the  same  period  and  till  1X5;").  when  he  was 
elected  chaplain  of  the  university,  and  served  two 
years.  He  then  returned  to  his  former  pastorate. 
In  1S59  he  was  elected  to  his  present  professorship. 
In  1X63  he  preached  as  missionary  in  Gen.  R.  E. 
Lee's  army.  From  this  period  till  18C>5  he  was 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  Sunday-School  board 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention.  During  this 
period  he  published  various  small  works,  which 
were  circulated  in  such  of  the  Southern  States  as 
were  accessible  at  that  time.  In  1X70  he  published 
a  book  on  the  "  Preparation  and  Delivery  of  Ser 
mons,"  which  was  republished  in  England,  and 
has  been  adopted  as  a  text-book  in  various  theolog 
ical  seminaries  of  different  denominations  in  Europe 
and  America.  Besides  various  review  articles, 
sermons,  and  numberless  newspaper  articles,  he 
published  in  1867-69,  in  the  Religious  Herald,  of 


1UIOCK 


140 


HliOCKKTT 


Richmond,  Yn.,  a  series  of  papers  criticising  the 
American  Bible  Union's  ver.-iou  (('the  New  Testa 
ment,  and  in  1872-73  another  series  entitled  ''lie- 
flections  of  Travel,"  in  which  he  gave  an  account 
of  a  tour  he  made  through  Europe,  Egypt,  and 
Palestine  in  1S70-71.  I"  l8~0  he  |iiil)lishcd  a 
series  of  leetures  on  the  history  of  preaching.  I*r. 
Bmadiis  ranks  with  the  ablest  preachers  of  his 
generation. 
Brock,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  Feb.  14.  ISHT, 

at  lloniton.  in  Devonshire,  England.  On  his 
lather's  side  he  was  descended  from  certain  Pinch 
refugees  of  the  same  name  who  had  settled  in  the  ! 
neighborhood  some  time  in  the  sixteenth  century. 
"William  Brock  was  only  four  years  old  when  his 
lather  died.  As  the  only  free  scholar  in  'he  en 
dowed  grammar  school  of  the  town  he  had  a  rough 
schooling,  and  but  for  the  native  vigor  of  body  and 
mind  the  hardships  of  this  early  period  of  his  life 
would  have  crushed  him.  He  was  apprenticed  at 
the  age  of  thirteen  to  a  watchmaker  at  Sidmonth. 
and  served  an  apprenticeship  of  seven  years.  He 
obtained  a  situation  in  Hertford,  and  during  a  two 
years'  residence  there  he  professed  Christ  in  bap 
tism,  and  began  to  exhort  sinners  to  repent  and 
believe  the  gospel.  lie  was  admitted  a  member  of 
the  Baptist,  church  at  Highirate.  London,  of  which 
his  kinsman,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lewis,  was  pastor,  on 
Jan.  10.  1S30.  and  in  the  following  month,  having 
<riven  satisfactory  proof's  of  a  divine  call  to  become 
a  preacher  of  the  Word,  he  was  recommended  to 
the  committee  of  Stepney  College  as  a  student  for 
the  ministry.  His  energy  and  diligence  in  study 
were  conspicuous,  but  his  oratorical  powers  were 
so  evident  and  exceptional  that  his  services  were 
too  frequently  in  request  to  permit  of  his  giving 
undivided  attention  to  his  studies.  Before  the  sec 
ond  year  of  his  college  course  was  ended  he  had 
received  more  than  one  invitation  to  the  pastorate, 
and  in  the  course  of  the  third  year  the  pressure 
from  two  different  churches  became  so  strong  that 
the  college  authorities  finally  agreed  to  release  him 
from  the  remainder  of  the  four  years'  course  of 
study.  lie  had  by  this  time  been  led  to  accept  the 
invitation  of  the  church  meeting  in  St.  Mary's 
chapel,  in  the  old  city  of  Norwich.  I>r.  Brock 
began  his  ministry  in  Norwich,  May  10,  18)53.  The 
congregation  were  soon  increased  by  the  attraction 
of  the  pulpit.  The  young  pastor  of  twenty-five 
years  of  age  threw  his  whole  soul  into  his  work  and 
gave  full  proof  of  his  ministry.  Enlargements  of 
the  edilice  took  place  again  and  again.  But  in 
1848  his  friend,  Sir  Morton  1'eto,  proposed  that 
Mr.  Brock  should  become  the  minister  of  the  new 
church  to  be  gathered  in  the  edifice  he  was  then 
building  in  London,  to  be  called  Bloomsbury  chapel. 
After  long  and  anxious  deliberation  the  Norwich 
church  received  their  pastor's  resignation,  and  in 


December  he  commenced  his  London  ministry.  It 
was  a  i^reat  venture,  but  it  was  a  great  success 
from  the  first.  The  munificent  liberality  of  the 
builder  of  the  edilice  and  the  courageous  ability  of 
the  mini>ter  were  well  matched.  A  crowded  con 
gregation  was  immediately  gathered  :  conversions 
and  accessions  from  various  quarters  continually 
augmented  the  membership  :  and  the  whole  neigh 
borhood  felt  the  influence  of  the  new  church,  which 
poured  forth  help  for  all  manner  of  benevolent,  and 
educational  work.  Bloomsbury  chapel  became  the 
centre  of  a  Christian  evangelization  and  philan 
thropy  the  like  of  which  could  not  then  be  easily 
found  in  London.  But  notwithstanding  the  cost 
of  these  home  enterprises,  foreign  missions  and 
all  good  works  received  effective  support.  During 
the  twenty-live  years  of  Dr.  Brock's  ministry  at 
Bloomsbury,  as  previously  in  Norwich,  he  took  a 
prominent  part,  in  the  religious  movements  o(  the 
time,  and  contributed  to  establish  some  of  the 
modes  of  evangelism  now  common,  such  as  special 
services  in  theatres  and  public  halls.  In  denomi 
national  work  he  was  a  trusted  counselor  and 
leader.  When  the  London  Baptist  Association  was 
reorganized,  in  1800.  he  was  unanimously  chosen 
president:  and  in  18C>(.)  he  was  cordially  invited  to 
the  chair  of  the  Baptist  Union  of  England  and 
Wales.  His  services  to  the  Missionary  Society  were 
exceedingly  valuable,  and  he  ever  held  himself 
ready  to  obey  its  call.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  Society  for  augmenting  Pastors'  Incomes, 
promoting  it  himself  with  y.ealous  liberality,  and 
in  the  recent  movement  towards  a  compacter  or 
ganization  of  the  denomination  his  influence  was 
very  effective.  His  literary  labors  were  consider 
able  for  a  man  so  full  of  public  work.  His  biog 
raphy  of  Gen.  Sir  Henry  Ilavelock  had  a  very  ex 
tensive  sale,  and  some  of  his  occasional  sermons 
and  lectures  on  denominational  and  general  topics 
have  a  permanent  interest  and  value.  lie  received 
the  degree  of  P.P.  from  Harvard  University,  and 
although  he  was  reluctant  to  assume  it.  his  friends 
and  the  public,  carried  the  point  against  him. 
Finding  his  strength  failing,  he  resigned  his  charge 
in  1872.  and  thenceforward  gave  himself  to  the 
service  of  the  churches.  With  commendable  liber 
ality  the  church  at  Bloomsbury  made  provision  for 
his  remaining  days,  but  they  were  destined  to  be 
few.  His  death  occurred  somewhat  suddenly  on 
Nov.  13,  1875. 

Brockett,  Linus  Pierpont,  A.M.,  M.D.,  a  son 

of  Rev.  Pierpont  Brockett,  for  fifty  years  a  Baptist 
minister  in  New  England,  was  born  in  Canton, 
Conn..  Oct.  10.  1820:  fitted  for  college  at  Hill's 
Academy,  Essex,  Conn.,  and  Connecticut  Literary 
Institution,  Suffield,  Conn.  ;  entered  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  1837,  but  owing  to  ill  health  did  not 
graduate  ;  attended  medical  lectures  at  New  Haven, 


BRONSON 


ff  RONS  ON 


Conn.,  Washington,   D.  C.,   and   New   York   City; 
graduated    M.D.   in    1843;   practiced    medicine    in 
\e\v    England    and    in     Georgetown,    Ky.      Since 
1840  he  has  devoted  most  of  his  time  to  literarv 
pui-Miits.     lie    received     the    honorary    decree  of 
A.M.    from    Amherst    College    in    1857.      He    has 
published   "Geographical   History  of  New  York," 
1S47  ;  •'  Memoir  of  James  Edward  Moystre,"  1*55  ; 
"  The    Pioneer    Preacher,"   1857  ;•   several   reports 
and  essays  on  idiot  education,  1855-57;   "History 
of  Education,"  1859;  "  History  of  the  Civil  War,'' 
1*1)5;   "Life  of  Abraham    Lincoln,"    1805;   "Our 
Great  Captains,"  1865;  "Philanthropic  Results  of 
the  War,"  1805;   "Camp,  Battle-Field,  and  Hospi 
tal."   1800;   "Woman's  Work  in   the  Civil  War," 
1807;   "Men   of  Our    Day."  1808.  and   a  new  and 
enlarged   edition  in    1872:    "Woman,   her  Rights, 
Wrongs,   Privileges,  and   Responsibilities,"    1809; 
"The   Year  of  Battles,  a   History  of  the   Franco- 
German    War."  1871.  and   German   edition,  1872; 
"The   Silk    Industry   in    America,"    1870;    "The 
Cross  and  the  Crescent,''  1877,  etc.     He  has  also 
edited    numerous  religious    works,  and    was,  from 
1850   to    1802.  on  the   editorial   staff  of  the   New 
American    Cyclopaedia,    and    from    1801    to    1875, 
one    of    the    editors    of    the    Annual    Cyclopaedia, 
and  from  1872  to  1877.  one  of  the  editors  of  John 
son's   Universal  Cyclopaedia.      He  has  also  been  a 
frequent  contributor  to  religious  quarterlies,  maga- 
/ines.  and   weekly   periodicals,      lie  is    the   author 
of    "The    Bogomils,"    the    early    Bapti>ts    of   the 
East,  who   form,  as    he   believes,  the   missing  link 
between  the  Baptists  of  the  fifth   and  those  of  the 
fourteenth   and    fifteenth   centuries,  and   has  other 
religious  works  in  the  course  of  preparation.      His 
residence  is  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Bronson,  Rev.  Asa  Clarke,  son  of  Rev.  Asa 

and  Marinda  (Jennings)  Bronson,  was  born  in 
Stratfield,  Conn.,  Aug.  7.  1822;  united  with  First 
Baptist  church  in  Fall  River,  Mass.,  in  1X35  ;  li 
censed  to  preach  in  1848  by  Wakefield  church, 
R.  I.  :  ordained,  December,  184'.).  in  South  Han 
son,  Mass.,  his  father  and  brothers,  S.  J.  and  B.  F. 
Bronson.  assisting;  prospered  in  his  settlement  ;  in 
May,  1851.  settled  with  North  Reading  church,  and 
had  an  extensive;  revival  ;  in  December.  1854.  be 
came  pastor  at  Leominster  ;  in  June,  1857,  took 
charge  of  Third  Baptist  church  in  Groton,  Conn., 
and  remained  twelve  years,  greatly  prospered  in 
revival*,  and  in  uniting  Second  and  Third  churches, 
even  joining  together  the  meeting-houses;  became 
pastor  of  Wallingford  church  in  January,  1870, 
erected  a  superb  edifice,  and  baptized  80  persons  ;  in 
July,  1870,  settled  in  Paterson,  N*.  J..  and  remained 
three  and  a  half  years  ;  in  November,  1879,  took 
the  oven-sight  of  churches  in  Lebanon,  Conn.  Calm, 
wise,  energetic,  prudent,  persevering;  sound  in  the 
faith  like  his  honored  father. 


Bronson,  Benjamin  Franklin,  D.D.,  son  of 

Rev.  Asa  and  Marinda  (Jennings)  Bronson,  was 
born  in  North  Salem,  N.  Y.,  April  21.  1821  ;  con 
verted  and  baptized  in  Fall  River,  Mass.,  in  1830; 
graduated  from  Madison  University  in  1844.  and 
Theological  Department  in  1840:  ordained  in  Ash 
land,  Mass.,  1840;  pastor  in  Methnen.  1850;  in 
Woburn,  185S;  h,  Boston  Highlands  (Ruggles 
Street  church),  1802;  in  Southbridge,  1807;  in 
Putnam,  Conn.,  1872,  where  he  is  still  laboring 
(1880)  ;  has  been  much  engaged  in  directing  com 
mon  and  high  schools;  was  one  of  the  editors  of 
"  First  Half  Century  of  Madison  University"  :  for 
several  years  secretary  of  "  Freedman's  Aid  Ciun- 
mission"  ;  for  two  years  secretary  of  Massachusetts 
Baptist  Convention  ;  received  degree  of  D.I),  from 
Madison  University  in  1809. 

Bronson,    Miles,    D.D.,   was   born   in   Norway, 
N.  Y.,  July  20,  1812:   having  passed  through   the 
course  of  study  at  the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theo 
logical   Institution,  he  was  ordained  at  Whitesbor- 
ough,   N.  Y.,  and   received    his   appointment  as   a 
missionary  April  29,  1830.      He  sailed  for  the  field 
of  his   labor  the   October   following,    and   reached 
Sadiya,  Assam,  July  17,  1837,  where  he  remained 
until   his  removal   to  Jaipur,   May    13.  1838.      His 
interest  having  become  awakened  in  the  Nagas,  a 
tribe  of  people  occupying  the  high  ranges  of  moun 
tains  southeast  of  Jaipur,  he  visited  some  of  them 
|  in  January,  1839.  and   in    1840  repeated  his  visit, 
In  March   of  this  year  a    station  was  established 
among  the  Naga  Hills,  which  was  placed  under  his 
charge  for  a  short  time,  when  it  was  deemed  de 
sirable  that  he  should  remove  to  Nowgong.      Dr. 
Bronson   occupied    this  position  for  several   years, 
one    of   the    most   important   works    accomplished 
being   the  founding  and   supervision   of  the  Now 
gong    Orphan    Institution,   of   which    a    fuller   ac 
count  may  be  found  in  the  article  on  Assam.      In 
1849,  Mr.  Bronson   returned  to  the  United   States, 
and  remained  here  for  more  than  a  year,  reaching 
his  field  of  labor  early  in    1851.      He  continued  to 
look  after  the  interests  of  the  Orphan  Institution, 
and,  in  his  missionary  tour,  to  care  for  the  spiritual 
interests  of  the  natives.      His  labors  were  owned 
and  blest  of  God.     In  the  fall  of  1857  he  once  more 
visited  his  native  land,  and  earnestly  appealed   to 
his  brethren   to  cultivate  more  thoroughly  the  mis 
sionary  spirit,  and  give  the  men   and   the  means  to 
carry  on    the    work    abroad.     Returning   again   to 
Assam  in   1800,  Dr.  Bronson  resumed   his  work  at 
Nowgong,  and  carried  it  on   for  some  nine  years, 
when  he  made  another  short  visit  to  this  country. 
In  July,  1874,  he  removed  to  Gowahati  to  take  the 
charge  of  that  important  station.     Although  suffer 
ing  from  poor  health   for   the   past  few  years,   he 
has  been  able   to  accomplish   much  in   his  station. 
Forty-one  years  of  his  life  have  been  devoted  to  the 


cause  of  his  Muster  and   Lori  us  a  missionary  of 
the  cross. 
Bronson,  Rev.  Samuel  Jennings,  son  of  Rev. 

Asa  Bronson,  was  born  in  Danhury,  Conn.,  in  ISl'J  ; 
converted  at  the  age  of  ten  ;  baptized  in  Fall  River. 
Mass.,  at  eighteen:  graduated  from  .Madison  I'ni- 
versitv  in  1S44,  and  Theological  Department,  in 
1846:  ordained  in  Millbury,  .Mass.,  Dec.  Hi,  1846  : 
in  1854  settled  at  Hyannis,  Mass.,  and  remained 
thirteen  years;  in  iSfiT  settled  in  Winchester, 
Mass.;  in  1S70  returned  to  Millbury;  through 
failure  of  health,  resigned  and  traveled;  in  1874 
settled  in  West  Woodstock,  Conn.;  died  in  West 
Woodstock,  Conn.,  Jan.  10,  KS7'.»,  and  was  buried 
at  Fall  River,  Mass.  A  thoughtful,  edifying, 
preacher:  says  his  classmate.  Dr.  Graves,  "  one 
of  the  best,  purest,  and  most  Denial  men.'' 

Brooks,  Rev.  Durin  Pinkney,  a  pioneer  Bap 
tist  and  preacher  of  Oregon,  was  born  Oct.  S,  lN.ll!. 
in  St.  -Joseph  Co.,  Mich.;  moved  to  Iowa  in  1838; 
thence  to  Oregon  in  1850.  Baptized  in  1853;  he 
was  for  years  an  active  layman  -.  and  in  1868  he- 
entered  the  ministry,  serving  the  I  lepner.  Meadows, 
and  Pleasant  Valley  churches;  he  assisted  in  or 
ganizing  all  these  bodies.  He  is  a  self-denying, 
devout,  and  earnest  preacher,  and  frequently  travels 
40  or  50  miles  to  preach  to  the  scattered  members 
of  these  feeble  churches  in  Oregon. 

Brooks,  Rev.  Ivison  L.,  was  born  in  North 
Carolina,  Nov.  2,  17(J3.  lie  graduated  with  dis 
tinction  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina.  Here 
he  was  contemporary  with  Thos.  II.  Benton  and 
Jas.  K.  Polk.  With  the  latter  he  kept  up  a  cor 
respondence  during  life.  lie  was  a  lieutenant  in 
the  war  of  1812.  He  was  baptized  after  retiring 
from  the  army,  and  at  once  began  to  preach.  His 
first  pastorate  was  in  Georgetown,  S.  <J. 

He  finally  settled  in  Edgefield  Co.,  S.  C.  He 
devoted  himself  to  preaching  to  several  country 
churches  and  to  the  instruction  of  his  .servants. 
Rev.  J.  C.  Butler,  one  of  our  most  useful  and 
respected  colored  ministers,  gratefully  remembers 
the  instructions  of  his  former  master. 

lie  ceased  from  his  labors  on  the  14th  of  March, 
1865,  at  the  age  of  seventy-two. 

Brooks,  Kendall,  D.D.,  son  of  Deacon  Kendall 
Brooks.  wa.s  born  in  Roxbury  (now  Boston),  Mass., 
Sept.  3,  1821.  He  became  a  member,  by  baptism, 
of  the  Dudley  Street  church,  Aug.  28,  1836. 
Having  fitted  for  college  at  the  public  Latin  school 
of  Roxbury,  he  entered  Brown  University  in  1837, 
and  graduated  in  1841.  For  the  next  two  years 
lie  was  tutor  in  the  Columbian  College.  D.  C.,  and 
during  most  of  that  time  preached  to  the  E  Street 
church,  Washington.  He  finished  the  prescribed 
course  of  study  in  the  Newton  Theological  Insti 
tution  in  1845,  and  having  previously  accepted  a 
call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  East- 


port.  Me.,  was  ordained  in  Roxbury,  Aug.  31,  1845. 
He  remained  in  the  pastoral  work  in  Eastport  seven 
years,  and  after  a  few  months  of  service  as  asso 
ciate  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 


KKNDAI.I,     HUOOKS.    !>.]>. 

Society,  he  became  Professor  uf  Mathematics  and 
Natural  Philosophy  in  Waterville  College.  I  luring 
his  three  years  of  service  in  Waterville  he  was 
stated  supply  for  the  church  in  Bloomfield.  lu 
October,  1855,  he  became  pastor  in  Fitchbtirg. 
Mass.,  where  he  remained  till  May.  1865.  In  both 
Eastport  and  Fitchburg  he  was  officially  connected 
with  the  public  schools,  holding  the  office  of  mem 
ber  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  State  of 
Maine  for  two  terms.  From  May,  1865,  till  Octo 
ber.  1868.  he  was  editor  of  the  Xutional  linplixt. 
Oct.  1.  1868.  he  became  president  of  Kalamazoo 
College,  and  still  holds  that  office. 

In  I860  Brown  University  made  him  a  Doctor 
of  Divinity.  From  1877  to  1879  lie  was  president 
of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  of  Michigan, 
having  previously  served  the  Convention  as  treas 
urer  seven  years.  In  1852,  President  M.  B.  An 
derson,  then  editor  of  the  New  York  1'ci-nrder,  said 
of  him,  ''No  man  among  us  is  better  acquainted 
with  Baptist  history  and  statistics  in  the  United 
States." 

Brooks,  Samuel,  D.D.,  son  of  Deacon  Kendall 
Brooks,  was  born  in  Roxbury  (now  Boston).  Aug. 
30,  1831.  Having  fitted  for  college  at  the  Roxbury 
Latin  school,  he  graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
the  class  of  1852.  He  had  received  baptism  at  the 
hands  of  Rev.  Dr.  T.  D.  Anderson  during  his 
Sophomore  year.  The  first  year  after  graduating 


BROOKS 


143 


BROTHERTON 


he  spent  as  assistant  in  the  college  library,  and 
subsequently  one  year  as  instructor  in  Greek.  He 
finished  the  course  of  theological  study  at  Newton 
in  1857,  and  immediately  became  pastor  of  the 
Second  church  in  Beverly,  Mass.,  being  ordained 
Oct.  22,  1S5T.  In  September,  I860,  he  was  ap 
pointed  for  one  year  instructor  in  Hebrew  in  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution.  After  the  expi 
ration  of  the  year  he  was  acting  pastor  of  the 
church  in  South  Framingham,  Mass.,  for  three 
years.  But  his  health,  which  had  been  seriously 
impaired  while  he  was  a  student,  compelled  him 
to  take  a  protracted  rest  from  pastoral  work.  It 
was  not  till  the  autumn  of  1800  that  he  was  well 
enough  to  resume  his  duties,  and  then  he  took 
charge  of  the  church  in  West  Medway,  Mass. 
Three  years  later  he  was  chosen  Professor  of  Latin 
in  Kalamazoo  College,  and  he  began  the  work  of 
that  oflice  on  the  1st  of  January,  1870.  This 
chair  he  still  fills  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  every 
one  connected  with  the  college.  In  his  method  of 
work  he  is  quiet  and  persistent.  His  influence  is 
greatest  in  his  own  field  of  labor  and  in  the  church 
to  which  he  belongs. 

Brooks,  Walter  R.,  D.D.,  was  born  Aug.  3, 
1821  ;  entered  the  class  of  1843.  Madison  Univer 
sity  :  ordained  at  Ashville,  Chatauqua  Co.,  N.  Y., 
July  5,  1842;  pastor  in  Media,  Perry,  and  Hamil 
ton;  in  this  la^t  place  for  fifteen  years.  Here  his 
ministry  was  greatly  blessed.  Large  accessions 
were  made  to  the  church.  His  congregations  were 
composed  not  only  of  residents  of  the  village, 
but  also  of  the  professors  and  students  of  the  uni 
versity  and  other  educational  institutions  in  the 
place-,  to  all  of  whom  he  endeared  himself  by  his 
faithful  and  sympathetic  presentation  of  gospel 
truths. 

In  185!)  was  made  secretary  of  the  Education 
Board  of  New  York  ;  in  1803  received  the  degree  of 
D.I),  from  Madison  University;  in  1868  visited 
Europe,  Egypt,  and  Palestine  with  his  family;  in 
1875  appointed  Lecturer  in  Natural  History  in 
Madison,  which  position  he  still  retains. 

Brooks,  W.  T.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Chatham 
Co.,  N.  C.,  Dec.  (i,  180'J  ;  professed  faith  in  Christ 
in  1832;  was  ordained  at  the  session  of  the  Con 
vention  held  with  Rives  chapel  church  in  1836,  Dr. 
Wait  and  Rev.  Thomas  Crocker  constituting  the 
Presbytery  ;  graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1839,  and  for  many  years  was  tutor  and  professor 
in  that  institution.  Dr.  Brooks  was  pastor  of 
Mount  Vernon  Baptist  church  for  thirty-two  years  ; 
of  the  Henderson  church  for  twenty  years  :  and 
has  served  churches  at  Forestville,  Selma,  Bross- 
fields,  and  other  points.  For  many  years  Dr.  Brooks 
was  chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Wake 
Forest  College,  and  presided  over  the  State  Con 
vention  during  several  sessions.  He  was  honored 


with  the  title  of  D.D.  by  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1874. 

Broome,  Gov.  J.  E.,  was  elected  governor  of 
the  State  of  Florida,  and  served  one  term.  Prior 
to  his  being  elected  governor  he  resided  at  Fernan- 
dina,  and  was  an  active  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  there,  and  one  of  its  most  liberal  support 
ers.  He  was  also  one  of  its  deacons. 

(iov.  Broome  is  a  native  of  South  Carolina,  and 
for  a  few  years  past  has  lived  in  the  State  of  New 
Yrork.  lie  is  now  about  seventy-two  years  old.  and 
vigorous  for  one  of  his  years.  The  first  effort  to 
organize  a  Baptist  church  and  build  a  house  of 
worship  at  Tallahassee,  the  capital,  was  during  the 
administration  of  Mr.  Broome  as  governor. 

.He  is  prepossessing  in  appearance  and  dignified 
in  bearing.  Though  a  man  of  decided  convictions 
and  fixed  principles,  for  which  he  would  make  any 
sacrifice,  like  all  true  Baptists,  he  has  a  liberal 
spirit  towards  men  of  every  persuasion,  and  he 
gives  generously  to  benevolent  objects. 

Brotherton,  Hon.  Marshall,  was  born  in  Erie, 

Pa.,  Feb.  11.  1811.   and  was    brought    to   Missouri 


when  quite  young.  He  held  the  highest  offices  in 
the  city  of  St.  Louis,  and  in  the  county.  In  1845 
he  made  a  profession  of  religion;  afterwards  he 
united  with  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis. 
Mr.  Brotherton  was  a  man  of  benevolence,  integ 
rity,  and  modesty,  "  his  heart  was  an  asylum  for 
the  sorrowing,  his  purse  a  treasury  for  the  needy," 
and  the  man  and  all  he  possessed,  a  sacrifice  for 
Christ.  His  reputation  never  bore  a  stain,  he  en 
joyed  unusual  popularity,  and  he  deserved  the  love 


JUtOUNER 


144 


of  his  follow-citi'/.ons,  and  especially  of  tlio  friends 
of  Christ.      Ho  died  in  IS71. 

Brouner,  Rev.  Jacob  H.,  was  horn  in  the  city 
of  Xe\v  York,  Jan.  1.  IT'.M.  In  tlio  fifieenth  year 
of  liis  ago  lie  was  bapti/.ed  into  tlie  fellowship  of 
the  First  Baptist  ehmvh  hv  tlio  pastor,  Rev.  Wil- 
liain  Parkinson.  If  was  evident  to  the  nieinhers 
of  the  church  that  the  hid  possessed  promising 
<j;ifts  for  the  work  of  the  ministry.  He  received 
from  the  church,  while  vet  quite  young,  an  in 
formal  license  to  preach.  lie  labored  with  his 
friend.  Rev.  C.  (>.  Sommers,  for  some  time  as  a 
missionary  among  the  destitute.  lie  was  ordained 
in  the  Tabernacle  church  by  Rev.  Archibald 
Mac-lay,  D.I).,  and  others,  in  1X1:2.  His  first  pas 
torate  was  at  Sing  Sing.  X.  Y.,  which  lasted  four 
teen  years.  In  1S2X  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of 
the  North  Baptist  church,  Xew  York,  which  ter 
minated  only  with  his  death,  after  twenty  years  of 
successful  labor.  During  the  time  a  commodious 
house  of  worship  was  built,  and  330  converts  were: 
baptized.  His  son  for  the  last  twelve  years  has 
filled  the  same  post  with  marked  success. 

Brouner,  Rev.  John  J.,  is  a  son  of  the  well- 
known  Jacob  II.  Brouner.  so  long  the  pastor  of  the 
North  Baptist  church  of  New  York.  He  was  born 
in  Xew  York.  Sept.  '2.  1X3'.).  He  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  John  Quincy  Adams,  educated  at  Madison 
, University,  and  in  1X64  was  ordained  in  the  old 
North  church,  and  settled  as  pastor  of  Mariner's 
Harbor  church,  on  Staten  Island.  During  his  stay 
of  four  years  the  church  was  greatly  enlarged  and 
strengthened.  Tn  IXfi'J  he  was  called  to  his  father's 
old  field. — the  North  church. — and  he  has  suc 
ceeded  so  well  that  the  church  has  resolved  to 
build  a  more  commodious  house  of  worship  in  a 
very  desirable  location  on  West  Kleventh  street. 

Brown,  Rev.  E.  T.,  was  born  March  22,  ISIS. 
in  Lancaster.  Pa.  His  father  died  when  he  was 
young.  He  was  apprenticed  at  an  early  age  in 
Grocnsburg,  Pa.  ;  there  he  was  converted,  and 
joined  the  only  church  in  the  place,  the  Methodist, 
but  he  would  not  be  immersed  by  one  who  had  not 
been  himself  immersed.  He  was  baptized  by  a 
Baptist  minister.  Brother  Brown  joined  a  Baptist 
church  in  Virginia.  He  soon  after  entered  Recton 
College,  and  studied  till  ill  health  compelled  him 
to  cease.  While  at  this  school  he  was  licensed  to 
preach,  and  in  1X42  he  was  ordained.  Brother 
Brown  was  pastor  at  Mount  Yernon,  "Woostor.  and 
Warren,  ().  Hundreds  wen;  baptized  by  him  in 
these  places.  lie  was  appointed  chaplain  in  1S(')3 
in  the  2d  Ohio  Cavalry.  After  the  war  he  moved 
to  Sedalia.  Mo.,  and  was  a  missionary  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society.  He  built  a  good  house  of  worship 
in  Sedalia,  and  one  of  the  best  west  of  the  Missis 
sippi  River  in  Clinton.  Mo.,  and  another  substan 
tial  edifice  for  railroad  men  in  Sedalia.  and  when 


ho  had  installed  a  pastor  over  the  last  church  of 
his  care  in  Sedalia  he  fell  dead  with  paralysis, 
June  '.),  1X71). 

The  memory  of  Mr.  Brown  is  precious  to  larire 
numbers,  and  his  works  will  bless  him  for  genera 
tions. 

Brown,  Rev.  Esek,  was  born  in  Warren.  11.  I., 
Sept.  17.  17X7;  baptized  bv  Rev.  Ebenezer  Burt  in 
llardwick,  Mass.,  in  IXlJ'Jj  licensed  by  the  Baptist 
church  in  Sntton,  Mass.,  Feb.  20.  1X14;  ordained 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Dudley,  Mass..  June  15, 
1X15;  commenced  his  labors  in  Lebanon,  Conn., 
Sept.  13.  IXlX;  here  remained  till  his  death; 
preached  with  power  before  the  Connecticut  .Bap 
tist  State  Convention  in  1X27  :  often  preached  with 
acceptance  before  Associations  ;  was  a  man  of  re 
markable  readiness  ;  modest  in  deportment,  untir 
ing  in  zeal,  "devoted  to  the  salvation  of  the  world, 
few  ministers  have  gone  down  to  the  grave  carry 
ing  with  them  a  greater  amount  of  the;  unalloyed 
affections  of  a  bereaved  people  :''  died  at  Lebanon, 
after  a  pastoral*;  of  fifteen  years,  Sept.  II,  1X33. 

Brown,  Rev.  Freeman  Gr,,  was  born  in  Cam 
bridge,  Mass.,  January,  1X13,  and  graduated  at 
Columbian  College,  Washington,  I).  (\.  in  the  class 
of  1X35.  He  entered  Newton  Theological  Institu 
tion  one  year  afterwards,  and  graduated  in  1X3'J. 
lie  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Portsmouth.  N.  II.,  Feb.  5,  1X4(J,  and  remained 
there  for  three  years.  His  subsequent  pastorates 
were  at  North  Dorchester  and  West  Townsend, 
Mass.  He  was  the  agent  of  the  American  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society  from  1X53  to  1x5(5.  He  was 
pastor  in  Hamilton.  Canada  West,  from  iXl'tl  to 
]S(i3.  lie  now  resides  in  Cambridge,  having  no 
pastoral  charge. 

Brown,  Rev.  GustavUS,  a  colored  Baptist 
preacher,  was  born  in  Fauquier  Co..  Va..  in  1X15. 
In  1X28  he  was  brought  to  Kentucky.  Ho  experi 
enced  religion  in  1X32,  at  seventeen  years  of  age, 
and  was  baptized  in  Cheautau's  Pond.  St.  Louis,  by 
Elder  Jerry  Meaehum,  the  first  colored  pastor  in 
Missouri.  Brother  Brown  was  licensed  to  preach 
in  18 ','.!,  and  ordained  by  Rev.  J.  M.  Peck,  P.P., 
and  Dr.  S.  Lynd.  in  1X46.  lie  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  Nineteenth  Street  Baptist  church 
in  Washington.  D.  ('..  in  1X49;  labored  six  years 
in  that  church,  and  four  in  the  Second  church  of 
Washington.  Came  again  to  St.  Louis  in  1X5',), 
and  still  preaches  there ;  is  a  useful  and  good  man. 

Brown,  Rev.  Henry  A.,  was  born  in  Roek- 

ingham  Co.,  N.  C..  Sept.  2X,  1X46;  baptized  in 
June,  1X66;  graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1X71  :  was  ordained  at  Yancevville.  August,  1X71, 
the  Presbytery  consisting  of  Revs.  AV.  S.  Fontain, 
L.  G.  Mason,  F.  II.  Jones,  and  F.  M.  Judan.  Mr. 
Brown  has  served  the  church  in  Fayettevillo  for 
three  years,  and  has  been  the  pastor  of  the  Winston 


BROWN 


145 


Bit  OWN 


church  fur  nearly  three  years.     A  good  pastor  and 
preacher. 
Brown,   Rev.  Hugh  Stowell,  pastor  of  the 

Myrtle  Street  Baptist  church,  Liverpool,  England, 
is  the  son  of  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England, 
and  was  born  at  Douglas,  in  the  Jsle  of  Man,  on  Aug. 
10.  1S123.  When  about  seventeen  years  old  he  was 
placed  in  the  engine-works  of  the  Northwestern 
Railway  at  Wolverton,  and  remained  there  some 
three  years,  becoming  during  that  time  practically 
acquainted  with  the  manufacture  and  driving  of  lo 
comotives.  In  his  working  hours,  as  well  as  in  his 
leisure,  he  diligently  carried  on  his  studies  of  lan 
guages,  mathematics,  and  philosophy.  Returning 
home  when  about  twenty  years  of  age,  lie  entered 
King  William  College  as  a  student,  with  a  view  to  the 
ministry  of  the  Established  Church,  and  attracted 
favorable  notice  by  his  ardor  and  diligence.  At 
this  time  the  principles  involved  in  the  church 
and  state  controversy  deeply  exercised  his  mind, 
and  in  his  perplexity  he  hesitated  to  seek  ordina 
tion.  His  home  training  had  made  him  familiar 
with  religious  truth,  but  a  succession  of  severe 
family  bereavements,  including  the  death  of  his 
excellent  father,  had  a  powerful  and  chastening 
influence  upon  his  mind.  Ultimately  he  deter 
mined  to  join  the  Baptist  denomination,  and  he 
was  baptized  at  Stoney  Stratford,  near  Wolverton. 
by  the  llev.  E.  L.  Forster,  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  there,  with  whom  he  had  previously  be 
come  intimately  acquainted.  Very  soon  after  his 
baptism  he  accepted  an  engagement  in  town  mis 
sion  work  at  Liverpool,  and  whilst  in  this  service 
he  attracted  the  attention  of  the  Myrtle  Street 
church,  whose  venerable  pastor,  the  llev.  James 
Lister,  needed  an  assistant.  About  the  close  of 
1S47  he  received  an  invitation  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  church,  being  then  in  his  twenty-fifth  year. 
His  predecessor  was  a  man  of  much  ability  and 
strength  of  character,  and  had  ministered  to  the 
church  upwards  of  forty  years.  It  was.  therefore, 
no  easy  task  to  fill  his  place,  but  from  the  first 
Mr.  Brown's  ministry  was  successful.  In  1S47 
the  Myrtle  Street  church  reported  :>17  members  and 
5f)4  Sunday-school  scholars.  In  1X77  the  member 
ship  was  DO!),  the  Sunday-school  scholars  1850.  and 
there  were  seven  mission  stations  connected  with  the 
church.  Mr.  Brown's  Sunday  afternoon  lectures  to 
workingmen,  in  a  public  hall,  won  for  him  the  ears 
and  hearts  of  thousands.  In  this  field  he  has  the 
honor  of  leading  the  way.  Stirred  by  his  signal 
success,  many  other  ministers  in  different  parts  of 
the  country,  especially  in  the  large  cities,  gave 
themselves  to  the  work,  and  the  work  has  gone  on 
ever  since  with  gratifying  results.  These  lectures 
are  widely  known,  large  editions  of  them  having 
been  printed  in  England  and  America.  For  plain, 
downright  speech  on  prevalent  social  evils  and 


common  sins  Mr.  Brown  can  hardly  be  surpassed. 
On  the  lecture  platform,  as  well  as  in  the  pulpit,  he 
is  equally  popular,  and  in  both  spheres  of  effort  he 
has  rendered  most  valuable  public  services.  In 
Liverpool,  where  he  has  ministered  for  more  than 
thirty  years,  he  occupies  a  leading  position  among 
public  men.  By  the  Baptists  of  the  United  King 
dom  he  is  regarded  with  affectionate  esteem  as  a 
tower  of  strength,  lie  was  elected  to  the  chair  of 
the  Baptist  Union  in  1*7S  by  unanimous  consent, 
and  has  frequently  been  called  to  prominent  ser 
vice  in  the  interests  of  the  body.  As  a  preacher 
he  excels  in  exposition,  and  his  utterances  have  a 
singular  freshness  and  point,  with  an  unconvcn- 
tionality  of  phraseology  which  is  very  striking. 
The  Myrtle  Street  church  under  his  leadership  has 
done  much  for  the  promotion  of  denominational 
principles  in  Liverpool  and  the  neighborhood,  be 
sides  raising  large  sums  of  money  annually  for 
foreign  missions  and  other  evangelistic  enterprises. 
Mr.  Brown  visited  the  United  States  and  Canada 
in  1S72,  and  was  cordially  welcomed  everywhere. 
He  has  taken  a  lively  interest  in  the  recent  move 
ments  looking  towards  a  unification  of  the  churches 
in  denominational  work.  His  preaching  is  richly 
evangelical,  and  has  been  attended  with  marked 
spiritual  power. 

Brown,  James  F.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Scotch 

Plains,  N".  J..  July  4.  1SH).  lie  graduated  from 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1S41.  and 
studied  theology  with  llev.  Dr.  Dagir.  He  was 
ordained  pastor  of  Gainesville  Baptist  church, 
Ala.,  and  in  1S4f>  took  charge  of  the  (<reat  Valley 
church,  Pa.,  in  which  he  remained  eight  years, 
and  was  then  called  to  his  native  place  in  1S54, 
where  he  ministered  six  years.  The  First  church 
of  Bridgeton  had  his  valuable  services  for  about 
eight  years,  and  the  old  church  at  Piscataway  then 
was  under  his  charge  for  ten  years  and  a  half, 
when  failing  health  compelled  him  to  resign  in 
1S78.  A  man  of  scholarly  attainments,  gentle 
spirit,  sound  theological  views,  large  sympathies, 
and  blessed  in  his  past  ministry,  it  is  hoped  that 
he  may  have  sufficient  health  to  resume  the  pas 
torate.  The  university  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  of 
whose  board  of  curators  he  is  a  member,  and  of 
which  he  was  chancellor  for  several  years,  con 
ferred  upon  him  the  Doctorate  of  Divinity  in 
1863. 

Brown,  Jere. — It  is  regretted  that,  the  writer 
failed  to  obtain  matter  out  of  Avhich  to  make  a 
sketch  of  the  late  Deacon  Jere  Brown,  of  Sumter 
County,  Ala.;  a  man  of  great  wealth  before  the 
war,  a  princely  planter,  an  intelligent  and  cultivated 
gentleman  of  vast  influence,  and  liberal  with  his 
money.  At  one  time,  some  twenty-five  years  ago, 
he  gave  §25,000  to  the  endowment  of  a  theological 
chair  in  Howard  College,  and  a  beneficiary  fund, 


11 R  OWN 


140 


BROWN 


which  was  blessed  to  the  assistance  of  many  young 
ministers  in  securing  an  education.  Another 
Deacon  Brown,  a  near  relative  of  Jere  Br<>  ••>!,  in 
the  same  community,  though  not  so  wealthy  (yet 
quite  wealthy),  was  a  man  of  equal  worth  and  in 
fluence. 

Brown,  J.  Newton,  D.D.,  was  l>orn  in  New 

London,  Conn.,  in  -June,  1X0,'};  was  baptized  in 
Hudson,  X.  Y.,  in  IS  17  ;  graduated  from  Hamilton, 
N.  Y..  in  182:3;  ordained  in  Buffalo  in  1824  ;  pas 
tor  in  Maiden,  Mass.,  in  1827  ;  in  1829  pastor  of  a 
church  in  Kxeter.  N.  II.;  in  1S3S  Professor  of  The 
ology  and  Pastoral  Relations  in  the  New  Hampton 
Institution,  N.  II.;  in  1845  pastor  of  the  church  of 
Lexington.  Va.  ;  in  1849  editorial  secretary  of  the 
Baptist  Publication  Society.  He  was  the  author 
of  the  little  creed  so  commonly  adopted  in  newly 
organized  Baptist  churches,  and  known  as  "The 
New  Hampshire  Confession."  Like  the  mild  Dr. 
Brown,  it  is  gently  Calvinistical.  He  edited  the 
"  Encyclopaedia  of  Religious  Knowledge,"  one  of 
the  valuable  works  of  modern  times. 

Dr.  Brown  had  poor  health  most  of  his  life,  but 
it  was  the  only  poor  thing  about  him  ;  he  had  great 
faith  ;  he  was  never  angry  ;  he  loved  every  one  ;  he 
was  the  meekest  man  the  writer  ever  knew  ;  he 
walked  very  closely  with  God.  He  fell  asleep  in 
Jesus  May  14,  1808,  in  Germantown,  Pa. 

Brown,  Rev.  Joseph.,  was  born  in  Wickford, 
R.  I,  His  early  life  was  spent  on  the  farm  and  in 
one  of. the  woolen-mills  belonging  to  his  father. 
By  private  study  he  fitted  himself  for  the  Fresh 
man  class  at  Yale.  He  completed  the  course, 
graduating  with  special  honor  in  a  class  of  ninety. 
In  1844  he  returned  to  Yale  and  took  his  second 
degree.  A  few  years  later  he  taught  in  the  Pitts 
burgh  Female  Seminary.  Under  the  auspices  of  the 
Ohio  Baptist  State  Convention  he  organized  a 
church  at  Gallipolis  and  was  then  ordained,  lie 
spent  ten  years  as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Springfield,  0.,  and  during  the  time 
completed  a  theological  course  in  Wittenberg  Col 
lege  of  the  same  city.  In  I860  he  became  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Terre  Haute,  Ind.  In 
1870  he  moved  to  Indianapolis,  and  soon  entered 
upon  the  duties  of  corresponding  secretary  for  the 
Indiana  Baptist  State  Convention,  and  served  for 
five  years,  when  failing  health  obliged  him  to  re 
sign.  He  was  a  truly  nuodest  man,  a  preacher  of 
decided  ability,  and  a  faithful  servant  of  his  Mas 
ter.  His  illness  was  protracted.  He  expressed  a 
wish  that  he  might  die  on  Sunday.  The  Lord 
called  him  Sunday,  Aug.  11,  1878.  He  left  §1000 
to  the  Indiana  Baptist  State  Convention. 

Brown,  Hon.  Joseph  Emerson,  United  States 
Senator  and  ex-governor  of  Georgia,  and  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  and  distinguished  men  of  the  day, 
was  born  in  Pickens  District,  S.  C.,  April  15,  1821. 


His  tincestors  emigrated  from  Ireland  in  174")  and 
settled  in  Virginia,  afterwards  they  moved  to  South 
Carolina,  and  from  it  to  Georgia.  During  his  mi 
nority,  down  to  his  nineteenth  year,  Jos.  E.  Brown 


GOV.    .JOSEPH     E.     HROH  \. 

lived  upon  a  farm.  In  1840  he  entered  Calhoun 
Academy,  in  Anderson  District,  S.  C..  where  he  re 
mained  three  years.  He  then  engaged  in  teaching 
at  Canton,  Ga.,  reading  law  at  night,  till  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar,  in  August,  1845.  Afterwards 
he  spent  a  year  in  the  law  school  of  Yale  College, 
and  in  the  fall  of  184ti  he  entered  regularly  upon 
the  legal  profession  at  Canton.  Ga.  He  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate  in  1849,  serving  two  years,  and 
in  1855  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  Superior  Court 
of  the  Blue  Ridge  Circuit.  He  was  elected  gov 
ernor  in  1857.  In  1859  he  was  unanimously  re- 
nominated  for  governor,  and  was  re-elected.  In 
1st')]  he  was  again  renominated  for  governor,  and 
again  re-elected,  and  in  1804  the  people  for  the 
fourth  time  in  succession  called  him  to  the  guber 
natorial  chair.  As  governor  of  the  State  he  espoused 
the  cause  of  secession,  and  sent  not  less  than  120.000 
men  to  the  field  from  Georgia. 

Subsequently  to  the  war  Gov.  Brown  "accepted 
the  situation,"  acquiesced  in  the  reconstruction 
measures  of  Congress  as  a  necessity  resulting  from 
the  war,  and  published  a  letter  advising  his  friends 
to  follow  the  same  course. 

In  1868  he  was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Georgia  by  Gov.  Bullock  for 
twelve  years,  which  was  confirmed  by  the  State 
Senate;  but  he  resigned  in  1870,  and  became  one 
of  the  lessees  for  twenty  years  of  the  Western  and 


147 


BROWN 


Atlantic  llailroad,  belonging  to  the  State  of  Georgia. 
He  was  chosen  president  of  the  company,  which 
office  he  still  retains,  and  under  his  excellent  man 
agement  the  road  pays  into  the  State  treasury 
$300,000  per  annum,  besides  benefiting  the  com 
pany.  Gov.  Brown  is  also  president  of  the  Southern 
Kail  way  and  Steamship  Association,  which  em 
braces  nearly  all  the  railroad  corporations  east  of 
the  Mississippi,  and  from  the  Potomac  to  the  Ohio 
Kivei1.  For  twenty  years  he  has  been  a  trustee  of 
the  State  University  :  has  been  president  of  the 
Board  of  Education  of  Atlanta  ever  since  its  or 
ganization  ;  has  had  much  to  do  with  shaping  the 
public;  school  system  of  that  city  :  and  during  the 
present  year  (1SSO)  lie  made  the  handsome  dona 
tion  of  S50.000  to  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary  at  Louisville.  Ivy.  In  the  summer  of 
1SSO  he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Colquitt  to  fill  the 
unexpired  term  of  Senator  Gordon  in  the  V. .  S. 
Senate,  where,  as  in  every  other  position  held  by 
him.  he  did  himself  credit,  and  gave  evidence  of 
that  large  mental  capacity  which  has  always  char 
acterized  him.  Gov. -Brown  has  ever  been  a  faith 
ful  and  active  Baptist  since  uniting  with  the  church 
when  he  was  a  young  man.  For  years  he  has  been 
chairman  of  the  finance  committee  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  Atlanta,  the  financial  manage 
ment  devolving  mainly  upon  him.  As  a  financier 
he  is  probably  unsurpassed,  and  he  is  now  very 
wealthy. 

lie  frequently  attends  the  public  convocations  of 
hi>  brethren,  and  lie  is  always  received  with  the 
highest  respect.  A  man  of  wonderful  firmness. 
sagacity,  power  of  will,  and  excellence  of  judg 
ment,  lie  has  always  succeeded  in  his  undertakings. 
Almost  every  honor  a  State  can  bestow  upon  a 
favored  citizen  has  been  conferred  upon  him.  and 
he  exerts  an  influence  in  Georgia  wielded  by  no 
other  man. 

Brown,  Rev.  Joseph  Prentice,  son  of  Henry 

and  Lucy  (Prentice)  Brown,  was  born  in  Watcrford, 
Conn.,  Oct.  '27,  1X20;  a  cousin  of  Rev.  J.  Xewton 
Brown,  D.I).;  converted  at  the  age  of  seventeen; 
unired  with  First  Baptist  church  of  Waterford, 
Conn.,  at  the  age  of  twenty ;  educated  at  East 
Greenwich  Academy,  11.  I.,  and  New  Hampton 
Theological  Institution,  N.  II. ;  ordained  in  Charles- 
town,  R.  I.,  -January,  1X47  :  remained  two  years, 
blessed  in  toil;  in  March,  1X49.  settled  with  the 
Union  Baptist  church  in  Plainfield.  Conn.,  and  la 
bored  with  signal  success  for  twenty-two  years;  in 
1871  settled  with  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Xew 
London,  and  served  about  six  years  ;  a  man  of  native 
strength  and  sound  judgment:  spiritual  and  earnest 
in  his  work;  both  pastor  and  evangelist;  baptized 
above  300  persons  ;  a  member  of  the  State  Legis 
lature,  in  1X65,  from  Plainfield;  served  on  Boards 
of  Education  ;  more  than  twenty  years  on  the  Board 


of  the  Connecticut  Baptist  State  Convention,  and 
once  its  president;  always  wise  in  council. 

Brown,  Nathan,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Xew  Ips 
wich.  X.  II..  June  22,  1X07.  lie  graduated  at  Wil 
liams  College,  Mass.,  in  1X27,  and  at  the  Newton 
Theological  Institution  in  1X30.  lie  was  ordained 
at  Rutland.  Vt.,  April  15.  1X31.  Having  been 
appointed  as  a  missionary,  he  sailed  from  this 
country  Dec.  22,  1X32.  and  reached  Calcutta.  May 
5,  1833,  and  proceeded  at  once  to  take  charge  of 
a  mission  to  the  Slums.  He  commenced  his  work 
March,  1X36,  in  Sadiya.  at  the  northeast  extremity 
of  Assam.  lie  removed,  in  1X39,  to  •Jaipur,  and 
to  Sibsagor  in  1X41.  While  here.  Dr.  Brown 
directed  his  special  attention  to  the  work  of  trans 
lation.  The  whole  New  Testament  in  Assaman 
was  printed  in  1X4X.  Year  after  year  new  and 
revised  editions  were  issued  from  the  press,  and  Dr. 
Brown  had  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  he  had 
been  an  instrument  in  the  hands  of  God  of  giving 
the  knowledge  of  the  truth  "as  ir  is  in  .Jesus"  to 
millions  of  the  human  race.  In  lN.">5,  Dr.  Brown, 
after  twenty  years  of  faithful  service,  returned  to 
his  native  land.  Differences  of  opinion  as  to  mat 
ters  of  missionary  policy  having  come  between  Dr. 
Brown  and  the  Kxecutive  Committee,  his  connec 
tion  with  the  Missionary  Union  was  dissolved  July 
26.  1X59.  For  several  years  Dr.  Brown  was  engaged 
in  editorial  work  in  this  country,  and  in  advocating 
the  claims  of  the  Free  Mission  Society.  In  1X72 
the  Union  unanimously  voted  to  take  charge  of  the 
Japan  mission  of  the  American  Baptist  Free  Mis 
sion  Society,  and  Dr.  Brown's  connection  with  the 
Union  was  restored,  and  he  was  sent  to  -Japan.  He 
reached  Yokohama  in  February,  1X73.  and  entered 
upon  his  missionary  work.  During  a  part  of  the 
five  years  past  he  has  given  his  special  attention 
to  the  work  of  the  translation  of  the  Bible  into 
the  Japanese  language.  In  the  report  of  1X7X  we 
find  that,  within  the  last  three  years,  over  1,000.000 
panes  of  Scripture,  including  the  first  three  gospels 
and  portions  of  theOld  Testament,  have  been  printed. 
When  the  whole  Bible,  faithfully  translated,  shall 
have;  been  given  to  the  33,000.000  that  inhabit 
Japan,  Dr.  Brown  may  well  thank  God  for  the  part 
which  he  has  been  permitted  to  take  in  so  blessed 
an  undertaking. 

Brown,  ObadiahB.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Newark, 
N,  J..  July  20,  1779.  He  was  educated  a  Presby 
terian,  but  in  early  life  espoused  the  views  of  Bap 
tists.  He  was  engaged  in  teaching  for  several 
years,  and  about  the  age  of  twenty-four  was  bap 
tized.  Wishing  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry, 
he  studied  theology  under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  W. 
Van  Horn,  of  Scotch  Plains.  After  his  ordination 
he  preached  for  a  short  time  at  Salem.  N.  -I.,  and 
removing  thence  to  Washington,  D.  C.,  in  1X07, 
he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 


BROWN 


148 


BROWN 


that  city,  in  which  relation  ho  continued  for  up 
wards  of  forty  years  (1X50),  until  growing  physical 
infirmities  prevented  his  officiating  longer.  lie 
was  chosen  repeatedly  chaplain  to  Congress.  IV. 
Brown  took  a  deep  interest  in  education,  and  was 
for  a  long  time  a  most  efficient  member  of  the 
hoard  of  trustees  of  the  Columbian  College.  lie 
was  greatly  interested  also  in  missions,  and  in  con 
nection  with  Rico  and  others  promoted  the  organ 
ization  of  the  Baptist  General  Convention  for  mis- 
sionary  purposes.  His  pulpit  efforts  were  marked 
by  an  unusual  vigor  of  mind,  and  sometimes  by 
great  power  and  effectiveness.  He  died  May  2, 
1852. 

Brown,  Gen.  P.  P.,  was  horn  in  Madison  Co., 
N.  ¥..  Oct.  8,  1S23.  He  was  converted  at  eight 
years  of  age.  After  teaching  in  various  places  he 
removed  to  Alton.  111.,  and  became  principal  of  the 
Preparatory  Department  of  Slmrtleff  College.  In 
18f')2  he  organized  the  157th  Regiment  of  N".  Y. 
Vols.  lie  was  soon  promoted  to  be  a  brigadier- 
general  for  gallant  service  :  he  was  commended  for 
his  bravery  at  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville.  At 
the  battle  of  Gettysburg  he  guarded  a  battery  in 
a  very  ha/.ardous  position.  With  honor  he  closed 
his  military  career. 

Gen.  Brown  has  since  the  war  resided  in  St. 
Louis,  and  is  a  faithful  member  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  that  city. 

Brown,  Rev.  Simeon,  was  born  in  \orth  Ston 
ington.  Conn.,  Jan.  31,  1722;  a  man  of  native 
talents:  belonged  to  the  standing  order  ;  was  con 
verted  under  Whitefield's  preaching  about  1745  ; 
joined  the  Xcw  Lights;  united  with  Rev.  Stephen 
Babcock  in  forming  the  Baptist  church  in  Westerly 
in  .1750,  and  was  deacon;  opened  his  house  in 
North  Stonington  to  the  famous  Council  of  May 
29.  1754;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Wait  Palmer  in 
1764;  in  March,  1705,  organized  the  Second  Bap 
tist  church  in  North  Stonington,  and  was  ordained 
pastor;  was  associated  in  the  ministry  with  breth 
ren  Babcock.  Morse,  Palmer,  Darrow,  Lee,  AVi»-ht- 
man,  Silas  Burrows,  Backus,  West,  and  Asa  Wil- 
cox  ;  remained  pastor  of  tin;  church  fifty  years; 
was  assisted  by  Rev.  Asian-  Miner;  a  strong,  pure. 
earnest  man:  died  Nov.  24,  1815.  in  his  ninety- 
fourth  year,  leaving  a  shining  record. 

Brown,  T.  Edwin,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Wash 
ington,  I).  C.,  Sept.  26,  1841,  and  was  educated  in 
the  schools  of  his  native  city,  graduating  at  Co 
lumbian  College  in  1801.  with  the  highest  honors 
of  his  class,  lie  was  immediately  appointed  tutor 
of  Greek  and  Latin  in  the  college,  which  position 
he  filled  with  great  acceptance  for  two  years.  But 
feeling  moved  to  enter  the  ministry,  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  Tabernacle  Baptist  church  in  Brook 
lyn,  where  he  was  ordained  pastor  in  November, 
18G2.  This  relation  continued  for  seven  years,  dur 


ing  which  tim'1  ho  greatly  endeared  himself  to  his 
people  by  his  arduous  labors,  his  excellent  spirit, 
and  his  superior  talents  as  a  preacher.  lie  also 
steadily  gained  in  reputation  and  influence  in  New 
York  and  Brooklyn.  His  scholarly  habits  and 
polished  manners  qualified  him  for  any  circle  of 
society,  and  it  was  with  deep  regret  the  people  of 
Brooklyn  parted  with  him  when,  in  November, 
18(>9,  he  accepted  the  call  of  the  Second  church 
of  Rochester.  During  his  pastorate  at  Rochester 
Mr.  Brown  has  developed  rare  powers  as  a  preacher 
and  student.  He  is  a  young  man,  and  vet  minis 
ters  acceptably  to  one  of  the  most  cultivated  con 
gregations  in  the  State  of  New  York.  The  Uni 
versity  of  Rochester  conferred  upon  him  the  decree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  in  the  year  1875. 

Brown,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Newark. 
N.  •].,  Nov.  1,  1779.  lie  was  converted  at  sixteen. 
Shortly  after  reaching  twenty-one  he  left  the  Pres 
byterian  for  the  Baptist  denomination.  He  was 
educated  in  the  academy  of  Dr.  Samuel -Jones,  of 
Lower  Dublin,  Pa.  In  1806  he  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  Salem  Baptist  church,  N.  -I.  In  1808  he 
took  charge  of  the  Scotch  Plains  church,  over  which 
he  presided  for  twenty  years,  and  in  which  the 
richest  blessings  of  heaven  rested  upon  his  efforts. 
He  removed  to  the  Great  Valley  church.  Pa.,  in 
1828,  where  the  Lord  was  pleased  to  smile  upon 
his  labors.  The  church  was  greatly  prospered,  and 
the  pastor  was  tenderly  loved.  He  died  Jan.  17, 
1831.  He  was  a  good  man,  a  faithful  minister,  and 
a  happy  Christian. 

Brown,  Rev.  William  L.,  was  born  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  L,  January,  1813,  and  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1831).  lie  pur 
sued  a  two  years'  course  of  theological  studv  at 
Newton.  lie  was  ordained  Feb.  14.  1839.  His 
pastorates  have  been  with  the  churches  at  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich.  ;  Bristol,  R.  I.  ;  West  Springfield, 
Westborough.  and  Watertown,  Mass.  ;  at  Mount 
Pleasant  and  Ottumwa,  Iowa  :  and  North  Reading, 
Mass.,  where  he  is  at  the  present  time  (1880)  in 
active  service. 

Brown,  Rev.  William  Martin,  a  prominent 

Baptist  minister,  was  born  in  Halifax  Co.,  Ya., 
Auu;.  18,  1794.  lie  came  to  Mercer  Co.,  Ky..  in 
1813,  and  two  years  after\vards  settled  in  Hart 
County  of  that  State.  He  united  with  Bacon 
Creek  church  in  1821.  and  five  years  afterwards 
became  its  pastor,  and  served  in  that  capacity 
thirty-two  years.  He  was  also  pastor  of  Knox's 
Creek  and  South  Fork  churches.  Under  his 
ministry  two  of  these  churches  became  the 
largest  in  Lynn  Association.  Mr.  Brown  traveled 
and  preached  extensively  in  that  region  of  the 
State,  and  formed  several  churches.  He  died  June 
3,  1801.  Two  of  his  sons,  James  II.  and  D.  J.,  be 
came  useful  Baptist  preachers. 


BROWN 


BROWN 


BROWN,    OP    PROVIDENCE,    THE    FAMILY    OF. 

Brown,  Rev.  Chad,  the  ancestor  of  the  distin 
guished  Brown  family  of  Rhode  Island,  was  born  in 
England  about  1610.  lie  is  said  to  have  been  "one 
of  that  little  company  who  fled  with  Roi^er  Williams 
from  the  persecution  of  the  then  colony  of  Massachu 
setts."  The  lot  which  was  assigned  to  him  in  the 
division  of  lands  which  was  made  in  Providence 
included  within  it  what  is  now  the  college  grounds, 
of  Brown  University,  lie  seems  to  have  been  a 
man  of  importance  in  those  early  times,  liavinir 
been  chosen,  with  four  other  citizens,  to  draw  np  a 
plan  of  agreement  for  the  peace  and  government 
of  the  colony,  which  for  several  years  constituted 
the  only  acknowledged  government  of  the  t>wn. 
Mr.  Brown  maybe  regar  led  as  the  first  "  elder." 
or  regular  minister  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Providence,  the  church  founded  by  Ro^er  Williams. 
AV  bile  Mr.  Brown  was  the  minister  of  the  First 
church  in  Providence  there  arose  a  great  contro 
versy,  which  agitated  not  only  the  t  >wn.  but  the 
whole  colony.  It  was  with  reference  to  the  "  laving 
on  of  hands."  alluded  to  in  Ileb.  vi.  1.  '1,  and  Mr. 
Brown  was  earnest  in  maintaining  the  obligatori- 
ness  of  the  rite,  as  being  one  of  divine  authority. 
He  died  about  the  year  1005.  "  His  death,"  says 
Dr.  Guild,  "was  regarded  by  the  colonists  as  a 
public  calamity,  for  he  had  been  the  successful 
arbitrator  of  many  differences,  and  had  won  the 
not  unenviable  reputation  of  being  a  peace-maker." 
Roger  Williams  spoke  of  him,  after  his  death,  "as 
that  wise  and  godly  soul,  now  with  God."  He  was 
the  worthy  head  of  honored  descendants. 

Brown,  John,  the  oldest  son  of  Rev.  Chad 
Brown,  was  born  in  England  in  1030.  According 
to  Dr.  Guild,  "he  appears  to  have  been  a  man  of 
influence  in  the  colony,  and  to  have  inherited  the 
character  and  spirit  of  his  father:  he  appears  to 
have  taken  an  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  the 
colony,  and  to  have  occupied  positions  of  trust  and 
honor." 

Brown,  Rev.  James,  the  second  son  of  John. 
was  born  in  Providence  in  I0i>5.  He  was  associated 
for  a.  time  with  the  Rev.  Pardon  Tillinghast  as  one 
of  the  pastors  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Provi 
dence,  lie  is  spoken  of  as  an  example  of  pietv 
and  meekness  worthy  of  admiration. 

Brown,  James,  the  second  son  of  the  Rev. 
James  Brown,  was  born  March  22,  109S  ;  he  de 
voted  himself  to  mercantile  pursuits,  and  his  efforts 
were  successful.  His  wife  was  a  lady  of  great 
wisdom,  and  gave  a  home  training  to  four  sons 
which  made  them  the  most  distinguished  men  in 
the  colony.  The  names  of  the  celebrated  •'  four 
brothers"  were  Nicholas,  Joseph,  John,  and  Moses. 
Brown,  Nicholas,  the  first  of  the  "  four  broth 
ers,"  was  born  in  Providence,  July  2S.  1729.  lie 
was  called  at  an  early  age  to  assume  grave  respon 


sibilities  in  consequence  of  the  death  of  his  father. 
With  a  decided  taste  for  a  business  life,  he  entered 
I  upon  his  career  as  a  merchant,  and  was  eminently 
successful.  Engrossed  in  business,  he  devoted  him 
self  to  his  chosen  calling  with  great  diliirenc".  and 
reaped  abundantly  the  reward  of  his  fidelity.  Like 
so  many  others  who  bore  his  name,  he  was  a  friend 
to  the  college  and  the  church  which  have  done  so 
much  for  the  Baptist  cause.  Iledied  May  29,  1791. 
His  religious  character  is  thus  described  by  Dr. 
Stillman  :  "  Religion  was  bis  favorite  subject.  To 
Christianity  in  general  as  founded  on  a  fullness  of 
evidence,  and  to  its  peculiar  doctrines,  he  was  firmly 
attached:  and  from  his  uniform  temper,  his  love 
for  the  gospel  and  for  pious  men,  together  with  his 
many  and  generous  exertions  t  >  promote  the  cause 
of  Christ,  we  may  safely  conclude  that  he  had  tasted 
that  the  Lord  is  gracious.  '  Therefore  we;  sorrow 
not  as  those  who  have  no  hope/  lie  was  a  Baptist 
from  principle.  Blessed  with  opulence,  he  was 
ready  to  distribute  to  public-  and  to  private  uses. 
I  In  his  death  the  college  of  this  place,  this  church 
and  society,  the  town  of  Providence,  and  the  gen 
eral  interests  of  religion,  learning,  and  liberality, 
have  lost  a  friend  indeed/' 

Brown,  Joseph,  was  bom  Dec.  3.  1733;  he  was 
the  second  of  the  "  four  brothers"  :  he  was  enuaged 
in  mercantile  pursuits.  He  had  scholarly  tastes, 
and  in  the  department  of  natural  sciences  he  was 
justly  regarded  as  occupying  a  high  place.  He 
sustained  an  intimate  connection  with  the  college ; 
in  17SJ  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Natural 
Philosophy,  and  he  performed  the  duties  of  this  office 
without  financial  compensation.  For  many  years 
he  was  a.  member  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  and 
contributed  largely  towards  the  erection  of  its  ele 
gant  edifice.  He  died  Dec.  3,  17S5.  By  the  de- 
cea^e  of  the  late  Mrs.  Eli/a  B.  Rogers,  the  daughter 
of  Mary  Brown,  who  married  Dr.  Stephen  Gano, 
this  branch  of  the  Brown  family  became  extinct. 

Brown,  John,  the  luird  of  the  distinguished 
"four  brothers  Brown."  of  Providence,  and  a 
lineal  descendant  of  Rev.  ('had  Brown,  the  first 
minister  of  the  venerable  First  Baptist  church, 
Providence,  R.  1.,  was  born  in  that  town  Jan.  27, 
1730.  He  early  developed  a  decided  aptness  for 
business,  and  was  the  first  merchant  in  Providence 
who  carried  trade  to  China  and  the  East  Indies. 
The  interests  of  the  church,  with  which  so  many 
of  his  ancestors  had  been  connected,  were  especially 
fostered  by  him.  To  his  generous  aid  and  his  far- 
seeing  wisdom  is  largely  due  the  erection  of  the 
splendid  house  of  worship  which  for  more  than  a 
century  has  been  the  place  of  meeting  for  the 
church.  Under  the  pastoral  care  of  President 
Manning,  of  Brown  University,  the  congregation 
grew  so  large  that  the  old  meeting-house  erected 
in  1720  was  entirely  inadequate  to  meet  its  wants. 


1 50 


i  OWN 


The  following  resolution  was  passed  Feb.  11,  1774: 
'•  I'cxolved,  That  we  will  all  heartily  unite  as  one 
man.  in  all  lawful  ways  and  means,  to  promote  the 
<i'ood  of  this  soeiety,  and  particularly  attend  to  the 
a  (Fair  of  building  a  meeting-house  for  the  public 
wurship  of  Almighty  (!od,  and  also  for  holding 
commencements  in.''  At  a  meeting  of  the  soeiety, 
April  2">.  1774.  the  following  resolution  was  passed  : 
"That  Mr.  John  Brown  be  the  committee-man  for 
carrying  on  the  building  of  the  new  meeting-house 

for  said  society.''      It  shows   how  much  confidence 

" 
was  felt  in   Mr.  Brown   that  upon   him   should   be 

placed  the  chief  responsibility  of  carrying  out  the 
wishes  of  the  society.  The  meeting-house;  so  justly 
admired  exhibited  tin;  marks  of  his  good  taste. 
The  steeple  is  similar  to  that  of  St.  Martin's  in  the 
Fields  in  London,  a  church  of  faultless  propor 
tions,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Trafalgar  Square. 

Mr.  Brown  was  a  warm  patriot.  By  his  special 
orders  the  captains  of  his  ships  returning  to  this 
country  in  177'")  were  directed  to  bring  munitions 
of  war,  especially  gunpowder,  as  freight,  and  he 
was  able  to  render  great  assistance  to  (Jen.  Wash 
ington's  army  in  Boston.  lie  had  already  made  ' 
himself  obnoxious  to  the  enemy  for  causing  the  de 
struction,  in  1772,  of  the  British  armed  schooner 
"(iaspee."  lie  escaped,  however,  all  the  perils  of 
the  war,  and  was  able  to  servo  his  country  in  the 
councils  of  the  nation  as  he  had  in  the  arena  of 
•public  strife,  lie  was  sent  as  delegate  to  Congress 
in  17<S4  and  1785.  In  17(,M)  lie  was  elected  a  mem 
ber,  and  served  two  years,  lie  died  Sept.  20,  1X03. 
Brown,  Moses,  was  the  youngest  of  the  '•  four 
brothers."  lie  was  born  Sept.  23,  173X.  By  his 
marriage  he  obtained  a  competent  fortune,  which. 
added  to  what  he  had  made  in  business,  in  partner 
ship  with  his  three  brothers,  enabled  him  to  retire 
to  the  more  quiet  life  which  suited  his  tastes.  Al 
though  brought  up  a  Baptist,  at  the  age  of  flirty- 
five  he  joined  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  became 
one  of  the  most  liberal  supporters  of  all  the  insti 
tutions  of  that  body  of  Christians.  He  lived  to  the 
great  age  of  nearly  ninety-eight  years,  his  death 
taking  place  at  Providence,  Sept.  6,  1X36.  An 
excellent  portrait  of  Mr.  Brown  is  in  the  portrait- 
•rallery  of  Brown  University. 

Brown,  Hon.  Nicholas,  the  munificent  friend 
of  the  university  which  bears  his  honored  name,  was 
born  in  Providence,  II.  I..  April  4,  1760.  We  trace 
his  ancestry  "on  this  sideof  the  water''  back  to  Mr. 
Chad  Brown,  the  friend  and  sharer  of  the  sacrifices 
of  Roger  Williams  in  his  new  home.  In  the  sixth 
generation  from  Chad  Brown  we  find  the  fam.ily 
name  borne  by  four  brothers,  each  of  them  distin 
guished  in  the  annals  of  the  city.  The  name  of 
the  third  of  these  brothers  was  Nicholas,  and  this 
name  was  given  to  his  son,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch.  Young  Brown,  at  the  early  age  of  four 


teen,  became  a  member  of  Rhode  Island  College, 
in  the  foundation  of  which  his  father  and  uncle  had 
taken  the  deepest  interest.  He  graduated  in  17X6. 
Having  completed  his  college  course  of  study, 
Mr.  Brown  at  once  entered  the  counting-room  of 
his  father  to  prepare  himself  to  carry  on  the  busi 
ness  of  the  mercantile  house  which  he  represented. 
When  he  reached  the  age  of  twenty-two  his  father 
was  removed  by  death,  and  he  found  himself  pos 
sessed  of  what  in  those  days  was  a  large  patrimony. 
Taking  to  himself  as  a  partner  Mr.  Thomas  P. 
Ives,  whose  tastes  were  congenial  with  his  own.  he 
entered  upon  that  long  career  of  prosperity  which 
made  the  firm  of  Brown  A:  Ives  so  well  known  and 
so  highly  respected  in  almost  every  quarter  of  the 
world. 


HON.    NICHOLAS     IJUO\V.V. 

But  it  is  not  simply  as  a  merchant  laying  broad 
and  far-sighted  plans  for  amassing  wealth  that 
we  are  to  view  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  He 
lived  in  times  when  society  had  passed  and  was 
passing  through  radical  changes.  As  an  intelligent, 
high-minded  man,  he  could  be  no  other  than  a  sin 
cere  patriot,  seeking  the  welfare  of  the  country, 
•which  was  now  taking  its  place  as  an  independent 
nation  among  the  nations  of  the  earth.  He  took 
a  lively  interest  in  the  politics  of  his  day,  and  for 
fourteen  years  was  for  most  of  the  time  a  member 
of  either  the  lower  or  the  upper  house  of  tin;  Gen 
eral  Assembly  of  his  native  State. 

In  such  a  sketch  as  this  our  special  concern  with 
Mr.  Brown  is  in  the  character  of  a  man  of  simple 
piety  and  a  large-hearted  benevolence.  Although, 
from  some  peculiar  views  which  he  cherished  on 


BROWN 


151 


BROWN 


the  .subject  of  making  a  public  profession  of  his 
faith  in  Christ,  he  never  became  a  member  of  the 
church,  no  one  who  was  intimate  with  him  could 
have  any  doubt  that  he  was  a  sincere  Christian. 
Few  persons  read  more  devoutly  and  more  habitu 
ally  the  Word  of  God.  He  believed  in  the  public 
institutions  of  religion,  and  by  his  own  example 
and  generous  contributions  sustained  them.  Es 
pecially  attached  was  he  to  the  faith  of  his  fathers, 
and  the  church  where  for  so  many  generations  they 
had  worshiped,  lie  gave  to  it  what  in  those  days 
was  regarded  as  an  organ  of  great  value,  and  in  his 
last  will  he  left  to  it  the  sum  of  83000.  Other 
churches,  not  only  in  Providence,  but  elsewhere, 
shared  in  his  bounty.  The  great  religious  organi 
zations  of  the  day  found  in  him  a  liberal  supporter. 
His  benefactions  to  the  university  which  bears  his 
name  deserve  special  mention.  They  commenced 
four  years  after  his  graduation,  and  continued  until 
his  death.  His  first  generous  gift  was  a  valuable 
collection  of  law  books.  A  few  years  after  he  gave 
$5000  to  Rhode  Island  College  towards  the  founda 
tion  of  a  professorship  of  Rhetoric  and  Oratory. 
In  consequence  of  the  interest  shown  by  .Mr.  Brown 
in  the  college  its  name  was  changed  to  Brown 
University.  At  his  own  charges,  he  caused  to  be 
erected  the  second  dormitory  of  the  university, 
known  as  "  Hope  College,"  which  cost  not  far  from 
$20.000.  By  tliis  gift  he  transmitted  to  posterity 
the  name  of  his  only  sister,  Mrs.  Hope  Ives.  In 
May,  1821),  he  gave  to  the  university  hinds  the  es 
timated  value  of  which  was  820.000.  A  few  years 
after,  in  connection  with  his  brother-in-law,  Thomas 
P.  Ives,  Esq.,  a  valuable  philosophical  apparatus. 
He  started,  in  1S32,  the  library  fund  of  $25.000  with 
a  subscription  of  810,000.  He  paid  all  the  bills 
incurred  in  the  erection  of  Manning  Hall,  amount 
ing  to  818,500.  The  building  was  dedicated  Feb 
ruary  4,  1835,  President  Wayland  delivering  on  the 
occasion  a  discourse  on  the  "  Dependence  of  Science 
on  Religion."  In  1839  he  gave  810.000  to  the  cor 
poration,  87000  of  the  sum  to  be  appropriated  to 
wards  the  erection  of  the  president's  house,  and 
83000  towards  the  erection  of  a  third  college  build 
ing,  to  be  used  for  the  accommodation  of  the  de 
partments  of  Natural  Philosophy,  Chemistry.  Min 
eralogy,  and  Natural  History.  lie  also  furnished 
three  valuable  lots  as  sites  of  these  buildings.  "  The 
entire  sum  of  his  recorded  benefactions,"  savs  Dr. 
Guild,  "amounts  to  $160,000,  assigning  to  the  do 
nations  of  lands  and  buildings  the  valuation  which 
was  put  upon  them  at  the  time  they  were  made.'' 
A  part  of  this  sum  was  realized  after  his  decease, 
when  the  corporation  of  the  university  came  into 
possession  of  certain  lots  of  land  valued  at  $42,500, 
arid  a  bequest  out  of  which  has  come  the  Nicholas 
Brown  scholarships,  eleven  in  number,  arid  valued 
at  $12,000.  The  large  amount  thus  contributed  to 


the  university  made  him,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
the  most  generous  donor  to  the  cause  of  education  the 
country  had  produced.  If  he  has  been  outstripped 
in  the  number  and  the  value  of  his  gifts  by  lovers 
of  good  learning  in  more  modern  times,  it  may  be 
doubted,  considering  how  changed  is  the  standard 
of  giving,  whether  he  does  not  still  occupy  the 
rank  which  he  has  held  among  the  warmest  friends 
of  liberal  culture  and  advanced  education. 

As  a  Baptist,  Mr.  Brown  did  not  confine  his 
bounty  to  the  university  within  whose  walls  he 
received  his  education.  He  gave  to  Columbian 
College,  to  the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and 
to  Waterville  College,  all  designed  to  promote  the 
better  training  of  young  men  in  the  Baptist  de 
nomination.  By  his  will,  also,  he  left  something  to 
the  Northern  Baptist  Education,  and  to  the  Amer 
ican  and  Foreign  Bible  Society. 

Mr.  Brown  took  an  active  part  in  founding  the 
Providence  ''  Athenaeum,"  giving  to  it  the  valuable 
lot  on  which  the  library  building  stands,  86000  to 
wards  the  erection  of  this  building,  and  84000  to 
the  library  fund.  In  his  will,  moreover,  he  gave 
830.000  towards  the  erection  of  a  lunatic  hospital, 
now  known  as  the  "  Butler  Hospital  for  the  Insane.'' 
taking  its  name  from  Cyrus  Butler,  Esq.,  whose 
gift  of  840.000  was  added  to  that  of  Mr.  Brown. 

Dr.  Guild,  as  has  already  been  stated,  places  the 
amount  of  his  "recorded  benefactions  at  8160.000." 
Other  sums,  given  in  other  directions  besides  those 
which  have  been  indicated,  swell  the  amount,  ac 
cording  to  the  estimate  of  Professor  Gammell,  to 
the  large  sum  of  S21 1 .500.  Thus  did  this  "  steward 
of  the  Lord"  scatter  in  every  direction  the  posses 
sions  which  a  kind  Providence  gave  to  him.  He 
earned  money  not  to  hoard  it.  not  to  expend  it  on 
personal  gratification,  but  to  do  good  witli  it.  He 
''  sowed  bountifully,"  and  God  enabled  him  to 
"reap  bountifully."  No  finite  mind  can  measure 
the  blessed  influences  which  a  man  of  such  large 
and  generous  heart  sets  in  motion.  For  generation 
after  generation  they  widen  and  extend  in  a  thou 
sand  directions  to  the  glory  of  God  and  the  benefit 
of  mankind.  May  the  number  of  successful  Bap 
tist  merchants  like  Nicholas  Brown  be  increased 
an  hundredfold  ! 

Brown,  Hon.  John  Carter,  the  second  son  01 
Nicholas  Brown,  the  benefactor  of  the  university 
which  bears  his  name,  was  born  in  Providence, 
Aug.  28,  1797.  He  graduated  at  Brown  Univer 
sity  in  the  class  of  1816.  Inheriting  the  tastes  of 
his  ancestors  for  mercantile  pursuits,  he  entered 
the  counting-room  of  Brown  &  Ives,  his  father  and 
uncle,  and  in  due  time  became  a  member  of  the 
firm.  Ho  took  the  responsibilities  which  his  hon 
ored  father  had  so  long  borne  in  connection  with 
the  university  when  death  removed  that  father  to 
his  reward.  As  a  member  of  its  corporation,  in 


liROWX 


l)Otli  brunches,  he  performed  excellent  service  for 
his  iilitnt  nutter.  In  his  gifts  to  the  university  he 
has  been  surpassed  by  no  one  but  his  father.  Tin' 
value  of  these  gifts  \vas  not  far  from  Si  5"). (100. 

.Mr.  Brown  was  a,  great  lover  of  books,  and  in 
one  department  it  is  believed  that  no  library  in 
this  or  any  other  country  has  a  more  valuable  col 
lection.  \\'e  refer  to  the  department  of  American 
history.  It  was  his  aim  to  secure  every  publica 
tion  relating  to  either  Xorth  or  S  nith  America  be 
tween  the  year  14'.»i>  and  the  year  1SO().  "This 
design,"  says  Prof.  (Jammell.  "has  been  accom 
plished,  not  indeed  with  absolute?  completeness,  but 
to  an  extent  which  must  awaken  the  admiration  of 
all  who  are  acquainted  with  the  v;i>t  treasures  of 
his  collection.  It  contains  the  materials  lor  illus 
trating  the  discovery  of  the  Xew  World,  and  the 
entire  history  of  its  development  and  progress  in 
all  its  divisions  to  the  close  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
turv."  It  shows  the  kindness  of  .Mr.  Brown's 
h"art  that  he  placed  this  most  rare  and  magnificent 
collection  at  the  service  of  any  scholar  who  might 
wish  to  avail  himself  of  its  treasures,  and  to  that 
pleasant  library  where  the  writer  of  this  sketch 
has  spent  so  many  happy  hours  many  a  literary 
pilgrim  has  come  and  met  a  most  hearty  welcome. 

Although  possessed  of  large  wealth,  Mr.  Brown, 
like  his  father,  was  simple  in  his  tastes,  and 
shunned  notoriety  in  every  form.  lie  lived  to  see 
the  fruits  of  his  benevolence  as  shown  to  the  uni 
versity  and  some  of  the  leading  charitable  institu 
tions  of  his  native  city.  lie  died  iu  Providence, 
11.  I..  June  10.  1S74.  .Mr.  Brown  closes  our 
sketches  of  the  Brown  family  of  Providence. 

Brown  University. — This  institution,  like  so 
many  other  colleges  in  this  country,  owes  its 
origin  to  the  deep-seated  conviction  that  religion 
and  learning  should  unite  their  forces  to  elevate 
and  save  the  race.  The  Baptist  denomination 
needed  an  institution,  first  of  all,  for  the  fitting  of 
young  men  to  enter  the  Christian  ministry,  and 
also  to  prepare  others  to  engage  in  scientific  and 
literary  pursuits  honorably  for  themselves  and 
beneficially  for  the  community  in  which  they  wen; 
to  live.  The  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association  was 
formed  in  1707,  and  at  once  took  a  decided  stand 
in  favor  of  an  educated  ministry.  Many  years 
elapsed,  however,  before  a  definite  plan  was  formed 
to  establish  a  college  suited  to  the  wants  of  the  de 
nomination.  The  founding  of  such  an  institution 
in  Rhode  Island  was  the  project  of  Rev.  Morgan  ] 
Edwards,  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Philadelphia.  Rev.  (afterwards  President)  -James  ! 
Manning  was  sent  to  Newport  to  see  what  interest 
could  be  awakened  among  the  Baptists  of  that 
flourishing  town  in  carrying  out  the  proposed 
plan.  Meeting  with  sufficient  encouragement  to 
commence  operations,  Mr.  Manning  took  up  his 


residence  in  Warren,  It.  I.,  became  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  that  place,  and  in  September, 
17o;">,  was  elected  president  of  the  infant  college,  to 
which  was  given  the  name  "  Rhode  Island  College.'' 
The  first  commencement  was  celebrated  at  Warren, 
Sept.  7,  17o9.  at  which  time  seven  young  men  took 
the.  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts.  On  the  7th  of  Feb 
ruary,  1770.  the,  corporation  voted  that  the  college 
should  be  removed  to  Providence,  this  town  having 
offered  a  subscription  of  C42XO  as  an  inducement 
for  the  institution  permanently  to  locate  itself  there. 
At  the  time  of  its  establishment  there  were  but  four 
denominations  of  Christians  in  the  colony.  With 
a  liberal  spirit,  which  shows  the  generous  character 
of  the  founders  of  the  college,  it  was  decided  that 
each  of  these  denominations  should  be  represented 
in  the  corporation.  There  were  incorporated  •>(> 
trustees,  ±2  of  whom,  by  the  charter,  are  to  be 
forever  Baptists,  ">  to  be  of  the  denomination  called 
Friends  or  Quakers.  4  Congregationalists.  and  5 
Episcopalians.  There  is  incorporated  also  another 
branch  in  the  corporation,  known  as  "  the  Fellows/' 
This  branch  of  the  government  consists  of  1-  mem 
bers,  including  the  president,  "X  of  whom  are  to 
1)6  Baptists,  and  the  rest  indefinitely  of  any  or  all 
denomination-;."  It  is  required  that  the  president 
^hall  be  a  Baptist.  The  other  members  of  the 
faculty  may  be  of  other  denominations.  The  char 
ter  contains  the  following  noteworthy  provision  : 
"Into  this  liberal  and  catholic  institution  shall 
never  be  admitted  any  religious  tests.  But,  on  the 
contrary,  all  the  members  hereof  shall  forever  enjoy 
full.  free,  absolute,  and  uninterrupted  liberty  of 
conscience:  and  that  the  places  of  professors,  tutors, 
and  all  other  officers,  the  president  alone  excepted, 
shall  be  free  and  open  for  all  denominations  of 
Protestants  [Brown  University  is  a  Baptist  insti 
tution,  and  all  its  instructors  should  be  Baptists. — • 
EDITOR]  ;  and  that  youth  of  all  religious  denomina 
tions  shall  and  may  be  admitted  to  the  equal  ad 
vantages,  emoluments,  and  honors  of  the  college  or 
university;  and  that  the  public  teaching  shall,  in 
general,  respect  the  sciences  ;  and  that  the  sectarian 
differences  shall  not  make  any  part  of  the  public 
and  classical  instruction."  The  name  of  ''Rhode 
Island  College''  was  changed  to  "  Brown  Univer 
sity"  in  honor  of  its  generous  benefactor.  lion. 
Nicholas  Brown,  the  change  having  been  made  by 
an  act  of  the  corporation  passed  Sept.  0,  1S04.  The 
university  has  had  seven  presidents.  Its  first  was 
the  founder  of  the  college,  Rev.  James  Manning. 
I ).!).,  of  Nassau  Hull  College,  Princeton,  who  en 
tered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  September.  1705, 
and  continued  in  the  same  until  his  death.  July  -0, 
1791.  His  successor  was  Rev.  Jonathan  Maxcy, 
D.D..  of  the  class  of  17X7,  elected  in  1797,  and  re 
signed  in  1X02.  Subsequently  he  was  president 
of  Union  College,  and  afterwards  of  South  Carolina 


J;KU\VN   UNIVERSITY. 


IIROWNTIELD 


154 


College,  and  died  in  1S20.  The  president  at  that 
time  was  Rev.  Asa  .Messer.  ]».!>..  LL.D.,  of  tin- 
class  of  IT'.H).  who  was  elected  in  18(1-1.  and  re 
signed  in  1^20.  He  died  in  1SI10.  He  was  snc- 

,. led   by    llev.  Francis   Wayland.   D.D..   LL.D..   a 

graduate  of  I'nion  College  of  the  class  ol  1813; 
elected,  1S27;  resigned,  IS,")");  died,  ISC).").  The 
next  president  \vsis  Rev.  Barnas  Sears.  !).!>. .  LL.I>.. 
of  the  class  of  1825.  who  was  elected  1825,  and  re 
signed  1S07.  He  died  July  0.  1SSO.  He  was  suc 
ceeded  hy  Rev.  Alexis  Caswell,  D.i)..  I,L.I>.,  of  the 
class  of  1*22,  who  was  elected  ISIiS.  and  resigned 
1*72.  He  died  in  1*77.  Tli«;  present  incumbent 
of  the  ollicc.  Rev.  E/.ekiel  Gilman  Kohinson.  D.l>.. 
l,L.i>..  of  the  class  of  1838.  was  elected  in  1872. 
According  to  tin;  recently  published  general  cata 
logue  (1SSO)  the  whole  nniuber  of  graduates  of  the 
college,  including  those  who  have  received  honorary 
decrees,  is  3494,  of  wliich  number  175*  are  living. 
The  whole  number  of  alumni  is  2932,  of  whom 
1014  are  now  living.  The  whole  number  of  minis 
ters  who  have  been  educated  at  Brown  University 
i>  733.  of  whom  388  are  now  living:  502  persons 
have  received  honorary  decrees  from  the  university, 
of  whom  144  are  now  living.  The  whole  amount  of  ; 
the  fu  mis  of  the  university,  not  including  the  grounds 
and  the  older  college  buildings,  is  SS25.445.93.  The 
average  number  of  students  is  about  275. 

Brownfield,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  1773. 

and  in  earlv  life  was  converted  and  called  into  the 
ministry.  He  was  pastor  of  the  churches  at  Smith- 
lield  and  I'niontown,  Pa.,  where  his  labors  were 
chietly  expended,  and  was  instrumental  in  organ 
izing  a  church  in  Stewartstown.  Following  the 
apostolic  example  of  many  of  our  fathers  in  the 
ministry,  he  traveled  extensively,  and  preached 
wherever  he  went.  Several  counties  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  parts  of  West  Virginia  and  Ohio,  heard 
from  him  the  Messed  gospel.  He  was  a  sound  divine, 
an  able  preacher,  and  a  fearless  advocate  of  the  truth. 
His  efforts  were  extensively  blessed.  He  died  Jan. 
IS.  1S59,  after  being  a  preacher  sixty-five  years. 
Browning,  Francis  P.— As  early  as  1S26, 

when  as  yet  there  had  been  no  Baptist  meetings  in 
Detroit,  Mr.  Browning,  from  England,  a  young 
merchant  in  the  city,  had.  as  a  faithful  church  mem 
ber,  connected  himself  with  the  Baptists  at  Pon- 
tiac.  The  next  year  he  entered  into  the  organiza 
tion  of  the  church  in  Detroit,  and  became  its  leading 
spirit  until  his  death  from  cholera,  in  1834.  He 
was  of  superior  intelligence  and  great  Christian  en 
terprise.  He  made  the  wants  of  Detroit  known 
throughout  the  country.  He  led  the  social  meet 
ings  and  the  Sabbath  worship;  secured,  largely  at 
his  own  cost,  the  erection  of  the  iirst  small  chapel, 
and  the  second  commodious  brick  edifice;  .superin 
tended  the  Sunday-school  ;  performed  deacon's 
duties,  and  made  them  include  all  pastoral  work: 


and  b-d  the  little  society  in  its  Christian  career. 
He  fell  under  the  stroke  of  the  pestilence  as  he 
was  hastening  to  and  fro  through  the  wasted  and 
frightened  citv  ministering  to  others.  Noble  first 
standard-bearer  of  our  cause  in  the  metropolis  of 
the  State. 

Broyles,  Rev.  Moses,  was  born  about  1*20,  on 
the  Kastern  Shore  of  Maryland.  After  some 
changes  in  his  situation  he  became  the  property 
of  a  planter  named  Broyies.  wdio.  in  1*31.  moved 
from  Tennessee  to  Kentucky.  When  a  lad  he  was 
so  faithful  and  kind  that  the  children  of  his  master 
were  often  left  in  his  can;.  Gradually,  also,  he 
be^an  to  be  intrusted  with  the  affairs  of  the  farm. 
When  lie  was  about  fourteen  years  old  his  master 
told  him  that  if  lie  would  continue  a  good  boy  he 
should  have  his  freedom  in  1*54.  In  1*51  In-  pro 
posed  to  buy  the  rest  of  his  time,  and  the  bargain 
was  made.  After  a  few  months  he  bought  a  horse 
and  then  a  dray,  and  so  made  money  more  rapidly. 
and  soon  paid  the  price  of  his  freedom.  He  had 
cultivated  a  decided  taste  for  history,  having  learned 
to  read.  He  read  the  Old  Testament  through  twice, 
and  the  New  five  times;  lie  then  turned  his  atten 
tion  to  such  works  as  the  History  of  the  I'nited 
States,  the  Lives  of  Washington  and  Marion.  A. 
Campbell's  writings,  Barnes's  •'  Notes."  Benedict's 
"  History  of  the  Baptists,"  etc.  Having  learned 
of  the  institution  at  College  Hill,  Jefferson  County, 
he  came  there  in  1854.  He  remained  in  it  nearly 
three  years.  He  gave  his  principal  attention  to 
science,  Latin,  and  Greek.  "That  school,  even  if 
it  had  done  nothing  more,  justified  its  claim  to  rec 
ognition  by  the  successful  education  of  Rev.  Moses 
Broyles,  the  leader  of  the  colored  Baptists  of  In 
diana."  He  was  converted  in  his  seventeenth 
year.  At  that  time  there  was  active  agitation  in 
Kentucky  upon  ''mission"  and  "anti-mission" 
questions,  and  also  about  the  doctrines  set  forth 
by  Alexander  Campbell.  Mr.  Broyles  joined  Mr. 
Campbell's  sect.  When  he  went  to  Paducah  he 
united  with  the  Baptists,  and  helped  to  build  the 
first  colored  Baptist  meeting-house  in  that  place. 
There  was  a  great  effort  made  to  persuade  him  to 
remain  with  the  Campbellists,  but  he  had  can 
vassed  the  whole  matter,  and  he  must  be  a  Baptist. 
In  1857  he  went  to  Indianapolis  and  began 
teaching  school.  He  soon  commenced  to  preach 
for  the  Second  church.  He  was  ordained  Nov.  21. 
1857.  The  church  rapidly  increased  in  numbers. 
The  church  has  a  house  and  lot  which  cost  S25.000 ; 
it  is  the  mother  of  six  colored  churches  organized 
since  1800.  Since-  1857  it  has  sent  21  men  into  the 
ministry.  When  Mr.  Broyles  came  to  Indianapolis 
there  was  no  Association  of  the  colored  Baptists 
of  the  State.  Chiefly  through  his  energy  and  fore 
sight  and  fidelity  the  Indiana  Association  has  now 
(statistics  of  1877)  53  churches  and  3482  members. 


BRYAN 


155 


BUCHANAN 


The  church  of  which  Mr.  Broyles  is  pastor  has  645 
members. 
Bryan,  Rev.  Andrew,  colored,  th<>  first  pastor 

of  the  First  colored  church  of  Savannah.  The 
church  was  organized  by  Rev.  Abraham  Marshall, 
of  Kiokee.  in  1788.  and  Andrew  Bryan  continued 
its  pastor  until  his  death,  in  October.  1812.  He 
stood  exceedingly  high  in  public  estimation,  and 
brought  great  numbers  into  bis  church.  When  he 
was  young  he  was  persecuted  for  preaching;  but 
Avhen  he  died  the  Sunbury  Association  adopted  a 
complimentary  resolution  of  regret  concerning  him, 
and  the  white  Baptist  and  Presbyterian  ministers 
of  Savannah  delivered  addresses  in  his  honor. 

Bryan,  Hon.  Nathan,  a  man  of  reputation, 
piety,  and  wealth,  was  born  in  Jones  Co.,  N.  C.  ; 
was  baptized  when  eighteen  by  llev.  Mr.  McDaniel, 
and  represented  his  county  in  the  General  Assem 
bly.  In  1794  he  was  elected  to  Congress  from  the 
Newborn  district.  lie  died  in  1798,  and  was 
buried  in  the  yard  of  a  Baptist  church,  probably 
old  Sansom  Street,  in  Philadelphia. 

Bryant,  Rev.  Daniel,  one  of  the  pioneers 
among  Ohio  Baptists,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in 
the  year  1800.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  was 
converted,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at 
Lyon<,  X.  Y.  In  the  year  1824,  having  removed  to 
Ohio,  he  was  ordained  by  the  Mill  Creek  chuivh. 
For  more  than  fifty  years  he  devoted  himself  to  the 
building  up  of  the  cause  of  Christ  in  Southern 
Ohio.  In  the  face  of  great  opposition  he  was  the 
friend  of  missions  and  ministerial  education. 
When  in  1836  the  old  Miami  Association  excluded 
the  churches  of  Cincinnati,  Middletown,  Lebanon. 
and  Dayton  for  sympathy  with  missions,  Father 
Bryant  went  cheerfully  with  the  minority,  lie 
was  liberal  in  giving,  steadfast  in  his  convictions, 
simple  in  his  life.  His  labors  were  abundant,  and 
often  attended  with  hardship.  He  died  in  the  year 
1875,  with  the  harness  on,  having  been  stricken 
down  iii  the  pulpit  while  preaching,  only  a  few 
hours  before  he  passed  away.  He  was  a  favorite 
with  both  old  and  young,  and  will  be  long  remem 
bered  as  one  of  the  sainted  few  who  laid  the  foun 
dations  of  Baptist  churches  in  Ohio,  and  for  many 
years  preached  in  faithful  simplicity  the  Word  of 
life. 

Bryce,  Rev.  John,  was  born  of  Scotch  parents 
in  Goochland  Co..  Ya.,  May  31,  1784.  His  parents 
were  strict  churchmen,  and  he  was  confirmed  in  the 
Episcopal  Church.  Under  the  preaching  of  the 
celebrated  Andrew  Broadus,  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one,  he  was  convicted  of  sin,  was  converted,  and 
united  with  a  small  Baptist  church  in  his  native 
county.  About  the  same  period  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar.  He  soon  began  to  exhort  sinners  to 
repent,  and  in  the  course  of  two  or  three  years  was 
ordained.  For  a  considerable  period  he  practiced 


law  and  preached  the  gospel  in  Richmond  and 
Lynchburg.  He  was  master  in  chancery  some  years 
under  Chief  Justice  Marshall.  In  18 1()  he  was 
chosen  assistant  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Richmond,  the  aged  and  infirm  Rev.  John 
Courtney  being  the  nominal  pastor,  lie  remained 
in  this  position  (except  during  a  brief  period  in 
which  Rev.  Andrew  Broadus  filled  it)  until  lX2i'. 
He  was  one  year  chaplain  in  the  U.  S.  armv, 
during  the  war  of  1812-15.  In  1822  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  at  Fredericks- 
burg,  Ya.  After  preaching  there  two  years  he  be 
came  pastor  of  a  church  in  Alexandria.  Ya..  where 
he  remained  one  year,  and  then  returned  to  Fred- 
ericksbnrg. 

Mr.  Bryce  was  one  of  the  principal  movers  in  the 
erection  of  Columbian  College.     He  was  also  an  ac 
tive  member  of  the  American  Colonization  Society, 
and  at  one  time  liberated  about  40  of  his  own  slaves 
and  sent  them   to   Liberia.     In    1827  he  moved   to 
Georgetown,  Ivy.,  where  he  established   himself  in 
the  practice  of  law.  and  took  a  prominent  part  in 
the  political  affairs  of  the  State,  as  well  as  in  the 
establishment  of  Georgetown  College.      In  1832  he 
located   in  Crawfordsville.  Tnd.      Here  he  remained 
ten  years,  preaching  and  practicing  law,  and  rep 
resenting   his  county  in   the   State    Legislature    at 
least  one    term.      In    1844  he  was   appointed   sur 
veyor  of  Shreveport.    La.      This  was  pending  th 
annexation  of  Texas  to  the  United  States,  and  Mr. 
Bryce  is  supposed   to  have  been    President  Tyler's 
confidential  agent  in  that  important  affair.     After 
his  term  of  office  expired  he  was  elected   mayor  of 
Shreveport.       While  here    he  performed    the  most 
important  work  of  his  life  in  the  ministry.     When 
he    arrived  at    Shreveport,   in    1844,   he    supposed 
there  was  not  a  Baptist  church  or  another  Baptist 
preacher  within   200  miles   of  him;   when   he  left 
there   in    1851    there  were   about  20  churches  and 
two  Associations   in  that  region.      He  was   instru 
mental  in  accomplishing  this  great  work  while  the 
ground  was  contested  by  Bishop  Polk.      In    1851, 
Mr.    Bryce    returned    to    Kentucky,   and   the   next 
year  took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Hender 
son,  in  that  State.      Hen;  he  spent  the  evening  of  a 
long  and  eventful  life.      He  died  July  26,  1864. 

Buchanan,  James,  was  born  at  Ringoes,  N.  J., 
June  17,  1839;  studied  at  the  Clinton  Academy; 
entered  the  law-office  of  John  T.  Bird,  Esq.,  in 
I860:  attended  the  law  school  at  Albanv.  and  wa> 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  the  fall  of  1864.  He  wa - 
reading  clerk  in  the  Assembly  in  1866,  and  was 
appointed  law  judge  of  Mercer  County  in  1874. 
The  university  in  Lewisburg  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  in  1875. 

He  and  his  brother  -Joseph  joined  the  Chorry- 
ville  Baptist  church  on  the  same  day  in  March, 
1865.  Judge  Buchanan  has  identified  himself  fully 


with  the  cause  of  (Mid.  and  -land-  in   ihc  fore  IVunt  and   some  of  them,  more   tlian   once,  by    lire-light, 

of  pastors'    helpers   in   Trenion.    \\  li.-n-    lie   resides.  besides    such    histories   and    scientific   works   as   he 

On  the  death  of  lion.  l>.  M.  NV'ils, .u.  in    I  >7-'l.  .Jud-'e  could   procure    from  a  public   library  of  which    his 

Buchanan    was    heartilv    cho-  n    io    tli,.    >>residencv  father  was  a  share-holder.     His  thirst  for  knowledge 


of  the  New   -Jersey    Baptist    ' 
has    been    annually    re-elect 
benevolent,    and    educational 
quently  called  upon,  and  ii-    ; 
voice  and  influence. 

Buchanan,  Joseph  C., 

X.  .)..  March  27,  1S41.     lie  - 
class  of  Madison  I'liiversitv 
graduated  in    ISf>(>.   taking   ' 
course  three  years  later.    W;c- 
church   at   Scotch    Plains.  N . 
labored  there  until  Sept.  1 . 
istry  there  a  fine  meeting-hi.' 
of  s:-)4.0nn.      In    September. 
became   pastor   of  the   ehtir  • 
is    a    good    theologian,  a    th-  > 
has  been  prospered  in  winning    -on 

Buck,  Rev.  William  Calmes. 

Buck  and  Mary  Hichardson.  -\  a-  b.n 
in  Shenandoah  (no\v  Warre:i  Co.. 
was  a  farmer  in  good  circum-ianc" 

such   advantages   as   were1   c > em 

which  did  not,  satisfy  his  de-ire* 
education.  He  told  his  faih"i-  ih 
linquish  all  (daim  on  his  e.-ta:-'  il 
him  off  to  a  good  school  for  on.  VIM 
was  not  willing  to  make  an\  di-i'i 
cation  among  his  children.  ^  I" I 
all  the  volumes  of  the  '•  I'n-iii-h 


II  \x    ,,\.  KKV.    WILLIAM     CAL.MKS     IUTK. 

r,-it-'    C, invention.  an<l  wa-  so  great  that  he  continued  to  improve  himself, 

1.       In    :i--ociational.  until    in  middle  age    he  acquired   such  an  aequaint- 

inierc-i-    lie    is    fre-  ance   with    the    (ireek    and    Hebrew    languages    as 

lwa\.-    ready  with  hi-  enabled    him  to   read   the    Scriptures   in    those   lan 
guages    with    pleasure.      For   some    years   he   was 

a-    burn    ;ii     Ilinirocs.  occupied  in  farming,  which  he  relinquished  to  give 

it.-n-d   ih..  Sophomore  himself    entirely    to    the    Christian    ministry,    and 

i,    i),-robi-r.  lSf'>3,  and  joined   the  Water  Lick  Baptist  church.  Va..  in  his 

!<•    decree   of   A.M.  in  seventeenth    year.       Commenced    public    speaking 

,,1-dained  ji-vstor  o!'  the  soon    after,  but   was   not  ordained    till    ISl'J.      He 

.1..  (>.-r.    I.   ISI>7.      He  then  became  pastor  of  the  church  of  which  lie  was 

7>.       huriiig  his  min-  a    member.      Was  a   lieutenant   in    the    l;.  S.  army 

-,•  v\a-  built,  at  a  cost  durinu'  the  war  of  1S12.      Moved  to  rnion  Co.,  Ky.. 

|s7S.    Mr.     Buchanan  in   I  Si><).  where  he  had  the  care  of  several  churches, 

,    ;1|    IViuberton.      He  and  resided   for  a  short  time  in  Wood  ford  County, 

i ./.i i  fit!    pi-'-acher.  and  During  all  these  years  his  time  was  filled  with  most 

IM;   ...uU.  ,  laborious   missionary  work.     Moved   to    Louisville 

-on    of  Charles  in    |s;'>f>    and    assumed    the    pastorate    of  the   First 

•ii  Ai.ir.  -•'.  17VKI.  church  :   he  soon  resigned   the  can'  of  it.  and.  with 

Va.      His  father  a  few  others,  formed   the  Hast  church,  to  which  he 

-,  and  gave  him  furnished   a   house  and   preached   until  it  was   able 

in    ihose   days.  to  sustain  itself.      Was  editor  of  the  Hitjifist  H<n\n<r 

lor  ;i    thorough  and  Jl>,v/m<  Pioneer  during  most  of  his  residence 

:ii    he  would   re-  ,  in  Louisville.      Was  elected  secretary  of  the   Bible 

h"  would    send  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  at  Xash- 

i.  but  his  father  ville,  Tenn..  May.  1S51,  in  which  position   he  con- 

etiou  as  to  edu-  tinned  until  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist 

c  n    bov  he  read  church,  Columbus,  Miss..  March.  1S54;  continued  in 

l-.in-velopcedia."  this  ])osition  till  May.  IS.YT.  when  he  accepted  a  call 


to  the  Greenborough  church,  Ala.  The  next  year. 
1858,  he  served  the  church  at  Selma,  Ala.  In  the 
fall  of  1859,  having  moved  to  Marion,  Ala.,  he  com 
menced  the  publication  of  The  Baptist  C'orre^poitil- 
cut.  but  after  two  years  it  was  suspended  by  the 
events  of  the  war,  and  he  went  to  the  Confederate 
army  as  a  missionary,  laboring  wherever  he  thought 
he  could  be  most  useful.  In  18(14  he  located  at 
Lauderdale  Springs,  Miss.,  as  superintendent  of 
the  Orphans'  Home,  and  also  had  the  care  of  the 
Sharon  church,  Xoxubce  Co.,  Miss.,  till  he  remuved 
to  Texas,  in  J800.  He  had  not  the  care  of  any 
church  in  Texas,  but  continued  to  labor  for  the 
Master  by  word  and  pen  so  long  as  his  health  per 
mitted.  Died  at  Waco,  Texas.  May  18.  187:2.  He 
was  an  earnest  worker  in  all  enterprises  of  the 
denomination.  Gifted  by  nature  with  a  ringing. 
powerful  voice,  fluent  speech,  and  a  retentive  mem 
ory,  he  was  unsurpassed  as  a  platform  speaker.  I  le 
was  often  elected  a  vice-president  of  the  Southern 
Baptist,  Convention.  He  prepared  and  published 
"The  Baptist  Hymn-Book,"  "  The  Philosophy  of 
Religion."  and  "  The  Science  of  Life." 


CHARLES    AI.VAII     HrCKIMOK.    U.D. 

Buckbee,  Charles  Alvah,  D.D.,  was  bom  in 

Penn  Yan,  N.  Y..  April  3,  1824.  In  1835  his  parents 
moved  to  New  York  City.  He  was  converted  in 
1S.T7,  and  joined  a  Methodist  class.  In  18M'.)  he 
united  with  the  Tabernacle  Baptist  church,  and  soon 
after  devoted  himself  to  the  ministry,  entering  Madi 
son  University  in  May,  1840,  and  graduating  in  Aug 
ust,  1848.  Settled  as  pastor  at  Conway,  Mass.,  Oct. 
6,  1848  •  was  blessed  with  two  revivals  and  bap 
tized  many  converts.  In  March,  1851,  he  resigned  ; 


moved  to  \eu  Yt.rk:  \vas  associate  editor  of  the 
Xew  York  1'ln-»n!<-l>;  and  in  June,  1852,  entered 
the  r-ervice  o!  ihe  A  n;..-rican  Bible  Union,  in  which 
he  remained  a-  MI  >iiieer  and  manager  seventeen 
\ears.  He  ua-  -m.  of  the  editors  of  the  first  vol 
umes  of  \(-  "  I  >oen  >,i'-ntarv  History,''  the  Bi///e 
Cn ion  Minitlilii.  and  '  iie  Quart* rli/.  In  1807  he 
visited  the  Pacili,-  e-.ast  as  a  special  delegate  of 
the  Union,  ami  In-ld  nvo  public  debates  on  revision 
of  the  Eng!i-l.  Scripuires.  The  debates  were  pub 
lished  and  \\idelvcii-i-ulated.  During  his  connec 
tion  with  liie  I'liinii  he  established  the  Baptist 
church  in  \V.->i  ll»l.oken,  X.  •).  :  was  its  juistor 
nearly  ten  \c-ar-.  aiei  immersed  nearly  150  con- 
ve-rts  into  ii-  l'c!!ow-!iip.  In -June,  180(.l.  he  settled 
permanent  i  •.  in  San  Francisco,  Cal.  ;  was  nearly 
three  year-  paMor  ,.f  the  Fifth  church,  which  lie 
organized,  and  iutu  wi.ose  membership  he  baptized 
nearlv  1'X'  cnnvcrt-.  lie  edited,  for  live  years.  The 
Hr«n<i<'l.  and  eoniinu  -s  in  the  conduct  of  it*  Sun- 
dav-schooi  departmenf-.  In  all  Baptist  organiza 
tions  he  ha-  been  a--;ive,  as  secretary  of  the  State 
Convention.  pre«-i«|fui  one  year  of  the  Board  of 
California  <  .die-,-,  and  member  of  the  Missionary 
Board  of  <  'alil-mia.  In  187(J  he  received  from 
California  C, ,,;,--,  ii,e  degree  of  D.D.  In  187<>  he 


accepted    a    p 
Mill   hold:-,   a 
feeble  churc 
his  ministry 
val>  and  ba 


Bucknei    College 

at  \Vichervill 
>as.  in  charg 
the  patrona- 
of  \orth\\  >•--; 
ment  was  o 


i    in   the   U.   S.   Mint,  which    he 

.u-.Ji  not  a  pastor  preaches  to 
n  ;-i  •/  every  Lord's  day.  During 
-  i":l]ied  pastors  in  many  revi- 
uli.jut  400  converts.  He  is  one 
of  the  mo.-  i  L<|M>I-;..II-  men  in  the  Baptist  ministry 
of  the  Pacific  ,-oa-i. 

is  a  new  institution  located 
northeastern  part  of  Arkan- 
E.  L.  Compere.  It  is  under 
\  tin-  Baptist  (Jeneral  Association 
ArLmsas.  The  collegiate  depart 
iii  September,  1880. 
Buckner,  Rev.  Xerxes  Xavier,  A.M.—  This 
excellent  iniiiUii-i-  oi  Christ  was  born  in  S|-encer 
Co..  Kv..  r'eli.  'jn.  l^l!^.  He  was  converted  at  the 
:IM-,.  of  nin.-  .....  i.  \,.;ir-.  and  united  with  the  Pluml* 
Creek  Hapii-i  cluirch  in  his  native  county.  He 
graduated  m  i  ;,-,,r-.-Mjwn  College.  Ky..  and  was 
ordained  in  ill.  .  Inn-.-h  where  he  was  converted. 
and  laboreii  \\iili  -  r^at  acceptance  for  years  at 
Tavlorsviile  and  l-'i-i;  -rville.  In  1855  he  removed 
to  Missouri,  and  w,\*  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  that  educ;1ii',iial  .-.-utre,  and  aided  in  establish 
ing  the  scln.o!  now  known  as  Stephen  College.  In 
1800  he  located  :,-  pa-tor  in  Boonville.  Mo.  From 
over-exerti"ii  in  dnii-eli  and  school  work  his  health 
failed,  and  lie  r>  -moved  to  Kansas  City.  Mo.,  where 
he  engaged  a>  pa-ior  at  West  Port,  and  performed 
evangelistic  work  ibr  one  year;  then  he  removed 
to  Liberty.  Mo.,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  and  pre-id«-nt  of  the  Female  Seminary 


158 


lil'LKLKY 


The  second  year  lie  resigned  the  pastorate  but 
retained  the  school,  and  at  the  end  of  the  third 
year  he  returned  to  Kansas  City,  where  lie  lived 
till  -June  19.  1X72.  when  he  died.  For  years  he, 
was  trustee!  of  William  -Jewell  College  and  presi 
dent  of  the  Board  of  .'Ministerial  Kducation.  He 
was  presiding  ollicer  at  the  last  General  Associa 
tion  he  attended.  He  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Public,  Schools  in  Kansas  City,  and 
the  presidency  of  the  Kansas  City  National  Bank 
was  literally  forced  upon  him.  As  a  minister  of 
Christ,  a  peace-maker  in  our  last,  war.  a  public-spir 
ited  citi/.en.  an  humble  Christian,  Brother  Buckner 
has  few  equals;  and  no  spot  dims  his  bright  char 
acter. 

Blickner,  Rev.  Robert  C.,  was  born  in  Madi- 
sonyille.  Tenn.,  Jan.  3,  1837;  educated  in  (leor^e- 
town  College,  Ky.  ;  professed  religion  October, 


REV.    ROUKUT    ('.   liUCKM'.R. 

1844.  and  commenced  his  ministry  at  Somerset. 
Ky..  in  18.V2;  was  pastor  at  Albany.  Owensborough, 
Salvisa,  Kv.,  and  Paris,  Texas,  twenty-seven  years 
in  all.  He  was  the  first  agent  in  Kentucky  of  the 
Home  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Con 
vention  :  was  twelve  years  moderator  of  lied  River 
Association,  Texas;  is  now  general  superintendent 
of  Orphan  Home  work  in  Texas,  president  of  the 
Sunday-School  Convention  of  Northern  Texas,  and 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  Texas  Baptist  Gen 
eral  Association.  lie  is  editor  and  proprietor,  at 
this  time,  of  the  Texas  Baptist,  published  at  Dallas. 
He  is  also  proprietor  of  the  Texas  Baptist  Publish 
ing  House. which  is  in  a  flourishing  condition. 
Buel,  Rev.  Abel  P.,  was  born  in  "Wallirigford, 


Conn.,  Nov.  29,  1820;  converted  and  bapti/.ed  at 
New  Haven,  Conn.,  in  April,  1X31)  ;  studied  at  Con 
necticut  Literary  Institution  ;  entered  Yale  College 
in  1X43,  and  remained  till  ls4d  ;  received  the  de 
gree  of  A.M.  from  Rochester  University;  ordained 
at  Peekskill,  X.  V.,  1X40,  and  served  about  three 
years;  pastor  of  Baptist  church  in  Tarrvtown, 
X.  Y.,  about  nine  years  ;  afterwards  settled  in  Xew 
London  and  Southington,  Conn.  ;  was  blessed  with 
revivals  in  his  pastorates  ;  fervent  in  spirit,  earnest 
in  work,  eloquent  in  speech  :  an  easv  and  graceful 
writer;  withal  a  poet  whose  productions  have 
merit  ;  now  in  Cleveland,  0. 

Buist,  Rev.   James  F.,  was  bom   Sept.  129, 

1X39,  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  His  parents  died  when 
he  was  eight  years  of  age.  but  his  uncle.  ]•].  T. 
Buist,  D.D.,  took  him  in  charge.  He  was  educated 
at  Furmaii  University.  lie  was  baptized  in  1X09, 
and  ordained  in  1  Sb'O. 

During  the  war  he  was  a  chaplain  in  the  army, 
and  since  its  termination  he  has  been  pastor  of  the 
Philadelphia  and  Saltkehatchie  churches.  lie  has 
been  moderator  of  the  Barnwell  Association  for 
seveval  years. 

1 1  is  father  and  uncle  were  distinguished  Presby 
terian  ministers,  one  of  his  brothers  is  a  pastor  in 
the  same  denomination,  while  another  and  himself 
are  in  the  oldest  church  in  Christendom,  to  whose 
members  Christ  preached  when  he  was  on  earth. 

The  long  pastorates  of  James,  and  the  frequency 
of  his  election  as  moderator  of  the  Association,  show 
the  esteem  of  his  brethren  for  him. 

Blllkley,  Justin,  D.D.— Dr.  Bulkier,  Professor 
of  Church  History  and  Church  Polity  at  Shurtleff 
College,  was  born  at  Leicester,  Livingston  Co., 
X.  Y.,  July  23,  181.9.  His  father,  an  industrious 
farmer,  and  a  man  of  high  character,  removed 
subsequently  to  Illinois,  and  died  at  Barry,  July 
24,  1X59,  his  wife  surviving  him  only  a  few  years. 
The  son  was  seventeen  years  of  age  at  the  date  of 
this  removal  to  Illinois.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
three  he  entered  the  preparatory  department  of 
Shurtleff  College,  his  education  until  that  time 
being  such  as  the  imperfect  school  system  in  Cen 
tral  Illinois  then  afforded.  He  graduated  in  1847. 
His  first  post  of  service  was  that  of  principal  of 
the  preparatory  department  in  his  college,  to  which 
he  was  chosen  immediately  upon  his  graduation. 
Two  years  later,  in  February.  1X49.  he  was  or 
dained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Jerseyville. 
After  four  years  of  unusually  successful  service  in 
this  pastorate,  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Mathe 
matics  in  Shurtleff  College,  resigning  that  position 
in  18")"),  and  becoming  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Carroll  ton.  After  nine  years  at  Carrollton  he  re 
turned  to  Upper  Alton,  the  seat  of  Shurtleff  Col 
lege,  and  at  the  end  of  a  year  accepted  the  post  in 
the  college  which  he  now  fills. 


UULLKX 


159 


BUNYAN 


Dr.  Bulkley's  service  in  the  several  positions  he 
lias  held  has  been  one  of  marked  usefulness.  As 
a  preacher,  he  has  a  peculiar  power  over  the  sym 
pathies  as  well  as  the  convictions  of  his  hearers. 
As  a  pastor,  his  excellent  judgment,  his  kind  spirit, 
his  sympathetic  nature,  make  him  the  trusted  friend 
no  less  than  the  honored  leader  and  teacher.  As  a 
professor,  he  has  always  gained  in  a  peculiar  de 
gree  the  confidence  and  affection  of  his  pupils, 
while  his  teaching  has  been  thorough,  critical,  and 
exact.  The  estimation  in  which  he  is  held  by  the 
denomination  in  the  State  is  shown  by  his  election 
during  .successive  years  as  moderator  of  the  Gen 
eral  Association,  and  in  the  fact  that  since  the  year 
1851  the  often  delicate  and  important  service  of 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Elections  in  the 
General  Association  has,  year  by  year,  been  com 
mitted  to  him. 

Bullen,  George,  D.D.,  was  born  in  New  Sharon, 
Me.  lie  graduated  at  Waterville  College  in  the 
class  of  1855,  and  at  the  Xewton  Theological  In 
stitution  in  the  class  of  1858.  lie  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Skowhegan,  Me.,  June  13, 
1800.  where  he  remained  until,  in  18('>3.  he  accepted 
an  appointment  as  chaplain  in  a  regiment  of  U.  S. 
volunteers.  Ife  ministered  to  the  Wakefield  Bap 
tist  church,  18G4-G7.  and  entered  upon  his  duties 
as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Pawtucket,  It.  I.,  in 
1868,  and  continues  in  this  relation  at  this  time. 
Colby  University  has  just  conferred  on  him  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Bunn,  Rev.  Henry,  was  born  in  Xash  Co., 
N.  C.,  Dec.  18,  1795.  lie  was  left  an  orphan  at  an 
early  age.  lie  moved  in  1817  to  Twiggs  Co.,  Ga., 
where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life.  l>y 
steady  industry  ami  prudent  management  he  accu 
mulated  a  handsome  estate,  which  he  shared  liber 
ally  with  benevolent  institutions  and  good  and  wise 
schemes  for  the  benefit  of  his  fellow-men,  lie  for 
years  acted  as  justice  of  the  peace  and  judge  of 
the  County  Court,  and  between  1825  and  1831  he 
represented  his  county  in  several  sessions  of  the 
State  General  Assembly.  lie  made  a  public  pro 
fession  of  religion  in  1837,  and  thenceforth  scru 
pulously  practiced  all  his  religions  duties.  His 
church  called  him  to  the  gospel  ministry  in  1851, 
and  on  the  7th  of  December  in  that  year  lie  was 
ordained.  For  several  years  he  was  pastor  of  the 
Richland  church  ;  for  many  sessions  he  was  mod 
erator  of  the  Ebene/er  Association,  and,  also,  a 
trustee  of  Mercer  University  and  a  member  of  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Con 
vention.  He  was  eminently  a  pacificator  by  his 
influence  and  prudent  counsels  :  he  settled  or  pre 
vented  many  troubles  among  neighbors  and  in 
churches;  he  was  scrupulously  honest,  fair,  and 
liberal  in  all  transactions;  many  widows  and  or 
phans  found  in  him  a  friend  and  a  wise  counselor. 


In  all  the  relations  of  life,  as  husband,  father,  citi 
zen,  church  member,  and  minister,  he  illustrated 
the  characteristics  of  a  genuine  Christian,  no  blot 
ever  stained  his  fair  fame;  yet,  looking  heaven 
ward,  he  felt  the  power  and  ruin  of  sin,  and  for 
salvation  trusted  in  the  merits  of  -Jesus  only.  lie 
passed  away  peacefully  on  the  morning  of  Sept. 
23,  1878,  in  the  sixty-first  year  of  his  residence  in 
Twiggs  County,  and  in  the  eighty-third  year  of  his 
age. 

Bunyan,  Rev.  John,  was  born  at  Elstow,  Eng 
land,  about  a  mile  from  Bedford,  in  1G28.  His 
father  was  a  man  of  more  intelligence  than  those 
who  generally  followed  his  calling,  and  he  had  John 
taught  to  read  and  write.  When  the  little  boy  was 
ten  years  of  age  he  first  became  conscious  that  he 
was  very  sinful.  He  speedily  shook  off  these  fears. 
lie  was  "  drawn  out"  in  1045,  with  others,  at  the 
siege  of  Leicester  to  perform  sentinel's  duty  before 
the  city,  when  another  member  of  his  company  ex 
pressed  a  desire  to  take  his  place  ;  the  request  was 
granted,  and  that  night  Bunyan's  substitute  was 
shot  in  the  head  and  died.  This  deliverance  pro 
duced  a  powerful  impression  upon  Bunyan. 

Soon  after  he  left  the  army  he  married,  and  his 
wife  and  he  wen;  so  poor  that  they  had  neither  a 
"  dish  nor  a  spoon.'' 

II is  first  permanent  conviction  of  sin  was  pro 
duced  by  a  sermon  denouncing  the  violation  of  the 
Lord's  day  by  labor,  sports,  or  otherwise.  This 
came  home  to  Bunyan  with  peculiar  force,  for  his 
greatest  enjoyment  came  from  sports  on  the  Lord's 
day. 

A  long  while  after  this,  Bunyan,  in  passing 
through  the  streets  of  Bedford,  heard  ''  three  or 
four  poor  women,''  sitting  at  a  door,  "  talking 
about  the  new  birth,  the  Avork  of  God  in  their 
hearts,  and  the  way  by  which  they  were  convinced 
of  their  miserable  state  by  nature.  Thev  told  how 
God  had  visited  their  souls  with  his  love  in  Christ 
Jesus,  and  with  what  words  and  promises  thev 
had  been  refreshed,  comforted,  and  supported 
against  the  temptations  of  the  devil ;  moreover, 
they  reasoned  of  the  suggestions  and  temptations 
of  Satan  in  particular."  From  these  women  Bun 
yan  learned  to  loathe  sin  and  to  hunger  for  (he 
Saviour.  He  sought  their  company  again  and 
again,  and  he  was  strengthened  to  go  to  Jesus. 
One  day,  as  he  was  passing  into  the  fields,  he  savs, 
"This  sentence  fell  upon  my  soul,  '  Thy  righteous 
ness  is  in  heaven.'  I  also  saw  that  it  was  not  my 
good  frame  of  heart  that  made  my  righteousness 
better,  nor  yet  my  bad  frame  that  made  my  right 
eousness  worse,  for  mv  righteousness  was  Jesus 
Christ  himself,  the  same  yesterday,  to-day,  and 
forever.''  Then,  as  he  says,  •' his  chains  fell  off," 
and  he  went  home  rejoicing.  In  1055,  Mr.  Bun 
yan  was  immersed  by  the  Rev.  John  Gifford,  of 


BUNYAN 


161 


BUR  BANK 


Bedford.     The   same  year  he  was  called  to  preach 
the  gospel. 

Bunyan  was  arrested  Nov.  12,  1660,  and  he  was 
in  jail  more  than  twelve  years.  His  imprisonment 
was  peculiarly  trying.  "  The  parting  with  my 
wife  and  poor  children.''  says  Banyan,  "hath 
often  been  to  me,  in  this  place  (the  prison),  like 
[Hilling  the  flesh  from  my  bones.''  And  of  his 
blind  daughter  he  adds,  "  Poor  child,  what  sorrow 
tliou  art  like  to  have  for  thy  portion  in  this  world  ! 
Thou  must  be  beaten,  must  beg,  suffer  hunger, 
cold,  nakedness,  and  a  thousand  calamities,  though 
I  cannot  now  endure  the  wind  should  blow  upon 
thee."  "  The  Pilgrim's  Progress"  was  written  in 
Bedford  jail. 

During  Bunyan's  lifetime  there  were  100,000 
copies  of  that  book  circulated  in  the  British  islands, 
besides  which  there  were  several  editions  in  North 
America.  And  in  the  ten  years  which  Bnnyan 
lived,  after  his  wonderful  book  was  first  issued,  it 
was  translated  into  French,  Flemish,  Dutch,  Welsh, 
Gaelic,  and  Irish.  Since  Bunyan's  death  it  has 
been  translated  into  Hebrew  for  Christian  Jews  in 
Jerusalem,  and  into  Spanish,  Portuguese,  Italian, 
Danish,  German,  Armenian,  Burmese,  Singhalese, 
Orissa,  Hindostanee,  Bengalee.  Tamil,  Maratthi. 
Canare.se,  Gujarat  ti,  Malay,  Arabic,  Samoan,  Ta- 
hitian,  Pihuana,  Bechuana,  Malagasy,  Xew  /ea- 
land,  and  Latin.  This  list  of  translations  ends 
with  1847.  Since  that  time  it  has  been  rendered 
into  several  additional  tongues  of  our  race.  Nor 
will  ''The  Pilgrim's  Progress''  stop  in  its  travels 
until  it  visits  every  land  occupied  bv  human  beings, 
and  tells  its  blessed  story  in  the  language  of  all 
nations. 

There  is  a  French  Roman  Catholic  version  of 
"  The  Pilgrim's  Progress,''  greatly  abridged,  with 
the  head  of  the  Virgin  on  the  title-page.  It  leaves 
out  giant  Pope  and  the  statement  that  Peter  was 
afraid  of  a  sorry  girl.  An  English  ritualistic  cler 
gyman  has  tried  to  adapt  it  to  the  sacramental  jug 
glery  of  his  system.  Of  Bunyan's  "Holy  AVar" 
Lord  Macaulay  says,  '•  If  '  The  Pilgrim's  Progress' 
did  not  exist  it  would  be  the  best  allegory  that 
ever  was  written;''  and  he  proclaims  ''John  Bun 
yan  the  most  popular  religious  writer  in  the  English  • 
language.'' 

The    pardon   which    secured    Bunyan's    release  ! 
from   prison   was  ordered  by   the    Privy    Council,  i 
presided  over  by  the  king,  May  17,  1672.     After  ! 
his  liberation  lie  became  the  most  popular  preacher  j 
in  England  ;  3000  persons  gathered  to  hear  him  in  i 
London  before  breakfast.     Men  of  all   ranks  and 
of  all  grades  of  intelligence  listened  to  his  burning 
words,  and  heralded  the  fame  of  his  eloquence  to 
the  king.     The  learned  Dr.  John  Owen  told  Charles 
II.  that  he  would  relinquish  all  his   learning  for 
the  tinker's  preaching  abilities. 


While  Bunyan  was  journeying  upon  an  errand 
of  mercy  he  was  exposed  to  a  heavy  rain,  which 
brought  on  a  violent  fever,  from  the  effect  of  which 
he  died  in  ten  days,  in  London,  Aug.  12,  1688.  His 
last  hours  were  full  of  peace.  He  was  buried  in 
Bunhill  Fields  Cemetery,  where  his  monument  is 
still  seen. 

Bunyan's  church,  now  of  the  Congregational 
denomination,  is  still  in  Bedford.  His  chair  is  in 
the  meeting-house,  and  some  other  relics  of  the 
immortal  dreamer.  A  few  years  since  the  Duke  of 
Bedford  erected  a  handsome  monument  to  Bunyan 
in  Bedford,  on  which  a  statue  of  the  great  dreamer 
stands. 

•John  Bunyan  was  one  of  the  few  men  of  our  race 
who  possessed  genius  of  the  highest  order. 

Burbank,  Gideon  Webster,  was  born  at  Deer- 
field,  N.  II..  May  24.  18<>:->,  and  died  at  Rochester, 
N.  Y..  March  4,  1873.  His  father,  when  Gideon 
was  eighteen  years  of  age,  removed  to  New  York 
City,  and  gave  him  a  business  education.  Here  the 
son  remained  for  several  years  as  a  clerk  in  a  dr\ 
goods  house.  The  father  went  to  North  Carolina. 
and  became  a  successful  merchant.  Upon  his  death 
the  son  went  for  a  time  to  that  State  to  settle  his 
father's  affairs.  On  his  return  to  New  York  lie 
decided  to  go  into  business  for  himself,  and  in 
1824  fixed  upon  Kendall,  Orleans  Co.,  as  his  future; 
home.  The  region  was  then  just  emerging  from  a 
wilderness,  but  he  foresaw  the  opportunity  opening 
there  for  a  man  of  nerve  and  enterprise,  and  em 
bracing  it.  he  prospered  with  the  growth  of  the 
country.  At  length  he  found  a  better  field  for  his 
capacities  in  Rochester,  the  rising  city  of  West 
ern  New  York,  and  in  183',)  he  removed  there  to 
manufacture  flour,  for  which  that  city  is  so  cele 
brated.  Here,  honored  by  all  men,  hi:  lived,  illus 
trating  the  virtues  of  a  Christian  character  to  the 
ago  of  threescore  and  ten.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  that  city. 

His  interest  in  education  was  shown  by  the  gift 
of  §20.000  towards  the  endowment  of  the  professor 
ship  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Philosophy  which 
bears  his  name  in  the  University  of  Rochester. 
This  gift  was  supplemented  by  one  from  his  son- 
in-law,  Mr.  Lewis  Roberts,  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  the  university,  and  a  liberal  donor 
to  its  later  funds.  This  donation  to  the  young  in 
stitution  did  more  probably  than  any  sum  of  double 
the  amount  since  to  create  confidence  in  the  per 
manent,  success  of  the  enterprise.  He  will  always 
have  a  distinguished  place  among  the  founders  of 
the  university,  and  the  citizens  of  Rochester,  among 
whom  his  memory  is  warmly  cherished. 

Burbank,  Rev.  John  F.,  was  born  in  Standish, 
Me.,  in  1812,  but  spent  most  of  his  youth  in  Port 
land.  Immediately  on  his  conversion  he  decided  to 
enter  the  Christian  ministry.  He  spent  three  years 


BURG  HARD 


\(\'l 


nunciiKTT 


in  \Vatervillc  College,  and  graduated  at  Columbian 
College,  Washington.  !).('.  He  took  tlio  lull  three- 
years'  course  at  Newton,  and  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Taunt  on,  Mass.,  where  he  continued 

for  a  year,  and  then  settled  at  Webster.  Mass.  lie 
found  that  his  health  would  not  permit  him  to  ex- 
rivise  his  calling,  and,  having  purchased  a  farm 
near  Worcester,  he  retired  to  it  to  recruit  his  fail 
ing  strength.  Here  he  resided,  preaching  as  he 
felt  able,  and  trying  to  make  his  life  a  useful  one  in 
the  cause  of  his  Master,  lie  was  much  respected 
by  his  fellow-citizens,  filling  several  offices  of  honor 
and  trust,  and  among  them  at  one  time  that  of  presi 
dent  of  the  Common  Council  of  the  city  of  Wor 
cester.  He  died  Nov.  lf>,  IS."):). 

Burchard,  Hon.  Charles  A.,  late  of  Beaver 

Dam,  Wis.,  was  born  in  Leyden,  Lewis  Co.,  N.  Y. 
In  his  early  years  he  engaged  in  agricultural  pur 
suits  in  his  native  State.  When  quite  young  he 
obtained  a  hope  in  Christ  and  united  with  the  Bap 
tist  church.  lie  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  estab 
lishment  of  the  Literary  and  Theological  Institution 
at  Hamilton,  and  made  a  canvass  of  the  Baptist 
churches  in  Xew  York  and  Vermont  to  raise;  funds 
for  its  support.  In  1X45  he  removed  with  his 
family  to  Waukesha,  Wis.  Here  he  cultivated  a 
farm.  In  1X55.  Mr.  Burchard  moved  with  his 
family  to  Beaver  Dam,  which  has  since  been  the 
family  home.  lie  was  in  the  first  Territorial  Con 
vention,  which  met  in  1X4*>  to  form  a  State  consti 
tution.  He  has  served  his  district  for  several  ses 
sions  in  the  State  Legislature.  During  the  civil 
war  he  was  a  government  commissioner,  having  the 
oversight  of  the  raising  and  forwarding  of  troops. 
In  1X47  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Wisconsin 
Baptist  State  Convention,  to  which  position  he  was 
re-elected  for  five;  successive  years.  He  was  for 
manv  years  a  useful  member  of  the  board  of  Way- 
land  Academy.  In  all  the  early  history  of  the 
Baptists  in  the  State  he  was  a  prominent  actor. 
He  was  a  man  of  strong  convictions,  a  decided 
Baptist,  a  warm  friend  of  ministers  of  the  gospel, 
the  uncompromising  enemy  of  all  wrong  and  fraud. 
He  died  in  1879,  in  the  trust  and  triumph  of  the 
gospel  of  Christ. 

Burchard,  Hon.  Seneca  B.,  was  born  at  Granby, 
Mass..  Oct.  7.  1790.  At  seventeen  he  was  converted, 
and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  of  that  place. 
He  came  to  Hamilton,  X.  Y.,  in  1X25.  where  he 
united  with  the  Baptist  church,  and  identified  him 
self  with  the  institutions  of  learning  in  that  place. 

In  JX'2f)  he  became  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee,  also  treasurer,  steward,  and  agent.  In 
1834  he  was  the  building  agent  for  the  erection  of 
East  College.  He  continued  treasurer  for  twelve 
years,  a  member  of  the  Education  Board  for  thirty- 
ninc  years,  president  of  said  board  seven  years,  and 
twenty-five  years  vice-president. 


In  1X46,  the  dare  of  the  charter  of  Madison  Uni 
versity,  he  was  made  by  the  Legislature  one  of  the 
original  corporators,  and  was  elected  vice-president. 
He  died  at  Hamilton,  February.  186],  at  about 
seventy-one  years  of  age.  his  mind  still  strong  and 
vigorous,  and  his  faith  in  (iod  and  the  educational 
enterprise  at  Hamilton  unyielding.  He  was  one 
of  those  stalwart  men  whom,  in  those  earlv  times, 
L>r.  N.  Kendrick  drew  around  him  when  he  was 
the  energizing  spirit  at  Hamilton. 

Deacon  Burchard  was  no  ordinary  man.  lie  was 
massive;  and  solid  in  every  direction.  He  could 
endure  great  physical  exertion  as  well  as  mental 
strain.  .Not  easily  discouraged  or  thwarted  in  his 
plans,  slow  in  deliberation,  wise  in  counsel,  prompt 
in  execution,  when  IK;  had  received  an  appointment 
he  did  not  rest  till  he  was  sure;  of  its  accomplish 
ment.  As  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature,  as  a 
citi/.en,  as  a  church  member  and  deacon,  as  treas 
urer,  executive  officer,  counselor  on  the  board,  he 
was  highly  respected,  honored,  and  trusted  till  the 
end  of  his  life. 

To  the  close  of  his  life  he  was  a  remarkably  dili 
gent  student  of  the  Scriptures.  He  either  taught 
a  Bible-class  or  was  a  member  of  one  till  near  tin; 
eternal  rest,  and  he  used  to  tell  how  the  Bible,  as 
he  re-read  it,  kept  opening  its  truths  to  his  heart. 

Burchard,  Theodore.— Mr.  Theodore  Burchard, 
who  died  at  Lacon,  111..  Dec.  9,  1X6X.  at  the  age  of 
seventy-four,  was  a  native  of  Granby.  Mass.  In 
early  life;  he  removed  to  Oneida  County,  in  the 
State1  of  Xew  York,  and  from  that  place,  later,  to 
Hamilton,  where  he  resided  some  twenty  years,  an 
active  member  of  the  e-hureli.  and.  like  his  two 
brothers,  alse>  residents  of  Hamilton,  interested  in 
all  denominational  enterprises.  In  1X54  he  re- 
moved  to  Quinry.  111.,  where  he  became  a  member 
of  the  Vermont  Street  Baptist  e-hnrch.  During  tin- 
last  four  years  of  his  life;  he  resided  mostly  at  La- 
con,  where;  he  elicd.  His  remains  were  taken  to 
Hamilton  for  burial,  where  his  wife'  and  his  twe> 
brothers  also  lie.  "  Father  Burchard,''  writes  one 
who  knew  him  well,  ''was  manly  and  noble  in  his 
bearing,  tall,  standing  considerably  over  six  feet, 
and  every  inch  a  Baptist.  Strong  in  his  convictions 
of  truth  and  duty,  strong  in  faith,  there  was  no 
compromise  of  error  in  his  nature." 

Burchett,  Rev.  G.  J.,  president  of  McMinnville 
College,  Oregon,  was  born  in  Lee  Co.,  Va..  Xov.  15. 
1X47.  In  1867,  at  Austin,  Mo.,  he  was  converted 
and  baptized.  Impressed  with  the  duty  of  preach 
ing,  he  studied,  and  graduated  at  William  Jewell 
College  in  1X74  ;  was  ordained  ;  spent  two  years 
at  Chicago,  taking  a  course  of  lectures  in  theology  ; 
supplied  some  small  churches,  and  held  revival 
meetings  during  vacations.  In  1876  he  went  to 
California,  organized  the  Reeds  church  ;  preached 
a  few  months  at  Reeds.  Wheatland,  and  Marvsville. 


BURDETTK 


163 


BURLESON 


In  1S77  moved  to  Astoria,  Oregon,  built  a  house  of 
worship  for  the  church  there,  and  in  1878  was 
elected  president  of  McMinnville.  His  energy, 


REV.  C.  J.    BURCIIETT. 

enthusiasm,  and  ability  have  inspired  the  Baptists 
of  Oregon  to  united  and  vigorous  efforts  on  behalf 
of  the  college.  lie  is  a  line  speaker  and  scholar, 
and  a  magnetic  teacher. 

Burdette,  Robert  J.,  was  born  at  Greens- 
borongh,  Pa.,  -Inly  30.  1844.  In  18f)2  he  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Peoria,  111.  In  isr>:>  he  en 
listed  in  the  47th  Regiment  of  111.  Vols.  He 
served  through  the  war.  taking  part  in  the  battle 
of  Corinth,  the  siege  of  Vieksburg,  and  the  Red 
River  Expedition.  In  1870  he  became  editor  of 
the  Peoria  Transcript,  and  subsequently  of  the 
Peoria  Rti-iiw.  In  1874  he  took  charge  of  the 
Burlington  (Iowa)  ILuckeyc,  with  which  his  name 
has  ever  since  been  associated,  and  to  which  he 
has  imparted  a  world-wide  reputation.  He  has 
attained  a  high  position  as  a  humorist,  as  an  edi 
tor,  and  as  a  lecturer.  His  humor  is  always  of 
the  purest  morality,  and  is  subservient  to  the  best 
and  loftiest  purposes.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Bur 
lington  Baptist  church,  and  he  is  an  oflicient,  ac 
ceptable,  and  valued  teacher  in  the  Bible  school. 

Burk,  Rev.  B.  J.,  pastor  in  Mobile  for  sixteen 
years  over  a  large  church,  a  man  of  positive  char 
acter,  a  sterling  Baptist,  holding  his  church  to  "old 
land-mark"  principles;  liberally  educated,  a  good 
preacher,  he  wields  a  powerful  influence  among 
colored  Baptists. 

Burkitt,  Rev.  Lemuel,  the  historian  of  the 
Kehukee  Association,  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Henry 


I  Abbot  into  the  fellowship  of  Yeopim  Baptist  church 
in  July,  1771.  A  good  and  useful  man,  and  worthy 
to  be  held  in  perpetual  remembrance. 

Burleigh.,  Rev.  Lucian,  son  of  Deacon  Rinalde 
and  Lydia  (1>.)  Burleigh,  was  born  in  Plainfield, 
Conn.,  Dec.  3, 1817  ;  brought  up  aCongregationalist ; 
educated  in  the  public  school,  the  Plainfield  Acad 
emy,  and  the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  at 
Suffield ;  chose  the  profession  of  teaching:  was 
converted  at  the  age  of  twenty  :  baptized  by  Rev. 
Smith  Lyon  ;  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
Xorth  Oxford,  Mass.,  where  he  was  then  teaching  ; 
removed  to  Packersville,  Conn.,  where  ho  was  or 
dained  as  an  evangelist ;  taught  and  preached  in 
South  and  Xorth  Killingly,  and  Xorth  Granby, 
where  he  was  principal  of  Green  Academy  ;  soon 
after  1840  began  his  large  and  effective  labors  in 
the  Temperance  Reform,  which  he  advocated  widely 
throughout  the  country  ;  he  wrote  with  a  masterly 
pen  ;  in  1849  he  was  agent  of  the  American  Asso 
ciation  for  the  Suppression  of  Gambling;  made  a 
temperance  campaign  in  Wisconsin,  filling  70  ap 
pointments  in  3(>  days  ;  did  the  like  in  the  State 
of  Xew  York  ;  preached  in  the  mean  time;  by  re 
quest  returned,  and  became  principal  of  the  Plain- 
field  Academy,  and  served  five  years;  supplied  also 
destitute  churches;  taught  the  high  school  in  Cen 
tral  Village;  settled  as  pastor  of  the  South  Centre 
Baptist  church  in  Ashford,  Conn,  (now  Warren- 
ville)  :  then  served  for  thirteen  years  as  agent  of 
the  Connecticut  Temperance  Union;  his  discourses 
and  poems  have  won  an  extensive  reputation  ;  is 
now  preaching  and  lecturing. 

Burleson,  Richard  Byrd,  LL.D.,  son  of  Jona 
than  Burleson.  was  born  near  .Decatur,  Ala.,  and 
died  at  Waco.  Dec.  21,  1879.  In  1,^39  he  was  con 
verted,  and  three  days  after  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
William  II.  llolcombe.  In  1840  he  entered  Xash- 
ville  University,  and  remained  three  years.  During 
the  pastorate  of  I>r.  R.  B.  C.  llowell  he  was  li 
censed  to  preach  by  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Nashville  in  1841.  He  was  called  to  ordination  by 
the  church  at  Athens,  Ala.,  November,  1842.  and 
was  the  pastor  of  that  church  for  two  years.  In 
184")  he  accepted  the  call  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Tuscumbia.  and  remained  their  pastor  four  years. 

In  1849  he  was  made  president  of  Moulton  Fe 
male  Institute,  and  held  that  position  about  six 
years.  In  December,  1855,  he  removed  to  Texas, 
and  became,  in  18f>f>,  pastor  of  the  Austin  church, 
conducting  at  the  same  time  a  female  school.  In 
18') 7  he  was  chosen  Professor  of  Natural  Science 
in  Baylor  University.  In  1801  he  was  elected  vice- 
president  of  Waco  University,  and  Professor  of 
Natural  Science  in  that  institution.  As  a  student 
in  theology,  geology,  botany,  and  astronomy  he 
had  no  superior,  and  probably  no  equal,  in  Texas. 
Governor  Richard  Coke,  knowing  his  eminence, 


BURLESON 


164 


BURLESON 


gave  him  an  appointment  for  the  geological  survey 
of  Texas  ;  but  he  resigned  this  position  after  one 
year's  service,  as  it  conflicted  with  his  life  work  of 
founding  a  great  Baptist  university  for  Texas.  As 
a  teacher,  thousands  can  testify  that  his  zeal  and 
ability  were  never  surpassed.  Neither  private  in 
terest  nor  bodily  pains  ever  detained  him  from  tin- 
post  of  duty  for  twenty-three  years.  lie  con 
tributed  largely  to  the  great  .success  of  Baylor  and 
Waco  Universities;  to  the  latter  of  which  he  gave 
eighteen  years  of  toil  and  sacrifice,  and  intense  | 
anxiety  for  its  firm  establishment. 

lie  was  a  preacher  of  distinguished  ability,  and 
a  teacher  eminently  qualified  for  his  work,  llis 
piety  was  ardent,  his  life  was  holy,  and  his  death 
was  blessed.  The  hymn  which  was  sung  several 
times  at  his  request,  at  his  expiring  couch,  showed 
the  character  of  his  dying  exercises  : 

"  IIo\v  firm  :»  foundation,  ye  saints  of  the  Lord, 
Is  laid  for  your  faith  in  his  excellent  Word!'' 

A  procession  of  carriages  a  mile  in  length  fol 
lowed  his  remains  to  their  last  resting-place,  and 
sorrow  filled  thousands  of  hearts  for  the  loss  that 
had  fallen  upon  the  university,  the  churches,  and 
the  whole  State. 

Burleson,  Rufus  C.,  D.D.,  the  son  of  Jonathan 
Burleson,  was  born  near  Decatur,  Ala.,  Aug.  7, 
182:5.  lie  was  converted  on,  the  21st  of  April, 
1S;59,  and  baptized  the  following  Sabbath  by  Rev. 
William  II.  Ilolcombe. 

While  a  student  in  Nashville  University  in  1840 
he  abandoned  his  aspirations  for  legal  eminence, 
and  from  deep  convictions  of  duty  devoted  his  life 
to  the  ministry.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  Dec. 
12,  1840,  by  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Nashville, 
under  the  pastoral  care  of  Dr.  11.  15.  0.  Howell. 
He  commenced  preaching  immediately,  though  only 
seventeen  years  old.  but  did  not  relax  any  of  his 
devotion  to  study.  He  was  ordained  ''with  prayer 
and  fasting"  June  8,  1845.  lie  graduated  in  the 
Western  Baptist  Literary  and  Theological  Institute, 
Covington,  Ky.,  June  10,  1847.  During  all  these 
seven  years  of  laborious  preparation  for  the  min 
istry  he  preached  almost  every  Sunday,  and  scores 
were  converted  under  his  preaching. 

A  few  months  after  graduating  he  was  elected 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  at  Houston, 
Texas,  to  succeed  that  great  and  good  man,  William 
M.  Tryon,  who  had  died  of  yellow  fever.  During 
the  three  and  a  half  years  of  his  pastorate  the 
church  became  self-sustaining,  paid  off  a  heavy 
mortgage,  became  the  largest  in  the  city,  and 
the  most  liberal  in  the  State.  His  zeal,  learn 
ing,  piety,  and  eloquence  placed  him  in  the  front 
rank,  and  for  more  than  thirty  years  he  has  acted 
a  conspicuous  part  in  every  great  social,  religious, 
and  educational  enterprise  in  Texas.  Though  at 
tacked  by  yellow  fever  he  stood  firmly  at  his  post. 


lie  was  elected,  -June,  1851,  president  of  Baylor 
University,  to  succeed  Dr.  II.  L.  Groves.  Though 
ardently  devoted  to  his  church  at  Houston  and 
peculiarly  fitted  for  the  pulpit,  he  felt  the  glory  of 
Texas  and  the  success  of  his  denomination  de 
manded  a  great  Baptist  university,  hence  he  con 
secrated  himself  to  the  work.  Though  he  had  the 
hearty  co-operation  of  such  eminent  men  as  Gen. 
Houston,  Gov.  Horton,  Judges  Lipscomb,  Wheeler, 
and  Bavlor.  he  knew  it  was  a  herculean  task  that 
would  require  a  long  lifetime.  At  once  Baylor 
University  became  one  of  the  leading  institutions 
of  the  South,  and  continues  so  till  now. 

While  pastor  at  Houston  lie  baptized  .Mrs.  Dick- 
enson,  the  heroine  of  the  Alamo,  and  \\hile  pastor 
at  Independence  he  baptized  Gen.  Houston,  the 
hero  of  San  Jaeinto. 

In  ISC) I  he,  with  his  brother,  Dr.  Richard  Burle 
son,  and  the  entire  faculty  associated  with  him  in 
Bavlor  University,  desiring  a  central  and  accessible 
location  in  the  wheat  region,  removed  to  the  city 
of  Waco  and  inaugurated  AYaco  University.  This 


RCITS  c.  i;i:i!i.i'sox.  D.D. 

institution  at  once  rose  to  distinction.  Dr.  Burleson 
is  a  firm  believer  in  co-education,  and  is  the  pioneer 
in  the  great  movement  in  the  Southwest.  He  has 
instructed  over  2800  young  men  and  ladies. 

Dr.  Burleson's  characteristics  are  fixedness  of 
purpose,  amiability  of  manners,  generosity,  and 
courage.  From  these  characteristics  it  is  not 
strange  that  every  church  of  which  he  has  been 
pastor,  and  every  college  over  which  he  has  pre 
sided,  has  prospered.  His  advice  and  co-operation 


BURLING  If  AM 


165 


BURMA  II 


Union  for  New  York. 

Burlington  Collegiate  Institute,  at  Burling- 


are  frequently  sought  on  educational  questions  in      the  Bible,"  delivered  in  St.  Louis,  attracted  great 
Texas.  attention,  and  was  highly  spoken  of  by  the  secular 

Burlingham,  Aaron  H.,  D.D.— Dr.  Burling-     press. 

ham  was  born  Feb.  18,  1S22,  in  Castile.  X.  Y.  lie  From  St.  Louis  he  went  to  Brooklyn,  X.  Y.,  and 
was  graduated  from  Madison  University  in  1S4S.  took  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  Willowby  Avenue 
and  from  the  Theological  Seminary  of  Hamilton  in  Baptist  church,  and  in  187(J  he  was  chosen  district 
1S50,  and  in  the  same  year  he  was  ordained  as  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary 
pastor  over  the  (mint  Street  Baptist  church  of 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.  After  one  year  he  accepted  the 
pastorate  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Owego.  X'.  Y.  Two 
years  afterwards  lie  took 
charge  of  the  Harvard  Street 
Baptist  church.  Boston, 
Mass.  In  1S53  lie  was  chosen 
chaplain  of  the  State  Senate. 
In  lS5l)  he  moved  to  New 
York,  and  became  pastor  of 
the  South  Baptist  ciiureh. 
This  settlement  continued 
nine  years,  but  the  labor  was 
so  arduous  that  lie  resined 


and  went  to  Kurope.    For  sev 
eral  months  he  filled  the  pul 
pit  of  the  celebrated  Ameri 
can    chapel    in    Paris.        After    a   year's    residence 
abroad   visiting  various  places  of  hist 


i  .stuff  i  s 


BURLINGTON    COLLEGIATE    INSTITUTE. 

toil,    Iowa,  was   located   by  the   vote  of  an   Educa 
tional  Convention  of  the  Baptists  of  Iowa,  held  at 


he  returned,  and  accepted  a  call   from   the  Second       Iowa  City  in  1852.  and  incorporated  under  the  name 

of  Burlington  University.  It  is  situated  on  a  beau 
tiful  slope  on  the  west  of  the  city.  The  building  is 
65  by  45  feet,  with  a  wing  in  the  rear  'M  by  •'>()  feet, 
all  three  stories  high,  of  brick,  and  trimmed  with 
stone.  The  campus  contains  several  acres  covered 
with  a  tine  growth  of  native  shade-trees.  The  city 
has  so  extended  its  limits  and  increased  its  popula 
tion  that  the  school  is  now  about  the  centre,  and 
occupies  a  verv  commanding  position.  It  is  now 
in  first-class  condition,  with  a  good  telescope,  chemi 
cal  laboratory,  and  philosophical  apparatus,  and  a 
well-selected  library.  The  buildings  and  grounds 
are  worth  $40,000,  and  the  institution  has  a  small 
endowment,  and  it  has  no  encumbrance  of  any 
kind. 

The  present  officers  of  the  board  of  trustees 
are  Hon.  J.  M.  Beck.  President;  Rev.  E.  C.  Spin- 
nev.  Yice-President ;  Hon.  T.  W.  Xewman,  Sccre- 
tarv  :  F.  T.  Parsons,  Treasurer;  and  E.  F.  Stearns, 
A.M.,  Principal  of  the  Institute. 

Burmah. — The  Burman  Mission,  being  the  first 
established  by  the  Baptists  in  America,  will  always 
occupv  a  peculiar  place  in  their  regards.     Burmah 
is  that  part  of  India  beyond  the  (ianges  which  lies 
i  between  llindostari  on   the  west  and  China  on   the 

Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  This  command-  east.  The  population  is  probably  not  far  from 
ing  position  he  held  for  several  years,  with  credit  10.000. 000,  a  third  of  this  number  speaking  the 
to  himself  and  the  continual  growth  of  the  church.  Burmese  language.  The  government  is  a  despotic- 
Asa  lecturer  he  dr(>w  large  and  delighted  audi-  monarchy,  and  the  religion  Buddhism,  "one  of 
enccs.  His  course  of  lectures  on  the  "Women  of  the  most  ancient  and  wide-spread  superstitions  ex- 


BCJtMAIf 


160 


Jil'li.VA/f 


isting  on  the  earth,  and  one  which,  in  its  various 
branches,  holds  heneath  its  gloomy  sway  the  minds 
of  a  third  of  the  human  race."  The  mi-sinn  to 
Burmah  was  coiiinieiicecl  by  .Mr.  and  .Mrs.  .Judson 
in  IS  13.  at  Rangoon,  the  principal  seaport  of  the 
empire.  The  formal  appointment  of  Mr.  Judsem 
as  a  missionary  of  the  Baptist  Triennial  Conven 
tion  was  made  in  Mav.  1S14.  The  first  work  of 
the  new  missionary  was  the  preparation  of  a 
tract  on  the  nature  of  the  Christian  religion,  with 
a  hrief  abstract  of  its  leading  doctrines.  On  the 
l.")th  of  October,  1X10.  Rev.  Mr.  Hough  and  wife 
jnined  Mr.  and  .Mrs.  .Judson  at  Rangoon.  Mr. 
Hough  was  a  praetie-al  printer,  ami  lie  addressed 
himself  at  once  to  the  printing  of  portions  of  the 
Scriptures  and  short  religious  treatises  to  he  placed 
in  the  hands  of  the  natives,  whose;  curiositv  was 
awakened  to  see  the  sacred  hooks  of  the  new  re 
ligion.  Four  years  passed  before  the-  first  sincere 
inquirer  came  to  Mr.  Judson  to  ask  after  the  way 
of  salvation,  lie  found  the  Saviour,  and  was  bap- 
ti/.ed  at  Rangoon,  June  '27,  1819.  From  that  time 
tin;  missionaries  had  persecution,  discouragement, 
and  progress  marking  their  experiences;  but  view 
ing  all  the  facts  in  their  history,  the  mission  in 
Burmah  has  enjoved  much  prosperity. 

The  Karen  Mission  is  bound  up  with  the  mission 
to  the  Burmese  by  geographical  ties. 

The  word  Karen  means  wild  nun/,  and  applies 
to  a  rude  people  who  are  scattered  over  the  moun 
tains  and  forests  of  Burmah,  Siam,  and  the  adja 
cent  countries.  They  are  divided  into  several  tribes, 
the  chief  of  which  are  the  S'gau  and  Pwo.  They 
have  been  the  subjects  of  cruel  oppression,  espe 
cially  by  the  Burmese,  who  have  compelled  them, 
for  a  long  time,  to  act  about  as  if  they  were  their 
slaves,  exacting  from  them  the  hardest  tasks,  and 
forcing  from  them  large  tributes  of  money.  Their 
life,  in  consequence  of  the  cruelties  inflicted  upon 
them,  has  been  a  nomadic  one,  and  they  hide  them 
selves  away  in  jungles  and  mountainous  retreats 
to  escape  from  the  persecutions  of  their  enemies. 
In  many  respects,  even  before  they  were  reached  by 
the  civilizing  influences  of  Christianity,  they  were 
said  to  be  superior  to  the  Burmese,  who.  in  a  special 
manner,  were  their  foes.  Whence  these  people 
originated  is  not  definitely  known.  By  some  they 
are  supposed  to  have  been  the  aborigines  of  the 
country,  while  others  regard  them  as  immigrants 
from  India. 

At  the  time  the  Karens  came,  into  special  notice 
by  the  contact  of  American  missionaries  they  did 
not  seem  to  have  any  well-defined  form  of  religious 
belief,  nor  any  distinct  priesthood.  There  were 
among  them  some  remarkable  traditions,  which 
strikingly  corresponded  with  the  teachings  of  the 
Bible,  as  the  account  of  the  creation  of  man.  the 
temptation  in  the  garden  of  Eden,  the  deluge,  etc. 


They  had  also  some  prophecies  which  pointed  on 
to  happier  times  when  they  should  no  longer  be 
degraded,  but  should  be  lifted  up  out  of  the  condi 
tion  in  which  for  so  long  a  time  they  had  groaned. 
!  Among  such  a  people,  apparently  so  well  prepared 
to  receive  the  gospel,  the  missionaries  were  wel 
comed  most  heartily. 

The  first  Karen  converted  and  baptized  was  Ko 
Tha-byu  ;  this  occurred  in  1828.  lie  was  a  man 
|  of  middle  age,  once  a  slave,  whose  freedom  had 
been  purchased  by  the  missionaries;  his  conversion 
commenced  the  Karen  .Mission,  so  greatly  honored 
oHiod.  In  1831.  Mr.  Boardmau  visited  the  jungle 
homes  of  the  Karens,  after  conversing  with  many 
of  them  at  his  own  residence,  and  preached  -Jesus 
to  them. 

AVithout  any  further  reference;  to  the  race  dis 
tinction  between  Karens  and  Burmese,  we  will  state 
that 

The  Rangoon  Mission  was  established  in  IS]:], 
and  in  1SSO  it  had  25  missionaries.  71  nathe 
preachers,  '.IS  churches,  and  4031  members. 

The  Maulmain  Mission  was  establishes!  in  1827, 
and  at  that  statie)ii  then;  are  111  missionaries.  23 
native  preachers.  IS  churches,  and  ll!-M>  members. 

The  Tavoy  Mission,  founded  in  182s1.  lias  3  mis 
sionaries.  20  native  preachers.  '21  churches,  and 
1038  members. 

The  Bassein  Mission,  commenced  in  1840.  has 
12  missionaries,  142  native  preachers.  (J(I  chuivhe.-. 
and  7808  members. 

The  Ilenthada  Mission,  instituteel  in  1X53,  has 
1  missionary,  45  native  preachers,  5X  churches, 
and  1998  members. 

The  Swaygyeen  Mission,  begun  in  1853,  has  4 
missionaries,  24  native  preachers.  23  churches,  and 
80"  members. 

The  Toungoo  Mission,  started  in  1X53.  has  14 
missionaries,  98  native  preachers,  117  churches, 
and  3910  members. 

The  Thongzai  Mission,  the  foundations  of  which 
were  laid  in  1X55,  has  2  missionaries,  10  native 
preachers,  3  churches,  and  297  members. 

The  Prome  Mission  was  commenced  in  1854,  and 
has  3  missionaries,  7  native  preachers,  3  churches, 
and  225  members. 

The  Zeegong  Mission,  established  in  1876.  has 
I  missionary.  2  native  preachers,  2  churches,  and 
110  members. 

The  Bhamo  Mission,  founded  in  1877,  has  4 
missionaries.  0  native;  preachers,  and  10  members. 

The  missions  among  the  Burmese  and  Karens 
have  88  missionaries,  448  native  preachers.  433 
churches,  and  21.594  members.  This  is  just  about 
half  our  missionary  strength  in  the  East,  in  labor 
ers  and  baptized  converts,  and  \ve  have  our  gar 
nered  harvests  in  Sweden,  Germany,  and  France 
besides. 


BUKX 


167 


BUR  XII AM 


The  translation  of  the  whole  Bible  into  the  Bur 
mese  language  was  completed  Jan.  31,  1834.  A 
Karen  newspaper,  The  Moniintj  S/ar,  was  estab 
lished  at  Tavoy  in  September,  1S41.  The  whole 
New  Testament  was  issued  in  Karen.  Nov.  1,  1843, 
and  the  entire  Bible  in  January,  1851.  In  IS") 7 
all  the  Karen  churches  concluded  to  support  them 
selves,  anil  the  mission  churches  in  Burmah  are 
among  the  most  liberal  contributors  to  send  the 
gospel  to  the  heathen.  Books  for  schools  and  a 
Christian  literature  have  been  created  by  the  mis 
sionaries  in  Burmah,  and  the  unprejudiced  observer 
of  their  labors  cannot  fail  to  regard  them  as  the 
benefactors  of  the  races  for  whose  welfare  tliev 
have  toiled  and  sacrificed  so  much.  Schools  of 
various  grades  have  been  established  for  the  educa 
tion  of  the  people,  in  which  large  numbers  receive 
instruction  from  accomplished  and  godlv  teachers; 
and  a  theological  seminary  was  established  in  Maul- 
main  in  1844.  which  was  subsequently  removed  to 
Rangoon,  which  has  trained  a  largo  number  of 
native  ministers  and  teachers  for  the  Karens.  A 
sketch  of  this  institution  will  lie  found  in  the  article 
".Rangoon  Colb-go.''  Nowhere  in  the  whole  range 
of  modern  missionary  toil  have  Christian  labors 
among  the  heathen  been  more  signally  blessed  than 
in  Burmah. 

Burn,  Rev.  W.  G.,  was  born  in  Guilford  Co.. 
N.  C.,  April  4.  1820;  baptized  by  Barton  Roby. 
Sept.  20,  1840:  ordained  in  1843;  has  been  pastor 
of  Flat  Rock  church  for  twenty -seven  years;  has 
bapti/.ed  1200  souls,  constituted  5  churches,  and 
aided  in  the  ordination  of  25  ministers;  was  mod 
erator  of  the  Yailkin  Association  for  several  years, 
and  has  three  sons  in  the  ministry. 

Burnett,  Robert  H.,  long  president  of  the  Lou 
isiana  Baptist  Convention,  was  born  in  South  Caro-  I 
lina  in  1812.  and  in  1837  united  in  the  constitution  i 
of  Mount  Lebanon  church,  the  first  church  organ 
ized  in  Northeastern  Louisiana;  was  also  for  many 
years  moderator  of  lied  River  Baptist  Association. 
Burney,  Thomas  J.,  greatly  distinguished  and 
honored  among  Georgia  Baptists  for  his  able  and 
successful  management  of  the  finances  of  the  Geor 
gia  Baptist  Convention  for  a  long  series  of  years. 
during  which  he  acted  as  treasurer  of  that  body, 
was  born  in  Greene  Co.,  April  2(.i,  1801.  He  died 
June  22,  1X7(>,  most  of  his  life  having  boon  spent 
in  Madison,  Ga.  When  young  he  had  fair  educa 
tional  advantages  ;  was  for  a  time  a  student  at  the 
famous  law  school  of  St.  Gem-go  Tucker,  Winches 
ter.  Va.,  and  for  a  brief  period  lie  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law.  Although  lie  served  in  the  United 
States  land-office  at  Cahawba,  Ala.,  for  some  time. 
and  was  all  his  life  a  man  of  business,  yet  Mr.  Bur 
ney  was  distinguished  more  for  his  deep  religious 
convictions  and  for  his  usefulness  in  church  and 
educational  matters  than  for  eminence  in  any 


other  respect.  He  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Adiel  Sher 
wood  in  November,  1834.  and  for  forty  years  was 
an  active,  useful,  and  faithful  member  of  the  Madi 
son  church,  of  which  he  was  for  many  years  deacon 
and  treasurer,  lie  was  secretary  and  treasurer  of 
the  Georgia  Female  College,  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees  for  that  institution  and  also  of  Mercer 
I  Diversity,  and  was  the  treasurer  of  the  university 
and  a  member  of  the  Executive  and  Prudential 
Committees  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention  for 
many  years.  So  skillfully  did  he  manage  the  vast 


THOMAS    J.    IirUNDV. 

interests  intrusted  to  his  hands  as  treasurer  of  the 
Georgia  Baptist  Convention  and  of  Mercer  Uni 
versity  that  his  brethren  gave  him  unlimited  au 
thority  over  all  the  funds.  He  was  a  man  of  firm 
purpose,  dauntless  resolution,  and  unswerving  in 
tegrity,  all  his  other  duties  yielding  to  his  religious 
obligations.  He  was  calm,  self-possessed,  temper 
ate,  and  thoughtful.  He  was  not  known  as  a 
speaker  in  the  conventional  meetings,  but  his  few 
and  pointed  words  ever  received  respectful  atten 
tion.  His  house  was  the  preacher's  home,  and 
from  its  altar  the  incense  of  morning  and  evening 
sacrifice  ascended  each  day.  His  death  was  calm, 
peaceful,  and  happy. 

Burnham,  Prof.  S.,  A.M.,  graduated  from 
Bowdoin  College,  Brunswick,  Me.,  in  18C>2,  and 
from  the  theological  seminary  at  Newton.  Mass.,  in 
1873.  Pastor  at  Amherst.  Mass..  1873-74;  teacher 
in  Worcester  Academy,  Worcester,  Mass.,  in  1874  ; 
elected  Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Old  Testament 
Exegesis  in  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  in 
1875,  which  position  he  still  retains. 


16S 


JiUJi  ROUGHS 


Burns,  Dawson,  M.A.,  son  of  -lube/  Burns, 
D.I).,  was  born  in  London  in  IS'JS.  He  studied  at 
tho  General  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  at  Leices 
ter,  and  commenced  his  ministry  in  1X50.  For 
several  years  .Mr.  Burns  was  occupied  in  ]>ul)lic 
work  in  connection  with  the  temperance  movement. 
In  1S74  lie  was  elected  co-pastor  with  his  father, 
after  whose  death  he  succeeded  to  the  sole  charge. 
.Mr.  Burns  is  widely  known  as  one  of  the  leaders  of 
the  United  Kingdom  Alliance  For  tin'  suppression  of 
the  traffic  in  intoxicating  drinks,  a  society  which 
attracts  a  large  body  of  supporters  of  various  re 
ligious  and  political  opinions,  and  wi-'lds  a  potent 
iniliieiice  in  Parliamentary  elections  in  the  large 
cities  and  towns. 

Burns,  Jabez,  D.D.,  for  many  years  an  eminent 
minister  of  the  English  General  Baptists,  was  born 
in  Oldham,  Lancashire,  Dec.  IS.  ISO,").      In  hisyouth 
he  connected  himself  with  the  .Methodists,  but  some 
years  later  he  was  bapti/.ed,  and  became  associated 
with    the  General    Baptists.      He   was   engaged    for 
some  years  in  lecturing  and  preaching  in  Scotland. 
mainly  in   connection    with    the   temperance   move 
ment,  of  which  throughout  lii'e  he  was  an  able  and 
conspicuous  leader.      In  .June,   IS.'),"),  he  was   called 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in   London.    Here  for 
upwards  of  forty  years  he  labored  with  distinguished 
success.     He  also  wrote  and  published  largely,  his 
best-known  works   being   "Helps   to   Students   and 
Lav  Preachers"  and  "Manuals  for  Devotional  Use 
and  Family  Worship."      He  visited  this  country  in 
J847  as  a,  delegate   IVom   the  General  Baptist  Asso 
ciation  to  the  Free-Will    Baptist  Triennial  Confer 
ence,    and    also    in     1S7'J.      His   "Retrospect    of   a 
Forty   Years'    .Ministry."  published    in    1X75,   gives 
an  interesting  description  of  the  modern  progress  of 
religion,  temperance,  and  philanthropic  enterprises. 
In  recognition  of  his   merits  as  a  religious  writer, 
and   particularly   of  the   character   of    his   "  Pulpit 
Cyclopedia,"  the  Wesleyan  University  of  Connect 
icut  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  D.I),  in  1X46, 
and  in  1X72  Bates  College,  Me.,  added  the  degree  of 
LL.D.      He  was  verv  ellicient  to  the  end  of  his  life, 
and  as  a  preacher  and  public  speaker  he  was  highly 
esteemed.      lie  died  -Jan.  31,  1X76,  aged  seventy. 

Burr,  Normand,  was  born  in  Hartford,  Conn., 
Oct.  5,  1X02  ;  his  business  was  printing  and  pub 
lishing;  converted  in  1XIJS.  and  united  with  the 
South  Baptist  church,  being  baptl/ed  by  l!ev. 
Robert  Turnbull.  D.D.  ;  was  editor  and  publisher 
of  the  Cln-ixliini  Ser.rdciry,  with  others,  from  1X40 
to  his  death,  Dec.  ">,  1X61.  He  had  two  children, 
a  son  and  a  daughter.  Mrs.  Sigourney.  the  poetess, 
wrote  of  him.  and  wrote  truly. — 

"  We  knew  him  ;is  u  man  of  sterling  worth. 
Whose  pxxl  example  is  a  legacy 
Better  than  gold  for  those  he  leaves  behind. 
Hi.s  inhorn  piety  flowed  forth  in  streams 
Of  social  kindness  and  domestic  love." 


Burrage,  Rev.  Henry  S.,  was  born  in  Fitch- 

burir.  Mass.,  and  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  the  class  of  1X61.  He  was  connected  with  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution  six  years, —  1X61- 
67.  For  three  years  during  the  late  war  he  was  in 
the  military  service  of  the  United  States.  His  ordi 
nation  took  place  in  December.  1X69,  and  he  was 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Watervilie,  Me..  1X70-73. 
lie  became  in  1X7.')  the  proprietor  and  editor  of 
Zinn'x  Aili'ocutc.  a  weekly  religious  paper  pub 
lished  in  Portland.  Me.,  and  still  holds  this  posi 
tion. 

.Mr.  Burrage  is  the  compiler  of  a  volume  enti 
tled  "  Brown  University  in  the  War."  containing 
sketches  of  the  graduates  and  students  of  the 
universitv  who  were  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States  in  the  late  civil  war,  and  he  is  the  author 
of  a  learned  work  entitled  ''The  Act  of  Bap 
tism." 

Burroughs,  J.  C.,  D.D.,  LL.D.—  Dr.  Burroughs 
is   a    native   of  Western    New  York,  and  was    born 
in     the     year     IX  P.).       His    literary    education     he 
received    at    Vale    College,  and    his    theological   at 
Hamilton.      His   first    settlement   as    pastor  was    at 
Waterford,    N.  V..  and    his    second    at  West    Troy, 
in  the  same  State.      Jle  soon  became  well  known  in 
New  York    as   an    efficient   pastor   and  a  highly  ac 
ceptable  preacher,  and  while  yet   in  the  early  part 
of  his   ministerial   career   he   was    (.-ailed    upon    for 
special    service     on    important    occasions,    and    his 
counsel  sought  in  connection  with  the  management 
of  denominational  affairs.      In  the  year  1X52.  after 
a  pastorate  of  some  ten  years  in  the  East,  he  was 
called  to  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Chicago.      In 
the  same  month,  October,  1X52,  that  Mr.  Burroughs 
heo-an    his   labors  with    this    church    the    house    of 
worship,  built    in    1X43.  was    burned.       Immediate 
measures  were  taken  for  the  erection  of  a  new  edi 
fice  upon  the  same  ground,  the  church   meanwhile 
worshiping    in    a    small    building    near    by.       The 
corner-stone  was  laid  July.  IS."):',,  and  the  new  house 
dedicated  in  the  November  following,  a  commodious 
and    tasteful    structure,  costing   S30.000.      In    con 
nection  with    the   labors  of  his   pastorate,  in  these 
circumstances  unusually  exacting.  Mr.   Burroughs 
established,  in  association  with  brethren  AVeston  and 
.Joslvn,  the  weekly  Baptist    paper   in    Chicago,  the 
C/iriN/iaii    Times,  now   the    H<.in>l<ml.  having   pur 
chased,  as  preliminary  to  this,  the  subscription  list 
of  the    paper    previously    issued    by    Rev.    Luther 
Stout.  Tlie   \Vatchuian  of  tlie  Prairie.     About   the 
year    IS"),"),    the    presidency    of    Shurtleff    College 
having  become  vacant,  Mr.  Burroughs  was  strongly 
solicited  to  accept  that  post.     This  he  declined,  but 
an  opening  occurring,  providentially,  for  the  found 
ing  of  a  university  in  Chicago,  he  felt  it  to  be  his  duty 
to  give  himself  to  this,  and  with  that  view  resigned 
his  pastorate  in  1856.      The  deed  of  gift  from  Sen- 


BURROUGHS 

ator  Douglas   for  the  university  site  of  ten   acres 
was    procured    by   Mr.  Burroughs.     To   tlie.se    t\vo 
men,  and  to  the  latter  certainly  not   less  than   the 
former,    the    Baptist   denomination    is    chiefly    in 
debted    for    the    university   at   Chicago.     Dr.  Bur 
roughs  was   the  first   president  of   the   university, 
holding   this   office    until    the    creation    of  that   of 
chancellor,    in    the    year    1870,    to    which    he   was 
elected,  Dr.  Lemuel   Moss    taking   the   presidency. 
He  held  the  chancellorship  until  1878.  when  he  re 
signed  this  office  also.     During  the  earlv  years  of 
the  university  lie  consecrated  himself  to  its  interest 
with  absolute  self-devotion.      Large  amounts  were 
obtained    by  him    in   subset iptions   and   pledges, — 
much  of  it  lost  subsequently  through  the  financial 
disasters    which    made   collection    impossible,    but 
none  the  less  a  fruit  of  earnest  and  well-directed 
labor  on  his  own  part.     In  the  whole  work  of  uni 
versity  organization   he  of  course   largely   shared, 
while  in  the  department  of  instruction   the  quality 
of  his  teaching  is  witnessed  by  the  strong  affection 
cherished   for  him  by  his  pupils  in   their  after-life. 
Dr.  Burroughs  still    has   his  residence  at  Chicago, 
although  his  official  connection  with  the  university 
has  ceased. 

Burroughs,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  b.u-n  in  London. 
England,    Jan.    1,    ]f>S;>.      ]{,;    Was    converted    and 
called    to    the    ministry   in   earlv   life,   and   for   the 
proper  discharge  of  a  pastor's  duties  he  received 
a  liberal  education  at  a  private  academy  in  London 
and  at  the  University  of  Leyden.    He  was  ordained 
May    1,    1717,   as   pastor   of  the   church    in   Paul's 
Alley.  Barbican,  London.      Here   he   labored   with 
great  success   and   untiring  faithfulness   for  more 
than   forty  years.      He  was  a  great  admirer  of  the 
^Vord    of  God,    upon    the   exposition   of  which    he 
expended   his  unusual   abilities  and   his  extensive 
learning.      He  had  a  special  desire  to  promote  the 
practical   duties  of  the   Saviour's   religion,  and   to 
secure  as  far  as  possible  a  church  wholly  conse 
crated    to    God.     lie    was   a   warm    friend    to    the 
cause    of   Christ    in    general,    but    to    the    Baptist 
churches   specially,  among  which    he   was   one   of 
the  most  popular  men  of  his  day.    Though  a.  Chris 
tian   of  the   largest  charity   he   believed    that   bap 
tism  was  a  prerequisite  to  the  Lord's  Supper,  and 
his  faith  and  practice  walked  together  in  scriptural 
harmony.     Towards  the  close  of  life  he  manifested 
a  spirit  of  extraordinary   humility,  charging  him 
self  with   many  defects  and   relying  for  salvation 
wholly  upon  the  mercy  of  God.      He  passed  from 
earth  without  a  struggle  on  the  23d  of  November, 
1701.  in  his  seventy-seventh  year.     Mr.  Burroughs 
was  a  General  Baptist. 
Burrows,  John  Lansing,  D.D.,  son  of  Samuel 

Burrows,  a   naval   officer  of  the  war  of  1812.  was 
born    in    New  York   in    1814.      His    father  died  of 
yellow  fever  at  Mobile  in  1S22,  after  which   he  be- 
12 


BURROWS 


came  the  ward  of  his  grandfather,  Nathaniel  Bur 
rows,  of  Bucks  Co..  Pa.,  who   educated   him   with 
much  care.      lie  finished  his  education  at  Andover, 
i  Mass.     In  1835  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
j  Poughkeepsie.   and  became   assistant   pastor   of  a 
I  church  in  New  York  City.     In  1830  he  removed  to 
I  Kentucky,  and  engaged  in  teaching  at  Shelbyville, 
i  and   subsequently  at    Fdixabethtown.      In    1839   he 
took  charge  of  the  church   at  Ower.sborough.  and 
also  organized  and  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Ilen- 
!  derson.      In  1840  he  became  pastor  of  Sansom  Street 
church   in  Philadelphia.      In    1844  he   founded   the 
Broad    Street   church,  same   city,  and  was   its   suc 
cessful  pastor  for  ten  years.      In    18.")4  he  accepted 
the  pastorate  of  the  First   Baptist  church  in  Rich 
mond.  Ya.,   a    relation    which     he     sustained     for 
twenty  years.      He  returned   to  Kentucky  in  1874, 
and  became  pastor  of  the  Broadway  Baptist  church 
in  Louisville,  where  he  still  ministers  (1880). 

Dr.  Burrows  has  a  national  fame  as  a  irraceful 
and  eloquent  pulpit  orator,  an  easy,  elegant  writer, 
and  a  man  of  varied  learning  and  extensive  read 
ing,  and.  best  of  all.  Dr.  Burrows  has  been  one  of 
the  most  useful  men  in  the  ministry  of  our  denom 
ination. 

Burrows,  Rev.  Silas,  son   of  Amos  and    Mary 
!  (Rathbone)  Burrows,  was  born    in   Groton.  Conn., 
in  1741.      His   father,  educated  in  the  standing  or 
der,   became  a  speaker   among   the    Liberal ists.  o;- 
New  Lights.      His  brother  Amos  became  a  licensed 
Baptist  preacher.      Silas  was  converted  when  about 
twenty-three  years  of  age.  under  the  preaching  of 
Rev.    Mr.    Reynolds,  a  Baptist  from   Norwich,  and 
was  one  of  the  first  members  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church  in  Groton.  which  chose  him  as  their  leader. 
He  was  ordained  aid  nit  170"),  and  held  the  pastoral 
office   of  the  church    for   fifty-three   years.      Amid 
the  agitations    resulting    from    the   great   awaken 
ing,    the    Revolutionary    war,   and   the    inroads   of 
infidelity,   he   stood    firmly    by    the   truth    and    the 
cause  of  liberty.      He  had  two  brothers  captured  in 
Fort  Griswold.     During   the    powerful    revival    of 
1782-83    several    of   his    children   were  converted, 
among  them   Daniel   and   Roswell,  who  afterwards 
became  preachers.      His  ministry  was  crowned  by 
another  mighty  reformation,  beginning  in  January, 
1809,    and    extending    through    eighteen    months, 
during  which  he  baptized  130  persons.     He  married 
first,  Mary  Smith,  and   second,  Mrs.    Phehe   (Deni- 
son)  Smith.     Of  sound  native  talents,  ardent  piety, 
eminently  prayerful  spirit,  plainness  of  speech,  and 
firmness  of  purpose,  he  made  strong  and  permanent 
impressions    upon    the    people.      He    was    a   wise 
builder.      He    fell    asleep    in    1818,    aged    seventy- 
seven  years,  and  was  buried    in   his  own   church 
yard. 

Burrows,  Rev.  Roswell,  son  of  Rev.  Silas  Bur 
rows,  was  born  in  Groton,  Sept.  2,  1708.     He  was 


HI'S  II 


converted  while  ;i  inerclitint's  clerk  ;it,  Guilford, 
('(inn.,  when  home  on  :i  visit.  Though  lie  became  ;i 
successful  merchant  in  llopkinton,  It.  I.,  he  finally 
returned  to  the  home  of  his  father  in  Grotou. 
where  he  yielded  to  his  convictions  and  the  per 
suasions  of  his  brethren,  and  received  ordination  in 
August.  1800.  as  associate  pastor  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  in  (irotoii,  with  his  honored  and 
silked  father,  whose  place  he  filled  after  ISIS,  when 
his  father  died.  After  his  ordination,  by  appoint 
ment  from  the  Groton  Union  Conference,  he  spent, 
several  months  in  a  missionary  tour,  riding  more 
than  I3( K)  miles,  and  preaching  once  or  twice  daily, 
iliviiiL;  a  irreat  impulse  to  the  cause'  of  missions  in 
tin;  churches.  He  was  always  active  and  efficient 
in  the  (iroton  l.'nion  Conference,  and  in  tin;  Ston- 
in^tor.  Union  Association.  Through  his  instru 
mentality  a  church  was  organized  in  Preston. 
Conn.,  in  1812.  lie  also  labored  somewhat  at 
(ireenport.  L.  1.,  and  in  Western  New  York,  on 
missionary  tours.  In  his  later  years  he  was  aided 
in  his  own  pulpit  by  Kevs.  Frastus  Dennison  and 
Ira  11.  Steward.  His  ministry  at  home  was  at 
tended  with  seven  special  revivals,  and  he  bapti/.ed 
I'd't  persons,  and  preached  2880  times.  At  the  age  | 
of  twenty-one  he  married  Jerusha  Avery,  and  was 
the  father  of  seven  children,  one  of  whom  became  [ 
a  member  of  Congress.  He  died  May  28,  1S37, 
in  his  sixty-ninth  year.  His  funeral  sermon  was 
preached  by  Rev.  Daniel  Wildman,  of  New  London. 
He  was  buried  in  the  church-yard  by  the  side  of 
his  father. 

Burrows,  Roswell  S.,  a,  prominent  layman  of 
Albion,  N.  Y.,  was  born  in  Groton,  Conn..  Feb.  22, 
1798.  He  was  the  grandson  of  Rev.  Silas  Burrows 
and  son  of  Rev.  Roswell  Burrows,  one  pastor  for 
fifty-three  years  and  the  other  for  thirty-five  years 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Groton.  He  en 
tered  the  Sophomore  class  of  Yale  College  at  the  age 
of  twenty-one,  lie  was  compelled  to  leave  college 
in  the  middle  of  the  junior  year  by  reason  of  con 
tinued  ill  health.  In  1867  the  college  conferred  on 
him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  In  1824  he  es 
tablished  himself  in  Albion,  N.  Y.,  where  he  still 
lives,  having  been  for  the  last  ten  years  the  oldest 
resident  of  the  place. 

He  is  distinguished  chiefly  for  remarkable  busi 
ness  talents,  having  been  connected  with  numerous 
large  public  and  private  enterprises,  which  have 
yielded  him  an  ample  fortune,  lie  has  been  iden 
tified  with  the  university  and  seminary  at  Roches 
ter  through  all  their  history,  and  gave  the  latter 
institution  "The  Neander  Library,"  now  valued  at 
$20,000.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the  United 
States  House  of  Representatives. 

Burton,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  17<H)  in  Fng- 
larid.  He  came  to  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1792. 
He  visited  the  United  States,  embraced  Baptist 


principles,  and  was  baptized  here.  He  returned 
to  Halifax,  June  17,  1793.  and  administered  the 
first  baptism  witnessed  there  the  following  August 
24.  He  organized  a  Baptist  church  in  that  city  in 
1795,  the  second  one  organized  in  the  provinces. 
Mr.  Burton  continued  as  its  pastor  until  his  death. 
which  occurred  Feb.  ('>.  ISJx  He  was  a  Christian 
jrentleman.  useful  in  the  community  in  which  he 
labored,  and  enjoying  the  respect  and  love  of  those 
around  him. 

Burton,   Nathan  Smith,   D.D.,   was  bom  at 

Manlius.  N.  V.,  Feb.  5.  1S21  :  bapti/.ed  by  Uev.  1. 
Hall,  at  Akron.  ().,  1843;  graduated  from  Western 
Reserve  College  in  1840  :  spentone  year  at  Western 
Reserve;  College  in  theological  study;  the  second 
year  at  Newton,  and  then  returned  as  classical  tutor 
to  Western  Reserve,  where  he  graduated  in  theology 
in  l.s .")l):  ordained  Nov.  0,  1850,  as  pastor  at  Klyria. 
()..  where  he  remained  until  1853.  After  a  short  pas 
torate  in  Cleveland  became  pastor  at  Granville.  0., 
where  lie  remained  until  1S02.  While  pastor  here, 
in  1S59,  established  the  Young  Ladies'  Institute.  In 
1802  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Akron,  0.  :  in 
1800,  of  the  church  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.:  in  1871, 
of  the  church  at  Davenport,  Iowa.  In  1870  he  ac 
cepted  the  professorship  of  Philosophy  in  Kala- 
ma/.oo  College;,  but  on  account  of  the  failure  of  the 
endowment  resigned  the  following  year  and  re 
turned  to  Akron,  0..  where,  as  pastor  of  the  church, 
he  still  remains. 

The  honorary  degree  of  D.I),  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Denison  University,  in  1S03.  He  is  univer 
sally  regarded  as  standing  in  the  front  of  Ohio 
Baptists,  and  he  is  profoundly  interested  in  all  that 
pertains  to  the  interests  of  the  kingdom  of  Christ. 
Burton,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Margaree, 
Cape  Breton  :  baptized  by  Rev.  Joseph  Dimock  in 

,  1820;  ordained  July  20,  1828;  was  co-pastor  of 
Yarmouth  church  with  the  venerable  Harris  Hard 
ing  from  1830  to  1853  ;  then  pastor  at  Portland,  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  and  at  Hantsport,  Nova 
Scotia,  where  he  died  in  1807.  An  earnest,  useful 

:  minister. 

Bush,  Rev.  Alexander,  was  born  in  Lowville, 
Lewis  Co..  N.  Y..  Feb.  1,  1810.  He  was  hopefully 
converted  at  the  age  of  seventeen,  and  baptized  in 
July.  1827.  He  devoted  some  time  to  the  work  of 
teaching,  and  feeling  that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach, 
he  entered  Hamilton  Theological  Institution  in 
1835.  In  1838  he  received  a  call  from  the  Tyring- 
ham  and  Lee  church,  Mass..  and  on  the  17th  of 

i  October  of  this  year  he  was  ordained  as  the  pastor 
of  the  church.  He  labored  diligently  and  faith- 

!  fully,  and  (lod  permitted   him  to  see  the  rich  fruits 

!  of  his  ministerial  toil.  His  ministry  was  a  short 
one.  In  the  spring  of  1842  he  was  forced  partially 

.  to  suspend  his  work.  He  preached  his  last  sermon 
July  30  of  this  year.  For  a  year  or  two  he  lin- 


BUSH 


171 


gered,  a  great  and  constant  sufferer.      lie  died  June 
17,  1S44. 

Bush,  Rev.  Alva,  LL.D.,  was  born  iii  Busti, 
Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  25,  18:>0.  lie  was 
the  second  son  of  Soldi n  F.  Bush  and  Fiorina 
Blackman.  lie  was  converted  and  joined  the  Bap 
tist  church  in  Busti  in  1840.  under  the  pastorate 
of  Rev.  E.  R.  Swain.  He  completed  his  education 
in  Burlington  University.  lie  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  church  at  Strawberry  Point  in  1858, 
and  ordained  at  the  same  place  in  1859.  He  sup 
plied  the  church  one  year  during  an  interim  in  the 
pastorate  of  Rev.  George  Scott.  He  was  pastor  of 
the  church  at  Fayette  in  I860,  imparting  instruc- 


KEV.  AI.V  A    nrsii.  1. 1..  n. 

tion  part  of  the  time  in  the  Upper  Iowa  University, 
during  which  Rev.  J.  E.  Clough  and  Hattie  Sunder- 
land,  afterwards  Mrs.  Clough,  were  students  in 
that  institution,  and  part  of  the  time  members  of 
Mr.  Bush's  family. 

lie  was  settled  in  Osage,  and  opened  the  school 
which  was  to  be  the  Cedar  Valley  Seminary,  Jan 
uary.  18d3.  During  the  eighteen  years  of  his  con 
nection  with  the  seminary  he  served  the  Baptist 
church  of  Osage  as  pastor  something  over  ten 
years,  and  preached  regularly  at  out-stations  during 
the  remainder  of  the  time. 

Bussy,  Rev.  B.  W.,  was  born  and  brought  up  in 
Columbus,  Ga.,  but  preached  for  years  in  Ilunts- 
ville  and  Mobile,  Ala.  He  is  now  the  able  pastor 
of  the  Americus  Baptist  church,  having  returned 
to  his  native  State.  A  man  of  more  than  ordinary 
ability,  he  is  a  fine  pastor  and  preacher,  and  an 
efficient  Sunday-school  worker. 


Bussy,  Hon.  James,  a  prominent  lawyer  at 
'  Bastrop.  La.,  was  born  in  Georgia  in  1S/50.  Jmlire 
Bussy  is  a  striking  example  of  what  may  be  ac 
complished  under  almost  insurmountable  difficul 
ties.  In  early  life  an  incurable  paralysis  made 
him  a  helpless  dependent.  Bv  perseverance  he  de 
veloped  strength  in  his  arms,  and  acquired  the 
power  of  balancing  himself  on  crutches.  Bv  dim 
of  application  he  made  himself  an  intelligent  law 
yer,  and  has  risen  to  distinction  in  church  and 
state,  lie  has  made  it  a  rule  of  life  to  devote  one- 
tenth  of  his  gross  income  to  the  Lord.  Under  the 
blessing  of  God  he  has  prospered,  and  is  now  a 
man  of  wealth.  He  has  presided  as  moderator  of 
Bayou  Macon  Association  and  as  president  of  the 
State  Convention. 

Butler,  Rev.  David  E.,  who  has  deservedly 
been  greatly  honored  by  the  Baptists  of  Georgia 
with  places  of  trust,  was  born  in  Wilkes  County. 
When  a  young  man  and  a  practicing  lawyer,  in 
Washington,  AVilkes  County,  he  was  the  personal 
friend  of  Jesse  Mercer,  whose  will  he  wrote,  and 
whose  executor  he  was.  Mr.  Butler  is  a  graduate 
of  Mercer.  It  was  not  until  after  his  marriage  that 
he  felt  constrained  to  enter  the  ministry  ;  while 
living  on  his  farm  in  the  country  he  was  unable  to 
restrain  his  inclinations  to  point  sinners  to  the 
Lamb  slain  for  us  :  lie  gradually  became  convinced 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach,  and  he  submitted 
to  ordination,  and  entered  upon  the  ministry. 
He  has  been  an  eloquent  pleader  for  Jesus  and  a 
good  preacher.  lie  has  had  charge  of  various 
churches,  while  his  homo  has  generally  been  at 
Madison.  Before  the  war  he  was  a  wealthy  planter, 
and  never  sought  remuneration  for  pulpit  services. 
Since  the  return  of  peace  he  lias  maintained  his 
farming  interests,  not  being  dependent  on  the  min 
istry.  In  the  Central  Association  he  has  been  a 
ruling  spirit,  and  frequently  has  been  its  moderator, 
by  election.  For  five  years,  from  1872  to  1S7<>,  in 
clusive,  he  was  president  of  the  Georgia  Baptist 
Convention  ;  for  many  years  he  has  been  the  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Mercer  Univer 
sity  :  and  for  several  years  he  was  the  efficient 
editor  of  the  C/irix/uui  Index.  Since  the  war  his 
influence'  in  the  denomination  has  been  great  and 
beneficial,  and  he  has  almost  been  the  central  figure 
around  which  Georgia  Baptist  interests  have  gravi 
tated.  Mr.  Butler  is  an  eloquent  speaker  and  an 
exceedingly  ready  man.  possessing  a  fine  command 
of  language.  He  is  universally  held  in  the  highest 
esteem,  and  amid  many  diversified  employments 
has  never  ceased  eloquently  to  proclaim  the  gospel. 
As  the  friend  of  education  and  missions,  the  friend 
and  supporter  of  Mercer  and  the  Convention,  he 
stands  out  in  bold  relief  in  the  denomination.  lie 
is  exceedingly  popular  all  over  the  State,  among 
all  classes  and  denominations  :  his  name  has  been 


nUTLKR 


BYRON 


freely  spoken  of  in   connection  with    the  guberna 
torial  office  of  Georgia. 

Butler,  GOV.  Ezra,  was  born  in  Lancaster. 
Mass.,  in  September.  17(>3.  He  lived  for  some 
years  with  Dr.  Stearns,  of  Claremont,  N.  11..  where 
he  had  the  management  of  a  large  farm.  In  his 
twenty-second  year  he  removed  to  A\  aterbury, 
Vt..  where  he  commenced  farming.  lie  was  almost 
literally  in  a.  wilderness,  there  being  but  one  other 
family  in  the  whole  place.  Indeed,  the  whole  sec 
tion  was  but  little  better  than  a  dense  forest  for 
miles  in  every  direction.  When  he  was  twenty- 
seven  years  of  age  he  became  a  hopeful  Christian. 
ills  conversion  was  a  remarkable  one.  and  plainly 
the  wnrk  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  He  was  baptized  by 
"Elder"  Call  in  his  wilderness  home.  In  due  time 
Waterbury  attracted  to  itself  inhabitants,  and  to 
wards  the  end  of  the  year  1800  there  were  a  suffi 
cient  number  of  persons  holding  Baptist  sentiments 
to  lead  to  the  formation  of  a  Baptist  church,  and 
Mr.  Butler  was  chosen  and  ordained  its  pastor, 
which  office  he  held  over  thirty  years. 

Beinn'  a  person  of  superior  education  he  was 
called  to  (ill  various  civil  offices,  as  town  clerk,  jus 
tice  of  the  peace,  and  representative  for  several 
terms  to  the  General  Assembly  of  Vermont.  For 
a  number  of  years  he  was  chief  justice  for  "W  ash- 
ington  County.  From  1813  to  181")  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress,  and  for  two  years  In;  was  governor 
of  the  State.  "  His  administration  as  governor  was 
distinguished  chielly  by  a  vigorous  and  successful 
effort  for  the  suppression  of  lotteries,  and  by  some 
essential  improvement  in  the  system  of  common 
school  education."  In  1831)  he  officiated  as  one  of 
the  electors  of  the  President  of  the  United  States. 
Amidst  all  the  responsibilities  connected  with  the 
civil  trusts  committed  to  his  hands  he  never  lost 
sight  of  the  higher  office  which  he  held  as  an  ambas 
sador  of  Christ.  While  he  was  governor  of  the  State 
an  extensive  revival  was  in  progress  in  his  own 
town,  in  which  he  took  the  deepest  interest,  his 
heart  being  greatly  gladdened  by  the  circumstance 
that  several  members  of  his  own  family  were  among 
its  fruits.  Gov.  Butler  died  July  12,  1838,  in  the 
seventy-fifth  year  of  his  age. 

In  the  report  of  the  travels  of  Messrs.  Cox  and 
Hoby — a  deputation  from  the  Baptist  churches  in 
England  to  the  Baptist  churches  in  this  country— 
we  find  the  following  extract  taken  from  Dr. 
Sprngue's  "  Annals."  The  language  is  Mr.  Iloby's  : 

•'At  Waterbury  I  paid  a  visit  to  Gov.  Butler, 
who,  you  remember,  though  a  pastor  in  our  de 
nomination,  had  once  the  honor  of  being  governor 
of  the  State  of  Vermont.  His  eye  is  not  so  dimmed 
with  age  but  that  you  may  clearly  discern  that  it 
was  once  expressive  of  the  intelligence  and  energy 
equal  to  the  responsibilities  of  such  an  office,  how 
ever  undesirable  it  may  be  to  blend  it  with  pastoral 


engagements.  Forever  let  his  name  be  honored 
among  those  who  steadfastly  determined  and  la 
bored  with  untiring  y.eal  to  disencumber  the  State 
of  the  burden  of  a  religious  establishment,  and  re 
ligion  of  the  manifold  evils  of  State  patronage.  As 
he  walked  towards  the  town  he  told  me  that  fifty 
years  ago  he  cleared  the  first  spot  in  this  cultivated 
district,  which  was  then  all  wilderness.  Now  his 
children's  children  are  growing  up  around  him,  to 
inherit  the  land  and  the  liberties  they  owe  so  lit 
erally  to  their  fathers." 

Butterfield,  Rev.  Isaac,  was  born  in  Andover, 
Vt..  Oct.  It).  1812  :  removed  to  New  Ipswich.  N.  11.. 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one  years:  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Asaph  Merriam  in  May.  Is3f).  and  studied 
for  a  short  time  in  Appleton  Academy,  New  Ips 
wich,  after  his  conversion.  He  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  the  spring  of  lS3i'>.  and  was  ordained  in 
January,  1S37,  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Cicero, 
N.  Y.  He  remained  ten  years  in  the  Onondaga 
Association,  live  of  which  were  spent  in  Elbridge. 
Then  followed  nearly  ten  years  of  service  in  <>s- 
wego.  part  as  pastor  of  the  First  church,  and  then 
lie  went  out  with  a  colony  which  formed  the  "\\est 
church.  He  was  for  seven  years  pastor  in  Daven 
port.  Iowa,  also  served  for  brief  terms  in  Water- 
town,  N.  Y.  ;  Adrian,  Mich.:  Hightstown.  N.  J.  : 
Monroe.  Mich.;  and  Grand  Rapids.  Then  for  six 
years  he  was  again  at  the  West  church  in  Oswego. 
In  1S7")  he  yielded  to  an  urgent  appeal  from  the 
First  church  in  Jackson  to  come  to  them  in  a  time 
of  special  exigency,  and  for  five  years  he  gave  his 
service  with  great  self-devotion.  The  last  of  the 
five  years  Rev.  C.  E.  Harris  was  his  colleague. 
Mr.  Butterfield  now  resides  in  Grand  Rapids.  lie 
has  been  a  laborious  worker  in  the  Lord's  vine 
yard,  and  has  counted  it  a  pleasure  to  serve  in 
fields  from  which  others  would  shrink.  His  influ 
ence  has  been  that  of  a  peace-maker,  and  his 
churches  have  been  greatly  attached  to  him.  He 
was  married  Sept.  14,  183S,  to  Miss  Sarah  A.  Tem- 
pleton,  of  Northfield,  Mass. 

Buys,  Rev.  James,  M.D.,  was  long  an  efficient 
minister  in  North  Louisiana.  He  was  born  in  Geor 
gia  in  1SOO  ;  removed  to  Louisiana  in  1848,  and  died 
in  Winn  Pas.  La..  Oct.  26,  18»>7. 

Byron,  Deacon  Wm.  Henry,  a  native  of  New 

York  City,  where  he  was  born  June  21,  1808. 
His  father  died  when  he  was  a  child.  His  mother, 
a  lady  of  fine  mental  and  Christian  culture,  de 
voted  herself  to  his  early  training.  His  religious 
education  was  her  special  care.  His  mental  cul 
ture  she  intrusted  to  the  best  schools  of  the  city. 
When  of  a  suitable  age  he  was  placed  in  a  large 
mercantile  establishment,  and  he  became  a  mem 
ber  of  the  family  of  one  of  the  partners,  who  be 
longed  to  St.  George's  church,  New  Y'ork.  His 
Christian  influence  over  the  youth  was  of  a  most 


BYRON 


173 


BYROX 


marked  character,  and  lnul  much  to  do  with  his 
subsequent  conversion.  At  eighteen  years  of  age 
he  obtained  a  hope  in  Christ,  and  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Cone  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Oliver 
Street  Baptist  church,  of  which  his  mother  had 
long  been  a  member.  He  afterwards  connected 
himself  with  the  Amity  Street  Baptist  church, 
under  the  pastoral  care  of  Dr.  Win.  R.  Williams. 
In  March,  183").  lie  removed  to  Painesvillc,  0.. 
where  he  engaged  in  business  until  184,'!,  when  he 
removed  to  Milwaukee.  Wis.  Here  he  founded  a 
mercantile  establishment,  which  for  many  years 
was  one  of  the  most  extensive  in  the  cit\-.  He 
continued  this  business  until  a  painful  disease 
compelled  him  to  retire  from  active  pursuits. 

But  it  is  chiefly  as  a  Christian  worker  that  Dea 
con  IJyron  is  best  known.  Xature  had  given  him 
pre-eminent  qualifications  for  usefulness  in  the. 
Sunday-school,  and  to  this  field  be  devoted  himself 
with  a  consecration  and  zeal  rarely  surpassed. 
Even  while  at  the  bead  of  a  lar^e  and  extensive 
business,  taxing  all  his  resources,  he  found  time 
to  labor  in  the  work  he  loved  so  well.  Deacon 
Byron's  active  Sunday-school  career  began  before 
his  conversion.  As  early  as  1822  he  was  a  teacher 
in  a  mission  school  in  New  York.  It  was  in  it 
that  -lames  -Brainard  Taylor  was  converted,  and  in 
it,  Deacon  Win.  IT.  Byron  was  taught  his  sinfulnoss 
and  led  to  Christ. 

It  was  through  Deacon  Byron's  influence,  chiefly, 
that  the  Wisconsin  State  Sunday-School  Associa 


tion  was  formed  in  184(5,  and  he  became  its  first 
president,  which  oflice  lie  held  until  18f)o.  In  ISliO 
the  Wisconsin  Sunday-School  Union  was  formed, 
and  Deacon  IJyron  was  elected  its  president.  One 
year  later  he  was  appointed  its  general  agent  and 
superintendent  of  its  work  in  the  State.  From  the 
spring  of  1861,  until  the  summer  of  18(54,  lie  was 
actively  engaged  in  its  service,  and  although  almost 
entirely  without  the  use  of  his  limbs,  lie  traveled 
thousands  of  miles  and  held  hundreds  of  Conven 
tions,  in  which  he  made  addresses.  Hven  when  his 
disease  assumed  the  most  painful  and  alarming 
forms  he  continued  in  the  field.  Indeed,  so  <rreut 
was  his  love  for  the  work  and  so  consuming  his 
zeal  in  it.  that  it  was  (dear  that  he  could  not  re 
main  out  of  it.  and  that  he  should  die  with  the 
harness  on.  After  he  could  no  longer  walk,  he 
was  borne  in  the  arms  of  friends  to  institutes  and 
Conventions  and  Sunday-schools. 

lie  died,  at  Sparta,  Wis..  Sept.  12.  187.").  to  which 
place  he  had  been  removed  from  his  home  in  Mil 
waukee.  He  was  a  man  of  fine  endowments,  all 
of  which  from  the  hour  of  conversion  he  conse 
crated  to  Christ.  He  was  singularlv  fortunate  in 
having  as  his  early  Christian  instructors  such  men 
as  Spencer  II.  (.'one,  D.D..  and  Win.  I!.  Williams, 
D.D.  lie  had  a  profound  acquaintance  with  the 
AVord  of  (Joel.  lie  devoted  to  the  Scriptures  the 
most  earnest  and  praverful  studv  throughout  his 
life.  He  lived  for  Christ  and  Christ  lived  in  him. 
He  died  in  great  peace,  aged  sixty-seven  vears. 


174 


CALDICOTT 


C. 


Cade,  Rev.  Baylus,  one  of  tlio  most  distin 
guished  preachers  of  West,  Virginia,  was  horn  Sept. 
3,  1^44.  in  Harbour  Countv.  now  a  paif  ol'  \\est 
Virginia.  II«'  made  :i  profession  of  I'aitli  and  was 


KF.  V.    ISAYU': 

baptized  Dec.',).  lXi>4.  In  October,  1XC>6.  he  entered 
Richmond  College  as  a  student,  remain  in  g  there 
until  June  .'!().  ISt')',).  lie  was  ordained  in  IS09  and 
began  his  work  as  a  minister,  and  he  is  now  (1880) 
filling  one  of  the  most  important  positions  in  the 
State,  as  pastor  of  Ureenbrier  church  at  Alderson, 
to  which  work  tie  is  devoting  all  his  time  and  en 
ergy.  Mr.  Cade  took  a  very  active  part  in  estab 
lishing  Shelton  College,  giving  liberally  to  its 
support,  and  inducing  others  to  follow  his  example. 
His  work  in  connection  with  this  institution  has 
been  very  laborious,  but  he  has  the  satisfaction  of 
enjoying  the  success  of  his  labors.  His  extensive 
reading  and  retentive  memory,  united  with  great 
native  ability,  place  him  in  the  front  ranks  as  an 
organizer  and  leader  in  our  denominational  move 
ments,  and  in  his  ministerial  calling. 

Cain,  Rev.  Moses  Powel,  was  born  in  Jefferson 
Co.,  (la..  Aug.  7.  1X30.  His  father,  James  Cain, 
was  a  South  Carolinian  and  a  distinguished  deacon. 


His  mother  was  a  woman  of  great  pietv,  and  thus 
it  happened  that  he  was  reared  in  the  fear  of  <iod. 
In  18")<)  he  graduated  at  Peri  field,  having  been 
converted  during  his  college  course.  For  several 
years  after  graduating  Mr.  Cain  taught  school  :  he 
was  ordained  in  IS,")',),  und  from  that  time  to  the 
present  he  has  been  engaged  in  teaching,  preach 
ing,  and  farming.  At  present  he  resides  on  the 
old  homestead,  preaching  to  neighboring  churches. 
lie  is  a  man  of  talent  and  of  deep  piety. 

Calahan,  Rev.  Charles  W.,  pastor  of  Hope, 
Ark.,  was  born  in  Alabama  in  IX.")  1  •  graduated  at 
Union  University,  Term.:  ordained  in  1X7-5:  after 
preaching  some  time  in  his  native  State  lie  became 
pastor  at  Monticello,  Ark.,  in  I<S77  :  spent  one  vear 
at  Long-town.  Miss.,  returned  to  Monticello.  and  in 
1X79  accepted  his  present  pastorate. 

Caldicott,  T.  F.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the  village 
of  Long  Buckley,  Northamptonshire,  England,  in 
March,  1X03.  His  father  was  a  deacon  in  the  Baptist 
church  in  Long  Bucklev.  and  occasionally  officiated 
as  a  preacher.  In  IXi24.  Dr.  Caldicott  came  to 
Canada  as  the  tutor  to  the  children  of  some  military 
officers,  and  for  some  time  made  his  home  in  Quebec. 
lie  taught  subsequently  in  Toronto  and  Kingston, 
where  his  services  commanded  the  patronage  of 
some  of  the  best  citizens  of  these  places.  In  1X31 
he  became  connected  with  Madison  Universitv  as 
a  student,  and  in  1X34  was  ordained  as  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Lockport,  where  he  remained 
for  four  years,  when  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate 
of  what  is  now  the  Dudley  Street  church.  Boston 
Highlands,  then  Roxbury.  and  continued  in  this  re 
lation  for  seven  or  eight  years.  Upon  resigning  his 
pastorate  in  Roxbury,  he  acted  for  some  time  as  the 
secretary  of  the  Northern  Baptist  Education  So 
ciety,  devoting  himself  with  great  zeal  to  the  cause 
of  ministerial  education.  Subsequently  he  was 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Charlestown,  and  of  Baldwin 
Place  church  in  Boston,  and  then  removed  to 
!  Williamsburg,  N.  Y..  from  which  place  he  re- 
1  moved  to  Toronto,  to  become  the  pastor  of  the 
Bond  Street  Baptist  church  It  was  in  Toronto 
that  he  died,  the  event  taking  place  July  0,  1869. 
Dr.  Caldicott  had  the  pleasing  art  of  making  warm 
1  friends.  He  was  eminently  of  a  happy,  social 
disposition,  and  his  very  presence  was  a  bene- 
I  diction.  Wherever  he  was  settled  he  was  an  earnest, 
i  laborious  minister  of  the  gospel,  and  was  the  means 
j  of  introducing  a  large  number  of  persons  into  the 


17.") 


churches  to  which  he  ministered.  It  is  pleasant  to 
pav  this  tribute  of  affection  to  his  memorv. 

Caldwell,  Hon.  Robert  P.,  of  Trenton.  Te.m.. 
was  born  in  Adair  Co..  Ky.,  Pec.  16,  1X21  ;  had  a 
public  school  education  :  studied  and  practiced 
law:  was  in  the  lower  branch  of  the  General  As 
sembly  of  Tennessee  in  1X47-48.  and  was  in  the 
upper  branch  in  I8r>f>-.~>f).  and  was  elected  attorney- 
general  in  the  sixteenth  judicial  circuit  of  Tennes 
see  in  18")X;  was  major  in  the  12th  Tenu.  In- 
fantrv  of  the  Confederate  service  :  had  his  disabili 
ties  removed  by  act  of  Congress:  and  was  elected 
to  the  42<1  Congress,  receiving  8227  votes,  against 
1848  votes  for  his  opponent. 

Hon.  Mr.  Caldwell  professed  religion,  and  was 
bapti/.ed  by  Rev.  Dr.  Ilillsman  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Trenton  Baptist  church.  October.  1863.  and 
bus  continued  a  reputable  and  useful  member  up 
to  this  writing.  18X0. 

Mr.  Caldwell  is  a  gentleman  of  fine  intellect,  and 
stands  high  as  a  lawver  and  as  a  Christian. 

Caldwell,  Samuel  L.,  D.D.,  president  of  Vassal- 
College,  was  born  in  Newburyport.  Mass..  Nov.  13, 


SAMTEI,    I..  CALDWELT.,    D.D. 

1820.  His  ancestors  were  early  settlers  on  that 
coast.  lie  was  prepared  for  college  in  the  grammar 
school  of  his  native  town.  After  a  four  years' 
course  he  was  graduated  from  Waterville  College, 
Me.,  in  1X39.  On  leaving  college  he  took  charge 
of  the  Academy  at  Hampton  Falls,  N.  IT.  Soon 
after  that  he  was  head-master  of  the  West  Gram 
mar  School,  of  Newburyport,  for  three  years. 
After  teaching  three  years  he  entered  the  theo 
logical  seminary  at  Newton.  Mass.,  where  he  was 


graduated  in  1845.  During  the  subsequent  win 
ter  he  preached  for  the  Baptist  church  iu  Alex 
andria,  Va.  In  the  spring  of  1846,  he  took  charge 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Bangor,  Mich.,  and 
was  ordained  as  its  pastor.  The  union  continued 
twelve  years,  and  the  church  was  greatly  strength 
ened.  In  1856  he  accepted  the  pastoral  charge  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  Providence.  K.  I.,  whose 
pulpit  had  been  vacated  by  the  death  of  James  N. 
Granger.  I). I).  After  a  ministry  of  over  fifteen 
years,  lit;  resigned  to  accept  the  professorship  of 
Church  History  in  Newton  Theological  Institu 
tion.  Hi'  ably  filled  this  post  five  years,  and  on  the 
death  of -John  II.  Raymond,  LL.D.,  the  president 
of  Vassar  College,  Dr.  Caldwell  was  elected  his 
successor,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  the  posi 
tion  in  September,  1X58.  His  ability  and  special 
fitness  for  the  high  office  are  admitted  by  all.  and 
that  noble  educational  institution  will,  it  is  be 
lieved,  rise  to  still  grander  proportions  under  his 
administration. 

Caldwell,  William  B.,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Co 
lumbia,  Ky.,  April  3.  1X18.  After  finishinir  his 
literary  education  he  studied  medicine  at  Lexington, 
Ky..  for  a  time,  graduated  in  that  science  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  located  in  his  na 
tive  town  in  1841.  In  1846  lie  removed  to  Louis 
ville,  where  he  rapidly  acquired  one  of  the  most 
extensive  and  lucrative  practices  in  the  city.  This 
he  retained  until  failing  health  compelled  his  re 
tirement.  He  confined  himself  strictly  to  his  pro 
fession,  and  thereby  acquired  a  large  fortune.  In 
1809  he  consented  to  fill  a  seat  in  tin;  Legislature 
of  his  State,  lie  united  with  the  Baptist  church 
in  Columbia  in  1837,  and  continues  a  faithful  and 
efficient  member.  He  has  been  prominent  in  the 
Executive  Board  of  the  General  Association  of 
Baptists  in  Kentucky  since  1846.  In  1837  he 
married  Miss  Ann  Augusta,  daughter  of  Hon. 
•lames  Guthrie,  who  was  also  a  Baptist,  a  woman 
of  intelligence,  culture,  ami  piety,  and  whose  large 
estate  was  liberally  used  for  the  cause  of  Christ. 

Calhoim,  Hon.  J.  R.,  is  a  member  of  the  Bap 
tist  church,  Summerside.  Prince  Edward's  Island, 
and  a  merchant  remarkable  for  hisexcellent  abilities 
and  large  contributions  in  support  of  denomina 
tional  objects  ;  is  also  a  member  of  the  Prince  Ed 
ward's  Island  House  of  Assembly,  and  is  strong  in 
support  of  right  and  religion. 

California. — One  of  the  largest  of  the  United 
States,  bordering  on  the  Pacific  Ocean.  600  miles 
long  and  nearly  200  broad  ;  noted  for  its  immense 
productions  of  gold  since  1849,  its  abundant  har 
vests  of  wheat,  and  all  the  fruits  of  the  tropics  and 
temperate  zones.  All  Baptist  and  other  Protestant, 
as  well  as  Catholic  churches,  are  laving  foundations 
for  the  future.  Population  of  the  State  is  about 
1,000,000.  Baptists  began  their  work  in  California 


CALIFOHXIA    COLJ.KGK 


CALL  A  \\'A  Y 


in  1S4(J.     They  now  have  121  churches,  with  nearly 

7000  members,  1  college,  3  academical  institutions, 
G  Associations,  1  weekly  paper.  'I'ke  Kcan<j<-l.  and 
1  monthly,  Tltf  Herald  of  Truth,  \\  State  Conven 
tion.  College  ami  Mission  Hoards,  a  Woman's 
Home  .Mission  and  a  Woman's  Foreign  .Mission 
Society,  a  State  Ministers'  Institute,  and  about  120 
ordained  ministers.  The  churches  are  most  of  them 
widely  scattered  and  not  wealthy.  (See  article  SAN 
FRANCISCO.  ) 

California  College,  Cal. —  In  1*70.  it  was  an 
nounced  at  the  meeting  of  the  Pacific  Association, 
held  at  Santa  Kosa.  that  the  property  of  the  Pacific 
Methodist  College  at  Yacaville  was  for  sale.  A 
committee  appointed  to  make,  inquiries  reported 
favorably  at  a  conference  in  Napa.  The  purchase 
was  made,  a  Baptist  Convention  was  called,  which 
organized  a  college  board,  obtained  a  charter,  and 
elected  Prof.  Mark  Bailey  president.  The  insti 
tution  was  opened  -Jan.  4.  1S71.  with  14  students. 
A  productive  endowment  fund  of  §20,000  has  since 
been  raised.  The  sacrifices  incident  to  establishing 
a  college  in  a  new  State  have  endeared  the  institu 
tion  to  the  hearts  of  its  friends.  In  the  spring  of 
IS;.'!.  I»r.  A.  S.  Worrell  succeeded  Prof.  Bailey  as 
president:  in  November.  lS7-">.  he  resigned,  and 
\vas  succeeded  bv  the  lamented  T.  W.  Greene, 
whose  death  occurred  in  1S77.  His  successor  was 
Rev.  S.  A.  Tai't.  !>.!>. :  and  his  resignation  occurring 
in  1S7S,  Uev.  I',  (iregorv.  D.I).,  entered  upon  the 
presidency  in  January,  1S7'J.  Since  its  organiza 
tion,  (,)5()  students  have  been  in  attendance  :  38  have 
graduated  ;  ami  in  1880  the  number  of  students  was 
Si.  The  college  is  beautifully  situated,  centrally 
for  the  State. — at  Vacaville.  Solano  County,  mid 
way  between  San  Francisco  and  Sacramento.  The 
locality  is  one  of  the  healthiest  in  California. 

Callaghan,  George,  Esq.,  was  bom  in  Scotland, 
•Ian.  2',).  1S27.  His  parents  emigrated  to  this 
country  in  1S2!>.  He  was  baptized  at  West  Chester, 
Pa.,  by  Key.  Alfred  Taylor,  March  f>,  1S4"),  and  was 
subsequently  a  member  of  the  churches  at  Inland, 
First  West  Philadelphia,,  and  Angora,  Philadelphia. 
He  is  extensively  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
cotton  goods  at  the  last  place,  and  he  has  for  many 
years  been  connected  with  various  educational  and 
missionary  boards.  The  church  at  Angora  was  or 
ganized  and  has  been  sustained  chiefly  through  the 
labors  and  benefactions  of  himself  and  his  brother. 
Robert  J.  Callaghan.  both  of  whom  were  among  its 
constituent  members.  These  brothers  are  noted 
for  being  among  that  class  of  wealthy  Baptists  who 
prefer  acting  as  their  own  executors  of  the  riches 
intrusted  to  their  stewardship;  hence  their  gifts  to 
denominational  and  other  religious  enterprises  have 
been  frequent  and  generous.  They  live  in  the  en 
joyment  of  visible  and  blessed  results. 

Callaway,  Rev.   Enoch,   a    distinguished    and 


very  useful  minister  of  Georgia,  was  born  in  Wilkes 
County,  Sept.  14.  1T'J2.  lie  was  converted  and 
baptized  in  December,  1808,  uniting  with  Sardis 
church,  at  which  he  was  ordained  Xov.  7,  1823. 
lie  bee. ime  the  pastor  of  the  following  churches: 
Sardis.  Rehoboth,  County  Line.  Heaver  !>am. 
in  Wilkes  County,  and  of  Hairdstown  and  Mill- 
town  churches,  in  Oglethorpe  County,  serving 
some  ol  them  as  murh  as  twenty-live  or  thirty 
years.  lie  died  Sept.  12,  Is.V.l.  at  the  ane  ofsixty- 
seveii.  of  an  afiliction  which  continued  four  years. 
lie  was  never  heard  to  murmur,  so  wonderful  was 
his  patience.  Death  was  not  dreaded,  but  was  wel 
comed  bv  him.  lie  made  the  Bible  his  text-book, 
and  made  its  study  his  daily  occupation.  As  a 
pastor  he  was  faithful,  and  as  a  minister  he  was 
humble  and  unostentatious,  out  highly  useful,  from 
his  great  earnestness  and  sincerity.  1 1  is  preaching 
was  usually  extemporaneous,  combining  the  doc 
trinal,  practical,  and  experimental,  but  he  excelled 
in  exhortation. 

In  building  up  and  establishing  the  cause  of 
Christ  in  his  field  of  labor  few  have  accomplished 
more.  Decidedly  missionary  in  principle  and 
practice,  and  a  thorough  Baptist  in  doctrine,  he 
left,  his  impress  in  these  respects  wherever  he  la 
bored.  Of  his  numerous  offspring,  numbering 
now  about  300,  who  art;  living,  it  is  said  that, 
without  exception,  they  are  all  professed  Christians 
and  Baptists. 

Callaway,  Rev.  Joshua  S.,  was  born  in  Wilkes 

Co..  (Ja..  May  30.  17SU.  He  was  the  son  of  .Joshua 
and  Isabella  Callaway.  He  was  converted  when  a 
boy.  and  was  baptized  by  Jesse  Mercer.  Sept.  23. 
ISO',).  When  in  his  twentieth  year  he  moved  to 
.(ones  County,  in  ISIS,  and  joined  the  San, is 
church,  by  which  he  was  called  to  ordination  in 
Is20.  He  preached  ten  years  in  Jones  County  with 
great  success,  and  then  removed  to  Ilenrv  County. 
When  the  division  in  the  denomination  took  place 
he  sustained  mission  views  strongly,  and  under  his 
leadership  the  Flint  River  Association  took  decided 
missionary  grounds.  He  was  moderator  of  that 
Association  for  about  fifteen  years,  after  represent 
ing  it  in  the  State  Convention,  by  which  body  he 
was  highly  respected.  Mr.  Callaway  was  a  pleas 
ant  and  persuasive  speaker,  with  a  winning  ad 
dress.  He  was  strongly  Calyinistic  in  faith,  and 
very  clear  and  scriptural  in  his  preaching.  He 
baptized  many  hundreds  of  converts  during  his 
ministry.  He  possessed  a  strong  will,  indomitable 
perseverance,  and  unflinching  integrity,  and  to  the 
day  of  his  death  maintained  an  unblemished  repu 
tation.  He  died  at  Jonesborough  in  the  year  IS 54. 
Callaway,  Rev.  Pitt  Milner,  son  of  Rev. 

Joshua  S.  Callaway,  was  born  in  Wilkes  Co..  Ga., 
Oct.  10.  1812.  Settled  in  Macon  Co..  Ala.,  in  1S38. 
On  a  visit  to  Georgia  in  1844  he  united  with  the 


CALL  A  WA  Y 


177 


CAMPBELL 


church  of  which  his  father  was  pastor.  For  some 
years  after  this  he  resided  in  the  city  of  Eufaula, 
where  lie  faithfully  served  as  deacon,  he  and  Gov. 
John  Gill  Ilorter  having  been  ordained  at  the  same 
time  and  serving  together,  lie  was  ordained  to 
the  ministry  at  Mount  /ion  church  in  Macon 
County  in  1857,  Revs.  S.  Henderson,  E.  Y.  Von 
Hoose,  and  F.  M.  Moss  funning  the  Preshytery. 
lie  has  delivered  on  an  average  two  sermons  a 
week,  and  baptized  manv  hundreds,  lie  has  Ifr-en 
pastor  of  a  number  of  the  most  influential  churches 
in  Southeast  Alabama.  Was  the  prime  mover  in 
the  origination  and  historv  of  the  late  General 
Association  of  that  part  of  the  State.  For  eighteen 
years  now  he  has  resided  at  Newton.  Dale  County. 
Callaway,  Rev.  Wm.  A.,  was  born  in  Wilkes 
Co..  Ga..  about  1S04.  of  pious  Baptist  parents.  lie 
grew  up  to  manhood  and  married  before  his  con 
version.  He-was  ordained  in  IK).'!  at  McDonough, 
and  soon  made  his  influence  felt  in  all  the  region 
around  bv  his  zeal.  He  would  en^a^e  in  pro- 
traeted  meetings  day  and  night  for  weeks  and 
months  in  succession,  seeming  to  feel  no  weari 
ness;  in  truth,  he  was.  both  by  gifts  and  tempera 
ment,  admirablv  suited  for  a  revival  preacher.  He 
assisted  in  organizing  the  Central  Association,  and 
in  the  great  revivals  that  occurred  in  his  day  he 
was  the  modest  yet  able  coadjutor  of  such  men  as 
Sherwood.  Dawson,  and  Campbell.  Tall  and  rather 
slender  in  person,  he  had  a  benign  expression,  an 
easy  and  natural  elocution,  and  he  was  a  sweet 
singer.  In  protracted  meetings  he  often  became 
the  soul  of  the  meeting,  enchaining  attention  and 
going  right  home  to  the  consciences  of  the  impeni 
tent  by  the  simplicity,  fervency,  and  tenderness  of 
his  address.  His  pulpit  abilities  were  good;  his 
manner  ordinarily  was  grave  and  decorous.  He 
died  in  June,  IS6.~>.  and  left  two  able  sons  in  the 
ministry. — ).  M.  Callawav  and  S.  P.  Callawav. 

Callender,  Rev.  Elisha,  son  of  Ellis  Callender, 

who  for  about  thirtv  years  was  the  principal 
speaker  in  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston,  was 
born  in  Boston  in  IfiSO.  He  was  a  trraduate  of 
Harvard  College  in  the  class  of  1710.  and  became 
a  member  of  the  church  Aug.  10.  ITl.'i.  About 
five  years  later.  May  21,  171S,  he  was  ordained,  and  ; 
became  the  pastor  of  the  church  with  which  his 
honored  father  had  so  long  been  connected.  Al 
though  not  very  vigorous  in  health  Mr.  Callender 
performed  a  large  amount  of  ministerial  labor, 
preaching  in  different  sections  of  the  Common-  : 
wealth  where  his  services  were  in  demand.  Spirit 
ual  prosperity  attended  his  ministry  with  his  own 
church,  scarcely  a  month  passing  without  some 
additions  being  made  to  it.  While  in  the  midst  of 
his  great  usefulness  he  was  cut  down  by  death,  the 
event  occurring  March  31.  1738,  in  the  twentieth 
year  of  his  ministry.  He  was  the  first  native  Bap 


tist  minister  in  this  country  who  had  received  a 
collegiate  education.  He  published  a  "Century 
Sermon''  in  the  year  172;).  commemorative  of  the 
landing  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers. 

Callender,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Boston  in 
1706,  and  was  the  nephew  of  Rev.  Eli.-dia  Callei  - 
der.  In  early  youth  he  evinced  unusual  intellec 
tual  ability,  and  it  was  deemed  best  bv  his  friends 
that  he  should  have  a  liberal  education.  His  pre 
paratory  studies  having  been  completed  he  entered 
Harvard  College,  where  he  availed  himself  for  his 
pecuniary  support  of  the  Hollis  foundation.  He 
was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1723.  A  few  years 
after  his  graduation  he  was  ordained  as  co-pastor. 
in  Newport,  II.  I.,  with  .Rev.  William  IVckham. 
succeeding  in  this  relation  that  infted  voun«- 

*  "•  *J  £? 

preacher.  Rev.  John  Comer.  His  ordination  took 
place  Oct.  13.  1731.  Few  Baptist  ministers  of  his 
times  were  better  educated  than  Mr.  Callender. 
lie  was  held  in  high  respect  in  the  communitv  in 
which  he  lived,  which  at  that  time  was  amonjf 
the  most  cultivated  in  Xew  England.  His  best- 
known  work  as  an  author  is  a  "Historical  1>U- 
course  on  the  Civil  and  Religions  Affairs  of  the 
Colony  of  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plan 
tation  from  the  First  Settlement  in  1C>3S  to  the 
Knd  of  the  First  Century."  An  edition  of  this 
valuable  discourse  was  prepared  with  great  care 
by  Rev.  Romeo  I'd  ton,  D.D..  and  forms  one  of  the 
volumes  of  the  Rhode  Island  Historical  Society's 
collections.  It  is  regarded  as  standard  authority 
in  the  matters  of  which  it  treats.  Mr.  Callender 
collected  also  many  papers,  which  Rev.  Mr.  Backus 
found  to  be  of  great  service  to  him  in  the  prepara 
tion  of  his  history  of  the  Baptists.  Mr.  < 'al lender 
died  Jan.  20.  1748. 

Campbell,  Rev.  Abner  B.,  eldest  M>U  of  Rev. 

J.  II.  Campbell,  and  a  native  of  Georgia,  is  a  man 
of  great  ability,  sincere  piety,  and  exceeding  pru 
dence.  As  a  preacher  he  ranks  high  ;  a  graduate 
of  Mercer  University  ;  he  has  had  charge  of  several 
churches  in  dim-rent  parts  of  the  State,  and  now 
in  the  prime  of  life  he  is  the  beloved  pastor  of  the 
Columbus  church.  He  is  a  trustee  of  Mercer 
University. 

Campbell,  Rev.  Charles  D.,  son  of  Rev.  J.  II. 

Campbell,  the  able  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at 
Athens.  Ga.,  was  educated  at  Mercer  University. 
lie  is  a  preacher  of  more  than  ordinary  power,  and 
a  man  of  decided  intellectual  ability.  He  has  been 
engaged  in  the  ministry  in  Florida  and  Southern 
Georgia  for  quite  a  number  of  years,  and  was 
called  from  the  charge  of  the  church  at  Quitman 
to  his  present  field  of  labor. 

Campbell,  Duncan  R.,  LL.D.,  was  born   in 

Perthshire,  Scotland,  Aug.  14.  1814.  He  was  edu 
cated  for  the  Presbyterian  ministry,  and  in  this 
relation  entered  the  pastorate  at  Nottingham,  Eng- 


(.'.IMI'ISKLL 


land,   and   subsequently    became   ;i   missionary    in 

London.  He  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in 
Mav.  1X4:2.  and  soon  after  his  arrival  at  Richmond, 
Va..  sought  membership  in  the  First  Baptist  chuivh 
of  tliat  citv.  and  was  baptised  by  R"v.  I);',  -Jeter. 
In  the  fall  of  IS42  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of 
Leigh  Street  church  in  Richmond,  and  in  1^4"), 
being  in  poor  health,  he  removed  to  Kentucky,  and 
accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  church  at  (leor^e- 
town.  where  he  labored  witli  great  success  four 
years.  lie  was  then  electetl  Professor  of  Hebrew 
and  Biblical  Literature  in  the  theological  seminary 
at  ( 'ovington.  Kv.  In  \X~)'2  lie  was  elected  presi- 
dent  of  Georgetown  College,  filling  the  position 
with  grait  ability  until  his  death  at  ('ovington.  Ky., 
A ni:-.  Hi.  ISCi."). 

Campbell,  Rev.  E.  A.,  an  efficient  minister,  who 
long  labored  in  the  Red  River  Vallev.  La.,  was  born 
in  North  Carolina  in  ISIS,  and  was  brought  up  in 
Hast  Baton  Rouge  Parish.  La.  He  settled  west  of 
Red  River  in  1845,  and  labored  efficiently  in  this 
part  of  the  State  until  his  death,  in  1X57. 

Campbell,  Rev.  Israel  S.,  is  about  fifty  years 
of  a<j;e  :  was  born  in  Kentucky  during  the  days  of 
slavery  ;  is  nearly  white  in  complexion,  and  presents 
the  appearance  of  a  well-bred  gentleman.  His  stvle 
of  speech  is  so  generally  correct  that,  were  von  not 
looking  at  him.  yon  would  suppose  that  a  well- 
educated  white  man  was  speaking.  By  hard  work 
he  has  been  enabled  to  obtain  an  education  sufficient 
to  make  him  very  useful  among  the  colored  people. 
Tie  was  licensed  to  preach  in  the  State  of  Tennessee, 
and  ordained  in  British  Xorth  America  in  ISoS. 
He  has  ministered  successfully  to  the  following 
churches:  Friendship.  Franklin  Co.,  Tcnn. ;  Sand 
wich.  Little  River.  Buckstonc.  Chatham.  Windsor, 
all  of  Ontario  ;  Sandusky.  Cleveland.  O.  :  Baton 
Rouge,*  iros  Tete.  La. :  Houston,  Hearne.  Columbus, 
and  Galveston,  Texas.  He  has  been  pastor  of  the 
Galveston  church  thirteen  years.  He  has  been 
moderator  of  Associations  in  Michigan,  Louisiana, 
and  Texas,  and  in  the  latter  State  of  one  Association 
for  twelve  years.  He  was  president  of  the  Freed- 
man's  Baptist  State  Convention  two  years.  Tie  has 
acted  as  a  general  missionary  for  Texas  -while  pas 
tor  at  (ialveston.  He  has  baptized  as  many  as  '.)() 
at  one  time,  and  1  100  persons  in  all. 

Israel  S.  Campbell  stands  Well  among  all  classes 
of  citl/.ens  in  Galveston.  and  he  has  been  occasion 
ally  spoken  of  as  a  candidate  for  Congress,  when 
any  one  of  his  race  has  been  considered  as  suitable 
for  a  representative.  He  has  fortunately  escaped 
from  the  entanglements  of  political  life. 

Campbell,  J.  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Mclntosh 
Co..  Ga..  on  the  10th  of  February,  1X07.  His  father, 
of  the  same  name,  could  trace  his  lineage  in  a 
direct  line  to  the  Scottish  clan  of  Campbell.  His 
mother's  name  was  Denham.  and  her  parents.  John 


Denham  and  Sarah  Clancy,  came  to  this  country 
as  emigrants  in  the  same  ship  with  ( ien.  Oglethorpe, 
in  \~i'-'>'.\.  He  was  educated  in  early  life  at  Snnbury, 
Liberty  County,  under  the  tuition  of  Rev.  .James 
Shannon,  a  teacher  of  distinguished  excellence. 
Kntering  the  State  University  at  Athens,  he  spent 
part  of  a  year  there,  being  recalled  home  by  the 
death  of  his  father  to  take  charge  of  the  estate  and 
protect  his  two  orphan  sisters.  Converted  in  his  six 
teenth  year,  he  was  baptized,  joined  the  church, 
and  soon  began  to  preach.  He  immediately  ex 
hibited  remarkable  powers  as  a  preacher,  and  was 
designated  the  ''boy  preacher."  In  his  twenty- 
second  year,  after  the  marriage  of  his  sisters,  he 
repaired  to  Katonton.  (la.,  and  remained  for  two 
years  in  the  theological  school  taught  by  Rev.  Adiel 
Sherwood,  pastor  of  the  Katonton  Baptist  church. 
He  was  ordained  in  181)0,  by  a  Presbytery  consist 
ing  of  C.  O.  Screven.  S.  S.  Law.  -I.  II.  Dunham,  and 
Luther  Rice.  His  first  pastorate  was  at  Macon. 
(la.,  in  !S.')1  ;  then  he  served  at  various  times  during 
a  loiiLr.  laborious,  and  verv  useful  life  the  churches 
at  Clinton.  McDonough,  Richland.  Twiggs  County, 
Lumpkin,  Griffin,  and  Perry,  among  others.  All 
through  life  he  devoted  himself  entirely  to  the  duties 
of  his  sacred  calling,  never  turning  aside  to  engage 
in  ain"  secular  occupation,  and  through  his  instru 
mentality  thousands  have  been  brought  into  the 
kingdom  of  -Jesus.  For  five  years  he  was  the  very 
successful  agent  for  foreign  missions  in  Georgia, 
after  which  he  entered  upon  the  work  of  an  evan 
gelist  for  the  State  at  large,  in  which  lie  was  also 
eminently  successful.  While  thus  engaged  the  late 
war  commenced,  when  he  became  a  voluntary  mis 
sionary  in  the  army,  in  which  useful  work  he  per 
severed  until  the  conflict  ended.  His  labors  were 
sanctified  to  the  salvation  of  hundreds,  if  not  of 
thousands. 

Mr.  Campbell  has  been  a  willing  and  active  fel 
low-laborer  with  the  most  prominent  Baptists  of 
Georgia  for  the  last  half-century,  participating 
actively  in  all  their  educational  and  benevolent 
schemes  and  enterprise's.  For  more  than  thirty 
years  he  acted  upon  the  board  of  trustees  for  Mer 
cer  University;  was  instrumental  in  founding  col 
leges  for  young  ladies  at  Lumpkin  and  Cuthbert, 
and  in  establishing  the  Georgia  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Institution  at  Cave  Spring. 

Perhaps  no  man  of  modern  times  has  been  more 
devoted  to  the  work  of  preaching  Christ  and  him 
crucified,  and  few  have  been  more  successful  in 
building  up  bis  kingdom.  As  a  revival  preacher 
he  is  very  powerful,  his  style  being  ardent,  earnest, 
pathetic,  and  eloquent.  He  is  a  man  of  great 
firmness  of  will,  never  abandoning  an  object  when 
convinced  of  its  propriety  and  importance.  His 
chief  literary  work  is  "Georgia  Baptists — Histori 
cal  and  Biographical."  an  exceedingly  valuable 


CAMPBELL 


179 


('AXAI)IAX 


book,  in  which  is  gathered  much  information  which 
otherwise  would  have  been  lost.  Two  of  his  sons 
are  now  ministers  of  the  gospel,  occupying  promi 
nent  pastorates  in  the  State. 

Mr.  Campbell's  life  lias  been  no  failure.  Side  by 
side  with  the  wisest  and  best  of  the  denomination 
he  has  labored  faithfully  and  efficiently  to  build  up 
the  Baptist  interests  of  Georgia  and  promote  the 
honor  of  Jesus. 

Campbell,  Hen.  John  Price,  Jr.,  son  of  John 
Price  Campbell,  was  horn  in  Christian  Co.,  Ivy., 
Dec.  8,  1820.  lie  was  educated  for  the  law.  and 
practiced  the  profession  for  nine  years  at  Lexing 
ton.  Mo.,  serving  two  terms  in  the  Legislature  of 
that  State :  removing  to  his  native  State,  was 
elected  to  Commas  in  isf>f>.  At  the  close  of  his 
term  he  declined  re-election  and  retired  to  private, 
life  on  his  farm  in  Christian  County,  where  lie  has 
since  remained. 

Campbell,  Rev.  William  J.,  was  born  in  ixii>. 
and  was.  until  he  readied  manhood,  the  servant  of 
Mr.  Piuilding.  As  the  body-servant  of  his  master 
he  traveled  extensively,  and  gathered  general  in 
formation,  which  was  valuable  to  him  as  a  preacher 
and  pastor,  lie  was  baptized  by  Andrew  Marshall, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  First  Colored  Baptist 
church  in  Savannah  ;  was  elected  a  deacon,  and  in 
a  few  years  after  this  was  licensed  to  preach.  An 
drew  Marshall  took  a  great  interest  in  him.  and 
when  he  left  home  on  a  collecting  mission  in  the 
North.  A\  m.  J.  Campbell  was  placed  in  charge  of 
the  church.  Andrew  Marshall  never  returned, 
having  died  in  Virginia.  Win.  .J.  Campbell  be 
came  pastor  about  the  year  18;">(>.  He  entered  with 
energy  upon  the  work  of  completing  the  brick 
building  on  Franklin  Square.  He  secured  means 
for  this  purpose  at  home  and  abroad.  It  was  fin 
ished  and  opened  for  worship  during  the  war,  and 
the  dedication  sermon  was  delivered  by  Rev.  S. 
Landrum.  It  is  a  very  neat  and  large  church  edi 
fice.  Mr.  Campbell  regarded  its  dedication  to  God 
as  sacred.  At  the  clo*e  of  the  war,  when  other 
colored  churches  were  opened  for  political  purposes, 
this  was  kept  closed  against  all  such  assemblies. 
The  church  became  very  large.  A  few  years  a^o 
a  difficulty  arose,  which  resulted  in  the  pastor  and 
deacons,  with  TOO  members,  retiring  from  the  build 
ing,  but  claiming  still  to  be  the  church.  After  this 
Mr.  Campbell  and  his  friends  worshiped  in  a  hall 
of  the  Beech  Institute. 

Mr.  Campbell  was  fully  African,  quite  black, 
about  five  feet  eight  inches  high.  lie  died  on  the 
H)th  of  October.  1880,  aged  sixty-eight.  He  left  a 
wife,  but  no  children.  His  funeral  was  attended 
by  twelve  or  fifteen  hundred  people  from  the  First 
Bryan  Baptist  church.  Rev.  U.  L.  Houston  pastor. 

He  had  the  respect  of  the  people  of  Savannah, 
and  especially  of  the  white  population.  The  pas 


torates  of  Andrew  Brvan,  Andrew  Marshall,  and 
Win.  J.  Campbell  over  the  same  church,  virtually, 
extended  from  177")  to  1880.  a  period  of  105  years. 

Canadian  Literary  Institute. — A  few  friends 

of  ministerial  education  in  Canada,  not  whollv  dis 
couraged  by  the  failure  to  establish  a  permanent 
institution  at  Montreal  (see  article  MONTREAL  Coi,- 
LI-:GK).  resolved,  in  the  autumn  of  1S;">0.  to  make 
another  experiment,  which,  while  having  special 
reference  to  the  training  of  young  men  for  the  min 
istry,  should  also  look  to  the  general  education  of 
the  young  of  either  sex.  Liberal  oilers  wen;  made 
by  three  places  —  Fonthill,  Brantford,  and  Wood 
stock — to  induce  the  friends  of  the  enterprise  to  lo 
cate  the  institute  in  these  towns.  Woodstock  was 
selected,  responsible  parties  having  pledged  $16,000 
to  be  given  to  the  institute.  In  due  time  Rev.  Dr. 
R.  A.  Fyfe  was  called  to  take  charge  of  the  institu 
tion,  and  the  school  was  opened  July  4,  181)0.  and 
its  prospects  looked  hopeful.  These  prospects  were 
apparently  blighted  bv  a  tire,  which,  on  the  8th 
of  January,  consumed  the  institute;  building.  A 
largo  number  of  students  had  just  come  to  Wood 
stock,  after  a  vacation,  to  commence  work  in  their 
respective  classes,  and.  in  spite  of  the  great  misfor 
tune  which  had  befallen  the  school,  it  was  decided 
to  go  on.  A  deep  interest  was  awakened  among 
the  Canadian  Baptists  in  consequence  of  the  disas 
ter  referred  to.  and  what  at  first  seemed  a  great 
calamity  turned  out  to  be  a  rich  blessing.  In  a  few 
weeks  S2 1.000  were  pledged  towards  the  erection 
of  a  new  building,  larger  and  better  than  the  one; 
that  had  been  burned.  But  there  are  other  and 
more  pressing  wants  of  a  youn^  struggling  seat 
of  learning  besides  proper  buildings.  One  bv  <  ne 
these  have  been  met.  and  successful  work  done  in 
both  the  literarv  and  the  theological  departments. 
The  statistics  which  we  are  able  to  give  of  what 
the  institute  has  accomplished  since  it.  was  opened 
in  iSfiO  show  that  hundreds  have  been  the 
recipients  of  its  advantage's,  many  of  whom  have 
entered  the  ministry;  (>1  have  graduated  from  the 
theological  department :  40  have  settled  as  pastors 
who  were  unable  to  take  a  full  course-  of  study.  A 
large  number  of  persons,  both  male  and  female, 
who  have  enjoyed  the  benefits  of  the  courses  of 
study  which  the  institute  has  furnished,  are  in  the  dif 
ferent  professions  and  callings  of  life,  owing  to  it  a 
debt  of  gratitude  which  they  cannot  easily  repay. 
The  school  has  now  reached  a  period  to  which  all 
similar  seminaries  of  learning  sooner  or  later  come, 
when  its  future  usefulness,  and  existence  even,  de 
pend  on  the  solution. of  the  question  of  endowment. 
The  late  lamented  president,  Dr.  Fyfe.  asked  that  at 
least  Si 'JO.OOO  should  be  raised  for  such  an  endow 
ment.  The  question  of  the  removal  of  the  theolog 
ical  department  to  Toronto  has  been  discussed. 
Should  the  funds  necessary  to  plae/%  both  the  lit- 


ISO 


CA  XX  K 


erarv  and  tlio  theological  departments  on  a  linn 
foundation  IK'  secured,  tlie  proposed  plan  may  be 

carried  out.  Since  the  above  was  written  it  lias 
been  decided  that  a  theological  seminary  shall  be 
erected  near  Toronto,  the  site  and  buildings  of  which 
will  cost.  S7">.000,  and  a  generous  member  of  the 
.Jarvis  Street  church  of  Toronto,  whose  liberality 
is  known  throughout  Canada,  has  agreed  to  defray 
the  entire  expense  of  the  ground  and  structure. 

Candee,  John  Button,  editor  of  the  Bridgeport 
Ji<-/ni/>/if/i/i  Xlanddrd,  Conn.,  son  of  Benjamin  and 
Almira  C.  (Ihuton)  Candee,  was  born  in  Pompey, 
X.  V..  -lir.ie  \'l,  ISI'.I.  His  ancestors  were  among 
the  earliest  settlers  of  New  Kngland  ;  his  parents 
were  natives  of  Oxford,  Conn.;  the  Candees  were 
of  llniiuenot  blood  and  the  Duttons  of  English  ex 
traction.  At  the  age  of  nine,  soon  after  the  death 
of  his  father,  he  became  a  farm-boy:  afterwards 
serving  in  a  printing-office;  was  fitted  lor  college 
in  Hamilton.  N.  V. :  passed  two  years  at  Madison 
University:  entered  Yale  College,  and  graduated 
in  1>47.  lie  studied  law.  and  practiced  the  legal 
profession  for  about  twelve  years:  in  lSii:5  he 
be^ati  his  career  as  an  editor,  and  has  continued  as 
such  until  the  present  time  (ISSO);  was  bapti'/.ed 
in  .Mav.  I  S3;},  by  Rev.  Uollin  H.Xeale.  \l\l.  in 
X'ew  Haven.  Conn.:  always  interested  in  Sunday- 
schools;  lias  been  prominently  connected  with  the 
religious  interests  of  ( 'onnecticut  :  was  clerk  of  the 
State  Legislature;  served  for  years  as  prosecuting 
officer  of  X'ew  Haven,  two  years  as  city  attorney, 
and  one  year  as  city  councilman  ;  three  years  as 
common  councilman  of  Bridgeport,  Conn.  lie  is 
known  bv  his  graceful  pen.  decided  views,  strong 
principles,  and  purity  of  life.  .His  able  conduct  of 
the  daily  and  weekly  Standard,  of  Bridgeport, 
Conn.,  as  editor  and  publisher,  has  given  him  a 
•worthy  historical  niche. 

Canne,  Rev.  John. — Mr.  Canne  was  a  native 
of  Kngland.  He  was  born  about  1590.  For  some 
time  lie  ministered  to  a  church  in  the  Episcopal 
establishment  of  his  native  country,  and  for  many 
years  he  was  pastor  of  "The  Ancient  Knglisli 
Church"  of  Amsterdam,  in  Holland.  In  Amster 
dam  he  carried  on  the  business  of  a  printer  and 
bookseller,  though  it  is  certain  that  be  could  have 
given  little,  if  any.  personal  attention  to  these  pur 
suits,  when  we  consider  his  zeal  and  journeys  to 
preach  the  gospel  and  found  churches,  and  his 
very  numerous  writings. 

In  1(KJ4  lit;  published  in  Amsterdam  "The  Ne 
cessity  of  Separation."  a  work  which  was  widely 
circulated  in  Kngland.  and  which  produced  very 
important  results.  The  object  of  the  book  was  to 
show  the  Puritans  in  the  English  Church  that  they 
were  bound  to  forsake  her  ceremonies,  her  bishops, 
and  her  comfortable  livings  and  found  pure  churches 
<>('  their  own.  The  Boston  Puritans  were  angry 


with  Roger  Williams  for  holding  the  same  doc 
trine.  One  of  the  most  successful  efforts  of  Mr. 
Canne' s  life  resulted  from  a  visit  he  paid  to  Bristol 
in  1()41.  At  that  time  there  was  a  clergyman  in 
Bristol  named  llaz/.ard.  rector  of  one  of  the  city 
churches,  a  Puritan.  .Mrs.  Dorothy  Max/ard,  his 
wife,  was  a  lady  of  great  faith  and  of  firm  resolu 
tion.  When  Bristol  was  besieged,  as  the  rumor 
spread  that  some  of  the  enemv  had  penetrated 
within  the  lines  of  its  defenders.  "  she  and  other 
women,  with  the  help  of  some  men.  stopped  up 
Froome  gate  with  woolsacks  and  earth  to  keep  the 
enemy  from  entering  the  city  ;  and  when  the  women 
had  done  this  they  went  to  the  gunners  and  told 
them  that  if  they  would  stand  out  and  fight  they 
would  stand  by  them,  and  they  should  not  want 
for  provisions."  Mrs.  lla/./.ard.  ( loodman  Atkins. 
Goodman  Cole.  Ilichard  Moone.  and  Mr.  Bacon 
had  formed  a  separate  meeting  in  1040.  in  Mrs. 
Hazzard's  house,  to  worship  the  Lord  according  to 
the  requirements  of  his  Holy  \\ord.  The  meet 
ing,  however,  was  not  intended  to  be  a  church,  and 
in  all  probability  would  have  perished,  like  thou 
sands  of  similar  unions  for  social  worship,  had  not 
John  Canne  visited  Bristol  in  \t\4\.  "This  \><ip- 
lizc.d,  man."  as  he  is  called,  or  Baptist,  "was  very 
eminent  in  his  day  for  godliness  and  for  reforma 
tion  in  religion,  having  great  understanding  in  the 
way  of  the  Lord."  Mrs.  Haz/ard  having  heard 
of  his  arrival,  brought  him  from  the  hotel  to  her 
residence,  and  he  instructed  the  little  meeting  in 
the  way  of  the  Lord  more  perfectly,  and  constituted 
them  into  a  church  of  Christ,  and  he  showed  them 
the  difference  between  a  true  and  a  false  church, 
and  when  he  left  them  he  gave  them  books  to  con 
firm  and  establish  them  in  church  order  and  gospel 
purity.  Broadmead  church.  Bristol,  thus  ushered 
into  life,  is  a  flourishing  community  at  this  day. 
and  its  record  for  usefulness  is  behind  few  churches 
of  any  denomination  in  the  Old  World. 

Edward  Ten-ill,  baptized  seventeen  years  after 
John  Canne  formed  the  church,  at  his  death,  left 
a  valuable  bequest  to  educate  young  men  for  the 
Baptist  ministry.  His  enlightened  liberality  led 
to  the  establishment  of  Bristol  College,  and  indi 
rectly  of  our  other  British  colleges. 

The  greatest  work  of  John  Canne' s  laborious 
and  useful  life  was  his  marginal  references  to 
the  Bible.  It  was  published  at  Amsterdam  about 
1037.  It  was  the  first  English  Bible  that  had  mar 
ginal  references  throughout.  This  effort  of  Canne 
has  been  a  blessing  of  the  greatest  magnitude  to 
the  readers  of  the  English  Bible  ever  since,  and, 
like  the  "Pilgrim's  Progress,"  it  justly  purchased 
for  Mr.  Canne  an  immortality  of  fame.  The  labor 
expended  upon  it  was  immense.  Before  the  writer 
lies  a  copy  of  the  Edinburgh  edition  of  1747,  with 
Canne's  preface,  in  which  he  states:  "It  is  said 


CAPERTON 


181 


of  Jacob  that  lie  ser\red  seven  years  for  Rachel, 
and  it  seemed  but  a  few  days  for  the  love  he  had 
for  her.  I  can  truly  speak  it ;  I  have  served  the  : 
Lord  in  this  work  more  than  thrice  seven  years, 
and  the  time  hath  not  seemed  long,  neither  hath 
the  work  been  any  way  a  burden  to  me  for  the  love 
I  have  had  for  it." 

One  reason  which  he  gives  for  the  preparation 
of  his  work  is,  "  Some  people  will  be  more  willing 
and  forward  to  read  and  search  the  Scriptures, 
having  by  them  a  guide  and  help,  as  when  they 
meet  with  any  place  that  is  dark,  and  they  under 
stand  it  not.  than  by  direction  to  some  other  text 
of  Scripture  immediately  to  bo  informed  and  satis 
fied,  without  looking  into  commentaries,  which  it 
may  be  they  have  not.  A  Scripture  interpreter 
will  encourage  men  to  exercise  themselves  in  the 
meditation  and  study  of  the  Scriptures,  as  when  a 
man  hath  a  light  carried  before  him  he  goeth  more 
cheerfully  than  if  he  were  in  the  dark  and  groped 
for  his  way.  Bv  this  means  not  only  the  knowledge 
of  God  and  his  truth  will  grow  and  increase,  but 
the  Scriptures  will  be  unto  people  more  familiar 
and  mure  their  own  (as  I  may  say)  than  they 
were  before."  His  leading  principle  is  that  "the 
Scripture  is  the  best  interpreter  of  the  Scripture." 
Mr.  Canne  was  governed  by  the  Baptist  maxim 
that  the  Bible  is  everything  in  religion,  and  as  a 
result  of  this  that  the  Scripture  should  lie  studied 
by  every  human  being.  To  his  eighteen  published 
works,  Oanne  intended  to  add  "  an  edition  of  the 
Bible  in  a  large  and  fair  character,  with  large  an 
notations."  a  work  upon  which  he  had  spent  many 
years,  a  commentary  ;  but  lie  did  not  live  to  see 
it  completed. 

He  was  frequently  persecuted,  very  much  loved, 
and  widely  useful.  He  died  in  1667. 

Caperton,  Alexander  Cotton,  D.D.,  was  bom 

in  Jackson  Co.,  Ala.,  Felt.  4.  1831.  His  early  child 
hood  was  spent  on  a  farm  in  Mississippi,  whither 
his  parents  had  removed.  He  received  the  rudi- 
rnent.s  of  an  education  in  the  common  schools  of  his 
neighborhood,  and  afterwards  taught  school  to  pro 
cure  the  means  for  entering  Mississippi  College, 
where  he  graduated  in  1856.  He  then  went  to 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1858  graduated  in  the 
theological  seminary  at  that  place.  He  returned 
home  and  accepted  a  professorship  in  Mississippi 
College.  During  the  civil  war  he  engaged  in  farm 
ing  as  a  means  of  support  for  his  family,  but  did 
nut  desist  from  preaching.  At  the  close  of  the  war 
he  was  chosen  pastor  of  a  church  in  Memphis,  and 
was  subsequently  stationed  at  Mayfield,  Ky.,  and 
Evansville,  Ind.  In  1S71  he  became  co-editor,  and 
soon  after  sole  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Western 
Recorder,  a  leading  Baptist  weekly  paper,  pub 
lished  at  Louisville.  Ky.  lie  is  also  editor  and 
proprietor  of  the  American  Jiaptist,  a  paper  pub 


lished  at  Louisville  for  the  colored  people,  and  has 
established  a  book  and  publishing  house  in  Louis 
ville.  In  addition  to  these  labors.  Dr.  Caperton 
preached  several  hundred  times  a  year,  and  is  an 
active  member  of  the  missionary  and  Sunday-school 
boards  of  his  denomination  in  Kenttu-kv. 

Capwell,  Albert  B.,  Esq.,  a  well-known  lawyer 
and  prominent  Baptist  layman  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
was  born  in  Middlebury.  N.  Y..  in  ISIS,  and  died 
in  Brooklyn,  Aug.  123.  1SSO.  He  was  graduated 
from  Y'ale  College  in  1S42.  He  studied  law  at  the 
Harvard  Law  School,  and  commenced  practice  in 
Xew  York  in  1S45.  He  devoted  himself  to  civil 
cases,  especially  to  those  involving  life  insurance 
and  real  estate  titles.  lie  was  a  prominent  member 
of  Strong  Place  Baptist  church,  and  one  of  its 
founders  ;  served  as  a  deacon  for  many  years,  and 
was  an  active  worker  in  the  Sunday-school,  lie 
was  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Bap 
tist.  Home  for  the  Aired  in  Brooklyn,  and  also  of  the 
Baptist  Social  Union.  He  has  been  elected  on 
several  occasions  moderator  of  the  Long  Island 
Baptist  Association.  He  was  also  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  Rochester  Theological  Semi 
lie  was  identified  with  many  of  the  great 


benevolent  enterprises  of  the  Baptists,  and  philan 
thropic  institutions  of  the  country. 

Carey,  Rev.  George  Montgomery  W.,  A.M., 

was  born  in  Belfast,  Ireland,  March    10,  IS'20.  and 
trained  at  the  Moravian  School,  Grace  Hill,  near 


REV.  UKORUE     MONTGOM  KKV     \V.   CAHEV,    A.M. 

Belfast;  converted  in  Glengarry  County,  Canada, 
and  baptized  at  Breadalbane,  in  the  same  county, 
July,  1847  ;  graduated  from  Rochester  University 


July.  IS') 6;  ordained  at  St.  Catharines.  Ontario, 
soon  after:  graduated  from  Rochester  Theological 
Scminarv,  1S")S.  and  continued  at  St.  Catherines; 
became  in  lS(>f>  pastor  of  German  Street  Baptist 
church.  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  and  still  con 
tinues  in  the  oflice  with  threat  acceptance  and  use 
fulness.  Mr.  Carey  is  very  popular  in  the  pulpit 
and  on  the  platform. 

Carey,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in  I'urey, 
Northamptonshire,  England,  Aug.  17.  I7ol.  In 
his  bovhood  he  was  an  extreme  Episcopalian,  re 
garding  dissenters  with  sovereign  contempt.  His 
father  and  grandfather  officiated  as  clerks  in  the 
Episcopal  Church,  and  young  Carey  from  childhood 


U"  I  U.I  AM    CAREY,    1).D. 

loved  the  house  in  which  they  held  this  humble 
position. 

Mr.  Carey  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Ryland,  Oct.  ">. 
1783.  in  the  river  Nen,  just  above  Dr.  Doddridge's 
church,  Northampton.  For  three  years  and  a 
half  he  preached  to  a  little  community  in  Bos 
ton,  walking  six  miles  each  way  to  render  the 
service. 

He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  of  Moulton 
Aug.  J,  17X7 ;  the  sermon  on  the  occasion  was 
preached  by  tin;  Rev.  Andrew  Fuller.  His  salary 
at  Moulton  wns  just  $75  a  year,  and  when  he  en 
tered  upon  his  labors  in  that  field  he  had  a  wife 
and  two  children  to  support. 

Mr.  Carey  had  probably  the  greatest  facility  for 
acquiring  foreign  languages  ever  possessed  by  any 
human  being.  At  any  rate,  no  one  ever  possessed 
a  larger  measure  of  this  extraordinary  talent.  In 
seven  vears  he  learned  Latin,  (jreek,  Hebrew, 


French,  and  I  hitch,  and  in  acquiring  these  lan 
guages  lie  had  scarcely  any  assistance. 

In  reading  the  voyages  of  the  celebrated  Captain 
Cook  lie  first  had  his  attention  directed  to  the 
heathen  world,  and  especially  to  its  doomed  con 
dition  ;  the  topic  soon  filled  his  mind  and  engrossed 
his  heart.  And  though  the  subject  was  besc't  by 
innumerable  and  apparently  insurmountable  dilli- 
culties,  and  though  the  work  was  novel  to  him  and 
to  everv  one  of  his  friends,  yet  he  felt  impelled  by 
an  unseen  power  to  go  and  preach  the  gospel  to  the 
heathen.  His  first  selected  field  of  labor  was  Tahiti. 

lie  issued  a  pamphlet  entitled  "  An  Inquiry  into 
the  Obligation  of  Christians  to  I  >e  Means  for  the 
Conversion  of  the  Heathen."  This  publication 
made  a  deep  impression  upon  Mr.  Carey's  friends, 
and  it  had  an  extensive  influence  in  turning  their 
minds  and  hearts  to  the  idolaters  of  distant  lands. 
Mr.  Carey  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Leices 
ter  in  I7SU,  and  there  he  labored  with  untiring 
faithfulness  among  his  flock,  and  formed  plans 
with  unquenchable  y.eal  for  the  salvation  of  the 
heathen.  From  this  church  he  went  forth  to  India 
to  give  (Jod's  Word  to  its  vast  population. 

At  the  meeting  of  his  Association,  wliich  was 
held  at  Nottingham.  May  30.  \~i(.l'2,  he  [(reached  on 
Isaiah  liv.  '2,  3,  announcing  the  two  memorable 
divisions  of  his  discourse:  "Expect  great  things 
from  (!od:  attempt  great  things  for  Cod."  The 
sermon  stirred  up  the  hearts  of  his  hearers  as  they 
had  never  been  before;  every  one  felt  the  guilt  of 
keeping  the  gospel  from  perishing  myriads,  ami 
the  need  of  making  an  effort  to  win  his  ignorant 
enemies  to  their  Master.  At  Kettering.  the  church 
of  Andrew  Fuller,  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society 
was  organized  Oct.  2,  171)2.  The  society  was  for 
mally  instituted  in  the  house  of  the  widow  <,f  Deacon 
Beeby  \Vallis.  The  little  parlor  which  witnessed 
the  birth  of  this  society  was  the  mos,  honored 
room  in  the  British  Islands,  or  in  any  part  of 
Christendom  ;  in  it  was  formed  the  first  society  of 
modern  times  for  spreading  the  gospel  among  the 
heathen,  the  parent  of  all  the  great  Protestant 
missionary  societies  in  existence. 

The  British  East  India  Company  had  the  gov 
ernment  of  India  at  this  period.  No  white  man 
could  settle  in  that  country  without  their  permis 
sion,  nor  remain  in  it  longer  than  they  pleased. 
No  ship  could  trade  with  it  except  one  of  their 
vessels.  The  Company  was  intensely  hostile  to 
missionaries,  and  to  please  the  people  of  India 
they  were  ready  to  show  the  greatest  respect  for 
their  gods.  In  1801  a  deputation  from  the  govern 
ment  went  in  procession  to  the  Kalee  ghaut,  the 
most  opulent  and  popular  shrine  of  the  metropolis, 
and  presented  500U  rupees  to  the  idol  in  the  name 
of  the  Company  for  the  success  which  had  attended 
the  British  arms. 


183 


A  Baptist  surgeon  in  India,  named  Thomas,  had 
preached  Christ  occasionally  to  the  natives,  and  in 
17'J3    lie  was   in    England    to   secure  sonic   fcl low- 
worker   to   go  back   with   him    to   that   dark   land. 
Carey  and   he  were  appointed   missionaries  by  the 
new  society.     They  engaged  passage  on  the  "Earl 
of  Oxford"  to  sail  for  the  East,  and  they  went  on 
board  to  leave  their  native  land  :  but  Mr.  Carey  had 
no  license  to  go  to    India  from   the  Companv,  and 
both  the  missionaries  were  put  ashore:   Carev  was 
greatly  distressed  by  this  unexpected  blow,  and  felt 
as  if  his  hopes  were  permanently  crushed,  but  soon 
the    Danish    East    Indiaman.  the  "  Kron    Princessa 
Maria."  was  found,  and  in  her  they  sailed  June  13, 
17'Jo.      The  voyage  was  a   prosperous  one,  and  the 
missionaries   landed    in    health.      For  a   few  years 
Mr.  Carey   had   charge  of  an   indigo-factory,  from 
which    he    received    €240   per   annum  :   and   at   the 
same  time  he  labored  unobtrusively  as  a  missionary, 
fie  could   not  stay  in    British    India  as  an   avowed 
missionary,    and    when,    on    their    landing    in    Cal 
cutta.  Marshman   and  Ward  were  ordered   back   to 
England,    because    the    captain    of   their    vessel    re 
turned    them    to    the   authorities    as    missionaries, 
Carey  determined    to  make  his  abode  at  Serampore 
for   the   future,  and   to  take  Marshman  and  Ward 
with  him.  where  they  could  stay  in  defiance  of  the 
British   East    India   Companv.      Serampore  was   a 
Danish   settlement  on    the   river    lloogly,    15   miles 
from  Calcutta.     The   kings  of  Denmark   had   sent 
out  missionaries  to  convert  the  natives,  and  their 
government  was  in  hearty  sympathy  with  missions. 
Col.  Bie,  the  representative  of  the  Danish  sovereign 
at  Serampore,  received  Carey  and  his  brethren  with 
generous   hospitality,   and    he    protected    them    for 
years  against  the    powerful   governors   of  British 
India.     The  providence  of  God  evidently  kept  this 
little  spot  under  the  rule  of  Denmark  as  a  refuge 
for  the  missionaries  until  the  pious  people  of  (ireat 
Britain   should   abolish    the  heathenish   law  which 
excluded   missionaries  from  India.      Even    the  king 
of  Denmark  himself,  as  he  learned  from  the  •gover 
nor  of  Serampore  the  character  and  worth  of  the 
missionaries,  became   their   firm   friend.      In    1S21, 
Frederick  VI..  king  of  Denmark,  sent  the  mission 
aries  a  gold  medal,  as  an  express  on  of  his  appre 
ciation   of  their   labors,    and   endowed    the   college; 
which    they  had  founded  with    the  rent   of  a  house 
worth  about  Sf>UOO.      And  when   in    IS4">  the  suc 
cessor  of  Frederick  ceded  the  Seramp  ire  settlement 
to  the  British  government,  he  had  an  article  inserted 
in  the  treaty  confirming  the  Danish  charter  of  the 
Serampore  Baptist  College. 

At  Serampore  the  missionaries  set  up  printing- 
presses  and  a  large  boarding-school,  and  in  process 
of  time  founded  a  college.  They  preached  inces 
santly,  and  Carey  particularly  studied  the  languages, 
of  the  country  with  a  measure  of  success  never 


equaled  before  or  since  by  any  other  settler  in  In 
dia,  lie  soon  became  the  most  learned  man  in  the 
country.  When  Lord  Wellesley  founded  the  Col 
lege  of  Fort  William,  in  Calcutta,  in  ISO],  to  teach 
the  language  of  Bengal  to  young  Englishmen  in 
the  civil  service  of  the  Companv  in  India,  Dr.  Carey 
was  the  only  man  in  the  East  or  in  (ireat  Britain 
qualified  to  teach  that  language  correctly,  and  he 
received  and  accepted  the  appointment  of  professor 
in  Fort  William.  In  December,  1S29,  an  act,  for 
which  he  had  long  labored,  was  passed  by  the 
Council  in  India,  abolishing  the  practice  of  burning 
widows  with  the  bodies  of  their  dead  husbands.  It 
was  determined  to  publish  the  English  and  Bengali 
copies  of  the  act  simultaneously,  and  Dr.  Carey  was 
selected  to  make  the  version  for  the  people  of  Ben 
gal.  Every  day  cost  the  lives  of  two  widows,  and 
instead  of  going  into  the  pulpit  on  the  morning  of 
the  Lord's  day.  when  he  received  the  order  from 
Henry  Shakespear,  the  secretary  of  the  irovern- 
inent,  lie  commenced  his  translation,  and  completed 
it  before  night,  and  that  glorious  act  of  Lord  "Wil 
liam  Bentinck.  so  dear  to  William  Carey's  heart, 
went  forth  to  the  nations  of  India  in  the  polished 
Bengali  of  the  great  Baptist  missionary. 

Carey  was  the  author  of  a.  Mahratta  grammar, 
and  of  a  Sanscrit  grammar,  extending  over  more 
than  a  thousand  quarto  pages,  a  Punjabi  grammar, 
a  Telinga  grammar,  and  of  a  Mahratta  dictionary, 
a  Bengali  dictionary,  a  Bhotanta  dictionary,  and  a 
Sanscrit  dictionary,  the  manuscript  of  which  was 
burned  before;  it  was  printed.  He  was  also  the 
author  of  several  other  secular  works. 

"The  versions  of  the  Sacred  Scriptures,  in  the 
preparation  of  which  he  took  an  active  and  labori 
ous  part,  include  the  Sanscrit.  Hindu,  Brijbbhassa, 
Mahratta,  Bengali,  Oriya,  Telinga,  Karnata.  Mal- 
divian,  Gurajattee.  Bulooshe.  Pushtoo,  Punjabi, 
Kashmeer.  Assam.  Burman.  Pali,  or  Magudha,  Ta- 
mul,  Cingalese.  Armenian.  Malay,  Hindostani.  and 
Persian.  In  six  of  these  tongues  the  whole  Scrip 
tures  have  been  translated  and  circulated  :  the  New 
Testament  has  appeared  in  '!?,  lanuuau'es,  besides 
various  dialects  in  which  smaller  portions  of  the 
sacred  text  have  been  printed.  In  thirty  years 
Carey  and  his  brethren  rendered  the  Word  of  God 
accessible  to  one-third  of  the  world."  And  even 
this  is  not  all  :  before  Carey's  death  212,000  copies 
of  the  Scriptures  were  issued  from  Serampore  in 
40  different  languages,  the  tongues  of  3;J>0,0()0,()00 
of  the  human  family.  Dr.  Carey  was  the  greatest 
tool-maker  for  missionaries  that  ever  labored  for 
(iod.  His  versions  are  used  to-day  by  all  denomi 
nations  of  Christians  throughout  India. 

Most  of  his  income  was  given  away  in  Bible 
distribution.  The  missionaries  at  Serampore  placed 
their  gains  in  a  common  fund,  from  which  they  drew 
a  scanty  support;  Marshman's  successful  school 


CAUKY 


184 


CARPENTER 


and  Carey's  professorship  furnished  a  large  sur 
plus  for  the  printing  and  circulation  of  tlie  Scrip 
tures.  Carey,  Marshman,  and  Ward  gave  during 
their  stay  in  India  nearly  §400,000  to  the  spread 
of  revealed  li^ht  in  that  country  cursed  by  miser 
able  gods. 

The  first  Hindoo  convert  baptized  by  Dr.  Carey 
in  India  was  the  celebrated  Krishna  Pal.  Dr. 
Carey  founded  churches  and  mission  stations  in 
many  parts  of  India,  and  planted  seed  from  which 
he  gathered  precious  harvests,  and  from  which  his 
successors  have  reaped  abundantly. 

A  visitor  in  1821  describes  Dr.  Carey  as  short  in 
stature,  with  white  hair,  and  a  countenance  equally 
bland  and  benevolent  in  feature  and  expression. 

lie  had  three  wives,  one  of  whom  reluctantly  ac 
companied  him  from  his  native  land,  and  the  second 
and  third  he  married  in  India. 

The  last  sickness  of  Dr.  Carey  found  him  with 
perfect  peace  of  mind  ;  lie  was  ready  and  anxious 
to  go  to  his  blessed  Saviour.  Lady  Bentinck,  the 
wife  of  the  governor,  frequently  visited  him,  and 
Bishop  Wilson,  of  Calcutta,  came  and  besought  his 
blessing.  lie  died  June  (J,  1S34,  in  his  seventy- 
third  year. 

Dr.  Carey  had  great  decision  of  character.  After 
he  had  thoroughly  weighed  a  subject  his  resolution 
about  it  was  taken,  and  nothing  could  make  him 
change  the  purpose  he  had  formed.  His  persever 
ance  to  accomplish  a  proper  end  knew  no  bounds  ; 
he  would  labor  through  discouragements  for  twenty 
years  or  more  to  carry  out  a  Christian  purpose. 
When  lie  had  a  clear  conviction  of  duty  he  could 
not  disobey  his  conscience;  to  keep  it  without  of 
fense  was  one  of  the  great  aims  of  his  life,  lie 
never  doubted  the  help  of  God  in  his  own  time  to 
aid  him  in  carrying  out  the  plan  of  love  which  he 
had  formed.  He  carefully  husbanded  every  mo 
ment,  and  in  that  way  he  was  able  to  perform  more 
labor  than  any  man  in  Europe  or  Asia  in  his  day. 
He  had  as  unselfish  a  heart  as  ever  beat  with  love 
to  Jesus. 

In  denouncing  contemptuous  sneers  poured  on 
Carey,  Marshman,  and  Ward,  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Southey  says,  ''These  low-born,  low-bred  me 
chanics  have  done  more  to  spread  the  knowledge 
of  the  Scriptures  among  the  heathen  than  has  been 
accomplished,  or  even  attempted,  by  all  the  world 
beside."  In  the  British  House  of  Commons  the 
celebrated  William  Wilberforce  said  of  Dr.  Carey, 
''  lie  had  the  genius  as  well  as  the  benevolence  to 
devise  the  plan  of  a  society  for  communicating 
the  blessings  of  Christian  light  to  the  natives  of 
India.  To  qualify  himself  for  this  truly  noble  en 
terprise  he  had  resolutely  applied  himself  to  the 
study  of  the  learned  languages;  and  after  making 
considerable  proficiency  in  them,  applied  himself 
to  several  of  the  Oriental  tongues,  and  more  espe 


cially  to  the  Sanscrit,  in  which  his  proficiency  is 
acknowledged  to  be  greater  than  that  of  Sir  Wil 
liam  Jones,  or  any  other  European."  At  his  death 
resolutions  expressive  of  admiration  for  the  great 
benevolence  and  vast  learning  of  Dr.  Carey  were 
passed  by  many  societies  in  Europe  and  Asia. 
Nor  is  there  any  doubt  that  had  Carey  been  a 
Catholic  he  would  have  been  canonized  immedi 
ately  after  death,  and  held  up  as  worthy  of. more 
exalted  veneration  than  St.  Francis  Xavier  him 
self.  The  Protestant  world,  however,  unites  in 
honoring  him  as  the  father  of  modern  missions. 

Carnahan,  Rev.  David  Franklin,  was  born  in 

White  IIa.ll,  MontourCo.,  Pa.,  Sept.  10.  182:>.  He 
graduated  at  Lcwisburg  University.  Aug.  IX,  lSf>2, 
and  the  same  year.  September  2S.  he  was  ordained 
as  pastor  of  the  Bridgeport  church.  Montgomery 
Co.,  Pa.  In  1X")0  he  was  settled  as  pastor  of  the 
Calvary  Baptist  church  in  Philadelphia.  In  1S.V.) 
he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  /anesville.  ( >.  He  was  subsequently 
pastor  at  Dayton.  ().  :  Burlington,  Iowa:  Aurora 
(First  church).  Springfield.  Urbana.  Dixon.  and 
Streator,  111.  He  is  now  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Appleton,  Wis.  He  was  corresponding 
secretary  and  superintendent  of  missions  of  the 
Ohio  Baptist  State  Convention  from  1850  to  1x01. 
He  was  superintendent  of  missions  of  the  General 
Association  of  Illinois  in  1X07-158,  and  agent  of  the 
American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  in  1803.  He 
acted  as  financial  agent  of  the  Wayland  Academy 
for  a  brief  period  in  1878-79.  During  the  war  he 
was  major  of  the  78th  Regiment  Ohio  Vol.  In 
fantry  in  1801-02,  and  was  present  with  his  regi 
ment  at  Fort  Donelson.  Pittsburg  Landing,  Cor- 
rinth.  and  luka.  lie  served  the  Philadelphia  As- 
sociaton  as  clerk  in  1855-f)0,  and  was  recording 
secretary  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  of  Penn 
sylvania  in  1850.  Mr.  Carnahan  has  been  and  is 
still  one  of  the  most  useful  ministers  in  the  Baptist 
Church  in  the  Northwest,  and  has  never  done  a 
more  successful  work  in  Ins  fruitful  ministry  than 
he  is  now  doing  in  Appleton,  Wis. 

Carpenter,  Rev.  C.  H.,  was  born  in  1835,  and 
was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  University  and  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution.  He  received  his 
appointment  July  1.  1802,  and  sailed  the  follow 
ing  October  for  Burmah.  On  reaching  Rangoon 
the  following  May.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Carpenter  found 
a  home  in  the  family  of  Dr.  Binney.  whose  assist 
ant  he  was  to  lie  in  the  management  of  the  theo- 
loi^ical  seminary.  At  once  his  warmest  sympathies 
were  enlisted  for  the  Karens,  of  whom  he  says, 
"If  there  is  a  people  anywhere  eager  to  learn,  it 
is  the  Karens.  They  come  down  to  Kemendine 
sometimes  hundreds  of  miles,  on  foot,  not  to  make 
money,  but  to  study.  I  wish  you  could  see  Dr. 
Binney's  02  bare-footed,  bare-legged  students  of 


CARPENTER 


CARPENTER 


theology."  Dr.  Binney,  under  date  of  Oct.  24, 
1863,  wrote,  "Mr.  Carpenter  has  commenced  to 
give  some  instruction  in  arithmetic,  and  I  think  lie 
is  doing  well.  The  main  object  of  this  early  effort 
is  to  get,  as  soon  as  possible,  into  communication 
with  the  pupils,  and  then  to  feel  his  way  along.  It 
is  hard  work,  but  it  is  to  be  hoped  it  will  pay  well." 
A  year  from  this  date,  he  speaks  in  warm  terms  of 
the  success  of  his  assistant  arid  wife,  and  of  the 
progress  he  had  made  in  learning  the  language. 
Dr.  Binney  having  retired  from  the  institution  in 
1865,  Mr.  Carpenter  and  Mr.  Smith  had  the  super 
vision  of  its  affairs.  After  the  return  of  Dr.  Binney, 
near  the  close  of  1866,  Mr.  Carpenter  continued  his 
connection  with  him,  Mr.  Smith  removing  to  Ilen- 
thada.  Mr.  Carpenter  remained  in  the  department 
of  instruction  in  the  theological  seminary  until 
his  transfer  to  Bassein,  in  December,  1868,  to  fill 
the  place  made  vacant  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Thomas. 
His  labors  at  this  station  were  eminently  successful, 
until  his  failing  health  obliged  him  fora  time  to  be 
absent  from  his  field,  lie  left  for  the  United  States 
early  in  1872.  At  the  request  of  the  Burmah  Bap 
tist  Association,  Mr.  Carpenter  on  leaving  Bassein 
visited  Siam,  on  a  missionary  exploring  expedition. 
He  crossed  the  boundary  between  British  Burmah 
and  Siam,  at  a  point  known  as  "  Three  Pagodas," 
and  made  his  way  to  the  residence  of  the  Pwo 
Karen,  governor  of  the  district  of  Plira-tlioo-wtiu. 
lie  was  accompanied  in  this  journey  by  several 
native  assistants.  Together  they  visited  43  vil 
lages.  The  households,  which  were  in  the  valley 
of  one  of  the  rivers  which  they  passed  through, 
were  believed  to  be  more  than  1000  in  number,  or 
about  5000  persons.  The  estimate  of  the  whole 
number  of  Karens  in  the  country  which  was 
traversed  made  it  not  far  from  50.000. 

After  remaining  in  this  country  for  some  time, 
Mr.  Carpenter  returned  to  Burmah,  under  appoint 
ment  as  president  of  the  Rangoon  Baptist  College. 
He  was  convinced  that  it  would  be  better  to  remove 
the  college  to  Bassein,  but  his  wishes  in  this  respect 
were  overruled,  and  he  was  transferred  to  the  Bas 
sein  station,  to  resume  the  work  which  had  pre 
viously  occupied  his  thoughts  and  energies.  The 
report  of  the  first  twelve  months'  work  presents 
many  things  to  inspire  hope  and  encouragement. 
The  number  baptized  was  282.  In  like  manner, 
the  next  twelve  months  were  crowded  with  hard 
work,  and  attended  with  some  peculiar  trials.  lie 
reports  in  the  stations  and  out-stations  under 
his  special  charge  85  churches  and  114  native 
preachers,  the  number  of  church  members  bcim-; 
6366.  The  work  at  Bassein  has  gone  forward 
under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Carpenter  with  healthful 
progress.  The  report  of  the  Executive  Committee, 
presented  in  May  last,  speaks  encouragingly  of  his 
labors.  If  the  life  and  health  of  Mr.  Carpenter 
13 


are  spared,  his  usefulness  will  increase  from   vcai 
to  year,  and  the  Bassein,  S'gau,  and  Karen  missions 
will  be  among  the  most  prosperous  in  Asia. 
Carpenter,  Rev.  John  M.,  was  born  Sept.  30, 

1804,  at  Mechanicstown,  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.  He  was 
converted  and  baptized  when  about  twenty  -.  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1836,  and  was  immediately 
appointed  by  the  board  of  the  New  Jersey  Baptist 
State  Convention  to  labor  at  Schoolev's  Mountain, 
lie  was  ordained  in  1837.  Mr.  Carpenter  was 
pastor  for  thirteen  years  at  Jacobstown,  A*.  •].,  and 
has  filled  other  important  pastorates.  As  sec 
retary  of  the  Convention  for  seventeen  years,  and 
in  other  services  for  the  board,  he  has  been  very 
useful.  His  thorough  knowledge  of  the  denomi 
national  statistics,  and  his  memory  of  Baptist  his 
tory  in  New  Jersey,  make  him  the  source  of  infor 
mation  for  all  who  wish  to  obtain  facts  and  figures 
on  those  topics.  Mr.  Carpenter's  library  is  rich  in 
associational  minutes,  pamphlets,  and  works  per 
taining  to  the  Baptists.  He  is  a  logical  thinker 
and  sermonizer,  and  an  energetic  preacher,  lie 
may  be  aptly  called  ''The  living  Baptist  Cyclo 
paedia  of  New  Jersey." 

Carpenter,  Rev.  Mark,  was  born  at  Guildford, 
Vt.,  Sept.  23,  1S02.  lie  pursued  his  studies  at 
Amherst  College,  and  at  Union  College,  where  he 
graduated  in  the  class  of  1821).  He  studied  the 
ology  at  Newton,  graduating  in  1833.  lie  was  or 
dained  at  Milford,  N.  II.,  Feb.  12.  1834,  where  he 
remained  for  six  years.  His  next  settlement  was 
at  Keenc,  N.  II.  He  was  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  this  place  for  five  years,  and  then  removed 
to  New  London,  N.  II.,  remaining  there  four  years, 
and  to  Holyoke,  Mass.,  where  he  was  pastor  ten 
years.  From  Ilolyoke  he  went  to  Brattleborough, 
Vt.,  in  1861,  resigning  his  charge  there  in  1867. 
His  next  settlements  were  in  West  Dummerston, 
Vt.,  and  South  Windham,  from  which  place  he 
removed  to  Townshend,  Vt. 

Carpenter,  Prof.  Stephen  Hopkins,  was  born 
Aug.  7,  1831,  at  Little  Falls,  Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y. 
He  died  at  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

Prof.  Carpenter  graduated  from  Rochester  Uni 
versity  in  1852.  In  1855  he  received  the  degree  of 
A.M.,  and  in  1872  that  of  LL.D.  He  was  appointed 
tutor  in  the  Wisconsin  State  University  in  1852. 
He  was  elected  in  186J)  to  the  professorship  of 
Ancient  Languages  in  St.  Paul  College  at  Palmyra, 
Mo.  In  1866  he  was  tendered  the  chair  of  Rhetoric 
in  the  Wisconsin  State  University,  which  ho  filled 
Avith  great  ability  until  his  death.  He  occupied 
for  a  time  the  position  of  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction  of  Wisconsin.  lie  was  a  diligent  stu 
dent,  and  his  attainments  were  very  extensive.  He 
wrote  largely  on  educational  and  religious  subjects, 
and  delivered  frequent  addresses  on  science  and 
literature.  Ten  or  twelve  of  his  addresses  are  pub- 


C 'AH  ROLL 


1X0 


CARSON 


lished,  and  many  articles  of  an  educational  and 
religious  character  wore  printed  in  the  periodicals 
of  tlie  denomination  with  which  he  was  connected. 
Although  not  an  ordained  minister,  he  preached 
frequently  for  the  church  of  which  he  was  a  mem 
ber,  with  great  ability.  His  sermons  on  the  inspi 
ration  of  the  Scriptures  are  considered  as  among 
the  ablest  ever  published  on  that  subject.  A  Ithough 
occupying  a  conspicuous  place  among  the  educators 
of  the  State,  and  eminent  in  his  attainments  in 
science  and  literature,  he  will  be  longest  remem 
bered  as  the  sincere  Christian  and  loyal  disciple  of 
the  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

Carroll,  Rev.  B.  H.,  pn^tur  of  the  First  Baptist 
church.  Waco,   Texas,   and  associate  editor  of  the 


RKV.    K.    II.   CARROLL. 

Texas  Baptist,  was  born  December,  1843,  in  Car 
roll  Co.,  Miss. ;  has  been  in  Texas  about  twenty 
years:  served  four  years  in  the  Confederate  States 
army-,  was  wounded  in  the  battle  of  Mansfield, 
La.,  1804;  was  converted  in  the  summer  of  1805, 
and  ordained  in  1800.  He  was  educated  at  Baylor 
University.  Besides  many  published  sermons  and 
addresses,  he  is  the  author  of  two  pamphlets,  "  Com 
munion  from  a  Bible  Standpoint,"  and  "  The  Mod 
ern  Social  Dance,"  which  have  attained  a  wyide 
circulation  both  in  and  out  of  Texas.  lie  has  been 
for  years  vice-president  of  the  Baptist  General 
Association  of  Texas,  and  is  the  vice-president 
from  Texas  on  the  Domestic  Mission  Board  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention. 

He  is  one  of  the  first  preachers  of  his  age  in  the 
Baptist  ministry  of  the  Southern  States. 

Carroll,  Rev.  John  Lemuel,  was  born  in  Du- 


plin  Co.,  N.  C.,  Dec.  21,  1830.  He  made  a  profession 
of  religion  at  the  early  age  of  nine,  and  became  a 
member  of  the  Beaver  Dam  church  ;  he  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  the  same  church,  January,  1858; 
was  educated  at  Wake  Forest  College  and  at  the 
University  of  North  Carolina,  graduating  at  the 
latter  institution  with  distinction  in  1803.  Jle  was 
ordained  in  the  college  chapel  May  12,  18(12,  ami 
was  the  pastor  of  several  churches  in  his  native 
State.  Mr.  Carroll  was  also  an  instructor  in  Ox 
ford  Female  College,  and  afterwards  pastor  of 
the  Oxford  church.  In  1809  he  became  agent  for 
St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  in  which  he  was  very 
successful,  after  which  IK;  resided  at  Wake  Forest 
College,  being  at  the  time  a  trustee  of  the  institu 
tion  and  secretary  of  the  board,  and  being  also  the 
pastor  of  several  churches.  In  March  of  1.S71  he 
was  invited  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in  War- 
renton,  Va.,  in  which  field  he  is  still  laboring. 
Few  men  excel  Mr.  Carroll  in  apt  and  vigorous 
extemporaneous  speaking  in  denominational  meet 
ings. 

Carson,  Alex.,  LL.D.,  of  Tubbermore,  County 
Londonderry,  Ireland,  was  born  not  far  from 
Cookstown,  County  Tyrone,  Ireland,  in  1770.  The 
family  is  of  Scotch  origin,  arid  probably  came  to 
the  north  of  Ireland  in  the  time  of  James  I.,  when 
the  people  who  have  built  Belfast  and  Derry,  and 
who  now  make  linen  for  the  world,  first  accepted 
an  Irish  for  their  Scottish  home.  The  region  around 
his  birthplace  has  been  desolated  many  times  since 
the  Scotch  settlement  of  Ulster  by  Irish  rebellions 
and  massacres,  and  by  popish  treachery  and  cruelty. 
Opposition  to  Rome  burns  more  fiercely  over  that 
locality  than  perhaps  in  any  other  section  of  Eu 
rope. 

Alexander  Carson  in  early  life  was  called  into 
sacred  relations  with  the  Redeemer,  and  from  that 
hour  he  became  a  decided  Christian.  At  the  Uni 
versity  of  Glasgow  he  was  proverbial  for  his  dili 
gence,  and  for  the  thoroughness  with  which  he 
pursued  his  studies.  And  though  in  his  class  there 
were  young  men  of  brilliant  talents,  who  attained 
distinguished  positions  in  subsequent  life  in  Scot 
land,  Mr.  Carson  graduated  with  the  first  honor. 

lie  was  settled  when  a  very  young  man  as  min 
ister  of  the  Presbyterian  church  of  Tubbermore. 
The  place  had  a  population  of  perhaps  500,  and  it 
was  surrounded  by  a  large  population  of  Scotch- 
Irish  fanners.  Very  early  in  his  ministry  Mr. 
Carson  was  led  to  see  that  the  Congregational  was 
the  Scripture  form  of  church  government,  and  that 
believers'  immersion  was  the  baptism  of  the  New 
Testament.  When  this  change  of  conviction  oc 
curred  Mr.  Carson  was  placed  in  a  situation  of 
great  embarrassment.  He  was  receiving  £100  per 
annum  from  the  British  government,  under  the 
name  of  llegium  Donum,  in  common  with  all  other 


187 


CARSON 


Presbyterian  ministers  of  that  day.  His  church 
gave  him  probably  about  £40  a  year.  This  Reg  him 
Donum  had  demoralized  the  benevolent  efforts  of 
the  Ulster  Presbyterians  so  completely  that  if  Mr. 
Carson's  entire  congregation  had  become  Baptists 
he  could  not  expect  even  a  moderate  support  from 
their  unaided  liberality.  And  he  well  knew  that 
his  people  were  stern  men,  with  all  the  steady  at 
tachment  to  principle  which  marked  their  Scottish 
fathers  in  times  of  fierce  persecution.  There  was 
no  Baptist  missionary  society  for  Ireland  at  that 
period,  and  the  young  minister  had  absolutely 
nothing  to  trust  for  his  support  except  the  naked 
providence  of  God  ;  but  he  was  wholly  Christ's,  and 
he  came  out  from  a  community  dear  to  him  by  the 
tenderest  associations  arid  cast  his  burden  on  the 
Lord.  His  favorite  hymn  at  this  time  was: 

"  And  must  I  part  with  all  I  have, 

My  dearest  Lord,  for  thee? 
It  is  lint  right,  since  thon  hast  done 
Much  more  than  that  for  me. 

"  Yes,  let  it  RO,  one  look  from  thee 

Will  more  than  make  amends 
For  all  the  losses  I  sustain 
Of  wealth,  of  credit,  friends." 

He  placed  himself  upon  our  Baptist  foundation, 
and  gathered  a  community  around  him  who  re 
ceived  the  Saviour's  teachings  as  he  proclaimed 
them,  and  he  lived  to  see  a  church  waiting  upon 
his  ministrations,  of  ")00  members,  with  a  congre 
gation  very  much  larger,  the  descendants  of  the 
grand  old  Presbyterians  who  in  Scotland  and  Ire 
land  often  faced  death  rather  than  desert  their 
principles,  many  of  whom  walked  from  seven  to 
ten  miles  to  meet  with  the  church  at  Tubbermore. 

In  a  few  years  his  fame  spread  throughout  Eng 
land  and  Scotland.  Robert  and  James  Ilaldune, 
of  Edinburgh,  so  well  known  for  their  great  gifts  to 
Christ's  cause,  their  distinguished  position  in  so 
ciety,  and  their  burning  zeal  as  Baptist  ministers, 
were  his  admiring  and  lasting  friends.  He  was 
frequently  invited  to  visit  England  to  preach  at 
mission  anniversaries,  or  to  aid  in  other  great  de 
nominational  undertakings;  and  in  process  of  time 
he  was  recognized  as  the  leading  man  in  the  Baptist 
denomination. 

Mr.  Carson  read  extensively.  He  made  the 
Greek  language  a  special  study,  and  it  is  not  too 
much  to  say  that  he  was  among  the  first  Greek 
scholars  that  have  lived  for  centuries.  It  is  well 
known  that  if  he  would  sign  the  "  Standards"  of 
the  Church  of  Scotland  he  could  have  had  the  pro 
fessorship  of  Greek  in  the  University  of  Glasgow,  a 
position  requiring  fine  scholarship  and  promising  a 
large  income,  the  indirect  offer  of  which  to  the 
pastor  of  a  little  company  of  Baptists  in  an  obscure 
Scotch-Irish  village  was  a  strong  testimonial  to  Mr. 
Carson's  profound  knowledge  of  the  Greek  tongue. 


Mr.  Carson  was  one  of  the  clearest  reasoners  of 
his  day.  He  had  an  intellect  so  piercing  that  it 
could  see  through  any  sophistry  in  a  moment.  He 
was  a  logician  with  whom  it  was  not  wise  to  come 
in  collision,  unless  one  wished  to  know  the  confu 
sion  and  mortification  of  being  mercilessly  beaten. 
He  was  a  philosopher  of  no  ordinary  grade,  as  his 
works  clearly  exhibit,  and  we  are  not  surprised 
that  his  former  Presbyterian  friends,  years  after 
his  connection  with  them,  described  him  as  ''the 
Jonathan  Edwards  of  the  nineteenth  century." 

lie  preached  the  word  of  God  in  expository  lec 
tures,  pouring  out  its  rich  treasures  and  the  wealth 
of  his  own  sacred  learning  upon  the  throngs  that 
united  with  him  in  the  worship  of  God.  Vew  ever 
heard  him  take  a  little  text  and  suspend  some 
weighty  subject  upon  it  by  a  slender  connecting 
link. 

lie  practiced  weekly  communion,  and  his  church 
follows  the  same  custom  still.  He  was  in  the  habit 
of  beginning  the  service  by  saying,  "According  to 
the  apostolic  example,  let  us  salute  one  another 
with  an  holy  kiss."  He  then  kissed  one  of  the  dea 
cons,  and  the  injunction  was  observed  around. 
This  command  of  Paul  in  reference  to  a  local  cus 
tom  is  not  now  observed  in  Tubbermore.  After 
the  sermon  was  over  on  the  Lord's  day  the  brethren 
arose  and  enforced  it,  or  some  other  Christian 
theme,  by  appropriate  exhortations.  Nor  did  thev 
feel  backward  to  stand  up,  nor  abashed  to  express 
their  views  in  the  presence  of  one  of  the  greatest 
thinkers  of  the  age,  whose  fatherly  kindness  was 
as  familiar  to  them  all  as  a  household  word. 

Space  will  not  permit  us  to  give  a  list  of  Dr. 
Carson's  works,  for  they  were  very  numerous.  His 
octavo  volume  on  baptism  is  a  masterpiece  of  learn 
ing  and  logic  ;  it  overthrows  quibbles  about  the 
Abrahamic  covenant,  giving  authority  to  baptize 
children,  as  old  as  Augustine  of  Hippo,  and  as 
wide-spread  as  Pedobaptist  Christendom,  and  alle 
gations  that  baptism  might  mean  sprinkling  or 
pouring,  with  as  much  ease  as  a  horse,  unaccus 
tomed  to  a  rider,  hurls  to  the  ground  the  little  boy 
who  has  ventured  to  mount  him.  A  number  of 
men  in  the  Baptist  ministry  to-day,  and  very 
many  in  the  membership  of  our  churches,  were 
drawn,  or  perhaps  driven,  to  the  Baptist  fold  by 
"Carson  on  Baptism."  It  was  first  published  in 
London.  Tt  has  been  republished  by  the  Baptist 
Publication  Society  in  Philadelphia.  His  works 
should  be  in  every  Christian's  library. 

His  style  to  some  seems  a  little  dogmatical.  He 
saw  things  clearly  himself;  he  was  wholly  for 
truth  and  entirely  against  error,  and  his  distinct 
perception  and  whole-heartedness  made  him  impa 
tient  with  the  dull,  and  with  those  who  tried  to 
make  the  worse  appear  the  better  side,  with  full 
knowledge  of  its  weakness.  Anvhow,  truth  coming 


CARXOX 


1XX 


CARTER 


forth  like  a  defiant  giant  is  more  attractive  than 
when  it  appears  making  simpering  apologies  for 

venturing  to  show  its  face,  and  tn  disturb  the  equa 
nimity  of  error  and  wrong,  though  sturdy  truth, 
carrying  a  sharp  and  needful  sword  in  a  sheath  of 
love,  pleases  us  most. 

Dr.  Carson  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  from 
Bacon  College.  Ky.,  an  honor  which  no  living  man 
better  deserved  than  ho. 

In  returning  from  England  in  1S44,  where  he 
had  been  delivering  addresses  in  various  places  for 
the  '.Baptist  Missionary  Society,  he  foil  into  the 
•dock  at  Liverpool,  where  the  water  was  twenty-five 
J'eet  deeji :  he  was  immediately  rescued,  and  he 
sailed  for  Belfast.  During  the  night  he  became 
alarmingly  ill,  and  died  the  next  day  after  landing, 
Aug.  '24.  1X44.  lie  was  nearly  fifty  years  in  the 
ministrv.  His  death  caused  universal  grief,  and 
it  left  a  vacancy  in  the  ranks  of  scholarly  Baptists 
which  few  men  of  any  community  on  earth  have 
the  learned  qualifications  to  fill.  Since  James 
Csher.  archbishop  of  Armagh,  was  laid  in  his 
grave,  no  native  of  Ireland  of  Anglo-Irish  or  Scotch- 
Irish  origin  fully  equaled  Alexander  Carson  in 
learning  and  logic,  and  the  aboriginal  natives  of 
Ireland  are  out  of  the  question  since  the  days  of 
.John  Seotus  Erigena,  the  friend  of  Charles  the 
Bald. 

Carson,  W.  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Pickens  Co., 
S.  C.,  Dec.  14,  1X21.  Mr.  Carson  took  an  unusu 
ally  extensive  course  in  the  academical  institution 
in  Wetumpka,  Ala.  He  joined  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  the  denomination  of  his  ancestors,  at 
eighteen.  In  1X49  he  entered  the  theological 
seminary  in  Columbia,  S.  C.,  but  after  a  very 
thorough  investigation  of  the  subject  of  baptism, 
he  was  bapti/ed  by  James  P.  Boyee,  D.D..  LL.D. 
After  he  graduated  he  spent  six  years  as  pastor  in 
Gillisonville,  Beaufort  District,  now  Hampton  Co., 
S.  C.  where  the  society  combined  high  culture, 
integrity,  and  piety  in  an  uncommon  degree.  In 
1S.V.)  he  became  editor  of  the  Southern  Jhtplix/,  in 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  which  position  he  occupied  until 
the  war  caused  the  suspension  of  the  paper.  During 
this  period  its  circulation  greatly  increased. 

Although  opposed  to  secession,  he  went  with  his 
native  State.  lie  volunteered  as  a  private,  but  was 
soon  after  made  a  chaplain,  lie,  however,  always 
went  into  the  ranks  in  battle.  After  the  war  he 
was  for  two  years  principal  of  the  State  Academy 
at  Ueidville,  Spartanburg  Co.,  S.  C.,  and  for  the 
same  period  of  the  Gowensville  Seminary  in  Green 
ville  County.  In  IXTo  the  Furman  University  con 
ferred  upon  him  the  title  of  D.D.  lie  is  at  present 
pastor  of  the  old  Kirkland.  now  Smyrna,  church, 
in  Barnwell  Co.,  S.  C.  He  has  written  somewhat 
extensively  for  papers  and  reviews. 
Carswell,  Rev.  Eginardus  Ruthven,  M.D., 


was  born  in  Burke- Co.,  Ga.,  Oct.  22,  1X22.     His 
parents  were  both  native  Georgians.    His  ancestors 
came  from  Ireland,  his  grandfather  being  a  captain 
in  the  Revolutionary  war.    He  was  educated  chiefly 
at  Penfield,  attending  both  Mercer  Institute  and 
Mercer  University.     He  graduated  in  medicine  at 
the  Medical  College  of  Georgia,  Augusta,  in  March, 
1X44,    and    practiced    medicine    for    ten    years    in 
Burke  County,    lie  experienced  regenerating  grace 
at  the  young  men's  twilight  meeting  at  Penfield  in 
the  spring  of  1X40,  and  was  bapti/ed  by  Dr.  Adiel 
Sherwood.     Impressed  early  that  it  was  his  duty 
to   preach,  he  became  a  licentiate,  and  frequently 
engaged    in    proclaiming    the    gospel,    meanwhile 
studying  theology  irregularly  during  the  ten  years 
of    his    medical    practice.       lie    was    ordained    at 
Bushy    Creek    church.    Dec.    12.    1X52.     His    first 
pastorate  was  that  of  Way's  church   in  -Jefferson 
County.     Afterwards  he  served  Du  Hart's,  Louis 
ville.    Piney   Grove,   Big  Buckhead,    Bark    Camp, 
and    Sardis   churches,   in  the   Heph/.ibah   Associa 
tion,    be-ides   others    in   both   Georgia    and    South 
Carolina.     Mr.  Carswell  has  been  a  strenuous  ad 
vocate  of  temperance,  of  the  Sunday-school  cause, 
of  missions,  and  of  the  distinctive  peculiarities  of 
Baptists.     lie  has  always  been   in   full  sympathy 
with  the  work  of  his  Association  and  of  the  Geor 
gia  Baptist  and  Southern  Baptist  Conventions,  and 
he  was,  perhaps,  the  youngest  delegate  present  at 
the  formation  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention 
at  Augusta  in  1X45.     Utterly  fearless  in   his  sup 
port   of  what   ho  deems   the   truth,   Mr.    Carswell 
possesses   great   natural    eloquence.     He   is   noted 
for  the  power   and  pungency    of  his   appeals,   for 
logical    force,    and    for    rhetorical    and     figurative 
illustrations.      Mr.  Carswell    married    Miss  L.   A. 
Pior.  Nov.  2.  1X47.  and   they  have   raised   six   rhil- 
!  dren,  all  of  whom  are  members  of  Baptist  churches, 
and  two  of  whom  are   promising  young   ministers. 
'  Often  made  the  moderator  of  the  lleph/ibah  Asso 
ciation,  he   has  been    honored   by  his  brethren   in 
various  other  ways  in  evidence  of  their  confidence 
and  high  esteem.    In  1X72  he  was  selected  to  preach 
i  the  first  centennial  sermon  delivered  in  Georgia. — 
,  that   of  the    Bottsford    Baptist    church    in    Burke 
County. 

Carter,  Rev.  E.  J.  G.,  a  promising  young  man 
of  Union  Association,  Ark.,  was  born  in  Missis 
sippi  in  1X46:  he  removed  to  Arkansas  in  1X52: 
began  to  preach  about  1X70;  ordained  1X7".  He 
labored  extensively  with  churches  in  Washita  and 
Nevada  Counties.  He  died  in  1879. 

Carter,  Rev.  James,  was  one  of  the  most  earn 
est-minded,  zealous,  pious,  and  useful  of  all  the 
ministers  who  have  aided  in  building  up  the  Bap 
tist  cause  in  Georgia.  He  was  born  near  Powelton, 
Hancock  County,  in  1797.  and,  after  a  laborious  life, 
died  at  Indian  Springs.  Butts  County,  Aug.  25, 


CARTER 


189 


CARTER 


1859.  His  parents  were  Virginians,  who  emigrated 
to  Georgia,  and  he  was  the  youngest  child.  Hope 
fully  converted  at  an  early  age,  he  was  baptized  by 
Jesse  Mercer  ;  was  licensed  at  twenty  years  of  age, 
and  began  to  preach  in  Butts  County,  where  he 
had  settled  about  1823.  He  was  instrumental,  soon 
after  being  licensed,  in  constituting  Macedonia 
church  in  Butts  County,  of  which  lie  continued 
pastor  thirty  years,  residing  all  the  Avhile  upon  a 
farm  which  belonged  to  him.  Besides  Macedonia, 
Mr.  Carter  was  the  pastor  of  the  churches  at  Holly 
Grove,  Indian  Springs,  and  other  places;  but,  while 
his  labors  were  confined  mostly  to  Butts  and  con 
tiguous  counties,  he  frequently  made  extensive 
preaching  tours  to  other  parts  of  the  State,  and, 
owing  to  his  strong  constitution  and  vigorous 
health,  performed  an  immense  amount  of  labor. 

Dr.  J.  II.  Campbell,  in  his  '•  Georgia  Baptists,'1 
says,  "  It  is  doubtful  whether  any  of  our  ministers 
ever  preached  more,  or  did  more  good  by  preaching, 
than  James  Carter."  During  his  long  pastorate  of 
the  Macedonia  church  he  received  into  it,  by  bap 
tism  at  his  own  hands,  1000  members;  and  he  bap 
tized,  in  addition,  not  less  than  1000  others,  accord 
ing  to  his  own  statement.  His  zeal  was  as  ardent 
as  that  of  Paul,  and  his  doctrinal  sentiments  were 
as  strongly  Calvinistic  as  those  of  Paul  himself. 
He  was  a  powerful  preacher,  and  some  of  his  ap 
peals  to  sinners  were  exceedingly  impressive  and 
convincing.  Among  his  brethren  he  was  regarded 
as  a  pious,  devout,  sound,  and  zealous  preacher 
of  a  high  order,  whose  successful  labors  won  for 
him  universal  respect.  For  years  he  was  moderator 
of  the  Flint  River  Association,  which,  at  its  session 
following  his  death,  listened  to  a  funeral  discourse 
in  his  honor  by  Rev.  J.  II.  Campbell. 

It  was  at  the  house  of  James  Carter  that  Jesse 
Mercer  died.  They  were  old  and  attached  friends, 
and  when  Jesse  Mercer  was  at  Indian  Springs  for 
his  health  in  1841,  he  visited  Mr.  Carter,  and  was 
taken  worse  and  expired,  amid  the  most  careful 
and  loving  attentions. 

Carter,  Rev.  Joseph  E.,  was  born  in  Murfrees- 
borough,  N.  ('.,  Feb.  6,  1836  ;  was  baptized  in  1852; 
read  law.  and  began  to  practice  in  1857  ;  graduated 
from  Union  University  in  1801  ;  was  ordained  at 
Murfreesborough,  X.  C..  June  30,  1861,  Dr.  A.  M. 
Poindexter  preaching  the  sermon  ;  served  churches 
in  Tennessee,  Kentucky,  and  Alabama  as  pastor 
and  evangelist,  and  accepted  a  call  to  Wilson,  N.  C., 
in  March,  1880  ;  a  zealous,  gifted,  and  useful  man. 

Carter,  Rev.  John  W.,  was  born  in  Albemarle 
Co.,  Va.,  Dec.  31,  1836.  When  he  was  seven  years 
of  age  his  parents  removed  to  Upshur  Co.,  W.  Ya., 
where  he  grew  up  to  manhood.  He  was  a  diligent 
student  in  private,  and  an  industrious  pupil  at  Al- 
leghany  College,  and  now  he  is  one  of  the  most 
scholarly  ministers  in  the  State.  He  was  con 


verted  and  baptized  in  1858,  and  ordained  in  1860. 
He  labored  for  some  years  in  country  churches  in 
LewisandUnshur  Counties,  and  in  1864  took  charge 
of  the  church  in  Parkersbur<:,  where  he  still  sus- 


KKV.  JOHN     \V.   C. \KTF.R. 

tains  the  pastoral  relation.  The  church  has  built 
a  fine  edifice  since  Mr.  Carter  became  its  pastor, 
and  has  prospered  in  other  ways.  Mr.  Carter  is 
a  preacher  of  acknowledged  ability,  and  a  minister 
of  great  piety  and  worth. 

Carter,  Prof.  Paschal,  was  born  in  Benson, 
Vt.,  Sept.  17,  1807.  His  father  was  Josiah  Carter. 
a  Revolutionary  soldier  and  sea-captain,  and  his 
mother,  Charlotte  De  Angelis,  was  of  Italian  descent. 
After  persistent  toil  he  entered  Middlebury  College, 
Vt.,  in  1825,  and  graduated  with  honor  in  1829. 
On  leaving  college  he  became  tutor  in  Columbian 
College,  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  was  subsequently 
principal  of  the  Keysville  Academy,  X.  Y..  agent 
of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Tract  Society,  and 
principal  of  the  Academy  of  South  Reading,  Mass., 
one  of  the  largest  and  most  flourishing  schools  of 
that  day.  In  1832  he  became  Professor  of  Mathe 
matics  and  Xatural  Philosophy  in  Granvillc  Col 
lege,  0.,  and  remained  in  this  position  over  twenty- 
two  years.  During  part  of  this  time  he  taught  the 
ancient  languages  and  other  branches,  and  most  of 
the  time  he  was  the  college  treasurer. — a  difficult 
and  responsible  position.  In  1854  he  resigned  his 
chair  at  Granville,  and  accepted  a  similar  position 
in  Georgetown  College.  Ky.  After  an  interim  of 
two  years  spent  in  business  life  he  became,  in  J858, 
president  of  Central  Collegiate  Institute,  Ala., 
where  he  remained  until  1861.  Since  1861  he  has 


CARTWHKIHT 


CASTLE 


been  living  at  Centralia,  111.,  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits. 
Cartwright,  Rev.  Immanuel,  was  born   in 

Tennessee.  He  removed  to  St.  Louis  in  1X54,  and 
became  pastor  of  the  First  African  church,  a  posi 
tion  which  he  held  efficiently  for  twenty  years. 
Large  additions  wei%e  made  to  the  membership,  till 
it  numbered  over  a  thousand.  lie  is  awaiting  the 
appointed  time  for  the  Master's  call  to  his  eternal 
home. 

Gary,  Rev.  Lott,  was  born  a  slave  about  1780, 
in  Virginia.  I"  1804  he  was  brought  to  Richmond, 
where  for  a  time  he  led  a  depraved  life;  the  Spirit 
of  Clod,  however,  changed  his  heart  and  gave  him 
faith  in  Jesus,  lie  was  baptized  in  1X07  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Richmond, 
by  which  he  was  subsequently  licensed  to  preach. 
He  taught  himself,  with  some  little  aid,  to  read  ;  he 
bought  his  freedom  and  the  liberty  of  his  two  chil 
dren.  In  1X15  he  became  deeply  interested  in 
African  missions,  and  at  last  he  resolved  to  carry 
the  gospel  there  himself.  In  1821  he  was  ordained 
to  the  missionary  work,  and  appointed  to  labor  in 
Africa  by  the  board  of  the  Baptist  General  Conven 
tion.  In  1X22  he  settled  in  Liberia.  He  ministered 
faithfully  to  the  church  originally  formed  in  Rich 
mond,  then  located  in  Monrovia.  He  spent  much 
time  in  instructing  the  Africans  who  had  been 
re-cued  from  slave-ships;  he  labored  successfully 
to  establish  schools.  In  1X24  he  was  appointed 
physician  to  the  settlers,  a  position  the  duties  of 
which  his  studies  of  the  diseases  of  the  country 
enabled  him  to  discharge  ;  in  1X28  he  became  acting 
governor  of  Liberia.  lie  perished  by  an  accident, 
Nov.  X.  1X2X.  He  was  beloved  by  all  his  people, 
and  greatly  blessed  of  God. 

Case,  Rev.  Isaac. — "  Father  Case"  was  born  at 
Rehoboth,  Mass.,  Feb.  25,  1761.  At  the  age  of 
eighteen  he  became  a  subject  of  God's  converting 
grace.  He  was  ordained  in  17X3,  and  went  to 
Maine.  He  was,  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word,  an 
evangelist,  and  when  converts  to  Christ  were  made, 
he  formed  them  into  churches,  some  of  which  after 
wards  became  able  and  most  useful  organizations. 
"Of  the  number  of  converts  to  whom  he  adminis 
tered  the  ordinance  of  baptism,  he  kept  no  account, 
but  he  supposed  them  to  have  been  more  than  a 
thousand."  Mr.  Case  lived  to  an  advanced  age, 
and  died  at  Readfield,  Me.,  Nov.  3,  1X52.  Without 
remarkable  talents,  by  his  earnest  piety  and  good 
common  sense  he  became  one  of  the  most  useful 
ministers  of  his  day. 

Castle,  John  Harvard,  L.D.,  was  born  in 
Milestown,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1830;  baptized  in 
1846  ;  graduated  from  the  Central  High  School, 
of  Philadelphia,  1847.  In  the  same  year  he  en 
tered  the  university  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  where  he 
graduated  with  first  honors  in  1851,  and  from  that 


institution  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  in  1XGG.  lie  completed  his  studies  at 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  N.  Y.,  in  1853, 
and  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Broad  Street 
Baptist  church,  Philadelphia.  He  was  ordained  at 
Pottsville,  Pa.,  where  he  labored  for  two  years  and 
a  half,  after  which  he  settled  with  the  church  at 
Newburgh,  N.  Y.  In  1859  he  returned  to  his  native 
city,  and  entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Baptist  church,  West  Philadelphia.  Here  he  re 


mained  for  fourteen  years,  universally  beloved  by 
the  church  and  community.  Here  also  he  gave 
much  time  and  labor  to  missionary  and  educational 
interests,  serving  on  the  boards  of  the  Publication 
and  Education  Societies,  the  General  Association, 
the  trustees  of  the  university  at  Lewisburg,  and  of 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary.  He  served  as  mod 
erator  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association,  and 
was  also  elected  president  of  the  Ministerial  Confer 
ence.  In  the  spring  of  1X71  he  traveled  extensively 
in  Europe. 

In  1X72  he  was  urgently  invited  to  take  charge 
of  the  Bond  Street  church  of  Toronto,  Canada, 
which  invitation  he  accepted,  and  commenced  his 
pastorate  there  Feb.  1,  1873.  In  this  field  of  labor 
he  still  remains,  in  close  and  affectionate  relations 
with  his  people.  A  secular  journal  in  Toronto, 
under  date  of  Oct.  5,  1X77.  thus  speaks  of  him  : 

"  Into  the  work  of  the  denomination  and  in  all 
Christian  movements  he  has  thrown  himself  with 
all  his  heart,  and  has  become  a  leading  spirit 
therein.  His  congregation  has  increased  rapidly 
and  erected  a  handsome  church  building,  which  is 


CASTLE 


191 


CAR  WELL 


now  one  of  the  recognized  sights  of  the  city.  He 
is  a  strong  temperance  advocate,  and  a  consistent 
enemy  to  frivolity  of  all  descriptions.  His  oratori 
cal  powers  are  of  a  high  order,  his  enunciation  being 
singularly  distinct,  and  his  manner  graceful  and 
effective.  Though  an  earnest  upholder  of  the  doc 
trines  of  his  denomination,  he  seldom  gives  utter- 
since  to  any  remarks  which  members  of  other  com 
munions  cannot  listen  to  without  impatience. 
Never  slow  to  do  battle  when  controversies  arise, 
he  proves  an  adept  in  polemics  ;  but  is  ever  ready 
to  recognize  and  admire  all  that  is  Christ-like 
beyond  his  own  ecclesiastical  boundaries.'' 

Castle,  Prof.  Orlando  L.,  for  some  twenty- 
seven  years  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  Belles-Lettres 
in  Shurtleff  College,  was  born  at  Jericho,  Chittenden 
Co.,  Vt.,  July  20,  1822.  When  he  was  about  ten 
years  of  age  the  family  removed  to  Ohio,  and  at 
Granville  College,  in  that  State,  he  received  his 
education,  graduating  in  1X46.  His  first  service  in 
education  was  as  superintendent  of  public  schools 
in  Zanesville,  0.  In  1853  he  was  invited  to  the 
professorship  at  Alton,  which  he  still  holds.  The 
length  of  time  during  which  he  has  occupied  this 
chair  bears  witness  to  the  value  of  his  service,  a  tes 
timony  confirmed  by  that  of  the  many  students  who 
have  enjoyed  his  instruction.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Upper  Alton,  a  genial  and 
cultured  Christian  gentleman,  a  trained  scholar  in 
the  classics  and  in  mathematics,  as  well  as  in  his 
special  department,  and  he  is  a  superior  teacher. 

Caswell,  Alexis,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  one  of  the  most 
eminent  educators  and  most  widely-known  minis 
ters  in  the  denomination,  was  born  in  Taunton, 
Mass.,  Jan.  29,  1799.  lie  was  a  twin  brother  of 
Alvaris  Caswell,  of  Xorton,  Mass.  His  ancestors 
were  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  his  native  town, 
and  devoted  themselves  to  agricultural  pursuits. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  spent  his  boyhood 
days  on  the  paternal  farm.  The  bent  of  his  mind 
towards  a  larger  and  better  culture  than  he  could 
expect  to  obtain  if  he  devoted  himself  to  the  calling 
of  his  father  early  showed  itself,  and  nothing  but 
a  full  collegiate  course  of  study  would  satisfy  him. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  became  a  member  of  the 
Freshman  class  in  Brown  University,  where  he  was 
graduated  with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class  in 
1822.  It  was  during  his  college  course  that  he  be 
came  a  decided,  and  what  he  ever  continued  to  be, 
a  most  cheerful  and  consistent  Christian.  In  July, 
1820,  he  was  received  into  the  membership  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Providence,  and  his  con 
nection  with  that  venerable  church  was  never  dis 
solved  until  the  tie  was  severed  by  death. 

Soon  after  closing  his  college  studies  he  became 
a  tutor  in  what  was  then  Columbian  College,  at 
Washington,  D.  C.,  being  one  of  the  earliest  in 
structors  in  the  institution.  His  connection  with 


the  college  continued  for  five  years.  In  1825  he 
was  raised  from  the  rank  of  tutor  to  that  of  Pro 
fessor  of  the  Ancient  Languages.  But  it  was  not 
his  purpose  to  devote  himself  to  the  profession  of 
teaching.  His  strong  desire  was  to  become  a 
preacher  of  the  gospel.  The  eloquent  Dr.  William 
Staughton  was  the  president  of  the  college,  and 
under  his  guidance  Prof.  Caswell  read  theology 
and  prepared  sermons,  enjoying  also  the  instruc 
tions  of  Dr.  Irah  Chace  in  the  Hebrew.  Having 
thus  prepared  himself  for  what  no  doubt  he  con 
sidered  would  be  his  life-work,  he  was  directed  by 
a  somewhat  remarkable  providence  of  God  to  Hali 
fax,  Nova  Scotia,  where  he  was  ordained  as  a  Chris 
tian  minister,  and  agreed,  temporarily  at  least,  to 
act  as  pastor  of  the  recently  organized  Baptist 
church  in  that  city.  "It  was  a  ministry,"  says 


ALEXIS    CASWELL,    D.]).,    LL.D. 

Prof.  Lincoln,  ''fruitful  of  good  to  himself  and  his 
people.  It  was  one  which  laid  under  contribution 
all  the  resources  he  could  command,  both  intellec 
tual  and  spiritual ;  for  though  the  church  was  not 
large,  yet  it  united,  especially  in  the  persons  of 
its  leaders,  intelligence,  culture,  and  social  consid 
eration  with  a  simple  and  sincere  piety,  and  an 
earnest  desire  for  growth  in  Christian  knowledge 
and  experience,  and  in  Christian  service."  We  are 
told  that  "  he  was  a  popular  and  attractive  preacher, 
arid  that  his  discourses,  which  were  written,  but 
preached  without  the  use  of  notes,  attracted  full 
and  overflowing  houses." 

It  might  seem  as  if  such  evident  adaptedness  to 
the  active  labors  of  the  ministry,  and  marked  suc 
cess  in  that  work,  plainly  pointed  out  what  were 


CAS  WELL 


CAKWELL 


the  sure  indications  of  Divine  Providence  as  to  his 
future  career.  His  reputation  as  a  preacher  and 
pastor  led  the  church  of  which  he  was  a  member — 
the  First  church  in  Providence — to  think  of  him  as 
a  mo>t  suitable  person  to  fill  the  place  made  vacant 
by  the  resignation  of  their  venerable  minister, 
the  Rev.  Dr.  (Jano.  But  before  any  action  could 
be  taken  on  the  subject  he  was  called  to  the  chair 
of  Mat  hematics  and  Natural  Philosophy  in  Brown 
University,  and  assumed  the  duties  of  his  professor 
ship  at  the  commencement  of  the  fall  term  of  1828. 
ile  at  mice  and  most  heartily  entered  into  the  plans 
of  the  new  president.  Dr.  Wayland,  and  faithfully 
stood  by  him,  as  he  endeavored,  with  what  success 
is  well  known,  to  raise  the  standard  of  education 
in  the  college  of  which  he  was  the  honored  head. 
The  fortunes  of  the  university  were  at  this  time  at 
a  low  ebb.  and  only  by  generous  sacrifice  and  he 
roic,  persistent  effort  was  the  tide  in  its  affairs 
made  to  rise.  .Prof.  Caswell  threw  himself  into  the 
•work  he  had  undertaken  with  his  characteristic 
y.eal, — a  y.eal  coupled  with  good  sense  and  sound 
judgment.  lie  labored  for  the  interests  of  his  be 
loved  (d ma  wafer  not  only  in  his  special  depart 
ment  of  instruction,  but  outside  of  college  walls  he 
enlisted  the  sympathy  and  secured  the  substantial 
aid  of  its  friends  in  promoting  in  many  ways  its 
prosperity.  But  amid  the  most  engrossing  labors 
of  the  profession  to  which  he  consecrated  his  best 
energies,  Prof.  Caswell  never  lost  sight  of  that 
higher  calling,  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of 
which  he  had  expected  to  spend  his  days.  If  he 
was  the  college  instructor,  he  was  also  the  Chris 
tian  minister.  As  Prof.  Lincoln  has  so  well  said. 
"To  his  habitual  conception,  religion  and  educa 
tion  were  indissolubly  united,  and  the  Christian 
religion  was  the  soul  and  the  sacred  presiding 
genius  of  a  place  of  education.  To  his  view  a  col 
lege  was  a  fountain  not  merely  of  a  liberal  educa 
tion,  but  of  a  Christian  liberal  education  ;  not  Chris 
tian,  however,  in  the  sense  of  giving  theological 
instruction,  or  only  training  men  to  be  of  service 
as  pastors  and  preachers,  though  he  never  forgot 
that  leading  design  of  the  fathers  of  this  college 
and  other  colleges  of  Xew  England,  but  Christian 
in  the  more  catholic  sense  of  educating  and  rear 
ing  up  Christian  men  for  Christian  service  in  what 
soever  vocation  and  business  of  life." 

Dr.  Caswell  went  abroad  in  I860,  and  spent  a 
year  making  himself  familiar  with  the  scenes  and 
the  social  life  of  the  Old  World.  Among  scientific 
men,  whose  special  attention  had  been  devoted  to 
the  study  of  astronomy,  which  Avas  his  favorite 
branch  of  instruction,  he  met  with  a  cordial  wel 
come.  His  genial  and  affable  manners,  his  in 
quiring  spirit,  and  warm  enthusiasm  in  the  direc 
tion  of  research  into  the  wonderful  mysteries  of 
the  heavens,  won  for  him  a  warm  place  in  the 


hearts  of  those  whose  pursuits  were  kindred  to  his 
own,  and  he  formed  friendships  which  remained 
unbroken  until  death.  When  he  came  back  to  his 
home  he  resumed  at  once  the  duties  of  his  profes 
sion,  and  continued  his  official  relations  with  Brown 
University  until  the  fall  of  1863,  when  he  resigned 
his  professorship,  after  having  so  ably  filled  the 
chair  lie  had  occupied  for  thirty-five  years. 

A  few  years  of  varied  service  were  spent  in  the 
community  in  which  he  was  so  well  known  and  so 
highly  respected  and  loved.  The  resignation  of 
Dr.  Sears  as  president  of  Brown  University  to 
enter  upon  that  career  of  usefulness  to  which  for 
so  many  years  he  has  devoted  himself,  was  followed 
in  a  few  months  by  the  election  of  Dr.  Caswell  to 
the  office  thus  vacated.  Although  sixty-nine  years 
of  age  when  thus  called  to  this  responsible  posi 
tion,  no  one  on  terms  of  familiar  intimacy  with 
him  ever  thought  of  the  new  president  as  being  an 
old  man.  lie  was  in  vigorous  health.  The  press 
ure  of  so  many  years  even,  as  he  had  lived,  had 
not  bowed  that  manly,  erect  form.  He  was  the 
model  of  Christian  refinement  and  gentlemanly 
courtesy,  and  had  a  rare  gift  for  commanding  the 
respect  and  winning  the  affection  of  young  men. 
The  expectations  of  his  friends  in  calling  him  to  the 
presidency  of  the  university  were  not  disappointed, 
and  his  administration  of  its  affairs  proved  to  be  a 
success.  For  nearly  five  years  he  discharged  the 
duties  which  devolved  on  him  as  the  head  of  an  in 
stitution  Avith  which  he  had  so  long  been  connected. 
His  resignation  took  place  in  September,  1872,  and 
he  once  more  retired  to  comparatively  private  life. 
For  thirty-nine  years  and  a  half  he  had  filled  an 
important  place  in  the  department  of  instruction 
in  Brown  University,  and  for  nearly  the  rest  of  his 
life  he  watched  over  its  interests  as  a  member  of 
its  corporation,  first  as  a  trustee  and  then  as  a 
Fellow.  No  one  person  has  been  so  long  and  so 
closely  identified  with  all  that  concerned  its  pros 
perity  as  Dr.  Caswell. 

Space  does  not  permit  to  enumerate  all  the  posi 
tions  of  trust  and  honor  to  which,  during  his  long 
and  useful  life,  Dr.  Caswell  was  called.  lie  was 
warmly  attached  to  the  denomination  with  which 
in  his  early  manhood  he  connected  himself.  In 
everything  that  had  to  do  with  its  elevation  he  took 
the  liveliest  interest.  The  cause  of  sound  theologi 
cal  learning  always  found  in  him  a  warm  friend. 
Through  his  whole  life  he  took  an  active  part  in 
promoting  the  prosperity  of  the  Newton  Theologi 
cal  Institution,  succeeding  to  the  presidency  of  its 
board  of  trustees  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Sharp,  and 
retaining  to  the  close  of  life  his  place  on  that 
board.  The  cause  of  foreign  missions  had  no  more 
earnest  advocate  and  friend  than  he.  He  was 
chosen  president  of  the  Missionary  Union  in  1867, 
and  re-elected  in  1868.  Like  his  early  pupil  and 


CATK 


193 


CATECHUMENI 


lifelong  friend,  Baron  Stow,  both  pen  and  voice 
\vere  employed  in  doing  what  he  could  to  hasten 
the  coining  of  the  day  when  the  knowledge  of  the 
Lord  shall  be  the  common  heritage  of  the  nations 
of  the  earth.  The  Baptist  denomination  may  justly 
be  proud  of  having  had  in  its  ranks  tin  educator  of 
so  large  and  worthy  a  reputation,  and  a  minister 
of  Jesus  who  rendered  such  efficient  aid  in  ad 
vancing  its  best  interests  in  so  many  directions. 

Gate,  Rev.  George  W.,  was  born  in  Sanborn- 
ton,  N.  II.,  in  1815.  He  became  a  hopeful  Christian 
while  residing  in  Amesbury,  Mass.  lie  pursued 
his  preparatory  studies  for  the  Christian  ministry 
at  New  Hampton  and  Hampton  Falls,  and  gradu 
ated  at  Brown  University  in  1S41.  and  at  Xewton 
in  1S44.  In  September  of  1S44  he  was  ordained 
as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Barre.  Mass.  His  min 
istry  with  this  church  continued  for  lour  years.  He 
was  then  obliged  to  give  up  preaching  on  account 
of  his  health.  For  a  few  months  lie  lingered,  and 
then  passed  away.  His  death  took  place  May  13, 
184',).  After  much  long  and  thorough  preparation 
for  his  work,  it  seemed  mysterious  that  this  servant 
of  Christ  should  have  been  removed  so  early  in  his 
public  ministry,  but  the  Master  whom  he  tried  to 
serve  knew  best  what  disposition  to  make  of  him. 

Catechumeni,  or  Catechumens,  Baptism  of. 

— Believers  who  received  the  Word  gladly  were  the 
subjects  of  baptism  in  the  Saviour's  day  and  during 
the  ministry  of  his  apostles.  About  A.D.  100,  the 
same  class  of  persons  received  baptism.  Justin 
Martyr,  one  of  the  most  talented  and  reliable  of 
the  early  Christian  writers,  says,  "  In  what  manner 
we  dedicate  ourselves  to  God.  after  beinic  renewed 
by  Christ,  we;  will  now  explain,  lest  by  omitting 
we  should  seem  to  dissemble  in  our  statement ;  as 
many  as  are  persuaded  and  believe  that  the  things 
which  we  teach  and  declare  are  true,  and  promise 
that  they  are  determined  to  live  accordingly,  are 
taught  to  pray  to  God,  and  to  beseech  him  with 
fasting  to  grant  them  remission  for  their  past,  sins, 
while  we  also  pray  and  fast  with  them.  We  then 
lead  them  to  a  place  where  there  is  water,  and  then 
they  are  regenerated  (baptized)  in  the  same  manner 
as  we  also  were,  for  they  receive  a  washing  in 
water  ('tv  TS>'vSa.n}  in  the  name  of  God,  the  Father 
and  Lord  of  the  universe,  and  of  our  Saviour,  Jesus 
Christ."  1  The  '•  Apology,"  from  which  this  is  taken, 
was  addressed  to  the  emperor  Antoninus  Pius,  and 
there  is  no  doubt  about  its  authenticity.  Accord 
ing  to  Justin,  the  only  persons  baptized  in  his  day 
were  believers,  resolved  to  live  for  God.  Later 
than  his  time,  but  still  in  the  second  century,  before 
men  were  baptized  they  were  instructed  for  some 
time  and  catechized,  and  then  baptized.  This  cate- 
chumenical  system  preceded  baptism  for  centuries 
in  the  Christian  church.  The  most  celebrated 
school  for  catechumcni  in  the  Christian  world  was 


at  Alexandria,  in  Egypt,  and  Origen  was  its  most 
distinguished  instructor,  as  he  had  been  its  most 
illustrious  pupil  under  Cluneus  Alexandrinus.2 
Catechists,  to  conduct  the  instruction  of  the  cate- 
chumeni,  in  process  of  time  were  appointed  all  over 
the  Christian  world  ;  and  twice  a  year  the  scholars 
went  forth  to  baptism,  at  Easter  and  Whitsuntide 
in  the  West,  and  at  Easter  and  Whitsuntide,  or  at 
the  Epiphany,  in  the  East.  Xo  catechised  candi 
date  for  baptism  employed  another  to  profess  his 
faith,  he  attended  to  that  duty  himself. 

The  learned  Bingham  says.  "  The  Trio-rot,  or  be 
lievers,  being  SIK-/I  as  were  baptized,  and  thereby 
made  complete  and  perfect  Christians,  were  upon 
that  account  dignified  with  several  titles  of  honor 
and  marks  of  distinction  above  the  catechumens;" 
after  mentioning  their  titles,  he  describes  their 
privileges  :  "  It  was  their  sole  prerogative  to  partake 
of  the  Lord's  Supper,"  "another  of  their  preroga 
tives  above  the  catechumens  was  to  stay  and  join 
with  the  minister  in  all  the  prayers  of  the  church, 
which  the  catechumens  were  not  allowed  to  do.  the 
use  of  the  Lord's  prayer  was  the  sole  prerogative 
of  the  TUO-TOI  (believers)  ;  the  catechumens  were  not 
allowed  to  say  '  Our  Father'  till  they  had  first 
made  themselves  sons  by  regeneration  in  the 
waters  of  baptism.  They  were  admitted  to  hear  all 
discourses  made  in  the  church,  even  those  that 
treated  of  the  most  abstruse  and  profound  mysteries 
of  the  Christian  religion,  which  the  catechumens 
were  strictly  prohibited  from  hearing."  Bingham 
speaks  of  four  classes  of  catecbumeni,  those  who 
were  instructed  privately,  the  hearers,  the  kneelers, 
arid  the  competentes  and  electi.  that  is,  those  who 
petitioned  for  baptism,  and  were  chosen  to  observe 
that  sacred  ordinance.  They  were  strictly  ex 
amined,  according  to  Bingham,  in  the  Christian  in 
structions  imparted  to  them  by  the  catechist  before 
they  were  elected  to  receive  baptism. 

As  the  same  erudite  writer  informs  us,  the  cate- 
chumeni  were  placed  with  their  faces  to  the  west, 
the  region  of  darkness,  and  there  they  renounced 
the  devil  and  his  works,  and  the  world  with  its 
luxury  anil  pleasures.  And  they  struck  their  hands 
together  as  if  they  were  ready  for  conflict  with 
Satan.  They  afterwards  faced  the  east,  the  region 
of  light,  where,  the  rising  sun  first  appears,  that 
before  the  sun  of  righteousness  they  might  record 
their  sacred  profession  as  Christians.  They  made 
a  solemn  vow  of  obedience  to  God,  and  "  there  was 
also  exacted  a  profession  of  faith  of  every  person  in 
be  baptized.  And  this  was  always  to  be  made  in 
the  same  words  of  the  creed  that  every  church  used 
for  the  baptism  of  her  catechumens."  3  They  were 
solemnly  questioned  publicly  in  the  church  on  the 
several  parts  of  the  Christian  faith,  and  after  some 
ceremonial  observances  without  warrant  of  Scrip 
ture  they  were  led  into  the  baptismal  waters  and 


CATECHUMEN! 


immersed.  Ambrose  of  Milan  gives  us  an  illustra 
tion  of  believer's  baptism  in  catechumenical  times 
when  lie  suvs.  "  Thou  wast  asked,  Dost  thou  be 
lieve  in  God  the  omnipotent  Father?  and  thou 
saidst.  I  believe  ;  and  thou  wast  immersed,  that  is, 
thou  wast  buried.  Again  thou  wast  asked,  Dost 
thou  believe  in  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  and  in  his 
cross '.'  and  thou  saidst,  I  believe;  and  thou  wast 
immersed,  and  therefore  thou  wast  buried  with 
Christ,  for  he  who  is  buried  with  Christ  shall  rise 
with  Christ:  a  third  time  thou  wast  asked.  Dost 
thou  believe  in  the  Holy  Spirit?  and  a  third  time 
thou  wast  immersed,  .  .  .  for  when  thou  dost  im 
merse  (mergis)  thou  dost  form  a  likeness  of  death 
and  burial."  '  The  baptism  of  the  catechumen!, 
the  baptism  of  the  Church  Universal  (Catholic) 
was  the  immersion  of  professed  believers. 

According  to  the  forty-second  canon  of  the  Coun 
cil  Kliberis,  or  Elvira,  held  about  A.D.  '!05.  the  reg 
ular  period  of  probation  for  the  eatechumeni  was 
two  years.  In  special  cases  it  might  be  shortened, 
but  this  was  the  ordinary  time.  It  rends,  "  Those 
who  give  in  their  names  to  be  entered  into  the 
church  shall  be  baptized  two  years  after,  if  they 
lead  a  regular  life,  unless  they  are  obliged  to  relieve 
them  sooner  upon  account  of  any  dangerous  sick 
ness,  or  that  it  is  judged  convenient  to  grant  them 
this  grace  because  of  the  fervor  of  their  prayers."  5 
The  two  years'  probation,  the  fervent  prayers,  and 
the  catechetical  instruction  unite  in  showing  that 
candidates  for  baptism  were  not  babes,  but  enlight 
ened  persons. 

It  is  pretended  that  catechumenical  instruction 
was  only  for  converts  from  heathenism.  This  state 
ment  is  entirely  unsupported  by  evidence.  The 
catechumenical  preparation  was  a  prerequisite  to 
baptism  for  all  classes  of  persons  for  ages,  except 
in  the  case  of  a  babe  threatened  with  death,  after 
superstition  created  and  gave  a  little  encourage 
ment  to  infant  baptism. 

For  various  reasons  infant  baptism  made  slow 
progress  against  the  baptism  of  catechised  persons. 
It  was  thought  that  baptism  washed  out  all  sin, 
and  parents  regarded  it  as  an  unwise  wa<te  of  so 
great  a  treasure  to  apply  it  to  babes  who  had  only 
Adam's  guilt,  when  they  would  need  its  cleansing 
power  so  much  more  as  they  grew  older.  Hence, 
even  in  Africa,  the  dark  birthplace  of  infant  im 
mersion,  and  in  the  days  of  Augustine,  the  grand 
patron  of  the  unscriptural  rite,  we  find  that  it  was 
necessary  to  use  the  curses  of  an  episcopal  council 
to  help  infant  baptism  in  its  efforts  to  spread.  The 
Council  of  Carthage,  held  A.D.  418.  in  its  second 
canon  "  pronounces  an  anathema  against  such  as 
deny  that  children  ought  to  be  baptized  as  soon  as 
they  arc  born."  6  The  bishops  of  Africa  had  hearers 
who  needed  maledictions,  and  a  good  many  of  them, 
to  give  up  the  baptism  of  believers.  No  curses 


are  needed  now  in  Pedobaptist  clerical  assemblies 
to  assist  the  infant  rite  into  extensive  popularity. 
At  least,  none  have  been  needed  for  centuries,  until 
within  the  last  fifty  years,  when  our  principles 
have  invaded  the  strongholds  of  Pedobaptism  and 
injured  it  in  the  sanctuaries  of  its  friends. 

The  great  Basil  was  born  of  pious  parents,  and 
baptized,  after  being  a  catechumenus.  in  his  twentv- 
eighth  year.7  The  same  thing  is  true  of  Gregory 
Nazianzen,  Ambrose,  Jerome,  and  Augustine,  the 
distinguished  churchmen  of  the  fourth  century,  and 
in  the  case  of  Augustine,  of  the  fourth  and  a  part 
of  the  fifth.  Gibbon,  speaking  of  this  period,  says, 
"  The  discretion  of  parents  often  suspended  the 
baptism  of  their  children  till  they  could  understand 
the  obligations  thev  contracted  ;  the  sacrament  of 
baptism  was  supposed  to  contain  a  full  and  absolute 
expiation  of  sin.  the  soul  was  instantly  restored  to 
its  original  purity,  and  entitled  to  the  promise  of 
eternal  salvation."  *  Archbishop  Cranmer  s;iys, 
li  St.  Gregory  Nazianzen,  as  great  a  clerk  (clergy 
man)  as  ever  was  in  Christ's  church,  and  master  to 
St.  Hierome,  counseled  that  children  should  not 
be  baptized  until  they  came  to  three  years  of  age, 
or  thereabout,  except  they  were  in  danger  of  life."  !l 
Cranmer's  testimony  about  Gregory's  advice  is  cor 
rect,  but  he  might  have  ndded  that  even  this  famous 
archbishop  of  Constantinople  was  heeded  by  few 
about  the  early  reception  of  baptism  ;  that  the 
reigning  emperor,  Theodosius,  "  who,  according  to 
Socrates,  had  been  instructed  in  Christian  prin 
ciples  by  his  pious  ancestors,"  only  submitted  to 
baptism  when  dangerously  ill  at  Thessalonica  :1(> 
and  that  baptisms  at  three  years  old  were  rare  oc 
currences.  The  celebrated  Bishop -Jewel  says,  •'  Like 
wise  in  old  times  they  that  were  called  eatechumeni 
were  warned  aforehand  to  prepare  their  hearts  that 
they  might  worthily  receive  baptism."  '  After 
making  the  statement  he  proceeds  to  quote  Clement 
and  Augustine  in  support  of  it.  Mosheim,  speak 
ing  of  the  third  century,  says.  "Baptism  was  pub 
licly  administered  twice  a  year  to  candidates  who 
had  gone  through  a  long  preparation  and  trial."  ' 
Xeander  declares  the  same  thing,  speaking  of  the 
early  churches.  "  Many  pious  but  mistaken  pa 
rents  .  .  .  wished  rather  to  reserve  baptismal  grace 
(for  their  children)  against  the  more  decided  and 
mature  age  of  manhood,  as  a  refuge  from  the 
temptations  and  storms  of  an  uncertain  life."  ' 
The  baptism  of  catechised  persons,  after  the  apos 
tolic  age  and  the  times  of  the  primitive  fathers, 
spread  everywhere,  and  it  existed  for  centuries 
after  it  is  commonly  supposed  that  infant  baptism 
had  banished  it  from  the  world.  We  have  this 
statement  confirmed  by  the  administration  of  bap 
tism  only  twice  a  year,  on  two  important  church 
feasts,  down  at  least  in  many  cases  to  the  tenth 
century.  In  the  West,  the  great  baptisms  at  Easter 


CATECHUMENI 


195 


CA  TECHUMENI 


and  Whitsuntide  were  in  their  full  glory  in  the 
ninth  century.  They  were  universal  for  adults  in 
the  fourth  century.  And  there  is  every  reason  for 
believing  that  in  many  cases  the  children  baptized 
in  the  ninth  century  were  in  some  degree  instructed, 
though  no  doubt  it  was  but  to  a  limited  extent. 
One  hundred  years  ago  every  child  in  Europe  and 
America  of  Pedobaptist  parentage  was  baptized 
within  a  month  after  birth.  In  the  ninth  century, 
and  afterwards,  only  sick  children  were  baptized, 
except  at  Easter  and  Pentecost.  The  abandonment 
of  the  two  great  baptisms  in  the  year  shows  an 
unquestionable  change  in  the  subjects  of  the  rite. 
Mihnan  says.  ''  At  Easter  and  Pentecost,  and  in 
some  places  at  the  Epiphany,  baptism  was  admin 
istered  publicly,  that  is,  in  the  presence  of  the 
faithful,  to  all  the  converts  of  the  year.''1*  The 
Council  of  Gerunda,  held  in  A.D.  517,  in  its  fourth 
and  fifth  canons,  decrees,  "  Baptism  shall  be  ad 
ministered  only  at  Easter  and  Whitsuntide;  at  the 
other  festivals  only  the  sick  shall  be  baptized. 
Children  shall  be  baptized  whenever  they  are  pre 
sented  if  they  be  sick  or  cannot  nurse  the  breast.''  r> 
This  baptism  is  clearly  for  the  old  candidates,  and 
only  sick  infants  are  to  receive  the  rite  at  other 
times.  Pope  Nicholas  T.,  in  his  69th  letter,  written 
A.D.  S58,  testifies  that  "  the  solemn  times  of  admin 
istering  baptism  are  the  feasts  of  Easter  and  Whit 
suntide,  but  that  it  is  not  necessary  to  observe  this 
(rule)  in  regard  to  people  newly  converted,  or  in 
reference  to  those  in  danger  of  death."  1G  In  SliS. 
the  Council  of  AVorms,  in  its  first  canon,  decreed 
"that  baptism  should  be  solemnly  administered 
only  at  Easter  and  AVhitsuntide."  n  In  895.  the 
Council  of  Tribur,  in  its  twelfth  canon,  ordained 
that  ''  the  sacrament  of  baptism  should  not  be 
administered  out  of  the  solemn  times — at  Easter 
and  AVhitsuntide."  ls  Whitsuntide,  it  has  been 
justly  observed,  "  was  one  of  the  stated  times  for 
baptism  in  the  ancient  church,  when  those  who 
were  baptized  put  on  white  garments  as  types  of 
that  spiritual  purity  they  receive  in  baptism,"  1!) 
hence  the  name,  Whitsunday,  AVhitmondav.  This 
is  a  season  of  rejoicing  in  several  European  coun 
tries  now,  though  the  grand  baptisms  have  ceased 
long  since.  In  the  ninth  century  they  still  had  the 
two  great  annual  baptisms,  and  the  customs  that 
obtained  when  all  the  candidates  for  baptism  were 
instructed  beforehand.  Of  course,  if  the  present 
practice  of  infant  baptism  had  prevailed,  and  each 
child  had  been  baptized  a  few  days  after  birth,  the 
Easter  and  Pentecost  baptisms  would  never  have 
existed.  But  the  probabilities  are  that  in  many 
places  in  Europe,  as  late  as  the  ninth  century,  or 
later,  the  persons  baptized  were  two  or  three  years 
old,  or  more,  so  that  they  could  answer  all  the 
usual  questions  themselves.  As  soon  as  the  bap 
tism  of  unconscious  babes  in  a  few  days  or  weeks 


after  birth  became  universal,  then  the  great  bap 
tisms  of  Easter  and  Pentecost  ended. 

From  Alcuin,  the  distinguished  Englishman,  who 
rendered  such  important  literary  and  religious  ser 
vices  to  Charlemagne  in  the  eighth  century,  we 
learn  that  there  were  catechumeni  in  his  day;  com 
menting  on  the  Gospel  of  John,  ii.  23,  24,  he  says, 
"  Ecclesiastical  custom  does  not  give  the  com 
munion  of  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ  to  the 
catechumeni,  because  they  are  not  born  of  water 
(baptized)  and  of  the  Spirit."20  There  were  cer 
tainly  catechumeni  at  this  time.  lie  states  in 
another  place.  '•  We  say  that  no  catechumenus 
(an  instructed  candidate  for  baptism),  although 
dying  in  good  works,  has  eternal  life,  unless  he 
becomes  a  martyr,  by  which  all  the  mysteries  of 
baptism  are  perfected  ;  for  by  blood,  fire,  and  other 
pains  the  confessors  were  baptized."  21  lie  speaks 
of  a  catechumenus  as  one  of  the  existing  characters 
of  his  day.  So  that  instruction  was  still  demanded 
in  some  parts  of  Christendom  outside  the  ranks  of 
the  Anabaptists  as  a  qualification  for  baptism. 

Robinson22  describes  a  baptism  which  took  place 
in  the  Lateran  baptistery  in  Koine,  in  which  three 
children,  representing  John  and  Peter  and  Mary, 
after  being  catechised  by  a  priest  and  instructed 
for  the  occasion,  were  solemnly  immersed  by  the 
pope  himself.  lie  wore  waxed  drawers,  the  cere 
mony  took  place  on  the  Saturday  before  Easter, 
and  the  children  were  the  recipients  of  some  relig 
ious  knowledge.  The  account  is  taken  from  an 
cient  Roman  ordinals  collected  by  Father  Mabillon, 
and  it  is  undoubtedly  reliable.  The  baptism  may 
be  attributed  to  any  period  from  the  ninth  to  the 
twelfth  century. 

Miiratori,  conservator  of  the  public  archives  of 
Modena  in  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  cen 
tury,  of  whom  it  is  recorded  that  "  literary  societies 
vied  with  each  other  in  sending  him  diplomas,  and 
authors  who  had  attained  eminence  in  different  de 
partments  of  literature  paid  him  the  homage  of 
enscribing  to  him  their  works,"  himself  a  learned 
Roman  Catholic,  in  view  of  a  mass  of  ancient  docu 
ments  treating  of  the  baptismal  history  of  his 
church,  from  the  tenth  to  the  fourteenth  century, 
says,  "  From  monuments  thus  far  produced,  we 
may  learn  how  many  ages  the  custom  among 
Christians  of  not  baptizing  infants  immediately  at 
birth,  as  we  now  do,  continued.  Unless  sickness 
or  danger  threatened  life,  a  reception  of  the  sacra 
ment  (of  baptism)  was  delayed  by  most  persons 
till  the  Saturday  before  Easter  Sunday  and  AVhit- 
sunday,  on  which  days  the  church  celebrated  the 
solemn  baptism." " 

Baptism  was  conferred  by  the  apostles  on  a  con 
fession  of  faith.  In  the  third  century  there  was  a 
period  of  instruction  imposed  before  the  rite  was 
conferred,  and  this  catechumenical  course  con- 


CAT  I  [CART 


196 


CAULDWKLL 


tinned,  the  candidates  for  baptism  growing  younger 
every  century,  for  a  considerable  period  after  the 
ninth  century.  The  baptism  of  unconscious  babes 
to  reach  universal  empire  in  the  great  church  and 
drive  believer's  baptism  to  the  shelter  of  the  little 
sects,  had  to  fight  the  AVord  of  God,  the  old  creeds 
and  customs  of  Christendom,  the  prejudices  of  all 
Christian  countries,  and  the  fierce  opposition  of 
Baptists  under  various  denominational  names,  and 
it  succeeded  at  last,  after  the  ninth  century.  But 
the  profession  of  faith  of  the  sponsors  for  the  child 
still  shows  the  old  divine  demand  for  faith  in  the 
candidates  of  baptism. 

1  .Just.  Phih.s.  et  .Mart..  Apol.  i.  Patrol.  Grjeca, 
torn.  vi.  p.  140.  Migne.  Parisiis.  ~  Kuscb.  Hcclos. 
Hist.,  lib.  vi.  40.  :!  Binghaui's  Antiquities,  book  i. 
4,  x.  2,  xi.  7.  4  De  Sacramentis,  lib.  iv.  7.  vol.  xvi.  p. 
44S.  Patrol.  Lut.  Migne.  •'  Du  Pin's  Kccles.  Hist., 
i.  593.  Dublin.  i;  Idem.,  i.  035.  '  Robinson's  Hist. 
of  Baptism,  pp.  91-95.  Nashville.  's  Decline  and 
Fall.  i.  450.  Magowan,  London.  y  Miscellaneous 
Writings,  p.  17;").  Parker  Society.  I0  Kccles.  Hist., 
lib.  v.  cap.  (i.  "Jewel's  Works,  p.  119.  Parker 
Society.  l~  Kccles.  Hist,,  p.  IOC).  London,  1S4S. 
1:1  Church  History,  ii.  319.  Boston.  "  History  of 
Christianity,  p.  400.  New  York,  1841.  ir>  Du  Pin, 
i.  OS8.  1(i  I,lem.,ii.  143.  IT  Idem.,  ii.  1  15.  ]s  Idem., 
ii.  118.  1!l  Buck's  Theological  Dictionary,  p.  450. 
20  Patrol.  Lat.,  torn.  c.  p.  777.  Migne.  al  Idem., 
torn.  ci.  p.  1074.  --  Robinson's  History  of  Baptism, 
p.  102.  2:)  Antiquitates  Italicae  Medii  JEvi,  torn.  iv. 
diss.  57.  De  Hitibus,  Mel.,  1738. 

Cathcart,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the 
County  of  Londonderry,  in  the  north  of  Ireland, 
Nov.  8,  182G ;  his  parents,  James  Cathcart  and 
Elizabeth  Cously,  were  of  Scotch  origin,  the  stock 
known  as  Scotch-Irish  in  the  United  States.  He 
was  wrought  up  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  of 
which,  for  some  years,  he  was  a  member.  The  Sa 
viour  called  him  into  his  kingdom  in  early  life, 
and  taught  him  that  he  should  preach  the  gospel. 
He  was  baptized  by  Rev.  R,  II.  Carson,  of  Tubber- 
more,  in  January,  184G.  He  studied  Latin  arid 
Greek  in  a  classical  school  near  the  residence  of 
his  father.  He  received  his  literary  and  theological 
education  in  the  University  of  Glasgow,  Scotland, 
and  in  Horton,  now  Rawdon  College,  Yorkshire, 
England.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Barnsley,  near  Sheffield,  England,  early 
in  1850.  From  political  and  anti-state  church 
considerations  he  determined  to  come  to  the  United 
States  in  1853,  and  on  the  18th  of  November  in 
that  year  he  arrived  in  New  York.  In  the  latter 
part  of  the  following  month  he  became  pastor  of 
the  Third  Baptist  church  of  Groton,  in  Mystic 
River,  Conn.  In  April,  1857,  he  took  charge  of 
the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
where  he  has  since  labored. 


In  1X73,  the  University  of  Lewisburg  conferred 
on  Mr.  Cathcart  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 
In  187G,  on  the  retirement  of  Dr.  Malcom  from  the 
presidency  of  the  American  Baptist  Historical  So 
ciety,  Dr.  Cathcart  was  elected  president,  and  has 
been  re-elected  at  each  annual  meeting  since.  In 


H'lLLIAM     CATUr.VKT,    D.I). 

1S75,  in  view  of  the  Centennial  year  of  our  national 
independence,  the  Baptist  Ministerial  Union,  of 
Pennsylvania,  appointed  Dr.  Cathcart  to  prepare  a 
paper,  to  be  read  at  their  meeting  in  Meadville  in 
1870,  on  "  The  Baptists  in  the  Revolution."  This 
paper,  by  enlargement,  became  a  duodecimo  volume, 
entitled  "The  Baptists  and  the  American  Revolu 
tion."  Dr.  Cathcart  has  also  published  a  large 
octavo,  called  "The  Papal  System."  and  "The 
Baptism  of  the  Ages  and  of  the  Nations,"  a  IGmo. 
Catlin,  Rev.  S.  T.,  was  born  in  Montville,  Me., 
and  died  May  1,  1878,  aged  fifty-nine  years:  or 
dained  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  in  1839.  After 
servinf  several  churches  in  his  native  State,  he 

O 

came  to  Hudson,  Wis.,  in  1851.  lie  was  ap 
pointed  Indian  missionary  by  the  American  Bap 
tist  Missionary  Union  in  1854.  He  subsequently 
preached  at  Osccola,  St.  Croix  Falls,  and  Taylor 
Falls,  lie  was  a  faithful  and  successful  pioneer 
preacher,  a  man  of  good  ability,  highly  esteemed 
by  the  churches  that  knew  him. 

Cailldwell,  Ebenezer,  a  prominent  Baptist 
layman  of  New  York,  was  born  in  England  in 
1791,  and  died  in  New  York  in  1875.  He  came 
with  his  father  in  early  life  to  New  York,  and  en 
gaged  with  him  in  merchandising  ;  and  securing  the 
entire  business  of  the  firm  on  the  death  of  his 


CAUSLKR 


CENTRA L    UNIVERSITY 


father,  lie  built  up  a  commercial  house  without  a 
superior  in  his  line.  When  a  lad  lie  was  converted, 
and  joined  the  Oliver  Street  church,  and  became 
one  of  its  most  efficient  members.  He  was  chosen 
a  deacon  of  his  church,  and  a  member  of  the  board 
of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society, 
and  its  treasurer.  He  gave  liberally  to  its  funds. 
as  he  did  to  all  other  enterprises  of  the  Baptist 
denomination.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Hope  Chapel  Baptist  church,  which,  about  1850, 
built  a  house  on  Broadway.  A  few  years  later  the 
church  erected  a  large  edifice  on  Twenty-third 
Street,  and  changed  its  name  to  the  Calvary  church. 
With  this  community  he  held  the  office  of  deacon 
while  he  lived.  lie  was  a  Christian  without  blem 
ish,  dear  to  all  his  Master's  servants  who  knew  him. 
Causler,  Rev.  A.  G.,  a  leading  member  of  Co 
lumbia  Association,  in  the  southern  part  of  Arkan 
sas,  was  born  in  the  State  of  South  Carolina  in 
1825.  He  began  to  preach  in  1852.  lie  labored 
efficiently  in  his  native  State  until  181)7,  when  he 
removed  to  the  northern  part  of  Arkansas,  and  after 
a  few  years  there  came  to  Columbia  Association, 
and  engaged  in  the  active  duties  of  his  calling.  He 
died  in  1S72. 

Cedar  Valley  Seminary,  Osage,  Iowa,  had 

its  origin  in  a  proposition  from  the  citizens  of 
Osage  to  the  Cedar  Valley  Baptist  Association, 
September,  1862.  that  they  would  furnish  appro 
priate  buildings  if  the  Association  would  establish 
and  maintain  an  institution  of  learning  suited  to 
the  wants  of  the  community.  After  careful  delib 
eration,  the  Association 

"  Resolved^  That  we  fully  approve  of  the  accept 
ance  of  said  buildings,  and  pledge  our  hearty  co 
operation  in  the  execution  of  the  enterprise.'' 

After  fully  canvassing  the  subject,  and  after  a 
conference  with  the  parties  concerned,  Rev.  Alva 
Bush,  who  had  just  concluded  his  engagement  as 
Professor  of  Mathematics  in  the  Upper  Iowa  Uni 
versity,  moved  his  family  to  Osage,  and  on  Jan.  10, 
18G3,  commenced  a  school  in  the  court-house,  to 
which  was  given  the  name  of  Cedar  Valley  Semi 
nary.  In  September,  1864,  the  Association  assumed 
the  control  of  the  school  and  appointed  a  board  of 
trustees.  In  December,  1867,  a  legal  organization 
was  completed.  In  1867,  property  was  purchased, 
and  a  fine  seminary  building  was  erected  during 
the  following  two  years  by  the  citizens  of  Osage, 
according  to  their  original  proposal.  In  Septem 
ber.  1869,  this  property  was  formally  tendered  to 
the  Association  on  condition  that  they  raise  *20,000 
and  maintain  a  good  school.  The  offer,  with  its 
conditions,  was  accepted,  and  the  raising  of  the 
endowment  undertaken.  But  owing  to  the  great 
severity  of  the  times  the  sum  was  not  raised  till 
1876.  The  title  was  transferred  to  the  board  of 
trustees  in  May,  1876,  who  now  have  the  owner 


ship  and  absolute  control.  At  each  recurring 
meeting  of  the  Association,  trustees  are  appointed 
to  fill  vacancies  in  the  board,  and  renewed  evidence 
of  sympathy  and  interest  in  the  institution  through 
out  the  bounds  of  the  Association  is  manifested 
from  year  to  year.  Prof.  Alva  Bush,  LL.D.,  has 
been  continued  at  the  head  of  the  institution  since 
1863.  In  1871,  the  seminary  sent  out  its  first  grad 
uating  class. 

Centennial  Institute,  located  at  Warren,  Brad 
ley  Co.,  Ark.,  under  the  patronage  of  the  General 
Association  of  Southeastern  Arkansas,  was  opened 
in  1875.  It  is  at  present  under  the  direction  of 
Rev.  W.  E.  Paxton.  A.M..  with  three  other  teachers. 
A  plan  for  the  endowment  of  the  school  has  been 
put  on  foot,  and  an  airent  is  at  work  in  this  field. 
It  is  located  in  the  midst  of  the  most  fertile  por 
tion  of  the  State,  on  the  line  of  the  Mississippi, 
Ouachita  and  Red  River  Railroad.  The  spring 
term  of  1880  closed  with  100  matriculates. 

Central  Female  College  is  located  at  Clinton, 

Hinds  Co.,  Miss.  The  want  of  suitable  facilities 
in  the  State  for  the  education  of  the  daughters  of 
Baptists  was  long  felt.  At  length  the  venerable 
Dr.  Phillips  made  a  movement  in  this  direction  in 
the  Central  Baptist  Association,  which  resulted  in 
the  establishment  of  this  school.  In  1856,  Dr. 
Walter  Hillman  and  his  accomplished  ladv  were 
called  to  this  institution,  and  for  twenty-four  years 
under  their  management  it  has  prospered,  and  her 
daughters  are  filling  the  highest  social  positions  in 
the  State.  The  spring  term  of  1880  closed  with 
104  students  and  6  teachers.  The  buildings  are 
the  private  property  of  Dr.  Hillman  and  his  wife. 
Central  University,  Pella,  Iowa,  was  estab 
lished  by  a  Convention  representing  the  Baptists 
of  the  State,  which  located  the  institution  at  Pella, 
Marion  County,  and  named  it  Central  University. 
They  appointed  a  board  of  30  trustees,  divided 
into  3  classes  of  10  each,  and  an  executive  com 
mittee  of  7.  They  determined  to  open  the  acad 
emical  department  of  the  school  at  once,  of  which, 
on  their  appointment,  E.  H.  Scarff,  A.M..  took 
charge  and  commenced  the  school.  During  the 
first  two  years  it  steadily  advanced  in  numbers 
and  in  the  grade  of  scholarship,  and  the  board 
were  encouraged  in  June,  1858.  to  open  a  regular 
collegiate  course.  They  elected  Rev.  E.  (Junn 
president.  In  the  same  vear  Mrs.  I).  C.  A.  Stod- 
dard  was  chosen  principal  of  the  ladies'  depart 
ment.  From  1857  to  1861.  the  prospects  of  the 
institution  were  very  flattering,  and  classes  were 
formed  as  high  as  the  Junior  class.  The  aggregate 
number  of  students  for  the  year  1861  was  377. 
At  the  opening  of  the  war,  in  1861,  many  of  the 
students  responded  to  the  call  for  soldiers,  and  at 
the  close  of  the  summer  term,  1862.  there  was  not 
an  able-bodied  man  of  sufficient  a«;e  to  bear  arms. 


CHA  CK 


198 


CHAMBERS 


in  the  college.  Rev.  E.  Gunii  resigned  the  presi 
dency  and  Prof.  Currier  enlisted  in  the  army.  Of 
the  114  students  who  went  to  the  war,  26  were 
commissioned  ofHeers,  IT  non-commissioned  officers, 

and  21  fell  on  the  field.  In  1805,  Prof.  Currier  re 
turned  from  the  army  to  his  place  in  the  university. 
At  the  annual  meeting  in  June,  1870.  it  was  re 
solved  to  raise  $10,000  as  the  nucleus  of  endow 
ment.  The  ellbrt  was  successful.  The  board,  in 
•  June.  1ST  1.  resolved  to  prosecute  the  work  of  en 
dowment,  and  elected  Rev.  L.  A.  Dunn.  D.D.,  of 
Fairfax,  Vt..  president.  At  the  opening  of  the 
winter  term  he  delivered  his  inaugural  address 
and  entered  upon  his  labors,  and  he  has  earnestly 
pressed  forward  the  work  of  the  university.  Among 
those  educated  at  the  institution  there  are  7  edi 
tors,  7  doctors.  .">!  ministers.  42  lawyers,  and  hun 
dreds  of  school-teachers,  and  a  large  number  of 
others  in  various  walks  of  life.  The  university 
has  a  full  college  course;  the  Senior  class  numbers 
7,  the  •  Junior  8,  the  Sophomore  12.  the  Freshman 
1'J,  the  Sub-Freshman  36.  It  also  has  an  acad 
emical  department  and  a  musical  class,  in  all  some 
200  students.  The  president,  of  the  university  is 
assisted  in  his  work  by  a  full  corps  of  able  in 
structors. 

Chace,  Prof.  George  Ide,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 

Lancaster,  Mass.,  Feb.  19,  1808.  He  fitted  for  col 
lege  at  the  academy  in  bis  native  town,  and  was  a 
graduate  of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1830. 
Soon  after  leaving  college  he  took  charge  of  the 
Preparatory  Classical  School  in  \Vaterville,  Me., 
where  he  remained  through  the  academic  year  of 
1880-31,  and  then  accepted  an  appointment  as 
tutor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy  in 
Brown  University,  and  was  shortly  made  adjunct 
professor  with  the  late  Dr.  Caswell.  His  connec 
tion  with  the  university  covered  a  period  of  forty- 
one  years.  For  fifteen  years  he  occupied  the  chair 
of  Chemistry,  Physiology,  and  Geology,  and  for  five 
years,  1867-72,  the  chair  of  Moral  Philosophy  and 
Metaphysics.  On  the  resignation  of  Rev.  Dr.  Sears 
to  enter  upon  his  duties  as  superintendent  of  the 
Peabody  Educational  Fund,  Prof.  Chace  held  the 
office  of  president  of  the  university  one  year,  when 
he  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Robinson.  lie  closed  his 
connection  with  the  university  in  1872,  and  went 
abroad,  spending  a  year  and  a  half  in  foreign  travel, 
extending  his  trip  as  far  as  Egypt.  For  the  few  years 
past  Prof.  Chace  has  occupied  prominent  and  use 
ful  positions  in  the  city  of  Providence,  as  a  mem 
ber  of  the  municipal  government,  and  as  the  presi 
dent  of  the  State  Board  of  Charities  and  of  Rhode 
Island  Hospital.  In  1853.  he  received  the  degree 
of  Ph.D.  from  Lewisburg  University,  and  that  of 
LL.D.  from  Brown  University.  He  is  a  prominent 
member  of  the  venerable  First  Baptist  church,  and 
takes  a  deep  interest  in  its  prosperity. 


Challis,  Rev.  James  M.,  was  born  in  Philadel- 
)hia,  Pa..  Jan.  4.  1779.  At  an  early  age  he  lost  his 
ather,  and  went  with  his  mother  to  reside  at 
Salem,  X.  J.  There  he  grew  up  under  the  ministry 
of  Rev.  Mr.  Sheppard,  by  whom  he  was  baptized 
mil  encouraged  to  turn  his  attention  to  the  min- 
istrv.  He  was  licensed  by  the  church,  and  after 
pending  a  short  time  in  preparatory  study  with 
Dr.  Ilolcomb,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
Philadelphia,  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  church  at  Upper  Freehold,  N.  J.,  where,  in  1S22, 
lie  was  ordained.  Ho  removed  to  Lower  Dublin,  Pa., 
in  1838.  With  this  ancient  church  he  remained 
-even  vears,  when  he  returned  to  New  .Jersey  and 
became  pastor  of  the  churches  at  Moorestown  and 
Marlton.  and  in  1842  of  the  Cohansey  church. 
Here  he  labored  eight  years,  when,  owing  to  ad 
vancing  age.  he  resigned  his  charge  and  ended  all 
pastoral  labors.  Removing  to  Bridgeton.  he  united 
with  the  First  Baptist  church.  Here  be  resided 
till  his  death,  in  April.  1868,  preaching,  however, 
at  different  points,  as  opportunity  offered,  and  some 
times  supplying  vacant  churches  for  months  in  suc 
cession.  His  whole  ministry  covered  a  period  of 
more  than  forty  years,  during  which  he  was  instru 
mental  in  bringing  many  to  Christ,  some  of  whom 
now  occupy  positions  of  prominence  and  usefulness 
in  our  churches.  During  his  last  illness,  which 
was  short  but  exceedingly  painful,  he  experienced 
UTeat  peace  of  mind,  and  a  sweet  assurance  through 
ii-race  of  entering  into  the  everlasting  rest. 

Chambers,  Rev.  K.,  was  born  about  six  miles 
from  Milledgeville,  April  7,  1814.  lie  became  the 
subject  of  religious  impressions  when  young,  and 
in  1832.  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
Mount  Olive  church  by  Klder  T.  D.  Oxford.  He 
Avas  ordained  in  1839  by  J.  P.  Leverett,  J.  J. 
Salmon,  and  Wiley  M.  Pope.  From  that  time  till 
he  left  the  State  he  Avas  pastor  of  four  churches, 
and  one  year  served  the  Washington  Association  as 
missionary  and  colporteur.  lie  removed  to  Florida 
in  1854.  and  settled  ui  Columbia  County,  where  he 
vet  resides.  Here,  as  in  Georgia,  his  services  were 
in  demand,  and  the  first  year  he  lived  in  the  State 
he  pmiched  to  three  churches. 

At  his  siiL'iiestion,  and  through  his  influence  in 
part,  the  Santa  Fe  River  Association  Avas  organized, 
and  he  served  it  two  years  as  missionary,  and  in 
one  year  built  up  eight  churches.  He  Avas  several 
times  elected  moderator  of  the  Association,  and 
presided  once  or  twice  over  the  State  Convention, 
and  he  was  State  evangelist  for  two  or  three  years. 
More  than  500  persons  have  been  baptized  by  him 
in  Florida.  It  is  questionable  Avhether  any  min 
ister  has  been  more  largely  instrumental  in  build 
ing  up  the  denomination  in  the  State  to  its  present 
condition,  than  Kinsey  Chambers. 

He  is  strong  in  the  gospel,  and  a  thorough  Bap- 


en  A  MULISH 


199 


CHAMPLIN 


tist.  lie  makes  no  compromises.  lie  abounds  in 
charity,  but  it  is  the  charity  that  "  rejoices  in  the 
truth."  Though  somewhat  controversial  in  his 
ministry,  and  a  man  of  decided  convictions,  he  is 
generally  beloved,  and  commands  the  respect  of 
those  -who  differ  from  him.  He  held  a  controversy 
with  a  Pedolmptist  minister  in  1860,  and  after 
wards  had  the  pleasure  of  immersing  some  who 
had  been  immersed  by  him.  He  is  a  conservative, 
however,  in  reference  to  disputed  questions  in  re 
ligion.  He  is  a  good  and  useful  man.  ''whose 
foot  has  never  slipped,"  and  who  preaches  by  his 
example.  Not  a  spot  can  be  found  upon  his  char 
acter.  He  has  proved  his  devotion  to  the  cause  of 
Christ  by  his  labors  and  sacrifices.  Blessed  with 
a  good  constitution,  he  has  worked  hard  as  a 
preacher  of  the  gospel  he  loves  so  much. 

Chambliss,  J.  A.,  D.D.,  the  able  and  popular 
pastor  of  the  Citadel  Square  church,  Charleston. 
S.  C..  was  born  at  Athens,  (la..  Aug.  (}().  1S40.  his 
father,  A.  W.  Chambliss.  I). I).,  being  at  that  time 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Athens,  and  teacher 
of  the  University  Grammar  School.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  studied  in  the  preparatory  depart 
ment  of  Howard  College,  Marion,  Ala.,  to  which 
place  his  father  had  moved,  until  1855,  when  be 
entered  Georgetown  College.  Ky.,  and  remained 
two  years,  returning  to  Marion,  Avhere,  in  1858, 
he  entered  Howard  College,  graduating  with  the 
first  honor  in  1859.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year 
he  entered  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Semi 
nary  at  Greenville,  and  was  graduated  alone — Ilie 
"first  graduate — in  May,  1861.  He  professed  con 
version  at  eleven  years  of  age,  and  was  baptized  at 
Marion,  Ala.,  by  Rev.  J.  II.  DeVotie.  His  convic 
tions  in  regard  to  preaching  became  settled  and 
permanent  when  at  Howard  College,  and  God  raised 
up  friends  to  enable  him  to  complete  his  education 
there  and  at  the  seminary, — first,  in  Jeremiah 
Brown,  and  then  in  ex-Gov.  John  Gill  Shorter, 
two  of  God's  noblemen :  both  are  now  gone  to 
their  reward.  Graduating  at  the  seminary  in  his 
twenty-first  year,  he  immediately  settled  as  pastor 
of  the  church  at  Sumter,  S.  C.  ;  but  the  war  coming 
on  and  bringing  years  full  of  anxiety  and  inter 
ruptions,  by  calls  to  labor  among  the  soldiers,  he 
accepted  a  chaplaincy  in  the  army  and  resigned  his 
charge  of  the  church,  severing  ties  of  the  tenderest 
and  most  loving  character.  In  1866  he  settled  for 
a  brief  period  as  pastor  of  the  Aiken,  S.  C., 
church,  removing  in  1867  to  Richmond,  Va.,  at  the 
call  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  that  city.  This 
pastorate  continued  four  years,  until  the  expres 
sion,  by  the  pastor,  of  opinions  on  the  communion 
question  not  in  unison  with  those  of  the  church, 
led  to  his  resignation.  That  the  Christian  love  and 
confidence  of  the  church  were  retained  by  him  is 
evidenced  by  the  present  to  him  from  the  church, 


at  parting,  of  a  purse  containing  nearly  $1000.  For 
one  year  Mr.  Chambliss  taught  a  large  classical 
and  English  school  in  Richmond,  preaching  con 
stantly  in  the  city  and  vicinity.  In  the  summer 
of  1872  it  became  known  that  his  views  were  sub 
stantially  in  harmony  with  those  of  the  denomina 
tion  at  large,  and  he  received  several  calls  from 
different  churches.  In  October,  1872,  he  accepted 
the  call  of  the  Citadel  Square  church,  Charleston, 
where  he  still  remains.  Nothing  but  eminent  abili 
ties  and  an  unimpeachable  character,  added  to  un 
tiring  exertions,  could  have  given  Mr.  Chambliss 
the  success  in  life  he  has  met,  and  obtained  for 
him  the  love  and  confidence  he  has  ever  received. 
Should  he  live  he  will  undoubtedly  take  rank 
among  the  highest  in  the  denomination,  and  ac 
complish  results  that  will  make  his  name  honorable 
in  the  annals  of  Christian  labor.  Mr.  Chambliss 
is  gentle  in  manners,  and  is  universally  popular. 
His  churches  have  always  been  enthusiastically 
attracted  to  him.  and  he  seems  to  possess  in  the 
highest  degree  the  magnetic  power  of  winning  the 
affections  of  all  who  come  in  contact  with  him. 
As  a  preacher,  he  is  simple,  earnest,  forcible,  and 
pre-eminently  evangelical.  There  are  few  more 
effective  preachers  of  the  simple,  soul-saving  truths 
of  the  irospel. 

Champlin,  James  Tift,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Col 
chester,  Conn.,  June  9.  1811.  lie  entered  Brown 
University  in  1830.  and  graduated  with  the  highest 
honors  of  his  class  in  1834.  Among  his  classmates 
were  Rev.  Dr.  Silas  Bailey  and  lion.  J.  R.  Bullock, 
afterwards  governor  of  Rhode  Island.  From  1835 
to  March,  1838.  he  was  a  tutor  in  the  university, 
at  the  end  of  which  period  he  was  invited  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Portland, 
Me.  Here  he  remained  until  the  fall  of  1841, 
when  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of  Ancient  Lan 
guages  in  Colby  University,  then  Waterville  Col 
lege.  He  remained  in  this  position  sixteen  years, 
when  he  was  invited  to  assume  the  office  of  presi 
dent  of  the  college.  He  entered  upon  his  duties 
in  this  capacity  in  1857,  and  continued  in  the  pres 
idential  chair  until  1872,  thus  making  his  connec 
tion  with  the  college  extend  over  a  period  of  thirty- 
one  years.  The  administration  of  Dr.  Champlin 
was  successful  in  adding  greatly  to  the  resources 
of  the  college,  and  increasing  its  facilities  for  giving 
a  thorough  training  to  young  men  seeking  an  edu 
cation,  lie  knew  how  to  influence  men  of  wealth, 
and  awaken  in  them  an  interest  in  the  cause  of 
good  learning.  It  was  while  he  was  president  that 
the  name  which  was  given  to  the  college  in  its 
original  charter  was  changed  to  Colby  University, 
in  honor  of  Gardner  Colby,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  a 
largeJnearted  benefactor  of  the  college. 

While  acting  as  professor  and  president  of  the 
college,  Dr.  Champlin  published  several  text-books 


C HANKY 


to  he  used  in  the  departments  of  instruction  which 
came  under  his  special  supervision.  Among  these 
were  an  edition  of  ''  Demosthenes  on  the  Crown," 
"Demosthenes'  Select  Orations,"  "  .Kschines  on 
the  Crown,"  "  A  Text-Book  on  Intellectual  Philos 
ophy,"  "First  Principles  of  Ethics,"  "A  Text- 


JAMKS    TII-'T    CHAMPLIX,    D.I). 

Book  of  Political  Economy.''  lie  has  written  also 
for  the  periodical  press.  Soon  after  his  resignation 
he  removed  to  Portland,  where  he  now  ( 1 X78)  resides. 

Chandler,  Rev.  Asa,  a  very  prominent  member 
of  the  Sarepta  Association.  (ieorgia,  and  a  man  \vlio, 
for  years,  stood  in  the  front  rank  of  IJaptist  minis 
ters  of  his -section  as  a  pious,  able,  and  influential 
preacher.  He  was  a  strong  supporter  of  missions  and 
education  ;  was  often  moderator  of  his  Association, 
and  died  after  a  lung  life  of  great  usefulness,  in 
which  he  had  the  loving  confidence  and  respect  of 
every  one  in  the  community,  lie  possessed  a  fine 
person,  an  open,  intelligent  face,  with  an  amiable 
and  pleasant  expression. 

Chandler,  George  Clinton,  D.D.,   was  born 

March  19.  1807,  at  Chester,  Vt.  :  baptized  in  lXl>.>, 
and  licensed  to  preach  in  IS)]];  graduated  at 
[Madison  University  in  1835,  and  in  1X38,  after 
a  three  years'  course,  at  Newton;  Sept.  5.  ]S38, 
was  ordained,  and  soon  after  went  to  Indiana  as  a 
home  missionary,  and  preached  one  year  at  Terre 
Haute.  In  1839,  he  beca.ne  pastor  at  Indianapolis, 
and  in  1843  was  appointed  president  of  Franklin 
College.  After  seven  years  of  great  success  as  an 
educator,  lie  was  urged  to  go  to  Oregon  as  president 
of  the  young  Baptist  college  there.  He  crossed  the 
plains  in  1851,  and  was  for  many  years  at  the  head 


of  the  institution,  but  subsequently  gave  himself  to 
pastoral  and  missionary  work,  preaching  and  trav 
eling  over  nearly  all  parts  of  the  State.  In  1874 
he  was  summoned  to  the  vacant  pulpit  at  Dalles, 
Oregon,  and  promptly  heeded  the  call.  In  No 
vember.  IS74,  after  preaching  from  the  words.  "I 
can  do  all  things  through  Christ,''  he  was  listening 
to  the  Sunday-school  song.  "  Shall  we  meet  beyond 
the  River?"  when  the  book  fell  from  his  hands  ;  he 
sat  motionless,  having  been  struck  by  paralysis. 
Frmn  that  attack  he  has  never  recovered.  In  his 
home,  at  Forest  drove,  he  sits  speechless  still,  appa 
rently  unconscious  of  all  that  is  passing  around 
him,  or  of  the  great  work  he  has  done  in  his  long 
and  useful  life.  Ilis  family  is  one  of  the  most  de 
votedly  pious  in  Oregon.  His  oldest  son,  Uev.  E.  K. 
Chandler,  is  a  successful  pastor  at  Rockfield.  111. 

Chandler,  Rev.  P.  B.,  was  born  in  Oglethorpe 
Co.,  (!a.,  -Jan.  127,  IX It)  :  joined  the  church  in  Au 
gust.  183X.  Having  decided  that  he  was  called  to 
preach,  he  also  determined  to  prepare  for  the  work, 
consequently  he  sold  out  his  home  and  farm  and 
went,  with  his  wife  and  three  children,  to  Mercer 
University,  Penfield,  (la...  and  spent  three  years. 
Taught  two  years  in  (ieorgia.  and  in  November. 
1X4C),  migrated  to  Texas,  where  he  labored  for  two 
years  as  a  missionary  of  the  Home  Mission  Board 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention.  For  twentv- 
eight  years  he  resided  in  Fayette  Co.,  Texas, 
preaching  to  churches  in  Fayette,  AVashington.  and 
Savaca  Counties,  serving  three  or  four  at  one  time. 
Since  1X74  he  has  resided  near  Gatesville,  Corvell 
County,  and  preached  to  several  churches.  Has 
been  for  some  years  moderator  of  Colorado  Associa 
tion,  and  is  moderator  of  Leon  I  liver  Association. 
He  has  brought  up  four  sons  and  eight  daughters, 
all  of  whom  are  consistent  members  of  Baptist 
churches.  As  a  preacher,  moderator  of  Associa 
tions,  vice-president  of  the  State  Convention,  trus 
tee  of  Baylor  University,  and  in  other  relations  of 
life,  he  has  impressed  the  population  among  whom 
he  has  resided  as  few  men  have  ever  done  in  Texas. 

Chaney,  Rev.  Bailey  E.,  a  pioneer  Baptist 
preacher  of  Mississippi,  removed  from  South  Caro 
lina  about  1790  and  settled  near  Natchez.  During 
the  persecution  against  Curtis  and  his  companions, 
Chaney  concealed  himself.  AVhen  the  territory 
was  transferred  to  the  United  States  the  people 
assembled  in  large  numbers,  a  brush  arbor  was 
constructed,  and  Bailey  E.  Chaney  was  sent  for. 
and  while  the  flag  of  the  United  States  floated  over 
him  he  preached  the  gospel  of  Christ  unawed  by 
the  minions  of  Home.  In  179X  he  visited  an 
American  settlement  near  Baton  Rouge,  in  Louis 
iana,  and  preached ;  but  being  arrested,  he  ob 
tained  release  by  promising  to  preach  no  more. 
After  this  he  returned  to  Mississippi  and  labored 
there  until  his  death,  which  occurred  about  1816. 


CHANLER 


•20  [ 


CHArtN 


Chanler,  Rev.  Isaac,  was  bovn  in  1701  in 
Bristol,  England,  and  removed  to  South  Carolina 
when  he  was  about  thirty-two  years  of  age.  He 
settled  near  Charleston,  and  was  chosen  pastor  of 
the  church  in  that  city,  lie  filled  the  office  with 
great  acceptance  and  success  till  his  death,  which 
occurred  Nov.  30,  1749.  He  was  distinguished  for 
his  talents  and  for  his  devoted  piety,  lie  pub 
lished  a  work  called  ''  The  Doctrines  of  Glorious 
Grace  Unfolded.  Defended,  and  Practically  Im 
proved,"  which  was  very  highly  esteemed.  lie 
also  issued  ''A  Treatise  on  Original  Sin"  and  some 
minor  publications. 

Chapell,  Rev.  Frederick  Leonard,  the  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  at  Janesville,  "Wis., 

was  born  in  Waterford  Township,  adjoining  the 
citv  of  New  London,  Conn..  Nov.  9,  1830.  His 
parents  were  Baptists,  and  members  of  the  church 
in  Waterford  of  which  Kldor  Darrow  was  for  so 
man}-  years  pastor.  But  his  mother  dying  in  his 
infancv.  he  was  adopted  by  an  uncle  and  aunt  who 
were  Congregationalists.  He  was  brought  up 
under  the  religious  influence  of  that  denomina 
tion,  attending  the  ministry  of  the  venerable  Dr. 
Abel  McKwcn.  fifty-four  years  pastor  of  the  First 
Congregational  church  of  New  London.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  "Giload"  Sunday-school,  Water- 
ford,  of  which  Hon.  Gilbert  P.  Haven  was  the 
founder,  and  for  forty  years  the  superintendent. 
Here,  in  this  school,  he  laid  the  foundation  of 
what  has  since  grown  up  into  a  solid  structure  of 
Christian  character.  His  religious  exercises  began 
earlv  in  his  childhood,  but  he  did  not  obtain  a  hope 
in  Christ  until  he  was  in  his  sixteenth  year.  Now 
began  a  struggle.  His  foster-parents  and  numer 
ous  friends  desired  that  his  public  profession  of 
Christ  should  be  made  in  connection  with  tin- 
Congregational  church.  His  convictions,  after 
mature  and  prayerful  study,  would  not  allow  him 
to  be  anything  but  a  Baptist.  Having  settled  the 
question  of  dutv.  his  friends  cordially  concurring 
in  h '.s  decision,  he  was  baptized  in  October,  1853, 
into  the  Huntington  Street  church  of  New  London 
by  the  pastor,  Elder  Jabcz  Swan.  Immediately 
upon  his  conversion,  having  clear  convictions  that 
he  was  called  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  "not 
consulting  with  flesh  and  blood,"  he  began  at  once 
a  course  of  preparation  for  that  work.  He  entered 
Yale  College  in  1856  and  graduated  in  1800,  and 
entered  llochester  Theological  Seminary  in  1801, 
graduating  in  the  class  of  1S04.  He  was  licensed  | 
to  preach  the  gospel  by  the  "Wooster  Place  church  of 
Now  Haven,  of  which  Prof.  W.  C.  Wilkinson  was 
then  pastor.  Upon  graduating  in  1804.  he  accepted 
a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Mid- 
dletown,  0..  and  was  ordained  in  September  of  that 
year.  Dr.  Henry  Harvey  was  the  moderator  of  the 
Council  and  preached  the  ordination  sermon. 
14 


During  his  first  pastorate  he  grew  in  strength  as 
a  minister,  and  rapidly  built  up  the  church  in 
Christian  usefulness  and  power.  The  church  edi 
fice  was  enlarged,  improved,  and  refurnished  at  a 
cost  of  §12,000.  In  the  summer  of  1871  he  ac 
cepted  the  urgent  call  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Evanston,  111.,  the  principal  suburban  town  of 
Chicago,  and  entered  at  once  upon  his  work  in  this 
new  field.  During  his  pastorate  here  the  church 
rapidly  grew  in  all  the  elements  of  healthy  church 
life.  Many  families  of  wealth  and  influence  were 
added  to  the  congregation.  A  new  church  site 
was  secured  and  a  new  house  of  worship  erected. 
costing,  with  furnishing,  S35;000.  During  Mr. 
Chapell's  pastorate  at  Evanston  he  took  an  active 
part  in  all  the  denominational  matters  in  the  city 
of  Chicago,  being  a  member  of  the  boards  of  the 
university  and  theological  seminary,  and  secre 
tary  of  the  Northwestern  Theological  Union.  He 
was  a  leading  spirit  in  the  ministers'  meetings  of 
the  citv.  In  July,  1878,  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Janesville,  Wis.  During  the 
sixteen  years  of  his  ministry  he  has  preached  1501 
times  and  conducted  1328  social  meetings.  lie 
has  served  as  moderator  of  each  of  the  Associations 
with  which  he  has  been  connected.  Mr.  Chapell 
has  on  several  occasions  been  selected  as  one  of  the 
lecturers  before  the  students  of  the  Chicago  Bap 
tist  Theological  Seminary.  lie  has  contributed 
valuable  historical  and  philosophical  articles  to  the 
periodical  literature  of  the  day.  and  a  series  of 
sermons  on  revivals,  published  by  him  several  years 
since  in  the  fctdiulurd,  created  much  attention.  He 
has  a  logical  mind,  and  a  special  fondness  for  his 
torical  and  philological  investigation.  He  is  a 
clear  and  able  expounder  of  the  Word  of  God  in 
the  pulpit,  and  among  his  people  a  wise  and  faith 
ful  shepherd  of  the  flock  of  God. 

Chapin,  Rev.  Nelson  Elisha,  is  a  native  of 

Granville,  Washington  Co..  N.  V.,  whore  he  was 
born  March  10.  1815,  and  where  he  passed  his 
earl}-  childhood  and  youth.  His  impressions  that 
Christ  called  him  to  preach  the  gospel  were  clear 
and  convincing,  and  early  in  life  he  gave  himself 
to  preparation  for  the  work  of  the  ministry.  He 
pursued  a  course  of  study  at  Granville  Academy, 
N.  Y.,  and  was  also  a  student  at  Meriden  Academy. 
N.  II.  He  was  under  the  instruction  of  Prof.  lias- 
call,  one  of  the  founders  of  Madison  University. 
N.  Y.  He  was  ordained  in  1839  at  Smithport, 
McKean  Co.,  Pa.,  and  immediately  settled  as  pas 
tor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Bradford,  same  county. 
After  serving  several  churches  in  New  York  and 
Pennsylvania,  he  received,  in  1845,  a  commission 
from  the  Genesee  Baptist  Association,  N.  Y.,  to 
operate  as  its  missionary  in  the  lead-mine  district 
of  Wisconsin.  He  immediately  set  out  on  his  jour 
ney  to  his  field  of  labor,  with  his  wife  and  two  chil- 


CHAl'LAIXK 


(Iron,  traveling  the  entire  distance,  about  |0()0  miles, 
in  II'KS  own  wagon,  subjecting  himself  and  family  to 
great  exposure  and  hardship  in  accomplishing  it. 
lie  bewail  hi-  ministrv  in  (irant  Co..  Wis.  His 
field,  however,  covered  several  entire  comities,  and 
t  i  reach  the  do/.en  or  more  little  churches  of  which 
In'  was  the  missionary  pastor,  and  most,  of  which 
he  had  gathered,  he  had  to  travel  over  a  circuit  of 
-^(}  miles  everv  two  weeks.  lie  was  of  the  heroic 
order  ol  men  and  of  great  physical  endurance,  or 
he  could  not  have  sustained  the  vast  strain  that 
came  upon  him  in  these  pioneer  labors.  lie  has 
been  pa-tor  at  Lancaster.  Heaver  Ham.  Darlington, 
A/.telan,  Merton.  and  is  now  pastor  at  Lodi.  His 
ministry  in  \\  isoonsin  covers  a  period  of  forty  years, 
and  he  is  connected  with  the  historv  and  growth 
of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  State.  For  a, 
br.ef  period  .Mr.  Chapin  served  the  Amei-ieaii  Bap- 
t'st  I'nblicatioii  Society  as  agent,  and  the  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary  at  Chicago.  The  results  of 
his  ministry  can  be  seen  all  over  the  State  in  the 
churches  he  gathered,  the  meeting-houses  he  built, 
and  the  hundreds  >if  converts  to  whom  he  adminis 
tered  the  ordinance  of  baptism.  Mr.  Chapin  is 
known  as  a  humble  and  devoted  minister  of 
Christ,  a  plain  and  scriptural  preacher  of  the  iros- 
pel.  These  qualities,  combined  with  his  fervent 
pietvand  sterling  common  sense,  have  made  him 
an  efficient  and  able  missionary  pioneer. 

Chapin,  Stephen,  D.D.,  son  of  Stephen  and 
Rachel  Chapin.  was  born  in  Milford,  .Mass..  Nov. 
4,  I77S.  In  JT'.'X  he  began  to  prepare  for  college, 
under  the  instruction  of  the  Jtev.  Caleb  Alexander, 
of  Meriden.  and  made  such  rapid  progress  that  he 
entered  Cambridge  University,  -Mass.,  in  -Inly.  IT'.'1.', 
graduating  in  1X04.  I  le  studied  theology  with  the 
Rev.  Nathaniel  Emmons,  Franklin,  .Mass.,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  Oct.  10.  1S04.  lie  was  ordained 
in  Hillsborough,  N.  II..  in  .lime.  1X05,  but  severed 
his  connection  with  the  church  there  in  1SOS  on 
account  of  difficulties  respecting  the  so-called 
"Half-way  Covenant."  and  in  November,  ISO',), 
was  installed  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Mount 
Vcrnon,  N.  II.  It  is  a  fact  worthy  of  mention 
that  Dr.  Chapin  was  present  as  a  deeply-interested 
friend  at  the  sailing  of  the  first  American  mission 
aries  from  Boston  in  1811.  In  ISIS  he  was  dis 
missed  from  his  connection  with  the  church  on 
account  of  his  change  of  views  on  the  mode  and 
subjects  of  baptism,  having  been  until  that  time  a 
Congregational  Pedohaptist.  In  1S19  he  was  or 
dained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  North  Yar 
mouth.  .Me.  In  1X22  he  left  this  field  of  labor  to 
accept  the  professorship  of  Theology  in  AVaterville 
College,  Me.  ;  was  inaugurated  in  August.  1X23, 
and  held  the  same  until  September,  1828,  when  he 
was  called  to  the  presidency  of  the  Columbian  Col 
lege,  Washington.  D.  C.  This  position  he  resigned 


in  1X41  in  consequence  of  declining  health,  and  died 

Oct.   1.   Ix4f),  in  the  sixty-seventh  year  of  his  age. 

I  >r.  Chapin  was  an  intelligent  and  interested  par 
ticipant  in  all  the  denominational  movements  of 
his  day.  \\hen  tin1  Triennial  Baptist  Convention 
was  threatened  with  disruption,  in  consequence  of 
the  antagonistic  views  of  its  members  on  the  ques 
tion  of  slavery,  he  did  all  in  his  power  to  prevent 
the  division  which  soon  followed,  and  when  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  was  formed  he  was 
made  a  delegate.  alth<.u-h  he  did  not  attend  its 
sessions.  \\hen  l>r.  Chapin  entered  upon  the 
presidency  of  the  Columbian  College  a  crushing 
debt  of  upwards  of  $100.000  was  hanging  over  it 
and  crippling  its  energies.  He  sacrificed  his  ease 
and  his  health  to  remove  this  debt,  and  by  frequent 
visits  to  the  South  to  collect  funds,  and  bv  the  con 
tribution  of  three  vears  of  his  own  salary,  he  finally 
succeeded  in  the  onerous  effort.  Dr.  Chapin  had  a 
verv  wide  circle  of  most  intimate  friends.  He  was 
personallv  intimate  with  most  of  the  great  states 
men  of  his  dav,  many  of  whom,  like  Jackson,  Clay, 
Calhoun.  Webster,  Woodbury,  Mdhillie.  Preston, 
Van  Buven.  Choate,  Marshall,  'fancy.  McLean, 
Mangum.  were  often  seen  at  his  hospitable  board, 
and  manv  of  whose  sons  were  under  his  personal 
instruction  in  the  college.  In  the  ministry  his 
compeer.-  and  friends  were  Sharp.  \\  ayland.  Chap 
lin,  Stow.  Rice,  Judson.  Mercer.  Brantly,  I'ai:i:\ 
Semplc.  Broaddus.  Ryhind.  Brown,  and  host-  of 
others,  whom  he  frequently  met  at  his  own  fire 
side,  llis  whole  life  was  marked  by  those  traits  of 
character  which  inevitablv  win  the  warm  regard 
arid  most  tender  love  of  men.  But  little  of  l>r. 
Chapin's  literary  labors  are  left  us  except  a  few 
sermons  and  tracts  and  essays,  but  they  show  us 
the  superior  culture  of  his  mind.  Among  them 
are  "  Letters  on  the  Modi;  and  Subjects  of  Bap 
tism,''  a  valuable  discussion  of  the  question  ,  "  The 
Messiah's  Victory."  a  discourse  at  the  ordination 
of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Cook.  Kflingham.  X.  II.:  on 
the  "Conversion  of  Mariners,"  "The  Duty  of 
Living  for  the  (iood  of  Posterity."  a  discourse  de 
livered  in  commemoration  of  the  second  centennial 
of  the  Inndint:  of  the  forefathers  of  New  England; 
'•The  Superior  Glory  of  Gospel  Worship."  "Moral 
Education,"  "The  Proclamation  of  Christ  Crucified 
the  Delight  of  God."  "An  Inaugural  Address.'' 
delivered  as  president  of  the  Columbian  College; 
"  The  Spirit  of  the  Age,"  "  The  Design  of  God  in 
Afflicting  Ministers  of  the  Gospel."  "On  the  Death 
of  Luther  Rice,"  and  an  interesting  letter  to  Presi 
dent  Van  Buren  "On  the  Proper  Disposition  of 
the  Smithsonian  Bequest." 

Chaplains  in  the  IT.  S.  Navy.— The  corps  of 

chaplains  in  the  U.  S.  navy  is  limited  by  law  to 
twenty-four.  Any  clergyman  of  unexceptionable 
character  is  eligible  to  the  position,  provided  his 


CHAPLIN 


203 


CHA  1>LIN 


age  does  not  exceed  thirty-five  years,  and  his  piety, 
culture,  and  general  fitness  commend  him  to  the 
President  of  the  United  States  as  one  suitably 
qualified  for  the  position,  and  to  the  Senate,  by 
whose  action  the  choice  of  the  President  is  con 
firmed.  Chaplains  are  designated  as  "  staff-officers," 
the  same  as  those  of  the  medical  and  engineer 
corps,  in  distinction  from  "  officers  of  the  line," 
and  rank  according  to  seniority  of  service  as  cap 
tains,  commanders,  lieutenant-commanders,  and 
lieutenants.  In  pursuance  of  the  la\v  governing 
the  retirement  of  commissioned  officers,  they  are 
retired  from  active  service  on  reaching  the  age  of 
sixty-two  years,  or  from  disability  contracted  in 
the  service.  Their  duties  are  various,  in  connection 
with  navy-yards,  hospitals,  receiving-  and  training- 
ships,  and  the  llag-ships  of  the  several  squadrons. 
The  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis  and  the  Xaval 
Asvlum  at  Philadelphia  furnish  important  fields 
for  the  work  of  the  chaplain.  The  recent  intro 
duction  of"  school- or  training-ships"  as  an  organ 
ized  system  for  training  boys  in  order  to  constantly 
recruit  the  naval  service  with  competent  and  intel 
ligent  seamen,  likewise  offers  a  sphere  of  peculiar 
usefulness  to  chaplains.  In  addition  to  his  func 
tions  as  a  preacher,  where  men  or  boys  are  in  need 
0f  instruction  he  is  to  select  competent  teachers  for 
this  purpose,  and  he  is  held  responsible  fur  the 
faithful  discharge  of  their  duties.  There  are  at 
present  five  Baptist  chaplains  in  the  navy. 

Chaplin,  Charles  Crawford,  D.D.,  son  of  Hon. 

"NV.  11.  Chaplin,  was  born  in  Danville,  Va.,  Sept.  22, 
1831.  He  is  the  descendant  of  an  old  English 
family,  one  of  whom  emigrated  from  England  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  last  century.  He  is  related 
to  the  Chaplins  of  New  England,  many  of  whom 
are  Baptist  preachers.  He  was  educated  at  Rich 
mond  College,  Va..  the  honors  of  which  he  was 
prevented  from  taking  because  of  ill  health;  was 
converted  in  1853  :  entered  college  in  18f)4  :  retired 
from  college  in  the  spring  of  1850,  and  was  or 
dained  in  Sandy  Creek  meeting-house,  Va.,  Decem 
ber,  1856;  took  charge  of  the  Danville  church  im 
mediately  after  his  ordination,  and  retained  it 
until  -June,  187U:  took  charge  of  Owcnsborough 
church,  Ky.,  in  1870;  resigned  and  became  pastor, 
April.  1873,  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Paducah, 
Ky.,  of  which  he  was  pastor  till  Jan.  1,  1877,  when 
he  settled  with  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Austin, 
Texas  ;  has  held  meetings,  during  which  between 
4000  and  5000  have  been  converted,  2500  of  whom 
have  joined  Baptist  churches.  He  has  written 
ably  for  denominational  periodicals.  He  has  fre 
quently  presided  over  deliberative  bodies  of  which 
he  was  a  member,  discharging  his  duties  with  skill 
and  ability.  The  honorary  degree  of  I). I),  was 
conferred  on  him  in  1878  by  Baylor  and  Waco 
Universities.  As  a  preacher,  he  ranks  among  the 


foremost  for  point,  impressiveness,  and  forcible  de 
livery.  He  has  written  some  poetry,  which  has 
been  well  received  both  by  the  secular  and  religious 
press.  He  was  present  on  the  field  during  seven 
pitched  battles  in  the  war  between  the  States,  and 
ministered  to  many  wounded  and  dying  Federal 
and  Confederate  soldiers.  During  his  pastorate  ;;t 


CIIAKI.KS    CRAWFORD    CIIAIM.IN.    D.O. 

Danville  lie  was  instrumental  in  building  a  par 
sonage,  a  meeting-house,  and  a  college  edifice  :  at 
Owensborough,  a  parsonage  :  at  Paducah.  in  re 
modeling  the  church  edifice  ;  and  at  Austin  is 
likely  soon  to  see  the  church  edifice  remodeled 
and  a  parsonage  built.  The  present  governor  and 
family  (1878),  and  many  other  prominent  people 
at  the  capital  of  Texas,  are  regular  attendants  upon 
his  ministry. 

Chaplin,  Jeremiah,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Rowley. 
Mass.,  Jan.  2,  1770.  The  name  of  his  birthplace 
has  been  changed  to  Georgetown.  \Vhen  but  ten 
years  of  aire  he  became  a  Christian,  and  was  re 
ceived  by  baptism  into  the  church.  Like  so  many 
eminent  men  in  the  denomination,  he  spent  his 
youth  upon  his  father's  farm,  strengthening  his 
physical  system  by  forming  habits  of  inestimable 
value  for  after-life.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  en 
tered  Brown  University,  and  was  graduated  as  the 
first  scholar  in  his  class  in  17'M).  For  one  year  he 
was  tutor  in  tin;  university,  and  then  pursued  his 
theological  studies  under  Rev.  Dr.  Baldwin,  of 
Boston.  In  the  summer  of  1802  he  became  the 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Danvers,  Mass. 
Besides  performing  with  strict  fidelity  his  work  as 
a  minister,  he  gave  instruction  to  young  men  look- 


<1 11  AT  LIN 


204 


ClfAI'IAN 


ing  forward  to  the   Christian    ministry.      His   min 
istry  in  Danvors  continued  lor  fourteen  years. 

The  reputation  of  l>r.  Chaplin  as  a  profound 
theologian  and  a  devout  Christian  grew  every  year 
of  his  pastorate,  and  when,  in  1S07.  it  \vas  proposed 
to  open  in  Watorvillo,  Me..  :i  sehool  for  theological 
instruction  with  a  view  to  meet  the  wants  ot  the 
rUim:  mini-try  in  the  district  of  Maine,  the  atten 
tion  of  tin'  friends  of  the  enterprise'  was  turned  to 
the  Danvers  pastor  as  a  most  suitable  person  to 
take  charge  of  the  institution.  Three  years'  exper 
iment  led  the  trustees  to  decide  to  enlarge  the 
sphere  of  its  operations,  and  in  1S20  a  charter  was 
secured,  and  Waterville  College,  now  Colby  Uni 
versity,  commenced  its  existence,  with  Dr.  Chaplin 
as  its  first  president,  which  relation  IK*  sustained 
for  thirteen  years.  It  was  a  period  of  great  toil 
and  self-sacrifice,  and  a  man  of  loss  heroic  couran'e 
and  persistency  would  have  sunk  under  the  heavy 
burdens  which  he  bore  through  all  these  arduous 
years.  The  college  was  his  idol,  if  he  had  any, 
and  with  unceasing  effort  he  labored  for  its  welfare. 
••  Under  his  Aviso  and  eflicicnt  administration  of  its 
affairs,"  says  Prof.  Conant,  "  the  college  was  pro 
vided  Avith  the  necessary  buildings,  library,  philo 
sophical  and  chemical  apparatus,  and  the  founda 
tion  laid  of  permanent  prosperity  in  the  confidence 
and  attachment  of  its  numerous  friends." 

!>r.  Chaplin  resigned  the  presidency  of  the  col 
lege  in  1833.  Freed  now  from  the  weighty  cares 
and  responsibilities  which  had  pressed  so  heavily 
upon  him  for  thirteen  years,  he  entered  once  more 
upon  the  work  ho  so  much  loved,  that  of  preacher 
and  pastor  of  a  church  of  Christ.  This  service  he 
performed  in  Rowley,  Mass.,  and  at  Willingtou. 
Conn.,  for  several  years,  lie  died  at  Hamilton, 
X.  V..  May  7.  1841. 

No  one  could  be  brought  in  contact  with  Dr. 
Chaplin  without  feeling  that  he  was  worthy  of  the 
universal  respect  Avhich  he  inspired  as  a  scholar, 
and  especially  as  a,  profound  theologian.  The  lion. 
•James  Brooks,  AV!IO  was  a  student  under  him,  says 
of  him, — 

"  His  discourses  Avere  as  clear,  as  cogent,  as 
irresistibly  convincing  as  problems  in  Kuelid.  He 
indulged  in  little  or  no  ornament,  but  pursued  one 
train  of  thought  without  deviation  to  the  end.  1 
attribute  to  him  more  than  to  any  one  else  the 
fixture  in  my  own  mind  of  religious  truths  Avhich 
no  subsequent  reading  has  ever  been  able  to  shako, 
and  which  have  principally  influenced  my  pen  in 
treating  of  all  political,  legal,  or  moral  subjects, 
the  basis  of  which  Avas  in  the  principles  of  the 
Bible."  This  is  high  praise  from  the  accomplished 
editor  of  the  New  York  Evening  Express. 

In  an  appreciative  notice  of  his  venerated  teacher, 
Dr.  Lamson  thus  speaks  of  him  as  a  preacher: 
''  There  were  none  of  the  graces  of  oratory  about 


him.      Nature  had  not  formed  him  to  exhibit  them, 
and  he  was  far  enough  from  aiming  to  do  it.     The 

tones  of  his  voice  wen;  so  peculiar  that  tin;  ear 
that  once  heard  them  would  rocogni/e  them  if 
hoard  the  next  time  years  afterwards  and  in  the 
most  distant  land.  His  gestures  were  lew  and  by 
no  means  varied.  And  yet,  though  it  has  been  my 
privilege  to  listen  to  some  of  the  most  able  and 
some  of  the  most  popular  preachers  in  my  own  de 
nomination  and  in  others,  I  have  seldom  heard  the 
man  who  could  more  closely  confine  my  attention. 
1  never  hoard  a  sermon  from  him  Avhich  did  not 
interest  me.  There  was  the  greatest  evidence  of 
sincerity :  the  skeptics  could  not  for  a  moment 
doubt  that  he  was  uttering  the  honest  convictions 
of  his  own  heart.  There  was  nothing  like  dullness 
in  his  pulpit  services.  Though  his  voice  was  so 
little  varied  as  to  be  monotonous,  and  the  gestures 
Avere  so  few  and  so  much  alike,  yet  there  was 
somehow  imparted  to  the  Avhole  service  an  air  of 
animation.  The  style  was  chaste,  simple,  suited  to 
the  subject,  and  remarkable,  I  should  think,  for  its 
purity.  His  discourses  were  often  enlivened  by 
striking  illustrations  drawn  most  frequently  from 
the  commonest  relations  of  life,  and  yet  so  pre 
sented  as  to  fully  sustain  the  dignity  of  the  place 
and  the  subject.  It  is  striking  as  showing  tli* 
importance  of  this  power  of  illustration  in  the 
preacher,  that  now,  at  this  distance  of  time,  I  can 
recall  some  illustrations  used  by  him.  while  every 
other  portion  of  the  sermons  of  which  they  are  a 
part,  is  irrevocably  lost." 
Chaplin,  Jeremiah,  Jr.,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Danvers,  Mass.,  March  '22,  1813.  and  was  a  gradu 
ate  of  Waterville  College  in  the  class  of  1S33.  He 
was  settled  in  Bangor,  Me.,  as  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church,  his  service  there  commencing  in 
December.  1841.  His  subsequent  settlements  were 
in  Norwalk.  Conn.,  and  Dedham  and  Newton.  Mass. 
For  quite  a  number  of  years  he  has  devoted  him 
self  to  authorship,  and  has  written  "  Memorial 
Hour,''  "Life  of  President  Punster/'  "Life  of 
Charles  Sumnor."  "  Life  of  Benjamin  Franklin." 
lie  has  also  compiled  "  Riches  of  Bunyan,"  and  has 
!  now  in  preparation  a  '•  Life  of  Galen."  He  has 
also  written  for  the  Christian  Rcriew  and  Baptist 
Qtnirfrrli/.  and  for  the  leading  Baptist  papers  of  the 
North. 

Dr.  Chaplin  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  from  Colby  University,  of  Avhich  he  Avas 
a  trustee  from  1843  to  1849.  in  1857.  His  present 
residence  is  in  Boston. 

Chaplin,  John  O'Brien,  Avas  born  in  Danvers, 
Mass.,  March  31,  1807.  He  Avas  the  eldest  son  of 
President  Chaplin.  He  pursued  his  preparatory 
studies  under  the  direction  of  students  of  Water 
ville  College,  Avhere  he  graduated  in  1825.  He  had 
charge  of  the  Latin  Preparatory  School  connected 


CHARLTOX 


CHASE 


with  the  college  not  far  from  two  years,  when  he 
was  chosen  tutor,  and  subsequently  Professor  of 
the  Latin  and  English  Languages  and  Literature, 
which  oflice  he  held  for  one  year.  Upon  the 
resignation  of  his  father  as  president  of  the  college, 
Prof.  Chaplin  also  left  Waterville,  and  accepted  an 
appointment  as  Professor  of  Greek  and  Latin  in 
Columbian  College,  D.  C.  His  connection  with  the 
college  continued  for  ten  years,  from  1833  to  J843. 
when  ill  health  compelled  him  to  resign.  For 
several  years  he  continued  his  residence  in  Wash 
ington,  giving  occasional  instruction,  as  his  strength 
permitted,  in  the  college,  with  which  he  had  been 
connected  so  many  years,  lie  came  North  about 
1850,  and  made  his  home  with  his  brother,  llev. 
A.  J.  Chaplin,  and  his  brothers-in-law.  Drs.  1?.  F. 
Bronson  and  T.  J.  Conant.  lie  was  an  invalid  for 
several  years,  and  was  incapable  of  assuming  much 
responsibility  or  performing  much  labor.  Prof. 
Chaplin  was  a  ripe,  accomplished  scholar.  We  are 
told  that  ''  a  memory  remarkably  retentive  to  the 
last"  made  him  ready  master  of  his  rich  and  varied 
learning.  He  is  said  to  have  been  a  most  able 
and  skillful  critic  of  style;  and  his  friends  have 
deeply  regretted  that  he  did  not  leave  to  the  world, 
as  an  essayist,  some  fruits  of  his  remarkable  knowl 
edge  and  critical  acumen,  lint,  diffident  in  temper 
ament,  fastidious  in  taste,  possessed  by  lofty  ideals, 
abstracted  in  mind  and  enfeebled  in  body,  his  class 
room  instructions,  his  conversation,  and  private 
letters  gave  only  to  his  personal  friends  and  pupils 
evidence  of  his  real  intellectual  capacity  and  power. 
And  a  life  blameless,  devout,  and  tenderly  religious 
was  clouded  by  a  mental  gloom  which  he  inherited 
from  his  distinguished  father,  arid  which  was 
greatly  aggravated  by  disease.  Prof.  Chaplin  died 
at  Conway,  Mass.,  Dec.  '2'2.  1872. 

Charltoil,  Rev.  Frederick,  was  born  in  Con 
necticut  in  1S22  ;  converted  at  the  age  of  sixteen. 
and  baptized  at  eighteen  ;  he  consecrated  himself 
to  the  ministry  ;  graduated  at  Madison  University  ; 
was  pastor  three  years  at  Webster,  Mass.,  five  years 
at  Wilmington,  Del.,  and  then  entered  the  service 
of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society,  in 
which  he  continued  two  years.  In  1800  he  re 
moved  to  Sacramento,  Cal.,  and  was  pastor  of  the 
church  in  that  city  until  the  time  of  his  death,  Aug. 
9,  1871.  He  was  a  man  of  stern  principle,  cour 
teous,  generous,  scholarly,  and  eloquent.  His  ser 
mons  were  always  thoroughly  studied,  and  de 
livered  without  notes.  His  pastorates  were  all 
blessed  with  large  revivals  ;  and  in  his  pastoral 
work  he  reaped  the  fruit  by  educating  the  converts 
to  active  church  work.  The  church  at  Sacramento 
was  one  of  the  largest  and  most  influential  in  Cali 
fornia. 

Chase,  Irah,  L.D.,  was  born  in  Stratton,  Vt., 
Oct.  5,  1793.  His  early  years  were  spent  on  his 


father's  farm,  but  he  had  no  tastes  for  agricultural 
pursuits,  and  was.  indeed,  entirely  unfitted  for 
them,  on  account  of  the  delicacy  of  his  health. 
His  love  for  learning  early  developed  itself,  and  led 
to  his  preparation  to  enter  upon  a  liberal  course  of 
study.  In  1811  he  became  a  member  of  the  Soph 
omore  class  in  Middlebury  College.  Yt.  Amonji 
his  classmates  were  the  well-known  missionaries 
of  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  For 
eign  Missions.  Pliny  Fisk  and  Levi  Parsons,  and 
the  scholarly  translator  of  Ilengstenberg's  '•  Cliris- 
tology."  During  his  Junior  year  he  gave  his  heart 
to  Christ,  and  henceforth  devoted  himself  to  the 
advancement  of  his  kingdom.  Soon  after  leaving 
college  he  went  to  Andover.  there  being  no  theo 
logical  seminary  among  the  Baptists  in  which  to 
pursue  his  studies.  lie  was  the  only  representative 
of  his  denomination  in  the  institution,  but  he  was 
always  treated  courteously.  "  My  experience,"  he 
says.  "  was  an  exemplification  of  the  possibility  of 
much  Christian  communion,  without  communion 
in  baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper." 


IKAII     CHASE.    ]>.!>. 

Having  been  ordained  as  an  evangelist,  he  de 
voted  some  time  to  missionary  work  in  Western 
Virginia.  While  thus  occupied  lie  was  solicited  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Staughton  to  unite  with  him  in  open 
ing  a  theological  school  in  Philadelphia.  When  a 
transfer  of  this  school  was  made  to  Washington, 
he  went  with  it,  and  was  connected  with  it  for  seven 
years.  At  the  end  of  this  period  there  seemed  to 
be  a  call  in  Providence  for  him  to  remove  to  some 
other  locality,  and  the  cloud  which,  as  he  thought, 
led  his  footsteps,  at  last  rested  over  Newton.  Here 


CIIAHK 


he  began  his  work  N'ov.  2S,  IS'Jf).  It  was  "the 
day  of  small  things."  and  the  foundations  of  what 
has  come  to  lie  so  nolile  and  so  useful  an  institution  I 
were  laid  with  many  prayers,  and  a  faith  which  ; 
was  ;'  the  substance  of  tilings  hoped  for,  the  evi 
dence  of  things  not  seen."  In  those  early  days, 
however,  there  were  a  few  friends,  like  Xathaniel  ' 
II.  Cobb and  Levi  Farwrll.  who  pledged  themselves, 
out  of  love  to  Christ  and  his  cause,  to  stand  by  its 
fortunes  so  long  as  it  was  in  their  power  to  help 
forward  its  interests.  The  strong,  long-cherished 
desire  of  Prof.  Chase  was  to  be  a  teacher  of  strictly 
Biblical  theology. — to  pursue  a  strictly  Baconian 
method  of  ascertaining  exactly  what  the  Holy  Scrip 
tures  teach,  and  from  the  knowledge  thus  obtained 
to  construct  his  system  of  theology.  Twenty  years 
of  iiis  life  were  spent  at  Xewtou.  How  he  toiled,  i 
what  sacrifices  he  made,  with  what  enthusiasm  he  • 
engaged  in  his  work  -.  how  careful  and  painstaking 
he  was  in  learning  the  precise  meaning  of  the 
Scriptures  bv  the  diligent  study  of  the  languages 
in  which  they  were  written  ;  how  he  encouraged 
desponding  students,  and  by  his  cheering  words 
poured  new  life  into  many  a  depressed  spirit  ;  how 
his  prayers  and  his  benedictions  followed  the  young- 
men  as  they  went  forth  from  under  the  training  of 
his  careful  hand  to  become  the  teachers  of  religion 
and  the  guides  of  the  church. — these  are  things 
which  only  the  revelations  of  eternity  will  disclose. 
The  denomination  owes  to  him  a  debt  which  it  can 
never  pay.  lie  believed  in  a.  properly-educated 
ministry.  It  was  his  conviction  that  no  denomina 
tion  of  Christians  had  a  right  to  think  it  could  get 
a  strong  hold  on  any  intelligent  community  and 
retain  that  hold  until  it  had  in  its  ranks  cultivated 
men.  "  apt  to  teach,"  and  train  up  the  disciples 
of  Christ  in  knowledge  and  holy  living.  lie  did 
his  part  in  securing  for  the  Baptist  churches  such 
an  order  of  men,  and  if  we  should  mention  the 
names  of  some  of  those  who  came  under  his  in 
structions  wo  should  find  them  among  the  bright 
lights  of  the  denomination. 

On  ending  his  relation  with  the  Newton  Theo 
logical  Institution.  Prof.  Chase  removed  to  Boston, 
and  became  a  member  of  Dr.  Sharp's  church.  It 
was  here  that  the  writer  of  this  sketch  was  brought 
into  intimate  relations  with  him  as  his  pastor. 
Often  did  he  speak  the  word  of  encouragement  to 
him  when  weighed  down  bv  the  cares  and  burdens 
of  a  city  minister's  life. 

Prof.  Chase,  by  personal  observation,  made  him 
self  acquainted  with  the  gifted  men  in  the  Old 
World  whose  lines  of  thought  and  study  were  in 
the  direction  of  his  own.  He  spent  several  months 
of  the  year  1823  at  Halle  and  Leipsic.  He  also 
heard  the  lectures  of  distinguished  professors  at 
Gb'ttingen.  Tie  studied  out  the  history  and  the 
church  polity  of  the  Mennonites.  bv  going  directly 


to  the  sources  of  knowledge  respecting  that  inter 
esting  class  of  Christians,  and  subsequently  gave 
the  results  of  his  investigations  in  a  published 
article  on  that  subject.  Whether  working  at  home 
or  abroad  in  his  favorite  profession,  he  spared  no 
pains  in  obtaining  information,  and  none  in  giving 
to  the  -world  fairly  and  truthfully  the  knowledge; 
he  had  obtained.  It  would  be  a  wonder  indeed  to 
find  him  making  a  loose  and  unreliable  statement 
of  any  doctrine,  or  opinion,  or  fact  which  he  had 
made  a  matter  of  special  investigation.  If  Prof. 
Chase  had  not  the  magnetic  power  of  Moses  Stuart, 
who  seemed  to  arouse  and  electrify  his  classes  as  if 
with  the  wand  of  a  magician,  and  when  thus  ex 
cited  would  quite  boldly  assert  as  truth  what  after 
wards  he  was  compelled  to  modify,  he  had  what,  as 
a  Biblical  teacher,  was  better  worth  possessing,  tin- 
will  to  investigate  patiently,  and  the  honesty  to 
state  exactly  what  he  had  discovered.  In  many 
respects  he  was  a  model  teacher  of  theology,  to  a 
class  of  inquiring  minds  who  were  desirous  of 
knowing  with  precision,  what  they  were  to  commu 
nicate  as  teachers  of  God's  Word  from  the  sacred 
desk. 

Prof.  Chase's  useful  life  closed  amid  the  scenes 
he  so  much  loved  at  Newton,  Nov.  1,  18l>4.  His 
remains  were  laid  away  in  the  beautiful  cemetery 
of  his  village  home. 

Chase,  E-CV.  Supply,  was  born  in  G  nil  ford.  Vt., 
Sept.  30.  1800.  Ills  parents  removed  soon  after  to 
Tully.  Onondaga  Co..  N.  Y.,  and  here  their  son 
grew  to  manhood,  eagerly  desiring  a  better  educa 
tion  than  seemed  within  his  reach,  but  studying  as 
best  he  could.  lie  taught  school  for  several  years, 
and  had  a  special  fondness  for  military  life.  At 
the  age  of  thirty-one  he  was  colonel  of  the  f>2d 
Regiment  of  New  York  State  troops.  lie  became  a 
disciple  of  Christ  in  1831.  and  was  baptized  .July  3. 
in  Tullv.  Immediately  after  joining  the  church 
he  was  summoned  by  its  great  Head  to  work  in 
the  gospel  ministry,  but  he  disregarded  the  call 
for  several  years.  lie  preached  for  the  first  time 
March  1.  1S35,  and  was  ordained  Nov.  10.  1S35. 
In  February  following  he  was  commissioned  by  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  to  preach 
in  Pontiac.  Mich.,  but  reaching  that  place  in  May 
he  found  another  man  engaged  as  pastor,  and  there 
fore  he  turned  to  Mount  Clemens,  lie  was  pastor 
successively  in  Mount  Clemens,  Mount  Pleasant, 
Washington,  Stony  Creek.  Borneo.  Northville.  and 
in  the  Second  church.  Detroit.  Between  the  two 
pastorates  last  named  he  served  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society  three  years,  and  en- 
i;a<:ed  in  work  as  an  evangelist  three  years.  Since 
reaching  the  age  of  seventy-three  years  he  has  not 
been  a  pastor,  but  has  been  supplying  destitute 
churches  and  laboring  in  protracted  meetings.  His 
residence  is  Detroit.  During  his  ministry  he  has 


CHKNEY 


enjoyed  many  seasons  of  revival.      lie  was  one  of 
the  original  members  of  the  Baptist  Convention  of 
the  State  of  Michigan. 
Chaudoin,  Rev.  W.  N. — William  Xowell  Chau- 

doin  is  of  French  descent  on  his  father's  side,  be 
ing  great-grandson  of  Francis  Chaudoin,  a  Hugue 
not,  who  brought  the  name  to  this  continent.  His 
father  and  grandfather,  and  some  of  his  more  re 
mote  relatives,  were  Baptist  ministers.  Mr.  Chau 
doin  was  born  in  Robertson  Co..  Term.,  Aug.  10, 
182(J ;  was  converted  in  his  sixteenth  year,  and 
baptized  by  Rev.  William  F.  Luck,  in  Davidson 
Co..  Tenn.  Two  vcars  alter  he  commenced  to 
preach,  and  was  ordained  bv  W.  S.  Baldry,  W.  J>. 
Baldwin,  and  William  Brumberlow.  in  Davidson 


RF.V.  \v.  x.  rn  \rnoiN. 

County.  While  laboring  in  Xasbville.  Tenn.,  he 
contracted  a  cough  that  has  baffled  all  efforts  to 
cure.  This  led  to  his  removal  to  the  State  of 
Georgia,  in  1X57,  and  also  to  his  leaving  the  pasto 
rate,  in  iSli'l.  and  entering  as  missionary  agent,  the 
service  of  the  Home  Mission  Board,  then  called  the 
Domestic  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention.  In  that  capacity  he  has  labored  partly 
in  Florida  each  year  since  1872.  and  now  his  labors 
are  nearly  all  in  that  State,  as  a  missionary  and 
as  editor  of  the  Florida  department  of  the  Christian 
Index,  of  Georgia. 

Cheever,  Daniel. — Sept.  1.  18f>8,  Daniel  Cheever 
died  at  Delavan,  111.,  in  the  eighty-ninth  year  of 
his  age.  lie  was  born  at  Wrcntham,  Mass.,  Dec. 
20,  1769.  Though  educated  a  Congregationalist, 
he  was  led,  upon  bis  conversion  at  the  age  of  nine 
teen,  by  personal  study  of  the  Scriptures  to  adopt 


Baptist  views,  and  presenting  himself  to  the  North 
Attleborough  Baptist  church,  he  was  received  and 
baptized.  He  removed  to  Illinois  in  lS."i7.  uniting 
with  the  Delavan  Baptist  church  in  Ta/.ewell 
County,  of  which  he  remained  a  member  until 
his  death.  For  sixty-nine  years  he  had  walked 
with  God  as  a  faithful  member  of  a  Christian 
church. 

Cheney,  David  Batchelder,  D.D.— Since  en 
tering  fully  upon  the  active  duties  of  the  ministry 
in  1S48.  a  period  of  thirty-seven  years.  Dr.  Cheney 
has  had  a  career  of  signal  activity  and  usefulness. 
We  regret  that,  as  in  other  cases,  onlv  a  brief  out 
line  of  it  can  be  n'iven  here.  He  was  born  in 
Southbridge,  Mass.,  June  S,  1820,  and  spent  his 
childhood  and  early  youth  upon  his  father's  farm. 
lie  was  baptized  May  20.  183G.  by  the  late  Dr- 
J.  G.  Binney,  to  whom  also  in  his  earlier  Chris 
tian  life  he  was  greatly  indebted.  Simultaneously 
with  his  conversion  came  the  conviction  that  he 
must  preach  the  gospel,  and  with  this  view  he  began 
a  course  of  study,  in  prosecuting  which  he  was 
dependent  entirely  upon  such  resources  as  he  could 
command  by  efforts  of  his  own.  Under  the  strain 
his  health  began  to  suffer.  After  six  years  spent 
in  the  Worcester  and  Shelburne  Falls  Academies, 
and  in  Amherst  College,  he  decided  to  prosecute; 
what  remained  of  needful  study  in  connection  with 
his  ministerial  work.  He  began  preaching  when 
onlv  nineteen  or  twenty  years  of  age,  but  was  or 
dained  at  the  age  of  about  twenty-three,  October, 
184.'5,  at  Mansfield,  Conn.  His  mind  was  already 
turned  towards  the  West,  so  that  he  hardly  con 
sidered  himself  a  pastor  at  Mansfield,  though  he 
spent  two  fruitful  years  with  that  people:  the 
house  of  worship  was  rebuilt,  the  congregation 
greatly  increased,  while  the  benevolent  contribu 
tions  of  the  church  were  enlarged  some  twenty- 
fold.  Near  the  close  of  the  second  year  he  was 
called  to  two  open  fields,  but  as  bis  thoughts  were 
still  towards  the  West  he  hesitated  to  accept  either. 
At  length  he  decided  for  Greenville,  a  part  of  Nor 
wich,  Conn.,  where  a  church  was  to  be  organized 
and  a  house  of  worship  built.  A  church  was  ac 
cordingly  soon  formed,  with  100  members,  and  the 
new  house  built.  A  precious  revival  began  before 
the  house  was  complete,  and  upon  the  dedication 
of  the  new  sanctuary  the  congregation  so  increased 
that  very  soon  the  house  was  filled  from  pulpit  to 
door.  Between  30  and  40  were  baptized  as  the 
fruit  of  the  revival. 

The  interest  in  Western  work,  however,  remained 
unabated,  and  correspondence  with  the  b^ard  in 
New  York,  and  a  visit  to  Columbus,  ().,  resulting 
in  a  call  from  the  church  in  the  last-named  city, 
with  aid  towards  his  support  from  the  Home  Mis 
sion  treasury,  he  removed  to  Columbus  in  April, 
1847.  The  pastorate  here  was  a  remarkable  one. 


CHKXKY 


CHICAGO 


The  church  as  lie  found  it  numbered  some  200 
members,  but  was  poor  and  heavily  in  debt.  At 
the  end  of  five  and  a  half  years  the  church  had 
become  one  of  the  largest  and  most  efficient  in  the 
State,  its  available  financial  strength  having  in 
creased  fifteen-fold.  Three  years  of  the  period 
named  were  cholera  years.  Mr.  Cheney  remained 
at  his  post  while,  especially  in  the  first  of  the  three 
years,  every  other  Protestant  pastor  left  the  city. 
His  labors  among  the  sick  and  the  dying  and  in 
attendance  upon  funerals  were  constant.  The  first 
year  was  passed  by  himself  and  family  in  safety, 
but  in  the  second  his  wife  died  of  the  terrible  dis 
ease,  and  himself  and  two  children  were  attacked 
and  barely  escaped  with  life.  The  result  was 
broken  health,  and  the  assurance  on  the  part  of  his 
physicians  that  a  change  of  residence  had  become 
imperative.  A  second  attack  of  cholera  left  no 
alternative,  and  accepting  one  of  the  various  calls 
which  lie  had  before  him,  he  removed  to  Philadel 
phia  and  became  pastor  of  the  Eleventh  Baptist 
church  in  that  city,  entering  upon  his  duties  there 
Nov.  15,  1852.  Here  he  remained  until  1859. 
Three  of  the  seven  years  were  blessed  by  an  almost 
constant  revival  of  religion.  While  here,  also,  the 
marked  executive  ability  which  he  was  known  to 
possess  led  to  the  offer  successively  of  the  secretary 
ship  of  the  Missionary  Union,  the  American  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society,  the  Home  Mission  Society, 
and  the  Publication  Society.  The  last  was  offered 
him  in  the  year  1856,  the  post  having  fallen  vacant 
in  the  middle  of  the  year;  he  served  for  the  latter 
half  of  the  year,  writing  the  Annual  Report,  but, 
declining  further  service,  surrendered  the  place  to 
the  present  able  secretary,  whom  he  had  the  pleas 
ure  of  introducing  to  the  office  he  has  filled  so 
long  and  so  successfully.  While  in  Philadelphia, 
also,  he  took  a  leading  part  in  the  work  of  minis 
terial  education,  being  made  secretary  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  Education  Society  soon  after  his  resi 
dence  in  the  State  began,  and  continuing  in  that 
office  till  his  removal  to  San  Francisco,  in  July, 
1S59. 

In  San  Francisco  Mr.  Cheney  remained  eight 
years.  He  then  returned  East,  accepting  the  pas 
torate  of  the  Central  Square  church  in  Boston. 
His  pastorate  here  had  a  duration  of  three  years 
and  a  half,  lie  found  a  church  of  267  members, 
and  left  it  with  one  of  484,  233  of  the  additions 
having  been  by  baptism.  The  house  of  worship, 
which  had  been  destroyed  by  fire,  was  also  in  the 
mean  time  rebuilt.  During  the  last  two  years  of 
his  stay  in  Boston  Mr.  Cheney  served  on  the  Ex 
ecutive  Committee  of  the  Missionary  Union.  In 
April,  1874,  he  removed  to  Chicago,  as  pastor  of  the 
Fourth  church,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Ashland 
Avenue  and  Union  Park  churches.  This  union, 
consummated  as  the  result  of  his  coming,  restored 


strength  where  there  had  been  feebleness,  and  in 
augurated  a  pastorate  of  great  value  not  only  to 
the  church  but  to  the  denomination.  After  some 
four  years  of  service  here  he  accepted  the  call  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Elgin.  111.,  where  he  is 
still  the  useful  and  valued  pastor. 

Mr.  Cheney  has  served  upon  boards  of  trustees. 
missionary  and  educational,  during  many  years. 
While  in  Ohio  he  was  one  of  the  trustees  of  Gran- 
ville  University;  in  California,  of  the  State  Uni 
versity,  the  presidency  of  which  was  also  offered 
him.  In  Illinois,  almost  from  the  time  of  his  ar-' 
rival  in  the  State,  he  has  been  called  to  similar 
service  on  the  boards  of  the  theological  seminary 
and  the  university  at  Chicago.  The  boards  of 
home  and  foreign  missions,  and  others,  have  also 
had  his  service.  In  these  positions  he  never  fails 
to  take  a  leading  part,  and  to  command  for  his 
opinions  and  measures  the  confidence  of  his  asso 
ciates. 

Chessman,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  born  in  Boston, 
July  If),  1787.  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Dr.  Bald 
win,  Oct.  30,  1803.  Believing  himself  called  of 
God  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  entered  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  1807  to  prepare  himself  for  his  future 
work.  While  pursuing  his  studies  he  was  not  idle 
in  his  Master's  cause.  In  connection  with  two  or 
three  other  students  he  laid  the  foundations  of  what. 
until  recently,  was  the  Third  Baptist  church  in 
Providence,  now  a  constituent  part  of  the  Union 
church.  lie  graduated  in  181  1.  For  a  short  time 
he  was  inclined  to  study  law,  but  prayerful  con 
sideration  brought  him  to  the  conclusion  that  in 
the  ministry  he  could  best  glorify  God  and  benefit 
the  souls  of  his  fellow-men.  lie  was  licensed  by 
his  church  July  5,  1812,  and  not  long  after  was 
ordained  and  settled  as  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Warren.  R.  1.,  where  he  remained  two  years,  and 
then  accepted  a  call  to  llallowell.  Me.  Here  he 
was  pastor  for  nine  years.  From  llallowell  he 
went  to  Lynn,  Mass.,  where  he  spent  four  years, 
and  then  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Barn- 
stable.  Mass.,  where  he  died  May  21.  1839. 

Mr.  Chessman  was  a  much  more;  than  ordinary 
preacher.  Easy  and  graceful  in  his  manner,  with 
a  ready  utterance,  and  sincere  interest  in  his  work, 
he  commanded  and  secured  the  love  and  respect 
of  the  churches  and  congregations  to  which  he 
ministered. 

Chicago,  Baptist  Churches  in.— Near  the  end 
of  May,  in  the  year  '1867.  at  the  annual  meeting 
for  that  year  of  the  Homo  Mission  Society  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  of  the  United  States,  held  in 
Chicago,  the  president  of  the  society,  Hon.  J.  M. 
Hoyt,  of  Cleveland,  in  his  opening  address,  said, 
"In  September,  1833,  the  Pottawattomies,  7000 
strong,  were  assembled  here  where  we  are  now 
convened.  Here  they  deliberated,  and  finally, 


CHICAGO 


CHICAGO 


through  the  agency  of  their  chiefs,  formally  ceded 
the  territory  of  Illinois  and  the  site  of  the  city  of 
Chicago  to  the  United  States  government.  Having 
done  this  they  passed  on  to  the  Mississippi.  Im 
mediately  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society  detailed  a  Freeman  (Rev.  Allen  B.  Free 
man)  to  stand  as  sentinel  at  this  post.'' 

The  attention  of  the  secretary  of  the  society, 
I)r.  Jonathan  Going,  had  been  called  to  this  point 
in  a  letter  to  Rev.  C.  G.  Sommers.  of  New  York, 
by  Dr.  John  T.  Temple,  then  a  resident  here,  and 
a  member  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  '•  We 
have  no  servant  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,"  writes 
Dr.  Temple,  "to  proclaim  the  glad  tidings  of  sal 
vation.  I  write  to  beg  you  will  see  Dr.  Going,  and 
ask  that  a  young  man  of  first-rate  talent,  whose 
whole  heart  is  in  the  cause  of  Christ,  may  be  sent 
out  immediately,  before  the  ground  shall  be  occu 
pied  by  some  other  organization.  I  will  myself 
become  responsible  for  §200  per  annum  for  such  a 
missionary."  This  passage  in  Dr.  Temple's  letter 
was  sent  by  Dr.  Going  to  Allen  B.  Freeman,  a 
young  man  who  was  then  just  finishing  his  studies 
at  what  is  now  Madison  University,  in  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.  Mr.  Freeman  was  the  son  of  Rev.  Rufus 
B.  Freeman,  an  esteemed  Baptist  minister  of  Cen 
tral  New  York,  described  to  l>r.  Temple  by  Dr. 
Going  as  u  a  talented,  pious,  and  efficient  man." 
Such  he  proved  himself  to  be  even  in  the  brief 
period  of  the  ministry  performed  by  him  as  a  mis 
sionary  of  the  society  at  Chicago.  He  arrived  at 
Chicago  in  August.  1*33,  finding  a  home  with  Dr. 
Temple,  and  entering  at  once  upon  earnest  and 
diligent  labor,  not  only  in  preaching,  but  "  from 
house  to  house."  Measures  were  almost  immedi 
ately  taken  for  the  erection  of  a  house  of  worship. 
"It  was."  says  Cyrus  Bentley,  Esq.,  in  his  "His-  ! 
tory  of  the  First  Baptist  Church,"  "an  humble 
edifice,  designed  both  as  a  place  of  religious  wor 
ship  and  as  a  school-house,  and  cost  when  com 
pleted  the  sum  of  StiOO,  Si 50  of  which  was  in 
arrears,  and  remained  as  a  debt  upon  the  prop 
erty." 

Ocr.  19,  1833.  a  church  of  15  members  was 
organized, — the  First  Baptist  church  of  Chicago 
and  the  first  Baptist  church  in  the  whole  north-  ; 
western  region  north  of  Peoria,  save  one,  the 
church  at  Plainfield  having  come  into  existence  a 
few  months  earlier. 

Mr.  Freeman  continued  in  service  only  one  year 
and  a  half.  In  December,  1834,  while  upon  one 
of  his  itinerating  tours,  having  administered  the 
rite  of  baptism  at  Bristol,  in  the  Fox  River,  as  he 
was  returning  homeward  his  horse  gave  out,  and 
much  of  the  journey  had  to  be  made  on  foot,  amidst 
inclement  weather  and  great  exposure.  The  con 
sequence  was  a  fever,  of  which  he  died  Dec.  15, 
1834.  His  last  words  were,  "  Tell  my  revered 


father  that  I  die   at  my   post  and   in   my  Master's 
[  work." 

These  were  the  beginnings  of  Baptist  history  in 
I  Chicago.  Subsequent  events  must  be  noticed  less 
in  detail.  Mr.  Freeman  was  succeeded,  in  1S35,  by 
Rev.  I.  T.  Hinton.  After  him  came  Ilev.  C.  F>. 
Smith,  in  1X42.  In  1843.  Rev.  E.  II.  llamlin  be 
came  pastor,  and  in  October.  1845,  Rev.  Miles  San- 
ford.  After  some  two  years  of  service  he  also 
resigned,  and  for  fourteen  months  following  Rev. 
Luther  Stone,  editor  of  the  Watchman  of  the  /'/•///- 
ries,  served  as  acting  pastor.  In  September,  1S4S, 
Rev.  Elisha  Tucker,  D.D.,  became  pastor,  contin 
uing  in  service  until  1851,  Avhen  he  resigned,  the 
pulpit  remaining  vacant  until  October,  1852,  when 
Rev.  John  C.  Burroughs  became  pastor.  Almost 
immediately  upon  the  commencement  of  his  labors 
the  house  of  worship,  which  had  been  built  in 
1843.  under  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  E.  11.  llamlin, 
was  burned.  Measures  were  taken  at  once  for  the 
rebuilding;  the  corner-stone  was  laid  July  4,  1853, 
and  the  house  dedicated  November  12  following. 
In  1 85l).  Mr.  Burroughs  resigned,  and  Dr.  \V.  G. 
Howard,  of  Rochester,  was  called  to  the  pastorate. 
He  was  succeeded,  in  1859.  by  Dr.  W.  W.  Everts, 
and  lie,  in  1879,  by  Dr.  Geo.  C.  Lorimer,  the  present 
pastor. 

The  second  Baptist  church  in  order  of  time  in 
Chicago  was  the  Tabernacle  church,  composed  of 
32  members  of  the  First  church,  who  left  that  body 
in  1842.  and  organi/ed  upon  the;  west  side  of  the 
river.  This  church  was  served  by  successive  pas 
tors,  among  others  Rev.  Lewis  Raymond,  Rev. 
Archibald  Kenyon.  Rev.  J.  K.  Kennev,  and  Rev. 
Nathaniel  Calver.  D.  D..  until  the  year  18('»4,  when 
an  important  change  took  place,  affecting  favorably 
the  situation  of  all  the  Baptist  churches  in  the 
city.  In  that  year  the  First  church  sold  its  prop 
erty  at  the  corner  of  La  Salle  and  Washington 
Streets  to  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  receiving 
for  it  the  sum  of  $65,000.  Of  this  sum  such  a  use 
was  made  as  should  be  helpful  to  the  other  churches 
of  the  city.  The  house,  built,  as  we  have  said,  in 
1853,  was  given  to  such  members  of  the  church  as 
should  unite  with  the  Tabernacle  church  upon  the 
west  side  of  the  river,  with  a  location  more  favor 
able,  the  resulting  organization  to  be  called  the 
Second  Baptist  church  of  Chicago.  It  was  accord 
ingly  taken  down,  removed  to  the  west  side,  and 
there  re-erected  at  the  corner  of  Morgan  and  Mon 
roe  Streets.  In  the  union  of  the  Tabernacle  church 
with  members  of  the  First  church  living  on  the 
west  side  of  the  river  a  strong,  efficient  church 
was  formed.  The  removal  and  rebuilding  of  the 
house  cost  some  §20,000.  Rev.  E.  J.  Goodspeed, 
of  Janesville,  was  called  to  the  pastorate,  and  years 
of  signal  Christian  activity,  growth,  and  prosperity 
followed.  Dr.  Goodspeed,  in  the  later  years  of  his 


FIRST    I'.U'TIST    CHURCH,  CHICAGO. 


CHICAGO 


211 


<' 11 1C  AGO 


pastorate,  was  assisted  by  his  brother,  Rev.  T.  W. 
Goodspeed.  Upon  the  termination  of  their  joint 
pastorate,  occasioned  by  the  failing  health  of  the 
senior  pastor,  Dr.  Galusha  Anderson,  of  Brooklyn, 
was  called.  lie  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  -John  Pod- 
die,  of  Philadelphia.  Dr.  IVddie  having  accepted 
a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Xew  York  City,  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  : 
\V.  M.  Lawrence,  of  Philadelphia. 

The  third  Baptist  church  in  order  of  time  in 
Chicago  was  the  Edina  Place,  organized  by  mem 
bers  of  the  First  church,  by  whom  a  house  of  wor 
ship  was  built  at  the  corner  of  Edina  Place  and 
Harrison  Street.  Rev.  Robert  Boyd  was  called  as 
the  first  pastor.  Under  his  remarkable  ministry 
the  church  enjoyed  great  prosperity.  A  better 
location  was  found  for  it  in  due  time  at  the  corner 
of  W abash  Avenue  and  Eighteenth  Street;  sub 
sequently  it  removed  to  Michigan  Avenue  and 
Twenty-third  Street,  erecting  there  a  fine  house  of 
worship  and  changing  its  name  to  the  Michigan 
Avenue  Baptist  church.  The  successive  pastors 
have  been  Robert  Boyd,  D.D.,  E.  G.  Taylor,  D.D.. 
Samuel  Baker,  D.D..  Jesse  B.  Thomas.  D.D..  Rev.  ! 
F.  M.  Ellis,  J.  W.  Custis,  D.D..  and  Rev.  James  ; 
Patterson.  Rev.  K.  B.  Tapper  is  the  acting  pastor 
at  present. 

Union  Park  Baptist  church  was  the  fourth  in 
order  of  date  organi/ed  in  Chicago.  This  took 
pluce  in  September,  1856.  the  location  chosen 
being  near  Union  Park.  Rev.  A.  J.  Joslvn  was 
the  first  pastor.  After  him  came  Rev.  J.  S.  Mahan, 
E.  G.  Taylor.  D.D.,  Rev.  Florence  McCarthy.  D.  B! 
Cheney,  D.D.,  and  E.  B.  Hulbert,  D.I).,  the  last 
named  being  still  in  service.  The  house  of  worship 
now  occupied — the  second  built  bv  the  church  in 
the  course  of  its  history — stands  at  the  corner  of 
West  Washington  and  Paulina  Streets.  The  name 
of  the  church  has  been  changed  to  the  Fourth  Bap 
tist  church  of  Chicago. 

In  November,  1857,  the  North  Baptist  church 
was  organi/ed.  under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  J.  A. 
Smith,  of  the  M<nn/<n-<f.  The  place  of  meeting 
was  at  first  the  lecture-room  of  Rush  Medical  Col 
lege,  on  the  north  side  of  the  river.  Tu  the  follow 
ing  spring  and  summer  a  house  of  worship  was  built 
at  the  corner  of  Ohio  and  Dearborn  Streets.  The 
church  having  become  sufficiently  strong  to  sustain 
a  pastor,  Mr.  Smith  resigned,  and  Dr.  S.  W.  l,ynd 
was  called.  He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  A.  II.  Strong. 
now  president  of  the  Rochester  Theological  Sem 
inary,  and  he  by  Rev.  A.  A.  Kendrick.  now  presi 
dent  of  Shurtleif  College.  Mr.  Kendrick  was  suc 
ceeded  by  Reuben  Jeffrey,  D.D..  and  he  by  Rev.  0. 
T.  Walker.  In  the  great  fire  of  1871  the  house  of 
worship  of  the  church — a  new  edifice  upon  Chicago 
Avenue,  purchased  from  a  Unitarian  church — was 
destroyed,  and  the  organization  broken  up.  The 


ground  it  had  held  remained  mostly  unoccupied 
until  the  organization  of  the  Central  church  by 
Rev.  E.  O.  Taylor  in  1877.  This  prosperous  society 
may  be  regarded  as  the  successor  of  the  North 
church,  and  as  continuing  its  history. 

The  North  Star  Baptist  church  is  also  upon  the 
north  side  of  the  river,  at  the  corner  of  Division 
and  Sedgwick  Streets.  It  began  as  a  mission  of 
the  First  church,  established  in  I860.  A  property 
was  there  acquired  at  a  cost  of  some  $3(1.000,  con 
sisting  of  a  chapel  and  parsonage.  These  were  de 
stroyed  by  tin1  fire  of  1871.  hut  rebuilt,  through  the 
efforts  of  Dr.  Everts.  The  mission  became  a  church 
in  1X70,  Rev.  Goo.  L.  Wrenn  being  its  first  pastor. 
After  a  service  of  five  years  IK;  was  succeeded  by 
Rev.  E.  R.  Pierce.  After  him  came  Rev.  J.  M. 
Whitohead,  who  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  R.  P.  Al 
lison,  and  he  by  Rev.  Joseph  Rowley,  the  present 
pastor. 

The  Indiana  Avenue  Baptist  church,  at  the  cor 
ner  of  Indiana  Avenue  and  Thirtieth  Street,  in  the 
south  part  of  the  city,  was  organized  in  1864.  It 
grew  out  of  a  mission  founded  there  by  the  First 
church  in  186M,  a  neat  house  of  worship  being 
erected  in  that  year  upon  lots  donated  for  the  pur 
pose.  The  organization  of  a  church  occurred  in 
the  year  following.  J.  A.  Smith.  D.D.,  served  as 
pastor  five  years.  lie  was  followed  by  M.  S.  Rid 
dle.  D.D.,  to  whom  succeeded  Rev.  F.  D.  Kickerson. 
followed  by  Rev.  W.  W.  Kverts,  Jr.  Upon  the  re 
moval  of  the  First  church  to  the  corner  of  South 
Park  Avenue  and  Thirty-first  Street,  in  1875.  the 
Indiana  Avenue  church  was  dissolved,  and  its 
members  united  with  the  First  church. 

Near  the  close  of  1868  the  University  Place 
church  was  organized  in  the  chapel  of  the  univer 
sity,  being  composed  of  members  of  the  Indiana 
Avenue  and  First  churches  living  in  that  vicinity. 
J.  A.  Smith,  D.D..  served  as  the  first  pastor,  being 
followed  by  Wm.  Hague,  D. D..  who  was  succeeded 
as  acting  pastor  by  J.  B.  Jackson.  D.D..  and  he  by 
Rev.  A.  J.  Frost,  now  of  California.  A.  Owen, 
D.D..  came  next,  who  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  J.  T. 
Biirhoe.  the  present  pastor.  The  house  of  worship 
built  by  the  church  stands  on  Thirty-fifth  Street 
near  Rhodes  Avenue. 

The  Western  Avenue  church,  on  the  west  side 
of  the  river.  Avas  organized  in  1861).  Its  first  pas 
tor,  Rev.  John  Gordon,  was  signally  successful  in 
building  up  the  church  to  a  strong  and  independent 
position.  The  present  pastor.  Rev.  C.  Perrin,  is 
also  much  prospered  in  his  work.  Other  churches 
in  the  vicinity  are  the  Centennial,  organized  in 
1875;  Coventry  Street,  1870;  South  church.  1867; 
Central.  1X77:  Olivet  (colored).  1X5.'5:  Providence 
(colored).  1871  :  Dearborn  Street,  1X75;  Twenty- 
fifth  Street  :  with  a  Danish,  a  Swedish,  and  a  Ger 
man.  Mention  should  also  be  made  of  the  Taber- 


ClIH'AdO 


CHICAGO 


nacle.  conducted  by  Mr.  B.  I'1.  -Jacobs,  and  various 
missions  in  different  parts  of  the  city,  sustained  by 
the  several  churches. 

Chicago,  Baptist  Union  Theological  Sem 
inary  at. — About  the  year  1S60  a  conviction  had 
become  quite  ireneral  in  various  parts  of  the  North 
western  States  that  provision  should  be  made  at 
si  niie  suitable  point  west  of  the  lakes  for  distinctively 
theological  education.  The  University  of  Chicago 
had  been  recently  established,  and  was  already 
giving  promise  of  permanent  growth  and  power. 
Colleges  of  considerably  older  date  existed  in  other 
parts  of  the  West,  and  were  acquiring  financial  in 
dependence  and  literary  reputation.  For  theological 
education,  however,  the  West  was  wholly  dependent 
upon  the  East.  It  was  felt  that  an  institution  more 


logical  centre  for  the  Northwest,  as  also  its  com 
mercial  and  literary  centre,  is  at  Chicago,  and  also 
that  if  they  were  right  in  this,  they  must  be  equally 
justified  in  their  confidence  that,  planted  thus  at 
the  true  centre,  the  institution  would  make  its  own 
wav.  Accordingly  a  meeting  was  called  by  the 
three;  brethren  who  decided  to  assume  this  respon 
sibility,  viz.,  W.  W.  Kverts,  .).  15.  Olcott.  and  •). 
A.  Smith,  to  be  held  at  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Chicago.  This  took  place  in  the  year  ISCdl.  But 
few  were  present,  yet  it  was  decided  there  to  or 
ganize  the  Baptist  Theological  Union  for  the  North 
west,  which  was  accordingly  done.  OfKcers  were 
chosen,  and  a  committee  appointed  to  report  a  con 
stitution  at  a  meeting  to  be  held  in  the  following 
year.  At  the  meeting  in  1S<>1  other  members  were 


CIIICACO     BAI'TIST    I'MON    TH  ICOI.OG  K  A  I,    SKMINAUV. 


easily  accessible,  and  in  which  the  Western  min 
istry  could  have  a  Western  theological  training,  was 
becoming  indispensable.  In  the  year  1S59  a  con 
vention  of  delegates  representing  the  denomination 
in  several  Northwestern  States  was  held  at  Chicago 
for  the  consideration  of  this  subject.  No  result  was 
reached,  further  than  to  make  it  clear  that  while  a 
conviction  of  the  need  referred  to  was  unanimous, 
there  were  decided,  and  possibly  irreconcilable  dif 
ferences  of  opinion  as  to  the  point  at  which  to  locate 
the  proposed  theological  seminary,  should  one  be 
decided  upon. 

In  view  of  these  facts,  a  few  brethren  in  Chicago 
decided  to  take  the  responsibility  of  tin  initiative  ; 
influenced  by  the  persuasion  that  the  true  theo- 


received,  and  further  preliminary  steps  taken.  The 
organization,  however,  was  not  perfected  until  the 
meeting  held  Aug.  13,  1863.  A  constitution  was 
then  adopted  and  officers  chosen  ;  Hon.  Richard  S. 
Thomas  being  made  President,  Rev.  Luther  Stone, 
Secretary,  and  Edward  Goodman,  Esq.,  Treasurer. 
The  charter  of  incorporation  was  given,  by  act  of 
the  Illinois  Legislature,  Feb.  16,  1865. 

As  appears  by  this  recital,  the  steps  of  progress 
were  slow.  Care  was  exercised  that  no  measure 
should  be  premature  ;  that  the  enterprise  should 
vest,  for  its  growth,  upon  an  increasing  conviction 
of  its  necessity  in  the  denomination  to  which  it 
must  look  for  the  means  of  success.  Strenuous 
effort  was  made.  also,  at  this  time  in  behalf  of  the 


CHICAGO  ; 

university  endowment,  and  it  was  judged  unwise 
to  bring  forward  anotber  claimant  to  the  liberality 
of  our  people  in  a  way  that  might  embarrass  both 
undertakings.  Xo  more,  accordingly,  was  at 
tempted  than  simply  to  bold  the  enterprise  in  such 
a  state  of  forwardness  as  would  facilitate  mure 
direct  and  energetic  effort  when  the  time  Cor  it 
should  come.  In  the  mean  time  theological  in 
struction  was  commenced,  under  a  temporary  ar 
rangement,  first  by  Dr.  Nathaniel  Colver,  as  Pro 
fessor  of  Doctrinal  Theology,  and  in  IXGb'  by  Dr. 
Colver  and  Prof.  J.  ('.  C.  Clarke,  who  organized  at 
the  university  theological  classes,  numbering  in  all 
about  a  do/en  students.  The  expenses  of  this  ser 
vice  were  met  chietly  by  personal  friends  of  Dr. 
Colver  at  the  East,— W.  W.  Cook,  ES,,.,  of  White 
hall,  X.  Y.,  and  Messrs.  Barnes  and  Davis,  of  Bur 
lington,  Vt. 

Jn  the  autumn  of  ISliO  a  faculty  was  organized 
by  the  election  of  Rev.  G.  W.  Xorthrup.  D.D.. 
then  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History  in  the 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  as  president,  and 
Professor  of  Christian  Theology,  and  of  Rev.  -I.  B. 
Jackson,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Albion. 
X.  Y.,  as  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History.  Dr. 
Colver  became  president  of  the  Freed  men's  Insti 
tute  at  Richmond,  Va.,  and  Prof.  Clarke  entered 
the  pastorate.  More  direct  effort  was  now  made 
for  the  raising  of  funds.  Generous  friends  in 
Chicago  and  elsewhere  came  forward  with  dona 
tions  in  sums  ranging  from  SlOOO  to  S5000,  and  the 
enterprise  was  vigorously  pressed.  In  September. 
lXf>7,  Rev.  (!.  W.  Warren.  A.M.,  of  Boston,  was 
elected  Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Exegesis,  and  on 
October  2  of  that  year  the  work  of  instruction 
under  the  new  organi/ation  began.  In  the  year 
18f>7-<>X,  20  students  were  in  attendance.  '2  in  the 
middle  class,  IS  in  the  Junior.  Rev.  (i.  S.  Bailey. 
D.D..  at  the  time  of  the  organi/ation  of  the  new 
faculty,  was  chosen  corresponding  and  financial 
secretary,  and,  aided  by  Rev.  Thos.  Allen  and  Rev. 
Wm.  M.  Ilaigh,  prosecuted  with  energy  and  success 
the  \vork  of  raising  funds.  In  1S6X,  lots  of  hind 
having  been  secured  near  the  university,  the  erection 
of  a  building  was  commenced,  and  the  edifice  was 
completed  and  dedicated  July  1.  lSf>9.  Itwas  built  of 
brick.  214  feet  in  length.  48  ft-et  wide,  and  4  stories 
high.  The  cost  was  SOO.OOl).  Of  this  sum  S30.000 
remained  as  a  debt,  in  bonds  secured  upon  the 
property.  The  number  of  students  had  now  in 
creased  to  2f>,  three  of  whom  graduated  that  year. 
The  assets  of  the  seminary  at  this  point  in  its  his 
tory  were  reported  atS144.000:  its  liabilities,  in 
cluding  bonds  and  indebtedness  for  the  ground  on 
which  the  buildings  stood,  and  otherwise,  at  Sf)4,2t>f>. 
Of  these  assets,  SSO,000  were  in  buildings  and 
grounds,  §11,250  in  other  real  estate,  and  the  re 
mainder  in  notes  and  subscriptions. 


.3  CHICAGO 

At  the  date  last  given,  July  1,  1X69,  the  connection 
of  Prof.  Warren  with  the  seminary  was  terminated, 
and  Prof.  A.  X.  Arnold,  D.D.,  of  the  Theological 
Seminary  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  was  made  Professor 
of  Biblical  Literature  and  Exegesis,  and  Rev.  Wm. 
Hague,  I). I)..  Professor  of  Homiletics  and  Pastoral 
Duties.  For  the  year  I  SOD-JO  the  number  of  stu 
dents  had  increased  to  40.  In  this  year,  also,  the 
library  of  Dr.  Ilengstenberg.  of  Berlin.  Prussia. 
consisting  of  L'i.OOO  volumes,  was  purchased 
through  the  liberality  of  friends  of  the  seminary 
and  university.  It  is  a  remarkably  rich  collection, 
especially  in  patristic  and  medieval  literature,  and 
in  works  by  foreign  authors  of  later  date.  In  Sep 
tember,  1X70,  Prof.  Jackson  resigned,  and  soon 
after.  Dr.  Hague,  being  obliged  by  his  wife's  state 
of  health  to  return  East,  also  resigned.  Prof.  E.  C. 
Mitchell,  I).]).,  of  ShurtlefT  College,  was  elected 
Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Old  Testament  Literature, 
and  R.  E.  Pattison.  D.D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  In 
terpretation  and  History  of  Doctrines. 

The  Scandinavian  department  in  the  seminary 
was  organized  in  1X78  under  the  instruction  of 
Prof.  •).  A.  Edgren.  It  has  from  year  to  year  more 
and  more  proved  itself  an  important  feature  of  the 
institution.  As  the  only  department  of  the  kind 
in  this  country,  and  as  providing  an  educated  min 
istry  for  a  large  and  increasing  Scandinavian  pop 
ulation  in  the  Northwestern  States,  it  is  entitled  to 
special  consideration. 

In  1X74.  Rev.  T.  -I.  Morgan,  president  of  the 
State  Normal  School  of  Nebraska,  was  elected 
Professor  of  Homiletics.  continuing  in  that  chair 
until  IX7'.I.  when  he  was  transferred  to  that  of 
Church  History.  In  the  same  year.  1874,  W.  W. 
Everts.  Jr..  was  elected  Assistant  Professor  of 
Church  History,  but  left  at  the  end  of  the  year  to 
enter  the  pastorate.  Dr.  Pattison's  connection 
with  the  faculty  terminated  at  his  death.  Nov.  21, 
1X74.  In  1X75,  Dr.  Bailey  resigned  his  secretary 
ship,  and  in  lX7('i.  Rey.  T.  W.  (ioodspced  was 
chosen  to  the  same  office,  which  he  still  holds.  In 
1S77.  Prof.  J.  11.  Boise.  Ph.D..  LL.D..  of  the  uni 
versity,  was  elected  to  fill  the  place  of  Dr.  Arnold, 
who  had  been  compelled  by  failure  of  health  to 
resign. 

Dr.  Mitchell  also  retired  from  the  service  of  the 
seminary,  his  place  in  the  chair  of  Hebrew  being 
filled  for  one  year  by  Prof.  B.  Maimon.  Prof.  W. 
Iv.  Harper  was  then  chosen  to  the  chair,  which  he 
now  occupies. 

The  faculty  now  stands  :  (!.  W.  Northrup.  D.D., 
President  and  Professor  of  Systematic  Theology. 
J.  R.  Boise.  Ph.D..  D.D..  LL.D..  Professor  of  New 
Testament  Exegesis  and  Literature;  T.  J.  Morgan, 
D.D..  Professor  of  Church  History:  W.  R.  Harper, 
Ph.D..  Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Old  Testament 
Literature;  J.  A.  Edgren,  D.D.,  Professor  in  the 


CHICAGO 


214 


CHICAGO 


Scandinavian  department:  Galusha  Anderson. 
D.D..  Special  Lecturer  on  Ilomileties  and  Pastoral 
Duties:  -I.  A.  Smith.  D.D.,  Special  Lecturer  on 
Modern  Church  History.  Origin  of  Religions,  and 
Philosophy. 

The  removal  of  the  seminary  to  Morgan  Park  in 
1877  was  a  measure  of  prosit  importance.  It  secures 
liy  this  means  a  valuable,  site  and  building,  with 
other  real  estate  adjoining,  mostly  by  donation,  and 
at  the  same  time  it  is  sufficiently  near  the  city  to 
answer  all  the  most  needful  ends  of  a  city  location. 
It  graduated  I'd  in  the  class  of  1SSO.  raising  its  whole 
number  of  graduates  during  the  history  of  the 
seminarv  to  M3^. 

Chicago,  University  of.— About  the  year  isr>o 
it  was  ascertained  that  Senator  Stephen  A.  Douglas 
had  made  proposals  to  donate  the  site  for  a  univer 
sity  upon  lands  owned  by  him  in  Cottage  drove,  a 
little  south  of  what  was  then  the  southern  limit  of 
the  citv.      Learning  this  fact,  and  having  reason  to 
believe  that  Mr.  Douglas  would  prefer  that  the  pro 
posed  university  should  be  founded   under  denomi 
national  auspices,  as  also  that  out.  of  regard  for  the 
memory  of  his  deceased  wife,  who  was   a    Baptist. 
his  choice  amonir  the  denominations  would  be  that 
to  which  she  had   belonged,  Kev.  -1.  C.  Burroughs. 
at   that    time    pastor   of  the    First    Baptist  church, 
decided    to  visit    Mr.  Douglas  and    secure    the    pro 
posed  site  for  a  university  to  be  under  Baptist  con 
trol.      He  found  the  views  of  Mr.  Douglas  to  be  as 
had    been    represented.      After   a   full    consultation 
upon    the   subject,   with   especial    reference    to   the 
character   that  should   be   given    to  the  university, 
and  the  relations  to  it  of  the  Baptist,  denomination, 
the  desired  arrangement  was  effected.     Mr.  Douglas 
gave   to   -Mr.  Burroughs,  in    trust    for   the  purpose 
named,  a  deed  of  gift  of  ten  acres  of  land  in  Cot 
tage  Grove,   located   near   the    lake,   and    fronting 
upon   Cottage   drove   Avenue.     The   terms  of  the 
deed  provided  that  upon  this  ground  a  building  to 
cost  not  less  than  $100,000  should  be  erected  within 
a  specified   time,  upon   the  completion  of  which   a 
deed  of  the  property  should  be  given  to  the   board 
of    trustees,    for   the   creation   of  which    provision 
was  made  in  the  deed  of  gift ;  that  the  property  as 
so  deeded  should  be  forever  secured  to  the  Baptist 
denomination  for  the  uses  of  a  university,  and  not 
to   be   alienated    for   any  purpose    whatever;  that 
while  denominational  in  the  sense  of  being  under 
the  general  care  of  the  Baptist  denomination,  the 
university  should  be  for  purposes  of  general  educa 
tion    only,  while,    save   that    the    president   and  a 
majority  of  the  trustees  must  always  be  Baptists, 
its  board  and  faculty  should  be  open  to  representa 
tion  on  the  part  of  all  denominations,  as  well  as  to 
those  of  none  ;  and  that  no  sectarian  tests  of  any 
kind  should  ever  be  introduced. 

The  deed  of  gift  thus  conditioned  was  accepted 


bv  Mr.  Burroughs,  who  immediately  proceeded  to 
secure    the    necessary    organization    and    charter. 
This  was  speedily  effected,  and  the  university  regu 
larly  incorporated  by  act  of  the  Legislature    under 
the    name    of    the     t'niversity    of    Chicago.     .Mr. 
Douglas   was    himself    the    first    president    of  the 
board.      Resigning    his    pastorate.    Mr.    Burroughs 
now  applied  himself  to   the  work  of  raising   neces 
sary  funds.      Calling   to   his   aid   Rev.  •).   B.  Olcott, 
an  experienced  agent,  he,  with   his  aid.  prosecuted 
the  effort  with  so  much  energy  that  by  Oct.  1.  is;>(>, 
he  could  report  that  the  sum  of  SlOO.OOO  had  been 
secured  in  the  city  of  Chicago  alone  in  subscriptions 
and    pledges,  while   in    the   country    the   enterprise 
was  viewed  with  similar  favor.      When,  in  Septem 
ber,  1S5S,   the   grammar  school    of    the    university 
was  opened  and  the  work  of  instruction  begun,  the 
pledges   had   amounted   to   above  SilOO.OOO  in   city 
and    country.      In  the    mean  time,  steps    had    been 
taken    for   the   erection   of  a  building  suited  to   the 
present  needs  of  the  university.      As   it  was   found 
impracticable  while    providing    for   other   needs   of 
the  enterprise  to  expend  so  large  a  sum  as  i?l(HI.()0() 
upon  the  building  at  once.  Mr.  Douglas  consented 
to  waive  this  condition  in  his  grant  of  the  site,  and 
•i-ave  to  the  trustees  a  deed   to  the  property.     The 
corner-stone  of  the  building,  which    in  the  general 
plan  of  the   edifice   is   in   the   south  wing,  was  laid 
July  4,  1S;">~-  addresses  on  the  occasion  being  made 
by  Mr.   Douglas,  Hon.  I.  X.  Arnold.  Rev.  Robert 
Boyd.  Rev.  A.  -).  -loslyn,  Kev.  W.  G.  Howard.  D.D., 
and    others.      The  grammar  school,   pending     the 
completion  of  this  building,  occupied  a  room  in  St. 
Paul's    I'niversalist    church,  on    Wabash    Avenue. 
The  principal  was  Prof.  L.  R.  Satterlee.  of  Roches 
ter,  who  was    also    Professor    of  the    English    Lan 
guage  and  Literature.      Prof.  A.  II.  Mixer,  also  of 
Rochester,  was    Professor    of    Modern    Languages. 
For   the   time,  however,  these   gentlemen  gave  in 
struction  in  all  the  studies  of  a  college  preparatory 
course. 

From  the  beginning  it  was  the  wish  of  the  trus 
tees  that  Mr.  Burroughs  should  be  the  president 
of  the  new  university.  His  own  preference  was 
that  the  office  should  be  given  to  some  one  with  a 
reputation  already  national  as  an  educator.  He 
endeavored  to  secure,  with  this  view.  Dr.  Francis 
Wayland  and  others,  but  failing  in  this  effort,  he 
finally  accepted  the  presidency,  which  the  board 
meantime  had  not  ceased  to  urge  upon  him.  He 
held  the  office  for  some  fifteen  years,  from  1858  to 
1873.  They  were  years  of  vicissitude,  not  only  in 
the  affairs  of  the  university  but  in  those  of  the  city 
and  the  whole  country.  In  about  two  years  after 
the  opening  of  the  university  came  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion.  Following  upon  this  were  financial  re 
verses,  the  disasters  of  two  great  fires  in  the  city, 
with  other  similar  causes  seriously  affecting  all  in- 


CHICAGO 


215 


CHILD 


choate  enterprises,  in  the  West  especially.  The 
university  was  a  sufferer  to  such  an  extent  that 
only  a  small  percentage  of  the  large  .subscription 
noticed  above,  with  others  additional  procured 
later,  could  be  collected.  .Meantime.  ;LS  the  uni 
versity  grew  expenses  enlarged  :  additions  to  the 
building,  making  it  what  it  now  is,  became  neces 
sary  :  an  increased  (acuity  was  indispensable.  The 
result  was  loans  and  arrearages  eventuating  in  a 
cumbersome  and  threatening  debt.  The  oversight 
of  finances  in  these  circumstances  seemed  in  Dr. 
Burroughs's  view  to  fall  to  himself  as  a  duty,  while 
the  association  of  such  growing  complications  with 
the  usual  cares  and  labors  of  a  college  presidency, 
made  his  task  one  of  extreme  difficulty,  lie  had 
associated  with  him.  however,  able  men  and  enthu 
siastic  teachers:  in  the  (ireek  department,  first 
Prof.  A.  II.  Mixer,  afterwards  Prof.  •).  U.  Boise: 


was  thought  best  to  make  some  changes  in  the 
administration  of  the  university.  With  this  view 
an  act  of  the  Legislature  was  procured  empowering 
the  board  to  create  the  ollice  of  chancellor.  Dr. 
Burroughs,  resigning  the  presidency,  was  elected  to 
this  oilice,  and  Rev.  Lemuel  .Moss,  D.D..  to  that  of 
president.  This  arrangement,  however,  continued 
only  for  one  year.  Dr.  Moss  then  becoming  presi 
dent  of  the  Indiana  State  University.  After  the 
interval  of  a  year.  Hon.  Alon/.o  Abernethy.  Super 
intendent  of  Public  Instruction  in  the  Stale  of 
Iowa,  and  who  .had  been  educated  at  the  university, 
was  chosen  president.  After  some  two  years 
President  Abernethy  resigned,  ami  Dr.  C.alusha 
Anderson  was  elected  to  the  ollice.  which  he  still 
holds. 

The    faculty  of  the    university   at   present   is    Dr. 
(ialu-ha  Anderson,  President:  Edward  Olson,  Pro- 


in  Latin,  Prof.  -I.  \V.  Stearns,  subsequently  Pr,>f. 
J.  C.  Freeman  ;  in  Mathematics,  Prof.  A.  -I.  Saw 
yer,  till  succeeded  by  Prof.  A..).  Howe;  in  As 
tronomy,  Prof.  Safford;  in  Natural  Sciences,  Prof. 
McChesney,  and  subsequently  Profs.  Dexter  and 
AVheeler.  The  university  under  his  administration 
and  the  instruction  of  this  faculty,  achieved  a 
highly  creditable  literary  reputation,  and  even 
when  most  oppressed  with  financial  embarrassment 
ranked  in  the  real  yalue  of  its  work  with  the  best 
colleges.  In  this  connection  should  be  mentioned 
the  highly  important  service  rendered  to  the  uni 
versity  by  Dr.  W.  W.  Everts,  especially  in  pro 
curing,  jointly  with  Prof.  Mixer,  the  endowment 
of  the  Greek  chair,  amounting  to  nearly  Sl25,000  ; 
which,  however,  we  are  sorry  to  say,  was  in  the 
subsequent  difficulties  of  the  university  absorbed. 

The   limits   necessarily   assigned    to   this   sketch 
compel  the  omission  of  many  details.     In   1X73  it 


lessor  of  the  Greek  Language  and  Literature; 
I).  A.  Stuart,  Professor  of  the  Latin  Language  and 
Literature;  -I.  11.  Sanford,  Professor  of  Rhetoric 
and  Belles-Lettrcs ;  A.  J.  Howe,  Professor  of 
Mathematics;  E.  S.  Bastin.  Professor  of  Botany; 
Ransom  Dexter,  Professor  of  /oology,  Physiology, 
and  Anatomy  ;  C.  Gilbert  AVheeler,  Professor  of 
Chemistry. 

Child',  William  Chauncy,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Johnstown,  X.  Y..  in  August,  1X17,  and  was  a 
graduate  of  Union  College  in  the  class  of  1840,  and 
of  the  \ewton  Theological  Institution  in  the  class 
of  1844.  He  was  ordained  at  Charlestown,  Mass., 
Oct.  30,  1844,  and  was  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  that  city  six  years, — 1844-50, — and  sub 
sequently  pastor  of  the  church  in  Framingbam, 
Mass.,  eightyears, —  18f>l-59.  In  1801  he  waschosen 
district  secretary  of  the  American  Tract  Society, 
of  Boston,  which  position  he  held  for  eight  years, — 


cnn/ro\ 


]St)  1-69.  Soon  after  retiring  from  this  office  ho  was 
elected  district  secrcrarv  of  the  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society,  an;!  was  in  ofliec  until  isy.'J. 
Ho  occupied  during  the  citter  years  of  liis  lile  a 
responsible  position  on  th  '  editorial  staff  of  The 
l\'n  fr/nnnn  <in<l  AV/^v/or.  !Io  died  suddenly  at 
Boston.  Jan.  14,  1S7<>. 

CMlton,  Hon.  Thomas,  was  born  in  (Jarrard 
Co.,  Ky.,  -Inly  3<>,  17DS-.  educated  a:  i'aris.  Ky.  : 
studied  and  practiced  law  at  O\vingsvi!le,  Bath 
County;  elected  to  the  Legislature  of  Kentucky  in 
IS  1'.),  and  served  several  sessions;  was  a  mem 
ber  of  Congress  from  Kentucky  during  the 
Presidency  of  ( Jen.  -lackson  four  terms;  removed 
to  Alabama,  where  he  practiced  law  with  signal 
success.  1  le  was  converted,  and  commenced  preach 
ing  before  lie  left  Kentucky  ;  was  pastor  of  Hop- 
kinsville  church.  In  1S41  he  was  elected  presi 
dent  of  the  Alabama  Baptist,  State  Convention, 
and  shortly  afterwards  abandoned  the  practice  of 
law;  became  general  agent  of  the  Alabama  Con 
vention,  and  then  succeeded  Dr.  W.  Carey  Crane  as 
pastor  of  Montgomery  church  in  1S42;  was  pastor 
also  of  Greenborough  and  Newbern  churches.  He- 
moved  to  Texas,  served  the  Houston  church  as  < 
pastor,  and  died  Aug.  lo,  1854.  at  Montgomery,  i 
Texas. 

He  was  a  man  of  strong  reasoning  powers,  fine 
delivery,  and  commanding  influence.  lie  was  no 
ordinary  thinker.  His  descendants  hold  prominent 
places  in  Texas  society. 

Chilton,  Rev.  Thomas  John,  a  pioneer  preacher 
amonir  the  Separate  Baptists  of  Kentucky,  was 
born  about  the  year  176'.',  most  probably  in  Vir 
ginia,  lie  was  taken  to  Kentucky  in  his  childhood. 
At  the  age  of  about  twenty  years  he  professed  con 
version,  and  united  with  a  Separate  Baptist  church 
in  Lincoln  County,  and  soon  afterwards  was  set 
apart  to  the  ministry.  In  1S01  he  wrote  the  "  Terms 
of  (Jeneral  Union,"  upon  which  all  the  Baptists  of 
Kentucky  were  united  under  the  name  of  1'ni/rtl 
Baptists.  -In  1803  he  adhered  to  a  faction  drawn 
off  from  the  (Jeneral  Union  by  John  Bailey.  Of 
this  faction,  which  assumed  the  name  of  South 
Kentucky  Association  of  Separate  Baptists.  Mr. 
Chilton  was  the  principal  leader  until  Xo-Lynn 
Association  was  formed,  when  he  moved  from  Lin 
coln  to  Ilardin  County,  in  1822,  and  became  the 
principal  preacher  in  that  body  of  Separate  Bap 
tists.  In  IS.'!-")  he  published  a  small  volume  in  vin 
dication  of  his  Association  and  its  peculiar  tenets. 
Soon  after  this  he  moved  to  Christian  County,  and 
joined  the  United  Baptists.  He  died  an  able  and 
honored  minister  of  Christ  in  1840. 

Chilton,  Hon.  William  P.,  was  born  in  Ken 
tucky.  In  1834.  when  quite  a  young  man,  he  emi 
grated  to  Talladega,  Ala.,  prior  to  the  removal  of 
the  Creek  Indians  west  of  the  Mississippi,  and  be- 


iCan  the  practice  of  law.  At  that  time,  among  a 
frontier  population,  in  a  nascent  condition,  strong 
will,  wise  intellect,  and  steady  principles  were  re 
quired  for  leadership.  Chilton  had  the  needed 
qualifications, — tall  and  commanding  in  person, 
graceful  and  courteous  in  manners,  fluent  in  speech, 
unswerving  in  integrity,  he  exerted  an  edueatory 
influence  on  a  population  heterogeneous  in  character 
and  origin,  ea^er  in  the  pursuit  of  wealth,  and  un- 
'•ml'iirrassed  by  the  restraints  of  a  stable  civiliza 
tion.  A  county  distinguished  since  for  intelligence, 
patriotism,  and  a  large  number  of  able  men  con 
tributed  to  the  bar  and  to  politics,  owes  much  to 
what  Chilton  did  in  that  formative  period. 

An  active  politician  and  an  effective  popular 
speaker,  he  was.  in  1S3D.  elected  to  the  Legislature, 
and  took  rank  at  once  as  an  able  debater,  discreet 
in  counsel,  and  never  negligent  of  the  details  of 
business.  In  Is.V,)  he  was  elected  to  the  senate 
from  Macon  County,  and  his  rare  abilities  and  ripe 
experience  made  him  a  most  valuable  legislator. 
During  the  brief  life  of  the  Confederate  States  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Congress,  serving  on  impor 
tant  committees,  and  enjoying  the  confidence  and 
affection  of  his  fellow-members. 

In  1848  he  was  elected  to  the  Supreme  Court, 
and  served  as  justice,  or  chief  justice,  for  ten  years, 
showing  untiring  industry,  hatred  of  wrong,  and 
marked  love  for  the  true  and  the  right. 

On  Jan.  20,  1871.  he  died.  Unusual  honors  were 
paid  to  his  memory  by  the  governor,  the  Legislature, 
the  bar.  and  the  Masonic  fraternity,  of  which  he 
was  grand  master  and  high-priest. 

Judge  Chilton  was  converted  and   bapti/ed  at  an 
j  early  age.  and  as  a  successful   lawyer,  bold  politi 
cian,  and  an  honored  judge  kept  his  garments  un- 
1  spotted  :  generous  to  a  fault,   he  was  also  a  con- 
i  sistent  church  member,  a,  faithful  deacon,  a  diligent 
i  student    of  the    Bible,    and    a   help    to    his   various 
pastors. 

China,  Mission  to.— In  the  report  of  the  board 
of  the  Triennial  Convention  for  the  year  ending- 
April.  1834.  we  find  the  following:  "  In  regard  to 
China,  the  board  are  deeply  desirous  to  fix  upon 
the  best  method  of  reaching  and  benefitting  its  vast 
population,  and  they  have  accordingly  instructed 
Mr.  Jones  to  make  the  requisite  investigations  and 
communicate  his  views  without  delay.  It  is  con 
fidently  believed  that,  the  time  is  come  when  (Jod 
will  bless  with  success  a  judicious,  persevering  at 
tempt  to  give  to  the  crowded  millions  of  that  great 
empire  the  glorious  gospel."  Acting  on  these  in 
structions,  Mr.  Jones  on  reachingBangkok.in  Siam, 
sought  out  such  Chinese  as  he  could  find  in  that  city, 
and  preached  to  them  the  gospel.  The  next  step  in 
this  movement  to  reach  the  Chinese  was  the  appoint 
ment  of  Kev.  W.  Dean,  who  has  now  become  a 
veteran  in  the  service,  as  the  first  special  mission- 


CHTNA 


CHINESE  MISSIONS 


ary  in  Bangkok  to  do  what  he  could  for  the  evan 
gelization  of  the  multitudes  of  the  Chinese  who 
had  taken  up  their  abode  in  that  city.  Macao, 
which  Rev.  J.  L.  Shuck  occupied  in  1x30,  was  the 
second  point  selected  for  the  missionary  purposes 
which  were  contemplated.  Following  the  chrono 
logical  order  of  the  establishment  of  the  missions 
among  the  Chinese  we  speak  : 

1.  Of  the  mission  among  the  Chinese  residing 
either  temporarily  or  permanently   in  Siam,  par 
ticularly   in    Bangkok.      For   eight  years  Messrs. 
Dean  and  Shuck  remained  at  their  respective  sta 
tions.     Mr.  Dean  labored  in  Bangkok,  with  special 
reference    to  the  spiritual   wants   of  the   Chinese. 
He  preached  to  them,  and  prepared  religious  read 
ing  for  them,  performing  that  sort  of  preparatory 
work  which  must  be  done  at  the  commencement  of 
a  new  mission.     Mr.  Goddard  joined  Mr.  Dean  at 
the  close  of  IS40.     In  1842,  by  the  treaty  between 
China  and  England,  Hong-Kong  was  ceded  to  Eng 
land,  and  Mr.  Dean  repaired  to  this  island,  and,  in 
connection  with  Mr.  Shuck,  established  a  station 
in   the  principal  city   of   Hong-Kong,  Victoria   by 
name.     Up  to  this  time,  the  whole  number  of  Chi 
nese  baptized  in   Bangkok  had  boon  IS.     The  de 
parture  of  Mr.  Dean  did  not  suspend  all  efforts  for 
the  spiritual  good  of  those  for  whom  he  had  labored 
for    so  many  years.      In    lS4t'>,  more  than    40.000 
pages  of  religious  reading  were  printed    for  their 
use.      In  1850,  Dr.  Jones  was  chosen  pastor  of  the 
Chinese   church,  which  numbered  35.      Not  much 
visible   progress  was  made   for  several  years.     In 
I860,  we  find  that  20  Chinese  were   baptized.      In 
J8G1,  the  Siamese  and  China  departments,  which  for 
some  time  had  been  united,  were  separated,  and  in 
]8G5  Dr.  Dean  returned  to  his  former  field  ofhibor, 
and  a  new  impulse  was  given  to  the  work.    During 
the  year    18(17,  40  persons  were  baptized  in  Bang 
kok  and  the  outlying  stations.     Under  the  adminis 
tration   of  Dr.    Dean,  the   history  of  the  Bangkok 
Chinese  mission  lias  been  one  of  continued  success. 
The  last  report  gives  us  6  churches  with  425  mem 
bers. 

2.  The  mission  in  Eastern  China.  Dr.  D.  J. 
Macgowan,  in  the  autumn  of  1X43,  went  to  Xinirpo, 
one  of  the  five  ports  opened  to  the  English,  and 
established  a  mission  hospital,  which  was  in  opera 
tion  for  three  months,  and  reopened  the  next  spring. 
Rev.  E.  C.  Lord  arrived  in  Ningpo,  June  20.  1x47. 
to  engage  in  special  missionary  work  among  the 
Chinese.  Dr.  Macgowan  acted  as  his  interpreter 
while  preaching  until  he  was  able  to  use  the  lan 
guage  himself.  Mr.  Goddard  joined  Mr.  Lord  in 
1848.  For  several  years  affairs  at  Ningpo  went  on 
with  a  good  degree  of  prosperity.  A  convenient 
chapel  was  opened  for  religious  we  ship  Sept,  20. 
1852.  The  work  of  preaching,  translation,  printing! 
and  teaching  was  carried  on  1  >pefully.  and  much 
15 


good  seed  was  sown.    Rev.  M.  J.  Knowlton  reached 
Ningpo  early  in  June,  1854.     How  well   and   how 
faithfully  he  did  his  work  may  be  seen  in  the  sketch 
of  his  life.    The  memory  of  Mr.  Goddard  in  connec 
tion  with  this  mission  is  most  precious.     His  service 
of  fifteen  years  is  recorded  on  high.     The  mantle  of 
the  father  fell  on  his  son,  Rev.  Josiah  R.  Goddard, 
who  joined  the  mission  in  June,  1868.     The  most 
recent  intelligence  we  have  from  this  station  is  that 
there  are  in  Ningpo  and  its  out-stations,  7  churches 
with  263  members,  and  that  the  work  in  every  de 
partment  has  been  pushed  with  vigor  and  success. 
3.   The    Southern   Chinese    Mission.      The    head 
quarters  of  this  mission  is  Swatow.  about-  150  miles 
east  of  Hong-Kong.    The  mission  was  established  in 
I860,  and  was  designed   to  reach  in  its  operations 
the  Chinese  who  spoke  the  Tie-Chin  dialect.      These 
people  inhabit   the  most  densely-populated   region 
in    China.     It    embraces    nine    walled    cities,    and 
towns   and   villages   in   such    close   contiguity  that 
one  or  more  is  ever  in   sight.      It  is  said  that  there 
are  more  people  in  this  district  than  the  entire  pop 
ulation  of  Burmah,  including  the  Karens  and  other 
subjugated  tribes.      The  field   of  labor  in  many  re 
spects  was  most  discouraging,  owing  to  the  exceed 
ingly  debased  character  of  the  people,  "but/'  says 
the  report  which  speaks  of  the  opening  of  the  mis 
sion,  "out  of  the  materials  here  now  so  unpromis 
ing,  to  human  view  so  hopeless,  can  grace  raise  up 
and  fit  polished    stones  for  the   spiritual    temple." 
The  mission    at    Hong-Kong  was  given  up  and  the 
missionaries    transferred    to    Swatow.       Rev.    Mr. 
Sawtelle  joined    the  mission   in  JS6I.      His  health 
failing  he  was   forced  to  retire   from  the  field  in  a 
few  months,  and   Mr.  Johnson   was   left  in   charge 
of  the  station   for  some   time,  until    Rev.   W.  Ash- 
more  joined   him  in  the  autumn  of  1X03.      During 
the  year  from  Oct.  1,  1864,  to  Oct.  1,  1865.  24  were 
received   into   the  church   by  baptism.      Year  after 
year  new  out-stations  were  established  in  the  neigh 
borhood  of  Swatow,  which,  from  time  to  time,  have 
been   reinforced    by   the   addition   of  workers,  both 
male  and   female,   to   the  laborers  in   a  field  from 
which  so  much  good  fruit  has  been  gathered.    In  the 
last  report  from  the  Southern   Chinese  mission  we 
find  that  with  Swatow  as  the  principal  station  there 
are  17  out-stations.  1 01)  were  baptized   during  the 
year,  and   the  number  of  church   members  is  0X7. 
(See  article  on  SOI-TIIKR.V   BAPTIST  CONVENTION.) 
Chinese  Missions  in  America. — The  discovery 

of  gold  in  California  in  1X49,  attracted  large  num 
bers  of  men  from  China.  In  1856  there  were  many 
thousands.  They  continued  in  the  worship  of 
idols,  their  temples  standing  near  to  Christian 
sanctuaries.  Baptists  became  interested  in  their 
salvation.  In  1856,  the  first  Chinese  church  edifice 
in  America  was  built  for  the  Chinese  Baptist  church 
in  Sacramento,  Cal.,  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev. 


CHIPMAN 


C1IO WAN  FEMALE  INSTITUTE 


J.  Lewis  Shuck.  It  was  a  handsome  and  com 
modious  building,  and  was  one  of  the  attractions 
of  that  city  for  many  years,  and  was  given  a  place 
in  an  early  volume  of  illustrations  of  Sacramento. 
The  church  nourished  while  Mr.  Shuck  remained 
in  California.  A  mission  was  opened  in  San  Fran 
cisco  about  the  year  18C>9  under  the  supervision  of 
Rev.  John  Francis,  who  was  associated  with  Uov. 
Z.  L.  Simmons,  Rev.  Mr.  (!  raves,  and  finally  suc 
ceeded  by  llev.  Dr.  -J.  I>.  Ilartwoll.  Several  con 
verts  were  baptized  ami  became  members  of  the 
First  church,  San  Francisco.  '  Other  churches  held 
mission  schools,  and  were  rewarded  by  the  conver 
sion  and  baptism  of  numbers.  About  50  have  be-  | 
come  consistent  Christians.  The  first  Chinese  on- 
vert  baptized  by  Dr.  Francis  in  1805  was  1,'ong 
Gong,  lie  became  the  successful  Baptist  minister 
at  the  head  of  a  Chinese  mission  in  Portland,  Ore 
gon,  which  was  begun  about  the  year  1S74.  The 
first  Chinaman  to  receive  Christian  burial  in  Amer 
ica  was  Fan tc  Saung  Xam.  lie  died  as  a  missionary 
of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society 
in  San  Francisco.  A  marble  slab  in  the  Masonic 
Cemetery  records  the  fact,  l'  Here  rc.sts  the  first 
Christian  Chinaman  buried  in  America/' 

Chipman,  Prof.  Isaac,  was  born  in  Cornwallis. 
Nova  Scotia,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Waterville 
College,  now  Colby  University,  in  the  class  of  1*39. 
He  was  an  enthusiastic  student,  and  maintained  a 
hi^'h  rank  as  a  scholar.  In  January,  1840,  he  was 
appointed  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural 
Philosophy  in  Acadia  College.  In  his  ''Centenary 
of  the  Baptists  of  Nova  Scotia,''  1S(JO,  Dr.  Cramp 
says,  "Among  the  men  of  our  time  Prof.  Chipman 
holds  the  first  place.''  On  the  7th  of  June,  1852, 
in  company  with  some  friends,  he  was  returning  in 
a  boat  from  Cape  Blomiilon,  when  a  gale  overtook 
them,  the  boat  was  swamped,  and  all  on  board  were 
drowned,  except  one  boatman.  His  untimely  death 
produced  a  great  shock  in  the  community.  Dr. 
Cramp  alludes  to  it  as  •'  the  greatest  calamity  that 
ever  befell  Nova  Scotia  Baptists." 

Chipman,  Rev.  Thomas  Handley,  one  of  the 

founders  and  fathers  of  the  Baptist  denomination 
in  Xova  Scotia,  was  born  Jan.  17,  1  "">('>.  Ills  first 
religious  impressions  were  received  under  the  min- 
istrvof  the  celebrated  Henry  Alline  ;  was  baptized 
at  llorton,  1771),  by  Rev.  Nicholas  Pierson,  and  soon 
commenced  preaching;  was  ordained  in  1782.  The 
churches  to  which  he  ministered  Avere  mixed. — 
composed  of  Baptists  and  Pedobaptists.  Mr.  Chip- 
man,  however,  subsequently  became  clear  and  fixed 
in  liis  views  of  the  church  of  Christ  and  its  ordi 
nances,  and  his  ministry  proved  a  great  blessing  in 
Annapolis,  Yarmouth,  and  Queen's  Counties.  lie 
took  part  in  forming  the  Baptist  Association,  June 
23,  1800.  In  1809,  Mr.  Chipman  removed  from 
Bridgetown  to  Nictaux,  and  became  pastor  of  the 


Baptist  church  formed  there,  June  10,  1810,  and 
continued  his  labors  with  much  usefulness  till  his 
death,  Oct.  11,  1830.  Many  of  the  early  churches 
in  Nova  Scotia  were  open  in  their  communion,  but 
they  gave  up  the  practice  as  inexpedient  and  un- 
scriptural. 

Chipman,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Corn 
wallis,  Nova  Scotia,  Nov.  29,  1781.  lie  was  con 
verted  and  baptized  when  a  youth,  and  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Second  Cornwallis  Baptist  church  in 
1829.  He  died  July  14,  1865.  -Mr.  Chipman  was 
clerk  of  the  Baptist  Association  from  1838  to  1850. 
He  was  also  secretary  of  the  Educational  SocictA'. 
He  was  remarkable  for  his  sound  theological  views, 
and  for  his  piety  and  fidelity  in  the  performance  of 
his  duty. 

Chipman,  Hon.  William  Allen,  treasurer  of 

the  Xova  Scotia  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Board, 
was  born  Nov.  8,  175G  ;  was  a  merchant,  large  land 
owner,  and  justice  of  the  peace  in  Cornwallis,  Xova 
Scotia;  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Assembly 
for  over  twenty  years,  from  1799.  Died  ]84,». 

Chisholm,  Henry,  one  of  the  most  enterprising 
and  successful  business  men  of  Cleveland,  O.,  is 
of  Scotch  origin,  having  been  born  in  Lochgelly, 
Fifoshirc.  April  27,  1822.  When  he  Avas  ten  years 
old  his  father  died.  At  the  age  of  twelve  he  was 
apprenticed  to  a  carpenter,  and  served  five  years  in 
learning  the  trade,  after  which  lie  Avcnt  as  a  jour 
neyman  to  Glasgow. 

In  1842,  Mr.  Chisholm  came  to  America,  settling 
in  Montreal,  Canada.  He  soon  began  to  under 
take  work  on  his  own  account,  and  in  1850.  in 
partnership  with  a  friend,  took  a  contract  for 
building  at  Cleveland,  0.,  a  breakwater  for  the 
Cleveland  &  Pittsburgh  Railroad,  a  task  Avhich 
was  successfully  accomplished  in  three  years.  This 
Avas  succeeded  by  other  contracts.  Avhich  employed 
his  time  and  energies  until  he  turned  his  at 
tention  to  the  iron  business.  For  several  years 
he  has  been  president  of  the  Cleveland  Rolling 
Mill,  Avhich  has  large  and  important  branches  in 
Indiana  and  Illinois,  a  company  which  it  is  said 
supports  more  people  than  there  were  in  the  entire 
city  of  Cleveland,  when,  as  an  unknown  stranger, 
ho  came  to  it  years  ago. 

Mr.  Chisholm  is  a  valued  member  of  the  Euclid 
Avenue  Baptist  church  of  Cleveland,  and  is  in  full 
sympathy  Avitli  the  educational  and  religious  enter 
prises  of  the  day.  As  a  Christian  business  man 
he  stands  in  the  very  front  rank. 

Chowan  Female  Institute.— The  oldest  school 

for  girls  in  X'orth  Carolina,  next  to  the  Moravian 
school  at  Salem,  is  the  Chowan  Institute,  at  Mur- 
freesborough.  It  was  founded  in  1848,  by  the 
Chowan  Baptist  Association.  The  next  year  a 
contiguous  Association  in  Virginia,  the  Portsmouth, 
united  Avith  the  Chowan,  and  up  to  the  late  war 


CHOW  AN  FEMALE  INSTITUTE          219  CHOW  AN  FEMALK  INSTITUTE 


a  joint  board  of  trustees  from  the  two  bodies  man 
aged  the  affairs  of  the  seminary.  The  war,  which 
suspended  collections  and  destroyed  property  of  all 
kinds,  did  not  pay  debts  or  even  suspend  interest, 


and  for  ten  years  the  company  successfully  con 
ducted  the  school,  and  added  several  thousand  dol 
lars'  worth  of  improvements  to  the  establishment. 
Two  years  ago  the  stockholders  donate  the  prop- 


and  thus  it  happened  that  at  its  close  the  institute 
was  hopelessly  involved.  In  this  emergency  a 
joint-stock  company  was  formed,  the  institute  was 
bought  for  $3000,  its  debts,  to  the  amount  of 
$24,000,  were  assumed,  and  honorably  liquidated, 


erty  to  the  denomination  at  large,  and  it  is  n<,w  one 
of  the  few  female  schools  of  the  countrv  belonging 
exclusively  to  the  Baptists.  This  act  of  generosity 
was  so  remarkable  that  the  names  of  the  parties 
involved  are  regarded  as  worthy  to  be  preserved, 


c  ii  OWN 


and  are  as  follows:    W.  W.  Mitchell,  840!  10;   Mark 
(irogory,    SI 000  :    -John    Mitchell.    81000;    .).    W. 
Mitchell.  8:>00:    Mary  Mitchell.   Sf>00  ;   Miss    X.  S. 
Askew,  8,'tOO  :    A.  McDowell.  S.">IHI  ;    L.    D.   Spiers. 
S2.")0 ;    and   -I.    X.    Barnes,   82f>0:    which    sum    of   ] 
88.")00.  bearing  interest  for  ton   years  at  eight  per  j 
cent.,  makes  a  donation  to  the  cause  of  education  j 
of  over  SI."). I H HI. 

A.  McDowell.  D.D.,  then  just  out  of  college,  was 
its  first  president.  In  184D,  Rev.  M.  R.  Ferry,  of  ! 
Xew  York,  took  charge,  and  presided  over  the  in-  '. 
stituto  till  18.")4.  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Dr. 
'Win.  Hooper.  In  18"),").  Dr.  McDowell  again  be 
came  connected  with  the  school  as  co-principal 
with  Dr.  Hooper,  and  since  Dr.  Hooper's  with 
drawal,  in  181)2.  has  been  the  sole  principal  of  the 
institute.  Thousands  of  young  ladies  have  at 
tended  this  excellent  school,  and  it  is  earnestly 
to  be  hoped  that  as  it  has  been  the  cherished 
school  of  the  Baptists  in  Eastern  Xortli  Carolina 
for  so  many  years,  they  will  heartily  sustain  the 
movement,  recently  projected,  for  its  adequate  en 
dowment. 

Chowles,  John  Overton,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Bristol,  England,  Feb.  5,  1801,  of  parents  who  were 
Wesleyans.  lie  was  deprived  of  their  tender  care 
when  he  was  but  twelve  years  of  age.  and  came 
under  the  guardianship  of  his  uncle.  Henry  Over- 
ton  Wells,  Esq.,  a  wealthy  merchant  of  Bristol. 
When  a  little  more  than  eighteen  years  of  age  he 
became  a  subject  of  renewing  grace,  and  was  bap 
tized  by  Rev.  Dr.  Ryland,  and  received  into  the 
Broadmead  Baptist  church.  In  order  to  carry  on 
his  education  he  was  placed  with  Rev.  William 
Anderson,  under  whose  instructions  he  made  rapid 
progress.  In  1822,  he  entered  Bristol  College, 
under  the  charge  of  Dr.  Ryland.  to  pursue  his  the 
ological  studies.  He  came  to  Xew  York  in  1824, 
and  for  a  year  or  two  was  occupied  in  teaching  an 
academy  at  Red  Hook,  X.  Y.,  until  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Xew 
port.  R.  I.  He  was  ordained  Sept.  27,  1827.  Im 
mediate  success  followed  his  labors.  Fifty  persons 
were  baptized  during  the  year  which  succeeded  his 
ordination.  For  six  years  he  was  the  popular  pastor 
of  the  Xewport  church.  During  this  time  he  pre 
pared  for  the  press  two  or  three  books,  among 
them  his  ''History  of  Missions,''  in  two  quarto 
volumes,  a  work  commenced  by  Rev.  Thomas 
Smith,  of  England,  who  died  in  1830. 

Mr.  Chowles  resigned  his  pastorate  in  Xewport 
to  accept  a  call  to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Xew 
Bedford,  where  he  remained  for  throe  years,  and 
then  went  to  Buffalo,  X.  Y.  His  connection  with 
this  church  continued  four  years,  when  he  was  in 
vited  to  take  charge  of  the  Sixth  Street  Baptist 
church  in  Xew  York.  It  was  not  an  inviting  field 
of  labor,  and  the  hope  of  success  not  very  flatter- 


in  <r.  Amid  many  discouragements  he  toiled  on  for 
a  year  or  two,  but  no  human  power  could  save  the 
enterprise,  and  it  was  ultimately  abandoned.  In 
1S4;>,  he  was  called  to  the  church  of -Jamaica  Plain. 
near  Boston,  where  he  found  a  most  congenial  and 
happy  home.  While  acting  as  pastor  of  this  church 
he  found  time  to  prepare  for  the  press  his  edition 
of  "Xeal's  History  of  the  Puritans."  which  took 
a  high  place  in  the  literature  which  treated  of  the; 
character  and  the  work  of  those  heroic  men,  who  in 
an  age  of  great  dissoluteness  and  irreligion.  wrought 
such  a  moral  and  religious  change  in  England. 

The  connection  of  Dr.  Chowles  with  the  Jamaica 
church  closed,  in  1847.  in  consequence  of  an  urgent 
call  to  return  to  his  former  charge  in  Newport. 
During  his  second  residence  in  that  city  his  busy 
pen  prepared  for  the  press  several  volumes,  and 
was  constantly  employed  in  writing  for  the  period 
icals  of  the  day.  He  was  also  a  popular  lecturer. 
and  addressed  large  audiences  in  different  sections 
of  the  country  on  themes  both  interesting  and  in 
structive.  Me  lived  a  life  of  constant  activity. 
Indeed,  with  his  buoyancy  of  spirit  and  his  strong 
vital  energies,  and  social  tendencies,  he  could  not 
well  have  lived  any  other  life.  The  last  sermon  he 
preached  was  from  Kph.  v.  14  :  "  Awake  thou  that 
sleopest,  and  arise  from  the  dead,  and  Christ  shall 
yive  thee  light.''  He  left  his  homo  in  Xewport  for 
Xew  York,  intending  to  be  absent  but  a  few  days. 
lie  was  sei/.ed  with  a  sudden  illness  after  arriving 
in  Xew  York.  When  the;  assurance  came  to  him 
that  without  doubt  the  time  for  his  departure  was 
near,  he  said  to  his  weeping  friends.  "  I  had  not 
looked  for  this  :  if  it  had  been  the  Lord's  will  I 
would  have  liked  another  month  to  have  looked 
over  the  road  more  clearly  ;  but  it  does  not  matter 
after  all:  'twould  have  been  the  same  thing,  only 
simple  faith  in  Christ.  I  have  been  hurried  away 
through  life  by  a  tide  of  the  most  impulsive,  im 
petuous  nature,  perhaps,  that  ever  man  had  to  con 
tend  with."  Soon  after  he  said,  "  I  have  loved 
Christ:  I  have  preached  Christ  and  him  alone:  I 
have  loved  to  preach  Christ  and  him  crucified." 
These  were  among  his  last  words.  They  indicate 
that  he  well  knew  himself,  what  in  him  there  was 
that  was  frail  and  imperfect,  and  that  he  knew  also 
what  an  almighty  compassionate  Redeemer  he  had. 
To  that  Redeemer,  he  committed  himself  with  the 
simple  trust  of  a  little  child,  and  we  doubt  not  his 
faith  was  honored  and  he  entered  into  rest.  Dr. 
Chowles  died  Jan.  5,  1856. 

Chown,  Rev.  J.  P.,  the  widely-known  pastor  of 
Bloomsbury  chapel,  London.  England,  began  his 
ministry  in  the  neighborhood  of  Northampton, 
England,  about  1844.  In  1846,  he  resigned  the  pas 
torate  of  the  village  church,  to  which  he  had  been 
ordained,  and  entered  Horton  College.  Two  years 
after,  the  retirement  of  the  Rev.  T.  Pottenger  left 


CHRISTIAN 


221 


Sion  chapel,  Bradford,  without  a  pastor,  the  gifts  and 
high  promise  of  Mr.  Cho\vn  led  to  liis  being  engaged 
to  occupy  the  pulpit,  while  still  a  student,  and  even 
tually  to  his  becoming  pastor,  in  Juno,  1S4S.  His 


ministry  was  conspicuously  successful  from  the  first, 
and  the  membership  was  largely  increased.  In  ISO.'!, 
the  church  erected  a  new  building,  known  as  Hall- 
field  chapel,  and  dismissed  120  members  to  form  a 
new  church  there.  Mr.  Chown  remained  in  his  old 
field,  and  in  1873  a  new  edifice,  called  Sion  .Jubilee 
chapel,  was  erected  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
church  and  its  institutions,  as  a  thank-offering  for 
the  labors  and  successes  of  fifty  years.  Mr.  ( 'hown's 
public  work  on  behalf  of  benevolent  and  educational 
institutions  in  Bradford  received  emphatic  acknowl 
edgment  repeatedly,  one  of  the  most  interesting 
and  valuable  tokens  of  public  appreciation  being 
the  gift  of  his  residence,  which  was  presented  to 
him  on  his  return  from  a  visit  to  this  country.  He 
has  been  a  leader  of  the  temperance  movement  for 
many  years.  In  1X75,  h0  obeyed  what  seemed  to 
him  an  imperative  providential  call,  and  accepted 
the  pastorate  at  Bloomsbury  chapel,  London, 
where  his  ministry  is  eminently  successful.  Mr. 
Chown  is  endowed  with  a  fine  presence  and  a  mag 
nificent  voice,  and  his  platform  speeches,  as  well 
as  pulpit  services,  attract  large  audiences.  For 
his  earnestness  and  noble  simplicity  of  character, 
as  well  as  for  his  great  abilities,  he  is  held  in  the 
highest  esteem  by  the  churches. 

Christian,  Judge  Joseph,  LL.D.,  eldest  son  of 
Dr.  R.  A.  Christian,  was  born  at  Ilewick,  Middle 
sex  Co.,  Va.,  July  10.  1828.  While  still  a  boy  he 


gave  promise  of  distinction.     He  pursued  his  aca 
demic  studies  for  a  while  in  Kichmond,  but  chiefly 
at  the  Columbian  College,  where  he  graduated  with 
honor  in  1S47.     In  ISoii,  he  received  the  degree  of 
A.M.      Having  studied   law  in   his   father's  neigh 
borhood,  with   the  late  John   I).  McGill.  Esq.,  and 
afterwards   in    Staunton.   Va.,  be   established   him 
self  in  practice,  immediately  after  his  admission  to 
the  bar,  in  his  native  county  of  Middlesex,  and  soon 
became  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  and   advocates 
in  that  part  of  the  State.     He  was  also,  both  before 
and  after  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  sent  to  the 
senate  of  Virginia,  from  the  counties  of  Matthews 
and  Middlesex,  and  in  this  body  he  gained  the  repu 
tation  of  one  of  its  very  best  debaters.      Soon  after 
the  close  of  the  war  he  was  made  judge  of  the  sixth 
judicial  district  of  Virginia,  which  responsible  office 
he  filled  for  years  with  such  distinguished  ability  that 
he  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Appeals,  a  position  which  he  has  held  for  some  nine 
years,  with  like  honor  to  himself  and  to  the  judicial 
department  of  the  State  government.      In  the  last 
election    for  a   U.   S.  senator  for  Virginia,  he  was, 
at  no  solicitation  of  his  own,  one  of  the  prominent 
candidates  for  that  position  ;  and   we   understand 
that  his  name  was  ulso  conspicuous  on  the   list  of 
those   Southern  jurists  who  were   strongly  recom 
mended  to  the  President  for  the  lately  vacant  seat 
on  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the    United 
States.     Xo  man.  perhaps,  of  his  years,  in  Virginia, 


JUDGE    JOSEPH    CHRISTIAN,     I.I..D. 

has  a  higher  judicial  reputation.  The  deliberative 
assembly,  however,  on  account  of  his  rare  gifts  as 
an  orator,  would,  perhaps,  exhibit  his  talents  in  a 


CHRISTIAN 


CHURCH 


more  striking  light.  As  a  gentleman,  be  is  dis 
tinguished  for  his  urbanity  and  fine  social  qualities. 
Judge  Christian  was  baptized  by  his  father  soon 
after  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  the  law,  and 
united  witli  OIK;  of  his  churches.  lie  is  now  con 
nected  with  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Rich 
mond,  of  which  the  Rev.  Dr.  McDonald  is  pastor. 
The  Columbian  College  conferred  upon  him,  in  1872, 
the  degree  of  LL.U. 

Christian,  Rev.  J.  T.,  a  prominent  young  min 
ister  of  Columbus  Association,  Miss.,  was  born  in 
Kentucky  in  18f)4;  began  to  preach  in  1874;  grad 
uated  at  Bethel  College.  Ky.,  in  1876;  became 
pastor  at  Tupelo,  Miss.,  in  1877,  and  .supplied 
Verona  at  the  same  time  ;  after  two  years  he  re 
moved  to  West  Point  and  engaged  in  his  present 
work.  At  the  last  commencement  at  Bethel  College 
he  received  the  degree  of  A.M. 

Christian  Review  and  Home  Monthly,  a  re 
ligious  periodical  published  at  Texarkana,  Ark.,  by 
J/F.  Shaw  &  Sons,  and  edited  by  Rev.  J.  F.  Shaw 
and  Mrs.  Viola  Jackson.  It  takes  the  place  of  the 
Buptist  Index,  published  at  the  same  place,  which 
is  discontinued.  Mr.  Shaw  is  fast  gaining  reputa 
tion  as  a  vigorous  writer,  and  Mrs.  Jackson  is  well 
known  in  the  South,  having  been  connected  with 
Mavfield's  H<ipp>/  Home  and  Ford's  C/trintian  De 
positor!/.  The  first  number  was  issued  August, 
1880,  and  is  well  filled  with  excellent  original  and 
selected  matter.  It  meets  a  want  in  the  Baptist 
literature  of  the  Southwest. 

Christian,  Rev.  Richard  Allen,  M.D.,  was 

born  in  Charles  City  Co.,  Va.,  July  27,  1798.     At 
the  age  of  about  twenty-one  years  he  graduated  as 
Doctor  of  Medicine  at  the  University  of  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  immediately  began   the  practice  of 
profession  at  Urbana,  Middlesex  Co..  Va.     In  1838, 
he   made   a  public   profession   of   faith   in    Christ, 
became  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Clark'* 
Neck,   and   soon   afterwards  was   ordained   to  the 
ministry.      Still  continuing  in  the  practice  of  med 
icine,  he  did  not  for  some  years  assume  any  pastora 
charge,  although  he  preached  regularly  on  the  Sab 
bath    in   the   neighboring  churches.       At  a  latei 
period  he  became  pastor  of  Clark's  Neck  and  Ham 
ilton  churches  (and  for  a  time,  also,  Zoarand  Glebe 
Landing  churches),  and  he  held  this  relation  unti 
his  failing  health  compelled  him,  two  or  three  year.- 
before  his  death,  to  relinquish  it,     After  repeate 
strokes   of  paralysis,   he  died   May  8,   1862.      Dr 
Christian  was  deservedly  one  of  the  most  influen 
tial  and  popular  men,  not  only  of  the  county,  bu 
also  of  the  region   in  which   he  lived.     His  min< 
was  strong  and  active,  his  person  large  and  impos 
ing,  and  his  manners  polished  and  winning.     As 
neighbor,  he  was  kind  and  charitable  in  the  highes 
degree,  and  ever  sought  the   things  that  make  fo 
peace.     As  a  citizen,  he  was  characterized  by  th 


trictest  integrity,  and  by  a  decided  talent  for  the 
management  of  public  business.     As  a  physician, 

ic  was  eminently  skillful,  attentive,  and  tender- 
learted,  and  by  these  qualities  he  secured  and  re- 
ained  the  largest  practice  in  his  county,  which, 
lowever,  after  the  period  of  middle  life,  he  grad- 
lally  relinquished  for  the  purpose  of  devoting  his 
mergies  to  the  Christian  ministry.  Although  Dr. 
Christian  was  some  forty  years  of  age  before  he 
"iitered  the  ministry,  and  although  for  several 
vears  after  his  ordination  he  was  laboriously  en 
gaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine,  yet  he  became 
in  able  and  instructive  preacher.  His  sermons 
were  well  arranged,  abounded  in  apt  illustrations, 
were  filled  with  the  very  spirit  of  the  gospel,  and 
were  uniformly  earnest,  and  sometimes  powerful. 
His  ministry,  although  comparatively  brief,  resulted 
in  the  edification  of  the  churches  which  he  served, 
and  in  numerous  conversions.  His  talents  were 
held  in  high  estimation,  and  for  a  long  time  to 
•ome  no  name  in  the  district  of  Virginia  to  which 
his  labors  were  confined,  will  be  pronounced  with 
rcater  reverence  than  that  of  Dr.  Richard  A. 
Christian. 

Christian,  William  Steptoe,  M.D.,  second  son 

of  Dr.  11.  A.  Christian,  was  born  at  llewick,  Mid 
dlesex  Co.,  Va.,  Dec.  20,  IS.'JO.  He  prepared  for 
college  at  the  schools  in  the  neighborhood,  and  en 
tered  the  Columbian  College,  where  lie  graduated 
with  the  degree  of  A.B.  in  1848.  Having  studied 
medicine  with  his  father,  and  afterwards  at  the 
Jefferson  Medical  College  of  Philadelphia,  he  grad 
uated  there  in  18f)l,  and  immediately  entered  upon 
the  labors  of  his  profession  in  his  native  county, 
where  he  still  resides,  occupied  with  the  duties  of 
a  very  extensive  practice.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
war  he  entered  the  Confederate  service  as  a  captain 
of  infantry,  was  soon  made  colonel,  was  captured 
in  the  retreat  from  Gettysburg,  was  for  many 
months  prisoner  (during  most  of  the  time  at  John 
son's  Island),  and  was  several  times  severely 
wounded  in  battle.  He  was  a  gallant  and  exceed 
ingly  popular  officer.  Dr.  Christian  is  held  in  the 
highest  respect  by  all  who  know  him  for  the  various 
qualities  that  most  adorn  the  man.  the  neighbor, 
and  the  citizen.  He  is  a  physician  of  rare  intelli 
gence  and  skill.  For  several  years  past  he  has  been 
a  leading  member  of  the  temperance  organization 
known  as  the  Good  Templars,  and  has  repeatedly 
been  elected  grand  worthy  chief,  the  highest  officer 
of  the  order  in  the  State.  As  a  speaker  he  is  im 
pressive  and  eloquent.  At  the  age  of  about  sixteen 
years  he  was  baptized  by  his  father,  and  united 
with  the  Clark's  Neck  Baptist  church,  of  which  ho 
is  still  a  most  active  and  useful  member,  having 
served  for  many  years  most  efficiently  as  teacher 
or  superintendent  of  the  Sabbath-school. 

Church,  A  True  Gospel.— The  fabric  in  which 


CHURCH 


the  worship  of  God  is  celebrated  is  not  a  church  ; 
the  clergy  are  not  the  church.  The  Baptist  Con 
fession  of  1611,  in  Articles  X.  and  XIII.,  says, — - 

"  The  church  of  Christ  is  a  company  of  faithful 
people,  separated  from  the  world  by  the  word  and 
Spirit  of  God,  being  knit  unto  the  Lord,  and  one 
to  another  by  baptism,  upon  their  own  confession 
of  the  faith  and  sins.''  "Every  church  is  to  receive 
in  all  their  members  by  baptism,  upon  the  confes 
sion  of  their  faith  and  sins,  wrought  by  the  preach 
ing  of  the  gospel,  according  to  the  primitive  insti 
tution  and  practice.7'  The  Confession  of  1646 
says,  "  The  church  is  a  company  of  visible  saints, 
called  and  separated  from  the  world  by  the 
word  and  Spirit  of  God  to  the  visible  profession 
of  the  faith  of  the  gospel,  being  baptized  into 
that  faith  and  joined  to  the  Lord,  and  each  to 
other  by  mutual  agreement  in  the  practical  enjoy 
ment  of  the  ordinances  commanded  by  Christ,  their 
head  and  king."— Article  XXXIII.  ''Hie  Philadel 
phia  Confession  of  Faith  says,  "  The  members  of 
these  churches  are  saints  by  calling,  visibly  mani 
festing  and  evidencing,  in  and  by  their  profession 
and  walking,  their  obedience  unto  that  call  of 
Christ,  and  do  willingly  consent  to  walk  together 
according  to  the  appointment  of  Christ,  giving  up 
themselves  to  the  Lord  and  one  to  another,  by  the 
will  of  God,  in  professed  subjection  to  the  ordi 
nances  of  the  gospel." — Article  XXVII. 

Church,  Rev.  Leroy,  was  born  in  Western  Xew 
York,  Jan.  8,  LSI 3.  lie  was  baptized  in  Lake  On 
tario  in  1832.  His  studies  preparatory  to  the  min 
istry  were  pursued  at  Hamilton,  where  he  entered 
in  the  fall  of  1834,  graduating  in  1839  from  the 
college,  and  from  the  seminary  in  1841.  His  first 
pastorate  was  at  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  where  he 
entered  upon  service  in  September  of  1841,  being 
ordained  in  November  of  the  same  year.  On  the 
first  Sabbath  of  the  December  following  he  baptized 
his  first  convert,  a  young  man  led  to  Christ  by  a 
few  words  addressed  to  him  in  the  shop  where  he 
was  at  work.  During  the  three  years  of  this  pas 
torate  at  Schenectady  about  100  were  added  to  the 
church  by  baptism.  Mr.  Church  became  pastor  of 
the  church  at  Hudson,  N.  Y..  in  the  fall  of  184"), 
holding  this  important  position  until  the  fall  of 
1853,  when  he  removed  to  Chicago,  having  pur 
chased  the  Christian  Times,  now  the  Standard, 
with  which  paper  he  remained  connected  as  senior 
proprietor  and  associate  editor  until  1875,  when  he 
disposed  of  his  interest  to  Dr.  J.  S.  Dickerson.  This 
period  of  twenty-two  years  in  Baptist  journalism 
brought  him  into  active  and  influential  relations 
with  a  variety  of  Western  interests,  and  his  service 
in  that  connection  was  active,  judicious,  and  effec 
tive.  He  wrote  largely  and  well  for  the  columns 
of  the  paper,  while  in  connection  with  its  financial 
administration,  and  in  representing  it  in  various 


parts  of  its  wide  field,  his  good  judgment  and  tact 
and  knowledge  of  men  were  elements  of  high  effi 
ciency. 

The  Church  family,  to  whom  belong  also  Dr. 
Pharcellus  Church  and  Rev.  Yolncy  Church,  came 
from  England  in  1030  and  settled  at  Plymouth, 
Mass.  A  deed  is  preserved  in  the  museum  at  Plym 
outh  conveying  a  tract  of  land  to  Benjamin  Church 
in  the  precinct  now  known  as  Marshlield,  where 
Daniel  Webster  had  his  home.  A  branch  of  the 
family  subsequently  settled  in  Rhode  Island.  Capt. 
Church,  belonging  to  this  branch,  has  a  marked 
record  in  the  early  Indian  wars  as  the  antagonist 
of  King  Philip.  The  father  of  Rev.  Lcroy 
Church  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution. 

Church  Meeting's  are  composed  exclusively  of 
members,  and  are  convened  to  receive  additions  by 
letter,  to  grant  letters  of  dismission,  to  try  fallen 
brethren,  to  order  letters  to  Associations  and  other 
bodies,  to  elect  pastors,  and  to  perform  other  church 
work. 

The  pastor  presides  almost  universally,  and  this 
position  is  generally  accorded  to  him  in  virtue  of 
his  office,  but  in  a  few  instances  it  is  given  to  him 
by  election  at  each  meeting.  There  is  a  clerk  at 
every  church  meeting,  who  keeps  a  correct  record 
of  all  its  proceedings.  The  church  meeting  is  gov 
erned  by  parliamentary  law. 

In  the  groat  majority  of  our  churches  each  mem 
ber  has  a  vote,  irrespective  of  age,  sex,  or  the 
length  or  brevity  of  membership.  The  writer 
has,  however,  known  one  or  two  cases  where  there 
was  an  age  qualification  to  prevent  the  very  young 
from  controlling  the  church.  In  the  church  meet 
ing  the  pastor  has  the  right  of  voting,  and  he  has 
an  influence  according  to  the  measure  of  his  wis 
dom  and  piety.  Beyond  these  he  has  no  oilier 
privileges,  and  he  ought  to  have  none. 

In  large  cities  church  meetings  are  generally  held 
once  a  month,  or  once  in  three  months,  and  they 
are  summoned  for  a  week-night.  Special  meetings 
are  called  by  the  pastor,  or  by  a  paper  signed  by 
a  few  brethren,  five  or  seven,  and  read  from  the 
desk. 

Church  of  God. — This  community,  sometimes 
called  Winebrennarians,  claims  precedence  of  all 
religious  bodies  in  its  origin.  Jesus  Christ  is 
claimed  as  founder.  The  name,  it  is  declared,  is 
the  only  one  justified  by  divine  authority.  Gal.  i. 
13;  1  Tim.  iii.  15.  This  denomination  started  into 
life  in  connection  with  extensive  revivals  of  religion 
enjoyed  in  and  around  Ilarrishurg  soon  after  the 
settlement  of  the  Rev.  John  Winebrenner  in  that 
city,  in  1820.  These  revivals  were  renewed  and 
far  more  widely  extended  in  1825  ;  out  of  the  con 
verts  churches  were  organized,  and  converts  were 
called  into  the  ministry.  In  October,  1830,  the 
representatives  of  these  churches  met  in  Harris- 


CHURCH 


CHURCH 


burg,  iitnl  formally  set  up  the  denomination  culled 
the  "Church  nf  God."  the  original  representative 
of  which  was  established  )>y  the  Saviour. 

The  doctrines  of  the  Church  of  (!od  differ  from 
Regular  Baptists  only  in  the  following  points: 
free  will  is  accepted,  election  is  denounced,  ('(Hit- 
washing  is  practiced,  the  Lord's  Supper  is  observed 
always  in  tin;  evening.  It  is  likely  that  tin;  "  final 
perseverance  of  the  saints"  is  rejected  by  this  com 
munity,  though  in  their  doctrinal  articles  this  is 
not  stated.  In  other  respects  the  crccil  of  the 
Church  of  (iod  is  a  Baptist  Confession  of  Faith. 

The  government  of  this  community  is  not  Bap- 
tistical  :  the  preacher  in  charge  of  a  church  and  a 
competent  number  of  elders  and  deacons  constitute 
the  church  council,  which  admits  and  excludes 
members.  The  Annual  KIdership  is  very  much 
like  a  Methodist  Annual  Conference,  with  laymen 
among  its  members.  Every  three  years  a  General 
Eldership  convened  for  the  first  twenty  years,  after 
which  it  was  to  assemble  every  five  years.  This 
bodv  is  composed  of  delegates  from  the  Annual 
Elderships,  and  it  has  powers  very  like  those  of  a 
General  Conference  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 

Kvory  minister  in  the  Church  of  God  in  good 
standing  must  have  a  license,  and  this  license  must 
be  renewed  annually  by  his  KIdership.  No  minis 
ter  is  allowed  to  remain  longer  than  three  years  in 
one  station,  and  generally  not  more  than  one  or 
two.  The  doctrinal  articles,  with  the  exceptions 
named,  agree  with  the  opinions  of  Baptists  ;  the 
church  polity  resembles  the  Methodist. 

The  writer  Avas  unable  to  obtain  exact  statistics 
of  the  Church  of  God,  but  he  procured  something 
near  the  figures.  They  have  about  500  ministers, 
1200  churches,  and  20,000  members. 

The  members  of  the  Church  of  God  live  chiefly 
in  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan, 
and  Iowa. 

Church,  Pharcellus,  D.D.,  was  born  Sept.  11, 
180.1,  near  Geneva,  N.  Y.  lie  spent  the  most  of 
his  first  ten  years  of  life  at  what  is  now  called 
llopewell  Centre,  five  miles  from  Canandaigua.  At 
eleven  years  of  age  his  home  was  changed  to  the 
shores  of  Lake  Ontario,  at  that  time  without  reli 
gions  privileges.  Ilis  Sabbaths  were  spent  in  the 
rough  sort  of  life  peculiar  to  the  wilderness  of  a 
new  country.  In  the  midst  of  his  rude  sports  a 
respect  for  religion,  instilled  in  his  mind  earl}'  in 
life  by  a  tender,  loving  mother,  asserted  itself,  and 
led  him  to  follow  her  counsel  and  study  the  Divirie 
Word.  While  thus  engaged  as  a  matter  of  filial 
duty,  and  obeying  the  outward  forms  of  religion. 
he  was  deeply  affected  by  portions  of  the  Gospel  of 
John.  These  impressions  led  to  his  conversion  at 
thirteen  and  a  half  years  of  age.  He  attended  no 
church  and  heard  no  domestic  or  sanctuary  worship, 
and  yet  enjoyed  communion  with  God,  which  was 


greatly  increased  by  an  open  confession  to  his  pious 
mother.  Soon  after  this  event,  a  Baptist  church 
was  formed  in  the  vicinity,  and  in  Juno.  1810,  he 
was  immersed  upon  profession  of  his  faith.  He 
became  immediately  more  or  less  active  in  social 
meetings,  and  at  the  age  of  seventeen  he  felt  called 
to  the  Christian  ministry. 

Through  the  influence  of  friends  he  devoted  him 
self  to  study,  and  finally  took  a  classical  and  theo 
logical  course  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.  lie  was  first 
settled  as  pastor  at  Poultney,  Vt..  where  he  was 
ordained  in  .June.  1825,  and  where  he  remained 
until  1828.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Conant,  daughter  of  Deacon  John  Conant,  of 
Brandon,  and  in  the  fall  of  that  year  became  pastor 
of  what  is  now  the  Central  Baptist  church  of  Provi- 


PHARCELLUS    (  IIUKCII.    D.D. 

donee.  11.  I.  He  spent  the  winter  of  ]8.'U-85  in 
Now  Orleans,  and  while  there  wrote  "  Philosophy 
of  Benevolence,"  published  in  New  York  in  1S36. 
Upon  his  return  to  the  North  he  located  with  the 
church  at  llochester.  From  thence  he  removed, 
in  1848,  to  accept  the  pastorate  of  Bowdoin  Square 
Baptist  church,  Boston.  This  position  he  left  on 
account  of  sickness.  In  1855  he  became  editor  of 
the  New  York  Chronicle,  in  which  service  lie  re 
mained  ten  years.  Since  1865  he  has  spent  the 
time  partly  in  Europe,  making  the  original  Scrip 
tures  a  principal  study,  preaching  occasionally, 
and  writing  for  the  press.  Ilis  home  has  been  at 
Tarrytown  for  the  last  eight  years. 

An  offer  of  a  premium  for  a  work  on  religious 
discussions  being  made  in  the  summer  of  1836,  he 
wrote  a  book  on  that  subject  of  400  or  500  12mo 


CHURCHES 


225 


CLARK 


pages,  whici  ~  cS  published  in  1837.  The  revival 
interest  among  his  people  in  Rochester  turned  his 
attention  to  the  subject  of  spiritual  power,  and  he 
published  in  1842  a  work  entitled  "  Antioch,  or 
the  Increase  of  Moral  Power  in  the  Church,"  which 
contained  an  able  introduction  by  Dr.  Stow,  of 
Boston.  Another  publication  of  a  like  character, 
in  1S43,  entitled  "  Pentecost/'  being  the  substance 
of  a  sermon  preached  at  Albany  before  the  Foreign 
Mission  Board  in  the  spring  of  that  year,  was 
printed  by  request.  In  Boston,  he  compiled  "  Me 
moirs  of  Mrs.  Theodosia  Dean,"  which  was  pub 
lished  in  that  city  about  1851,  and  is  now  included 
in  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society's  lists. 
While  in  Canada  he  wrote  "  Mapleton,  or  more 
Work  for  the  Maine  Law,''  a  temperance  tale;  and 
while  in  Bonn,  on  the  Rhine,  lie  wrote  "  Sad 
Truths,''  a  work  embodying  a  good  deal  of  thought 
on  Bible  subjects,  which  was  published  in  Edin 
burgh  and  in  New  York.  Dr.  Church  has  written 
largely  for  reviews  and  other  periodicals,  and  is 
still  engaged  in  the  same  service. 

Dr.  Church  is  a  grand  old  man,  with  a  noble  in 
tellect,  a  great  heart,  splendid  culture,  an  unsullied 
record,  and  a  saintly  piety,  one  of  those  men  whom 
we  would  keep  forever  in  the  church  on  earth,  and 
whom  we  would  endow  with  undying  vigor,  if  his 
state  and  place  were  in  our  charge. 

Churches,  English  Baptist— According  to  Or 
chard  there  were  in  England  in  1771,  251  Baptist 
churches;  in  17(.»4,  379:  in  1811.  537;  and  in  1820 
there  were  (>20.  Bogue  and  Hennet  give  a  list  of 
708  Baptist  churches  in  England  and  Wales  in 
1808.  In  18SO,  there  were  2t'>20  churches,  3354 
meeting-houses,  21)9,836  members,  and  372,242 
Sunday-school  scholars  belonging  to  our  denomi 
nation  in  the  British  Islands.  How  many  persons 
there  were  in  1880,  with  Baptist  principles,  not  a 
few  of  whom  were  actually  immersed,  in  the  mem 
bership  of  Pedobaptist  churches  in  Great  Britain, 
we  have  no  means  of  finding  out.  Their  number, 
however,  may  be  regarded  as  very  large.  By  the 
unscriptural  teachings  of  "  open  communion"  they 
have  been  foolishly  led  to  suppose  that  baptism 
was  of  too  little  importance  to  disturb  their  eccle 
siastical  relations.  The  principal  effect  of  open 
communion  is  not  to  bring  Pedobaptists  to  the 
Lord's  table  in  Baptist  churches,  but  to  keep  men 
holding  Baptist  principles  in  Pedobaptist  commu 
nities. 

Churches,  One  Minister  Pastor  of  many.— 

In  reading  the  sketches  of  ministers  in  this  volume  it 
will  appear  as  if  some  of  them  were  given  to  many 
changes  in  their  pastoral  relations.  There  are  two 
considerations  to  be  kept  in  view  in  reflecting  upon 
such  cases.  The  first  is,  that  in  large  sections  of 
our  country,  especially  in  the  South,  one  minister 
is  frequently  pastor  of  four  or  more  churches  at  the 


same  time.  If  he  changes  his  field  of  labor  four  times 
in  his  life,  he  has  been  pastor  of  sixteen  chui-ches, 
while  in  one  of  our  cities  the  same  man  would 
only  have  ministered  to  four.  The  second  is,  that 
a  small  number  of  our  ministers  are  of  an  impulsive, 
and  of  a  revival  order,  as  many  commonly  use  the 
word  revival  ;  and  alter  a  brief  settlement,  and  con 
siderable  success,  they  are  anxious  for  the  special 
harvests  which  they  commonly  reap  in  new  fields  ; 
and  their  removals  are  frequent  for  this  reason. 
Generally  our  ministers  have  comparatively  long 
settlements  ;  and  this  practice  is  growing  rapidly 
among  us. 

Citations. — When  a  member  of  a  Baptist  church 
has  sinned  grievously  against  his  Master,  and  when 
the  remonstrances  of  his  brethren  fail  to  bring  him 
to  repentance,  our  last  resort  is  excommunication. 
Previous  to  this  sorrowful  act  a  notification,  or 
citation,  as  it  is  called,  is  sent  to  the  offender  in 
viting  him  to  attend  the  church  meeting  to  be  held 
at  a  time  and  place  mentioned,  to  show  cause  why 
he  should  not  be  excluded  from  the  rights  and 
privileges  of  the  church  of  which  he  is  a  member. 
If  he  accepts  the  invitation  he  has  every  opportu 
nity  to  defend  himself,  or  to  confess  his  sin  and 
sorrow,  and  thereby  avert  the  impending  expulsion. 

To  send  a  citation  is  the  uniform  law  of  all  Bap 
tist  churches  when  the  residence  of  the  accused 
can  be  found,  except  in  a  small  number  of  cases, 
such  as  sexual  crimes  or  murders,  when  no  amount 
of  repentance  would  justify  retention  in  church 
membership,  and  the  testimony  against  the  accused 
is  overwhelming. 

Clark,  Rev.  Albion  B.,  was  born  in  New  Sharon, 
Me.,  March  24,  1S26.  He  prepared  for  college  at 
the  Farmington  and  Waterville  Academies,  and 
graduated  at  Waterville  College  in  1854.  For  three 
years  he  Avas  the  principal  of  the  academy  at  Shel- 
bourne  Falls,  Mass.,  and  in  1854  he  entered  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution,  where  he  took  the 
full  three  years'  course  of  study.  lie  was  ordained 
Sept.  12.  1855,  and  \vas  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Skowhegan,  Me.,  for  three  years. — 1855-58.  He 
became  an  agent  of  the  American  Baptist  Publica 
tion  Society,  and  continued  in  the  employ  of  the 
society  for  four  years. — 1859-03.  He  died  at  Skow 
hegan.  Sept.  9,  1805. 

Clark,  Rev.  Andrew,  of  Bishop  Creek,  Cal..  a 

self-denying  and  faithful  pastor,  is  the  only  Baptist 
preacher  east  of  the  Sierra  range,  his  preaching 
stations  extending  nearly  100  miles  north  and  south, 
lie  Avas  born  in  Alleghany  Co..  Pa.,  July  14,  1832  ; 
baptized  in  1852  at  Marshall,  Iowa;  married  at 
tAventy-two  to  Miss  Rachel  L.  Sehern,  a  Presbyte 
rian.  Avho  with  all  her  family  became  Baptists.  He 
served  in  the  U.  S.  army  ;  Avas  induced  by  his 
father  to  go  to  California  just  after  his  ordination 
at  Red  Oak,  loAva,  in  1807  ;  located  at  Bishop  Creek, 


CLARK 


226 


CLARK 


where  he  has  built  a  house  (if  worship,  and  is  doing 
a  good  work  for  Christ.  Twice  he  has  traveled 
1500  miles  (once  witli  his  wife)  over  the  mountains 
to  attend  the  Association. 

Clark,  Rev.  Edward  W.,  was  born  in  the  town 
of  Xorth-I-kst.  Dutches*  Co.,  X.  Y.,  Feb.  25,  1830. 
lie  was  converted  and  called  to  the  ministry  in 
early  life.  Tie  graduated  from  Brown  University 
in  1857,  and  from  Rochester  Theological  Seminary 
in  1859.  lie  was  pastor  in  Logansport,  Ind.,  from 
1S59  to  1SI')1.  Ho  was  editor  and  publisher  of  the 
Witness,  Indianapolis,  from  18(>L  to  18(17.  He  was 
appointed  missionary  to  Sibsagor,  and  sailed  in 
October,  1868.  lie  took  charge  of  missionary 
printing,  and  assisted  in  other  missionary  work  for 
five  years,  when  he  became  deeply  interested  in  the 
people  of  the  Xaga  Hills.  lie  made  a  visit  to  one 
of  the  tribes,  and  was  afterwards  appointed  mis 
sionary  to  the  Xagas.  His  wife,  Mrs.  Mary  M. 
Clark,  helps  him  in  his  missionary  work.  She 
returned  to  this  country  in  1873,  and  stayed  three 
years.  She  spent  much  of  the  time  in  forming 
missionary  circles  among  Baptist  women. 

Clark,  George  Whitfield,  D.D.,  was  born  at 
South  Orange.  N.  J.,  Feb.  15,  1831.  He  was  con 
verted  and  baptized  when  twelve  years  old  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  Northfiold  Baptist  church.  lie 
graduated  at  Amherst  College  in  1853,  and  com 
pleted  his  theological  course  at  Rochester  in  1855. 
lie  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  at  Xcw 
Market.  Oct.  3,  1855.  In  June,  1859,  he  became 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Elizabeth, 
and  continued  there  until  1808,  when  he  went  to 
tin;  church  at  Ballston,  X.  Y.,  from  which  he  re 
moved  to  Somerville,  X.  J.,  Sept.  1,  1873.  In  1872 
Rochester  University  conferred  upon  him  the  de 
gree  of  D.D.  Dr.  Clark  has  been  a  close  and 
thorough  student.  His  notes  on  the  gospels  and 
"New  Harmony  of  the  Gospels"  are  thorough, 
sound,  and  popular.  They  have  been  extensively 
used.  Close  and  continuous  study  brought  on  a 
failure  in  health  that  induced  a  resignation  of  his 
prosperous  pastorate  in  Somerville  in  1877.  He  is 
so  far  restored  that  further  work  on  the  New  Tes 
tament  is  contemplated.  He  has  contributed  a 
number  of  articles  to  the  quarterlies. 

Clark,  Rev.  Henry,  was  born  Xov.  12,  1810, 
at  Canterbury,  Windham  Co.,  Conn.:  was  educated 
at  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution; 
ordained  June  13,  1834,  at  Seekonk,  Mass.,  where 
he  had  his  first  pastorate.  Subsequently  served  as 
pastor  at  Tan n ton  two  and  a  half  years,  Canton 
two  years,  Randolph  five  years,  Cheshire  six  years. 
These  pastorates  were  all  in  Massachusetts.  Mr. 
Clark  came  to  Wisconsin  in  1869,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  He  was  pastor  at  Kenosha  five 
years,  Pewaukee  two  years,  and  he  has  been  settled 
over  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Oshkosh,  where 


he  now  resides,  about  one  year.  Mr.  Clark  is  a 
Baptist  preacher  of  the  old-fashioned  Xew  England 
type,  sound  in  the  faith,  plain  and  direct  in  his 
style,  always  bringing  to  the  cause  of  the  church 
and  of  Christ  an  undivided  devotion,  able  and  ready 
to  speak  at  all  times,  and  to  fight  (if  needful)  in 
defense  of  the  old  Baptist  faith,  rather  than  abandon 
a  hair's  breadth  of  the  principles  of  the  church  of 
which  he  is  a  member  and  minister.  His  spirit 
has  been  made  meek  and  gentle  in  the  furnace  of 
affliction.  All  his  family  except  his  wife — two 
sons  and  five  daughters — have  preceded  him  to  the 
land  of  rest.  lie  is  passing  the  evening  of  his  life 
in  preaching  Christ  in  one  of  the;  most  beautiful 
cities  of  Wisconsin. 

Clark,  Ichabod,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Franklin 
Co.,  Mass.,  Oct.  30,  1802,  and  died  at  Loekport, 
111.,  April  14,  1869,  after  an  active  and  useful 
ministry  of  forty-seven  years.  His  conversion 
took  place  when  he  was  about  fourteen  years  of 
age.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  was  licensed  to 
preach  by  the  Baptist  church  of  Trnxton,  X.  Y. ; 
ordained  at  Scipio,  XT.  Y.,  in  1823.  His  pastorates 
in  New  York  were  at  Loekport.  Lagrange,  Batavia, 
Le  Roy,  Brockport,  and  Nunda.  In  1848  he  ac 
cepted  an  appointment  from  the  Xew  York  State 
Convention  as  missionary  at  Galena,  111.  He  thus 
became  identified  with  the  denomination  in  that 
State,  and  for  the  most  part  remained  so  until  his 
death.  His  next  pastorate  after  that  at  Galena  w;is 
at  Rockford,  where  he  labored  several  years  with 
signal  success.  Midway  in  this  pastorate  he  en 
gaged  for  a  year  as  superintendent  of  missions  of 
the  General  Association  of  the  State,  the  church 
giving  him  leave  of  absence  for  this  purpose,  and 
supplying  the  pulpit  meanwhile.  At  the  end  of  the 
year  he  resumed  his  work  at  Rockford.  and  contin 
ued  it  until  1860.  During  his  labors  there  453 
were  added  to  the  church.  211  by  baptism.  Five 
years  in  a  pastorate  at  Le  Roy,  N.  Y.,  one  year  in 
renewed  service  as  superintendent  of  missions  in 
Illinois,  a  brief  service  at  Loekport  as  pastor,  and 
his  active,  wise,  and  efficient  ministry  was  finished. 

Clark,  Rev.  James  A.,  Professor  of  the  Latin 
Language  in  Kalama/,o;>  College,  Mich.,  was  born 
in  Pittsfield,  Mass. .in  1827,  and  died  in  Kalama/.oo 
in  August,  1869.  He  was  in  early  life  converted 
and  began  preparation  for  the  work  of  the  ministry. 
He  graduated  from  Williams  College  in  1853,  and 
after  teaching  a  year  studied  at  Xewton,  where  he 
finished  the  usual  course  in  1857.  Soon  after  he 
became  pastor  at  Adrian,  Mich.,  and  subsequently 
at  Fairfield.  From  the  latter  place  he  was  called 
to  the  professorship  in  Kalamazoo  College,  but 
during  his  residence  there  he  served  the  college  as 
financial  agent,  and  as  editor  of  the  Michigan 
Christian  Herald,  and  he  was  treasurer  of  the 
State  Convention  for  three  years  preceding  his 


CLARK 


227 


CLARKE 


death.  lie  was  a  man  of  large  practical  sagacity, 
and  self-sacrificing  devotion  to  the  church.  His 
death  at  the  age  of  forty-two  was  sincerely  and 
deeply  lamented. 

Clark,  Rev.  John. — This  pioneer  preacher  was 
born  in  Scotland,  Nov.  29,  1758.  At  seven  he  be 
gan  to  study  Latin  and  Greek.  In  1778  he  went  to 
sea  on  a  British  ship,  which  he  deserted  at  Charles 
ton,  S.  C.  He  went  to  Georgia  and  taught 
school.  lie  was  converted  in  1785,  and  became  a 
Methodist  preacher.  He  was  ordained  by  Bishop 
Asbury  in  1795.  He  visited  Scotland,  and  found 
that  his  father  and  mother  were  dead.  He  returned 
to  America,  preached  in  Georgia,  and  taught  school. 
In  179(1  lie  walked  from  Georgia  to  Kentucky,  arid 
taught  and  preached  in  the  Crab  Orchard  country. 
He  exchanged  the  rod  in  school  for  firmness  and 
love.  lie  came  to  Missouri  in  1798.  lie  preached 
in  St.  Louis  County  when  the  Catholic  foreign 
commander  threatened  him  with  imprisonment. 
He  became  a  Baptist,  and  another  Methodist,  named 
Talbot,  adopted  the  same  opinions,  and  they  im 
mersed  each  other.  The  Lemmons,  early  Illinois 
ministers,  studied  under  Clark,  and  acknowledged 
their  obligations  to  him  for  their  instruction  in  lan 
guages  and  theology.  He  went  in  a  canoe  in  180-8 
and  1810  down  the  Mississippi  to  Baton  Rouge,  and 
preached  and  taught  school,  and  walked  back.  lie 
was  easy  of  address,  social,  pious,  intelligent,  and 
useful.  He  wrote  in  a  beautiful  hand  many  family 
records  in  the  Bible  by  request.  In  1820  he  visited 
the  Boones  in  Lick  County,  and  he  was  the  first  to 
go  so  far  west.  He  belonged  to  the  Coldwater  Bap 
tist  church  in  St.  Louis  County.  He  died  at  Wil 
liam  Patterson's,  Oct.  11,  1833,  at  seventy-five  years 
of  age.  lie  had  performed  great  labor.  Multi 
tudes  attended  his  funeral.  The  Lemmons,  by  his 
request,  preached  his  funeral  sermon. 

Clark,  Rev.  John  Henry,  was  born  in  London 
Co.,  Va.,  Dec.  12,  1812.  He  was  converted  at  six 
teen  years  of  age,  and  baptized  by  Dr.  W.  F. 
Broadus.  He  moved  to  Missouri  in  1839.  and 
united  with  the  church  at  Cape  Girardcau.  He  was 
licensed  in  1842,  and  ordained  in  1844  to  the  pas 
torate  of  the  church  at  the  Cape.  He  had  a  talent 
for  languages  and  acquired  them.  lie  gave  much 
time  to  teaching,  and  was  successful  in  it,  and  he 
was  effective  as  a  preacher.  Brother  Clark  was  for 
years  moderator  of  Cape  Girardeau  Association. 
He  died  April  4,  1809.  He  Avas  honored  and  be 
loved  as  a  good  minister  of  Jesus. 

Clark,  J.  W.  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Rushford, 
N.  Y.,  May  8,  1831  ;  graduated  from  Alleghany  Col 
lege  in  1855.  For  two  years  after  he  was  principal 
of  Randolph  Academy,  now  Chamberlain  Institute, 
N.  Y.  The  next  six  years  he  devoted  to  preaching. 
In  18G3  he  entered  Rochester  Theological  Seminary, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  18G6.  The  next 


four  years  he  was  pastor  in  Portsmouth,  0.  In 
May,  1870,  he  removed  to  Albion,  N.  Y..  where  he 
still  remains,  and  where  he  is  doing  a  noble  work 
in  one  of  the  strongest  and  most  efficient  churches 
of  Western  New  York.  Rochester  University  con 
ferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
in  1877.  His  parents  were  from  Southampton, 
Mass.  His  father's  name  was  Elam  Clark.  Dr. 
Clark  is  a  man  of  strong  constitution  and  character. 
His  solid  frame  and  manly  face  fitly  represent  his 
vigorous  intellect.  As  a  preacher  he  ranks  among 
the  best  in  the  State,  and  his  fine  judgment  and 
earnest,  patient,  hopeful  spirit  eminently  qualify 
him  for  leadership  in  the  great  concerns  of  the  de 
nomination.  He  has  written  sermons  for  the  Ex 
aminer  and  Chronicle,  and  occasional  newspaper 
articles,  in  all  of  which  he  shows  a  masterly  hand. 

Clark,  Deacon  Thomas,  father  of  Rev.  Andrew 
Clark,  of  Bishop  Creek.  Cal.,  assisted  in  organizing 
the  McKeesport  church,  Pa.  ;  was  a  pioneer  Baptist 
in  Iowa,  where  his  house  was  the  meeting-place 
of  an  infant  church  :  and  a  pioneer  Baptist  in 
Eastern  California,  settling  at  Bishop  Creek  in 
1864,  where  he  opened  his  house  for  public  wor 
ship,  a  Sunday-school,  and  for  the  meetings  of  the 
First  Baptist  church,  which  was  organized  in  18G9, 
and  of  which  he  was  deacon  until  his  death,  Nov. 
4,  1878,  aged  seventy-eight  years. 

Clarke,  Prof.  Benjamin  F.,  son  of  Thomas  ami 
Martha  Clarke,  was  born  in  Newport.  Me.,  July  14, 
1831.  lie  took  the  course  of  study  in  the  Bridge- 
water,  Mass.,  State  Normal  School,  graduating  in 
1855,  purposing  to  make  teaching  his  profession. 
For  some  time  he  taught  in  district  schools,  in  a 
grammar  school  in  the  city  of  Salem,  Mass.,  and  in 
the  Xormal  School  in  Bridgewater.  Working  to 
prepare  himself  for  more  extended  usefulness,  he 
commenced  a  course  of  study  to  qualify  himself 
for  entering  college.  lie  was  for  some  time  under 
the  tuition  of  ex-President  Thomas  Hill,  D.D.,  for 
merly  of  Harvard  University,  and  at  the  time  pastor 
of  the  Unitarian  church  in  Walthani,  Mass.  While 
residing  in  Waltham  he  made  a  public  profession 
of  his  faith  in  Christ,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  M. 
L.  Bickford  in  1857.  Having  completed  his  pre 
paratory  course  of  study,  he  entered  Brown  Uni 
versity,  and  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1X63,  and 
soon  after  was  appointed  instructor  in  Mathematics, 
which  office  he  held  until  1X08,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Civil  Engi 
neering,  which  position  he  now  (1880)  holds. 

Clarke,  John,  M.D,,  one  of  the  most  eminent 
men  of  his  time,  and  a  leading  spirit  among  the 
founders  of  Rhode  Island,  was.  according  to  the  best 
authorities,  born  in  Suffolk,  England,  Oct.  8,  1609. 
His  father's  name  was  Thomas,  to  whom  belonged 
a  family  Bible  which  is  still  in  existence  and  contains 
a  family  record.  His  mother,  Rose  Herrige,  was 


CLA/fKK 


CLAUKK 


of  ;in  ancient  Suffolk  family.  The  tradition  tliat 
he  was  a  native  of  Bedfordshire  may  have  had  its 
rise  from  the  fact  that  there  he  married  his  first 
•wife,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Hayes.  Esq.  To 
receive  a  legacy  given  her  by  her  father  out  of  the 
manor  of  Wreslingworth,  Bedfordshire,  he  signed 
a  power  of  attorney,  .March  \'l.  lo,"Jo,  styling  him 
self  -John  Clarko,  physician,  of  London.  During 
his  youth  he  received  a  careful  training,  and  shared 
in  the  intellectual  quickening  of  the  period,  though 
at  what  university  he  was  graduated  is  not  known. 
His  religious  and  political  convictions  closely  iden 
tified  him  with  that  large  and  growing  body  of  men 
who  bravely  sought  to  limit  kingly  prerogative,  and 
to  throw  around  the  personal  liberty  of  subjects 
the  protection  of  constitutional' safeguards.  He 
Avas  indeed  a  Puritan  of  the  Puritans.  All  efforts 
to  reform  abuses  in  either  church  or  state  proving 
abortive,  he  directed  his  footsteps  toward  the  New 
World,  arriving  at  Boston  in  the  month  of  Novem 
ber.  10:17. 

A  bitter  disappointment,  however,  awaited  him. 
The  Autinomian  controversy  had  just  culminated, 
and  one  of  the  parties  was  being  proscribed.  Dif 
ferences  of  opinion  he  expected  to  find  on  these 
Western  shores,  but  he  was  surprised  to  find,  as  he 
tells  us,  that  men  "  were  not  able  to  bear  each  with 
other  in  their  different  understandings  and  con 
sciences  as  in  these  utmost  parts  of  the  world  to 
live  peaceably  together.''  Since  the  government 
at  Boston  was  as  repressive  and  intolerant  as  that 
from  which  he  had  just  fled,  he  proposed  to  a  num 
ber  of  the  citizens,  for  the  sake  of  peace,  to  withdraw 
and  establish  themselves  elsewhere,  and  consented 
to  seek  out  a  place.  lie  had  boldly  resolved  to 
plant  a  new  colony,  and  upon  a  new  basis;  to  in 
corporate  into  its  foundation  principles  hitherto 
deemed  impracticable,  and  even  subversive  of  gov 
ernment,  and  indeed  of  all  order. 

The  choice  company  he  had  gathered  signed, 
March  7,  108S.  the  following  compact :  "  We,  whose 
names  are  underwritten,  do  here  solemnly,  in  the 
presence  of  Jehovah,  incorporate  ourselves  into  a 
Body  Politic,  and  as  he  shall  help,  will  submit  our 
persons,  lives,  and  estates  unto  our  .Lord  Jesus 
Christ,  the  King  of  Kings  and  Lord  of  Lords,  and 
to  all  those  perfect  and  most  absolute  laws  of  his 
given  us  in  his  Holy  Word  of  truth,  to  be  guided 
and  judged  thereby.''  They  found  in  the  Word  of 
(iod  warrant  for  their  civil  government,  and  claimed 
lor  it  divine  authority.  It  was,  nevertheless,  "a 
democracy  or  popular  government,"  and  no  one 
was  "  to  lie  accounted  a  delinquent  for  doctrine." 
Liberty  of  conscience  was  most  sacredly  guarded. 
The  magistrate  was  to  punish  only  ''  breaches  of 
the  law  of  God  that  tend  to  civil  disturbance." 
The  largest  personal  freedom  consistent  with  sta 
bility  of  government  was  provided  for.  There  are 


good  reasons  for  believing  that  to  the  hand  of  Mr. 
Clarke  this  initial  form  of  government  must  lie 
traced. 

The  place  selected  for  the  colony  was  an  island 
in  the  Narragansett  Bay.  known  by  the  Indians  as 
Aquidneck,  but  subsequently  named  Rhode  Island, 
which.  Xeal  says.  '•  is  deservedly  called  the  paradise 
of  New  England.''  The  lands  were  obtained  by 
purchase  of  the  aborigines,  the  deed  bearinir  date 
•2M\  .March,  10MS.  the  settlers  "having  bought 
them  off  to  their  full  satisfaction.''  At  first  estab 
lished  at  the  north  end  of  the  island,  the  govern 
ment  was,  the  following  April,  transferred  to  the 
south  end,  which  received  the  name  of  Newport. 
When  in  16-17  the  island  was  united,  under  the 
charter  of  1643,  in  a  confederacy  with  the  other 
towns  included  in  what  afterwards  became  the  State 
of  Rhode  Island,  the  government  of  the  united 
towns  was  framed  by  some  one  on  the  island.  It 
is  generally  supposed,  and  for  good  reasons,  that 
Mr.  Clarke  was  the  author  of  the  government 
framed,  both  of  the  code  of  laws  and  of  the  means 
of  enforcing  it.  ''From  the  islanders."  says  Gov. 
Arnold  in  his  history.  "  had  emanated  the  code  of 
laws,  and  to  them  it  was  intrusted  to  perfect  the 
means  of  enforcing  that  code."  The  code,  which 
lias  received  from  most  competent  judges  the  high 
est  praise,  concludes  with  these  words:  "And 
otherwise  than  thus  what  is  herein  forbidden,  all 
men  may  walk  as  their  consciences  persuade  them. 
every  one  in  the  name  of  his  God.  And  let  the 
saints  of  the  Most  High  walk  in  this  colony  with 
out  molestation,  in  the  name  of  Jehovah,  their  God, 
for  ever  and  ever." 

While  constantly  busy  with  the  affairs  of  state, 
Mr.  Clarke  did  not  neglect  the  higher  claims  of 
religion.  lie  is  spoken  of  by  early  writers  as  the 
religious  teacher  of  the  people,  and  as  such  from 
the  beginning.  A  church  was  gathered  in  1638, 
probably  early  in  the  year,  of  which  Mr.  Clarke 
became  pastor  or  teaching  elder.  He  is  mentioned 
(in  1638)  as  "preacher  to  those  of  the  island,"  as 
''their  minister."  as  '•  elder  of  the  church  there.'' 
Mr.  Lech  ford  writes  in  1640,  after  having  made  a 
tour  through  New  England,  that  "at  the  island 
.  .  .  there  is  a  church  where  one  Master  Clarke  is 
pastor."  On  his  return  to  England,  he  adds,  when 
revising  his  manuscript  for  the  press,  that  he  heard 
that  this  church  is  dissolved.  A  report  had  doubt 
less  reached  him  of  the  controversy  which  had  arisen 
on  the  island  respecting  the  authority  of  the  Bible 
and  the  existence  upon  earth  of  a  visible  church, 
when  some  became  Seekers  and  afterwards  Quakers. 
Missionary  tours  were  made  in  various  directions, 
and  numbers  were  added  to  the  church  from  sec 
tions  quite  remote,  as  from  Rehoboth,  Kingham, 
Weymouth.  Some  of  them  continued  to  live  at  a 
distance.  One  of  these  was  William  Witter,  whose 


229 


home  was  in  Lvnn.  Becoming  infirm  he  was  vis 
ited  by  his  pastor,  Mr.  Clarke,  in  1651,  who  reached 
his  house  the  19th  of  July,  accompanied  by  Obadiah 
Holmes  and  John  Crandall,  elders  in  the  church. 
The  three  visitors  were  summarily  arrested,  and 
without  there  being  produced  "  either  accuser,  wit 
ness,  jury,  law  of  God,  or  man,''  were  sentenced. 
Tliov  were  eacli  to  pay  a  fine,  "  or  else  to  be  well 
whipped."  Some  one  unknown  to  him  paid,  it 
is  said.  Mr.  Clarke's  fine  of  twenty  pounds.  At 
any  rate  he  was,  after  a  detention  reaching  into  the 
middle  of  August,  set  free  as  summarily  as  he  had 
been  apprehended.  lie  had  hoped  for  the  sake  of 
the  truth  that  there  might  be  a  public  disputation, 
his  last  communication  on  the  subject  to  the  gov 
ernor  and  his  advisers  being  dated  from  prison,  14th 
August.  Though  disappointed  in  this  hope,  the 
results  of  the  visit  were  far-reaching  and  must 
gratifying.  Many  eyes  were  opened  to  the  truth, 
and  "divers  were  put  upon  a  wav  of  inquiry." 

Meanwhile  the  colony  was  in  peril,  its  govern 
ment  in  jeopardy,  and  its  very  life  threatened.  On 
bis  return  from  Lynn  he  was  importuned  to  go  to 
England  and  represent  the  infant  colony  at  the 
English  court,  and.  complying  with  the  request,  set 
sail  in  November,  l'i">l.  The  following  year,  I6.">2, 
his  famous  work  in  defense  of  liberty  of  conscience, 
entitled  ''111  News  from  Xew  England/'  etc..  was 
published  in  London.  The  immediate  object  of  his 
visit — the  revocation  of  Gov.  Coddington's  com 
mission — having  been  attained,  be  continued  to 
reside  abroad  to  watch  over  the  imperiled  interests 
of  the  unique  State,  und  succeeded  not  only  in 
parrying  the  attacks  of  enemies,  but  in  gaining  for 
it  a  substantial  advantage  over  its  older  ami  more 
powerful  rivals.  The  boundaries  of  the  State  were 
even  enlarged.  The  charter  obtained  in  166.°,  guar 
anteed  to  the  people  privileges  unparalleled  in  the 
history  of  the  world.  It  is  an  evidence  of  his  skill 
in  diplomacy  that  he  could  obtain  from  King 
Charles,  against  the  earnest  prayers  of  the  older 
colonies,  a  charter  that  declared  "  that  no  person 
within  the  said  colony,  at  any  time  hereafter,  shall 
be  anywise  molested,  punished,  disquieted,  or  called 
in  question  for  any  differences  of  opinion  or  mat 
ters  of  religion."  In  the  second  of  two  addresses 
presented  to  the  king  he  said  respecting  his  colony, 
that  it  desires  "  to  be  permitted  to  hold  forth  in  •-. 
lively  experiment  that  a  flourishing  civil  sta':  may 
stand,  yea,  and  best  be  maintained,  aiiu  ;iiat  among 
English  spirits,  with  a  full  liberty  of  religious  con 
cernments.''  To  these  labors  in  England  hiscolony 
was  deeply  indebted,  owed  indeed  its  existence. 
Yet  they  have  never  been  duly  appreciated,  nor 
have  the  difficulties  environing  his  way  been  suffi 
ciently  considered.  The  consummate  fruit  of  his 
toils — the  securing  of  the  great  charter — has  even 
been  ascribed  to  another,  as  indeed  have  also  the 


results  of  others  of  his  labors.  .  The  charter  was 
received  by  the  colony  with  public  demonstrations 
.of  great  joy. 

His  return  home  in  -July.  16(14,  after  an  absence 
of  more  than  twelve  years,  was  hailed  with  delight. 
He  was  immediately  elected  to  the  General  Assem 
bly,  and  re-elected  year  by  year  until  1669,  when 
he  became  deputy-governor,  and  again  in  1671. 
During  these  years  he  performed  much  important 
public  service;  was  in  1664  the  chief  commissioner 
for  determining  the  western  boundary  of  the  State, 
and  the  same  year  chairman  of  a  committee  to  cod 
ify  the  laws ;  two  years  later  he  was  appointed 
alone  "to compose  all  the  laws  into  a  good  method 
and  order,  leaving  out  what  may  be  superfluous, 
and  adding  what  may  appear  unto  him  necessary.'' 
Although  he  retired  from  public  life  in  1672,  his 
counsels  were  still  sought  in  emergencies.  Only 
six  days  before  his  death  he  was  summoned  to  at 
tend  a  meeting  of  the  General  Assembly,  which 
desired  ''  to  have  the  advice  and  concurrence  of  the 
most  judicious  inhabitants  in  the  troublous  times 
and  straits  into  which  the  colony  has  been  brought." 
lie  died  suddenly.  April  20.  1676.  leaving  most  of 
his  property  in  the  hands  of  trustees  for  religious 
and  educational  purposes.  His  last  act  was  in 
harmony  with  one  of  the  first  on  the  colony's  rec 
ords,  which  was  to  establish  a  free;  school,  said  to 
have  been  the  first  in  America,  if  not  in  the  world. 

He  was  a  man  of  commanding  ability,  and  from 
first  to  last  planned  wisely  and  well  for  his  colony. 
His  endowments  of  both  mind  and  heart  were  of  a 
very  high  order.  He  was  ''an  advanced  student 
of  Hebrew  and  Greek.'1  Arnold  says,  ''  lie  was  a 
ripe  scholar,  learned  in  the  practice  of  two  profes 
sions,  besides  having  had  large  experience  in  diplo 
matic  and  political  life.  .  .  .  With  all  his  public 
pursuits,  he  continued  the  practice  of  his  original 
profession  as  a  physician,  and  also  retained  the 
pastoral  charge  of  his  church.  He  left  a  confession 
of  his  faith,  from  which  it  appears  that  he  was 
strongly  Calvinistic  in  doctrine."  His  views  of 
Christian  doctrine  have  ?,c>en  pronounced  "  so  clear 
and  Scriptural  that  they  might  stand  as  the  confes 
sion  of  faith  of  Baptists  to-day,  after  more  than 
two  centuries  of  experience  and  investigation." 
He  has.  and  perhaps  not  inaptly,  been  called  the 
'•  Father  of  American  Baptists.''  And  his,  it  has 
been  claimed,  "is  the  glory  of  first  showing  in  an 
actual  government  that  the  best  safeguards  of  per 
sonal  rights  is  Christian  law."  Allen  (Biog.  Diet.) 
says,  "  lie  possessed  the  singular  honor  of  contrib 
uting  much  towards  establishing  the  first  govern 
ment  upon  the  earth  which  gave  equal  liberty,  civil 
and  religious,  to  all  men  living  under  it."  Backus: 
"  lie  was  a  principal  procurer  of  Ilhode  Island  for 
sufferers  and  exiles."  Bancroft:  "Never  did  a 
young  commonwealth  possess  a  more  faithful 


CLAKKK 


friend."  Palfrey,  although  ungenerous  and  unjust 
in  his  judgments  upon  Rhode  Island  affairs  and 
llhode  Island  men,  and  especially  toward  Mr. 
Clarke,  is  constrained  to  admit  that  he  "  had  some 
claim  to  be  called  the  father  of  llhode  Island  ;" 
and  that  "  for  many  years  before  his  death  lie  had 
been  the  most  important  citizen  of  his  colony." 
Arnold  says  he  was  ''one  of  the  ablest  men  of  the 
seventeenth  century."  ''  His  character  and  talents 
appear  more  exalted  the  more  closely  they  are  ex 
amined.'' 

See.  for  fuller  details,  besides  general  histories, 
especially  Backus' s  "  History  of  the  Baptists."  sec 
ond  edition,  a  sketch  of  his  life  and  character  by 
Rev.  C.  E.  Barrows,  in  the  Baptist  Quarterly  for 
1ST-  (vol.  vi.  pp.  4S1-502)  :  for  a  vigorous  discus 
sion  of  his  place  in  history,  articles  in  the  same 
periodical  for  1S7<>  (vol.  x.  pp.  lSl-1'04,  2")7-2Sl), 
by  Prof.  J.  C.  C.  Clarke,  under  the  title  of  ''The 
Pioneer  Baptist  Statesman"  :  for  a  thorough  review 
of  the  visit  to  Lynn  and  the  adverse  criticisms 
thereon,  a  pamphlet  of  3'.)  pages,  by  II.  M.  King, 
!).!).,  published  in  1SSO.  A  full  memoir  of  Mr. 
Clarke's  life  and  times  is  still  a  desideratum. 

Clarke,  Prof.  John  C.  C.,  of  Shm-tloff  College. 
•was  born  at  Providence,  R.  I.,  Feb.  27.  1833,  being 
descended  from  Joseph  Clarke,  a  brother  of  Dr. 
John  Clarke,  one  of  the  founders  of  Xewport.  lie 
graduated  at  the  public  school  in  Providence,  and 
showed  then  his  predilections  as  a  student  by  taking 
up  independently  such  languages  as  French  and 
Spanish,  acquiring  in  private  study  a  free  use  of 
them.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  bo  went  to  New 
York  City  as  clerk  in  the  importing  house  of  Booth 
&  Edgar,  remaining  there  some  four  years.  In 
18">3  he  was  converted  and  baptized  in  the  fellow 
ship  of  the  Strong  Place  church,  Brooklyn.  De 
ciding  to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  he  entered  the 
University  of  Rochester  in  1S55,  and  graduated  in 
IS.")1.),  having  taken  the  second  prize  in  the  Sopho 
more  class  for  Latin,  and  the  first  junior  prize  for 
Greek.  He  graduated  from  the  seminary  in  ISO], 
and  in  September  of  that  year  was  called  to  Yonk- 
ers.  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  four  years,  the 
church  having  meanwhile  a  large  growth.  Remov 
ing  then  to  Chicago,  he  served  one  year  as  Professor 
of  Greek  in  the  university.  Prof.  Misen  being  en 
gaged  in  the  general  service  of  the  institution.  In 
ISliG,  in  connection  with  the  supply  of  the  Xorth 
Baptist  church.  Chicago,  he  was  associated  with 
Dr.  Colver  in  giving  theological  instruction  at  the 
university.  Dr.  Colver  removing  to  Richmond, 
Prof.  Clarke  entered  the  pastorate  at  Madison, 
"VVis.,  remaining  there  until  the  winter  of  1S70-71, 
the  church  in  the  mean  time  paying  off  an  old  debt 
and  improving  its  house  of  worship,  while  about 
fifty  were  added  by  baptism.  In  1S71  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Mount  Auburn  church,  Cincinnati, 


teaching  metaphysics  and  moral  philosophy  at  the 
Young  Ladies'  Institute  there.  In  1873  lie  accepted 
a  call  to  the  Beaumont  Street  church,  St.  Louis, 
and  in  1875  to  the  professorship  in  Shurtleff  Col 
lege,  which  he  now  iills.  Among  Prof.  Clarke's 
writings  may  be  mentioned  essays  ia  different  re 
views  upon  "  Platonism  and  Early  Christianity," 
u  History  in  Alphabet,"  '•  The  Pioneer  Statesmen," 
''•John  Clarke  of  Newport,"  besides  various  con 
tributions  to  the  weekly  press.  lie  is  an  exact 
scholar,  an  inspiring  teacher,  a  man  of  refined 
tastes,  and  highly  esteemed  in  all  relations. 

Clarke,  Judge  John  T.,  the  son  of  James 
Clarke  and  Permelia  T.  Willbovn,  a  native  of 
Georgia,  was  born  Jan.  12,  1S34.  He  was  educated 
in  Mercer  University  and  in  Columbian  College, 
D.  C.,  graduating  in  the  former  institution  in  July, 
JSf)3.  and  sharing  the  first  honor  with  Henry  T. 
Wimberly  and  J.  II.  Kilpatrick.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1851,  and  entered  into  partnership 
with  his  uncle,  Judge  M.  J.  Wellborn,  in  Columbus. 
In  1858  be  abandoned  the  law  for  the  ministry, 
while  practising  at  Lumpkin,  and  accepted  the 
charge  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Atlanta, 
in  January,  1859.  having  been  ordained  in  1858. 
Throat  disease  terminated  his  pastorate  at  the  end 
of  two  years,  when  he  retired  to  the  country  and 
rusticated  until  January,  isi'i3,  preaching  only  oc 
casionally.  Gov.  Jos.  E.  Brown  appointed  him 
judije  of  the  Superior  Courts  of  the  Pataula  circuit 
in  January.  1803,  to  which  position  he  was  elected 
in  March,  18t')7,  receiving  a  new  commission  for 
four  years.  During  the  time  when  Gen.  Meade  was 
placed  in  charge  of  the  military  district,  of  which 
Georgia  was  a  part,  some  general  orders  were  issued 
by  him  which  Judge  Clarke  felt  conscientiously 
bound  to  ignore  ;  and,  when  another  order  was 
given  threatening  trial  by  a  military  commission, 
and  punishment  by  fine  and  imprisonment  for  all 
judges  who  disregarded  the  military  orders  of  Gen. 
Meade.  Judge  Clarke  adjourned  the  courts  of  Early 
and  Miller  Counties,  on  the  ground  that  the  "  ille 
gal,  unconstitutional,  oppressive,  and  dangerous" 
orders  of  Gen.  Meade  deprived  the  court  of  freedom 
of  action.  For  this  he  was  removed  from  office  by 
Gen.  Meade.  In  1SGS  he  returned  to  the  practice  of 
law.  in  which  he  is  still  engaged  ;  but  he  has  always 
preached,  even  when  holding  courts,  if  an  opportu 
nity  permitted.  Judge  Clarke  has  represented  his 
district  in  the  State  senate  with  honor  to  himself. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  for  Mercer 
University,  arid  is  mainly  to  bo  credited  with  the 
passage,  at  the  Convention,  of  that  resolution  which 
resulted  in  the  removal  of  Mercer  University  from 
Pen  field  to  Macon. 

Judge  Clarke  has  always  been  an  active  church 
member,  and  for  years  has  been  an  efficient  Sun 
day-school  superintendent.  He  is  a  fine  speaker, 


CLARKE 


231 


CLAY 


a  good  Latin,  Greek,  and  French  scholar,  and  has 
some  knowledge  of  German,  Hebrew,  and  Italian. 
He  is  well  read  in  polite  literature,  is  a  graceful 
and  strong  writer,  possesses  a  quick,  discriminating, 
logical,  and  resolute  mind,  and,  as  a,  business  man. 
is  well  known  for  his  energy,  accuracy,  and  in 
tegrity. 

Clarke,  Rev.  Miner  G. — After  some  forty  years 
of  remarkably  efficient  .service,  Mr.  Clarke  is  now 
spending  the  evening  of  life  at  Sandwich,  111.,  un 
able,  through  infirmity  of  health,  to  share  as  for 
merly  in  the  work,  but  still  deeply  interested  in  all 
that  concerns  the  prosperity  of  Christ's  cause.  lie 
was  born  Doc.  9,  1809,  at  Woodstock,  Conn.,  and 
is  descended  from  the  same  family  stock  as  the 
R»v.  John  Clarke,  who,  in  the  seventeenth  century, 
gathered  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Newport,  R.  I. 
Mr.  Clarke  was  converted  when  but  a  youth,  and 
was  bapti/ed  by  Rev.  J.  B.  Atwell.  lie  studied  at 
Newton,  graduating  there  in  1S37.  Thrown  upon 
his  own  resources  during  this  five  years'  course  of 
study,  his  health  was  injured  by  overwork,  and  the 
consequences  have  continued  to  be  felt  during  his 
whole  life  since.  He  was  ordained  in  the  autumn 
of  1S:>7  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Suffield, 
Conn.  ;  his  health  failing,  he  was  obliged  to  resign 
his  pastorate  after  a  brief  service.  Rest  having  in 
some  degree  restored  him,  he  accepted  a  call  to 
Graf  ton,  ^  ass.  Here  he  gathered  a  Baptist  church, 
and,  in  the  cr.;:vse  of  an  eighteen  months'  pastor 
ate,  saw  a  flourishing  Sunday-school  established 
ajid  a  near  and  tasteful  house  of  worship  built. 
Health  again  failed,  so  t'.iat  a  suspension  of  labor 
became  necessary.  After  his  strength  had  been  in 
some  measure  re-established,  he  was  called  to  the 
work  of  gathering  a  church  in  the  centre  of  Nor 
wich  City,  Conn.  The  result  was  the  organization 
of  the  Central  Baptist  church  of  that  city,  in 
whose  forty  years  of  blessed  history  he  i»  now 
permitted  to  rejoice.  The  first  six  years  of  that 
history,  under  his  own  pastorate,  during  which 
time  hundreds  were  bapti/ed,  old  dissensions 
healed,  and  two  flourishing  Baptist  churches  made 
to  stand  where  before  were  only  the  d<ibrin  of 
past  mistakes  and  failures,  must  be  regarded  as 
having  largely  determined  the  direction  and  the 
character  of  that  which  has  since  followed.  After 
six  years  in  that  pastorate,  a  like  service  called 
him  to  Springfield,  Mass.  Accepting  the  care 
of  the  First  church  in  that  city,  by  a  change 
of  location  and  methods  of  work,  and  the  erec 
tion  of  a  fine  new  house  of  worship,  with  largo 
additions  to  the  church,  a  new  face  was  put  upon 
the  Baptist  cause  there.  Failure  of  health  again 
compelled  a  suspension  of  labor,  but  rest  having  in 
a  measure  restored  him,  after  supplying  for  a  time 
the  pulpit  of  the  First  church,  Williamsburgh, 
made  vacant  by  the  lamented  death  of  Rev.  M.  J. 


Ilhees,  and  after  some  months'  service  for  the  Bible 
Society,  as  its  financial  secretary,  he  accepted  the 
call  of  the  Tabernacle  church,  Philadelphia,  and 
removed  to  that  city  in  1851.  A  five-years'  pros 
perous  pastorate  followed.  Constant  additions  to 
the  church  rewarded  the  devoted  joint  labor  of 
pastor  and  people,  the  present  beautiful  and  con 
venient  house  was  built,  and  congregations  gathered 
which  filled  its  pews.  With  the  labors  of  this  pas 
torate  was  associated  service  upon  the  board  of  the 
Publication  Society,  and  in  other  spheres  of  impor 
tant  public  duty.  In  1856  the  state  of  his  health 
made  another  change  necessary.  Removing  to 
Indianapolis,  he  established  there  the  Witness,  a 
Baptist  weekly,  and  conducted  it  during  six  years 
with  admirable  skill  and  with  most  excellent  effect, 
as  regards  denominational  interests  in  Indiana  and 
the  West.  After  six  years,  believing  that  a  resi 
dence  near  the  lakes  would  benefit  his  health,  he 
sold  the  Witness  to  Rev.  E.  W.  Clark,  and  removed 
to  Chicago,  entering  into  business  in  that  city  with 
his  sons,  and  associating  with  this,  important  ser 
vice  as  financial  secretary  of  the  univcrsitv.  With 
this,  a  brief  pastorate  at  Kvanston,  near  Chicago, 
and  four  years'  service  as  financial  secretary  of  the 
Home  Miss.ion  Society  for  New  York,  his  active 
labors  reached  a  close.  An  injury  received  in  New 
York  City,  followed  by  nervous  prostration,  left 
him  no  alternative,  and  retiring  from  public  service, 
he  made  his  home  at  Sandwich,  111.  Remembered 
with  admiration  and  affection  by  his  associates  in 
many  spheres  of  service,  he  now  (1880)  awaits  the 
higher  call. 

Clarke,  Rev.  N.  L.,  pastor  at  Decatur,  Miss., 
for  the  past  thirty-three  years,  was  born  in  North 
Carolina  in  1812:  settled  in  Mississippi  in  1840, 
and  the  year  following  was  ordained.  His  labors 
have  been  chiefly  confined  to  the  counties  of  Kem- 
per,  Neshoba.  Loake,  Scott,  Newton,  Lauderdale, 
Clarke,  Jasper.  Jones,  Covington.  Simpson,  Smith, 
and  Rankin.  and  the  adjoining  parts  of  Alabama. 
He  has  baptized  over  one  thousand  persons  •  aided 
in  constituting  between  forty-five  and  fifty  churches; 
about  forty  of  which  were  gathered  by  his  own 
labors  ;  has  presided  as  moderator  of  Mount  Pisgah 
Association  twenty-four  years,  and  of  the  General 
Association  of  Mississippi  from  its  organization  ; 
he  has  also  been  associate  editor  of  the  Southern 
Baptist. 

Clay,  Judge  Joseph. — This  distinguished  min 
ister  of  the  gospel  was  born  in  Savannah,  Aug.  16, 
1764.  His  father  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier  ,  he 
was  also  an  eminent  lawyer  and  an  esteemed  judge. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  graduated  at  Princeton, 
with  the  highest  honors  of  his  class,  in  1784.  After 
admission  to  the  liar  he  soon  became  one  of  the 
ablest  and  most  popular  lawyers  in  Georgia,  and 
his  reputation  reached  the  most  distant  parts  of  his 


CLA  Y 


232 


CLEVELAND 


country.  In  I7'l<>  lie  was  appointed  United  States 
judge  for  tin-  district  of  Georgia,  by  President 
George  Washington.  lie  held  tliis  position  for 
about  live  years,  the  duties  of  which  he  discharged 
with  such  wisdom  and  uprightness  as  secured  for 
him  the  respect  of  all  good  citizens. 

In  lsii;j  the  Spirit  of  God  led  him  to  see  his  sin- 
fulness,  and  to  trust  the  precious  Saviour  for  sal 
vation  ;  and  though  brought  up  under  1'edobaptist 
influence,  like  many  other  men  of  culture,  he  united 
with  the  Baptists,  and  soon  after  he  was  ordained 
to  the  ministrv.  and  became  assistant  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Savannah.  In  ISOo'  he 
visited  \ew  Fn^land  and  preached  in  many  of 
the  principal  centres  of  population,  to  the  great 
spiritual  enjoyment  of  the  large  congregations  that 
heard  his  blessed  teachings.  lie  was  for  a  time 
associate  pastor  with  Dr.  Samuel  Stillmaii  in  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Boston,  and  in  August, 
1S07,  he  became  his  successor.  I  [is  health  per 
mitted  him  only  for  a  short  period  to  discharge  the 
duties  of  his  otlice  ;  hut  (luring  that  time  thrones  of 
the  intelligent  and  refined  waited  on  his  ministra 
tions,  and  Christians  of  all  conditions  heard  him 
gladly.  His  residence  in  Boston  was  a  great  bless 
ing  to  the  Baptists  and  to  the  whole  city. 

He  had  a  commanding  appearance,  an  eye  of 
singular  beauty,  a  heart  overflowing  witli  tender 
ness,  and  an  eloquence  that  moved  the  congrega 
tions  which  he  addressed  +o  tears  or  ecstasies  at 
his  pleasure.  He  had  a  spirit  of  deep  humility, 
and  as  he  believed  that,  the  love  (.('  Christ  had  pur 
chased  and  i-ppiied  his  salvation,  and  would  cer 
tain  Iv  renr  ;r  it  triumphant,  he  was  ready  to  give 
up  all  th  •  errors  of  his  Episcopalian  education 
and  unite  \v;th  the  first  denomination  of  Christians 
that  ever  followed  Jesus  ;  and  he  was  fully  pre 
pared  to  renounce  the  honors  and  emoluments  of  a 
distinguished  lawyer,  who  had  occupied  the  posi 
tion  of  ;•.  United  States  judge,  that  he  might  preach 
Jesu  to  the  perishing. 

'..:.  ;\'.  Rev.  Porter,  was  the  In-other  of  Henry 
'  'av.  ai..l  the  fifth  son  of  the  Rev.  -John  Clav.  a  Bap- 
-.  ,,  minister  of  Hanover  Co.,  Va.  He  was  born  in 
V.rginia,  M:u~ch,  1779,  and  removed  to  Kentucky 
in  early  life  with  his  mother  and  her  husband,  and 
reached  manhood  in  that  State,  where  so  many  Vir 
ginia  Baptists  found  homes.  He  studied  the  le^al 
profession,  and  received  the  appointment  of  Auditor 
of  Public  Accounts  from  Governor  Slaughter,  a  dis 
tinguished  Baptist.  The  position  was  highly  re 
spectable,  and  financially  one  of  the  best  in  the 
State.  His  second  wife  was  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Hardin, 
the  widow  of  lion.  M.  I).  Hardin,  formerly  a  Sena 
tor  of  the  United  States,  who  brought  him  the  occu 
pancy  of  "  one  of  the  best  farms  in  Kentucky/' 

Ho  was  converted  and  baptized  in  1815.  and  soon 
after  gave  himself  to  the  ministry  of  the  Word.  He 


was  a  popular  preacher,  greatly  esteemed  by  the 
churches  which  he  served.  After  he  had  lost  all 
his  property,  his  brother  Henry  offered  him  "  a  resi 
dence  and  the  means  of  support  at  Ashland,  but 
he  declined  it.  saying,  'he  owed  his  service  to  Cod, 
and  he  would  take  care  of  him.'  Nor  was  he  dis 
appointed."  He  died  in  1X50.  \\\  the  full  enjoyment 
of  the  Christian's  hope. —  From  a  sketch  written  />>/ 
Henri/  ('/Hi/. 

Clemmons,  A.E.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Shelby  ville. 
Tenn.,  Sept.  14,  1X22;  educated  at  Shelbyville 
Academy;  professed  religion  when  seventeen  years 
old;  commenced  preaching  in  his  twentieth  year: 
ordained  at  New  Bethel  church,  Noxubee  Co., 
Miss.,  in  1S44;  ministered  to  Xew  Bethel  church. 
Miss.  ;  Lewisville  church,  Ark.  :  Mount  Lebanon 
and  Mcriden  churches,  La.  :  performed  hard  and 
useful  service  as  a  missionary  in  Mississippi  and 
Arkansas,  and  as  a^ent  for  the  endowment  of  Mount 
Lebanon  University,  La.  :  served  Marshall  church, 
Texas,  from  1X55  to  IS'II,  and  lXfi5-09  •  was  chap 
lain  of  the  ;!d  Texas  Regiment  during  the  war; 
was  pastor  of  Shreveport  church.  La.,  from  1X1)9 
to  1X74:  has  been  pastor  of  Longview  church, 
Texas,  sin-e  1X74.  Although  in  charge  of  this 
church  and  others  during  his  residence  in  Texas, 
he  has  lived  at  Marshall  twenty-one  years.  Re 
ceived  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Waco  University. 
Tie  is  moderator  of  Loda  Lake  Association,  was 
president  of  the  General  Association  of  Texas  a 
number  of  years,  and  is  how  president  of  Fast 
Texas  Convention.  He  has  served  various  Baptist 
bodies  as  agent,  and  aided  in  the  establishment  of 
several  Baptist  schools.  Tie  has  been  a  prominent, 
popular,  laborious,  and  able  preacher  from  his  or 
dination  up  to  the  present  time,  and  exercises  a 
commanding  influence  in  Fastern  Texas. 

Cleveland,  W.  C.,  M.D.,  D.D.,  a  native  of 

Dallas  Co.,  Ala.,  was  born  -lune  22.  1X35.  His 
father.  Deacon  Carter  W.  Cleveland  (deceased), 
was  one  of  the  most  prominent  citizens  of  that 
county,  and  one  of  the  most  influential  laymen  in 
the  State:  he  was  wealthy,  intelligent,  wise,  and 
upright.  Dr.  Cleveland  graduated  when  a  youth 
in  the  University  of  Alabama,  and  in  medicine 
in  the  city  of  New  York,  and  arose  to  distinc 
tion  as  a  phvsician.  He  abandoned  that  profes 
sion  and  entered  the  ministry  in  1X69;  was  called 
immediately  to  Carlowville ;  soon  after  and  for 
several  years  his  time  as  pastor  was  divided  be 
tween  that  place.  Snow  Hill,  and  Pleasant  Hill. — • 
three  village  churches  in  refined  and  intelligent 
communities, — where  most  gratifying  results  at 
tended  his  ministrations.  Some  four  years  since 
he  was  called  to  the  church  in  the  city  of  Selma, 
where  he  labors  with  distinguished  ability  and  suc 
cess  in  charge  of  a  church  which  has  become  second 
to  none  in  the  State.  The  title  of  D.D.  was  con- 


CLIFT 


233 


CLOPTON 


ferred  on  him  by  Howard  College  in  1875.  Dr. 
Cleveland  is  an  accomplished  Christian  gentleman, 
of  courtly  bearing,  of  eminent  consecration  and 
piety,  a  laborious  and  wise  pastor,  standing  in  the 
front  rank  of  the  Southern  Baptist  pulpit.  Re 
garded  in  Alabama  as  among  the  very  best  preach 
ers  and  safest  counselors,  taking  hold  of  all  our 
denominational  interests  with  x.eal  and  determina 
tion,  he  exerts  the  highest  influence.  None  is  more 
trusted,  none  more  able,  none  from  whom  more  is 
expected. 

Clift,  Hon.  AmOS,  son  of  Capt.  Amos  and 
Thankful  (Deuison)  Clift,  was  horn  in  Groton, 
Auir.  7,  1S05 ;  became  a  distinguished  master- 
builder;  in  military  life  rose  to  be  colonel  of  8th 
Regiment  of  Connecticut  militia  ;  filled,  first  and 
last,  nearly  every  town  office;  was  representative 
in  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State;  became 
judge  of  the  Probate  Court:  greatly  interested  in 
educational  and  religious  affairs  ;  converted  and 
baptized  at  the  age  of  sixteen  :  first  a  member  of 
Second  Baptist  church  in  Groton,  afterwards  of 
Third  church  :  died  at  his  residence  in  Groton, 
Aug.  18,  1878,  aged  seventy-three  years;  a  man 
of  honor  and  of  wide  influence. 

Clinch,  Charles  F.,  Esq.,  is  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Musquash,  St.  John  Co.,  Xew 
Brunswick;  was  president  of  the  Baptist  Conven 
tion  of  the  Maritime  Provinces  for  the  year  ending 
August.  1880;  is  a  liberal  supporter  of  home  mis 
sions  and  all  other  benevolent  operations  of  the 
Baptist  denomination. 

Clinic  Baptism. — This  baptism  received  its 
name  from  the  Greek  word  K/.LVII,  a  bed,  because 
the  sick  persons  who  received  it  were  generally 
unable  to  move  from  their  beds.  It  was  regarded 
as  a  defective  baptism.  Eusebius  says,  "  It  was 
not  lawful  to  promote  one  baptized  by  pouring  on 
his  sick-bed  to  any  order  of  the  clergy."  (Kccles. 
Hist.,  lib.  vi.  43.  p.  244.  Parisiis,  Ki5<J.)  And  in 
the  same  chapter*  he  declares  his  approbation  of 
the  opinion  of  Cornelius,  bishop  of  Rome,  in  which 
he  expresses  doubts  about  the  validity  of  the 
famous  clinic  baptism  of  Novatian,  when  he  was 
poured  around  (nepixeu)  in  a  time  of  sickness,  and 
he  adds.  "  If  indeed  it  be  proper  to  say  that  one 
like  him  did  receive  baptism." 

Some  greeted  these  persons  on  recovery  with  con 
tempt  and  ridicule,  and  called  them  Clinics  instead 
of  Christ  inns.  Cyprian  denounces  such  treatment. 
"  As  to  the  nickname."  says  he,  ''  which  some 
have  thought  fit  to  fix  upon  those  who  have  thus 
(by  baptism  on  their  beds)  obtained  the  grace  of 
Christ  through  his  saving  water  and  through  faith 
in  him,  and  their  calling  such  persons  Clinics  in 
stead  of  Christiuns,  I  am  at  a  loss  to  find  the  orig 
inal  of  this  appellation,"  etc.  (Ep.  70,  ad  Magnum, 
pp.  121,  122.  Colonise,  1G07.)  Clinic  baptism  ap- 
16 


pears  more  frequently  in  modern  controversy  than 
the  extent  of  its  use  justified.  It  was  regarded  as 
a  doubtful,  defective,  and  cowardly  baptism,  sub 
jecting  the  recipient  to  the  sneers  of  his  acquaint 
ances  if  he  recovered,  and  as  a  consequence  it  was 
verv  little  practised.  Xovatian's  case  is  by  far  the 
most  prominent;  the  other  allusions  to  the  abor 
tive  rite  are  so  rare  among  the  ancients  who  per 
formed  it  that  it  is  scarcely  worthy  of  notice.  But 
while  it  existed  it  was  abundant  proof  that  the 
baptism  of  unconscious  infants  was  either  unknown 
or  but  little  used.  If  almost  every  child,  as  in 
France  or  Italy  now,  was  baptized  in  infancy,  there 
could  be  no  room  for  baptizing  terrified  dying 
adults,  as  they  had  the  rite  already,  and  it  was  not 
lawful  to  repeat  it. 

Clopton,  Rev.  Abner  W.,  was  born  in  Pittsyl- 
vania  Co..  Va..  March  24.  17S4.  Until  the  age  of 
sixteen  he  attended  school  and  made;  remarkably 
rapid  progress.  For  five  years  he  was  engaged  as 
clerk  in  a  store  in  the  neighborhood  of  his  home. 
At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  married, — a  most  unfor 
tunate,  event,  as  it  afterwards  proved,  tingeing  with 
gloom  his  whole  after-life.  lie  resolved  to  enter 
one  of  the  learned  professions  ;  prosecuted  a  clas 
sical  course  at  several  schools:  engaged  himself 
as  teacher  in  South  Carolina,  and  entered,  about 
1808,  the  Junior  class  at  Chapel  Hill,  N.  C..  where 
he  graduated,  receiving  tin;  degree  of  A.B.,  and 
afterwards  that  of  A.M.  Having  decided  to  enter 
the  medical  profession,  he  went  to  Philadelphia 
in  IS  I  I  to  attend  the  courses  of  lectures  there.  A 
severe  illness  brought  him  to  reflection  upon  his 
lost  condition,  and  was  the  means  of  his  conversion. 
He  returned  to  Virginia,  was  baptized  in  August, 
1812,  and  joined  the  Shockoe  church.  Soon  after 
he  was  engaged  as  tutor  at  Chapel  Hill,  and  began 
the  practice  of  medicine  under  very  favorable  au 
spices.  Another  severe  illness  brought  him  to  the 
decision  to  consecrate  himself  whollv  to  the  work 
of  his  Master,  which,  however,  was  not  carried 
into  effect  until  about  1823.  when,  receiving  an 
invitation  to  become  the  pastor  of  several  churches 
in  Charlotte  Co.,  Va..  he  settled  there.  Here  he 
was  eminently  successful  in  his  labors,  many  1  icing 
converted  and  baptized,  and  the  'churches  purified 
and  greatly  strengthened.  Shortly  after  his  set 
tlement  in  Virginia  he  became  deeply  interested  in 
the  promotion  of  the  tract  cause.  More  than  100 
societies  auxiliary  to  the  Baptist  General  Tract 
Society  were  formed  by  him  during  his  journey 
ing  in  Virginia.  lie  was  also  instrumental  in 
bringing  many  excellent  books  into  circulation 
among  the  churches,  and  especially  Scott's  Com 
mentary.  He  was  deeply  interested  also  in  the 
temperance  movement.  With  several  other  pas 
tors  he  formed  the  Virginia  Society  for  the  Pro 
motion  of  Temperance,  a  few  months  only  after 


C LOUGH 


234 


CLOUGH 


the  organization  of  the  American  Temperance  So 
ciety,  lie  traveled  even-where  throughout  the 
State,  and  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  a  most 
marked  improvement  in  the  social  habits  of  the 
people.  In  IX.'-JI  he  accepted  a  temporary  agency 
in  behalf  of  the  Columbian  College,  and.  though 
death  soon  removed  him  from  the  scene  of  his  la 
bors,  ho  was  quite  successful.  Besides  performing 
tho  duties  of  agent  gratuitously,  ho  contributed 
himself  tho  sum  of  $3000  towards  its  funds.  lie 
was  also  specially  active  in  the  erection  of  now  and 
more  commodious  buildings  for  public  worship,  and 
in  providing  ample  room  and  accommodations  for 
tho  colored  members  of  his  congregations.  As  a 
preacher,  be  was  greatly  successful.  His  sermons 
were  marked  by  simplicity,  pathos,  and  a  pointed 
practical  bearing,  and.  as  a  result,  many  were 
brought,  through  his  ministrations,  to  a  knowl 
edge  of  the  truth.  On  his  death-bod,  racked  with 
keen  agony,  he  wrote  a  most  touching  letter  to  his 
aged  parents,  in  which  occur  these  words,  showing 
his  love  of  his  Lord  and  tho  submissiveness  with 
which  he  yielded  himself  to  his  fatherly  chastise 
ments  :  ''  On  other  occasions  of  distress  and  af 
fliction  my  mind  has  been  distracted  with  fear  and 
anxiety;  but  in  this,  I  feel  neither  murmurs  nor 
repinings.  I  would  not  have  died  without  this 
affliction,  or  something  resembling  it,  on  any  con 
sideration,  believing  it  to  be  as  necessary  in  the 
scheme  of  my  salvation  as  the  atonement  of 
Christ." 

Again,  after  having  carefully  reviewed  his  life, 
useful  as  it  had  been  made  to  multitudes,  and  com 
paring  it  with  the  holy  law  of  God,  he  writes,  "  My 
heart  and  life  again  passed  in  review  before  me, 
and  I  appeared  to  myself  more  vile  than  I  suppose 
it  is  possible  for  you  to  conceive.  I  felt,  however, 
and  I  still  feel,  that  if  God  should  lock  me  up  in 
hell,  I  would  attempt  to  praise  him  there  for  his 
great  goodness  towards  me."  Of  this  faithful  la 
borer  in  tho  Master's  vineyard  Dr.  Jeter  says, 
"  lie  was  one  of  the  most  devotedly  pious  men  ho 
had  ever  known/' 

Clough,  Rev.  JohnE.,  the  Teloogoo  missionary, 
whose  labors  in  the  East  have  produced  the  most 
extensive  harvests  gathered  in  any  heathen  field  in 
modern  times,  was  born  July  16,  1836,  near  Frews- 
bury,  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.  When  a  mere  child 
he  was  taken  to  Illinois,  and  soon  after  to  Iowa. 
He  was  in  the  employment  of  the  United  States 
government  with  a  party  of  surveyors  in  Minnesota 
for  four  years,  and  during  this  period  he  became 
thoroughly  acquainted  with  their  business.  As  he 
left  the  wildei'ness  he  resolved  to  perfect  his  educa 
tion  as  his  next  great  duty,  and  to  devote  himself 
to  the  legal  profession  as  his  life-work.  For  this 
purpose  he  entered  Burlington  Collegiate  Institute 
in  Iowa  in  1857,  and  commenced  the  study  of  law 


in  1858.  In  the  college  "  his  attention  was  arrested 
by  the  difference  between  the  character  and  bearing 
of  the  persons  whom  he  had  just  left  and  those 
with  whom  he  was  now  brought  into  hourly  con 
tact.  Immediately  upon  this  came  the  unbidden 
query,  'Why  this  difference?'  What  is  it  that 
makes  everything  here  so  gentle,  kind,  and  pure  as 
compared  with  the  scenes  and  persons  recently 
left?  These  people  read  the  Bible  and  pray  to  God. 
Does  this  fact  point  to  the  source  of  the  contrast 
which  I  see  and  feel,  and  must  confess?  So  his 
thoughts  ran.  His  anxiety  at  length  drove  him  to 
the  Bible,  the  Bible  drew  him  to  the  throne  of 
grace,  and  to  the  life  and  love  of  a  bleeding  Re 
deemer,  and  that  Redeemer  gave  him  peace  in  be 
lieving."  He  was  baptized  by  Dr.  G.  J.  Johnson 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Burlington  church,  whose 
ministry  was  greatly  blessed  to  Mr.  Clough  in 
leading  him  to  Christ,  and  in  counseling  him  when 
ho  found  -Jesus. 

After  his  conversion  he  felt  that  God  had  called 
him  to  be  a  minister,  and  to  proclaim  Jesus  to  the 
most  benighted  people  under  heaven.  He  gradu 
ated  at  Upper  Iowa  University  in  1S62,  and  was 
appointed  a  missionary  to  India  in  August,  1864. 
He  arrived  in  that  country  in  March,  1865,  and 
labored  more  than  a  year  among  the  Teloogoos  at 
Nellore.  In  September,  1866,  he  removed  to 
Ongole.  and  on  the  1st  of  January.  1867.  organized 
a  church  with  X  members;  that  community  at  the 
end  of  187'J  had  13.106  members,  probably  the 
largest  church  in  the  world.  It  has  46  native 
preachers,  and  30  helpers  or  lay  preachers.  Of 
this  throng  of  converts,  3262  were  baptized  at 
Ongole  on  three  successive  days.  From  June  16 
to  July  31,  1878,  8691  persons  were  immersed  in 
the  name  of  the  Trinity.  In  this  mighty  work 
there  was  no  excitement,  and  no  efforts  to  press  the 
people  into  the  church.  Owing  to  special  aid 
which  Mr.  Clough  was  enabled  to  render  the  in 
habitants  in  a  dreadful  famine,  he  delayed  his  great 
baptisms  for  a  considerable  period,  and  sought  help 
from  his  missionary  brethren  to  make  a  careful 
and  protracted  examination  of  the  candidates.  A 
mighty  outpouring  of  the  Spirit  of  God  brought 
this  multitude  to  Jesus,  and  the  same  Spirit  is 
keeping  them  in  the  narrow  and  blessed  way.  Mr. 
Clough  was  the  chief  human  instrument  in  this 
marvelous  work.  And  he  still  toils  in  the  field 
where  grace  has  wrought  such  wonders. 

He  has  a  clear  intellect,  a  powerful  will,  an  or 
derly  mind,  and  a  heart  full  of  love  to  Jesus  and 
perishing  souls.  With  the  strictest  truth  he  might 
say,  "To  me  to  live  is  Christ,''  and  with  equal 
veracity  we  may  declare,  that  Christ  has  given 
eternal  life  through  his  ministry  to  the  greatest 
number  of  converts  ever  brought  into  his  fold,  in  so 
brief  a  space  by  the  labors  of  one  man. 


23G 


conn 


Clovis,  The  Baptism  of.— Clovis  I.  was  liorn 
about  A.I).  4">6.  Jle  \va.s  tin;  enterprising  and  during 
chief  of  a  small  tribe  of  the  Franks  of  Tournai.  In 

a  projected  war  against  the  Alemanni,  in  496,  the 
Frankish  tribes  elected  him  general-in-chiof,  during 
hostilities,  according  to  their  custom.  The  Ale 
manni  were  attacked  at  7/ulpich,  near  Cologne. 
The  battle  was  very  desperate,  and  Clovis  fearing 
defeat,  and  distrusting  his  idols,  prayed  to  the  Clod 
of  his  Christian  wife.  Clotilda,  for  the  victory. 
lie  routed  the  enemy,  and,  according  to  a  vow 
made  on  the  field  of  battle,  he  was  baptized  at 
Kheims,  with  a  large  number  of  his  soldiers  and 
others.  Hincmar,  archbishop  of  Kheims,  in  the 
middle  of  the  ninth  century,  a  successor  of  Remi- 
gius  who  baptized  Clovis.  a  writer  of  great  talents, 
with  all  needful  information,  thus  describes  the 
most  important  event  in  the  early  history  of  France  : 

"The  way  leading  to  the  baptistery  was  put  in 
order:  on  both  sides  it  was  hung  with  painted 
canvas  and  curtains  ;  overhead  there  was  a  pro 
tecting  shade;  the  streets  were  leveled;  the  bap 
tistery  of  the  church  was  prepared  for  the  occasion, 
and  sprinkled  with  balsam  and  other  perfumes. 
Moreover,  the  Lord  bestowed  favor  on  the  people 
that  they  might  think  that  they  were  refreshed 
with  the  sweet  odors  of  Paradise. 

'•  The  holy  pontiff  Remigius,  holding  the  hand 
of  the  king,  went  forth  from  the  royal  residence  to 
the  baptistery,  followed  by  the  queen  and  the  peo 
ple;  the  holy  gospels  preceded  them,  with  all  hymns 
and  spiritual  songs  and  litanies,  and  the  names  of 
the  saints  were  loudly  invoked.  .  .  .  The  blessed 
Remigius  officiated  on  the  solemn  occasion.  .  .  . 
Clovis  having  entered  the  life-giving  fountain,  .  .  . 
after  confessing  the  orthodox  faith  in  answer  to 
questions  put  by  the  holy  pontiff,  icas  baptized  Inj 
trine  immersion  according  to  ecclesiastical  usage 
(seciutdiim  ecclesiasticam  morcin,  baptizntns  est 
triixi  mersione],  in  the  name  of  the  holy  and  undi 
vided  Trinity,  Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Spirit.  .  .  . 
Moreover,  from  his  army  three  thousand  men  were 
liii/ifized.  without  count inf/  women  and  children. 
His  sisters,  also,  Albotledis  and  Landeheldis,  were 
baptized.''  (Vita  Sanot.  Remig.  Patrol.  Lat.,  vol. 
cxxv.  pp.  1160-61,  Migne.  Parisiis.) 

The  name  Clovis  is  the  same  as  Louis,  and,  no 
doubt,  the  candidate  baptized  by  Remigius  gave 
his  name  to  seventeen  subsequent  monarchs  of 
France,  and  a  host  of  other  Frenchmen  and  Ger 
mans.  Clovis  was  the  first  king  of  the  Franks, 
and  his  baptism  is  commemorated  in  French 
paintings,  and  represented  in, pictures  in  French 
books,  and  distributed  throughout  the  nation  in 
handsome  engravings.  The  fine  steel  engraving 
from  which  the  picture  of  the  baptism  of  Clovis 
was  taken  was  purchased  for  the  writer  in  Paris. 
In  primary  French  histories  for,  the  use,  of. 


schools  it  is  common  in  France  to  use  a  wood 
cut  representing  Clovis  in  a  baptistery  nearly 
full  of  water.  We  have  one  of  these  pictures. 
By  the  engraving  accompanying  this  article,  artis 
tic,  historic  France  testifies  that  immersion  was 
the  early  mode  of  baptism. 

Clowes,  Francis,  was  born  at  Ileacham.  Nor 
folk,  England,  Jan.  10,  ISO"),  of  Baptist  parentage. 
lie  entered  Bristol  College  to  prepare  for  the  min 
istry,  having  been  commended  by  the  church  in  his 
native  place,  and  at  the  conclusion  of  the  regular 
course  of  study  he  proceeded  to  Aberdeen  I  nivcr- 
sity.  He  returned  to  Bristol  in  1*31  to  become 
pastor  of  the  Thrinell  Street  church,  and  labored 
there  until,  in  Is3l>.  he  was  appointed  classical  tutor 
of  Horton  College,  now  Rawdon.  He  occupied  this 
post  until  1S.")1.  when  he  retired  in  failing  health. 
The  promotion  of  Baptist  periodical  literature  en- 
irai^ed  his  heartv  sympathy.  He  took  a  leading 
part  in  establishing  and  maintaining  T/tc  C/ttirch 
and  The  Appeal,  monthly  magazines,  and  after  his 
retirement  from  collegiate  work  he  became  one  of 
the  editors  of  The  Freeman.  With  this  weekly 
paper  he  was  connected  for  several  years,  and  ren 
dered  efficient  service  in  his  editorial  capacity  to 
the  various  interests  of  the  denomination.  He  was 
ardent  and  impassioned  in  his  attachment  to  Bap 
tist  principles.  lie  died  suddenly,  May  7,  1873. 

Coats,  Rev.  A.  J.,  is  an  eloquent,  laborious,  and 
successful  pastor,  located  al  Portland,  Oregon,  where 
he  was  ordained  in  September,  1S77.  The  church 
under  his  ministry  has  grown  very  rapidly  in  power 
and  numbers,  and  is  foremost  in  educational  and 
mission  work  for  the  city,  the  State,  and  the  world. 
lie  was  born  at  Schuyler  Lake,  X.  Y.,  Sept.  1, 
1S47.  and  converted  in  1861.  He  graduated  at 
Hamilton  College,  Clinton,  N.  Y.,  in  1874,  and 
from  Rochester  Theological  Seminary  in  1877. 

Cobb,  GoV.  Howell,  one  of  the  most  distin 
guished  of  all  the  great  men  whom  Georgia  has 
produced,  was  born  in  -Jefferson  County,  Sept.  7, 
IS  If).  His  father,  Col.  John  A.  Cobb,  was  a  native 
of  North  Carolina. 

Gov.  Cobb  graduated  at  the  State  University  of 
Georgia  in  the  year  1834,  taking  the  third  honor. 
In  1836  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  and  gave  such 
evidence  of  ability  and  legal  attainments  that  he 
was  elected  by  the  Legislature  solicitor-general  of 
the  Western  Circuit  in  the  year  following.  He 
held  the  office  for  three  years,  and  was  elected  to 
Congress  in  October,  1S4'2,  taking  his  seat  December, 
1S43.  He  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  in 
1849,  and  was  successively  re-elected  three  times. 
In  Congress  he  gained  great  celebrity  by  the  de7 
livery  of  speeches  on  various  subjects;  and  his 
election  to  the  speakership  was  a  flattering  tribute 
to  his  ability  and  integrity.  In  1851  he  was  elected . 
•governor  of  Georgia  by  the  largest  majority  eyer 


conn 


237 


given  in  the  State  up  to  that  period.  lie;  was  re- 
elected  to  Congress  in  1S55.  and  when  Mr.  Bu 
chanan  became  President,  in  1857,  Mr.  Cobb  en 
tered  the  Cabinet  as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
This  position  he  resigned  Dec.  6,  1800,  and  returned 
to  Georgia. 

After  secession,  when  the  Provisional  Congress 
convened  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  Feb.  4,  1801,  to 
form  a  government  and  frame  a  constitution,  lie 
was  elected  president.  When  the  war  began  Gov. 
Cobl>  became  an  active  participant,  and  rose  from 
the  rank  of  colonel  to  that  of  major-general.  After 
the  return  of  peace  he  resumed  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  and  at  once  occupied  a  position  in  the 
front  rank  of  the  legal  brotherhood.  lie  died  sud 
denly  at  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel.  New  York,  while 
on  a  visit  to  that  city  on  the  9th  of  October,  1808, 
aged  fifty-three  years,  one  month  and  two  days. 
No  man  ever  died  in  Georgia  more  lamented  by 
the  lowly,  more  honored  by  the  great.  In  the 
domestic  circle,  as  a  citizen,  at  the  bar.  and  in  the 
loftiest  walks  of  political  life,  he  was  always  the 
amiable,  patriotic,  able,  eloquent,  generous,  and 
benevolent  man.  Xo  public  man  in  the  State  has 
ever  been  more  loved  than  he  ;  non*1  upon  whom 
the  affections  of  so  many  were  concentrated. 
Whether  viewed  as  a  statesman,  orator,  lawyer,  or 
public  man,  he  was  undoubtedly  great, — his  abili 
ties  soared  almost  beyond  the  reach  of  emulation  ; 
yet.  as  a  private  citizen,  a  friend,  and  the  head  of 
a  family,  he  was  still  greater,  and  far  more  admi 
rable.  Hut  to  all  his  other  beauties  and  excellen 
cies  of  character  Gov.  Cobb  added  that  of  being  a 
Christian.  During  his  whole  life  he  had  been  a 
perfect  model  of  all  that  is  noble  and  generous, 
high-minded,  and  charitable:  perhaps  no  higher 
type  of  the  gentleman,  the  friend,  the  master,  the 
father,  the  husband,  existed  ;  but  it  was  only  late 
in  life  that  he  professed  faith  in  Jesus  and  became 
a  Christian.  In  reply  to  a  question  asked  him  by 
his  Baptist  pastor,  he  said,  "  I  accept  Jesus  Christ 
as  divine,  as  the  anointed  Saviour  of  man.  My 
doubts  on  this  subject  are  all  gone.'' 

"General,"  was  the  rejoinder,  t!  do  you  trust  him 
as  your  Saviour?'' 

"I  do,  sir."  he  replied.  Gen.  Cobb  attended  the 
services  of  a  Baptist  church,  and  was  identified  with 
that  denomination  all  his  life. 

Cobb,  Col.  John  A.,  son  of  John  Cobb.  was  born 
in  Virginia,  but  brought  up  in  Xorth  Carolina,  by 
his  maternal  grandfather,  llowell  Lewis,  of  Gran- 
ville.  He  married  Miss  Sarah  R.  Kootes,  of  Fred- 
ericksburg,  Va.,  and  emigrated  to  Georgia,  where 
he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life,  occupying  a  high 
social  position,  and  bringing  up  a  family  most  emi 
nent  for  ability  and  the  highest  mental  and  moral 
excellence.  lie  was  born  July  5,  1783,  and  died  at 
the  age  of  seventy -four,  at  Athens,  Clarke  Co.,  Ga. 


lie  was  a   member  of  the  Baptist  church  in  that 
city. 

lie  was  a  man  distinguished  for  integrity,  gen 
erosity,  and  kindness  of  heart.  The  strictest  mo 
rality  and  uprightness  of  character  marked  his 
whole  life.  A  maxim  of  his  still  revered  by  his 
descendants  is,  '•  If  you  can  say  nothing  in  praise 
of  a  person,  hold  your  tongue.''  While  on  his 
death-bed  lie  calmly  gave  directions  in  regard  to 
his  burial  to  his  youngest  son,  Maj.  John  B.  Cobb: 
then  calling  his  children  and  grandchildren  around 
his  bedside,  the  dying  patriarch  placed  his  ema 
ciated  hands  upon  their  heads  and  blessed  them  in 
the  name  of  the  Father,  Son.  and  Holy  Ghost. 

His  oldest  son  was  Gen.  llowell  Cobb,  who  had 
been  Speaker  of  the  House,  of  Representatives, 
governor  of  Georgia,  and  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
under  President  Buchanan.  His  second  son  was 
Gen.  T.  11.  R.  Cobb,  who  was  killed  at  Fredericks- 
burg,  a  man  of  exalted  worth  and  abilities.  These, 
with  his  loving  wife  and  daughters,  were  present 
at  the  death-scene. 

Thi'  dying  patriarch  requested  his  son.  Gen.  T. 
R.  It.  Cobb.  t  >  lead  in  worship,  as  he  wished  to  go 
to  sleep.  After  a  tearful  prayer,  amid  the  weeping 
of  all  present,  lie  gently  fell  asleep, — the  sleep  that 
knew  no  awakening  till  the  resurrection  morning. 

His  memory  is  held    in    the  highest  veneration 
I  by  one  of  the  largest  and  most  distinguished  family 
connections  in  the  State  of  Georgia. 

Cobb,  E.CV.  N.  B.,  was  born  in  Wayne  Co., 
X.  C.,  Feb.  I.  |8:-iO;  graduated  at  Chapel  Hall,  at 
eighteen,  in  18.") 4  :  taught  school  in  Cabarrus  County 
and  Goldsborough  till  18.">7.  when  he  read  law 
with  Chief  Justice  Pearson,  and  practised  in  Pitt. 
Wayne,  and  Green  Counties  till  October,  185',), 
when  he  left  the  Episcopal  Church,  in  which  he 
had  been  a  vestryman  lor  several  years,  and  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  II.  Petty,  and  ordained  in  Wilson 
in  1800.  the  Presbytery  consisting  of  Revs.  Levi 
Thome.  I.  B.  Solomon,  H.  Petty,  G.  W.  Keene, 
W.  C.  Lacy,  and  -I.  G.  Barclay.  Mr.  Cobb  was 
chaplain  of  the  4th  X.  C.  Regiment  for  a  time,  and 
rendered  distinguished  service  to  the  cause  of  reli 
gion  as  superintendent  of  army  colportage  from 
1802  till  the  close  of  the  war.  After  the  war  ended 
Mr.  Cobb,  in  connection  with  Dr.  J.  D.  llufham. 
edited  the  Dnilij  Record  of  Raleigh  for  six  months  ; 
he  then  became  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Sun 
day-School  Board,  and  has  since  served  as  pastor 
of  the  churches  of  Elizabeth  City;  Second  church 
of  Portsmouth,  Va.  :  Shelby,  X.  C.  ;  Tilesville, 
Rockingham,  and  Fayetteville,  and  1ms  taught 
much  in  connection  with  preaching.  Mr.  Cobb  is 
the  Baptist  statistician  of  Xorth  Carolina,  and  at 
present  the  president  of  the  Baptist  State  Conven 
tion. 

Cobb,  Nathaniel   R.,   was   born  in  Fal mouth. 


conn 


con  nix 


Me.,  near  the  city  of  Portland,  Nov.  3,  1798.  His 
father  dying  when  he  was  very  young,  he  removed 
with  hi.s  mother  to  Plymouth,  Mass.  In  the  six 
teenth  year  of  his  age  he  became  a  clerk  in  the 
store  of  Ripley  it  Freeman,  enterprising  merchants 
in  Boston,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  established 
himself  in  business  as  one  of  the  partners  of  the 
house  of  Freeman  it  Cohb.  He  had  already  become 
a  hopeful  Christian,  and  joined  the  Charles  Street 
Baptist  church,  under  the  ministry  of  Uev.  Dr. 
Sharp.  The  spirit  of  consecration  of  himself,  his 
talents,  and  his  possessions  took  strong  hold  on  Mr. 
Cobb's  mind,  and  he  drew  up  the  following  resolu 
tions,  subscribing  them  with  his,  own  hand,  in 
November,  1821  : 

"  P>v  the  grace  of  God.  I  will  never  be  worth 
over  s'0,000. 

••  Bv  the  irrace  of  find.  I  will  give  one-fourth  of 
the  net  profits  of  my  business  to  charitable  and 
religious  uses. 

"If  I  am  ever  worth  S2<l.0(>(),  I  will  give  one- 
half  of  my  net  profits,  and  if  I  am  ever  worth 
s:jo. ()(>()  I  will  give  three-fourths,  and  the  whole 
.after  850,000. 

'•  So  help  me  God.  or  give  to  a  more  faithful 
steward  and  set  me  aside. 

"  N.  11.  Coins." 

These  resolutions  Mr.  Cobb,  by  "  the  grace  of 
God,"  was  enabled  to  keep  to  the  letter.  It  was 
not  long  before  he  reached,  in  spite  of  some  heavy 
losses,  the  outside  limit  of  $-">(). 0(>0,  which  he  had 
assigned  as  the  sum  with  which  he  would  be  con 
tent.  Nine  years  after  he  was  established  in  busi 
ness  he  offered  a  surplus  of  S7500,  which  hud 
accumulated  in  his  hands,  to  found  a  professorship 
at  Newton.  To  the  theological  institution,  then  in 
its  infancy,  he  gave  at  different  times  some  Si 5,000. 
••  Although  there  is  a  group  of  other  names  asso 
ciated  with  that  now  celebrated  institution,  yet 
eminent  among  the  few  whom  we  honor  as  found 
ers  that  were  benefactors  for  many  j'ears  is  the 
name  of  the  young  merchant  of  Boston.  Nathaniel 
K.  Cobb/' 

Mr.  Cobb's  example,  we  cannot  doubt,  stimulated 
other  men  in  the  business  walks  of  life  to  imitate 
his  course  of  action,  and  did  its  part  in  bringing 
forth  those  generous  sums  which,  by  our  Christian 
merchants,  have  been  given  to  help  on  so  many 
noble  causes.  He  lived  long  enough  to  see  some  of 
the  rich  and  ripe  fruits  of  his  benevolence,  and  to 
thank  God  that  he  had  put  it  into  his  heart  to 
render  to  the  cause  of  Christ  a  service  so  acceptable. 
His  death  occurred  May  24,  1834. 

Cobb,  Gov.  R.  W.,  was  born  in  St.  Clair  Co., 
Ala.,  the  25th  of  February.  1829.  He  is  a  lawyer 
of  distinguished  ability,  an  ex-officer  of  the  Con 
federate  army,  and  the  owner  of  a  large  interest  in 


one  of  the  iron  companies  at  Helena,  Ala.,  where 
he  resides.  lie  was  elected  to  the  State  senate  from 
the  counties  of  Shelby  and  Bibb  in  1872  ;  re-elected 
to  the  senate  from  the  counties  of  Shelby.  Jefferson, 
and  Walker  in  187'i.  and  he  was  elected  president 
of  the  senate  the  succeeding  session  of  the  General 
Assembly.  In  these  positions  he  gained  great 
distinction  and  popularity,  and  he  wan  elected  gov 
ernor  of  the  State  in  1*78.  and  re-elected  to  that 
position  in  18SO,  by  the  largest  vote  ever  polled  in 
Alabama  for  any  candidate.  He  is  a  popular  chief 
executive,  meeting  all  the  demands  of  that  respon 
sible  station.  His  church  membership  is  with  the 
little  church  of  Helena,  after  the  welfare  of  which 
he  watches  with  a  deep  and  active  interest.  Gov. 
Cobb  is  a  genial,  social,  pleasant-spirited  man  : 
plain  and  unpretending,  he  has  the  power  of  draw- 
in  ii  men  around  him  in  confidence  and  affection. 
He  has  been  twice  married,  and  has  a  most  inter 
esting  family. 

Coburn,  GOV.  Abner,  wa<  born  in  that  part  of 
Skowht'uan  which  was  formerly  Bloomfield.  Me.. 
March  22.  1SIJ3.  His  father.  Kleazar  Coburn,  moved 
from  Dracut.  Mass.,  in  1792,  at  the  age  of  fifteen, 


GOV.    A15XEK    (  OIUIJN. 

and  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  in  the  upper  Ken- 
nebec  valley.  He  was  a  farmer  and  land  surveyor. 
Soon  after  arriving  at  age,  Abner,  with  a  younger 
brother.  Philander,  assisted  his  father  in  surveying, 
exploring,  and  appraising  the  million  acres  known 
as  the  "  Bingham  Kennebec  Purchase"  for  the 
Bingham  heirs.  They,  soon  after,  formed  a  co-part 
nership,  under  the  firm-name  of  E.  Coburn  & 
Sons,  which  continued  until  the  death  of  one  of  his 


COBURN 


239 


COCKE 


sons  in  1845.  The  two  Id-others  still  carried  on  the 
business  under  the  firm-name  of  A.  &.  P.  Coburn, 
till  the  death  of  Philander,  in  1870.  Their  prin 
cipal  business  was  lumbering,  including  the  pur 
chase  and  sale  of  land,  and  the  cutting,  driving, 
and  selling  of  logs.  The  company  owns  about 
450,000  acres  in  Maine,  and  about  100,000  in  the 
West. 

Gov.  Coburn  has  always  taken  a  decided  interest 
in  politics,  but  has  been  too  much  engaged  in  busi 
ness  to  be  much  in  public  life.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Legislature  in  1S38.  1840,  and  1S44,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  governor's  council  in  1855  and  1857, 
and  governor  in  1803.  His  largest  public  charities 
have  been  $50.000  to  his  native  county  to  build  a 
court-house,  and  about  $75,000  to  Colby  University, 
formerly  Waterville  College,  of  which  850,000  were 
for  the  endowment  of  Waterville  Classical  Institute. 
Gov.  Coburn  is  characterized  by  a  remarkable 
memory  of  facts,  practical  sagacity,  and  scrupulous 
integrity  and  good  faith  in  business.  lie  is  a  con 
stant  worshiper  at  the  Baptist  church,  taking  a 
deep  interest,  although  not  a  member,  in  all  matters 
that  affect  its  prosperity. 

Coburn,  Samuel  Weston,  was  born  in  Bloom- 
field,  Me.,  July  14,  1815.  lie  was  a  graduate  of 
Waterville  College,  now  Colby  University,  of  the 
class  of  1841.  lie  belonged  to  a  family  of  great 
energy  of  character,  his  father,  Elcazar  Coburn, 
Esq.,  being  one  of  the  wealthiest  and  most  influ 
ential  citizens  of  the  section  of  the  State  in  which 
he  lived.  After  graduating,  Mr.  Coburn  was  en 
gaged  in  business  as  a  merchant  and  manufacturer 
for  twelve  years,  and  spent  the  remainder  of  his 
life  on  his  farm.  lie  was  a  consistent  member  of 
the  Baptist  church,  and  took  a  deep  interest  in 
educational  matters  in  his  native  town  for  many 
years.  He  died  July  30,  1S73. 

Four  brothers  out  of  the  Coburn  family  were 
graduates  of  Wa'terville  College:  Stephen  (class 
of  1839),  Alonzo  and  Samuel  W.  (class  of  1S41), 
and  Charles  (class  of  1844).  They  were  brothers 
of  Gov.  Abner  Coburn. 

Cocke,  Prof.  Charles  Lewis,  was  born  Feb. 
21,  1S20,  in  King  William  Co.,  Va.  lie  was 
trained  in  the  schools  of  the  neighborhood  under 
Maj.  Thomas  Dabney  and  Thomas  II.  Fox.  At 
the  age  of  ten  he  entered  the  Virginia  Baptist  Sem 
inary  (Richmond  College),  where  he  remained 
more  than  two  years,  holding  the  position  of  su 
perintendent  of  the  grounds,  the  school  at  that 
time  being  conducted  on  the  manual  labor  system. 
At  eighteen  he  entered  the  Columbian  College,  and 
after  two  years'  study  graduated  in  1840.  While 
at  college  was  hopefully  converted,  and  baptized 
by  Dr.  0.  B.  Brown  into  the  fellowship  of  the  First 
church  of  Washington,  in  1839,  and  took  at  once 
a  most  active  part  in  all  its  services.  Mr.  Cocke, 


before  his  graduation,  was  called  to  a  tutorship  of 
mathematics  in  the  Virginia  Baptist  Seminary, 
which  he  held  until  1840,  filling  at  the  same  time 
the  position  of  steward  of  the  college.  In  1840  he 
took  charge  of  the  Ilollins  Institute,  at  Botetourt 
Springs,  Va.,  and  by  his  untiring  energy  and  tact 
he  made  it  one  of  the  best  educational  institutions 
for  girls  in  the  entire  South.  (See  article  ROL 
LINS  INSTITUTE.)  Female  education  is  with  him  a 
sacred  duty.  lie  is  striving  to  give  to  daughters 
as  liberal  an  education  as  is  so  freely  offered  to 
sons,  and  he  has  the  happiness  to  know  that  some 
of  the  most  accomplished  and  useful  of  the  women 
of  the  South  received  their  education  under  his 


PROF.  CHARLES    LEWIS    COCKE. 

stimulating  and  judicious  guidance.  \o  man  in 
the  country  perhaps  has  written  so  many  valuable 
practical  articles  for  publication  in  behalf  of  higher 
female  education  as  Prof.  Cocke,  and  they  have 
been  instrumental  in  stimulating  others  in  different 
parts  of  the  country  to  aid  in  the  organization 
of  similar  institutions.  lie  has  been  an  indefati 
gable  laborer  too  in  all  church  work,  acting  as  dea 
con,  superintendent  of  Sunday-schools,  leader  in 
prayer-meetings  and  meetings  for  church  business, 
introducing  new  ministers  into  destitute  regions 
beyond  the  Ridge,  and  encouraging  all  the  benevo 
lent  organizations  of  the  denomination.  He  is  a 
valuable  counselor  in  all  associational  meetings, 
and  has  repeatedly  served  as  moderator  of  those 
bodies.  For  years  previous  to  the  war,  and  during 
its  continuance,  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  re 
ligious  training  of  the  colored  people,  and  they 
greatly  honor  him  for  his  labors  in  their  behalf. 


con 'OOF 


240 


COLBY 


Cohoon,  Rev.  Alwood,  was  l>oi-n  in  1S43  at 
Port  Medway,  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  converted  in 
1SG3  and  baptized  the  following  year.  In  1S71  he 
graduated  from  Acadia  College,  and  in  1S72  was 
ordained  as  pastor  at  Paradise,  Nova  Scotia.  At 
the  present  time  he  has  charge  of  a  church  at 
Hebron,  Nova  Scotia,  and  is  corresponding  secre 
tary  of  the  Board  of  Baptist  Home1  Missions  in  the 
Maritime  Provinces.  He  is  a  good  organizer,  pas 
tor,  and  preacher. 

Colt,  Rev.  Albert,  was  born  Oct.  1.  1S37,  in  the 
town  of  Hastings.  Os\vego  Co.,  N.  Y.  He  worked 
on  his  father's  farm  until  nineteen  years  of  age, 
receiving  his  early  education  in  the  district  schools. 


June,  1H70,  he  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the  Wells- 
ville  Baptist  church,  where  he  still  remains.  Dur 
ing  the  second  seminary  year  Mr.  Coit  was  em 
ployed  by  the  Congregational  church  of  Brighton, 
Monroe  County,  to  supply  their  pulpit,  and  the 
following  vacation  by  the  Rhincbeck  church  on  the 
Hudson.  It  was  during  his  period  of  service  lor 
this  church  that  Hon.  William  Kelly  made  a  public 
profession  of  faith  and  joined  the  church,  being 
baptized  by  Rev.  William  II.  Williams.  D.I). 

Mr.  Coit  is  an  able  preacher,  of  decided  convic 
tions,  a  thorough  Baptist  because  of  the  severe  dis 
cipline  which  led  him  to  become  one.  Still  a  young 
man,  he  commands  the  respect  of  the  brotherhood 


At  nineteen  he  began  bis  academic,  studies  at 
Mexico,  Oswego  County  ;  completed  them  at  Valley 
Seminary  in  the  same  county.  In  1 862  he  entered 
Genesee  College,  Lima,  N.  Y.,  and  two  years  later 
the  Junior  class  of  the  University  of  llochester, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1SG(J,  and  from  the 
theological  seminary  in  18(59.  His  parents  were 
Presbyterians,  but  be  early  in  life  became  con 
vinced  that  the  Baptists  were  nearer  the  truth,  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Central  Square, 
his  native  village. 

While  at  college  at  Lima,  he  was  licensed  to 
preach,  and  while  at  the  theological  seminary 
was  ordained  assistant  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Rochester,  to  take  charge  of  its  Lake 
Avenue  mission,  now  Lake  Avenue  church.  In 


throughout  a  wide  section  of  the  State,  and  is  a 
recognized  leader  in  his  Association.  His  publica 
tions  are  mainly  through  the  newspaper  press. 

Colby  Academy. — -This  institution  is  located  in 
New  London.  N.  II.  Prof.  E.  J.  McKwan,  A.M., 
is  at  its  head  ;  it  lias  four  gentlemen  and  three 
ladies  engaged  in  imparting  instruction.  Last  year 
it  had  93  students.  It  has  property  worth  $175,000. 
Its  endowment  amounts  to  $94,000.  Colby  Acad 
emy  has  been  a  great  blessing  to  its  numerous 
pupils,  and  to  the  families  and  communities  brought 
under  their  influence.  Its  prospects  for  continued 
and  increased  usefulness  are  very  bright. 

Colby,  Hon.  Anthony,  was  born  in  New  London, 
N.  II..  Nov.  13.  1792.  His  father.  Joseph  Colby, 
established  himself  in  that  place  in  his  early  man- 


COLBY 


241 


hood,  having  removed  from  his  home  in  Massachu 
setts  from  motives  of  enterprise  and  independence, 
which  always  characterized  him. 

Anthony  was  his  second  son.  From  childhood 
he  evinced  great  fitness  for  practical  life.  His  na 
ture  was  eminently  sympathetic, — inheriting  from 
his  mother  a  keen  discernment  of  character,  he 
knew  men  by  intuition. 

Having  heen  trained  in  a  strict!}-  orthodox,  Chris 
tian  household,  and  growing  up  amidst  most  im 
pressive  natural  scenery,  he  was  strong,  honest, 
cheerful,  and  heroic. 

He  married  early  in  life  Mary  Everett,  a  lady  of 
gentleness  and  delicacy,  whose  religious  character 
alwavs  influenced  him. 


lie  dated  his  conversion  at  an  early  age,  hut  did 
not  make  a  Christian  profession  until  after  his 
second  marriage,  to  Mrs.  Eliza  Richardson,  of  Bos 
ton,  who  was  baptized  with  him  by  Rev.  Reuben 
Sawyer,  in  1843,  when  they  both  joined  the  Bap 
tist  church  of  his  native  town,  of  which  he  had 
been  for  many  years  a  faithful  supporter.  At  this 
time  his  father,  Joseph  Colby,  died,  having  been 
for  more  than  fifty  years  a  pillar  in  the  church  and 
denomination. 

Anthony  succeeded  him  in  religious  responsi 
bilities,  and  entertaining  the  same  strong  doctrinal 
views,  did  much  towards  consolidating  the  interests 
of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  State. 

Naturally  intrepid,  he  originated  and  carried  on 
a  variety  of  business  operations  much  in  advance 
of  his  times,  and  fearlessly  assumed  the  responsi 
bilities  of  a  leader.  Identified  with  the  militia, 


railroads,  manufactures,  legislative,  educational, 
and  religious  interests  of  his  native  State,  he  held 
places  of  trust  in  connection  with  them  all.  He 
was  major-general  of  the  militia,  president  of  a 
railroad,  an  owner  of  factories,  an  organizer  of 
Conventions,  a  trustee  of  Dartmouth  College,  and 
in  1S4G  governor  of  the  State. 

lie  was  as  active  and  successful  in  politics  as  in 
business.  He  was  a  personal  friend  of  Daniel 
Webster,  as  his  father  had  been  with  Mr.  Webster's 
father  before  him.  lie  was  adjutant-general  of  the 
militia  of  the  State  during  the  war,  both  at  home 
and  in  the  field. 

He  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  kindness  and 
bravery.  His  wit  and  brilliancy  made  him  socially 
a  favorite,  while  he  was  always  faithful  in  his 
friendships,  honorable  and  noble  in  every  sentiment 
of  his  heart. 

The  last  work  of  his  life  was  an  effort  to  establish 
upon  a  substantial  basis  the  educational  institution 
of  his  native  town,  to  which  the  trustees  have  given 
his  name. 

He  died  peacefully  July  13,  1873,  at  the  age  of 
eighty  years,  in  the  home  of  his  father,  in  which 
he  always  lived,  and  he  was  buried  in  the  cemetery 
by  the  side  of  his  parents. 

Colby,  Hon.  Charles  L.,  a  son  of  Gardner  and 
Mary  L.  R.  Colby,  was  born  in  1839  at  Boston  High 
lands,  formerly  Roxbury,  Mass.  He  was  educated 
at  Brown  University,  and  graduated  in  the  class 
of  1S.")8;  married  in  1864  to  Anna  S.  Knowlton, 
of  Brooklyn.  X.  Y.  Mr.  Colby  has  been  six  years 
a  resident  of  Milwaukee.  Wis.  He  is  the  president 
of  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  Company.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  .Wisconsin  Legislature  in  the 
winter  of  1880,  and  is  a  trustee  of  Brown  Univer 
sity.  Although  occupying  high  and  responsible 
public  and  commercial  positions  requiring  much 
time  and  labor,  Mr.  Colby  is  widely  known  as  an 
active  and  earnest  Christian  worker.  He  is  a  mem 
ber  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Milwaukee,  and 
the  superintendent  of  its  Sunday-school.  His 
Christian  and  benevolent  labors  are  not  confined 
to  his  own  church  and  denomination,  but  are  ex 
tended  to  almost  every  Christian  work  of  the  city 
and  State  in  which  he  resides. 

Colby,  Gardner,  was  born  in  Bowdoinham.  Me., 
Sept.  3,  1810.  The  death  of  his  father,  whose 
fortune  was  lost  in  consequence  of  the  war  with 
England  in  1812—15.  devolved  upon  his  mother,  a 
woman  of  great  energy  of  character,  the  care  of 
three  sons.  To  meet  the  wants  of  her  growing 
family  she  removed  to  Charlestown,  Mass.,  and 
undertook  a  business  which  in  her  skillful  hands 
proved  successful.  Having  secured  for  himself  the 
rudiments  of  a  good  education,  young  Colbv,  after 
an  experience  of  a  year's  application  to  the  grocery 
business,  opened  a  retail  dry-goods  store  in  Boston 


COLBY 


COLBY   UNIVERSITY 


when  he  was  but  twenty  years  of  age.  His  energy 
.and  prudence  were  rewarded,  and  after  the  lapse 
of  a  few  years  he  established  himself  as  a  jobber 
in  the  city,  with  whose  business  interests  he  was 
identified  for  the  remainder  of  his  life.  Not  con 
fining  his  attention  wholly  to  his  regular  business, 
lie  embarked  in  enterprises  which  his  mercantile 
sagacity  assured  him  would  be  successful.  He 
was  largely  interested  at  one  time  in  navigation, 
and  was  extensively  engaged  in  the  China  trade. 
He  made  profitable  investments  in  ''  South  Cove" 
lands  in  Boston.  The  manufacture  of  woolen 
goods  in  his  hands  became  very  profitable,  and 
during  the  late  war  he  was  one  of  the  largest  con 
tractors  for  the  supply  of  clothing  for  the  soldiers 
of  the  Union  army.  In  JS70  he  received  the  ap 
pointment  of  president  of  the  Wisconsin  Central 


GARDNER    COLIiY. 

Railroad,  and  gave  to  the  great  work  of  building 
a  road,  some  34U  miles  in  length,  and  much  of  it 
through  primeval  forests,  the  best  thought  of  his 
ever  active,  fertile  brain. 

But,  as  has  been  well  said,  "  Mr.  Colby  has  been 
known  chiefly  by  his  benevolence.  His  gifts  have 
been  large  and  uniform  and  cheerful.  In  early 
manhood  he  was  associated  with  those  noble  lay 
men,  Cobb  and  Farwell,  and  Freeman  and  Kendall, 
and  the  Lincolns,  Ensign  and  Ileman.  He  caught 
their  spirit,  and  set  a  blessed  example  by  the  large 
ness  of  his  gifts.  He  began  to  give  freely  as  clerk 
with  a  small  salary,  and  gave  liberally  from  that 
time  to  the  day  of  his  death.  He  gave  on  princi 
ple,  and  no  worthy  claimant  was  turned  from  his 
door.  His  courage  and  hopefulness  did  much  to 


save  X'ewton  and  Waterville  in  dark  hours,  and 
his  large  donations  stimulated  others  to  create  the 
endowments  which  assured  the  future  prosperity 
of  these  institutions.  His  benefactions  were  lib 
eral  to  Brown  University  and  other  institutions, 
and  flowed  in  a  perennial  stream  to  the  Missionary 
Union  and  other  agencies  for  Christian  work  at 
home  and  abroad."  IIvs  gift  of  S5(),000  to  what 
was  AVaterville  College  led  to  the  change  which 
took  place  in  the  name  of  that  institution,  causing 
it  thenceforth  to  be  known  as  Colby  University. 
Mr.  Colby  was  chosen  a  trustee  of  Brown  Univer 
sity  in  1855,  and  held  that  office  up  to  the  time  of 
his  death.  For  many  years  he  was  the  treasurer 
of  the  Xewton  Theological  Institution,  and  he  con 
tributed  most  liberally  to  its  endowment.  As  an 
honored  and  benevolent  layman  of  the  Baptist 
denomination  his  name  will  go  down  to  posterity, 
and  his  memory  be  long  cherished  as  the  wise 
counselor  and  the  generous  benefactor,  who  lived 
and  planned  for  the  glory  of  his  Lord  and  the 
highest  spiritual  interests  of  those  whom  he  sought 
to  bless.  Mr.  Colby  died  at  his  residence  in  Xew 
ton  Centre,  Mass.,  April  2,  1879,  aged  sixty-eight 
years  and  seven  months. 

Colby,  Rev.  Henry  F.,  A.M.,  son  of  lion. 
Gardner  and  Mrs.  Mary  L.  II.  Colby,  was  born  at 
Koxbury  (now  Boston  Highlands),  Mass.,  Nov.  25. 
1X42,  and  spent  his  childhood  and  youth  at  Newton 
Centre,  Mass.  In  18G2  he  graduated  with  the 
honor  of  the  Latin  salutatory  of  Brown  University. 
After  nearly  a  year  spent  abroad,  he  went  through 
a  course  of  study  with  the  class  of  1867  at  Xewton 
Theological  Seminary  ;  was  ordained  to  the  work 
of  the  ministry  as  pastor  of  the  First  church  at 
Dayton,  0.,  January,  18G8,  where  he  still  remains. 

Mr.  Colby  has  published  a  class  poem,  a  poem 
before  a  convention  of  the  Alpha  Delta  Phi  Fra 
ternity,  a  discussion  on  restricted  communion,  a 
memoir  of  his  father,  Gardner  Colby,  and  occasional 
sermons.  lie  is  closely  identified  with  educational 
and  denominational  work  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  and 
is  much  esteemed  both  as  a  preacher  and  pastor. 

Colby  University, — The  institution  which  now 
bears  this  name,  began  its  existence  as  the  majority 
of  our  Baptist  seats  of  learning  commenced  life,  in 
a  very  humble  way.  An  act  was  passed  by  the 
Legislature  of  Massachusetts,  Feb.  27,  1813,  estab 
lishing  a  corporation  under  the  title  of  "  The  Presi 
dent  and  Trustees  of  the  Maine  Literary  and  Theo 
logical  Institution,''  and  endowing  it  with  a  town 
ship  of  land,  a  few  miles  above  the  city  of  Bangor. 
It  was  a  very  good  timber  section,  but  a  most  un 
suitable  place  in  which  to  commence  a  literary 
and  theological  seminary.  There  is  some  reason  to 
suspect,  as  President  Champlin  has  suggested,  that 
"it  was  a  cunning  device  to  defeat  the  whole  pro 
ject,  or  at  least,  to  secure  in  this  case,  as  formerly, 


COLBY   UNIVERSITY 


244 


that  if  tho  voice  ol'Jolin  the  Baptist  must  bo  heard 
at  all,  it  should  bo  heard  only  '  crying  in  the  wilder 
ness  !'"  Not  thinking  it.  worth  while  to  attempt 
to  coniinenoo  an  enterprise  in  a  location  where  sure 
disaster  and  defeat  would  bo  the  consequence,  the 
corporation  obtained  tho  consent  of  tho  Legislature 
to  start  the  now  institution  in  any  town  in  Somer 
set  or  Konnebec  Counties.  "\Vatorville.  now  one 
of  tho  most  attractive  villages  on  tho  banks  of  the 
Kennoboc  River,  was  the  site  selected.  Rev.  .Jere 
miah  Chaplin,  of  Danvers.  Mass.,  was  chosen  Pro 
fessor  of  Theology,  and  Rev.  Irah  Chase,  of  West- 
ford.  Vt.,  Professor  of  Languages,  and  the  1st  of 
May,  ISIS,  was  the  day  appointed  to  commence  in 
struction  in  tho  institution.  Prof.  Chaplin  accepted 
his  appointment,  but  Prof.  Chase  declining  his, 
liev.  Avery  Briggs  was  chosen  Professor  of  Lan 
guages,  and  commenced  his  duties  October,  1819. 
The  Professor  of  Theology  brought  several  pupils 
with  him,  who  were  already  in  training  for  the 
ministerial  office. 

In  1820  the  Legislature  of  Maine,  now  an  inde 
pendent  State,  granted  to  the  institution  a  charter, 
by  virtue  of  which  it  was  invested  with  collegiate 
powers,  and  took  the  name  of  Waterville  College. 
Tho  first  elected  president  was  Rev.  Daniel  II. 
Barnes,  of  New  York,  a  gentleman  of  fine  culture, 
and  possessing  rare  qualifications  for  the  position 
to  Avhich  ho  was  invited.  Mr.  Barnes  declined  the 
call  which  had  been  extended  to  him.  The  corpo 
ration  then  elected  Prof.  Chaplin  to  the  presidential 
chair,  and  added  to  the  faculty  Rev.  Stephen  Chapin 
as  Professor  of  Theology.  The  first  class  which 
graduated  was  in  1S20,  and  consisted  of  two  per 
sons,  one  of  whom  was  Rev.  George  Dana  Board- 
man,  the  story  of  whose;  missionary  life  is  invested 
with  so  thrilling  an  interest.  Mr.  Boardman.  im 
mediately  on  graduating,  was  appointed  tutor. 

The  new  institution  was  now  fairly  started  on  its 
career  of  usefulness.  An  academy  was  commenced, 
with  the  design  to  make  it  what  it  lias  so  generously 
proved  to  be,  a  feeder  of  the  college.  A  mechanic's 
shop  also  was  erected,  to  furnish  such  students  as 
wished  to  earn  something  by  their  personal  labor 
an  opportunity  to  do  so.  The  academy  lived  and 
ripened  into  the  vigorous,  healthy  institution  now 
known  as  the  "Waterville  Classical  Institute." 
The  mechanic's  shop,  after  a  twelve  years'  experi 
ment,  was  adjudged  on  the  whole  to  be  a  failure. 
Meanwhile,  the  needed  college  buildings  were,  one 
after  another,  erected.  The  usual  experience  of 
most  institutions  starting  into  life  as  this  had  done 
was  the  experience  of  Waterville  College.  There 
was  self-denial  on  the  part  of  teachers,  an  appeal 
in  all  directions  for  funds  to  carry  on  the  enterprise  ; 
stru<r(Tles.  sometimes,  for  very  life;  alternations  of 

Oc">  '  *- 

hope  and  despondency  on  the  part  of  its  friends  ; 
but    yet    gradual    increase    of    strength,    growing 


ability  to  carry  th"  burden  of  responsibility  which 
had  been  assumed,  and  a  deeper  conviction  that  a 
favoring  Providence  would  grant  enlarged  success 
in  duo  time.  To  its  first  president.  Rev.  l>r.  Chap 
lin,  it  owes  a  debt  of  gratitude  and  respect,  of  which 
it  never  should  lose  sight. 

President  Chaplin  resigned  after  thirteen  years 
of  toil  and  sacrifice  endured  for  the  college,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Rufus  Babcock,  D.D.,  who 
remained  in  office  from  1833  to  1S3G.  The  next 
president,  Rev.  Robert  E.  Pattison,  !>.!>. .  was  also 
throe  years  in  office,  from  1836  to  1S3U.  His  suc 
cessor  was  Eliphaz  Fay,  who  was  in  office  from 
1S41  to  1843.  and  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  David  X. 
Sheldon,  D.I).,  who  was  president  nine  years,  from 
1S43  to  1852.  Upon  the  resignation  of  President 
Sheldon,  Dr.  Pattison  was  recalled,  and  continued 
in  office  another  three  years,  from  1S">4  to  lSf>7. 
His  successor  was  Rev.  James  T.  Champlin.  D.D., 
who  had  filled  the  chair  of  Professor  of  the  Greek 
and  Latin  Languages  from  1841.  His  term- of  ser 
vice  commenced  in  IS.")",  and  closed  in  1873.  The 
present  incumbent  is  Rev.  II.  E.  Robins.  D.D..  who 
was  elected  in  1873. 

Colby  University  takes  its  name  from  Gardner 
Colby,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  whose  generous  gifts  to 
tho  college  place  him  among  the  munificent  patrons 
of  our  seats  of  learning.  Its  endowment  is  suffi 
ciently  large  to  moot  its  present  necessities,  but 
will  need  additions  to  it  with  the  increasing  wants 
of  the  institution.  It  may  reasonably  congratulate 
itself  on  the  general  excellence  of  its  buildings, 
which  are  Chaplin  Hall.  South  College.  Champlin 
Hall,  Coburn  Hall,  and  Memorial  Hall.  The  first 
two  of  these  are  dormitories  of  the  students,  the 
•  third  contains  the  pleasant  recitation-rooms,  the 
fourth  is  used  for  the  department  of  Chemistry 
and  Natural  History,  and  the  last  named,  built  to 
honor  the  memory  of  the  alumni  who  fell  in  their 
country's  service  during  the  late  civil  war.  has  in 
its  eastern  Aving  the  university  library,  with  its 
15.000  volumes  and  7500  pamphlets,  and  in  its 
western  wing  the  college  chapel,  a  room  40  by  38 
feet  in  dimensions.  The  university  has  also  an  ob 
servatory  and  a  gymnasium.  Three  institutions 
in  tho  State  have  boon  brought  into  close  connec 
tion  with  the  university, — the  Waterville  Classical 
Institute,  the  Hebron  Academy,  and  the  lloulton 
Academy, — all  these  are  "  feeders''  of  the  univers 
ity.  There  are  at  present  62  scholarships,  founded 
by  churches  or  individuals,  yielding  from  S36  to 
$00  a  year.  The  regular  expenses  which  the  stu 
dent  incurs  are  placed  as  low  as  they  can  reason 
ably  be  put.  and  no  really  deserving  young  man 
will  be  suffered  to  dissolve  his  connection  with  the 
university  if  he  is  in  earnest  to  prosecute  his 
studies  with  diligence  and  fidelity. 

Cole,  Rev.  Addison  Lewis,  was  born  in  Cul> 


COLE 


pepper  Co.,  V;i.,  Feb.  (J,  1831.  The  family  moved 
to  ('ass  Co.,  111.,  in  1833,  where  he  lived  on  a  farm 
until  1858.  He  was  converted  and  baptized  at  the 


age  of  seventeen.  In  1858  he  entered  Shurtleff 
College.  111.,  graduating  with  honor  in  1802.  He 
was  then  ordained,  and  afterwards  studied  theology 
at  Shurtleff,  graduating  in  1800.  He  was  pastor  at 
0  \vatonn  a,  Minn.  ;  Milwaukee,  AY  is.  ;  and  Minne 
apolis,  Minn.  Constant  revivals  characterized 
these  pastorates.  The  churches  grew  rapidly  in 
numbers,  strength,  and  permanent  influence.  He 
was  two  years  chaplain  to  the  Minnesota  senate. 
Health  failing,  he  was  unable  to  preach  from  1871 
to  1877.  From  1874  to  1877,  in  order  to  gain  and 
retain  health,  he  studied  hygienic  medicine  at  a 
celebrated  institute  in  New  York.  In  1877  he  be 
gan  preaching  again  at  St.  Cloud.  Minn.,  with  his 
usual  success,  and  in  1878  he  moved  to  California, 
in  response  to  a  call  from  the  First  Baptist  church, 
Sacramento,  which  lie  served  one  year,  and  in  1S79 
he  assumed  charge  of  the  church  at  Dixon.  Mr. 
Cole  is  secretary  of  the  board  of  California  Col 
lege  ;  an  independent  thinker,  a  strong  and  vigorous 
writer,  a  sound  theologian,  an  industrious,  consci 
entious  student,  a  magnetic,  eloquent  speaker,  and 
a  man  of  marked  influence  among  the  Baptists  of 
California. 

Cole,  George,  was  born  at  Sterling,  Conn..  June 
22,  1808  :  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1834  ; 
was  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  Granville  College, 
0.,  1834-37  ;  became  editor  of  the  Cross  and  Jour 
nal  (now  Journal  and  Messenycr],  Cincinnati,  O., 
in  1838,  and  continued  in  that  position  nine  years. 


From  1847  to  1856  engaged  in  business,  being  part 
of  the  time  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Cincinnati 
Gazette;  again  took  charge  of  the  Journal  and 
Messenger  in  1850,  and  continued  as  its  editor  until 
1804,  when  failing  health  compelled  him  to  resign; 
died  in  Dayton,  Ky..  July  14,  1808. 

Cole,  Rev.  Isaac,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Baltimore 
Co.,  Md.,  Sept.  13.  1800.  lie  was  educated  for  the 
medical  profession,  and  graduated  at  the  University 
of  Maryland  in  1827,  after  which  he  entered  upon 
its  practice  in  the  city  of  Baltimore.  In  1830  he 
became  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  serving  as  a  local  preacher  for  about  fifteen 
years,  and  was  then  ordained  an  elder.  Having 
changed  his  views  with  regard  to  baptism  and  cer 
tain  doctrinal  points,  he  withdrew  from  the  Meth 
odist  Church  by  certificate,  and  was  baptized  by  the 
Jlev.  Dr.  Fuller,  on  Sept.  28,  1851.  and  was  ordained 
Oct.  5,  1851.  In  1852,  Dr.  Cole  relinquished  the 
practice  of  medicine  and  became  pastor  of  the  Sec 
ond  Baptist  church,  AYashington.  D.  C.  During 
his  first  year  here  a  new  house  of  worship  was 
erected,  and  during  his  pastorate  (JG  persons  were 
baptized.  In  1S55,  Dr.  Cole  became  pastor  of  the 
North  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia,  and  during  his 
stay  with  them,  which  was  a,  little  more  than  three 
years,  the  membership  increased  from  140  to  400. 
In  1858  lie  became  pastor  of  the  Thirteenth  Street 
Baptist  church,  AYashington.  and  continued  to  act 
as  such  until  the  union  of  the  Thirteenth  Street 


REV.    ISAAC    COLE.    M.D. 


and  the  First  Baptist  church  took  place,  Sept.  25, 
1859.  In  1800  he  became  pastor  of  the  Lee  Street 
Baptist  church,  Baltimore,  and  while  there  he  built 


COLE 


COLE 


for  them  a  new  house  of  worship,  and  baptized  a 
large  number  into  the  fellowship  of  the  church. 
Benin;  urgently  invited  a  second  time  to  become 
pastor  of  the  Xorth  church,  Philadelphia,  Dr.  Cole 
accepted,  and  during  the  four  years  lie  was  with 
this  church  upwards  of  a  hundred  persons  were 
baptized.  After  leaving  the  Xorth  church  he  filled 
the  pulpit  of  the  Eleventh  church  for  a  time. 
From  Philadelphia  he  went  to  Westminster,  Md., 
and  there  built  another  house  of  worship  for  the 
denomination.  Feb.  1,  1878.  he  became  pastor  of 
Second  Baptist  church  of  Washington,  1>.  C.  (the 
Navy-Yard  church),  where  he  has  been  very  suc 
cessful  in  his  labors,  baptizing  quite  a  large  num 
ber,  and  greatly  improving  and  beautifying  their 
house  of  worship. 

Cole,   Jirah  D.,   D.D.,  was    born    in    Catskill, 
X.  Y..Jan.  14.  1802.     His  father,  though  educated  a 
Presbyterian,  was  a  decided  Baptist  in  conviction. 
The  son  was  a  subject  of  various  impressions  from 
childhood,  but  was  finally  awakened  under  a  ser 
mon  by  Rev.  Howard  Malcom.  then  a  young  pastor 
in  Hudson,  and  speedily  found  peace  in  believing. 
On  Sabbath.  4th   March,  1821,  he  was  baptized  at 
Catskill.  in  company  with  his  father  and  others. 
Au<£.  23.  1822,  having  decided  to  prepare   for  the 
ministry,  he  entered   the  Literary  and  Theological 
Institution  at   Hamilton,  then  under   the  care   of 
Prof.  Daniel  Hascall.    Jonathan  Wade  and  Eugenio 
Kincaid  had  just  graduated  in  the  first  class  sent 
out.     A  lively  missionary  spirit  had  been  aroused. 
and  a  missionary  society  formed,  of  which  Mr.  Cole 
Avas  chosen  corresponding  secretary.     At  that  time 
it  was  ascertained  that  there  were  only  two  such 
societies  in  the  country,  one  at  Andover,  the  other 
at  Auburn.     He  graduated  in  1826,  and  almost  im 
mediately  his  active  ministry  began  with  the  church 
in  Greenville,  X.  Y.     His  ordination,  however,  took 
place  at  Ogden,  Sept.  12,  1827,  of  which  church  he 
became  pastor,  and  so  remained  until  Xov.  21 ,  1831, 
having  in  the  mean  time  baptized  57.      His  sub 
sequent  labors  in  Xew  York  were  three  years  at 
Fredonia,  several  months  as  supply  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church   of  Rochester,   where   he  baptized 
between  40  and  50,  another  supply  of  some  months 
at  Parma   Corners,  and   two   and  a  half  years  at 
Fabius.     He  then  entered  the  service  of  the  Mis 
sionary  Union  as  agent,  upon  the  earnest  and  re 
peated  solicitations  of  Elder  Alfred  Bennett,  the 
first  year  being  spent  in  Xew  York,  and  the  second 
in  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  and  Missouri.    Resigning 
this  agency  in  1841,  he  served  as  pastor  two  years 
at  Ithaca,  X.  Y.,  accepting  then  an  agency  for  the 
Home  Mission  Society  in  Maine.  Xew  Hampshire, 
and  Vermont.     In   1843   he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Whitesborough,  X.  Y..  and  remained  there 
some  five  years,  serving    meanwhile   also  as   cor 
responding    secretary    of   the    State    Convention. 


Thence  to  Xunda  in  1848.  In  1850  he  was  offered 
the  Northwestern  agency  for  foreign  missions,  his 
location  to  be  at  Chicago.  This  he  accepted,  con 
tinuing  in  the  service  seven  and  a  half  years.  He 
then  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Delavan  ;  in 
i860,  of  the  church  in  Barry,  111.,  subsequent  pas 
torates  being  at  Valparaiso,  Ind.  ;  Galva,  Cordova, 
Atlanta,  Lockport,  and  Rozetta,  111.,  where  he  is 
now  laboring  with  vigor  and  success,  in  spite  of  his 
advancing  years  and  infirmity  of  health. 

Dr.  Cole  has  rendered  important  service  with  his 
pen,  not  only  as  secretary,  but  as  author  and  com 
piler  of  different  works.  He  was  one  of  the  edi 
torial  committee  in  preparing  the  memorial  volume 
of  the  first  half-century  of  Madison  University, 
performing  a  large  amount  of  valuable  work.  He 
had  previously  prepared  a  "  History  of  the  Rock 
Island  Association."  Having  been  appointed  his 
torian  of  the  Baptists  for  the  State  of  Illinois,  he 
has,  Avith  great  labor  and  fidelity,  prepared  a 
work  which,  although  it  remains  in  manuscript,  is 
one  of  great  value.  Dr.  Cole's  ministry  of  over 
fifty  years  has  been  one  of  signal  activity  and  use 
fulness. 

Cole,  Hon.  Nathan,  M.C.,  was  born  July  26, 
1821.  His  father  came  to  St.  Louis  in  1821.  from 


HON.   XATHAN    COLE,   M.C. 

Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y.  In  1842  he  professed  religion 
at  Alton,  and  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis  since  1852.  He  is  a 
diligent  student  of  God's  AVord  now,  and  he  loves 
to  expound  it  in  Sunday-schools.  In  1869  he  was 
chosen  mayor  of  St.  Louis,  and  he  filled  the  office 
to  the  great  satisfaction  of  his  fellow-citizens.  In 


COLE  MAN 


247 


COLEMAN 


1870  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Merchants' 
Exchange.  In  the  autumn  of  the  same  year  he  was 
sent  to  Congress  to  represent  the  second  district 
of  Missouri.  lie  is  vice-president  of  the  St.  Louis 
National  Bank  of  Commerce.  In  1803  he  took  an 
active  part  in  building  the  first  grain-elevator  in 
St.  Louis.  Nathan  Cole  is  a  friend  to  the  poor, 
to  education,  and  to  religion.  lie  has  given  large 
amounts  to  sustain  and  advance  the  cause  of  Jesus, 
and  to  further  public  interests.  He  is  a  firm  Bap 
tist,  with  a  large  scriptural  charity.  Mr.  Cole  has 
been  sought  by  offices,  but  he  aspires  to  no  public 
position.  lie  is  one  of  the  most  enlightened,  un 
selfish,  and  blameless  men  that  ever  occupied  a  seat 
in  Congress. 

Coleman,  James  Smith,  D.D.,  was  the  only 
child  of  pious  German  parents,  and  was  born  in 


JAMES    SMITH    COLEMAN,   K.D. 

Ohio  Co.,  Ky..  Feb.  23,  1S27.  In  early  childhood 
he  displayed  a  great  fondness  for  books,  and  being 
taught  by  his  parents  to  read,  he  eagerly  sought 
instruction.  At  the  age  of  eleven  he  was  converted, 
and  soon  after  was  baptized  by  Alfred  Taylor  into 
the  fellowship  of  Beaver  Dam  Baptist  church.  In 
obtaining  his  education  he  labored  under  the  dis 
advantages  incidental  to  frontier  life,  and  at  the 
age  of  seventeen  commenced  teaching  school  and 
attending  a  seminary  alternately.  In  his  fifteenth 
year  he  communicated  to  his  mother  the  fact  of  his 
being  powerfully  impressed  with  a  call  to  preach 
the  gospel.  This  he  resisted,  and  commenced  the 
study  of  medicine.  Abandoning  this  pursuit,  he 
applied  himself  to  the  study  of  law.  He  was 
elected  sheriff  of  his  county,  then  commissioned 


brigadier-general  of  the  militia,  but  yielded  to  the 
irresistible  convictions  of  duty  to  preach  the  gospel. 
lie  was  ordained  in  October,  1854,  and  became  the 
pastor  of  four  churches,  preaching  much  among 
the  destitute  with  remarkable  success.  He  rapidly 
increased  in  popularity  and  influence.  In  1857 
he  was  elected  moderator  of  Gasper  River  Asso 
ciation,  and  in  1859  was  chosen  moderator  of  the 
General  Association  of  Kentucky  Baptists,  hold 
ing  the  position  until  1873.  He  also  served  the 
General  Association  as  State  evangelist  several 
years.  He  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
church  in  Owensborough,  Ky.,  in  1878,  and  served 
one  year,  during  which  250  members  were  added 
to  the  church,  lie  resigned  on  account  of  impaired 
health.  He  is  now  (1880)  pastor  of  Walnut  Street 
church  in  Owensborough.  During  his  ministry  he 
has  baptized  over  3000  persons,  about  700  of  whom 
were  from  other  denominations. — principally  Meth 
odists.  Among  the  latter  may  lie  mentioned  Rev. 
W.  P.  Yeaman,  D.D..  now  of  Glasgow.  Mo. 

Coleman,  Prof.  Lewis  Minor,  was  born  in 
Hanover  Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  3.  1827.  He  was  the  son 
of  Thomas-  B.  Coleman,  an  honored  citizen  of  Caro 
lina  County,  and  for  several  years  its  representative 
in  the  Virginia  Assembly.  Until  the  age  of  twelve 
young  Coleman  received  an  excellent  training  under 
his  mother,  a  pious  and  highly-accomplished  lady. 
At  that  period  he  entered  Col.  Fontain's  school,  and 
in  1841,  Concord  Academy,  an  institution  of  high 
grade  under  the  charge  of  his  distinguished  uncle, 
F.  W.  Coleman,  afterwards  Virginia  State  senator. 
His  progress  here  was  so  rapid  and  thorough  that, 
in  1844,  when  only  seventeen,  he  entered  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia,  and  graduating  in  all  its  schools 
with  distinguished  honor,  he  took  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Arts  in  two  years.  Immediately  after 
graduation  he  professed  a  hope  in  Christ,  and  in 
November,  1840.  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Richmond,  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Jeter.  Soon  after  Mr.  Coleman  became  an 
assistant  teacher  in  the  academy  of  his  uncle,  Mr. 
F.  "W.  Coleman,  and  a  few  years  later  established, 
himself,  the  Hanover  Academy,  which  soon  became 
one  of  the  very  best  schools  of  its  kind  in  the  State. 
On  the  death  of  that  distinguished  scholar,  Dr. 
Gessner  Harrison,  Professor  of  the  Latin  Language 
and  Literature  in  the  University  of  Virginia,  Mr. 
Coleman,  in  1859,  was  chosen  to  fill  that  arduous 
and  honorable  position,  and  he  adorned  the  chair 
which  had  been,  for  so  many  previous  years, 
crowned  with  distinction.  When  the  war  broke 
out,  he  left  the  pleasant  surroundings  of  professional 
life  and  the  quiet  of  his  loved  home  for  the  battle 
field.  He  raised  an  artillery  company  and  became 
its  captain,  and  in  1802  was  appointed  major  of 
artillery.  At  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  amid 
the  terrible  havoc  and  slaughter  which  accompanied 


CO  I  KM  AN 


248 


COLGA TE  A CADEMY 


it,  Prof.  Coleinan  received  ;i  wound  near  the  knee, 
which  ultimately  proved  fatal.  For  ninety-eight 
\\-earv  days  lie  sull'ered  the  most  intense  physical 
agony,  and  at  last,  under  the  ministrations  of  a 
host  of  relative's  and  friends,  he  triumphantly  fell 
asleep  in  the  Saviour  whom  he  loved.  Prof.  Cole- 
man  was  no  ordinary  person.  As  a  man,  he  was 
rigidly  conscientious,  unaffectedly  pious,  and  very 
liheral  in  his  benefactions.  As  a  scholar,  his  knowl 
edge  was  varied  and  remarkably  accurate.  As  a 
teacher,  he  Avon  the  regard  of  all,  and  moulded  the 
rudest  into  symmetrical  characters.  As  a  father,  a 
son,  a  In-other,  he  was  almost  faultless  ;  while  as  a 
Christian  worker,  the  Bible-classes  for  students. 
and  the  Sunday-school  for  colored  children,  were 
his  noble  monuments. 


Avas  ordained  in  1S45  at  North  Ksk  ;  his  last  pas 
torate  was  at  Sackville.  During  his  ministry  Mr. 
Coleman  baptized  over  1000  converts.  He  died 
March  7.  1S77. 

Colgate  Academy  was  opened  in  1832  as  a 
preparatory  school  at  Hamilton.  X.  V..  and  in  18.jP> 
it  was  duly  chartered  as  the  grammar  school  of 
Madison  University.  It  has  not  only  a  thorui- 
classical  course  of  three  years  preparatory  to  col 
lege,  but  a  general  academic  course  in  English, 
mathematics,  and  natural  science.  It  has  grad 
uated  about  1000,  and  at  present  numbers  10P> 
students.  It  has  a  principal  and  !'>  associate  teach 
ers.  A  beautiful  and  commodious  academic  build 
ing  was  erected  in  1*73  at  the  cost,  including 
grounds,  of  SIH.),000,  by  -lames  1».  Colgate,  of  Xe\v 


E    ACADEMY, 


Coleman,  Rev.  R.  J.,  an  early  preacher  in 
Arkansas,  was  born  in  Virginia  in  IS  17  :  removed 
to  Clark  Co.,  Ark.,  in  1843;  began  to  preach  in 
185:2.  lie  supplied  a  number  of  churches  near  his 
home  until  1858.  when  he  settled  near  Pine  Bluff, 
and  continued  to  supply  churches  in  Jefferson  and 
Saline  Counties  until  1865,  when  he  removed  to 
Austin,  where  he  still  resides,  lie  has  served 
many  of  the  most  prominent  churches  of  his  region 
with  great  success. 

Coleman,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Xew 

Brunswick,  and   he  was  baptized  into   the  fellow 
ship  of  the  Baptist  church,  Portland,  St.  John,     lie 


York,  in  memory  of  whose  parents  it  is  named.  It 
is  100  by  00  feet,  3  stories  high,  and  surmounted 
by  a  mansard-roof. 

While  the  academy  has  its  own  faculty  apart  in 
government  and  discipline  from  that  of  the  uni 
versity  proper,  it  is  under  the  control  of  the  cor 
poration  of  Madison  University,  and  is  a  part  of 
the  general  system  of  education  maintained  by  that 
board.  At  the  time  of  the  opening  it  was  partially 
endowed  by  Messrs.  James  B.  Colgate  and  John 
B.  Trevor  by  a  gift  of  £30,000,  since  increased  by  a 
donation  of  $25,000  1>1-o|U  Mr-  James  B.  Colgate. 
(See,  also,  MADISON  UNIVERSITY  article.) 


COLGATE 


249 


Colgate,  James  B.,  son  of  William  and  Mary 

Colgate,  was  horn  in  the  city  of  Xe\v  York.  March 
4.  IS  18,  and  educated  in  the  higher  schools  of  Xew 
York,  and   in   academies  in  Connecticut.     After  a 
clerkship  of  seven  years  he  was  for  nine  years  in 
the  wholesale  dry-goods  trade.    In  1852.  lie  became 
partner  with   Mr.  John  B.  Trevor,  in  Wall    Street; 
this   iirm   continued   until    1ST-,   when,   on   the    re 
tirement  of  Mr.  Trevor.  Mr.  Hubert  Colby  became 
his  partner,  under  the  firm-name  of  -lames  B.  Col 
gate  it  Co.      Mr.  Colgate   became  a  member  of  the 
Tabernacle  Baptist  church  in  the  city  of  Xe\v  York 
in  his  youth,  having  been  baptized  by  Rev.  Beniah 
Hoe.     His  residence  no\v  is  in  Yonkers,  where  the 
Warburton  Avenue  Baptist  church,  one  of  the  best 
church  edifices  in  the  country,  stands  a  monument 
of  his  and    Mr.   Trevor's   liberality.     The   greater 
part    of    the    expense    of   building   this    house    was 
borne    by    these    two    brethren.      Mr.    Colgate    has 
been   the  chief  benefactor  of  Madison   University, 
and  in  her  darkest  days  she  has  ever  found  in  him 
not  only  a  wise  counselor,  but  a  warm   friend  and 
•supporter.     Mr.  Colgate  has  also  given  liberally  to 
the    University    of  Rochester    and    its    theological 
seminary,  to  the   academy  at  Xew  London,  X.  ][., 
to    Peddle    Institute,  X.  •).,  and   to  Columbian  Uni 
versity,  at  AVashington,  1>.  C.      With  all   his  liber 
ality    towards   institutions    of   learning,    it   hardly 
surpasses    that    with    which    lie    cherishes     needy 
churches,    missionary    fields,    and    denominational 
societies.     Mr.   Colgate  is  a  man  of  vigorous  con 
stitution    and    large   frame.      He    is   an   outspoken 
Baptist,  of  decided   convictions,  and   he   is  always 
ready    to   defend    them    in    private    or   public.     In 
business  circles  his  house  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
most  reliable  and  substantial  in  Wall  Street,  and 
in  the  dark  days  of  the  late  civil  war.  the  govern 
ment,  found  in  it  a  power  of  which  it  might  have 
been  afraid,  but  for  the  incorruptible  integrity  and 
loyalty  with  which  its  business  was  uniformly  con 
ducted. 

Colgate,  Mrs.  Mary  Gilbert,  wife  of  William 

Colgate,  was  born  in  London,  England,  Pec.  25, 
1788.  She  came  to  this  country  in  1796.  She  had 
the  advantages  of  an  excellent  education  and  was 
a  woman  of  many  accomplishments.  Her  marriage 
with  Mr.  Colgate  took  place  April  23,  1811.  A 
devout  Christian,  a  generous  and  self-sacrificinsr 

O 

friend,  as  wife  and  mother  most  tender,  wise,  and 
faithful,  she  adorned  every  relation.  She  sought 
out  and  relieved  the  poor;  she  dispensed  with  a 
real  enjoyment  the  liberal  hospitalities  of  her 
home.  The  education  of  the  rising  ministry  was 
one  of  the  chief  interests  of  her  practical  life  ;  not 
a  vague  and  general  care,  but  definite  and  personal, 
manifesting  itself  in  concern  for  particular  students, 
many  of  whom  she  made  welcome  guests  at  her 
house.  In  all  the  generous  efforts  for  the  church 
17 


and  for  humanity  in  which  her  husband  had  so 
extensive  a  share,  she  proved  herself  a  helper 
worthy  of  him.  She  died  October.  IS ."4. 

The  surviving  sons  of  AVilliam  and   Mary  Col 
gate  are  Robert.  James  B..  and  Samuel. 

Colgate,  Samuel,  a  son  of  AVilliam  Colgate  of 
precious  memory,  was  born  in  the  city  of  Xew 
York.  March  22.  1X22.  He  was  baptized  and  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Tabernacle  Baptist  church 
in  ls:)'J.  From  that  early  age  he  has  been  an 
earnest  worker  in  the  cause  of  Christ,  lie  suc 
ceeded  to  his  father's  business,  irreatlv  enlarging 
it,  and  to  his  father's  benevolence  and  interest  in 
the  great  enterprises  of  the  Baptists.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  board  of  Madison  University,  and 
a  liberal  patron  of  that  institution.  It  is  well 
known  that  Samuel  and  -lames  15.  Colgate  erected 
the  Colgate  Academy  edifice  at  Hamilton,  an  im 
portant  adjunct  to  the  university,  at  an  expense 
only  a  little  short  of  S(H),< )<)().  Mr.  Colgate  has 
been  for  several  years  a  member  of  the  board  of 
the  American  Tract  Society.  He  is  president  of 
the  board  of  the  Xew  York  Education  Society  :  lie 
is  also  president  of  that  famous  association  of  Xew 
York.  "The  Society  for  the  Suppression  of  Vice.'' 
Colgate,  William,  was  born  in  the  parish  of 
Hollingbourn,  County  of  Kent,  England,  on  the 
25th  of  January,  178,'-).  He  was  the  son  of  Robert 
and  Mary  (Bowles)  Colgate. 

Robert  Colgate  was  a  farmer  by  occupation. 
and  a  man  of  superior  intelligence.  lie  warmly 
synipathized  with  the  American  colonies  in  their 
struggle  with  the  mother-country  before  and  during 
the  war  of  the  Revolution.  Hating  despotism  in 
every  form,  he  hailed  the  triumph  of  the  French 
revolutionists  in  their  struggles  to  throw  off  the 
regal  yoke.  Political  considerations  constrained 
him  to  leave  England  for  this  country  in  March, 
1798.  The  family  settled  on  a  farm  in  Hartford 
Co.,  Md. 

William  Colgate  came  to  Xew  York  City  in 
1804.  He  there  obtained  employment  as  an  ap 
prentice  to  a  soap-boiler,  and  learned  the  business. 
Young  as  he  was.  he  showed  even  then  that  quick 
ness  of  observation  which  distinguished  him  in 
after-life.  lie  closely  watched  the  methods  prac 
tised  by  his  employer,  noting  what  seemed  to  him 
to  be  mismanagement,  and  learned  useful  lessons 
for  his  own  guidance.  At  the  close  of  his  appren 
ticeship  he  was  enabled,  by  correspondence  with 
dealers  in  other  cities,  to  establish  himself  in  the 
business  with  some  assurance  of  success.  He  fol 
lowed  it  through  life,  and  became  one  of  the  most 
prosperous'  men  in  the  city  of  Xew  York.  This 
circumstance,  together  with  his  great  wisdom  in 
counsel,  and  his  readiness  to  aid  in  all  useful  and 
practicable  enterprises,  gave  him  a  wide  influence 
in  the  community,  and  especially  in  the  denomina- 


COLGATE 


COLGATE 


tiou  of  which  ho  was  from  early  life  nn  active  and 
honored  ineinber. 

Of  the  occurrence  which  led  to  his  connection 
with  that  denomination  he  gave  the  following  ac 
count  to  the  writer  of  this  sketch.  For  some  time 
after  coming  to  New  York,  lie  attended  worship 
with  the  congregation  of  the  Rev.  Or.  Mason,  then 
one  of  the  most  eminent  preachers  of  the  Presbv- 
terian  Church.  \Vriting  to  his  father,  an  Arian  Bap 
tist,  of  his  purpose  to  make  a  public  profession  of  his 
Christian  faith  in  connection  with  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  he  stated  the  chief  points  of  his  religious 
belief,  quoting  a  ''thus  saith  the  Lord"  for  each. 
lie  received  a  kind  reply  cordially  approving  of 
that  course,  and  asking  fora''  thus  saith  the  Lord" 
in  proof  of  sprinkling  as  Christian  baptism,  and 


WJI.  1,1AM     COI.IJATE. 

of  the  baptism  of  infants  as  an  ordinance  of  Christ. 
Happening  to  read  the  letter  in  an  evening  company 
of  Christian  friends,  members  of  the  church  he 
attended,  he  remarked  on  leaving  them  that  he 
must  go  home  and  answer  his  father's  questions. 
''  Poor  young  man,"  exclaimed  an  intelligent 
Christian  lady  when  he  was  gone.  i;  he  little  knows 
what  he  is  undertaking!"  lie  found  it  so.  And 
be  found  it  equally  hard  to  be  convinced,  by  Dr. 
Mason's  reasoning,  that  something  else  than  a 
'•  thus  saith  the  Lord"  would  do  just  as  well. 

lie  was  baptized  in  February.  1  SOS. -by  the  Rev. 
William  Parkinson,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Xew  York.  In  1811  he  transferred  his 
membership  to  the  church  in  Oliver  Street.  In 
JSoS  lie  became  a  member  of  the  church  wor 


shiping  in  the  Tabernacle,  to  the  ei-ection  of  which 
he  had  himself  largely  contributed. 

He  annually  subscribed  money  to  assist  in  de 
fraying  the  current  expenses  of  Hamilton  Literary 
and  Theological  Institution,  afterward  Madison 
University  and  Theological  Seminary  ;  and  he  was 
among  the  most  strenuous  opposers  of  their  re 
moval  to  the  city  of  Rochester.  lie  was  a  regular 
contributor  to  the  funds  of  the  Baptist  Missionary 
Union,  and  took  upon  himself  the  entire  support 
of  a  foreign  missionary.  His  other  benefactions 
were  numerous,  but  not  such  as  admit  of  specifi 
cation. 

Our  acquaintance  with  Deacon  Colgate  com 
menced  in  1S!>7.  when  he  was  about  to  resign  his 
place  on  the  Board  of  Managers  of  the  American 
Bible  Society.  That  board,  following  the  ex 
ample  of  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society, 
had  refused  to  aid  in  printing  translations  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures  bv  Baptist  missionaries.  lie 
desired  the  writer  to  put  in  proper  form  his 
reasons  for  withdrawing  from  the  board.  In  com 
pliance  with  his  request  we  prepared  a  full  state 
ment  of  the  case,  from  the  printed  documents  on 
both  sides.  The  ground  was  taken  that  grievous 
injustice  was  done  to  Baptists  by  the  refusal  to 
aid  in  printing  the  translations  of  their  mission 
aries  ;  Baptists  having  freely  contributed  to  the 
funds  of  the  society,  and  given  it  their  moral  sup 
port  as  managers  and  life-directors,  without  any 
dictation  to  missionaries  employed  in  translating 
by  other  organizations  represented  in  the  society. 
The  charge  of  denominational  favoritism  was  fully 
proved  against  the  society  ;  and  the  Baptist  mem 
bers  of  the  Board  of  Managers  withdrew  from  it. 

Baptists,  finding  that  they  could  not  expect  fair 
treatment  from  this  professedly  undenominational 
body,  retired  from  it,  and  formed  the  American 
and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  for  the  circulation 
of  the  Bible  in  our  own  and  in  foreign  lands. 
Deacon  Colgate  served  it  as  its  treasurer.  lie  was 
one  of  thirteen  ministers  and  "laymen  who  organized 
the  American  Bible  Union  in  1S50,  and  was  treas 
urer  of  that  society  till  his  death. 

In  1S11  he  married  Miss  Mary  Gilbert,  daughter 
of  Hdward  Gilbert;  a  happy  union  with  a  partner 
of  congenial  spirit. 

In  all  domestic  relations  he  was  without  fault. 
He  made  generous  provision  for  his  aged  parents, 
for  whom  he  purchased  a  pleasant  home  on  a  farm 
in  a  neighboring  county,  and  ministered  to  their 
wants  while  they  lived.  Ilis  own  home  was  made 
happy  by  his  personal  influence.  Of  a  cheerful 
habit  of  mind,  tempered  by  serious  earnestness,  he 
shared  the  playful  jest  and  the  good-humored  re 
tort,  and  innocent  gayety  felt  no  restraint  in  his 
presence.  lie  aimed  to  make  home  pleasant,  and 
the  family  circle  the  chief  attraction  for  its  members. 


COLLIER 


251 


COL  UMBIA  X   UNI  VERITY 


If  he  made  any  life-long  mistake,  it,  was  in  the 
endeavor  to  keep  an  even  balance  between  the  two 
elements  of  power,  knowledge  and  wealth.  He  re 
sisted  the  permanent  endowment  of  the  Literary 
and  Theological  Institution  at  Hamilton,  while 
willingly  aiding  in  its  support  by  annual  contribu 
tions,  and  thus  insuring  mutual  dependence.  It 
was  the  error  of  his  time  ;  and  his  sons  have  since 
nobly  retrieved  it. 

Collier,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Seituate, 
Mass.,  Oct.  11,  1771.  Having  removed  to  Boston 
in  his  youth,  he  attended  upon  the  ministry  of 
Stillman  and  Baldwin,  whose  preaching  led  to  his 
hopeful  conversion.  He  became  a  member  of  Dr. 
Baldwin's  church,  and  under  the  genial  influence 
of  his  newly-formed  love  for  his  Saviour  desired 
to  become  a  preacher  of  the  gospel.  To  fit  him 
self  for  this  work  he  entered  Brown  University, 
and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1797.  He  pursued 
his  theological  studies  under  Dr.  Maxey,  and  was 
licensed  to  preach  June  3.  179S.  His  ordination 
took  place  in  Boston,  July  11.  1799.  After  brief 
pastorates  in  Newport,  11.  I.,  and  in  New  York 
City,  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Charlestown,  Mass.,  and  remained  there  for  six 
teen  years,  acting  for  a  part  of  the  time  as  chap 
lain  of  the  State  prison  in  that  city.  On  account 
of  impaired  health  he  was  obliged  to  resign  bis 
pastorate  in  IS20.  He  was  appointed  "  minister 
at  large"  in  Boston,  where  he  proved  himself  ''a 
workman  indeed,'7  performing  a  vast  amount  of 
ministerial  labor,  his  term  of  service  reaching  be 
yond  the  seventieth  year  of  his  life.  He  secured 
for  himself  the  sincere  affection  and  respect  of  the 
community  in  which,  for  so  long  a  time  and  so 
faitli fully,  he  wrought  for  his  Master.  The  mes 
senger  of  death  came  to  him  in  the  midst  of  his 
work,  and  he  was  allowed  but  a  brief  respite  from 
his  labors.  Suddenly  smitten  down,  he  lingered 
a  few  weeks  and  then  died,  March  19,  1S43. 

A  hymn-book,  which  was  used  somewhat  exten 
sively  in  Baptist  churches,  was  compiled  by  Mr. 
< 'oilier.  He  edited  also  the  Knptixt  Pi-radttr. 
He  prepared  for  the  press  an  edition  of  Saurin's 
sermons,  the  "  Gospel  Treasury,"  an  edition  of 
Andrew  Fuller's  works,  and  some  other  produc 
tions.  Dr.  Stow  says  of  him,  "The  memory  of 
Mr.  (Jollier  is  fragrant  in  this  community.  The 
sphere  that  he  filled  was  not  large,  but  lie  filled  it 
well,  lie  walked  with  God.'' 

ColllS,  Rev.  S.  M.,  was  born  in  Burke  Co., 
N.  ('.,  Jan.  30,  1S18;  baptized  by  Rev.  S.  Mugan 
in  August.  1S3S;  ordained  in  June.  1S44.  Revs.  S. 
Mugan,  R.  Patterson,  and  Peter  Miller  forming 
the  Presbytery  ;  has  served  many  churches  as  pas 
tor.  OIK;  of  them  for  thirty  years  ;  was  for  nine 
years  clerk  of  the  Roon  Mountain  Association,  and 
fourteen  years  moderator  of  the  same  body  ;  a 


strong  temperance  man,  and  a  great  advocate  of 
missions. 

Colman,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  Feb.  19,  1794.  Having  completed  his 
studies,  he  was  ordained  in  Boston,  Sept.  10.  IS  17  : 
was  appointed  a  missionary  to  Burmah  the  pre 
vious  May.  He  sailed  from  Boston,  Xov.  1C).  IS  I  7. 
with  Rev.  E.  AV.  Wheelock.  and  arrived  in  Calcutta 
April  15.  ISIS,  and  in  Rangoon  the  following  Sep 
tember,  lie  was  associated  with  Dr.  Judson  in  mis 
sionary  labor,  and  was  his  companion  in  the  visit 
to  Ava  to  see  what  could  be  done  to  secure  the 
favor  of  the  king,  and  toleration  for  the  religion 
which  they  were  trying  to  preach  to  his  subjects. 
The  story  of  this  excursion  is  related  in  the  first 
volume  of  Dr.  Wayland's  "  Memoir  of  Dr.  Judson," 
and  the  whole  transaction  is  invested  with  an  air 
of  Oriental  romance  which  makes  it  full  of  interest. 
The  errand  was  a  fruitless  one,  and  the  missionaries 
returned  to  the  field  of  their  labors,  feeling  that  in 
God  alone  could  they  put  their  trust.  It  seemed 
desirable  that  a  mission  station  should  be  estab 
lished  on  the  borders  of  Burmah,  to  which,  in  case 
of  severe  persecution,  the  missionaries  might  flee. 
Chittagong  was  chosen,  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Colman 
proceeded  to  the  place  thus  selected.  After  a  brief 
residence  here  Mr.  Colman  decided  to  remove  to 
Cox's  Bazaar,  that  he  might  be  brought  into  more 
immediate  contact  with  the  class  of  people  whin,: 
he  wished  especially  to  influence.  It  was  an  un 
healthy  village  in  which  he  had  made  his  home. 
After  a  few  months  of  unremitting  labor  he  took 
the  jungle  fever,  and  died  July  4,  1S22. 

Colman,  Jeremiah  James,  member  of  Parlia 
ment  for  the  city  of  Norwich,  England,  belongs  to 
an  old  Baptist  family  well  known  for  many  years 
in  that  district.  He  became  in  early  life  a  member 
of  the  church  in  St.  Mary's  chapel,  Norwich,  during 
the  pastorate  of  Dr.  Brock,  and  has  served  with 
fidelity  and  honor  in  the  deacon's  office  for  a  lono; 
period.  The  firm  with  which  he  is  connected  gives 
employment  to  about  2000  persons,  and  does  busi 
ness  with  all  parts  of  the  world.  lie  was  first 
chosen  a  member  of  Parliament  for  Norwich  in 
1S71,  and  again  at  every  succeeding  election  at  the 
head  of  the  poll.  His  generous  interest  in  popular 
education  Avas  demonstrated  by  the  erection,  at  his 
own  cost,  of  an  elegant  and  substantial  school  for  the 
children  of  families  employed  at  his  works.  Few 
large  employers  have  succeeded  in  winning  the  re 
spect  and  esteem  of  their  people  to  a,  greater  extent 
than  the  Columns  of  Norwich.  Mr.  Colman  lias  for 
many  years  rendered  substantial  aid  to  everv  uood 
work  in  his  neighborhood,  without  regard  to  party 
or  sect,  but  he  is  equally  well  known  for  his  at 
tachment  to  liberal  and  non-conformist  principles. 

Columbian  University,  Washington,!).  C.,  was, 

in  its  origin,  a  direct  outgrowth  of  the  missionary 


(.'OLUMIHAX   UNIVERSITY 


C  O  L  ( TVB  TA  N   UNI  J  'Kit  SIT ) ' 


spirit.  When  Judson,  who  had  graduated  at  Brown 
I'niversitv  and  then  at  Andover  Theological  Senii- 
narv.  and  Rice,  who  was  Ins  associate  in  study,  had. 
on  their  voyage  as  the  first  American  missionaries  to 
India,  become  l>apt.isis.  there  was  but  one  college — 
Brown  Iniversitv.  organi/ed  in  17<>4 — under  the 
control  of  (lie  Baptist  denomination.  For  fifty 
years  from  that  time,  do\vn  to  the  organization  of 
tiie  Baptist  Triennial  Convention,  and  the  return 
of  Mice  to  awaken  the  Baptists  to  the  need  of  sus 
taining  -ludson  in  the  work  of  foreign  missions,  no 
second  college  ;m,l  110  theological  seminary  had 
been  originated.  In  about  ten  years  from  that 
time,  however,  no  less  than  five  institutions  of 
learnini;'.  which  have  grown  into  colleges  and  the 
ological  seminaries,  were  founded,  at  Hamilton, 
X.  V..  in  IS]'.);  Waterville.  Me.,  in  1X20;  Wash 
ington.  I>.  ('..  in  1X22:  Georgetown.  Ky.,  in  1X24: 
and  at  Xewton,  Mass.,  in  1X2") ;  while,  during  tin- 
next  ten  years,  five  other  centres  caught  the  same 
impulse,  resulting  in  the  founding  of  the  Richmond 
College,  Va.  :  "Wake  Forest,  X.  C.  :  Furman  I'ni- 
versity.  S.  C.  :  Mercer  University.  (!a.  :  and  New 
Ilampton  Institute.  X.  II.  There  must  have  been 
some  new  and  controlling  sentiment  that  caused 
this  simultaneous  and  wide-spread  movement,  and 
the  history  of  the  Columbian  College  reveals  that 
sentiment  most  clearly,  as  it  was  for  a  time  the 
centre  of  the  new  interest.  Luther  Rice,  in  trav 
eling  through  the  country  as  a  recent  convert  to 
Baptist  views  of  Scripture  truth,  and  having  as  his 
first  and  great  object  the  awakening  of  an  interest 
in  foreign  missions,  was  struck  with  the  deep  hold 
which  the  views  he  had  been  led  to  receive;  had 
taken  on  the  popular  mind ;  while  at  the  same 
time  he  found  no  institution  whose  special  mission 
it  was  to  train  young  men  to  defend  those  views  at 
home  and  abroad.  A  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
Hebrew  and  Greek  languages  of  the  original  Old 
and  New  Testament  Scriptures  was,  of  course,  in 
dispensable  for  those  who  were  to  become  foreign 
missionaries,  and  who  would  be  called  upon  to 
translate  the  Scriptures  into  tongues  whose  vocab 
ulary  was  but  ill-fitted  to  have  incorporated  into  it 
the  great  truths  of  the  gospel.  That  knowledge, 
also,  was  of  prime  importance  for  all  those  who, 
as  heralds  of  that  truth  at  home,  must  be  able  to 
defend  the  faith  as  first  given.  Furthermore,  it 
seemed  a  necessary  part  of  the  individual  duty  of 
those  who  regarded  the  Bible  as  the  only  rule  of 
faith  that  they  should,  above  all  others,  seek  its 
meaning  in  the  words  used  by  the  inspired  writers. 
The  conviction  of  Rice  that  the  Baptists  should 
have  new  centres  of  learning,  and  should  found  at 
least  one  central  theological  seminary,  soon  became 
common.  In  locating  this  central  institution 
two  ideas  prevailed  with  Rice :  first,  that  from 
his  intimate  personal  acquaintance  with  the  Bap 


tists  of   the    entire   country   the    theological    semi-. 

nary  should  be  located  at  the  geographical  and 
national  centre  ;  and.  second,  that  the  city  of  Wash 
ington  was  the  most  suitable  place,  since,  from  the 
origin  of  the  government,  that  place  had  been  re 
garded  by  the  leading  statesmen  of  the  nation  as  a 
centre  where  promising  youth  from  every  section 
of  the  country  could  best  gather  for  a  common  edu 
cation.  President  AVa>hini:'ton.  in  his  message  ad 
dressed  to  Congress.  -Ian.  X.  IT'.'O.  had  urged  the 
adoption  of  such  a  course,  and  when  for  seven 
years  these  recommendations  had  been  neglected, 
he.  ili  his  last  message,  used  these  emphatic  words  : 
"  Such  an  institution  would  secure  the  assimilation 
of  the  principles,  opinions,  and  manners  of  our 
countrvmen  bv  the  common  education  of  a  portion 
of  our  youth  from  every  quarter.  .  .  .  The  more 
homogeneous  our  citi/.ens  can  be  made  in  these 
particulars  the  greater  will  be  the  prospect  of  per 
manent  union.  .  .  .  Its  desirableness  lias  so  con 
stantly  increased  with  every  new  view  I  have  taken 
of  the  subject,  that  T  cannot  omit  the  opportunity 
of  once  for  all  recalling  your  attention  to  it." 
Presidents  -Jefferson  and  Monroe  mad*1  similar 
recommendations  at  different  times.  During  the 
administration  of  President  Monroe  the  Columbian 
College  was  founded,  and  he,  together  with  many 
other  able  statesmen  of  the  time,  among  them 
John  Quincy  Adams,  gave  it  their  aid  by  written 
recommendations  and  by  donations;  and,  until  the 
war  in  iXfil.the  Presidents  and  their  Cabinets, 
without  exception,  attended  the  annual  commence 
ments,  thus  justifying  the  conviction  of  its  founders 
in  the  propriety  of  its  location. 

In  1X17.  at  the  second  meeting  of  the  Baptist 
General  Convention,  the  plan  was  approved.  By 
the  efforts  of  Luther  Rice,  who  was  appointed 
agent,  grounds  north  of  the  city,  extending  between 
Fourteenth  and  Fifteenth  Streets,  were  purchased, 
and  a  college  building,  with  two  houses  for  pro 
fessors,  was  erected.  In  1X21.  the  charter  was  ob 
tained  from  Congress,  and  the  Baptist  Convention, 
which  met  that  year  in  Washington,  approved  the 
measures  thus  taken.  The  college  opened  in  1822, 
and  among  its  first  officers  were  Dr.  Stoughton, 

!  President ;  Irah  Chase  and  Alvah  Woods,  Theo 
logical  Professors  ;  Thomas  Sewall  and  -las.  M. 
Staughton,  Medical  Professors  ;  William  ('ranch 
and  Win.  T.  Carroll.  Law  Professors;  Rufus  Bab- 
cock.  J.  I).  Knowles,  Thomas  J.  Conant,  and  Robt. 
E.  Pattison,  Tutors;  also  Win.  Ruggles  and  Alexis 
Caswell  were  afterwards  appointed  professors. 
Among  its  earliest  graduates  were  lion.  Thus.  D. 
Eliot,  Robt.  W.  Cushman,  Baron  Stow,  Rolin  R. 
Neale,  and  others  since  eminent  in  three  profes 
sions.  At  its  first  commencement  all  branches  of 
the  government,  with  Lafayette  as  visitor,  were 
present. 


C  0  L  U.VK  TA  X   UXI VER  X1T 


COLUMIUAN   ( 'X1VERMTY 


The  special  claims  of  the  college  proper  led  to 
the  early  withdrawal  of  the  theological  professors, 
and  to  the  founding,  in  1825,  of  tlie  Newton  Theo 
logical  Institution  by  Mr.  Chase.  Financial  em 
barrassments  soon  troubled  the  college,  and  led  to 
the  suspension  of  all  its  departments  in  1827.  when, 
for  a  year,  Win.  Rubles,  then  Professor  of  Math 
ematics  and  Natural  Philosophy,  alone  of  all  its 
officers  remained  at  his  post.  The  Rev.  Dr. 
Staughton,  one  of  the  most  brilliant  and  popular 
of  American  preachers,  and  attractive  and  inspiring 
as  a  teacher,  after  efforts  to  relieve  and  sustain  the 
college  which  fatally  impaired  his  health,  while  on 
his  way  to  accept  the  presidency  of  the  new  college 
Organized  at  Georgetown,  Ivy.,  was  arrested  by 
sickness  at  Washington.  I).  ('..  and  died  at  the  resi 
dence  of  his  son,  who  had  been  one  of  the  medical 
faculty.  During  the  business  troubles  of  this 
period  Dr.  Alvah  Woods  acted  as  financial  agent, 
aiding  Luther  Rice  in  1822-23,  and  Rev.  Khm 
Galnsha,  in  1820-27.  In  1827,  Rev.  Robt.  15. 
Semple,  of  Virginia,  became  president  of  the  hoard 
of  trustees,  and  financial  agent,  in  which  self-deny 
ing  service  hi;  was  engaged  till  1833.  In  1835, 
the  Rev.  Luther  Rice  died  in  Fdgefield  District, 
S.  C.  For  more  than  twenty  years  In;  denied  him 
self  the  comforts  of  home  and  family  ;  rode  night 
and  day  ;  preached  almost  constantly  :  received 
contributions  for  missions  and  for  the  college; 
would  take  no  salary;  and  leaving  at  his  death 
only  a  horse  and  worn-out  sulky,  his  last  mes 
sage,  when  asked  what  should  be  done  with  his 
scanty  effects,  showed  the  ruling  principle  of  his 
life  still  dominant,  as  he  replied,  "  Kend  them  to  the 
coll, ye!" 

In  1828,  Dr.  Stephen  Chapin  was  elected  presi 
dent,  and  the  college  was  reopened.  His  adminis 
tration  continued  thirteen  years. — from  1828  to 
1841.  Dr.  Chapin  was  pre-eminent  for  those  calm 
and  solid  qualities  of  mind  and  heart,  which  made 
him  so  instructive  a  preacher  and  teacher,  and  so 
patient  a  worker  both  within  and  without  the  col 
lege,  and  which  secured  for  it  a  gradual  increase  of 
students,  and  a  final  recovery  from  indebtedness. 

During  Dr.  Chapin's  administration  the  medical 
department  was  sustained  with  Dr.  Thomas  Sewall 
as  its  head;  and  the  college  was  favored  with  the 
instructions  of  Prof.  J.  O'B.  Chaplin  and  Dr.  Adiel 
Sherwood,  the  latter,  after  the  death  of  Luther  Rice, 
acting  as  financial  agent  from  1830  to  1840.  On 
the  resignation  of  Dr.  Chapin,  the  college  was  pre 
sided  over  for  nearly  two  years,  by  Prof.  William 
Ruggles,  when,  in  1843,  Dr.  Joed  S.  Bacon  became 
president,  at  which  time  it  was  free  from  debt,  but 
without  endowment.  Dr.  Bacon  brought  to  his 
work  a  genial  and  winning  address,  and  a  well- 
stored  and  inventive,  mind,  and  the  patronage 
of  the  college  was  soon  increased.  Under  his 


administration  the  medical  department  had  the 
eminent  services  of  Drs.  Harvey  Lindsly.  Thomas 
Miller,  John  F.  May.  L.  F.  Gale,  Grafton  Tyler. 
Joshua  Riley,  and  William  P.  -Johnston.  The  col 
lege  faculty  secured,  first  as  tutor,  in  1843.  and  then 
as  professor,  in  1840.  the  services  of  Prof.  A.  •).  ' 
Hunting-ton,  !>.!>. .  in  Greek,  whose  connection. 
though  interrupted  by  several  years  spent  at  two 
different  periods  in  the  charge  of  churches,  has 
added  greatly  to  the  elliciencv  of  the  college  in 
struction.  Prof.  R.  P.  Latham  was  also  an  efficient 
officer  from  18") 2  to  1854.  From  1847  to  184'.)  the 
Rev.  A.  M.  Po'mdexter,  1  >.!>.,  acted  as  a  successful 
agent  in  securing  the  first  funded  endowment.  In 
1851-52  the  Rev.  AV.  F.  liroaddns,  D.D..  obtained 
subscriptions  to  the  amount  of  §20,000,  thus  se 
curing  a  conditional  promise  of  John  Withers, 
of  Alexandria,  Ya.,  for  a  similar  amount.  Muring 
this  and  two  succeeding  administrations  of  the  col 
lege  Col.  James  L.  Edwards  was  the  efficient  presi 
dent  of  the  board  of  trustees.  After  a  presidency 
of  eleven  years,  Dr.  Bacon  resigned  in  1854.  and 
the  college  for  another  year  was  presided  over  by 
Prof.  William  Ruggles.  In  1855,  the  Rev.  Joseph 
G.  Binney,  who.  after  many  years  as  president  of 
the  Karen  Theological  Seminary  in  Burmah,  had 
become  pastor  in  Augusta.  Ga..  was  elected  presi 
dent.  Mr.  Binney  brought  to  his  office  a  mind  of 
iinn.-ual  analytical  power  and  special  educational 
skill  ;  and  the  system  of  instruction  and  the  disci 
pline  of  the  college  were  made  eminently  efficient. 
The  patronage  of  the  college  was  extended,  and 
had  not  Dr.  Binney  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  return 
to  Burmah.  his  administration  would  have  proved 
still  more  beneficial  to  the  institution.  Mr.  Binney 
was  aided  in  the  college  facultv  bv  the  services  of 
Mrs.  L.  11.  Steiner,  John  S.  Newherry,  and  Nathan 
Smith  Lincoln,  in  Chemistry  and  Natural  History  ; 
of  Prof.  William  M.  Jillson,  in  Rhetoric;  and  of 
Prof.  .K.  T.  Fristoe,  LL.M..  in  Mathematics  and 
Natural  Philosophy.  The  medical  department  had 
added  to  its  efficient  faculty  during  this  period  Mrs. 
J.  A.  AVaring,  K.  AY.  Hilgard,  and  N.  S.  Lincoln. 
After  a  presidency  of  three  years  Mr.  Binney,  in 
1858,  resigned,  to  return  to  his  work  in  Burmah. 
During  1858-51)  the  college  was  presided  over  by 
Prof.  William  Ruggles,  LL.D. 

In  1859,  the  Rev.  G.  W.  Samson,  D.I).,  who  had 
been  elected  a  year  previously,  became  president. 
The  administration  of  Dr.  Binney,  as  the  result 
showed,  had  awakened  a  public  confidence  in  the 
future  of  the  college  which  led  to  three  simultane 
ous  bequests  made  in  the  year  1857, — that  of  John 
Withers,  of  Alexandria,  Ya.,  giving  one-fifth  of 
his  estate  ;  that  of  Prof.  Romeo  Elton,  D.D.,  then 
of  Bath.  England,  giving  one-half  of  his  estate 
after  other  bequests  ;  and  that  of  James  McCut- 
chen.  of  Georgetown,  D.  C.  ;  these  bequests  being 


COLl'KJl 


254 


COH'KIl 


founded    oi\  the   expectation  that  the   fourth  presi 
dent  would   retain  his  office,  though   the   first  two 
were  uiven  in  the  name  of  the  fifth  president,  who 
for  about  fifteen  years  had  lieen  an  efficient  trustee. 
At  this  juncture  Prof.  S.  M.  Shute,  D.D.,  Prof.  <!. 
C.  Schaeft'er,  M.I*.,  and  Ivlwin  Cull  were  added    to 
the   faculty,  the,   last  of  whom,   after   one  year  as 
tutor  and  a  second  year  as  adjunct  professor,  (dosed 
his   career  of  the   brightest  promise!   as  a  classical 
scholar,  while    pursuing    his    studies    in    Germany. 
]>r.  Win.  Rubles  still    acted   as   professor,  his  de 
partment   being  changed   to   that  of  Political    Phi 
losophy,  in  which  his  instructions,  given  amid  the 
excitements  preceding  the  war,  left  an   impression 
on  the   minds  of  the  youth  of  both  sections   of  the 
country    never    to  be    forgotten.     The   number   of 
students  at  this  time  was  larger  than  at  any  other 
period  iii  the  history  of  the  college,   but   the  war 
soon   scattered    them.     The   president,  with    Profs. 
Shute   and    Rubles,   determined,  with    the   aid    of 
tutors,  to  maintain   college  instruction  during  the 
progress   of  the   war.     'flic   rental    of  the    college 
buildings   by  the   V.   S.    government   met   the   ex 
pense,  and  also  canceled  a  debt  of  S'.IOOO  incurred 
under  the  previous  administration   in  maintaining 
an  able  faculty.     The  classes  were  small   but  the 
instruction  was   thorough,   and   some  of  the   most 
successful   of  our  younger  lawyers  and  clergymen 
graduated  during   that   trying   period.     The    close 
of  the  war  demanded  a  thorough  readjustment  of 
all  the  departments.     At  the  death  of  Col.  Edwards 
the   lion.  Amos  Kendall   became  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees.     A  building  was  given   by    \\  . 
W.Corcoran,  LL.D.,  to  the  medical  department: 
another    was    secured    for    a    law    department,    in 
which  a  large  and  most  efficiently  conducted  school 
was  Gathered,  and    the    building  paid   for  out  of 
its    proceeds.     The    college    grounds  were    graded 
and    improved;     a    building    for    the    preparatory 
school  was  erected  ;   the  three  legacies  before  men 
tioned  matured  and  were  in  part  paid  ;  and  during 
a  period  of  six  years  SI 50,000  was  added,  in  vari 
ous   Avays,  to  the  property  of  the   college.     Much 
of  the  efficiency  that  marked  the  recuperation  after 
the  war   was  due   to   the  able  co-operation  of  the 
board  of  trustees  residing  in  Washington,  among 
whom   were  J.  C.  Welling,  LL.D..   now   president 
of  the  college  :  Prof.  Joseph  Henry,  LL.D.,  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution:  W.  W.  Corcoran,  LL.D., 
Dr.  Chr.   II.  Nichols,  and  others.     In   1S71.   after 
twelve  years'  service,  Dr.  Samson  resigned  and  ac 
cepted  the  presidency  of  Rutgers  Female  College, 
N.    Y.      Recently    the    name    of  the    college   was 
changed  to  the  Columbian  University  :  and  under 
the  talented  leadership  of  President  Welling  bright 
hopes  arc  entertained  of  its  future  usefulness. 
Colver,  Nathaniel,  D.D.— Although  most  of 

Dr.  Colver's  life  was  spent  elsewhere  than  in  Illi 


nois,  yet   his  connection  with    important  work   at 
Chicago  in  his  later  years,  and  his  death  and  burial 
there,  render  it  fitting   that   his  memorial   should 
appear  in  this  connection.     Nathaniel  Colver  was 
Ixn-ii    at  Orwell,    Vt.,   May    10,   17'J4.      His    father. 
Nathaniel    Colver,  Sr..    as   also   ///.v   father,  was   a 
Baptist  minister,  for  many  years  active  in  pioneer 
service     in    Vermont    and    Northern     New    York. 
While  Nathaniel  was  still  achild  the  family  removed 
to  Champlain,  in  the  northern   portion  of  the  last- 
named  State. — and  that  continued  to  be  their  home 
until  he  had  reached    the  age  of  fifteen.      It  was  at 
West  Stockbridge.  Mass.,  to  which  the  family  then 
removed,  that   he   was   converted,  and   that    he   de 
cided  to  enter  the   ministry.      He  served  as   pastor 
at  Clarendon,  A't, ;  at  Fort  Covington,   N.  Y.  :  as 
also,  later,  in    various   places    farther   south    in  the 
same  State.— Kingsbury.  Fort  Ann.  and  Union  A  il- 
laire.     In    ISP/.)    he   was  called   to'  Huston,  and.   in 
association  with    Timothy  (iilbert  and  others   like- 
minded,  or-'ani/ed  the  church  which  then  and  since 
became   famous   as   the    Tremont   Temple   church. 
His  ministry  here  was  a  remarkable  one.  unique  in 
the    history    of  the    Boston    pulpit,    and    scarcely 
[iialed  anywhere  in  this  country  at  any  time  for 
boldness,  energy,  the  mastery  of  formidable  difficul 
ties,  and   its   hold  upon   popular  interest.      In   the 
higher  results  of  spiritual   effectiveness  it  wa>   no 
less  notable.      In    1S52,  Mr.  Colver  left   Boston  for 
South  Abington,  a  village  in  the  vicinity,  where  he 
remained  as  pastor  until  his  call  to  Detroit  in  1S53. 
Here  he  remained  until  1S50  as  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church.     At  the  date  just  named  he  became 
pastor  of  the  First  church  in  Cincinnati.     While 
here  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  given  to 
him  by  the  college  at  Granville.     Leaving  Cincin 
nati  in  1S(H,  he  came  to  Chicago  as  pastor  of  the 
Tabernacle,  now   Second   church.     It  was  at  Cin 
cinnati  that  he  first  became  personally  enlisted  in 
the  education  of  young  men   for  the  ministry  :    a 
class  meeting  him  there,  steadily,  in  his  study.     At 
Chicago    this   work   was   resumed,    and   when    the 
preliminary    steps   towards   the   organisation    of  a 
theological  seminary  were  taken,  he  was  invited  to 
become  the  professor  of  doctrinal  theology.    During 
the   years  lSf>7-70,  Dr.  Colver  was  at   Richmond. 
Ya..as  president  of  the  Freedmen's  Institute  there. 
His  health   failing  him,  in  the  last-named  year  he 
returned   to   Chicago,   where   he  died  on   Sabbath 
morning.  Dec.  25.  1870. 

With  what  was  so  marked  and  signal  in  Dr.  Col 
ver's  career  as  a  preacher  must  be  associated  his 
active  share  in  various  public  movements.  As 
a  zealous  advocate  of  the  principles  of  anti-Masonry, 
as  a  thorough-going  temperance  man,  as  one  of  the 
foremost  in  the  anti-slavery  ranks,  he  was  during 
much  of  his  life  identified  with  radical  reformers, 
and  one  of  their  most  conspicuous  champions.  As  a 


COMER 


255 


COMMUNION 


preacher,  he  was  doctrinal,  fervid,  and  often  exceed 
ingly  eloquent.  His  commanding  figure,  his  speak 
ing  face,  his  melodious  voice,  his  sparkling,  resolute 
eve  were  physical  helps  in  oratory  of  no  mean 
kind.  While  the  racy,  often  quaint  forms  of  speech, 
with  a  certain  beautiful  homeliness  in  them,  made 
him  popular  with  the  masses,  cultivated  people  as 
well  found  in  its  simple  strength  an  element  often 
lacking  in  what  is  more  finished.  In  his  last  days 
he  often  reviewed  the  incidents  of  his  eventful 
career,  and  while  recognizing  the  personal  Christian 
excellence  of  many  with  whom  he  had  differed, 
declared  his  unshaken  confidence  in  the  principles 
he  had  advocated. 

Comer,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Boston,  Aug. 
1.  1704.  lie  was  the  eldest  son  of  John  and  Mary 
Comer.  While  on  a  voyage  to  England  to  visit  his 
relatives  his  father  died,  leaving  his  child,  then  less 
than  two  years  of  age,  to  the  care;  of  his  widowed 
mother  and  his  grandfather,  who  bore  the  same 
name  with  himself.  When  he  reached  the  age  of 
fourteen  he  was  placed  as  an  apprentice  with  a 
glover  to  learn  that  trade.  His  heart,  however, 
was  not  in  his  work.  He  longed  to  obtain  an  edu 
cation.  •  Through  the  intercession  of  Dr.  Increase 
Mather  arrangements  were  made  to  release  him 
from  his  apprenticeship  when  he  was  in  the  seven 
teenth  year  of  his  age.  He  commenced  at  once  a 
course  of  preparatory  study,  and  entered  Harvard 
College,  and  subsequently  became  a  student  in 
Yale  College.  While  a  member  of  Harvard  Col 
lege  he  became  a  Christian,  and  united  with  the 
Congregational  church  of  which  Rev.  Xathaniel 
Appleton  was  the  pastor,  lie  afterwards  became 
a  Baptist,  and  was  Impti/.ed  bv  his  uncle.  Rev. 
Klisha  Callender.  -Ian.  31,  171'"),  and  united  with 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  Soon  after  he 
connected  himself  with  the  church  in  Boston  he 
began  to  preach,  first  as  a  supply  of  the  venerable 
church  in  Swanzey,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  a 
short  time,  and  then  went  to  Newport,  II.  I.,  where 
he  was  ordained  as  a  colleague  with  Rev.  Wil 
liam  Peekham.  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  in 
1720.  He  remained  with  this  church  not  far  from 
three  years,  and  then  resigned  in  consequence  of 
his  attempt  to  have  the  practice  of  laying  on  of 
hands  uniformly  observed  by  the  church  in  the  ad 
mission  of  new  members.  The  next  two  years 
Mr.  Comer  acted  as  a  supply  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church  in  Newport,  and  then  became  the  pastor  of 
a  church  in  the  southern  part  of  old  Rehoboth, 
Mass.,  near  to  Swanzey.  This  church  maintained 
his  peculiar  views  on  the  subject  of  the  laying  on 
of  hands.  His  connection  with  this  church  con 
tinued  about  two  years,  and  was  terminated  by  his 
death,  which  occurred  May  23,  1734,  in  his  thirtieth 
year. 

Rev.   Dr.   Henry  Jackson    says  of  Mr.   Comer. 


"  He  was  a  gentleman  of  education,  piety,  and 
great  success  in  his  profession.  During  his  brief 
life  he  collected  a  large  body  of  facts,  intending  at 
some  future  period  to  write  the  history  of  the 
American  Baptist  churches.  His  manuscripts  he 
never  printed,  nor  did  he.  as  I  learn,  ever  prepare 
them  for  publication.  He  was  even  unable  to  re 
vise  them,  and  they  were,  of  course,  left  in  their 
original  condition.  Nevertheless,  he  made  an  able 
and  most  valuable  contribution  to  Rhode  Island 
history.  His  papers  were  probably  written  about 
1729-3 1.''  From  all  the  accounts  which  we  have 
of  Mr.  Comer  he  gave  promise  of  great  usefulness. 
Mr.  Comer  was  the  most  remarkable  young  man 
in  the  Baptist  history  of  New  England,  and  his 
early  death  was  a  calamity  to  the  churches  in  that 
section  of  our  country,  suffering  at  the  time  so 
severely  from  Puritan  persecutions,  and  needing  so 
much  his  unusual  talents  and  splendid  acquire 
ments  for  the  marvelous  prosperity,  the  bright  day 
of  which  was  so  soon  to  break  upon  our  struggling 
and  hopeful  communities. 

Communion,  Close,  or  Restricted. — That  the 

ordinances  of  the  Lord's  house  are  for  his  own 
children  admits  of  no  discussion  ;  so  that  in  any 
case  there  must  be  some  restriction.  And  when  we 
examine  the  Word  of  (Jod  we  find  believer's  bap 
tism  always  preceding  every  other  Christian  duty 
and  privilege.  When  the  Saviour  gives  his  com 
mission  he  orders  his  apostles  "  to  teach  (make  dis 
ciples  oj'}  all  nations,  baptizing  them  in  the  name 
of  the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy 
Spirit:  teaching  them  to  observe  all  things  what 
soever  lie  commanded  them." — Matt,  xxviii.  10.  20. 
After  faith  comes  baptism,  then  other  duties  and 
privilege's.  Baptism  precedes  all  Christian  exer 
cises,  after  faith,  according  to  Jesus.  Under  the 
dispensation  of  the  Spirit  the  same  instruction  is 
imparted.  AVhen  he  descended  on  the  day  of  Pen 
tecost  in  great  power,  many  gladly  received  the 
Word  and  (i  were  baptized,  and  the  same  day  there 
were  added  unto  them  about  three  thousand  souls  ; 
and  they  continued  steadfastly  in  the  apostles'  doc 
trine  and  fellowship,  and  in  breaking  of  bread,  and 
in  prayers." — Acts  ii.  41,  42.  These  three  thousand 
are  not  brought  to  the  Lord's  table  first  after  receiv 
ing  the  Word  gladly  ;  after  believing,  the  rite  of  bap 
tism  is  immediately  administered  :  then  they  are 
formally  added  to  the  church,  and  continue  stead 
fastly  in  the  apostles'  doctrine  (teaching)  and 
fellowship,  and  in  breaking  of  bread,  and  in 
prayers.  The  breaking  of  bread,  or  participation 
in  the  Lord's  Supper,  comes  after  baptism  and  teach 
ing.  This  is  the  law  of  Christ,  and  the  practice  of  the 
Spirit,  his  earthly  representative  after  his  ascension. 
In  the  book  of  Acts  throughout,  baptism  follows  pro 
fessed  faith  immediately  and  invariably.  And  as 
the  cases  are  very  numerous,  and  as  the  adminis- 


COMMUNION 

trators  of  the  baptism  were  generally  inspired  men. 
thev  prove  that  immersion  should  precede  the  Sup 
per  and   all   other  Christian  duties  and   privileges. 
The   jailer's  case  significantly  shows  this,     lie  and 
his   household    believe    rejoicing   in    God.  at  "mid 
night:"  "and    he    took    them   (Paul    and    Silas)  Hit' 
x<t  nit1   hour  of  I  lie   iiii/lil   and  washed   their   stripes, 
and  was   bapti/ed.  he   and   all  his.  straightway. "- 
Acts  xvi.  '1~>-.V,\.      I'aul  does  not   spread    the  Lord's 
table    fir   them    first,    but.  they   are    "straightway" 
bapti/.>-d.    This  is  the  uniform  record  of  such  conver 
sions  in  the  Scriptures,     hi  no  instance  in  the  Holy 
Word  is  it,  said,  or  even  hinted,  that  an  unbapti/ed 
man  came  to  the  communion.      Kven    Hubert    Hall, 
the  apostle  of  open   communion,  "admits,  without 
hesitation,  that  subsequently  to   our   Lord's  resur 
rection    the    converts    to    the    Christian    faith    sub 
mitted  to  that  ordinance  (baptism)  prior  lo  /heir  re-  ; 
ceplion  into  llu   Christian  church.     As   little."  says 
lie,  "are  we  disposed  to  deny  that  it   is  at   present 
the  dutv  of  tin1  sincere  believer  to  follow  their  ex 
ample,  and  that  supposing  him   to  be  convinced  of    : 
the   nature   and    import    of    baptism,    he    irmi/il    !><• 
!/nilti/  "f  a   criminal  irregularity  who  neglected  /<> 
attend  lo  if.  previous  lo  hi*  entering  info  (1hri*ti«n 
fellou'slup.      On  the  o/d  it/at  ion  of  Imlli   I  lie  posit  ire 
riles  enjoined  in  the  \civ   Testament,  and   /he  prior 
claim   of  Ini/i/ixm    lo   lite   attention    «f  such  as   are 
propcr/i/  enlightened  on  the  sul>ject.  ice  hare  no  dis- 
]>ute."*     Then,  according  to  the  brilliant  preacher 
of    Cambridge.    Leicester,    and     Bristol,    believers 
should  be   baptized   before  coming  to  the  Supper, 
if  "thev  are  properly  enlightened;''   that  is,  God 
gives    baptism    the    precedence;    for   no   amount  of 
enlightenment  or  ignorance  in  men  could  give  bap 
tism  a  "  prior  claim  to  the  attention  of  such  as  are 
properly  enlightened  on   the  subject,"   unless  God 
had  bestowed  the  precedence  upon  it.     And  accord 
ing   to   the   Book  of  Books,  opt  n  communion   rex/s 
upon  a  foundation  outside  the  boundaries  of  Ifeve- 
1  at  ion. 

Whatever  may  be  the  opinion  of  individuals,  all 
Christian  communities,  recognizing  baptism  and  the 
Supper  to  be  binding  rites,  except  Open  Communion 
Baptists,  require  baptism  before  admission  to  the 
communion.  This  declaration  is  true  of  the  entire 
history  of  Christianity.  Speaking  of  the  early 
Christians,  the  learned  Lord  Chancellor  King,  in 
his  "Primitive  Church."  says.  "  The  persons  com 
municating  were  not  indifferently  all  that  professed 
the  Christian  faith,  as  Origen  writes,  '  It  doth  not 
belong  to  every  one  to  eat  of  this  bread,  and  to 
drink  of  this  cup.'  But  they  were  only  such  as 
were  in  the  number  of  the  faithful,  ;  such  as  were 
baptized  and  received  both  the  credentials  and 
practicals  of  Christianity.'  .  .  .  Baptism  always 

*  Hall  on  Terms  of  Communion,  pp.  I.',',  40.     London,  1851. 


COMUl'NION 


preceded  the  Lord's  Suji|ier.  as  -Justin  Martyr  says, 
'  It  is  not  lawful  for  any  one  to  partake,  of  the  sacra 
mental  food  except  he  be  baptized.' ''t  l)r-  Dvvight, 
a  Congregationalist.  and  a  former  president  of  ^  ale 
College,  savs,  "  It  is  an  indispensable  qualification 
for  this  ordinance  that  the  candidate  for  communion 
he  a,  member  of  the.  visible  church  of  Christ,  in 
full  standing.  By  this  I  intend  that  he  should  be 
a  man  of  piety  :  that  he  should  have  made  a  public, 
profession  of  religion,  and  that  he  should  have  been 
baptized.":';: 

The  author  of  a.  Methodist  work  on  baptism,  a 
minister  of  some  repute  among  his  own  people, 
writes.  "  Before  entering  upon  the  argument  helore 
n-.  it  is  but  just  to  remark  that  in  one  principle 
the  Baptist  and  Pedobaptist  Churches  agree.  They 
both  atrree  in  rejecting  from  communion  at  the  table 
of  the  Lord,  and  in  deiiyin.tr  the  rights  of  church 
fellowship  to  all  who  have  not  been  baptized.  .  .  . 
Their  (Baptist.-)  views  of  baptism  force  them  upon 
the  ground  of  strict  communion,  and  herein  they 
act  upon  the  same  principles  as  oilier  churches, — 
i.e..  they  admit  only  those  whom  they  deem  baptized 
persons  to  the  communion  table. "\  Other  de 
nominations  illicit  be  cited  to  give  the  same  testi 
mony,  but  it  is  needless.  That  baptism  is  a  pre 
requisite  to  the  Lord's  Supper  is  the  law  of  Christ 
endom.  <>i»->i  commnnion  rests  <>n  a  foundation 
outside  UK'  /»//<'  of  revelation,  where  ihe  unsc.riplund 
struct  n  re  of  Unman /urn  stands,  and  it  I  ires  outside 
///c  limits  of  Christian  c.rc<ds  ami  denominational 
st((iidards,  with  the  unimportant  exception  already 
mentioned. 

Baptism  is  immersion  in  water,  as  Baptists  view 
it;  and  as  there  is  but  one  Lord,  one  faith,  and  one 
baptism,  those  who  have  had  only  pouring  and 
sprinkling  for  baptism  are  not  hapti/ed  :  and  a-  bap 
tism  is  a  prerequisite  to  the  Lord's  Supper,  with  both 
Baptists  and  Pedobaptists.  we  cannot  invite  the  un- 
bapti/cd  to  the  table  which  Jesus  has  placed  in  our 
charge,  with  believer's  immersion  as  the  way  to  it. 
This  is  not  a  question  of  charity,  or  want  of 
charity.  In  the  edifice  in  which  the  writer  minis 
ters,  besides  the  church,  there  is  the  congregation, 
—the  unhaptized  hearers.  Many  of  these  are  con 
verted  persons,  generous  benefactors  of  the  com 
munity,  believers  of  lovely  character,  dear  to  the 
hearts  of  the  pastor  and  the  church.  Unbaptized 
though  they  are,  they  have  a  warmer  place  in  the 
affections  of  their  pastor  than  any  similar  num 
ber  of  regularly  bapti/ed  members  of  any  one 
of  our  most  orderly  churches.  They  are  cher 
ished  personal  friends,  for  whom  we  would  make 
any  proper  sacrifice.  Yet  we  never  think  of  in 
viting  them  to  the  Lord's  Supper  :  they  feel  no  slight 

f  King's  Primitive  Church,  pp.  2,'U-:12.     London,  1839. 

t  System  of  Theology.     Sermon,  KM). 

§  F.  G.  Hibbard's  Christian  Baptism,  p.  174. 


COMMUNION 


COMMUNION 


from  such  omission.  They  are  the  only  yiersons  on 
earth  who  have  any  reason  to  take  offense.  They 
have  contributed  largely  for  church  purposes  ;  they 
love  and  are  loved  with  Christian  affection;  and 
they  know  that  the  cause  of  their  not  being  invited 
to  come  to  the  Supper  is  not  a  lack  of  love  on  the 
part  of  the  church,  hut  their  own  want  of  obedience. 
If  we  do  not  invite  them  to  the  table  of  the  Lord,  and 
this  course  shows  no  unkindness.  there  can  be  noth 
ing  uncharitable  in  giving  no  invitation  to  the  com 
munion  to  unbapti/ed  strangers,  though  they  may 
be  members  of  honored  but  sprinkled  religious 
communities. 

"We  love  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and  we  love  his 
servants  of  every  name  ;  and  if  we  do  not  invite  his 
nnbapti/.ed  children  in  I'edobaptist  churches  to  the 
memorial  Supper,  it  is  because  we  reverence  the 
Lord,  who  has  made  believer's  baptism  the  door 
into  the  visible  kingdom,  and  thev  have  removed 
it.  A\  ith  our  venerable  brother.  Dr.  ('one.  we  con 
clude,  "  Xor  can  this  course  of  conduct  be  right 
eously  construed  into  a  breach  of  brotherly  love 
and  Christian  forbearance,  until  it  can  be  proved 
that  we  ought  to  love  men  more  than  we  love  (iod. 
and  that  the  clmritv  which  rejoiceth  not  in  in 
iquity,  but  rejoiceth  in  the  truth,  requires  us  to 
disregard  the  commandments  of  God,  and  dispense 
with  the  ordinances  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour,  Jesus 
Christ."  "Finally,  brethren,  farewell!  Adhere 
steadfastly  to  the  doctrines  and  ordinances  of  ( 'hri>t. 
as  he  has  delivered  them  to  us  ;  and  as  there  is  <nie 
body  and  one  ajtirit,  ecen  KH  i/ecre  enlhd  in  one /tope 
of  your  eallin/i:  one  Lord,  one  faith,  one  Implimn, 
.vo  we  hcseei-h.  ;/<>u  thai  i/e  walk  u-orll/ij  oj'lhe  rora/ioit 
icliercu-i/h  ije.  arc  ealled,  u-illi  all  lowliness  and  meek 
ness,  u-illi  long  suffering,  forbearing  one  another  in 
love  ;  endeiii-orinij  to  ke<'/)  I  lie  unllij  <>/'  lite  Spirit  in 
the  bond  of  peace. "^  (See  articles  on  Oi't:\  COM 
MUNION,  and  THE  LORD'S  SLTPEK.) 

Communion,  Open. — This  practice  is  of  com 
paratively  modern  origin,  and  its  history  presents 
little  to  recommend  it.  It  seems  to  have  been  a 
natural  outgrowth  of  persecuting  times,  when  the 
people  of  God  were  few  in  number  and  were;  com 
pelled  to  worship  in  secret  places;  and  when  the 
preservation  of  the  fundamentals  of  divine  truth 
made  men  blind  to  grave  errors  that  were  regarded 
as  not  soul  destroying.  In  the  first  half  of  the 
seventeenth  century  it  made  its  appearance  in  Eng 
land.  John  Bunyan  was  its  ablest  defender,  and 
the  church  of  which  he  was  the  honored  pastor 
illustrates  the  natural  tendencies  of  the  system 
by  its  progress  backward,  in  adopting  infant  sprink 
ling  and  the  Congregational  denomination. 

Open  communion  refers  to  fellowship  at  the 
Lord's  table,  and  it  has  three  forms, — a  mixed 

*  Circular  Letter  of  Hudson  River  Association.  1S24,  ]>p.  15,  10. 


membership:  occasional  communion  by  the  unbap- 
tized  in  a  church  whose  entire  membership  is  im 
mersed  ;  and  two  churches  in  the  same;  building, 
|  meeting  toijellier  for  ordinary  worship,  but  cele 
brating  the  Lord's  Supper  at  separate  times.  The 
first  was  Banyan's,  the  second  is  followed  by  Spur- 
geon,  the  third  was  the  plan  adopted  bv  Robert 
Ifall  in  Leicester.  The  community  in  Hall's 
chapel,  which  he  called  "The  Open  Communion 
Church.''  was  composed  of  "The  Congregation" 
as  distinct  from  the  church  and  .such  members  of 
the  church  as  might  unite  with  them.  On  his  re 
tirement  from  his  pastorate  in  Leicester,  he  sent 
two  resignations  to  the  people  of  his  charge  in  that 
city. — one  to  "The  Church  of  Christ  meeting  in 
Harvey  Lane,"  and  another  to  "The  Open  Com 
munion  Church  meeting  in  Harvey  Lane."t 

In  this  country  the  mixed  membership  form  of 
open  communion  had  a  very  extensive  trial,  not 
in  regular  Baptist  churches  nor  in  regular  Baptist 
Associations.  At  quite  an  early  period  in  our  his 
tory  there  were  communities  practising  immersion 
and  tolerating  infant  sprinkling,  or  placing  both 
upon  an  equal  footing.  Xo  one  of  our  original 
Associations  held  open  communion.  The  annual 
or  other  gathering  among  Open  Communists  sim 
ilar  to  an  Association  was  called  "A  Conference,"]; 
"A  General  Meeting.''  or  ''A  \early  Meeting.'' 
John  Asplund.  in  giving  an  account  of  the  Asso 
ciations  and  other  meetings  of  the  communities 
that  practised  immersion,  says,  '•  The  Grofon  Confer- 
em-e  was  begun  IT*"*.  .  .  .  Their  sentiments  are 
general  provision  (the  Arminian  view  of  the  atone 
ment)  and  open  or  large  communion.  Keep  no  cor 
respondence."  That  is,  they  were  not  recognized 
by  the  Warren  or  any  Xew  England  Baptist  Asso 
ciation,  lie  speaks  of  a  '•  General  Mcelin/f  in 
Maine,  and  he  states  that  it  was  "gathered  about 
17SG.  They  hold  to  the  Bible  without  any  other 
confession  of  faith.  Keep  no  correspondence,.  Very 
strict  in  the  practical  part  of  religion.  Their  sen 
timents  are  universal  provision  and  final  falling 
from  grace.''|  These  people  were  Arminians,  and 
were  not  in  fraternal  relations  with  Baptists. 

In  the  Xew  Light  revivals  in  Xew  England, 
where  the  converted  people  left  the  Congregational 
and  formed  u  Separate  Churches,"  the  membership 
was  often  equally  divided  between  Baptists  and 
Pedobaptists.  They  loved  one  another  ;  they  were 
hated  by  the  state  religious  establishment;  they 
made  special  efforts  and  sometimes  solemn  pledges 
that  they  would  not  slight  each  other's  opinions. 
Open  communion  never  had  a  fairer  field,  and  yet 
it  was  a  complete  failure.  Instead  of  promoting 
charity  it  broke  up  the  peace  of  churches,  and  it 

t  Hall's  Works,  vol.  i.  125-2(1.     London,  1851. 

|  liackus's  History  of  the  Baptists,  ii.  44.     Newton. 

f|  Annual  Kegister,  pp.  4s,  49.     1790. 


was  finally  renounced  by  pretty  nearly  all  its  orig 
inal    friends.     Isaac  Backus,   the    historian,   while 
pastor  of  an   open   communion   church   at  Titicut. 
was   actually   compelled   by   the  malice   stirred    up 
by  open   communion  to    form  a  new  organization, 
that  he  and  his  people   might  have  peace,      llovey 
savs,    ''  If  any   member   of  the    church    desired   to 
have   his   children   bapti/ed,  he   had  permission  to 
call   in  a  minister  from  abroad  to  perform  the   act: 
and  if  any  member  who   had  been  sprinkled  in  in 
fancy   wished  to  be  baptized,  full   permission  was 
.framed  Mr.  Backus  to  administer  the  rite.      More 
over,  it  was  agreed   that  no  one  should  introduce 
any  conversation  which  would  lead  to  remarks  on 
the  subjects  or  the  mode  of  baptism.   .   .   .  These 
persistent  endeavors  to  live  in  peace  were  unavail 
ing.    For  when  infants  were  sprinkled  the  Baptists 
showed   their   dissatisfaction    without   leaving   the 
house,    and    when    Mr.    Backus    bapti/ed    certain 
members  of  his  own  church,  the  Congregntional- 
ists  would   not   go   to  witness   the   immersion,  but 
called   it  rebapti/.ing  and  taking   the  name  of  the 
Trinity  in  vain.     And  when  the   members  of  the 
church    met    for    conference   they   were    afraid    to 
speak    their    minds   freely,   lest,   offense    might    be 
uiven.    and    this    fear   led   to   an    unbrotherly   shy 
ness."*     Tor  the  sake  of  peace  Backus  was  driven, 
Jan.    10,    1756,   to  have  a   Baptist  church    formed. 
And  the  same  cause,  aided  by  increasing  light  from 
the  Word  of  C.od,  destroyed  this  pernicious  feature 
in  nearly  all   the  open  communion  bodies  in  New 
England. 

In  Nova  Scotia  mixed  communion  was  the  cus 
tom  of  the  churches  in  which  Baptists  held   their 
membership.      In  1 70S,  when   the  Nova  Scotia  As 
sociation  was  formed,  its  churches  were  all  on  this 
platform,  and  some  of  the  ministers  were  Pedobap- 
tists.     About   1774,  when  one  of  the  churches  was 
destitute  of  a  pastor,   Mr.   Allen   had   two    ruling 
elders  ordained,  one  a  Baptist  and  the  other  a  Con- 
gregationalist.  with  power  to  administer  the  ordi 
nances   '•  each  in   his  own  way.   agreeably   to   the 
sentiments  of  his  brethren  :   but  this  was  a  short 
lived  church."      In  ISU'.I,  the  Association   passed  a 
resolution  that  no  church  should  be  a  member  of 
it   that   permitted   open    communion. t     And   long 
since  the  churches  of  that  province  discarded   the 
unscriptural    practice     altogether.       The    pioneer 
Baptist  ministers  of  Ontario  and  Quebec  were  open 
communionists,   and    their   little   churches   caught 
their  spirit;  but  to-day  the  Baptists  of  these  prov 
inces    arc    men    whose    orthodoxy    their    brethren 
everywhere  may   regard  with   admiration.      Open 
communion   in  England  is  a  splendid  worldly  door 
for  a  Baptist   to   pass  through  when  he  wishes  to 


*  Ilovey's  Life  uncl  Times  of  Isaac  Backus,  115-18. 
f  Benedict's  History  of  tin-  Baptist  Denomination,  pp.  521,  52:5, 
539.     New  York,  184s. 


exchange  the  plain  Dissenting  chapel  for  the  gor 
geous  State  church,  but  it  has  no  attraction  for 
the  1'edobaptist,  unless  a  Spurgeon  for  a  brief 
season  may  excite  his  curiosity. 

Nearlv  twenty  years  ago  an  open  communion 
church  was  established  in  San  Francisco,  known  as 
the  Union  Square  Baptist  church.  The  members 

i  were  irodlv,  the  pastor  was  able,  earnest,  and  de- 

•    i 
voted.       No    similar    experiment   was    ever    tried 

under  more  favorable  circumstances.  But  alter 
testing  the  project  for  many  years  the  discovery 
forced  itself  upon  the  pious  leaders  of  the  enter 
prise  that  there  was  a  defect  in  the  scriptural  basis 
of  their  church,  and  the  pastor  withdrew  and  sub 
sequently  united  with  the  Regular  Baptists.  The 
church,  lit  a  meeting  held  April  28,  1SSO,  by  a  vote 
almost  unanimous,  placed  itself  in  harmony  with 
the  great  Baptist  denomination  of  the  Lnited 
States. 

Our  doctrine  of  restricted  communion  is  more 
trenerally  and  intensely  cherished  among  us  at  this 
time  than  at  any  previous  period  in  our  history. 
Open  communion  is  regarded  as  a  departure  from 
scriptural  requirement,  as  an  attack  upon  the  con 
victions  of  nearly  all  Christendom,  and  as  a  source 
of  faction  and  discord.  (See  articles  on  CLOSE 
COMMI-NION-  and  TIIK  Loun's  SITI-EK.) 

Compere,  Rev.  Lee,  a  distinguished  preacher 
in  Mississippi,  was  born  in  England  in  178'.);  went 
as  a  missionary  to  Jamaica  in  1S10,  but  after  one 
year  his  health  compelled  him  to  give  up  an  inter- 
esting  work.  '  lie  then  came  to  the  United  States 
and  labored  some  time  in  South  Carolina,  lie  was 
six  years  at  the  head  of  the  Baptist  mission  to  the 
Creek  Indians,  until  it  was  broken  up  by  the  re 
moval  of  the  Indians  west  of  the  Mississippi.  He 
then  followed  the  tide  of  emigration  first  into  Ala 
bama,  and  thence  into  Mississippi,  and  settled  in 
Yazoo  County.  In  this  State  he  labored  in  various 
localities  with  distinguished  ability  until  the  late 
civil  war.  when  he  removed  to  Arkansas,  and  thence 
to  Texas,  where  he  died  in  1S71. 

Comstock,  Rev.  Elkanah,  was  the  first  Baptist 

minister  ordained  to  labor  in  Michigan.  Under  ap 
pointment  of  the  Baptist  Convention  of  New  York 
he  settled  at  Pontiac  in  1824.  He  was  born  in  New 
London.  Conn.,  and  there  early  became  a  member  of 
the  church.  As  a  young  man  he  shared  in  the  sea 
faring  life  of  that  noted  port,  among  whose  ship 
captains  the  name  of  Comstock  is  an  honored  one. 
He  commenced  preaching  in  1800:  was  located 
first  in  Albany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  afterwards  in  Cayuga 
County,  from  whence  he  was  appointed  to  Michi 
gan  Territory.  His  qualifications  as  an  organizer 
and  leader  on  the  frontier  were  excellent.  Of 
active  mind,  good  education,  high  moral  and  Chris 
tian  worth,  rare  practical  wisdom,  soundness  in  the 
faith,  and  fearless  fidelity  in  advocating  it,  he  was 


COMSTOCK 


259 


CONANT 


a  workman  that  needed  not  to  be  ashamed.  He 
was  prized  as  a  citizen,  and  his  home  was  a  model 
of  well-ordered  Christian  life.  After  ten  years  of 
devoted  labor,  broken  in  health,  he  visited  his  native 
place,  only  to  finish  there  a  laborious  and  useful 
life  at  the  age  of  sixty-three  years. 

Comstock,  Hon.  Oliver  C.,  was  born  in  War 
wick,  R.  I.,  March  1,  17S1.  His  father's  family  re 
moved  to  Schenectady,  X.  Y.,  while  he  was  yet  a 
child.  Tic  studied  medicine  and  practised  it  for  a 
time  near  Cayuga  Bridge,  lie  was  a  member  of 
Congress  from  New  York  six  years,  and  while  in 
this  office  was  baptized  by  Rev.  0.  B.  Brown,  of 
Washington  City.  lie  was  ordained  as  a  Christian 
minister  in  the  same  city,  Feb.  27,  1819.  A  few 
years  after  he  practised  medicine  in  Trumansburg, 
N.  Y.  From  1825  to  1S34  he  was  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Rochester.  Later  in  life  he 
removed  to  Michigan.  For  four  years  he  was 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  lie  died  in 
Marshall  in  18f>9.  Rev.  drover  8.  Comstock,  mis- 
sionarv  to  Arracan.  was  his  son. 

Conant,  Alban  Jasper,  was  born  in  Vermont 
Sept.  24,  1821.  He  was  prepared  for  college  when 
he  was  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  he  taught  school 
for  some  time.  lie  took  an  eclectic  course  of  study 
in  the  university.  lie  visited  a  distinguished  artist 
in  New  York  City,  and  received  lessons  in  painting 
from  him.  He  lived  in  Troy  twelve  years.  In  1857 
he  came  to  St.  Louis.  He  took  at  once  position  as 
an  artist,  and  he  secured  the  establishment  of  an 
art-gallery.  He  visited  Washington,  and  painted 
the  portrait  of  Attorney-general  Bates  and  his 
family,  and  of  Hon.  E.  M.  Stanton,  Secretary  of 
War.  His  best  portraits  are  one  of  President  Lin 
coln  and  some  in  possession  of  James  B.  Eads. 
Mr.  Conant  has  resided  in  St.  Louis  since  the  close 
of  the  war.  Many  homes  there  have  been  made 
attractive  by  the  features  of  dear  ones  on  canvas 
which  ho  has  placed  within  them.  Prof.  Conant 
occupies  a  high  social  position.  His  learning  and 
genial  disposition  make  him  many  friends.  Tie 
is' the  author  of  the  "Foot-Prints  of  A'anished 
Races  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,"  a  work  highly 
commended  for  originality  and  research.  He  is  a 
curator  in  the  University  of  Missouri,  and  he  has 
lectured  in  it  and  before  literary  societies  with 
great  acceptance.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis.  He  was  baptized  by 
Dr.  Baldwin,  of  Troy,  N.  Y. 

While  he  is  charmed  by  art  he  is  devoted  to 
Christ,  the  fountain  of  all  beauty,  goodness,  and 
mercy. 

Conant,  Ebenezer,  Jr.,  one  of  the  founders  and 
a  deacon  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Ashburnham  and 
Ashby,  Mass.,*  was  born  in  1743,  and  died  in  1783. 


*  Backus,  History  of  the  Baptists,  3d  ed.,  vol.  ii.  p.  4(M. 


He  was  a  lineal  descendant,  in  the  fifth  generation, 
from  Roger  Conant, f  founder  of  Salem  and  gov 
ernor  of  Cape  Ann  Colony.  He  was  a  patriot  sol 
dier  of  the  Revolution,  holding  an  adjutant's  com 
mission  from  the  Council  of  Massachusetts  Bay  in 
the  Continental  army  during  the  first  four  years 
of  the  war.  His  commission,  signed  by  James 
Bowdoin,  president  of  the  Council,  and  afterwards 
governor  of  Massachusetts,  is  dated  the  20th  day 
of  June,  1776.  He  withdrew  from  the  service  in 
1780,  with  a  shattered  constitution,  and  a  malady 
that  proved  fatal  after  a  lingering  illness  of  two 
years.  He  returned  to  his  home  wrecked  in  for 
tune  as  in  health,  having  lost  his  pay  by  the  depre 
ciation  of  the  Continental  currency,  large  sheets 
of  which  he  brought  home,  and  of  which  a  hundred 
dollars  would  not  buy  him  a  breakfast. 

He  married  Lydia  Oakes,  of  Stow,  Mass.,  a 
woman  of  great  strength  of  character,  and.  after 
her  conversion  and  union  witli  the  Baptist  church, 
a  devoted  Christian  in  the  church  and  the  house 
hold.  While  her  husband  was  absent  in  the  army, 
and  after  his  decease,  she  maintained  family  wor 
ship,  and  opened  her  house  for  meetings  of  the 
church  and  for  ministers  of  the  gospel  on  their 
missionary  travels. 

On  the  birth  of  their  first  child,  some  years  be 
fore,  not  being  members  of  the  Congregational 
Church,  they  owned  the  covenant  (half-way  cove 
nant)  that  the  infant  might  receive  baptism.  In 
the  great  religious  awakening  which  followed  the 
preaching  of  Whitefield,  his  parents,  who  were 
members  of  the  Congregational  Church,  became 
converts  and  disciples,  or  "  new  lights,"  as  then  de 
risively  called.  He  himself  and  his  wife  became 
dissatisfied  with  their  half-way  relation  to  the 
church,  and  convinced  that  they  had  no  true  re 
ligion.  About  that  time  they  heard  the  preaching 
of  a  faithful  Baptist  minister  by  the  name  of 
Fletcher,J  who  visited  Ashburnham.  His  preaching 
was  blessed  to  their  salvation.  They  were  baptized 
with  others,  among  them  his  aged  father,  and  a 
small  Baptist  church  was  formed.  The  "  covenant 
made  between  the  Baptist  brethren  in  Ashburnham 
and  Ashby  at  their  first  coming  into  church  order" 
is  dated  1778,  and  is  preserved  in  a  manuscript 
volume  containing  his  views  of  Christian  doctrine 
and  experience,  a  profession  of  faith,  and  other 
religious  writings.  The  little  church,  having  no 
stated  preaching  and  no  place  of  worship,  met  for 
religious  services  at  his  house  ;  where  during  his 
long  illness,  as  his  nephew,  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Dodge, 
of  Philadelphia,  informed  the  writer  of  this  article, 
he  was  accustomed  to  address  them  with  words  of 

t  A  In-other  of  Dr.  John  Conant,  of  Exeter  College,  one  of  the 
Westminster  Assembly  of  Divines.  The  family  were  Huguenot 
refugees. 

%  Backus,  History  of  the  Baptists,  :j  1  ,.il  ,  vol.  ii.  p.  ->:'>',. 


COX  AM' 


CON  ANT 


instruction   and  encouragement   from   the   door  of 
his  siek-rooin. 

What  llie  little  band  suffered  from  the  oppression 
of  tlie  "  standing  order"  is  told  liy  Backus  (  History, 
vol.  ii.-lol,  foot-note).  The  "-•rain"  there  referred 
to,  as  seized  under  authority  of  law  for  the  parish 
minister's  use,  was  K!>cue/,er  Conaitt's.  Hut  though 
poor  and  oppressed,  they  were  enriched  with  spirit 
ual  blessings. 

His  funeral  sermon  was  preached  by  Father 
Case,  the  home  missionary,  long  after  known  and 
honored  in  the  churches  of  .Maine. 

Conailt,  John,  son  of  the  preceding,  was  born 
in  Ashlmrnham.  .Mass.,  in  177^:  died  in  Brandon, 
A't..  in  1S")().  At  11  very  early  age  he  was  the  sub 
ject  of  deep  religions  impressions,  which  matured 
and  strengthened  with  the  growth  of  years,  and 
were  the  inspiring  and  controlling  influence  of  his 
long  and  active  life. 

These  early  impressions  were  made  by  the  con 
versation  and  prayers  of  Mr.  Fletcher,  the  Baptist 
minister  referred  to  in  the  preceding  article. 


JOHN"    COXANT. 

"When  lie  came  to  the  town,"  says  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  in  his  manuscript  diary,  "he  was 
mocked  and  hooted  at  by  the  populace.  Some  out 
of  curiosity  went  to  hear  him  preach.  My  father 
and  mother  went,  and  were  pricked  in  the  heart." 
He  was  invited  to  their  house,  and  became  their 
guest,  with  permission  to  preach  there  to  all  who 
desired  to  hear.  "His  conversation,"  says  the 
diary,  "  attracted  my  attention.  I  loved  him,  and 
ate  his  words  as  sweet  morsels,  and  they  were 
blessed  of  God  for  the  salvation  of  my  young  soul 


1  think  now  that  if  ever  I  loved  religion,  and  en- 
joved  its  sweets,  it  was  then."  lie  was  eight  or 
nine  years  of  age. 

In     17SO    occurred   the    great    revival   under   the 
preaching   of  another   "Baptist    minister,   the    Rev. 
•Joel    Butler.     "  He  came  to  our  house,"   says  the 
diary,  "  the  place   where   meetings  were  held,  and 
with  him  a  godly  man   by  the   name  of  Smith.      A 
meeting  was    notified,   and    the    house   was    filled. 
The  text  was  Genesis  xi.x.  14:  '  Up,  get  you  out  of 
this  place.'  etc.     The  sermon  was  powerful,  search- 
ng  out  all    the    hiding-places    of    professors    and 
ion-professors.       Mr.    Smith     then     rose     and    re- 
jue-ted  parents   to  allow  him  to  address  their  chil 
li-en.      His    earnest  and  pathetic   appeals  were  felt 
iv  all.      The  place  seemed  to  be  shaken,  and   over 
shadowed  by  the  Holy  Spirit      A  powerful  revival 
bllowed,  and  many  were  born    into  the  kingdom. 
The  following  entry  in   his  diary  is   instructive,  as 
characteristic  of  the  spirit  of  the  time  :   "  On  the 
lUth  day  of  July.  17*0,  the  church  obtained  a  faint 
ope  for   me.  and  I  had  but   a  faint  one  for  myself, 
was  that  day.  with  thirteen  others,  bapti/.ed  and 
received  into  the  Baptist  Church,  enjoying  greatly 
that   ordinance.      I   have   ever  since   been    favored, 
:hough  unworthy,  with  a  name  and  a  place  in  the 
jhurch  of  God."      He  was  then  in  the  fourteenth 
vcar  of  his  age. 

His  father  had  died  after  a  lingering  sickness  of 
two  years,  during  which  his  slender  means  were 
exhausted,  leaving  a  wife  and  seven  children,  the 
oldest  but  ten  years  of  age.  A  week  before  his 
leath,  the  anxious  mother  pressed  him  to  intrust 
some  of  them  to  dear  friends  who  would  care  for 
them.  "  My  dear  wife,"  said  he,  looking  up  into 
her  face  with  a  smiling,  joyful  countenance,  "I 
ive  already  done  that.  I  have  given  away  all 
your  children  to  the  dearest  Friend  in  the  world." 
This  prayerful  consecration  of  them  to  God.  says 
the  diary,  I  believe  was  blest  to  the  salvation  of 
all  his  children. 

The  support  of  the  family  devolved  mainly  on  his 
mother  and  himself,  as  the  oldest  son,  from  the 
time  he  was  eight  years  of  age,  while  his  father 
was  absent  in  the  army.  He  records  in  his  diary 
that  he  was  then  accustomed  to  go  into  the  woods 
with  a  yoke  of  oxen,  cut  down  a  young  tree  and 
draw  it  to  the  house.  "  My  father,"  he  says, 
"having  left  a  chest  of  carpenter's  tools,  I  soon 
became  a  proficient  in  carpenter  and  joiner  work  ; 
and  when  seventeen  years  of  age  I  built  a  saw-mill 
for  my  mother,  mostly  with  my  own  hands."  So 
early  were  habits  of  self-reliance  formed.  At  the 
age  of  eighteen  lie  could  compete  with  the  good 
workmen  of  the  town  ;  and  at  twenty  he  was  pro 
moted  to  be  master  of  the  interior  work  of  the  new 
church  at  Bolton,  Mass.  Finding  the  parish  priest 
of  the  "standing  order"  a  very  dull  preacher,  he 


COXAXT 


2fil 


COXA  NT 


walked  five   miles   every  Sunday  to  hear  a  Baptist     At  length  he  yielded  to  the  voice  of  his  brethren, 

and  till  his  death,  eighr-and-lhirty  years,  was  a 
devoted  servant  in  the  house  of  his  Lord.  "This 
offi 


minister. 

At  the  age  of  twenty-one,  having  assumed  the 

responsibility  of  providing  a  home  for  his  aged  !  office,"  he  says  in  his  diary.  "I  have  considered 
mother  and  her  surviving  parent,  he  found  it  neces-  '  the  most  responsible  and  honorable  ever  conferred 
sary  to  seek  a.  more  productive  field  of  enterprise.  •  on  me  by  man.  I  have  always  felt  my.-eif  tin- 
On  a  visit  to  his  relatives  in  Brandon.  Vt..  his  atten-  |  worthy  to  hold  it,  seeing  as  I  do  so  much  unfitness 
tin: i  was  attracted  to  a  waterfall,  which  he  purchased,  in  myself." 

Having  removed  to  Brandon  in  1797,  he  constructed  [  In  17'.'4  he  married  Miss  Charity  Broughton.  a 
a  dam  and  mills  on  the  waterfall.  "  I  soon  united."  ,  daughter  of  Wait  Broughton.  of  Pepperell.  Mass.; 
says  the  diary,  "  with  the  Baptist  church  here  :  with  |  "  A  happy  union"  (says  his  diary),  "  with  a  faithful 
which  I  have  always  felt  a  sweet  union,  and,  as  I  ;  partner  in  all  the  joys  and  sorrows  of  life." 
humbly  hope,  have  tried  to  aid  both  in  its  religious  When  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  was  formed 
and  pecuniary  interests."  The  feeble  band  met  for  |  in  Boston  for  the  support  of  Mr.  -ludson.  then  in 
a  time  in  his  rough  tenement  of  sawn  timber.  In  '  the  missionary  field,  they  sent  him  a  copy  of  their 
1 800  he  united  with  eleven  others  in  building  a  plain  |  first  printed  circular,  lie  wrote  on  it  his  name 
house  of  worship  of  moderate  dimensions,  doing  the  |  and  subscription  and  placed  it  on  the  front  of  the 
principal  part  of  the  work.  In  1S<>:2  lie  built  a  i  pulpit,  and  was  ever  after  a  regular  contributor  to 
house  for  himself.  "In  IS)Ji2."  says  the  diary.  '•  I  |  the  funds  of  the  mission. 

wished  to  see  a  better  house  of  worship  for  my  Bap-          His  characteristics  are  well   summed  up  by  the 
tist  brethren.      I  thought  it  my  duty  to  go  forward      Kev.  Dr.  Collyer  in   his  life  of  the  nephew  of  the 
in    the  work,  and   build   such  a  house   as  would   be  |   subject  of  this  sketch.-' 
respectable,  that  others  might  be  induced  to  come  |       Conant,  Thomas  J.,  D.D.,  was   born   l>ec.    13. 


and  see  and  hear  for  themselves.  With  much  toil. 
and  infirmity  of  bndv.  1  went  through  this  under 
taking.  strengthened  all  along  by  the  belief  that  I 
was  doing  that  which  it  was  mv  duty  to  do.  and  for 
which  no  one  had  a  like  mind.  I  have  lived  to  see 
the  house  finished,  and  to  see  the  church  abun 
dantly  blessed  in  it."  He  afterwards  erected  a  large 
seminary  building  for  a  high  school,  under  the 
direction  of  Baptists.  For  his  personal  use  he  put 
up  numerous  buildings,  mills,  stores,  dwelling- 
houses,  an  iron-foundry,  etc.  ;  his  diary  recognizing 
the  good  hand  of  God  in  all  his  labors  and  suc 
cesses. 

Through  life  he  was  active  in  the  public  affairs 
of  the  town  and  of  the  State.  In  1SU1  he  was  ap 
pointed  a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  held  the  office 
fortv  years.  In  iSO'.Ihe  represented  the  town  in 
the  State  Legislature,  arid,  with  a  brief  interval, 
continued  to  do  so  till  1S±_2.  During  the  war  with 
England.  IS  1  'J—  15.  he  was  appointed  by  the  na 
tional  government  to  assess  the  township  for  a 
direct  tax.  lie  was  a  member  of  the  convention 
for  revising  the  constitution  of  the  State,  and  was 
one  of  the  electoral  college  that  cast  the  vote  of  the 
State  for  Harrison.  For  many  years  he  served  the 
town  as  one  of  the  selectmen,  and  of  the  listers 
of  ratable  estate,  and  was  postmaster  of  the  town 
fifteen  years. 

In  180(5  he  was  chosen  clerk  of  the  church,  and 
served  it  in  that  office  thirty-seven  years.  In  1818 
he  was  elected  a  deacon  of  the  church.  The  re 
sponsibilities  of  that  office  weighed  heavily  upon 
his  mind.  lie  could  not  persuade  himself  that  he 
had  the  spiritual  qualifications  of  one  who  serves 


1802.  at  Brandon.  Vt.     He  graduated  at  Middle- 


THOMAS    J.   CONAN'T.    D.D. 

bury  College  in  1S123.  and  for  two  years  afterwards 
pursued  philosophical    studies    under    the  personal 

*  A  Man  in  Karnest:  Life  of  A.  II.  Conant.  Uv  lioberl  Coll- 
yor,  IST-J.  "  We  can  see  that  .John  Conant  held  and  nursed  a  sweet 
and  well-toned  reli-ious  spirit.  .  .  .  The  man  was  a  noble  specimen 
of  that  sturdy,  capable,  self-contained  nature  only  found  in  its  per 
fection  in  New  Knirland;  determined  always  to  get  along  in  the 
world,  to  pither  property  and  influence,  hut  with  a  solemn  religious 
element  woven  tliron^h  and  through  the  business  faculty.  The 
sort  of  man  most  faithful,  wherever  lie  is  found,  in  the  support  of 


at  the  Lord's  table,  and  is  an  example  to  believers.  |  schools,  churches,  and  public  libraries." 


CON  Ann 


202 


CONK 


supervision  of  I 'nil.  II.  B.  Patton.  After  teaching 
a  short  time  in  Columbian  College,  lie  accepted  the 
professorship  of  Languages  in  Waterville  College, 
.Me.  lie  was  deeply  interested  in  Oriental  phi 
lology,  and  having  resigned  his  chair  at  Water 
ville,  he  repaired  to  the  vicinity  of  Boston  that  h<! 
miiiht  have  the  assistance  of  the  learned  men  of 
Newton.  Cambridge,  and  Andover,  with  the  libra 
ries  of  these  centres  of  education,  as  aids  in  the 
study  of  the  Hebrew,  Chaldee,  Syriac,  and  Arabic 
languages.  In  18IJ5,  IK;  was  made  Professor  of  Bib 
lical  Literature  and  Criticism  in  the  Theological 
Seminary  a!  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1X50,  he  filled 
a  similar  chair  in  Rochester  Seminary.  While  pro 
fessor  at  Hamilton  he  spent  two  years  abroad  per 
fecting  his  scholarship  in  the  (Jerman  universities. 
For  some  years  lie  has  concentrated  his  labors  on 
the  revision  of  the  commonly  received  English 
version  of  the  Scriptures,  chiefly  in  the  employ  of 
the  American  .Bible  Union.  His  first  elaborate 
production  was  a  paper  on  the  laws  of  translation, 
and  the  subject  has  been  a  specialty  with  him  ever 
since.  In  IS.'J'J  he  prepared  a  translation  of  (!e- 
senius's  Hebrew  grammar,  which  he  has  since  en 
larged  and  improved,  and  it  is  still  the  standard 
Hebrew  grammar  of  the  schools  in  America  and 
Europe.  His  first  published  work  on  the  Bible 
was  the  revision  of  the  Book  of  -Job.  with  notes. 
It  opens  that  wonderful  poem  to  the  pious  reader 
in  a  way  that  the  old  version  could  not,  so  that  he 
may  see  and  admire  its  beauties  ami  truths.  Since 
that  he  has  brought  out  many  of  the  books  of  the 
Bible,  not  as  per  feet  translations,  but  as  specimens 
of  work  to  be  submitted  to  the  criticisms  of  scholars. 
He  has  thrown  great  light  on  many  obscure  texts 
of  the  common  version.  •  It  is  now  admitted  that 
he  stands  in  the  front  rank  of  Oriental  scholars. 

It  is  in  place  here  to  notice  that  Mrs.  Conant, 
daughter  of  .Rev.  Dr.  Chaplin,  first  president  of 
Waterville  College,  has  been  a  fitting  helpmeet  to 
her  husband  in  his  literary  work.  For  years  she 
edited  the  Mother's  Journal.  She  translated  "Lea, 
or  the  Baptism  in  Jordan."  by  Strauss,  the  court 
preacher  of  Berlin.  In  1850-52  she  translated 
Xeander's  practical  commentaries  on  the  epistles 
of- John  and -Janies,  and  on  Philippians.  She  then 
published  a  biographical  sketch  of  Dr.  Judson.  en 
titled  "The  Karnest  Man,"  n  '•  History  of  Knglish 
Bible  Translations."  "  New  England  Theocracy," 
and  a  "  History  of  the  English  Bible."1  With  such 
a  wife  to  aid  him  in  his  studies  it  is  not  strange 
that  Dr.  Conant  has  accomplished  so  much  in  his 
specific  field  of  labor. 

Conard,  Rev.  William  H.,  was  born  at  Mont 
gomery  Square.  Pa..  Oct.  8,  1882;  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  George  Higgins. -Jan.  1,  1855:  graduated  from 
the  university  at  Lewisburg  in  1SC>2;  was  ordained 
September.  1862,  and  settled  as  pastor  of  the  church 


at  Davisville,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  fourteen 
years.  Removed  to  Bristol,  Pa.,  September,  1876, 
where  he  remained  until  the  summer  of  1880,  when 
he  was  called  to  the  secretaryship  of  the  Pennsyl 
vania  Baptist  General  Association.  For  the  admin 
istration  of  this  oflice  he  possesses  marked  adap 
tation,  and  he  is  giving  to  the  work  such  an  energy 
of  purpose  and  devotion  as  will  doubtless  be  pro 
ductive  of  large  and  beneficent  results.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  board  of  curators  of  the  university 
at  Lewisburg.  and  is  actively  engaged  in  denomi 
national  work.  He  is  a  sound  and  forceful  preacher, 
and  has  been  a  faithful  and  successful  pastor. 
Under  his  ministry  a  capacious  and  beautiful  church 
edifice  was  built  at  Davisville  and  paid  for. 

Concord  Institute,  located  at  Shiloh.  Union 
Parish,  La.,  was  organized  in  1X7I>.  under  the 
patronage  of  the  Concord  Baptist  Association,  with 
a  capital  of  $14,000.  obtained  in  a  few  months  by 
the  labors  of  Rev.  S.  C.  Lee.  who  was  appointed  by 
the  Association  to  raise  this  amount.  It  is  con 
ducted  upon  the  plan  of  the  co-education  of  the 
sexes,  and  has  proved  very  successful.  From  100 
to  150  pupils  receive  instruction  annually.  The 
course  of  instruction  is  thorough  and  extensive. 
Rev.  C.  B.  Freeman  is  principal,  aided  by  a  corps 
of  competent  teachers. 

Concrete  College,  Concrete.  De  Witt  (Jo. .Texas, 
was  organized  in  18C>2  and  chartered  in  1873.  li 
is  a  private  institution,  but  controlled  and  managed 
by  Baptists.  It  has  done  a  good  work  in  educating 
both  sexes.  Its  president.  •).  K.  V.  Co.rev,  D.I)., 
and  Prof.  W.  Thomas.  A.M..  are  its  owners,  and 
have  succeeded  well  in  their  enterprise.  Its  build 
ings  and  grounds  are  worth  §17,000. 

Cone,  Spencer  Houghton,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Princeton.  N.  •].,  April  80.  17X5.  His  parents  were 
persons  of  intellectual  and  moral  worth.  His  father 
was  a  native  of  East  liaddam.  Conn.,  where  for 
several  generations  the  family  had  lived,  and  his 
mother  was  the  daughter  of  Joab  Houghton,  of  New 
Jersey,  who  was  very  active  in  the  Revolution. 
She  was  a  woman  of  more  than  ordinary  excellence 
of  character,  being  noted  as  a  person  of  great 
prayer. 

At  the  age  of  eight,  and  while  spending  a  little 
time  with  his  grandfather,  Spencer  Cone  was  deeply 
convicted  of  sin.  It  was  while  thev  were  in  attend 
ance  upon  the  annual  meeting  at  the  Hopewell 
church  :  but  the  feeling  wa*  only  tran.-ient.  though 
revived  some  two  years  afterwards,  when  he  was 
taken  by  his  mother  to  hear  a  sermon  delivered  by 
the  Rev.  AshbeHjreen  in  Philadelphia.  Ili>elforts, 
however,  were  merelv  legal  in  nature,  and  he  sonn 
relapsed  into  his  ordinarv  way  of  life. 

His  health  in  his  boyhood  was  not  robust,  and 
so  it  was  considered  wise  to  permit  him  to  pass 
some  time  on  the  farm  of  his  irrand lather.  The 


CONE 


CONE 


consequence  was  that  he  outgrew  his  former 
weakness  and  acquired  a  vigorous  constitution. 
His  early  life  was  marked  also  by  an  intellectual 
development  almost  precocious.  At  twelve  he  en 
tered  the  Freshman  class  of  Princeton,  and  at  once 
gained  the  highest  esteem  of  faculty  and  students, 
the  president  prophesying  for  him  a  brilliant  future 
as  an  orator.  Without  doubt,  had  young  Cone  been 
permitted  to  graduate,  he  would  have  left  the  col 
lege  bearing  away  its  highest  honors.  But  such 
was  not  to  be  his  lot.  His  father  became  the  sub 
ject  of  a  serious  and  protracted  disease,  and  in  this 
emergency  Spencer  was  the  sole  hope  of  the  family. 


Sl'E.NCKIl    HOUUHTON     t'O.NK,    D.I). 

With  true  manliness  he  resigned  his  studies  at  tin; 
age  of  fourteen.  His  first  effort  was  unsuccessful. 
His  weary  journey  on  foot  to  obtain  the  position  of 
assistant  teacher  was  rewarded  only  by  the  knowl 
edge  that  the  place  was  filled.  His  second  met 
with  better  results,  and  on  a  small  salary  suflicient 
only  to  keep  them  from  absolute  want,  lie  labored 
for  some  months  as  teacher  of  Latin  in  the  Prince 
ton  Academy,  which  position  he  re-signed  for  that 
of  master  in  the  school  of  Burlington.  Though 
not  sixteen,  lie  bore  himself  with  such  proprietv  as 
to  secure  for  himself  the  permanent  esteem  of  all 
with  whom  he  came  in  contact. 

This  position  was  relinquished  that  he  might  ac 
cept  another  with  Dr.  Abercombie.  who  had  formed 
for  .Mr.  Cone  the  highest  regard.  To  fulfill  his 
duties  he  moved  his  family  to  Philadelphia.  But 
lie  found  that  an  increase  of  salary  does  not  mean 
an  addition  to  comforts,  for  the  expenses  became 
enlarged  and  he  was  obliged  to  do  something  to 


supplement  his  insufficient  salary.  lie  resolved  to 
study  law,  and  as  soon  as  school  duties  were  com 
pleted  he  was  found  reading  law  till  far  into  the 
night,  much  to  the  injury  of  his  health. 

Beyond  doubt  it  was  the  question  of  living  that 
led  him  to  adopt  the  stage.  His  mother's  wishes 
and  his  own  taste  were  against  it,  but  his  magnifi 
cent  native  endowment  led  him  to  foresee  a  speedy 
way  out  of  his  pecuniary  difficulties,  and  so  he  ap 
peared  on  the  stage,  July.  ISO."),  as  Achmet,  in  the 
tragedy  of  "  Mahomet."  He  subsequently  acted  in 
Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  and  Alexandria,  meeting 
with  great  success.  ILis  own  views  are  expressed  in 
a  letter  written  in  IS  10,  wherein  he  says,  "  My  pro 
fession,  adopted  from  necessity,  is  becoming  more 
disgusting  to  me.  I  pray  heaven  that  I  may  speedily 
exchange  it  for  something  better  in  itself  and  more 
congenial  to  my  feelings.  What  can  be  more  de 
grading  than  to  be  stuck  upon  a  stage  for  fools  and 
clowns  to  gape  at  or  criticise?"  To  prepare  the 
way  out  Mr.  Cone  endeavored  to  open  a  school  in 
Baltimore,  but  the  proprietors  of  the  theatre  would 
not  allow  him  to  be  absent  from  morning  rehearsals, 
nor  did  public  sentiment  encourage  teaching  by  an 
actor.  This  was  in  1S12.  The  same  year  he 
joined  the  Baltimore  Union  Artillery  with  the  in 
tention  of  enlisting  in  the  war,  but  domestic  con 
siderations  restrained  him,  and  in  the  same  year  he 
entered  the  office  of  the  Baltimore  American  as 
treasurer  and  book-keeper.  Soon  after  he  and  his 
brother-in-law  purchased  and  published  the  Balti 
more  ll'/ii;/.  lie  at  once  quitted  the  stage,  and  by 
his  vigorous  articles  did  much  to  strengthen  the 
administration  of  Mr.  Madison  in  the  war. 

In  the  \-ear  Islo.  an  attachment  had  begun  be 
tween  himself  and  Miss  Sally  Wallace,  of  Philadel 
phia,  which  resulted  in  their  marriage  in  1S13.  In 
November  of  the  same  year  he  was  converted  to 
(iod.  Noticing  that  a  book  sale  was  advertised,  he 
called  in  to  examine  the  works.  The  book  which 
he  first  took  up  was  one  of -John  Newton's:  he  had 
read  it  while  at  Princeton,  to  his  mother.  Solemn 
reflections  were  awakened  by  the  incident,  and  he 
seemed  to  hear  a  voice  saying.  "  This  is  your  last 
time!"  His  past  life  came  before  him.  The  day 
wore  away.  He  sat  down  to  the  study  of  the 
Bible.  Weeks  passed  in  darkness,  which  was 
finally  dispelled  by  reading  -John  xiii.  On  Feb.  4, 
1S14.  he  was  bapti/.ed  by  Mr.  Richards.  His  wife 
afterwards  was  led  to  trust  the  great  Saviour. 

lie  procured  a  position  under  the  government, 
and  lie  took  his  family  to  Washington,  and  trans 
ferred  his  membership  to  the  church  under  the 
!  care  of  Rev.  Obadiah  15.  Broun. 

It  was  at  this  time  that  Mr.  Cone  began  preach 
ing,  beiiii;1  desired  to  lead  the  prayer-meeting  of  the 
little  Baptist  church  at  the  navy-yard,  then  pastor- 
less.  Crowds  at  once  waited  upon  his  ministrations. 


204 


f'OXFHSS/OX 


It  was  evident  that  <in<l  had  intended  him  for  the 
pulpit,  iitid  he  procured  a  license. 

His  popularity  was  at  (nice  recognized  by  the, 
House  of  llepresentatives.  who  appointed  liini 
their  chaplain  in  ISI.V-|l>.  Soon  after  he  \vas  in 
vited  to  take  charge  of  the  feehle  interest  at  Alex- 
nndria.  when1  he  labore  I  for  seven  vear<  with  irrcat 
success,  and  from  which  he  came  to  Oliver  Street, 
N'-\v  ^  ork.  This  connection,  attended  witli  won 
derful  prosperity,  was  se\-ered  a fter  eighteen  years, 
and  one  was  formed  with  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Xew  V.irk.  which  ended  only  with  his  death. 

For  many  vears  I>r.  Cone  was  the  most  active 
Baplist  minister  in  the  Knifed  States,  and  the  most 
popular  clergyman  in  America,  lie  was  known 
and  venerated  everywhere  all  over  this  broad  land. 
In  his  own  denomination  he  held  every  p  isition  of 
honor  which  his  brethren  could  give  him.  and  out 
side  of  it  men  loved  to  recon'ni/.e  his  worth.  lit; 
had  (|ii:ck  perceptions,  a  ready  address,  a  silvery 
voice,  impassioned  eloquence,  and  deep-toned  pietv: 
thrones  attended  his  church,  and  multitudes  la 
mented  his  death,  lie  entered  the  heavenl  v  rest 
Aug.  2s.  is.-,-. 

Confession,  The  London,  of  1689.— See  THE 

I'll  II.  ADKI.IMIIA    CoVFF.ssiOV  OK    F.V1TII. 

Confession   of   Faith,  The  Philadelphia.— 

The  London  Confession  of  loS9  was  the  basis  of 
our  great  American  Articles  of  Faith,  and  its 
composition  and  history  are  worthy  of  our  careful 
consideration. 

It  was  adopted  "  by  the  ministers  and  messen 
gers  of  upwards  of  one  hundred  liaptized  congre 
gations  in  England  and  Wales,  denying  Arminian- 
ism."  Thirty-seven  ministers  signed  it  on  behalf 
of  the  represented  churches, 

The  sessions  of  the  Assembly  which  framed  it 
\vero  held  from  the  3d  to  the  12th  of  September, 
16S9. 

The  Confession  of  the  Westminster  Assembly — • 
the  creed  of  all  British  and  American  Presbyterians 
— was    published    in    ll>47:  the   Savoy  Confession, 
containing  the  faith  of  English  Congregationalists,  j 
was  issued  in    1(>">S.     The   Baptist  Assembly   nave 
their  religious  beliefs  to  the  world  in   1GS9.     This  i 
was  not  the  first  Baptist  deliverance  on  the  most 
momentous  questions. 

It  was  styled  by  its  authors,  "  A  Confession  of 
Faith  put  forth  by  the  Elders  and  Brethren  of 
Many  Congregations  of  Christians  Baptized  upon 
I'roJ'ession  of  their  Faith,  in  London  and  the 
Country,  with  an  Appendix  concerning  Baptism." 
The  authors  of  the  Confession  say  that  in  the  nu 
merous  instances  in  which  they  wen;  agreed  with 
the  Westminster  Confession,  they  used  the  same 
language  to  describe  their  religious  principles. 

The  Appendix  to  the  London  Confession  occupies 
16  octavo  pages,  and  the  Articles  52.  The  former 


is  a  vigorous  attack  on  infant  baptism,  apparently 
designed  to  give  help  to  the  brethren  in  defending 
the  clause  of  Article  XXIX.,  which  defines  the  sub 
jects  of  baptism  us  believers.  Dr.  Ilippou  u'ives 
the  .Minutes  of  the  London  Assembly  which  adopted 
the  <  'onfession.  These  include  the  topics  discussed, 
the  residences  of  the  signatory  ministers,  and  the 
Articles,  but  not  the  Appendix.-"  in  addition  to 
his  •'  Xarrative  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Gen 
eral  Assembly."  as  the  London  Convention  was 
calied.  Ilippon  issued  a  pamphlet  edition  of  the 
Articles  without  the  Appendix,  with  an  advertise 
ment  of  his  /iV,//x/<r  on  the  cover.  Crosbv  does  not 
give  it  in  his  Confession  of  ll>S<).  No  one  ever 
questioned  the  right  of  either  to  drop  the  Appendix. 
It  was  not  one  of  the  Articles,  but  eh  icily  a  mere 
argument  in  favor  of  one  of  them. 

The  Appendix  has  this  statement:  "The  known 
principle  and  state  of  the  consciences  of  divers  of 
us  that  have  agreed  in  this  Confession  is  such  that 
ire  cannof  /told  church  communion  with  nin/  olhir 
than  baptized  believers,  and  churches  cons/i/n/cd  of 
sw-Ji  :  yet  some  others  of  us  have  a  greater  liberty 
and  freedom  in  our  spirits  that  way."  This  refers 
to  the  admission  of  unbapti/ed  persons  to  the 
Lord's  Table  by  some  churches,  and  their  rejection 
by  others. 

Within  a  few  years,  an  effort  has  been  made  in 
this  country  to  prove  that  our  Baptist  fathers  of 
the  Philadelphia,  and  other  early  Associations, 
practised  "open  communion7'  because  of  this  item 
in  the  Appendix  of  the  London  Confession.  The 
learned  "  strict  communion'1  author  of  '•  Historical 
Adjudications''!  has  contributed  to  this  error,  by 
making  the  grave  mistake  that  the  Appendix  was 
Article  XXXIII.  of  The  Philadelphia  Conf<-xsion 
of  Faith.  And  he  gives  as  his  authorities  for  this 
extraordinary  statement  the  Ilanseril  Knolli/s  Fo- 
cieti/'s  copy  of  the  Confession  of  Ids'),  and  the 
.Pittsburgh  edition  of  The  Philadelphia  Confession 
of  Faith.  In  the  former,  it  is  not  placed  as  an 
Article,  but  as  an  Appendix.  In  the  latter,  it  is 
not  to  l>c  found  in  any  form.  It  never  appeared  in 
an >/  edition  of  The.  Philadelphia  Confession  of 
Faith,  from  Benjamin  Franklin's  first  issue  down 
to  the  last  copy  sent  forth  from  the  press.  And 
this  could  have  been  easily  learned  from  the  title- 
page.  In  the  end  of  the  title  in  the  Ilanserd 
Knollys  Society's  copy  of  the  Confession  of  1689 
are  the  words,  "  With  an  Appendix  concern  in;/ 
Baptism."  The  portion  of  the  title  covering  the 
Appendix,  and  the  Appendix  itself,  cannot  be  found 
in  any  copy  of  our  oldest  American  Baptist  creed. 
That  the  honored  writer  acted  in  good  faith  in  this 
part  of  his  valuable  work.  I  have  no  doubt :  but 
that  he  was  led  astray  himself,  and  that  he  has 

*  Appendix  to  volume  i.  of  Rippon's  Annual  Register, 
t  Historical  Vindications,  p.  10:5. 


CONFESSION 


265 


CONFESSION 


drawn  others  into  a  grave  mistake,  I  am  absolutely 
certain. 

The  Appendix  admits  that  "  open  communion" 
existed  among  the  English  Baptists.  It  does  not 
assert  the  truth  of  it ;  the  "  strict  communion" 
members  of  the  body  which  adopted  the  Confession 
would  tolerate  nothing  of  that  nature.  And  as  no 
such  practice  existed  in  the  Philadelphia  Association 
when  its  Confession  was  adopted,  or  at  an;/  other 
period  in  its  history,  such  an  admission  would  have 
been  destitute  of  a  fragment  of  truth.  The  Co- 
hansie  church,  in  1740.  sent  a  query  to  the  Phila 
delphia  Association,  asking  if  a  pious  Pedobaptist, 
who  declined  to  have  his  children  baptized,  might 
come  to  the  Lord's  Table  without  being  baptized  ; 
and  they  wished  also  to  know  from  the  Association 
if  the  refusal  of  such  a  request  would  not  betray 
a  want  of  charity.  The  Association  unanimously 
decided  that  the  man  should  be  refused  a  place  at 
the  Lord's  Table  in  the  Cohansie  church,  and  that 
such  action  showed  no  lack  of  charity.  Their 
action,  and  their  reasons  for  it.  read:  "Given  to 
vote,  and  passed,  all  in  the  negative.  Neminc  con- 
tradicente.  Reasons  annexed.  First.  It  is  not  for 
want  of  charity  that  we  thus  answer.  Our  practice 
shows  the  contrary  :  for  we  baptize  none  but  such 
as,  in  the  judgment  of  charity,  have  grace,  being 
baptized;  but  it  is  because  we  find,  in  the  Com 
mission,  that  no  unbaptized  persons  are  to  be  ad 
mitted  to  church  communion.  Matt,  xxviii.  19, 
20;  Mark  xvi.  ]('>.  Compare  Acts  ii.  41:  1  Cor. 
xii.  l.'i.  Second.  Because  it  is  the  church's  duty 
to  maintain  the  ordinances  as  they  are  delivered  to 
us  in  the  Scripture.  2  Thess.  ii.  15;  1  Cor.  xi.  2: 
Isa.  viii.  20.  Third.  Because  we  cannot  see  it 
agreeable,  in  any  respect,  for  the  procuring  that 
unity,  unfeigned  love,  and  undisturbed  peace,  which 
are  required,  and  ought  to  be  in  and  among  Chris 
tian  communities.*  I  Cor.  i.  10;  Epli.  iv.  '.>.'' 
This  wise  decision,  supported  by  solid  reasons, 
shows,  that  two  years  before  the  formal  ado/ition 
of' the  Confession  of  IGS'J,  as  the  greater  portion 
of  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith,  the  Phila 
delphia  Association  was  unanimously  opposed  to 
an  "open  communion"  proposition.  Thirty-three 
years  after  the  Association  was  formed,  and  while 
the  Confession  of  IdS'J  was  "owned"  as  a  Baptist 
creed,  Avithout  the  special  adoption,  which  it  after 
wards  received,  one  of  the  oldest  churches  in  the 
Association  would  not  admit  a  pious  Pedobaptist 
to  the  Lord's  Supper  without  consulting  the  Asso 
ciation.  And  that  body  voted  as  a  unit  against  the 
practice. 

The  declaration  of  the  orthodox  London  brethren. 
in  reference  to  themselves,  could  have  been  used 
by  the  Philadelphia  Association  about  all  its 


*  Minutes  of  Philadelphia  Association  for  1740. 
18 


churches,  at  any  period  in  its  past  history:  "The 
known  principle  and  state  of  the  consciences  of  us 
all  is  such  that  we  cannot  hold  church  commu 
nion  with  any  other  than  baptized  believers,  and 
churches  constituted  of  such."  And  hence  the 
truth  required  the  exclusion  of  the  Appendix  from 
the  Confession  of  the  Philadelphia  Association. 

The  London  Confession  of  1GX').  in  Article 
XXVI.,  section  6,  says,  "  The  members  of  these 
churches  are  saints  by  calling,  .  .  .  and  do  will 
ingly  consent  to  walk  together  according  to  the 
appointment  of  Christ,  giving  up  themselves  to  the 
Lord  and  one  to  another,  by  the  will  of  God,  in 
professed  subjection  to  the  ordinances  of' the  gospel." 
And  in  Article  XXVIII.,  section  1.  it  says,  "Bap 
tism  and  the  Lord's  Kujipcr  are  ordinances  of  post- 
tire  and  sovereign  institution,  appointed  by  the 
Lord  Jesus,  the  only  Law-giver,  to  be  continued  in 
his  church  to  the  end  of  the  world."  And  in  Ar 
ticle  XXIX.,  section  2,  it  says,  "  Those  who  do 
actually  profess  repentance  towards  God.  faith  in 
and  obedience  to  our  Lord  Jesus,  are  the  only 
proper  subjects  of  this  ordinance:"  and  in  section 
4,  "  Immersion,  or  dipping  the  person  in  water, 
is  necessary  to  the  due  administration  of  this  ordi 
nance." 

In  Article  XXX.,  "On  the  Lord's  Supper."! 
there  is  no  clause  giving  the  unbaptized  authority 
to  come  to  the  Lord's  Table.  Their  existence  in 
connection  with  this  institution  is  not  noticed  by 
a  single  word.  And  as  the  Articles  declare  that 
the  members  of  the  churches  which  adopted  them 
lived  in  "  professed  subjection  to  the  ordinances  of 
the  gospel;"  that  baptism  and  the  Lord's  Siip-pcr 
were  ''ordinances  appointed  by  the  Lord  Jesus,  to 
be  continued  in  his  church  to  the  end  of  the  world  :" 
and  that  repentance,  faith,  and  immersion  are 
necessary  to  baptism,  the  Articles  describe  orderly 
believers  only,  who  lived  in  professed  subjection  to 
the  ordinances  of  the  gospel.  There  is  not  a  word 
in  them  which  the  strictest  Baptist  on  earth  might 
not  heartily  receive.  The  men  who  avow  that 
"The  known  principle  and  state  of  the  consciences 
of  divers  of  us,  that  have  agreed  in  this  Confes 
sion,  is  such,  that  we  cannot  hold  church  commu 
nion  with  any  other  than  baptized  believers,  and 
churches  constituted  of  such" — men  like  Hanserd 
Knollys  and  William  Kiffin — were  the  last  men  to 
sign  a  Confession  favoring  "open  communion.'' 
The  Philadelphia  Association,  while  avowing  the 
most  stringent  "  close  communion"  doctrines  in 
1740,  owned,  in  a  general  waif,  the  Confession  of 
10S9.  The  Charleston  Association,  S.  C..  adopted 
the  London  Articles,  and  imported  two  hundred 
copies  of  them  -,  and  yet  Avas  restricted  in  its  com- 


f  Hansenl   Kimlly.- 
2-21,  225,  220,  214. 


COXFKFWfOX 


CONFESSION 


nuinion.  In  1802,  in  answer  to  a  question  in  ref 
erence  to  the  consistency  of  Baptists  inviting  pious 
Pedobaptists  to  the  Lord's  Table,  that  body  replied, 
"  \Vo  cannot,  lint  say  //  does  not  apjiear  /(>  I"' 
consistent  with  <j«*pd  order.''1*  In  England  and 
America,  dim-dies,  individuals,  and  Associations, 
with  dear  minds,  with  hearts  full  of  love  for  the 
truth,  and  with  a,  tenacious  attachment  to  "re 
stricted  communion,'7  have;  held  with  veneration 
the  Articles  of  HiS'.l.  The  Article,  "  On  the  Lord's 
Supper,"  needs  safeguards,  and  the  Philadelphia 
Confession  of  railk  furnishes  them. 

THE  PHILADELPHIA  CONFESSION  or  FAITH  js  NOT 
Tin:  LONDON  CKICED  OF  HIS',). 

Almost  everv  writer  on  this  question  falls  into 
the  mistake  of  supposing  that  it  is.  and  he  proceeds 
to  prophesy  evils,  if  he  is  a  scriptural  comm union 
ist,  or  he  begins  forthwith  to  wliip  us  with  the  sup 
posed  lilicral  scourge  of  our  fathers,  if  he  is  a  free 
communionist.  The  London  Creed  has  thirty-two 
Articles,  and  an  Appendix;  the  Philadelphia  has 
thirty-four,  and.  instead  of  an  Appendix,  it  has 
"  A  Treatise  of  Discipline"  which  was  held  in  as 
great  regard  as  the  Confession  for  many  years. 
Thirty-two  of  the  thirty-four  Articles  in  the  Phila 
delphia  Confession  are  taken  from  the  English 
fathers  of  1089.  One  of  the  two  new  Articles  is 
on  Singing  in  the  Worship  of  God, — a  practice 
which  it  commends  as  a  divine  ordinance.  This 
Article  would  have  entirely  changed  the  character 
of  the  Confession  of  1689  to  some  of  the  churches 
that  adopted  it;  for  they  looked  with  horror  upon 
such  a  custom.  But  in  Article  XXXI.  in  the  new- 
Confession,  "On  Lai/inc/  on  of  Hands,"  the  Lord's 
Supper  receives  its  appropriate  safeguards.  In 
section  1  we  read,  "  We  believe  that  laying  on  of 
hands,  with  prayer,  upon  baptized  believers,  as  such, 
is  an  ordinance  of  Christ,  and  ought  to  be  sub 
mitted  unto  by  all  such  persons  that  are  admitted  to 
the  Lord's  Supper.'' 

According  to  the  compilers  of  this  Article,  no 
man  should  come  to  the  Lord's  Table  without  bap 
tism  and  the  imposition  of  hands.  It  has  been  de 
clared,  with  an  air  of  victory,  that  the  Philadelphia 
Confession  of  Faith  requires  no  ceremonial  qualifi 
cation  before  approaching  the  Lord's  Table.  This 
jubilant  spirit  is  the  result  of  carelessness  in  ex 
amining  the  venerable  Confession  :  "All  such  per 
sons  that  are  admitted  to  partake  of  the  Lord's  Sup 
per'  should  be  baptized  believers,  who  have  received 
the  imposition  of  hands,  with  prayer.  So  that  two 
ceremonial  prerequisites  to  the  Lord's  Supper- 
baptism  and  the  lai/imj  on  of  hands— are  demanded 
by  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith. 

THE  PHILADELPHIA  CONFESSION  OF  FAITH,  AND 
NOT  THE  ENGLISH  CONFESSION  OF  1689,  \VAS  THE 


*  History  of  Charleston  Association,  p.  43. 


BASIS    ON'     WHICH      NEARLY     ALL     THE    ORIGINAL    AS 
SOCIATIONS    OF    THIS    Coi'NTRY    WERE    Foi'NDED. 

In  1742,  the  Philadelphia  Association  adopted  the 
Confession  which  bears  its  name.  SOUK;  deny  that 
the  Association  ever  formally  adopted  it;  or  if  it 
did  they  assert  that  we  know  nothing  of  the  time 
when  such  action  took  place.  This  statement  is 
based  upon  a  certain  amount  of  recognition  which 
the  London  Articles  undoubtedly  received  in  the 
Philadelphia  Association  before  1742:  and  also 
upon  the  fact  that  the  Association  simply  voted  to 
"reprint"  the  London  Confession.  When  a  pub 
lishing  house  resolves  to  reprint  an  English  work 
now  it  adopts  it ;  it  makes  the  work  its  own.  The 
Confession  of  HiS'J,  in  1742  had  never  been  printed 
in  America:  the  Philadelphia  Association  voted  to 
reprint  it,  that  is.  to  adopt  its  Articles;  and  they 
also  added  two  Articles  to  it.  and  .1  Treatise  on 
Discipline.  And  every  copy  printed  since  Ben 
jamin  Franklin's  first  edition  appeared  in  1743, 
bears  on  its  title-page,  "  Adopted  by  the  Philadel 
phia  Association,  ^ept.  '2~)th,  1742.''  This  state 
ment  on  the  title-page  would  have  been  canceled 
at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Association  after  its 
appearance  if  it  had  not  been  true.  The  Warren 
Association  makes  the  same  record  about  the  date 
of  its  adoption  ;f  Morgan  Edwards  gives  1742  as 
the  date  of  its  adoption,  on  page  5  of  his  "  Ma 
terials  towards  the  History  of  the  Baptists,  etc.," 
published  in  Philadelphia,  1770,  and  the  act  cannot 
be  reasonably  doubted,  nor  the  date  called  in  ques 
tion. 

The  Kehukee  Association,  founded  in  1765, 
adopted  the  Philadelphia  Confession. £  The  Ke- 
tockton  Association  of  Virginia,  founded  1766, 
adopted  the  Philadelphia  Confession. £  The  War 
ren  Association  of  Rhode  Island,  organized  1767, 
adopted  the  same  Confession. ||  The  General  Asso 
ciation  of  Virginia  received  the  Philadelphia  Con 
fession  in  1783  with  explanations,  none  of  which 
favored  "open  communion. "fl  TheElkhorn  Asso 
ciation  of  Kentucky,  formed  in  1785.  adopted  the 
Philadelphia  Confession.**  The  llolston  Associa 
tion  of  Tennessee,  established  in  1788,  accepted  the 
Philadelphia  Confession.ft  The  Charleston  Asso 
ciation  of  South  Carolina  was  established  by  Oliver 
Hart  in  1751,  fresh  from  the  Philadelphia  Associa 
tion,  and  full  of  admiration  for  its  principles  and 
its  usefulness.  It  adopted  the  Articles  of  1689.  and 
a  Treatise  on  Discipline,  prepared  by  Oliver  Hart, 
and  Brethren  Pelot,  Morgan  Edwards,  and  David 
Williams.  This  Association,  though  not  adopting 

f  Historical  Vindications,  p.  ill. 

t  Sample's  History  of  the  Baptists  in  Virginia,  p.  038. 

\  Semple,  p.  :>()-2. 

jl  Manning  and  Brown  University,  p.  80. 

•T  Seinple,  p.  (18. 

**  Benedict's  General  History  of  the  Baptist  Denomination,  p.  82. 
ff  Seniple,  p.  275. 


CONFESSIONS 


267 


CONFESSIONS 


the  Philadelphia  Confession,  followed  its  spirit  and 
plan,  and  it  practised  "restricted  communion." 

There  was  7iot  one  of  the  original  Baptist  Asso 
ciations  of  this  country  that  invited  the  unbaptized 
to  the  Lord's  Table.  Once  we  have  seen  the  state 
ment  rashly  made,  and  Asplnnd  given  as  its  au 
thority,  that  there  was  one  early  Baptist  Association 
that  held  ''  open  communion,'' — evidently  referring 
to  the  Groton  Conference,  Connecticut.  But  the 
writer  omitted  to  state  that  Asplund  gave  an  ac 
count,  in  the  same  list  of  Associations,  of  Six  Prin 
ciple  Baptists,  Free-Will  Baptists,  and  Seventh-Day 
Baptists.  The  "open  communion"  body  of  which 
he  speaks  was  not  composed  of  Regular  Baptists,  nor 
were  the  Seventh-Day  brethren  named  by  Asplund 
as  members  of  our  denomination.  They  did  not 
assume  the  name  of  an  Association, — they  called 
themselves  the  Groton  Conference.  And  Asplund 
?ays  that  "  they  keep  no  correspondence,''* — that  is, 
they  were  not  recognized  as  Regular  Baptists. 
They  neither  enjoyed,  nor  were  they  entitled  to, 
such  recognition. 

Asplund  mentions  several  other  early  Baptist 
Associations  that  adopted  THE  Confession  of  Faith, 
— that  is,  the  Philadelphia.  But  further  reference 
to  this  question  is  needless.  Nearly  all  the  original 
Associations  of  America  adopted  the  Philadelphia 
Confession  of  Faith  ;  and  not  one  of  these  bodies 
held  ''  open  communion."  There  were  "  open  com- 
munionists"  outside  of  our  organizations,  when 
our  early  Associations  sprang  into  life, — especially 
in  New  England, — whose  erring  judgments  soon 
learned  the  way  of  the  Lord  more  perfectly,  and 
they  united  with  Regular  Baptist  communities. 

If  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith  had  been 
accepted  in  England,  as  the  legitimate  successor 
of  the  Confession  of  1689,  the  Strict  Baptists  of 
Norwich  would  never,  by  a  just  legal  decision, 
have  been  deprived  of  their  church  edifice  for  the 
advantage  of  "open  communionists." 

The  Philadelphia  Association  never  had  an  "open 
communion"  church  in  its  fellowship;  and  it  has 
repeatedly  declared  the  practice  to  be  nnscriptural. 
Its  Confession  of  Faith  as  adopted  in  174'J  never 
was  repealed  or  modified  in  any  of  its  parts.  The 
latest  edition  in  an  exact  reprint  of  the  first,  and 
"open  communion"  cannot  even  find  a  shelter  in 
it.  (See  Appendix.) 

Confessions  of  Faith. — In  1611  a  church  of 
English  Baptists,  residing  in  Holland,  adopted  a 
Confession  of  Faith,  prepared  most  probably  by 
Thomas  Ilelwys,  their  pastor.  Not  many  months 
after  the  Confession  was  published  they  returned  to 
their  native  country  and  settled  in  London.  The 
Confession  has  twenty-six  articles,  and  though  most 
of  them  are  thoroughly  sound,  others  are  Arminian, 


*  Asplund's  Annual  Register  fur  1790,  p.  49. 


and  show  clearly  that  those  who  framed  them  were 
troubled  by  a  defective  knowledge  of  New  Testa 
ment  teachings. 

The  Confession  of  Faith  of  1644.  was  adopted  by 
seven  London  churches.  It  is  the  first  Calvinistical 
creed  published  by  our  English  brethren.  It  has 
fifty  articles.  The  first  name  which  appears  on  the 
Confession  is  that  of  the  illustrious  William  Kidin. 
The  twenty-first  article  reads,  ''Jesus  Christ  did 
purchase  salvation  for  the  elect  that  God  gave  unto 
him.  These  only  have  interest  in  him,  and  fellow 
ship  with  him,  for  whom  he  makes  intercession  to 
his  Father,  and  to  them  alone  doth  God  by  his  Spirit 
apply  this  redemption  ;  also  the  free  gift  of  eternal 
life  is  given  to  them  and  none  else."  The  thirtv- 
ninth  article  is,  "  Baptism  is  an  ordinance  of  the 
New  Testament,  given  by  Christ,  to  be  dispensed 
upon  persons  professing  faith,  or  that  are  made 
disciples,  who,  upon  profession  of  faith,  oiajJii  to  be 
baptized,  and  after  to  partake  of  the  Lord' s  Sup 
per." 

An  "Appendix"  to  this  Confession  of  Faith, 
written  by  Benjamin  Cox,  and  printed  in  1646,  has 
twenty-two  articles,  a  part  of  the  twentieth  of  which 
reads.  "  The  apostles  first  baptized  disciples,  and 
then  admitted  them  to  the  use  of  the  Supper;  we, 
therefore,  do  not  admit  any  to  the  use  of  the  Supper, 
nor  communicate  with  an;/  in  the  use  of  tliis  ordi 
nance  but  disciples  baptized,  lest  we  should  have 
fellowship  with  them  in  their  doing  contrary  to 
order." 

The  "Confession  of  Faith  of  Several  Churches 
of  Christ  in  the  County  of  Somerset,"  and  of  some 
churches  in  adjacent  counties,  in  England,  was 
issued  in  1656.  It  was  signed  by  the  representa 
tives  of  sixteen  churches,  and  it  was  probably 
written  by  Thomas  Collier,  who  was  ordained  in 
1655  to  the  "office  of  general  superintendent  and 
messenger  to  all  the  associated  churches."  The 
Confession  has  forty-six  articles;  it  is  Calvinistic, 
Baptistic,  and,  consequently,  thoroughly  Scriptural. 

The  London  Confession  of  Faith  was  signed  in 
the  English  metropolis  in  1660.  It  was  prepared 
by  members  of  the  General  (Arminian)  Baptist 
churches.  On  some  disputed  questions  it  is  nearer 
the  truth  than  the  Confession  of  1611,  but  this 
statement  does  not  apply  to  its  representation  of 
the  doctrine  of  final  perseverance.  It  has  twenty- 
five  articles.  This  Confession  was  "  owned  and 
approved  by  more  than  twenty  thousand  persons.'' 

"An  Orthodox  Creed,"  published  in  London  in 
1678,  gives  another  view  of  the  doctrines  of  the 
General  Baptists.  It  has  fifty  articles,  and  it  is 
remarkable  for  its  Calvinistic  tone,  though  it  came 
from  a  body  professedly  Arminian.  Its  mode  of 
describing  election,  providence,  free  will,  and  final 
perseverance  is  in  the  main  scriptural.  The  extent 
of  the  atonement  is  the  only  question  about  which 


CONGER 


26S 


CONNECTICUT 


it   differed    from    the    opinions    of   our    orthodox 
brethren  of  that  day. 

The  Confession  of  llN'J  was  "put  forth  l>v  the 
elders  and  brethren  of  many  congregations  of 
Christians,  baptized  (immersed)  upon  profession 
of  their  faith,  in  London  and  the  country.'1  It  lias 
thirty-two  articles,  and  "  an  appendix  concerning 
baptism."  It  is  in  many  respects  the  best  compi 
lation  of  Christian  belief  ever  published.  After 
dropping  its  lengthy  appendix,  and  inscr/in;/  t\vo 
ne\v  articles,  it  became,  in  174:2,  ''  The  Philadelphia 
Confession  of  Faith."  and  it  was  adopted  by  most 
of  the  early  Baptist  Associations  of  this  country. 
(See  article  on  T.HF.  PHILADELPHIA  CONFESSION 
or  FAITH.) 

The  Xew  Hampshire  Confession  of  Faith  was 
written  by  the  late  Dr.  -I.  Newton  Brown  while 
laboring  in  the  State  whose  name  it  hears.  It  was 
prepared  with  a  view  ''  to  pending  controversies  with 
the  Free-Will  Baptists.  Avho  are  numerous  there.'' 
Dr.  Cutting  says,  ';  It  has  been  sometimes  criticised 
as  aiming  at  the  difficult  task  of  preserving  the 
stern  orthodoxy  of  the  fathers  of  the  denomination, 
while  at  the  same  time  it  softens  the  terms  in  which 
that  orthodoxy  is  expressed,  in  order  to  remove  the 
objections  of  neighboring  opponents."  (Historical 
Vindications,  p.  105.)  We  have  unlimited  faith  in 
the  goodness  and  sanctity  of  the  late  Dr.  Brown, 
but  we  very  much  prefer  the  Philadelphia  Confes 
sion  of  Faith,  so  dear  to  our  fathers,  to  the  Xew 
Hampshire  Creed.  (For  Confessions  of  Faith,  see 
the  Appendix.) 

Conger,  Rev.  0.  T.,  was  born  in  Indiana,  and 
brought  up  chieily  in  Illinois.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-one  he  was  converted  in  Iowa,  during  an 
extensive  revival.  lie  was  called  to  preach  soon 
after  the  Lord  had  found  and  saved  him. 

lie  studied  for  the  ministry  at  Burlington  Uni 
versity,  and  in  due  time  was  ordained  as  pastor  of 
Edgington,  111.  He  labored  afterwards  at  AVinter- 
set  and  Malvern,  Iowa,  and  at  Lincoln  and  Omaha, 
Neb.  He  has  been  chaplain  of  the  Legislature  of 
Nebraska,  and  twice  moderator  of  the  Nebraska 
State  Convention.  He  represented  the  University 
of  Des  Moines  in  the  ( 'entennial  movement  of  1S7(>. 
Recently  he  has  taken  charge  of  the  church  at 
Osai^c.  Iowa.  Mr.  Confer  is  a  frequent  contributor 
to  the  Chicago  Staiul<tril.  and  other  papers.  He  has 
published  two  books,  one  of  which.  ''  The  Autobi 
ography  of  a  Pioneer,"  has  passed  through  three 
editions. 

Mr.  Conger  is  a  diligent  student,  an  industrious 
pastor,  a  strong  Baptist,  and  a  growing  and  suc 
cessful  minister. 

Connally,  Rev.  John  Kerr,  a  grandson  of  the 
eloquent  Rev.  John  Kerr.  Col.  Connally  was  born 
in  Madison  Co.,  Tenn.,  Sept.  3,  1839  ;  was  educated 
at  the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  Md.  ;  was 


wounded  when  colonel  of  the-55th  North  Carolina 
Regiment  at  Gettysburg,  losing  an  arm  ;  practised 
law  in  Galveston,  Texas,  several  years  after  the 
war:  settled  in  Richmond,  Va.,  in  18f>7  :  was 
chosen  senator  for  four  years ;  was  brought  to 
Christ  bv  being  caught  in  the  timbers  of  the  falling 
capitol,  and  remaining  for  hours  in  suffering  and 
peril ;  resigned  as  senator,  and  spent  some  time  at 
theological  seminary,  Greenville,  S.  C.,  and  was 
ordained  at  Ashville.  November,  1H75;  Col.  Con 
nally  is  missionary  of  the  Eastern  Baptist  Conven 
tion. 

Connecticut,  The  Baptists  of. — Connecticut 

began  her  career  with  the  Puritan  doctrine  of 
church  and  state.  The  standing  order  was  Presby 
terian, — now  Congregational. — and  held  the  ground 
by  law  until  the  opening  of  the  present  century. 
The  new  constitution,  giving  full  freedom  of  con 
science,  was  adopted  in  ISIS,  and  the  article  on 
religious  liberty  was  drawn  by  Rev.  Asahel  Morse, 
a  Baptist  minister  from  Sufneld.  The  leaven  of 
liberty  was  early  introduced  into  the  colony  by  the 
Baptists  from  Rhode  Island,  and  gradually  wrought 
the  transformation  of  the  State. 

The  first  New  Testament  baptisms  were  solemn 
ized  in  Waterford  in  11)74.  the  persons  uniting  with 
a  church  in  Rhode  Island.  A  great  excitement  fol 
lowed,  and  the  Legislature  was  invoked  to  suppress 
the  innovation.  The  first  Baptist  church  was  or 
ganized  in  Groton,  in  1705,  by  Rev.  A  alentine 
Weiti'litman.  a  man  of  liberal  education  for  his  time. 
The  second  was  formed  in  Waterford  in  1710.  A 
third  was  gathered  in  Wallingford  in  1735.  Three 
more  were  planted  in  1743, — one  in  North  Stoniinr- 
ton.  one  in  Lvme.  and  one  in  Colchester.  A  seventh 
was  formed  in  Saybrook  in  1744.  In  the  latter 
place  "fourteen  persons  were  arrested  for  holding 
a  Baptist  meeting.  .  .  .  tried,  fined,  and  driven  on 
foot  through  a  deep  mud  (in  February)  to  New 
London,  a  distance  of  twenty-five  miles,  and  thrust 
into  prison,  without  lire,  food,  or  beds,  where  they 
remained,  enduring  dreadful  sufferings,  for  several 
weeks.''  In  this  State,  however.  Baptisi  prin 
ciples  began  to  spread  more  rapidly  on  account  of 
the  Great  Awakening,  which  gave  birth  to  evan 
gelical  sentiments  and  to  a  strong  party  in  the 
standing  order,  known  as  Separatists  and  New 
Lights,  who  appealed  to  the  New  Testament.  Yale 
College  took  ground  against  the  reformation  and 
expelled  some  who  favored  it.  The  colony  was  in 
a  ferment  from  1740  to  17oO.  About  forty  separate 
churches  were  formed.  The  Separatists  "  generally 
turned  Baptists."  Among  some  in  this  transition 
period,  and  for  a  time  after,  there  was  a  mixture 
of  ecclesiastical  views  and  some  experimental  affili 
ations.  Baptist  principles,  however,  eventually 
triumphed,  and  the  standing  order  was  greatly 
modified  and  mollified,  and  the  Baptists  stood  forth 


CONNECTICUT 


269 


CONNER 


in    all    their    proper    distinctness    and    independ 
ence. 

The  Stonington  Union  Association  was  formed 
in  1772.  In  the  Revolution  the  Baptists  were  ar 
dent  patriots.  In  1789  they  counted  about  30 
churches  and  20  ordained  ministers.  The  Gro- 
ton  Union  Conference,  a  mixed  association  of 
Baptists  and  Separatists,  had  but  a  temporary  ex 
istence.  The  Hartford  Association  was  organized 
in  1789.  In  J795  the  State  contained  about  CO 
churches,  40  ministers,  and  3500  members.  The 
New  London  Association  was  formed  in  1817,  the 
Ashford  Association  in  1824,  the  New  Haven  As 
sociation  in  1825,  the  Fail-field  Association  in  1837. 
In  1848  the  State  counted  over  100  churches,  and 
more  than  16,000  members.  The  Connecticut  Bap 
tist  Education  Society  was  organized  in  181',),  the 
State  Convention  was  formed  in  1823,  the  C/trixfhni 
Secretary  was  started  in  1822,  the  Connecticut 
Literary  Institution  was  founded  in  1833,  the  Con 
necticut  Baptist  Social  Union  was  formed  in  1871. 
and  the  State  Sunday-school  Convention  was  organ 
ized  in  1877. 

Evangelization  and  education  were  early  pursued 
by  the  denomination,  and  efforts  have  been  constant 
and  systematic  for  domestic,  home,  and  foreign 
missions,  and  for  Sunday-schools  and  a  denomina 
tional  literature.  Yah;  College  to-day  gladly  ad 
mits  the  Baptists  to  its  halls  and  privileges.  Truth 
has  conquered  its  way  to  an  open  field.  The  pres 
ent  Baptist  statistics  of  the  State  are  as  follows 
(given  in  1879):  6  Associations,  119  churches, 
20,767  members,  1  institution  of  learning,  1  peri 
odical,  1  education  society,  2  Conventions,  1  social 
union,  various  missionary  societies. 

Connecticut  Literary  Institution  was  founded 
by  the  Connecticut  Baptist  Education  Society  in 
Suffield,  Conn.,  in  June,  1833:  opened  at  first  in 
the  old  town  hall ;  the  south  building  entered  in 
1834;  the  institution  incorporated  in  1835.  Prin 
cipals:  Harvey  Ball,  assisted  by  Reuben  Granger, 
1833-35  ;  N.  II.  Shailer,  1835-37  ;  Julius  L.  Shailer, 
1837-40;  C.  C.  Burnett,  1840-48;  W.  W.  Wood- 
bury,  1848-56;  II.  A.  Pratt,  1856-61  ;  F.  B.  Gain- 
mell,  1861-65  ;  E.  P.  Bond,  1865-70;  E.  Benjamin 
Andrews,  1870-72;  J.  A.  Shores,  1872-80;  Mar 
tin  II.  Smith,  18SO.  During  the  first  ten  years 
only  males  were  admitted ;  in  1843  females  ad 
mitted ;  in  1845  ladies'  building  erected;  this  was 
burned  in  1871  ;  a  larger  edifice  was  erected;  well 
equipped  with  library,  chemical  and  philosophical 
apparatus  ;  ample  corps  of  instructors  :  young  men 
fitted  for  colleges  ;  young  ladies  fitted  for  Vassar 
or  Wellesley  ;  it  has  a  noble  history. 

Conner,  Champ  C.,  D.D.,  the  son  of  John 
Conner,  was  born  in  Culpepper  Co.,  Va.,  March 
13,  1811,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Cumberland 
George  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Broad  Run  Bap 


tist  church,  Fauquier  Co.,  Va.,  Sept.  14,  1828,  and 
very  soon  after  commenced  preaching  the  gospel, 
being  in  his  eighteenth  year.  He  married  Ann 
Eliza  Slaughter,  Dec.  23,  1833,  and  moved  to  West 
Tennessee,  November.  1835  ;  he  died  at  Indian 
Mound.  Lauderdale  Co.,  Feb.  14,  1875.  He  was 
an  able  presiding  oflicer,  and  when  present  at  tin; 
Big  Hatchie  Association  and  West  Tennessee  Bap 
tist  Convention,  he  was  nearly  always  chosen  to 
fill  the  chair  ;  he  presided  with  dignity  and  pre 
cision.  He  possessed  rare  talent  as  a  minister  of 
the  gospel  ;  lie  was  of  almost  unequaled  elo 
quence ;  he  could  hold  his  audience  spell-bound  for 
hours,  and  was  an  able  defender  of  Baptist  doctrine 
and  practice,  contending  always  "  most  earnestly 
for  the  faith  once  delivered  to  the  saints.''  He  was 
a  '•  land-marker"  both  in  faith  and  practice,  yet, 
while  he  was  bold  and  fearless  in  the  advocacy  of 
the  doctrines  he  held,  he  was  always  courteous  and 
respectful  to  those  who  differed  from  him.  He  was 
not  only  gifted  as  a  preacher,  but  lie  was  a  man  of 
extensive  information  about  medicine  and  jurispru 
dence,  and  also  about  matters  pertaining  to  State 
and  National  governments.  At  the  time  of  his 
decease  he  was  the  pastor  of  four  churches. — Grace, 
Society  Hill,  Woodlawn,  and  /ion.  He  died  in  the 
field  assigned  by  the  Master,  with  the  harness  on. 
He  died  at  his  post,  and  left  a  vacancy  in  the  de 
nomination  which  cannot  be  easily  filled.  He  left 
us  in  his  sixty-fourth  year,  after  a  few  days  of  suf 
fering,  to  join  the  company  of  the  redeemed. 

"  Servant  (if  God,  well  done  ; 

Jirst  from  thy  loved  employ  ; 
The  battle  fuiiuht,  the  vi.-tory  won, 
Enter  tliy  Master's  Joy." 

The  following  resolutions  were  adopted  at  a 
meeting  of  brethren,  representing  Elim,  Grace, 
Ripley,  Society  Hill,  and  Woodlawn  churches,  held 
in  the  town  of  Ripley,  Feb.  20.  1875  : 

"Itesolved,  That  in  the  death  of  Champ  C.  Conner, 
D.D.,  the  church  of  Christ  has  lost  a  great  and 
good  man,  and  the  community  a  valued  citizen. 

''Resolved,  That  we  bow  with  submission  to  this 
bereavement  of  Providence,  and  deeply  sympathize 
with  the  dear  afflicted  family  in  the  irreparable  loss 
which  they  have  sustained,  a  loss  which  we  feel 
assured  has  conferred  upon  our  brother  eternal  and 
glorious  gain." 

Dr.  Conner  had  attractive  social  qualities,  a  happy 
disposition,  and  a  clear  and  logical  mind.  His 
piety  increased  with  his  years.  There  was  more 
humility,  meekness,  submission,  patience,  and  dili 
gence  in  the  Master's  service  as  he  advanced  in 
life.  He  would  frequently  say  that  his  work  was 
almost  done.  His  opposition  to  pulpit  affiliations 
with  teachers  of  error  grew  and  strengthened  up  to 
the  day  of  his  death.  He  was  a  great  friend  of 
missions  and  Sabbath-schools.  Beine;  one  of  the 


270 


CONVEYANCES 


pioneer  preachers  of  AVest  Tennessee,  lie  had  to 
meet  and  combat  Antinomianism  in  all  its  varied 
forms;  but  ho  lived  to  see  it  almost  extinct.  Dr. 
Conner  was  called  to  preside  for  a  term  of  years 
over  the  Baptist  Female  College  at  Heruando,  Miss. 
He  was  also  pastor  of  Hernaiido  church  during  the 
same  period.  Ho  served  as  pastor  of  the  Browns 
ville  church  for  some  time.  Ho  was  a  minister  of 
brilliant  parts.  But  the  orator  is  £j;one !  AVe  shall 
hear  no  more  his  earnest  voice,  or  sec  the  tearful 
eye  ;  his  tongue  is  silent  in  the  grave. 

Conrad,   Rev.  P.— One  of  the  earliest  pioneer 
missionaries  in  AV  isconsin.      lie   was  a  native  of 
Wyoming  Co..  X.  Y.     Converted  when  a  boy,  lie 
heard  early  in  life  the  call  of  God  to  preach  the  gos 
pel.    He  entered  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological 
Institution  at  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  graduated 
with  honor  from  both  departments.      lie  came  to 
\\  isconsin   in   1342,  with  a  commission    from   the 
American   Baptist  Home  Mission   Society  as  mis 
sionary  for  Wisconsin.     He  was  pastor  at  Milwau 
kee,  Geneva,  Prairie-du-Sac,  Baraboo,  Delton,  Kill- 
bourne,  Berlin,  ami  East  Troy.     His  great  work, 
however,  was  accomplished  as  itinerant  missionary 
under   the   direction    of  the    State   Convention    or 
American  .Baptist  Home  Mission   Society.     There  : 
is  hardly  a  town  of  any  note  in  the  State  in  which 
he  did  not  sow  the  gospel  seed.      lie  was  for  many  ' 
years  the  "  missionary  apostle"  of  Wisconsin,  since  I 
he  preached   the  gospel   ''  throughout  all   this  re 
gion."      He   served   the  American    Bible   I'nion   as 
its  financial   a^cnt  in  the   State    for  a  short    term. 
It  was  while    on  his   missionary  lours,   preaching 
the  gospel  to  the  destitute,  gathering  the  scattered 
sheep  into  churches,  that  he  was  most  happy.      He 
Avas  a  sound  preacher,  a  good  student  of  the  Bible;,  > 
exemplary  in   his   life.     He  died   Nov.  1,    1875,  at  | 
Santa  Barbara,    Cnl.,  where   he    had   gone   to   seek 
health.      It   is    befitting  that  one  whose   life-work  < 
Avas  done  in  \\  isconsin  .should  have  a  place  among 
the  annals  of  its  ministers. 

Conventicle  Act,  The. — This  act  condemns  all 
persons,  refusing  peremptorily  to  come  to  church,  ' 
after  conviction,  to  banishment;  and  in  case  of 
return,  to  death  Avithout  benefit  of  the  clergy.  It 
also  enacts,  "  That  if  any  person  above  the  age  of 
sixteen,  after  July  1,  10G4,  shall  be  present  at  any 
meeting,  under  color  or  pretense  of  any  exercise 
of  religion,  in  any  other  manner  than  is  allowed 
by  the  liturgy  or  practice  of  the  Church  of  Eng 
land,  where  there  shall  bo  five  or  more  persons 
than  the  household,  shall,  for  the  first  offense,  suffer 
three  months'  imprisonment,  upon  record  made 
upon  oath  under  the  hand  and  seal  of  a  justice  of 
the  peace,  or  pay  a  sum  not  exceeding  five  pounds  •  | 
for  the  second  offense  six  months'  imprisonment  or 
ten  pounds;  and  for  the  third  offense  the  offender 
to  be  banished  to  some  of  the  American  plantations 


for  seven  years  or  pay  one  hundred  pounds,  except 
ing  Xew  England  and  Virginia  :  and  in  case  they 
return  or  make  their  escape,  such  persons  arc  to 
be  adjudged  felons,  and  *?///>/•  dmlli  withmt/  Ix-m-fil 
of  <'lt-rijij.  Sheriffs,  or  justices  of  the  peace,  or 
others  commissioned  by  them,  are  empowered  to 
dissolve,  dissipate,  and  break  up  all  unlawful  con 
venticles,  and  to  take  into  custody  such  of  their 
number  as  they  think  fit.  They  who  suffer  such 
conventicles  in  their  houses  or  barns  are  liable  to 
the  same  forfeitures  as  other  offenders.  The  pros 
ecution  is  to  be  within  three  months.  Married 
women  taken  at  conventicles  are  to  be  imprisoned 
for  twelve  months,  unless  their  husbands  pay  forty 
shillings  for  their  redemption.''  Xo  scourge  could 
create  a  greater  panic  among  Dissenters  in  England 
than  the  Conventicle  Act,  and  the  havoc  it  made 
among  them  was  dreadful.  Informers  abounded, 
and  the  prisons  groaned  with  persecuted  Baptists 

and  others.    Sumo  conformed  occasionally  to  Enisco- 

" 

'  pal  worship;  but  the  Baptists  Avere  enthusiastic 
I  and  resolute,  and  suffered  the  loss  of  goods  and 
of  liberty,  and  ma^y  of  them  died  in  prison.  But 
no  acts  of  Parliament  could  suppress  the  truth  of 
God,  and  the  sufferings  of  saints  planted  seed  in 
new  hearts. 

Conveyances  of  Real   Estate  for    Church 
Uses. — Conveyances,  according  to  an   old  British 

statute  called  the  "  Statute  of  Frauds,"  in  some 
form  are  in  force  universally  in  this  country.  Every 
transfer  of  land  must  be  made  in  Avriting  and  signed 
by  the  grantor.  A  gift  of  land  for  church  purposes 
must  therefore  be  in  Avriting,  and  legally  signed  and 
witnessed,  or  it  is  not  binding.  There  are  also 
statutes  in  many  of  the  States  of  the  Union  re 
quiring  all  gifts  for  charities  (and  all  religious  uses 
are  charities)  to  be  made  Avithin  a  certain  time, 
varying  from  one  to  six  months,  before  the  death 
of  the  giver,  and  this  applies  whether  the  gift  be 
made  by  deed  or  Avill.  Such  gifts  must  also  be 
signed  in  presence  of  two  or  more  subscribing  wit 
nesses.  The  pious  intentions  of  persons  who  wished 
to  dedicate  a  portion  of  their  wealth  to  the  service 
of  G.id  have  been  frustrated  and  disappointed  by 
a  failure  to  attend  to  these  formalities.  In  convey 
ing  property  to  a  church  just  formed,  great  care 
should  be  exorcised  and  competent  legal  advice 
taken,  when  practicable,  to  have  the  deed  made  and 
executed  in  legal  form.  Where  the  property  is 
bought  before  the  church  is  organized  and  chartered, 
the  conveyance  may  be  made  to  certain  persons 
chosen  as  trustees  to  hold  it  until  a  charter  can  be 
procured;  but  if  afterwards  the  society  changes 
the  trustees  the  title  does  not.  as  a  general  rule, 
follow  the  change,  but  remains  in  the  old  trustees. 
Such  a  trust,  however,  Avill  always  be  enforced  by 
the  courts,  and  the  trustees  compelled  to  hold  and 
convey  the  property  so  as  to  carry  out  fully  the 


COOK 


271 


COOK 


trust.  Where  a  church  owns  property  it  should 
procure  a  charter  without  delay,  and  have  the  title 
legally  conveyed  to  the  corporation  or  trustees  of 
the  church.  The  general  rule  of  law  is  that  an 
unincorporated  society  cannot  take  and  hold  prop 
erty  in  its  own  name;  but  in  many  of  the  States 
great  indulgence  is  shown  to  religious  societies  as 
charitable  institutions,  and  conveyances  and  de 
vises  to  them  are  sustained  on  that  ground,  which 
would  not  otherwise  be  valid.  In  the  States  bor 
dering  on  the  Atlantic  coast  many  unincorporated 
churches  and  religious  societies  received  and  used 
property  acquired  by  them  for  their  proper  pur 
poses  in  early  times  before  the  laws  with  regard  to 
incorporations  became  generally  known,  and  the 
usage  thus  established  has  become  the  foundation 
of  the  law  on  this  subject  in  those  States  and  in 
many  others. 


the  same  year  the  board  of  trustees  organized  under 
the  charter  by  the  appointment  of  the  following 
officers,  viz.  :  President,  Elbert  W.  Cook  ;  Secretary, 
llev.  Joel  Ilendrick  ;  Treasurer,  Elbert  P.  Cook, 
Esq.  These  officers  have  held  their  respective  po 
sitions  to  the  present  time. 

The  purpose  of  Col.  Cook  is  expressed  in  the 
following  words  :  "  1  would  found  a  purely  classi 
cal,  literary,  and  scientific  institution,  and  place  it 
on  a  firm  basis  and  under  Christian  influences.  I 
desire  a  school  of  the  first  class,  but  I  do  not  desire 
a  godless  school.  I  would  establish  in  connection 
with  the  institution  a  thorough  classical  course,  so 
that  young  gentlemen,  and  young  ladies  also,  can 
prepare  themselves  for  entering  college  in  the  most 
complete  and  thorough  manner.  1  am  desirous 
that  this  department  shall  take  the  highest  rank  in 
the  preparation  of  students  for  college.  I  would 


COOK     ACADEMY,    HAVANA,    SCIIUYLER    CO.,    N.   Y. 


Cook  Academy,  N.  Y. — This  institution  is  lo 
cated  in  the  village  of  Havana,  Sohuyler  Co.,  X.  Y., 
and  had  its  origin  in  a  proposition  of  Col.  E.  A\r. 
Cook  to  the  New  York  Baptist  State  Convention 
in  1870.  He  tendered  to  the  Convention  the  mag 
nificent  property  previously  known  as  the  People's 
College,  valued  at  SI 23.000.  on  condition  that  it 
should  1)0  thoroughly  equipped  and  well  supported. 

The  property  was  purchased  by  Col.  Cook,  trans 
ferred  to  the  persons  named  as  trustees,  and  the 
charter  obtained  in  August,  1872.  In  October  of 


have  also  a  thorough  literary  and  scientific  course, 
in  which  young  gentlemen  and  ladies  not  intending 
to  advance  to  higher  institutions  may  obtain  a 
thorough  education,  second  only  to  a  collegiate  one. 
I  am  greatly  desirous  that  the  academy  shall  always 
be  accessible  to  students  of  limited  means." 

In  full  sympathy  with  this  expressed  purpose 
the  school  was  opened  in  September,  1873.  having 
a  faculty  of  eight  teachers,  with  Charles  Fairman, 
LL.TX,  late  of  Shurtleff  College,  111.,  as  principal. 
The  average  number  of  pupils  the  first  year  was 


COOK 


101:  second  year,  139;  third  year,  154:  fourth 
year,  163;  fifth  year.  170.  A  healthful  religious 
atmosphere  has  prevailed  in  the  school  from  the 
beginning.  About  40  conversions  occurred  among 
the  students  the  first  year,  and  about  1-0  during 
the  first  four  years. 

As  a  literary  institution  it  now  ranks  among  tin- 
best  of  its  kind  in  the  State,  but the  trustees  desire 
to  increase  its  facilities  by  endowments,  and  by 
additions  to  its  library  and  apparatus. 

Cook,  Hon.  C.  M.,  was  born  in  Franklin  County 
in  1S44.  He  was  educated  at  Wake  Forest  College. 
lie  was  adjutant  of  the  55th  N.  C.  Regiment  in  the 
late  war,  and  was  severely  wounded  in  the  last 
battles  around  Richmond,  lie  began  the  practice 
of  law  in  1868.  lit;  has  repeatedly  represented  his 
district  in  the  Legislature,  and  he  was  president  of 
the  "Baptist  State  Convention  during  the  session  of 
1876.  3Ir.  Cook  is  a  good  Sunday-school  worker 
and  a  devout  Christian. 

Cook,  J.  F.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Shelby  Co., 
Ky..  in  1S37.  He  made  a  profession  of  religion 
when  twelve  years  of  age.  Prepared  for  college 
at  the  Fayette  High  School  in  Howard  Co.,  Mo. 
He  entered  Georgetown  College  in  1855,  and  grad 
uated  in  1858,  and  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
the  same  year. 

He  took  the  presidency  of  the  La  Grange  College 
in  1866.  During  his  administration  the  institution 
has  constantly  gained  in  finances  and  character. 
He  is  a  fine  scholar  and  an  excellent  teacher,  and 
•while  he  rules  his  school  he  has  the  love  of  all  his 
students,  and  he  is  highly  esteemed  by  all  who 
know  him.  He  is  gentle  and  yet  firm,  modest  and 
yet  dignified.  He  exerts  a  happy  influence  over 
all  that  enjoy  his  society.  He  is  making  numerous 
pillars  to  support  our  great  republic  with  wisdom 
and  honor  in  coming  days. 

Cook,  Rev.  Richard  Briscoe,  was  born  in 
Baltimore,  Md.,  Nov.  11,  1838.  After  receiving 
an  elementary  education  in  the  public  schools  and 
in  the  academy  of  the  Newton  University  of  his 
native  city,  he  entered  mercantile  life,  and  spent 
five  years  in  the  counting-room  and  store.  At  his 
conversion  he  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Fuller, 
April  12,  1857,  and  received  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Seventh  Baptist  church,  Baltimore,  of  which 
he  became  an  active  member.  At  the  earnest  so 
licitation  of  Dr.  Fuller  he  gave  up  his  position  in 
the  mercantile  house,  and  in  1859  entered  the  Co 
lumbian  College,  to  prepare  himself  for  the  work  of 
the  ministry.  In  the  Junior  year  of  his  course  he 
received  the  Davis  prize  medal  for  elocution,  and 
in  1863  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.B.,  sharing 
with  one  other  the  highest  honors  of  the  class.  Af 
ter  his  graduation  he  was  chosen  tutor  in  Greek 
in  the  college,  in  which  position  he  served  during 
1863-64.  The  decree  of  A.M.  in  course  was  con 


ferred  upon  him  in  1S66.  He  took  a  private  course 
in  theology,  mainly  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Samson  ;  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the 
Seventh  Baptist  church,  Baltimore,  and  was  or 
dained  by  a  council  called  by  the  same  church  in 
October,  1S64,  Rev.  Drs.  Fuller,  Samson.  Wilson, 
and  others  officiating.  Immediately  after,  he  was 


REV.    RICHARD    I5RISCOE    COOK. 

engaged  to  supply  the  pulpit  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Ilolmesburg,  Philadelphia,  and  eventually  be 
came  its  pastor.  On  the  2d  of  April  following,  the 
meeting-house,  which  was  a  rude-looking  building, 
was  destroyed  by  fire,  and  there  was  erected  in  its 
stead  a  handsome  brownstone  edifice,  costing  up 
wards  of  §22,000,  which,  in  1867,  within  two  years 
and  a  half  after  the  fire,  was  dedicated,  free  of  debt. 
The  church  had  prospered  so  much  in  the  mean 
time,  that  a  few  years  afterwards  a  neat  chapel 
was  also  erected  in  By  berry  for  mission  purposes, 
costing  nearly  84000.  Mr.  Cook  remained  with 
the  church  at  Ilolmesburg  eleven  years,  during 
which  time  twice  as  much  money  was  raised  for 
benevolent  purposes  as  had  been  contributed  during 
the  thirty-two  previous  years  ;  the  pastor's  salary 
was  tripled  ;  the  home  Sunday-school  was  greatly 
enlarged,  and  a  mission  school  established.  In 
December.  1875,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  in  Wilmington.  Del.,  at  which  place 
there  were,  during  his  first  year  as  pastor,  147 
baptisms,  the  membership  being  increased  by  155 
additions,  and  the  number  of  the  Sunday-school 
doubled,  as  well  as  a  very  large  adult  Bible-class 
formed.  In  1869  he  served  as  moderator  of  the  Cen 
tral  Union  Association,  in  all  the  deliberations  of 


COOK 


273 


which  he  was  accustomed  to  take  an  active  part. 
For  one  year,  also,  he  acted  as  president  of  the 
Philadelphia  Baptist  Ministerial  Conference,  after 
having  previously  served  as  vice-president.  Mr. 
Cook  has  in  preparation,  and  almost  ready  for 
publication,  a  popular  "  History  of  the  Baptists," 
designed  more  especially  for  Sunday-schools  and 
for  the  young,  which  will  add  to  his  reputation  as 
a  scholar  and  a  writer,  and  he  has  a  valuable  his 
tory  of  the  Baptists  of  Delaware  now  passing 
through  the  press.  No  minister  in  Pennsylvania 
or  Delaware  enjoys  a  larger  measure  of  the  con 
fidence  of  his  brethren  than  Mr.  Cook.  lie  is  an 
able  minister  of  the  Saviour. 

Cook,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born  in  Eastham, 
Mass.,  in  17'Jl.  Early  in  his  life  his  parents  re 
moved  to  the  State  of  Maine,  and  there  he  resided 
for  many  years.  At  the  age  of  twenty-four  he 
became  a  hopeful  Christian,  and  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  Clinton,  Me.  He  studied  at 
Waterville,  under  the  direction  of  Kev.  Dr.  Chapin. 
After  leaving  the  institution  he  was  called  to  the 
Baptist  church  of  Efiingham,  N.  II.,  where  he  was 
ordained,  Dr.  Chapin  preaching  the  sermon,  which 
was  published.  On  leaving  Effingham  he  served 
in  succession  the  churches  in  Brentwood,  X.  II., 
Hampton  Falls,  Hopkinton,  Meredith  Village,  and 
Dunbarton.  For  some  time  he  was  the  agent  of 
the  New  Hampshire  State  Convention,  and  labored 
among  the  feeble  churches.  His  last  regular  min 
isterial  service  was  in  Concord,  N.  II.,  where  for 
eight  years  he  acted  as  chaplain  of  the  State  prison. 
His  life  was  a  laborious  one  as  a  minister  of  Christ, 
and  God  blessed  his  labors  abundantly.  Mr.  Cook 
died  at  Concord,  N.  II.,  Feb.  15,  1872. 

Cooke,  Rev.  Nathaniel  B.,  was  born  at  Cam- 
bridgeport,  Mass.,  in  1816;  was  converted  at  the 
age  of  eleven  and  baptized  by  Rev.  Howard  Mal- 
com  in  1834.  He  prepared  for  college  at  the  Phil 
lips  Academy,  and  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  the  class  of  1840.  It  was  his  strong  desire  at 
this  period  of  his  life  to  become  a  minister  of  the 
gospel,  but  circumstances  temporarily  prevented, 
and  he  devoted  himself  to  teaching  for  a  time  in 
Bristol,  K.  I.  Subsequently  he  studied  medicine 
at  Yiile,  and  practised  his  profession  for  a  period  at 
Leicester,  Mass.,  and  then  returned  to  Bristol, 
R.  I.,  where  he  was  the  principal  of  the  high 
school  for  nine  years.  The  way  now  being  opened 
for  him  to  carry  out  his  long  cherished  wishes  to 
preach,  he  was  ordained  at  Greenville,  Mass., 
where  for  six  years  he  was  a  faithful  minister  of 
Christ.  He  then  removed  to  Lonsdale.  R.  I.,  where 
he  died  May  14,  1871.  lie  won  the  sincere  respect 
and  affection  of  the  communities  in  which  he  lived 
and  labored. 

Cooley,  Darwin  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Claren 
don,  Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  5,  1880,  and  united 


with  the  Baptist  church  in  Sweden,  N.  Y.,  in 
I  March,  1841.  He  fitted  for  college  at  the  Brock- 
port  Collegiate  Institute,  entering  the  Sophomore 
class  of  the  University  of  Rochester  in  1852,  and 
graduating  in  1855,  and  from  the  theological  sem 
inary  at  Rochester  in  1857.  He  was  ordained  at 
Clyde,  N.  Y.,  July  16,  1857.  Removing  West  the 
following  year,  under  appointment  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society,  he  settled  at  Stevens  Point.  Wis., 
June  1,  1858,  being  the  first  pastor  of  the  church 
there.  Here  he  remained  until  June  1,  18(>1,  during 
which  time  a  good  house  of  worship  was  built  and 
paid  for.  At  the  date  last  given  he  removed  to 
Appleton,  Wis.,  laboring  there  as  pastor  six  years 
and  three  months.  Ho  then,  in  1867,  settled  at 
Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  remaining  there  three  years. 
Under  his  ministry  there  was  a  large  ingathering 
at  this  point,  and  a  fine  house  was  built.  In  the 
beginning  of  1871,  Mr.  Cooley  became  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Canton.  111.,  where  he  remained  eiiiht 
years.  From  Canton  he  removed  to  Frceport,  set 
tling  there  Nov.  14,  1879.  At  Frceport,  during  the 
pastorate  which  he  still  holds,  the  beautiful  house 
has  been  finished  and  all  the  expenses  of  its  erec 
tion  met,  while  here  as  elsewhere,  he  has  com 
mended  himself  as  an  able  and  "good  minister  of 
Jesus  Christ."  Dr.  Cooley  received  his  degree  of 
D.D.  from  the  theological  seminary  at  Morgan 
Park  in  1878. 
Coon,  Rev.  James  McCowen,  the  pastor  of 

the  Baptist  church  in  Beaver  Dam,  Wis.,  is  a 
native  of  Frankfort,  Clinton  Co.,  Ind.,  where  he 
was  born  July  ID,  1844.  His  father  is  Rev.  R.  R. 
Coon,  for  many  years  a  well-known  Baptist  min 
ister  in  Illinois.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  spent 
his  boyhood  in  Peoria  and  Alton,  111.  He  was 
educated  at  the  University  of  Chicago,  graduating 
in  the  class  of  1869.  Having  the  profession  of 
law  in  view,  immediately  upon  graduating  from 
the  university  he  entered  the  Union  Law  School 
of  Chicago,  and  graduated  from  that  institution  in 
1870.  Subsequently  yielding  to  long-continued 
convictions  that  God  called  him  to  the  work  of  the 
Christian  ministry,  he  entered  the  Baptist  Theo 
logical  Seminary  of  Chicago,  and  completing  the 
full  course  graduated  in  1874.  Having  received 
a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Galva,  III.,  he  was  ordained  by  that  church  in 
August.  1874. 

Mr.  Coon's  pastorate  at  Galva  continued  four 
years.  Having  received  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Beaver  Dam,  Wis.,  he  re 
signed  his  position  at  Galva,  in  1879,  to  accept  the 
invitation  at  Beaver  Dam,  which  has  since  been 
his  home.  For  two  years  past  he  has  ably  con 
ducted  a  department  of  the  International  Sunday- 
School  Lessons  published  in  the  Standard.  His 
expositions  have  been  scholarly  and  his  practical 


deductions  pointed  and  clear.      lie  is  a  young  min 
ister  of  culture  and  character. 
Cooper,  Deacon  Dan  Smith,  son  of  Samuel 

and  Emily  L.  (Linsley)  Cooper,  was  born  Oct.  4, 
1*1',).  in  North  Haven,  Conn.;  nephew  to  Rev. 
•  lames  II.  Linsley:  moved  to  N'e\v  Haven  at  the 
a^-e  of  fourteen  :  converted  at  the  age  of  eighteen, 
while  a  clerk,  and  united  with  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Xe\v  Haven  ;  in  1840  began  asamerchant 
on  State  Street,  and  has  continued  till  the  present 
(ISSD):  honored  by  all  the  people  of  the  city  :  in 
1858  he  was  chosen  deacon  under  the  pastorate  of 
S.  D.  Phelps,  I).  I).,  and  remains  in  ollice  ;  known 
and  beloved  by  all  the  Baptists  in  the  State;  a 
representative  citizen  and  a  warm-hearted  Christian. 

Cooper,  Rev.  David,  M.D.,  a  distinguished 
pioneer  Baptist  in  Southwest  Mississippi,  who  com 
bined  the  calling  of  minister  and  physician.  He 
came  to  the  State  in  1802,  and  from  this  time  until 
his  death,  in  1830,  he  was  assiduous  in  his  labors 
in  Southwestern  .Mississippi  and  Eastern  Louisiana, 
and  perhaps  did  more  than  any  other  man  to  give 
character  to  these  early  Baptists.  Himself  a  man 
of  learning,  he  was  a  vigorous  advocate  of  minis 
terial  education.  He  was  also  an  active  promoter 
of  missions.  He  was  long  moderator  of  the  Mis 
sissippi  Association,  which  he  assisted  in  organ 
izing,  and  wrote  many  valuable  papers  which  appear 
as  circular  letters  in  the  minutes  of  the  Association. 

Cooper,  E.6V.  George,  was  born  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  Dec.  10,  1840  ;  was  baptized  by  his  father. 
Rev.  James  Cooper,  D.I).,  at  Woodstock.  Ontario, 
Dec.  27,  1857;  was  educated  at  the  University  of 
Toronto,  Canada,  and  at  Hamilton  Theological 
Seminary.  X.  Y..  graduating  from  the  latter  insti 
tution  in  ISlUi;  was  ordained  •June  1.  I860,  and 
settled  as  pastor  at  North  Attleborough,  Mass.,  and 
remained  until  December,  IStiU,  when  he  removed 
to  Gloversville,  X.  Y.  In  May,  187-'!.  lie  entered 
upon  his  present  field  of  labor  with  the  First  church. 
West  Philadelphia.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Managers  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society,  and  of  the  curators  of  the  university  at 
Lewislniru'.  anil  is  prominently  identified  with  the 
management  of  educational  and  missionary  work 
in  the  State.  He  is  a  man  of  scholarly  attainments 
and  of  a  sprightly  and  social  disposition.  As  a 
preacher,  he  unfolds  Bible  truths  with  marked  clear 
ness  of  enunciation,  and  as  a  pastor  he  is  diligent, 
constant,  and  successful.  Mr.  Cooper  is  one  of  the 
ablest  men  in  the  Baptist  ministry  in  Pennsyl 
vania. 

Cooper,  James,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the  southern 
part  of  Scotland.  Dec.  27.  1812.  His  parents  being 
Presbyterians,  he  was  brought  up  in  that  faith, 
and  he  married  a  lady  who  held  the  same  senti 
ments.  On  the  birth  of  their  first  child,  now 
Rev.  George  Cooper,  of  Philadelphia,  their  at 


tention  was  called  to  the  subject  of  infant  bap 
tism.  As  a  result  they  both  became  Baptists,  and 
were  baptized  in  Edinburgh  by  Rev.  Christopher 
Anderson,  author  of  the  '•  Annals  of  the  English 
Bible.''  Though  trained  for  secular  business,  a 
call  to  the  ministry  now  prevailed.  He  studied  at 
Bradford.  England,  and  at  the  University  of  Edin 
burgh,  in  the  latter  attending  the  lectures  of  Sir 
W.  Hamilton,  lie  left  Scotland  in  184:5.  and  be 
came  pastor  of  the  church  at  Perth.  Canada.  He 
was  afterwards  pastor  of  the  churches  at  Kemptville 
and  Brockville.  He  also  did  much  missionary  work 
in  the  country  adjoining.  In  1853  he  took  charge 
of  the  church  at  Woodstock.  A  new  house  of 


JAMES    COOPF.R,    D.D. 

worship  was  at  once  built.  He  gathered  around 
him  some  young  men  from  other  churches  who  de 
sired  to  study  for  the  ministry,  and  aided  them  in 
their  instruction.  lie  entered  heartily  into  the 
plans  of  the  denomination  for  the  theological  train 
ing  of  its  young  men.  out  of  which  grew  the  Cana 
dian  Literary  Institute.  He  did  much  toward  the 
planting  of  the  school  at  Woodstock,  and  ever  bore 
helpful  relations  to  it.  In  1805  he  became  pastor 
of  the  church  at  London,  where  for  fourteen  years 
he  enjoyed  great  success.  As  a  result  a  second 
church  was  formed  in  the  city.  In  August.  1879, 
he  left  the  province  and  his  work  to  live  in  Kelso, 
Scotland,  and  spend  life's  evening  in  rest.  Being 
a  most  exact  and  careful  Biblical  student,  his  has 
been  a  teaching  ministry  as  well  as  an  evangelistic. 
The  churches  to  which  he  ministered  were  well 
trained  in  the  Word,  and  so  the  gains  of  many 
spiritual  awakenings  were  permanent.  In  1869 


COOPER 


275 


COOPER 


Madison   University   conferred  on  him  the  degree 
of  D.I). 

Cooper,  James,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  Jan.  2,  1826  ;  removed  to  Cincinnati  in  1832  ; 
joined  the  Ninth  Street  church  in  that  city,  by  bap 
tism,  early  in  1840,  and  the  same  year  went  to 
Woodward  College.  At  the  end  of  two  years,  ill 
health  compelled  him  to  suspend  study  and  enter 
into  active  business.  In  1847  he  resumed  study  in 
the  preparatory  department  of  the  Western  Theo 
logical  Institute,  at  Covington,  Ivy.  In  1848  he 
went  to  Granville  College  (now  Denison  Univer 
sity),  where  he  graduated  in  1850.  The  next  three 
years  lie  spent  in  the  Newton  Theological  Institu 
tion,  and  finished  the  usual  course  of  study.  After 
spending  fifteen  months  in  mission  work  in  Cin 
cinnati,  he  was  ordained  in  December,  1854.  His 
successive  pastorates  have  been  as  follows :  Madi 
son,  Wis.,  one  year  ;  Waukesha,  Wis.,  three  years  ; 
Melro.se,  Mass.,  three  years;  the  Berean  church, 
West  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  six  years  ;  Ilondout.  N.  Y., 
eight  years  ;  Flint.  Mich.,  three  years.  He  re 
signed  his  charge  in  Flint,  at  the  call  of  the  Ameri 
can  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  to  become  its 
district  secretary  for  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Michigan. 
His  present  residence  is  Detroit.  His  ministry 
has  been  attended  with  large  ingatherings  to  the 
churches  he  has  served.  In  1880  he  was  made  a 
Doctor  of  Divinity  by  Denison  University. 

Cooper,  Hon.  Mark  A.,  a  distinguished  Geor 
gian,  and  for  a  number  of  years  a  member  of  Con 
gress,  was  born  in  Hancock  County,  April  20,  1800. 
His  parents  on  both  sides  were  Virginians,  his  an 
cestors  having  emigrated  from  England  and  Hol 
land.  He  was  educated  in  youth  by  Nathan  S. 
Beman,  at  Mount  /ion  Academy,  and  by  Ira  Ing 
ram,  at  Powelton  Academy.  At  seventeen  he  en 
tered  Franklin  College,  at  Athens,  but  left  the  in 
stitution  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Finley,  and  entered 
the  South  Carolina  College,  at  Columbia,  where  he 
graduated  in  IS  19.  Choosing  law  for  his  profes 
sion,  he  studied  under  Judge  Strong,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1821,  and  settled  in  Fatonton,  Ga., 
where  he  began  to  practise.  During  the  same  year 
he  was  converted  and  joined  the  Katonton  Baptist 
church.  In  1825,  when  Gov.  Geo.  M.  Troup  called 
for  volunteers  to  protect  our  Florida  border  from 
the  Seminole  Indians,  Mark  A.  Cooper  tendered 
his  services,  joining  a  regiment  formed  by  Col.  j 
Edward  Hamilton,  and  served  through  the  war,  \ 
being  appointed  paymaster,  and  paying  off  the 
soldiers  at  its  close.  He  was  then  elected  solicitor 
of  the  Ocmulgee  circuit  by  the  Legislature,  and, 
afterwards,  becoming  prominent  in  politics,  was 
elected  to  Congress,  where  he  served  two  terms  in 
the  House  of  Representatives.  His  position  before 
the  entire  country  became  so  prominent  that  he 
was  prevailed  upon  by  his  friends  to  accept  the 


nomination  for  governor  of  Georgia,  in  opposition 
to  George  W.  Crawford,  in  184;;  ;  but  he  was  de 
feated,  and  Mr.  Crawford  was  elected. 

In   1830  he  again  responded   to  the  call  of  the 


IIO.V.    MARK     A.   COOPER. 

United  States  for  volunteers  to  subdue  the  Semi 
nole  Indians,  who  were  waging  war  in  Florida. 
His  was  one  of  five  companies  formed  into  a  bat 
talion  in  Middle  Georgia,  of  which  he  was  elected 
major.  He  accepted  the  command,  marched  to 
Florida,  and  served  through  Gen.  Winfield  Scott's 
campaign  in  that  State.  Major  Cooper  was  one  of 
the  very  first  Georgians  to  advocate  the  building 
of  railroads  in  the  State:  and.  in  connection  with 
Chas.  P.  Gordon,  called  the  first  railroad  meeting  in 
the  State,  and  made  the  first  railroad  spe'ech  ;  and 
afterwards,  as  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  assisted 
in  securing  the  charter  of  the  Georgia  Railroad. 
Nor  did  he  cease  his  efforts  until  that  road  was 
built  from  Augusta  to  Atlanta,  and  extended  by 
the  State  from  Atlanta  to  Chattanooga. 

iSo  man  in  Georgia  lias  done  more  to  build  up 
her  manufacturing  interests  than  Mr.  Cooper.  He 
helped  to  organ ixe  one  of  the  first  cotton-mills  in 
the  State,  at  Eaton  ton.  He  established,  and  for  years 
maintained  an  extensive  iron  and  Hour  manufac 
turing  company,  at  Etowah.  Cass  Co.  (now  liar- 
tow),  which  was  completely  destroyed  by  the  Fed 
eral  army,  lie  was  for  several  years  the  president 
of  a  successful  bank  in  Columbus;  and  was  the 
first  to  open  the  coal  mines  in  Dade  County,  and  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  for  the  shipment  of  coal  to 
Georgia  for  manufacturing  purposes.  He  founded 
the  State  Agricultural  Society,  which  is  still  in 


COOTKR 


276 


COOPER 


vigorous  existence,  drew  up  the  constitution  him 
self,  and  for  a  series  of  years  presided  over  its 
affairs  successfully.  Fur  a  while  he  was  a  trustee 
of  Mercer  University,  and  assisted  in  its  location  ; 
and  for  nearly  fifty  years  has  been  a  trustee  of  the 
State1  university. 

In  all  his  life  he  has  been  a  man  of  mark.  Of 
very  commanding  appearance,  with  a  splendid  in 
tellect,  fine  oratorical  powers,  and  with  exceptional 
abilities  in  every  respect.  Even  as  late  as  1S77  he 
was  sent  by  the  people  of  his  district  to  represent 
them  in  the  State  senate,  and  in  1S78  he  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Constitutional  Convention. 
Now  in  his  eightieth  year,  he  enjoys  good  health, 
so  remarkable  are  his  physical  powers. 

Mr.  Cooper  has  always  been  a  firm  Baptist,  and 
a  strong  supporter  of  all  our  denominational  pro 
jects.  He  built  a  Baptist  house  of  worship  at 
Etowah.  and  for  years  was  its  Sunday-school 
superintendent  and  main  supporter.  He  lost  two 
sons  in  the  war,  both  most  promising  young  men, 
and  each  of  whom  took  the  first  honor  in  the  State 
university. 

Cooper,  Thomas,  a  layman  and  deacon  of  re 
markable  pioty  and  extended  influence  and  useful 
ness,  was  born  in  Henry  Co.,  Va.,  in  1707,  and 
died  at  Eatonton.  Ga.,  in  1842.  His  ancestors  on 
the  maternal  side.  Antony  by  name,  came  from 
Holland  ;  on  the  paternal  side  from  England,  and 
both  settled  in  Virginia.  Thomas  Cooper.  Sr.,  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses,  in  Virginia, 
married  Sallie  Antony,  and  they  were  the  parents 
of  eleven  children.  Thomas  Cooper,  Jr.,  the  third 
son,  moved  from  Virginia  to  Hancock  Co.,  Ga., 
where,  in  1797,  he  married  Judith  Harvey,  by  whom 
he  had  five  children,— Clinton,  who  died  in  infancy  ; 
Mark  Antony  Cooper,  for  years  a  member  of  Con 
gress  and  still  living  at  the  age  of  eighty-one  ;  Mrs. 
Harriet  Nisbit,  Mrs.  Narcissa  Boykin,  and  Mrs. 
Emily  Branham,  all  of  whom  are  dead.  In  1822, 
Thomas  Cooper  moved  from  Hancock  County  to 
Eatonton,  Putnam  Co.,  where  he  lived  until  his 
death.  He  was  a  man  of  large  property,  one  of 
the  first  planters  in  Georgia  who  raised  cotton  to 
sell,  and  was  the  inventor  of  a  roller  cotton-gin. 
He  was  a  well-informed  man,  a  great  reader  and  a 
deep  thinker,  and  was  very  fond  of  the  study  of 
natural  philosophy  and  astronomy.  He  was  a 
diligent  student  of  the  Bible,  and  made  himself 
familiar  with  such  theological  works  as  those  of 
Andrew  Fuller  and  Dr.  John  Gill,  whose  Commen 
tary  wras  his  favorite  work  of  reference. 

His  religious  convictions  began  in  1810,  soon 
after  the  death  of  his  wife  Judith,  lie  was  bap 
tized  by  Jesse  Mercer,  and  joined  the  Baptist  church 
at  Powelton  about  1811,  transferring  his  member 
ship  eleven  years  afterwards  to  Eatonton,  where  for 
years,  as  a  deacon,  he  continued  an  active  and  zeal 


ous  church  member,  using  his  office  well  and  pur 
chasing  to  himself  a  good  degree;  and  great  boldness 
in  the  faith,  lie  was  distinguished  for  godliness  ; 
he  was  an  earnest  and  liberal  supporter  of  schools 
and  colleges,  and  an  ardent  and  generous  friend  of 
missions  and  Sunday-schools.  He  was  not  only 
a  worthy  church  member,  who  was  referred  to  by 
all  who  knew  him  as  a  standard  of  Christian  char 
acter  and  excellence,  but  he  was  a  thorough  B:ip- 
tist,  who  was  very  active  in  building  up  the  de 
nomination  in  Georgia.  He  was  regular  in  the 
exercise  of  family  prayer,  in  Avhich  he  was  always 
impressive  and  frequently  eloquent.  His  son, 
Mark  A.  Cooper,  received  his  first  religious  con 
victions  while  at  family  devotions  when  twelve 
years  of  age, — convictions  so  deep  as  to  be  apparent 
to  all,  and  so  lasting  that  they  have  never  faded 
away. 

Mr.  Cooper  was  among  the  number  of  those  who 
were  instrumental  in  founding  Mercer  University, 
and  delighted  to  aid  worthy  young  men  who  were 
studying  for  the  ministry.  He  was  a  devoted  friend 
of  the  temperance  cause,  seldom  indulged  in  anec 
dote,  and  never  in  light  table-talk,  always  preferring 
to  converse  on  grave  subjects.  In  demeanor  he  Avas 
austere  and  decisive,  unwavering  in  his  family  ad 
ministration,  yet  always  kind  and  considerate  in 
his  domestic  relations.  He  was  the  friend,  com 
panion,  and  co-laborer  of  Jesse  Mercer,  B.  M. 
Sanders,  Reuben  Battle.  Adiel  Sherwood,  C.  J>. 
Mallary,  John  E.  Da.wson,  and  many  others  of  like 
character. 

"  As  a  member  he  was  scarcely  less  distinguished 
than  Jesse  Mercer  as  a  minister.  In  him  were 
joined  to  a  native  intellect  remarkably  clear,  dis 
criminating,  and  vigorous,  the  most  excellent  quali 
ties  of  heart,  all  sanctified  by  fervent  and  exalted 
piety.  Three  times  a  day  would  he  retire  to  com 
mune  with  God.  For  the  last  twelve  or  fifteen 
years  of  his  life  this  wise  and  venerable  man  was 
a  humble  pupil  in  a  Bible-class.  His  faithfulness 
in  encouraging,  counseling,  and,  if  necessary,  re 
proving  his  brethren  was  worthy  of  all  praise  ;  and, 
as  a  judicious,  watchful,  conscientious,  punctual, 
painstaking  deacon,  a  brighter  model  has  never 
appeared  in  our  churches.  His  pecuniary  bounties 
were  scattered  over  a  broad  field  with  a  liberal 
hand.  For  many  years  before  he  died  his  entire 
income  beyond  his  necessary  expenses  was  conse 
crated  to  pious  purposes.  For  a  long  time,  to  the 
writer's  knowledge,  he  contributed  annually  ?1(K) 
to  each  of  some  half-dozen  religious  objects,  whilst 
his  extra  contributions  of  sums  varying  from  $100 
to  $1000,  unknown,  indeed,  to  many,  were  not  in 
frequent.  In  his  will  the  claims  of  Zion  were  as 
sacredly  remembered  as  his  children.  Long  will 
it  be  before  we  shall  see  in  our  midst  such  a  min 
ister  as  Jesse  Mercer,  and,  perhaps,  as  long  before 


COOPER 


277 


CORBLEY 


we  shall  see  such  a  deacon  as  Thomas  Cooper." 
(C.  1).  Mallary  in  his  "  Memoirs  of  Jesse  Mercer.'') 

In  person  he  was  six  feet  high  and  very  erect, 
of  quick,  elastic  step,  strong  and  muscular  frame, 
but  by  no  means  corpulent,  weighing  150  or  160 
pounds.  lie  had  very  expressive  blue  eyes,  over 
shadowed  by  marked  eyebrows,  with  light  chestnut- 
colored  hair,  which  in  the  latter  part  of  his  life 
became  slightly  intermixed  with  gray. 

Ministers  of  all  denominations  were  always  wel 
come  at  his  large  mansion,  which  was.  peculiarly, 
the  home  of  the  preachers  and  members  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  when  traveling  in  his  vicinity. 

Cooper,  Rev.  T.  B.,  A.M.,  B.D.,  of  Ogeechee, 

Ga.,  was  born  Dee.  L'lj,  JS24,  in  Montgomery  Co., 
Ga..  and  was  in  youth  educated  by  Dr.  P.  II.  Mell 
and  Milton  E.  Bacon.  He  professed  conversion  in 
1S45,  graduated  regularly  in  the  literary  depart 
ment  of  Mercer  University  in  1S4'J.  and  was  or 
dained  at  Savannah,  Feb.  9,  1S52.  lie  has  served 
as  pastor  the  churches  at  Waynesville.  Brunswick, 
Wades,  and  Little  Ogeechee.  He  has  held  the  po 
sitions  of  Professor  of  Belles-Lettrcs  in  the  Georgia 
Female  College,  of  president  of  the  Marietta  Female 
College,  and  of  agent  in  Georgia  for  the  Foreign 
Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention. 

He  has  been  a  useful  preacher  and  instructor,  a 
successful  agent,  and  a  talented  contributor  to  the 
denominational  papers. 

Cooper,  Rev.  W.  B.,  a  minister  of  culture  who 
labored  successfully  to  build  up  our  denomination 
in  Florida,  lie  was  born  in  Abbeville  District. 
S.  C.,  in  1S07.  His  father,  Joseph  Cooper,  of  Vir 
ginia,  was  a  man  of  rare  culture  and  intellect,  and 
the  early  education  of  the  son  was  under  his 
father's  training  till  IS2S.  \vhen  he  attended  an 
academy  near  his  home,  which  was  then  in  Laurens 
District. 

While  at  the  institution  lie  was  converted,  under 
the  preaching  of  Daniel  Mangram,  of  Xewberry 
District,  and  was  baptized  by  him  at  Mount  Pleas- 
ant  e'lureh. 

On  leaving  the  academy  he  went  to  a  theological 
school  at  a  place  called  High  Hills,  in  Sumter  Dis 
trict,  the  commencement  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary  now  at  Louisville.  Kv.,  where 
he  remained  two  years,  and  in  the  sprinir  of  1S35 
he  entered  Columbian  College,  in  the  District  of 
Columbia,  where  he  graduated  in  1837. 

After  his  graduation  he  went  to  Augusta,  Ga., 
where  he  was  ordained,  probably  in  1S3S.  He  re 
moved  to  Florida  as  early  as  IS.0/)  or  ls4<),  and 
located  at  Madison  Court-House,  and  from  that 
time  till  his  death,  in  1S7S,  lie  labored  mainlv  in 
what  is  called  "  Middle  Florida."  occasionally  cross 
ing  the  line  into  Georgia. 

For  meekness,  prudence,  and  humility  he  was 
hardly  ever  excelled  and  not  often  equaled. 


lie  was  a  very  earnest  minister,  and  the  people 
loved  to  hear  him.  His  style  of  preaching  was 
very  instructive.  He  was  a  leader  in  all  moral, 
religious,  and  denominational  works,  and  he  fre 
quently  presided  over  Associations  and  Conven 
tions.  In  Hamilton.  Columbia.  Madison.  Jeffer 
son,  and  other  counties  he  did  a  grand  work  for 
Jesus  and  for  his  beloved  denomination.  The 
Florida  Association,  with  which  he  was  chiefly 
identified,  is  going  to  erect  a  monument  over  his 
grave. 

Cooper,  Rev.  W.  H.,  of  Fort  Gaines.  Ga., 
though  a  young  man,  is  one  of  the  most  useful 
and  hard-working  Baptist  ministers  in  the  State. 
His  father  came  from  England  in  I  S3"),  and  after 
various  removals  settled  in  Lee  Co..  Ga..  in  1S40, 
where  his  son  was  born.  Jan.  15,  !S4l2.  Mr.  Cooper 
was  educated  at  Penfield.  in  both  the  literary  and 
theological  departments  of  Mercer  University.  He 
united  with  the  Palmyra  church  in  his  seventeenth 
year,  was  ordained  in  his  twenty-third  year,  and 
be^an  a  succession  of  very  prosperous  pastorates 
in  Southwestern  Georgia.  Moving  to  Fort  Gaines 
in  1S7S,  he  lias  since  that  time  served  the  churches 
in  that  place  and  at  Cuthbert. 

He  has  engaged  much  in  teaching;  was  for  three 
years  school  commissioner  of  Dougherty  County, 
and  has  for  years  been  president  of  the  Bethel 
Sunday-School  Association,  and  an  ardent  worker 
in  the  Sunday-school.  Perhaps  no  white  man  in 
Georgia  is  more  highly  esteemed  by  the  colored 
people,  or  has  a  more  healthy  influence  among 
them.  At  the  earnest  request  of  the  ministers  and 
laymen  of  the  Fowl  Town  (colored)  Association, 
he  lias  for  years  acted  as  their  clerk,  giving  them 
the  benefit  of  his  services  and  experience. 

Mr.  Cooper  is  an  amiable  and  well-informed  iren- 
tleman  and  a  good  preacher,  lit;  is  a  zealous,  pious 
worker,  and  stands  high  in  the;  estimation  of  his 
denomination.  Notwithstanding  the  constant  pain 
and  inconvenience  he  endures  from  the  stump  of 
an  arm,  lost  during  the  war,  he  has  made  an  en 
viable  record  for  himself. 

.  Corbley,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  England  in 
1733.  and  emigrating  to  this  country,  became  a 
minister  in  Virginia.  The  violence  of  persecution 
drove  him  from  the  "Old  Dominion"  in  17'iS  into 
the  southwestern  portion  of  Pennsylvania,  then  a 
mere  wilderness.  Here  he  assisted  in  planting 
churches.  John  Sutton.  a  native  of  Xew  Jersey, 
faithfully  co-operated  with  him.  In  1 775  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Goshen  church  on  Biii  Whitely  Creek, 
Greene  Co.  Richly  endowed  both  by  nature  and 
grace;,  his  ministry  was  one  of  great  success.  But 
in  the  midst  of  his  joys  he  was  called  to  drink  the 
cup  of  sorrow  in  the  loss  of  his  wife  and  five  chil 
dren,  all  of  whom  were  killed  by  the  Indians  on  a 
Sabbath  morning  while  on  their  way  to  the  house 


CORCORAN 


CORCORAN 


of  God.  No  name  is  more  venerated  in  the  south 
western  portion  of  the  State  than  the  name  of  this 
brother.  A  numerous  progeny  has  sprung  from 
the  only  surviving  daughter,  who,  though  scalped 
by  thi1  Indians  and  left  for  dead,  was  mercifully 
brought  back  to  life,  brother  Corbh-v  lived  to 
attain  the  age  of  seventy,  dying,  greatly  lamented, 
in  ISOU.  " 'I'he  nii'iuorv  of  the  just  is  blessed.'' 

Corcoran,  William  Wilson,  LL.D.,  was  born 
in  Georgetown,    D.  ('..    Dee.  27,    17'JS.     His  father 


WILLIAM    WILSON"    CORCORAN,    LL.D. 

was  Thomas  Corcoran,  a  native  of  Ireland,  who 
settled  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  engaged  in  business 
there.  In  17S7  he  removed  to  Georgetown,  where 
he  resided  until  his  death,  in  1830,  holding  the 
office  of  mayor  of  the  town  for  many  years,  and 
highly  esteemed  by  the  entire  community.  One  of 
his  two  daughters  married  the  Rev.  Dr.  S.  P.  Hill, 
of  Washington,  I).  C.  Mr.  W.  W.  Corcoran  first 
engaged  in  the  dry-goods  business,  and  afterwards 
in  the  commission  business.  From  1828  to  1836 
he  was  in  charge  of  the  real  estate  of  the  Bank  of 
Columbia,  and  of  the  branch  of  the  United  States 
Bank  at  Washington.  From  1836  to  1854  he  was 
in  the  exchange  business.  Subsequently  to  1840, 
Mr.  Corcoran,  in  connection  with  Mr.  G.  W.  Iliggs, 
became  one  of  the  most  successful  financial  men 
of  the  country,  and  negotiated  all  the  large  loans 
of  the  government  during  the  Mexican  war.  These 
great  burdens  were  carried  with  such  ability  as  not 
only  to  relieve  the  government  from  all  embarrass 
ment,  but  also  to  insure  to  the  negotiator  the  re 
muneration  to  which  his  financial  skill  so  justly 
entitled  him.  In  1835,  Mr.  Corcoran  married  the 


accomplished  daughter  of  Commodore  Morris,  who 

lived,  however,  only  five  years  after  their  marriage, 
dying,  in  1840,  of  a  pulmonary  affection,  and  leav 
ing  an  only  child,  Louise.  Fn  IS.V.I.  Miss  Louise 
Corcoran  was  united  in  marriage  to  the  Hon. 
George  Kustis,  a  member  of  Congress  from  Lou 
isiana  ;  but  the  daughter,  like  the  mother,  survived 
her  marriage  only  a  few  years,  dying  in  Cannes, 
France,  in  1867,  of  the  same  disease.  These  sad 
bereavements  in  his  home,  instead  of  turning  the 
genial  nature  of  Mr.  Corcoran  into  a  gloomv  and 
isolating  moroseness,  only  opened  more  widely  the 
many  channels  through  which  his  beneficence  had 
before  been  bestowed  upon  the  needy.  Of  his  pri 
vate  benefactions  this  is  not  the  place  to  write, 
even  if  we  were  sufficiently  familiar  with  them  ; 
but  many  an  aching  heart  and  many  a  saddened 
home  have  been  made  glad  by  the  unexpected  sun 
shine  which  has  streamed  in  upon  them  from  his 
generous  gifts.  It  is  as  a  public  benefactor  that 
AVC  now  speak  of  him. 

In  1847,  Mr.  Corcoran  purchased  in  Georgetown 
the  land  that  is  now  known  as  Oak  Hill  Cemetery, 
a  beautiful  spot  commanding  a  view  of  the  city  and 
the  surrounding  countrv.  and  having  expended 
upon  it  about  $120,000  in  architectural  and  floral 
decorations,  he  presented  it  to  his  native  town.  In 
1857  he  began  the  erection  of  a  beautiful  Temple 
of  Art,  situated  near  the  President's  House,  on 
which  he  lavished  about  $300.000 :  in  addition  to 
which  he  added  a  fund  of  over  $880.000,  an  endow 
ment  yielding  an  annual  income  of  §60,000.  This 
building  was  used  by  the  government  during  the 
war  as  a  depot  for  military  stores,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  contest  it  was  completed  at  a  cost  of  840.000, 
and  conveyed  to  trustees  for  the  benefit  of  the 
city  and  nation.  To  this  rich  gift  he  added  his 
entire  gallery  of  paintings,  statuary,  and  other 
works  of  art,  a  collection  which  for  years  had  drawn 
a  constant  stream  of  visitors  to  his  private  resi 
dence.  One  of  the  choicest  of  his  gifts  is  the 
Louise  Home,  a  beautiful  tribute  to  the  memory 
of  his  wife  and  daughter.  An  imposing  building, 
with  beautiful  surroundings,  and  internal  conven 
iences  such  as  the  wealthiest  could  scarcely  enjoy, 
he  has  erected  it  as  a  home  for  aged  ladies  of  edu 
cation  and  refinement  who,  by  the  reverses  of  for 
tune,  have  been  reduced  from  affluence  to  poverty. 
The  value  of  the  lot  and  the  cost  of  erecting  the 
building  were  about  8200,000,  added  to  which  is  an 
endowment  of  8280,000,  producing  an  annual  in 
come  of  818,000.  He  has  also  given  valuable  land, 
amounting  to  at  least  850,000,  to  the  Washington 
Orphan  Asylum,  as  well  as  smaller  sums  to  six  or 
seven  similar  institutions  in  the  South. 

Mr.  Corcoran  has  also  made  large  contributions 
to  churches  and  colleges.  To  the  theological  sem 
inary  of  the  Diocese  of  Virginia  he  has  given 


COREY 


CORNELIUS 


$10,000;  to  the  Diocese  of  Mississippi,  11,000  acres 
of  land  :  and   to  the     church   of  the  Ascension  in 
\Vashington  City,  of  which  he  is  a  member,  880,000, 
mie-half  of  the  entire  eost  of  the  handsome  church 
edifice  just  erected.     To  the-  Washington  and    Lee 
University  of  Virginia  he  presented  the  "Howard 
Library,''  containing  about  4000  volumes,  the  most 
\aluable  classical  library  in  the  State  of  Virginia. 
•  in   collecting  which    Mr.  Howard,  a  gentleman   of 
eminent   scholastic  attainments,  spent   more    than 
forty  years.     In  addition  to  this  Mr.  Corcoran  made 
the   same    university   a  donation    of  830,000.      He 
lias  given   to  the  University  of  Virginia  85000  for 
its  library,  and  8100.000  to  endow  two  professor 
ships  in   the   same   institution.      Mr.  Corcoran,  al 
though  a  staunch  Episcopalian,  has  been   remark 
ably  generous  to  the  Baptist  denomination.      Soon 
after   the   close   of    the    war    he    presented    to    the 
Columbian  College  the  handsome  building  now  used 
by    the    National    Medical    College    (the     medical 
school  of  the  Columbian   University)  ;  and  within 
the  past  four  or  five  years  he  has  also  given  to  the 
Columbian    University  a  large  tract  of  land  adja 
cent   to   the  city   of    Washington,    and    known  as 
"Trinidad,"    valued   at  $150,000,  the   proceeds  of 
which  are  to  be  devoted  to  the  founding  of  a  scien 
tific  school  of  the  highest  grade.      Large  as   those 
benefactions  are,  they  are  only  a  part  of  what  Mr. 
Corcoran  has  done  for  asylums,  churches,  and  edu 
cational  institutions.     lie  has  long  been  personally 
interested  in  the  prosperity  of  the  Columbian  Uni 
versity,  of  which  his  father  was  an  original  trustee, 
and  of  whose  board   he  is  himself  the  president, 
aiding  not  only  by  his  contributions,  but  also  by 
his  judicious  counsel,  the  various  plans  devised  by 
the  governing  body  for  the  enlargement  and  more 
assured  success  of  the  institution. 

Mr.  Corcoran's  private  life  is  as  pure  and  unos 
tentatious  as  his  public  benefactions  have  been  large 
and  far-reaching, — a  life  truly  honorable  and  with 
out  a  stain. 

Corey,  Rev.  Charles  Henry,  was  born  Dec. 
12,  1834,  at  Xew  Canaan,  New  Brunswick,  Canada. 
He  was  baptized  Feb.  15,  1X52,  at  Petitcodiac.  Xew 
Brunswick.  After  a  short  academic  course  at  the 
Baptist  Seminary  in  Fredericton.  Xew  Brunswick, 
he  entered  Acadia  College,  at  Wolfville,  Nova 
Scotia,  in  1S54,  and  in  1858  graduated  with  the 
highest  honors  of  his  class.  Acadia  College  con-  < 
ferred  upon  him,  in  1861,  the  degree  of  A.M.  After 
completing  his  collegiate  course  he  entered  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  graduated  in 
1861.  In  September  of  this  year  he  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Seabrook,  X.  II., 
where  he  remained  until  Jan.  1,  1804,  at  which 
time  he  resigned  and  entered  the  service  of  the  U.  S. 
Christian  Commission.  He  remained  in  the  field 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  Upon  the  invitation  of 


the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  Mr. 
Corey  went  to  South  Carolina  as  a  missionary  to 
the  freedmen,  and  during  his  residence  there  of  two 
years  he  organized  a  number  of  churches  and  se- 


REV.   CHARLKS    HENKY    CORKY. 

cured  for  them  ministers  of  their  own  race.  In  the 
fall  of  1867  he  was  appointed  principal  of  the  Au 
gusta  Institute,  Augusta,  Ga.,  and  in  1868  was 
selected  to  succeed  X.  Colver,  D.I).,  as  president 
of  the  institution  for  training  colored  preachers 
and  teachers  at  Richmond,  Vu.,  over  which  most 
successful  school  he  still  presides.  Mr.  Corey  has 
been  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  religious  and 
secular  press,  and  during  the  war  wrote  a  very 
interesting  series  of  letters  for  the  Christian  Vis 
itor,  of  St.  .John,  Xew  Brunswick.  His  work  in 
Richmond  has  been  carried  on  with  great  skill  and 
success,  and  is  resulting  in  incalculable  good  both 
to  the  colored  men  and  the  cause  of  Christ. 

Corley,  William,  Esq.,  an  active,  influential, 
and  generous  member  of  the  Vermont  Street  Bap 
tist  church  in  Quincy,  and  one  of  its  deacons,  was 
born  in  New  York  City,  Dec.  27,  1821  ;  he  became 
a  resident  of  Quincy  in  1853.  During  the  years 
1857-61  he  lived  in  St.  Louis,  where  he  experienced 
religion  and  united  with  the  Second  Baptist  church, 
Dr.  Galusha  Anderson,  pastor.  In  1861  he  re 
turned  to  Quincy  and  united  with  the  Vermont 
Street  church,  by  which,  also,  he  was  elected  deacon 
in  1867,  serving  in  that  capacity  until  his  death, 
Feb.  25,  18"5.  He  was  a  zealous  worker,  a  ready 
giver,  and  an  eminently  spiritual  man. 

Cornelius,  Samuel,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Devon- 
port,  England,  in  17'J4.  His  parents  removed  to 


COKXKLL 


2SO 


CORPORATION 


Philadelphia  and  died  while  he  was  a  child,  lie 
hecaine  a  ineinher  of  the  church  under  Dr.  William 
Staughton  early  in  life.  Encouraged  and  instructed 
liv  this  eminent  man  he  commenced  preaching, 
and  was  settled  as  pastor  in  Norfolk,  Ya..  from  INIT 
to  IS:24,  when  In;  succeeded  Dr.  (.'one  as  pastor  in 
Alexandria.  I  hiring  this  fruitful  pastorate  of  thir 
teen  vears,  he  was.  with  Xoah  Davis,  the  originator 
of  what  is  now  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society.  IIo  was  also  an  official  and  hearty  helper 
in  the  early  building  of  the  Columbian  College. 
Afterwards  he  spent  eleven  years  in  pastoral  work 
in  Mount  Holly,  N.  J.,  and  in  agency  service  for 
the  Colonization  Society.  In  IS4S  In;  came  to 
Michigan,  preaching  as  supply  at  Adrian,  as  pas 
tor  at  Troy,  and  in  a  missionary  capacity  at  .Bay 
City  and  elsewhere  while  living  in  Detroit.  At 
different  times  he  performed  much  self-sacrificing 
and  successful  agency  work  for  the  educational  in 
terests  of  the  Convention,  and  became  endeared  to 
the  churches  and  ministry.  His  work  closed  with 
a  useful  pastorate  at  Ann  Arbor.  His  preaching 
was  rich  in  Scripture  truth,  felicitous  in  diction. 
and  abounding  in  proofs  of  culture  and  in  the 
Spirit's  power,  lie  died  in  1870. 

Cornell,  Rev.  Alfred,  was  born  in  Madison  Co., 
X.  Y.,  -July  7,  ISl.'J.  and  was  educated  at  Madison 
University.  In  April.  1S44,  he  was  ordained  at 
Macedon.  Wayne  Co..  X.  Y.  Two  years  later  he 
removed  to  Ionia,  Mich.,  and  served  the  church  in 
that  place  as  its  pastor  till  1SIJ2.  After  four  years  in 
Xorwalk,  O.,  he  was  recalled  to  Ionia.  From  IStitj 
to  Is70  he  was  pastor  in  Smyrna,  from  1S70  to 
IS77  in  Portland.  Since  1S77  he  has  been  chaplain 
of  the  State  prison  in  Ionia.  In  1S4S  and  in  1S4D 
he  was  chaplain  in  the  State  House  of  Represen 
tatives.  He  is  known  among  his  brethren  as  a 
prudent  and  faithful  minister  of  the  gospel. 

Cornwell,  Francis,  A.M.,  was  educated  at 
Emmanuel  College.  Cambridge,  England.  During 
the  tyranny  of  Archbishop  Land  over  the  English 
Church  he  was  torn  from  his  home  in  Marden, 
Kent,  and  lodged  in  Maidstone  jail.  He  offended 
Laud  because  he  objected  to  the  surplice,  kneeling 
at  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  making  the  sign  of  the 
cross  in  baptism.  While  Mr.  Cornwell  was  in 
prison  a  lady  visited  those  in  confinement,  and  in 
conversation  spoke  of  her  doubts  about  infant  bap 
tism  beiriij;  in  the  Scriptures.  Mr.  Cornwell  tried 
to  remove  her  misgivings  by  the  A\  ord  of  God,  but 
failed  to  satisfy  either  her  or  himself.  Mr.  Wilson. 
a  fellow-prisoner,  who  had  listened  to  the  conver 
sation,  informed  Mr.  Cornwell  that  he  always  un 
derstood  that  infant  baptism  was  not  in  the  Scrip 
tures,  that  it  was  a  tradition  handed  down  from 
early  times.  Mr.  Cornwell  recognized  no  religious 
institution  as  possessing  any  right  to  live  unless  it 
was  found  in  the  Bible,  and  he  immediately  began 


to  search  the  Scriptures  thoroughly  for  infant  bap 
tism,  the  result  of  which  wyas  that  he  became  a  Bap 
tist,  and  was  immersed  by  the  Hev.  Win.  Jefferv. 

In  1044.  soon  after  his  adoption  of  Baptist  doc 
trines,  and  before  his  opinions  were  known  to  have 
been  changed,  he  preached  his  celebrated  sermon 
before;  the  clergy  at  the  Cranbrook  "  Visitation.'' 
in  which  he  avowed  his  sentiments  so  boldly  that 
some  were  startled,  and  most  were  indignant:  the 
llev.  Christopher  Blackwood  went  away  to  examine 
the  Scriptures,  and  Mr.  JefFery  in  a  little  time  bap 
tized  him  too. 

He  published  a  work  at  this  time  in  defense  of 
his  new  principles,  called  "Tin;  Vindication  of  the 
Royal  Commission  of  King  Jesus."  In  this  treatise 
he  proved  that  christening  children  is  a  popish 
tradition  and  an  anti-Christian  custom,  contrary  to 
the  commission  given  by  the  Saviour.  He  dedi 
cated  it  to  the  Parliament,  and  had  it  distributed 
at  the  door  of  the  House  of  Commons  to  the  mem 
bers.  It  created  much  excitement  and  some  Avrath. 

He  believed  that  a  true  church  consisted  only  of 
those  who  had  really  repented,  and.  after  putting 
their  trust  in  the  Saviour,  had  been  baptized.  This 
led  him  to  leave  the  state  church  and  gather  a  com 
munity  of  saved  persons  in  the  neighborhood  of  his 
old  fold,  to  whom  he  ministered  with  great  faith 
fulness  as  long  as  he  lived. 

Mr.  Cornwell  was  a  man  of  extensive  erudition. 
Xeal  speaks  of  him  as  ''one  of  the  most  learned 
divines  that  espoused  the  cause  of  the  Baptists." 
This  was  the  opinion  entertained  of  his  scholarship 
wherever  he  was  known.  He  feared  no  mortal  ; 
his  life  was  pure,  his  end  was  peace.  lie  was  the 
author  of  four  works. 

Corporation  and  Test  Acts. — The  Corporation 

Act  says.  '•  In  order  to  perpetuate  the  succession 
in  corporations  in  the  hands  of  persons  well 
affected  to  the  government,  it  is  ordained  that 
every  mayor,  alderman,  common  councilman,  or 
any  other  officer  in  a  corporation,  should  be  obliged, 
besides  the  common  oath  of  allegiance  and  suprem 
acy,  and  a  particular  declaration  against  the  Solemn 
League  and  Covenant,  to  take  an  oath  declaring 
that  it  was  not  lawful,  upon  any  pretense  whatso 
ever,  to  take  arms  against  the  king:  and  that  he 
did  abhor  that  traitorous  position  of  taking  arms 
by  his  authority  against  his  person  or  against  those 
commissioned  by  him."  This  act  became  a  law  in 
1661. 

Xo  dissenter  could  take  this  oath  conscientiously. 
So  that  Baptists  and  all  other  dissenters  were  ex 
cluded  from  every  corporation  in  England. 

The  Test  Act  required  that  "  All  persons  enjoy 
ing  any  office  or  place  of  trust  and  profit  should 
take  the  oaths  of  allegiance  and  supremacy  in 
public  and  open  court,  and  should  also  receive  the 
sacrament  in  some  parish  church,  immediately 


CORROX 


281 


COTTON 


after  divine  service  ;  and  deliver  certificates  signed 
by  the  ministers  and  church  wardens,  attested  by 
the  oaths  of  two  credible  witnesses  and  put  upon 
record."  It  also  required  an  express  denial  of 
transubstantiation  in  the  bread  and  wine  of  the 
Lord's  Supper  after  consecration. 

The  act  received  the  king's  approval  31  arch  29, 
1073.  All  Baptists,  and  all  other  conscientious  non 
conformists,  and  all  true  Catholics  were  excluded 
from  every  corporation  in  England  ;  and  from  every 
office  of  il  trust  and  profit"  under  the  government, 
by  the  Corporation  and  Test  Acts. 

But  these  acts  only  secured  the  orthodoxy  or 
hypocrisy  of  a  person  on  entering  upon  the  duties 
and  privileges  of  his  oflice.  It  had  no  penalties 
fa-  him  if  he  became  a  Baptist  or  a  member  of 
some  other  nonconformist  community  afterwards. 
To  remedy  this  defect,  in  1711  the  Schism  Bill  be 
came  the  law  of  the  land.  This  infamous  act,  com 
manded,  ••  That  if  any  persons  in  office,  who  bv 
the  laws  are  obliged  to  qualify  themselves  bv  re 
ceiving  the  sacrament  or  test,  shall  ever  resort  to 
a  conventicle  or  meeting  of  dissenters  for  religious 
worship,  during  the  time  of  their  continuance  in 
such  office,  they  shall  forfeit  twenty  pounds  for 
every  such  offense,  and  bo  disqualified  for  any 
office  for  the  future  till  they  have  made  oath  that 
the}7  have  entirely  conformed  to  the  church,  and 
have  not  been  at  any  conventicle  for  the  space  of 
a  whole  year."  The  entire  officials  of  the  govern 
ment  must  be  Episcopalians  on  their  appointment, 
and  continue  faithful  to  that  church  under  heavy 
penalties.  In  every  way  our  Baptist  brethren  in 
England  Avere  crippled  :  they  were  branded  with 
infamy,  fined,  imprisoned,  transported,  and  threat 
ened  with  death.  The  Schism  Bill  was  repealed 
in  1718.  But  the  Corporation  and  Test  Acts  dis 
graced  the  statute  book  of  England  till  1S2S. 

Corson,  Hon.  William,  was  born  in  Frederick 
Co.,  Va.,  May  14,  1798.  lie  removed  to  Missouri 
in  1S19.  lie  was  register  of  lands  under  appoint 
ment  from  President  Monroe.  He  removed  from 
Kails  County  to  Palmyra,  where  he  lived  till  his 
death.  lie  was  teller  in  the  bank,  commissioner 
of  lands  for  the  Hannibal  and  St.  Joseph  Railroad. 
U.  S.  mail  agent,  director  in  the  board  of  public 
schools,  and  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  lower 
and  upper  house  of  the  Missouri  Legislature.  He 
was  for  years  moderator  of  Bethel  Association, 
and  helped  to  organi/.e  the  Central  Association  in 
1834,  now  the  General  Association  of  Missouri. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Convention  to  locate 
William  Jewell  College,  and  drew  up  its  charter 
and  petitioned  the  Legislature  for  an  act  of  incor 
poration.  He  was  a  quartermaster  in  the  army. 
from  1862  to  1864.  In  all  public  positions  he  dis 
charged  his  duties  with  honor  to  himself.  No  stain 
rests  upon  his  character.  He  gave  light  in  his 
19 


home  and  in  the  church.  His  energy  overcame  all 
obstacles  and  his  faith  made  him  submissive  to  all 
providences.  The  Bible  was  his  daily  study.  'The 
ministers  found  in  his  family  a  welcome  home. 
He  was  baptized  in  August,  1.819.  in  Virginia.  In 
1820  he  joined  the  Peno  church  in  Pike  Co.,  Mo., 
then  the  Bethel  church  in  Marion  County,  then 
the  church  in  Palmyra.  He  organi/ed  the  Sabbath- 
school  in  Palmyra  in  ls2f>.  lie  died  Xov.  3.  1873, 
aged  seventy-five  years,  five  months,  and  nineteen 
days.  Many  followed  him  to  the  grave.  He  lived 
a  long,  useful,  and  honored  life. 

Cotton,  Hon.  John  H.,  of  Puritan  descent,  was 
born  in  Middletown,  Conn.,  Aug.  2(1,    1778.     lie 


HON.    JOHN     U.   COTTON'. 

received  a  good  English  education.  He  was  mar 
ried  May  30,  1802,  and  early  engaged  in  mercan 
tile  business  ;  after  residing  several  years  in  Catskill 
and  Kortright,  State  of  New  York,  he  removed  to 
Bradford.  Orange  Co..  Vt..  about  the  year  1807. 
He  made  a  public  profession  of  religion  Nov.  11, 
1814.  and  united  with  the  Congregational  church 
in  that  place.  He  was  often  elected  to  offices  of 
honor  and  trust,  having  represented  the  town  in 
the  State  Legislature  five  years,  from  1814  to  1 8  IS, 
and  was  town  clerk  from  1816  to  1820  ;  was  at  one 
time  a  member  of  the  governor's  council,  and  was 
chosen  Presidential  elector.  While  residing  in 
Bradford  he  was  appointed  associate  judge  of  the 
County  Court. 

In  1820,  having  been  elected  by  the  Legislature 
superintendent  of  the  Vermont  State  prison,  located 
at  Windsor,  he,  with  his  family,  in  December,  re 
moved  to  that  place  ;  to  this  office  he  was  re-elected 


COTLSTON 


282 


COURTXKY 


t 
sixteen    consecutive  years.      Having  become,  from  j 

thorough  conviction,  a  believer  in  the  doctrines  and  { 
ordinances   held   bv    tlie    Baptist   denomination,  lie 
was  baptized  bv  the  Rev.  Leland    Howard,  May  f>,  j 
1822,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Wind-  1 
sor.     Within  a  lew  years  IK;  was  elected  a  deacon  of 
that  church,  and   after  the  death  of  Aimer  Forbes,   I 
in   1S2S.  he  became   the,  senior  deacon,  which   posi 
tion  he  held    until   his  death,  which   occurred  May 
I,    1S.">0.      He    held    the    honorable    ollice    of    vice- 
president  of  the  American    Baptist    Home   Mission 
Societv  from  ]s:;i  to  184.'5.      lie  was  a  very  decided 
Christian,    and    ever    exerted    a    strong     religious 
influence,   not  onlv   on   his  own   family,    but   with 
the  public  at  large. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  S.  S.  Cutting,  who  knew  him  well, 
writes  as  follows:  "The  Hon.  .John  II.  Cotton 
brought  with  him  to  Windsor  a  very  high  reputa 
tion  for  intelligence  and  moral  worth,  and  this 
reputation  he  maintained  for  the  long  period  of  his 
later  life.  From  the  time  he  came  into  the  Baptist 
church  in  1S22,  a  high  position  was  accorded  to 
him  by  a  spontaneous  recognition  of  his  fitness  to 
sustain  it.  In  him,  and  in  his  compeer.  Gen. 
Forbes,  the  church  had  deacons  who  seemed  born 
to  the  office,  so  complete  were  their  qualifications 
for  its  dignities  and  its  duties.  They  were  never 
absent  from  their  places  on  the  Sabbath,  and  meet 
ings  for  conference  and  prayer  without  them  would 
have  seemed  unnatural  and  unsatisfactory.  In 
such  meetings  Judge  Cotton  uniformly  took  part, 
always  listened  to  with  attention  in  talking  of  the 
Scriptures,  or  of  the  experience  of  Christian  life. 
He  was  recognized  as  a  leading  citizen  of  the  town, 
at  a  time  when  it  was  distinguished  by  the  number 
of  its  men  of  ability  and  standing.  His  honor 
was  unsullied.  He  was  a  man  of  dignified  bear 
ing,  whose  presence  rebuked  trifling,  and,  though 
never  austere,  his  manner  was  always  that  of  a 
man  whose  life  was  given  to  serious  purposes,  under 
a  high  responsibility.  He  lived  among  men  as  one 
who  fulfilled  his  daily  duties  by  serving  well  his 
God  and  his  generation." 

Collision,  Rev.  Thomas  P.,  was  born  in  Phila 
delphia,  Nov.  30,  1833;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Ben 
jamin  Griffith,  D.D.,  into  the  fellowship  of  the  New 
Market  Street  (Fourth)  church,  Philadelphia,  in 
1853;  graduated  with  first  honors  from  the  uni 
versity  at  Lewisbnrg  in  1850,  and  subsequently 
pursued  theological  studies  at  Lewisburg  and  Ham 
ilton,  N.  Y.  ;  was  ordained  by  the  Fourth  church, 
Philadelphia,  in  1862,  and  settled  with  the  Frank- 
ford  church,  Philadelphia,  where  he  has  continued 
in  faithful  service  to  the  present  time. 

Mr.  Coulston  is  a  man  of  quiet  and  unassuming 
manners,  of  fervent  piety,  and  possessed  of  an  in 
nate  fondness  for  metaphysical  research.  His  ser 
mons  and  writings  are  masterly  and  striking  speci 


mens  of  intellectual  vigor  and  devout  loyalty  to  the 
truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus. 

Council,  An  Ecclesiastical. — This  body  claims 

no  authority  over  anv  church,  or  an  individual 
member  of  any  church.  It  is  in  every  case  ml- 
rifinri/,  and  onlv  (tt/rixnri/.  It  is  commonly  com 
posed  of  the  pastor  and  two  laymen  from  a  certain 
number  of  churches.  In  large  cities  it  is  not 
unusual  to  invite  all  the  churches  to  send  dele 
gates  to  a  council,  even  though  there  may  be  fifty 
churches  represented.  But  in  such  great  centres 
of  Baptist  strength  frequently  not  more  than  ten 
or  twelve  churches  are  called  to  a  council.  There 
is  no  law  fixing  the  number  of  churches  necessary 
to  form  such  advisory  bodies.  We  have  occupied 
a  seat  in  a  council  in  which  onlv  three  churches 
had  messengers.  It  was  a  perfectly  orderly  body, 
but  its  decisions  could  not  command  the  respect 
which  would  have  been  freely  accorded  if  its  mem 
bership  had  been  ten  times  larger.  A  council  is 
commonly  called  by  a  church,  but  it  may  be  sum 
moned  by  individuals,  or  by  one  person.  Attend 
ance  is,  of  course,  voluntary. 

When  there  is  a  difficulty  among  the  members 
of  a  church,  a  mutual  council  is  generally  invited 
to  give  its  advice.  Such  a  body  is  composed  of 
brethren,  an  equal  number  of  whom  is  selected  by 
each  party  to  the  controversy.  And  this  wise 
course  is  often  followed  after  the  minority  has 
been  excluded,  under  the  conviction  that  a  just 
cause  loses  nothing  by  a  careful  examination  from 
a  fair  jury. 

An  ex-part e  council,  chosen  by  one  portion  of 
the  disputants,  as  the  name  intimates,  ought  never 
to  be  called  unless  it  is  impossible  to  secure  a  mu 
tual  body.  Such  a  meeting  of  brethren  must  form 
a  judgment  under  many  disadvantages  ;  and  yet, 
when  wisely  selected,  ex-parte  councils  are  useful. 

A  council  may  be  summoned  from  a  distance,  or 
from  the  neighborhood  where  its  advice  is  desired. 
In  a  bitter  strife  it  is  occasionally  wise  to  secure 
the  opinions  of  brethren  who  have  no  local  preju 
dices  to  fetter  their  judgments. 

The  action  of  a  council  is  necessary  in  the  or 
dination  of  a  minister  among  American  Baptists. 
A  church  calls  it  for  this  purpose  and  delegates 
to  it  this  service.  Where  a  church  is  formed,  a 
council  is  always  called  to  recognize  it.  Councils 
are  often  convened  to  give  advice  about  church  and 
individual  troubles.  English  Baptists  have  no 
councils. 

Courtney,  Rev.  Ezra,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Louisiana,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1771. 
Living  in  Misssissippi,  he  preached  as  early  as 
1804  in  Eastern  Louisiana,  then  West  Florida,  and 
under  Spanish  rule  ;  he  settled  in  East  Feliciana 
Parish  in  1814.  lie  was  an  efficient  and  popular 
preacher,  often  elected  moderator  of  the  Missis- 


COURTNEY 


283 


COVENANT 


sippi  Association  and  other  bodies  of  which  lie  was 
a  member;  and  lie  continued  his  labors  until  dis 
abled  by  age.  lie  died  in  1855. 

Courtney,  Rev.  Franklin,  M.D.,  was  born  in 
Virginia  in  1812.     After  receiving  a  classical  edu- 


RF.V.    FKAXKI.IX    COURTNEY,    M.D. 

cation  ho  began  the.  study  of  medicine,  and  was 
graduated  by  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1833.  Shortly  afterwards  he  settled  in  Alabama  to 
pursue  his  profession.  He  began  to  preach  in  1845, 
about  which  time  he  went  to  Arkansas,  and  became 
pastor  at  Eldorado.  In  1853  he  removed  to  Mount 
Lebanon,  La.,  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine 
there,  and  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  church. 
He  has  often  been  elected  moderator  of  lied  River 
Association,  and  vice-president  of  the  State  Con 
vention  ;  filled  the  chair  of  Theology  for  a  time  in 
Mount  Lebanon  University  ;  was  long  the  editor  of 
the  Louisiana  Baptist,  and  editorial  contributor  to 
the  Memphis  Baptist ;  a  forcible  speaker,  a  pungent 
writer,  an  active  Sunday-school  worker  and  pro 
moter  of  missions. 

Covenant,  A  Church.— All  our  older  churches 
have  "covenants,"  and  most  of  those  of  later  origin 
have  followed  the  example  of  their  fathers,  though 
some  have  neither  Articles  of  Faith  nor  church 
covenants.  The  covenant  is  a  solemn  obligation 
taken  by  each  member  of  a  church  to  perform 
certain  religious  duties,  as  the  following  will  show  : 

CHURCH    COVENANT. 

First.  We  believe  that  the  Holy  Scriptures  were 
given  by  inspiration  of  God,  and  that  they  are  the 
only  certain  rule  of  faith  and  practice. 


Second.  Whereas  various  interpretations  of  the 
Sacred  Word  have  been  given  by  different  denomi 
nations  of  professed  Christians,  we  hereby  declare 
that  the  foregoing  Articles  of  Faith  (the  covenant 
follows  the  articles)  express  our  views  of  the  mean 
ing  of  the  Word  of  God,  which  Holy  Word  we 
promise  to  search  diligently  and  to  make  the  man 
of  our  counsel. 

Third.  We  agree  to  contribute  towards  the  sup 
port  of  the  worship  of  (.Joil  in  our  own  church,  and 
to  spread  the  knowledge  of  Jesus  in  our  own 
country  and  throughout  the  world  according  to  our 
ability. 

Fourth.  We  hereby  covenant  and  agree  to  walk 
in  love  and  to  live  in  peace,  to  sympathize  with 
each  other  under  all  conditions  and  circumstances 
in  life,  to  pray  with  and  for  one  another,  and  to 
exhort  and  stir  up  each  other  unto  every  good  word 
and  work. 

Fifth.  We  solemnly  promise,  by  the  assistance 
of  the  Holy  Spirit,  to  watch  over  each  other  with 
all  kindness  and  Christian  affection  ;  not  suffering 
sin  to  rest  upon  a  brother,  but  as  far  as  God  in  his 
providence  shall  make  it  known  to  us,  we  will,  in 
all  cases  of  offense,  take  our  Lord's  direction  in  the 
18th  chapter  of  Matthew,  which  says,  ''Moreover, 
if  thy  brother  shall  trespass  against  thee,  go  and 
tell  him  his  fault  between  thee  and  him  alone  ;  if 
he  shall  hear  thee,  tliou  hast  gained  thy  brother. 
But  if  he  will  not  hear  thee,  then  take  with  thee 
one  or  two  more,  that  in  the  mouth  of  two  or  three 
witnesses  every  word  may  be  established.  And  if 
he  shall  neglect  to  hear  them,  tell  it  unto  the 
church  :  but  if  he  neglect  to  hear  the  church,  let 
him  be  unto  thee  as  an  heathen  man  and  a  pub 
lican."  And  we  will  urge  our  utmost  endeavors  to 
maintain  a  scriptural  discipline  in  the  church. 

Sixth.  Moreover,  we  covenant  to  meet  on  the  first 
day  of  the  week  for  public  worship,  and  to  fill  up 
our  places  at  all  the  appointed  meetings  of  the 
church,  as  God  shall  give  us  health  and  opportunity. 
All  and  each  of  these  duties  we  freely  and  most 
solemnly  promise  (by  the  assistance  of  the  great 
Head  of  the  church)  to  observe,  until  we  are 
planted  in  the  glorious  church  above. — AMEN. 

Covenant  Meetings. — Before  the  monthly  cel 
ebration  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  in  many  parts  of 
our  country,  a  meeting  is  held  for  the  members  of 
the  church,  where  they  relate  briefly  their  religious 
experience  and  renew  their  covenant  with  God  and 
with  each  other.  After  the  devotional  exercises  at 
the  commencement  of  the  service  are  over,  the  pas 
tor  relates  such  of  God's  dealings  with  his  soul  as 
in  his  judgment  it  is  proper  to  communicate,  then 
others  follow,  commonly  in  the  order  in  which  they 
are  seated,  beginning  at  the  right  or  left  of  the 
pastor,  and  continuing  until  the  end  of  the  opposite 
side  is  reached.  In  these  meetings  the  sisters  speak 


COVEY 


CRAIG 


us  well  as  the  brethren.  Xo  one  is  obliged  to  utter 
;i  word.  In  some  sections  of  our  country  covenant 
meetings  arc  unknown.  Where  they  are  held  they 
are  regarded  as  eminently  profitable.  They  are 
<renerally  observed  on  the  Saturday  before  the 
Lord's  Supper  is  Celebrated. 

Covey,  J.  N.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Madison  Co., 
N.  V..  Feb.  11.  IMM  ;  educated  at  Madison  I'ui- 
versitv.  X.  Y.,  receiving  his  A.B.,  A.M.,  and  D.D. 
IVoin  his  tihna  imiler ;  ordained  at  Lebanon,  Tenn., 
1S47,  U.  B.C.  llowell  preaching  the  ordination  ser 
mon  :  raised  the  funds  for  the  building  of  the  female 
college  at  Brownsville.  Tenn.  :  president  of  Camp 
bell  Academy,  Lexington.  Tenn..  and  Masonic  Col 
lege,  Palestine.  Texas  :  founded  Concrete  College, 
De  Witt  Co.,  Texas;  has  been  its  president,  and 
pastor  of  the  church,  at  its  location,  for  fourteen 
years. 

Cox,   Francis  Augustus,  D.D.,   LL.D.,  AVRS 

born  at  Leighton  Biu/.ard,  Bedfordshire.  England, 
in  IT'.K!.  He  was  an  only  son,  and  inherited  a  con 
siderable  property.  His  family  had  for  a  long 
time  been  connected  with  the  Baptist  church  of  his 
native  town,  and  lie  therefore  grew  up  under  favor 
able  religious  influences,  which  led  him  in  early 
life  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry.  When 
about  eighteen  years  old  he  was  admitted  to  Bris 
tol  College,  then  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  lly- 
land.  On  the  completion  of  his  studies  lie  went  to 
Edinburgh  University,  and  at  the  expiration  of  the 
regular  course  took  his  degree.  On  the  4th  of 
April,  1S04,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Clipstone.  Northamptonshire,  a  service  in  which 
Andrew  Fuller,  Joseph  Snteliffe,  and  Robert  Hall 
participated.  His  ministry  was  very  successful  for 
several  years.  On  the  failure  of  Mr.  Hall's  health, 
he  was  invited  to  supply  the  pulpit  of  the  church 
at  Cambridge,  and  arranged  to  do  so  for  twelve 
months.  Xo  permanent  engagement  resulted,  and 
Mr.  Cox  returned  to  Clipstone.  Soon  afterwards 
lie  resigned  his  charge,  and  at  length  accepted  an 
invitation  to  settle  at  Hackney,  London,  in  Octo 
ber,  1S11.  The  congregation  being  large,  a  new 
meeting-house  was  erected  in  Mare  Street,  and 
opened  in  the  following  year.  With  this  charge 
he  continued  the  remainder  of  his  life,  a  period 
of  nearly  forty-two  years.  During  the  last  six 
years  of  his  ministry  the  Rev.  Daniel  Katterns, 
the  present  pastor,  was  happily  associated  with 
him  as  co-pastor.  Throughout  the  greater  part 
of  this  long  career  he  took  a  leading  place  among 
the  English  Baptists,  especially  identifying  him 
self  with  public  movements  and  philanthropic  en 
terprises,  general  and  denominational.  lie  took 
a  lively  interest  in  the  foreign  mission  :  promoted 
the  formation  of  the  Baptist  Irish  Society;  for 
three  years  he  was  the  secretary  to  the  General 
Body  of  Dissenting  Ministers  of  the  three  denomi 


nations  in  London  ;  and  he  assisted  at  the  formation 
of  the  Anti-State-Church  Association,  now  known 
as  the  Liberation  Society.  His  literary  labors  were 
considerable.  He  aided  in  the  starting  and  direc 
tion  of  the  Baptist  M~u<jazine;  was  one  of  the  (bun- 
dors  of  University  College,  London,  and  its  librarian 
for  some  time.  A  variety  of  works,  including  the 
well-known  "  History  of  the  Baptist  Missionary 
Society,"  "  Female  Scripture  Biography,"  and  the 
•'  Life  and  Times  of  Melancthon."  proceeded  from 
his  ever-ready  pen.  In  1824  he  took  part  in  a  con 
troversy  concerning  Scripture  baptism  with  Drs. 
Dwiidit.  Ewing,  and  Wardlaw,  and  ably  maintained 
his  denominational  principles.  At  the  request  of 
the  Baptist  Union  he  visited  this  country  with  Dr. 
Ilobv,  as  a  deputation  from  the  English  Baptists, 
in  IS:],"),  and  wrote  subsequently  a  narrative  o[  the 
visit.  He  received  degrees  from  Waterville  and 
from  Glasgow  University,  and  was  held  in  high  es 
teem  by  a  very  large  circle  of  his  contemporaries, 
as  well  without  as  within  his  own  denomination. 
He  died  Sept.  f>.  1S53,  aged  seventy  years.  His 
genial  manners,  graceful  courtesy,  and  practical 
wisdom  gave  him  a  wide  influence,  which  was  ever 
consecrated -to  the  service  of  his  brethren  and  the 
promotion  of  the  gospel  in  the  world. 

Coxe,  Benjamin,  M.A.,  was  educated  at  either 
Oxford  or  Cambridge.  After  he  graduated  he  re 
ceived  episcopal  ordination,  and  for  a  considerable 
period  he  was  a  follower  of  the  Romish  Arminian- 
ism  of  Archbishop  Laud.  By  the  grace  of  God  his 
heart  was  changed  and  his  mind  enlightened,  and 
he  became  a  strong  Baptist.  He  was  the  son  of  an 
English  lord  bishop  ;  and  he  was  a  man  of  profound 
learning.  His  influence  in  favor  of  Baptists  was 
very  irreat  all  over  his  country.  He  came  to  Co 
ventry  once  to  encourage  the  Baptist  church; 
Richard  Baxter  was  then  chaplain  of  the  garrison 
of  that  town,  and  a  "  dispute  first  by  word  of  mouth, 
then  by  writing,  about  infant  baptism."  took  place 
between  them.  Mr.  Baxter  evidently  had  not  the 
best  part  in  the  controversy  :  for  when  the  cham 
pion  of  the  Baptists  came  again  to  Coventry  lie  was 
arrested,  and  Mr.  Baxter  was  charged  with  using 
this  conclusive  argument  to  quiet  Mr.  Coxe.  The 
Kidderminster  bishop,  while  denying  the  charge, 
felt  the  accusation  so  keenly  that  he  took  steps  to 
secure  his  release,  lie  was  an  old  man  in  1644, 
but  the  time  of  his  death  is  unknown. 

Craig,  Rev.  Elijah,  an  eminent  pioneer  preacher 
of  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  and  brother  of  the 
famous  Lewis  Craig,  was  born  in  Orange  Co..  ^  a.. 
about  the  year  1743.  He  was  awakened  to  a 
knowledge  of  his  lost  estate  under  the  preaching 
of  the  renowned  David  Thomas,  in  1764.  Xext 
year  he  was  encouraged  by  Samuel  Harris  to  hold 
meetings  among  his  neighbors.  This  he  did.  using 
his  tobacco-barn  for  a  meeting-house.  Many  were 


CRAIG 


285 


converted.  In  1766.  Mr.  Craig  went  to  North 
Carolina,  to  get  James  Read  to  come  and  baptize 
him  and  others.  He  was  ordained  in  Mav,  1771, 
at  which  time  he  became  pastor  of  Blue  Run 
church.  Some  time  after  this  he  was  imprisoned  for 
preaching  the  gospel.  In  jail  he  lived  on  rye  bread 
and  water,  and  preached  to  the  people  through  the 
prison  bars.  He  remained  in  Culpepper  jail  one 
month.  After  this  "he  was  honored  with  a  term  in 
Orange  jail."  He  became  one  of  the  most  useful  and 
popular  preachers  in  Virginia.  lie  was  several  times 
sent  as  a  delegate  from  the  General  Association  to 
the  Virginia  Legislature,  to  aid  in  securing  re 
ligious  liberty.  In  1  7<^6  he  removed  to  Scott  Co.. 
Ky.  After  this  he  labored  but  little  in  the  min 
istry.  Being  a  good  business  man.  he  soon  amassed 
a  fortune,  and  was  of  great  value  to  the  new 
country.  He  established  the  first  school  in  which 
the  classics  were  taught,  built  the  first  rope-walk, 
the  first  fulling-mill,  and  the  first  paper-mill  that 
existed  in  Kentucky.  Tie  died  in  1808. 

Craig1,  Hugh  K.,  D.D.,  was  born  Jan.  30, 
1830,  near  Claysville,  Washington  Co..  Pa.  In  Julv. 
1851,  ho  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  Pleas 
ant  drove  church.  He  was  ordained  in  October. 
1854.  For  some  time  he  devoted  himself  chieflv 
to  mission  work  until  1858,  when  he  became  pastor 
of  the  Beulah  Baptist  church,  Greene  Co..  Pa.  In 
1868  he  took  pastoral  charge  of  NVaynesburgh  and 
Bethlehem  churches,  Greene  County.  During  this 
pastorate  he  was  elected  to  the  professorship  of 
Greek  and  Hebrew  in  AVaynesburgh  College.  In 
1^75  he  was  appointed  president  of  the  Mononga- 
hela  College,  Jefferson.  Pa.  ;  and  at  the  same  time 
he  was  chosen  pastor  of  the  Jefferson  Baptist 
church.  In  June,  18SO.  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg  conferred  its  doctorate  of  divinity  upon  him. 
The  president  of  Monongahela  College  is  a  brother 
of  scholarly  attainments,  a  fine  educator,  a  success 
ful  pastor,  and  a  man  of  extensive  influence  for  the 
truth. 

Craig4,  Rev.  John  T.,  was  born  in  Alabama  in 
1810;  studied  medicine  in  1836  and  1837,  and  set 
tled  in  Dallas  Co.,  Ark.,  1838.  He  began  to  preach 
in  1846,  and  labored  efficiently  in  Dallas  and  the 
surrounding  counties,  building  up  several  strong 
churches.  After  the  war  he  settled  at  his  present 
place  of  residence,  New  Edinburgh,  Ark.,  where  he 
gathered  a  church. 

Craig4,  Rev.  Lewis,  a  distinguished  pioneer 
Baptist  preacher  of  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  was 
born  in  Orange  Co.,  Va.,  about  the  year  1737.  lie 
was  first  awakened  by  the  preaching  of  Samuel 
Harris,  about  the  year  1765.  A  great  pressure  of 
guilt  induced  him  to  follow  the  preacher  from  one 
meeting  to  another,  and  after  the  sermon  he  would 
rise  in  tears  and  assert  that  he  was  a  justly  con 
demned  sinner,  and  unless  he  was  born  a^ain  he 


could  not  be  saved.  His  ministry  thus  began  be 
fore  he  had  hope  of  conversion,  and  after  conver 
sion  he  continued  preaching  a  considerable  time 
before  being  baptized:  many  were  led  to  Christ 
under  his  labors.  Soon  alter  his  conversion  and 
before  his  baptism  (there  being  no  ordained  min 
ister  near  to  baptize  him)  lie  was  indicted  "  for 
preaching  the  gospel  contrary  to  law."  The  cele 
brated  John  AValler  Avas  one  of  the  jurors  in  the 
case.  The  pious  and  prudent  deportment  of  Mr. 
Craig  during  the  trial  was  blessed  to  the  conviction 
and  conA'crsion  of  Mr.  AValler.  The  exact  period 
of  Mr.  Craig's  baptism  is  not  known.  He  con 
tinued  preaching  Avith  great  zeal  until  the  4th  of 
June.  1768,  Avhen  beintc  engaged  in  public  wor 
ship,  he  and  John  AValler  and  James  Childs  Avere 
seized  by  the  sheriff  and  brought  before  three 
magistrates  in  the  meeting-house  yard,  who  held 
them  to  bail  in  the  sum  of  £1000  to  appear  before 
the  court  next  day.  They  Avere  required  by  the 
court  to  give  security  not  to  preach  in  the  county 
within  twelve  months.  This  they  refused  to  do, 
and  were  committed  to  jail.  As  they  passed  through 
the  streets  of  Fredericksburg,  from  the  court-house 
to  the  jail,  they  sang  the  hymn  beginning, 

"  Broad  is  the  road  that  leads  to  death." 

During  his  confinement  Mr.  Craig  preached 
through  the  prison  bars  to  large  crowds.  lie  re 
mained  in  jail  a  month  and  Avas  then  released. 
He  immediately  hastened  to  AVilliamsburg,  and 
soon  secured  the  liberation  of  his  companions. 
Their  imprisonment  seemed  only  to  inflame  their 
zeal,  and  they  went  everywhere  preaching  the 
AVord.  Mr.  Craig  was  ordained  and  became  pastor 
of  Upper  Spottsylvania  church  in  November,  1770. 
But  this  did  not  prevent  his  preaching  in  the  sur 
rounding  counties.  In  1771  he  was  again  arrested 
and  imprisoned  for  three  months  in  Caroline  County. 
lie  continued  preaching  with  great  y.eal  and  suc 
cess  until  1781,  when  he  and  a  majority  of  his 
church  moved  to  Kentucky.  Tie  located  on  Gil 
bert  Creek,  in  Avhat  is  now  Garrard  County,  early 
in  December.  The  next  year  he  gathered  Forks 
of  Dix  River  church  in  the  same  county.  In  1783 
he  and  most  of  Gilbert's  Creek  church  moved  to  the 
north  side  of  Kentucky  River  and  organized  South 
Elkhorn  church,  in  Fayette  County.  Here  he  re 
mained  about  nine  years,  laboring  zealously  in  all 
the  surrounding  country.  A  number  of  churches 
were  founded,  and  Elkhorn  Association  was  formed 
Oct.  1,  1785.  About  1792  he  moved  to  Bracken 
Co..  Ky.  Here  he  formed  several  churches,  and 
"  became  in  a  manner  the  father  of  Bracken  Asso 
ciation."  About  the  year  1828  "  he  died  suddenly, 
of  which  he  was  forewarned,  saying,  '  I  am  going  to 
such  a  house  to  die,'  and  with  solemn  joy  went  on 
to  the  place,  and  with  little  pain  left  the  world." 


CHAVI! 


CRANE 


Cramb,  Rev.  A.  B,,  was  born  in  Weare,  X.  II., 
Jan.  2,  1827.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  the  family 
removed  to  Illinois,  settling  in  Woodford  County, 
near  Metamora.  At  sixteen  he  experienced  re 
ligion,  and  the  year  following  entered  Shurtleff 
College.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1848,  and 
ontered  upon  service  at  once.  Oct.  13,  1849,  In; 
was  ordained  at  Richland.  His  principal  pastorates 
were  Metamora,  111.,  and  St.  Cloud,  .Minn.  His 
health,  however,  began  to  fail  early  in  his  minis 
try,  and  all  efforts  to  re-establish  it  being  in  vain, 
he  died  at  Metamora,,  Feb.  .19,  1857,  at  the  age  of 
thirty.  He  was  a  young  man  of  uncommon 
promise.  His  contributions  to  the  denominational 
press  were  highly  valued,  while  as  a  preacher  he 
bad  excited  expectations  of  high  usefulness.  His 
death  thus  early  in  bis  career  was  an  occasion  of 
widely-felt  sorrow. 

Cramp,  John  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  England, 
July  125,  1790 ;  baptized  by  his  father  Sept.  13, 


JOHN     M.   CRAMP,    D.I). 

1812:  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church.  Dean 
Street,  London,  May  7,  1818;  was  from  1827  to 
ls40  associated  with  his  father  in  the  care  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  St.  Peter's,  Isle  of  Thanet :  be 
came  in  1840  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Has 
tings,  Sussex;  took  charge  in  1844  of  the  Baptist 
college,  Montreal,  Canada;  became  president  of 
Acadia  College,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1851,  and  retired 
in  1869  from  that  position.  Dr.  Cramp  has  pub 
lished  "  A  Text-Book  of  Popery  ;"  also  a  Baptist 
history  and  "  Paul  and  Christ."  Dr.  Cramp's  the 
ology  is  sound,  his  labors  have  been  abundant,  and 
his  influence  and  usefulness  have  been  very  great 


in  the  maritime  provinces.      He  is  also  widely  and 
favorably  known  in  the  I  nited  States,  in  which  his 
works  have  been  extensively  circulated. 
Crandall,  Rev.  David,  the  son  of  Rev.  Joseph 

Crandall.  was  born  in  1798  in  New  Brunswick, 
Canada,  where  he  was  converted  and  baptized.  lie 
was  ordained  January,  ]8;>1  ;  shared  largely  in  the 
missionary  spirit  of  his  venerable  father,  and, 
though  a  pastor,  did  much  work  as  an  evangelist 
in  his  native  province  ;  his  labors  have  resulted  in 
much  spiritual  good.  He  resides  at  Springfield, 
New  Brunswick. 

Crandall,  Rev.  Joseph,  one  of  the  founders 
and  fathers  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the 
maritime  provinces  of  Canada,  was  born  in  Nova 
Scotia,  and  converted  under  a  sermon  by  Rev. 
Joseph  Dimock  at  Harris  Harding' s  ordination, 
Sept.  10,  1794,  at  Onslow,  Nova  Scotia:  Oct.  8, 
1799,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
just  formed  at  Sackville,  New  Brunswick.  His 
evangelistic  labors  at  Sackville,  Salisbury,  and 
other  portions  of  Westmoreland,  Albert,  and  King's 
Counties,  up  the  river  St.  John,  and  in  the  northern 
counties  of  New  Brunswick,  were  abundant,  and 
attended  with  the  blessing  of  God.  In  1825  he 
evangelized  in  Prince  Edward's  Island.  Mr.  Cran 
dall  was  deep  in  Christian  experience,  a  sound 
theologian,  an  eloquent  and  a  useful  preacher  of 
the  gospel.  His  ministry  exerted  a  powerful  in 
fluence  in  building  up  the  Baptist  denomination, 
especial] v  in  New  Brunswick.  He  died  Feb.  20, 
1858,  aged  eighty-six  years. 

Crandall,  Rev.  Peter,  brother  of  Rev.  Joseph 
Crandall,  entered  the  ministry  in  1800:  became 
pastor  of  Digby  Neck  church,  Nova  Scotia,  in  ]Nl)9  ; 
visited  Briar  Island  in  1819,  preaching  there  with 
great  success  and  baptizing.  Preached  for  nearly 
thirty  years  on  Digby  Neck,  Briar  Island,  and 
Long  Island.  He  was  earnest  in  the  ministry  of 
the  gospel  and  mighty  in  prayer.  Died  April  2, 
183S  in  the  sixty-ninth  year  of  his  age. 

Crane,  Cephas  B.,  D.D.,  son  of  Rev.  W.  J. 
Crane,  was  born  in  Marion,  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y., 
March  28,  1833.  He  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Rochester  in  the  class  of  1858,  and  at  the  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary  in  1860.  In  October,  1800, 
he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  South  Baptist  church, 
Hartford.  Conn.,  and  remained  there  nearly  eigh 
teen  years.  In  April,  1878,  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston, 
where  he  is  now  laboring.  Rochester  University 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di 
vinity  in  1808. 

Crane,  James  C.,  was  born  in  Newark,  N.  J.. 
Sept.  7,  1803.  He  was  the  youngest  brother  of 
William  Crane,  and  from  his  boyhood  to  his  death 
was  associated  with  him  in  business,  and  one  with 
him  in  all  the  great  and  noble  enterprises  which 


CRANE 


287 


CRANE 


occupied  the  hand  and  heart  of  the  older  brother. 
His  early  education  was  limited,  and  yet,  like  his 
brother,  he  became  a  man  of  very  varied  and  ac 
curate  information.  He  was  a  leader  in  every  re- 


CEIMIAS    If.   CRANK,    D.D. 


ligious  and  philanthropic  enterprise.    As  a  business 
man  neither  Richmond  nor  Baltimore  ever  saw  his 


JAMES    ('.    CKANK. 


superior  in  accuracy,  dispatch,  or  integrity.  He 
was  an  excellent  vocalist,  and  had  natural  gifts  as 
a  speaker.  He  filled  successfully,  and  for  a  long 


series  of  years,  the  offices  either  of  clerk,  secretary, 
treasurer,  or  moderator  of  the  Dover  Association 
and  the  General  Association  of  Virginia.  He  was 
a  model  Sunday-school  superintendent.  He  was  a 
Christian  merchant  and  made  money  to  do  good 
with  it.  His  pastors,  I).  Roper,  J.  B.  Taylor,  J.  B. 
Jeter,  B.  Manly.  Jr.,  and  J.  L.  Burrows  regarded 
him  as  no  ordinary  deacon,  and  when  he  died  Dr. 
Burrows  took  for  the  text  of  his  funeral  discourse, 
;'  And  he  will  be  missed,  for  his  seat  will  be  empty." 
One  son  survives  him.  He  died  March  31.  1856, 
in  Richmond,  Va.,  where  he  had  lived  about  forty 
vears.  A  brief  and  interesting  memoir  of  him  was 
prepared  and  published  bv  .Dr.  J.  L.  Burrows. 

Crane,  Rev.  Origen,  was  born  in  Mansfield, 
Conn.,  July  26,  1804.  He  connected  himself  with 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  graduated 
in  the  class  of  1826.  Immediately  on  graduation 
he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Second  Baptist  church  in 
Newton,  located  at  Newton  Upper  Falls.  He  was 
the  pastor  of  this  church  three  years,  and  in  1839 
he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  in  Weston,  Mass., 
where  he  remained  thirteen  years.  For  two  or 
three  years  he  was  the  agent  of  the  American  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society.  The  last  years  of  his  life 
were  spent  in  trying  to  help  the  feeble  churches  by 
such  labors  as  his  health  allowed  him  to  perform. 
lie  died  April  20,  I860,  at  New  England  Village, 
Mass. 

Crane,  William,  was  born  in  Newark.  N.  J.,  May 
(5,  1700.  His  great-great-grandfather,  Jasper  Crane, 
was  one  of  the  original  settlers  of  Newark,  and 
its  first  magistrate.  His  great-grandfather,  Axa- 
riah  Crane,  married  Mary  Treat,  daughter  of 
(joy.  Robert  Treat,  who  withstood  Sir  Edmund 
Andross  in  his  demand  for  that  charter  of  the 
colony  which  was  hidden  in  ''  the  Charter  Oak." 
His  father,  Ruf'us  Crane,  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revo 
lutionary  war.  His  mother  was  Charity  Campbell, 
a  descendant  of  Benjamin  Baldwin,  who,  with 
Jasper  Crane,  was  also  one  of  the  original  settlers 
of  Newark.  His  father  lost  his  property  by  the 
Revolutionary  war,  and  he  was  compelled  at  eleven 
years  of  age  to  leave  the  paternal  roof  and  rely  on 
himself,  and  thereafter  was  never  dependent  on 
any  human  being  for  assistance  in  the  affairs  of 
life.  He  learned  a  trade  and  pursued  it  till  twenty- 
one  years  of  age.  In  1811  he  migrated  to  Rich 
mond.  Va.,  and  was  an  eye-witness  of  the  burning 
of  the  Richmond  theatre,  which  destroyed  the  gov 
ernor  of  Virginia  and  many  others.  He  married 
Miss  Lydia  Dorset,  July  9,  1812,  and  after  her  de 
cease,  Sept.  26,  IS.'IO,  married  Miss  Jean  N.  Daniel, 
July  30.  1831.  With  varying  success  and  severe 
reverses  he  prosecuted  his  mercantile  business  in 
Richmond  till  November,  1834,  never  failing  to 
meet  every  financial  obligation.  From  1834  to 
1866  he  carried  on  his  business  in  Baltimore.  Md., 


288 


CRANE 


associated  with  his  In-other,  •James  C.  Crane,  for  a 
large  portion  of  the  time  in  both  cities,  and  with 
liis  sons  An  Irew  Fuller.  -John  Daniel,  and  James 
Conwav  the  latter  i>art  of  his  life,  lie  was  in  all 


W  I  I, [JAM    CRANE. 

respects  a  Christian  merchant,  doing  business  for 
the  honor  of  God  and  with  an  eye  to  his  glory. 
lie  was  converted  under  the  preaching  of  Daniel 
Sharp  and  Edmund  Dorr  Griffin  in  Newark.  X.  J. 
For  a  while  he  was  a  member  of  Dr.  Archibald 
Maclay's  church  in  Xew  York  City.  But  his  life's 
work  was  in  Richmond  and  Baltimore.  He  was 
one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church.  Richmond,  Va.,  and  for  many  years  its 
leading  supporter.  He  was  the  founder  of  the 
Richmond  African  Baptist  Missionary  Society,  from 
which  Lott  Cary  was  induced  to  go  to  Liberia. 
He  taught,  with  David  Roper,  the  first  African 
school  ever  started  in  Richmond.  He  conceived 
the  design,  initiated  the  plan,  accepted  the  first 
draft  of  SGT7  for  outfit  of  the  ReHijious  Herald, 
and  for  three  years  advanced  the  sums  needed  to 
secure  it  the  patronage  necessary  to  give  the  paper 
a  living  support.  These  sums  afterwards  were 
refunded  by  William  Sands  to  his  firm  when  suc 
cess  attended  the  enterprise.  lie  was  one  of  the 
originators  of  Richmond  College  (then  Virginia 
Baptist  Seminary),  and  with  Archibald  Thomas 
purchased  Spring  Farm,  each  giving  SI. 000,  and 
taking  subscriptions  from  others,  in  the  name  of 
Virginia  Baptist  Education  Society,  for  the  bal 
ance.  He  originated  the  idea  of  organizing  Calvert 
Street  church,  Baltimore,  purchased  the  house,  and 
saw  a  flourishing  and  prosperous  church  grow  from 


ten  members  (six  of  whom  were  of  his  own  family), 
and  then  divided,  a  part  to  become  High  Street 
church,  and  another  part,  with  himself  and  family, 
to  amalgamate  with  the  Seventh  church,  under  the 
pastorship  of  Richard  Fuller,  under  who>e  ministry 
lie  lived  for  the  last  twenty-one  years  of  his  life. 
He  labored  zealously  to  establish  Saratoga  Street 
African  Baptist  church,  and  through  all  his  life 
employed  tongue,  pen.  and  purse  to  benefit,  the 
African  race.  In  missions  and  general  benevolence 
he  was  worthy  of  being  the  associate  of  William 
Colgate,  of  Xew  York.  Friend  Humphrey,  of  Al- 
banv.  and  Heman  Lincoln,  of  Boston.  lie  enjoyed 
the  confidence  of,  and  was  co-laborer  in  all  good  en 
terprises  in  Virginia  with,  Robert  B.  Semplc,  James 
B.  Taylor.  Robert  Rvland.  Jeremiah  B.  Jeter,  and 
Abner  W.  Clopton.  and  in  all  Xorthern  organiza 
tions  was  the  trusted  counselor  and  co-worker  with 
Spencer  II.  Cone,  Francis  Wayland,  Xathaniel 
Kcndrick,  and  Daniel  Sharp.  He  was  a  Sunday- 
school  teacher  for  nearly  fifty  years,  and  annually 
read  the  Bible  through  for  the  same  time.  lie  was 
a  trustee  of,  and  liberal  contributor  to.  Columbian 
College,  D.  C.  His  sagacity  in  matters  of  church 
and  state  was  so  rare  that  results  generally  hap 
pened  as  he  predicted.  He  died  in  Baltimore,  Sept. 
28,  I860,  having  given  away  large  sums  of  money 
for  Christ's  cause,  having  led  many  to  Christ  by 
his  conversation,  and  having  exerted  all  his  powers 
for  God's  glory.  Of  his  children  four  are  known 
to  the  religious,  literary,  or  political  world.  A 
notice  of  his  son.  William  Carey,  appears  on  an 
other  pa:j;e.  His  second  son,  Adoniram  Judson 
Crane,  was  born  Xov.  2.  IS]":  educated  at  Rich 
mond  College.  Va.  :  Mount  Pleasant  Classical  In 
stitution,  Amherst.  Mass.  ;  Columbian  College, 
1).  C.  :  Madison  University,  X.  Y.  ;  and  graduated 
from  Union  College,  Schenectady,  X.  Y. ;  was  a 
member  of  Second  church,  Richmond,  Va,.  for 
many  years :  married  a  great-granddaughter  of  John 
Adams,  second  President  of  the  United  States ; 
practised  law  at  the  Richmond  bar  twenty-eight 
years;  edited  political  and  literary  journals ;  served 
in  the  Legislature  of  Virginia  as  representative 
of  Richmond,  and  as  U.  S.  District  Attorney 
under  Abraham  Lincoln.  He  wrote  some  small 
poems  which  are  gems,  and  delivered  many  lec 
tures,  such  as  the  '•  Toils  and  Rewards  of  Litera 
ture,"  "Mechanism  of  Faces,"  and  others  worthy 
of  a  place  in  standard  English  literature.  As  a 
lawyer,  politician,  orator,  literary  man,  man  of 
genius,  no  one  ranked  him  at  the  Richmond  bar, 
when  his  untimely  decease  occurred.  Jan.  2.  1S(>7. 
Andrew  Fuller  Crane,  the  third  son,  born  Feb.  17, 
1820,  was  educated  in  the  Richmond  schools  and 
Oneida  Institute,  Whitesborough.  X.  Y.  :  was  as 
sociated  with  his  father  in  Baltimore  in  business 
nearly  all  his  life  ;  distinguished  as  a  worker  in 


CRANE 


CRANE 


all  noble  Christian  enterpriser,  remarkable  as  a 
Sunday-school  superintendent,  gifted  as  a  speaker 
and  as  a  vocalist  of  superior  musical  powers,  Denial 
as  a  friend,  and  attractive  as  a  conversationalist; 
a  leader  in  tin.1  city  and  State  organizations  of 
Maryland  for  charities,  reform,  and  education  : 
often  an  officer  of  the  representative  bodies  of  Bap 
tists  in  Maryland,  and  the  Southern  Baptist  Con 
vention.  He  has  been  ever  a,  warm  supporter  of 
Richard  Fuller  and  William  T.  Brantly.  Jr. 

Crane,  Wm.  Carey,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Richmond,  Va.,  March   17.   1810;  educated  in   the 


WM.   C. \KF.V    CRANE,    D.D.,    LL.D. 

best  schools  of  the  city  of  Richmond  ;  also  in  Rich 
mond  College,  Va.  ;  Mount  Pleasant  Classical  Insti 
tution,  Amherst,  Mass.  ;  Columbian  College,  I).  C.  ; 
and  Madison  University,  X.  Y.  His  A.B.  and  A.M. 
are  from  Columbian  College,  I).  C.  ;  his  D.I),  f'ruin 
Howard  College,  Ala.  ;  and  his  LL.D.  from  Baylor 
University,  Texas.  His  opportunities  have  enabled 
him  to  become  a  profound  scholar,  and  he  now 
ranks  among  the  most  useful,  laborious,  and  able 
Baptists  in  the  Southern  States.  His  early  life  was 
passed  in  Virginia.  He  was  converted  through  the 
agency  of  a  conversation  with  Robert  Ryland,  first 
president  of  Richmond  College,  and  he  was  bap 
tized  by  James  B.  Taylor,  D.D.,  July  27,  1832. 
He  is  the  oldest  son  of  William  Crane, — sketched 
in  another  article. — late  of  Baltimore,  Md.  lie 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  Second  church,  Rich 
mond,  Va.,  and  ordained  Sept.  23,  1838,  in  Balti 
more,  Md.,  by  request  of  Calvert  Street  church. 
When  twenty-one  years  of  age  he  was  elected  a 
professor  in  the  Baptist  Seminary,  now  Richmond 


i  College,  Va.,  but  declined,  and  spent  from  Novem 
ber,  1837.  to  February.  1S3H,  teaching  and  preach 
ing  in  Georgia.      From  February,  183(J,  to  January. 
1S">1,  he  was  pastor  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  Colum 
bus,  Vicksburg.  and   Yazoo   City.   Miss.     He  has 
been  called   to  the  presidency  of  five  colleges   for 
males,  and  six  for  females,  which  he  declined.      He 
has  been  president  of  Ya/.oo  Classical    Hall.  Miss.  ; 
Mississippi  Female  College,  llernando.  Miss.  :  Sem- 
ple  Broaddns  College.   Centre   Hill.  Miss.  ;   Mount 
Lebanon    University.   La.     He    was    elected   presi 
dent   of  Baylor   University.   Independence,   Texas, 
in  July.  I8(>3.  and  has  held  that  position  ever  since, 
and  J.  W.  D.  Creath  expresses   the    sentiments  of 
Texas  in  saying  that  no   one  in   or  out   of  Texas 
could  have  done  better  than   he  has  done  in  its  ad 
ministration,  under  all  the  surrounding  difficulties 
during   that   time.      lie  has  sacrificed    $4< >.()<)()   of 
salary,   spent   over  SfjQOU   of  his  own  means,   and 
contributed  nearly  S2000  from   his  own  purse  for 
various  objects   connected  with    its   interests,     lie 
has  been  either  a  contributor  to  or  editor  of  news 
journals,  periodicals,  magazines,  and  reviews  since 
his  seventeenth    year:    has   preached   in    all    sorts 
of  places,  from  a  stump   in   the  forest  to   the  ele 
gantly-furnished  audience-room  in  New  Yrork,  Lou 
isville,  Richmond,  and  Baltimore  ;  has  published  a 
large  number  of  sermons  and  literary  addresses  ; 
has  addressed  large;  convocations  of  Masons.  Odd- 
Fellows,    and    Friends   of    Temperance,    and    held 
the  most  honorable  State  offices  in  these  orders  :  is 
a  member  of  numerous  national   and   State    liter 
ary  and  scientific  organizations  ;  has  by  invitation 
of  the   Legislature    delivered   addresses    from  the 
Speaker's    stand    at  Jackson,   Miss.,   and    Austin, 
Texas  ;  was  selected  by  his  county  in   1870  to  de 
liver  the  memorial   address  of  Robert  E.  Lee,  and 
in  1870  was  chosen  to  deliver  the  Centennial  ora 
tion  ;  has  published   the  "  Memoir  of  Mrs.  A.  F. 
Crane,"'  "Literary  Discourses,''  and  a  "Collection 
of  Arguments  and  Opinions  on  Baptism  ;''  and  he  is 
now  publishing  in  lessons  a  "  Baptist  Catechism." 
A  collection  of  his  writings  would  fill  half  a  dozen 
volumes.     He  was  first  married  to  Miss  Alceta  Flora 
Galnsha.  of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  whose  grandfather, 
grand-uncle,   and   great-grandfather  were   twenty- 
nine  years  governors  of  Vermont.     She  lived  ten 
years.     He   was    next    married    to   Miss  Jane    S. 
Wright,  at  Rome,  N.  Y..  who  lived  about  sixteen 
months.     His  last  marriage  was  April  26,  1845,  to 
Miss  Kate  Jane  Shepherd,  Mobile,  Ala. 

The  Rev.  Z.  N.  Morrell.  in  his  u  Flowers  and 
Fruits  from  the  Wilderness,  or  Thirty-six  Years 
in  Texas,"  says,  "  As  a  scholar,  he  has  but  few 
equals,  and  his  superiors  are  very  scarce.  His 
conversation,  his  literary  addresses,  and  his  ser 
mons  all  show  that  he  is  not  only  a  profound 
scholar,  but  that  he  has  always  been  a  student, 


Oil  A  WFORD 


2'JO 


CKA  WFORD 


and  he  is  ;i  student  still.  His  mental  discipline  is 
of  tin;  most  rigid  character.  In  person  lie  is  of 
medium  height,  with  compact  form,  inclined  to 
corpulency.'1  For  twelve  years  he  was  secretary 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and  in  1X70, 
1S74,  1X77,  and  IX7X  he  was  a  vice-president  of  that 
body.  In  fact,  during  a  long  life,  and  ever  since 
his  seventeenth  year,  he  has  been  an  officer  of  re 
ligious  bodies  in  the  States  of  A'irginia.  Alabama, 
Mississippi,  Louisiana,  and  Texas.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Mississippi  State  Convention  for  two 
years  ;  of  the  Louisiana  State  Convention  for  three 
years;  and  he  has  been  president  of  the  Texas  Bap 
tist  State  Convention  since  1X71,  and  ho  now  dis 
charges  the  duties  of  this  office,  with  three  other 
ottices,  as  well  as  the  presidency  of  Baylor  Univer- 
sitv,  and  the  pastorate  of  Independence  church. 
ile  is  now  occupied  on  works  for  the  press,  among 
them  the  ''  Life  of  Sam  Houston.'1  Though  en 
gaged  most  of  his  life  as  an  educator,  with  happy 
success,  he  has  always  had  charge  of  churches  in 
such  important  places  as  Montgomery,  Ala.  ;  Co 
lumbus.  Vicksburg,  Yaxoo  City,  Ilernando,  Miss.  ; 
Memphis,  Tenn.  :  Mount  Lebanon,  La.  ;  and  Inde 
pendence,  Texas.  He  is  a  member  of  the  ''  Ameri 
can  Philological  Association,"  and  various  college 
societies.  He  has  preached  a  large  number  of  ser 
mons.  It  is  supposed  about  2500  persons  have 
been  converted  through  his  instrumentality.  lie 
has  exercised  no  little  influence  in  the  denomina 
tion,  and  stands  among  the  first  as  a  scholar,  a 
speaker,  a  theologian,  a  parliamentarian,  and  a 
sound,  thoroughgoing  Baptist,  one  who  has  per 
formed  a  large  share  of  that  hard  work  which  has 
given  tone  and  character  to  the  Baptist  denomina 
tion  South,  and  elevated  it  to  its  present  position 
of  power  and  usefulness. 

Crawford,  Charles  E.,  a  prominent  teacher  and 
Sunday-school  worker  in  Northwestern  Louisiana, 
was  born  in  Alabama  in  1S3S;  graduated  at  Mis 
sissippi  College  in  IHoS  ;  at  the  time  of  his  death. 
in  1X77,  he  was  principal  of  Keachi  Male  Acad 
emy. 

Crawford,  N.  M.,  D.D.,  for  years  the  ablest 
Baptist  scholar  in  Georgia,  and  one  of  the  best 
preachers  in  the  State,  was  born  near  Lexington, 
inOglethorpe  County.  March  22.  1X11.  His  father 
was  lion.  Wm.  11.  Crawford.  U.  S.  Senator,  and 
Secretary  of  War  under  President  Taylor.  The 
boyhood  of  N.  M.  Crawford  wras  spent  in  Wash 
ington  City;  but  in  his  fifteenth  year  he  entered 
the  University  of  Georgia,  graduating  at  eighteen 
with  the  first  honor.  At  twenty-five  he  became  a 
professor  in  Oglethorpe  College,  near  Milledgeville. 
At  that  time  he  was  a  Presbyterian. 

When  twenty-nine  years  of  age  he  married,  and 
it  was  while  seeking  Scripture  authority  for  infant 
baptism,  after  the  birth  of  his  first  child,  that  he 


became  convinced  of  the  correctness  of  Baptist 
views.  Soon  afterwards  he  was  baptized,  and 
leaving  Oglethorpe  College,  he  became  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  at  Washington,  (la.,  where  he 
resided  a  year,  lit;  was  then  transferred  to  a 
larger  field,  succeeding  l)r.  Win.  T.  Brantly,  the 
elder,  in  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
at  Charleston,  S.  C.  His  ministry  there  continued 
for  two  years  only,  as  he  accepted  the  chair  of 
Theology  in  Mercer  University  in  1X40,  which  lie 
filled  with  great  ability  for  ten  years,  preaching 
constantly  in  the  neighboring  churches.  lie  then 
succeeded  Dr.  Dagg  in  the  presidency  of  Mercer 
University,  but  soon  retired  from  the  position  and 
accepted  the  professorship  of  Moral  Philosophy  in 
the  University  of  Mississippi,  at  Oxford.  In  the 
fall  of  1X57  he  became  Professor  of  Theology  in 
Georgetown,  Ky.,  but  in  the  following  summer  he 
was  recalled  to  his  native  State,  and  installed,  for 
the  second  time,  as  president  of  Mercer  University, 
and  he  remained  at  the  head  of  that  institution 
seven  successive  years.  In  1865,  after  the  war, 
the  great  monetary  depression  caused  a  suspension 
of  the  exercises  of  Mercer  University,  and  Dr. 
Crawford  accepted  the  presidency  of  Georgetown 
College,  Ky.,  and  continued  in  that  position  until 
failing  health,  in  1871,  caused  his  resignation.  lie 
expired  at  the  residence  of  his  son,  in  Walker  Co., 
Ga.,  Oct.  27,  1X71. 

Dr.  Crawford  was  a  man  of  surpassing  talents 
and  wonderful  acquirements.  He  was  in  the  true 
sense  of  the  term  a  genius.  In  the  entire  circle 
of  science  he  was  thoroughly  versed,  and  his  ac 
quaintance  with  the  whole  range  of  knowledge 
was  astonishing.  As  a  linguist,  besides  his  native 
tongue,  he  knew  thoroughly  French,  Latin,  Greek, 
and  Hebrew.  As  a  mathematician  his  knowledge 
extended  through  the  calculus.  lie  was  familiar 
with  the  great  problems  of  astronomy  and  with  the 
teachings  of  natural  philosophy.  He  had  a  very 
respectable  knowledge  of  natural  science,  includ 
ing  chemistry,  mineralogy,  geology,  and  botanv. 
In  metaphysics  he  was  well-read,  and  before  his 
conversion  he  made  himself  perfectly  familiar  with 
law  as  a  science.  Few  men  were  his  equals  in 
knowledge  of  English  literature,  while  he  had 
carefully  studied  the  history  of  the  world,  from 
Adam  down  to  the  present  time.  And  in  theology 
he  was  conversant  with  the  thoughts  of  all  our 
best  writers.  Take  him  all  in  all.  Dr.  Crawford 
was  perhaps  the  most  learned  man  the  State  of 
Georgia  has  ever  produced.  While  a  college  pres 
ident  he  could  take  the  post  of  any  professor  who 
might  be  temporarily  absent,  with  equal  facility 
hearing  a  recitation  in  the  higher  branches  of 
mathematics,  or  in  chemistry,  natural  philosophy, 
Latin,  Greek,  logic,  theology,  or  in  secular  or 
ecclesiastical  history.  Accepting  the  New  Testa- 


291 


CRA  WFORD 


ment  as  his  only  teacher,  he  brought  all  his  learn 
ing  to  the  feet  of  Jesus,  and  a  "  thus  saith  the 
Lord"  was  for  him  decisive  of  every  question  of 
faith  or  duty.  Hence  lie  was  a  thorough  Baptist. 
In  the  pulpit  he  was  an  exceedingly  instructive 
preacher:  his  method  was  clear,  his  style  was 
transparent,  and  his  argument  was  conclusive.  In 
preaching  he  relied  chiefly  for  his  good  effects  upon 
his  appeals  to  the  understanding,  for  in  pathos,  in 
appeals  to  the  feelings,  and  in  the  power  of  per 
suasion  he  was  not  equal  to  many  who  were  his 
inferiors  in  learning.  But  lie  more  than  made  up 
for  his  deficiency  in  these  respects  by  the  power 
of  his  facts  and  the  conclusiveness  of  his  reason 
ing  ;  yet  there  were  times  when  he  spoke  with 
melting  pathos  and  the  most  commanding  elo 
quence.  His  heart  was  tender  and  sympathetic, 
and  large-souled  generosity  and  benevolence  were 
natural  to  him.  He  was  a  man  of  remarkable 
frankness,  uttering  his  sentiments  always  witli 
most  outspoken  candor.  Though  far  removed  from 
levity,  his  conversation  abounded  with  humor,  and 
he  seemed  to  have  an  inexhaustible  fund  of  anec 
dotes,  Avith  which  to  entertain  a  friend  or  illustrate 
a  truth.  One  phase  of  his  character  should  not 
be  overlooked  :  he  had  in  a  high  degree  the  quali 
ties  of  a  statesman  ;  had  lie  chosen  politics  for  his 
profession,  he  would  have  been  among  the  foremost 
of  our  great  national  leaders,  whose  fame  would 
have  lived  as  long  as  our  glorious  republic. 

His  mind  was  brilliant,  his  fancy  luxuriant,  and 
his  oratorical  powers  of  the  first  order.  A  man  of  the 
highest  moral  excellence,  his  Christian  spirit  shone 
with  distinguished  lustre  in  all  the  relations  of  life  ; 
and  his  Christian  character  was  not  only  without  a 
blemish,  but  was  in  a  most  eminent  degree  exalted. 
Throughout  his  life  of  untiring  industry  and  perse 
vering  study,  of  profound  humility  and  childlike 
simplicity,  of  wide-spread  benevolence,  adorned  by 
a  genial  flow  of  pleasant  humor,  a  genuine  and 
thorough  consecration  to  Jesus  reigned.  With 
genius  and  capacity  that  would  have  made  him 
shine  brightly  in  any  sphere  of  life,  and  which 
would  have  reached  not  only  distinction,  but 
fame,  in  any  pursuit,  he  preferred  to  give  himself 
to  the  service  of  him  whose  kingdom  is  not  of 
this  world.  In  that  service  he  rose  to  exalted 
eminence  among  his  brethren,  accomplished  an 
amount  of  good  rarely  allotted  to  one  man,  and 
exerted  an  influence  beneficial  in  the  highest  de 
gree  for  religion  and  for  his  own  denomination. 

Crawford,  Rev.  Peter,  was  born  in  Virginia 
in  1809;  professed  religion  in  1831,  and  soon  after 
became  a  minister ;  received  a  liberal  education  in 
what  is  now  known  as  Richmond  College,  Virginia. 
Having  a  rare  faculty  for  teaching,  his  life  was 
principally  devoted  to  educating  the  young,  al 
though  engaged  regularly  in  preaching.  In  1835 


he  removed  to  Marion,  Ala.,  and  founded  the  now 
justly  famed  Judson  Female  Institute.  After 
teaching  some  time  in  Central  Female  College, 
Miss.,  in  ISOO  he  became  president  of  Keachi 
Female  College,  at  Keachi,  La.,  where  he  ended  his 
labors,  April  25,  1873. 

Crawford,  Rev.  Wm.  B.,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Madison,  Ga.,  is  the  son  of  the  dis 
tinguished  Win.  II.  Crawford,  and  younger  brother 
of  Dr.  N.  M.  Crawford,  for  years  president  of 
Mercer  University.  He  was  born  on  the  14th  of 
September,  1821,  at  Washington  City,  and  was 
educated  at  Oglethorpe  University,  Ga.,  and  at 
Lexington,  Ky.,  where  he  studied  medicine.  He 
received  the  degree  of  M.D.  from  the  medical  col 
lege  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  and  for  thirty-throe  years 
practised  his  profession  with  great  success,  except 
when  president  of  a  female  college  at  Cedar  Town, 
Ga.,  in  1854  and  1855,  and,  also,  for  the  brief 
period  during  which  he  occupied  the  chair  of 
Natural  Science  at  Mercer  University,  in  1846. 

He  united  with  the  Madison  church  in  1848,  and 
was  licensed  to  preach  the  following  year.  The 
church  called  him  to  its  pastorate  and  to  ordi- 
|  nation  in  1874,  and  he  has  sustained  the  pastoral 
i  relation  to  the  present  time,  rendering  valuable  and 
acceptable  service,  lie  belongs  to  the  expository 
class  of  preachers,  his  discourses  being  marked 
with  great  plainness  and  simplicity.  He  is  a  man 
of  high  mental  cultivation,  of  comprehensive  learn' 
ing,  of  great  independence  of  character,  and  a  clear 
and  accurate  thinker.  For  some  years  he  was  a 
Presbyterian,  but  a  careful  study  of  the  New  Tes 
tament  led  him  to  change  his  ecclesiastical  relations 
and  unite  with  the  Baptists.  Had  he  entered  the 
ministry  in  early  life,  he  would  have  achieved  high 
reputation  as  a  preacher.  Unaffected  modesty  and 
self-distrust  have  kept  him  in  the  background  some 
what,  but  he  is  a  most  faithful  preacher  of  the 
gospel,  and  the  purity  and  integrity  of  his  private 
life,  united  with  his  constant  endeavors  exactly  to 
obey  the  Word  of  God,  give  him  an  exalted  Chris 
tian  character.  In  social  intercourse  he  is  pleasant, 
humorous,  and  instructive,  though  not  inclined 
readily  to  cultivate  the  acquaintance  of  others. 

Crawford,  Rev.  William  Jackson,  is  editor 
of  The  Beacon,  the  Baptist  paper  of  Oregon,  sec 
retary  of  the  Baptist  Convention  of  the  North 
Pacific  Coast,  and  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at 
Albany,  Oregon.  As  pastor  of  one  of  the  important 
churches,  and  editor,  by  election  of  the  Convention, 
of  which  he  is  secretary,  he  occupies  positions  of 
great  prominence  and  responsibility  for  one  so 
young.  Albany  is  his  first  pastorate,  which  he  as 
sumed  Dec.  11,  1878.  His  work  has  been  blessed, 
42  converts  having  been  baptized.  He  was  born  in 
Macoupin  Co.,  111.,  Dec.  12,  1849  ;  was  converted 
and  baptized  at  seventeen  :  studied  at  Blackburn 


CRAWFORD 


CUAWLKY 


(Presbyterian)  College  for  a  time,  and  five  years  at 
Slmrtlelr'  College,  graduating  at  the  close  of  a  full 
classical  and  theological  course  in  IS7S.  He  was 
ordained  Dec.  21.  1S75,  by  .Mount  Pleasant  church, 
111.  While  in  college  supplied  several  churches. 

Crawford,  Rev.  Win.  L.,  a  minister  of  George 
town.  Ga..  was  burn  Feh.  22,  1802,  and  wa.s  baptized  j 
into  the  fellows-hip  of  the  Benevolence  church,  in 
Randolph  County,  in  -July,  1842,  after  reaching  the 
•a ire  of  f'ortv.  In  April,  1846,  he  was  ordained. 
lie  was  trnl v  a  man  of  God.  He  began  to  preach 
about  three  years  after  his  baptism,  and  soon  be 
came  a  strong  and  x.ealous  minister.  He  served 
many  churches,  arid  was  universally  popular,  al 
though  a  high-toned  Calvinist  in  sentiment,  and  to 
the  dav  of  his  death  an  old  landmark  Baptist,  lie 
possessed  a  firm  mind,  a  retentive  memory,  and  an 
intellect  of  towering  capacity.  One  of  the  most 
sociable  of  men.  lie  was  truly  a  peace-maker; 
through  modesty  arid  meekness  rarely  speaking 
at  Conventions  and  Associations.  He  was  made 
moderator  of  the  Bethel  Association  for  fourteen 
years  in  succession,  and  within  the  bounds  of  that 
able  body  no  man  stood  higher.  In  person  he  was 
large  and  portly,  his  mind  and  body  seeming  to  lie 
admirably  apportioned,  lie  had  charge  of  various 
churches  in  Southwestern  Georgia  during  a  minis 
terial  career  of  about  thirty  years,  and  he  was  a 
successful  preacher  and  pastor.  When  he  died,  in 
1878,  the  Bethel  Association  adopted  in  his  honor 
a  report  very  complimentary  to  his  character  and 
abilities. 

Crawford,  Rev.  W,  W.,  a  prominent  minister 
at  Dardanelles,  Ark.,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in 
1816;  was  baptized  at  Mount  Lebanon,  La.,  in 
1845;  began  to  preach  in  1853,  and  was  ordained 
at  Meriden.  La.,  in  1856,  and  supplied  the  church  at 
Fillmore,  La.  In  1859  he  removed  to  Avoyelles 
Parish,  and  became  joint  pastor  of  Evergreen  and 
liig  Cane  churches.  Both  these  churches  prospered 
under  his  ministry.  Here  he  continued  nine  years, 
.sharing  witli  them  all  the  hardships  incident  to  a 
country  where  hostile  armies  were  constantly 
marching  and  countermarching.  lie  was  pastor 
one  year  at  Gilmer,  Texas,  after  which  he  accepted 
a  call  from  Dardanelles,  Ark.  Under  his  ministry 
a  new  church  was  built,  and  the  membership  grew 
from  25  to  84  members. 

Crawley,  Rev.  Arthur  R.  R.,  was  born  in 
Cape  Breton  in  1831.  He  graduated  at  Acadia 
College  in  1849.  and  pursued  his  theological  studies 
at  Newton,  where  he  graduated  in  1853.  He  sailed 
from  this  country  the  following  December,  under 
appointment  as  a  missionary  to  Burmah.  In  Oc 
tober,  1854,  he  went  to  Henthada.  a  town  having  a 
population  of  from  20,000  to  30,000  inhabitants, 
and  situated  120  miles  above  Rangoon,  on  the 
river  Irrawaddy.  Here  he  labored  for  several  years 


with  marked  ability  and  success.  At  the  end  of 
oneyear  the  Henthada  Mission  included  8  churches 
and  150  members,  and  at  the  time  of  Mr.  Crawley's 
death,  twenty-three  years  after  he  commenced  his 
labors  there,  the  number  of  churches,  Burman  and 
Karen,  was  54,  with  a  membership  of  1  930  persons. 
The  Kxecutive  Board  testifies  that  Mr.  Crawley 
''  was  one  of  the  most  unsparing  and  effective 
workers  that  ever  labored  among  the  heathen.  And 
IK;  was  as  judicious  as  he  was  enterprising.  It  is 
seldom  that  a  Christian  laborer  has  built  more 
wisely  ;  and  no  man  who  has  labored  among  the 
Burmans  has  attained  a  more  marked  success  in 
winning  souls.  After  more  than  twenty-one  years 
spent  in  the  field,  while  in  the  harness,  and  pro 
ducing;  larger  numerical  results  than  any  other  man 
devoted  to  Burman  evangelization,  he  laid  down  his 
work  with  his  life  on  the  9th  of  October,  JS76.  at 
the  early  age  of  forty-five  years.  He  has  left  a 
name  worthy  to  be  enrolled  among  the  heroes  of 
the  heroic  age  of  Christian  missions.'' 

Crawley,  Edmund  Albern,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

England,  Jan.  20.    I79'.»:   brought    up  in    Sydney. 


EDMUND    ALBERN    CRAWLEY,   D.D. 

Cape  Breton  ;  graduated  from  King's  College,  Nova 
Scotia,  1819;  converted  in  Granville,  and  baptized 
at  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1827  ;  abandoned  the 
law,  and  studied  Biblical  interpretation  under 
Prof.  Moses  Stuart,  at  Andover  ;  was  ordained  at 
Providence,  R.  I.,  in  1830  ;  from  1832  was  pastor 
of  Granville  Street  church.  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia, 
for  thirteen  years  ;  became  professor  in  Acadia 
College  at  its  inception,  January,  1839.  Brown 
University  honored  him  in  1846  with  D.D.  Be- 


CHEAT II 


293 


CREEDS 


came  president  of  Acadia  College  in  1S54:  .subse 
quently  spent  some  years  in  the  United  States  ; 
and  in  1S67  resumed  professorship  in  Acadia,  and 
is  now  principal  of  the  theological  department  in 
that  college.  Dr.  Crawley  was  very  prominent  in 
originating  the  educational  movement  among  the 
Baptists  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  also  in  carrying  for 
ward  the  work,  lie  possesses  a  philosophic  mind 
and  splendid  talents  ;  is  highly  cultured.  He  is  a 
sound  theologian  and  a  magnificent  preacher. 

Creath,   Rev.  Joseph  W.  D.,  was  born  in 
Mecklenburg  Co..  Va.,   Feb.  3,  1S09.     His  father, 


REV.  JOSKIMI     W.    D.   CRKATII. 

Win.  Creath.  was  a  Baptist  minister  between  thirty 
and  forty  years,  lie  was  educated  at  the  Virginia 
Baptist  Seminary  (now  Richmond  College),  and 
graduated  December.  1837  :  served  churches  in 
Virginia  as  pastor  till  1840.  then  he  removed  to 
Texas  under  appointment  as  a  missionary  from  the 
Domestic  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist 
Convention.  From  that  time  to  this  period,  whether 
as  pastor  at  Iluntsville  or  Cold  Springs,  chaplain 
of  the  penitentiary,  or  as  agent  for  Bible  revision, 
the  San  Antonio  church,  or  the  State  Convention, 
no  man  has  been  in  labors  more  abundant,  untiring, 
and  self-sacrificing.  lie  raised  more  money  for 
missions  and  the  erection  of  houses  of  worship, 
and  lie  constituted  more  churches,  than  any  man  in 
the  Southwest.  Ever  busy  doing  good  in  all  at 
tainable  ways,  singing,  praying,  writing,  preach 
ing,  J.  W.  D.  Creath  is  the  most  apostolic  man  in 
Texas,  and  never  received  over  §500  as  an  annual 
salary.  He  has  been  moderator  of  Union  Associa 
tion,  president  of  the  State  Convention,  president 


of  the  trustees  of  Baylor  University,  and  vice-pres 
ident  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention.  As  a 
financier,  a  sound  theologian,  a  thorough  Baptist, 
and  a  bold,  effective,  evangelical  preacher,  he  stands 
very  high. 
Credentials,  or  Certificate  of  Ordination.  — 

This  document  is  given  by  the  Council  or  Presby 
tery  that  ordains  a  brother  to  the  ministry,  and  the 
following  form  has  been  used  : 

"  To  all  people  to  whom  these  presents  shall 
come  the  subscribers  send  greeting:  Convened  at 
Blanktown  on  the  1st  dav  of  May,  1818,  by  the 
Baptist  church  of  that  city,  for  the  purpose  of 
setting  apart  the  bearer  to  the  work  of  the  Chris 
tian  ministry  by  solemn  ordination,  we  made  a 
careful  examination  of  the  candidate  in  reference 
to  bis  conversion,  call  to  the  ministry,  and  views 
of  Bible  doctrine,  and  being  fully  satisfied  about 
his  piety,  divine  call,  knowledge  of  the  Word,  and 
gifts  for  the  ministry,  we  did.  therefore,  in  the 
presence  of  said  church,  and  at  its  request,  sol 
emnly  ordain  to  tin;  sacred  office  of  the  ministry, 
by  prayer  and  the  imposition  of  hands,  our  worthy 
brother,  the  Rev.  —  —  .  whom  we  recommend 

to  the  confidence  and  respect  of  the  churches. 

••  --    Clerk. 


Creeds,  Advantageous.  —  Every  thinking  man 
has  a  creed  about  politics,  religion,  and  the  best 
manner  of  conducting  the  business  with  which  lie 
is  most  familiar.  It  may  not  be  printed,  it  may  not 
he  communicated  in  words  except  in  special  cases, 
but  it  surely  exists  in  all  intelligent  minds.  And 
if  the  reader  can  remember  a  denomination  with 
out  an  avowed  Confession  of  Faith  he  will  find  that 
in  that  community  there  is  an  understood  creed  just 
as  real,  and  as  well  known  by  those  familiar  with 
its  people  and  its  teachings,  as  if  every  one  of  its 
members  carried  a  printed  copy  of  it  in  his  hand. 

Baptists  have  always  gloried  that  the  Bible  was 
their  creed,  and  at  the  same  time  for  centuries  they 
have  had  published  Confessions  of  Faith.  In  our 
denomination  these  articles  of  belief  have  always 
occupied  a  subordinate  position  ;  they  are  never 
placed  on  a  level  with  the  Scriptures,  much  less 
above  them.  They  are  used  to  protect  our  unity, 
to  preserve  our  peace,  and  to  instruct  our  members. 
In  the  church  to  which  the  writer  ministers  a  copy 
of  its  "  Articles  of  Faith"  and  '•  Church  Covenant" 
is  given  to  each  person  intending  to  unite  with  it 
by  baptism  or  letter.  That  the  universal  adoption 
of  this  practice  would  be  attended  by  the  happiest- 
results  we  have  no  doubt. 

We  have  been  present  at  many  councils  to  recog 
nize  new  churches  for  the  last  twenty-seven  years, 
and  in  every  instance  the  community  gave  either  a 
well-known  Confession  of  Faith  as  their  creed,  or 
they  submitted  a  series  of  Articles  of  Faith  com- 


CREEDS 


294 


CHKSSEY 


piled  for  their  own  use  in  harmony  with  our  ac 
knowledged  doctrines.  We  do  not  think  it  possible 
for  anv  body  of  professed  Christians  to  be  >;  ac 
knowledged"  by  a  council  of  our  denomination  as  a 
regular  Baptist  church,  without  Articles  of  Faith. 

Xo  candidate  for  the  ministry  would  be  ordained 
bv  a  church  unless  the  council  called  to  give  it  ail- 
vice  on  the  question  had  received  from  the  young 
man  a  confession  of  faith  which  embraced  the 
teachings  of  our  revered  fathers, — views  of  doctrine 
resting  wholly  on  the  Word  of  God. 

Our  demand  for  many  hundreds  of  years,  that 
nothing  shall  exist  among  us  in  faith  or  practice 
without  an  inspired  warrant,  has  made  the  authors 
of  our  creeds  extremely  careful  in  their  prepara 
tion,  and  the  common  use  of  such  Articles  of  Faith 
among  Baptists  has  trained  them  to  a  uniformity 
in  orthodox  sentiment  which  occasionally  excites 
surprise  in  other  communities.  "We  have  no  section 
of  our  denomination  denouncing  the  creeds  of  their 
brethren  as  unworthy  of  the  progress  of  this  ad 
vanced  age.  It  is  an  extraordinary  occurrence  when 
an  intelligent  Baptist  strays  into  the  crooked  paths 
of  so-called  rationalism,  or  into  any  of  the  mis 
named  "  liberal''  Christian  communities. 

The  extensive  use  of  a  creed  in  Baptist  churches 
should  1)0  encouraged  by  earnest  Christians  who 
love  our  Scriptural  principles.  We  are  not  sur 
prised  to  see  that  the  greatest  of  living  Baptist 
preachers  writes,  "  The  arch-enemy  of  truth  has 
invited  us  to  level  our  walls  and  take  away  our 
fenced  cities,  lie  has  cajoled  some  true-hearted 
but  weak-headed  believers  to  advocate  this  crafty 
policy  ;  and,  from  the  best  of  motives,  some  foolish 
brethren  are  almost  prepared  to  execute  the  cunning 
design.  '  Away  with  creeds  and  bodies  of  divinity  !' 
This  is  the  cry  of  the  day.  Ostensibly,  it  is  rever 
ence  for  the  Bible  and  attachment  to  charity  which 
dictates  the  clamorous  denunciation  ;  but  at  the 
bottom  it  is  hatred  of  definite  truth,  and  especially 
of  the  doctrines  of  grace,  which  has  suggested  the 
absurd  outcry.  As  Philip  of  Macedon  hated  the 
Grecian  orators  because  they  were  the  watch-dogs 
of  the  flock,  so  there  are  wolves  who  desire  the 
destruction  of  our  doctrinal  formularies,  that  they 
may  make  havoc  of  the  souls  of  men  by  their  pes 
tilent  heresies.  .  .  .  Were  there  no  other  argument 
in  favor  of  articles  and  creeds,  the  detestation  of 
Neologians  might  go  far  to  establish  them  in  Chris 
tian  estimation.  Weapons  which  are  offensive  to 
our  enemies  should  never  be  allowed  to  rust.  .  .  . 
The  pretense  that  articles  of  faith  fetter  the  mind, 
is  annihilated  by  the  fact  that  the  boldest  thinkers 
are  to  bo  found  among  men  who  are  not  foolhardy 
to  forsake  the  old  landmarks.  He  who  finds  his 
creed  a  fetter  has  none  at  all,  for  to  the  true  be 
liever  a  plain  statement  of  his  faith  is  no  more  a 
chain  than  a  sword-belt  to  the  soldier,  or  a  girdle 


to  the  pilgrim.  If  there  were  any  fear  that  Scrip 
ture;  would  be  displaced  by  handbooks  of  theology, 
we  should  be  the  first  to  denounce  them  ;  but  there 
is  not  the  shadow  of  a  reason  for  such  a  dream, 
since  the;  most  Bible-reading  of  all  nations  is  that 
in  which  the  Assembly's  (Westminster)  Catechism 
is  learned  by  almost  every  mother's  son."  (Spur- 
geon's  "Prefatory  Recommendation"  to  Stock's 
••  Handbook  of  Theology."  pp.  7,  8,  9.  London, 
1862.) 

We  strongly  urge  the  enlarged  use  of  Confes 
sions  of  Faith  among  church  members;  and  with 
them,  for  the  young,  we  could  not  too  earnestly 
advise  parents  to  employ  the  Catechism  in  their 
own  homes.  This  neglected  custom  of  the  past 
should  be  revived  in  every  Baptist  family  in  the 
world,  and  all  our  Lord's-day  schools  should  place 
the  same  little  work  in  their  regular  system  of  re 
ligious  training.  Reach's  Catechism,  with  all  the 
soundness  of  its  distinguished  author,  two  hundred 
years  old,  and  others  of  later  date,  can  be  had  for 
a  trifle  from  the  Baptist  Publication  Society.  We, 
ourselves,  derived  incalculable  benefits  from  a 
thorough  drilling  in  the  Westminster  Catechism  in 
childhood,  and  wo  commend  to  all  our  brethren 
a  Baptist  Catechism  and  Confession  for  children 
and  adults. 

Cressey,  Rev.  George  Angell,  pastor  of  the 

Baptist  church  in  Kenosha,  Wis.,  is  a  native  of 
Cincinnati,  0.,  where  he  was  born  Nov.  8,  1843. 
lie  is  a  son  of  Rev.  T.  II.  Cressey,  a  well-known 
and  dearly-beloved  pioneer  missionary  of  the 
Northwest,  who  died  in  1870.  His  mother  was 
Josephine  Going  Cressey.  His  father  was  pastor 
in  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  and  here  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  spent  his  early  youth.  At  the  age  of  ten 
years  his  father  removed  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  which 
became  the  family  home  for  several  years.  In 
1862,  George  enlisted,  and  served  three  years  in 
the  ranks.  While  in  the  army,  in  1864,  he  ob 
tained  a  hope  in  Christ,  having  been  deeply  con 
victed  of  his  sinful  condition  by  the  death  of  an 
irreligious  comrade.  In  1867  he  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Buckley  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Bap 
tist  church  in  Upper  Alton.  111.  He  was  educated 
at  Shurtleff  College  and  at  the  Baptist  Union  Theo 
logical  Seminary  at  Chicago.  111.  Having  received 
an  invitation  to  the  Baptist  church  in  McLean, 
111.,  he  was  ordained  by  this  church  in  March,  1869. 
He  was  subsequently  pastor  of  the  Grand  Avenue 
Baptist  church  in  Milwaukee  two  years,  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Elkhorn  five  years,  and  of  his 
present  church  in  Kenosha,  Wis.,  one  year. 

Mr.  Cressey  is  a  successful  pastor  and  an  excel 
lent  preacher.  His  ministry  has  been  blessed  with 
many  tokens  of  the  divine  favor. 

Cressey,  Rev.  Timothy  RM  was  born  at  Pom- 
fret,  Conn.,  Sept.  18,  18UO  ;  died  at  Des  Moines, 


CRESSEY 


295 


CRIST 


Iowa,  Aug.  30,  1870  ;  converted  to  Christ  when 
twenty  years  of  age.  and  soon  after  answered 
affirmatively  what  seemed  to  lie  God's  call  to  preach 
the  gospel.  He  graduated  from  Auiherst  College 
in  182S  and  from  Xewton  Theological  Seminary  in 
1830. 

I  [is  first  settlement  was  at  Ilingham,  Mass.,  in 
March,  1S3I,  where  he  remained  three  and  a  half 
years,  and  then  went  to  the  South  church.  Boston. 
While  in  college  he  solemnly  dedicated  himself  to 
the  work  of  home  missions,  and  in  June,  1835,  lie 
most  gladly  improved  his  first  opportunity  of  going 
to  the  West  and  becoming  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Columbus,  0.  Here  he  remained  seven  years, 
building  the  church  edifice  still  in  use,  and  leaving 
a  broad  and  deep  mark  for  Christ  on  the  church 
and  in  the  community  at  large.  Here  also  he  lost 
his  first  wife.  Mary  Peck,  and  married  his  second. 
Josephine  Going,  daughter  of  the  late  Ilev.  Jona 
than  Going.  D.I).,  then  president  of  Granvillc  Col 
lege,  who  still  survives  her  husband,  living  at  Des 
Moines.  A  two-years'  pastorate  of  the  First 
church,  Cincinnati,  was  succeeded  by  an  equal 
length  of  time  spent  as  an  agent  of  the  Bible  So 
ciety  for  Ohio.  Kentucky,  and  Indiana. 

In  July.  1X40.  he  became  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  remaining  six  years.  During 
these  years  he  secured  the  erection  of  a  new  meet 
ing-house  seating  400  persons,  with  rooms  for  Sab 
bath-school  and  other  purposes.  In  addition  to 
pastoral  duties  more  than  sufficient  for  the  strength 
of  an  ordinary  man,  there  was  added,  immediate!  v 
on  his  entering  the  State,  the  labor  of  correspond 
ing  secretary  of  the  Convention.  It  was  also  his 
duty  to  make  a  careful  examination  of  all  applica 
tions  for  home  mission  aid,  while  as  trustee  of 
Franklin  College  he  attended  all  the  meetings  of 
the  board,  though  they  were  held  twenty  miles 
away  by  carriage-drive.  He  also  gave-  much  at 
tention  to  general  education,  preparing  by  request 
of  a  State  Convention,  in  1S47.  an  address  on  com 
mon  schools,  which  is  believed  by  many  to  have 
proved  a  great  turning-point  in  that  work. 

In  May,  1X52,  he  became  pastor  at  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  being  the  third  Baptist  minister  to  enter  the 
Territory.  After  two  years  thus  spent,  home  mis 
sionary  work  began  in  real  earnest.  Though  fifty- 
four  years  old,  he  spent  the  summer  and  autumn 
journeying  on  foot  through  the  southern  part  of 
the  Territory,  and  sometimes  was  compelled  to 
walk  a  dozen  or  more  miles  without  seeing  a  human 
being.  Seven  years  were  mainly  employed  in  such 
work,  preaching  the  first  sermon  ever  heard  in 
many  places,  and  having  much  to  do  with  the  or 
ganization  of  not  a  few  churches.  He  frequently 
rode  on  horseback  sixty  miles  in  the  depth  of  a 
Minnesota  winter  to  preach  in  a  log  cabin.  All 
appointments  were  sacredly  kept.  In  Minnesota, 


as  elsewhere,  he  took  a  deep  interest  in  educational 
matters,  drawing  up  in  1X54  the  charter  of  a  Bap 
tist  college,  the  enacting  of  which  by  the  Legisla 
ture  was  due  mainly  to  his  individual  efforts. 

In  August,  IXlil,  he  became  chaplain  of  the  2d 
Minnesota  Regiment  of  Volunteers,  and  gave  to  his 
country  two  years  of  unfaltering  devotion.  He 
was  pastor  two  years  at  Kendallville.  Ind.,  and  one 
each  at  Plainfield  and  Olney.  111.,  after  which,  in 
1868,  he  removed  to  Indianola.  Iowa,  where;  he  spent 
two  years  abounding  in  labor  and  success. 

In  May,  1870,  he  removed  to  Des  Moines.  and, 
after  six  weeks'  rest,  he  accepted  an  appointment 
as  railroad  missionary,  to  begin  labor  the  1st  of 
September;  but  on  the  31st  of  August  sudden  and 
severe  sickness  quickly  removed  his  spirit  to  the 
enjoyment  of  heavenly  freedom.  His  last  words 
were.  ''My  work  is  done;  I  am  going  home." 

Obstacles  furnished  him  the  inspiration  of  suc 
cess  and  not  the  discouragement  of  defeat.  He 
seemed  to  seek  the  most  difficult  fields  of  service. 
lie  recognized  the  simple,  earnest  preaching  of  the 
gospel  as  God's  instrument  to  secure  man's  salva 
tion.  In  his  discourses  he  loved  especially  to  dwell 
on  the  doctrines  and  character  of  Christ.  lie  was 
a  Christian  of  great  spirituality  of  mind.  Our 
denominational  history  in  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Min 
nesota  could  not  be  written  without  making  mention 
of  his  work  and  worth.  He  left  three  sons  in  the 
ministry. 

Crisp,  Thomas  S.,  was  born  in  1788,  at  Beccles, 
Suffolk,  England,  and  died  June  16,  1868,  aged 
eighty  years.  His  family  were  members  of  the  Con 
gregational  body,  and  in  his  early  manhood  he  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry  of  that  denomination.  In 
1818  he  embraced  Baptist  principles,  and  soon  after 
his  baptism  received  an  invitation  to  the  classical 
tutorship  of  Bristol  College.  He  was  also  elected 
assistant  minister  of  Broadmead  chapel.  On  the 
death  of  Dr.  llyland,  in  1825,  Mr.  Crisp  was  chosen 
president  of  the  college,  and  for  nearly  forty  years 
he  discharged  the  duties  of  this  office.  During  the 
latter  years  of  his  presidency  he  enjoyed  the  valu 
able  co-operation  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Gotch,  the  present 
head  of  the  institution.  Mr.  Crisp  was  distin 
guished  as  an  accurate  scholar  and  a  prudent  ad 
ministrator,  but  he  is  specially  remembered  for  the 
rare  excellence  of  his  character  and  life. 

Crist,  Hon.  Henry,  a  distinguished  Indian- 
fighter  and  legislator  of  Kentucky,  was  born  in 
Berkeley  Co.,  Va.,  in  1764.  His  father  having  re 
moved  to  Pennsylvania,  Henry,  with  other  daring 
youths,  visited  Kentucky  in  1779.  and  soon  after 
wards  took  up  his  abode  in  the  wilderness.  In 
1788  he  was  wounded  by  the  Indians  near  Shep- 
herdsville,  Ky.,  and  lay  helpless  in  the  woods  many 
days,  when  upon  the  point  of  starvation  he  was  ac 
cidentally  discovered  and  rescued.  After  engaging 


CRITTENDEN 


296 


in  tlio  manufacture  of  salt  some  yoars,  he  settled 
on  a  farm  in  Bullitt  County.  Hero  lie  became  a 
member  of  Cox's  Creek  Baptist  church.  After 
serving  several  terms  in  the  Kentucky  Legislature, 
he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  I".  S.  Congress  in 
1X()8.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  retired  from 
pnhlie  life  to  his  farm,  where  he  died  Sept.  l2''>.  1  S44. 

Crittenden,  Rev.  Orrin,  an  eloquent  preacher, 
was  born  in  Berkshire  Co..  .Mass..  Feb.  1)!.  I  >•  I  4  ; 
converted  at  the  age  of  fourteen,  he  joined  the 
Union  Baptist  church.  -Jersey  Co.,  111.,  in  1X4X; 
was  licensed  in  1X4'.).  and  ordained  at  the  meeting 
of  Apple  Creek  Association,  in  iXfiO.  He  preached 
and  held  revival  meetings  in  various  places,  and  in 
1X54  crossed  the  plains  to  California.  He  has 
preached  with  great  success  at  .Mountain  View, 
Santa  Cm/.  South  ('lam.  Salinas,  and  elsewhere. 
Ili1  helped  to  organize  the  Mountain  View,  San 
•  Juan,  Xapa.  and  o'hei-  churches,  as  the  result  of 
revival  labors,  and  he  has  baptized  many  converts. 
Excessive  labor  impaired  hi.s  health  :  but  in  his  ad 
vanced  years  he  is  still  a  preacher  of  great  force, 
and  is  honored  as  one  of  the  "  fathers''  in  the  Baptist 
ministry  of  California.  His  homo  is  at  Mountain 
View,  near  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Crocker,  Rev.  Thomas. — For  more  than  thirty 
years  Thomas  (.'rocker  was  a  faithful  and  success 
ful  preacher  of  the  gospel,  and  hundreds  of  persons 
in  the  counties  of  Wake,  Warren.  (Jranville,  and 
Franklin.  X.  C..  wen;  brought  to  Christ  by  bis 
labors.  He  was  born  in  17Xi>,  and  died  Dec.  8. 
1848.  aged  sixty -two  years. 

Crosby,  Rev.  David,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Ripon,  Wis.,  was  born  in  Bath,  Steuben 
Co..  X'.  Y..  in  1839.  Having  early  in  life  obtained 
a  hope  in  Christ,  he  determined  to  iit  himself  for 
whatever  position  the  Lord  and  his  church  might 
assign  to  him.  lie  prepared  for  college  at  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich.  lie  entered  the  University  of  Roch 
ester  at  Rochester,  X.  Y.,  in  18(>4,  and  graduated 
in  the  class  of  18f>X.  Immediately  upon  gradu 
ating  he  entered  the  Rochester  Theological  Semi 
nary,  and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1871.  Having 
received  a  call  to  the  Baptist  church  of  Mount 
Morris,  X'.  Y.,  he  was  ordained  by  that  church  in 
September.  1X71.  Having  received  an  invitation 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Lansing.  Mich.,  he  resigned  his  pastorate  at  Mount 
Morris  to  go  to  Lansing.  Here  he  continued  five 
years,  the  church  growing  rapidly  in  numbers  and 
influence  under  his  able  ministrations.  In  1X77. 
Mr.  Crosby  came  to  Wisconsin  to  accept  the  pas 
torate  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Ripon,  which  has 
since  been  his  home.  He  is  a  scholar  of  ripe  ac 
quirements  and  a  good  preacher.  In  the  pulpit  he 
is  clear  and  logical,  and  as  a  pastor,  he  bestows 
the  most  laborious  care  on  all  the  work  of  his 
parish.  During  the  civil  war  Mr.  Crosby  served  as 


a  private    in   one   of   the   regiments   of  his  native 
State. 

Crosby,  Hon.  Moreau  S.,   of  Grand  Rnpids, 
was  born  in   Manchester.  Ontario  Co..  X'.  Y..  Dec 


I1O\.    MOKKAi;     S.   (T.OS11V. 

'2,  1839.  He  joined  the  Second  Baptist  church  in 
Rochester  in  -Juno.  1X.">7,  being  bapti/od  by  Rev.  (i. 
D.  Boardman.  He  graduated  from  the  University 
of  Rochester  in  IXi'))).  and  has  since  resided  in 
Grand  Rapids.  Ho  was  associated  with  his  father 
in  the  insurance  business  until  the  death  of  the 
latter,  in  IX7-").  and  ho  has  since  continued  in  it. 
In  1X72  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  State  sen 
ate,  and  he  became  at  once  an  active  and  influential 
member  of  that  body.  He  has  been  for  five  years 
a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Charities,  and  for 
six  yoars  a  trustee  of  Kalamazoo  College.  lie  was 
the  first  president  of  the  Grand  Rapids  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association,  and  has  been  presi 
dent  of  the  State  Association.  For  several  vears 
lie  has  been  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school. 

He  has  just  been  elected  lieutenant-governor  of 
Michigan. 

Crosby,  Thomas,  was  a  London  Baptist  of  great 
influence  in  our  denomination.  lie  was  married 
to  a  daughter  of  the  celebrated  Benjamin  Reach. 
lie  taught  an  advanced  school  for  3-01111;;  gentlemen. 
He  was  a  Baptist  deacon  for  many  years,  and  he 
was  selected  to  make  the  usual  statement  on  behalf 
of  the  church  when  Dr.  Gill  was  ordained  the  pastor 
of  the  church  of  which  Mr.  Crosby  was  a  member. 

Mr.  .Stinton.  the  brother-in-law  of  Thomas  Crosby, 
and  the  predecessor  of  Dr.  Gill,  had  collected  ma 
terials  for  a  work  on  Baptist  history,  which  was 


CROSS 


CROZKR 


never  published.  These  materials  were  given  to 
Crosby.  And  he  says,  "  That  if  the  ingenious 
collector  of  the  materials  had  lived  to  digest  them 
into  proper  order,  according  to  his  design,  they 
would  have  appeared  to  much  greater  advantage'1 
(than  in  his  book).  When  the  Rev.  Daniel  Neal, 
a  Congregationalist,  was  preparing  his  well-known 
"  History  of  the  Puritans,'1  Mr.  Crosby  sent  Mr. 
Stinton's  materials  to  Neal,  thinking  that  the  his 
tory  of  the  Baptists  in  England  would  necessarily 
be  a  part  of  the  history  of  the  Puritans.  After 
keeping  the  manuscripts  for  several  years,  less  than 
five  pages  of  his  third  volume  contained  all  that  he 
said  about  the  Baptists.  This  circumstance,  and 
the  unkind  reflections  upon  the  few  Baptist  min 
isters  whose  names  he  condescended  to  notice,  fur 
nished  the  reasons  why  Mr.  Crosby  wrote  his 
"  History  of  the  Baptists."  Bunyan,  Kiffin,  Keach, 
and  Stenneet  failed,  by  their  great  positions,  to 
persuade  Neal  to  give  them  a  place  in  his  work, 
though  all  England  knew  them. 

Mr.  Crosby's  '•  History  of  the  English  Baptists," 
published  in  London  in  1738,  1739,  and  1740,  is 
worth  its  weight  in  gold  many  .times  over.  Like 
Ivimey's  "  History  of  the  English  Baptists,''  it  is 
very  scarce,  and  a  copy  of  it  brings  a  high  price. 

Cross,  Edmund  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  George 
town,  N.  Y.,  June  11,  1814,  and  was  a  graduate  of 
the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 
He  was  ordained  at  Georgetown,  Sept.  2,  1841,  and 
received  his  appointment  as  a  missionary  to  the 
foreign  field  Nov.  28,  1842.  lie  did  not  leave  the 
country  until  Oct.  30,  1844,  arriving  at  Maulmain 
Feb.  24,  1845,  and  commencing  his  missionary 
work  at  Tavoy  March  25.  A  school  for  native 
preachers  was  opened  on  the  1st  of  May,  1846, 
under  his  charge,  teaching  in  which  and  preach 
ing  as  occasion  presented  fully  occupied  his  time. 
These  labors  in  and  about  Tavoy  were  followed 
with  success.  The  impaired  health  of  Mrs.  Cross 
made  it  necessary  for  him  to  return  to  the  United 
States,  which  was  reached  Jan.  2,  1853.  Mr.  Cross 
remained  here  two  years,  and  then  returned  to  re 
sume  his  work  at  Tavoy,  where  he  remained  until 
he  was  removed  to  Toungoo,  in  the  early  part  of 
1860,  and.  as  in  Tavoy,  he  was  connected  with  a 
school  for  the  training  of  preachers  as  an  associate 
with  Dr.  Mason,  which  relation  continued  until  Dr. 
Mason  left  the  service  of  the  Missionary  Union,  in 
1864,  when  Mr.  Cross  was  put  in  full  charge  of  the 
interests  of  the  Tavoy  station.  A  few  years  of 
quiet,  persistent  work  resulted  in  giving  prosperity 
to  the  Toungoo  station  and  its  out-stations.  In  De 
cember,  1869,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cross,  who  had  again 
spent  some  time  in  this  country,  returned  once 
more  to  Tavoy.  The  mission  has  had  its  severe 
trials  during  the  past  years,  especially  in  connection 
with  the  terrible  famine  which  has  brought  such 
20 


desolation  to  the  country.  There  has  been  a  grad 
ual  recovery  from  the  consequences  of  the  fearful 
scourge.  At  the  last  report  the  number  of  churches 
connected  with  the  department  of  which  Dr.  Cross 
has  the  charge  was  61,  with  a  membership  of  nearly 
2000  persons. 

Cross,  Rev.  Henry,  was  horn  in  Nottingham 
shire,  England,  Dee.  12.  1840.  His  parents  were 
Baptists,  and  he  was  early  brought  to  the  Saviour. 
He  was  baptized  in  1854.  While  very  young  he 
commenced  to  exercise  his  gifts  publicly.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  when  only  seventeen  years  of 
age.  He  entered  the  Baptist  College  of  Notting 
ham  in  1859,  and  graduated  in  1863.  During  the 
same  year  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Coventry,  England.  Revivals  followed, 
and  the  church  rose  from  one  of  the  smallest  among 
the  Dissenters  to  the  largest  in  the  city.  He  came 
to  America  in  1874,  and  settled  as  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  St.  Paul,  Minn.  During 
his  pastorate  there  of  five  years  the  magnificent 
edifice  of  that  church  was  completed  and  dedicated. 
He  accepted  a  call  from  the  Pilgrim  church  in  New 
York  in  1879,  and  the  Lord  has  blessed  his  labors 
in  his  new  field.  Mr.  Cross  is  a  man  of  ability  and 
piety,  and  if  his  life  is  spared  he  has  a  bright  future 
before  him. 

Crow,  Rev.  Charles.— For  many  years  one  of 
the  most  prominent  men  among  the  early  Baptists 
of  Alabama ;  pastor  at  Ocmulgee  and  other  lead 
ing  churches.  No  man  in  the  State  in  those  days 
was  considered  to  be  his  superior  as  an  influential 
and  strong  preacher,  giving  earnest  co-operation  to 
every  work.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the  State 
Convention.  His  memory  is  still  fragrant  in  Ala 
bama. 

Crozer,  John  Price,  Esq.,  was  horn  in  the  for 
mer  home  of  the  celebrated  painter,  Benjamin 
West,  at  Springfield,  Delaware  Co.,  Pa.,  Jan.  13, 
1793.  He  became  the  subject  of  religious  convic 
tions  in  very  early  life,  and  was  baptized  by  Dr. 
William  Staughton  into  the  fellowship  of  the  First 
church,  Philadelphia,  April,  1807.  After  several 
unsuccessful  business  ventures,  he  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  cotton  goods,  and  by  his  tireless 
industry,  undaunted  perseverance,  and  unimpeach 
able  integrity  he  achieved  great  and  well-deserved 
success.  His  riches  were  held  as  a  trust  received 
from  God,  and  he  coveted  only  a  faithful  steward 
ship.  Upon  removing  to  Upland,  Pa.,  in  1847,  he 
erected  a  building  for  Sunday-school  purposes  and 
for  public  worship.  In  1852  he  built  a  neat  church 
edifice,  which  he  also  enlarged  in  1861.  In  1858  he 
erected  a  building  at  a  cost  of  $45,000,  designed  to 
l)e  used  in  furnishing  at  a  reduced  cost  a  comprehen 
sive  and  thorough  education  for  business,  teaching, 
or  any  literary  pursuit.  This  building  was  gen 
erously  offered  and  used  as  a  hospital  for  sick  and 


CROZER 


298 


CROZER 


wounded  soldiers  during  the  Avar  of  ISfil-G.j,  ;uid 
it  WHS  subsequently  consecrated  :is  a  "school  of  the 
prophets."  lie  was  a  man  of  generous  sympathies, 
and  contributed  largely  to  missionary,  educational, 


JOHN     TRICK    CROZER,    !>Q. 

and  humanitarian  enterprises.  In  ISf>f>  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Ed 
ucation  Society,  which  position  be  retained  until 
bis  death,  and  during  this  period  be  endowed  seven 
scholarships  of  S1500  each.  He  was  also  officially 
connected  with  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society,  and  while  in  this  connection  endowed  a 
Sunday-school  Library  Fund  of  1?  10,000,  and  a 
Ministers'  Library  Fund  of  $5000.  The  Univer 
sity  of  Lewisbtirg  also  shared  largely  in  his  fre 
quent  and  munificent  benefactions.  Xor  were  his 
princely  gifts  confined  to  the  enterprises  of  bis 
own  denomination.  The  Pennsylvania  Training 
School  for  Feeble-Minded  Children  received  a  gen 
erous  measure  of  bis  attention  and  aid.  He  was 
also  one  of  the  founders  of  the  U.  S.  Christian 
Commission,  and  a  working  member  of  its  execu 
tive  committee.  He  was  married  March  \'l.  lSi2f>. 
to  Miss  Sallie  M.  Knowles.  He  died  March  11, 
I860.  His  widow  still  lives,  full  of  years  and  good 
works,  and  of  his  children,  Samuel  A..  J.  Lewis, 
George  K.,  llobert  II.,  Mrs.  Lizzie,  wife  of  Dr. 
Benjamin  Griffith,  and  Mrs.  Emma  Knowles  still 
continue  in  the  faith  and  labors  of  their  sainted 
father.  Another  daughter,  Mrs.  Maggie,  wife  of 
Mr.  William  Bucknell,  has  since  entered  into 
rest,  after  a  life  abundant  in  the  blessed  results  of 
Christian  toil.  Soon  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Cro 
zer,  the  widow  and  surviving  children  established 


a  Missionary  Memorial  Fund  of  850,000,  to  be 
used  by  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society 
in  mission  work  among  the  freedmen  in  the  South. 
On  Nov.  2,  1866,  they  also  jointly  endowed  the 
Cro/er  Theological  Seminary  with  contributions 
amounting  to  $275,000.  Thus  the  life  of  the  father 
survives  in  the  children,  recalling  the  memory  of 
one  who  will  ever  be  known  as  the  benefactor  of 
the  poor,  the  friend  of  the  feeble-minded,  the  pat 
ron  of  learning,  and  the  steadfast  supporter  of  re 
ligion.  The  oldest  son,  Mr.  Samuel  A.  Cro/.er,  is 
president  of  the  trustees  of  Cro/er  Seminary.  The 
library  building,  ''Pearl  Hall,"  perpetuates  the 
name  of  the  deceased  daughter,  Mrs.  Maggie  Buek- 
nell. 

Crozer  Theological  Seminary  is  situated  in 

the  borough  of  Upland.  Pa.,  just  outside  the  limits 
of  the  city  of  Chester,  14  miles  south  of  Philadel 
phia,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Philadelphia 
and  Xew  York  with  Baltimore.  Washington,  and 
the  South.  Its  principal  building  commands,  from 
a  gentle  elevation,  a  fine  view  of  the  two  adjacent 
towns,  and  of  a  long  stretch  of  the  Delaware  River. 
It  is  accordingly  visible  to  the  multitude  who  pass 
to  and  fro  between  Xortb  and  South,  between  the 
land  and  the  ocean,  on  the  great  thoroughfares  of 
travel  just  mentioned.  Here  are  combined  the  ad 
vantages  of  rural  seclusion  with  those  of  close 
proximity  to  city,  manufacturing,  and  commercial 
life. 

The  origin  of  the  seminary  was  connected  with  a 
prior  agency  for  promoting  the  same  objects  at  the 
university  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.  A  theological  depart 
ment  of  instruction  for  candidates  for  the  ministry 
had  been  there  sustained  for  some  years  under  the 
patronage  of  Baptist  churches.  Of  that  insti 
tution  Mr.  J.  P.  Cro/er,  founder  of  the  borough  of 
Upland,  bad  long  been  a  prominent  and  most  liberal 
supporter.  He  had  also  erected  on  the  present 
site  of  the  Crozer  Theological  Seminary  a  building 
for  a  school  of  more  general  design,  with  ample 
grounds  about  it  for  all  needful  uses.  After  his 
death,  in  the  year  1866,  the  members  of  his  family, 
in  particular  bis  oldest  son,  Mr.  Samuel  A.  Crozer, 
were  moved  to  establish  on  this  site  the  present  in 
stitution.  The  edifice  already  existing  was  modi 
fied  and  adapted  to  its  new  destination  :  other 
buildings  were  added,  and  especially  separate 
houses,  ample  and  commodious,  were  provided  for 
the  residence  of  the  needed  professors.  All  this, 
with  an  endowment  fund  in  money,  adequate  to 
the  keeping  up  of  the  property  and  the  mainte 
nance  of  the  professors,  so  that  instruction  to  all 
pupils  should  be  free,  was  made  over  to  a  board 
of  trustees,  incorporated  by  the  Legislature  April 
4,  1867. 

In  due  time  professors  were  appointed,  and  the 
school  went  into  operation,  under  the  presidency 


CROZKR 


299 


CR  UD  UP 


of  Rev.  Henry  G.  Western,  D.l>.,  in  September, 
1868.  The  first  elass  graduated  in  1870,  since 
•which  the  seminary,  by  the  successive  classes,  has 
contributed  annually  its  quota  to  the  ranks  of  men 
usefully  engaged  in  the  Master's  service,  in  other 
lands,  as  well  as  throughout  the  wide  extent  of  our 
own.  From  its  fortunate  geographical  position, 
the  school  has  been  conveniently  resorted  to  by 
young  men  from  both  the  northern  and  the  southern 
sections  of  our  country  ;  and  the  liberality  has  not 
been  wanting  to  insure  that  all  who  had  proved 
themselves  icorf/ti/  of  aid  should  be  enabled  to  ac 
complish  their  course  of  study. 

This  course  extends  regularly  over  a  period  of 
three  years,  and  presupposes  on  the  part  of  students 
a  collegiate  education,  or  what  is  equivalent,  for 
the  full  enjoyment  of  its  advantages.  It  includes 


constituting  a  partial  course,  occupying  two  years, 

\  is  provided. 

The    need   of  a   library  for    such   an   institution 

'  was  met  by  the  donation  of  nearly  £30.000  by 
Win.  Bucknell,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia,  for  the  pur 
chase  of  books.  His  generous  interest  in  the 
cause  of  ministerial  education  went  much  further, 
and  provided,  on  the  seminary  ground,  a  beau 
tiful  and  convenient  stone  building,  tire-proof, 
for  the  safe-keeping  of  the  books.  This  is  large 
enough  to  accommodate  easily  40.00(1  or  f>0,000 
volumes,  and  capable  of  extension  as  future  needs 
may  require. 

A  fund  of  $10.000  has  also  been  given  by  Mr. 
Samuel  A.  Crozer  to  sustain  an  annual  or  less 
frequent  course  of  lectures  to  the  seminary,  by  men 
who  may  be  selected  of  eminent  qualifications  to 


CROZER    THEOLOGICAL    SEMINARY,   CHESTER,   PA. 


study  and  training  in  the  knowledge  of  the  Bible, 
in  all  the  historical  relations  of  the  book,  and  in  the 
interpretation  of  its  contents;  of  the  liistorv  of  the 
church,  as  the  record  of  the  life,  struggles,  and 
progress  of  Christianity;  the  scientific  discussion 
and  orderly  arrangement  of  the  doctrines  of  Christi 
anity  in  a  system  of  theology  ;  and,  finally,  in  the 
theory  of  the  church,  and  of  the  ministerial  func 
tions  of  preaching  and  the  pastoral  care.  In  all 
this  teaching  and  training  it  has  constantly  been  a 
prominent  aim  to  cultivate  at  once  a  scientific  un 
derstanding  and  a  devout  and  consecrated  spirit, 
with  tact  and  practical  adaptation  to  the  work  of 
the  ministry. 

For  those  whose  age,  lack  of  previous  education, 
or  other  impediments  have  hindered  from  pursuing 
the  full  course,  a  selection  of  important  studies, 


give  valuable  instruction  on  subjects  outside  of  the 
regular  course. 

Crudup,  Rev.  Josiah,  was  born  in  Wake  Co., 
X.  C.,  Jan.  ;").  1791.  lie  lived  for  some  time  in  the 
family  of  Mr.  Babbitt,  master  of  the  Lewisburg 
Academy,  a  ripe  scholar,  a  devoted  Christian,  and 
a  good  teacher.  He  was  ordained  in  August,  1813, 
Revs.  John  Purefoy,  William  Lancaster,  and  Robert 
T.  Daniel  forming  the  Presbytery.  Having  been 
elected  by  his  county  to  the  State  Legislature,  and 
being  refused  a  seat  in  that  body  because  he  was 
a  pastor,  his  friends  ran  him  for  Congress,  and  he 
served  in  that  body  in  the  session  of  1821-23.  He 
was  beaten  in  the  next  campaign  by  Hon.  W. 
P.  Mangum  by  a  very  small  majority.  Mr.  Crudup 
served  as  pastor  of  Hepzibah,  Perry's  Chapel,  and 
other  churches,  preaching  the  gospel  for  fifty  years. 


rULPEPER 


300 


CUNNINGHAM 


He  was  a  cultivated  Christian  gentleman,  and  in 
his  prime  was  a  preacher  of  surpassing  eloquence. 
He  died  May  '20,  1872. 

Culpeper,  Hon.  John,  was  born  in  Anson  Co.. 
X.  ('.,  iii  17(11.  He  was  baptized  by  Silas  Mercer 
in  Georgia  and  at  once  began  to  preach.  Return 
ing  to  North  Carolina  while  still  young,  his  minis 
try  was  blessed  with  many  gracious  revivals.  His 
great  popularity  induced  his  friends  to  nominate 
him  for  Congress  in  order  to  defeat  an  unpopular 
incumbent,  lie  was  for  many  years  a  useful  mem 
ber  of  our  National  House  of  Representatives;  he 
was  twice  agent  for  the  Baptist  State  Convention 
of  North  Carolina.  Tic  died  in  the  seventy-sixth 
year  of  his  age  at  the  residence;  of  his  son,  Rev. 
John  Culpeper,  South  Carolina. 

Culver,  Rev.  S.  W.,  was  born  in  Groton,  Conn., 
in  1825.  At  the  ageof  eighteen  he  was  baptized  into 
the  fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  his 
native  place.  His  early  studies  and  education  were 
intended  as  preparatory  to  a  course  in  medical 
science,  but  at  this  period  of  life  he  was  impressed 
•with  the  call  of  God  to  the  ministry,  and  he  entered 
heartily  into  the  study  of  theology.  This  had  to 
be  temporarily  abandoned  on  account  of  alarming 
sickness.  Upon  his  recovery  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
six,  Mr.  Culver  was  ordained  to  the  ministry.  His 
pastorates  have  been  Ontario  Centre,  Rhinebeck, 
Vernon,  Oneida  Co.  ;  Holland  Patent,  Lowville, 
Lewis  Co.  ;  Mumford,  Monroe  Co.  ;  West  Henri 
etta  and  Geneseo,  all  in  New  York  State.  His 
life  has  been  one  of  great  activity  in  the  pastorate 
and  in  the  field  of  literature.  As  a  preacher  he 
was  loyal  to  truth,  seeking  the  presentation  of  cor 
rect  principles  rather  than  popular  approval,  logical 
rather  than  emotional,  with  a  good  command  of 
language,  and  with  a  style  of  much  elegance  and 
force.  lie  has  been  a  frequent  contributor  to  the 
denominational  papers;  he  is  the  author  of  a  vol 
ume  entitled  "Crowned  and  Discrowned/'  and  he 
has  in  course  of  publication  two  new  works. 

CummingS,  E.  E.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Claremont, 
N.  II.,  Nov.  ',),  1800.  His  early  education  he  ob 
tained  in  the  district  school  of  his  native  place.  He 
joined  the  Baptist  church  in  Claremont  in  1821. 
His  college  course  was  pursued  at  Waterville, 
Me.,  where  he  graduated  in  the  class  of  1828. 
lie  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Salisbury,  Sept.  17,  1828.  Here  he  remained  until 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Concord,  N.  II.,  where  he  commenced  his  labors 
March  2,  1832,  and  continued  them  until  Jan.  11, 
1854,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  Pleasant  Street 
church  in  Concord,  and  remained  in  that  position 
for  ten  years.  For  thirty-two  years  he  served  in 
the  Baptist  ministry  in  Concord.  Dr.  Cummings 
has  published  several  sermons,  and  has  now  in 
manuscript  "The  Baptist  Ministry  of  New  Hamp 


shire  for  the  First  Century  of  our  History."  It  is 
after  the  plan  of  Dr.  Sprague's  "  Annals."  He 
received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from 
Dartmouth  College  in  1855.  In  the  educational 


E.  E.  CUMMINGS,   D.D. 

institutions  of  the  Baptists  of  New  Hampshire  he 
has  had  a  personal  interest.  He  has  been  president 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  New  London  Institu 
tion  from  its  beginning,  and  is  a  trustee  of  Colby 
University.  He  still  resides  in  Concord,  XT.  II. 

Cunningham,  Rev.  Richard,  was  born  in  Hali 
fax,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1812  ;  was  converted  and  bap 
tized  in  Ilorton  by  Rev.  T.  S.  Harding  ;  commenced 
preaching  in  1828  ;  was  ordained  pastor  of  Wilmot 
Mountain  church  March  25,  1829,  where  he  labored 
usefully  for  about  twenty  vears ;  subsequently  he 
was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Digby.  Nova 
Scotia.  He  died -Jan.  15,  1858.  He  had  a  keen  mind; 
he  was  a  good  theologian  and  an  effective  preacher. 

Cunningham,  Rev.  V.  G.,  the  gifted  young 
Baptist  pastor  in  the  old  French  town  of  Natchi- 
toches.  in  Louisiana,  was  born  in  Caddo  Parish, 
La.,  in  1844.  He  received  his  classical  educa 
tion  in  Homer  Male  Academy  and  Mount  Leb 
anon  University.  He  began  to  preach  in  1867,  and 
was  ordained  as  pastor  at  Caldwell,  Texas,  in 
1868.  Subsequently  he  entered  Waco  University, 
where  he  graduated  in  1871.  In  1878  he  returned 
to  Louisiana,  and  began  to  preach  at  Natchitoches, 
where  he  found  a  few  unorganized  Baptists. 
These  he  gathered  into  a  church  and  began  to  hold 
regular  services.  Others  have  been  added,  and  the 
little  body  now  numbers  35,  with  a  Sunday-school 
and  weekly  prayer-meeting,  with  a  neat  house  of 


CURREY 


301 


CURRY 


worship  in  course  of  construction.  Mr.  Cunning 
ham  is  partly  sustained  in  his  work  by  the  State 
Convention. 

Currey,  Hon.  Samuel,  was  born  near  Fred- 
ericton.  Nova  Scotia.  Oct.  12,  1806.  He  pursued 
his  preparatory  studies  at  South  Reading,  and 
joined  the  Sophomore  class  in  Brown  University 
in  1832.  lie  graduated  in  1S35.  Having  studied 
law,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  April  21,  1837.  and 
opened  an  office  in  Providence,  which  was  his  resi 
dence  during  his  professional  life.  He  had  a  large 
practice,  no  small  part  of  it  in  the  higher  courts, 
not  only  of  several  States,  but  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  For  a  number  of  years 
he  served  either  as  a  representative  or  senator  in 
the  General  Assembly  of  Rhode  Island.  Mr.  Currey 
was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  First  Bap 
tist  church  in  Providence.  He  died  Feb.  2S,  1S7S. 

Curry,  Prof.  J.  L.  M.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born 

in  Lincoln  Co.,  Ga.,  and  at  the  age  of  thirteen  re 
moved  to  Alabama.  Upon  his  father's  estate  IK- 


PROF.  J.    L.   M.   (TKKV,    I). I).,    I.I..D. 

grew  up  to  manhood,  when  he  became  the  owner 
of  a  cotton  plantation,  which  he  managed  with  suc 
cess.  In  1843  he  graduated  at  the  University  of 
Georgia,  and  in  1845  completed  his  legal  course 
at  the  Harvard  Law  School,  having  as  class 
mates  President  Hayes,  of  Ohio,  Anson  Burlin- 
garne,  and  others  distinguished  in  the  councils  of  the 
nation.  In  1846  he  served  in  the  Mexican  war  with 
Hays' s  Texan  Rangers.  Returning  from  Mexico, 
he  represented  Talladega  County  for  several  years 
in  the  Alabama  Legislature.  He  also  represented 
his  district  in  the  35th  and  36th  Congress,  in  which 


were  such  men  as  Lamar,  Stephens,  Cox,  Conkling, 
Adams,  and  Sherman.  Mr.  Curry's  first  speech  in 
Congress,  delivered  Feb.  23,  1858,  in  favor  of  the 
admission  of  Kansas  under  the  Lecompton  consti 
tution,  established  his  reputation  as  an  orator. 
During  his  terms  of  service  in  Congress  he  made 
several  forcible  speeches  on  current  national  ques 
tions,  and  always  held  the  earnest  attention  of  the 
House.  On  the  secession  of  Alabama,  he  was  ap 
pointed  in  1861,  by  the  convention  of  that  State,  a 
deputy  to  the  Southern  Convention,  which  met  in 
Montgomery  in  February  of  that  year.  In  August, 
1861,  Mr.  Curry  was  elected  a  delegate  to  the  first 
regular  Congress  of  the  Confederate  States  from 
the  fourth  Congressional  district  of  Alabama.  He 
was  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Commerce,  and 
at  one  time  Speaker  pro  iemporc.  The  address  to 
the  people  of  the  Confederate  States,  signed  by 
every  member  of  Congress,  was  the  production  of 
his  pen.  Upon  the  adjournment  of  Congress,  he 
joined  the  army  of  Gen.  J.  E.  -Johnston,  then  in 
Georgia,  and  served  in  various  capacities  until  the 
close  of  the  war.  In  1865  he  was  elected  presi- 
i  dent  of  Howard  College.  Ala.,  and  in  1868,  Pro 
fessor  of  English  in  Richmond  College,  Va.,  which 
position  he  still  holds.  In  addition  to  the  school 
of  English,  Prof.  Curry  holds  that  of  Philosophy, 
teaching  Logic,  and  Mental  and  Moral  Science. 
For  several  years  he  also  gave  lectures  in  the  Law 
School  on  Constitutional  and  International  Law. 
lie  is  an  earnest  advocate  of  public  schools  and 
of  higher  education,  and  has  made  more  addresses 
in  behalf  of  education  than,  perhaps,  any  other  man 
in  Virginia.  In  the  recent  effort  to  endow  Rich 
mond  College,  he  traveled  over  a  great  part  of  the 
entire  State,  and  aroused  an  enthusiasm  in  behalf 
of  that  institution  the  like  of  which  has  never  been 
enlisted  in  behalf  of  any  other  college  in  the  country. 
Xor  should  his  masterly  address  before  the  Kvan- 
gelical  Alliance  be  forgotten,  in  which  he  urged  the 
complete  separation  of  church  and  state,  and  which 
was  reprinted  and  distributed  in  England  by  the 
disestablishment  party.  Prof.  Curry,  although  a 
clergyman,  has  never  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  be 
come  a  permanent  pastor  of  any  church.  He 
preaches,  however,  whenever  and  wherever  occa 
sion  calls  for  his  services,  and  the  large  congrega 
tions  which  assemble  when  he  officiates  attest  his 
high  excellence  and  deserved  reputation  as  a  pulpit 
orator.  Dr.  Curry  is  closely  identified  with  all  de 
nominational  enterprises.  He  served  as  clerk  and 
afterwards  as  moderator  of  the  Coosa  Association, 
of  Alabama;  was  president  of  the  Alabama  State 
Convention  ;  president  of  the  National  Baptist 
Sunday-School  Convention,  of  Cincinnati,  and  is 
now  president  of  the  General  Association  of  A  ir- 
ginia,  and  a  trustee  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Theo 
logical  Seminary.  He  is  a  frequent  contributor 


CURRY 


CURTIS 


to  our  religious  papers,  and  i,  at  present  writing 
an  interesting  series  oi'  articles  on  Government, 
in  course  of  publication  in  the  Jidfi/ious  Ihnilil. 
In  18f)7  Mercer  University.  Ga.,  conferred  on  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  LL.I).,  and  in  1871  Roch- 
ester  University  the  degree  of  J).D.  J)r.  Curry's 
present  wife  was  Miss  May  W.  Thomas,  daughter 
of  -James  Thomas,  Jr.,  of  -Richmond.  She  is  the 
very  successful  teacher  of  the  infant  class  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  that  city.  It  numbers  from 
180  to  22.")  pupils,  and  is  said  to  lie  by  the  Xitmltiy- 
Sc/touf  Time*  the  best  conducted  infant  class  its 
editor  has  ever  seen. 

Curry,  Rev.  W.  G.,  son  of  Allen  II.  Curry,  was 
born  in  Monroe  Co.,  Ala.,  Sept.  11,  184.'!;  was 
bapti/.ed  in  I858,  at  fourteen  years  of  age  -.  re 
moved  to  Louisiana  the  same  year,  and  was  there 
licensed  to  preach  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  spent 
some  time  at  school  in  that  State  ;  returned  to  Al 
abama  in  1860,  and  entered  school  at  the  Newtown 
Academy,  and  obtained  a  liberal  education  ;  in 
1801  entered  the  Confederate  army  as  a  volunteer, 
and  served  as  a  private  soldier  two  years,  when, 
''in  consideration  of  a  faithful  discharge  of  dutv,'' 
he  was  made  chaplain  of  the  .">th  Alabama  Regi 
ment,  in  which  capacity  he  served  to  the  close  of 
the  war.  lie  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  while 
in  the  army,  at  Orange  Court-House,  Va.,  by  order 
of  the  Pineville  church  in  Alabama,  of  which  he 
was  a  member,  Drs.  Quarles,  .J.  W.  -Jones,  W.  F. 
Broadus,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Marshall  acting  as  the 
Presbytery.  On  returning  home  he  became  pastor 
of  Monroeville,  Bellville,  Pineville,  and  Bethany 
churches,  a  relation  which  lie  sustained  with  emi 
nent  success  until  he  undertook  the  work  of  evan 
gelist,  in  1S77.  under  appointment  of  the  Alabama 
State  Mission  Hoard,  in  which  position  he  rendered 
most  successful  service  for  two  years.  After  this 
he  returned  to  tin;  pastorate  at  Snow  Hill,  Ala. 
Mr.  Curry  is  a  fluent  speaker  and  a  gifted  preacher. 
He  is  one  of  our  most  trusted  pastors,  and  he  is 
still  growing  in  all  the  elements  of  ministerial 
power. 

Curtis,  Rev.  David,  was  born  in  Stoughton, 
Mass.,  Feb.  17.  1782.  lie  prepared  for  college  un 
der  Rev.  William  Williams,  of  Wrentham,  Mass., 
and  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  the  class 
of  1808.  For  thirteen  years  he  was  pastor  of 
the  Coventry  and  Warwick  churches  in  Rhode 
Island.  Subsequently  he  was  the  pastor  of  sev 
eral  other  churches  in  Massachusetts  and  Rhode 
Island.  For  sixty  years  he  was  a  preacher  of  the 
gospel,  and  served  his  Master  faithfully  in  his  vo 
cation. 

Curtis,  Rev.  Henry,  was  born  in  Illston,  Leices 
tershire,  England,  Oct.  11,  1800.  In  1812  his 
parents  emigrated  to  this  country  and  settled  in 
Otsego  Co.,  X.  Y.  In  the  same  year  both  his  , 


parents  died,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  he  went  to 
the  city  of  New  York,  and  there,  under  the  labors 
of  Rev.  John  Williams,  he  was  led  to  Christ,  and 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Oliver  Street 
Baptist  church.  He  was  licensed  March  10,  1X24, 
by  this  church,  then  under  the  joint  pastorates  of 
the  venerable  Williams  and  the  Rev.  S.  II.  Cone. 
On  the  loth  of  March  IK;  was  married  to  Miss  Eliza 
Banning.  He  was  ordained  at  Harpersville  in  the 
same  year.  In  18.'}  2-  he  became  pastor  of  the  church 
in  Bethany  and  Canaan,  now  called  the  Clinton 
church,  whose  interests  as  pastor  he  served  fourteen 
years.  Here  he  preached  his  first  sermon  in  this 
State,  and  in  its  fellowship  he  remained  until  his 
death.  For  thirty-five  years  lie  labored  in  Wayne 
County,  and  thirteen  churches  wen;  during  this 
period  built  up  under  his  pastoral  care,  while  a 
vast  amount  of  missionary  labor  fell  to  his  lot.  His 
baptisms  exceeded  1000.  No  condition  of  weather 
or  of  roads  prevented  him  from  meeting  his  engage 
ments,  however  distant. 

Brother  Curtis  possessed  more  than  ordinary 
ability.  His  mind  was  active  and  clear,  his  con 
clusions  formed  with  marked  care,  and  his  convic 
tions  firm  and  immovable.  Courteous  and  gentle 
manly  in  his  manners,  he  became  a  wise  counselor 
and  an  able  preacher.  It  may  here  be  noted  that 
his  earliest  religious  impressions  sprung  from  the 
closet,  prayer  of  a  mother,  "Oh,  shadow  us  under 
the  wings  of  a  precious  Jesus."  His  latest  expe 
rience  in  life  was  the  cry,  "Oh,  yes.  God  is  mv 
rock  ;''  "  I  know  whom  I  have  believed ;"  "  I 
desire  to  depart  and  be  with  Christ ;"  "  The  first  I 
wish  to  greet  in  heaven  is  -Jesus,  the  next  is  my 
mother,  for  she  led  me  to  him."  Four  sons  and 
two  daughters  were  baptized  by  this  revered  father, 
and  these  all  continue  active  members  of  the  de 
nomination,  honoring  the  various  spheres  of  life  to 
which  God  has  called  them. 

Curtis,  Rev.  Richard,  the  younger  of  two  of 
the  same  name  who  led  a  Baptist  colony  into  South 
west  Mississippi,  was  born  either  in  Virginia  or 
South  Carolina  about  17">0.  With  his  company  of 
Baptists  he  settled  on  Cole's  Creek,  near  Natchez, 
in  1780,  and  shortly  after  constituted  Salem  church. 
lie  was  then  a  licensed  preacher.  The  country  in 
1783  passed  for  a  time  under  the  government  <  f 
Spain,  and  he  soon  incurred  the  displeasure  of  the 
authorities  and  was  compelled  to  fly  from  persecu 
tion.  He  went  back  to  South  Carolina,  where  he 
remained  nearly  three  years,  during  which  he  was 
ordained.  lit;  then  returned  to  Mississippi  and 
renewed  his  labors.  lie  was  joined  by  a  number 
of  young  ministers,  by  whom  several  churches  were 
gathered,  and  which  were  organized  into  an  Asso 
ciation  in  1800.  lie  died  Oct.  28,  1811,  shortly 
after  attending  the  meeting  of  the  Association. 

Curtis,  Thomas,  D.D. — This  distinguished   di- 


CUltTISS 


303 


CUSHMAN 


vine  was  a  native  of  England.  lie  came  to  this 
country  about  1845,  being  tben  over  fifty  years  of 
age.  Having  preached  with  great  acceptance  for 
some  time  in  Charleston,  S.  C.,  he  and  his  son, 
Win.  Curtis,  D.D.,  purchased  Limestone  Spring, 
which  had  been  fitted  up  for  a  watering-place,  and 
established  a  school  for  young  ladies,  which,  for 
extent  and  thoroughness  of  instruction,  has  prob 
ably  never  been  surpassed  and  seldom  equaled  in 
the  South.  The  number  of  pupils  ranged  from  150 
to  200.  He  was  a  man  of  sound  learning.  He 
lost  his  life  on  a  steamer  that  was  burnt  on  the 
Potomac  in  1858. 

Curtiss,  Rev.  Emory,  was  born  in  Middlebury, 
Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  26,  1812;  was  baptized 
by  llev.  Joseph  Elliott  in  September,  1830.  He 
was  urged  almost  immediately  after  his  conversion 
to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  but  not  recognizing  the 
call  as  from  God  he  engaged  in  teaching  for  several 
years.  In  1834,  however,  the  way  seemed  plain 
before  him.  and  he  began  to  study  theology  with 
his  pastor  and  to  preach  as  opportunity  offered. 
In  -January,  1836,  lie  was  ordained  at  Morgan ville, 
N.  Y.,  and  immediately  found  evidence  of  God's 
approval  in  a  precious  revival.  In  April,  1837,  lie 
was  appointed  a  missionary  by  the  New  York  State 
Convention  to  labor  in  Erie  County.  He  filled  this 
appointment  for  four  years,  and  then  went  to  Michi 
gan,  where,  with  a  brief  exception,  his  ministry 
lias  since  been  exercised.  In  Redford  for  ten  years, 
in  Ypsilanti  for  three  years,  in  Niles  for  eight 
years,  in  Greenville  for  six  years,  with  shorter 
terms  of  service  in  Coldwater,  Hastings,  and  Stur- 
gis,  he  has  enjoyed  large  success  as  a  winner  of 
souls,  and  has  been  eminent  among  his  brethren 
for  the  harmony  of  his  pastoral  relations. 

From  1862  till  1866,  he  was  not  engaged  as  a 
pastor,  having  removed  to  Kalama/.oo  with  refer 
ence  to  the  education  of  his  son,  and  being  also 
connected  with  the  Michigan  Christian  Hcral/1  as 
proprietor  and  publisher.  The  son,  his  last  sur 
viving  child,  died  in  1864,  and  the  father  sought  at 
once  to  become  a  pastor  again,  but  the  paper  held 
him  longer  than  he  intended,  and  it  was  not  till 
1866  that  he  resumed  pastoral  service. 

In  March,  1871,  Mr.  Curtiss  yielded  to  the  re 
peated  solicitation  of  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society  to  perform  service!  in  Oregon  and 
Washington  Territory  as  a  general  missionary. 
After  less  than  two  years'  work  the  failure  of  his 
voice  compelled  him  to  withdraw  from  -it,  but  lie 
had  labored  with  zeal  and  success,  had  aided  in 
the  organization  of  sixteen  churches,  and  the  erec 
tion  and  dedication  of  eight  houses  of  worship. 
His  health  did  not  allow  him  to  resume  full  duty 
till  July,  1874.  He  is  now  pastor  in  Lapeer. 

Cushman,  Rev.  Elisha,  son  of  Elisha  and  Lydia 
(Fuller)  Cushman.  was  born  in  Kingston,  Mass., 


May  2,  1788  ;  he  was  a  descendant  of  Robert  Gush- 
man,  a  Pilgrim  father  ;  was  converted  in  1808  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Kingston,  under 
Rev.  Samuel  G rover;  studied  for  the  ministry; 
preached  in  Grafton,  Mass.,  and  in  Providence, 
11.  I.  ;  ordained  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Hartford,  Conn.,  June  10,  1813,  and  remained 
till  1825;  was  prominent  in  all  public  affairs;  as 
sisted  in  establishing,  in  1814,  the  Baptist  Mis 
sionary  Society,  and  was  corresponding  secretary 
till  1822,  when  it  was  reorganized  under  the  name 
of  the  Baptist  Convention,  of  which  he  became 
a  trustee,  and,  finally,  president  from  1830  to 
1834;  in  1822,  when  Mr.  Philemon  Canfield  started 
the  Christian  Secretary,  the  first  Baptist  paper 
in  Connecticut,  he  became  editor;  in  1S24  re 
ceived  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  Yale 
College  ;  a  member  of  the  corporation  of  Trinity 
College;  in  1825  settled  with  the  New  Market 
Street  Baptist  church  in  Philadelphia:  in  1829 
returned  to  Connecticut  and  settled  in  Stratfield 
till  1831,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  New  Haven  ;  in  1S35  removed  to  Plym 
outh,  Mass.,  but  from  failing  health  returned  in 
1838  to  Hartford,  Conn.,  to  resume  the  editorship 
of  the  Christian  Secretary;  published  numerous 
addresses  and  sermons ;  a  noble,  effective  man. 
Died  in  Hartford,  Oct.  26,  1838,  aged  fifty  years. 

Cushman,  Rev.  Elisha,  Jr.,  son  of  Rev.  Elisha, 

was  born  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  July  4,  1813;  learned 
the  printer's  art,  and  entered  the  office  of  the  Chris 
tian  Secretary  under  Deacon  P.  Canfield,  and  worked 
from  1831  to  1836  ;  in  1836,  with  Isaac  Bolles,  be 
gan  the  publication  of  the  Xorfhern  Courier  (finally 
called  the  Hartford  Courier],  a  paper  of  talent  and 
racy  wit.  On  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1838,  he 
published  the-  Chr istian  Xecrcturi/.  He  was  con 
verted  in  1839  and  baptized  by  Rev.  G.  S.  Eaton  ; 
united  with  First  Baptist  church  in  Hartford  ;  was 
licensed  to  preach,  and  ordained  in  1840  as  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Willington,  Conn.  ;  ill 
health  induced  his  resignation  in  1845  ;  returned 
to  Hartford  and  supplied  the  Baptist  church  in 
New  Britain  ;  in  1847  settled  with  the  church  at 
Deep  River,  Conn.,  and  remained  there  twelve 
years  ;  in  1859  he  became  pastor  of  a  new  church 
in  West  Hartford,  and  remained  till  1862,  when  he 
took  charge  of  the  Christian  Secrct«ri/,  and  re 
tained  it  till  his  death,  acting  as  occasional  supply 
also  to  needv  churches.  For  many  years  he  was 
the  able  secretary  of  the  Connecticut  Baptist  State 
Convention  ;  a  ready  speaker  and  equally  ready 
writer  ;  an  extensive  reader,  with  a  retentive 
memory  ;  a  man  of  the  sweetest  spirit,  yet  firm  in 
opinion  and  utterance.  lie  died  in  Hartford,  Jan. 
4,  1876,  aged  sixty-two  years. 

Cushman,  Robert  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Wool 
wich,  Me.,  April  10,  1800.     His  parents  died  when 


304 


CUTHBERT 


he  was  a  child.  Ho  became  a  Christian  when  lie 
was  sixteen  years  of  age,  and  decided  to  enter  the 
ministry,  lie  pursued  his  studies  at  Columbian 
College,  Washington,  graduating  in  the  class  of 
1825.  Jle  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  in  August,  1826. 
After  three  years  of  labor  there,  desiring  a  milder  j 
climate,  he  removed  to  Philadelphia,  where  he 
opened  a  school  for  the  education  of  young  ladies, 
which  was  called  the  "  Cushman  Collegiate  Insti 
tute."  He  remained  in  charge  of  it  until  IS41. 
when  he  received  a  call  from  the  Bowdoin  Square 
church  in  Boston.  He  continued  in  this  position 
for  six  years,  and  then  removed  to  Washington, 
D.  C.,  and  started  an  institution  similar  in  character 
to  the  one  of  which  lie  was  the  originator  in  Phil 
adelphia.  A  few  years  having  been  devoted  to  this 
work,  he  returned  to  Boston,  and  for  some  time 
was  at  the  head  of  the  "  Mount  Yernon  Ladies' 
School,"  supplying  meanwhile  the  pulpit  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Charlestown,  Mass.  His 
last  years  were  passed  at  a  rural  home  which  he 
had  purchased  in  what  is  now  Wakefield,  Mass., 
where  he  died  April  7,  18()8. 

It  was  justly  said  of  Dr.  Cushman  at  the  time 
of  his  death,  "  Thus  has  fallen,  in  ripeness  of  years 
and  Christian  character,  one  of  the  most  widely 
known,  intelligent,  and  faithful  in  the  ranks  of  our 
ministry.  lie  was  throughout  a  consistent  Baptist, 
firm  and  unwavering  in  fidelity  to  every  principle, 
an  able  defender  of  his  denominational  polity.  If 
'blessings  brighten  as  they  take  their  flight,'  his 
friends  may  be  happy  in  the  assurance  that  his 
merits  will  hereafter  be  appreciated  and  acknowl 
edged,  and  he  will  be  reckoned  a  star  in  the  firma 
ment  of  our  /ion." 

Custis,  J.  W.,  D.D.,  is  a  descendant  of  the  well- 
known  Custis  family  of  Accomac  Co..  Ya.,  and  was 
born  in  Washington,  1).  C.  In  18f>5,  at  the  early 
age  of  twelve  years,  he  was  converted  and  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of 
that  city.  His  parents  being  members  of  the  E 
Street  church,  his  membership  was  afterwards  re 
moved  thither.  From  the  time  of  his  conversion 
he  attracted  the  attention  of  his  pastor,  Rev.  Isaac 
Cole,  by  his  youthful  zeal,  and  was  encouraged  to 
look  forward  to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  In 
changing  his  church  relations  he  had  the  happiness 
of  receiving  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  G.  W.  Sam 
son,  D.D.,  an  ardent  friend  of  the  young,  who  took 
a  deep  interest  in  the  welfare  of  Mr.  Custis.  In 
1856  he  entered  the  preparatory  department  of 
Columbian  College,  and  pursued  the  regular  course, 
having  in  view  the  profession  of  law.  Gradually, 
and  after  some  years,  he  was  led  to  turn  iiis  atten 
tion  to  the  ministry.  lie  spent  two  years  in  the 
university  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  and  then  returned  to 
Columbian  College,  and  graduated  June,  1865.  In 


the  same  month  he  was  ordained  in  the  Broad  Street 
church,  Philadelphia,  to  which  his  membership  had 
been  removed  two  years  previously.  After  spending 
nearly  a  year  laboring  with  the  church  in  Hudson 
City,  N.  J.,  he  accepted  a  call  to  Bordentown  in  the 
same  State.  His  pastorate  of  nearly  four  years  was 
very  successful.  He  then  removed  to  Philadelphia, 
becoming  pastorof  the  Spruce  Street  Baptist  church, 
where  like  success  attended  his  ministry.  In  1875, 
against  the  wishes  of  the  church,  he  resigned  and 
went  to  Chicago,  accepting  a  call  to  the  Michigan 
Avenue  church.  In  1877  the  University  of  Chicago 
conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity.  The  rigor  of  the  climate  soon  broke 
down  his  health,  and,  under  the  advice  of  his  phv- 
sician.  he  returned  East  and  became  pastor  of  the 
Tabernacle  church,  Utica,  N.  Y.  Dr.  Custis  is  a 
close  student  and  an  able  preacher. 

Cuthbert,  James  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  Dec.  13, 
1823,  in  Beaufort.   S.  C..  being  the  eldest  son  of 


JAMES    H.   CC  Til  BERT,   D.I). 

Lucius  and  Charlotte  Fuller  Cuthbert.  His  earliest 
school  days  were  spent  at  Beaufort  College,  where 
he  remained  until  1839.  He  then  entered  the 
Sophomore  class  of  Columbia  College,  S.  C..  at  that 
time  under  the  presidency  of  the  highly  gifted 
Robert  W.  Barnwell.  In  1841  he  went  to  Prince 
ton  College,  N.  J.,  entering  the  Junior  class,  and 
remaining  until  his  graduation  in  1843,  on  which 
occasion  he  was  selected  as  one  of  the  class  orators. 
From  Princeton  he  returned  home  with  the  inten 
tion  of  studying  law,  but  being  converted  under 
the  preaching  of  his  uncle,  Dr.  Richard  Fuller, 
in  the  spring  of  1844,  he  determined  to  devote  his 


CUTHBERT 


305 


CUTTING 


life  to  the  ministry  of  the  gospel.  After  three 
years'  study  with  Dr.  Fuller  he  was  ordained  at 
Charleston  in  1847,  and  became  at  once  the  as 
sistant  pastor  of  the  Wentworth  Street  Baptist 
church  in  that  city,  then  under  the  pastorate  of 
Dr.  Fuller.  On  Dr.  Fuller's  being  called  to  Balti 
more  to  take  charge  of  the  Seventh  Baptist  church 
of  that  city,  Mr.  Cuthbert  was  chosen  pastor,  and 
continued  in  that  relation  until  1855.  While  pastor 
here  he  was  married  to  Miss  -Julia  Elizabeth  Tur- 
pin,  of  Augusta,  Ga.  In  1855  he  accepted  a  call 
to  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia,  then 
located  in  Lagrange  Place,  which  soon  afterwards 
removed  to  its  present  location  at  Broad  and  Arch 
Streets.  In  1861  he  removed  to  Augusta,  Ga., 
being  without  any  pastoral  charge  for  about  a  year. 
In  1862  he  became  pastor  of  Kollock  Street  church, 
with  which  he  remained  until  18G5.  when  he  ac 
cepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Green  Street  Baptist 
church  of  that  city,  and  ministered  to  it  for  four 
years.  In  1869  he  was  invited  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  First  Bapti.st  church,  Washington,  D.  C.,  where 
he  still  labors.  The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  Wake  Forest  College, 
N.  C. 

Dr.  Cuthbert  has  made  several  valuable  contri 
butions  to  Baptist  literature.  lit;  has  written  occa 
sionally  for  the  Baptist  Quarterly,  and  published 
in  1878  a  very  interesting  biography  of  his  distin 
guished  relative,  Dr.  Fuller,  .  His  style  is  easy  and 
graceful,  and  the  book  is  prepared  with  excellent 
taste.  As  a  preacher.  Dr.  Cuthbert  is  earnest  and 
impressive,  reminding  one  frequently  bv  his  ap 
pearance  and  the  tones  of  his  voice  of  Dr.  Fuller. 
As  a  man.  Dr.  Cuthbert  is  among  the  few  who  are 
without  stain  or  reproach. 

Cuthbert,  Rev.  Lucius,  is  a  native  of  Beaufort, 
S.  C.,  a  brother  of  Dr.  J.  II.  Cuthbert,  of  Wash 
ington.  I).  C.,  and  a  nephew  of  the  late  Dr.  Richard 
Fuller,  of  Baltimore.  He  was  for  some  time  pastor 
of  the  Citadel  Square  Baptist  church  of  Charleston, 
S.  C.,  but  failing  health  compelled  his  retreat  to 
Aiken,  S.  C.,  where  he  has  spent  nearly  thirty 
years  in  the  Master's  service.  The  churches  of 
which  he  is  pastor  regard  him  with  admiration  and 
love,  his  brethren  in  the  ministry  cherish  him  in 
their  hearts,  and  the  providence  and  Spirit  of  God 
have  bestowed  their  blessings  liberally  upon  his 
home,  heart,  and  ministry. 

Cutting1,  Sewell  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Windsor, 
Vt.,  Jan.  19,  1813.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Wcstport, 
X.  Y.  When  a  child  he  commenced  the  study  of 
Latin,  and  purposed  to  enter  the  legal  profession. 
Before  he  was  sixteen  he  became  a  student  of  law, 
but  at  seventeen  he  concluded  to  enter  the  ministry. 
He  completed  his  preparation  for  college  at  South 
Reading,  Mass.,  and  when  eighteen  years  of  age 


he  entered  Waterville  College.  After  studying  two 
years  in  that  institution  he  went  to  the  University 
of  Vermont.  In  it  he  had  the  instruction  of  able 
educators,  and  he  was  graduated  with  the  highest 
honors.  From  it  he  received  all  his  degrees.  Ill 
health  forced  him  to  leave  college  before  the  day 
for  graduation,  and  to  relinquish  his  design  to 
pursue  a  regular  theological  course,  and  on  March 
31,  1836,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  West  Boylston,  Mass.  Soon  after  he 
accepted  a  call  to  Southbridge,  Mass.,  as  successor 
to  Dr.  Binney,  the  distinguished  missionary,  where 
he  remained  eight  years.  In  1845  he  was  called 
to  edit  The  Baptist  Advocate  in  New  York,  which 
position  he  accepted  and  changed  its  name  to  The 
New  York  Recorder.  He  found  the  paper  in  a  de 
pressed  condition,  and  organized  a  new  departure 
not  only  in  name  but  in  everything  that  goes  to 
make  a  successful  religious  journal.  He  succeeded, 
bought  the  paper,  and  immediately  sold  it  to  Rev. 
Lewis  Colby,  a  publisher,  who  sold  a  share  of  it 
to  Rev.  Joseph  Ballard.  The  subscriptions  in 
creased  rapidly,  and  the  paper  began  to  exert  a 
great  power  in  promoting  the  interests  of  the  Bap 
tist  denomination.  In  1850  it  was  sold  to  Martin 
B.  Anderson,  LL.IX,  and  J.  S.  Dickerson,  D.D., 
and  Dr.  Cutting  retired.  This  occurred  just  at  the 
crisis  of  the  revision  controversy  and  the  formation 
of  the  American  Bible  Union.  He  was  elected 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  American  and  For 
eign  Bible  Society,  accepted  it  provisionally,  and 
took  a  prominent  part  in  the  discussions  between 
the  two  societies.  In  1851  he  accepted  an  editorial 
position  on  the  Watchman  and  Reflector,  of  Boston. 
In  1849  he  became  the  editor  of  The  Christian  Re- 
ricic.  which  he  conducted  until  1852.  In  1853, 
Dr.  Anderson  was  called  to  the  presidency  of 
Rochester  University,  and  Dr.  Cutting  was  sum 
moned  back  to  edit  the  Jtccordcr.  In  1855,  Dr. 
Cutting  and  Dr.  Edward  Bright  bought  the  New 
York  Baptist  Register,  consolidated  it  with  the 
Recorder,  and  founded  The  Examiner.  He  then 
accepted  the  professorship  of  Rhetoric  and  of 
History  in  the  University  of  Rochester,  which 
chair  he  filled  till  1868,  when  he  resigned  to 
accept  the  secretaryship  of  the  American  Bap 
tist  Educational  Commission.  In  1879.  he  was 
elected  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society,  and  after  a  year's  service  he 
went  to  Europe  to  find  needed  rest.  His"  Strug 
gles  and  Triumphs  of  Religious  Liberty,"  and  his 
"  Historical  Vindications.''  with  notes  and  appen 
dices,  have  been  widely  read.  He  compiled  a  hymn- 
book  for  the  vestry  and  fireside.  Many  of  his 
discourses  and  some  of  his  poems  have  been  pub 
lished.  Dr.  Cutting  is  a  clear  thinker,  a  scholarly 
writer,  and  one  of  the  ablest  men  in  the  American 
ministry. 


DAHHS 


DALLAS 


D. 


Dabbs,  Rev.  Richard,  was  born  in  Charlotte 
< !o.,  Va.,  (late  unknown.  lit1  became  pious  in  early 
life,  but  did  not  enter  the  ministry  until  several 
years  after  his  conversion.  His  first  pastorate  was 
with  the  Ash  Camp  church.  Charlotte  County.  He 
delighted  to  visit  Associational  and  other  large 
meetings  of  his  brethren.  His  excursions  were 
very  numerous  and  extensive.  lie  was  in  the  habit 
of  visiting  those  parts  of  the  country  where  Baptist 
churches  had  not  been  constituted,  or  where  they 
were  feeble  and  declining.  Aiming  the  happy  re 
sults  of  these  efforts  may  be  mentioned  the  origin 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Petersburg,  Va.  It  was 
chiefly  through  his  influence  that  the  few  Baptists 
in  that  place  were  induced  to  unite  under  a  regular 
constitution  and  to  make  exertions  for  the  erection 
of  a  house  of  worship.  In  1  ^20  ho  spent  one-fourth 
of  his  time,  a  portion  of  the  year,  in  assisting  to 
supply  with  preaching  the  church  in  Lynchburg, 
A  a.  His  ministry  there  was  very  popular.  Closing 
bis  labors  in  Lynchburg.  he  came  to  Nashville. 
Tenn.,  and  took  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  that  city,  where  he  was  very  successful  in  build 
ing  up  the  Baptist  cause.  Here  he  closed  a  useful 
life.  His  manner  in  the  pulpit  was  very  attractive. 
With  a  musical  voice  and  a  happy  faculty  of  illus 
tration,  he  rarely,  if  ever,  addressed  a  small  congre 
gation.  He  died  on  the  21st  day  of  May,  182."),  in 
full  assurance  of  a  blessed  immortality,  honored 
and  respected  by  all. 

Dagg,  John  L.,  D.D. — Among  the  most  distin 
guished  men  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the 
United  States,  Dr.  Dagg  of  right  holds  a  place.  He 
was  born  at  Middleburg,  London  Co.,  Ya..  Feb.  13. 
1T'J4.  He  was  early  the  subject  of  religious  im 
pressions,  and  he  said  to  the  writer,  "  I  obtained  a 
joyful  sense  of  acceptance  with  God  on  my  birth 
day  in  1S09.''  He  was  baptized  in  1813;  began  to 
preach  in  1810;  was  ordained  in  1817:  preached 
to  several  churches  in  Virginia,  and  in  1825 accepted 
a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Fifth  Baptist  church 
in  the  city  of  Philadelphia:  in  1833  he  retired  from 
the  pastorate  with  diseased  throat,  and  in  the  fol 
lowing  spring  his  voice  so  failed  that  he  was  unable 
to  preach,  and  for  a  considerable  time  could  not 
speak  above  a  whisper,  and  it  has  been  so  weak 
ever  since  that  he  has  never  been  able  to  return  to 
regular  service  as  a  minister.  Eminent  as  had 
been  his  ministry,  the  Lord  had  other  ways  for  him 
to  serve  with  still  greater  usefulness.  In  1830  he 


removed  to  Tuscaloosa,  and  took  charge  of  the 
"Alabama  Female  Atheneum,''  and  in  1844  to 
Penfield,  Ga.,  as  president  of  Mercer  University, 
where  he  also  gave  instruction  in  theology.  Many 
of  the  best  ministers  in  Georgia  and  other  States 
cherish  the  most  grateful  recollections  of  his  great 
worth  to  them  while  in  that  position.  The  twelve 
years  of  his  presidency  comprised  perhaps  the 
brightest  period  of  the  brilliant  history  of  u'rand 
old  Mercer  University.  In  1850  he  retired  from 
that  institution  with  the  purpose,  while  bearing  the 
pressure  of  infirmities  and  advancing  age.  of  serv 
ing  the  cause  of  Christ  by  the  use  of  his  gifted 
pen,  and  thousands  can  rise  up  and  call  him  blessed 
in  testimony  of  the  happy  way  in  which  he  has 
carried  out  that  purpose. 

His  "Manual  of  Theology"  appeared  in  1^57, 
"Treatise  on  Church  Order"'in  18f)8.  "Elements 
of  Moral  Science''  in  1859.  "Evidences  of  Christi 
anity''  in  1808.  These  are  his  great  works,  and 
they  will  bear  comparison  with  any  other  American 
books  on  the  same  subjects.  In  addition  to  these, 
a  discussion  on  baptism  with  the  Rev.  David  .Jones. 
which  appeared  in  letters  in  the  Christian  In/lex, 
was  put  in  book-form  by  the  Baptist  General  Tract 
Society. 

His  pamphlets  are  "The  More  Excellent  Way," 
••  An  Interpretation  of  -John  iii.  5."  "  An  Essay  in 
Defense  of  Strict  Communion,"  "A  Decisive  Ar 
gument  against  Infant  Baptism,  furnished  by  one 
of  its  own  Proof-texts.'1 

He  has  for  many  years  been  regarded  as  one  of 
our  wisest,  most  profound,  most  critical,  and  safest 
newspaper  writers.  Our  venerable  and  learned 
brethren  have  watched  the  productions  of  his  pen 
with  marks  of  the  highest  regard. 

Dr.  Dagg.  in  great  age  and  with  many  infirmi 
ties,  still  lives  (1880),  under  the  tender  and  affec 
tionate  care  of  his  accomplished  daughter,  at 
Hayneville.  Ala.,  and  all  who  visit  him  return 
feeling  that  it  has  been  an  honor  and  a  Christian 
feast  to  hold  converse  with  this  man  of  (Jod. 

Dallas  Male  and  Female  College,  Dallas, 
Texas,  was  organized  in  1875,  and  commanded  a 
respectable  patronage  for  one  collegiate  year.  It 
is  under  the  control  of  stockholders,  who  appoint 
a  majority  of  the  trustees.  Rev.  Geo.  W.  Rogers, 
D.D.,  is  now  president.  The  college,  after  a  two 
years'  suspension,  was  reorganized  and  opened 
September,  1878. 


307 


DARGAN 


Daniel,  Rev.  Robert  T. — In  a  letter  to  Dr.  II. 
B.  C.  Howell,  Mr.  Daniel  wrote,  "  During  the 
thirty  years  of  my  ministry  I  have  traveled  about 
60,000  miles,  preached  about  5000  sermons,  and 
baptized  more  than  1500  people.  Of  that  number 
many  now  are  ministers,  twelve  of  whom  are  men 
of  distinguished  talents  and  usefulness/' 

Mr.  Daniel  was  born  in  Middlesex  Co.,  A'a.,  June 
10,  1773.  His  parents  emigrating  to  North  Caro 
lina,  lie  grew  to  man's  estate  in  Chatham  County. 
He  was  bapti/ed  into  the  fellowship  of  Holly 
Springs  church,  Wake  County,  by  Rev.  Isaac 
Hicks,  in  July,  1S02.  lie  was  ordained  in  1803, 
Isaac  Ilicks  and  Nathan  Gully  forming  the  Pres 
bytery,  lie  was  an  able  preacher  and  a  great 
evangelist.  He  was  one  of  the  first,  if  not  the  first, 
missionary  of  the  North  Carolina  Baptist  Benevo 
lent  Society,  and  while  thus  engaged  organized  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Raleigh  in  1812,  of  which 
he  was  twice  pastor.  "  His  was  a  missionary 
heart,  a  missionary  tongue,  and  a  missionary 
hand,"  and  after  brief  pastorates  and  arduous  re 
vival  labors  in  North  Carolina,  Virginia,  Missis 
sippi,  and  Tennessee,  this  prince  among  the  tribes 
of  Israel  fell  asleep  in  Jesus,  in  Paris,  Tenn.,  Sept. 
14.  1S40. 

D'Anvers,  Gov.  Henry,  is  supposed  to  have 

been  a  very  near  relative  of  the  Earl  of  Danby,  who 
died  in  1043.  Hi;  was  a  soldier,  who  distinguished 
himself  in  wars  in  Holland,  France,  and  Ireland. 
Henry  D'Anvers  was  a  colonel  in  the  Parliament 
ary  army.  He  was  for  a  time  governor  of  Stafford. 
lie  had  such  a  reputation  for  integrity  among  the 
people  over  whom  he  exercised  authority,  that  he 
was  noted  as  one  who  would  not  take  bribes. 
While  governor  of  Stafford  he  adopted  the  senti 
ments  of  the  Baptists,  ami  notwithstanding  his 
position,  and  the  prejudices  his  baptism  would  stir 
up  against  him,  he  was  immersed  by  Henry  Hagger, 
the  minister  at  Stafford  at  that  time.  After  the 
return  of  Charles  11.  his  situation  was  very  criti 
cal  ;  he  was  a  man  of  prominence  by  his  family 
connections,  by  the  respectable  estate  which  he 
owi.ed,  and  by  his  military  services.  A  proclama 
tion  was  issued  offering  CIOO  for  his  arrest;  he 
was  sei/.ed  at  length  and  sent  a  prisoner  to  the 
Tower  of  London  ;  but  his  wife  had  great  influence 
in  the  court  of  King  Charles,  and  he  was  released 
on  bail. 

lie  was  one  of  the  ministers  of  a  Baptist  church 
near  Aldgate,  London.  In  this  position  he  main 
tained  a  character  so  spotless  that  he  greatly  com 
mended  the  truth  which  he  proclaimed. 

Mr.  D'Anvers  was  the  author  of  a  work  which 
he  called  "  Theopolis,  or  City  of  God,"  treating  of 
the  coming  and  personal  reign  of  Christ  in  his  mil 
lennial  glory  and  triumphs.  He  also  wrote  a  work 
on  baptism,  which  was  the  ablest  on  the  subject 


published  by  any  Baptist  till  that  time.  It  stirred 
up  Richard  Baxter  most  uncomfortably  ;  and  many 
others  most  slanderously.  David  Russen  abused 
Mr.  D'Anvers  and  his  book  with  a  vehemence 
which  shows  how  powerfully  he  had  been  moved  by 
it.  He  says  that  Mr.  D'Anvers's  book  "is  calculated 
for  the  meridian  of  Ignorance  ;  that  it  is  full  of 
plagiary,  prevarication,  impertinencies,  and  mani 
fold  falsehoods  ;  that  no  man  of  learning,  but  one 
who  designedly  (for  an  evil  design)  carries  on  a 
cause,  will  ever  defile  his  fingers  with  such  pitch; 
and  that  he  should  be  ashamed  to  produce  a  book 
of  that,  nature  in  a  matter  of  controversy."  But 
poor  Mr.  Russen  defiled  his  own  fingers  with  the 
work,  and  shows  by  his  angry  and  slanderous 
words  that  Mr.  D'Anvers  had  given  him  and  other 
Pedobaptist  sacramental  warriors  very  heavy  blows. 
The  book,  even  in  our  own  times,  has  been  so 
highly  esteemed  that  the  Hanserd  Knollys  Society, 
a  body  representing  the  intelligence  and  learning 
of  our  English  Baptist  brethren,  had  resolved  to 
publish  it;  and  the  Rev.  William  Henry  Black  was 
performing  editorial  labor  upon  it  for  that  end.  and 
only  lack  of  funds  hindered  the  publication.  The 
same  misfortune  stopped  the  entire  labors  of  the 
society. 

Mr.  D'Anvers  believed  that  it  would  be  a  bless 
ing  if  -lames  II.  was  relieved  of  the  royalty  of 
England.  There  could  not  be  a  worse  king  in  a 
country  where  the  monarch  was  limited  in  powers. 
He  was  a  tyrannical  Catholic,  bent  on  overthrowing 
the  Protestant  religion  of  England  :  he  was  a  mean 
tyrant,  determined  to  destroy  her  liberties  ;  he  had 
ungracious  manners,  an  unattractive  appearance, 
a  fountain  of  selfishness  in  his  heart,  and  an 
abundance  of  cowardice.  A  son  o('  Lucy  Walters 
and  Charles  II.,  the  Duke  of  Monmouth,  a  Protest 
ant,  a  brave,  generous  young  man,  was  encouraged 
to  rebel  against  his  uncle.  His  troops  were  routed 
at  Sedgemore.  Two  days  later  he  was  captured, 
and  soon  after  executed.  Mr.  D'Anvers  was  con 
cerned  in  some  meetings  held  to  help  the  unfortu 
nate  duke.  After  the  fight  at  Sedgemore  he  fled 
to  Holland,  where  he  died  in  lOSti. 

Dargan,  Rev.  Jeremiah. — Miss  Anna  More, 

of  Bertie  Co..  N.  C.,  wishing  to  lie  baptized,  went 
into  South  Carolina  in  search  of  a  Baptist  preacher. 
She  there  met  Mr.  Dargan,  who,  having  baptized 
her.  also  married  her.  and  with  her  returned  to 
North  Carolina.  He  was  the  founder  of  Coslin 
and  Wiccacon  churches,  and  died  in  178C>. 

Dargail,  J.  0.  B.,  D.D. — Mr.  Dargan's  ancestors 
were  conspicuous  in  both  church  and  state  during 
the  Revolutionary  Avar.  His  grandfather,  Rev. 
Timothy  Dargan.  and  Dr.  Richard  Furinan  were  co- 
laborers  in  religious  and  political  fields,  and  the 
intimate  friendship  formed  between  them  has  de 
scended  unbroken  through  several  generations. 


D ARROW 


308 


DAVIDSON 


Dr.  Durban   was  born  in  Darlington  Co.,  S.  C., 
on  the  9th  of  August,  1813.     His  early  advantages 


.1.   <).    Ii.   DAKGAN.    D. I). 

for  education  were  good,  and  he  "remembered  his 
Creator  in  the  days  of  his  youth."  He  was  bap 
tized  in  his  seventeenth  year,  and  at  once  became 
an  active  worker  in  the  Masters  vineyard.  Having 
been  licensed  to  preach,  he  entered  Furman  Insti 
tution  in  1833,  and  spent  two  years  in  preparing 
for  his  life-work. 

His  first  pastorate  was  with  the  Cheraw  church. 
In  1S3(>  he  became  pastor  of  the  Black  Creek 
church,  and  lie  still  sustains  this  relation. 

A  very  gratifying  part  of  his  labors  has  been 
among  the  colored  people.  During  the  war  lie 
baptized  (J7  in  one  day. 

He  has  always  been  an  active  friend  of  missions, 
Sunday-schools,  and  of  every  good  work.  He  is 
one  of  the  oldest  and  most  respected  ministers  in 
the  State.  He  has  never  changed  his  residence  in 
the  forty-four  years  of  his  married  life.  Few  min 
isters  indeed  have  maintained  themselves  so  long 
in  one  community. 

Of  his  wife,  it  is  enough  to  say  she  is  a  grand 
daughter  of  Rev.  Evan  Pugh,  and  she  is  in  all  re 
spects  worthy  of  her  grandfather. 

Darrow,  Rev.  Zadoc,  only  son  of  Ebenezer 
Darrow,  was  born  Dec.  25  (0.  S.),  1728.  His 
mother  was  a  'Rogers,  and  a  descendant  of  the 
martyr  John.  He  was  educated  as  an  Episco 
palian,  but  was  converted  under  the  preaching  of 
Rev.  Joshua  Morse,  a  New  Light,  and  afterwards  a 
Baptist,  He  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 


church  in  Waterford,  Conn.,  in  17GU,  and  continued 
in  that  relation,  with  large  and  happy  success,  till 
his  death,  in  1827,  at  the  age  of  ninety-nine,  closing 
a  ministry  of  nearly  sixty  years.  A  large  portion 
of  Eastern  Connecticut  felt  the  deep  impress  of  his 
thoughts  and  character.  His  grandson,  Rev.  Fran 
cis  Darrow,  was  associated  with  him  in  1809,  and 
continued  to  serve  the  church  till  his  death,  in 
1851,  at  the  age  of  seventy-one,  in  the  forty-first 
year  of  his  ministry.  His  success  was  like  that  of 
his  grandfather. 
Davidson,  Rev.  George,  was  born  Feb.  14,  1825, 

at  Pruntytown,  Taylor  Co.,  AV.  A'a.  lie;  married 
in  1851,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Cleon  Keys, 
March,  1854;  was  licensed  to  preach  March,  1857, 
and  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Pruntytown  church 
March  14,  1858.  He  continued  as  pastor  of  the 
Pruntytown  and  other  churches  for  nine  years, 
and  is  now  and  has  been  for  the  last  fifteen  years 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Grafton.  lie  has 
attained  a  good  degree  of  eminence  and  success  in 
his  work  ;  has  been  president  of  the  General  Asso 
ciation  of  the  State  ;  is  a  fine  preacher,  and  a  model 
pastor;  and  his  church  is  efficient  in  benevolent 
enterprises  and  in  Christian  influence. 
Davidson,  Thomas  Leslie,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Edinburgh,  Scotland.  Sept.  6,  1825.  When  a  lad 
of  eight  years  of  age  lie  left  his  native  country  and 
came  to  Canada.  He  was  baptized  in  1841.  and 
was  educated  at  the  Baptist  college  in  Montreal, 
where  he  spent  four  years  (1843-47).  In  the  month 
of  August,  1847,  he  was  ordained  pastor  in  Picker 
ing.  Ontario,  where  he  remained  until  December, 
1850,  and  then  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  in  the 
city  of  Brantford,  with  which  he  remained  a  little 
more  than  nine  years,  resigning  in  April.  1800. 
He  was  greatly  prospered  in  his  ministry  while  at 
Brantford.  having  baptized  308  persons  and  built 
two  churches.  In  1854  he  became  editor  of  the 
Christian  M<-s*eiif/cr,  now  the  C(t>trt<Iian  Ihtplist, 
of  Toronto.  He  was  elected  secretary  of  the  Bap 
tist  Missionary  Convention  of  Ontario  in  1857.  and 
held  the  office  fifteen  years  successively.  He  was 
re-elected  in  1870  and  served  two  years.  His  pas 
torates  after  leaving  Brantford  were  in  St.  George 
(1800-00),  Elgin  (1860-73),  and  in  Guelph  (1873- 
77).  For  one  year  (1877-78)  he  was  general  finan 
cial  and  traveling  secretary  of  the  Ontario  Baptist 
Convention.  In  December,  1878,  he  became  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Chatham,  where  he  now  (1880)  re 
sides.  Rochester  University,  in  1855,  conferred  on 
him  the  degree  of  A.M.,  and  in  1803  that  of  D.D. 
He  published,  in  1858.  a  work  on  baptism  and 
communion. 

Up  to  the  time  of  writing  this  sketch  Dr.  David 
son  has  secured  the  building  of  six  Baptist  churches, 
has  baptized  over  1000  persons,  preached  at  the  dedi 
cation  of  over  fifty  Baptist  meeting-houses  in  the 


D  A  VIES 


309 


DA  VIES 


province  of  Ontario,  and  taken  part  in  the  ordina 
tion  of  about  sixty  pastors.     As  the  result  of  his 


THOMAS     LESLIE    DAVIDSON'.    D.D. 

ministerial   labors  a  number  of  Baptist  churches 
have  been  gathered  in  the  province. 
Davies,  Benjamin,   Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  was  bom 

Feb.  '20.  IS  14,  in  Carmarthenshire,  "Wales.  In  early 
life  he  gave  evidence  of  fervent  piety,  and  began  to 
preach  before  he  was  sixteen  years  old.  lie  was 
received  as  a  ministerial  student  at  Bristol  Col 
lege  in  1830,  where  he  made  marked  progress  in 
those  studies  by  which  in  after-life  he  was  so  dis 
tinguished.  On  the  conclusion  of  his  course  at 
Bristol  he  proceeded  to  the  Universities  of  Dublin 
and  Glasgow,  and  finally  to  Germany,  where  he 
formed  life-long  friendships  with  Tholuck,  Ewald, 
Rodiger.  and  other  eminent  scholars  in  Hebrew 
and  Oriental  literature,  lie  left  Germany  in  1S3S 
wirh  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Leipsic  University, 
and  took  charge  of  the  Baptist  Theological  Institu 
tion  at  Montreal.  Canada.  Here  he  resided  for  six 
years,  and  married  Miss  Eliza  Try,  of  Portland, 
Me.  In  1844  he  went  to  England  to  take  the 
presidency  of  Stepney  College,  which  position  IK; 
held  until  1847.  when  he  returned  to  Canada  as 
professor  in  McGill  College,  Montreal.  He  spent 
ten  years  at  this  post,  and  pursued  with  ardor  his 
favorite  Oriental  studies.  He  finally  returned  to 
England  in  1857,  and  became  classical  and  Oriental 
tutor  at  Stepney  College,  just  then  removed  to 
Regent's  Park,  under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Angus. 
Here  for  eighteen  years  he  labored,  attracting  the 
almost  filial  attachment  of  his  students  and  the 


high  respect  of  distinguished  Biblical  scholars  of 
all  denominations.  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  hon 
ored  him  with  the  degree  of  LL.D.  lie  engaged 
largely  in  literary  work,  writing  or  editing  the 
notes  to  portions  of  the  Annotated  Paragraph 
Bible,  published  by  the  Religious  Tract  Society; 
assisting  Dr.  Payne  Smith,  the  Dean  of  Canterbury, 
in  the  preparation  of  his  "  Syriac  Lexicon"  :  and 
in  preparing  successive  editions  of  his  own  well- 
known  "  Student's  Grammar''  and  "  Student's  Lex 
icon  of  the  Hebrew  Language."  He  was  an  active 
member  of  the  Philological  Society,  and  when  the 
work  of  revising  the  Authorized  Version  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures  was  undertaken  by  a  committee 
of  the  Convocation  of  the  Established  Church,  the 
name  of  Dr.  Davies  was  one  of  the  first  which  it 
was  resolved  to  include  as  representing  Biblical 
scholarship  among  the  Non-conformists,  lie  be 
came  a  member  of  the  Old  Testament  Company 
of  Revisers,  he  and  his  old  friend  and  fellow- 
student,  Dr.  Gotch,  being  the  Baptist  members  of 
the  company.  In  this  great  and  honorable  work 
he  took  the  deepest  interest.  His  health  began  to 
fail  in  the  spring  of  1876.  and  he  died  July  19,  in 
his  sixty-second  year. 

Davies,  Daniel,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Carmarthen 
shire,  Wales,  Dec.  15,  17(,<7.  His  parents  removed 
to  Dowlais,  Glamorganshire,  when  he  was  quite 
young.  At  the  age  of  seven  he  had  aii  attack  of 
smallpox,  which  left  him  sightless.  In  his  six 
teenth  year  he  was  admitted  into  the  college  for 
the  blind  at  Liverpool.  He  united  in  his  boyhood 
with  the  Welsh  Presbyterians,  and  commenced 
preaching  in  connection  with  that  body.  His 
ability  was  such  as  to  command  attention.  He 
continued  laboring  with  growing  acceptance  in  the 
church  of  his  parents  until  a  book  written  by 
Abraham  Booth  on  the  "Kingdom  of  Christ"  was 
read  to  him.  This  had  the  effect  of  revolutionizing 
his  mind  on  several  questions  bearing  on  the  polity 
of  the  New  Testament  church.  Having  declared 
himself  a  convert  to  Baptist  principles,  he  was 
baptized  on  a  profession  of  his  faith  by  David 
Saunders.  a  man  of  eminence  in  his  day.  He  was 
nt  this  time  twenty-three  years  of  age.  Having 
spent  five  years  with  the  Welsh  church  in  London, 
he  was  invited  to  succeed  the  Rev.  Joseph  Harries 
(Goiner),  one  of  the  most  gifted  men  of  his  age,  at 
Bethesda,  Swansea.  Here  he  labored  with  dis 
tinguished  success  for  a  period  of  thirty  years, 
having  under  his  care  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
intellectual  churches  in  the  Principality.  In  1855 
he  left  Swansea  for  Cardigan,  another  stronghold 
of  Baptist  influence.  His  later  years  wort;  spent 
in  Glamorganshire,  under  the  genial  roof  of  his 
son-in-law,  the  Rev.  John  Rowlands. 

For  at  least  forty  years  the  Rev.  Daniel  Davies 
was  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  figures  in  the 


DA  VIKS 


310 


DA  VIES 


Baptist  pulpit  of  the  Principality.  His  reputation 
was  as  far-reaching  as  the  language  in  which  he 
preached.  No  Associational  gathering  was  consid 
ered  complete  without  his  presence,  and  however 


DAMKI,     DAVIES,    !».!>. 

highly  wrought  the  expectations  of  the  multitude, 
they  were  never  disappointed  in  the  "blind  man." 

His  mind  was  richly  stored  with  every  variety 
of  useful  knowledge.  Although  deprived  of  sight. 
he  had  an  acquaintance  with  books  which  im 
pressed  with  wonder  those  who  casually  associated 
with  him.  lie  could  converse  freely  and  intelli 
gently  upon  almost  any  subject  that  would  be 
likely  to  interest  the  thoughtful.  He  kept  some 
one  ever  at  his  side  whose  business  it  was  to  un 
fold  the  treasures  of  the  wise  and  learned,  while 
he  assorted,  arranged,  and  labeled  them  for  their 
appropriate  places  in  his  well-ordered  mind. 

He  was  intellectually  fitted  to  feel  at  home  in  the 
discussion  of  great  truths  and  principles.  It.  was  a 
rich  treat  to  hear  him  on  an  important  occasion. 
He  was  like  one  of  those  transatlantic  steamers 
that  must  be  seen  in  deep  waters  and  a  heavy  sea  to 
be  appreciated.  He  never  appeared  to  better  ad 
vantage  than  when  out  in  mid-ocean,  with  sails  full 
set  and  filled  with  an  impassioned  gale  of  feeling, 
when  the  steam-power  of  conviction  and  the  sail- 
power  of  inspirational  enthusiasm  united  to  propel 
him  through  the  deep  and  turbulent  waters  of 
some  great  discussion. 

Tie  was  a  delightful  ministerial  companion. 
Even  to  old  age  he  retained  his  youthfulness  and 
vivacity.  Though  dead,  he  still  lives  in  the  af 


fections  and  spiritually-quickened  lives  of  thou 
sands  of  his  countrymen,  among  whom  is  the 
writer  of  this  sketch. 

Davies,  George,  of  Charlottetown,  Prince  Ed 
ward  Island,  is  of  Welsh  extraction,  a  wealthy  mer 
chant,  and  prominent  member  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  that  town  ;  is  very  benevolent,  and  has  mad*1 
magnificent  contributions  to  the  various  enterprises 
sustained  by  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the 
maritime  provinces. 

Davies,  Rev.  John,  son  of  William  and  Mary 
(Jones)  Pavies,  was  born  in  Birmingham.  Kng- 
land,  April  11,  1S37:  spent  his  early  years  in 
Shrewsbury;  was  educated  at  Ilawden  College, 
Yorkshire  ;  at  the  age  of  twenty-five  was  ordained, 
in  Birmingham,  pastor  of  the  Bond  Street  Baptist 
church,  where  he  successively  labored  for  more 
than  live  years;  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1S()7:  preached  first  in  Danbury,  Conn.,  then  ac 
cepted  a  call  to  the  Baptist  church  in  South  Nor- 
walk,  where  his  ministry  was  blessed,  for  more  than 
four  years  ;  in  April,  1S72,  he  became!  pastor  of  the 
Central  Baptist  church  in  Norwich,  one  of  the  prin 
cipal  churches  in  the  State:  his  assiduous  toil  was 
largely  prospered  :  easy  and  eloquent  as  a  speaker  ; 
withal  a  poet  and  writer  for  periodicals:  thoroughly 
interested  in  every  good  cause, —  missions,  educa 
tion,  and  temperance  :  served  the  city  on  the  School 
Board  :  was  active  in  the  Baptist  State  Convention  : 
beloved  by  all  who  knew  him  in  England  and  in 
this  country;  married,  November.  1863,  Emily 
White,  of  Birmingham,  England,  a  lady  of  rare 
talents,  attainments,  and  character;  had  three  sons 
and  two  daughters.  On  Sunday.  Dec.  2S,  1>7'.(, 
while  delivering  an  annual  memorial  discourse,  he 
fell  in  the  pulpit,  and  was  unconscious  for  a  time; 
went  to  England,  seeking  rest  and  recuperation. 
Died  April  19,  1SSO,  aged  forty-three  years,  and 
was  buried  in  Birmingham,  where  he  expired. 

Davies,  Thomas,  D.D.,  president  of  the  Baptist 
College,  Ilaverford- West.  Wales,  was  born  near  Saint 
Mellnn's.  Monmouthshire,  in  1S12.  He  was  bap- 
ti/.ed  when  about  eighteen  years  of  age  by  the  Rev. 
Evan  Jones  Caesbach,  a  minister  of  considerable 
distinction  in  his  day.  He  began  to  exercise  his 
gifts  as  a  preacher  in  1S31.  He  was  educated  at 
the  Baptist  College.  Bristol,  and  spent  the  years  of 
his  early  ministry  in  Merthyr-Tydvil,  Glamorgan 
shire. 

In  the  year  1855  the  presidency  of  the  college  at 
Haverford-West  became  vacant  through  the  death 
of  the  venerated  David  Davies.  who  had  occupied 
the  position  with  signal  ability  and  acceptance 
from  its  incipiency.  In  the  effort  of  the  denomi 
nation  to  secure  a  man  to  carry  forward  a  work 
which  had  been  so  well  begun,  the  unanimous  choice 
fell  upon  the  Rev.  Thomas  Davies,  of  Merthyr.  He 
brought  to  his  new  and  arduous  position  a  cultivated 


D  A  VIS 


311 


DA  VIS 


mind  and  ripe  scholarship.  Under  his  adminis 
tration  the  institution  has  grown  in  importance 
and  influence,  giving  to  the  churches  some  of  their 
most  efficient  leaders. 

During  all  the  years  of  Dr.  Divvies' s  presidency 
lie  has  sustained,  either  jointly  or  alone,  the  pas 
torate  of  one  of  the  largest  churches  in  the  conntv. 
I'o  hear  him  preach  twenty  years  ago  was  an  in 
spiration.  He  was  a  model  of  eloquence,  which 
for  purity  and  pungency  could  scarcely  he  sur 
passed.  It  is  generally  admitted  by  those  who 
were  under  his  preceptorship  in  th;>se  earlier  years, 
that  his  efforts  in  the  pulpit  left  a  deeper  impress 
on  their  character,  both  as  men  and  as  ministers, 
than  his  efforts  in  the  class. 

He  is  now  in  his  sixty-ninth  year,  prosecuting 
his  work  both  in  the  college  and  in  the  church  with 
recognized  efficiency. 

Davis,  Rev.  Elnathan,  w;is  1,  ,rn  in  .Maryland 
in  1739:  his  parents  were  Seventh-Day  Baptists, 
but  he  was  wild  and  reckless. 

"  He  heard  that  one  John  Steward  was  to  be  bap 
tized  on  a  certain  day  by  .Mr.  Stevens  :  the  candi 
date  was  a  very  large  man,  and  the  minister  small 
of  stature,  and  he  concluded  that  there  would  be 
some  diversion,  if  not  drowning,  and  so  he  gathered 
eight  or  ten  of  his  companions  in  wickedness  and 
went  to  the  spot.  When  Mr.  Stevens  commenced 
his  sermon  Elnathan  drew  near  to  hear  him.  while 
his  companions  stood  at  a  distance.  He  was  no 
sooner  in  the  throng  than  he  perceived  that  some 
of  the  people  trembled  as  if  in  an  ague  fit.  lie  ran 
to  his  companions,  but  the  charm  of  Stevens' s  voice 
drew  him  to  the  listening  multitude  again,  lie, 
with  many  others,  sank  to  the  ground  ;  when  he 
came  to  himself  he  found  nothing  in  himself  but 
dread  and  anxiety.  He  obtained  relief  by  putting 
his  trust  in  Jesus.'' 

lie  was  baptized  on  a  profession  of  his  faith,  and 
he  began  at  once  to  preach  Jesus.  lie  moved  to 
North  Carolina  in  1T.")7.  and  was  ordained  in  17G4 
by  the  celebrated  Samuel  Harriss.  of  Virginia.  lie 
remained  in  Xorth  Carolina  till  179X,  when  he 
settled  in  South  Carolina,  in  the  bounds  of  the 
Saluda  Association,  and  he  labored  in  that  region 
till  his  death.  Mr.  Davis  was  a  miracle  of  mercy, 
and  a  useful  minister  of  Jesus. 

Davis,  Judge  Ezekiel  W.,  settled  at  Grand 
Rapids  in  1X34.  He  commenced  his  Christian  life 
in  another  denomination.  His  first  child  was  the 
devoted  and  efficient  Mrs.  Jewett.  our  missionary 
among  the  Teloogoos.  The  question  of  her  baptism 
as  an  infant  led  him  to  investigations  which  made 
him  a  Baptist.  lie  united  with  the  Indian  mission 
church  at  Grand  Rapids,  until  another  was  formed 
in  the  city,  after  which  he  ever  bore  an  interested 
and  leading  part  in  this  church.  He  was  always 
ready  to  do  the  work  of  an  evangelist  among  the 


destitute  and  afflicted,  preaching  to  them  as  Provi 
dence  called,  though  not  hearing  or  seeking  the 
ministerial  name.  His  death  was  in  1S74.  on  the 
verge  of  fourscore  years,  half  of  which  lie  had 
spent  at  Grand  Rapids.  lie  was  born  in  Eliza 
beth.  X.  J.,  but  grew  to  manhood  in  the  vicinity  of 
Utica,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Elon 
Galnsha. 

Davis,  Rev.  George  Edwin,  of  Welsh  parents, 

was  born  in  London,  Kngland,  March  7.  1824;  emi 
grated  with  his  parents  to  the  I'nited  States  in 
1828;  was  educated  in  Xew  York  :  was  first  officer 
of  a  ship  sailing  to  California  in  1X49:  converted 
and  baptized  the  same  year  ;  began  to  preach  and 
talk  of  Jesus  at  once,  in  San  Francisco,  especially 
among  seamen  :  licensed  in  lxf>f).  ordained  in  1X50, 
and  became  pastor  of  the  Mariners'  church  :  has 
done  much  mission  work  in  California;  organized 
the  San  Pablo  and  other  churches:  was  pastor  at 
San  Pablo  and  Redwood  City:  is  now  pastor  of 
the  South  San  Francisco  Mission  church.  lie  has 
much  Welsh  fire  and  magnetism  in  preachin^ 

I  o 

Excessive  labor  has  impaired  his  vocal  organs,  but 

in  missionary  zeal  the  ardor  of  youth  is  unabated. 

Davis,  Hon.  George  F.,  was  born  in  Brighton, 

Mass.,   Feb.    1(5.  1S20.      His  father,  Samuel   Davis, 


1IOX.   (iF.ORGE    F.    DAVIS. 


originally  a  Unitarian,  became  a  Baptist,  and  on 
his  removal  to  Qnincy,  111.,  in  1S35,  was  instru 
mental  in  forming  the  First  Baptist  church  of  that 
city.  At  the  first  baptism  after  the  organization 
of  this  church,  George  F.  confessed  Christ.  In 
1838  he  left  his  father's  home  in  Quincv  and  re- 


DA  17X 


312 


DA  VIS 


moved  to  Cincinnati,  0.,  whore  he  engaged  in  busi 
ness,  and  where  he  still  lives. 

Mr.  Davis  has  been  an  active  and  successful  busi 
ness  man.  and  has  boon  much  in  public  life.  He 
was  president  of  the  first  board  of  aldermen  in  the 
city  of  Cincinnati,  and  has  been  several  times  presi 
dent  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  lie  is  a  very 
effective  public  speaker,  and  has  represented  his 
city  and  denomination  on  many  important  public 
occasions,  lie  has  also  frequently  been  called  to 
preside  over  conventions  in  Sunday-school  and 
church  work,  and  has  been  on  almost  all  the  offi 
cial  boards  of  our  national  organizations.  All  his 
life  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  Sunday-school.  He 
was  one  of  the  constituent  members  of  the  Mount 
Auburn  Baptist  church,  and  also  one  of  the  projec 
tors  and  owners  of  the  Mount  Auburn  Institute,  a 
school  of  high  grade  for  young  ladies.  lie  is  one 
of  the  most  valued  trustees  of  Denison  University. 

Mr.  Davis  is  a  pronounced  Baptist,  and  has  the 
confidence  of  the  entire  community.  lie  was  mar 
ried  in  1841  to  Miss  X.  AV.  Wilson,  who  is  still 
living.  He  has  live  sons,  all  located  in  Cincinnati. 

Davis,  Gustavus  Fellowes,  D.D.,  son  of  Isaac 

Davis,  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  March  17,  1797  : 
at  his  father's  death,  in  1803,  moved  to  Roxbury  ; 
studied  in  Dedham,  under  Rev.  Mr.  White,  and  in 
Roxbury  under  Dr.  Prentiss  :  in  1813  went  to 
Worcester  to  learn  a  trade,  and  was  converted 
under  the  preaching  of  Rev.  William  Bentley,  and 
joined  the  Baptist  church  ;  was  devoted  to  the 
study  of  the  Bible  and  of  books:  began  preaching 
at  the  age  of  seventeen,  in  Hampton,  Conn.  ;  in 
March,  1815,  moved  to  Preston,  Conn.,  where  he 
was  ordained  June  13,  1816;  the  first  person  bap 
tized  by  him  was  but  nine  years  old,  and  a  great 
impression  was  made;  in  1818  settled  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  South  Reading,  Mass.,  and  re 
mained  eleven  years;  studied  Greek  and  Latin, 
walking  to  Boston  to  recite  to  Mr.  Winchell  and 
Dr.  Francis  AVayland  ;  in  1829  removed  to  Hart 
ford,  Conn.,  first  to  assist  Rev.  W.  Bentley,  but 
finally  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  ;  in 
1835  received  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from 
Weslcyan  University,  Middletown  ;  married  Jan. 
5,  1817,  Abigail  Leonard,  of  Preston,  Conn.;  had 
three  sons  and  three  daughters  :  wrote  and  pub 
lished  numerous  addresses  and  sermons  :  at  South 
Reading  compiled  a  hymn-book  for  conference 
meetings;  was  a  chief  agent  in  establishing  the 
Connecticut  Literary  Institution  in  Suffield  ;  a 
studious,  executive,  devout,  noble,  efficient  man  ; 
died  Sept.  17,  1836,  in  his  fortieth  year. 

Davis,  Gustavus  Fellowes,  Esq.,  a  banker  of 

Hartford,  Conn.,  son  of  Rev.  Gustavus  F.  Davis, 
D.D.,  was  born  in  North  Stonington,  Conn.,  Jan. 
4,  1818;  was  educated  at  the  Hartford  Grammar 
School,  and  in  the  academy  at  Westfield,  Mass.  ; 


was  prevented  from  pursuing  his  collegiate  course 
by  weak  eves;  entered  business  circles;  has  now 
(1880)  been  engaged  in  the  banking  business  for 
forty-six  years  ;  is  president  of  the  City  National 
Bank,  of  Hartford,  and  of  the  State  Savings  Bank  ; 
vice-president  of  the  Travelers'  Insurance  Com 
pany  ;  director  in  the  .Etna  Insurance  Company; 
trustee  in  Connecticut  Mutual  Safe  Deposit  Com 
pany  ;  treasurer  of  the  South  School  District  of 
Hartford;  trustee  of  the  Connecticut  Literary  In 
stitution  at  Suffield,  and  of  the  Baptist  Education 
Society  :  was  elected  during  the  past  year  a  repre 
sentative  from  Hartford  to  the  State  Legislature; 
has  maintained  through  life  an  active  interest  in 
educational  affairs;  is  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Baptist  denomination,  and  deeply  interested  in  its 
prosperity  ;  a  worthy  son  of  a  worthy  father. 

Davis,  Isaac,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  North- 
borough.  Mass..  June  '1.  1799.  He  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  the  class  of  IS±_>.  Among 
his  classmates  were  Rev.  Dr.  Caswell,  Rev.  Dr.  1>. 
C.  Cutler.  Prof.  J.  W.  Farnum,  and  Hon.  Solomon 
Lincoln.  Mr.  Davis  studied  law.  and  having  been 
admitted  to  the  bar,  commenced  the  practice  of  his 
profession  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  in  which  he  achieved 
irreat  success.  Tie  has  always  been  a  decided  Bap 
tist,  identifying  himself  in  many  ways  with  the  in 
terests  of  the  denomination,  and  by  his  counsels 
and  benefactions,  helping  forward  every  good  cause 
represented  by  the  different  religious  organizations 
which  were  brought  into  existence  by  the  xeal  and 
benevolence  of  leading  Baptists.  His  love  for  the 
college  where  he  received  his  education  has  never 
flagged,  but  amid  all  its  fortunes  he  has  proved 
himself  its  staunch  and  constant  friend.  He  was 
chosen  a  member  of  its  board  of  trustees  in  1838, 
and  a  Fellow  in  1S51.  For  forty  years  he  was 
president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Worcester 
Academy,  which  has  done  so  much  in  fitting  young 
men  for  Brown  University.  Mr.  Davis  has  also 
taken  an  active  part  in  all  plans  designed  to  pro 
mote  the  welfare  of  the  city  which  for  so  many 
years  has  been  his  home.  He  was  its  mayor  for 
three  years.  In  the  politics  of  the  State  he  has 
also  been  interested.  For  eleven  years  he  was  in 
the  State  senate.  He  has  been  one  of  the  gov 
ernor's  council.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  Education, 
and  rendered  efficient  service  in  elevating  the  tone 
of  public  sentiment  with  reference  to  popular  edu 
cation,  thus  making  the  schools  of  Massachusetts 
the  glory  of  the  old  Bay  State.  In  some  respects 
Mr.  Davis  may  be  regarded  as  among  the  most  in 
fluential  Baptists  in  New  England.  He  has  loved 
the  cause  in  which  at  an  early  day  he  embarked, 
when  the  Baptists  occupied  a  position  in  society 
far  below  what  they  have  now  reached.  To  him, 
and  to  such  as  he,  the  denomination  are  greatly 


DA  YIK 


DA  VIS 


indebted,  under  God,  for  what  has  been  done  during 
the  past  fifty  years,  to  give  it  the  rank  which  it 
now  holds  among  the  other  Christian  denomina 
tions. 

Davis,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Ilopkinton, 
X.  II.,  Xov.  6.  177- ;  converted  about  17'M  ;  grad 
uated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  17US  ;  ordained  in 
Vermont  by  the  Congregationalisms  in  1SIJ4  :  in 
IS IfJ  became  a  Baptist,  and  was  baptized  Oct.  12. 
181G,  by  Rev.  Asa  "\Vilcox  :  by  his  own  request  was 
reordained  in  Lyme,  Conn.,  Xov.  14.  iSlfi ;  laljored 
successfully  as  an  evangelist;  was  of  great  service 
in  founding  the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution, 
at  Suffield.  Conn.  :  was  the  instrument  of  adding 
800  members  to  Baptist  churches  :  died  in  Ab- 
ington,  Mass.,  May  28,  1821  ;  a  noble  toiler  in 
Connecticut. 

Davis,  Rev.  James,  one  of  the  most  useful 
ministers  that  ever  lived  in  the  western  part  of 
Georgia,  including  Co\veta,  Troup.  Heard,  Meri- 
wether,  and  the  adjacent  counties,  was  born  in 
Wilkes  County,  Jan.  ±2,  1805.  lie  married,  and 
joined  the  church  when  quite  a  young  man,  and 
never  afterwards  could  relate  his  Christian  experi 
ence  without  manifesting  deep  emotion.  He  moved 
from  Elbert  to  Jasper  County  in  1X2('>,  where  he 
was  both  licensed  and  ordained.  Returning  to  El 
bert  County  in  1S2S,  he  preached  there  for  several 
years,  with  increasing  power  and  success.  About 
Is30  lie  moved  to  the  western  part  of  the  State, 
where  he  spent  the  remaining  portion  of  his  life, 
acting  as  a  pioneer  Baptist,  and  proclaiming  those 
Baptist  principles  which,  to-day,  flourish  so  exten 
sively  in  that  section.  Strong  in  native  intellect, 
robust  in  constitution,  untiring  in  energy,  and  im 
pelled  by  the  sole  desire  to  "preach  Christ  cruci 
fied,'1  Mr.  Davis  left  his  impress  on  the  entire  sec 
tion  of  country  in  which  lie  lived.  lie  assisted  in 
the  constitution  of  the  Baptist  church  at  LaGrange, 
and,  indeed,  of  most  of  the  Baptist  churches  in  the 
counties  where  he  labored.  A  friend  of  education, 
strongly  missionary  in  spirit,  an  earnest,  devout, 
gifted,  and  eloquent  preacher,  he  struggled  nobly 
to  disseminate  the  great  truths  of  Christianity,  as 
maintained  by  our  denomination  ;  and  he  did  as 
much  to  give  moral  tone  to  the  community  in  which 
he  lived  as  any  man. 

Good  and  useful  while  here,  he  died  as  he  lived, 
in  the  faith  of  Jesus.  He  passed  away  in  September, 
1859,  at  hks  home  in  Heard  Countv.  To  his  only 
absent  son,  Kev.  Wm.  II.  Davis,  then  residing  at 
Hephzibah,  Ga.,  he  sent  this  simple  message: 
'•  Strive,  my  son,  to  be  a  good  minister  of  the 
gospel,  and  meet  me  in  glory."  We  know  that  one 
injunction  has  been  fulfilled,  and  we  have  every 
reason  to  believe  that  both  have  been. 

Davis,  Rev.  John,  was  born  at  Pennepek.  Pa., 
Sept.  10,  1721.     lie  was  ordained  in  1756,  and,  re- 
21 


moving  to  Maryland,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Bap 
tist  church  at  Winter  Rim.  Hartford  Co..  Md., 
which  became  the  mother-church  of  Baptists  in 
that  State,  lie  continued  to  serve  this  church  with 
great  success  for  fifty-three  years.  The  First  Bap 
tist  church  in  Baltimore,  as  well  as  several  others 
still  vigorous,  owe  their  origin  to  his  efforts.  He 
was  a  man  of  untiring  energy  and  xral,  and  of  deep 
piety.  lie  traveled  much  and  preached  constantly, 
meeting  with  much  opposition  at  the  hands  of  those 
who  despised  and  persecuted  the  Baptists,  but 
through  it  all  was  greatly  blessed. 

Davis,  Gen.  John,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.— The  father 
of  (Jen.  Davis  was  born  in  October.  17l>0.  Before 
he  was  sixteen  years  of  age  he  entered  the  Revo 
lutionary  army,  in  which  he  served  till  the  war  was 
over.  lie  fought  at  Brandywine.  Germantnwn, 
Monmouth,  Stony  Point,  and  at  Cowpens.  From 


GF.\.  JOHN   DAVIS. 

Trenton  to  Yorktown  he  was  at  his  country's  ser 
vice  to  fight  or  die.  He  was  an  ensign  in  Lafayette's 
light  infantry,  and  assisted  in  carrying  that  general 
from  the  field  when  he  was  wounded  at  Brandy- 
wine.  He  was  very  obnoxious  to  the  Tories,  and 
on  one  occasion  when  at  home  on  leave  of  absence 
lie  was  only  saved  from  capture  in  his  own  house 
by  an  ingenious  effort  at  concealment  when  it  was 
searched. 

(Jen.  John  Davis  was  the  second  of  the  seven 
children  of  John  Davis,  Sr.,  and  of  Ann  Simpson, 
his  wife.  He  was  born  Aug.  7.  17SS,  and  died 
April  1,  1S7S,  in  his  ninetieth  year.  He  was  about 
six  feet  high,  with  a  commanding  and  courteous 


DA  I'fS 


314 


DA  rrs 


presence ;  with  a  luce  l)caniing  with  intelligence, 
and  an  ample  forehead.  In  any  company  the  ap- 
pearance  of  Gen.  [)avis  would  have  proclaimed  him 

a  natural  leader  of  men,  not  only  where  the  stern 
authority  of  the  commander  was  needed,  hut  where 
large  mental  resources  were  required. 

The  educational  advantages  possessed  hy  the 
general  in  earlv  life  were  supplemented  hv  exten 
sive  readinir.  and  hv  the  retentivcness  of  a  memory 
that  seemed  to  forget  nothing,  and  when  he  entered 
upon  the  active  duties  of  manhood  he  had  the  cul 
ture  and  attainments  of  one  far  in  advance  of  his 
young  neighbors.  In  March,  1813,  In;  married 
Miss  Amy  Hart,  and  settled  in  the  neighborhood 
where  Davisville  now  stands,  a  village  to  which  the 
community  gave  the  name  of  the  general,  and  in 
that  heautiful  region  he  spent  the  last  sixty-live 
years  of  his  life. 

Soon  after  he  was  married  the  hlood  of  his  brave 
father  was  stirred  up  within  him  by  the  wrongs  his 
countrv  suffered  from  the  hostile  efforts  of  Great 
Britain,  and  by  the  dangers  Avliich  threatened  the 
nation,  and  in  September.  1S14,  he  volunteered  to 
march  to  the  defense  of  Washington.  His  name 
headed  the  roll  of  his  neighbors  and  friends,  who 
formed  a  rifle  company  commanded  by  ("'apt.  Wil 
liam  Purdy,  in  which  he  held  the  position  of  en- 
si  irn.  In  ISlf)  he  entered  the  State  militia,  and 
maintained  an  unbroken  connection  with  it  for 
thirty-five  years  ;  he  filled  every  position  from  cap 
tain  to  major-general,  and  three  times  he  was 
elected  major-general  of  the  division  of  militia  be 
longing  to  Bucks  and  Montgomery  Counties. 

When  Lafayette  visited  this  country  in  1824, 
Gen.  Davis  received  him  with  his  regiment,  600 
strong,  at  the  Trenton  bridge,  at  Morrisville,  and 
escorted  him  to  the  Philadelphia  county-line,  where 
he  delivered  the  nation's  guest  to  the  authorities  of 
Philadelphia.  During  the  inarch  from  Morrisville, 
when  the  marquis  learned  that  it  was  the  general's 
father  who  assisted  in  carrying  him  from  the  field 
of  Brandywine,  he  threw  his  arms  around  his  neck 
and  embraced  him  with  every  demonstration  of 
gratitude  and  joy. 

(jen.  Davis  was  one  of  the  most  popular  men  in 
the  State,  and  his  fellow-citizens  loved  to  place  him 
in  public  positions;  indeed,  sometimes  the  difficulty 
was  rather  in  avoiding  than  in  securing  responsible 
and  lucrative  offices.  In  1S33,  Gov.  Wolf  appointed 
him  a  member  of  the  board  of  appraisers  of  dam 
ages  of  public  works  of  the  State.  Fn  1838  he  was 
elected  to  the  United  States  Congress,  and  he  served 
his  term  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  winning 
iroldcn  opinions  from  both  political  parties.  In 
March,  1S45,  President  Polk  appointed  him  sur 
veyor  of  the  port  of  Philadelphia,  which  he  held 
four  years,  and  then  retired  to  private  life. 

Gen.  Davis  was  sprinkled  in  infancy  among  the 


Presbyterians,  but  in  early  life  he  adopted  the  sen 
timents  of  the  Baptists,  which  he  held  very  de 
cidedly,  anil  worshipped  God  among  them  ever 
after,  though  he  always  regarded  his  old  friends 
with  affection.  After  he  formally  united  with  the 
church,  which  occurred  somewhat  late  in  life,  his 
piety  shone  forth  over  his  whole  movements,  and 
his  soul,  with  all  its  wealth  of  intellect,  influence, 
experience,  and  resources,  was  devoted  to  Christ. 

He  contributed  most  generously  to  sustain  the 
church,  to  support  foreign  and  home  missions,  ami 
to  aid  every  worthy  cause  ;  and  universal  sorrow 
burdened  tin;  entire  community  when  the  noble  old 
man  fell  into  the  sleep  of  death.  Twelve  ministers 
of  different  communities  were  at  his  funeral,  and 
throngs  of  persons  from  Bucks  and  neighboring 
counties  made  it  the  largest  assemblage  ever  gath 
ered  in  Bucks  County  to  honor  the  memory  of  one 
of  its  deceased  sons. 

Gen.  Davis  was  a  patriot  of  the  most  large- 
hearted  order,  a  gentleman  of  unusual  refinement 
and  courtesy,  a  Christian  largely  endowed  with  the 
grace  of  God,  and  a  citizen  loved  and  honored  by 
all  that  knew  him. 

Davis,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  England.  Nov. 
8,  181)3;  studied  at  Horton  College-,  ordained  at 
Portsea.  Hants;  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  at  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  in  1853;  pastor 
at  St.  George,  New  Brunswick,  in  1857;  next  year 
took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Charlotte- 
town,  Prince  Edward  Island,  where  he  died,  Aug. 
14,  1875.  He  was  a  good  thinker,  a  sound  theolo 
gian,  a  strong  Christian,  and  an  able  preacher. 

Davis,  Rev.  Nathan  M.,  long  an  efficient  min 
ister  of  Ouachita  Baptist  Association.  La.,  Avas  horn 
in  Mississippi.  1809,  and  died  May  19,  1880. 

Da. VIS,  Rev.  Noah,  Avas  born  in  Worcester  Co., 
Md.,  July  28,  1802.  Being  blessed  with  eminently 
pious  parents,  his  religious  training  was  specially 
cared  for.  His  early  education  Avas  such  as  the 
common  schools  of  the  neighborhood  afforded.  At 
the  age  of  sixteen  he  AVSVS  engaged  as  a  merchant's 
clerk  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  While  here  he 
experienced  a  change  of  heart,  and  Avas  baptized, 
July  4,  1819,  by  Dr.  Stmighton,  in  the  Sansom 
Street  church.  He  longed  to  preach  the  gospel; 
removed  to  Maryland,  and  united  with  the  church 
in  Salisbury,  and  Avas  licensed  to  preach  July  9, 
1820,  being  then  only  eighteen  years  of  age.  In 
November  of  the  same  year  he  joined  the  literary 
and  theological  institution  in  Philadelphia,  under 
the  care  of  Dr.  Stoughton  and  Prof.  Chase,  and 
when  the  Columbian  College  opened  in  1821,  he  en 
tered  upon  the  course  of  study  there.  His  zeal  to 
do  something  for  Christ  led  him  to  leave  the  college 
in  1823,  and  to  enter  upon  the  work  of  the  minis 
try  at  once.  While  pursuing  his  studies  Mr.  Davis 
preached  frequently,  and  did  much  good  by  visit- 


DAVIS 


315 


DAVIS 


ing  poor  families  in  the  neighborhood,  and  especially 
by  laboring  in  a  Sunday-school  organized  for  the  in 
struction  of  the  colored  people.  Shortly  after  leaving 
college  he  married  Miss  Mary  Young,  a  pious  and 
accomplished  lady,  who  greatly  aided  him  in  his 
ministerial  work.  For  a  while  he  labored  in  Acco- 
mac  Co..  Va.,  and  then  in  Norfolk,  and  in  both 
places  he  was  eminently  successful  in  building  up 
the  churches  with  which  he  labored,  and  in  coun 
teracting  the  withering  influence  of  Antinomianism 
so  prevalent  in  those  regions.  While  in  Norfolk 
Mr.  Davis  became  greatly  interested  in  the  welfare 
of  sailors,  formed  a  society  to  benefit  them,  and  com 
piled  an  excellent  selection  of  hymns  for  their  use. 
Indeed,  he  was  ever  active  in  all  plans  of  Christian 
benevolence.  It  was  owing  to  Mr.  Uavis's  sugges 
tions  that  the  Baptist  General  Tract  Society  was 
organized.  A  meeting  was  called  to  consider  the 
subject,  and  a  tract  society  formed  in  Washington, 
I).  C.,  Feb.  25,  1824.  which  was  placed  under  the 
supervision  of  Mr.  George  Wood.  The  society, 
however,  was  soon  removed  to  Philadelphia,  and 
Mr.  Davis  was  invited  to  accept  its  management, 
for  which  position  he  was  peculiarly  adapted,  inas 
much  as  his  mind  was  of  that  energetic  cast  fitted 
to  grasp  and  control  the  far-reaching  interests  of  a 
national  institution,  atid  his  views  and  aims  were 
loftv  and  noble.  But  he  was  not  permitted  to  labor 
long  in  this  congenial  field.  Always  somewhat 
feeble  in  health,  he  was  suddenly  taken  sick,  and 
after  a  very  brief  illness,  died  July  15,  1830,  when 
not  quite  twenty-eight  years  of  age. 

As  a  student,  Mr.  Davis  was  diligent,  and  his 
progress  rapid.  Jlis  mind  was  strong,  clear,  and 
energetic.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  more  than 
usually  interesting.  He  spoke  with  great  fluency 
and  sometimes  with  much  power  and  eloquence, 
while  his  simple  and  pointed  diction  always  won 
its  way  to  the  conscience.  As  a  Christian,  he 
burned  with  zeal  for  the  Master's  service,  his 
prayer  being.  "  Any  where,  or  anyhow,  only  let  me 
serve  my  generation  according  to  thy  will.''  lie 
lived  much  in  communion  with  God,  and  the 
strength  which  he  thus  acquired  flowed  out  in  acts 
of  love  upon  all  who  came  within  the  reach  of  his 
influence.  lie  lived  but  a  little  while  on  the  earth, 
but  his  faithful  labors  have  been  made  a  blessing 
to  many. 

Davis,  Noah  Knowles,  LL.D.,  son  of  Noah  and 

Mary  Young  Davis,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
May  15,  1830.  His  father  died  when  he  was  yet  an 
infant.  His  mother  married  Rev.  John  L.  Dagg, 
at  that  time  a  pastor  in  the  city,  and  the  family 
shortly  afterwards  removed  to  Tuscaloosa.  Ala.  In 
1843,  Dr.  Dagg  became  president  of  Mercer  Uni 
versity,  then  located  at  Penfield,  Ga.  Here  young 
Davis  was  baptized,  and  in  LV49  graduated  with 
high  honor,  lie  then  spent  several  years  in  his 


native  city  in  the  study  of  chemistry,  supporting 
himself  by  teaching,  by  service  in  an  architect's 
office,  and  by  editing  two  books,  the  "Model  Arch 
itect''  and  the  "Carpenter's  Guide.''  In  18;>2  he 
was  appointed  to  the  chair  of  Natural  Science  in 
Howard  College,  Marion,  Ala.  In  185(J  he  became 
principal  of  the  .Judson  Female  Institute,  at  the 
same  place,  which,  under  his  management,  attained 
I  its  highest  success,  having  during  the  six  years  of 
j  his  presidency  an  average  annual  attendance  of  225 
pupils.  In  18G8  he  was  elected  president  of  Bethel 
College,  Russellville,  Ky.  lie  reorganized  this  in 
stitution,  enlarged  its  curriculum,  raised  the  stand 
ard  of  scholarship,  and  thus  placed  the  college  on 
a  level  with  other  similar  institutions  in  the  country. 
In  his  position  as  president  of  Bethel  College  he 
had  an  opportunity  to  give  special  attention  to 
metaphysical  studies,  for  which  he  always  enter 
tained  a  preference.  In  1873  be  was  elected  to  the 
chair  of  Moral  Science  in  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia,  recently  made  vacant  by  the  death  of  W.  II. 
McGuffey,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  who  had  long  filled  it  with 
distinguished  success.  This  high  position  he  still 
holds.  As  a  teacher  he  is  enthusiastic  and  thorough, 
and  has  made  his  course  of  instruction  second  to 
that  in  no  institution  of  America,  lie  is  a,  clear 
and  forcible,  but  not  a  prolific,  writer.  Besides 
articles  in  reviews,  he  published  in  1880  (by  Har 
per  &  Bros.)  "  The  Theory  of  Thought,  a  Treatise 
on  Deductive  Logic."  This  work,  while  based  on 
the  writings  of  Aristotle,  and  aiming  to  reproduce 
his  logical  svstem.  is  yet  both  original  and  pro 
found.  Kverv  principle  enumerated  is  verified  by 
the  author's  own  processes  :  he  has  only  followed 
Aristotle  as  he  followed  the  laws  of  thought.  It  is 
not  too  much  to  say  that  he  has  produced  by  far  the 
most  acute,  original,  and  satisfactory  treatise  on 
logic  ever  written  in  this  country,  and  that  his 
book  deserves  a  place  among  the  best  on  the  subject 
in  the  English  language.  Space  will  not  allow 
even  a  bare  statement  of  the  many  excellencies  of 
this  admirable  work.  From  the  studies  he  has 
pursued  and  the  positions  he  has  filled,  it  may  easily 
be  inferred  that  Dr.  Davis  is  a  man  of  varied  and 
high  attainments.  While  not  disposed  to  seek  so 
ciety,  he  is  of  a  genial  and  social  disposition,  con 
versing  readily  and  well  on  a  great  variety  of  sub 
jects.  His  religious  convictions  are  strong,  and 
his  piety  deep,  genuine,  and  unobtrusive.  During 
the  sessions  of  the  university  he  lectures  on  Sun 
day  afternoons  on  select  portions  of  the  Bible,  and 
his  lectures  are  largely  attended  by  professors,  stu 
dents,  and  others.  His  presence  in  the  Associa- 
tional  meetings  of  his  denomination  is  always  wel 
come  :  and  his  addresses  on  public  occasions  are 
heard  with  attentioti  and  profit.  II is  own  words, 
in  a  letter  to  a  friend,  will  host  indicate  his  spirit, 
and  close  this  sketch  :  "A  homeless  wanderer  and 


31ft 


sojourner,  yet  ever  abundantly  blessed  by  a  kind 
Providence  all  through  an  ill-spent  life,  grant  me. 
mv  Master,  to  serve  thee  better  in  the  few  years 
or  days  that  are  left." 

Davis,    Rev.    Stephen,  was   born    at    Andover. 
England,  Oct.  30.   17N3,  of  parents  who  were.'  mem 
bers  of  the    Little  Wild    Street   church,  then   under 
the  charge  of  Dr.  Stennett.      His  first  deep  impres 
sions  of  religious  truth  he  ascribed  to  a  sermon  by 
Samuel    I'earce.    of  Birmingham,    which    he    heard 
when  he  was  about  thirteen,  but  he  was  converted 
under  Dr.  Rippon's  ministry,  and  was  baptized   in 
1SD2.      II is  Drifts  for  public  service  beinu:  recognized 
by  the  church  at   Devonshire   Square,  to  which  he 
had    united    himself    on   his   baptism,    he    was    or 
dained. lulv  II.  18K).      His  first  labors  were  given 
to  the  Baptist  Irish   Society,  then   recently  formed 
to  aid  in  reviving   the  ancient    Baptist  churches   in 
Ireland,  and  t»  diffuse  a  knowledge  of  the  gospel 
among    the   people.       lie   preached   in    Dublin   for 
several    months    with    great    acceptance,    and   was 
invited  to  remain   permanently  independent  of  the 
society,  but  he  proceeded   to  Clonmel.  and  during 
seven  years  evangelized  in  the  county  of  Tipperary 
with  apostolic  zeal.      His  ability  as  an  advocate  of 
the  claims  of  the  work  being  discovered,  he  was 
frequently  summoned  to  serve  the  society  as  itsdep- 
utati  >n.    In  the  years  1S32-33  he  visited  the  United 
States,  and  was  received  with   great  pleasure,     lie 
obtained  upwards  of  £1000.  and  diffused  valuable 
information  concerning  Irish   questions.     In   J837 
he  became   the   traveling   agent  of  the  society,   in 
which  laborious  vocation   he   spent  the  remaining 
years  of  his  life.      He  fell   asleep  in  -Jesus  Feb.  3. 
1S5I).   aged    seventy-two.       His    sons.    Dr.    George 
Henry  Davis  and    Stephen  -J.  Davis,  were  for  many 
years  esteemed  ministers  among  the  English  Bap 
tists. 

Davis,  Rev.  Wm.  H.,  was  born   in  Jasper  Co., 
Ga.,  Aug.  18.  1821).  and  died  Sept.  IS,  1879.  at  his 
residence   in    lleph/.ibah.      A   graduate   of  Mercer 
University  in  1853,  he  settled  in  Burke  County  in 
185S.  and  in  the  course  of  time  became  one  of  the 
most  prominent  and   useful   ministers  of  the  Reho- 
both  Association,     lie  was  often  its  moderator,  and 
pastor  of  a  number  of  its  churches,  including  Bark 
Camp,  Hopeful,  Bottsford.  and   Rocky  Creek.      He 
was  a,  trustee  of  Hep/.ibali    High   School  from   its 
commencement,  except  when  a  teacher  and  co-prin 
cipal  of  it,  from  18f>8  to  1875  inclusive.     From  187< 
until  his  death  he  was  a  trustee  of  Mercer  Univer 
sity,      lie  was    licensed    in    1847.  and    ordained    in 
1853.      Wm.  II.  Davis  was  a  man  of  classical  edu 
cation,  a  citizen  of  untarnished  reputation,  a  teacher 
of  rare  ability,  a  Christian  of  most  exemplary  de 
portment,    a    pastor   faithful   t •>    his   obligations,   a 
minister  of  the  gospel  surpassed  in   pulpit  power 
by  but  few,  if  any,  in  the  State.      He  was  clear  in 


the  presentation  of  Scriptural  truth,  logical  in  his 
reasoning,  and  pathetic  in  his  appeals. 

Mr.  Davis  was  of  a  commanding  appearance, 
about  medium  height,  weighing  over  two  hundred 
pounds,  of  dark  complexion,  pleasant  expression 
of  countenance,  kind  and  genial  in  spirit,  and  of 
polished  manners. 

Davol,   William  Hale,   M.D.,   was  born  in 

Warren,  R.  1..  -Inly  3.  1823.  He  was  fitted  for 
college  by  Rev.  Dr.  Stockbridge,  at  the  time  prin 
cipal  of  the  Warren  Ladies'  Seminary,  lie  gradu 
ated  at  Brown  University,  studied  medicine  in  his 
native  town,  and  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  from 
the  Massachusetts  Medical  School  in  1S5U.  After 
having  practised  in  Fall  River.  Mass.,  for  a  short 
time,  he  removed  to  Brooklyn,  X.  Y.  Here,  for 
eleven  years,  he  was  occupied  with  the  duties  ol  his 
profession,  in  which  he  was  rising  to  more  than 
ordinary  distinction,  when  he  was  arrested  in  the 
midst  of  his  prosperous  career  by  the  disease  which 
deepened  into  a  settled  consumption  ;  and  after 
resorting  to  all  methods  which  his  own  skill  and 
that  of  his  brother  physicians  suggested  to  avert 
the  dreaded  calamity,  he  returned  to  his  old  home  in 
Warren  to  die.  Dr.  Davol  had  professed  his  faith 
in  Christ  in  Brooklyn,  and  joined  the  Bridge  Street 
Baptist  church  in  that  city,  becoming  one  of  its 
deacons,  and  living  the  life  and  setting  the  example 
of  a  consistent  Christian.  His  death  took  place  in 
Warren,  June  12,  lSl',3. 

DaWSOn,  Hon.  George,  was  born  in  Falkirk, 
Scotland,  March  14,  1813.  At  eleven  years  of  age 
he  entered  a  printing-office,  and  was  thus  led  to 
adopt  the  profession  of  journalism.  He  has  a  varied 
and  accurate  knowledge  of  the  classics,  sciences, 
philosophy,  and  history.  He  has  been  a  reporter 
and  editor  for  forty-four  years;  for  thirty-nine 
years  he  has  been  the  proprietor  and  editor  of 
the  Albany  Eceniny  Journal.  Under  his  manage 
ment  that  paper  has  held  a  high  position  among  the 
dailies  of  the  country.  He  is  an  ardent  friend  of 
his  political  party,  but  his  paper  has  never  violated 
the  laws  of  pure  and  honorable  journalism.  He 
has  made  it  the  advocate  of  freedom,  intelligence 
among  the  masses,  and  especially  of  free  schools. 
He  was  converted  and  baptized  in  Rochester  in 
1.829,  by  Rev.  Dr.  C.  C.  Comstock,  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church,  and  he  was  anxious  to  accom 
pany  his  son,  Grover  S.  Comstock.  the  missionary, 
toBurmah.  as  printer,  but  circumstances  prevented 
him.  In  1830  he  entered  a  mission  Sunday-school 
as  teacher,  and  for  the  fifty  years  intervening  he 
has  not  ceased  to  labor  in  that  field.  He  has  been 
for  many  years  a  liberal  supporter  of  our  great 
Baptist  enterprises,  and  a  helper  of  his  pastors  in 
their  work.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Calvary  Bap 
tist  church,  and  he  was  regarded  as  a  safe  adviser 
and  as  an  efficient  co-worker  by  Drs.  Welch  and 


ill 


DAY 


Bridirmaii.  Aside  from  his  editorial  duties,  he  has 
published  "  The  Pleasures  of  Angling,"  a  work 
highly  prized  by  the  disciples  of  Isaak  Walton. 
For  six  years  he  filled  the  office  of  postmaster  in 
Albany,  X.  Y.,  and  for  seven  years  that  of  park 
commissioner. 

Dawson,  Rev.  Samuel  G.,  was  born  in  Virginia 
in  1834,  and  in  earlv  childhood  removed  with  his 
parents  to  Zanesville.  0.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he 
became  a  Christian,  and  for  some  years  was  en 
gaged  in  commercial  life.  Was  ordained  in  Mav, 
1859,  as  pastor  of  the  Valley  church,  near  Marietta, 
0.,  where  he  remained  until  ISll'i.  when  he  became 
a  missionary  pastor  in  Mast  Toledo,  under  the  ap 
pointment  of  the  Ohio  State  Convention.  This  pas 
torate  was  very  successful.  In  the  eleven  years  he 
held  this  position  two  meeting-houses  were  built, 
and  the  church  grew  from  a  membership  of  8  to 
125. 

Un  the  death  of  the  lamented  J.  15.  Sackett,  Mr. 
Dawson  was  elected  corresponding  secretary  of  the 
Ohio  State  Convention,  lie  be^an  this  work  in 
January,  1875,  and  continued  in  it  until  September 
5,  when  he  was  removed  by  death.  His  loss  was 
deeply  felt  throughout  the  entire  State.  Affable, 
earnest,  and  consecrated,  he  was  the  object  of  much 
affection,  and  his  early  departure  was  regarded  as 
a  severe  calamity  to  tin;  cause  of  Christ,  lie  was 
a  conspicuous  instance  of  the  power  of  Christ  in 
the  human  heart  and  life. 

Dawson,  Rev.  Thomas,  died  at  Pendleton, 
S.  ('.,  June  29.  ISSO.  in  his  ninety-first  year.  lie 
was  born  in  England  in  1790.  and  held  a  lieu 
tenant's  commission  in  the  British  army  at  the 
time  of  tin;  battle  of  Waterloo,  though  he  was 
not  engaged  on  that  decisive  field.  He  was  bap 
tized  Oct.  1,  IS  15,  and  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1818:  he  was  ordained  in  1S19.  The  Triennial 
Convention  sent  him  as  a  missionary  to  the  Chero 
kee  Indians  in  North  Carolina.  When  they  -were 
about  to  be  removed  he  came  to  South  Carolina, 
where  he  spent  the  rest  of  his  life.  lie  preached 
for  twenty  years  among  the  mountains,  and  he  was 
for  some  time  a  missionary  to  the  colored  people 
along  the  coast.  He  was  unable  to  preach  for 
several  years  before  his  death. 

Day,  Hon.  Albert,  was  born  in  Westfield, 
Mass.,  Nov.  29,  1797  ;  settled  in  Hartford,  Conn., 
in  1822;  became  a  successful  merchant;  was  con 
verted,  and  united  with  the  First  Baptist  church; 
was  the  leader  in  the  formation  of  the  South  Bap 
tist  church  in  1834;  was  chosen  deacon  at  its  or 
ganization,  and  was  a  pillar  in  the  church  in  every 
respect  to  the  end  of  his  life;  noted  for  his  num 
berless  acts  of  private  benevolence  ;  a  remarkable 
friend  to  the  poor ;  his  house  always  open  to 
ministers ;  a  generous  contributor  to  benevolent 
objects:  was  lieutenant  governor  of  Connecticut  in 


185f>;  was  tru>tce  of  Brown  I'niversitv.  also  trustee 
of  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  :  superintendent 
of  the  South  Bantist  Sunday-school  from  its  forma 
tion  till  laid  aside  bv  infirmities,  and  distinguished 
in  this  position  and  in  founding  mission  schools  in 
the  city  of  Hartford  ;  left  two  sons  and  a  daughter: 
died  Nov.  11,  187<'>,  nearly  seventy-nine  years  of 
age. 

Day,  Charles  B.,  for  many  years  at  the  head 
of  the  large  wholesale  and  retail  drv-goods  firm  of 
Day  BK>S.  &  Co..  of  IVoria.  111.,  was  born  in  Ches 
terfield.  N.  II..  in  1821.  where  he  joined  the  Bap 
tist  church  in  1850.  The  next  year  he  removed  to 
Brimfield,  111.,  where,  he  found  a  small  Baptist 
church,  to  which,  to  its  great  jov.  he  immediately 
joined  himself,  though  assured  that  such  an  alliance 
3  would  not  be  favorable  to  his  business.  In  18(iO 
he  removed  to  Peoria.  and  became  a  member  of  i  he 
First  church  there,  and  continues  one  of  its  main 
supporters.  Though  not  a  man  of  fluent  speech, 
he  has  always  been  regular  in  his  attendance  upon 
church  appointments,  and  has  ever  been  liberal  in 
his  contributions.  lie  has  also  paid  considerable 
sums  to  Christian  education,  in  which  canst;  his 
interest,  is  intelligent  and  constant.  lie  is  well 
known  in  the  State  as  a  successful  business  man.  a 
firm  Baptist,  an  uncompromising  friend  of  tem 
perance. 

Day,  Rev.  George  E.,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Shef 
field.  New  Brunswick.  Sept.  9.  1833;  converted 
and  baptized  when  young,  he  entered  Acadia  Col 
lege,  September,  1851;  commenced  preaching  in 
1852  :  taught  in  the  Baptist  Seminary,  Fredericton, 
New  Brunswick,  also  in  a  collegiate  institute  in 
New  York  ;  practised  medicine  in  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick  ;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  First  Bap 
tist  church,  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia,  June,  1868, 
where  he  still  ministers  with  success. 

Dr.  Day  is  a  good  preacher,  and  has  labored  as 
siduously  and  successfully  to  promote  unity  and 
efficiency  in  home  mission  work  in  the  Maritime 
Provinces. 

Day,  Henry,  D.D.,  oldest  son  of  Rev.  Ambrose 
and  Sarah  Day.  was  born  in  Westfield,  Mass.,  May, 
1818.  His  father,  an  earnest  Christian  (ordained 
when  near  middle  life  at  the  persistent  request  of 
his  brethren),  spent  his  life  mainly  upon  a  farm, 
and  reared  a  large  family.  Having  efficient  help 
ers  in  his  children,  he  was  usually  away  from 
home,  supplying  feeble  churches  within  a  radius 
of  forty  miles,  though  receiving  for  the  service  but 
a  pittance.  All  the  entire  youth  of  the  oldest  son 
was  spent  in  farm-work,  alternated  with  study, 
only  interrupted  by  a  single  winters  teaching. 
When  nearing  his  majority,  with  an  iron  constitu 
tion  and  perfect  health,  with  little  more  than  an 
ordinary  New  England  country  boy's  culture,  but 
with  habits  of  industry,  with  a  fair  preparation  for 


318 


DA  F 


college,  and  a  profession  of  faith  in  Christ,  lie  en 
tered  the  Freshman  elass  of  Brown  University, 
where  lie  found  little  time  or  inclination  for  any 
thing  but  legitimate  work.  His  sense  of  justice  to 


HENRY     DAY,    I).]). 

parents  and  brothers  would  not  allow  him  to  re 
main  dependent  upon  the  limited  means  or  strained 
credit  of  his  father.  At,  the  close  of  his  second  year, 
he  heeame  assistant  in  the  Worcester  County  High 
School,  and  spent  in  it  one  of  the  most  profitable 
years  of  his  life.  Returning  to  his  college  studies, 
with  the  incubus  of  debt  mostly  removed,  he  grad 
uated  with  honor  in  the  class  of  1S43.  Among  his 
classmates  were  Profs.  Hunting-ton,  of  Columbian 
University,  Washington  ;  -James,  of  Lewisburg 
University.  Pa.;  Robinson  P.  Dunn,  Professor 
af  Belles-Lettres,  and  Albert  Ilarkness,  for  those 
many  years  Professor  of  (ireek  in  Brown  Uni 
versity;  and  Dr.  Lyman  Jewett,  the  Nestor  of  our 
foreign  missions.  Mr.  D;iy  had  long  purposed  to 
preach  the  gospel  ;  but  justice  to  his  creditors  de 
manded  immediate  work  more  productive;  and  he 
accepted  the  position  of  first  teacher  in  the  Provi 
dence  High  School,  in  which  he  spent  three  and  a 
half  years.  He  shrank  from  incurring  further 
liabilities  until  the  means  of  meeting  them,  earned 
by  his  personal  efforts,  had  been  secured.  He  ob 
tained  from  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Providence, 
of  which  he  was  for  ten  years  a  member,  a  license  to 
preach,  and  accepted  the  professorship  of  Mathe 
matics  in  Georgetown  College,  Ivy.,  then  under  the 
presidency  of  Dr.  Howard  Malcom.  Two  years 
later,  he  accepted  a  pressing  invitation  to  the  pro 


fessorship  of  Physical  Science,  and  returned  to 
Xew  England,  where  lie  spent  the  year  under  emi 
nent  instructors  at  Brown  and  Harvard  Universi 
ties,  in  prosecuting  the  studies  of  his  prospective 
chair.  At  the  close  of  the  year,  he  returned  to 
Kentucky,  his  expectation  being  (in  addition  to 
his  collegiate  work)  to  preach  whenever  opportu 
nity  might  be  offered.  But  he  found  Dr.  Malcom 
just  retiring  from  the  college;  and  at  the  close  of 
yet  another  year  such  changes  had  occurred  in  the 
political  world  and  in  public  sentiment  as  con 
vinced  him  that  he  might  anticipate  a  larger  suc 
cess  in  another  latitude,  and,  as  he  hoped,  exclu 
sively  in  the  pulpit.  He  returned  to  the  North, 
and  at  once  entered  upon  ministerial  work  as  pas 
tor  of  the  church  in  Ashland.  Mass.  A  year  later, 
the  impaired  health  of  his  wife,  together  with  the 
advice  of  many  brethren,  induced  him  to  accept 
the  chair  of  Natural  Philosophy,  Astronomy,  and 
Civil  Engineering  in  Brown  Universitv.  'I' wo  and 
a  half  years  later,  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the 
Broad  Street  church.  Philadelphia.  This  removal, 
however,  came  too  late  to  prolong  the  life  of  his 
wife:  but  it  availed  to  return  Mr.  Day  to  his  best 
loved  work  in  the  pulpit.  Two  years  afterwards, 
the  gravest  indications  of  serious  throat  and  lung 
difficulties  compelled  him.  after  five  years  of  ser 
vice,  to  retire  from  this  greatly  endeared  pastorate, 
with  but  small  hope  of  ever  again  preaching  Jesus. 
After  two  years  of  rest  and  change,  however,  his 
health  was  so  far  restored  that  he  ventured  to  re 
turn  to  the  pulpit;  and  in  it  was  allowed  to  accom 
plish  what  he  has  of  late  regarded  as  the  main  work 
of  his  life.  The  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
Indianapolis  (made  vacant  by  the  resignation  of 
J.  B.  Simmons,  D.D.),  was  strongly  urged  upon  his 
acceptance,  and,  for  the  accomplishment,  as  he 
thought,  of  one  specific  work,  was  cordially  ac 
cepted.  But.  as  years  passed,  the  health  of  the 
pastor  became  confirmed;  and  the  work,  which,  ac 
cording  to  his  plan,  was  to  have  lasted  for  two  or 
three  years  only,  continued  pleasantly  to  himself 
and  profitably  as  it  seemed  to  the  church,  until 
Mr.  Day  found  himself  by  many  years  the  senior 
pastor  in  the  city  (outside  of  the  Romish  Church). 
The  church,  which  he  had  found  destitute  of  a 
house  and  much  depressed,  became  one  of  the 
strongest  and  most  efficient  in  the  Northwest,  set 
ting  an  example  of  intelligent  enterprise  and  large 
benevolence. 

After  fifteen  years  of  uninterrupted  work,  with 
many  tokens  of  divine  as  well  as  human  favor,  and 
especially  many  evidences  of  the  sustaining  power 
of  the  grace  of  God,  lie  retired  from  the  long  pas 
torate  which  he  dearly  loved,  and  which  he  had  re 
peatedly  refused  to  exchange  for  others  in  distant 
States.  In  1861  he  received  from  Denison  Uni 
versity  the  degree  of  D.D.  He  still  resides  in  In- 


DAY 


dianapolis.  In  the  city  and  in  the  State,  and 
through  the  denomination  at  large,  he  enjoys  the 
confidence  and  esteem  due  his  transparent  in 
tegrity,  his  clear  judgment,  his  unselfish  devotion 
to  the  general  good,  and  his  elevated  piety. 

Day,  LarkillB.,  was  horn  in  Chesterfield,  X.  II., 
in  December,  1831.  Removing  to  Bromfield,  111., 
in  1852,  he  was  there  converted  and  baptized  :  but 
in  1854  his  residence  having  been  changed  to  Peoria, 
he  became  a  member  of  the  First  church  there, 
Rev.  II.  G.  Weston  being  the  pastor.  Although 
as  a  member  of  the  firm  (if  Day  Brothers  he  has 
found  the  claims  of  business  pressing,  lie  has 
always  found  time  to  give  needed  attention  to 
higher  concerns.  As  a  friend  and  leader  of  the 
young  people  in  the  church,  as  a  free  and  cheerful 
participant  in  prayer  and  social  meetings,  as  an 
occasional  occupant  of  the  pulpit,  as  a  lay  preacher, 
and  as  an  ardent  friend  of  the  temperance  cause, 
alike  in  private  arid  in  official  positions,  Larkin  B. 
Day  is  held  in  high  appreciation  by  the  citizens  of 
Peoria  and  throughout  the  State.  He  is  at  present 
(1880)  a  member  of  the  city  council. 

Day,  Rev.  Samuel  Stearns,  was  born  in  Leeds 

County,  Upper  Canada,  in  1808.  lie  became  a 
student  in  the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological 
Institution  in  1831.  He  shortened  his  term  of 
study  in  order  to  accept  an  appointment  as  a  mis 
sionary,  was  ordained  at  Cortland,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  3, 
1835,  and  on  the  20th  of  the  next  month  sailed 
from  Boston  to  Calcutta,  arriving  there  in  Febru 
ary,  1836.  lie  spent  one  year  at  Vizigapatam  in 
the  study  of  the  language,  and  at  the  expiration  of 
this  period  removed  to  Madras,  in  which  place  and 
its  neighborhood  he  spent  several  vears,  doing  faith 
fully  his  missionary  work.  lie  took  up  his  resi 
dence  in  Xellore  in  1840,  spending  five  years  of 
earnest  labor,  which  was  accompanied  with  a  rich 
harvest.  Under  the  exhausting  labors  of  so  many 
years  his  health  failed,  and  he  returned  to  this 
country  to  recruit  his  wasted  energies.  A  little 
more  than  two  years  were  spent  at  home,  when, 
leaving  wife  and  children,  he  returned  to  the  field 
of  his  former  toil,  to  work  on  for  five  vears  as  a 
missionary  of  the  cross  among  the  Teloogoos.  It 
is  not  for  us  to  say  how  intimate  may  have  been 
the  connection  between  the  seed-sowing  of  Mr.  Day 
and  his  associates  and  the  glorious  ingathering,  of 
which  we  have  heard  so  much.  The  end  of  these 
five  years  of  consecration  to  his  great  work  found 
Mr.  Day  once  more  prostrated,  and  compelled  him 
to  leave  the  field  now  ripening  for  the  harvest, 
and  seek  in  this  country  if  possible,  once  more,  res 
toration  to  health.  What  he  sought  he  did  not  find. 
Several  months  were  passed  not  so  much  doing  as 
suffering  the  will  of  God.  Death  at  last  came  to 
his  relief,  and  he  departed  this  life  in  1871. 

As  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Teloogoo  mission 


Mr.  Day  will  always  fill  a  conspicuous  place  in  the 
history  of  Baptist  missions.  His  field  was  a  large 
one.  The  Teloogoos  number  more  than  14,000.000 
of  people,  occupying  a  territory  extending  about 
600  miles  upon  the  sea-coast,  and  400  miles  into 
the  interior  of  Hindostan.  To  carry  on  missionary 
work  alone  among  a  strange  people,  subjected  to 
the  caste  system  in  all  its  iron  rigidity,  witli  but 
little  to  encourage  them  from  the  sympathy  of  fel 
low-laborers,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Day  worked  for  years. 
They  laid  foundations  upon  which  others  have 
erected  the  structure  which  now  is  so  rapidlv  going 
up.  It  has  justly  been  said  of  him  that  ''as  an 
example  of  consecration,  giving  himself  and  all 
that  he  had  to  the  mission  ;  of  strong  faith,  waver 
ing  not  in  purpose,  nor  ceasing  in  effort  when  other 
and  strong  hearts  failed  and  strong  hands  were 
turned  to  other  fields,  his  name  justly  deserves  an 
honorable  place  in  the  list  of  missionary  heroes." 

Dayton,  Rev.  A.  C.,  M.D.,  was  born  at  Plain- 
field,  N.  J..  near  New  York  City,  Sept.  4,  1813. 
When  twelve  years  old  he  united  with  the  Presby 
terian  church.  At  sixteen,  on  account  of  weakness 
of  tin1  eyes,  he  was  obliged  to  leave  the  village 
school,  which  up  to  this  time  he  hail  regularly  at 
tended.  Afterwards  he  taught  school,  and  continued 
in  this  occupation  for  a  year.  He  determined  to 
become  a  physician,  and  although  he  continued  to 
teach  at  intervals,  it  was  a  long  time  before  he  could 
read  the  amount  that  was  necessarv,  his  sight 
being  poor.  lie.  however,  employed  a  boy  to  read 
to  him,  and  by  continual  effort  acquired  the  habit 
of  remembering  everything  he  heard  or  read,  so 
that  he  improved  very  rapidly.  Slowly  he  thus 
worked  his  way  through  the  Medical  College  of 
New  York  City,  and  received  his  diploma  in  1834, 
in  the  twenty-second  year  of  his  age.  He  began 
at  once  the  practice  of  medicine,  but  soon  found 
the  duties  too  great  for  his  feeble  health,  and  so 
the  profession  was  relinquished.  He  then  went 
South,  .seeking  for  a  more  congenial  climate,  and 
for  a  while  was  engaged  in  lecturing  on  phrenology 
and  temperance ;  and,  stopping  in  the  town  of 
Shelbyvillo,  Term.,  he  formed  an  acquaintance  with 
Miss  Lucie  Harrison,  which  resulted  in  their  mar 
riage.  Mr.  Dayton  not  long  after  set  out  for 
Florida,  hoping  that  its  balmv  air  would  restore 
his  already  diseased  lungs.  After  a  residence  in 
that  State  of  about  three  years,  he  removed  to 
Columbus,  Miss.,  and  from  it  to  Yicksburg.  About 
this  time  he  became  dissatisfied  with  his  church  re 
lations,  and  in  1852.  after  years  of  careful  and 
prayerful  investigation,  he  became  a  Baptist.  In 
September,  1852,  on  the  next  Sabbath  after  his 
baptism,  he  preached  his  first  sermon.  His  theme 
was,  "The  love  of  God,''  and  it  was  his  last  as 
well  as  his  first  sermon.  It  was  delivered  with 
great  unction  and  power.  Afterwards  he  accepted 


DKAf'OXS 


320 


the  airencv  of  the  Bible  B:>ard  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  ('(invention,  then  located  at  Nashville. 
Tcun.,  and  as  corresponding  secretary  lie  soon  be 
came  widely  known  throughout  the  South.  In 
•  lulv,  IS")."),  he  removed  t<>  Nashville.  Tenn.,  where, 
in  connection  with  his  duties  as  secretary  of  the 
Bible  Board,  he  became  associate  editor  of  the 
TeitntXNi  <'  I!'/ />//'••'•/.  and  the  author  of  several  books. 
'1'lie  lirst.  "  Theodosia,"  a  denomination;,!  work, 
was  received  with  unusual  favor  and  rapidly  ran 
through  several  editions,  whose  popularity  is  now 
evinced  bv  its  being  eagerly  sought  for  on  both 
sides  of  the  Atlantic.  This  was  followed  by  the 
"  Infidel's  Daughter."  a  work  of  great  ability. 
Several  other  publications  in  the  Sunday-school  de 
partment  soon  followed,  all  of  which  met  with  the 
most  favorable  reception  everywhere.  The  war 
cnminir  on.  Dr.  Davton  removed  with  his  family  to 
L'erry,  (Ja.,  where  lie  temporarily  assumed  the 
presidency  of  Houston  Female  College,  lie  was 
also  actively  engaged  with  his  pen  as  an  editorial 
contributor  of  the  /i<t/>/i.i/  Bitiuii r,  then  published 
at  Atlanta,  and  in  preparing  a  religious  encyclo 
paedia,  which  he  designed  to  be  the  crowning  work 
of  his  life.  But  consumption  cut  short  his  labors, 
and  he  died  calmly,  June  11,  lSf>"),  at  his  home  in 
Perry,  Ga.  lie  was  buried  in  the  cemetery  of  that 
city,  where  his  remains  peacefully  rest.  His  family 
reside  in  Shelby ville.  Tenn. 

Deacons. — The  word  diakonos  means  an  attend 
ant,  a  servant,  one  who  waits  upon  guests  at  a 
table.  The  first  deacons  were  elected  at  Jerusalem 
bv  the  church  of  that  city  at  the  request  of  the 
apostles,  that  they  might  minister  to  the  necessities 
of  the  poor  saints,  or  as  Luke  says,  that  they  might 
"serve  tables.''  In  Acts  yi.  !-(>,  there  is  an  ac 
count  of  the  institution  of  this  benevolent  office. 
Xo  doubt  inspiration  suggested  it  to  "  the  twelve''  ; 
and  ever  since  in  each  true  church  on  earth  there 
has  been  a  class  of  men  whose  special  duty  it  is  to 
provide  for  the  wants  of  the  poor  of  the  body  to 
which  they  belong,  and  to  administer  the  funds 
obtained  as  they  are  needed.  The  Scriptural  dea 
con  is  not  a  preacher  of  the  gospel  in  virtue  of  his 
deaconship-,  he  may  preach  occasionally,  and  so 
may  a  private  member. 

Deacons,  with  the  pastor,  are  often  the  disciplin 
ary  committee  of  the  church  ;  they  frequently  give 
invaluable  assistance  to  the  minister,  and  from  an 
extended  experience  with  deacons,  we  are  prepared 
to  say  that  they  render  immense  service  to  the 
churches. 

"  Likewise,"  says  Paul,  "  must  the  deacons  be 
grave,  not  double-tongued,  not  given  to  much  wine, 
not  greedy  of  filthy  lucre,  holding  the  mystery  of 
the  faith  in  a  pure  conscience,"  etc. — 1  Tim.  iii.  8, 
13. 

Dean,  Hon.  Benjamin  W.,  was  born  in  Grafton, 


Vt..  in  1827.  He  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
his  native  place  when  he  was  but  eleven  years  of 
a  lie.  He  <j;raduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  the 
class  of  1S4S.  in  which  he  took  high  rank  as  a 
scholar.  The  profession  of  law  had  special  attrac 
tions  for  him.  and  he  pursued  his  legal  studies  at 
the  law  school  in  Ballston  Spa.  N.  Y.  Having 
practised  law  for  a  short  time  in  Klmira.  N.  ^  .,  he 
returned  to  Vermont,  was  appointed  register  of 
probate  for  the  district  of  Westminster,  and  took 
up  his  residence!  in  Bellows  Falls  for  a  time,  and 
tln'ii  returned  to  his  native  place.  (Iral'ton.  He  held 
several  public.!  positions,  among  them  the  office  of 
Secretary  of  State  for  four  years,  lie  was  highly 
respected  as  a  citi/en  and  a  Christian.  His  death 
occurred  July  0.  bsG4. 

Dean,  Rev.  Myron  M.,  was  bom  in  l >!.".-.  was 

a  graduate  of  Middlebury  College  and  the  Newton 
Theological  Institution.  His  first  pastorate  was 
with  tin;  Third  Baptist  church  of  Providence,  ]{.  I.. 
where  he  enjoyed  a  revival  of  religion,  the  results 
of  which  were  an  addition  to  the  church  of  more! 
than  one  hundred  converts.  He  remained  in 
Providence  three  years,  when  he  accepted  a  call  to 
Marblehead,  Mass.,  where  lie  continued  seven  \  ears. 
Trouble  with  his  eyes  obliged  him  to  lay  aside  all 
ministerial  work  for  a  time.  "\\  hen  his  health  was 
somewhat  recovered,  he  accepted  an  appointment  as 
agent  of  the  Publication  Society,  and  afterwards  of 
the  American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society.  Hoping 
to  be  able  to  continue  his  ministerial  work,  he  ac 
cepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Warren.  It.  I., 
church.  Again,  and  for  the  same  reason,  he  was 
obliged  to  give  up  the  ministry.  The  last  years 
of  his  life  were  devoted  to  secular  business,  lie  died 
at  Cambridge,  Mass..  March  30,  1S(H. 

Dean,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Morrisville, 
N.  Y.,  June  21,  1807.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution,  and 
was  ordained  in  his  native  town,  Morrisville,  in 
June,  1834.  lie  received  an  appointment  to  the 
foreign  mission  field,  and  sailed  from  Boston, 
July  3,  1834.  His  destination  was  Siam  :  he  was 
to  be  associated  with  Rev.  J.  T.  Jones  in  Bang 
kok,  and  to  direct  his  special  attention  to  the 
Chinese  in  that  city.  He  had  so  far  learned  the 
dialect — the  Tie  Chin — that  he  was  able  to  preach 
in  Chinese  the  last  Sabbath  in  August.  1835,  to  a 
congregation  of  30  persons.  Dr.  Dean  had  the 
usual  experiences  of  missionary  life  for  several 
years.  The  Word  was  preached  ;  converts  made 
from  time  to  time  ;  labor  interrupted  occasionally 
by  sickness,  and  then  resumed  after  a  time:  and 
thus  the  Chinese  department  of  the  Siam  mission 
could  show  signs  of  progress  from  year  to  year.  In 
1842,  ill  health  compelled  him  to  retire  from  the 
field  for  a  season.  When  he  resumed  missionary 
work,  with  special  reference  to  teaching  the 


DKAXK 


DKANE 


Chinese,  he  commenced  his  labors  in  I  long-Kong,  in 
October.  1S42.  In  the  spring  of  1S4.">  he  returned  to 
the  United  Suites,  after  an  absence  of  eleven  years. 
Having  spent  a  year  in  this  countrv,  he  resumed 
his  work  in  Hong-Kong  in  the  fall  of  1S47,  and  re 
mained  abroad  until  1S54,  when  he  again  visited 
America,  remaining  here  until  1SI>.")?  when  he  once 
more  took  up  the  work  in  Bangkok.  At  the  end 
of  his  first  year's  work  lie  writes.  "  I  expect  not 
to  be  happier  in  the  present  world  than  I  have  been 
during  the  present  year."  His  labors  had  been 
nobly  blessed,  and  have  continued  to  be  up  to  the 
present  time.  His  record,  up  to  the  report  of 
18((i.  was  six  Chinese  churches  gathered,  the 
superintendence  of  the  building  of  four  Chinese 
chapels,  the  ordination  of  three  Chinese  pastors, 
and  the  train inir  of  two  others,  and  the  baptism  of 
•  !.')'.l  Chinese  disciples,  twelve  of  whom  became 
preachers  of  the  gospel.  In  April.  Isyi'i.  l)r.  Dean 
left  Bangkok  and  again  visited  his  native  land,  and 
spent  six  months  in  it.  embarking  at  San  Francisco 
the  following  November  for  his  home  in  Siam. 
Forty-lour  years  ago  he  consecrated  himself  to  his 
work.  No  missionary  has  more  thoroughly  won 
the  respect  and  affection  of  his  brethren  than  the 
now  venerable  and  beloved  missionary  of  Bangkok, 
whom  (Jo  I  has  so  honored  as  a  faithful  ambassador 
of  the  Lord  -Jesus  Christ. 

Deane,  John  H.,  Esq.,  was  born  in  Canada; 
removed  to  the  United  States  at  an  early  age;  pre 
pared  for  college  in  the  Brockport  Collegiate  In 
stitute.  X.  Y..  and  commenced  his  course  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Rochester.  In  lSf>:2,  the  civil  war  having 
commenced,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  140th 
Regiment  N.  Y.  Yols.  During  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg  he  was  captured,  and  after  heroically 
enduring  the  hardships  of  prison  life,  he  was  ex 
changed.  He  then  entered  the  navy,  and  faith 
fully  served  his  country  till  the  close  of  the  war. 
After  the  required  course  of  study  was  completed 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  choosing  the 
real  estate  branch  of  the  profession,  he  has  pur 
sued  it  with  great  success.  For  several  years  he 
has  been  an  active  member  of  the  Calvary  Bap 
tist  church  of  New  York,  and  a  member  of  its 
board  of  trustees.  He  is  one  of  the  most  generous 
supporters  of  the  church  and  the  benevolent  insti- 
tutionsof  the  Baptists.  He  has  contributed  $100,000 
for  the  endowment  of  Rochester  University,  and 
$25,000  for  the  endowment  of  the  Rochester  Theo 
logical  Seminary.  He  has  given  largely  for  the 
New  York  Baptist  Home,  for  home  and  foreign 
missions,  and  for  the  work  of  church  extension, 
especially  in  the  city  of  New  York.  He  is  too 
modest  to  publish  his  gifts  ;  and  he  has  undoubtedly 
made  large  donations  unknown  to  the  public. 

Deane,  Richard,  Major-General,  and  Gen 
eral  at  Sea,  was  born  at  Guyting  Poher,  England, 


in  1010.  Hi-  had  charge  of  the  artillery  at  the 
battle  of  Xaseby,  and  gave  much  help  in  securing 
the  great  victory  achieved  over  Charles  I.  at  that 
place'.  He  was  so  completely  in  the  confidence  of 
Cromwell  that  he  was  taken  bv  him  to  a  celebrated 
private  meeting  composed  of  a  limited  number  of 
chosen  friends  to  discuss  "  The  Settlement  of  the 
Kingdom."  lie  was  a  member  of  "The  High 
Court  of -Justice"  that  tried  and  condemned  King 
Charles.  A  month  after  the  death  of  the  kiriu', 
Deane  was  appointed  one  of  the  "Generals  at 
Sea."  The  two  others  were  Kdward  Popham  and 
the  brave  Robert  Blake.  (Jen.  Deane  contributed 
largely  to  the  crushing  victory  of  Worcester,  where 
he  held  the  rank  of  major-general  and  commanded 
a  division.  Soon  after  this  battle  he  and  Gen. 
Lambert  were  appointed  to  the  civil  and  military 
government  of  Scotland,  and  on  the  retirement  of 
Lambert  he  was  elevated  to  the  supreme  command 
of  Scotland  by  land  and  sea.  The  general  was 
killed  in  the  naval  battle  off  Xorth  Foreland.  -June 
12.  1G.KJ. 

His  enemies  admitted  his  great  courage,  and 
while  his  friends  rejoiced  in  his  bravery,  they 
gloried  in  "  his  deep-rooted  piety."  The  periodical 
literature  of  the  day  described  him  as  "  a  valiant 
and  godly  gentleman." 

A  descendant  of  the  "General  at  Sea."  a  London 
Episcopal  clergyman,  published  in  JS70  ••  The  Life 
of  Richard  Deane, v  etc.,  in  which  he  thrice  ex 
presses  the  conviction  that  he  was  a  Baptist.*  lie 
quotes  one  of  the  lampoons  of  the  Royalists  of 
l('»4fj,  written  on  the  occasion  of  his  appointment 
as  a  general  at  sea,  in  which  the  sailors  are  recom 
mended  to  "  new  dip  Dcnnc'  by  throwing  him  over 
board.  This,  as  the  Rev.  John  Batliurst  Deane 
rightly  judges,  had  reference  to  the  general's  im 
mersion  as  a  Baptist. 

He  held  our  doctrine  of  soul  liberty  as  no  one  in 
that  day  but  a  decided  Baptist  grasped  it.  His 
form  of  expressing  liberty  of  conscience  was  strik 
ing, — "  Neither  io  compel,  nor  io  be  compelled  in 
matters  of  conscience.''' \ 

Gen.  Deane  had  a  public  funeral  in  Westminster 
Abbey.  4i  The  hearse  was  received  at  the  west 
door  of  the  Abbey  by  the  great  officers  of  state, 
and  the  coffin  was  borne  by  a  select  party  of  sol 
diers  to  Henry  the  Seventh's  chapel,  and  deposited 
in  one  of  the  royal  vaults. "J  The  general-admiral 
was  the  first  and  the  last  Baptist  in  England  who 
slept,  even  for  a  few  years,  in  a  royal  vault.  But 
he  gave  the  memorable  chapel  a  holier  consecration 
than  any  regal  slumberer  within  its  walls.  Oliver 
Cromwell,  the  greatest  king,  with  or  without  a 


*  The  Life  of  Richard  Dcsine,  et'.,  ]>|i.  24«,  2S9,  MO. 
t  Idem,  ]..  5:;r,. 
I  MI-HI,  p.  (iTli. 


DEARBORN 


DECKMANN 


crown    or  a  sovereign   title,  that   ovor  wielded    the 
destinies  of  Britain,  was  at  the  i'uneral. 

Dearborn,  0.  J. — A  native  of  Tioga  Co.,  X.  Y.. 
where   he  was   horn    Aug.  '2\ ,  1X2.'!.      \Vlicn   about 


in  Wisconsin  than  Mr.  Dearborn,      lie  died  Juno 

6,  1X72,  in  theeitv  of  his  adoption,  aged  forty-eight. 

De  Blois,  Rev.  Stephen  W.,  A.M.,  was  hum 

in  1x27.  in    Halifax,  Nova  Scotia:  graduated   from 


twelve  years  of  age  he  was  hopefully  converted.  Acadia  College  in  June,  1X40;  studied  theology  at 
He  commenced  a  course  of  study  at  the  Literary  Xewton  ;  was  ordained  pastor  at  Chester,  Xova 
and  Theological  Institute  at  Hamilton,  X'.  Y.,  Scotia.  Feb.  lit),  1X54.  He  became,  in  1X55,  pastor 
having  the  work  of  the  ministry  in  view.  Owing  '  of  the  First  Horton  church,  the  pioneer  church  of 


KICIIARI)     DKAM-:,    M  A.)  OK-O  K  NKK  A  I,     A.N'I)    OKNKHAI,     AT    SKA. 


to  the  failure  of  his  health  he  abandoned  his  pur 
pose;  to  outer  the  ministry,  and  turned  his  attention 
to  business.  lie  came  to  -Janesville,  Wis..  in  \>4~. 
The  Baptist  church  being  without  a  pastor,  in  -July, 
1X4'.).  Mr.  Dearhorn,  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of 
the  church,  consented  occasionally  to  supply  the 
pulpit.  In  Februarv.  1X50,  he  gave  up  his  business 
and  devoted  himself  to  preaching  the  gospel.  The 
church  very  soon  called  him  to  the  pastorate,  lie 
was  ordained  in  December,  1X50.  He  held  this 
position  until  Mav.  1X54,  when  ho  retired  from  the 
pulpit.  For  nearly  twenty-five  years  lie  was  iden 
tified  with  the  Baptist  church  in  -Janesville.  He 
was  its  senior  deacon,  chairman  of  its  board  of 
trustees,  its  Sabbath-school  superintendent.  He 
gave  time  and  consecrated  his  powers  to  the  welfare  j 
of  that  church  with  rare  devotion  and  self-denial. 
lie  was  connected  with  all  the  denominational 
movements  in  the  State,  and  no  layman  contributed 
more  of  time  and  wise  counsel  and  performed  more 
hard  work  in  the  establishment  of  Baptist  interests 


the  Maritime  Provinces,  and  he  has  the  distin 
guished  honor  of  being  the  third  pastor  of  that  com 
munity  since  its  organization  in  October.  177X. 
lie  has  occupied  this  field  of  usefulness  for  twenty- 
five  vears.  Mr.  I)e  Blois  is  a  governor  of  Acadia 
Colh'ge,  and  the  worthy  secretary  of  its  board. 

Deckmann,  Rev.  E.  I.,  a  useful  and  esteemed 
German  Baptist  pastor,  was  born  in  -Inly.  1X.'!2,  in 
Copenhagen,  capital  of  Denmark.  Mr.  Deckmann 
received  his  earlv  training  in  the  German  city  of 
Schleswig,  where  his  father  subsequently  resided 
as  an  officer  of  the  crown.  In  1X53,  as  a  youth  of 
twenty-one  years,  lie  emigrated  to  America,  and 
was  converted  and  bapti/od  at  Piqua.  Miami  Co., 
0..  under  the  labors  of  Rev.  I.  W.  Osborn,  lie- 
coming  a  member  of  the  Calvary  Baptist  church  at 
Piqua.  From  1X5.']  to  1X62  he  studied  at  Donison 
University,  Granville.  0.  ;  from  1XC>2  to  the  close 
of  the  war  he  served  as  a  volunteer  in  the  I  .  S. 
army.  From  LX65  to  18f>f>  he  studied  in  the  Ger 
man  department  of  Rochester  Theological  Semi- 


DE  LAXEY 


DK  LANEY 


nary.  Since  that  time  he  has  labored  successfully 
as  missionary  and  pastor  with  the  German  churches 
of  Davenport,  Iowa,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  and  Baltimore,  Md.,  where  he  is  at  present. 
Mr.  Deckmann  is  a  member  of  the  German  Mis 
sionary  Committee  of  the  Eastern  Conference,  is 
energetic  and  laborious,  exerts  a  good  influence  in 
the  churches,  and  enjoys  general  esteem.  He  has 
frequently  presided  as  moderator  over  the  annual 
meetings  of  the  Eastern  German  Baptist  Confer 
ence. 
De  Laney,  Rev.  James,  one  of  the  best-known 

ministers  in  Wisconsin,  was  born  in  Ballymore, 
County  of  Galway,  Ireland,  in  February,  1804. 
Here  and  at  Castlereagh  he  passed  his  early  child 
hood  and  youth.  His  parents  were  Catholics  and 
of  Celtic  blood.  In  the  faith  of  this  church  he 
was  educated  with  the  most  painstaking  care.  Re 
lations  on  his  father's  side  were  Roman  Catholic 
priests.  A  brother  ministers  at  a  Catholic  altar, 
and  he  himself  was  designed  by  a  devoted  mother 
for  the  same  office,  but  being  left  fatherless  and 
motherless  while  quite  young,  that  hone  sank  with 
his  mother  into  the  grave.  At  the  age  of  twenty- 
one  he  left  his  native  land  forever,  and  went  to  the 
city  of  London  to  seek  a  livelihood.  After  much 
hardship  and  many  disappointments,  and  a  sore 
struggle  with  poverty,  in  a  moment  of  desperation 
he  enlisted  in  the  English  army.  His  destination 
was  Madras,  one  of  the  principal  points  occupied 
by  the  East  India  Company,  which  he  reached  with 
224  comrades  in  January.  1827.  These  early  steps 
in  his  life  are  only  links  in  a  wonderful  chain  of 
providences.  Long  and  rigid  discipline  had  made 
him  an  expert  as  an  artillerist,  and  in  1830  he  was 
detailed,  with  the  corps  with  which  he  was  con 
nected,  on  special  artillery  service  to  Maulmain,  in 
Burmah.  This  brought  him  under  the  influence 
and  preaching  of  the  American  missionaries  Jud- 
so n  and  Kincaid.  then  located  at  Maulmain.  In 
Mr.  De  Laney's  early  life,  after  the  death  of  his 
mother,  lie  enjoyed  for  a  time  the  society  and  in 
struction  of  some  devout  Catholics, — mostlv  women 
connected  with  an  orphanage.  These  teachings  lie 
regarded  as  of  the  highest  value,  and  although  his 
mind  was  dark  as  midnight  on  all  the  vital  doc 
trines  of  God's  Word,  and  especially  on  his  plan  to 
save  sinners  through  the  death  of  Christ,  these 
early  lessons  in  regard  to  his  relations  to  his  Maker 
and  his  law,  his  own  depravity  and  corrupt  nature, 
had  much  to  do  in  restraining  him  from  open 
vice,  and  prepared  the  way  for  his  receiving  the 
gospel.  The  earnest  preaching  of  Mr.  Kincaid 
at  once  found  its  way  to  his  heart.  After  some 
weeks  of  most  pungent  conviction  for  sin,  he  ob 
tained  a  joyful  hope  in  Christ,  and  was  baptized 
by  Mr.  Kincaid.  March  23,  1831,  in  the  Saluen 
River,  about  twenty-five  miles  from  the  "  Ilopia 


Tree."  Subsequently,  in  conversation  with  Dr. 
Judson,  he  spoke  to  him  of  the  work  of  the  Chris 
tian  ministry  ;  pointed  out  to  him  the  broad  valley 
of  the  Mississippi  in  his  own  land,  and  its  great 
need  of  home  mission  labor,  and  urged  upon  him 
the  work  of  preparation.  He  at  once,  through  the 
influence  of  the  American  missionaries,  secured  his 
release  from  the  English  army  and  came  to  America. 
He  entered  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  In 
stitution,  and  took  the  usual  ministerial  course  pro 
vided  at  that  early  day.  Upon  leaving  the  institution 
at  Hamilton  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Broadalbin,  X.  Y.,  where  he  was 
ordained  Jan.  10,  1838,  and  married  to  Tir/.ah  A. 
Platt,  April  2,  1839.  In  1839  he  was  called  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Ticonderoira, 
X.  Y.  After  serving  the  churches  as  pastor  at 
Granville  and  Kingsburv.  X.  Y..  he  came  to  Wis 
consin  in  1844,  and  settled  with  the  Baptist  church 
at  East  Troy.  Here  he  remained  seven  years, 
gathering  one  of  the  largest  and  most  useful 
churches  in  the  Territory.  He  was  pastor  at  Hor- 
icon,  Sparta.  Port  Washington,  and  Whitewater, 
Wis.  For  six  years  he  was  exploring  missionary 
of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  in 
the  State  at  large.  He  was  the  general  missionary 
of  the  Wisconsin  Baptist  State  Convention  for  three 
years.  In  addition  to  these  labors.  Mr.  De  Laney 
supplied  the  vacant  pulpits  of  a  score  or  more  of 
feeble  Baptist  churches,  and  in  the  early  history  of 
the  State  made  frequent  tours  of  exploration  to 
visit  the  outposts  and  frontiers  to  find  and  feed  the 
scattered  flock  of  God.  Many  of  these  tours  made 
along  the  Wisconsin  and  Mississippi  are  as  full  of 
wild  adventure,  thrilling  incident,  and  heroic  en 
durance  as  those  made  by  his  revered  friend  and 
father,  Kincaid,  along  the  Irrawaddy  and  the 
Saluen.  Mr.  De  Laney's  name  stands  connected 
witli  almost  every  institution  bearing  the  Baptist 
name  in  the  State.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 
the  State  Convention,  he  took  an  active  part  in 
establishing  Wayland  Academy,  and  he  was  prom 
inent  in  forming  nearly  all  the  Associations  in  the 
State.  During  the  war  Mr.  De  Laney  was  chaplain 
of  the  18th  Regiment  of  Wis.  Vols.  He  was  present 
with  his  regiment  at  Pittsbiirg  Landing. 

It  is  not  possible  to  give  the  results  of  Mr.  De 
Laney's  labors,  as  he  lias  not  preserved  all  the  facts 
of  his  long  and  useful  services  to  the  Master.  Fre 
quent  revivals  have  blessed  his  ministry.  Strong 
men  in  the  pulpit,  able  professors  in  institutions  of 
learning,  and  pillars  in  the  churches  East  and  West 
were  led  to  Christ  through  his  preaching.  Mis 
sionaries  converted  by  his  instrumentality  have 
been  sent  back  to  Asia,  where  he  himself  found  a 
Saviour.  But  chiefly  in  his  missionary  labors  will 
Mr.  De  Laney  be  best  known  and  longest  remem 
bered. 


DKLATXK 


DELAWARE 


Delaune,   Thomas,  was    born  at  Brini.  three 

mill's  from  Kiggsdale,  Ireland.  His  parents  were 
Unman  Catholics.  In  liis  boyhood  lie  showed  re 
markable  talents,  which  led  the  landlord  of  his 
parents  to  send  him  to  the  friary  at  Kilcrash  to  lie 
educated.  lie  made  the  he>t  of  the  advantages 
placed  at  his  disposal  in  this  institution,  and  left 
it  with  a  superior  knowledge  of  the  (Ireek  and 
La'in  lanirua^es.  His  acquisitions  he  continually  . 
increased  until  he  became  a  scholar  in  the  tongues  | 
we  have  named,  with  few.  if  any.  superiors,  and 
not  many  equals. 

About  sixteen  he  was  converted  through  the 
instrnmentalitv  of  Mr.  Bamplield.  but  persecution 
drove  him  from  Ireland  to  Kngland.  In  London 
lie  commenced  a  school  for  teaching  the  higher 
branches  of  an  Kn^lish  education  and  the  <!reek 
and  Latin  tongues.  His  efforts  were,  attended  by 
a  goodlv  measure  of  success.  He  united  with  the 
Baptists,  and  became  speedily  one  of  the  most 
valued  men  among  our  brethren  in  London,  .lie 
rendered  scholarly  aid  to  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Reach 
in  preparing  the  most  popular  of  his  works  for  the 
pro-s.  .But  Mr.  Delaune  lived  in  an  unfortunate 
time  for  a  learned,  able,  and  conscientious  Baptist. 
In  lbS:j.  Dr.  Benjamin  Calamy,  rector  of  St. 
Laurence.  .Jewry.  London,  in  a  printed  sermon, 
invited  non-conformists  to  examine  the  ceremonies 
imposed  bv  the  Church  of  Kngland,  and  enforced 
bv  penal  laws:  and  called  upon  them  modestly  to 
propose  their  doubts,  and  meekly  to  hearken  to 
and  receive  his  instructions.  The  proposition  was 
extremelv  "modest."'  especially  the  last  part  of  it. 
Mr.  Delaune  accepted  the  invitation,  and  gave  to 
the  nation  his  "  Plea  for  the  Nonconformists."  lie 
was  speedily  apprehended,  and  committed  to  Wood- 
street-Compter,  where  he  had  a  bench  for  his  bed 
and  two  bricks  for  his  pillow.  From  it  he  was 
taken  to  Newgate,  where  he  was  thrust  among 
felons  whose  dreadful  words  and  acts  continually 
reminded  him  of  the  abyss. 

In  one  of  his  letters  to  Dr.  Calamy,  written  from 
the  prison,  he  says.  ''  There  is  nothing  (in  his  book) 
against  the  king's  majesty,  nothing  against  the 
civil  government,  nothing  against  the  peace  of  this 
monarchy,  there  asserted.  The  only  dispute  is 
about  the  original  of  rites  and  ceremonies,  and 
some  things,  which,  under  a  show  of  truths,  though 
not  righteously,  are  charged  on  doubting  persons. 
What  the  court  will  do  with  me  I  know  not.  The 
will  of  the  Supreme  Father  be  done.''  The  letter 
from  which  this  is  a  quotation  was  written  in 
Latin.  In  another  letter  he  says  to  Calamy,  "I 
had  some  thoughts  that  you  would  have  performed 
the  office  of  a  divine  (minister)  in  visiting  me  in 
my  place  of  confinement,  to  argue  me  out  of 
my  doubts,  which,  your  promised  '  Scripture  and 
reason,'  not  a  Mittimus  or  Newgate,  could  easily 


do.  To  the  former  I  can  yield,  to  the  latter  it 
seems  I  must.  This  is  a  severe  kind  of  logic,  and 
it  will  probably  dispute  me  out  of  this  world,  as  it 
did  Mr.  Bampfield  and  Mr.  Ualphson  lately,  who 
were  mv  dear  and  excellent  companions  in  trouble'' 
(in  prison). 

Daniel  Do  Foo  savs  of  Delaune' s  book.  "'The 
Plea  for  Nonconformists'  is  perfect  of  itself.  Never 
author  left  behind  him  a  more  finished  piece.  I 
believe  the  dispute  is  entirely  ended.  If  any  man 
ask  what  we;  can  (-ay  why  the  Dissenters  differ 
from  the  Church  of  Kngland.  and  what  they  can 
plead  for  it.  I  can  recommend  no  better  reply  than 
this.  Let  them  answer,  in  short.  Thomas  Delaune, 
and  desire  the  querist  to  read  the  book."  "  They 
who  allirm  that  the  Dissenters  were  never  perse 
cuted  in  Kngland  for  their  religion  (for  their  dis 
loyalty,  it  was  falsely  said)  will  do  well  to  tell  us 
what  name  we  shall  give  to  this  man  of  merit, 
than  whom  few  greater  scholars,  clearer  heads,  or 
greater  masters  of  argument,  ever  graced  the  Eng 
lish  nation.  I  am  sorry  to  say  he  is  one  of  neat-h 
eight  thousand  Dissenters  who  perished  in  prison 
in  the  davs  of  that  merciful  prince,  Charles  II." 
''The  Plea  for  Nonconformists,"  in  17')'.',  had 
passed  through  seventeen  editions,  without  an 
answer,  except  the  crushing  and  deadly  reply 
given  by  Newgate  jail. 

Ivimey  says  that  Sir  George  Jeffreys  was  the 
judge  before  whom  Delaune  was  tried,  the  judicial 
Nero  whose  li  Bloody  Assi/.es"  will  make  his  mem 
ory  infamous  throughout  all  time.  The  sentence 
of  the  court  required  Delaune  to  pay  a  fine  of  one 
hundred  marks,  and  to  find  reliable  security  for 
his  good  behavior  for  one  year  afterwards,  and  his 
book  was  to  be  burned  with  fire  before  the  Uoyal 
Exchange  in  London.  He  could  not  pay  the  fine, 
and  he  never  left  the  prison  alive.  His  wife  and 
two  children  were  compelled  to  live  with  him  in 
the  jail  through  the  exhaustion  of  his  means:  and 
the  hardships  and  the  poisonous  atmosphere  of 
Newgate,  which  killed  Delaune  in  fifteen  months, 
sent  them  to  the  grave  before  him. 

Delavan. — This  well-known  village  was  founded 
in  1836  by  two  Baptist  brothers, — Henry  and 
Samuel  Phoenix,  of  Perry,  N.  Y.  Nearly  all  the 
early  settlers  were  Baptists.  The  Baptist  church, 
now  the  largest  in  the  State,  was  founded  in  1S3S. 
It  is  the  mother  of  four  other  churches  in  the  im 
mediate  vicinity.  It  has  received  into  its  fellow 
ship  in  its  forty  years'  history  1141  members. — (ill 
by  baptism.  Its  present  membership  is  425,  and 
its  present  pastor,  Rev.  D.  E.  Ilalteman,  has  been 
settled  eleven  years. 

Delaware,  Baptists  of.— The  churches  of  this 
State  may  be  divided  into  the  early  and  later,  or 
anti-mission  and  mission.  The  Welsh  Tract  church 
was  the  first  in  the  colony.  It  was  formed  in 


DELAWARE 


DKLKK 


Wales,  and  settled  in  Delaware  in  1703.  Their 
principles  soon  spread.  In  1778,  Rev.  Elijah 
.Baker,  and  in  1779.  Rev.  Philip  Hughes,  came 
from  Virginia,  preaching  together  the  AVord.  There 
Avas  ii  great  quickening  among  the  Baptists,  and 
many  were  converted  and  baptized,  and  several 
churches  were  constituted.  In  this  work  these 
ministers  received  the  hearty  co-operation  of  the 
Baptist  pastors  and  churches. 

The  first  Baptist  church  in  AViimington  was 
formed  mainly  through  the  efforts  of  Thomas 
Ainger,  a  Presbyterian,  from  Philadelphia,  who 
became  eventually  a  Baptist,  and  the  pastor  of  the 
church.  His  wife  was  a  Baptist.  He  maintained 
family  worship,  and  Messrs.  Fleeson  and  Bog^s, 
Baptist  ministers,  preached  by  his  invitation  in  his 
house.  Rev.  Philip  Hughes  preached  in  the  town 
school-house  and  in  the  Presbyterian  church.  Sev 
eral  were  baptized,  and  finally  sixteen  Avert;  con 
stituted  into  a  church.  Their  meetinir-house  still 
stands  on  King  Street.  Tin,'  following  is  a  list  of 
the  early  churches,  with  the  date  of  organization  : 
AVelsh  Tract,  New  Castle  County,  1701  ;  Sounds, 
Sussex  County.  1779:  Broadcreek,  Sussex  Countv. 
1781  ;  Mount  Moriah.  Kent  County.  1781  ;  Brvn- 
ziou.  Kent  County.  1781  ;  Mispillion,  Kent  Countv, 
17<S3;  Gravelleybranch,  Sussex  County.  1785; 
First  AViimington,  1785  ;  Bethel.  New  Castle 
County,  I7><''>.  Bethel,  in  Sussex  Countv,  Little- 
creek,  and  Millsborough  were  of  more  recent  date, 
and,  with  the  Sounds  and  Broadcreek  churches, 
belonged  to  the  Salisbury  Association,  which  was 
formed  in  1782.  composed  mostly  of  churches 
in  Maryland,  and  has  since  become  anti-mission. 
The  other  churches  were  at  first  connected  Avith 
the  Philadelphia  Association,  but  withdrew,  with 
good  feeling  on  both  sides,  to  form  the  Delaware 
Association,  which  was  organized  in  17'.I5.  It 
was  soon  joined  by  several  churches  in  Pennsyl 
vania.  Since  185C)  it  has  taken  the  name  of  the 
Delaware  Old-School  Baptist  Association.  In  1801 
it  was  composed  of  5  churches,  with  293  members; 
in  1825,  of  9  churches,  with  59;>  members;  and  in 
1879,  of  7  churches,  with  197  members.  Of  the 
churches  in  this  State  belonging  to  the  Delaware 
and  the  Salisbury  Associations,  six  remain,  Avith  a 
total  membership  of  200.  The  Sounds,  Mispillion, 
Gravelleybranch,  Bethel,  in  New  Castle  County, 
Bethel,  in  Sussex  County  ;  and  the  Millsborough 
churches  have  ceased  to  exist.  The  minutes  of 
the  Delaware  Association  show  that  at  one  time 
both  missions  and  missionary  societies  were  ap 
proved  of  by  that  body.  The  Baptist  Publication 
(then  Tract)  and  the  Home  and  Foreign  Mission 
Societies  and  their  Avork  met  with  favor  in  the 
churches.  It  Avas  not  until  after  1830  that  a 
change  took  place  in  the  Delaware  Association 
and  in  the  churches  connected  with  it.  They  be- 


came  anti-mission  and  anti-effort,  which  change 
led  to  the  formation  of  the  Second  church.  Wil 
mington,  upon  an  avowed  missionarv  basis. 
Among  the  many  Baptist  ministers  of  this  period 
who  were  born,  or  converted,  or  ordained,  or  em 
ployed  in  the  State  were  Rev.  Enoch  Morgan,  Rev. 
John  Davis.  Rev.  Jenkin  Jones.  Rev.  David  Jones, 
A.M.,  Rev.  Abel  Morgan.  A.M..  Rev.  Morgan 
Edwards.  A.M..  Rev.  Thomas  J.  Kitts.  Rev.  Joseph 
II.  Kcnnard,  D.D..  and  Rev.  Daniel  Dodije.  The 
following  is  a  list  of  the  later  churches,  with  the 
date  of  organization  :  Second.  Wilmington,  1S35; 
Dover.  1852;  German.  Wilmington,  185f>;  Dela 
ware  Avenue,  AViimington.  1S('>5  ;  Plymouth.  181)7; 
Lincoln,  1S(J9  ;  /ion.  Vernon,  1871;  Wyoming, 
1872;  Magnolia,  1873;  Milford.  1*73:  Elm  Street, 
Wilmington,  1873;  Shiloh  (African)  Wilmington, 
IS7(i:  New  Castle,  187f>  :  Bethany.  1878.  The 
old  First  was  resuscitated  for  a  while,  hut  it  and  the 
Elm  Street  disbanded  to  form  the  Bethany  and 
occupy  the  P^lm  Street  chapel.  A  few  old  mem 
bers  hold  on  at  King  Street.  The  Lincoln  church 
disbanded  to  form  the  Milford.  and  the  Plymouth 
to  form  the  Magnolia.  In  18(19  the  Wyoming  In 
stitute  was  purchased  (see  article).  A  Baptist 
City  Mission  was  formed  in  187(1  among  the  Wil 
mington  churches,  which  bought  a  lot,  built 
thereon  the  Elm  Street  chapel,  which  property 
they  deeded  to  the  Bethany  church.  In  1878  the 
Delaware  Baptist  Union  was  formed  in  the  Second 
church.  AVilmington.  It  is  composed  of  eight 
churches  in  Delaware  Co..  Pa.,  and  eleven  in  Dela 
ware  State.  The  objects  of  the  "Union"  are  the 
promotion  of  fraternity  among  the  churches  com 
posing  it  and  the  evangelization  of  the  field.  The 
Baptist  churches  not  only  of  Delaware  ('except  the 
Old  School),  but  also  those  of  the  "  Union,''  are 
connected  with  the  Philadelphia  Association. 

The  number  of  missionary  Baptist  churches  in 
the  State  is  11,  with  a  membership  of  1924,  and 
2183  teachers  and  scholars  in  14  Sabbath-schools. 
The  benevolent  contributions  of  the  churches  for 
1879,  for  work  at  home  and  abroad,  amounted  to 
over  $20,000. 

Delke,  James  A.,  LL.D. — Prof.  Delke  was  born 
in  Sussex  Co.,  Va.,  in  1821  ;  was  educated  atAATake 
Forest  and  Chapel  Hill,  having  graduated  at  the 
latter  college  in  1841  ;  has  taught  in  Virginia, 
Tennessee,  and  North  Carolina,  and  for  fifteen 
years  has  been  Professor  of  Mathematics,  Natural 
Science,  and  Belles-Letters  at  Murfreesborough 
Institute.  N.  C. 

Prof.  Delke  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  from 
Madison  University,  N.  Y..  and  that  of  LL.D. 
from  Southwestern  University,  Jackson,  Tenn. 
He  regards  it  as  the  chief  boon  of  his  life  that  he 
has  always  taken  a  lively  interest  in  Sabbath- 
schools. 


DELL 


DENTS  ON 


Dell,  Rev.  William,  A.M.,  was  educated  at  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  England,  and  after  re 
ceiving;  Episcopal  ordination  he  became  a  clergyman 
of  the  Established  Church.  In  the  great  awaken 
ing  in  Kuii'land  in  the  seventeenth  century  lie 
adopted  our  views  on  the  mode  and  subjects  of  bap 
tism,  and  on  the  non-coercive  authority  of  a  gospel 
church. 

He  denounced  all  compulsion  in  matters  of  re 
ligion,  and  wrote  a  book  against  uniformity  in  re 
ligion  secured  by  the  persuasive  force  of  legal 
enactments.  This  work  stirred  up  the  unhallowed 
•wrath  of  the  English  Presbyterians,  who  were 
straining  their  powers  to  the  utmost  to  make  their 
church  sole  mistress  of  the  consciences  of  her  foes. 

In  1G45  he  was  appointed  a  chaplain  in  the  army  ; 
in  this  position  ho  attended  constantly  on  Sir 
Thomas  Fairfax,  and  preached  at  headquarters, 
where  ho  exerted  a  powerful  influence  with  leading 
men  against  Presbyterian  legal  intolerance,  and  in 
favor  of  religious  liberty.  Richard  Baxter  became 
a  chaplain  in  the  army  to  counteract  the  teachings 
of  Mr.  Dell  and  others,  and  he  tried  to  induce  SOUK; 
of  his  Presbyterian  brethren  to  follow  his  example. 
Various  efforts  were  employed  to  injure  the  char 
acter  of  Mr.  Dell,  by  which  he  was  subjected  to 
much  annoyance,  but  they  were  all  failures. 

On  Nov.  -5,  1040,  he  was  appointed  to  preach 
before  the  House  of  Commons  on  the  occasion  of  a 
public  fast.  His  subject  was  Reformation,  and  in 
treating  this  popular  topic  he  showed  the  folly  and 
wickedness  of  trying  to  secure  it  by  persecution. 
To  many  of  his  hearers  this  was  extremely  offen 
sive,  as  the  preacher  well  knew,  but  his  con 
science  compelled  him  to  tell  these  legislators 
some  wholesome  truths.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Love, 
a  Presbyterian  minister,  was  one  of  his  hearers 
in  the  morning,  and  the  preacher  before  the 
same  body  in  the  afternoon.  Instead  of  deliver 
ing  the  sermon  he  had  prepared  for  the  occasion. 
he  felt  compelled  to  try  and  remove  the  deep 
impression  left  by  the  sermon  of  Mr.  Dell.  With 
much  warmth  and  "  many  unhandsome  reflections" 
he  justified  the  punishment  of  heretics,  and  the 
authority  of  government  to  impose  articles  of  faith 
and  forms  of  worship.  The  two  discourses  created 
a  sensation. 

Mr.  Dell  was  endowed  with  great  mental  powers, 
and  he  was  possessed  of  extensive  learning.  In 
1040  he  was  made  master  of  Gains  College.  Cam 
bridge,  one  of  the  numerous  colleges  constituting 
the  University  of  Cambridge.  He  lost  the  rectory 
of  Yeldon  and  the;  presidency  of  Cains  College 
through  his  fidelity  to  Baptist  principles  by  the 
Act  of  Uniformity  in  1002.  lie  was  the  author  of 
several  publications,  a  selection  from  which  was 
issued  in  a  handsome  octavo  volume  in  1773. 

De  Mill,  Rev.  Elisha  Budd,  was  born  in  St. 


•John,  New  Brunswick,  April  7,  1829.  His  college 
studies  -were  pursued  in  part  at  Acadia  College, 
.Nova  Scotia,  and  in  part  at  Brown  University. 
Two  years  were  spent  by  him — -IS.")l-53 — at  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution.  He  was  ordained 
as  a  minister  of  the  gospel  ,Jul\-  1,  Is5o.  and  be 
came  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Amherst, 
Nova  Scotia.  Here  he  remained  not  far  from  four 
years. —  IS.")." -57.  C/n  resigning  his  pastorate  in 
Amherst  IK;  returned  to  his  native  city,  and  was 
city  missionary  for  two  years. —  1S57-5U.  Closing 
his  connection  with  the.  society  in  whose  service  he 
had  been  during  this  period,  he  accepted  a  call 
to  become'  the  pastor  of  the  Leinster  Street  Baptist 
church  in  St.  John.  This  position  he  held  during 
the  remainder  of  his  life.  In  connection  with  his 
ministerial  duties  he  also  discharged  those  of  editor 
of  the  Christian  Watchman,  a  religious  paper,  pub 
lished  at  St.  .Jolwi.  Mr.  De  Mill  received  the  degree 
of  M.A.  from  Acadia  College  in  1S4'J.  and  from 
Brown  University  in  IS."),').  |[o  died  at  St.  .John, 
Xew  Brunswick,  in  1803.  He  was  a  preacher  of 
ability,  and  a  Christian  without  blame. 

De  Mill,  Nathan  S.,  an  enterprising  merchant 
of  St.  .John,  Xew  Brunswick  ;  he  was  baptized  and 
joined  Germain  Street  Baptist  church  in  that  city 
about  1842;  was  deacon  of  Brussels  Street  church 
and  subsequently  also  of  Leinster  Street  church; 
was  a  liberal  friend  of  Acadia  College,  and  a  strong 
supporter  of  temperance  and  prohibition,  and  pos 
sessed  sterling  integrity.  Died  Dec.  20,  1804.  aged 
sixty  years. 

Denison,  Rev.  Albert  Edgar,  son  of  William 

and  Betsey  Denison,  was  born  in  Saybrook.  Conn., 
Sept.  12.  1S]!2:  his  maternal  grandfather  was  Rev. 
Eliphalet  Lester,  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church  in 
Saybrook;  was  converted  at  the  age  of  fifteen; 
baptized  by  Ilov.  llussoll  -Jennings:  united  with 
First  Baptist,  church  of  Saybrook  (now  Winthrop)  ; 
studied  at  Connecticut  Literary  Institution,  Suf- 
field  :  graduated  from  Brown  University  in  1842; 
taught  school  in  Chester,  Conn.,  and  preached  in 
Saybrook  (now  Winthrop)  ;  ordained  in  his  native 
town  in  1843.  and  remained  one  year  ;  in  1S44  set 
tled  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Waliingford,  Conn., 
and  labored  successfully  for  seven  years:  in  1851 
settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Clinton,  Conn., 
and  continued  pastor  with  happy  results  for  fifteen 
years;  became  for  nearly  three  years  agent  for  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  :  preached 
nearly  three  years  for  the  Baptist  church  in  Lyme  ; 
in  1871  settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Plain- 
ville,  Conn.,  and  remained  until  health  failed  in 
1878;  still  resides  there:  renders  occasional  ser 
vices  to  weak  churches:  has  had  a  prosperous  min 
istry  :  devout,  scholarly,  faithful,  honored:  very 
active  in  educational  interests  and  all  true  reforms; 
served  on  school  boards  from  1844  to  1877. 


DENIS  OX 


DENIS  ON 


Denison,  Rev.  Erastus,  son  of  Frederick  and 
Hannah  (Fish)  Denison.  was  born  in  Stonington, 
Conn.,  Dec.  '22,  1791:  baptized  by  Rev.  -John  G. 
Wightman  in  1S14;  began  preaching  in  18:24; 
ordained  by  First  Baptist  cliurch  in  Groton  in 
1S2C)  ;  labored  as  an  evangelist:  settled  with  Third 
Baptist  church  in  Groton  in  I  S3 1,  and  remained 
fifteen  years  ;  subsequent  settlements  and  engage 
ments:  in  Waterlbrd  four  years:  in  North  Lviue 
one  year:  in  Xorth  Stonington  three  years;  at 
East  Marion,  Long  Island;  on  Martha's  Vineyard: 
Clmrlestown  and  Ilopkinton.  I!.  I.:  Montville.  New 
London.  Kast  Lynie,  and  Stonington  ;  preached 
387N  sermons,  bapti/.ed  .'111  persons.  He  was  a 
pure  man.  devoted  to  the  Master's  work  ;  died  in 
Groton.  Sept.  '2(1  ISfili,  in  his  seventy-fifth  year. 

Denison,  Rev.  Frederic,  son  of  Isaac  and  Lcvina 
(Fish)  Denison.  was  born  in  Stonington,  Conn., 


KF.y.    FRF.DF.HIC    DF.MSON. 

Sept.  28.  1819:  studied  in  Bacon  Academy  and  the 
Connecticut  Literary  Institution;  graduated  at 
B.-own  University  in  1X47  :  in  UK;  same  year  settled 
with  F.rst  Baptist  church  in  \Vesterly,  }{.  I.,  and 
\vas  ordained:  served  tliat  church,  in  two  pasto 
rates,  for  fifteen  years  ;  settled  with  Central  Baptist 
church  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  and  remained  five  years  : 
settled  with  Central  Falls  Baptist  church  in  Rhode 
Island;  served  as  chaplain  in  the  army  for  three 
years,  with  1st  R.  I.  Cavalry  and3d  R.  I.  Heavy  Artil 
lery  ;  settled  a-'ain  in  Westerly,  then  in  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  then  in  Woonsocket,  R.  I.,  and  lastly  in 
Providence.  II.  I.  ;  bapti/.ed  over  four  hundred  per 
sons  ;  favored  with  special  revivals  ;  author  of  the 


following  bound  volumes:    "The   Supper  Institu- 

|  tion,"  "  The  Sabbath   Institution.''  "  The  Baptists 

j  and    their    Principles    in     Norwich,    Connecticut,1' 

;  "  The    Evangelist,    or    Life    and    Labors    of    Rev. 

Jabe/    S.    Swan."    "  History    of   the    First   Rhode 

Island    Cavalry,"    "  Westerly    and    its    Witnesses 

for  Two  Hundred  and   Fifty  Years,"  "Picturesque 

Narragansett,   Sea  and   Shore,"  "  Illustrated  New 

I  Bedford,     Martha's     Vineyard,    and     Nantueket." 

"History  of  the  Third  Rhode  Island   Heavy  Artil- 

i  lery  Regiment."  "  Picturesque  Rhode  Island,"  also 

of  sermons  and  addresses  ;  and  of  poems  and  articles 

numberless  in  secular  and  religions  periodicals:  a 

corresponding  member  of   Rhode  Island  Historical 

Society,  and  Wisconsin  Historical  Society  :  member 

of  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Historical  Society  of  Rhode 

Island:    the   first  Baptist   Historical   Registrar    of 

Rhode  Island. 

Denison,  Deacon  John  Ledyard,  A.M.,  son  of 

Isaac  and  Levina  (Fish)  Denison,  was  born  in  Ston 
ington.  Conn.,  Sept.  19.  182(>;  studied  at  Connec 
ticut  Literary  Institution  and  Worcester  Academy  ; 
united  with  Third  Baptist  church  in  Groton.  Conn., 
in  1839;  became  a  successful  teacher;  established 
the  Mystic  River  Academy ;  settled  in  Norwich, 
Conn.,  in  185,);  received  the  degree  of  Master  of 
Arts  from  Brown  University  in  1855;  published 
"  Pictorial  History  of  the  Wars  of  the  United 
States,"  edited  '•  Illustrated  New  World,"  in  Ger 
man,  "  Illustrated  History  of  the  New  World,"  in 
English,  and  minor  works;  secretary  and  treas 
urer  of  the  Henry  Bill  Publishing  Company  ;  su 
perintendent  of  Central  Baptist  Sunday-school  for 
about  twenty-five  years  ;  very  active  with  voice  and 
pen  in  the  religious  affairs  of  the  State,  and  in  tem 
perance  reform:  president  of  Connecticut  Baptist 
Education  Society,  and  a  useful  lay  preacher. 

Denison  University  is  situated  in  the  town  of 
Granville.  Licking  Co..  0..  and  was  established  by 
vote  of  the  Ohio  Baptist  Education  Society,  May, 
1831.  Intended  originally  as  a  manual-labor 
school,  it  was  at  first  located  on  a  farm  near  Gran 
ville,  and  incorporated  in  1832.  under  the  name  of 
Granville  Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 
This  name  was  changed  in  IS-15  to  Granville  Col 
lege,  and  the  manual-labor  feature  set  aside.  In 
1856  it  was  removed  from  the  farm  to  a  beautiful 
lull  site  overlooking  the  town,  and  the  name  again 
changed  to  Denison  University,  in  honor  of  one 
of  its  benefactors. 

The  first  president  was  Prof.  .John  Pratt.  Avho 
took  charge  of  the  institution  in  1831,  and  laid  well 
the  foundations  of  its  success.  He  was  succeeded, 
in  1837.  by  Rev.  Jonathan  Goin.tr.  D.D.  ;  in  1847, 
by  Rev.  Silas  Bailey.  D.D.;  in  1853,  by  Rev.  Jere 
miah  Hall,  D.D.  ;  in  1803,  by  Rev.  Samson  Talbot, 
D.D.  :  in  1874,  by  Rev.  E.  Benjamin  Andrews  ;  and 
in  1879,  by  Rev.  A.  Owen,  D.D.  The  property  of 


the  imiversity  consists  of  a  campus  of  twenty-four  finally   settled   with   the   First    Baptist   church    in 

acres,  nearly"  half  of  which  is  covered  with  a  grove  \VateHord  -.  active,  energetic,  strong  in  faith,  wise 

of  forest-trees.      The   buildings  are  capable   of  ae-  in  council,  beloved  l.y  all  :   one  to  whom  Conneeti- 

commodating    ls«>  students,  and  are  well    provided  cut  is  under   large  obligations:   died  in  Waterlnrd, 

with   dormitories,   study   rooms,   society   halls,  etc.  Oct.  -id,    1877,  aged  seventy-one  years;  buried   in 

Within   the  past   i wo  years  a  fine   library  building,  \\inthrop. 

called    Doane   Hall,  after  its  donor,  W.'ll.    Doane,         Deilk,   Hans,   was   a    mystical   Anabaptist  who 

,,[•  Cincinnati,  has  been  erected.      The  library  mini-  occupied  an  influential  place  among  the  llefonners 

hers  l^diiii  volumes.     The  property,  with  it,  build-  of  the  sixteenth  century.    We  first  find  him  u  young 

inu-s  and   their  contents,  is  estimated   to  be  worth  master  of  arts   in    Hash-  in    1;V22.  and   an    intimate 

S10:>.(HH>.  and   the   productive  endowment  is  Si  U  1 .-  friend  of  the  celebrated   (Kcolampadius.      In    1  ;VJ3 

775.  making  a  total  of  Si>'Ji).77">.  In1  moved    to    Nuremberg   and    became   rector   of  a 


tt  in?!rnrftirt  rrrtrr 


iVrH     in  »>  KB  ii<&  ii1  »• 

SITU,  p'-""?  ft  tt>ir  tr 

(IB   J:    '        j.vA      j-     |l,;l-'       '       J!       •»*.      •.•       ^^i^-t.     •••      •-•     p.j.-'i-^i]       »••      ••••!".    ';    ^-:^-' 

|«i^tff|s  i  frft  f ;n_p7 f  fi : Ji: 


DKXISdN     VNIVKUSITV.   <!  K.\  N  V  1  U,E,  OHIO. 


The  faculty  of  Denison  consists  of  a  president 
and  nine  professors.  There  is  a  regular  classical 
course  of  study  running  through  four  years.  There 
is  also  a  scientific  course,  omitting  the  Greek  and 
Latin  languages,  and  a  preparatory  course  of  two 
years.  The  college  has  a  high  reputation.  There  : 
are  usually  from  ]."><)  to  l2(H)  .students  in  attendance 
in  all  the  departments. 

Denison,  Rev.  William,  son  of  William  and 

Betsey  (Lester)  Denison,  was  born  in  Saybrook, 
Conn. .in  June.  1SU6;  converted  when  about  twenty 
years  of  age;  united  with  First  Baptist  church  in 
Saybrook,  March  '2~>,  lSl_'7,  being  bapti/.ed  by  1'u-v. 
Joseph  Glazier:  licensed  Dec.  20.  1S:>S  :  preached 
a  few  years  in  lladdam  :  pastor  for  many  years  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Easton  :  was  appointed  a  vState 
missionary  in  connection  with  Rev.  X.  K.  Shailer, 
and  nobly  scrvtid  for  many  years;  assisted  in  im 
proving  meeting-houses:  in  Winthrop.  where  he 
resided,  be  established  an  institute  for  young  ladies; 
meanwhile  he  supplied  the  First  Baptist  church; 


school,  where  he  met  M'un/er  and  Ilaetzer  and 
adopted  mystical  and  Anabaptist  views.  Driven 
from  Xiiremberg  he  went  first  to  St.  (Jail,  and 
afterwards  to  Augsburg,  where  by  unceasing  but 
cautions  activity  be  contributed  largely  to  make  it 
a  stronghold  of  Anabaptism.  The  publication  of 
his  book  on  "  The  Law  of  God"  led  to  bis  expul 
sion  in  l.rJl).  lie  next  went  to  Strasburg.  where 
be  and  llaet/.er  undertook  the  translation  of  the 
Hebrew  Bible.  Their  version  of  the  prophets  was 
highly  meritorious. 

Driven  from  Strasburg,  Denk  labored  in  various 
places  until  l.">i!7.  when  he  died  of  the  pest  at 
Basle,  in  the  house  of  his  old  friend,  GEcolainpadius. 
Tn  the  preface  of  bis  book  already  mentioned  lie 
says.  ''Whoever  wishes  to  be  of  Christ  must  walk 
in  the  way  that  Christ  has  trodden,  thus  will  he 
come  to  the  habitation  of  God  :  he  who  does  not 
walk  in  this  way  will  err  to  all  eternity."  'This 
sentiment  is  the  cardinal  doctrine  which  governs 
Baptists  in  regard  to  their  practice  everywhere, 


DENNE 


329 


DENNE 


and  which  controlled  them  during  their  whole  his 
tory. 

In  "An  Exposition  of  Some  Points  of  Belief," 
which  he  wrote,  he  says,  "  It  grieves  me  to  the 
heart  that  I  must  stand  in  lack  of  unity  with  many 
whom  I  cannot  consider  as  other  than  my  brethren, 
for  they  pray  to  the  God  to  whom  I  offer  supplica 
tion  ;  they  honor  the  Father  whom  I  honor:  the 
Father  who  has  sent  his  Son  into  the  world  as  a 
Saviour.  Therefore,  if  God  will,  I  will  not  make 
of  my  brother  an  adversary,  and  of  my  Father  a 
judge,  but  I  will  reconcile  myself  with  all  my  ad 
versaries  while  I  am  in  the  way  with  them.  Here 
upon  I  beg  them  for  God's  sake  to  pardon  me  what 
ever  I  have,  without  my  knowledge,  done  against 
them  ;  and  to  promise  besides  to  lift  from  me,  and 
never  to  avenge  any  mischief,  injury,  or  disgrace 
that  may  be  laid  up  against  me  by  them.''  Denk 
differed  from  the  Reformers  because  truth  compelled 
him.  He  was  a  Baptist  because  he  could  not  help 
it,  and  like  Baptists  now.  he  was  full  of  love  for 
the  children  of  God  with  whom  he  differed. 

Denk  was  very  popular  in  Augsburg.  Urbanus 
Rhegius,  a  minister  in  that  city  while  Denk  resided 
in  it,  says  of  his  influence,  ''It  increased  like  a 
cancer,  to  the  grievous  injury  of  many  souls." 
Throngs  attended  Baptist  worship,  the  noblest  and 
oldest  families  joined  the  movement,  and  some  of 
them  only  left  it  for  the  martyr's  crown.  Be 
fore  the  truths  and  discourses  of  Hans  Denk.  the 
public  sentiment  of  Augsburg  seemed  for  a  time  to 
bow. 

But  his  principles  traveled  "on  the  Rhine,  in 
Switzerland,  in  Franconia,  in  Suabia,  even  as  far 
as  Moravia,"  and  had  his  life  been  spared,  and  the 
favor  of  God  still  continued,  the  Reformation  of 
Luther  might  have  been  a  complete  purification  of 
Christianity. 

The  opinions  of  Denk  in  some  respects  differed 
from  ours  ;  his  theology  may  bo  characterized  as 
Origenistic;  but  he  was  largely  with  us;  and  he 
was  a  powerful  advocate  of  the  truth  ;  "  friend  and 
foe  rightly  considered  that  his  death  was  the  se 
verest  blow"  that  the  Baptist  communities  had  re 
ceived  till  LVJ7.  « 

His  knowledge  of  the  Scriptures  was  profound, 
his  theological  information  extensive,  his  learning 
great,  his  reputation  as  an  author  wide-spread,  and 
his  piety  unquestioned.  In  him  "his  brethren  had 
a  prize  that  would  have  been  an  ornament  to  any 
party,"  and  he  became  so  easily  and  rapidly  their 
chief  that  he  was  sometimes  called  their  pope. 

Denne,  Rev.  Henry,  distinguished  himself  by 
his  sermons,  discussions,  writings,  sufferings,  and 
heroism  for  the  truth.  Like  many  Pedobaptists  he 
was  designed  for  the  ministry  from  childhood  with 
out  any  reference  to  conversion.  He  received  his 

i 

education   at    the    University    of   Cambridge,   and  1 
22 


about  1030,  he  was  ordained  by  the  bishop  of  St. 
Davids. 

He  held  the  living  of  Pyrton  in  Hertfordshire 
for  ten  years,  after  receiving  episcopal  orders,  and 
for  his  industry  and  earnestness  in  preaching  he 
was  highly  esteemed  by  his  people. 

In  1041  he  was  appointed  to  preach  the  visitation 
sermon  at  Baldock  to  the  clergy  and  gentry.  The 
meeting  was  numerous  and  influential.  The  ser 
mon  was  largely  taken  up  with  an  exposure  of  the 
sin  of  persecution,  the  vices  of  the  ministry,  and 
the  corruptions  in  doctrine  and  worship  of  the  Ks- 
tablished  Church.  Mr.  Denne  in  his  sermon  showed 
no  mercy  to  the  pride,  covetousness.  pluralities, 
and  non-residence  of  the  clergy.  The  sermon  pro 
duced  a  sensation  among  the  hearers  ;  the  clergy 
men  could  scarcely  keep  their  seats  while  their 
well-known  offenses  were  set  in  order  before  them, 
and  Mr.  Denne  preserved  a  good  conscience  and 
secured  firm  friends  and  lively  enemies  l>v  his  faith 
fulness.  In  studying  the  Scriptures  he  found  that 
infant  baptism  was  not  enjoined  by  the  Saviour, 
and  in  extending  his  researches  he  failed  to  dis 
cover  it  in  the  records  of  the  first  two  centuries, 
and  he  felt  bound  to  be  baptized.  He  was  immersed 
in  London  about  1043  by  Mr.  Lamb,  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Bell  Alley,  Coleman  Street,  of  which  he 
became  a  member.  Mr.  Denne  was  regarded  in 
his  day  as  a  man  of  extraordinary  talents,  and  as 
an  eminently  fit  person  to  win  the  perishing  from 
iniquity.  Like  the  apostles  he  journeyed  much, 
and  he  preached  the  trutli  in  many  parts  of  England. 
He  proclaimed  the  blessed  gospel  in  London,  in 
Cambridgeshire,  in  Lincolnshire,  in  Kent,  and  in 
other  places,  and  he  baptized  many  converts  and 
founded  churches  wherever  he  went.  This  led  to 
his  arrest  on  several  occasions,  but  he  was  not  de 
tained  in  prison  for  any  considerable  period  by  the 
efforts  of  his  enemies. 

Discouraged  by  persecutions  and  legal  hindrances 
to  his  work  as  a  minister,  he  entered  the  army  as  a 
cornet,  in  which  his  courage  and  intelligence  soon 
made  him  a  general  favorite.  He  was  in  one  of 
the  twelve  troops  that  mutinied  at  Burford,  in  Ox 
fordshire,  and  he  and  three  others  were  condemned 
to  death  ;  the  others  were  executed,  but  Cornet 
Denne  when  called  out  was  pardoned.  lie  came 
forward  "expecting  death  with  great  composure  of 
spirit,"  but  he  was  spared.  The  troops  thought 
that  after  the  death  of  Charles  I.  there  should  lie 
"  liberty  and  a  free  commonwealth,"  but  they  were 
disappointed.  And  as  twelve  regiments  were  or 
dered  for  service  in  Ireland,  under  Cromwell,  there 
was  a  revolt  among  the  troops  at  Burford.  Mr. 
Denne  bitterly  regretted  the  part  he  had  taken  in 
this  transaction,  and  gave  himself  more  heartily 
than  ever  to  the  spread  of  the  gospel. 

There  was  a  lady  in  London  greatly  exercised  on 


the  question,  "  Whether  infant  baptism  were  of 
God  or  not  ?"  She  desired  that  a  friendly  confer 
ence  should  be  held  in  her  presence  that  her  mind 
midit  be  relieved  from  doubts  about  her  duty  in 
reference  to  baptism.  It  \vas  arranged  that  Mr. 
Denne  and  Dr.  (Running,  subsequently  bishop,  first 
of  Ely  and  then  of  <  'hiehester.  should  present  their 
respective  views  in  St.  Clement  Dane's  church. 
London,  on  the  19th  and  2oth  of  November.  lf>5S. 
Tlie  discussion  created  so  much  interest  that  thou 
sands  of  people  flocked  to  hear  it,  and  for  a  time 
it  \vas  an  absorbing  topic  of  conversation  through 
out  all  circles  of  society.  During  the  second  day 
Dr.  dunning  took  advantage  of  a  tumultuous  in 
terruption  in  the  church  to  dec-line  further  con 
troversy,  showing  that  he  had  an  antagonist  with 
whose  blows  he  was  wearied.  The  lady  decided 
against  the  future  bishop,  and  she  was  immersed 
on  the  1st  of  December,  by  Mr.  Denne. 

Mr.  Denne  was  the  author  of  six  works,  which 
were  widely  circulated  and  highly  esteemed.  He 
died  about  I  tiGl.  and  upon  his  grave  a  clergyman, 
one  of  his  friends,  put  this  epitaph  : 


lie  was  a  scholarly  man.  untiring  in  serving 
Jesus,  of  fine  talents,  and  of  a  blameless  life. 

Benson,  Rev.  William,  long  an  active  and 
efficient  Baptist  minister  east  of  Pearl  River,  in 
Mississippi,  was  born  in  Tennessee  about  ISO;). 
but  spent  his  boyhood  in  Alabama.  He  removed 
to  Rankin  Co.,  Miss.,  about  1X20.  and  soon  after 
bewail  to  preach.  At  first  his  education  was  de 
fective,  but  by  dint  of  close  application  he  over 
came  these  deficiencies  and  became  one  of  the  most 
influential  preachers  in  his  part  of  the  State.  He 
labored  chiefly  in  the  counties  of  Rankin,  Madison. 
Scott,  and  Leake.  Few  men  in  the  State  have  im 
pressed  themselves  more  upon  the  denomination 
than  William  Denson.  He  was  many  years  moder 
ator  of  his  Association.  lie  was  accidentally 
thrown  from  his  buggy  and  killed  while  attending 
a  protracted  meeting,  in  1875. 

Benton,  Rev.  Isaac,  a  distinguished  pioneer 
preacher  of  Southeastern  Kentucky,  of  French  ex 
traction,  was  born  in  Caswell  Co..  N.  C..  in  Sep 
tember,  1708.  He  was  ordained  a  Baptist  minister, 
and  preached  several  years  in  East  Tennessee.  He 
removed  to  Clinton  Co.,  Ky..  in  1798,  and  gathered 
Otter  Creek,  Beaver  Creek,  Clear  Creek,  and  others 
of  the  first  churches  in  this  region  of  the  State. 
After  a  long  and  useful  ministry,  he  died  Jan.  26, 
1848. 

Bepravity,  Total.     See  ORIGINAL  Six. 
Besbrisay,  James,  is   a    retired   merchant    of 
Charlottetown.    Prince    Edward   Island,   who    has 
taken  a  very  active  part  for  many  years  in  pro- 


moting  the  progress  of  the  Baptist  denomination 
on  that  island,  and  in  sustaining  the  missionary  and 
educational  institutions  of  the  Baptists  in  the  Mar 
itime  Provinces. 

Des  Moines,  University  of,  Iowa,  was  founded 

in  JM>5.  It  originated  in  a  conviction  in  the  minds 
of  many  Iowa  Baptists  that  they  ought  to  have  an 
institution  of  learning  centrally  located,  and  in 
one  of  the  populous  cities  of  the  State.  Des  Moines 
had  recently  become  the  capital  of  Iowa,  r.nd  by 
constitutional  enactment  was  to  remain  the  seat  of 
government,  and  already  had  a  population  of  about 
10.00(1.  It  was  near  the  centre  of  the  State,  grow 
ing  steadily  in  population  and  mercantile  impor 
tance,  and  was  evidently  to  become  the  largest  city 
in  the  State,  the  centre  of  great  commercial,  po 
litical,  and  moral  influence.  A  building  and 
campus,  designed  and  partially  prepared  for  edu 
cational  purposes,  were  offered  on  reasonable  terms. 
This  property  (which  is  beautifully  located  on  an 
eminence  overlooking  the  city,  the  rivers,  the  val 
ley,  and  prominently  seen  from  all  approaches  of 
the  city)  seemed  then  a  little  remote  from  the  cen 
tre  of  population,  but  it  is  now  surrounded  by 
choice  private  residences,  which  are  reaching  far 
out  beyond  it. 

The  school  was  started  in  1800.  Limited  re 
sources  have  retarded  the  work,  but  there  has  been 
a  gradual  growth,  until  there  is  now  a  full  college 
curriculum,  classical  and  scientific,  and  also  a 
ladies'  course,  occupying  one  year  less  than  the 
full  college  course.  Both  sexes  are  equally  ad 
mitted  to  all  advantages  and  honors.  Several 
classes,  composed  of  both  sexes,  have  already 
graduated  from  full  courses  of  study. 

The  property  of  the  university  is  valued  at 
850,000.  and  the  endowment  fund  at  823.000.  Lo 
cated  in  the  metropolis  of  the  State,  which  has  a 
present  population  of  23.01)0,  a  central  point  of  rail 
roads,  in  the  midst  of  a  vast  coal-field,  and  in  one 
of  the  best  agricultural  districts  of  the  United 
States,  with  a  healthful  climate,  there  is  no  reason 
why,  with  earnest  efforts,  the  university  may  not  in 
the  future  rise  to  the  position  of  one  of  the  best 
seats  of  learning  in  the  State. 

J.  A.  Nash.  D.D.,  who  has  been  largely  iden 
tified  with  the  entire  history  of  this  university,  is 
its  present  president,  and  he  is  assisted  by  a  suffi 
cient  faculty  of  experienced  teachers. 

Devan,  Thomas  T.,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Xcw 
York  City,  July  31,  1809;  graduated  from  Colum 
bia  College  in  that  city  in  1828.  and  later,  at  the 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  Early  in  life 
he  became  connected  with  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  New  York,  under  the  ministry  of  Dr.  Cone,  and 
he  was  a  very  influential  helper.  In  1844  he  and 
his  admirable  wife,  the  daughter  of  David  Hale,  ed 
itor  of  the  Journal  of  Commerce,  went  as  missiona- 


ries  to  China.  Mrs.  Devan  died  within  two  years  : 
the  doctor's  health  failed  so  as  to  interfere  with  his 
preaching;  he  was  transferred  to  the  mission  in 
France,  where  he  remained  through  the  stirring 
period  from  1S4S  to  1.853.  when  lie  returned  home. 
Dr.  Devan  left  a  large  remunerative  practice  to 
enter  the  ministry,  and  since  his  return  he  lias 
continued  to  preach.  lie  was  army  chaplain 
during  the  war  :  has  been  pastor  at  Nyack.  X.  Y.. 
and  West  Iloboken.  X.  J.  ;  has  frequently  supplied 
the  churches  of  New  Brunswick,  where  he  resides, 
and  is  spending  the  evening  of  life  doing  good  as 
he  has  opportunity,  and  beloved  by  his  brethren. 

Devin,  Rev.  R.  I.,  of  Huguenot  descent,  was 
born  in  Henry  Co.,  Ya..  Aug.  14,  1S±2:  baptized 
by  Rev.  John  I).  Jlandkins,  May  IS.  1831):  edu 
cated  at  Rocky  Spring  Academy  ;  ordained  Aug. 
II.  1845;  labored  in  1840-47  as  a  missionary  of 
the  North  Carolina  Baptist  State  Convention  :  set 
tled  in  Oxford  as  pastor  in  184S,  and  has  spent 
most  of  a  long  and  useful  life  in  Granville  County, 
where  he  has  been  instrumental  in  organizing  a 
number  of  strong  churches,  and  has  baptized  some 
It'iOO  or  1800  persons.  He  has  been  pastor  of 
Mountain  Creek  church  fifteen  years,  and  of  (irassy 
Creek  church  Iwe>i1>/-ninc  years.  lie  has  recently 
published  a  valuable  and  interesting  history  of  this 
venerable  church. 

De  Votie,  J.  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Oneida 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  124,  IS] 3.  He  was  baptized  on 


J.   II.   DE    VOTIE,   D.D. 


the  morning  of  Sabbath,  Dee.  4,  1831,  at  Savan 
nah,  Ga.,  by   Rev.   II.  C.  Wyer.     The  First  Bap 


tist  church  of  Savannah  licensed  him  to  preach 
the  gospel  on  the  121st  of  October,  183:2,  immedi 
ately  after  which  he  pursued  a  course  of  study  in 
theology  at  Furman  Theological  Seminary,  located 
at  High  Hills  of  Santee,  Sumter  District.  S.  C., 
under  the  instruction  of  Jesse  Ilartwell.  D.D.,  and 
Samuel  Furman.  D.D.  He  was  ordained  by  Dr. 
Jesse  Ilartwell  and  Dr.  Joseph  B.  Cook,  at  Cam- 
den,  S.  C..  in  1833,  and  in  this  place  he  served  his 
first  pastorate  of  two  years,  while  a  student  at  the 
seminary. 

lie  moved  thence  to  Montgomery.  Ala.,  preach 
ing  there  one  year:  became  pastor  of  the  Tusca- 
loosa  church,  which  ho  served  four  years  :  was  then 
called  to  the  charge  of  the  Marion.  Ala.,  church, 
remaining  fourteen  years  ;  serving  one  year  as 
financial  secretary  of  the  Domestic  and  Indian 
Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention, 
of  which  ho  was  also  president  for  a  number  of 
years.  In  185f»  he  was  called  to  Columbus.  Ga.. 
where  he  lived  fourteen  years,  resi^nim:  the  pas 
torship  in  1870.  and  taking  charge  of  the  Griffin. 
Ga.,  church,  which  position  ho  retained  for  two 
years,— 1871  and  1872.  lie  still  resides  in  Griflin. 
although  ho  has  for  several  years  been  the  aide  and 
efficient  corresponding  secretary  of  the  State  Mis 
sion  Board  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention, 
ruder  his  management  that  board  has  been  very 
successful. 

A  strong  Baptist,  he  never  shuns  to  declare  the 
whole  counsel  of  God.  yet  Pedobaptists  love  and 
respect  him.  As  a  money-solicitor  at  our  Conven 
tions  ho  lias  few  equals,  and  his  exquisite  tact  and 
inimitable  humor  make  him  a  welcome  and  useful 
member  of  our  religious  assemblies.  In  person  he 
is  heavily  built,  rather  beneath  the  average  height, 
and  dignified  and  deliberate  in  his  movements. 

No  man  possesses  in  a  greater  measure  the  love 
and  confidence  of  his  Baptist  brethren,  and  at 
the  same  time  the  respect  and  esteem  of  other 
denominations,  and  of  the  community  at  laro-e. 
His  sermons  are  full  of  feeling,  and  are  of  that 
high  order  which  comes  from  men  of  the  loftiest 
intellect,  culture,  and  sensibility,  and  while  they 
affect  the  hearts  of  the  humblest  believers,  they 
excite  the  admiration  of  the  most  fastidious  and 
cultivated. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  war  he  served  for  a  brief 
time  on  the  Georgia  coast  as  voluntary  chaplain, 
declining  from  conscientious  motives  to  receive 
pay.  Though  laboring  in  the  ministry  for  more 
than  forty  years,  he  has  riot  been  without  a  field 
of  labor  for  as  much  as  two  months  at  a  time, 
having  baptized  not  fewer  than  1500  professed 
converts. 

If  there  is  any  credit  to  be  attached  to  the  re 
moval  of  Mercer  University  from  Penfield.  he  is 
entitled  to  his  share  of  it,  for  he  offered  to  the 


DKXTKR 


DIVKKRXOX 


board   of  trustees,  of  winch   he   is   ;i  member,  the 
first  set  of  resolutions  on  that  subject. 

His  influence  in  Georgia,  as  it  was  in  Alabama, 
has  always  been  commanding,  resulting  in  a  largo 
measure  from  his  great  good  sense,  sincere  piety, 
consistent  life,  ardent  lahors,  and  exalted  intel 
lectual  powers.  In  his  long  experience  lie  has 
been  tried  by  many  and  deep  afflictions,  but  all 
the  while  a  spirit  of  sweet  and  pious  resignation 
has  thrown  a  mellow  radiance  around  his  life  and 
character. 

Dexter,  Henry  V.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  AVaync, 
Me.,  April  ii,  lSlf>.  He  was  a  graduate  of  AVater- 
ville  College  in  the  class  of  1842.  and  of  the  Newton 
Theological  Institution  in  the  class  of  1845.  His 
ordination  took  place  in  Bmoklino.  Mass..  Sept.  7, 
1845.  and  lie  became  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church  in  Calais.  Me.,  where  lie  remained  nine 
years,  and  then  removed  to  Augusta.  Me.  His  con 
nection  with  the  Augusta  church  continued  for  six 
years,  when,  in  ISljO,  he  returned  to  Calais,  and  for 
the  second  time  became  pastor  of  the  church  with 
Avhieh  he  began  his  ministry,  remaining  with  it  for 
another  period  of  nine  years.  Subsequently  he 
was  pastor  of  the  church  in  Kennebunkport,  Me., 
and  of  the  church  in  Baldwinsville,  Mass.  Colby 
University,  of  which  institution  he  is  a  trustee, 
conferred  on  Mr.  Dexter  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  in  1870. 

Dexter,  Isaac,  was  born  in  ITS  I,  at  Dartmouth, 
Mass.  ;  converted  in  Liverpool,  Xova  Scotia,  under 
the  preaching  of  the  celebrated  Henry  Alline ;  bap 
tized,  in  1TS4,  by  Uev.  Thomas  Handly  Chipman, 
the  first  Scriptural  baptism  administered  in  Queens 
County.  Died  in  1848.  lie  was  a  worthy  servant 
of  the  gracious  Redeemer. 

Dickenson,  E.  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Salem, 
N.  J.,  Jan.  28,  1810;  graduated  at  Hamilton  in 
183.") :  was  ordained  in  Poughkecpsie  in  the  autumn 
of  ISM.  For  forty  years  he  was  a  faithful  minister 
of  the  gospel  in  the  place  of  his  ordination,  and  in 
Danvers,  Mass.,  Burlington,  X.  J.,  El  mini,  X.  Y., 
Lcwisburg,  Pa.,  Dayton,  0..  and  [Marcus  Hook.  Pa., 
where  he  spent  fourteen  years  in  the  service  of  his 
Lord.  Ho  was  studious  in  his  habits,  careful  in 
his  pulpit  preparations,  attentive  to  the  sick  and 
the  indigent,  and  interested  in  the  religious  welfare 
of  the  young.  His  ministry  enjoyed  much  of  the 
divine  favor  in  his  various  fields  of  labor.  lie  was 
moderator  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association. 
He  possessed  the  esteem  of  many  of  the  best  men 
in  the  Baptist  denomination  by  whom  he  was 
known.  He  entered  his  eternal  home  Dec.  8.  I87o. 
Lewisburg  University  conferred  upon  him  the  well- 
earned  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Dickerson,  James  Stokes,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  July  6,  1 825.  His  boyhood  was  spent 
partly  in  Philadelphia  and  partly  in  New  York  ;  in 


the  latter  city  with  relatives  of  his  mother,  the 
daughter  of  Mr.  Thomas  Stokes,  who.  like  Mr. 
Dickerson,  the  father  of  James,  was  remarkable 
for  his  devout  spirit,  and  his  active,  zeal  in  different 


JAMES    STOKES     DICKERSON,   D.I). 

lines  of  Christian  work.  Three  years  were  spent 
in  study  in  Xewburgh  Academy.  At  the  age  of 
thirteen  a  position  was  secured  him  in  a  store  in 
Xew  York.  His  conversion  took  place  in  1840, 
arid  he  became  a  member  of  the  Tabernacle  Baptist 
church,  receiving  the  ordinance  at  the  hands  of 
Rev.  AV.  W.  Everts.  In  1842  he  began  his  course 
of  study  preparatory  to  the  ministry,  which,  even 
before  his  conversion,  seems  to  have  been  his  chosen 
sphere.  At  the  age  of  about  seventeen  he  entered 
the  preparatory  department  of  Madison  University; 
after  two  years  in  it  he  entered  the  collegiate,  and 
graduated  in  1848.  An  affection  of  the  throat  in 
terfered  with  his  theological  studies,  and  also  with 
his  plans  for  entering  at  once  upon  the  active  duties 
of  the  ministry.  In  1850  he  became  associated 
with  Prof.  M.  B.  Anderson,  then  of  Waterville 
College.  Me.,  in  the  publication  of  the  New  York 
Recorder.  This  connection,  mutually  most  pleas 
ant,  and  of  signal  service  in  the  journalism  of  the 
denomination,  was  brought  to  a  close  at  the  end  of 
four  years  by  Dr.  Anderson's  acceptance  of  the 
Rochester  presidency.  Mr.  Dickerson  engaged  in 
the  business  of  bookseller  and  publisher  in  Xew 
York,  continuing  in  this  two  years,  when  he  be 
came  depository  agent  of  the  Publication  Society 
in  Philadelphia.  After  four  years  in  this  service 
he  became  proprietor  and  editor  of  the  Philadelphia 


DICKIX 


333 


DIC KINS  OX 


Christian    Chronicle.      It  was  while    editing    this 
paper    that  he    began    preaching  at  Wilmington, 
Del.,  first  as  supply  of  the  Second   Baptist  church 
in  that  city.     This   ended   in   a  call,  which   he  ac 
cepted,  and  entered  upon  his  new  duties  March  1, 
1861.     This  pastorate  he  held   five  years;  a  pas 
torate  fruitful  in  every  way,  a  large  number  being 
added  to  the  church,— 200  at  one  time.    It  was  also 
an  eventful  period  to  the  country,  by  reason  of  the 
civil  war.  which  in  the  mean  time  began  and  ended, 
and  in  which   Mr.  Dickerson,  connected  with  the 
Christian    Commission,    rendered    most   important 
service.     In  May,   ISO,"),  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Fourth  Avenue  Baptist  church,  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
It  was  again  a  five-years'  service,  witb  large  results 
of  lasting   good.     Besides   the   completion  of  the 
chapel  of  the  present  elegant  house  of  worship,  and 
the  purchase  of  the  ground   upon  which  it  stands, 
there  were  large  ingatherings.     In  1870  a  call  from 
the  South  Baptist  church,  Boston,  took  him  to  that 
city.     It  was  while  here  that  the  rheumatic  affec 
tion  which  caused  his  death   became  so  serious  as 
to  occasion  anxiety,  and  at  length  to  necessitate  a 
change  of  labor.     The  pastorate,  which  lasted  until 
February,  1S75,  was  a  most  happy  and  prosperous 
one,  varied  during  the  year  1ST  I    by  a  visit  to  Eu 
rope    with    his    wife,    which    he    greatly    enjoyed. 
Satisfied  at  length  that  further  service  in  the  pas 
torate  had  become  impossible,  through  the  almost 
complete  failure  of  his  health,  he  purchased  an  in 
terest  in   the   proprietorship  of  The   Standard,   of 
Chicago,  and  removing  to  that  city  in  1ST"),  became 
joint  editor  of  the  paper,  and  co-proprietor  with 
Mr.    Edward   Goodman.      In    spite   of  his   rapidly 
failing  health  he  rendered  highly  important  service 
in  his  new  relations,  contributing  valuable  articles 
even  while   confined  to  his   bed  and  suffering   ex 
treme   pain,     lie  died  in   the  spring  of  1ST*),  and 
was  buried.  March  24,  in  the  Oak  wood  Cemetery. 
He  was  '-a  man   greatly  beloved,"  and  his  death 
was  felt  as  a  severe  denominational  loss.     His  first 
wife,  whom  he  had  married  in  I'tica,  X.  Y.,  as  Miss 
Julia  P.  Spencer,   the  daughter  of  Mr.  Julius  A. 
Spencer,  died  at  Philadelphia  in  1S04.      In  the  au 
tumn  of  1S66  he  married  Miss   Kmma  R.  Richard 
son,  daughter  of  Prof.  J.  F.  Richardson,  of  Roches 
ter.     Mrs.  Dickerson  with  her  son,  J.  S.  Dickerson, 
succeeded   him   in   tin;  proprietorship  of  the  S/tin- 
dard,  having  a  connection   also  with   its  editorial 
stall'. 

Dickin,  Rev.  Edward  Nichols,  was  born  in 
Campbell  Co.,  Ky.,  Sept.  20,  1830.  lie  graduated 
at  Georgetown  in  ISO].  Was  Professor  of  Greek 
and  Latin  from  1S04  to  1X70.  At  the  latter  period 
he  took  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  Bethel  Baptist 
church  at  Pembroke.  Christian  Co.,  Ky.  Mr. 
Dickin  is  a  fine  scholar,  a  good  preacher,  and  a 
most  excellent  pastor. 


Dickinson,  A.  E.,  D.D.,  at  present  senior  ed 
itor  of  the  ReUyiouti  Herald,  published  in  Rich 
mond,  Va.,  was  born  December,  1830,  in  Orange 
Co.,  Va.  Having  pursued  his  studies  both  at  Rich- 


A.    K.    DICKINSON',    D.D. 

rnond  College  and  the  University  of  Virginia,  he 
became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Charlottes- 
ville,  the  seat  of  the  university,  where  he  was 
greatly  blessed  in  his  labors,  influencing  by  his 
counsels  many  of  the  students  for  good,  and  build 
ing  up  the  church  of  his  charge  into  a  strong  and 
active  body.  He  afterwards  became  superintendent 
of  the  Sunday-school  and  colportage  work  under 
the  direction  of  the  Board  of  the  General  Associa 
tion  of  Virginia,  in  which  position  he  organised 
many  new  Sunday-schools,  strengthened  those 
already  in  existence,  enlarged  their  libraries,  in 
creased  their  facilities  for  carrying  on  their  work 
more  successfully,  and  preached  the  gospel  in  many 
places  almost  entirely  destitute  of  these  means  of 
grace.  After  nine  years'  successful  labor  in  this 
most  important  field  of  Christian  activity,  he  be 
came  pastor  of  the  Leigh  Street  Baptist  church, 
Richmond,  where,  by  means  of  his  earnest  and 
practical  method  of  preaching,  and  his  genial  and 
sympathetic  pastoral  bearing  towards,  and  inter 
course  with  the  people,  he  accomplished  much  good, 
and  made  his  church  a  powerful  instrument  in 
spreading  Baptist  principles  in  the  community. 
Afterwards  he  became  joint  owner  and  editor,  with 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Jeter,  of  the  Itcliyious  Herald,  a 
weekly  journal,  which  for  dignity  of  bearing,  fidel 
ity  to  old-fashioned  gospel  Baptist  truth,  for  an 


DILLATfTXTY 


334 


DIMOCK 


earnest  interest  in.  and  advocacy  of  all  denomina 
tional  enterprises,  and  for  largeness  of  circulation 
among  an  intelligent  constituency,  ranks  among 
the  best  religious  periodicals  in  tlie  country. 

Or.  l>ickinson,  too,  does  not  confine  himself  to 
the  seclusion  of  the  editorial  room,  lie  is  an  inter 
ested  attendant  on  Associational.  educational,  and 
other  meetings,  and  is  ever  ready  to  encourage 
their  efforts  by  his  counsel  and  his  contributions. 
Manv  a  pastor  has  had  his  judicious  help  in  pro 
tracted  meetings,  and  numerous  new  converts  can 
date  their  first  quickening*  of  conscience,  under  the 
irrace  of  <!od,  to  his  earnest  and  pointed  preaching, 
or  the  solution  of  their  distressing  doubts  to  his 
sympathetic  and  judicious  counsel.  Perhaps  no 
editor  of  a  denominational  journal  in  the  country 
is  more  widely  and  favorably  known,  or  more  cor 
dially  welcomed  to  all  Baptist  assemblies,  than  the 
••  senior"  editor  of  the  Rd'njions  J{cr<t/<l.  Furman 
University,  of  South  Carolina,  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  D.I). 

Dillahunty,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Kent  Co... 

Mil.,  about  1730.  After  his  marriage  he  moved  to 
the  neighborhood  of  Newbern,  N.  C.  The  esteem 
of  his  new  friends  secured  for  him  the  .sheriffs  of 
fice  for  Craven  County.  The  first  sermon  he  ever 
heard  was  from  George  White-field,  and  it  pro 
foundly  moved  him.  At  a  meeting  conducted  by 
Shubael  Stearns  and  Daniel  Marshall  his  soul  was 
brought  into  the  liberty  of  Jesus,  and  he  was  bap 
tized.  A  church  was  organized  in  his  neighbor 
hood,  which  soon  dissolved,  but  its  members  united 
again  and  elected  him  pastor.  Near  his  church,  in 
Jones  County,  was  a  fine  Episcopal  church  edifice, 
erected  by  the  government  in  colonial  times,  whose 
Tory  rector  lied  to  England  in  the  beginning  of  the 
Revolutionary  war.  The  members  of  this  church 
attended  the  ministry  of  Mr.  Dillahunty,  and  nearly 
the  whole  of  them  were  converted,  and  the  vestry 
met  and  gave  the  church  edifice  to  him  and  his 
church,  and  to  their  successors  forever,  lie  went 
to  Tennessee  in  March,  1796  :  the  year  after  he  was 
chiefly  instrumental  in  organizing  the  church  at 
Richland  Creek,  of  which  he  became  pastor,  and  in 
which  he  labored  till  his  death,  which  occurred 
February  8,  1816.  Mr.  Dillahunty  was  an  effective 
preacher,  full  of  the  spirit  of  God.  a  builder  on  the 
Avails  of  /ion  who  needed  not  to  be  ashamed. 

Dillard,  Ryland  Thompson,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Caroline  Co.,  Va..  November.  17(J7.  He  was  edu 
cated  at  Rappahannock  Academy.  Port  Royal,  and 
he  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  IS  12-15.  At  the 
age  of  twenty-one  years  he  emigrated  to  Kentucky. 
He  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  and  com 
menced  the  practice  of  his  profession  with  Hon. 
Richard  French  at  Winchester,  Ky..  in  1821.  lie 
had  grown  up  and  been  confirmed  in  the  Episcopal 
Church,  but  being  convinced  of  the  necessity  of 


being  born  again,  he  sought  and  obtained  hope  in 
Jesus.  He  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at  Bry 
ants,  and  was  baptized  by  the  venerable  Ambrose 
Dudley  in  September,  1823.  In  1*124  he  was  or- 


RYI.AM)    THOMPSON     liII.LAKU,    D.D. 

dained.  and  accepted  the  pastorate  of  East  Hick- 
man  church,  and  a  few  years  afterwards,  in  addi 
tion  to  his  other  charge,  that  of  David's  Fork. 
preaching  to  the  former  forty-seven  years,  and  to 
the  latter  more  than  thirty  years.  During  most  of 
his  ministry  these  two  churches  aggregated  over 
10(10  members.  In  1842.  Mr.  Dillard  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  for  the  State, 
holding  that  position  six  years.  He  was  active  in 
originating  the  General  Association  of  Kentucky, 
was  many  years  moderator  of  Elkhorn  Association, 
and  was  a  trustee  of  Georgetown  College.  He 
wrote  for  the  Baptist  periodicals,  and  preached 
frequently  to  the  destitute,  especially  among  the 
mountains  of  Eastern  Kentucky.  During  his  min 
istry  he  baptized  over  4(1(10  people,  and  married 
873"  couples.  He  died  Nov.  26.  1878,  and  was 
buried  in  the  family  grave-yard  near  Lexington. 

Dimock,  Rev.  David  C.  W.,  son  of  Rev.  Jo 
seph  Dimock,  was  born  at  Chester,  Nova  Scotia : 
studied  at  Ilorton  Academy  :  ordained  at  Chester. 
Dec.  4.  1S41  :  was  for  many  years  pastor  at  Onslow 
and  Trnro.  Nova  Scotia,  and  has  labored  exten 
sively  and  prosperously  in  other  parts  of  the  Mari 
time  Provinces. 

Dimock,  Judge  Davis,  was  born  at  Rocky 
Hill,  Conn.,  May  27.  1776.  His  father  served  as  a 
lieutenant  in  the  Revolutionary  army.  His  parents 


DIM  OCR 


335 


moved  into  the  Wyoming  Valley,  Pennsylvania, 
about  1790.  Davis  settled  in  Exeter,  paid  some 
attention  to  medicine,  and  became  successfully  en 
gaged  in  business.  He  had  imbibed  infidel  senti 
ments,  but  was  converted  in  1801,  and  ordained  to 
the  ministry  in  1S03.  In  1808  he  removed  to  Mon- 
trose,  where  he  resided  till  his  death,  in  September, 
1858.  For  fifty  years  he  was  a  leading  Baptist 
minister  in  the  Lu/.erne.  Lackawanna,  Susque- 
hanria,  and  Wyoming  region.  For  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  century  he  was  an  associate  judge  of 
Susquehanna  County.  In  1824  he  commenced  the 
publication  of  a  monthly  called  The  Christian  May. 
(izine,  or  Hajrfisf  Mirror,  which  ho  continued  for 
three  years.  Mr.  Dimock  was  fifty-eight  years  in 
the  ministry,  and  by  his  talents  and  piety  wielded 
an  extensive  influence  for  God  and  truth.  His 
children  inherited  the  genius  of  their  father,  and 
the  Lord  bestowed  on  them  the  same  grace.  His 
daughter.  Mrs.  Lydia  C.  Searlos,  is  (ia  largo  con 
tributor  to  current  history." 

Dimock,  Hon.  Davis,  Jr.,  a  son  of  the  Rev. 
I)avis  Dimock.  of  Montrose,  was  born  in  1807,  and 
was  blessed  with  the  second  birth  at  an  oarly  pe 
riod  in  life,  and  united  witli  his  father's  church  in 
Montrose.  lie  made  the  law  his  profession,  and 
soon  obtained  such  distinction  in  his  calling  that 
he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  House  of  Rep 
resentatives.  While  serving  his  country  in  this 
honored  position  he  passed  into  the  better  land  in 
1842.  in  his  thirty-fifth  year. 

Dimock,  Rev.  George,  was  born  July  17.  1777, 

in  Newport,  Xova  Scotia  ;  converted  1789  ;  bap 
tized  at  Ilorton,  179'.i,  by  Ilev.  T.  S.  Harding,  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  formed  at  Newport 
in  August,  1799:  commenced  preaching  in  181X; 
ordained  pastor  of  the  church  at  Newport  in  1820. 
and  continued  in  this  office  till  1800;  died  Sept.  30, 
1865.  His  life  and  ministry  were  marked  by  great 
usefulness. 

Dimock,  Rev.  Joseph,  son  of  Daniel  Dimock, 
and  prominent  among  the  pioneers  and  founders  of 
the  Baptist  denomination  in  Nova  Scotia,  was  born 
in  Newport.  Nova  Scotia.  Doc.  11,  1768:  converted 
July  17,  1785  -.  baptized  at  Ilorton,  May  0,  1787,  bv 
Rev.  Nicholas  Pierson  ;  ordained  pastor  at  Chester, 
Sept.  10,  1793,  and  so  continued  till  his  death, 
June  29,  1840  :  was  active  in  forming  the  Baptist 
Association,  June  23,  1800:  evangelized  and  bap 
tized  in  Cape  Breton  Island  in  1825.  1820,  and 
1838,  with  gracious  results  ;  was  a  warm  friend  of 
education;  eminently  gentle  and  kind  ;  sound  in 
doctrine,  strong  in  faith,  and  profound  in  Christian 
experience,  Mr.  Dimock's  ministry  was  one  of 
goodness  and  great  spiritual  results. 

Dipping-  in  the  Westminster  Assembly  of 

Divines.  — Dr.  John  Lightfoot.  a  Presbyterian 
member  of  the  celebrated  body  just  named,  kept  a 


journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  of  Aug.  7,  1044,  he 
says,  "And  here  fell  we  upon  a  large  and  long 
discourse,  whether  dipping  were  essential,  or  used 
in  the  first  institution,  or  in  the  Jews'  custom.  Mr. 
Column  (one  of  the  ablest  Hebrew  scholars  in  Eng 
land)  went  about  in  a  large  discourse  to  prove 
tauvtlrlt.  (Hebrew  for  immersion)  to  be  dipping 
over  head,  which  I  answered  at  large.  .  .  .  After 
a  long  dispute  it  was  at  last  put  to  the  question 
whether  the  Directory  (for  public  worship)  should 
run,  'The  minister  shall  take  water  and  sprinkle 
or  pour  it  with  iiis  hand  upon  the  face  or  forehead 
of  the  child  ;'  and  it  was  voted  so  indifferently  that 
we  were  glad  to  count  names  twice  ;  for  so  many 
were  unwilling  to  have;  dipping  excluded,  that  Ihe 
rate  came  to  an  equality  within  one ;  for  the  one  side 
was  twenty-four,  the  other  twenty-five, — f/tc  I  went  y- 
J'»ur  J'nr  f/ic  resercimj  <>/'  dippiinj,  and  the  twenty- 
five  against  it.  And  there  grew  a  great  heat  upon 
it :  and  when  we  had  done  all.  we  concluded  upon 
nothing  in  it;  but  the  business  was  recommitted.'' 
(The  Whole  Works  of  Lightfoot.  xiii.  300.  301. 
London,  1824.)  The  next  day  dipping  was  effect 
ually  voted  down  as  one  of  the  modes  of  baptism 
in  the  Presbyterian  Church.  At  this  period  the 
immersionists  had  greater  strength  in  that  commu 
nity  than  they  have  ever  had  since. 

Disciples  Of  Christ,  The,  or  ''Christians.1'  or 
11  Campbellites,"1  as  they  are  sometimes  improperly 
called,  are  a  religious  community  existing  in  Eu 
rope  to  a  very  limited  extent,  with  a  numerous 
membership  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 

Thomas  and  Alexander  ( 'ampbell.  father  and  son, 
Scotch-Irishmen  by  birth,  connected  originallv  with 
the  Presbyterian  church  founded  by  the  pious 
Erskines,  in  1810  gathered  a  congregation  at  Hrush 
Run,  Pa.,  "  which  was  designed  from  its  very  in 
ception  to  put  an  end  to  all  partisan  controversies, 
and.  far  from  narrowing  the  basis  of  Christian  fel 
lowship,  to  furnish  abundant  room  for  all  believers 
upon  the  broad  ground  of  the  Bible,  and  a  common 
religion  upon  the  merits  of  Christ.''  In  1812  the 
congregation  of  Brush  Run  and  the  two  ministering 
brethren  were  baptized  by  Elder  Luse  of  the  Bap 
tist  denomination,  "  upon  the  simple  profession  of 
faith  made  by  the  Ethiopian  eunuch."  In  1813 
this  body  was  received  into  the  Redstone  Baptist 
Association  on  the  condition  that  "no  terms  of 
union  or  communion  other  than  the  Holy  Scriptures 
should  be  required."  After  a  connection  with  the 
Redstone  Association  of  nearly  ten  years,  rendered 
unpleasant  by  growing  difficulties.  Alexander 
Campbell  was  one  of  about  thirty  members  who 
received  dismission  from  the  church  at  Brush  Run 
to  constitute  a  church  at  Wellsburg,  Ya.  The  new 
community  was  admitted  into  the  Mahoning  Bap 
tist  Association  of  Ohio.  Nearly  the  whole  Asso 
ciation  by  degrees  adopted  the  views  of  Mr.  Camp- 


DISTRICT 


bell.  These  sentiments  became  obnoxious  to  many 
neighboring  Baptist  churches,  so  that  "  tlie  Beaver 
Association  (of  Pennsylvania)  was  induced  to  de 
nounce  them  as  heretical,  and  exclude  from  their 
fellowship  all  those  churches  which  favored  the 
views  of"  .Mr.  Campbell  and  his  friends.  The  rent 
in  the  denomination  was  made  wider,  and  the  Dis- 
eiples  stood  before  the  world  as  an  independent 
c  immunity,  differing  from  the  Baptists  chiefly 
about  their  "  rejection  of  creeds,  and  baptism  foi 
l-emission  of  sins."  The  year  1SJ.S  was  the  time 
when  the  Mahoning  Association  adopted  the  doc 
trines  advocated  by  Mr.  Campbell,  and  as  a  conse 
quence  that  year  is  commonly  regarded  as  the  com 
mencement  of  the  distinct  denominational  life  of 
the  *'  Disciples/'  The  object  of  the  movement  of 
which  Thomas  and  Alexander  Campbell  were  the 
leaders,  according  to  Prof.  11.  Richardson,  of  Vir 
ginia,  was  i;t.o  disinter  the  edifice  of  ancient  Chris 
tianity  from  the  rubbish  which  so  many  ages  had 
accumulated  upon  it  ;  and  the  beauty  of  those  por 
tions  which  were  first  exposed,  only  induced  greater 
exertions  to  bring  others  into  view.  It  was  the 
unity  of  the  church  which  first  struck  the  atten 
tion  ;  the  subsequent  submission  to  immersion  is 
only  one  example  among  others  of  that  progression 
which  consistency  with  their  own  principles  re 
quired.  Thus,  it  was  not  until  ten  years  after  this 
that  the  <l/Jinife  object  of  hninerxinn  was  fully  un 
derstood,  when  it  was  recognized  as  the  remittiin/ 
<>rdi>inn<:<'  of  the  gospel,  or  the  appointed  means 
through  which  the  penitent  sinner  obtained  an  as 
surance  of  that  pardon,  or  remission,  procured  for 
him  by  the  suffering  and  death  of  Christ.  Nor 
was  it  until  a  still  later  period  that  this  doctrine 
was  /»•/>!•/ iciillt/  applied,  in  calling  upon  believing 
penitents  to  be  baptized  for  the  purpose  specified. 
This  view  of  baptism  gave  great  importance  to  the 
institution,  and  has  become  one  of  the  prominent 
features  of  this  reformation/'  (Religious  Denom 
inations  of  the  United  States,  p.  22'J.  Philadel 
phia,  is:>9.) 

They  discard  all  human  creeds  and  confessions, 
taking  the  Bible  as  their  only  religious  authority  ; 
they  regard  all  other  denominations  as  imperfect, 
and  claim  that  they  have  restored  New  Testament 
order  in  all  things.  The}'  lo  >k  upon  the  divisions  of 
Christians  as  essentially  wrong,  and  advocate  the 
union  of  all  believers  on  their  platform.  They  in 
sist  on  using  Bible  terms  for  Scriptural  subjects, 
and  therefore  reject  the  words  u  Trinity,  Triune, 
etc.,  (though)  they  receive  everything  which  the 
Scripture  affirms  of  the  Father,  the  Son,  and  the 
Holy  Spirit,  giving  to  every  expression  its  full  and 
obvious  meaning/'  They  teach  that  when  Christ  is 
preached  the  hearers  have  ability  to  believe  upon, 
and  obey  him  ;  that  baptism  is  immersion  only,  and 
should  be  administered  to  no  one  but  a  believer; 


that  it  precedes  forgiveness  and  adoption  ;  that  the 
blood  of  Christ  only  cleanses  from  sin,  but  that 
<iod  requires  faith,  repentance,  and  baptism  «.s-  Ike 
ennilititnis  on  which,  for  Christ's  sake,  he  forgives 
and  adopts  his  children  :  or  as  many  state  it, 
"  There  are  three  steps  neeexx<u-i/  In  salvation, — /'ail/i, 
repenfanrc,  and  ttaptinm..'' 

They  believe  that  conversion  is  a  turning  to  the 
Lord,  and  that  in  the  Xew  Testament  baptism  is 
the  outward  act  by  which  one  who  has  faith  and 
repentance  manifests  this  great  change.  They  be 
lieve  that  the  Spirit  operates  on  sinners  through  the 
Word  of  Cod,  though  some  of  them  think  that  he 
acts  directly  on  the  guilty  heart. 

They  object  to  relations  of  Christian  experience 
as  prerequisites  to  baptism,  requiring  nothing  more 
than  the  brief  confession  made  by  the  eunuch  be 
fore  Philip  immersed  him.  They  administer  the 
Supper  every  Lord's  day,  to  a  participation  of 
which  with  them  Pedobaptists  are  not  invited,  but 
from  which  they  are  not  excluded. 

Their  government  is  congregational ;  every 
church  has  elders  to  take  charge  of  its  spiritual 
affairs,  and  deacons  to  care  for  its  temporal  con 
cerns.  The  official  position  of  the  preacher  is  not 
invested  with  quite  as  much  authority  as  is  accorded 
to  it  in  other  religious  bodies,  and  the  title  of  llev. 
is  never  <j;iven  him  by  his  brethren. 

In  other  particulars  the  Disciples  are  in  harmony 
with  evangelical  Christians. 

Their  numbers  in  the  United  States  are  variously 
estimated  at  from  :>f>0.000  to  600,01)0.  They  have 
churches  in  almost  every  State  and  Territory  of  the 
Union,  but  they  are  most  numerous  in  Illinois.  In 
diana.  Kentucky,  Missouri,  and  Ohio.  They  also 
have  a  few  churches  in  the  British  American  prov 
inces,  and  in  Kngland,  Ireland,  Scotland.  Australia, 
Xew  /('aland,  and  Jamaica.  They  have  a  number 
of  institutions  of  learning  and  several  newspapers. 

They  are  an  active  and  moral  people,  some  of 
whom  occupy  distinguished  positions  in  the  United 
States.  Judge  Jeremiah  Black,  of  Pennsylvania, 
(iov.  Bishop,  of  Ohio,  and  President-elect  Garfield 
are  citizens  that  reflect  honor  on  the  Disciples  of 
Christ. 

The  editor  places  this  sketch  in  the  Encyclopaedia 
because  the  Disciples  of  Christ  are  a  considerable 
section  of  the  great  and  growing  immersion  family. 
He  has  been  at  some  pains  to  secure  a  fair  repre 
sentation  of  their  opinions  and  practices.  And  he 
would  add,  that  in  common  with  his  brethren,  he 
dissents  from  all  the  peculiar  opinions  of  Mr.  Camp 
bell  and  the  special  features  of  his  reformation. 

District  of  Columbia,  The  Baptists  of.— The 

first  Baptist  church  in  the  District  was  organized 
March  7,  LS02,  with  six  members.  Washington  at 
that  time  contained  but  4000  inhabitants.  The 
Rev.  AVm.  Parkinson,  then  chaplain  to  Congress, 


DISTRICT 


337 


DIXON 


supplied  the  pulpit.  In  the  following  autumn  a 
plain  meeting-house  was  built  at  the  corner  of  I 
and  Nineteenth  Streets.  The  church  remained 
without  a  pastor  five  years,  at  the  termination  of 
which  time  the  Rev.  0.  B.  Brown  was  elected  pas 
tor  (January,  1807),  and  continued  such  forty-three 
years.  Spencer  II.  Cone,  having  abandoned  the 
stage,  was  licensed  by  the  church.  In  1814  the 
lion.  0.  C.  Comstock,  a  member  of  Congress,  was 
converted,  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
church,  and  licensed  to  preach.  In  1833  the  church 
built  a  meeting-house  on  Tenth  Street.  In  1859,  in 
pursuance  of  an  arrangement  made  with  the  Fourth 
church,  worshiping  on  Thirteenth  Street,  the  First  i 
church  took  possession  of  their  building,  the  member-  I 
ship  of  the  Fourth  church  uniting  with  them.  Among 
its  members  were  Cone,  Rice,  Cushman.  Knowles, 
Howell,  Stow.  Chapin,  Dodge,  and  others  known 
and  loved  by  the  denomination.  Its  pastors  have 
been  Brown  Hill,  Cole,  Samson,  Gillette,  and  Cuth- 
bert. 

The  Second  (Xavy-Yard)  church  was  organized 
June  3.  1S10.  with  five  members.  They  first  occu 
pied  a  small  frame  building,  in  which  Spencer  II. 
Cone,  at  that  time  a  clerk  in  the  U.  S.  Treasury 
Department,  preached  his  first  sermon.  The  fol 
lowing  year  lie  was  elected  chaplain  to  Congress. 
In  1855  they  finished  their  present  house  of  wor 
ship,  mainly  the  result  of  the  faithful  labors  of  Dr. 
I.  Cole.  Among  the  pastors  or  temporary  supplies 
of  this  church  were  Lynd,  Neale,  Chapin,  Magin- 
nis,  1'oindexter,  Bacon,  Adams,  Sydnor,  Boston, 
and  Cole. 

The  Third  (E  Street)  church  had  its  beginning 
in  1841  ;  was  organized  Oct.  0,  1842,  with  twenty- 
one  members,  and  took  the  name  of  the  Third  Bap 
tist  church  of  Washington.  In  January  of  1843  a 
remarkable  work  of  grace  began  among  them,  and 
soon  extended  to  other  churches.  In  April  of 
1843  the  Rev.  G.  W.  Samson  became  pastor,  and 
from  that  time  the  church  rapidly  increased  in 
numbers  and  efficiency.  Up  to  August,  1840,  the 
church  had  worshiped  in  public  halls,  but  at  that 
time  they  entered  their  new  church  edifice  in  E 
Street,  and  took  the  name  of  the  E  Street  Baptist 
church.  Dr.  Samson  continued  pastor  (with  the 
exception  of  two  years)  until  1859.  Since  that 
time  they  have  been  served  by  Drs.  Kennard,  Grav, 
Parker,  and  the  Rev.  Messrs.  Jutten  and  Mason. 

fn  1S53  a  number  of  brethren,  mainly  from  the 
E  Street  church,  under  the  Rev.  T.  C.  Teasdale, 
erected  a  house  of  worship  on  Thirteenth  Street. 
In  1859,  under  the  ministry  of  Dr.  Cole,  this  inter 
est  became  merged  in  the  First  Baptist  church. 

In  1855  a  mission  was  established  on  the  "  Island" 
by  the  E  Street  church,  which,  in  1857,  was  for 
mally  recognized  as  the  Island  Baptist,  church. 
The  Rev.  C.  C.  Meador  was  chosen  pastor,  and  he 


has  served  them  most  faithfully  and  successfully 
from  that  time  to  the  present. 

The  Calvary  Baptist  church  (the  Sixth  Baptist 
church)  was  constituted  June  2,  18G2,  with  quite  a 
large  number  of  members  dismissed  from  the  E 
Street  church.  They  worshiped  in  their  beautiful 
new  edifice  for  the  first  time  in  June,  1866.  The 
cost  of  this  building  was  about  8115,000,  by  far  the 
larger  part  of  which  was  contributed  by  the  lion. 
Amos  Kendall,  the  senior  deacon  of  the  church. 
Within  eighteen  months  this  beautiful  building  was 
destroyed  by  fire,  and  again  Mr.  Kendall  furnished 
the  means  (added  to  the  insurance  of  850,000)  to 
reconstruct  it. 

The  North  Baptist  church,  under  the  care  of  the 
Rev.  Owen  James,  and  the  Metropolitan  Baptist 
church,  under  the  care  of  Dr.  Parker,  are  both 
young  churches,  comparatively  small  in  numbers, 
but  constantly  growing  in  strength  and  usefulness. 

The  Georgetown  church,  occupying  a  neat  and 
commodious  house,  have  had  many  difficulties  to 
contend  with,  and  have  grown  but  slowly.  There 
are  two  other  points  where  preaching  is  regularly 
held,  and  where  small  neat  buildings  have  been 
erected. 

Most  of  the  white  churches  in  the  District  are 
connected  with  the  Columbia  Association,  recently 
formed,  the  First  church  still  retaining  its  connec 
tion  with  the  Potomac  Association  of  Virginia. 

There  are  some  six  or  eight  colored  Baptist 
churches  in  the  District,  most  of  them  with  a  large 
membership,  and  occupying  plain,  neat  meeting 
houses. 

Dixon,  Rev.  A.  C.,  perhaps  the  most  popular 
of  all  the  young  preachers  of  North  Carolina. 
This  gentleman,  the  son  of  Rev.  T.  Dixon,  was 
born  in  Shelby,  N.  C..  in  1854.  He  was  graduated 
from  Wake  Forest  College  in  1875  ;  read  theology 
at  Greenville.  S.  C.,  for  a  time,  and  was  for  three 
years  pastor  at  Chapel  Hill.  He  is  now  the  pastor 
at  Ashville,  N.  C.,  and  has  had  much  success  in 
revival  meetings. 

Dixon,  Rev.  J.  W.,  was  born  in  Bladen  Co., 
N.  C.,  March  5.  1841;  baptized  by  Rev.  W.  M. 
Kennedy  in  1858;  entered  the  army  as  a  private 
and  served  through  the  war,  attaining  the  rank  of 
first  lieutenant;  was  ordained  in  1877  by  Revs. 
II.  and  •).  I*.  Lenriun,  and  is  at  present  the  moder 
ator  of  the  Cape  Fear  Association.  His  principal 
service  as  pastor  has  been  among  the  churches  of 
Bladen  and  Columbus  Counties. 

Dixon,  Rev.  T.,  was  born  Dec.  24.  1820,  in  York 
Co..  S.  C.  ;  was  baptized  by  Rev.  J.  M.  Thomas  in 
1838,  and  ordained  in  1844,  Revs.  Wade  Hill,  T.  K. 
Persley,  and  S.  Morgan  forming  the  Presbytery. 
Mr.  Dixon  has  founded  some  large  churches  ;  served 
Buffalo  church  thirty  years,  and  New  Prospect  for 
twenty-five,  and  baptized  on  an  average  50  persons 


DOAXK 


DOCKERY 


for  thirty-eight  years,  making  an  aggregate  of  I'.tOO 
souls.  Hi'  was  the  first  moderator  of  the  Kind's 
Mountain  Association,  and  has  served  that  body  in 
tin-  same  relation  many  times.  lie  still  prosecutes 
his  work  as  a  pastor  with  vigor,  and  is  a  man  of 
larice  influence  in  his  Association. 

Doane,  William  Howard,  Mus.  Doc.,  was 

born  in  Proton.  Conn..  Feb.  3,  1S31.  Received 
his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Wood 
stock  Academy,  where  he  graduated  in  1S4S.  In 
1S51  took  charge  of  the  books  and  finances  of  the 
J.  A.  Fay  Wood-working  Manufacturing  Company, 
and  in  iSCil)  became  a  partner  in  the  firm,  removing 
in  the  same  year  to  Cincinnati,  0.,  where  he  has 
since  resided.  Was  converted  in  1847,  and  baptized 
in  IS") I  bv  Rev.  Frederic  Denison  into  the  fellow 
ship  of  the  Central  church  of  Norwich.  Conn.  Has 
been  all  his  Christian  life  an  active  worker  in  the 
Sunday-school. 

Dr.  Doane  stands  among  the  foremost  musical 
composers  of  our  day.  lie  early  developed  a  taste 
for  music,  and  gave  himself  to  its  study.  Among 
his  instructors  were  C.  W.  Rouse,  A.  X.  Johnson, 
and  Kanhoyser,  from  whom  he  took  a  three-years' 
course  of  thorough-bass.  In  1852-54  he  was  con 
ductor  of  the  Norwich  Harmonic  Society.  In 
1854  he  assisted  Prof.  15.  F.  Baker  in  a  musical 
convention,  lie  began  to  compose  Sunday-school 
music,  in  fulfillment  of  a  covenant  with  (lod  made 
during  a  severe  attack  of  heart-disease  in  lSf>2, 
which  brought  him  to  death's  door.  His  first  book, 
entitled  "  Sabbath-School  Gems,''  was  published 
the  same  year.  This  was  followed  in  lS(i4  by 
'•  Little  Sunbeams."  ''  Silver  Spray"  appeared  in 
IStiT.  and  "Songs  of  Devotion"  in  1SGS.  Since 
then,  in  connection  with  Rev.  Robert  Lowry,  D.D., 
he  has  published  "  Pure  Gold."  "  Royal  Diadem," 
"Temple,  Anthems,"  ''Tidal  Wave."  "Brightest 
and  Best."  "Welcome  Tidings."  "Fountain  of 
Sonir."  "The  Devotional  Hymn  and  Tune  Book," 
and  "Good  as  Gold."  A  large  amount  of  sheet- 
music  has  also  come  from  his  pen.  Some  of  his 
compositions  have  been  sung  in  all  parts  of  the 
world.  Among  those  which  have  been  particularly 
popular  and  useful  may  be  mentioned  "  The  Old, 
Old  Storv."  "  More  Like  Jesus."  "  Near  the  Cross." 
and  "What  Shall  the  Harvest  Be?" 

In  1875  Denison  University  gave  him  the  hon 
orary  degree  of  Mus.  Doc.  In  1S7S  lie  returned 
this  compliment  by  presenting  the  university  with 
Doane  Hall,  a  beautiful  library  building  costing 
over  810,000.  Dr.  Doane  is  in  the  prime  of  life, 
and  is  characterized  by  abounding  energy  and  en 
thusiasm.  The  head  of  a  large  and  ever-growing 
business,  he  yet  finds  time  for  music  and  much 
public  service  for  Christ.  In  the  Robert  Raikes 
Centenary  in  London  (1880)  he  was  one  of  the  most 
prominent  American  delegates. 


Dobbs,  C.  E.  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Portsmouth, 
Va..  Aug.  12,  1S40.  He  was  educated  in  the  art 
of  printing,  and  became  editorially  connected  with 
the  press  of  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth.  He  joined 
the  Baptist  church  at  Greensborough,  N.  C.,  in 
1859,  and  in  1800  entered  the  theological  seminary 
at  Greenville,  S.  C.,  from  whence  he  returned  and 
preached  to  Court  Street  and  Fourth  Street  churches 
in  Portsmouth  until  1866,  when  he  moved  to  Ken 
tucky.  After  serving  several  churches  in  Madison 
County  lie  was  called  to  the  First  church  in  Howl 
ing  Green,  and  was  pastor  six  years.  He  now 
(1880)  has  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Dayton, 
and  has  been  for  several  years  secretary  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and  of  the  General 
Association  of  Kentucky.  Dr.  Dobbs  has  written 
much  for  the  periodical  press,  and  published  one 
or  two  small  books. 

Dockery,  Gen.  Alfred,  was  born  in  Richmond 
Co.,  N.  C.,  Dec.  11,  17'J7.  His  -great  good  sense 


IIOX.    OLIVER    DOCKKRY. 

and  extraordinary  force  of  character  enabled  him 
to  take  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  affairs  of  his 
State.  When  twenty-five  years  old  he  represented 
his  native  county  in  the  House  of  Commons.  lie 
was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1835;  in  1836  he  was  in  the  State  senate,  and  in 
1845  he  was  sent  to  Congress  from  his  district,  and 
he  was  again  in  Congress  in  1851.  In  1854  he  was 
a  candidate  for  governor,  and  though  defeated  he 
made  a  fine  canvass,  reducing  the  majority  of  the 
successful  party  from  6000  to  2000. 

After  the  close  of  the  war  he   was,  in   1865,  a 


DODD 


339 


DODGE 


member  of  the  convention  called  by  the  provisional 
government  of  the  State,  and  in  1800,  against  his 
wishes,  he  was  made  a  candidate  for  governor. 
His  last  public  position  was  that  of  president  of  the 
board  of  directors  of  the  State  penitentiary.  Gen. 
Dockery  became  a  Baptist  early  in  life,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  our  denominational  movements. 
He  died  Dec.  3,  1873.  His  son,  lion.  Oliver  Dock- 
cry,  is  a  man  of  culture,  and  of  extensive  legal 
attainments.  He  is  recogni/.ed  as  one  of  the  lead 
ing  members  of  the  liar  in  North  Carolina.  His 
integrity  and  ability  secured  his  election  as  a  Con 
gressman  from  Xorth  Carolina. 

Dodcl,  Rev.  J.  S.,  was  born  in  South  Carolina. 
Aug.  3,  1809;  moved  to  Georgia  in  1828  and  set 
tled  in  Fayette  County,  within  two  miles  of  where 
he  now  lives.  In  183:2  lie  united  with  Bethsaida 
church,  where  his  membership  still  is  (188U).  In 
1841  he  was  licensed,  and  in  1*42  he  was  ordained. 
He  at  once  took  charge  of  lour  churches,  and  has 
never  served  fewer  at  a  time.  He  has  had  charge 
of  the  Bethsaida  church  nearly  fortv  vears.  and 
has  baptized  into  its  membership  about  1<KJO  per 
sons,  among  them  eleven  of  his  own  children  and 
twenty-four  of  his  grandchildren.  He  was  pastor 
ofltamah  church  twenty-six  years.  Antioch  church 
twenty-one  years,  Bethlehem  church  thirteen 
years,  Fairburii  church  fifteen  years,  Ebenezer 
church  eight  vears ;  and  into  these  and  other 
churches  which  he  served  he  has  baptized  over 
3000  persons.  He  has  been  for  many  years  mod 
erator  of  his  Association,  and  wields  a  great  and 
good  influence  in  his  community.  His  distinguish 
ing  trait  is  energv. 

Dodge,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  born  in  Xova  Scotia 
in  1775.  and  brought  up  in  the  United  States.  At 
eighteen  IK;  was  converted,  and  united  with  the  Bap 
tist  church  of  Woodstock,  Vt.  In  1801  he  was  or 
dained  to  the  gospel  ministry  in  .Maryland.  His 
convictions  of  duty  for  years  led  him  to  journey  on 
horseback,  preaching  the  gospel  wherever  he  found 
an  opening,  in  cities  and  villages,  and  in  country 
barns.  In  Wilmington,  where  Mr.  Dodge  was 
settled  lor  some  years,  he  baptized  259  persons. 
He  removed  to  Piscataway,  X.  •!.,  in  1818.  where 
he  labored  for  nearly  fourteen  years,  with  continued 
manifestations  of  the  divine  favor.  He  accepted  a 
call  to  Newark,  N.  -J..  in  1832,  where  he  spent  six 
years  of  successful  toil  as  pastor  of  the  First  church. 
Afterwards  he  settled  in  Philadelphia,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  a  position  that 
he  retained  till  his  death,  which  occurred  in  1851. 

One  of  his  personal  friends,  who  sat  under  his 
ministry  for  many  years,  says  "  his  manner  was 
easy  and  graceful,  his  sentences  had  force  and  ap 
plication  ;  he  was  impressed  with  the  solemnity 
and  responsibility  of  his  sacred  office  ;  the  sim 
plicity  and  paternal  style  of  his  addresses  lent  a 


charm  to  his  discourses."  In  his  public  ministra 
tions  it  was  evident  to  all  that  God  was  with  him. 
He  was  an  Israelite  indeed,  in  whom  there  was  no 
guile,  a  burning  and  a  shining  light,  a  minister  of 


REV.    DANIEL    DODGE. 

Jesus  who  occupied  probably  the  warmest  place  in 
the  hearts  of  his  brethren,  and  of  some  thousands 
of  others,  ever  possessed  by  any  pastor  in  Philadel 
phia.  Though  twenty-nine  3rears  in  the  grave,  his 
memory  is  as  fragrant  in  the  Second  Baptist  church, 
and  in  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association,  as  if 
he  had  only  died  a  few  months  since. 

Dodge,  Ebenezer,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  at 

Salem.  Mass.,  April  21.  1819:  graduated  at  Brown 
University.  1840;  was  principal  of  the  Shelburne 
Falls  Academy  for  two  years  :  graduated  at  New 
ton  Theological  Seminary  in  1845  :  was  pastor  in 
New  London.  N.  II..  from  1840  to  1853.  Professor 
of  Biblical  Criticism  in  Hamilton  Theological  Semi 
nary,  and  Professor  of  the  Evidences  of  Christianity 
in  Madison  University,  from  1853  to  1801.  Since 
1801  he  has  been  Professor  of  Christian  Theology. 
Since  1808  he  has  been  president  of  the  Madison 
University,  and  Professor  of  Metaphysics,  and  since 
1871  president  of  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary. 

Dr.  Dodge  spent  fifteen  months  in  theological 
studies  in  Europe,  in  1858-59;  was  called  to  the 
chair  of  Ecclesiastical  History  at  Rochester  Theo 
logical  Seminary,  and  also  to  the  same  chair  at 
Newton  Theological  Seminary,  and  in  1808  he  was 
invited  to  the  professorship  of  Christian  Theology 
at  Newton. 

lie  has  published  several  reviews  of  a  very  high 


340 


DODSON 


order,  among  which  may  lie  noted  one  on  the  <!er- 
man  school  of  theology.  His  work  on  tlio  "  Kvi- 
dences  of  Christianity"  lias  great  and  permanent 
value,  in  its  method  and  its  governing  idea,  that 


EBEXEZER  DODGE,  D.D.,  I.L.D. 

Christianity  is  its  own  best  witness.  His  "  Theo 
logical  Lectures."  published  for  the  benefit  of  his 
students,  are  the  result  of  the  ripest  scholarship, 
and  reveal  not  only  advanced  theological  study,  but 
disclose  a  heart  in  deep  sympathy  with  the  spirit 
of  the  Word  of  Cod.  These  lectures  are  highly 
prized  by  those  who  have  been  his  students.  They 
are  receiving  constant  revision  and  additions, — at 
present  in  the  direction  of  the  constitution  of  the 
Christian  church  and  Christian  ethics.  It  is  hoped 
that  the  volume  will  he  ultimately  in  the  hands  of 
the  general  public. 

Dodge,  Hon.  George  H.,  was  born  in  Hampton 
Falls.  X.  II..  Aug.  4,  ISi>4.  Both  his  parents  were 
devout  members  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Mr.  Dodire, 
as  he  grew  up  to  manhood,  merited  and  received 
not  a  few  honors  from  his  fellow-citizens.  When 
but  a  little  more  than  thirty  years  of  aire  he  was 
chosen  for  two  years  to  represent  bis  native  town  in 
the  State  Legislature,  and  later  lie  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  State  senate.  In  lSf>()  he  was 
chosen 'a  member  of  the  convention  for  revising  the 
constitution  of  the  State.  In  the  deliberations  of 
this  body  he  took  an  active  part.  For  four  years 
he  was  president  of  the  Manchester  and  Lawrence 
Railroad.  His  life  was  one  of  great  business  activity. 
When  about  thirty  years  of  age.  he  was  baptized  bv 
his  brother.  Rev.  C.  A.  Dodge,  and  from  the  time  of 


his  public  profession  to  his  death  he  was  a  faithful 
member  of  the  church,  laboring  in  many  ways  to 
promote  its  prosperity.  lie  died  at  Hampton  Falls, 
Feb.  14.  lSf>:>. 

Dodge,  Rev.  Oliver,  was  born  at  Hampton 
Falls,  X.  H..  May  IS,  IS  1 3.  He  entered  Water- 
ville  College  in  1S:>9,  graduating  in  1S33.  While 
a  member  of  college  lie  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Chaplin. 
lie  studied  theology  at  Newton,  and  then  was  or 
dained  pastor  of  the  church  in  Lexington,  Mass., 
•Jan.  7,  1S35,  when  he  was  not  quite  twenty-two 
years  of  age.  His  pastoral  life  was  a  compara 
tively  short  one. — a  little  more  than  five  years.  He 
died  May  ±2,  1S40.  He  had  gained  a  strong  hold 
on  the  a  flections  of  his  own  people,  and  was  greatly 
respected  in  the  community  in  which  he  lived.  His 
death,  in  the  very  morning  of  his  ministerial  life, 
w;is  a  sad  blow  to  his  church. 

Dodge,  Orrin,  D.D. — This  veteran  district  sec 
retary  of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union 
for  the  State  of  New  York  was  born  in  Litchfield 
Co.,  Conn.,  in  1S03.  He  was  religiously  educated 
in  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  received  its  baptismal 
rites  at  the  hands  of  Bishop  Oriswold.  of  Connec 
ticut.  He  removed  to  Central  New  York  in  IS  15. 
The  days  of  his  boyhood  alternated  between  the  farm 
and  the  school-room,  in  the  latter  of  which  he  be 
came  a  teacher  at  seventeen  years  of  age,  and  fol 
lowed  that  calling  for  nine  years.  Subsequently 
he  spent  three  years  in  a  public  position  at  West 
Troy,  X.  Y.,  after  which  he  went  into  mercantile 
business  for  a  few  years. 

lie  was  converted  in  1S31,  and  the  same  year  he 
was  baptized  by  Key.  Ashley  Vaughn,  and  in 
1S33  lie  was  licensed  by  the  church  in  West  Troy 
to  preach  the  gospel.  In  May.  1S34.  he  was  or 
dained  at  Sand  Lake  Baptist  church,  east  of  Troy, 
where  lie  served  as  pastor  for  three  years.  His 
next  pastorates  were  at  Maysyille  nine  years.  West 
Troy  two  years,  and  Ballston  two  years.  In  the 
year  1S4S  lie  was  appointed  collecting  secretary  for 
missions  for  the  New  Y.ork  State  Convention.  He 
developed  rare  qualities  for  such  a  service,  and  at 
the  expiration  often  months  be  was  chosen  by  the 
board  of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  as 
their  agent  for  collecting  funds  for  foreign  missions. 
This  service  lie  has  performed  to  this  date  (J879) 
with  uncommon  zeal,  ability,  and  success;  his 
fervid  eloquence,  and  his  absorbing  sympathy  with 
the  missionaries,  securing  for  him  a  hearty  welcome 
among  the  churches. 

Dodson,  Rev.  Ellas. — No  man  is  better  known 
in  North  Carolina  than  Elias  Dodson.  He  was 
born  in  Halifax  Co..  Va.,  Oct.  27.  1S07  ;  was  con 
verted  under  the  preaching  of  Rev.  John  Kerr.  and 
baptized  by  Win.  Blair.  May  3.  1S312  :  attended 
Richmond  Institute,  but  graduated  at  William  and 
Mary  College,  July  4.  1S3S,  and  was  ordained  in 


D OLSON 


the  Third  church,  Richmond.  Ara..  September, 
1838.  Most  of  his  life  h;is  been  spent  in  North 
Carolina,  in  the  work  of  an  agent  for  some  good 
cause,  or  as  a  missionary.  Mr.  Dodson  has  many 
peculiarities,  but  perhaps  the  greatest  of  these  is 
his  special  consecration  to  the  cause  of  his  Master. 
lie  writes  often  and  briefly  for  the  press,  and  is 
remarkable  for  his  memory.  Not  many  better  men 
live  than  Elias  Dodson. 

Dodson,  Rev.  Obadiah,  an  early  preacher  in 
Louisiana,  and  author  of  a  useful  book,  entitled 
''Fifteen  Reasons  for  the  Proper  Training  of  Chil 
dren."  was  a  native  of  Tennessee.  He  was  em 
ployed  for  several  years  as  a  missionary  by  the 
Louisiana  Baptist  Convention.  Hied  in  18. >4. 

Donatists,  The.  — In  N'orth  Africa,  during  the 
fierce  persecution  of  Dioclesian,  many  Christians 
courted  a  violent  death.  These  persons,  without 
the  accusation,  would  confess  to  the  possession  of 
the  Holv  Scriptures,  and  on  their  refusal  to  sur 
render  them,  thev  were  immediately  imprisoned 
and  frequently  executed.  While  they  were  in  con 
finement  thev  were  visited  bv  thrones  of  disciples, 
who  bestowed  upon  them  valuable  gifts  and  showed 
them  the  highest  honor. 

Mensurius,  bishop  of  Carthage,  disapproved  of 
all  voluntary  martyrdom,  and  took  steps  to  hinder 
such  bloodshed.  And  if  he  had  gone  no  farther  in 
this  direction  he  would  have  deserved  the  commen 
dation  of  all  good  men.  But  by  zealous  Christians 
in  North  Africa  he  was  regarded  as  unfriendly  to 
compulsory  martyrdom,  and  to  the  manifestations 
of  tender  regard  shown  to  the  victims  of  tyranny. 
And  by  some  he  was  supposed  to  be  capable;  of  a 
gross  deception  to  preserve  his  own  life,  or  to  secure 
the  safety  of  his  friends.  When  a  church  at  Car 
thage  was  about  to  be  searched  for  copies  of  the 
Bible,  he  had  them  concealed  in  a  safe  place,  and 
the  writings  of  heretics  substituted  for  them.  This 
removal  was  an  act  of  Christian  faithfulness,  but 
the  works  which  he  put  in  the  church  in  their 
stead  were  apparently  intended  to  deceive  the 
heathen  officers.  Mensurius  seems  to  us  to  have 
been  too  prudent  a  man  for  a  Christian  bishop  in 
the  harsh  times  in  which  he  lived.  In  his  own  dav 
his  conduct  created  a  most  unfavorable  opinion  of 
his  religious  courage  and  faithfulness  among  mul 
titudes  of  the  Saviour's  servants  in  his  country. 
Secundus.  primate  of  Nnmidia,  wrote  to  Mensu 
rius.  giving  utterance  to  censures  about  his  conduct, 
and  glorifying  the  men  who  perished  rather  than 
surrender  their  Bibles.  Coecilian  was  the  arch 
deacon  of  the  bishop  of  Carthage,  and  was  known 
to  enjoy  his  confidence;  and  share;  his  opinions. 

Mensurius,  returning  from  a  visit  to  Rome,  be 
came  ill.  and  died  in  the  year  311.  Caecilian  was 
appointed  his  successor,  and  immediately  the  whole 
opposition  of  the  enemies  of  his  predecessor  was 


341  DONATISTS 

directed  to  him.  In  his  own  city  a  rich  widow  of 
great  influence,  and  her  numerous  friends,  assailed 
him  ;  a  synod  of  seventy  Numidian  bishops  ex 
communicated  him  for  receiving  ordination  from  a 
Iraditor  (one  who  had  delivereel  up  the  Bible  to  be 
burned  to  save  his  life)  ;  and  another  bishop  was 
elected  to  take  charge  of  the  church  of  Carthage. 
The  Donatist  community  was  then  launched  upon 
the  sea  of  its  stormy  life. 

Bishop  Donatus,  after  whom  the  new  denomina 
tion  was  named,  was  a  man  of  <ireat  eloquence,  as 
unbending  as  Martin  Luther,  as  fiery  as  the  great 
Scotch  Reformer,  whose1  principles  were  dearer  to 
him  than  life,  and  who  was  governed  by  unwearied 
energy.  Under  his  n'uidance  the  Donatists  spread 
all  over  the  Roman  dominions  on  the  African  coast, 
and  for  a  time  threatened  the  supremacy  of  the 
older  Christian  community.  But  persecution  laid 
its  heavy  hand  upon  their  personal  liberty,  their 
church  property,  and  the'ir  lives.  Again  and  again 
this  old  and  crushing  argument  was  applied  to  the 
Donatists.  and  still  thev  survived  for  centuries. 
Their  hardships  secured  the'  sympathy  of  numerous 
bands  of  armed,  marauders  called  Circnmcelliones, 
men  who  suffered  severely  from  the>  authorities 
sustained  by  the  persecuting  church,  i-  free  lance" 
warriors  \vho  e-are'el  nothing  for  religion,  but  had  a 
wholesome  hatred  of  tyrants.  These;  men  fought 
desperately  for  the  oppressed  Donatists.  .Julian 
the  Apostate  took  their  side  when  he  ascended  the 
throne  of  the  Ca'sars.  and  showed  much  interest  in 
their  welfare,  as  unbelievers  in  modern  times  have 
frequently  shown  sympathy  with  persecuted  com 
munities  in  Christian  lands. 

There  were  a  few  Donatist  churches  outside  of 
Africa,  but  the>  denomination  was  almost  confined 
to  that  continent.  They  suffered  less  from  the 
Vandals  than  their  former  oppressors,  but  the  power 
of  these  conquerors  was  very  injurious  to  them  • 
and  the  victorious  Saracens  destroyed  the  remaining 
churches  of  this  grand  old  community. 

The  Donatists  were  eletermined  to  have  only 
godly  members  in  their  churches.  In  this  particu 
lar  they  Avere  immeasurably  superior  to  the  Church 
Universal  (Catholic),  even  as  represented  by  the 
threat  Augustine  of  Hippo.  The'ir  teachings  on  this 
question  are  in  perfect  harmony  with  our  own. 
They  regarded  the  Church  Universal  as  having  for- 
feite'd  her  Christian  character  by  her  inconsisten 
cies  and  iniquities,  and  they  refused  to  recognize 
her  ordinances  and  her  ministry.  Hence  they  gave 
the  triple  immersion  a  see-ond  time  to  those  Avho 
had  received  it  in  the  great  corrupt  church.  Their 
government  was  not  episcopal  in  the  modern  sense. 
Mosheim  is  right  in  representing  them  as  having  at 
one  time  400  bishops.  The  Roman  population  on  the 
North  African  coast  would  not  have  required  t\venty 
diocesan  bishops  to  care  for  their  spiritual  wants. 


DONATISTS 

Every  town,  in  all  probability,  h;v<l  its  bishop,  and 
if  there  wore1  two  or  more  congregations,  these 
formed  but  one  church,  whose  services  were  in 
charge  of  one  minister  and  IPS  assistants.  These 
church  leaders  were  largely  under  the  control  of 
the  people  to  whom  they  ministered.  The  Donatists 
held  boldly  the  doctrine  that  the  church  and  the 
state  were  entirely  distinct,  bodies.  Earlv  in  their 
denominational  life.  Constantino  the  Groat,  for  the 
first  time  in  earthly  history,  had  united  the  church 
to  the  Human  government,  and  speedily  the  Dona- 
tists  arose  to  denounce  the  union  as  unhallowed, 
and  as  forbidden  by  the  highest  authority  in  the 
Christian  Church.  Xo  Baptist  in  modern  times 
brands  the  accursed  union  between  church  and 
state  with  more  appropriate  condemnations  than 
did  his  ancient  Donatist  brother.  Their  faith  on 
this  question  is  well  expressed  in  their  familiar 
saying,  "  What  has  the  emperor  to  do  with  the 
church?"  Soul  liberty  lived  in  their  dav. 

It  is  extremely  probable  that  they  did  not  prac 
tise  the  baptism  of  unconscious  babes. — at  least  in 
the  early  part  of  their  history.  It  is  often  urged 
that  Augustine,  their  bitter  enemy,  would  not  fail 
to  bring  this  charge  against  them  if  they  had  re 
jected  his  favorite  rite.  His  works  now  extant  do 
not  directly  bring  such  an  accusation  against  them, 
and  it  is  concluded  that  they  followed  his  own 
usage.  This  argument  would  have  great  weight  if 
it  were  proved  that  all  the  Catholics  of  Africa  bap 
tized  unconscious  babes.  But  there  is  no  evidence 
of  such  universal  observance.  Outside  of  Africa, 
in  the  fourth  century,  the  baptism  of  an  uncon 
scious  babe  was  a  rare  Occurrence.  Though  born 
in  it  of  pious  parents,  Augustine  himself  was  not 
baptized  till  he  was  thirty-three  years  of  age.  His 
works  are  bristling  with  weapons  to  defend  infant 
baptism  :  they  are  the  arsenal  from  which  its  modern 
defenders  have  procured  their  most  effective  arms, 
and  if  the  custom  had  been  universally  accepted, 
he  would  have  seen  no  cause  to  keep  up  such  a 
warfare  in  its  defense.  The  frequency  with  which 
Augustine  treats  of  infant  baptism  is  striking  evi 
dence  that  its  observance  in  his  day  and  country 
was  often  called  in  question,  and  that  had  he  di 
rectly  pointed  out  this  defect  in  the  observances  of 
the  Ponatists  he  would  have  been  quickly  reminded 
that  he  had  better  remove  the  opposition  to  infant 
baptism  from  his  own  people  before  he  assailed  it 
among  the  Donatists.  This  fact  would  account  for 
the  supposed  silence  of  Augustine  on  this  question. 
The  second  canon  of  the  Council  of  Carthage, 
where  the  principles  of  Augustine  were  supreme, 
"  Declares  an  anathema  against  such  as  deny  that 
children  ought  to  be  baptized  as  soon  as  they  are 
born."  (Du  Pin,  i.  f>35.  Dublin.)  If  this  curse 
is  against  the  Donatists,  it  shows  that  they  did  not 
practise  the  infant  rite  ;  if  it  is  against  other  Afri- 


DOOLITTLE 


cans,  it  gives  a  good  reason  why  Augustine  should 
be  cautious  in  bringing  charges  against  the  Dona 
tists  on  this  account.  Augustine  wrote  a  work 
"On  Baptism.  Against  the  Donatists."  in  which, 
speaking  of  infant  baptism,  he  says.  "And  if  aiu/ 
tine  xcrk  (Heine  authority  in  this  matter,  although, 
what  the  whole  church  holds,  not  as  instituted  by 
councils,  but  as  a  thing  always  observed,  is  rightly 
held  to  have  been  handed  down  bv  apostolical  au 
thority."  (Et  si  quisquam  in  hac  re  auctoritatem 
divinam  qua-ret. —  Patrol.  Lat..  vol.  xlii.  p.  174, 
Migne.  Parisiis.j  This  book  is  expressly  written 
against  the  views  of  baptism  held  by  the  Donatists; 
it  was  designed  to  correct  their  errors  on  that  sub 
ject.  And  he  clearly  admits  that  some  of  them 
doubted  the  divine  authority  of  infant  baptism,  and 
he  proceeds  to  establish  it  by  an  argument  from 
circumcision.  Augustine  was  a  powerful  contro 
versialist  :  to  have  charged  the  Ponatists  directly 
with  heresy  for  rejecting  infant  baptism  would 
have  been  an  accusation  against  many  in  his  own 
church,  and  he  prudently  assails  his  enemies  on 
this  point,  as  if  only  some  of  them  regarded  infant 
baptism  as  a  mere  human  invention  :  and  he  boast 
fully  and  ignorantly.  or  falsely,  speaks  of  it  as  al 
ways  observed  by  the  whole  church,  while  one  of 
his  own  African  councils  pronounces  a  curse  upon 
those  who  '•  denied  that  children  ought  to  be  bap 
tized  as  soon  as  they  are  born." 

Doolittle,  Hon.  James  R.,  LL.D. — Judge  Doo- 

little  was  born  in  Salem.  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y., 
•Jan.  2.  1815,  and  was  educated  at  Geneva  College, 
in  Western  New  "i  ork,  graduating  in  the  year 
1834.  Entering  the  legal  profession,  he  practised 
law  for  several  years  at  Rochester  and  Warsaw. 
serving  at  one  period  for  some  years  as  district 
attorney  for  Wyoming  County,  and  also,  at  one 
time,  under  the  old  -militia  rtijlttie.  as  colonel  of  a 
regiment.  Removing  to  Racine.  Wis..  in  1851,  he 
was,  two  years  after,  elected  to  the  bench,  as  judge 
of  the  first  circuit.  This  he  resigned  in  1856.  re 
suming  the  practice  of  law.  and  in  January,  1857, 
he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  and  re- 
elected  in  18()3.  At  the  end  of  his  second  term,  in 
1809.  he  retired  from  public  life,  and  has  since  de 
voted  himself  to  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Chicago,  his  residence  remaining  at  Racine.  Judice 
Doolittle  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church 
early  in  life,  and  has,  amidst  all  the  vicissitudes 
of  an  active  and  varied  public  career,  borne  himself 
as  a  consistent  Christian  and  a  Baptist  loyal  to  his 
convictions,  lie  has  been  a  trustee  of  the  univer 
sity  at  Chicago  from  the  foundation  of  the  institu 
tion  -.  one  year  he  served  as  its  president,  and  during 
a  succession  of  years  as  a  professor  in  its  law 
school.  In  respect  to  public  affairs  he  is  a  man  of 
large  views,  and  his  career,  in  that  regard,  has 
been  characterized  to  an  unusual  degree  by  abso- 


DOOM 


343 


DOWLING 


lute  personal  integrity.  In  his  own  denomina 
tion  he  is  held  in  high  honor  and  esteem,  as  one 
true  to  its  principles,  and  adding  lustre  to  its 
annals. 

Doom,  Dr.  Adam  J.,  was  born  in  Ilopkinsville, 
Ky.,  May  13,  1813.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  began 
the  study  of  medicine  at  Nashville,  Tenn..  and  be 
came  an  eminent  physician,  and  author  of  a  medi 
cal  treatise,  which,  when  ready  for  the  press,  was 
accidentally  destroyed  by  lire.  In  1832  he  was  im 
mersed.  In  1S34  he  moved  to  Iowa,  near  Burling 
ton  ;  helped  to  organize  a  church  :  was  active  in  re 
ligion,  and,  owing  to  the  scarcity  of  preachers,  was 
gradually  led  into  the  ministry;  ordained  in  1S43, 
and  immersed  26  converts  on  the  day  of  his  ordina 
tion,  lie  helped  to  organize  many  churches  and  the 
first  Association  in  Western  Missouri,  Eastern  Iowa, 
and  Nebraska,  and  after  his  removal  to  California,  in 
1859.  was  a  leading  citizen  at  Loyalton  ;  its  post 
master  for  eleven  years  ;  organized  the  church  there  : 
built  its  meeting-house,  at  a  cost  to  himself  of 
nearly  S2000  :  finally  located  at  Biggs'  Station: 
gave  much  time  to  missionary  work  for  new  and 
poor  churches,  until  1877.  when,  aged  and  almost 
blind,  he  ceased  active  labor,  waiting  in  the  home 
of  his  children,  and  in  the  love  of  the  churches,  the 
Master's  bidding  to  "  come  up  higher.''  Dr.  Doom 
is  still  one  of  the  wise  counselors  and  liberal  sup 
porters  of  Baptist  interests  in  the  Sacramento  River 
A  ssociation ,  C al  i fon i  i a . 

Douglas,  Hon.  Stephen  A. — Although  Mr. 
Douglas  was  not  himself  a  Baptist,  yet  his  service 
to  the  denomination  in  tin;  ^ift  of  a  site  for  the 
University  of  Chicago,  and  his  regard  for  it,  for 
the  sake  of  his  first  wife,  who  was  a  Christian  lady 
and  an  earnest  Baptist,  make  it  suitable  that  he 
should  have  a  brief  record  here.  A  native  of  Ver 
mont,  born  at  Brandon  in  that  State  in  1S13.  he 
received  simplv  an  academical  education  at  Bran 
don  and  at  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  Entering  the  legal 
profession,  he  removed  to  Illinois  in  1834,  estab 
lishing  himself  first  at  Jacksonville  and  afterwards 
at  Chicago.  His  rise  in  his  profession  and  in  pub 
lic  life  was  remarkably  rapid,  in  1841  being  chosen 
a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois,  in  1843 
a  Representative  in  Congress,  in  1847  a  United 
States  Senator,  which  place  he  held  until  his  death 
in  180] .  The  incidents  of  his  career  belong  to  the 
political  history  of  this  country,  and  cannot  be  de 
tailed  here.  His  gift  to  the  denomination  of  ten 
acres  of  land  for  the  site  of  a  university  is  more 
particularly  mentioned  elsewhere.  The  terms  of 
the  donation  were  such  as  to  enhance  its  value, 
securing  the  property  to  the  denomination  for  the 
purpose  named,  and  at  the  same  time  placing  the 
institution  in  a  position  to  command  the  support 
of  intelligent  friends  of  education  of  all  religious 
views.  The  first  wife  of  Senator  Douglas  was  Miss 


Martin,  of  North  Carolina,  a  most  estimable  lady, 
and  mother  of  the  two  sons  who  survive  as  the  only 
children  of  Judge  Douglas. 

Douglas,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Scotland, 
Dec.  25,  1812.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  the  class  of  1839.  He  spent  one  year  at 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution,— 1839-40.  lie 
was  ordained  in  Providence,  Jan.  8,  1850.  For 
eighteen  years  he  was  a  city  missionary  in  Provi 
dence,  and  has  been  chaplain  of  the  Rhode  Island 
State  Prison  for  thirty-eight  years.  Since  18G4, 
Mr.  Douglas  has  been  the  registrar  of  Brown  Uni 
versity. 

Dowd,  Rev.  Patrick  W.,  was  born  in  1709; 
was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  Friendship 
church  by  the  elder  Dr.  AY.  T.  Brantly  :  grad 
uated  at  Columbian  College,  D.  C.,  during  Dr. 
Stoughton's  administration,  and  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Raleigh  Baptist  church.  N.  C..  by 
Revs.  Robert  T.  Daniel  and  Thomas  Crocker.  He 
was  at  one  time  pastor  of  the  church  in  Tarborough, 
but  tin1  most  of  his  pastoral  labor  was  performed  in 
the  limits  of  the  Raleigh  Association,  of  which 
body  he  was  for  many  years  the  moderator,  lie 
baptized  Dr.  William  Hooper  into  the  fellowship 
of  Mount  Carmel  church  in  1831.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention,  and 
the  first  president  of  that  body.  He  died  Aug.  28. 
1800,  and  lies  buried  in  the  yard  of  Mount  Pisgah 
church,  of  which  he  was  pastor  for  t\ventv-seven 
years. 

Dowd,  Gen.  Willis  D.,  for  many  years  moder 
ator  of  the  Sandy  Creek  Association,  N.  C..  was 
born  Oct.  25.  1805.  Two  of  his  brothers.  AYil- 
liam  and  Patrick  AY.,  were  Baptist  ministers,  and 
he  was  an  active  and  zealous  Christian.  For 
fifteen  years  he  was  chairman  of  the  court  of  his 
county  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature  of  his 
State  in  1N30.  and  was  in  the  State  senate  in  I860. 
In  1875  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  State  Con 
vention.  He  died  April  10.  1879. 

Dowling,  Rev.  George  Thomas,  was  born  in 
New  York  City,  June  2,  1849;  son  of  Rev.  John 
Dowling.  D.D.  ;  converted  at  the  age  of  thirteen, 
and  baptized  by  his  father:  left  the  College  of  the 
City  of  New  YTork  to  enter  'business  life,  but  after 
two  years  consecrated  himself  to  the  ministry,  and 
pursued  courses  of  study  at  Madison  University 
and  Crozer  Theological  Seminary.  After  a  short 
pastorate  at  Fellowship.  N.  J..  in  November.  1871, 
took  charge  of  the  Third  church,  Providence,  R.  I. 
In  September,  1873,  became  pastor  of  Central 
church,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  fivs 
years.  His  pastorate  was  very  successful,  though 
darkened  by  a  terrible  accident,  by  which  a  number 
of  people  were  killed  through  the  falling  of  the 
church  floor.  In  1877  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Euclid  Avenue  church,  Cleveland,  0.,  where  he  now 


DOWLING 


:U4 


remains.  II;is  published  sermons,  and  devotes  con 
siderable  time  to  lectures.  His  present  pastorate 
has  been  attended  with  great  prosperity. 

Bowling1,   John,   D.D.,  was  born  at  Pavensey, 
on   the   coast   of  Sussex.   England,   May   1-.    I  SOT. 
From    the    house   in  which    Dr.    Dowling  was    born 
mav  lie  seen  the  ivy-clad  towers  of  Pavensey  Castle, 
which  was   said    to  be   an   ancient  ruin  of  Roman 
origin.       Dr.    Dowling's  ancestors   Cor  generations 
were  adherents  of  the  Established  Church  of  Eng 
land.      In   early  life  he  removed  to  London,  and   at 
the  slice  of  seventeen  became  a  member  of  the  Eagle 
Street    Baptist  church,  whose   pastor  was  the    Kev. 
.Joseph    Ivimev,  the  historian  of  the  English    Bap 
tists,      lu   early  youth   he  exhibited  great  fondness 
for   books   and    literary  pursuits.      At   nineteen    he 
was  tutor  in  the  Latin  language  and  literature!  in  a 
classical  institute  in   London,  and  at  twenty-one  he 
became    instructor   in    Hebrew,  (Ireek,    Latin,    and 
French  in  Buckinghamshire  Classical  Institute,      fu 
1829  he  established   a  classical   boarding-school   in 
Oxfordshire,  a    few  miles    from    the  city  of  Oxford, 
where    he    taught    until    1S3-J.  when    he    embarked 
with  his  family  for  the  United    States.      Soon   after 
his   arrival    he  settled  with   the   Baptist  church  in 
Catskill,  where  he  was  ordained  Nov.  14.  1S/52.     In 
IS;5 1-  he  removed  to  Newport,  II.  I  ,  and  in  August, 
1S:')().  accepted  a  call  to  a  church  in  Now  York  wor- 
shipinsrin  Gothic  Masonic  Hall.      He;  also  preached 
for  two  or  three  years  as  pastor  of  the  Broadway 
church   in    Hope   chapel,   after   which   he   went  to 
Providence  as  pastor.     In  1844  he  first  became  pas 
tor  of  the    Berean   church,  in  Bedford  Street,  Xew 
York.  serving   there   eight  years.     In   1852  he  ac 
cepted  a  call  to  Philadelphia,  but  returned  in  1856 
to  the  Berean  church  at  their  urgent  and  unanimous 
request.     Here  he  continued  to  labor  efficiently  for 
twelve   years.       Afterwards   ho    served    the    South 
church,   Newark,  X.  •!.,  and  the   South  church   of 
New  York  Citv.      Dr.  Dowling  has  been  a  prolific 
•writer.      In    England    he   published    three   school- 
books  which  were  in   general   use  for  many  years. 
In  this  country  he  has  published  "  The  History  of 
Romanism,''  of  which  some  30.000  copies  have  been 
published    and    sold:     ''Power    of    Illustration." 
'•  Xiichts  and   Mornings,''  "Indoor  Offering,"   and 
numerous  pamphlets  and  tracts.     One  of  the  latest. 
if  not  the  last  of  his  tracts,  and  a  most  valuable 
treatise  for  ministers  of  the  gospel,  is  an  essay  read 
before  the  New  York  Baptist   Pastors'   Conference 
in   the  fall  of  1877.  on  "  Humility  as  an   Element 
of  Ministerial    Character."      In    lS4f>    he    received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Transylvania  University. 
For   several    years  before  his  death    Dr.  Dowling, 
because  of  the   infirmities  of  age,  had  no  pastoral 
charge,  but  he  preached  in  many  pulpits  of  the  city 
of  New  York  of  all  evangelical  denominations.    No 
man  was  more  cordially  beloved  than  Dr.  Dowling. 


To   a   humble,  generous,   sympathetic   spirit   there 
was  added  a  character  of  sterling  and  incorruptible 

integrity.      His    death    occurred    at    Middletown, 
X.  Y.,  .July  4.  1878. 

Downer,  Prof.  John  Rathbone,  was  born  of 

an  honored  and  long-lived  ancestry  in  /anosvillo. 
()..  Dec.  6,  18'J1  ;  converted  under  the  preaching  of 
Rev.  George  I.  Miles,  and  baptized  in  1840:  grad 
uated  at  Madison  University  in  1845.  and  in  the 
last  class  of  the  theological  seminary  at  Covington. 
Ky.,  in  1S48.  From  1848  to  1850  was  pastor  at 
Xenia,  0.,  when  he  settled  with  the  Sandusky  Street 
church,  Alleghanv  City,  1'a.,  where  IK;  remained 
three  years.  In  ]S53  was  called  to  the  chair  of 
Rhetoric  and  English  Literature  in  Granville  Col 
lege.  0..  a  position  which  he  held  with  unswerving 
devotion  and  eminent  success  until  lSf>r>.  when  he 
resigned.  His  health  having  become  broken,  he 
removed  to  Kansas  and  Missouri,  where  he  spent 
eight  years,  partly  in  business  and  partly  in  mis 
sionary  work.  As  a  result  of  his  efforts  in  this 
field,  four  churches  were  organized  and  three  meet 
ing-houses  built.  In  1875.  with  health  still  broken, 
he  came  Kast,  and  took  charge  of  the  Ridley  Park 
church,  near  Philadelphia.  Pa.  Here  he  rapidly 
and  thoroughly  regained  his  health,  and  was  suc 
cessful  in  every  way.  In  lS7'.t  he  resigned  this 
position,  and  has  since  been  residing  in  Philadel 
phia  and  doing  general  work. 

Prof.  Downer  has  spent  the  most  of  his  mature 
life  in  the  work  of  education,  but  has  proved  that 
he  can  be  a  successful  pastor  or  executive  officer  as 
well  as  teacher.  He  has  written  considerably  for 
the  denominational  papers,  is  in  the  prime  of  life, 
and  is  universally  regarded  as  an  energetic,  con 
secrated,  and  capable  man. 

Downey,  Rev.  Francis.— This  veteran  preacher 
is  now  the  oldest  Baptist  minister  in  Western  Penn 
sylvania.  He  has  entered  his  ninety-second  year, 
and  closes  life  surrounded  by  many  comforts  on  his 
farm  near  Garrard's  Fort,  in  Greene  County.  Mr. 
Downey  was  an  actor  in  the  scenes  that  transpired 
when  Alexander  Campbell  left  the  Baptists  and 
founded  the  denomination  called  •'  Difciples."  He 
was  also  among  the  number  who  united  to  form  the 
Monongahela  Association.  For  many  years,  in  the 
manhood  of  his  strength,  he  traversed  the  country 
when  rouich  roads  and  other  difficulties  would  have 
cooled  the  zeal  of  many  modern  ministers.  A 
crown  awaits  him  when  his  work  on  earth  is  done. 
Dozier,  Rev.  John,  of  Uniontown.  Ala.:  had 
some  early  advantages :  a  good  reasoner:  an  elo 
quent  preacher  :  holds  a  commanding  influence 
among  the  colored  Baptists  who  know  him  :  he  is 
well  read  and  thoroughly  posted  in  the  Scriptures. 
Drake,  Rev.  Jacob,  was  born  in  Connecticut, 
and  removed  from  Windsor  to  Canaan.  X.  Y.,  in 
1769.  He  was  then  a  Congregational  minister.  In 


DRAKE 


1770  ho  formed  a  church  of  that  denomination  in 
his  new  homo  and  became  its  pastor.  Some  years 
later  he  adopted  Baptist  principles,  and  organized 
a  church  after  the  Apostolic  model.  Mr.  Drake 
was  a  minister  of  unwearied  labors,  and  in  ten  years 
his  church  numbered  more  than  ;V)0  members. 
Those  were  sometimes  widely  separated.  At  one 
period  his  church  had  eleven  teachers  and  ruling 
ciders,  besides  the  pastor.  The  elders  could  ad 
minister  baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper.  The 
church  at  Canaan  established  others  in  Groat  Bar- 
rington  and  Egremont.  Warren's  Bush,  Coevman's 
Patent,  JHiane's  Bush,  Konsselaorville.  West  Stock- 
bridge,  and  Xew  Concord.  Eight  churches  were 
the  fruit  of  twelve  years  of  the  successful  labor  of 
Jacob  Drake.  In  17'.)-  he  removed  to  the  Wyoming 
region  of  Pennsylvania,  whore  God  continued  to 
grant  rich  blessings  upon  his  ministry. 

Drake,  Rev.  Simeon  J.,  was  born  in  Xew  York 
City.  March  2.  1SD4.  After  studying  at  Columbia 
College  lie  entered  his  father's  store.  At  the  a«re 
of  seventeen  there  was  a  marked  change  in  his  life. 
Six  years  later,  while  in  business  at  Now  Bruns 
wick,  he  was  greatly  moved  under  the  preaching 
of  Rcv.G.  S.  Webb.  In  !S3l2  he  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
\Vm.  Parkinson,  and  united  with  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Xew  York.  In  ]s:;4  he  was  licensed,  but 
continued  in  business.  When  called  to  the  pas 
torate  of  the  church  at  Hallway,  X.  J.,  the  next 
year,  it  was  a  sacrilico  to  leave  the  bank  of  which 
he  was  an  important  officer  for  the  meagre  salary 
which  a  little  church  could  give,  but  he  did  not 
hesitate.  He  was  ordained  in  iS.'Jti.  After  serviii"- 
the  church  for  three  years,  during  which  the  ilock 
doubled  its  numbers,  he  WHS  constrained  by  the  call 
of  the  church  and  the  providence  of  God  to  go  to 
Plaiufield.  where  his  labors  for  nearly  a  quarter  of 
a  century  were  blessed  to  the  conversion  and  edifi 
cation  of  hundreds.  His  godly  life,  faithful  preach 
ing,  and  loving  counsels  will  not  soon  bo  forgotten. 
Sunday  morning.  April  13,  1862,  he  died  "in  the 
midst,  of  his  brethren,"  after  a  short  illness,  be 
loved,  and  faithful  to  the  last.  He  was  prominent 
in  State  work,  being  secretary  of  the  Convention 
for  five  years.  His  previous  business  training  was 
very  useful  to  him.  The  Baptists  of  Xew  Jersey 
are  greatly  indebted  to  Mr.  Drake  for  the  efficiency 
of  their  benevolent  enterprises  and  for  the  saintly 
example  which  he  constantly  set  them. 

Dudley,  Rev.  Ambrose,  a-distinguished  Baptist 
preacher  among  the  pioneers  of  Kentucky,  was 
born  in  Spottsylvania  Co..  Va.,  in  17ol>.  At  the 
breaking  out  of  the  Revolutionary  war  he  entered 
the  army  as  captain.  While  stationed  at  Williams- 
burg  ho  was  converted,  and  on  returning  homo  was 
ordained  and  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Spott 
sylvania.  After  preaching  some  years  Avith  much 
acceptance,  he  moved  to  Fayette  Co.,  Ky.,  in  1786 
23 


i  and  Avas  immediately  called  to  the  pastoral  care  of 
Bryant's  church.  David's  Fork  church  soon  arose 
out  of  Bryant's,  and  called  Mr.  Dudley  to  its  pas 
torate.  His  ministry  at  both  of  these  churches  was 
|  attended  with  extraordinary  success.  During  the 
great  revival  of  1SOO-3,  Bryant's  church  received 
|  4l>l  members.  Mr.  Dudley  frequently  acted  as 
moderator  of  Klkhorn  Association,  and  also  of 
Licking  Association.  After  a  long  life  of  great 
usefulness  he  died  in  ISiM,  leaving  behind  him 
eleven  sons,  three  daughters,  and  nearly  one  hun 
dred  grandchildren.  Among  his  sons  was  Benjamin 
Winslow  Dudley,  one  of  the  most  distinguished 
surgeons  in  the  United  States. 

Dudley,  Rev.  John  Hull,  Avas  a  native  of  An- 
dover.  Yt..  where  he  was  born  Sept.  7,  ISO!-];  edu 
cated  at  Madison  University,  ordained  as  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Victory.  X.  Y..  in  ISI-J'J.  He 
cam  i;  to  Wisconsin  in  1*44  to'ake  the  pastorate  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Delavan.  Ho  was  settled  at 
Victory,  X.  1..  four  years:  at  Sennett.  X.  Y..  five 
years;  at  Arcadia.  X.  Y..  two  years:  at  Dolavan, 
Wis..  live  years:  and  at  Sugar  Creek.  Wis.,  thir 
teen  years.  Ho  died  at  his  home  in  Delavan,  Fob. 
i,  1868.  lie  was  a  successful  minister  of  Jesus 
Christ,  and  belongs  to  the  class  of  pioneer  and 
itinerant  workers  Avho  laid  the  foundations  in  the 
early  history  of  the  State.  He  was  the  warm  friend 
of  education,  and  labored  faithfully  in  connection 
Avith  its  early  movements  in  AVisconsin.  lie  was 
also  the  friend  of  missions  and  of  temperance,  and 
of  human  freedom.  Ho  died  very  suddenly,  in  the 
midst  of  his  family,  in  the  triumphs  of  the  gospel 
he  had  so  long  proclaimed  to  others,  at  the  age  of 
sixty-five  years. 

Dudley,  Richard  M.,  D.D.,  is  a  great-grandson 
of  Rev.  Ambrose  Dudley,  a  famous  pioneer  preacher 
of  Kentucky,  and  the  head  of  one  of  the  most  illus 
trious  families  of  the  State.  He  was  born  in  Mad 
ison  Co.,  Ky.,  Sept.  1.  1838.  He  entered  George 
town  College  in  1856.  Avith  a  view  to  preparing 
himself  for  the  practice  of  huv.  In  I8f>7  he  was 
converted  to  Christ,  and  united  Avith  the  Baptist 
church  at  Georgetown.  Being  impressed  Avith  a 
sense  of  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  abandoned 
his  purpose  of  becoming  a  lawyer,  and  prosecuted 
his  studies  Avith  a  vieAV  to  the  ministry.  He  grad 
uated  at  Georgetown  College  in  I860.  Haviiv 

i*7> 

been  ordained  to  the  ministry,  he  accepted  the  pas 
torate  of  East  Baptist  church,  in  Louisville,  in  the 
spring  of  1861.  In  1S65  his  voice  failed,  and  lit! 
took  editorial  charge  of  the  Western  Recorder,  a 
weekly  Baptist  paper  published  in  Louisville,  and 
soon  afterwards  purchased  the  paper.  In  1871  he 
sold  the  Recorder,  and  moved  to  Fayette  County, 
and  became  pastor  of  David's  Fork  church.  Xext 
year  he  accepted  a  professorship  in  Georgetown 
College,  still  continuing  his  pastoral  relation.  In 


DTDLKY 


34G 


DUNBAR 


1877  lie  resigned  his  professorship,  and  gave  him 
self  entirely  to  the  work  of  a,  pastor.  In  1X78  lie 
took  charge  of  the  church  at  Georgetown.  In 
1X79  lie  was  el(!cted  chairman  of  the  faculty  of 
Ge;>r!i-ctuwn  College,  and  in  June,  1880,  was  elected 
president  of  that  institution.  lie  is  yet  a  young 
man.  possessing  good  attainments,  line  energy  and 
zeal,  and  a  varied  experience,  and  will  lie  likely  to  I 
infuse  new  life  into  the  college. 

Dudley,  Rev.  Thomas  Parker,  son  of  I  lev. 

Ambrose;  Dudley,  is  the  most  distinguished  preacher 
unions  the  Baptists  of  Kentucky.  lie  -was  born  in 
Fayette  Co.,  Ky.,  -May  31,  1792.  In  1X12  he  en 
tered  the  armv.  was  made  commissary  of  the  | 
Northwestern  troops,  participating  in  the  battles  of 
Frenchtown  and  the  River  llaisin  ;  in  the  latter  was 
wounded  in  the  shoulder;  taken  prisoner  by  the 
Indians  and  carried  to  Detroit.  In  the  fall  of  1X14 
he  was  made  quartermaster  of  a  detachment  which 
reinforced  (leu.  Jackson  at  the  battle  of  New  Or 
leans,  and  the  same  year  was  appointed  quarter 
master-general  of  Kentucky.  From  18K>  until 
1X24  he  was  cashier  of  a  branch  of  the  old  Bank 
of  Kentucky,  located  at  Winchester,  and  for  several 
years  afterwards  was  engaged  in  settling  up  the 
business  of  these  branch  banks,  lie  succeeded  his 
father  in  the  pastorate  of  Bryant's  church  in  1X25. 
Of  this  church  he  has  now  (18X0)  been  pastor  fifty- 
five  years,  and  of  three  other  churches  almost  as 
loiiLr.  and  he  has  also  been  moderator  of  Licking 
Association  forty-seven  years,  lie  resides  in  Lex 
ington.  Ky. 

Dltlin,  E.  S.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Fair 
fax  Co..  Va.,  Jan.  IX,  1X21.  His  father  died  in 
Washington  in  1X23,  and  left  his  son  when  nine 
years  of  age.  lie  was  blessed  with  a  Christian 
mother  and  with  the  grace  of  God,  and  he  was  con 
verted  and  bapti/ed  in  1X39.  lie  entered  Richmond 
College  in  1841,  and  passed  through  a  full  course. 
After  fraduation  he  was  Professor  of  Languages  in 

O  *- 

Ilollins  Institute,  Va.  He  spent  a  year  in  special 
studv  at  the  University  of  Virginia;  was  ordained 
in  Baltimore  in  1848,  and  in  1X49  became  pastor 
at  Lexington.  Mo.  :  was  a  member  of  the  Conven 
tion  which  located  William  Jewell  College,  of 
which  he  was  elected  president  the  following  Oc 
tober.  In  I85ohewas  recalled  to  the  Lexington 
church,  and  he  accepted  also  the  presidency  of  the 
Female  College  located  there.  In  1X58  he  became 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Kansas  City,  and  in  1859 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  St.  Joseph,  where  he  re 
mained  six  years.  After  the  war  he  reorganized 
the  school  at  Lexington.  He  developed  the  plan 
for  a  Board  of  Ministerial  Education  for  .Missouri 
in  connection  with  the  college  at  Liberty.  In  1X70 
he  founded  the  Female  College  at  Columbia,  and 
Have  six  years'  hard  work  to  it.  In  187<>  he  re 
moved  to  St.  Joseph,  and  founded  the  Female  Col 


lege  there.  He  has  received  the  degrees  of  D.IX 
and  LL.D.  He  enjoys  the  confidence  and  love  of 
his  denomination  and  of  many  outside  of  it. 

Dunaway,  Thomas  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Lan 
caster  Co.,  Va.,  Nov.  5,  1829.     He  was  the  son  of 
Col.  Thomas  S.  Dunaway,  a  prominent  Baptist  of 
his  time.      His  mother  was  Felicia  T.  Hall,  the  sis 
ter  of  Rev.  Addison   Hall,  who  was  the    father  of 
two    missionaries    to  China,  Mrs.  Shuck    and    Mrs. 
Tobev.      Dr.  Dunaway  was  baptized  into  the  fellow 
ship  of  the  Lebanon    Baptist  church  by  his  uncle, 
the   Rev.  Addison   Hall,  in    September,  1848.     His 
father  dying  in  1843,  just  as  he  was  about  to  send 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  with  his  brother,  to  col 
lege,  his  education  was  afterwards  completed  at  an 
'academy  of  high    grade    in    his   own    county,      lie 
continued  for  two  years  after  1850  to  teach  school  ; 
and   subsequently  filled    for  several   years  the  offi 
ces  of  justice   of  the   peace  and   county  surveyor. 
During   this  period   he  determined   to  enter  upon 
the   study   and    practice   of    law.   and    to   this   end 
studied  with   Maj.  Samuel  Gresham.   a  prominent 
lawyer  of  the   county.     -Just   as   he   was   ready   to 
enter  upon  the  labors  of  his  profession   his  health 
failed,    and    for   several   years   he   continued   quite 
feeble.    In  the  mean  time  he  recognized  God's  hand 
in    his    affliction,  and  he  resolved   to  give   himself 
wholly  to  the  work  of  the  Christian  ministry.      He 
was   licensed   by  the    Lebanon    Baptist   church    in 
October,  I860,  and   immediately   began   to   preach 
for  the  Lebanon  arid  several  other  churches,  in  con 
nection  with  their  pastors.  Hall  and  Kirk.     He  was 
ordained  Nov.  23,  18<>2,  still  preaching  without  ac 
cepting  the  pastoral  care  of  any  church,  until  Oc 
tober,    18Gd,  when  he  became  pastor  of  the  Frcd- 
ericksburg  church,  Va.     The  honorary  degree  of 
D.D.  was  conferred  upon   him    by  Richmond  Col 
lege  in  1877.     Dr.  Dunaway  has  been  an  occasional 
contributor  to  the  public  press,  and  has  published 
"The  Memoirs  of  Rev.  A.    Hall,"  an  exceedingly 
interesting  book,  which  has  been  well  received  by 
the  public.      No  man   stands   higher  in  the  esteem 
of  his  own  community  than  Dr.  Dunaway,  and  his 
labors  in  Fredericksburg  have  been  greatly  blessed 
in  consolidating  and  strengthening  the  cause  of  the 
denomination. 

Dunbar,  Rev.  Duncan,  was  born  in  the  north 
ern  Highlands  of  Scotland  about  the  year  1791. 
The  days  of  his  childhood  and  early  youth  were 
spent  among  the  scenes  of  his  birth  upon  the  banks 
of  the  Spey.  The  Highland  costume  and  customs 
prevailed  in  this  region  in  Mr.  Dunbar' s  boyhood, 
and  the  old  Gaelic  was  still  the  language  of  the 
household.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  his  serious  at 
tention  was  directed  to  the  concerns  of  his  soul. 
After  a  period  of  several  months,  during  which  he 
was  the  subject  of  deep  convictions,  he  obtained 
peace  through  the  blood  of  the  Lamb.  After  his 


DUNCAN 


conversion   he  removed  to  Aberdeen  and  engaged 
in  business,  and  shortly  afterwards  married  Miss 
Christina  Mitehel,  a  lady  of  a   gentle,  lovi,,g  (jis- 
postion,  and  of  deep,   earnest   piety.     For  several 
years   31  r.  Dunbar  remained   in   Aberdeen,  active 
and  zealous  in  the  cause  of  Christ,  and  preaching 
as  a  layman  when  opportunity  offered.     In  IS  17  he 
removed  to  America,  and  settled  in  the  province  of 
New    Brunswick.      Though    not  yet   ordained,    he 
felt  constrained  to  preach  the  gospel.     His  labo 
in   this  field  were  incessant,  and  characterized  by 
the  same  zeal  and   love  for  souls  that  marked  hit 
life  ministry.     After  his  conversion  for  a  consider 
able   period    he   was   greatly    exercised    upon    the 
Scriptural    mode     and   subjects    of    baptism.      At 
length   his  mind  found  rest  in  the  adoption  of  be 
liever's  baptism,  and  he  was  immersed  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Griffis,  of  St.  John,  in  the   harbor  of  that  city, 
Oct.  31,  ISIS.     Ho   was  ordained  at  that  time,  or 
immediately   after.     Mr.    Dunbar    removed    to  the 
United  States  in  December,  IS23,  and  became  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  at  Nobleborough,  Me.    June 
]<).  IS:2S,  he  accepted  a  call   to  the  Vandam   Street, 
subsequently  called  the  3IcDougal   Street,  church, 
New  York  City.     This  settlement  was  the  entrance 
into  a  great  field  of  usefulness,  and  his  pastorate 
with  the  3IcDougal  Street  church  was  the  most  im 
portant  ministerial  work   of  his   life.      In    [S44  he 
removed   to   South  Boston.     After  a  pastorate  of 
two  years  he  returned  to  his  church  in  New  York, 
and  remained  with  them  until    IS">0,  when   he  ac 
cepted  a  call  to  the  Second  church  of  Philadelphia. 
During  his  stay  of  two  years  with    this  church   a 
large   number  of  converts  were  added    to  it,  many 
of  whom  lived  to  become  useful  and  zealous  Chris 
tians.     In  August,  ISfvJ,  3Ir.  Dunbar  ministered  to 
the  church   at  Trenton,  N.  J.     After  a  service  of 
fifteen  months  he  returned  to  hisold  home  with  the 
McDougal   Street  church,  and  remained   until  the 
close  of  his  earthly  ministry. 

As  a  man,  Duncan  Dunbar  was  remarkable  for 
great  kindness  of  heart,  and  manifested  continually 
warm  and  practical  sympathy  for  the  distressed  of 
every  condition.  As  a  preacher  of  the  gospel  he 
was  energetic,  earnest,  and  full  of  spiritual  life. 
He  was  pre-eminently  a  man  of  prayer,  and  his 
long  service  in  the  ministry  had  abundant  evidence 
of  the  blessing  of  God.  He  died  Julv  1'S,  lSf>4. 

Duncan,  Hon.  James   Henry,  was    born    in 

Ilaverhill.  Mass.,  Dec.  f>,  179,"..  The  fortunes  of 
his  ancestors  on  both  his  father's  and  his  mother's 
side  were  for  generations  identified  with  the  his 
tory  of  his  native  place.  On  his  father's  side  he 
was  of  Scotch-Irish  descent.  The  representatives  of 
this  race,  who  came  from  the  famous  Londonderry, 
in  Ireland,  were  the  worthy  compeers  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Plymouth.  "In  force  of  character,'" 
remarks  the  biographer  of  Mr.  Duncan,  "  in  zeal 


347  DUNCAN 

for  religion,  in  previous  preparation,  in  singleness 
of  purpose,  the  Scotch-Irish  were  not  inferior  to 
the  Pilgrims.''  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
sent  at  eleven  years  of  age  to  Phillips'  Academy, 


HON.    JAMES    HENRY    DUNCAN. 

at  Exeter,  N.  II.,  at  the  time  the  best  classical 
school  in  New  England,  if  not  in  the  whole  country. 
Among  his  fellow-students  were  men  who  have 
risen  to  great  distinction  in  the  different  profes 
sions  which  they  followed.  The  names  of  Everett, 
Sparks,  Buckmin.ster,  Palfrey,  and  Dix  are  among 
the  most  honored  names  in  the  annals  of  our  coun 
try.  Young  Duncan  was  fitted  to  enter  Harvard 
College  when  he  was  but  fourteen  years  of  age. 
He  graduated  in  ISI:_>,  having  passed  through  his 
course  of  study  with  credit  to  himself  and  honor 
to  his  friends. 

Soon  after  his  graduation  he  commenced  the 
tudy  of  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  IS  15, 
and  opened  an  oflice  in  Ilaverhill,  where  for  sev- 
ral  years  he  devoted  himself  to  the  practice  of  his 
irofession.  The  death  of  his  father,  in  ]Sl>:>,  made 
it  necessary  for  him  to  look  after  the  affairs  of  his 
estate,  and  compelled  him  to  withdraw  from  tho 
active  duties  of  his  chosen  calling.  lie  took,  how 
ever,  a  deep  interest  in  public  affairs  and  in  the 
ortunos  of  the  political  party  with  which  he  iden 
tified  himself.  He  was  chosen  a  member  of  tho 
[louse  of  Representatives  and  then  a  member  of 
the  senate  of  the  Massachusetts  Legislature.  At 
different  times  during  this  period  of  his  life  he  filled 
responsible  places  of  trust  and  honor  in  his  own 
State.  In  1848  he  was  chosen  by  his  district  to 


DI'Xf'AX 


348 


DUNCAN 


represent  them  in  Congress,  and  was  re-elected  in 
1S")l).  lie  exercised  a  commanding  influence  wher 
ever  he  was  culled  to  act.  The  tribute  of  affection 
and  respect  which  the  poet  \Vhittier  paid  to  him 
after  bis  decease  makes  honorable  mention  of  him 
as  a  man  in  public  life  and  in  his  social  relations. 
••  His  Congressional  career  was  a  highly  honorable 
one.  marked  by  his  characteristic  soundness  of 
judgment  and  conscientious  faithfulness  to  a  high 
ideal  of  duty.  In  private  life  as  in  public,  lie  was 
habitually  courteous  and  gentlemanly.  For  many 
vears  the  leading  man  in  his  section,  he  held  Ins 
place  without  ostentation,  and  .  .  .  'achieved 
greatness  bv  not  making  himself  great. 

But   it  is  time  to  turn  from  the  consideration  of 
Mr.   Duncan's  character  as  a  public  man.      He  took 
the  most  lively  interest  in   the  cause  of  education, 
and  in  the  threat  religious  organizations  of  his  own 
denomination.      Bro\vu    University   was   especially 
dear   to   him.     Mr.  Duncan  was    a  member  of  the 
'.Board  of  Fellows  of  Brown   University  from    1S3") 
till  his  death,  a  period  which  in  many  respects  may 
be  said  to  have  been  a  "  crisis  period'1  in  the  history 
of  the  institution.     It  is  needless   to  say    that  his 
name  and  influence  were  a  "  tower  of  strength  '  in 
the   councils   of  the    corporation.     It   is   thus  that 
Dr.  Sears  speaks  of  him  as  lie  appeared  at  its  an 
nual   meetings  or  in  the  larger  gatherings  of  the 
representatives  of  the   Missionary    Union  :   "  Long 
will  men  remember  the  impression   made   on    these 
and  similar  occasions  by  this  Christian   gentleman 
and  scholar,  with  his  finely-cut  features   and   sym 
metrical  form,  his  graceful   and  animated  delivery, 
his   chaste,    beautiful,    and    musical    language,    his 
pertinent,  clear,  and  convincing  arguments,  his  un 
flinching  fidelity,    and    his   spotless   integrity.      So 
blended    in    him  were   these  various   attributes    of 
body  and  mind  that  we  can   think  of  them  only  in 
their  union,  and  it  would  seem  that  a  mind  of  deli 
cate   mould   had   formed   for  itself  a   bodily  organ 
suited   to  its  own   purposes.     In   him  we  see  how 
much  Christianity  can  do  for  true  culture,  and  how 
beautiful  an  ornament  culture  is  to  Christianity." 

Mr.  Duncan  was  a  sincere  and  earnest  Baptist 
from  his  own  honest,  intelligent  convictions,  hut 
like  all  Baptists  he  loved  with  a  true  Christian  af 
fection  those  who  love  the  image  of  his  Lord  and 
Master  of  all  denominations.  He  was  forty  years 
of  age  when  he  made  an  open  avowal  of  his  faith 
in  Christ,  but  from  the  time  of  his  public  profes 
sion  to  his  death  men  knew  where  -lames  II.  Dun 
can  was  to  be  found  when  the  question  was  asked, 
"  Is  he  or  is  he  not  on  the  Lord's  side?''  His  love 
for  his  own  church  in  Haverhill  amounted  almost 
to  a  passion.  lie  lived  for  it  and  gave  to  it.  lie 
was  sad  when  its  spiritual  life  waned.  lie  rejoiced 
when  the  signs  of  the  presence  of  the  converting 
and  sanctifying  spirit  began  to  appear.  To  his 


pastors — and  we  include  in  them  Drs.  Hill,  Train, 
Strong,  and  Bosworth — he  was  the  confiding  friend 
and  the  discreet  counselor.  ''  I  can  well  remem 
ber,''  says  Dr.  Strong,  "  how  he  used  to  drink  in 
;  the  truth  when  I  myself  preached  in  the  spirit  of 
it.  and  bow  every  such  divine  influence  seemed  to 
i  reproduce  itself  in  his  family  and  public  prayers. 
With  much  of  variation  in  his  moods,  with  many 
doubts  and  conflicts  in  his  inner  life,  it  always  gave 
strength  and  help  to  me  to  see  how  invariably  prin- 
1  ciple  and  not  feeling  ruled  him  ;  how  constant  and 
devout  was  his  attendance  on  tin1  worship  of  the 
church,  both  social  and  public;  and  how  bound  up 
he  seemed  to  be  in  all  the  interests  of  the  /inn  of 
God."  Happy  the  pastor  who  has  in  his  congre 
gation  even  but  one  such  man  of  whom  things  like 
these  can  truthfully  be  said  ! 

But  the  interest  which  Mr.  Duncan  felt  in  the 
promotion  of  the  Redeemer's  kingdom  went  beyond 
the  fhurch  of  which  he  was  a  member.  Every 
good  cause  had  in  him  a  friend.  In  this  respect  he 
resembled  his  fellow-laborer  in  "  the  kingdom  and 
patience  of  the  Lord  -Jesus, " — Gov.  Briggs.  For 
manv  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Man 
agers  of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union, 
and  for  several  years  its  chairman.  The  cause  of 
home  missions  and  ministerial  education,  and  the 
publication  of  a  sound  religious  literature,  found 
in  him  an  earnest  advocate.  Indeed,  he  gave  him 
self  with  untiring  /,eal  to  all  good  objects  by 
which  humanity  could  be  elevated  and  God  be 
glorified. 

The  writer  of  this  so  imperfect  sketch  dares  not 
trust  himself  in  any  attempt  to  lift  the  veil  which 
shades  from  the  public  eye  the  domestic  life  of  Mr. 
Duncan.  Many  times  a  recipient  of  his  hospitality, 
and  an  eye-witness  of  what  lie  was  in  the  home 
circle,  he  can  truly  say  that  nowhere  has  he  ever 
seen  anything  that  came  nearer  to  his  ideal  of 
what  the  family  life  of  a  cultivated  Christian  gen 
tleman  should  be.  Having  said  thus  much  he  need 
sav  no  more,  but  leave  the  imagination  of  the  reader 
to  fill  up  the  outlines  of  the  picture. 

Having,  reached  the  age  of  seventy-five  years,  his 
strength  not  failing  apparently,  still  fresh  and 
strong,  he  was  suddenly  smitten  with  a  malady 
which  ended  a  useful  and  well-rounded  life.  After 
a  brief  illness,  he  died  Sept.  S,  1869,  and  when  he 
passed'  to  his  home  in  the  skies  a  great  void  was 
made  in  his  family,  his  church,  and  in  the  denomi 
nation,  which  to  this  day  has  never  been  filled. 

Duncan,  L.  Alexander,  a  prominent  layman 
and  Sunday-school  worker  in  Louisiana  and  Mis 
sissippi,  residing  at  Meridian.  Miss.,  was  born  in 
New  York  City  in  1829  :  in  1847  associated  with 
his  brother.  W.  C.  Duncan.  D.D.,  in  the  publication 
of  the  Southwestern  Baptist  Chronicle  in  New  Or 
leans  ;  continued  in  1852  under  the  name  of  New 


DUXCAN 


349 


DUXKGAN 


Orleans  Baptist  Chronicle;  superintendent  of  the 
American  Tract  Society  in  the  Southwest  from 
IS;}")  to  ISO!  ;  published  Bible  Student  at  Memphis 
in  LS7S  ;  subsequently  agent  of  Ministerial  Educa 
tion  Board  of  the  Southwestern  University  ;  at  pres 
ent  engaged  in  secular  business  at  Meridian,  Miss. 

Duncan,  Rev.  Robert  Samuel,  was  born  in 

Linciiln  Co.,  Mo.,  April  '21.  1832.  His  father  was 
a  Baptist  minister.  His  mother  Avas  Miss  Harriet 
Kinnard.  They  were  natives  of  Virginia.  Mr. 
Ihincan  was  converted  at  nineteen,  and  lie  was  or 
dained  in  IS 5 5  at  Bethel  church,  lie  was  fourteen 
years  pastor  of  a  country  church,  and  a  part  of  the 
time  he  was  a  missionary  in  Bear  Creek  Association. 
In  ISli'J  he  was  appointed  district  secretary  of  the 
Southern  Board  for  Missouri  in  the  interests  of 
foreign  missions,  and  IK;  still  holds  this  position. 
He  is  the  author  of  works  entitled  "The  Primi 
tive  Baptists,"  "History  of  Sunday-Schools,"  and 
"  The  History  of  Missouri  Baptists.''  soon  to  be 
issued.  He  lives  in  Montgomery  City,  Mo.  He  is 
of  Scotch  ancestry.  He  is  one  of  the  ablest  men  in 
our  ministry  in  Missouri  ;  his  services  to  the  de 
nomination  have  been  invaluable,  and  his  writings 
should  be  read  by  all  Baptists. 

Duncan,  Samuel  White,  D.D.,  son  of  Hon. 

James  If.  Duncan,  was  born  at  Haverhill.  Mass., 
Dec.  ID,  1 838.  At  the  age  of  twelve  lie  was  con 
verted,  and  in  August,  1S."»1.  was  baptized  bv 
Rev.  A.  S.  Train.  His  preparatory  studies  were 
pursued  at  Kimball  Union  Academy  near  Dart- 
mouth  College,  X.  H.  In  |sf)t'>  lie  entered  Brown 
I  niversitv,  graduating  with  the  honor  of  the  Phil 
osophical  oration  in  lMi',1.  After  spending  a  vear 
in  travel,  he  entered  in  l^iil  Xewton  Theological 
Seminary,  but  left  in  a  little  while  to  enter  the 
V .  S.  army.  liaising  in  t\vo  weeks  a  compan  v  in  his 
native  town,  he  became  captain  in  the  fjOth  Mass. 
Regiment,  and  served  with  honor  in  the  armv  of 
Gen.  Banks,  then  commanding  the  Department  of 
the  Gulf.  Being  mustered  out  with  his  regiment, 
he  resumed  his  theological  studies  at  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary,  graduating  with  the  class  of 
1866. 

Immediately  after  his  graduation  he  was  invited 
to  supply  for  six  months  the  Erie  Street  church  of 
Cleveland.  ().  This  led  to  his  engagement  as  pas 
tor.  He  was  ordained  in  April,  1S67.  and  remained 
in  Cleveland  until  1ST.'),  when  he  became  pastor  of 
the  Xinth  Street  church,  Cincinnati.  0..  a  position 
which  with  great  acceptance  he  continues  to  hold. 
One  of  the  tangible  results  of  his  Cleveland  work 
was  the  erection  of  a  splendid  new  edifice  on  Euclid 
Avenue,  to  which  the  church  removed  and  in  which 
it  now  worships. 

Dr.  Duncan  in  1S79  was  elected  president  of  the 
Ohio  State  Convention  as  the  successor  of  Hon.  J. 
M.  Hoyt.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  con 


ferred  upon  him  by  the  University  of  Chicago  in 
1S7S.  He  is  a  fine  preacher,  an  earnest  pastor, 
and  is  thoroughly  interested  in  everything  pertain 
ing  to  the  kingdom  of  Christ. 

Duncan,  William  Cecil,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Xcw 

York  City  in  1824;  graduated  at  Columbia  College, 
1844;  graduated  at  Madison  University,  lS4li; 
went  to  Xew  Orleans  and  engaged  in  publication 
of  Southwestern  Baptist  Chronicle;  succeeded  Rev. 
I.  T.  Hinton  as  pastor  of  First  Baptist  church  ;  in 
:  IS.")!  became  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages  in 
\  the  University  of  Louisiana;  in  IS").1)  pastor  of 
Coliseum  Place  Baptist  church,  Xew  Orleans  ;  died 
in  1864.  Dr.  Duncan  is  the  author  of  a  valuable 
work  on  baptism,  and  a  translation  of  Yon  Rho- 
den's  ''John  the  Baptist,7'  besides  other  minor 
works. 

Duncan,  Col.  Wm.  II.,  was  born  and  has  al 
ways  lived  in  Barn  well  Co..  S.  C.  Having  in  early 
life  lost  his  father,  he  was  in  some  measure  thrown 
upon  his  own  resources.  He  took  a  clerkship  in 
a  store  at  Barnwell  Court-I louse,  in  which  he  be 
came  a  great  favorite.  In  the  war  he  soon  received 
a  colonel's  commission.  His  health  having  tempo 
rarily  failed,  and  heimj;  unwilling  to  keep  back 
others  from  promotion,  he  resigned.  Having  re 
covered,  his  health,  he  returned  to  the  service  as  a 
private,  and  rapidlv  rose  airain  to  his  former  rank. 

After  the  war  he  studied  law.  and  now  holds  a 
high  position  in  the  profession.  He  told  the  writer 
that  he  had  never  lost  a  case,  simply  because  he 
Would  not  take  one  till  he  was  sure  of  its  justice. 
He  then  frequently  laid  it  before  the  court  and 
submitted  it  without  argument. 

But  the  chief  trait  of  his  character  is  his  zeal  for 
Sunday-schools.  Xo  other  man  in  the  State  has 
delivered  so  many  Sunday-school  addresses.  1 1  is 
matter,  language,  and  manner  give  a  charm  to  his 
lectures  seldom  equaled.  A\  ere  there  a  layman  in 
every  county  in  the  Union  laboring  with  equal  zeal, 
the  influence  for  good  would  be  incalculable. 

Dunegan,  Rev.  Jasper,  a  prominent  minister 
in  Northwest  Arkansas,  was  born  in  Xorth  Georgia 
in  182");  removed  to  Arkansas  in  1844;  became  a 
Baptist  in  184").  and  two  years  afterwards  began  to 
preach.  By  strong  natural  abilities  he  has  acquired 
considerable  local  reputation  as  a  pulpit  orator  and 
platform  speaker.  Through  his  instrumentality 
most  of  the  churches  north  of  Boston  Mountain  in 
the  State  have  been  planted  or  strengthened;  long 
moderator  of  Bentonville  Association  ;  has  served 
several  terms  in  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State, 
both  in  the  lower  house  and  the  senate,  during  the 
most  critical  period  since  the  war.  For  a  number 
of  years  he  was  corresponding  editor  of  the  West 
ern  Baptist  for  the  northwestern  part  of  the  State, 
to  which  he  had  been  elected  \i\  several  Associa 
tions. 


350 


DUXtTER 


Dungan,  Rev.  Thomas,  A\as  born  in  Ireland, 
and  for  some  time  he  Avas  a  resident  of  Rhode 
Island,  but  in  1684,  when  advanced  in  years,  he 
came  into  Pennsylvania.  He  settled  three  miles 
north  of  Bristol,  at  ('old  Spring,  and  there  he  con 
stituted  the  first  Baptist  church  in  Pennsylvania, 
built  a  meeting-house,  and  secured  a  burial-place 
for  the  dead.  In  11)88,  Mr.  Dungan  Avas  enabled  to 
guide  Elias  Keach,  when  distressed  by  guilt,  to  the 
Saviour.  He  baptized  him,  and  he  was  sent  forth 
a  minister  of  Jesus  from  the  Cold  Spring  church. 
This  was  the  most  important  event  in  the  history 
of  Mr.  Duncan,  or  of  his  church,  as  will  be  seen  by 
a  reference  to  the  memoir  of  Mr.  Keach.  He  en 
tered  the  heavenly  rest  in  the  year  1688;  and  be 
fore  16'J2  it  is  nearly  certain  that  the  church  had 
ceased  to  exist.  In  177H  "nothing  remained  of 
the  Cold  Spring  church"  but  a  grave-yard  and  the 
names  of  families  that  belonged  to  it:  the  Dun- 
gans.  Gardeners,  Woods,  Dovles.  He  had  live  sons  : 
and  four  daughters,  whose  descendants  in  1770  i 
numbered  between  six  and  seven  hundred  persons. 
Mr.  Dungan  was  tin1  first  Baptist  minister  in  Penn 
sylvania.  He  Avas  buried  in  the  grave-yard  sur 
rounding  the  church.  Xothing  belonging  to  his 
church  edifice  or  cemetery  now  remains  to  mark  a 
spot  so  full  of  interest  to  Pennsylvania  Baptists, 
except  some  foundations  Avhich  can  be  distinctly 
traced  across  and  on  one  side  of  a  road  which  passes 
by  the  celebrated  Cold  Spring.  The  church  site 
is  two  miles  from  Tullvtown.  Bucks  County,  ami 
about  two  rods  from  the  pike  leading  to  it,  and  the 
same  distance  from  the  toll-gate  on  the  Tullvtown 
road.  Some  of  the  stones  employed  to  mark  graves 
in  the  burying-ground  are  in  possession  of  persons 
in  the  neighborhood.  The  father  of  the  celebrated 
Dr.  Benjamin  Rush  is  said  to  have  been  interred 
in  this  beautiful  ground.  Elias  Keach,  Avhom  Mr. 
Dungan  baptized,  established  the  Lower  Dublin 
church,  now  the  oldest  Baptist  community  in 
Pennsylvania. 

Dunkards. — The.  Avord  is  a  corruption  of  Tunk- 
ers,  Avhich  signifies  Dippers.  (See  G  KRAI  AX  BAP 
TISTS.) 

Dunn,  L.  A.,  D.D.,  Avas  born  in  Bakersfield.  j 
Yt,.  June  12.  1814.  In  May,  1835,  he  Avent  to 
Cambridge.  Mass.,  and  received  private  instruction 
in  various  branches.  In  May,  1838,  he  Avent  to 
New  Hamilton.  X.  II.,  and  devoted  some  attention 
to  theology  and  to  other  branches  of  education, 
under  the  direction  of  Dr.  E.  B.  Smith.  Rev.  J. 
Newton  Brown.  D.D.,  and  Prof.  Eaton.  In  1841 
he  left  New  Hampton  and  taught  in  Bakersfield, 
Yt.  In  1842  he  commenced  preaching  at  Fairfax, 
Yt.  ;  Avas  ordained  in  the  October  following,  and 
remained  pastor  of  that  church  twenty-nine  years. 
lie  received  the  deirree  of  D.D.  from  Hillsdale  Col 
lege.  Mich.  In  1X151  lie  traveled  through  Europe, 


Egypt,  and  Palestine.  On  his  return,  under  the 
direction  of  the  Christian  Commission,  he  visited 
the  army  three  times.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Yermont  Legislature, 
and  served  three  years.  In  iXfi'J  he  resigned  his 
pastorate,  having  been  elected  president  of  the  Cen 
tral  University  of  Iowa.  In  1878  he  made  a,  second 
tour  through  Europe,  Egypt,  and  Palestine,  and 
since  his  return  has  published  a  Avork  entitled 
''The  Footprints  of  the  Redeemer  in  the  Holy 
Land." 

Dunster,  President  Henry,  A\-as  born  in  Eng 
land  probably  in  1<)12.  When  about  twelve  years 
of  age  his  attention  was  lirst  called  to  the  religion 
of  Jesus.  He  was  educated  at  the  University  of 
Cambridge,  and  he  had  among  his  fellow-students 
Ralph  Cudworth.  Jeremy  Taylor,  and  John  Milton. 
He  was  no  doubt  an  Episcopal  minister  at  first,  and 
then  a  pious  Puritan,  lie  arrived  in  Boston  in 
1640. 

Four  years  previous  to  the  coming  of  Dunster 
the  General  Court  had  appropriated  four  hundred 
pounds  to  establish  a  college  at  Cambridge.  Mr. 
Dunste-r  became  president  of  this  institution  on  the 
27th  of  August.  1C.40. 

The  new  president  was  the  friend  of  God  and  of 
his  truth  -.  he  was  a  generous  contributor  to  every 
good  cause. 

He  was  distinguished  for  his  scholarly  attain 
ments  in  Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew.  In  his  day 
he  Avas  one  of  the  greatest  masters  of  the  Oriental 
laminates  throughout  the  colonies,  ami  Quincv, 
in  his  ';  History  of  Harvard  University,"  says, 
"Among  the  early  friends  of  the  college  none  de 
serves  more  distinct  notice  than  Ilenrv  Dunster. 
He  united  in  himself  the  character  of  both  patron 
and  president  ;  for.  poor  as  he  Avas,  he  contributed 
at  a  time  of  the  utmost  need  one  hundred  acres  of 
land  toAvards  its  support,  besides  rendering  it  for  a 
succession  of  years  a  series  of  official  services  Avell 
directed,  unwearied,  and  altogether  inestimable. 
The  charter  of  1C>42  Avas  probably,  and  that  of  1650 
was  avoAvedlv.  obtained  on  his  petition.  By  solici 
tations  among  his  friends  and  by  personal  sacrifices 
he  built  the  president's  house.  He  was  instant  in 
season  and  out  of  season  with  the  General  Court 
for  the  relief  of  the  college  in  its  extreme  Avatit.'' 
But  Dunster  Avas  powerfully  affected  by  the  impris 
onment  of  Messrs.  Clarke.  Holmes,  and  Crandal 
at  Boston  for  worshiping  God  as  Baptists  without 
leave  from  the  ruling  poAvers  ;  and  after  a  full  ex 
amination  of  the  baptismal  question,  the  first  pres 
ident  of  Harvard,  a  man  of  extraordinary  learning, 
became  a  Baptist,  and  like  a  Christian  man,  de 
spising  financial  losses  and  stripes  and  imprison 
ment,  he  boldly  preached  against  infant  sprinkling 
in  the  church  at  Cambridge,  to  the  great  indigna 
tion  of  its  friends  there  and  elsewhere.  This  sealed 


DURFEE 


DURFEE 


his  career  as  president  of  Harvard.  His  years  of 
service,  marked  by  a  success  that  created  astonish 
ment  and  gratitude,  were  quickly  forgotten  when, 
as  Cotton  Mather  said,  "  he  fell  into  the  briers  of 
anti-pedobaptism." 

Quincy  says,  "  Indicted  by  the  grand  jury  for 
disturbing  the  ordinance  of  infant  baptism  in  the 
Cambridge  church,  sentenced  to  a  public  admoni 
tion,  and  laid  under  bonds  for  good  behavior,  Dun- 
ster's  martyrdom  was  consummated  by  being  com 
pelled  to  resign  his  office  of  president.''  "  lie 
found  the  seminary  a  school,  it  rose  under  his  au 
spices  to  the  dignity  of  a  college.  Xo  man  ever 
questioned  his  talents,  learning,  exemplary  fidelity, 
and  usefulness/'  Dunster  deserves  all  this  from 
the  historian  of  Harvard.  He  was  as  noble  a  ser 
vant  as  ever  followed  Christ  in  times  when  truth 
demanded  painful  sacrifices.  It  is  singular  that 
such  a  man  should  become  a  Baptist.  .Brought  up 
under  other  influences,  having  everything  earthly 
to  lose  ami  nothing  to  gain,  a  profound  scholar 
capable  of  weighing  the  merits  of  the  controversy, 
nothing  but  the  force  of  truth  can  account  for  his 
adoption  of  our  sentiments.  Like  Alexander  Car 
son,  Adnniram  Judson,  Baptist  W.  Noel,  and  many 
others  of  culture  and  intellect,  a  tender  conscience! 
and  the  power  of  truth  alone  can  account  for  the 
change.  He  died  Feb.  27,  10.V.),  ;md  entered  into 
that  world  where  both  the  wicked  and  the  godly 
cease  from  troubling  and  the  weary  are  at  rest. 

Durfee,  Job,  Chief  Justice,  was  elected  a  mem 
ber  of  the  corporation  of  Brown  University  to  fill 
a  Baptist  vacancy.  As  the  charter  requires  that 
persons  so  elected  shall  be  Baptists,  we  take  it  for 
granted  that  he  was  a  Baptist  in  sentiment.  He 
was  born  in  Tiverton.  R.  I.,  Sept.  20.  1790.  His 
early  days  were  spent  upon  his  father's  farm. 
When  but  quite  a  youth  he  began  to  develop  those 
mental  powers  which  afterwards  gained  him  so 
much  distinction  in  his  native  State.  He  entered 
Brown  University  in  ISO'.).  Dr.  Messer  was  presi 
dent  of  the  college  at  the  time.  It  is  an  indication 
of  the  position  he  held,  that  near  the  close  of  his 
college  course  Mr.  Durfee  prepared  ami  delivered 
a  Fourth  of  .July  oration  to  his  fellow-citizens, 
which  was  so  well  received  that  a  copy  was  re 
quested  for  publication.  He  graduated  among  the 
foremost  scholars  of  his  class,  "  respected,"  says 
his  son,  "among  his  classmates  for  his  vigorous 
powers  of  reason  and  imagination.7' 

Mr.  Durfee  studied  law,  at  the  same  time  de 
voting  himself  to  literary  pursuits  and  cultivating 
his  talent  for  poetry.  lie  represented  his  native 
place  in  the  State  Legislature  for  six  years,  where 
he  soon  took  the  high  position  to  which  his  abilities 
entitled  him  as  an  able  debater  and  an  accomplished 
legislator.  From  the  representation  of  his  State  at 
home  he  passed  to  the  House  of  Representatives 


at  Washington,  where  he  acquitted  himself  with 
distinction,  lie  seems,  however,  to  have  become 
disgusted  with  Congressional  life.  At  any  rate,  he 
would,  with  the  independence  of  a  citizen  of  the 
State  of  Rhode  Island,  whose  best  legacy  was  the 
spirit  and  honest  freedom  of  its  distinguished 
founder,  speak  out  his  own  mind.  Unfortunately, 
perhaps  he  may  have  thought  fortunately  for  him 
self,  his  sentiments  did  not  quite  please  his  con 
stituents,  and  he  was  defeated  in  the  attempt  to 
re-elect  him.  It  was  a  relief  from  the  excitements 
of  political  life  to  retire  to  hisquiet  farm,  and  amid 
the  graver  pursuits  to  which  his  attention  was  di 
rected  to  woo  his  muse  and  indulge  his  poetic 
fancies,  to  the  amusement  and  delight  of  his  ad 
miring  friends.  It  was  at  this  period  of  life  that 
he  laid  the  plan,  and  in  due  time  carried  it  into  ex 
ecution,  of  writing  a  poem  which  should  rehearse 
the  fortunes  of  Roger  Williams,  for  whose  character 
he  had  the  most  profound  regard.  When  the  poem, 
to  which  he  gave  the  title'' What  Cheer?''  was 
completed,  his  modesty  led  him  to  conclude  that  it 
was  not  worthy  of  publication,  "but."'  as  his  biog 
rapher  remarks,  ''some  lurking  vanity  of  author 
ship — the  hope  to  contribute  'something  to  the 
permanence  of  a  genuine  Rhode  Island  feeling' — 
or  the  praises  of  his  friends  overcame  his  modesty, 
and  in  1832  a  small  edition  was  published  by  sub 
scription.''  Its  reception  at  home  was  anything 
but  flattering  to  its  author,  but  its  merits  were 
heartily  recognized  abroad,  and  that  prince  of  re 
viewers.  -John  Foster,  was  lavish  in  his  praise  of 
the  production  of  the  Rhode  Island  poet. 

Mr.  Durfee  was  appointed  associate  justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  State  in  1S;>3,  and  two  years 
after  was  made  chief  justice.  It  was  while  lie  was 
on  the  bench  that  Rhode  Island  passed  through  one 
of  the  great  crises  of  its  history.  We  refer  to  what 
is  known  as  the  ''Dorr  Rebellion."  Judge  Durfee 
wa.s  the  firm  friend  of  what  he  believed  to  be  "  law 
and  order."  He  found  time  amid  the  pressure  of 
fit  her  duties  to  prepare  several  valuable  works, 
which  were  published.  While  engaged  in  his  pro 
fessional  and  literary  work  he  was  smitten  down 
with  disease,  which  ended  his  life  July  20.  1847. 

Durfee,  Hon.  Thomas,  eldest  son  of. Judge  Job 

Durfee,  was  born  in  Tiverton,  R.  I.,  Feb.  0.  1826, 
and  was  a  graduate  of  Brown  University  in  the 
class  of  1840.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1848, 
and  in  1849  was  appointed  reporter  of  the  decisions 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Rhode  Island,  which  office 
he  held  for  four  years.  From  1854  to  1800,  he 
served  in  the  court  of  magistrates  of  the  city  of 
Providence,  being  for  five  years  of  this  time  the 
presiding  magistrate.  lie  was  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  in  1X03  and  18(54.  In  1805  he 
was  chosen  a  State  senator,  and  in  June  of  this 
year  was  elected  associate  judge  of  the  Supreme 


DURHAM 

Court  of  the  State,  which  office  he  held  until  Jan 
uary  28,  1ST"),  when  he  \vas  chosen  chief  justice, 
which  position  he  now  (1880)  holds.  Judge  Dur- 
fec.  liesides  liis  valuable  reports,  has  prepared 
jointlv  with  .Joseph  Iv.  Angell.  Est|..  a  treatise  on 
the  law  of  highways,  which  was  published  in  1857. 


IIOX.    THOMAS    nriUTK. 

In  1872  lie  published  a  volume  of  poems.  Tie  is  a, 
member  of  the  corporation  of  Brown  University, 
of  which  he  was  chusen  the  chancellor  in  1*71*.  on 
the  decease  of  the  late  Hon.  15.  F.  Thomas.  Judge 
Dnrfee  is  a  regular  attendant  upon  the  worship  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  and  identities  himself 
with  the  interests  of  that  society. 

Durham,  Rev.  C.,  was  Ixn-ii  in  Rutherford  <'o., 
X.  ('..  April  28,  1844.  His  mother  was  the  sister 
of  ex-Gov.  Baxter,  of  Arkansas,  and  .Judge  John 
.Baxter,  of  Tennessee.  ,Mr.  Durham  was  baptized 
in  September,  ISi'iO;  entered  the  armv  in  April. 
1SG1  ;  was  wounded  four  times;  though  but  a  boy. 
was  blessed  in  conducting  prayer-meetings  in  the 
army  ;  was  received  by  the  Board  of  Education  as 
a  student  at  Wake  Forest  in  lSt'i7  :  graduated  in 
1S71  :  was  pastor  in  Goldsborough  from  August. 
1.871.  to  January,  187t>.  during  which  time  the 
membership  of  the  church  more  than  doubled,  an 
old  debt  was  paid,  and  a  pastor's  study  and  par 
sonage  were  built  :  settled  in  Durham  in  1S7('», 
•\vhere  by  his  labors  the  church  has  been  greatly 
strengthened,  a  new  and  beautiful  house  of  worship 
has  been  built,  also  a  parsonage.  Mr.  Durham  has 
preached  in  twenty-five  counties  in  Xorth  Carolina 
and  three  in  South  Carolina,  and  has  baptized  over 


2  ])l'    VKIL 

300  persons.     lie  is  a  trustee  of  Wake  Forest  Col 
lege. 

Dutch  Baptists  in  England.— About  the  seven 
teenth  year  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth  a  con 
gregation  of  Dutch  Baptists  was  found,  without 
Aid  irate,  in  .London,  twenty-seven  of  whom  wen; 
cast  into  prison,  and  two  of  them  were  given  to  the 
flames.  Fox,  the  author  of  the  "  Book  of  Mar 
tyrs.''  made  an  earnest  appeal  to  Queen  Elizabeth 
for  these  humble  and  harmie.-s  servants  of  the  Sa 
viour,  but  her  majesty  would  not  listen  to  the  voice 
of  mercy.  This  wicked  event  occurred  in  lf)7.>. 

Duval,  Edmund  Hillyer,  was  born  in  London 
in  ISUf);  converted  young,  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
•I.  Howard  Ilinton  ;  was  teacher  and  inspector  of 
schools  in  England:  came  to  \c\v  Brunswick  in 
1847:  and  as  principal  of  the  Normal  School  of  St. 
John,  and  inspector  of  schools.  Mr.  Duval  served  the 
cause  of  education  in  Xcw  Brunswick  well  for  thirty 
years. 

Du  Veil,  Charles  M.,  D.D.,  was  trained  from 
childhood  in  the  Hebrew  faith,  liis  parents  were 
evidently  persons  of  intelligence  and  of  ample 
financial  resources,  since  they  gave  their  son  a 
thorough  education. 

Dn  Veil  had  a  special  taste  for  investigating 
every  subject  brought  to  his  attention.  It  made  no 
difference  to  him  what  others  thought,  even  though 
they  had  been  famous  for  learning,  and  united  to 
him  by  the  tenderest  ties,  he  must  examine  every 
thing  for  himself.  A  careful  study  of  the  prophets 
convinced  him  that  .Jesus  was  tin;  Messiah  ;  and 
with  great  independence  of  character  lie  avowed 
himself  a  Christian.  His  father,  whose  hopes  were 
so  unexpectedly  blighted,  and  whose  heart  was  so 
deeply  wounded,  as  he  discovered  the  situation, 
seized  a  sword,  and,  if  friends  had  not  interfered, 
would  have  slain  his  son. 

The  form  of  Christianity  which  he  embraced  was 
the  Roman  <  'atholic.  lie  was  doubtless  surrounded 
by  nominal  and  earnest  members  of  that  apostate 
community.  His  literary  attainments  were  so  re 
markable  and  his  mental  powers  so  great,  that  he 
was  soon  regarded  with  general  favor  as  a  popular 
preacher  in  the  French  Church.  The  University  of 
Anjou  gave  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity, 
and  appointed  him  Professor  of  Theology.  The 
publication  of  his  commentary  on  Matthew  and 
Mark,  in  which,  with  great  ingenuity,  he  defended 
the  doirmas  of  Romanism,  gave  him  the  character 
of  an  able  controversialist :  and  soon  his  belligerent 
talents  were  summoned  into  service  against  the 
Huguenots,  then  the  chief  friends  of  God,  and  the 
worst  foes  of  Romanism,  in  France  :  but  as  he  care 
fully  examined  the  writings  of  the  French  Protest 
ants  he  found  that  the  truth  was  entirely  on  their 
side  :  and  as  it  was  his  sovereign  he  immediately 
yielded  to  its  precious  sceptre.  lie  fled  to  Holland 


DU  VEIL 


353 


to  avoid  persecution,  and  there  abjured  the  heresies 
of  the  frail  "scarlet  lady''  of  the  seven  hills. 

He  came  to  England  in  search  of  truth,  anil  a 
home;  and  in  that  country  he  became  a  favorite 
with  some  of  the  first  men  in  the  Episcopal  Church, 
Stillingfleet,  Tillotson,  Patrick  (Dean  of  Peter 
borough).  Lloyd  (Bishop  of  St.  Asaph's).  and 
Compton  (Bishop  of  London).  lie  was  ordained 
an  Episcopal  clergyman,  and  became  the  domestic 
chaplain  of  an  English  nobleman. 

He  rcpublishcd  his  commentary  on  Matthew 
and  Mark  in  England  in  Io70,  extensively  revised 
and  corrected.  In  1671'  he  issued  his  "  Literal 
Explication  of  Solomon's  Son:;;."  This  effort  was 
highly  appreciated  by  the  English  clergy,  and  by 
the  Protestants  on  the  Continent.  In  loSO  lie 
published  a  "  Literal  Exposition  of  the  Minor 
Prophets,"  dedicated  fc>  Lord  lleneau'e  Finch,  the 
lord  chancellor.  The  Bishop  of  London  was  so 
delighted  with  this  work  that  he  gave  him  the 
privilege  of  usinu;  his  splendid  library  as  freely  as 
if  it  were  his  own.  In  that  literary  treasury  Du 
Veil  became  acquainted  with  the  works  of  the  Enii'- 
lisli  Baptists,  and  speedily  (bund  that  the  Bible 
contained  their  doctrines  :  and  that,  notwithstand 
ing  the  luss  whicli  the  avowal  would  inflict  upon 
him.  he  must  proclaim  himself  a  Baptist.  A  young 
woman  in  the  service  of  the  Bishop  of  London  held 
Baptist  principles,  for  which  she  was  frei|iicntly 
annoyed  by  her  companions  ;  she  discovered  Du 
Veil's  Baptist  tendencies,  and  procured  for  him  an 
interview  with  llanserd  Knollvs,  and  subsequently 
with  .John  Gosnold  :  and  by  Mr.  Gosnold  he  was 
baptized.  This  act  cost  him  all  his  Episcopal 
friends  except  Tillotson,  the  future  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury. 

Some  time  afterwards  he  gave  to  the  world  "  A 
Literal  Explanation  of  the  Acts  of  the  Holy 
Apostles."  It  was  published  in  London  in  ItiSf). 
In  it  he  defends  his  new  opinions  with  signal 
ability.  It  is  the  most  valuable  of  his  works.  The 
celebrated  French  Protestant  minister,  Claude, 
for  years  Professor  of  Theology  in  the  College  of 
Nismes.  whose  reputation  is  still  dear  to  all  French 
Protestants,  and  to  all  sermonizers  in  England 
and  America,  whose  knowledge  of  his  writings 
only  extends  to  his  "  Essay  on  the  Composition  of 
a  Sermon,"  in  a  letter  to  Or.  Ou  Veil,  says. — 

"I  have  perused  your  Commentary,  though  it 
came  but  lately  to  my  hands,  and  I  have  found  in 
it.  as  in  all  your  other  works,  the  marks  of  copious 
reading,  abundance  of  sense,  right  reason,  and  a 
just  and  exact  understanding:  and  I  do  not  doubt 
but  that  the  Commentary  will  be  kindly  received 
by  the  learned,  arid  prove  very  useful  to  all  those 
who  apply  themselves  to  understand  the  Scrip 
tures."  Claude  was  a  Pedobaptist. 

Du    Veil    was    familiar    with    all    Jewish    and 


Christian  learning;  and  his  departure  from  the 
Church  of  England  and  adoption  of  our  sentiments 
and  people,  at  a  period  when  the  Baptists  were  op 
pressed  by  the  bitter  hatred  of  James  II.,  of  the 
whole  Episcopal  establishment,  and  of  nearly  all 
English  Pedobaptists.  is  a  remarkable  testimony  to 
his  conscientiousness,  and  to  the  truth  of  our  doc 
trines. 

Dwelle,  Rev.  George  W.,  one  of  the  most  use 
ful  and  prominent  among  the  colored  Baptists  of 
Georgia,  resides  in  Americus,  and  has  charge  of 
Shady  Grove  (colored)  Baptist  church,  in  Sumter 
County,  and.  also,  of  the  Eureka  (colored)  Baptist 
church,  at  Albany,  lie  stands  high  among  his 
brethren,  who  repose  great  confidence  in  him.  lie 
is  the  clerk  of  the  Ebene/.er  (colored)  Baptist  Asso 
ciation,  and  of  the  Missionary  Baptist  Convention 
of  Georgia,  having  held  each  position  since  the  or- 
u'ani/.ation  of  those  bodies,  in  which  he  himself 
took  a  leading  part.  Under  the  appointment  of 
this  Convention  he  acted  as  an  agent  in  collecting 
funds  (br  the  college  building  in  Atlanta,  and  also 
as  a  State  missionary.  He  was  born  in  Augusta  in 
IS.'!;;,  and  was  converted  in  lS.">f>.  He  joined  the 
Springfield  (colored)  Baptist  church  at  Augusta  in 
iSfjG,  and  immediately,  with  great  decision,  entered 
upon  religious  duties;  was  in  turn  made  superin 
tendent  of  the  Sunday-school  and  deacon  of  the 
church:  was  licensed  to  preach  in  iST'i,  and  or 
dained  in  1S74.  He  has  always  been  a  steady 
worker  in  the  church  and  Sunday-school  ;  has 
strongly  favored  missions  and  education,  and  stands 
high  in  the  estimation  of  both  races,  among  the 
Baptists  of  Georgia,  as  a  good  preacher  and  a.  man 
of  fine  character. 

Dye,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  born  in  Johnstown, 
Montgomery  Co.,  X.  V.  He  was  converted  in 
1S23,  and  at  once  began  to  exhort  men  to  repent 
ance.  In  1S-J4  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  or 
dained  in  1S31  to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  Elder 
John  Smitzer  preached  the  sermon  and  Elder  John 
Peck  made  the  consecrating  praver.  Mr.  Dye  has 
devoted  bis  life  to  itinerant  and  pioneer  labor  al 
most  exclusively.  In  the  State  of  New  York  he 
labored  at  sixteen  different  places,  either  gathering 
churches  or  strengthening  the  feeble  flock  of  God. 
Frequent  revivals  attended  his  ministry.  In  1844 
the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  sent 
him  as  its  missionary  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  and 
Hock  Island.  111.  The  following  year  he  entered 
the  Territory  of  Wisconsin.  lie  labored  at  Prairie- 
ville  (now  AVaukesha).  Raymond.  East  Troy,  Da- 
rien,  Walworth,  and  other  places,  confining  his 
efforts  mostly  to  AValworth  and  Racine  Counties. 
He  is  eighty-one  years  old.  and  preaches  still  when 
called  upon.  During  his  ministry  of  over  fifty  years 
he  has  preached  GOOO  times,  bapti/ed  400  persons, 
attended  GOO  funerals,  and  married  400  couples. 


/)  YKR 


I)  YKK 


Dyer,  Rev.  A.  Nichols,  was  horn  in  K;ist 
Greenwich,  II.  I.,  May  1.  ISO:) ;  was  converted 
when  very  young  :  graduated  at  Hamilton  in  1S2!)  ; 
founded  tin;  church  in  Harrisburg.  I'a..  in  IS.'JO; 
was  pastor  of  lloxborough  in  18-32;  organized  the 
clinrch  at  Chestnut  Hill;  in  18o~  was  pastor  in 
Phocnixville  ;  aided  in  the  formation  of  churches  in 
Kast,  Xantnieal,  Caernarvon,  and  West  Calm,  and 
afterwards  was  pastor  of  tho  former  two  ;  then  of 
the  Bethesdaand  Danville  churches.  lie  died  in 
Philadelphia.  Nov.  C,.  ISiVT. 

Dyer,  Rev.  Sidney,  Ph.D.,  was  hum  at  White 

Creek.  Washington  Co..  \.  Y.,  in  IS  14.  lie  joined 
the  army  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  of  iSol.  and  was 
sent  to  light  the  Indians.  He  continued  in  military 
life  for  ahout  ten  years,  and  rose  to  a  position  both 
pleasant  and  lucrative.  "But  his  desire  to  preach 
grew  so  overpowering  that  at  twenty-two  years  of 
aii'o  he  entered  upon  a  course  of  stndv  under  the 
direction  of  Rev.  Charles  (i.  Sommers,  D.D.,  then 
pastor  of  the  South  Baptist  church.  Xew  York.  He 
was  ordained  in  1842,  and  preached  first  in  a  church 
near  his  former  residence  at  Brownsville,  and  after 
ward  as  a  missionary  am  on  g  the  Choctaws.  Sub 
sequently  he  occupied  the  office  of  secretary  of  the 
Indian  Mission  Board  at  Louisville,  K'y.  In  1S.">2 
he  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Indianapolis, 
and  in  1S59  was  chosen  district  .secretary  of  tho 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society  at  Philadel 
phia,  lie  still  remains  in  the  service  of  the  society, 
and  continues  with  remarkable  vigor  his  labors  as 
preacher,  author,  and  poet.  lie  nveivod  the  de 
gree  of  A.M.  from  Indiana  State  University,  and 
that  of  Ph.D.  from  the  University  at  Lewi.sburg, 
Pa.  His  earlier  contributions  to  poetry  appeared 
in  various  literary  journals,  and  were  subsequently 
published  in  a  volume  entitled  "  Voices  of  Nature." 
Some  of  his  verses  embody  very  tender  reminis 
cences  of  his  early  life  and  fellowships,  lie  has 
also  published  "  Dyer's  Psalmist,''  "  Winter's  Even 
ing  Entertainment,"  occasional  sermons,  and  a 
numerous  collection  of  sonirs,  and  ballads.  Some 


of  his  sacred  verses  will  doubtless  occupy  a  per 
manent  place  in  the  sin-vices  of  the  sanctuary. 
More  recently  he  has  contributed  a  charming  and 
invaluable  series  of  books  for  voting  people,  among 
which  may  be  mentioned  "Great  Wonders  in  Lit 
tle  Things,''  "Home  and  Abroad.''  "Black  Dia 
monds,"  "Boys  and  Birds,"  "Hoofs  and  Claws." 
"  Ocean  Gardens,"  and  "  Elmdale  Lyceum."  These 
volumes  evidence  tin;  author's  wonderful  tact  and 
clearness  in  leading  the  mind  through  a  knowledge 
of  nature  to  the  contemplation  of  nature's  God. 

His  daughter.  Mrs.  Mattie  Dyer  Britts.  is  also 
widely  known  as  a  writer  of  marked  ability.  She 
has  already  published  several  juvenile  volumes, 
and  is  a  contributor  to  a  number  of  literary  and 
religious  journals. 

Dyke,  Daniel,  M.A.,  was  born  at  Epping.  Es 
sex,  about  1'il 7.  He  was  educated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Cambridge.  After  receiving  episcopal  or 
dination  In;  was  appointed  to  the  living  of  Great 
Haddam,  Hertfordshire,  worth  about  -CoOO  per 
annum.  He  soon  became  noted  as  a  man  of  great 
learning  and  deep  pietv.  and  speedily  was  invested 
with  a  very  extensive  influence.  He  w^is  appointed 
bv  Cromwell  in  16")o  one  of  the  Triers  for  the  ex 
amination  and  admission  of  godly  ministers  into 
the  national  church.  Tho  Lord  Protector  also 
made  him  one  of  his  chaplains.  When  Cromwell 
ordered  a  collection  to  bo  taken  up  in  all  the  parish 
churches  in  England  for  the  persecuted  Waldenses, 
Mr.  Dyke's  name,  with  many  others,  appeared  in 
the  proclamation  as  commending  the  object.  Crom 
well  himself  gave  £2000  on  tho  occasion.  Before 
the  Act  of  Uniformity  was  passed,  Mr.  Dyke  with 
drew  all  his  services  from  the  national  church,  and 
preached  wherever  ho  had  an  opportunity  until  the 
year  1  of>S.  when  ho  was  appointed  co-pastor  with 
the  celebrated  William  Kifiin.  lie  retained  this 
position  for  twenty  years,  when  he  entered  upon 
his  eternal  rest,  in  the  seventieth  year  of  his  age. 

He  was  a  man  of  great  attainments,  of  extreme 
modesty,  and  of  marked  usefulness. 


E  ACHES 


355 


EARLY 


E. 


Eaches,  Rev.  Owen  P.,  was  born  at  Phoenix- 
vine,  Pa.,  Dec.  11,  1840;  baptized  Feb.  20,  1853; 
graduated  at  Lewisburg  University  in  1863,  and 
from  the  theological  department  two  years  later. 
lie  taught  in  the  university  in  18C>5-<>0 :  was  or 
dained  at  Nicetown,  Philadelphia.  October,  1800; 
became  pastor  of  the  old  church  at  Ilightstown, 
N.  J.,  June  1,  1870.  Here  his  labors  have  been 
very  successful  in  building  up  the  church  and  in 
the  conversion  of  souls.  His  influence  is  largely 
felt  in  the  affairs  of  Peddie  Institute.  He  has  been 
for  a  long  time  secretary  of  the  board  governing 
that  academy,  and  when  Dr.  Fish  resigned  the  sec 
retaryship  of  the  Xe\v  Jersey  Baptist  Education 
Society,  in  187-'!,  Mr.  Eaches  was  elected  to  that 
position,  and  still  holds  it.  He  is  a  close  student, 
an  active  pastor,  and  a  frequent  contributor  to  the 
periodicals. 

Eager,  Rev.  E.  C.,  pastor  at  Brookhaven,  Miss., 
was  born  in  Vermont  in  1813  :  graduated  at  Mad 
ison  University.  N.  Y..  in  1841  ;  began  his  minis 
terial  labors  as  a  missionary  at  Memphis,  Tenn..  in 
1842.  Here  he  gathered  about  forty  Baptists  and 
preached  to  them  three  mouths  ;  then  he  removed 
to  ( i  ranada.  Miss.  He  filled  several  other  pastorates 
in  the  State,  then  accepted  an  agency  of  the  South 
ern  Baptist.  Publication  Society.  Charleston,  S.  €., 
in  which  he  developed  rare  qualifications  for  raising 
money  for  benevolent  uses  ;  as  an  agent  of  Missis 
sippi  College  lie  obtained  one  hundred  and  twenty 
thousand  dollars  ;  was  the  successful  agent  of  the 
Bible  Revision  Association  up  to  ihe  war  ;  after  tin; 
Avar  he  again  became  agent  of  Mississippi  College 
and  the  Domestic  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  • 
Baptist  (.'(invention  until  he  settled  in  his  present 
pastorate. 

Eagle,   Rev.   J.    P.,    a   prominent    minister   at 
Lonoke,   Ark.,  was   born   in    Maury  Co.,  Tenn.,  in  ; 
1837,  but  he  was  reared   in   that  part  of  Arkansas 
when1  he  has  since  labored  ;   was  a  lieutenant-col 
onel    in    the   Confederate  army  ;  since  the  war  has 
served  a  number  of  terms  in  the  State  Legislature; 
began  to  preach  in  1808.  and   has  since  supplied  a| 
number  of  churches  in  his  region.     Being  a  wealthy  ' 
planter,    he   has   preached   without   charge    to   his 
churches,    but   inculcates    the   duty    of  ministerial  • 
support   and   contributes  largely  to  the  cause.     In 
a  recent  political   State  Convention,  without  being, 
a  candidate,  he  received  a  respectable  vote  for  gov 
ernor. 


Earle,  Rev.  T.  J.— This  most  estimable  brother 
was  born  in  Spartanburg  Co.,  S.  C.,  Dec.  23,  1824; 
baptized  in  1845  by  Rev.  J.  G.  Landrum,  and  or 
dained  in  1852.  He  took  his  literary  and  his  theo- 


RF.V.  T.  .1.  KAI;I,E. 

logical  course  in  Mercer  University.  He  was  four 
years  pastor  at  Pendleton,  S.  C.,  and  left  the  church 
in  a  highly  prosperous  condition,  lie  then  settled 
in  Gowensville.  Glennville  Co.,  S.  C..  where  he  has 
preached  about  twenty-four  years,  twenty-four  at 
Holly  Spring,  and  eighteen  at  Millbrd.  lie  has 
taught  for  many  years  as  principal  of  the  Gowens 
ville  Seminary.  lie  has  baptized  an  unusual  num 
ber  of  pupils,  and  many  have  been  baptized  by 
others.  His  countenance  is  a  true  index  of  his 
noble  soul.  Modesty  is  the  crown  of  all  his  virtues. 
When  the  writer  proposed  to  try  to  get  him  the 
title  of  D.D.  he  peremptorily  refused.  lie  is  an 
accomplished  scholar,  a  fine  preacher,  and  one  of 
the  most  perfect  Christian  gentlemen  the  writer 
has  ever  known. 

Early,  Rev.  M.  D.,  pastor  at  Dardanelles,  Ark., 
was  born  in  Georgia  in  1840,  but  was  reared  in 
Clarke  Co.,  Ark.,  whither  his  father  removed  in 
1858  ;  began  to  preach  in  1870,  and  served  a  number 


356 


of  churches  in  tin1  region  of  his  home  until  1875, 
when  he  \va>  called  to  Hope.  Hampstead  County, 
where  lie  did  a  nolilo  work.  In  1S77  lie  \vas  culled 
to  the  Third  Street  church.  Little  Hock.  AVith 
this  feeble  interest  he  labored  successfully  two 
years,  und  then  removed  to  his  present  important 
field.  -Mr.  Marly  is  an  acceptable  preacher,  and  one 
of  the  rising  young  men  of  tin1  Stare. 

Eason,  Rev.  F.  W.,  \v:is  born  in  Charleston, 
S.  ('..  Oct.  .">!,  18:17;  bapti/ed  December,  1858,  by 
Dr.  Basil  Manlv.  Sr.  :  entered  the  army  April,  18(11  ; 
surrendered  under  (Jen.  J.  K.  •lohn.-ton  at  High 
Point.  -\.  C.,  May  15.  18(15;  was  captain  of  in 
fant  rv.  and  afterwards  of  artillery  :  was  a  merchant 
after  the  war;  was  called  to  ordination  by  Darling 
ton  church  in  1SI'>7.  Drs.  -T.  0.  B.  Dargan.  Richard 
Fiirman.  and  Geo.  Bealer  forming  the  presbytery. 
After  seven  years'  service  as  pastor  in  Darling 
ton,  S.  C..  went  to  the  theological  seminary  in 
Greenville,  S.  C..  taking  the  full  cour.-c.  .Air. 
Ea<on  has  served  the  i'ayetteville  church.  X.  C.. 
and  is  now  pastor  in  Newbeni'1.  He  was  educated 
at  Charle-ton  College.  S.  C.  lie  has  a  fine  literary 
taste,  and  he  is  popular  us  a  preacher,  pastor,  und 
lecturer. 

East  Alabama  Female  College,  located  at 

Tuskegee,  was  founded  by  the  Tuskegee  Association 
in  1850.  The  buildings  were  of  the  most  beautiful 
and  modern  style,  and  cost  not  less  than  sixty 
thousand  dollars.  It  had  a  brilliant  career  of 
twenty  years.  Dr.  Bacon,  (ien.  AV.  E.  Perry.  Rev. 
A.  -I.  Battle.  D.D..  Rev.  10.  B.  Teugue.  D.D..  and 
Prof.  M.  II.  Uawlings.  A.M..  were  presidents  of 
this  institution.  By  accident  or  by  incendiary  it 
was  burned  in  1870,  and  so  ended  its  history. 

Eastin,  Rev.  AllgUStine,  a  brilliant  preacher 
of  the  last  century,  was  one  of  the  first  converts  to 
Baptist  principles  in  Gothland  Co.,  A  a.  lie 
soon  become  a  zealous  minister,  and  was  incarcer 
ated  in  Chesterfield  jail  for  preaching  contrary  to 
law.  lie  moved  to  Kentucky  in  1784,  and  was  one 
of  the  constituents  of  Bryant's  church,  in  Fuyette 
County.  Afterwards  he  moved  to  Bourbon  County, 
where  he  formed  Cowper's  Run  church,  in  1807. 
lie  appears  to  have  been  popular  and  useful  till 
he  became  an  Arian,  and  was  cut  oflf  from  the  Bap 
tists.  He  maintained  a  good  moral  character  to 
the  end  of  life. 

East  Troy,  a  village  of  AValworth  County.  It 
was  here  that  the  \Visconsiu  Baptist  State  Conven 
tion  was  organized  in  1S4(1.  and  where  Conrad, 
Delaney,  and  Miner  toiled  with  great  self-denial 
but  unfaltering  loyalty  to  Christ  in  the  early  his 
tory  of  the  State. 

Eastwood,  Rev.  Thomas  Midgely,  was  born 

at  Manayunk,  Pa.,  May  11,  1848.  lie  was  bap 
tized  by  Kev.  Miller  Jones,  at  Bridgeport,  Pa.,  in 
March,  18G3,  und  was  received  into  the  member 


ship  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  that  place.  He 
was  educated  at  the  University  of  Lewisburg  and  at 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary.  He  graduated  at 
Lewisburg  in  June,  1872.  and  at  Crozer  Theologi 
cal  Seminary  in  May.  1>74.  His  ministry  began 
with  the  First  Baptist  church.  Wilmington,  Del., 
May  1.  1S74.  and  he  was  ordained  in  June  of  the 
same  vear.  The  chairman  o(  the  council  of  ordi 
nation  was  Rev.  James  Trickett.  and  the  clerk  Rev. 
AV.  K.  McNeil:  Rev.  J.  M.  Pendleton.  D.D..  Rev. 
George  W.  Anderson.  D.D.,  Ilev.  George  A\  .  Fol- 
well,  Rev.  K.  AV.  Dickinson.  D.D.,  and  Rev.  Miller 
Jones  participated  in  the  exercises  of  ordination. 
During  his  ministry  at  Wilmington  he  has  organ 
ized  the  Shiloh  Baptist  church,  the  first  colored 
Baptist  congregation  in  the  State  of  Delaware,  lie 
ussi.-ted  in  the  formation  of  the  Delaware  Baptist 
Missionary  Union,  which  was  organized  September, 
1S74.  and  was  its  fir.-t  secretary,  lie  has  also  been 
actively  engaged  in  furthering  the  interests  of  the 
Delaware  Baptist  Union.  IleAvas  its  first  presi 
dent,  and  has  been  three  times  elected  to  the  office. 
At  present  he  is  pastor  of  the  Bethany  Baptist 
church,  which  is  the  outgrowth  of  a  union  of  the 
Elm  Street  with  the  First  Baptist  church,  effected 
in  lS7i'i.  He  has  thus  had  at  present  writing  a 
continuous  pastorate  of  six  years. 

Eaton,   Geo.  W.,  D.D.,   LL.D.,  was  born  at 

Henderson.  Iluntington  Co..  Pa..  July  3.  1804: 
family  removed  to  Ohio  in  1S05  :  entered.  1S22, 
Ohio  University,  at  Athens,  and  remained  two 
years;  from  1824  to  18:27  was  engaged  in  teach 
ing  in  Prince  Edward  Co..  A'a.  ;  in  18:27  en 
tered  junior  class  at  Union  College,  Scheneetudy, 
und  AVUS  graduated  in  IS'J'J:  in  l,v">0was  elected 
tutor  in  the  academy  at  Belleville.  X.  Y.  :  from 
1>31  to  1S33  was  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages 

1   in  Georgetown,  Kv..  and   acted  as  president   of  the 

1 
institution  the   last    six  months;    in    1833    became 

!  connected  with  Madison  University  (see  article 
MADISON  UMVKK-ITV).  then  Hamilton  Literary 
and  Theological  Institution;  from  1833  to  1S37 
was  Professor  of  Mathematics  und  Natural  Phil 
osophy  :  from  1837  to  1850  occupied  the  chair  of 
Ecclesiastical  and  Civil  History  :  1850-l.il.  Professor 
of  Systematic  Theology  and  president  of  Madison 
University  ;  Professor  of  Intellectual  and  Moral 
Philosophy,  from  1850  to  18118:  from  18(11  to  1871 
president  of  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  and 
Professor  of  Ilomiletics.  Died  Aug.  3.  1872.  It  is 
well-nigh  impossible  within  brief  limits  to  describe 
adequately  this  great  man.  In  person  he  was  tall, 
well  formed,  and  pleasing  in  his  movements,  the 
features  denoting  great  kindness  of  heart.  In 
character  he  was  gentle,  unsuspicious,  confiding, 
and  hopeful. — a  very  Christian  gentleman. 

lie  was  devoted  to  the   interests  of  the  institu 
tion,   and  when  his   failing  health  compelled   his 


EA  TON 


357 


EAT  OX 


retirement  he  felt  he  was  severing  himself  from 
his  very  life.  Xot  an  old  man  when  he  died,  yet 
lie  had  become  aged  by  severe  toil  and  faithful  ser- 


GEOUGF.     W.   EATOX,   O..D.,    IJ,.r>. 

vice  in  the  interests  of  the  university.  By  nature 
Dr.  Eaton  was  an  orator,  and  yet  he  possessed  the 
best  elements  of  a  successful  teacher.  Few  men 
have  more  deeply  impressed  themselves  upon  the 
character  of  their  pupils  than  he.  His  influence, 
in  connection  with  Dr.  Hascall  and  Dr.  Spear,  car 
ried  the  college  through  its  darker  hours,  and  to 
him  the  friends  of  education,  and  especially  the 
Baptists  of  New  York,  owe  a  debt  of  gratitude 
which  it  will  be  impossible  to  pav. 

Eaton,  Rev.  Isaac,  A.M.,  was  the  son  of  Rev. 
Joseph  Eaton,  of  Montgomery,  Pa.  :  was  con 
verted  in  earlv  life,  and  joined  the  Southampton 
church,  Pa.  He  soon  began  to  preach,  and  when 
twenty-four  years  of  age  took  charge  of  the  church 
in  Hopewell.  X.  J..  Nov.  120.  174*.  Rich  blessings 
descended  upon  his  pastorate,  which  ended  only 
with  his  life,  twenty-six  years  afterwards,  lie  im 
mediately  became  prominent  in  the  Philadelphia 
Association,  and  the  way  was  soon  opened  for  his 
great  work. 

The  ''  Elders  and  Messengers  of  the  several  con 
gregations  baptized  on  profession  of  faith  in  Penn 
sylvania,  New  Jersey,  and  Provinces  adjacent,''  at 
Philadelphia,  on  Oct.  ">,  1750.  passed  the  following 
resolution  : 

"Concluded  to  raise  a  sum  of  money  toward  the 
encouragement  of  a  Latin  grammar  school,  for  the 
promotion  of  learning  among  us,  under  the  care  of 


Brother  Isaac  Eaton,  and  the  inspection  of  our 
brethren,  Abel  Morgan,  Isaac  Stclle,  Abel  Griffith, 
and  Peter  B.  Van  Horn.'' 

The  school  was  opened  under  this  comprehensive 
resolution.  AVhile  men  who  became  eminent  in  di 
vinity  went  out  from  the  teaching  and  influence  of 
that  wonderful  man.  other  professions  were  well  rep 
resented.  Eaton  was  the  first  teacher  among  Ameri 
can  Baptists  who  opened  a  school  for  the  education  of 
youinc  men  for  the  ministrv.  Among  his  students 
were  -James  Manning,  D.D..  first  president  of  Rhode 
Island  College  (now  Brown  University),  said  to 
have  been  Eaton's  first  student;  Samuel  Jones, 
D.D.,  Ile/ekiah  Smith.  D.D..  David  Jones,  A.M., 
Isaac  Skillman,  D.D.,  a  number  of  physicians  (Mr. 
Eaton  had  studied  medicine,  and  practised  among 
the  poor),  and  several  members  of  the  legal  profes 
sion.  Mr.  Eaton  died  before  attaining  old  age. 
The  tablet  erected  to  his  memory,  first  in  the  meet 
ing-house,  and  now  in  the  cemetery  of  the  Hope- 
well  church,  has  this  inscription  : 

"To  tin1  front  of  this  are  deposited  the  remains 
of  Rev.  Isaac  Eaton.  A.M..  who  for  upwards  of  126 
years  was  pastor  of  this  church,  from  the  care  of 
which  he  was  removed  by  death,  on  the  4th  of  July, 
177-.  in  the  forty-seventh  vear  of  his  age. 


lie  left  little  of  his  literary  productions.  There 
is  a  charge  delivered  at  the  ordination  of  his  pupil 
and  intimate  friend,  Rev.  Samuel  Jones,  A.M., 
•Jan.  12,  l~o.'5.  which  is  full  of  wise  counsels  very 
happily  expressed.  I)r.  Jones  preached  Mr.  Eaton's 
funeral  sermon.  His  subject  was  "  Resignation," 
and  his  text  Job  i.  121.  Toward  the  close  of  the  dis 
course,  having  mentioned  the  intimacy  between 
them,  he  says.  "  It  might  lie  expected  I  should  say 
something  concerning  him  ;  and  verily  much  might 
be  said  with  the  greatest  truth.  The  natural  en 
dowments  of  his  mind  :  the  improvement  of  these; 
by  the  accomplishments  of  literature:  his  early, 
genuine,  and  unaffected  piety:  Ins  abilities  as  a 
divine  and  a  preacher;  his  extensive  knowledge 
of  men  and  books  ;  his  Catholicism,  prudence,  and 
able  counsels,  together  with  a  view  of  him  in  the 
different  relations,  both  public  and  private,  that  he 
sustained  through  life  with  so  much  honor  to  him 
self  and  happiness  to  all  who  had  connection  with 
him,  would  afford  ample  scope,  had  I  but  abilities, 
time,  and  inclination,  to  flourish  in  a  funeral  ora 
tion.  But  it  is  needless,  for  the  bare  mentioning 
them  is  enough  to  revive  the  idea  of  him  in  the 
minds  of  all  who  knew  him." 

The  house  in  which  Mr.  Eaton  conducted  the  first 
institution  for  the  education  of  Baptist  ministers  on 
this  continent  is  still  in  the  village  of  Tlopewell, 
N.  J.,  on  the  Bound  Brook  Railroad.  The  struc 
ture  is  a  substantial  frame  building,  in  good  con- 


EATON 


dition,  located  near  the  Calvary  Baptist  church,  and 
not  far  from  the  Old-School  Baptist  church  edifice, 
in  which  tin;  descendants  of  the  people  to  whom  he 
ministered  are  accustomed  to  meet  for  the  worship 
of  (Joil. 

Eaton,  Rev.  Jeremiah  S.,  was  horn  in  Weare, 
N.  II.,  in  .June.  IslO.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Union 
College  in  the  class  of  lS:;f>.  lie  took  the  full 
course  of  study  at  Newton,  graduating  in  18.'!',). 
lie  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
cliurcli  in  Hartford.  Conn..  Xov.  I.'!.  IS.'J'J.  He  re 
mained  in  Hartford  five  y<'ars.  and  then  accepted  a 
call  to  the  Free  Street  churrh,  in  Portland.  Me., 
which  connection  he  hold  for  ten  years.  Ill  health 
compelled  him  to  resign  in  1N~>4.  He  died  at 
Portland,  Sept.  27.  1856. 

Eaton,  Joseph  H.,  LL.D.,  was  hurn  in  IVrlin. 
Delaware  Co..  0.,  Sept.  10.  1*12.  His  father  died 
when  lie  was  a  child,  and  lie  was  brought  up  hy  his 
mother,  a  woman  of  ureat  force  of  character  and  re- 
inarkahle  for  her  strong  faith  in  God.  Once  during 
his  childhood  he  was  supposed  to  he  dead,  the  phy 
sician  pronounced  him  dead,  and  only  the  child's 
mother  douhted  the  statement.  She  maintained,  in 
despite  of  all  appearances,  that  the  hoy  still  lived, 
because  he  was  a  child  of  too  many  prayers  to  die 
so  young.  She  believed  that  (lod  had  a  work  for 
him  to  do,  and  the  child  recovered.  lie  made  rapid 
progress  in  his  studies  in  the  neighboring  schools, 
and  it  was  soon  necessary  for  him  to  seek  larger 
advantages  for  study.  Being  the  youngest  son, 
his  mother  parted  with  him  with  great  reluctance, 
saying,  ''Joseph,  I  have  but  a  little  while  to  live. 
I  believe  God  has  a  work  for  you,  and  you  must 
be  educated  to  fit  you  for  it,  and  hence  yon  must 
go.''  lie  accordingly  left  home  and  entered  Worth- 
ington  Academy.  His  brother,  George  W.  Eaton, 
was  at  this  time  professor  in  Georgetown  College. 
Ky..  and  afterwards  in  the  Hamilton  Literary  and 
Theological  Institution,  N.  Y.  Joseph,  after  finish 
ing  his  course  at  the  academy,  went  to  Georgetown, 
Ky.,  where  he  studied  until  his  brother  loft,  fol 
lowing  him  to  Hamilton,  where  he  graduated  in 
1X37.  In  the  same  year  he  removed  to  Davidson 
Co.,  Toiin.,  where  he  taught  school  for  six  months, 
and  thence  went  to  Fayotteville.  Tonn..  to  take 
charge  of  an  academy.  Hero  ho  remained  three 
years.  In  1S41  he  was  elected  a  professor  in  the 
new  Baptist  institution  at  Murfreesborough,  Tonn.. 
and  in  1S47  he  was  appointed  its  president,  it  being 
named  the  Uni  m  I'niversity.  lie  was  ordained  in 
1843  ;  was  pastor  in  Murfreesborough,  and  of  sev 
eral  country  churches,  preaching  every  Sunday. 
and  faithfully  teaching  in  the  class-room,  until  he 
impaired  his  health  by  excessive  labors,  and  died 
Jan.  \'l.  IX.V.t.  Dr.  Eaton  was  a  man  of  great 
earnestness,  laboring  with  an  untiring  zeal  that 
nothing  could  thwart.  As  an  educator  he  had 


but  few  equals,  being  distinguished  for  his  power 
of  imparting  instruction  and  stimulating  a  love  of 
knowledge;  for  a  thorough  control  over  students, 
shown  in  discipline  and  in  influence  upon  their 
characters  ;  and  for  his  ability  to  win  the  affection 
of  his  pupils.  As  a  preacher.  Dr.  Eaton  was  earnest 
and  impressive,  of  impassioned  utterance  and  rapid 
delivery.  His  power  to  fix  attention  and  impress 
his  thoughts  upon  his  hearers  has  seldom  been 
equaled.  lie  won  the  enthusiastic  devotion  of  those 
who  knew  him.  of  all  classes  and  grades  of  society. 
His  fellow-ministers,  professors,  the  churches  to 
which  ho  preached,  his  many  students,  and  his 
servants,  all  loved  him  as  few  men  arc  loved.  Hand 
some  in  person,  gracious  in  presence,  genial  in 
manners,  and  winning  in  conversation,  he  was  emi 
nent  in  the  qualities  which  make  men  charming  in 
the  home  circle,  as  lie  was  in  those  which  make  a 
irreat  teacher  and  preacher.  Then?  was  about  him 
a  sense  of  reserved  power.  The  strength  of  the  man 
was  always  felt  beneath  his  genial  graciousncss. 
His  children  and  his  students  would  face  any 
danger  rather  than  have  him  know  that  they  had 
been  guilty  of  a  dishonorable  action,  so  much  did 
they  dread  the  glance  of  his  eye,  so  much  did  they 
value  his  approving  smile.  His  virtues  live  in  the 
memories  of  all  who  knew  him. 

Eaton,  Thomas  Treadwell,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Murfreesborough,  Tcnn..  Xov.  16.  1845,  and  was 
educated  partly  at  the  Union  University,  Tcnn., 
partly  at  Madison  University,  X.  Y.,  and  partly  at 
Washington  College,  Lexington,  Va.  Dr.  Eaton 
was  pastor  at  Lebanon  and  Chattanooga.  Term., 
and  he  is  now  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
Petersburg,  Va.  From  1X67  to  1X72  he  was  pro 
fessor  in  Union  University,  Murfreesborough,  Tenn. 
lie  has  published  a  small  volume.  ''  The  Angels,'1 
issued  by  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society, 
arid  he  has  contributed  to  many  of  the  denomina 
tional  papers,  chiefly  the  Kctiyioitx  //<•/•«/</.  of  Vir 
ginia.  During  1X70-71  he  was  one  of  the  editors 
of  the  Christian  /f< -r<il<l.  of  Tennessee,  and  he  is 
prominent  in  all  denominational  meetings.  lie  is 
a  vigorous  and  polished  writer,  and  a  man  of  ripe 
culture.  Dr.  Eaton  received  the  degree  of  D.D. 
from  Washington  and  Lee  University,  Va..  in  1878. 
Eaton, William  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Golfs- 
town.  X.  H..  Sept.  4,  1818,  and  was  a  graduate  of 
Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1845.  lie  took 
the  full  course  of  study  at  the  Xe\vton  Theological 
Institution,  graduating  in  the  cla«s  of  IX4X.  His 
ordination  took  place  in  August.  1X4'.).  and  he  was 
pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  from  1X41)  to  1X54.  Having  resigned  his 
pastorate,  he  accepted  an  appointment  as  an  agent 
to  solicit  funds  for  the  endowment  of  the  Xew  Lon 
don  Academy.  Returning  to  the  active  duties  of 
I  the  ministry,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 


ECCLES 

church  in  Nashua,  N.  II.,  one  of  the  largest  and 
most  flourishing  churches  in  the  State.  Here  he 
remained  four  years.  He  next  accepted  an  appoint 
ment  to  act  as  an  agent  to  raise  funds  for  the  better 
endowment  of  the  Newton  Theological  Institution. 
"By  his  quiet,  patient,  and  well-directed  efforts," 
says  Dr.  Hovey  in  his  historical  address,  "  comple 
mented  at  the  last  by  the  powerful  exertions  of  a 
few  distinguished  brethren,  the  sum  of  §200,000  was 
raised  by  subscription,  and  in  amounts  varying  from 
$1  to  818,000.''  Dr.  Hovey  also  remarks,  "  A  fort 
night,  more  or  less,  before  the  time  for  completing 
tliis  subscription  expired,  a  meeting  of  the  sub 
scribers  was  held  in  Tremont  Temple,  Boston,  at 
which  Dr.  Eaton  stated  that  he  had  secured  pledges 
to  the  amount  of  about  8 177. 500,  but  could  not 
obtain  the  required  sum,  82UO.ODO.  Thereupon 
Gardner  Colby  and  J.  Warren  .Merrill  were  ap 
pointed  a  committee  to  raise  the  subscription  to 
$210.000.  The  time  for  doing  this  was  short,  but 
the  task  proposed  was  accomplished."  1  laving  com 
pleted  his  work  as  the  agent  of  the  Newton  Theo 
logical  Institution,  Dr.  Eaton  returned  to  the  active 
duties  of  the  ministry  by  accepting,  in  1872,  an 
invitation  to  become  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Keene,  N.  II.,  where  he  is  now  living. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred 
on  Dr.  Eaton  in  1867  by  Brown  University,  of 
which  he  was  appointed  a  trustee  iti  187(1. 

Eccles,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  born  in  the  County 
of  Roscommon,  Ireland,  and  for  a  time  was  a  mer 
chant  in  his  native  country.  Afterwards  he  went 
to  France  and  took  an  active;  part  in  the  terrible 
struggles  of  the  revolution  of  17U2-93,  until  sick 
ened  by  the  enormities  practised  in  the  name  of 
liberty,  he  resigned  his  commission  and  came  to 
tliis  country. 

Soon  after  his  arrival  in  South  Carolina  he  was 
converted  and  united  with  the  Baptists.  Called  of 
God  to  the  ministry,  he  spent  four  years  in  literary 
and  theological  studies,  and  entered  upon  the  active 
duties  of  the  pastorate.  His  labors  were  greatly 
blessed  for  years,  and  when  his  prospects  were 
unusually  bright,  he  passed  into  the  heavenly  rest. 
on  the  12th  of  August,  18(H. 

As  a  preacher  he  was  zealous  and  energetic,  and 
manifested  acquaintance  with  the  heart  and  con 
science,  which  he  addressed  with  irreat  power.  lie 
endured  his  last  sufferings  with  calm  submission  to 
tin;  will  of  Providence,  and  he  died  full  of  peace. 

Eddy,  Daniel  C,,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Salem, 
Mass..  May  21,  182:}.  and  was  bapti/.ed  July  .'!.  1842, 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in 
that  city.  After  the  completion  of  his  literary  and 
theological  education  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Lowell.  Mass.,  Jan. 
2,  1840,  and  was  ordained  in  the  same  month.  This 
relation  continued  for  ten  years,  and  they  were 


<J  EDDY 

years  of  great  prosperity  with  the  church.  The 
whole  number  added  to  it  was  1005.  of  which  637 
were  baptized.  In  1850,  Dr.  Eddy  went  abroad  to 
recruit  his  health,  which  was  impaired  bv  long-con- 


DAMEL    ('.    EDDV,    D.I). 

tinned  ministerial  labor.  In  1854,  a  year  which  is 
embraced  within  the  period  when  what  was  known 
as  the  American,  or  "  Know-Nothing"  party  had 
so  prominent  a  place  in  the  politics  of  the  country, 
Dr.  Eddy  was  chosen  as  a  representative  from 
Lowell  to  the  Legislature  of  Massachusetts,  and, 
quite-  unexpectedly  to  himself,  he  was  elected 
Speaker  of  the  House.  Without  having  had  any 
experience  in  presiding  over  a  deliberative  assem 
bly,  lie  discharged  the  duties  of  his  office  so  satis 
factorily  that  the  House  passed  a  unanimous  vote 
thanking  him  "for  the  promptness,  ability,  and 
urbanity  with  which  he  had  performed  the  duties 
of  presiding  officer  during  the  prolonged  delibera 
tions  of  the  present  session." 

In  1856,  Dr.  Eddy  was  called  to  the  Harvard 
Street  church  in  Boston,  and  installed  as  pastor  on 
the  last  Lord's  dav  in  December.  Twice;  during 
this  pastorate  Dr.  Eddy  went  abroad,  extending  his 
visit  the  second  time  to  the  Holy  Land.  Four  hun 
dred  and  seventy-eight  persons  were  received  by 
letter  and  by  baptism  into  the  Harvard  Street 
church  while  Dr.  Kdely  was  its  minister. 

In  November,  1862,  a  call  was  extended  to  Dr. 
Eddy  by  the  Tabernacle  church  in  Philadelphia. 
He  accepted  it,  and  was  installed  Nov.  0,  1862, 
remaining  there;  two  years,  when  he;  was  invited  to 
the  Baldwin  Place  church  in  Boston.  The  church 


EDO REN 


for  various  reasons,  chiefly  on  account  of  tin'  un 
favorable  location  of  their  house  of  worship,  had 
become  verv  much  reduced  iu  numbers.  A  change 
of  location  carried  them  to  the  "  South  Mud,"  where 
a  new  church  edifice  was  erected  iu  Warren  Avenue, 
an  almost  entirelv  new  congregation  gathered,  and 
prosperity  attended  the  enterprise.  Dr.  Fddy  was 
called  from  Boston  to  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Fall  River.  .Mass.,  and  returned  again  t<>  Boston  to 
enter  upon  a  work  in  which  for  many  years  lie  had. 
taken  a  deep  interest.  —  the  nneiiing  <>f  a  place  of 
worship  at  the  "South  Fnd"  on  the  free  system. 
Various  circumstance-  conihined  to  make  the  en 
terprise  not  so  successful  as  he  desired,  and  it  was 
abandoned.  He  is  now  the  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Uvde  Park,  one  of  the  pleasant  suburban  villages 
in  the  neighborhood  of  15  iston. 

Dr.  Fddv  has  written  a  larii'e  number  of  books, 
some  of  whiidi,  especially  his  "  Young  .Man's 
Friend."  liave  had  a  very  extended  circulation. 
Several  book-. the  result  of  his  travels  abroad,  have 
also  been  widely  circulated.  Few  of  our  ministers 
have  had  a  more  active  and  successful  ministry 
than  Dr.  Eddy,  and  few  ministers  have  superior 
ability,  culture,  and  piety.  Harvard  College  con 
ferred  on  him  the  decree  of  A.M.  in  IS.")."),  and 
Madison  University  the  decree  of  D.D.  in  1s,")i'». 

Eddy,  Herman  J.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Marion. 
Wayne  Co.,  X.  Y..  Dec.  10.  ISIO:  l,apti/.ed  in  ISi>7  ; 
studied  at  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  In 
stitution  ;  received  the  decree  of  A.M.  from  Madi 
son  University,  and  D.I),  from  Shurtleff  College ; 
was  ordained  at  Marion  in  1SM4.  His  first  settle 
ment  as  pastor  was  in  Scipio,  X.  \.  After  live 
years  of  successful  labor  ho  accepted  the  call  of 
the  church  in  .Jordan.  In  1S4U  he  took  charge  of 
the  Cannon  Street  Baptist  church.  Xew  York.  In 
]Sf)l)  lie  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Bloomiugton,  111.,  where  he  founded  the  I/If- 
•nfiin  li<ii>tixt,  which  was  subsequently  consolidated 
with  the  Chrixfittn  Time*,  now  The,  Standard, 
of  Chicago.  In  1SC>1  he  was  commissioned  chap 
lain  of  the  3od  Regiment  of  111.  Yols..  known  in 
the  West  as  the  Normal  Regiment.  After  two 
years'  service  becoming  disabled  he  resigned  and 
accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Belvidere,  111.  In  ISC,'.)  be  was  called  to  the 
Central  Baptist  church  of  Syracuse.  X*.  Y.  He 
was  prospered  in  all  his  settlements:  in  the  last 
three  the  churches  built  new  and  large  houses  of 
worship.  When  in  New  York  he  was  a  member 
of  the  board  of  the  American  and  Foreign  Bible 
Society,  and  afterwards  of  the  American  Bible 
Union,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  founders.  lie 
is  the  author  of  several  printed  sermons  and  public 
addresses,  and  was  the  regular  correspondent  of 
the  Xew  York  h'eronler  and  the  Michigan  Christian 
Herald.  He  has  also  contributed  to  the  Standard. 


of  Chicago,  the  llaptisl  JIWiV//.  and  other  journals 
of  New  York.  An  injury  caused  by  a.  fall  in  1S73 
induced  him  to  retire  from  pastoral  work,  since 
which  he  has  resided  in  the  city  of  Xew  York. 

Eddy,  Richard  Evans,  was  born  in  Providence, 
II.  I..  -July  I'.*.  1S02,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Brown 
University  in  the  class  of  \*'1'1.  On  leaving  college 
he  went  into  business  in  his  native  city,  and  con 
tinued  in  it  till  1S41.  when  lie  was  appointed 
deputy  collector  of  the  port  of  Providence,  which 
office  he  held  for  four  years.  In  1-4")  he  was 
elected  treasurer  of  the  American  Baptist  Mis 
sionary  Union,  and  removed  to  Boston,  where  he 
became  an  active  and  much  beloved  member  of 
Dr.  Baron  Stow's  church.  For  nine  years  he  held 
the  office  to  which  he  had  been  chosen,  greatly  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  society.  His  official  rela 
tions  to  his  missionary  brethren  were  of  the  most 
tender  nature:  he  endeared  himself  to  them  by 
his  interest  in  their  work,  and  his  sympathy  with 
them  in  all  their  trials.  The  state  of  his  health 
obliged  him  to  resign  his  office  in  ls.")4.  and  he  re 
turned  to  his  old  home  in  Providence.  For  the 
last  fourteen  years  of  his  life  he  held  the  office  of 
deacon  in  the  First  Baptist  church,  of  the  Sabbath- 
school  connected  with  which  he  had  at  an  earlier 
period  iu  his  life  been  for  nine  years  the  superin 
tendent,  lie  died  in  Providence.  April  l2',».  1S70. 

Edgren,  John  Alexis,  D.D.,  the  head  of  the 
Scandinavian  department  in  the  theological  semi 
nary  at  Morgan  Park.  111.,  was  born  in  Wermland. 
Sweden,  in  IS.'J1.).  After  passing  through  the  pre 
paratory  department  of  the  elementary  school  of 
Carlstad  he  went  to  sea  in  lSf,2.  sailing  in  ships  of 
five  different  nations.  In  1S57  he  was  converted 
while  at  sea.  and  in  1S.TS  was  bapti/.ed.  Filtering  the 
navigation  school  at  Stockholm,  he  graduated  in  1  S ;">',) 
with  the  highest  honors  conferred  in  Sweden  upon 
naval  students.  He  then  returned  to  the  sea.  sail 
ing  as  mate  and  second  mate  of  Swedi.-h  vessels. 
In  lSli-2  he  was  examined  as  teacher  of  navigation, 
anil  passed  successfully.  In  that  year  he  came  to 
this  country,  and  as  the  war  was  in  progress  he 
entered  the  U.  S.  navy  as  acting  ensign,  and  sub 
sequently  served  as  sailing-master.  In  1SC,3  he 
resigned  and  attended  lectures  in  Princeton  Theo 
logical  Seminary.  Again,  in  ]SC>4.  he  entered  the 
navy,  and  was  placed  in  command  of  the  U.  S. 
steamer  '•  Catalpa."  sailing  from  Philadelphia  to 
the  Charleston  blockade.  Subsequently  he  vol 
unteered  for  service1  at  the  naval  battery  on  Mor 
ris  Island,  and  participated  in  several  engage 
ments.  In  1SC>5  he  finally  resigned  and  left  the 
sea.  fully  determined  to  obey  the  call  he  had  long 
been  conscious  of,  to  preach  the  gospel.  His  first 
service  was  as  colporteur  and  missionary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society.  In  the  fall 
of  1SG5  he  entered  upon  the  study  of  theology  at 


EDUCATIONAL 


361 


EDWARDS 


Madison  University,  and  in  1866  was  appointed  by 
the  Missionary  Union  a  missionary  to  Sweden. 
Upon  returning  to  America  in  1870  lie  was  called 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  Swedish  Baptist  church  in 
Chicago,  with  an  appropriation  from  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society.  In  the  fall  of  1871 
he  began  giving  instruction  at  the  theological  semi 
nary  to  Scandinavian  students,  himself  pursuing 
study  in  the  seminary  at  the  same  time,  and  grad 
uating  in  1872.  The  interest  awakened  by  his  work 
as  instructor  of  Scandinavian  students  in  various 
branches  of  theology  eventuated  in  the  founding 
of  the  Scandinavian  department  as  a  permanent 
branch  of  the  seminary  work. 

At  the  present  date  (1880)  29  students  have 
graduated  from  this  department,  and  have  become 
ministers  of  the  gospel  among  their  own  people. 
Hundreds  under  their  preaching  have  professed 
conversion  and  have  been  baptized.  With  the 
work  of  instruction  Prof.  Edgren  has  associated 
the  editing  of  a  Swedish  religious  paper.  Six 
other  religious  publications  are  fruits  of  his  pen. 

Educational  Institution  for  Ministers,  The 
First  American  Baptist,— See  article  on  HEV. 
ISAAC  EATOX,  A.M. 

Edwards,  Dr.  Benjamin  F.,  was  born  in  Mary 
land,  July  2,  17'J7,  and  converted  in  Kentucky  in 
1826.  He  removed  to  Illinois  in  1827,  and  to  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  in  1845.  He  died  in  Kirkwood,  Mo., 
in  April,  1877. 

Dr.  Edwards  held  a  distinguished  position  as  a 
medical  practitioner.  lie  had  a  superior  intellect, 
richly  furnished  with  the  results  of  extensive  read 
ing  and  study.  He  was  popular  in  social  gather 
ings,  and  greatly  beloved  by  a  very  numerous  circle 
of  friends  and  acquaintances.  His  golden  weddinf 
in  1869  was  an  occasion  of  great  jov  to  the  lar^e 
numbers  whose  congratulations  the  aged  and  hon 
ored  couple  received  at  the  time  of  its  celebration, 
and  to  the  whole  community  in  which  Dr.  Edwards 
was  so  highly  esteemed. 

He  loved  the  Saviour  and  his  people,  and  cher 
ished  his  own  church  with  peculiar  affection.  To 
him  there  was  no  book  like  the  Bible,  reverence 
for  which  increased  with  his  advancing  years.  He 
held  tenaciously  the  doctrines  and  practices  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures,  and  his  faith  was  proved  by  a 
consecrated  life. 

While  living  in  Edwardsville,  111.,  the  first  mis-  ! 
sionary  Baptist  church  in  that  State  was  formed 
in  his  residence,  April  18,  1828.  He  assisted  at  the 
organization  of  the  Edwardsville  Baptist  Associa 
tion,  Oct.  16,  1830.  He  was  one  of  the  original 
trustees  of  Shurtleff  College  in  1836.  This  great 
and  good  man  expired  in  the  triumphs  of  faith. 

Edwards,  Cyrus,  LL.D.— Although    Dr.  Ed 
wards  became  actually  the  member  of  a  Baptist 
church   only  in  his  eighty-first  year,  he  was  the 
24 


friend  and  supporter  of  such  churches  through 
many  years,  as  also  of  Shurtleff  College,  in  Upper 
Alton,  which  place  Avas  his  home  during  the  later 
portion  of  his  life.  He  was  born  in  Montgomery 
Co.,  Md.,  Jan.  17.  1793,  his  family  being  of  Welsh 
origin,  and  residents  of  Virginia,  until  his  fathers 
removal  to  Maryland  in  1750,  from  the  earliest 
colonial  times.  In  1800  his  father  removed  to 
Bardstown,  Ky.,  in  which  place  Cyrus  attended  a 
private  academy  kept  by  Mr.  Daniel  Barry.  He 
began  the  study  of  law  at  the  age  of  nineteen,  and 
removing  to  Illinois,  was  in  1815  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Kaskaskia.  After  this  event  lie  removed  to 
Potosi,  Mo.,  sixty  miles  south  of  St.  Louis.  In 
Missouri  he  became  the  personal  friend  of  Thomas 
II.  Benton  and  other  eminent  persons,  and  he  ac 
quired  marked  distinction  in  his  profession.  After 
some  fourteen  years'  residence  in  Missouri,  Mr. 
Edwards  removed  to  Edwardsville,  111.,  a  town 
named  for  his  brother,  Hon.  Ninian  Edwards,  one 
of  the  early  governors  of  Illinois  while  yet  a  Terri 
tory. 

In  1832  he  became  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
Legislature,  and  so  continued  until  1840,  when  he 
retired  from  politics  until  summoned  again  to  pub 
lic  duties  by  the  exciting  events  of  1860.  His  en 
tire  efforts  for  his  fellow-citizens  were  characterized 
by  integrity,  high  principle,  and  signal  ability. 

As  a  friend  of  education  Dr.  Edwards  is  espe 
cially  remembered.  He  was  one  of  the  most  lib 
eral  friends  of  Shurtleff  College,  having  given  to 
it  at  one  time  real  estate  valued  at  $10.000,  be 
sides  other  generous  donations.  For  a  period  of 
thirty-five  3'ears  he  was  president  of  its  board  of 
trustees.  He  was  also  most  active  in  the  orig 
ination  of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Bloom- 
ington.  In  the  eighty-first  year  of  his  age  Dr. 
Edwards  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Upper  Alton  church,  and  remained  in  its  commu 
nion  until  his  death. 

In  1837  he  was  a  candidate  for  governor  of  Illi 
nois,  and  he  only  failed  because  his  political  friends 
were  in  a  hopeless  minority. 

The  Alton  Weekly  Telyraph  of  Sept.  6,  1877, 
speaking  of  him,  says,  '•  AVith  Hon.  Cyrus  Ed 
wards  has  passed  away  one  of  the  most  prominent 
men  in  the  early  history  of  Illinois,  whose  residence 
therein  was  coeval  witli  the  existence  of  the  State 
government.  Of  the  famous  men  of  earlier  days 
who  made  the  pioneer  history  of  Illinois  brilliant, 
few  stand  out  with  greater  prominence,  and  few 
are  more  worthy  of  grateful  remembrance  than 
Mr.  Edwards.  In  all  the  great  movements  in  the 
early  history  of  the  State  his  name  is  conspicuous, 
and  in  all  it  is  recorded  with  honor.  He  was  the 
last  survivor  of  the  statesmen  who,  prior  to  the 
year  1840,  wielded  the  destinies  of  Illinois."  When 
he  passed  away  a  great  American  citizen  fell,  and 


EDWARD* 


?>r>2 


EDWARD* 


an  illustrious  servant  of  Christ  entered  upon   his 
reward. 

Edwards,  Hervey,  a  native  of  Onondaga  Co., 
N.  Y.,  better  known  as  Deacon  Edwards,  a  suc 
cessful  business  man.  a  devoted  Christian,  and  a 
zealous  promoter  of  all  the  interests  of  the  Bap 
tist  denomination,  lie  was  baptized  in  1.SI50  into 
the  fellowship  of  the  Fayetteville  Baptist  church 
bv  Rev.  Charles  Morton.  lie  was  specially  con 
spicuous  in  his  support  of  ministerial  education, 
holding  a  position  as  member  of  the  boards  of  the 
university  and  Education  Society  at  Hamilton. 

Edwards,  Rev.  James  Jesse,  a  distinguished 
missionary,  was  born  in  Loo  Co.,  Va..  Dec.  30, 1824. 

In  -June.  1S42,  he  obtained  hope  in  Christ  and 
joined  the  Methodist  Church.  Subsequently,  upon 
a  change  of  religious  opinions,  he  united  with  a  Bap 
tist  church.  In  June.  1S50,  he  was  ordained  to  the 
gospel  ministry,  and  labored  SOUK;  years  in  his 
native  county,  his  field  being  the  mountainous  dis 
tricts  of  Western  A'irginia  and  Eastern  Kentucky. 
Mr.  Kdwards  received  but  little  compensation  for 
preaching,  and  his  circumstances  compelled  him  to 
adopt  secular  employment  to  support  his  family. 
His  ministry  was  attended  with  the  most  wonder 
ful  results.  After  a  few  years  he  moved  to  Clay 
County,  and  finally  to  Estill  Co.,  Ivy.,  where  his 
labors  in  the  same  ruined  fields  were  greatly  blessed. 
During  a  few  years  he  received  a  partial  support  as 
missionary  of  the  General  Association  of  Kentucky, 
and  his  reports  indicate  that  he  traveled  oo.T'iO 
miles.  A  larue  portion  of  this  was  accomplished 
on  foot,  and  the  remainder  on  horseback. 

lie  has  now  been  preaching  thirty  years,  and  has 
bapti/.ed  over  5000  professed  believers  in  Christ  and 
organized  •>•">  churches. 

Edwards,  Rev.  Morgan,  was  born  in  Wales, 
May  9,  1722.  lie  was  educated  at  Bristol  College 
under  Bernard  Foskett,  its  first  president,  lie  was 
ordained -lune  1.  1757,  in  Cork,  Ireland,  where  he 
labored  for  nine  years.  He  returned  to  England 
and  preached  for  a  year  in  Rye,  in  Sussex,  when, 
through  the  recommendation  of  Or.  (I  ill  and  others, 
on  the  application  of  tne  Baptist  church  of  Phila 
delphia,  he  came  to  that  city  and  church,  and  en 
tered  upon  the  pastorate  May  23,  17*>1. 

In  1770  he  preached  a  sermon  on  the  text,  "  This 
year  thou  shalt  die."  which  by  many  was  regarded 
as  his  intended  funeral  sermon,  as  it  is  said  that  he 
expected  to  die  on  a  particular  day.  But  he  was 
disappointed  when  the  day  of  death  dawned  and 
departed,  for  instead  of  expiring  he  lived  for  nearly 
a  quarter  of  a  century  after.  Circumstances  led  to 
his  resignation  that  year,  though  he  continued  to 
preach  for  a  considerable  period  later. 

After  his  departure  from  Philadelphia  he  never 
assumed  the  duties  of  the  pastorate  in  any  other 
church,  lie  resided  in  Delaware.  lie  supplied 


vacant  churches  till  the  Revolution,  during  which 
he  gave  up  preaching,  and  after  peace  was  pro 
claimed  he  gave  lectures  on  Divinity  in  various 
parts  of  Pennsylvania,  New  -Jersey.  Delaware,  and 
New  England.  He  died  at  Peneador,  Del..  -Jan. 
2S,  1795. 

Mr.  Edwards  took  the  side;  of  the  mother-country 
during  the  Revolutionary  struggle.  One  reason 
li'iven  for  this  course;  was  that  he  had  a  son  an  offi 
cer  in  the  service  of  Great  Britain.  lie  was  tin- 
only  Tory  in  the  ministry  of  the  American  Baptist 
churches.  The  Baptists  everywhere  over  this  land, 
ministers  and  laymen,  were  enthusiastic  friends  of 
liberty. 

Morgan  Edwards  was  a  man  of  refined  manners, 
and  shone  to  peculiar  advantage  in  good  society. 
He  was  the  master  of  scholarly  attainments,  and  he 
was  accustomed  to  say,  "The  Greek  and  Hebrew 
are  ihe  two  eves  of  a  minister,  and  the  translations 
are  but  commentaries,  because  they  vary  in  sense 
as  commentators  do.''  His  attachment  to  Baptist 
principles  was  intense,  and  no  man  since  the  days 
of  the  Apostles  ever  showed  greater  love,  or  mad'' 
more  costly  sacrifices  for  them  than  he  did.  He 
was  full  of  generosity,  he  would  give  anything  to 
a  friend  or  to  a  cause  dear  to  him.  Edwards  was  a 
man  of  uncommon  genius.  In  bis  day  no  Baptist 
minister  equaled  him.  and  none  since  his  time  has 
surpassed  him. 

lie  was  the  founder  of  Brown  University,  at  first 
called  Rhode  Island  College.  It  is  well  known  that 
this  enterprise  was  started  in  the  Philadelphia  Bap 
tist  Association  in  its  meeting  in  1702.  and  Morgan 
Edwards  was  "the  principal  mover  in  this  matter." 
as  he  was  the  most  active  agent  in  securing  funds 
for  the  permanent  support  of  the  institution.  To 
Mortran  Edwards  more  than  to  any  other  man  are 
the  Baptist  churches  of  America  indebted  for  their 
u;rand  list  of  institutions  of  learning,  with  their 
noble  endowments  and  wide-spread  influence. 

But  we   owe   him    another   heavy    debt   for   his 
"Materials   Towards   a    History  of  the   Baptists." 
!  etc.       He    journeyed     from     New     Hampshire    to 
i  Georgia  gathering   facts  for   a  history  of  the  Bap- 
|  tists,   and   these    "  Materials."  printed   or   penned, 
are  the  most  valuable  Baptist  records  in  our  country. 
;  They  show  immense  painstaking,  they  are  remark 
ably  accurate,  they  treat  of  points  of  great  value. 
Morgan   Edwards  and   Robert  B.    Semple.  of  Vir 
ginia,  deserve  the  lasting  gratitude  of  every  Amer 
ican    Baptist   in    a    fervent    measure.      This   great 
Welshman   has    conferred    favors   upon    American 
Baptists    not     second    to    those  of    his  illustrious 
countryman  who  founded  Rhode  Island. 

Edwards,  Prof.  P.   C.,  was  born   near  Society 
|  Hill,  Darlington  Co.,  S.  C.,  Feb.  8.  1SI<)  :  was  bap 
tized  in  his  seventeenth    year  ;  died    in  Greenville, 
S.  C.,  May  15.  lSf>7.     He  was  graduated  with  honor 


EG  AN 


363 


ELDER 


in  the  South  Carolina  College,  where  he  remained 
through  the  ensuing  winter  and  spring,  diligently 
studying  as  resident  graduate.  He  took  a  full 
course  at  Xewton,  under  Drs.  Sears,  Ripley,  Chase, 
and  Ilackett,  and  spent  a  winter  in  New  York,  to 
enjoy  the  benefit  of  instruction  by  Dr.  Robinson, 
of  the  Union  Theological  Seminary.  In  1N46  he 
became  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature  and  Exe 
gesis  in  Furman  Theological  Institution,  then  lo 
cated  in  Fail-field  District,  S.  C.  ;  after  its  removal 
to  Greenville,  and  its  expansion  into  Furman  Uni 
versity,  he  became  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages 
in  the  collegiate  department. 

His  intellect  was  massive,  its  movements  not 
rapid.  He  never  jumped  at  conclusions:  often 
hesitated  where  men  of  less  breadth  of  view- 
would  have  terminated  discussion.  To  this  result 
his  conscientiousness  contributed.  His  regard  for 
truth  was  reverential  ;  patient  and  painstaking  in 
investigation  himself,  ho  yet  showed  the  most 
amiable  deference  for  the  opinions  of  others.  His 
heart  was  formed  for  the  tenderest  and  most  en 
during  friendships;  deeply  humble  and  devout,  he 
made  the  impression  on  all  minds  of  a  good  min 
ister  of  Jesus  Christ.  He  died  suddenly,  in  the 
very  prime  of  his  powers.  On  Sunday  he  preached 
a  long  and  most  impressive  sermon  on  "  Christ,  the 
brightness  of  the  Father's  glory,"  etc.,  and  on 
Wednesday  he  had  gone  to  gu/.e  with  unclouded 
vision  on  the  object  of  his  adoring  love. 

Egan,  Bartholomew,  M.D.,   distinguished  for 

his  classical  attainments  and  his  professional  skill, 
was  bom  in  Killarney,  Ireland,  in  17'J">,  and  grad 
uated  at  Dublin  University.  He  was  the  founder 
of  Mount  Lebanon  University,  La.,  and  held  many 
prominent  positions  in  the  State,  as  Presidential 
elector,  surgeon-general  of  Louisiana,  superin 
tendent  of  the  State  Laboratory,  and  one  of  the 
board  of  supervisors  of  the  State  Seminary.  He 
became  a  Baptist  in  Virginia  in  1*41,  and  from 
1S47  until  his  death,  in  IST'J,  IK;  was  prominently 
connected  with  the  denomination  in  the  State  of 
Louisiana. 

Elder,  Joseph  F.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Portland, 
Me.,  March    10,    18.7J.     His  early  educational  ad 
vantages  were  good.      His  academic  studies  were 
pursued  at  the  Portland  High  School,  in  which   he- 
gave  promise  of  ability  to  till   the  positions  which 
he    has    since    attained.     In     1  still,   when    twenty- 
one  years  of  age.  he  was  graduated  from  Waterville  ' 
College,   now  Colby   University,   with    the   highest  \ 
honors.     After  his  graduation  he  engaged  in  teach-  ! 
ing,   but   his   piety   and   ability  as   a   speaker   and 
writer  led  the  Free  Street  Baptist  church  to  give  ! 
him  a  license  to  preach.     This  occurred  in  1801. 
Afterwards  he  entered  Rochester  Theological  Sem 
inary,  and  was  graduated  from  it  in  1S07.     He  was 
immediately  called  to  the  pastorate  of  Xorth  Orange 


Baptist  church,  X.  J.,  where  he  was  ordained,  and 
where  he  remained  two  years.  Such  was  his  suc 
cess  as  a  preacher  that  in  ISG'J  he  was  called  to 
follow  Rev.  Dr.  II.  C..  Weston,  now  president  of 


JOSEPH     F.    KI.DKR.    n.D. 

Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  in  the  pastorate  of 
Madison  Avenue  Baptist  church  of  Xew  York. 
The  old  and  honored  Oliver  Street  church  had 
united  with  the  Madison  Avenue  church,  bur  when 
the  courts  decided  that  the  Oliver  Street  church  was 
not  legally  the  owner  of  the  church  property,  the 
latter  withdrew  with  Dr.  Elder,  and  are  now  build 
ing  a  church  edifice  which  promises  to  be  in  all  re 
spects  (juite  equal  to  the  spacious  and  beautiful 
house  which  they  left  in  Madison  Avenue.  Such 
was  his  popularity  that  nearly  all  the  members  cf 
tin;  church  and  congregation  followed  him  to  his 
new  field  in  Fifty-third  Street. 

As  a  preacher  he  is  an  aide  advocate  of  Baptist 
principles,  an  eminently  logical  reasoiier.  dignified, 
earnest,  and  genial  in  manner.  Standing  calmly 
in  his  pulpit,  he  reminds  one  of  the  portraits  of 
Xapoleon  Bonaparte.  He  is  indeed  an  able  leader 
and  commander  in  the  armies  of  Israel.  lie  is  still 
a  student.  His  sermons,  addresses,  and  essays  jrive 
evidence  of  patient  and  thorough  research.  His 
conscientious  presentation  of  the  whole  truth,  as 
he  and  his  denomination  hold  it.  makes  his  ministry 
a  force  not  only  in  his  congregation,  but  in  the  citv 
and  country.  His  illustrations  of  obscure  points 
show  a  wide  range  of  reading  and  a  familiarity 
with  the  mighty  writers  of  the  past  ages.  He  has 
not  yet  reached  the  full  measure  of  influence  and 


KLDER 


3f>4 


ELECTION 


usefulness  which  his  present  attainments  promise 
to  the  churches. 

])r.  Elder  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Madison  University  in  18(>5. 

Elder,  Rev.  Samuel,  A.M.,  was  bom  in  Hali 
fax,  Nova  Scotia;  converted  and  baptized  in  Corn- 
wallis  in  1839;  graduated  from  Acadia  College  in 
1844  :  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church,  Fred- 
cricton,  New  Brunswick,  in  November.  1845,  and 
so  continued  until  he  died,  May  23,  1S52.  Mr. 
Elder  was  a  fine  poet  and  an  eloquent  preacher, 
possessed  an  exquisite  style  and  sound  theology. 

Eldred,  Hon.  Caleb,  was  born  in  Pownal,  Vt., 
April  r>.  1781,  and  died  in  Climax,  Mich.,  June  29, 
1876.  On  arriving  at  manhood  he  removed  to  Ot- 
sego  Co..  N.  Y.,  where  he  engaged  in  farming; 
served  his  township  as  justice  of  the  peace,  and  was 
president  of  the  County  Agricultural  Society,  lie 
was  two  terms  a  member  of  the  New  York  Legisla 
ture.  In  1831  he  removed  to  Kalamazoo  Co., 
Mich.,  where  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life, 
lie  was  twice  elected  a  member  of  the  Territorial 
Legislature,  and  was  a  "  side  judge''  of  the  Terri 
torial  court.  As  a  Baptist  he  is  best  known  as 
one  of  the  founders  of  Kalamazoo  College.  For 
twenty-five  years  he  was  president  of  its  board  of 
trustees,  and  his  contributions  for  its  support  were 
generous  and  continuous. 

Eldridge,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  born  in  Washing 
ton  Co.,  N.  Y..  in  1S<);">,  and  died  at  Afton,  Rock  Co., 
AVis..  aged  seventy-one  years.  He  was  educated  at 
Hamilton,  N.  Y.  lie  was  pastor  of  the  churches 
in  Hamilton,  Broad  Street,  Utica,  and  Perry,  N.  Y. ; 
Columbus,  0.  ;  Beloit,  Clinton,  Columbus,  and 
Afton,  Wis.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  intellect, 
profound  convictions,  and  an  able  defender  of  the 
faith  and  practice  of  Baptists.  His  last  years  were 
spent  on  his  farm  near  Afton,  Wis.,  where  he  died 
in  great  peace. 

Election. — Every  man  that  shall  enter  glory 
was  elected  of  (loci  to  that  blessed  state,  and  be 
cause  of  such  election  is  prepared  by  the  Holy 
Spirit  for  its  enjoyment.  No  elect  person  can  be 
kept  out  of  heaven. 

When  men  repent  and  put  their  trust  in  Jesus 
they  are  ''called  according  to  God's  purpose.'' — 
Horn.  viii.  28, — that  is,  according  to  his  plan  of 
election,  or  they  would  never  turn  to  the  Saviour. 
Hence  Paul  says,  "  Who  maketh  thee  to  differ?" — • 
1  Cor.  iv.  7.  "By  the  grace  of  God.  I  am  what 
I  am." — 1  Cor.  xv.  10.  The  electing  grace  of 
Jehovah  has  placed  every  believer  in  saved  rela 
tions  with  the  Lamb. 

The  entire  elect  were  given  to  Christ  to  redeem, 
"  Christ  hath  redeemed  us  from  the  curse  of  the 
law,  being  made  a  curse  for  us," — Gal.  iii.  13, —  1o 
intercede  far,  "  I  pray  for  them,  I  pray  not  for  the 
world,  but  for  them  whom  thou  hast  given  me,  for 


they  are  thine.'' — John  xvii.  9, — to  bring  safely  to 
heaven,  "  All  that  the  Father  giveth  me  shall  come 
to  me,  and  him  that  cometh  to  me  I  will  in  no  wise 
cast  out." — John  vi.  37.  "  My  sheep  hear  my  voice, 
and  I  know  them,  and  they  follow  me,  and  I  give 
unto  them  eternal  life,  and  they  shall  never  perish, 
neither  shall  any  pluck  them  out  of  my  hand."- 
John  x.  27,  28. 

God's  election  of  believers  took  place  in  eternity, 
"  According  as  he  hath  chosen  us  in  him,  before 
the  foundation  of  the  world  that  we  should  be  holy 
and  without  blame  before  him  in  love." — Eph.  i.  4. 
Before  the  existence  of  the  earth,  the  fall  was  fore 
seen,  and  the  salvation  of  the  elect  gloriously  pro 
vided  for. 

Divine  election  in  the  Scriptures  has  to  do  exclu 
sively  with  individuals.  Paul  speaks  of  those  that 
love  God  as  persons  "called  according  to  his  pur 
pose  ;''  all  men  brought  to  embrace  Jesus  are  drawn 
to  him  according  to  God's  electing  purpose.  Saul 
himself,  rushing  with  cruel  haste  to  Damascus, 
"breathing  out  threatenings and  slaughter"  against 
the  saints  of  Jesus  and  their  Master,  is  called  into 
the  saved  family.  One  moment  he  is  a  blind  bigot 
full  of  murder,  and  the  next,  solely  through  God's 
call,  he  is  a  trembling  penitent,  crying  for  mercy. 
No  one,  when  the  Saviour  found  him,  heard  the 
voice  of  Jesus  but  himself.  It  is  addressed  to  him 
alone,  "Saul,  Saul,  why  persecutest  thou  me?"- 
Acts  ix.  4.  And  when  Ananias,  who,  by  divine 
appointment,  visited  him  a  few  days  later,  objected 
to  call  upon  him  on  account  of  his  persecuting 
reputation,  the  Lord  said  to  him,  "  Go  thy  way,  for 
he  is  a  chosen  vessel  unto  me,  to  bear  my  name  be 
fore  the  Gentiles,  and  kings,  and  the  children  of 
Israel." — Acts  ix.  15.  Paul  was  an  elect  man,  he 
was  chosen  and  called  as  an  individual.  And  so 
are  all  Christ's  saints.  Zaccheus  was  called  by 
name  out  of  the  boughs  of  the  tree,  and  found  sal 
vation  that  day,  and  this  was  according  to  God's 
purpose  of  election. — -Luke  xix.  5.  An  angcl-com- 
manded  Philip  "to  go  unto  the  way  that  goeth 
down  from  Jerusalem  unto  Gaza,"  and  seeing  the 
eunuch,  the  Holy  "  Spirit  said  unto  Philip,  'Go, 
man,  and  join  thyself  to  this  chariot.'  "—Acts  viii. 
26-29.  The  eunuch  hears  the  Word  of  life  from 
Philip,  and  is  saved  and  baptized.  But  an  angel 
sends  him  to  the  road  where  he  would  find  this 
solitary  traveler;  the  Spirit  orders  him  directly  to 
the  man,  and  the  treasurer  receives  an  individual 
call,  according  to  God's  purpose,  for  that  purpose 
is  the  election  of  individuals  to  eternal  life.  At 
Antioch  it  is  said,  "  As  many  as  were  ordained  to 
eternal  life  believed,"  not  a  soul  besides.  The 
election  of  God  had  decreed  the  salvation  of  a 
number  of  persons  who  heard  Paul  and  Barna 
bas  at  Antioch,  and  the  elect  ones  only,  received 
Jesus.  The  individual  feature  of  election  is 


ELECTION 


365 


EL   KAEEY 


strongly  presented  by  the  Saviour,  where  he  say 
to  his  disciples,  "  Rejoice  not,  that  the  spirits 
(demons)  are  subject  unto  you,  but  rather  rejoice 
because  your  names  are  written  in  heaven." 
Luke  x.  20.  Election  performed  its  work  before 
the  foundation  of  the  world ;  the  names  of  the 
saints  were  enrolled  among  the  coming  citizen! 
of  heaven  before  the  birth  of  earthly  ages,  and  the 
elect  in  God's  great  scheme  of  salvation  are  as  much 
individualized  as  the  legatees  of  a  will.  Eternal 
and  personal  election  is  the  undoubted  teaching  of 
the  sacred  volume.  When  Moses  in  ancient  times 
read  the  law  to  Israel,  he  took  blood  and  scarlet 
wool  and  hyssop,  and  sprinkled  the  book  and  all  the 
people  with  blood.— Ileb.  ix.  19.  The  Father,  be 
fore  suns  sent  forth  light,  prepared  the  Lamb's 
book  of  life,  with  the  finger  of  everlasting  love  he 
wrote  in  it  the  names  of  all  elect  men  and  women, 
and  youths  and  maidens  ;  in  the  fullness  of  time 
the  Saviour  sprinkled  the  book  and  every  name  in 
it  with  his  own  blood,  and  now  there  is  neither  con 
demnation  nor  accusation  for  a  single  one  of  them 
in  this  or  in  any  other  world. 

Men  are  elected  that  they  may  be  made  holy. 
Some  have  dreamt  that  they  were  chosen  because 
they  should  become  saints.  This  doctrine  is  like 
the  baseless  fabric  of  a  vision.  '•  God  hath  from 
the  beginning  chosen  you  to  salvation  through 
sanctification  of  the  spirit  and  belief  of  the  truth/' 
-2  Thess.  ii.  i:i.  "  According  as  he  hath  chosen 
us  in  him  before  the  foundation  of  the  world,  that 
we  should  be  holy  and  without  blame  before  him  in 
love.'' — Eph.  i.  4.  The  m use,  of  election  was  not  the 
prospective  holiness  of  the  chosen,  but  the  unpar 
alleled  love  of  God  ;  and  the  chief  object  of  election 
is  to  make  men  holy. 

Men  are  elected  to  miration.  There  is  an  "  elec 
tion  of  grace.''  but  none  to  perdition.  "  For  whom 
he  did  foreknow,  he  also  did  predestinate  to  be  con 
formed  to  the  image  of  his  Son,  that  he  mi.jht  be  the 
first-born  amnny  many  brethren.  Moreover,  whom 
he  did  predestinate,  them  he  also  called  :  and  whom 
he  called,  them  he  also  justified:  and  whom  he  justi 
fied,  them  he  also  glorified.4' — Horn.  viii.  29,  30.  Pre 
destination  in  this  connection  is  the  equivalent  of 
election.  And  its  first  purpose  is  to  make  men 
like  Christ,  that  he  may  be  at  the  head,  not  of  a 
handful  of  brethren,  but  of  a  multitude,  and  its 
other  purpose  is  to  call,  justify,  and  invest  with 
heavenly  glory  the  Father's  chosen  hosts.  There 
is  no  election  to  destruction  ;  men  are  chosen  to 
celestial  crowns. 

Election  works  in  perfect  harmony  with  the 
human  will.  Jehovah  elected  Saul  king  of  Israel, 
and  Samuel  anointed  him  to  the  office.  No  de 
scendant  of  Jacob,  except  Samuel  and  Saul,  knew 
about  God's  choice,  and  yet  all  Israel  convened  and 
elected  Saul  their  first  king.  The  people  were 


conscious  of  no  interference  with  their  will,  and 
there  was  none,  but,  notwithstanding  this,  they 
simply  ratified  the  appointment  of  Jehovah.  So 
when  God  calls  an  elect  one  to  repentance  and 
faith  he  is  made  willing  by  matchless  grace  and  by 
the  mighty  Spirit,  and  he  feels  a  burning  earnest 
ness  in  his  soul  to  follow  Jesus  Christ,  though  he 
would  have  fled  from  him  forever  if  he  had  not 
given  him  a  new  heart. 

"  Chosen  of  him  ere  lime  began 
We  choose  him  in  return." 

The  evidences  of  election   in  a  believer's  heart 
make  him  brave.     Cromwell's  warriors,  consciously 
chosen   to   heavenly  joys,   were   fitted   for  earthly 
victories,  and   filled  Europe   with  enthusiastic  ad 
miration  for  their  fearless  valor  ;  knowing  them 
selves  to  be  the  elect  of  God,  they  feared  nothing 
human  or  diabolical.     A  consciousness  of  election 
makes  the  Christian  feel  a  burning  gratitude  in  his 
heart   for  him   that  planned  his   salvation   before 
stars  twinkled  in  the  heavens.    An  intelligent  faith 
in  election  and  in  one's  own  choice  of  God  leads  to 
heroic  works   and   sacrifices.     A   saved  electionist 
knows  that  God  has  a  people  in  the  world,  that  this 
people  in  process  of  time,  and   in  millennial  days, 
will  embrace  the  family  of  Adam,  that  God's  whole 
power  will  bo  used   to  render  the  means  successful 
to  bring  these  hidden  jewels  of  heaven  into  gospel 
light,  and  that  instead  of  earthly  uncertainties  he 
has  God's  promises  that  his  word   shall  not  return 
unto  him  void,  and  he   labors  with  untiring  perse 
verance,  confident  of  success.    The  greatest  workers 
in   Christ's   vineyard  have   received  the  Scripture 
doctrine   of  election.      Paul.   Augustine   of  Hippo, 
Calvin.     Cranmer,    John     Knox,     Whitefield,    the 
Evangelical    Episcopalians,  the  Baptists,  the  Pres 
byterians,    the    Congregationalists,   the    men    who 
have  made  this  country  what  it  is,  who  have  given 
Britain    most   of  her   greatness,   and    Continental 
European   Protestantism   much   of  its  glorv,  were 
firm    believers    in  election.      This    Bible    doctrine 
will  yet  bless  the  whole  Christian  family  on  earth 
with  its  light.     Among  the  elect  angels  in  heaven, 
the  elect  believers  before  the  throne,  and  the  elect 
infants  in  Paradise,  from  every  land  and  age,  it  is 
!i  crowning  joy. 
El  Karey,   Rev.   Youhannah,   was  born  in 

'hechem,  now  called  Nablous  ;  this  city  lies  at  the 
)ase  of  Mount  Gerizim,  where  the  Samaritan  tem- 
le,  the  rival  of  the  temple  of  Jehovah  in  Jeru 
salem,  stood.  It  has  a  population  of  about  20,0(10 
persons,  chiefly  Mohammedans.  There  are  a  few 
of  the  Samaritans  there  still,  the  descendants  of 
;he  people  who  owned  the  city  in  Christ's  day, 
and  they  have  not  given  up  the  religion  of  their 
"athers.  Jacob's  well  is  within  a  mile  of  Nablous, 
where  the  Saviour  preached  to  the  woman  of 
Samaria. 


KLKIX 


360 


Mr.  El  Karey  was  educated  in  England  and 
married  to  a  Liverpool  lady.  He  and  his  wife  arc 
now  missionaries  in  Shcchem.  This  Baptist  min 
ister  lias  a  church  of  lt>  baptized  believers,  and  a 
congregation,  meeting  every  Lord's  clay  in  a  chapel 
dedicated  in  October.  187'J.  In  their  house  of  worship 
there  is  a  day-school  for  girls  with  100  scholars,  and 
one  for  boys'with  30.  The  Sunday-school  has  about 
i:><>  pupils.  The  Mohammedan  mothers'  meeting 
has  an  attendance  of  about  70.  Mr.  El  Karey  has 
been  chiefly  supported  through  the  instrumentality 
of  our  brother,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Landels,  of  London. 

Elkin,  Rev.  Robert,  was  a  native  of  Virginia. 
He  emigrated  with  a  large  company  to  the  valley 
of  the  Ilolstein  Uiver  in  1780.  Here  he  constituted 
a  church  with  the  assistance  of  Lewis  Craig  and 
-John  Vivian,  Sept.  28,  17S1.  In  17S3  he  led  his 
Hock  to  what  is  now  Garrard  Co.,  Ky.  The  next 
year  he  led  them  across  the  Kentucky  Kiver  into 
Clark  County,  where  the  church  took  the  name  of 
Howard  Creek,  but,  in  17UO  changed  its  name  to 
Providence.  To  this  prosperous  old  mother-church 
Mr.  Elkin  ministered  until  his  death,  which  oc 
curred  in  March.  1822. 

Elliott,  Hon.  Victor  A.,  was  born  July  23,  1839, 
in  Tio<ra  Co.,  Pa.  He  served  in  the  Union  army 


HON.  VICTOR    A.  ELLIOTT. 

as  captain  and  major  during  the  war,  where  he 
contracted  asthmatic  difficulties,  which  were  the 
occasion  of  his  moving  to  Denver,  Col.,  after  prac 
tising  law  for  a  time  in  Nebraska.  He  followed 
the  same  profession  in  Denver  till  elected,  in  the 
fall  of  1878,  to  the  office  of  judge  of  the  District 


Court.  Judge  Elliott  is  noted  for  promptness,  care 
fulness,  and  integrity  in  his  legal  decisions,  as  well 
as  for  his  spotless  character  and  decided  convic 
tions  in  private  life.  He  is  one  of  the  trustees  of 
the  Denver  Haptist  church. 

Elliott,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  at  Mason, 
X.  H.,  in  178'J.  His  father  was  a  Baptist  minister. 
Converted  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  Joseph  almost  at 
once  became  impressed  that  it  was  his  duty  to 
preach  the  gospel.  Striving  against  such  convic 
tions  he  began  the  study  of  medicine,  but  abandon 
ing  it  ere  long,  he  became  a  preacher  at  the  age  of 
nineteen.  At  twenty  he  was  ordained,  and  during 
forty-five  years,  in  New  England.  New  York,  Ohio, 
and  Illinois,  exercised  his  ministry.  With  preach 
ing  he  frequently  associated  the  work  of  teaching, 
and  in  this  was  highly  successful.  He  died  at 
Monmouth,  111..  Aug.  17.  1858. 

Elliott,  Rev.  W.,  was  born  in  Adams  Co.,  0.. 
March  17.  1811*.  His  parents  belonged  to  the 
Scotch  Presbyterian  Church,  for  the  ministry  of 
which  his  father  had  been  partly  educated.  Young 
Elliott  received  his  education,  literary  and  theologi 
cal,  chiefly  from  his  father,  who  was  an  experienced 
teacher.  When  he  was  about  seventeen  years  old. 
in  October.  I  S3l'),  he  walked  eight  miles  to  receive 
baptism.  He  removed  to  Iowa,  crossing  the  Mis 
sissippi  at  Burlington,  on  May  7,  1842.  and  imme 
diately  began  to  preach.  He  was  present  at  the 
formation  of  the  Iowa  Baptist  Convention,  when 
there  were  but  350  Baptists  in  the  State.  He  was 
ordained  in  October,  1842.  He  was  employed 
eleven  years  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis 
sion  Society.  He  has  served  churches  as  their 
pastor,  but  has  generally  labored  as  an  evangelist, 
and  in  the  latter  calling  he  has  traveled  100,000 
miles,  much  of  it  on  horseback,  and  often  preaching 
three  times  a  day  for  months  in  succession.  In 
]8t'>8  he  was  compelled  to  give  up  his  exhausting 
labors  for  a  time,  only  preaching  occasionally  as 
he  was  able.  He  devotes  his  feeble  strength  to 
protracted  meetings  in  the  winter.  He  lias  labored 
nearly  forty  years  in  Iowa,  and  he  has  been  richly 
blessed  in  his  saintly  toils. 

Ellis,  Rev.  Ferdinand,  was  born  in  Medway, 

Mass.,  in  1780,  and  graduated  at  Brown  University 
in  the  class  of  1802.  For  three  years  after  the 
completion  of  his  college  studies  he  was  a  tutor  in 
the  university.  At  the  end  of  this  engagement 
he  was  ordained  as  a  Baptist  minister,  and  for  a 
time  was  a  colleague  with  Rev.  Dr.  Stillman,  pas 
tor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  Sub 
sequently  he  removed  to  Marblehead,  Mass.,  and 
in  1817  to  Exeter,  N.  II.,  where  he  was  the  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  for  fifteen  years.  Having 
resigned  his  pastorate  in  Exeter,  he  preached  for  a 
short  time  in  several  towns  in  New  Hampshire,  and 
in  Freeport,  Me.  Finally  he  returned  to  Exeter, 


ELLIS 


ELL  YSON 


where  he  died  Feb.  20,  1858.  Several  of  his  ser 
mons  were  published,  and  some  theological  writings 
which  he  prepared  for  the  press.  lie  was  a  very 
useful  minister  of  the  Saviour. 

Ellis,  Frank  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Higgins- 
port.  0..  July  31.  1838.  He  was  educated  at  Shurt- 
leff  College,  and  has  occupied  several  important 
points  as  pastor  before  settling  at  Denver,  Col., 
where  he  commenced  his  labors  March,  1876, 
which  he  prosecuted  for  more  than  four  years,  till 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  Tremont  Temple,  Boston, 
in  June,  1880.  He  is  genial  in  his  manners,  and  an 
able,  efficient,  and  eloquent  preacher.  In  descrip 
tive  powers,  fluency  of  speech,  and  graceful  man 
ners  he  has  few  peers.  His  audiences  in  Denver 
were  very  large.  His  reputation  in  Boston  as  a 
preacher  and  as  a  Christian  is  very  high,  and  ex 
tensive  usefulness  is  expected  from  his  ministry. 

Ellis,  Rev.  Robert,  was  born  in  Wales,  Feb.  3, 
1812.  In  his  twentieth  year  he  connected  himself 
with  the  Baptist  Church.  He  commenced  preaching 
not  long  after,  and  went  through  his  preparatory 
studies  under  the  preceptorship  of  the  Rev.  I.  Wil 
liams,  afterwards  of  Newtown,  than  whom  there 
was  not  a  more  finished  Greek  scholar  or  a  more 
able  Biblical  expositor  within  the  boundaries  of 
the  principality  of  Wales.  Kobert  Ellis  served 
several  churches  with  unquestioned  ability,  the  last 
of  which  was  Carnarvon,  the  scene  of  the  ministry 
of  the  immortal  Christmas  Evans. 

It  was.  however,  as  a  bard  and  writer  that  Robert 
Ellis  excelled.  He  published  a  commentary  on  the 
New  Testament  in  three  volumes,  as  well  as  several 
lectures  and  pamphlets  bearing  on  ecclesiastical 
and  theological  subjects.  lie  devoted  much  at 
tention  to  Welsh  literature.  His  productions  are 
characterized  by  strength  and  purity,  and  that  in 
definable  something  which  always  accompanies 
irenius.  To  the  antiquarian  and  the  bard,  Kobert 
Ellis  was  a  consummate  master  and  an  acknowl 
edged  authority.  As  long  as  the  Welsh  language 
is  spoken  his  name  and  memory  will  be  held  in 
veneration. 

Ellison,  Rev.  Matthew,  was  born  Nov.  10,  iso4. 
He  belongs  to  a  family  of  preachers,  his  father, 
Rev.  James  Ellison,  and  three  of  his  brothers 
having  been  Baptist  ministers.  He  is  now  one  of 
the  oldest  pastors  in  West  Virginia,  and  is  still 
actively  engaged  in  the  work  of  the  Master.  By 
close  application  in  his  youth  he  secured  a  liberal 
education,  and  has  made  good  use  of  it.  It  is 
probable  that  he  has  traveled  more  than  any  other 
minister  in  the  State.  He  has  preached  as  supply 
for  as  many  as  nine  churches  at  a  time,  and  some 
of  them  sixty  miles  apart,  and  has  had  a  meagre 
financial  support. 

Mr.  Ellison  is  an  author  of  some  celebrity.  lie 
has  written  a  book  on  "  Dunkerism,''  a  ''  Plea  for 


the  Union  of  Baptists,"  etc.  He  has  baptized  2000 
persons  and  organized  25  churches.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  prominent  of  our  West  Virginia  ministers. 
He  has  an  excellent  reputation  as  a  Biblical  student 
and  a  controversialist. 

When  he  was  seventy-five  years  of  age  he  gave 
up  all  his  churches,  spent  the  winter  in  writing, 
and  in  the  spring  he  began  to  sell  Bibles  for  the 
American  Bible  Society.  His  home  is  now  at 
Raleigh  Court-House.  W.  Va. 

Ellyson,  Hon.  Henry  K.,  was  born  in  the  city 
of  Richmond,  Va..  on  the  31st  of  July,  1823.  AVhen 
fourteen  years  of  age  he  was  apprenticed  as  a 
printer.  While  learning  his  trade  his  father  died, 
and  he  had  a  mother  and  sisters  to  provide  for. 
Having  served  his  apprenticeship,  he  started  a  small 
job  printing-office,  and  by  the  strict,  methodical 
business  habits,  patient  industry,  and  incorruptible 
integrity  which  have  marked  his  entire  life,  he  soon 
acquired  a  profitable  business  and  the  confidence 
and  esteem  of  the  city.  In  1854  he  was  elected  to 
the  House  of  Representatives,  and  served  for  two 
terms.  In  1857  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  the  city, 
then  a  lucrative  and  very  responsible  office.  By 
successive  elections  he  was  continued  in  the  same 
office  until  1865. 

After  the  fall  of  Richmond  he  and  Jas.  A.  Cow- 
ardin  re-established  the  Daily  Dispatch,  the  most 
influential  and  widely-circulated  journal  in  the 
State.  In  1870  he  was  elected  mayor  of  Richmond. 

Mr.  Ellyson  joined  the  Second  Baptist  church  in 
Richmond  at  an  early  age,  and  lias  been  a  model 
member  ever  since,  punctual  at  all  meetings,  ac 
tive  in  all  work,  liberal  in  his  gifts,  and  pure  in 
his  life.  For  more  than  thirty  years  he  has  been 
superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school,  and  for 
twenty  years  an  active  member  of  the  Board  of 
Foreign  Missions  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Conven 
tion. 

In  1847  he  was  elected  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  State  Mission  Board  of  the  General  Associa 
tion  of  Virginia,  and  in  the  administration  of  its 
affairs  has  displayed  conspicuous  tact,  energy,  abil 
ity,  and  faith.  He  has  not  received  one  cent  as 
compensation  for  his  services.  To  Mr.  Ellyson's 
marvelous  fitness  for  his  office  are  the  Baptists  of 
Virginia  largely  indebted  for  their  growth  and  in 
fluence.  In  1851,  excluding  statistics  that  belong 
to  the  present  West  Virginia,  there  were  in  Vir 
ginia  471  ministers  and  81,557  members.  In  1880 
there  are  703  ministers  and  205,909  members. 

Mr.  Ellyson  has  been  long  identified  with  the 
business  interests  of  Richmond,  being  connected 
with  the  management  of  banks,  railroads,  steam 
boats,  and  insurance  companies.  His  sons  are  ac 
tive  in  religious  and  business  matters.  His  home, 
where  father,  mother,  daughter,  sons,  and  their 
wives  live  as  a  happy  Christian  family,  has  been  a 


ELTON 


308 


ELY 


home  as  well  for  hundreds  of  Baptist  preachers. 
Mr.  Ellyson's  life  is  an  example  and  a  stimulus, 
showing  how  much  consecrated  time;  and  property 
and  talents,  outside  of  the  ministry,  ean  accomplish 
for  the  Master. 

Elton,  Romeo,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Ellington, 
Conn.,  probably  in  1790.  lie  spent  his  early  days 
on  the  farm  of  his  father,  but  was  unfitted  by  tem 
perament  and  physical  weakness  for  agricultural 
pursuits.  Ho  became  a  member  of  Brown  Uni- 
versitv.  and  graduated  in  the  elass  of  1X1,').  Hav 
ing  devoted  some  time  to  the  study  of  theology,  he 
was  ordained  as  the  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist 
church  in  Newport,  11.  I.,  -June  11,  1817.  He  had 
a  successful  ministry,  and  greatly  endeared  himself 
not  only  to  the  people  of  his  own  church,  but  to 
the  community  in  which  he  lived,  by  his  gentleness 
and  suavity,  and  his  upright  Christian  deportment. 
Ill  health  obliged  him  to  resign.  The  same  cause 
also  forced  him  to  give  up  his  ministry  in  Windsor, 
Vt.,  whither  he  had  gone  from  Newport.  An  in 
vitation  having  been  extended  to  him  to  take  the 
chair  of  Professor  of  the  Latin  and  Greek  Lan 
guages  in  Brown  University  in  L82.">,  he  spent  two 
years  abroad,  chiefly  in  Germany,  in  preparing 
himself  for  the  duties  of  his  oilice.  For  sixteen 
years,  from  1827  to  1843,  he  was  connected  with 
Brown  University.  He  won  the  affection  of  his 
pupils  by  his  kindness  of  manner,  and  no  man 
could  come  under  his  influence  without  acknowl 
edging  him  to  be  truly  a  Christian  gentleman  and 
scholar.  He  was  peculiarly  sensitive  and  delicate 
in  his  temperament,  and  was  especially  careful  not 
to  wound  the  sensibilities  of  those  who  came  under 
his  instructions. 

After  resigning  his  professorship  and  passing  a 
few  months  with  his  relatives,  he  went  to  England, 
and  resided  in  Exeter  for  twenty-two  years,  and  in 
Bath  two  years.  While  abroad  he  devoted  himself 
to  literary  pursuits,  preaching  for  Baptist  and  In 
dependent  churches  as  occasion  presented.  His 
life  in  England  seems  to  have  been  a  singularly 
pleasant  one,  congenial  with  his  tastes,  and  pro 
ductive  of  great  satisfaction  to  him,  by  bringing 
him  in  contact  with  literary  people  and  scholars  of 
similar  temperaments  with  his  own. 

Dr.  Elton  returned  to  this  country  in  1809,  and 
resided  in  Rhode  Island  and  Boston,  in  which  city 
he  died,  Feb.  5,  1870.  lie  was  the  compiler  of  the 
"  Remains  of  President  Maxey,"  and  wrote  a  me 
moir  of  Roger  Williams  while  he  resided  in  Eng 
land.  Among  other  bequests  which  he  made  was  one 
of  $20,000  to  establish  a  professorship  of  Natural 
Philosophy  in  Brown  University,  and  nearly  as 
much  more  to  Columbian  College  to  establish  a 
professorship  of  Intellectual  and  Moral  Philosophy. 

Elven,  Rev.  Cornelius,  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's, 
Suffolk,  was  for  fifty  years  the  most  widely-known 


and  esteemed  Baptist  minister  in  the  eastern  coun 
ties  of  England.  He  was  born  at  Bury,  Feb.  12, 
1797,  and  received  a  good  education.  His  family 
belonged  to  the  Congregationalists,  but  in  early 
manhood  he  was  convinced  of  the  Scriptural  char 
acter  of  Baptist  principles,  and  although  the  Bap 
tist  church  in  Bury  was  at  that  time  very  weak  in 
numbers  and  influence,  he  loyally  followed  his 
convictions,  and  was  baptized  May  0,  1821.  Dis 
playing  gifts  which  could  not  be  hid,  he  was  in 
vited  to  preach,  and  on  the  retirement  of  the  pastor 
the  church  called  him  to  be  his  successor.  He  was 
ordained  July,  1823.  For  nearly  forty-nine  years 
he  actively  labored  in  word  and  doctrine  in  this  one 
field,  winning  in  his  native  place  universal  esteem 
and  affection,  and  crowned  with  ministerial  success. 
Even  in  his  declining  years  In;  was  an  attractive 
[•readier.  He  had  a  rich  fund  of  humor,  and  a 
most  retentive  memory,  which  he  laid  under  tribute 
with  remarkable  effect  in  illustrating  and  pressing 
home  divine  truth.  The  common  people  heard  him 
gladly,  and  the  educated  were  charmed  by  his 
naturalness  of  manner,  his  fine  appreciation  of  the 
best  things  in  literature,  and  his  transparent  clear 
ness  of  thought.  In  earlier  life  he  was  a  bountiful 
helper  of  the  poor,  having  then  some  private  re 
sources,  and  throughout  his  career  his  genial, 
kindly  disposition  was  conspicuous.  He  was  the 
firm  friend  of  every  good  cause,  and  an  effective 
advocate  of  liberty  and  progress.  Very  large  in 
person,  he  frequently  found  it  impossible  to  get  into 
the  box-pulpits  with  which  country  meeting-houses 
in  England  were  usually  furnished,  and  he  pointed 
many  a  witticism  at  his  own  expense  on  such  occa 
sions.  But  although  full  of  humor,  and  youthful 
in  feeling  even  in  old  age,  he  was  ever  faithful  to 
his  calling  as  a  minister  of  Christ,  and  by  his  pen 
as  well  as  his  voice;  delighted  to  proclaim  the  gospel 
of  the  grace  of  God.  He  died  as  he  had  lived, 
among  his  own  people,  Aug.  10.  1873,  and  the  pub 
lic  demonstrations  at  his  funeral  showed  that  a 
prophet  may  sometimes  at  least  be  honored  in  his 
own  city. 

Ely,  Hon.  Lewis  B.,  was  born  May  18,  1825.  in 
Frankfort,  Ky.  :  converted  in  1841:  baptized  by 
Rev.  W.  C.  Ligon  in  1842,  and  united  with  the  Bap 
tist  church  at  Carrolton.  Mo.  In  1844  he  formed 
the  mercantile  firm  of  Hill  &  Ely  in  Carrolton, 
where  he  still  lives,  and  has  been  a  successful  and 
honorable  business  man.  He  is  a  deacon  of  his 
church,  and  superintendent  of  its  Sunday-school. 
He  has  been  moderator  of  the  Missouri  Valley  As 
sociation,  a  member  of  the  executive  board  of  the 
State  Association,  for  ten  years  a  trustee  of  Wil 
liam  Jewell  College,  twice  moderator  of  the  Gen 
eral  Association,  and  he  is  now  financial  agent  of 
the  college.  He  is  unassuming,  and  his  honors  are 
pressed  upon  him.  Self-denial,  labor,  benevolence, 


EMKR  Y 


309 


ENGLAND 


humility,  and  sincere  devotion  to  Christ  mark  his 
character.  He  stands  among  the  foremost  of  Mis 
souri  Baptist  laymen  as  a  brother  beloved  and  as  a 
servant  of  Christ  worthy  of  the  esteem  and  affection 
of  all  the  friends  of  Jesus. 

Emery,  Rev.  J.  W.,  was  born  in  Grafton,  Vt., 
May  12,  1823.  His  father,  James  Emery,  removed 
to  the  State  of  New  York  in  1831  and  settled  in 
Tioga  County,  then  a  thinly-settled  community. 
Under  the  preaching  of  Elder  Thomas  S.  Shear- 
down  the  subject  of  our  sketch  was  converted,  and 
was  baptized  by  him  in  the  fall  of  1837.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  1851,  and  ordained  in  1852. 
He  gave  himself  with  much  fervor  to  the  work,  not 
only  serving  till  his  lift;  since  as  pastor  of  some 
church,  but  doing  the  work  of  an  evangelist  almost 
constantly.  Perhaps  no  man  in  the  State  has  been 
more  abundant  in  labors,  or  more  largely  blessed 
in  the  number  of  converts.  He  is  a  tower  of 
strength  wherever  he  has  labored,  and  his  services 
are  in  great  demand.  His  pastorates  have  been  in 
Barton,  Candor,  Canescraga,  Dansville,  Big  Flat, 
Cooper's  Plains,  North  Parma,  Walworth,  Attica, 
Bath,  with  the  last  of  which  he  has  remained  since 
1870.  He  has  been  an  earnest  advocate  of  the 
strict  old  Baptist  faitli  and  practice  for  more  than 
half  a  century,  and  a  firm  supporter  of  all  Baptist 
institutions  and  enterprises.  The  dew  of  his  youth 
is  still  upon  him. 

England,  The  Baptist  of,  a  weekly  family  news 
paper,  was  started  about  seven  years  ago  as  a  low- 
priced  Baptist  paper  of  a  strictly  denominational 
character.  It  is  now  published  at  two  cents  a  week 
by  Elliot  Stock,  62  Paternoster  Row,  London,  and 
it  has  obtained  an  established  position.  Both  sec 
tions  of  the  English  Baptists,  the  General  or  Ar- 
minian,  and  the  Particular  or  Calvinistic  Baptists, 
are  represented  by  it. 

England,  The  Baptist  Magazine  of,  was  com 
menced  in  18()(j.  and  is  the  oldest  of  existing  Eng 
lish  Baptist  periodicals.  It  is  published  monthly, 
.and  contains  original  articles  on  devotional,  literary, 
and  general  religious  subjects  by  leading  members 
of  the  denomination.  For  many  vears  it  was  edited 
by  the  Rev.  William  Groser,  and  was  highly  prized 
not  only  for  the  usual  excellence  of  its  contents, 
but  especially  for  its  biographical  sketches.  Sev 
eral  of  the  leading  ministers  of  the  denomination 
have  at  different  times  taken  part  in  conducting  the 
magazine.  S.  Manning,  1  >.!>..  LL.D..  now  secre 
tary  of  the  Religious  Tract  Society  of  London,  and 
the  Rev.  W.  G.  Lewis,  the  present  editor,  were 
notably  successful  in  enlisting  the  services  of  able 
writers,  including  some  of  the  most  eminent  pas 
tors.  From  the  commencement  the  profits  arising 
from  the  sale  have  been  given  to  the  widows  of 
Baptist  ministers  at  the  recommendation  of  the 
contributors.  The  total  amount  of  these  grants  up 


to  the  present  time  (18SO)  is  over  §35,000.  One 
excellent  feature  of  the  magazine  is  the  publishing 
of  the  Missionary  Herald  under  the  same  wrapper, 
so  that  its  readers  are  put  in  possession  of  the  facts 
of  the  work  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society  from 
month  to  month.  It  is  published  by  Yates  &  Al 
exander,  Castle  St.,  Holborn,  London. 

England,  The  Baptist  Missionary  Society 
of,  owes  its  origin,  under  God,  to  the  energy  and 
faith  of  William  Carey.  Although  other  men  of 
similar  mould  had  a  share  in  the  glory  of  reviving 
the  missionary  zeal  of  the  churches  of  Christ,  the 
name  of  Carey  stands  pre-eminent.  It  was  while 
he  was  living  at  Moulton.  Northamptonshire,  as 
pastor  of  the  feeble  Baptist  church  in  that  village, 
and  keeping  school  to  make  his  income  equal  to  his 
wants,  that  the  great  object  of  his  life  first  pre 
sented  itself  forcibly  to  his  mind.  When  teaching 
the  village  children  geography,  pointing  out  the  dif 
ferent  countries  and  peoples  of  the  world  on  the  map, 
and  saying  again  and  again,  "  These  are  Christians, 
and  these  are  Mohammedans,  and  these  are  Pagans," 
it  occurred  to  him,  ''I  am  now  telling  these  chil 
dren  as  a  mere  fact  a  truth  of  the  most  melancholy 
character."  This  simple  thought  was  the  germ  of 
modern  missions.  His  attention  was  arrested  ;  his 
sympathies  were  aroused  ;  he  searched  the  Bible 
and  prayed  earnestly  to  ascertain  what  was  the 
duty  of  Christians  to  the  heathen  world.  After 
keeping  his  thoughts  to  himself  for  some  time,  he 
ventured  to  introduce  it  as  a  subject  of  conversa 
tion  when  lie  met  his  ministerial  brethren.  At  a 
fraternal  meeting  of  ministers  at  Northampton,  he 
proposed  as  a  topic  for  discussion,  "The  duty  of 
Christians  to  attempt  the  spread  of  the  gospel 
among  heathen  nations;"  but  he  had  hardly  uttered 
the  words  when  Mr.  Ryland,  Sr.,  sprang  to  his  feet 
and  denounced  the  proposition.  "  Young  man,  sit 
down;  when  God  pleases  to  convert  the  heathen, 
he  will  do  it  without  your  aid  or  mine."  Andrew 
Fuller,  who  was  present,  said  that  his  own  feelings 
respecting  the  proposal  were  very  like  those  of  the 
incredulous  courtier  in  Israel,  '•  If  the  Lord  should 
make  windows  in  heaven,  might  such  a  thing  be  !" 
Carey,  however,  was  nothing  daunted  by  the  frowns 
and  doubtings  of  his  brethren.  At  length  a  few 
kindred  spirits  expressed  sympathy,  feeble  at  first, 
but  gathering  strength  continually,  and  he  pre 
pared  a  pamphlet  on  the  subject,  which  he  showed 
in  manuscript  to  Mr.  Fuller,  Mr.  Sutcliffe,  and  Dr. 
Ryland.  They  urged  him  to  revise  it,  and  coun 
seled  deliberation,  more  in  the  hope  of  escaping 
from  his  importunities  than  from  any  serious  pur 
pose  of  encouraging  his  project.  In  1780  Carey  re 
moved  to  Leicester,  where  his  circumstances  were 
somewhat  improved,  and  his  opportunities  for  pros 
ecuting  his  missionary  studies  were  multiplied. 
He  continued  to  press  the  subject  upon  the  minds 


KXfiLAXD 


*70 


ENGLAND 


of  his  brethren  in  the  ministry,  especially  seeking 
to  win  the  approval  of  the  younger  men  who  were  j 
rising  into  denominational  influence.  At  a  meet 
ing  held  at  Clipston  in  1791.  the  discourses  de 
livered  appeared  to  bear  a  missionary  aspect,  and 
Carev  ur^ed  that  some  practical  steps  should  be 
taken  then  and  there  ;  but  those  who  sympathized 
with  him  most  shrank  from  the  responsibility,  and 
pronounced  the  plan  too  vast  for  their  obscure  posi 
tion  and  limited  resources.  They  advised  him, 
however,  to  publish  his  manuscript,  which  he  had 
revised  and  re-revised  at  their  suggestion,  before  the 
next  meeting  of  the  Association,  to  be  held  at  Not 
tingham,  in  May,  1792.  It  was  arranged  that  Carey 
should  preach,  and  having  announced  his  text 


erirv  overcame  all  objections  and  diiiiculties,  and 
under  his  influence,  with  fervent  prayer  for  di 
vine  assistance,  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society  was 
formed.  A  committee  of  live  was  appointed,  consist- 
ingof  AndrewFuller,.John  llyland.  Reynold  Hogge, 
John  Sutclifi'e,  and  William  Carey.  Mr.  Fuller  was 
made  secretary,  and  Mr.  Iloggo  treasurer,  and  a 
subscription  was  immediately  taken  up  of  ;Clo  2.v. 
£><!.  No  sooner  was  the  subscription  thus  filled  up 
than  Carey  offered  himself  as  a  missionary,  ready 
to  embark  for  any  part  of  the  heathen  world  to 
which  they  might  choose  to  send  him.  As  soon  as 
Samuel  IVarce  came  back  from  the  Kettering  meet 
ing  to  his  people  at  Birmingham,  he  aroused  their 
interest  so  much  that  upwards  of  five  times  the 


THE    HOUSE    IX    KETTERING,  ENGLAND,   IN    WHICH    THE    BAPTIST    MISSIONARY    SOCIETY    WAS    FORMED. 


(Isaiah  liv.  2,  3),  he  deduced  the  two  proposi 
tions  which  have  become  familiar  sayings  all  over 
the  world,  (1st)  expect  great  things  from  God  ;  (2d) 
attempt  great  things  for  God.  Into  this  discourse 
he  poured  the  long  pent-up  feelings  of  his  soul 
with  electrical  effect.  But  when  the  excitement 
of  the  hour  had  passed  away,  the  feelings  of  hesi 
tation  and  doubt  again  appeared,  and  it  needed 
an  indignant  expostulation  from  Carey  to  procure 
the  passage  of  a  resolution  that  a  plan  should  be 
prepared  against  the  next  ministers'  meeting  for 
the  establishment  of  a  society  for  propagating  the 
•rospel  among  the  heathen.  This  meeting  in  due 
time  convened  at  Kettering,  on  the  2d  of  Oc 
tober,  1792.  After  the  usual  services  of  the  day, 
the  ministers,  twelve  in  number,  proceeded  from  the 
meetinir-house  to  the  parlor  of  the  mansion  of  Mrs. 
Beeby  Wallis.  a  widow  lady,  a  member  of  Mr. 
Fuller's  church,  and  there  discussed  the  question 
of  establishing  a  missionary  society.  Carey's  en- 


amount  of  the  original  subscription  was  forwarded 
from  Birmingham  alone,  and  an  auxiliary  society 
was  formed.  This  example  was  followed  by  other 
churches,  and  the  committee  soon  found  themselves 
possessed  of  no  inconsiderable  resources.  Still  the 
interest  felt  in  the  movement  was  local,  and  limited 
to  comparatively  few  churches.  The  ministers  and 
congregations  in  London  deemed  it  a  mere  burst 
of  wild  enthusiasm,  which  would  soon  burn  itself 
out.  Andrew  Fuller  afterwards  described  the  situ 
ation  in  these  words  :  "  When  we  began,  in  1792, 
there  was  little  or  no  respectability  among  us  ;  not 
so  much  as  a  squire  to  sit  in  the  chair,  or  an  orator 
to  make  speeches  to  him.  Hence  good  Dr.  Sten- 
nett  advised  the  London  ministers  to  stand  aloof 
and  not  commit  themselves."  Indeed,  the  only 
minister  from  whom  Carey  received  any  sympathy 
in  the  metropolis  was  a  clergyman  of  the  Estab 
lished  Church,  the  venerable  John  Newton,  the  in- 
!  tiinatc  friend  of  Dr.  Kyland,  of  whom  Carey  said, 


ENGLAND 


371 


ENGLA  ND 


•'  lie  advised  me  with  the  fidelity  and  tenderness 
of  a  father.''  The  determination  to  adopt  India  as 
the  mission  field  was  brought  about  by  a  commu 
nication  from  Mr.  John  Thomas,  a  physician,  who 
had  resided  in  Bengal  for  some  years,  and  had  long 
desired  to  promote  Christian  missionary  operations 
in  that  country.  On  the  receipt  of  Mr.  Thomas's 
letter,  Andrew  Fuller  went  to  London  to  make  in 
quiries  regarding  him,  which  proving  satisfactory, 
the  committee  invited  Mr.  Thomas  to  join  the  so 
ciety  and  accompany  Carey.  But  obstacles  arose 
which  were  not  surmounted  until  several  months 
had  passed.  Funds  requisite  for  the  expense  of  the 
vo3Tatre  were  raised  with  considerable  difficulty,  the 
wealthier  members  of  the  London  churches  being 
either  opposed  to  the  scheme,  or  apathetic.  Then 
the  question  of  getting  a  passage  had  to  be  solved. 
Xo  English  vessels  were  then  allowed  to  go  to 
India  except  those  of  the  East  India  Company,  and 
the  captains  of  the  company's  ships  were  strictly 
prohibited  to  take  passengers  without  a  license 
from  the  India  House.  The  East  India  Company 
being  resolutely  opposed  to  missionary  operations, 
and  all  attempts  to  procure  a  license  for  the  mis 
sionaries  having  failed,  it  was  finally  determined  to 
go  without  one.  An  arrangement  was  made,  but 
at  the  last  moment,  after  they  had  got  on  board  the 
vessel,  information  arrived  which  compelled  their 
leaving  the  ship.  At  length  a  Danish  vessel  bound 
to  Calcutta  was  found,  and  terms  being  arranged 
through  Mr.  Thomas's  energy,  the  party  sailed 
on  the  13th  of  June,  1793,  and  arrived  safely  in 
Calcutta  on  the  llth  of  November.  New  difficul 
ties  almost  immediately  arose.  Their  resources 
were  inadequate,  and  Mr.  Thomas's  management 
of  pecuniary  matters  was  unfortunate.  It  became 
necessary  for  both  missionaries  to  accept  employ 
ment,  which  was  providentially  offered  in  connec 
tion  with  the  indigo-factories  of  a  Christian  gentle 
man,  who  compassionated  their  situation.  Carey, 
for  the  next  five  years,  regularly  devoted  a  fourth 
and  upwards  of  his  salary  to  the  objects  of  the 
mission.  As  soon  as  lie  had  acquired  sufficient 
fluency  in  the  native  language,  he  daily  assembled 
the  laborers  and  servants  of  the  factory  for  Chris 
tian  worship  and  instruction,  and  constantly  itine 
rated  in  the  surrounding  villages.  He  also  began 
the  translation  of  the  New  Testament,  and  procured 
a  printing-press.  In  1796  he  was  joined  by  Mr. 
Fountain,  who  had  been  sent  out  by  the  society,  and 
two  years  later  Carey  wrote  to  Fuller  that  new  mis 
sionaries  might  be  introduced  into  the  country  as 
assistant  indigo  planters.  Acting  on  this  sugges 
tion,  and  encouraged  by  the  increase  of  the  mis 
sionary  spirit  in  the  churches,  the  committee  sent 
out  four  missionaries  and  their  families  in  1799.  two 
of  whom  died  soon  after  their  arrival,  but  the  two 
others.  Joshua  Marshman  and  William  Ward,  were 


destined,  in  the  course  of  Providence,  to  share  with 
Carev  in  the  establishment  of  Christian  civilization 
in  India.  But  the  jealous  suspicions  of  the  Indian 
authorities  had  by  this  time  gathered  around  Carey, 
and  the  new  missionaries  were  landed  at  Scram  pore, 
a  Danish  settlement,  before  the  Calcutta  officials 
could  arrest  them.  All  efforts  failing  to  procure  per 
mission  to  join  Carey,  he  determined  to  make  Serain- 
pore  the  headquarters  of  the  mission,  and  arrived 
there  with  his  family  on  the  10th  of -January,  1800. 
For  nearly  twenty-five  years  Carey,  Marshman.  and 
Ward  continued  to  labor  unitedly  in  what  was 
known  throughout  the  world  as  the  work  of  the 
Serampore  mission.  They  threw  all  their  earnings 
into  a  common  fund,  and  from  this  resource  con 
tributed  nearly  £80.000  to  the  work.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Marshman  conducted  flourishing  boarding-schools 
for  many  years,  which  secured  the  mission  from 
pecuniary  destitution  in  its  earlier  history.  Carey 
was  appointed  Professor  of  Bengalee  in  Fort  Wil 
liam  College.  Calcutta,  and  devoted  his  salary  to 
the  mission  work.  Ward  was  a  practical  printer, 
and  by  his  successful  management  of  the  printing 
department  greatly  aided  the  mission  treasury. 
Providing  thus  for  the  permanent  support  of  the 
mission,  they  gave  opportunity  for  the  sending  out 
of  other  laborers,  and  attained  a  position  of  influence 
in  the  European  community  at  Calcutta.  Their  resi 
dence  under  the  Danish  flag  at  Serampore  secured 
them  from  the  outbreaks  of  Anglo-Indian  hatred  of 
missions,  and  yet  afforded  all  the  ad  vantages  of  a  met 
ropolitan  position  for  their  work.  In  March,  1812, 
the  printing-office  with  all  its  contents  was  totally 
destroyed  by  fire,  but  the  calamity  only  served  to 
test  and  develop  the  strength  of  the  missionary  spirit. 
Contributions  poured  in  upon  Mr.  Fuller  and  the 
committee  in  England  until  the  whole  loss  was  more 
than  covered.  The  death  of  Fuller,  in  1815,  was  a 
severe  loss,  and  was  keenly  felt,  particularly  by  the 
older  missionaries.  Dr.  Hyland  succeeded  him  as 
secretary,  assisted  by  Mr.  Dyer,  and  differences  of 
opinion  arose  which  ultimately  led  to  the  severance 
of  the  Serampore  missionaries  from  the  society.  A 
separate  organization  in  England  undertook  the 
charge  of  the  Serampore  work,  and  in  1818  the 
college  was  established.  The  abolition  of  the  re 
strictions  on  missionary  work  in  India  now  gave 
free  scope  to  evangelical  zeal,  and  other  commun 
ions  besides  the  Baptists  entered  in  and  possessed 
the  land.  But  to  Carey  and  his  associates  belongs 
the  honor  of  ''  the  forlorn  hope.1'  As  Mr.  J.  C. 
Marshman,  in  his  history  of  the  Serampore  mis 
sion,  justly  says,  "  They  were  the  first  to  enforce  the 
necessity  of  giving  the  Scriptures  to  all  the  tribes 
of  India.  Their  own  translations  were  necessarily 
and  confessedly  imperfect;  but  imperfections  may 
be  overlooked  in  the  labors  of  men  who  produced 
the  first  editions  of  the  New  Testament  in  so  many 


ENGLAND 


ENGLAND 


of  the  Oriental  languages  and  dialects,  and  gave 
that  impulse  to  the  work  of  translation  which  still 
sustains  it.  They  were  the  first  to  insist  on  the 
absolute  exclusion  of  caste  from  the  native  Chris 
tian  community  and  church.  They  established  the 
first  native  schools  for  heathen  children  in  Hin- 
doostan,  and  organi/ed  the  first  college  for  the  edu 
cation  of  native  catechists  and  ministers.  They 
printed  the  first  books  in  the  language  of  Bengal, 
and  thus  laid  the  foundation  of  a  vernacular  litera 
ture  ;  and  they  were  the  first  to  cultivate  and  im 
prove  that  language  and  render  it  a  suitable  vehicle 
for  national  instruction.  They  published  the  first 
native  newspaper  in  India,  and  issued  the  first 
religious  periodical.  In  all  the  departments  of 
missionary  labor  and  intellectual  improvement  they 
led  the  way.  and  it  is  on  the  broad  foundation  which 
they  were  enabled  to  lay  that  the  edifice  of  modern 
Indian  missions  has  been  erected.''  When  the  ju 
bilee  of  the  society  was  celebrated  at  Kettering  in 
October,  1842,  only  one  of  its  founders,  Mr.  Hogge, 
the  first  treasurer,  remained  alive.  All  the  senior 
missionaries  also  had  passed  away,  Dr.  Marsh  man, 
the  last  survivor,  having  died  in  1830.  The  breach 
which  had  taken  place  between  the  society  and  the 
Scram  pore  brethren,  after  the  death  of  Andrew 
Fuller,  and  which  kept  them  apart  for  several 
years,  had  been  healed.  Missions  had  been  estab 
lished  in  the  West  Indies,  which  had  been  remark 
ably  successful,  also  in  the  Bahamas  and  Central 
America.  New  stations  had  been  opened  in  India 
and  Ceylon,  in  connection  with  which  many  able 
and  devoted  missionaries,  besides  the  Serampore 
band,  had  labored  with  encouraging  results.  At 
the  end  of  the  first  fifty  years  the  mission  churches 
in  India  contained  978  native  members,  and  about 
300  Europeans  in  separate  fellowship.  In  -Jamaica 
there  were  upwards  of  25.000  church  members  :  in 
the  Bahamas,  1170;  and  in  Central  America,  132. 
The  work  of  translation  had  been  continued  by  Dr. 
Yates  and  other  brethren,  so  that  the  whole  or 
part  of  the  Scriptures,  with  myriads  of  tracts,  in 
forty-four  languages  and  dialects,  attested  their 
zeal  and  success.  The  funds  contributed  at  the 
jubilee  services  enabled  the  society  to  enlarge  its 
operations.  New  fields  were  opened  in  Western 
Africa,  Trinidad,  and  Hayti.  A  mission  in  Brit 
tany,  France,  which  the  Welsh  churches  had  estab 
lished,  was  adopted  somewhat  later,  and  a  training 
college  for  the  education  of  teachers  and  native 
ministers  was  founded  at  Calabar,  Jamaica.  In 
1859  the  China  mission  was  entered  upon,  and  help 
was  rendered  to  sustain  Baptist  mission  work  in 
Norway,  Canada,  and  Germany.  In  1867  the 
membership  of  the  native  churches  in  India  had 
increased  to  2300,  after  deducting  all  losses.  The 
entire  number  of  persons  in  fellowship  in  all  the 
mission  churches  connected  with  the  society,  ex 


clusive  of  the  Jamaica  churches,  which  had  become 
self-sustaining  in  a  great  measure,  was  0500.  The 
translating  and  printing  of  the  Scriptures  and 
Christian  literature  have  been  greatly  prospered 
during  the  later  period  of  the  society's  history.  No 
Indian  mission  has  so  remarkable  a  record  in 
this  department  of  Christian  work.  Dr.  AVenger, 
Rev.  C.  B.  Lewis,  ami  Rev.  Mr.  House  are  on  all 
hands  recognized  as  worthy  and  distinguished  suc 
cessors  of  Carey  and  his  coadjutors.  In  1878  the 
report  showed  that  the  Indian  mission  still  engaged 
the  larger  portion  of  the  society's  efforts,  but  that 
new  fields  had  been  opened  up  in  Western  Africa  and 
Italy.  The  total  receipts  for  all  purposes  for  the 
year  amounted  to  €50,008  17.s'.  \()d..  a  large  increase 
on  the  income  of  the  preceding  year.  Among  the 
more  important  features  of  the  modern  history  of 
the  society,  the  mission  at  Home  and  in  other  parts 
of  Italy  is  to  be  mentioned,  and  also  the  wonder 
fully  laborious  and  successful  career  of  Mr.  Saker 
in  Western  Africa. 

England,  Legal  Baptism  in.— At  this  moment 

two  clergymen  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  established 
by  law  in  England,  are  in  prison  for  violating  the  ec 
clesiastical  enactments  and  decisions  which  claimed 
their  obedience.  Outside  of  the  state  church  they 
could  practise  any  customs  agreeable  to  themselves 
and  not  injurious  to  others.  But  the  laws  of  the 
Church  of  England  have  the  force  of  civil  statutes, 
and  inflict  secular  pains  and  penalties  upon  those 
who  break  them. 

Dr.  Richard  Burn,  a  former  chancellor  of  the 
diocese  of  Carlisle,  compiled  a  body  of  ecclesiastical 
enactments,  canons,  customs,  decisions, — a  church 
code  in  short.— which  he  called  "  Ecclesiastical 
Law."  He  is  an  Episcopalian  Blackstone  very 
much  in  demand  among  the  clergy  of  the  English 
Church.  Of  the  mode  of  baptism  he  says,  "At 
first  baptism  was  administered  publicly  as  occasion 
served,  by  rivers.  Afterwards  the  baptistery  was 
built  at  the  entrance  of  the  church  or  very  near  it : 
which  had  a  large  basin  in  it  that  held  the  persons 
to  be  baptized,  and  they  went  down  by  steps  into 
it.  Afterwards,  when  immersion  came  to  be  dis 
used,  fonts  were  set  up  at  the  entrance  of  the 
churches. 

"  The  priest  taking  the  child  into  his  hands, 
shall  say  to  the  godfathers  and  godmothers,  '  Name 
this  child  :'  and  then  naming  it  after  them,  if  they 
shall  certify  him  that  the  child  may  well  endure 
it.  he  shall  dip  it  in  the  water,  discreetly  and  warily, 
sayin<r,  '  N.,  I  bapti/.e  thee,  iu  the  name  of  the 
Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost  ;' 
but  if  the  child  is  weak  it  will  suffice  to  pour  water 
upon  it."  (Burn's  Ecclesiastical  Law,  vol.  i.  pp. 
101,  103.  London,  1787.)  Until  1S42  this  work 
had  passed  through  nine  editions.  The  statement 
about  the  mode  of  baptizing  in  the  above  is  the 


ENGLISH 


373 


ENGLISH 


doctrine  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  it  is  at  the 
same  time  the  civil  law  of  England  for  the  admin 
istration  of  baptism  in  the  Established  Church. 
Hence  it  follows,  according  to  the  highest  authority 
on  ecclesiastical  law : 

1st.  That  in  England  baptism,  in  the  beginning, 
was  administered  at  rivers,  and  afterwards  in  a 
baptistery  at  the  entrance  of  the  church  or  very 
near  it,  with  a  basin  large  enough  to  hold  the  bap 
tized,  to  which  they  went  down  by  steps,  before 
immersion  was  disused. 

iM.  That  if  the  godfathers  and  godmothers  shall 
certify  the  clergyman  that  the  child  can  well  en 
dure  dipping,  he  must  dip  it,  or  risk  civil  penalties 
for  his  disobedience. 

3d.  That  pouring  is  not  the  proper  mode  of 
baptism  in  the  Church  of  England,  but  a  mere  make 
shift,  which  may  "suffice"'  for  weak  children,  but 
should  never  be  administered  to  the  healthy. 

English  Baptists,  Historical  Sketch  of.— The 

Christian  religion  was  introduced  into  Britain  in 
the  second  century,  and  it  spread  with  great  rapid 
ity  over  the  ancient  inhabitants, — that  is,  over  the 
Britons,  or  Welsh,  not  over  the  English,  who  came 
to  their  present  home  as  pagans  in  the  fifth  century, 
and  afterwards  gave  it  their  name.  The  ancient 
Britons,  unlike  the  English,  were  not  converted  by 
missionaries  from  Rome,  but  apparently  by  minis 
ters  from  the  East,  like  Irenaeus,  the  Greek  bishop 
of  Lyons,  in  France.  The  Britons  refused  obedi 
ence  to  the  commands  of  the  pope,  and  they  ob 
served  some  customs  in  opposition  to  the  usages  of 
the  Romish  Church.  It  is  highly  probable  that 
when  Augustine  landed  in  Britain  in  the  end 
of  the  sixth  century,  infants  were  not  baptized  in 
that  country.  "  Pedobaptism  was  not  known  in 
the  world  the  first  two  ages  after  Christ;  in  the 
third  and  fourth  it  was  approved  by  a  few.  At 
length,  in  the  fifth  and  following  ages,  it  began  to 
obtain  in  diverse;  places.''  Prof.  Curcellacus,  of 
Amsterdam,  a  Pedobaptist,  states  the  truth  in  the 
foregoing  declaration.  (Crosby,  iii.,  Preface,  p. 
xviii.)  As  the  Britons  had  no  relations  with 
Africa,  the  birthplace  of  infant  baptism,  and  no  • 
religious  ties  with  Rome,  and  little  intercourse  with 
the  distant  East  at  that  period,  it  is  most  likely  that 
the  infant  rite  was  wholly  unknown  among  them. 
When  Augustine  had  his  celebrated  conference  with 
the  British  bishops  at  Augustine's  Oak,  in  603,  lie  de 
manded  three  things  from  them  :  "  To  keep  Easter 
at  the  due  (Roman)  time;  to  administer  baptism, 
by  which  we  are  again  born  to  God,  according  to 
the  custom  of  the  holy  Roman  Apostolic  Church ; 
and  jointly  with  us  to  preach  the  Word  of  God  to 
the  English  nation.'1  Bede's  report  of  this  meeting 
in  his  "  Ecclesiastical  History,"  lib.  ii.  cap.  2,  is 
undoubtedly  true.  By  some  the  demand  about 
baptism  is  regarded  as  infallible  testimony  that  the 


ancient  British  at  this  time  did  not  baptize  infants. 
This  view  lays  too  much  stress  upon  the  report  of 
Bede.  The  ancient  Britons  had  a  different  tonsure 
from  the  Romish  monks  and  their  English  sacerdo 
tal  converts,  and  the  lack  of  uniformity  about  this 
practice  was  the  cause  of  bitter  controversy  ;  and 
so  it  is  possible  that  the  ancient  Britons  may  have 
immersed  infants,  but  with  ceremonies  obnoxious 
to  Augustine.  The  probabilities,  however,  are  al 
together  in  favor  of  the  view  that  they  rejected  the 
baptism  of  such  children  and  unconscious  babes  as 
were  immersed  at  that  time  in  Rome.  It  should  be 
remembered  that  in  the  Eternal  City  at  this  period, 
and  for  some  ages  later,  little  children  were  cate 
chised  and  baptized  twice  a  year.  The  truth  about 
the  Britons  of  Augustine's  day  is  that  they  were 
most  probably  Baptists,  and  most  assuredly  not 
Roman  Catholics.  The  Irish  and  Scotch  in  that 
day  were  in  perfect  harmony  with  the  ancient 
Britons  in  wholly  rejecting  papal  authority,  and 
most  probably  infant  baptism.  St.  Patrick  was 
converted  just  as  Christians  are  now,  he  baptized 
converts  in  rivers  and  wells,  as  may  be  seen  in 
"  The  Baptism  of  the  Ages,"  and  to  us  he  appears 
to  have  been  a  Baptist  missionary  ;  his  religious 
successors  in  Ireland,  and  in  the  Scotch  churches 
which  sprang  up  from  their  missionary  labors,  and 
the  ancient  British  churches,  continued  independent 
of  Rome  for  a  considerable  period,  and  Lcradually 
fell  into  the  papal  apostas5r,  the  Irish  yielding  last 
to  the  sacerdotal  tyranny  of  the  Seven  Hills. 

Among  the  people  now  called  English,  the  An 
gles,  Jutes,  and  Saxons,  who  first  began  to  enter 
Britain  in  the  middle  of  the  fifth  century,  and 
whose  conversion  to  Romish  Christianity  com 
menced  in  the  end  of  the  sixth,  Baptist  doctrines 
had  no  place  for  ages  after  the  death  of  Augustine, 
their  apostle. 

In  the  twelfth  century  about  thirty  Publicans  of 
foreign  birth  appeared  in  England.  They  were 
rustic  in  their  manners,  blameless  in  their  lives,  and. 
their  leader,  Gerhard,  was  a  man  of  some  learning. 
They  made  one  Englishwoman  a  convert  to  their 
doctrines.  She  was  probably  the  first  Baptist  of 
Anglo-Saxon  birth.  These  persons  took  "  the  doc 
trine  of  the  Apostles  as  their  rule  of  faith."  They 
were  orthodox  about  the  Trinity  and  the  incarna 
tion,  but  ''  they  rejected  baptism  and  the  holy  Eu 
charist  :"  that  is,  they  rejected  infant  baptism,  like 
their  Albigensian  brethren  on  the  Continent,  and 
the  Romish  mass,  together  with  the  remaining  papal 
sacraments.  A  council  of  bishops  met  at  Oxford 
in  1160  to  try  these  pious  rejectors  of  papal  author 
ity,  and  when  they  were  threatened  with  punish 
ment  for  refusing  to  submit  to  the  Catholic  Church, 
they  replied,  "  Blessed  are  they  that  suffer  perse 
cution  for  righteousness'  sake,  for  theirs  is  the 
kingdom  of  heaven."  The  council  condemned 


KXGLIKH 


374 


ENGLISH 


them.  Upon  this  Henry  1 1.  ordered  them  to  be 
whipped  out  of  town  after  being  branded  in  the 
forehead,  and  lie  forbade  any  one  ''  to  entertain 
them  or  give  them  any  manner  of  relief.''  They 
endured  their  sufferings  joyfully,  and  departed,  led 
by  Gerhard,  singing,  "  Blessed  are  ye  when  men 
shall  hate  von.'1  The  severity  of  the  winter,  the 
superstitious  dread  of  heresy,  and  the  terror  of  the 
king,  destroyed  these  poor  people  by  hunger  and 
cold.  (Collier's  Eecles.  Hist,  of  Great  Britain,  ii. 
iML'-lio.  London.  1*40.) 

That  there  were  numbers  who  held  Baptist  sen 
timents  among  the  Lollards  and  the  followers  of 
"U  ickliffe  we  have  no  reason  to  doubt.  Robinson, 
the  Baptist  historian,  says,  '•  I  have  now  before  me 
a  .MS.  register  of  Grey,  bishopof  Ely,  which  proves 
that  in  the  year  14.~>7  there  was  a  congregation  of 
this  sort  (Baptist)  in  this  village  where  1  live,  who 
privately  assembled  for  divine  worship  and  had 
preachers  of  their  own,  who  taught  them  the  very 
doctrine  which  we  now  preach.  Six  of  them  were 
accused  of  heresy  by  the  tyrants  of  the  district,  and 
condemned  to  abjure  heresy,  and  do  penance  half 
naked,  with  a  faggot  at  their  backs,  and  a  taper  in 
their  hands,  in  the  public  market-place  of  Ely  and 
Cambridge,  and  in  the  church- yard  of  Great  SwafF- 
ham."  The  charges  against  them  in  substance 
were,  that  "  they  denied  infant  baptism  (item,  quod 
puer  .  .  .  nee  egeat,  nee  baptizari  debeat  .  .  .)  ; 
that  they  rejected  extreme  unction  ;  and  said  that 
the  pope  was  antichrist,  and  his  priests  were  devils 
incarnate.''  (  Robinson's  Notes  on  Claude's  Essay. 
ii.  53,  55.)  These  Baptists  held  the  truth  before 
Luther  preached  the  doctrine  of  justification  by 
faith,  or  Cranmer  favored  the  Reformation  in  Eng 
land.  We  have  reason  to  suppose  that  in  the  mul 
titudes  of  English  Lollards  there  were  many  Ana 
baptists,  and  not  a  few  conventicles  like  the  one  at 
Chesterton. 

In  1538,  according  to  Bishop  Unmet,  "there 
was  a  commission  sent  to  Cranmer,  Stokeslv, 
Sampson,  and  some  others,  to  inquire  after  Ana 
baptists,  to  proceed  against  them,  to  restore  the 
penitent,  to  burn  their  books,  and  to  deliver  the 
obstinate  to  the  secular  arm."  At  this  period  the 
Baptists  in  England  were  circulating  their  denomi 
national  literature,  and  were  sufficiently  numerous 
to  disturb  the  head  of  the  nation.  In  1. ">!'>()  the 
Anabaptists  were  not  only  numerous  in  England, 
but  some  of  them  were  "  creeping  into  Scotland." 
and  John  Knox  was  afraid  that  they  might  "  insidi 
ously  instill  their  poison  into  the  minds  of  some  of 
his  brethren,"  and  he  lifted  his  powerful  pen  against 
our  people,  to  refute  their  arguments,  and  to  keep 
them  out  of  Scotland.  In  1553.  when  the  great 
Scotch  Reformer  was  in  London,  an  Anabaptist 
called  upon  him  at  ••  his  lodging"  and  "  gave  him  a 
book  written  by  one  of  this  party,  which  lie  pressed 


him  to  read."  (MeCrie's  Life  of  John  Knox, 
p.  137.  Philadelphia,  1S4.~>.)  Ivimcy  (i.  138)  says, 
"  It  is  thought  the  General  Baptist  Church  of  Can 
terbury  has  existed  for  two  hundred  and  fifty  years 
(written  in  1811).  and  that  -Joan  Boucher  was  a 
member  of  it.  who  was  burned  in  the  reign  of  Ed 
ward  VI."  This  would  make  1  50 1,  the  year  when 
the  church  was  founded,  but  it  must  have  existed 
eleven  years  earlier  if -Joan  of  Kent  belonged  to  it: 
and  it  may  have  been  older  than  1550.  Ivimey 
ri-presents  the  church  at  Eyethorne  as  formed  be 
fore  1581.  Dr.  Some,  an  English  Episcopalian,  of 
great  repute,  wrote;  a  treatise  in  158',*  against  Bar 
row,  Greenwood,  and  others  of  the  Puritan  sect. 
'•  wherein  he  endeavored  to  show  what  agreement 
there  was  between  the  opinions  of  the  English  Ana 
baptists  and  these  men.  Dr.  Some  acknowledges 
that  there  were  several  Anabaptistical  conventicles 
in  London  and  other  places,  that  some  of  this  sect, 
as  well  as  the  Papists,  had  been  bred  at  the  uni 
versities.''  (Crosby,  i.  70.)  At  this  period  the  Bap 
tists  with  separate  places  of  meeting  and  educated 
ministers  must  have  been  in  the  enjoyment  of  con 
siderable  prosperity. 

In  Kill,  Thomas  Ilelwvs.  pastor  of  the  English 
Baptist  church  of  Amsterdam,  in  Holland,  con 
cluded  that  it  seemed  cowardly  to  stay  out  of  his 
country  to  avoid  persecution,  and  that  it  was  his 
duty  to  return  and  preach  the  truth  at  home,  and 
cheer  his  suffering  brethren  ;  his  church,  when 
he  gave  his  reasons,  agreed  to  n'o  with  him  ;  and 
probably  in  M')li2  the  Amsterdam  English  Baptist 
church  was  in  London,  and  very  soon  became  a 
strong  community. 

In  K>20  the  English  Baptists  presented  King 
James  I.  a  very  able  petition,  in  which  they  declare 
their  loyalty,  tell  his  majesty  about  their  grievous 
imprisonment  ''  for  many  years  in  divers  counties 
in  England,"  explain  their  principles,  and  appeal 
to  the  king,  and  to  the  Parliament  then  sitting,  to 
relieve  them  from  persecutions.  At  this  period 
there  was  undoubtedly  a  considerable  number  of 
Baptists  in  England  ;  some  of  them  formed  into 
churches,  and  others  scattered  throughout  the 
nation.  The  foundation  was  in  existence  for  that 
magnificent  denominational  success  which  thirty 
years  later  astonished  Baptists  themselves  and 
utterly  confounded  those  who  disliked  them. 

PARTICULAR    BAPTISTS. 

In  lf>1A  a  Congregational  church  was  established 
in  London,  of  which  Henry  Jacob  was  the  first 
pastor.  His  successor  in  11)33  was  John  Lathorp. 
At  that  time  certain  members  of  the  church  holding 
Baptist  sentiments  sought  its  sanction  to  form  a 
church  of  baptized  believers.  The  approval  was 
iriven.  The  new  church  was  organized  Sept.  12, 
1633.  This  community  was  the  first  English  Cal- 


KXGLIH1T 

vinistical  or  Particular  Baptist  church  whose  special 
history  we  can  trace  with  the  greatest  facility. 
John  Spilsbury  was  its  first  pastor.  (Crosby,  i. 
148.) 

The  Protectorate  was  a  period  of  remarkable 
Baptist  growth.  Our  brethren  were  full  of  zeal. 
They  used  the  press  in  every  direction  ;  peddlers 
cried  Baptist  books  for  sale  up  and  down  the  streets 
of  cities  and  towns  as  newsboys  invite  customers 
among  us  for  the  daily  papers:  tracts  were  dis 
tributed  in  the  army  and  elsewhere  :  sermons  were 
preached  in  the  streets  by  brethren  and  on  the 
doorsteps  by  sisters,  like  the  godly  women  of  Bed 
ford  who  told  John  Bunyan  about  the  Saviour; 
soldiers  preached  to  each  other  in  the  barracks  and 
on  the  march:  and  the  officers  were  heralds  of  sal 
vation  when  they  had  an  opportunity.  And  as  a 
result  Baptist  principles  triumphed  to  an  extent 
that  created  wonder  and  alarm. 

Maj.-Gon.  Overtoil,  according  to  Clarendon."""  was 
a  Baptist,  a  man  of  great  religious  fervor,  and  a 
fearless  soldier.  Gen.  Lilburn  was  an  enthusiastic 
Baptist.  Lieut. -(Jen.  Fleetwood,  the  son-in-law  of 
Cromwell,  as  the  "  Parliamentary  History"!  states, 
was  a  Baptist.  Richard  BaxterJ  represents  Gen. 
Ludlow,  the  commander-in-chief  of  the  forces  in 
Ireland,  as  "the  head  of  the  Anabaptists  in  that 
country."  (Jon.  Harrison  was  a  Baptist  worthy  of 
immortal  regard.  Clarendon  describes  "  Vice-Ad 
miral  Lawsoii  as  a  notorious  Anabaptist  who  had 
filled  the  fleet  with  officers  and  mariners  of  the 
same  principles."^  Of  the  governors  and  colonels 
the  number  belonging  to  the  Baptists  was  remark 
able.  And  wherever  the  Knglish  army  or  fleet  was 
found  the  Baptists  made  themselves  felt.  IvimeyH 
quotes  a  letter  from  Capt.  Richard  Deano  to  Dr. 
Barlow,  bishop  of  Lincoln,  in  which  he  says,  "  In 
the  year  104'.)  the  Baptists  greatly  increased  in  the 
country,  and  their  opinions  did  likewise  spread 
themselves  into  some  of  the  regiments  of  horse  and 
foot  in  the  army:  and  in  11)50  arid  afterwards  some 
professing  this  opinion  were  called  from  their  pri 
vate  employments  and  preferred  to  commands  at 
sea.  Among  others  Capt.  Mildmay.  to  command 
the  admiral's  flag-ship,  under  the  Duke  of  Albe- 
inarl-!  (Monk),  when  he  was  one  of  the  'generals 
at  sea'  :  Capt.  Pack,  to  command  the  flag-ship  under 
Sir  George  Ascue,  rear-admiral  :  Sir  John  Harman 
to  command  the  admiral's  flag-ship  under  his  royal 
highness  the  Duke  of  York."  "  In  and  after  lo4(J 
their  numbers  did  increase,  insomuch  that  the  prin 
cipal  officers  in  divers  regiments  of  horse  and  foot 

*  Clarendon's   History   of   the   Rebellion,    iii.   (in.    7'JS.      Oxford, 

t  Evans's  Karly  Kniilish  Baptists,  ii.  1'Jil,  'im.  'J14.     London. 

I  IJuxtcr'8  Life,  till,  7<J. 

§  History  of  the  Rebellion,  iii.  7^S.     Oxford,  17<n;. 

Ii  Ivimey's  History  of  the  English  Baptists,  i.  :>'J.->,  2!»G.     London. 


)  EXGLISH 

became  Anabaptists,  particularly  Oliver  Cromwell's 
own  regiment  of  horse,  when  fie  was  captain-gen 
eral  of  all  the  Parliament's  forces;  and  in  the 
Duke  of  Albemarle's  own  regiment  of  foot,  when 
he  was  general  of  all  the  English  forces  in  Scot 
land."  The  writer  of  this  letter  was  a  Baptist, 
and  a  "  general  at  sea"  with  Gens.  Blake  and 
Monk.  In  that  day  this  title  meant  the  highest 
grade  of  admiral.  Gen.  Lilburn's  troops  had  a 
large  representation  of  Baptists,  who  held  religious 
meetings  wherever  they  were1  on  duty  ;  and  their 
denominational  sympathies  were  as  well  known 
in  England  as  the  Presbyterianism  of  Sir  Ar 
thur  Ilaslerig,  or  the  Congregationalism  of  Oliver 
Cromwell.  'Thomas  Harrison  writing  Secretary 
Thurloe  from  Dublin  in  U>55.*r  describing  the  Bap 
tists  in  Ireland,  says,  '•  They  have  governors  of 
towns  and  cities,  twelve  at  least;  colonels,  ten: 
lieutenant-colonels,  three  or  four:  majors,  ten: 
captains,  nineteen  or  twenty  :  officers  in  the  civil 
list,  twentv-three  ;  and  many  [others]  of  whom  1 
never  heard."  The  writer  of  this  letter  begins  it 
with  expressions  of  sorrow  for  a  country  with  such 
a  list  of  Baptists  in  official  positions.  These  Bap 
tists  were  all  Englishmen  temporarily  located  in 
Ireland.  Probably  in  the  list  above  Col.  Sadler, 
the  governor  of  Galway.  is  counted,  who.  according 
to  Heath,**  with  all  his  officers,  were  Anabaptists. 
The  most  remarkable  record  of  Baptist  progress  in 
the  Knglish  army  in  Ireland  we  have  from  tin- 
ready  pen  of  icood,  murmuring  Richard  Baxter. 
He  says  that  in  Cromwell's  sway.  "  In  Ireland  the 
Anabaptists  were  grown  so  high  that  many  of  the 
soldiers  were  rcbapti/.ed  [immersed]  as  the  way  to 
preferment;  and  they  who  opposed  them  were 
crushed  with  uncharitable  fierceness."  This  is  a 
proof  of  popularity  and  influence,  the  force  of 
which  we  can  easily  appreciate.  The  unprincipled 
heathen  enrolled  themselves  as  Christians  when 
Constantino  the  Great  proclaimed  himself  a  fol 
lower  of  the  Redeemer.  And  in  Ireland,  as  Mr. 
Baxter  affirms.  Baptist  principles  wen-  so  precious 
to  men  in  power  that  Pedobaptist  soldiers,  with  an 
accommodating  conscience,  professed  to  adopt  them 
to  secure  higher  positions  in  the  army.  In  a  letter 
addressed  to  Cromwell,  and  preserved  by  Thurloe, tf 
his  principal  secretary,  written  after  he  made  him 
self  a  dictator,  and  after  he  began  to  persecute 
Baptist  soldiers  because  they  disliked  his  despotical 
assumptions.it  is  asked,  "Have  not  the  Anabap 
tists  filled  your  towns,  your  cities,  your  provinces, 
your  castles,  your  navies,  your  tents,  your  armies, 
except  that  which  went  to  the  West  Indies,  which 
prospered  so  well?''  This  army  was  shamefully 


«'  Tlmrloe's  State  Papers,  iv.  HI.     London.  1741 

**  IleathV  Chronicles,  p.  4:;*. 

ft  Thnrloe's  State  Tapers,  iii.  V.ii-l.     London,  1742 


ENGLISH 


376 


ENGLISH 


defeated  at  Hispaniola.  The  writer  then  puts  some 
other  questions  to  the  Lord  Protector:  il  1st. 
AVhether  you  had  come  to  that  height  you  are  now 
in  if  the  Anabaptists  had  been  as  much  your  ene 
mies  as  they  were  your  friends?  2nd.  Whether 
the  Anabaptists  were  ever  unfaithful  either  to  the 
Commonwealth,  itc.,  in  general,  or  to  your  highness 
in  particular?  3rd.  Whether  Anabaptists  are  not 
to  be  commended  for  their  integrity,  which  had 
rather  keep  good  faith  and  a  good  conscience,  al 
though  it  may  lose  them  their  employment  [in  the 
army],  than  to  keep  their  employment  with  the 
loss  of  both?  .  .  .  Gth.  Whether  one  hundred  of 
the  old  Anabaptists,  such  as  marched  under  your 
command  in  .1(548,  J(>4(,),  and  HMO,  £c.,  be  not  as 
good  as  two  hundred  of  your  new  courtiers,  if  you 
were  in  such  a  condition  as  you  were  at  Dunbar  ?v 
It  was  at  Dunbar,  near  Edinburgh,  where  Crom 
well  gained  a  great  victory  over  30.000  splendid 
Scotch  troops,  with  an  army  not  more  than  10,000 
strong  of  all  arms,  and  greatly  discouraged  by  sick 
ness  and  want,  many  of  whom  were  valiant  Ana 
baptists.  From  this  letter,  the  truth  of  which  can 
not  be  questioned,  the  Baptists  occupied  many 
positions  of  great  importance  and  power  under  the 
Commonwealth  and  under  Cromwell. 

But  the  most  convincing  evidence  of  the  influence 
possessed  by  the  Baptists  just  before  the  restoration 
of  Charles  II.  is  found  in  the  efforts  made  by  the 
Presbyterians  to  place  that  monarch  on  the  throne. 
The  first  Stuart  monarch  of  England  renounced  his 
Presbyterian  education  and  professed  principles,  and 
ever,  after  he  entered  England,  was  a  malignant 
enemy  of  the  church  of  Calvin  and  Knox.  His  son, 
Charles  I.,  was  a  wicked  persecutor  of  everything 
borderingon  Presbyterianism.  Charles  II.  before  he 
ascended  the  throne  of  his  fathers  showed  no  reliable 
mark  of  improvement  to  win  the  favor  of  an  honest 
Presbyterian.  Nor  had  he  a  single  confidential 
friend  whose  character  afforded  one  ray  of  hope  that 
Charles  was  more  favorably  disposed  to  Presby 
terianism  than  his  father  or  his  grandfather.  The 
Presbyterians  of  England  and  Scotland  restored 
Charles  II.  No  one  competent  to  give  an  opinion 
denies  this.  AV7hy  did  they  engage  in  such  work? 
They  have  a  grand  character  as  the  friends  of 
liberty  and  of  God.  Wre  have  wept  in  reading 
the  records  of  their  martyrs,  and  gloried  in  the 
courage  of  their  heroes.  How  came  they  to  place 
on  the  throne  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  a 
treacherous  Roman  Catholic  ?  Guizot,*  the  French 
Protestant  statesman,  tells  the  secret  when  lie 
says,  "The  king's  interest  is  also  supported  by 
the  Presbyterians,  although  they  are  republicans 
in  principle:  and  it  is  only  the  fear  that  the  Ana 
baptists  and  other  sectaries  may  obtain  the  govcrn- 


*  Gui/.ot's  Richard  Cromwell,  i.  407. 


ment  which  leads  them  to  oppose  the  present  au 
thorities.''  The  Presbyterians  at  the  period  re 
ferred  to  by  Guizot,  just  before  the  restoration,  had 
only  been  placed  in  possession  of  the  government  for 
the  first  time  in  several  years.  The  Episcopalians, 
when  Richard  Cromwell  withdrew  from  the  gov 
ernment,  were  of  little  account.  The  Independents 
and  Cromwell  had  it  for  a  long  time  ;  and  the  new 
rulers  were  alarmed  lest  the  Anabaptists  should 
seize  the  reins  of  state  and  give  lasting  liberty  of 
conscience,  which  to  them  was  odious,  and  spread 
their  principles  still  more  widely  through  all  ranks 
of  society  ;  and  they  joined  the  old  cavaliers  to 
bring  the  royal  exile  from  Breda  because  the  Bap 
tists  were  so  numerous  and  powerful  that  they  were 
afraid  they  might  sei/e  the  government.  The  kin<_r, 
on  obtaining  the  crown,  crushed  the  Presbyterians 
without  pity,  and  wickedly  persecuted  the  Baptists. 
They  were  imprisoned  in  loathsome  dungeons  ;  in  one 
place  sixty  of  thorn  were  confined  in  a  room  nine  feet 
wide  and  fourteen  feet  long  :  in  many  of  the  jails  the 
Baptists  were  brought  in  such  throngs  that  some 
had  to  stand  while  others  lay  down  to  sleep.  Mul 
titudes  died  through  the  foul  air  of  the  prisons. 
Others  were  kicked,  beaten,  and  outrageously 
abused,  until  deatli  came  to  their  relief.  Some 
were  sold  as  slaves  in  Jamaica.  Henry  Forty  was 
imprisoned  twelve  years  in  Exeter;  John  Bunyan. 
during  the  same  period,  in  Bedford  ;  another  min 
ister  twenty  years  in  the  same  place  ;  and  others 
were  hung,  drawn,  and  quartered.  But  the  martyr 
spirit  never  exhibited  itself  more  gloriously  than 
among  these  Baptist  worthies.  Their  enemies  were 
confounded,  if  they  were  not  conquered,  by  their 
blessed  expressions  and  heroism,  in  losses,  confine 
ment,  and  agonizing  pains. 

Their  love  of  the  widest  liberty  of  conscience, 
and  of  pure  democracy,  had  unquestionably  an  ex 
tensive  influence  in  shaping  public  opinion  under 
Charles  II.  and  James  II.  in  Great  Britain.  So 
that  at  last  the  high-churchmen,  whose  fathers 
bled  on  many  battle-fields  for  the  divine  right  of 
kings  and  the  passive  obedience  of  subjects,  began 
to  believe  that  Englishmen  had  some  rights  which 
even  kings  should  be  compelled  to  respect:  and 
James  II.,  by  the  persuasive  threatenings  of  an 
angry  people,  fled  to  France,  and  William  III., 
the  illustrious  Hollander,  ascended  the  throne  of 
Britain  with  the  joyful  acclamations  of  most  Eng 
lishmen,  and  the  speedy  obedience  of  all  ;  and  from 
him  and  the  nation  came  ''The  Toleration  Act,"  and 
an  extension  and  consolidation  of  British  liberty ; 
results  of  a  glorious  revolution,  many  of  the  seeds 
of  which  were  planted  by  the  teachings  and  in 
structive  sufferings  of  our  British  Baptist  fathers 
of  the  seventeenth  century. 

From  the  persecutions  of  the  last  two  Stuart  kings 
the  Baptists  in  England,  for  a  long  period,  did  not 


ENGLISH 


37' 


ENGLISH 


recover.  They  had  been  robbed,  murdered,  com 
pelled  to  emigrate,  and  destroyed  in  prison  in  thou 
sands,  nevertheless  they  continued  to  hope,  and 
they  labored  faithfully  for  the  Master.  A  time  of 
religious  declension  darkening  the  latter  part  of  the 
seventeenth  and  more  than  a  third  of  the  eighteenth 
century  was  as  great  a  calamity  to  our  brethren. 
In  1720  the  Bristol  Baptist  college  was  founded,  and 
in  succeeding  years  it  largely  blessed  the  churches  ; 
now  there  are  five  colleges  in  England  among  the 
Particular  Baptists.  The  great  awakening  under 
the  preaching  of  Whitelield  exerted  an  immense  in 
fluence  over  Great  Britain,  in  the  blessings  of  which 
the  Baptists  shared.  The  descending  Spirit  contin 
ued  to  favor  them  richly,  and  they  projected  the 
mission  to  India,  and  sent  out  Dr.  Carey,  the  pioneer 
missionary  of  modern  times.  At  present  the  Eng 
lish  Baptists  are  doing  a  noble  work  for  their  own 
country,  and  for  various  quarters  of  the  heathen 
world.  In  England  proper  there  are  30  Associa 
tions,  1954  churches,  1385  ministers,  195,199  mem 
bers. 

It  is  probable  that  the  first  Baptist  church  in  Ire 
land,  since  the  decline  of  early  Irish  Christianity, 
was  planted  in  Dublin  by  Thomas  Patient.  He 
was  a  minister  of  apostolic  zeal,  and  for  years  co- 
pastor  with  William  Kiffin,  of  London.  In  1653 
churches  existed  in  Waterford,  Clonmel,  Kilkenny, 
Cork,  Limerick,  Wexford,  Carrickfergus,  and  Kerry. 
But  as  the  Baptist  officers  and  soldiers  of  Crom 
well's  army  left  these  localities  the  churches  in 
some  cases  must  have  been  immediately  broken  up. 
At  present  the  churches  in  Ireland  number  only 
29,  with  1358  members.  Baptist  churches  were 
planted  in  Scotland  by  Cromwell's  soldiers.  The 
church  at  Leith  was  among  the  very  first.  But,  as 
in  Ireland,  our  denomination  has  had  little  pros 
perity,  so  we  have  failed  seriously  to  impress  the 
Scotch.  We  have  90  churches,  and  9096  members, 
in  the  land  from  which  the  immortal  Knox  warned 
us.  Many  distinguished  men  have  been  identified 
with  the  British  and  Irish  Baptists,  such  as  Ilan- 
serd  Knollys,  William  Kiffin,  John  Milton,  John 
Bunyan,  John  Gill,  John  Howard,  William  Carey, 
John  Foster.  Andrew  Fuller,  Robert  Hall,  Alex 
ander  Carson,  the  Ilaldanes,  Sir  Henry  Havelock, 
C.  II.  Spurgcon,  and  others,  sketches  of  whom 
will  be  found  in  this  work.  (See  article  on  WELSH 
BAPTISTS.) 

GENERAL    BAPTISTS. 

Until  1633  we  have  no  distinct  account  of  the 
existence  of  an  English  Baptist  church  resting  on 
a  basis  wholly  Calvinistical.  After  that  period  the 
points  of  difference  between  the  Arminian  and  Cal 
vinistical  churches  are  clearly  defined.  The  Gen 
eral  Baptists  were,  and  still  nominally  are,  Armin- 
ians.  Their  first  Confession  of  Faith  was  issued  in 
25 


Holland  in  1611.  In  1660  they  published  another, 
which  received  the  sanction  of  20,000  persons.  At 
this  period,  just  after  the  unhappy  assumption  of 
royal  power  by  Charles  II.,  they  were  quite  nu 
merous.  In  1678  another  creed  was  published  by 
a  section  of  the  General  Baptists,  which  was  de 
signed  to  approach  Calvinism  as  closely  as  its  com 
pilers  dared.  In  1691  the  members  of  this  bo<!y 
living  in  Somersetshire  and  adjacent  counties  issued 
another  Confession.  After  having  done  much  for 
the  cause  of  God  and  truth,  and  grown  to  consid 
erable  strength,  some  of  the  General  Baptists 
adopted  Unitarian  sentiments,  and  others  followed 
their  example.  The  innovation  led  to  bitter  con 
troversies,  and  as  in  the  similar  case  of  the  old 
English  Presbyterians,  to  the  decay  and  dissolution 
of  churches  ;  this  heresy  caused  deep  sorrow  to 
Christ's  remaining  friends,  who  mourned  over  the 
doctrinal  errors  and  lax  discipline  of  their  churches, 
and  at  last,  in  1770,  they  formed  The  New  Con 
nection  of  General  Baptists,  under  the  leadership 
of  two  pastors,  Dan  Taylor,  of  Wadsworth,  York 
shire,  and  W.  Thompson,  of  Boston,  Lincolnshire, 
for  the  purpose  of  reviving  Scriptural  piety  and 
evangelical  sentiments  among  the  old  General  Bap 
tists.  Their  first  step  was  to  send  a  deputation  to 
the  Assembly  of  General  Baptists  in  London  stating 
tbeir  reasons  for  separation,  and  bidding  their 
former  associates  farewell.  On  the  following  d;n 
Dan  Taylor  preached  to  the  new  body  from  2  Tim. 
i.  8  :  "  Be  not  thou  ashamed  of  the  testimony  of  our 
Lord,"  and  presided  over  the  meeting  which  then 
formally  initiated  the  New  Connection  of  General 
Baptists.  In  order  that  there  might  be  no  uncer 
tainty  as  to  what  they  considered  the  faith  and 
practice  of  primitive  Christianity,  a  creed  of  six 
articles  was  proposed  and  adopted,  not  as  a  com 
plete  exposition  of  their  whole  belief,  but  as  a  dec 
laration  of  their  views  on  the  points  which  had 
been  often  debated  between  them  and  their  old  as 
sociates.  This  creed  \vas  also  intended  to  constitute 
a  test,  without  agreement  to  which  their  former 
friends  could  not  enter  the  new  communion.  It 
was  also  considered  desirable  that  every  minister 
should  give  an  account  of  his  religious  experience 
at  their  next  meeting  in  1771,  for  their  satisfaction 
concerning  the  reality  of  each  other's  conversion. 
The  six  articles  expressed  orthodox  views  concern 
ing  the  fall  of  man,  the  nature  and  perpetual  obli 
gation  of  the  moral  law,  the  person  and  work  of 
Christ,  salvation  by  faith,  regeneration  by  the  Holy 
Spirit,  and  baptism.  The  last  article  reads  as  fol 
lows  :  "  We  believe  that  it  is  the  indispensable  duty 
of  all  who  repent  and  believe  the  gospel  to  be  bap 
tized  by  immersion  in  Avater,  in  order  to  be  initiated 
into  a  church-state  ;  and  that  no  person  ought  to 
be  received  into  the  church  without  submission  to 
that  ordinance/'  The  number  of  churches  uniting 


ENGLISH 


ENGLISH 


was  seven  only,  some  of  them  far  asunder  as  to 
locality,  but  containing  upwards  of  1200  members. 
Repeated  attempts  were  made  to  reunite  the  Old 
and  Xew  Connections,  but  without  avail.  The 
seceders  went  -steadily  forward  in  the  work  of  edi 
fication  and  extension,  providing  a  collection  of 
hvinns,  and  a  catechism  containing  the  most  im 
portant  principles  of  religion  and  reasons  for  dis 
sent  from  state-churches.  They  agreed  to  hold  an 
annual  Association  in  different  places,  and  to  pub 
lish  a  Circular  Letter,  written  by  appointment,  to 
gether  with  the  minutes  of  each  yearly  meeting. 
In  1797  it  was  determined  to  provide  assistance  to 
candidates  for  the  ministry.  Pursuant  to  this  reso 
lution  an  academy  was  opened  in  January,  1798,  in 
London,  and  placed  under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  Dan 
Taylor.  About  the  same  time  a  magazine  was 
started  to  aid  in  sustaining  the  academy.  This 
enterprise  having  failed,  another  periodical  was 
brought  out,  called  the  Repository,  in  which  the 
general  transactions  of  the  body  were  recorded,  and 
a  medium  of  communication  opened  on  subjects  of 
common  interest.  The  missionary  spirit  which  had 
been  aroused  among  the  Particular  Baptists  found 
favor  with  many  members  of  the  New  Connection, 
and  contributions  were  made  to  the  Baptist  Mis 
sionary  Society.  In  1816,  however,  it  was  resolved 
to  form  a  new  mission,  the  operations  of  which 
should  be  under  the  supervision  of  the  annual  As 
sociation.  The  mission  has  labored  with  distin 
guished  efficiency  and  success,  mainly  in  the  prov 
ince  of  Orissa.  Bengal.  Its  income  from  all  sources 
for  the  year  ending  May  31,  1877,  was  £9332. 
Home  missionary  work  is  carried  on  in  the  districts 
where  the  churches  are  chiefly  found,  under  the 
management  of  conferences,  from  which  reports  are 
made  to  the  annual  assembly  of  ministers  and  del 
egates.  Most  of  the  churches  of  which  the  New 
Connection  was  first  constituted  were  located  in  the 
midland  district  of  England,  namely,  Leicester 
shire,  Nottinghamshire,  Lincolnshire,  and  Derby 
shire.  Although  they  now  number  184  churches, 
and  are  scattered  over  twenty  counties,  the  strength 
of  the  denomination  is  still  found  in  the  midland 
district.  All  the  churches  still  unite  in  one  Asso 
ciation,  meeting  annually  by  their  representatives 
for  the  transaction  of  business  and  for  fraternal 
fellowship.  The  latest  returns  show  a  total  mem 
bership  of  nearly  25,000.  The  annual  assembly 
consists  of  ministers  who  are  members  ex  officio, 
and  of  representatives  sent  from  the  churches  in  a 
certain  fixed  ratio.  It  is  never  held  in  any  place 
oftener  than  once  in  seven  years.  The  affiliated 
churches  are  expected  to  contribute  to  the  support 
of  the  denominational  institutions,  such  as  home 
and  foreign  missions  and  the  college.  If  any  church 
declines  to  render  this  support,  it  forfeits  its  right 
of  speaking  or  voting  in  relation  to  these  institu 


tions.  Whilst  acknowledging  the  perfect  inde 
pendence  of  the  churches,  and  avoiding  all  synodic 
action  which  would  infringe  it,  the  assembly  claims 
the  right  to  guard  the  faith  and  morals  of  the  Con 
nection,  and,  if  need  be,  to  cut  off  a  church  from 
fellowship.  In  like  manner  any  minister  convicted 
of  heresy  or  immorality,  even  if  his  church  should 
adhere  to  him,  would  be  disowned,  and  his  name 
erased  from  the  ministerial  list.  As  the  name 
"General  Baptist''  indicates,  the  body  professes  the 
doctrine  of  u  general  redemption,''  in  opposition  to 
the  doctrine  of  "  [(articular  redemption,"  which  is 
the  tenet  of  the  Particular  or  Calvinistic  Baptists. 
It  is  commonly  supposed  that  the  designation  Gen 
eral  Baptist  refers  to  the  practice  of  open  or  free 
communion.  But  the  article  on  baptism  already 
cited  is  sufficient  to  show  that  the  General  Baptists 
restrict  communion  to  the  baptized.  The  practice 
of  the  churches  of  the  New  Connection  is  not,  how 
ever,  uniform  in  this  matter.  Another  mistake  is 
not  uncommon,  the  origin  of  which  is  also  traceable 
to  the  name.  As  "general"  is  sometimes  taken  in 
the  sense  of  universal,  it  is  presumed  that  the  Gen 
eral  Baptists  are  Universalists, — a  mistake  which 
receives  countenance  from  the  fact  that  the  old  body 
from  which  the  New  Connection  seceded  has  now 
almost  entirely  merged  into  the  Unitarian  denomi 
nation.  Efforts  have  been  made  from  time  to  time 
to  amalgamate  the  New  Connection  with  the  larger 
body  known  as  the  Particular  Baptists,  but  no 
formal  action  has  been  taken  by  either  section. 
Almost  all  the  churches  belong,  however,  to  the 
Baptist  Union  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  Mem 
bers  are  freely  transferred  by  letters  of  dismission 
from  one  body  to  the  other,  and  General  Baptist 
churches  sometimes  choose  Particular  Baptist  pas 
tors,  and  some  General  Baptists  have  been  settled 
over  Particular  Baptist  churches.  In  later  years 
some  of  the  ministers  and  churches  of  the  New 
Connection  have  approximated  to  the  views  of 
modern  Calvinists.  The  college  at  Chilwell,  near 
Nottingham,  for  the  training  of  ministerial  stu 
dents,  is  well  sustained.  It  has  fine  premises,  in 
cluding  a  detached  residence  for  the  president,  and 
between  seven  and  eight  acres  of  land.  Many 
eminent  ministers  and  missionaries  have  been  sent 
forth  from  this  institution,  and  the  standard  of 
ministerial  education  has  been  raised  to  as  high  a 
level  as  in  other  theological  seminaries.  The  mis 
sionary  work  of  the  body  in  Orissa  has  become 
famous  through  the  zeal  and  success  of  such  de 
voted  laborers  as  Sutton,  Peggs,  Goadly,  Buckley, 
Stubbins,  Barley,  and  others.  Among  those  min 
isters  who  have  lately  labored  or  are  still  laboring 
in  the  home  field,  the  names  of  Pike,  Stevenson, 
Hunter,  Goadly,  Burns,  Matthews,  Clifford,  and 
Cox  are  widely  known  as  preachers  and  writers  of 
eminent  ability  and  usefulness.  Though  possessing 


EPHRATA 


379 


the  field  at  an  earlier  day  than  their  Calvinistical 
brethren,  they  have  never  obtained  the  same  meas 
ure  of  success. 

Ephrata  is  in  Cocolico  Township,  Lancaster 
County,  sixty  miles  from  Philadelphia.  In  1770 
the  village  was  frequently  called  Tunkerstowri 
(Dipperstown),  and  it  had  about  thirty  or  forty 
buildings.  Conrad  Eeissel.  a  Seventh-Day  Baptist, 
located  here  in  173.').  and  soon  a  community  which 
he  had  formed  at  Mill  Creek,  Pa,,  gathered  around 
him. 

There  were  three  places  of  worship  in  this  vil 
lage.  One  adjoined  the  apartments  of  the  sisters, 
and  it  was  regarded  as  their  chapel,  arid  one  was 
near  the  house  of  the  brethren  for  their  use  ;  the 
third  was  a  common  church  built  some  distance 
from  the  chapels,  where  brethren,  sisters,  and  the 
married  people,  with  their  families,  met  once  a 
week  for  worship.  The  churches  wero  called  Sharon, 
Bethany,  and  Zion,  and  all  belonged  to  the  same 
small  community. 

The  sisters  adopted  the  dress  of  nuns,  and  the 
brethren  that  of  White  Friars,  with  some  altera 
tions.  Both  took  the  vow  of  celibacy,  and  when 
any  one  broke  the  vow  he  quitted  the  single  men's 
house  and  lived  among  the  neighboring  married 
people.  Those  devoted  to  a  single  life  slept  at  first 
on  board  benches  with  blocks  for  pillows,  but  a 
little  later  they  became  backsliders  somewhat,  and 
used  beds.  The  men  wore  their  beards.  The 
brethren  obtained  a  living  by  farming,  a  printing- 
office,  a  paper-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  an  oil-mil?; 
and  the  sisters  by  spinning,  weaving,  and  sewing. 
They  kept  the  seventh  day  for  the  Sabbath.  Their 
singing  in  worship  was  charming.  Notwithstanding 
their  peculiar  appearance,  a  "smiling  innocence 
and  meekness  grace  their  countenances  and  make 
their  deportment  gentle  and  obliging."  This  was 
their  state  in  1770  according  to  Morgan  Edwards. 

Errett,  Hon.  Russell,  was  born  in  New  York 
in  1817,  and  removed  to  Pennsylvania  in  1829. 
He  is  by  profession  an  editor,  and  has  held  va 
rious  public  offices.  In  1800  lie  was  elected  comp 
troller  of  Pittsburgh  ;  he  was  clerk  of  the  Penn 
sylvania  senate  for  three  different  sessions;  was 
appointed  paymaster  in  the  U.  S.  army  in  ISb'l. 
and  served  until  mustered  out  in  1806  ;  l)e  was 
elected  to  the  State  senate  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1867;  he  was  appointed  assessor  of  internal  rev 
enue  in  1SG9,  serving  until  1873.  He  was  three 
times  elected  from  the  22d  district  of  the  State  as 
their  Representative  in  Congress,  in  which  capacity 
he  is  now  doing  good  service. 

Russell  Errett  was  baptized  in  Pittsburgh,  and 
held  his  first  membership  in  the  church  of  the  Dis 
ciples,  but  coining  to  Mansfield,  Alleghany  County. 
he,  together  with  his  wife,  united  with  the  newly- 
formed  regular  Baptist  church,  and  has  found  here 


a  suitable  home.  His  brother  Isaac  is  editor  of  the 
Christian  Standard,  Cincinnati.  0.,  and  was  bap 
tized  at  the  same  time. 

Mr.  Errett  is  a  conscientious  Christian,  a  Repre 
sentative  of  distinguished  ability,  and  a  public  man 
of  great  purity  of  life. 

Espy,  T.  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Cass  Co.,  Ga..  in 
1837  ;  educated  at  Howard  College,  Ala. ;  three 


T.    B.    ESPY,   D.D. 

years  a  chaplain  in  Confederate  army;  pastor  two 
years  at  Athens,  Ga.  ;  then  became  pastor  two  years 
of  First  Baptist  church,  Little  Rock,  Ark.  ;  in  1873, 
in  connection  with  T.  P.  Boone.  became  editor  and 
publisher  of  the  Western  Baptist,  at  Little  Rock, 
which  was  suspended  in  1879.  He  then  became 
connected  with  the  Baptist  Reflector,  and  at  present 
is  connected  with  the  American  Baptist  Flay,  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  Dr.  Espy  has  engaged  creditably  in 
four  public  discussions.  His  residence  is  Little 
Rock,  Ark. 

Estabrooks,  Rev.  Elijah,  was  one  of  the  pioneer 
Baptist  ministers  of  New  Brunswick,  who  often 
attended  the  meetings  of  the  Baptist  Association  of 
Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick  in  its  early  his 
tory,  and  was  for  many  years  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Waterbury.  Queens  Co.,  New  Brunswick, 
and  labored  much  in  that  county  and  in  the  settle 
ments  on  the  upper  St.  John,  preaching  the  gospel 
earnestly  and  with  marked  tokens  of  God's  approval. 

Estee,  Rev.  Sydney  A.,  was  born  in  Salem. 
Washington  Co..  N.  Y.,  in  1808.  At  twenty  years 
of  age  he  united  with  the  Baptist  church  of  his 
native  town,  and,  deciding  to  prepare  for  the  min^ 


RSTKI* 


istry,  studied  ;it  Cambridge  Academy,  and  after 
wards  at  Hamilton.  His  first  settlement  as  pastor 
was  at  Westport,  X.  Y.,  subsequently  at  Ticonder- 
oga,  in  tlie  same  county.  After  several  other  pas 
torates  in  that  State  he  removed  to  Illinois,  and  was 
located  at  York,  Belvidere,  and  Aurora,  where  he 
died  Dec.  7,  1ST-.  His  ministry  was  marked  by 
great  usefulness. 

Estep,  Rev.  James. — For  more  than  half  a 
century  this  distinguished  minister  labored  in 
Western  Pennsylvania.  Few  men  ever  attained 
greater  eminence  as  a  clear  thinker,  a  sound  theo 
logian,  and  an  earnest  preacher.  lie  was  born  in 
Washington  Co.,  Pa.,  Oct.  9.  1782.  He  died  July 
26,  1861.  He  was  bapti/ed  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Mount  Moriah  Baptist  church  in  April,  1S02, 
and  by  this  church  he  was  licensed  to  preach  two 
years  after  his  baptism.  For  eighteen  months  prior 
to  his  entering  the  ministry  he  was  pursuing  the 
study  of  medicine,  but  a  sermon  preached  by  the 
Rev.  Morgan  J.  Ilhees,  then  prothonotary  of  Som 
erset  Co.,  Pa.,  led  him  to  deep  reflection  as  to  per 
sonal  duty,  and  in  twenty  days  after  he  was  found 
preaching.  Long  before  he  thoughtof  entering  the 
ministry  he  gave  himself  to  reading  works  on  di- 
vinitv.  In  fact,  from  the  first  day  of  his  conversion 
he  was  engaged  in  reading,  meditation,  and  prayer. 
He  was  a  warm  friend  of  an  educated  ministry,  and 
one  of  the  most  useful  of  Pennsylvania  Baptist 
ministers. 

His  life  was  spent  in  an  eventful  period.  In  his 
day,  and  in  his  immediate  neighborhood,  the  Cam p- 
bellites,  or  to  use  their  own  distinctive  term,  the 
Disciples,  and  the  Cumberland  Presbyterians  came 
into  existence.  The  church  required  just  such  a 
man,  and  infinite  wisdom  provided  for  the  hour  of 
need  in  raising  up  James  Estep. 

Though  years  have  rolled  away  since  his  death, 
no  name  is  more  frequently  on  the  lips  of  surviving 
brethren  than  his.  He  honored  God  by  a  noble 
life,  and  he  has  honored  his  very  memory  to  the 
present  hour. 

Estes,  Rev.  Elliot,  was  born  in  Caroline  Co., 
Va.,  on  the  23d  of  July,  1795.  At  fifteen  he  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  Andrew  Broadus,  under  whose 
direction  he  pursued  his  studies.  About  1829  he 
came  to  South  Carolina,  and  entered  upon  the  work 
of  the  ministry  with  the  Euham  and  Coosamhatchie 
churches. 

lie  was  remarkable  for  the  firmness  with  which 
he  held  the  leading  doctrines  of  his  denomination. 
Xo  one  in  his  section  stood  higher,  intellectually  or 
religiously. 

He  died  June  9,  1849,  leaving  a  son  and  a 
daughter,  the  latter  of  whom  has  since  followed 
him.  The  former,  Rev.  Andrew  Broadus  Estes, 
still  lives  within  a  few  miles  of  the  old  homestead. 

Estes,  Hiram  Cushman,  D.D.,  was  born  in 


Bethel,  Oxford  Co.,  Me.,  July  27,  1823.  He  was 
hopefully  converted  at  an  early  age,  and  baptized 
in  the  spring  of  1X38.  His  preparatory  studies 
were  pursued  at  the  Yarmouth  Academy,  and  he 


HIRAM    CUSHMAX    ESTES,   D.D. 

graduated  at  Waterville  College  in  1847.  He  went 
through  the  theological  course  of  the  divinity  school 
at  Harvard  College,  and  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Auburn,  Me.,  May  15,  1850, 
where  he  remained  two  years  and  a  half.  In  Oc 
tober.  1852.  he  accepted  an  appointment  as  agent 
of  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union  in  the 
eastern  Xew  England  district,  comprising  the  State 
of  Maine.  He  continued  in  this  service  for  three 
years.  Returning  to  the  active  duties  of  the  min 
istry,  he  was  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  what  was  Trenton,  now  Lamoine,  Me.,  from 
1855  to  1860.  After  a  settlement  of  two  years  in 
Leicester.  Mass.,  he  went  to  Jericho,  Art.,  where  his 
pastorate  continued  ten  years,  from  1862  to  1S"2. 
On  the  1st  of  January,  1873,  he  became  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Paris,  Me.,  where  he 
now  lives. 

Dr.  Estes  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Colby  University  in  1872.  He  is 
the  author  of  a  volume  entitled  "The  Christian 
Doctrine  of  the  Soul."  of  several  printed  discourses, 
and  of  various  contributions  to  periodicals.  He 
has  seen  something  also  of  public  life,  having  been 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
State  of  Maine,  and  chairman  of  the  Committee  on 
Education. 

Esty,   William   S.,   was   born   in   Queensburg, 


EURE 


381 


EVANS 


York  Co.,  New  Brunswick,  Oct.  4,  1797:  was 
baptized  and  joined  the  Baptist  church  in  Fred- 
ericton,  New  Brunswick;  was  chosen  deacon  in 
1835,  and  still  honors  that  office;  he  has  been 
almost  sixty  years  devoted  to  the  service  of  Christ 
and  the  church.  His  life  has  been  full  of  use 
fulness. 

Eure,  Hon.  Mills  S. — -Judge  Euro  was  born  in 
Gates  Co.,  N.  C.,  Feb.  1<>,  1835;  graduated  at  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  in  1859  ;  was  baptized 
by  Dr.  T.  C.  Teasdale  at  college,  Oct.  6,  1856  ;  read 
law  with  Judge  Battle  and  lion.  Samuel  F.  Phillips 
at  Chapel  Hill  ;  served  the  counties  of  Gates  and 
Chowan  in  State  senate  in  1860-02  and  1865;  was 
captain  of  Co.  G,  North  Carolina  Cavalry.  2d  Regi 
ment,  and  was  captured  at  Hanover,  Pa.,  in  1863. 
In  1865-66  was  elected  solicitor  of  the  first  judicial 
district,  and  in  August,  1874,  judge  of  same  district. 
An  upright  judge  and  a  good  farmer. 

Evans,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Bilston, 
England,  May  13,  1803.  In  early  life  he  became  a 


BEN'JAMIX  EVANS,  D.D. 

member  of  the  Baptist  church  in  his  native  town, 
and  in  1*22  was  received  as  a  student  for  the  min 
istry  at  Horton  College.  Bradford.  He  was  invited 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  at  Scarborough,  and 
settled  there  in  1825.  For  thirty-eight  years  he 
labored  in  this  charge  with  great  acceptance  and 
usefulness,  and  was  throughout  one  of  the  most 
popular  and  influential  ministers  of  the  town  and 
district.  His  labors  were  abundant  in  every  sphere 
of  activity  into  which  his  ardent  and  generous  na 
ture  led  him.  He  was  for  years  the  foremost  cham 


pion  of  religious  freedom  in  Scarborough,  and  was 
one  of  the  first  promoters  of  the  anti-state-church 
movement.  In  philanthropic  and  benevolent  efforts 
he  was  conspicuously  useful,  and  in  connection 
with  the  denomination  and  its  interests  his  liberality 
and  zealous  devotion  were  everywhere  spoken  of. 
He  was  called  to  the  chair  of  the  Baptist  Union  in 
1858,  and  delivered  an  address  on  "  The  earlv  Eng 
lish  Baptists,  their  principles,  their  struggles,  and 
their  triumphs."  a  subject  to  which  in  later  life  he 
devoted  himself  with  special  interest  and  fervor. 
His  literary  efforts  were  continuous,  lie  wrote  a 
vast  number  of  pamphlets  on  subjects  of  passing 
interest,  and  published  a  number  of  occasional  ser 
mons.  For  some  years  he  conducted  a  monthly 
magazine  for  Sunday-schools,  and  aided  by  pen  and 
purse  to  establish  the  leading  denominational  peri 
odicals.  The  Freeman  newspaper  was  projected  by 
him,  and  for  many  years  he  contributed  regularly 
to  its  columns.  His  books  on  ';  Popery''  and  "The 
Earlv  English  Baptists"  had  a  large  circulation, 
and  his  literary  and  public  services  were  recognized 
by  the  University  of  Rochester  with  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.D.  Dr.  Evans  took  a  lively  interest  in 
the  American  Baptist  Historical  Society's  objects, 
and  rendered  it  valuable  services,  which  were  most 
cordially  appreciated.  On  his  retirement  from  the 
pastorate  in  1862  in  broken  health,  he  gave  himself 
to  benevolent  enterprises  which  lay  near  his  heart. 
He  contributed  generously  both  money  and  per 
sonal  service  to  the  interests  of  the  National  Society 
for  Aged  and  Infirm  Baptist  Ministers.  He  also 
organized,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Baptist  Union, 
the  Society  for  the  Education  of  Ministers'  Chil 
dren,  and  was  its  president  until  his  death.  In 
1864  he  took  part  in  the  founding  of  the  new  theo 
logical  institution  now  located  at  Manchester,  and 
undertook  the  professorship  of  Ecclesiastical  His 
tory.  He  also  edited  a  quarterly  magazine  identi 
fied  with  the  principles  on  which  the  colleire  was 
based,  and  to  which  he  steadfastly  adhered  through 
life.  In  his  long  pastorate  at  Scarborough  he  main 
tained  a  reputation  which  reflected  honor  upon  the 
denomination  and  materially  promoted  the  cause 
of  evangelical  religion.  When  his  resignation  was 
announced,  the  high  esteem  in  which  he  was  held 
by  the  public  manifested  itself  in  the  presentation 
of  an  address  and  testimonial,  signed  by  the  mayor 
of  the  town  and  a  number  of  prominent  citizens. 
In  acknowledging  the  testimonial,  Dr.  Evans  was 
able  to  note  the  fact  that  among  the  signers  there 
were  some  Avho  thirty  years  before  would  have  re 
joiced  to  banish  him  from  the  place  on  account  of 
his  principles  as  a  Dissenter  and  a  Baptist.  His 
end  came  unexpectedly.  He  was  in  his  usual 
health,  and  had  retired  to  his  study  with  one  of  his 
family  at  the  close  of  the  day.  During  conversa 
tion  he  suddenly  reclined  his  head  on  the  back  of 


EVANK  3 

his  cliair  and  without  a  word  or  movement  of  any 
kind  "  fell  asleep.'' 

Evans,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  horn  in  Cardigan 
shire.  Wales,  within  tlie  .second  decade  of  the  pres 
ent  century.  Jle  has  been  a  conspicuous  figure  in 
all  tiie  great  movements  that  have  affected  our 
denominational  interests  in  the  Welsh  principality 
for  the  last  forty  years.  'Beside  being  a  pastor  of 
influential  churches  he  has  been  a  prolific  writer, 
lie  was  the  originator  of  two  monthly  magazines. 
one  of  which  he  still  edits  with  marked  ability. 
His  literary  pioductions  are  highly  appreciated  for 
their  keen  analytical  power.  His  "  Key  to  the 
Xew  Testament"  passed  through  .several  editions 
and  is  still  read.  He  is  now  engaged  in  preparing 
expositions  of  several  of  the  books  of  the  Xew  Tes 
tament  for  a  Family  Bible,  under  the  editorship  of 
the  Rev.  Titus  Lewis. 

lint  it  is  as  a  preacher  that  Mr.  Evans  excels. 
In  spite  of  a  sharp,  unmusical  voice  he  commands 
enthusiastic  attention.  There;  is  not  a  man  within 
the  boundaries  of  the  country  whom  the  ministry  are 
more  delighted  to  hear,  lie  is  original  to  the  last 
degree,  and  his  sermons  are  frequently  master-pieces 
of  analytical  thinking.  The  high  estimate  in  which 
he  is  held  by  the  denomination  was  demonstrated 
a  few  years  ago  by  the  presentation  of  a  superb 
address,  together  with  a  testimonial  of  £300. 

Evans,  Rev.  Charles,  was  born  in  Bristol, 
England,  April  14,  1791.  Some  time  after  his 
conversion  he  entered  the  college  at  Bristol.  In 
1819  he  was  sent  as  a  missionary  to  Sumatra, 
where  he  labored  for  a  few  years,  and  then  re 
turned  to  England,  and  was  for  a  time  pastor  of  a 
church  at  Abergavenny,  Wales,  and  afterwards  in 
Dorchester.  England,  until  1S40,  when  he  came  to 
this  country  and  took  charge  of  the  church  in 
South  Heading,  now  Wakefield,  Mass.  Subse 
quently  he  acted  for  a  time  as  pastor  of  two 
churches  in  Michigan,  and  for  fifteen  years  was  an 
agent  of  the  New  York  American  Tract  Society. 
His  death  occurred  May  28.  1869. 

Evans,  Christmas.— The  Welsh  pulpit  found 
in  Christmas  Evans  its  brightest  ornament.  He 
was  born  on  the  25th  of  December,  17o'f>.  In  his 
early  lift;  there  do  not  appear  to  have  been  any 
gleamings  of  power  or  genius. 

It  only  needed,  however,  the  proper  influences 
to  sweep  over  the  as  yet  chaotic  wastes  of  that 
young  man's  soul  to  call  forth  order  and  harmony. 
Like  his  native  hills  enveloped  in  the  mists  and 
snows  of  winter,  he  only  needed  the  sunshine  to 
liberate  his  imprisoned  powers.  Nor  had  he  to 
wait  long.  What  spring  is  to  the  ice-bound  earth 
a  religious  awakening  was  to  Christmas  Evans.  It 
subdued  his  nature,  changed  his  life,  and  called 
into  activity  all  the  dormant  faculties  of  his  hitherto 
sluggish  soul. 


EVANS 

He  learned  to  read  his  Welsh  Bible  in  the  course 
of  a  month,  exulting  not  a  little  at  the  time  in  his 
achievement.  His  intense  thirst  for  knowledge  led 
him  to  borrow  and  read  every  book  that  the  scant 


CHRISTMAS    EVANS. 

libraries  of  the  neighborhood  afforded.  It  is  note 
worthy,  in  view  of  the  imaginative'  brilliance  which 
became  the  distinguishing  characteristic  of  his  men 
tal  processes,  that  one  of  the  first  books  which 
he  voraciously  devoured  was  the  ''  Pilgrim's  Pro 
gress." 

He  soon  cherished  the  fixed  intention  of  entering 
the  ministry.  The  first  formal  attempt  which  he 
made  at  preaching  was  in  the  cottage  of  a  tailor  in 
the  neighborhood,  who  it  would  appear  was  a  man 
of  more  than  ordinary  intelligence,  and  who  took 
a  lively  interest  in  aspiring  merit.  This  effort  was 
in  every  respect  successful. 

Christmas  Evans  was  a  Baptist  from  conviction, 
lie  was  for  some  years  a  member  of  a  Pedobaptist 
community,  and  it  was  not  until  he  began  to  study 
the  New  Testament  carefully,  with  a  view  of  ex 
posing  the  Anabaptist  heresy,  as  he  was  pleased  to 
call  it,  that  he  discovered  the  utter  nntenableness 
of  his  position.  He  went  into  the  royal  armory  to 
equip  himself  with  weapons  with  which  to  slay  an 
opponent,  when  to  his  dismay  he  found  the  edge  of 
every  blade  turned  against  himself.  ''  Having  read 
the  New  Testament  through,"  says  he,  "I  found 
not  a  single  verse  in  favor  of  infant  sprinkling, 
while  about  forty  passages  seemed  to  me  to  testify 
clearly  for  baptism  on  a  profession  of  faith."  After 
a  struggle,  which,  however,  was  not  protracted,  he 


EVANS 


383 


EVANS 


was  baptized  in  the  year  1788  in  the  river  Duar  by 
the  Rev.  Timothy  Thomas. 

Some  of  the  most  exquisitely  proportioned  crea 
tures  are  exceedingly  ungainly  when  young  and 
undeveloped.  It  was  even  so  with  Christmas  Evans. 
For  some  time  it  was  difficult  to  determine  whether 
he  was  a  genius  or  a  fool.  With  a  temperament 
intensely  fervid  and  a  mind  vividly  imaginative, 
his  sermons  at  this  early  day  were  as  disjointed  and 
grotesque  as  his  personal  appearance.  That  great 
preponderating  faculty  of  his  mind  which  in  after 
years,  under  the  mastery  of  a  keen  and  well-bal 
anced  judgment  and  strong  common  sense,  gave 
him  unrivaled  popularity,  now  but  infused  a  capri 
cious  wildness  into  his  utterances  which  astonished 
rather  than  impressed,  and  exposed  to  ridicule 
rather  than  to  admiration.  lie  soon,  however, 
acquired  that  mental  elasticity  which  made  him  the 
Samson  of  the  Baptist  hosts. 

The  field  upon  which  he  expended  well-nigh  the 
whole  of  his  fruitful  life  was  Anglesea.  Here  he 
was  for  many  years  a  quasi-bishop.  But  it  would 
be  impossible  to  form  a  correct  idea  of  his  labors 
without  taking  into  account  the  frequent  length 
ened  preaching  excursions  which  he  made  into  the 
most  remote  parts  of  the  principality.  It  is  said 
that  he  visited  South  Wales  forty  times  in  the  course 
of  his  ministry,  and  preached  one  hundred  and  sixtv- 
three  Association  sermons,  each  journey  involving 
an  absence  from  home  of  at  least  six  or  seven 
weeks,  and  occupied  with  incessant  evangelistic 
work. 

The  influence  which  he  exerted  upon  the  churches, 
and  upon  the  land,  by  these  transient  ministries,  it 
is  impossible  to  conjecture.  Large  congregations 
greeted  him  everywhere  and  at  all  seasons.  The 
coming  of  Christmas  Evans  presaged  a  general  hol 
iday  even  in  the  midst  of  harvest.  Whole  neigh 
borhoods  flocked  to  hear  him,  and  the  effect  of  his 
preaching  was  such  that  the  people,  held  by  the 
spell  long  after  the  enchanter  had.  left  the  scene, 
would  continue  sometimes  weeping  and  rejoicing 
until  the  morning  light  reminded  them  that  they 
were  still  in  a  world  where  ordinary  duties  de 
manded  attention.  Nor  were  the  impressions  thus 
made  ephemeral.  In  some  instances  strong  churches 
grew  up  and  flourished  as  the  result  of  a  single 
sermon. 

Forty  years  or  more  have  passed  since  that  voice 
which  thrilled  so  many  human  hearts  was  hushed, 
but  its  rich  melody  remains  as  a  grateful  reminis 
cence.  Old  men  revert  to  their  hearing  Christmas 
Evans  as  one  of  the  most  notable  events  in  a  life 
time.  He  could  no  more  pass  out  of  memory  than 
could  the  everlasting  hills  amid  which  they  were 
born.  And  no  wonder.  The  genius  of  the  Welsh 
character  found  in  him  its  most  perfect  ideal.  He 
embodied  in  his  rugged  honesty  and  fervent  zeal, 


his  clear  penetration  and  poetic  vision,  the  spirit 
and  pathos  of  the  Welsh  mind. 

He  died  in  Swansea,  at  the  home  of  the  Rev. 
Daniel  Davies,  D.D.,  on  the  20th  of  July.  1838. 

Evans,  Gen.  G.  W.,  of  Augusta.  Ga.,  was  a  promi 
nent  and  useful  deacon  of  unblemished  character 
and  high  standing.  lie  was  intelligent,  pious,  and 
so  uniformly  courteous  that  he  won  the  respect  and 
esteem  of  all,  and  was  universally  popular.  He 
took  a  deep  interest  in  religious  and  denominational 
affairs,  and  was  one  of  those  men  to  whom  a  pastor 
could  point  and  say  with  satisfaction.  "That  is  a 
Baptist.''  lie  was  a  partner  of  the  late  William 
D'Atignac,  the  firm  being  D'Atignac,  Evans  &  Co. 
Few  men  possessed  more  admirable  traits  for  ren 
dering  them  popular  in  the  world  or  useful  in  the 
church. 

Evans,  Rev.  Hugh,  some  time  tutor  and  after 
wards  president  of  Bristol  College,  England,  was 
descended  from  Welsh  parents  in  easy  circum 
stances,  distinguished  for  their  piety  and  benevo 
lence.  His  grandfather,  Thomas  Evans,  was  elec 
ted  a  parish  minister  in  Wales  by  the  Board 
of  Triers,  appointed  to  license  clergymen  during 
the  Commonwealth.  After  the  restoration  of  the 
monarchy  and  the  church  establishment  he  joined 
the  Baptist  church  at  Pentre,  and  suffered  much  for 
conscience'  sake  as  pastor  of  that  church,  in  which 
office  lie  was  succeeded  by  his  son.  Thomas  Evans 
died  in  16S8,  and  Caleb,  his  son  and  successor,  in 
1739.  Hugh  Evans,  youngest  son  of  Caleb,  was 
carefully  educated  at  a  school  of  high  reputation, 
and  afterwards  proceeded  to  the  college  at  Bristol. 
He  was  baptized  by  Mr.  Foskett  at  Bristol,  Aug. 
7,  1730.  The  Broadmead  church,  in  that  city, 
called  him  to  the  ministry  in  1733,  and  at  the  close 
of  the  same  year  he  accepted  their  invitation  to  be 
come  assistant  to  their  pastor,  Mr.  Foskett.  He 
soon  became  widely  known  as  a  preacher  of  ex 
traordinary  power  and  usefulness.  In  1758,  on 
the  death  of  Mr.  Foskett,  with  whom  he  had  labored 
twenty-four  years,  he  became  president  of  the  col 
lege  and  senior  pastor  of  the  church.  lie  inspired 
his  students  with  a  remarkable  affection  and  rever 
ence,  and  the  care  of  all  the  churches  of  the  neigh 
borhood  came  upon  him.  One  of  his  most  distin 
guished  students.  Dr.  John  Ripon,  says  of  him,  that 
i;  every  one  who«knew  him  must  admit  that  his  gift 
in  prayer  was  uncommon,  hisstudents  thought  itwas 
unequaled.  In  the  family,  at  occasional  meetings, 
in  the  services  of  the  Lord's  day,  and  upon  extraor 
dinary  occasions,  with  copiousness,  dignity,  and 
warmth  of  devotion  he  poured  out  his  soul  unto 
God,  and  yet  with  such  variety  that  he  was  seldom, 
if  ever,  heard  to  pray  twice  alike.  His  pulpit  com 
positions  were  clear,  nervous,  and  pathetic.  Few 
men  were  more  capable  of  taking  a  large,  comprehen 
sive,  masterly  view  of  a  subject,  or  of  representing 


EVAN'S 


384 


EVERTS 


it  with  greater  perspicuity,  energy,  and  fervor.  His 
language  was  striking,  his  voice  clear,  and  his  elo 
cution  manly.  Xor  did  any  preacher,  perhaps, 
ever  know  better  than  he  what  it  was  to  reign  over 
his  audience,  enlightening  their  understanding, 
convincing  their  judgment,  and  then  kindling  all 
their  noblest  passions  into  a  blaze  of  devotion." 
His  characteristic  spirit  was  evinced  in  his  last 
discourse  to  the  Western  Association  of  Baptist 
churches,  when  he  took  a  solemn  leave  of  the 
brethren  assembled  in  an  affecting  discourse  from 
the  words.  '•  lie  not  deceived,  God  is  not  mocked/' 
lie  closed  his  public  ministry  at  Bristol  shortly 
afterwards  with  a  truly  paternal  address  to  his 
Hock  from  the  words,  "  My  little  children,  of  whom 
I  travail  in  birth  again  until  Christ  be  formed  in 
you."  He  died  in  perfect  peace,  surrounded  by  his 
family  and  his  students,  on  March  28,  1781. 

Evans,  John  Mason,  M.D.,  son  of  the  Rev. 

Thomas  B.  Evans,  was  born  in  Urbanna,  Middlesex 
Co.,  Va..  March  22,  1X29.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Columbian  College,  graduating  with  the  degree  of 
A.B.  in  1S47.  He  studied  medicine, and  received  the 
degree  of  M.  1  >.  at  the  Jefferson  Medical  School,  Phila 
delphia,  in  the  winter  of  1849-50.  He  has  practised 
his  profession  in  connection  with  farming  up  to  the 
present  time.  Since  the  inauguration  of  the  public 
school  system  in  Virginia,  he  has  been  the  efficient 
county  superintendent  of  public  schools  in  King 
and  Queen  and  Middlesex.  Dr.  Evans  was  baptized 
at  the  age  of  twelve,  and  has  been  an  active  and 
efficient  member  of  the  church.  For  more  than 
twenty  years  he  has  been  superintendent  of  the 
Sunday-school,  and  deacon  of  the  church. 

Evans,  Rev.  Thomas  B.,  was  born  in  the 
county  of  Essex,  Va.,  Dec.  13,  1807.  lie  was  con 
verted  between  the  years  1830  and  1835.  and  was 
baptized  by  the  Rev. -11.  A.  Claybrook.  He  was 
ordained  soon  after  1837.  At  the  organization  of 
the  Olivet  church,  in  1842.  he  was  elected  its  pastor, 
and  served  it  with  great  zeal  and  success  till  his 
death,  Aug.  12,  1875.  He  was  atone  time  pastor 
of  Ebenezer.  in  Gloucester  Co.,  and  also  of  the 
Newington  church,  which  he  was  mainly  instru 
mental  in  constituting.  He  was  also  pastor  of 
Exol,  in  King  and  Queen  Co.,  and  of  Ephesus.  in 
Essex  Co.  In  1855  he  was  elected  pastor  of  Glebe 
Landing,  in  Middlesex,  and  served  this  church  also 
until  his  death.  lie  served  as  moderator  of  the 
Rappahannock  Association,  and  was  invited  sev 
eral  times  to  preach  the  opening  sermon.  Mr.  Evans 
was  an  earnest,  plain,  and  successful  preacher.  lie 
had  a  strong,  logical  mind,  and  a  most  retentive 
memory.  He  read  much,  thought  profoundly,  and 
could  develop  a  subject  clearly  in  all  its  important 
bearings.  He  accomplished  much  for  the  Master 
during  his  ministry  of  thirty-eight  years,  and  was 
greatly  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him. 


Evans,  Rev.  Win.  I.  T.— This  devoted  man 
was  born  in  Maryland,  Feb.  9,  1829.  He  spent 
his  early  years  in  Washington  City,  where  he 
studied.  In  1855  he  moved  to  Landmark,  Howard 
Co..  Mo.,  and  from  it  to  Milton,  where  he  died. 
He  professed  religion  in  1857,  and  joined  the  Meth 
odists;  three  years  afterwards  he  united  with  the 
baptists,  and  was  baptized  by  Elder  W.  K.  Woods. 
and  was  ordained  by  Elders  Jesse  Terrill  and  T.  T. 
Gentry.  He  toiled  faithfully  in  the  ministry  for 
nearly  twenty  years.  lie  enjoyed  the  confidence 
of  those  with  whom  he  labored  in  a  marked  decree. 
He  was  a  man  of  prayer,  richly  endowed  with  the 
Holy  Spirit.  He  died  May  20,  1879. 

Everett,  Rev.  John  P.,  pastor  at  Shiloh.  La., 
was  born  in  Alabama  in  JX20,  came  to  Louisiana 
in  184S  with  his  father.  George  Everett,  who  was 
a  Baptist  preacher,  and  labored  in  Union  parish 
until  his  death,  in  1X55.  The  son  was  baptized  in 
1845;  was  a  soldier  in  the  Mexican  war.  In  1X54 
he  was  ordained  to  preach.  From  that  time  until 
the  present  he  has  been  assiduous  in  his  labors, 
which  have  been  mainly  confined  to  Union  parish 
and  the  adjoining  parts  of  Arkansas.  He  has  been 
successful  as  a  minister,  and  has  greatly  strength 
ened  the  churches  ;  eleven  years  moderator  of 
Liberty  Association,  Ark.  :  is  at  present  chairman 
of  the  executive  board  of  Louisiana  State  Conven 
tion.  Has  recently  published  a  valuable  work  on 
"Bible  Types." 

Everts,  Rev.  Jeremiah  B.,  was  born  in  Gran- 
ville,  Washington  Co..  X.  Y..in  1807.  In  1829  he  put 
his  trust  in  Jesus  as  his  Saviour,  under  the  minis 
trations  of  Rev.  Benjamin  J.  Lane,  of  Clarkson, 
N.  Y.  He  first  joined  the  Presbyterian  Church,  of 
which  Mr.  Lane  was  a  minister.  Subsequently, 
on  examining  the  Scriptures  about  baptism,  he  was 
immersed,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  Church. 
lie  spent  some  time  at  Lane  Seminary,  in  Ohio. 
He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  of  Spafford, 
N.  Y.,  in  April,  1835.  In  this  place  his  labors 
were  largely  blessed,  his  pulpit  talents  were  highly 
appreciated,  and  his  departure  was  greatly  lamented. 
In  Delphi,  N.  Y.,  and  in  Elbridge  he  enjoyed  ex 
tensive  revivals,  and  he  had  the  same  blessing  in 
the  New  Market  Street  church,  Philadelphia.  In 
1843  he  accepted  a  call  to  Hartford,  N.  Y.,  where 
the  love  of  the  people  and  the  prosperity  of  the 
church  cheered  his  heart.  After  a  lingering  ill 
ness,  produced  by  a  painful  accident,  he  entered 
the  heavenly  rest  Aug.  26,  1846. 

Mr.  Everts  had  an  original  mind  and  a  warm 
heart,  he  was  wholly  consecrated  to  God.  and  he 
lived  in  the  hearts  of  throngs  of  friends.  His  death 
was  full  of  peace. 

Everts,  William  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Gran- 
ville,  N.  Y..  March  13,  1814.  and  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  of  Brockport,  N.  Y.  In  1830  the 


EVERTS 


385 


EWART 


church  licensed  him  to  preach,  and  in  1831  sent 
him  to  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institu 
tion.  In  1837  he  was  ordained  at  Earlville,  N.  Y., 
as  its  pastor.  In  1839  he  was  settled  as  pastor  of 
the  Tabernacle  Baptist  church  in  New  York  City. 
After  three  years  of  extraordinary  success  he  led 
nut  a  colony  and  founded  the  Laight  Street  church. 
After  eight  years  of  labor  his  health  was  prostrated, 
and  he  settled  at  Wheutland,  X.  Y..  as  pastor. 
His  ardent  spirit  and  large  plans  of  Christian  work 
were  felt  by  that  country  church,  and  three  houses 
of  worship  were  built  for  its  branches  in  neighbor 
ing  villages.  In  1852  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of 
the  Walnut  Street  church,  in  Louisville.  Ky..  and 
soon  after  it  was  enlarged  and  completed  at  an  ex 
pense  of  840,000.  They  organized  the  Broadway 


WILLIAM    W.   EVERTS,   D.D. 

church  of  that  city  ;  the  Portland  church  at  the 
west  end  of  the  city,  and  built  for  it  a  house  of 
worship ;  and  a  German  church.  In  1859  ho 
accepted  the  charge  of  the  First  church  of  Chi 
cago.  During  his  twenty  years  of  labor  there, 
twenty  Baptist  church  edifices  were  built  in  the 
city  and  vicinity.  The  Chicago  University  and 
Theological  Seminary  were  founded  and  their  su 
perb  buildings  were  put  up  chiefly  by  the  contri 
butions  of  the  First  church.  In  1879  he  accepted  a 
call  to  the  church  on  Bergen  Heights,  Jersey  City, 
and  during  the  first  year  a  debt  of  $35.000  was 
paid  and  67  members  added  to  the  church.  Dr. 
Everts  has  not  only  devised  plans  for  the  multipli 
cation,  and  the  increased  efficiency  of  the  Baptists 
of  America,  in  the  realm  of  education,  church  exten 


sion,  and  the  unity  of  the  denomination  in  all  its 
important  Christian  enterprises,  but  he  has  ren 
dered  great  service  with  his  pen.  Many  years  ago 
he  brought  out  his  "  Pastor's  Hand-Book,''  which 
has  been  an  invaluable  helper  to  ministers  of  all 
denominations.  lie  then  brought  out  in  succession 
the  "Bible  Prayer  Book,''  "Scriptural  School 
Header,"  "  Life  and  Thoughts  of  John  Foster," 
'•Voyage  of  Life,''  and  "Promise  and  Training  of 
Childhood."  He  also  published  a  scries  of  "  Tracts 
for  Cities,"  "  The  Theatre,"  "  Temptations  of  City 
Life,"  and  "The  Great  Metropolis,"  which,  with 
tracts  by  Dr.  Cheever  and  William  Hague.  D.D., 
were  published  in  a  volume  entitled  "  Words  in  Ear 
nest."  He  also  wrote  "Tracts  for  the  Churches." 
Dr.  Everts  has  been  for  many  years  among  the 
most  prominent  ministers  of  Christ  in  the  United 
States.  His  great  mind  and  heart,  and  his  con 
secration  to  God,  have  made  him  a  power  among 
the  Saviour's  hosts.  Few  Baptist  leaders  in  modern 
times  have  wielded  such  a  mighty  influence  for  God 
and  his  truth.  Sacrifices  to  him  have  always  ap 
peared  but  trifles  when  great  principles  were  called 
in  question.  We  trust  that  his  life  and  usefulness 
will  lie  long  continued  to  the  denomination  of 
which  he  is  an  ornament. 

Everts,  Rev.  William  Wallace,  Jr.,  son  of 
Rev.  Dr.  William  Wallace  and  Margaret  (Keen) 
Everts,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  Feb.  10, 
1849.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  Chicago  Univer 
sity  in  the  class  of  1867.  Immediately  after  grad 
uating  he  went  abroad  for  purposes  of  travel  and 
study,  and  was  absent  three  years,  the  larger  part 
of  which  period  he  was  at  the  Berlin  University. 
Returning  to  this  country  in  1870,  he  became  a 
student  of  the  Union  Theological  Seminary  in  Chi 
cago,  where  he  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1873. 
He  was  ordained  Dec.  23,  1873,  as  pastor  of  the 
Indiana  Avenue  branch  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Chicago.  He  held  an  official  connection  with 
the  Union  Theological  Seminary,  Chicago,  as  teacher 
of  Church  History  during  the  year  1875.  lie 
preached  for  the  church  at  Morgan  Park  till  1877, 
when,  coming  East,  he  supplied  the  pulpit  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Boston  for  four  months  aa 
the  assistant  of  Rev.  Dr.  Ncale.  In  July  of  1877 
he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Fourth  Baptist 
church  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  of  which  he  is  now 
(1880)  the  minister.  Mr.  Everts  is  one  of  our  most 
promising  young  ministers.  His  acquirements  in 
ecclesiastical  history  are  unusually  extensive. 

Ewart,  Hon.  Thomas  W.,  LL.D.,  son  of  Robert 
II.  and  Mary  C.  Ewart,  was  born  at  Grandview, 
Washington  Co.,  0.,  Fob:  27,  1816.  When  sixteen 
years  of  age  he  left  school  and  became  assistant  in 
the  office  of  the  county  clerk  at  Marietta,  0.  In 
December,  1836,  he  wras  appointed  clerk  of  the 
court  for  Washington  Co.,  0.,  and  held  this  office 


EWART 


386 


EXAXIXER 


until  1851.  While  in  this  ollice  he  was  appointed 
a  member  of  the  convention  which  formed  tin- 
present  constitution  of  Ohio.  At  the  expiration  of 
his  term  he  was  elected  probate  judge  of  Washing 
ton  Countv.  but  resigned  after  one  year's  service  to 
engage  in  the  practice  of  law.  for  which  bo  had 
fully  fitted  himself  in  the  oflice  of  Judge  Xye. 
From  the  first  he  was  very  successful,  and  he  has 
always  held  a  prominent  position  in  the  legal  pro 
fession  of  Ohio. 

Converted  and  baptized  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  lie 
has  ever  since  been  an  active  member  of  the  Mari 
etta  Baptist  church.  Tor  forty  years  he  has  been 


HON.   THOMAS    W.    EWART.    LL.l). 

superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school,  and  for  thirty- 
two  years  has  been  deacon.  He  has  also  been 
closely  identified  with  general  denominational  in 
terests.  For  many  years  he  has  been  a  trustee  of 
Denison  University.  He  was  president  of  the 
Ohio  Baptist  State  Convention  for  several  years, 
and  moderator  of  the  Marietta  Association  twenty- 
five  years  in  succession.  As  vice-president  of  the 
Missionary  Union  he  occupied  the  chair  of  that 
body  at  Cincinnati  and  Philadelphia.  Home  mis 
sions  have  found  in  him  a  constant  friend,  and  all 
good  enterprises  in  the  community  a  hearty  sup 
porter.  The  degree  of  LL.D.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Denison  University  in  1878. 

Ewing  College  is  located  in  Ewing,  Franklin 
Co.,  111.,  near  the  centre  of  that  part  of  the  State 
lying  south  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railroad.  It 
is  the  only  chartered  college  in  that  section  of  Illi 
nois.  It  was  founded  in  1867  as  Ewing  Hi 


School  by  Prof.  John  Washburn.  In  1874  it  re 
ceived  a  charter  from  the  State  under  the  title  it 
now  boars.  I  ntil  1877  it  was  undenominational, 
Dut  during  that  year  its  charter  was  so  changed  as 
place  it  under  Baptist  control.  Its  buildings, 
two  in  number,  are  substantial  brick  structures, 
and  ample  for  the  present  uses  of  the  college.  It 
lias  a  preparatory  as  well  as  collegiate  department, 
the  latter  having  two  courses,  classical  and  scien 
tific.  The  college  is  open  to  students  of  both  sexes. 
The  number  enrolled  in  the  catalogue  for  1S7'J-80 
is  150,  of  whom  32  were  in  the  collegiate  depart 
ment.  Its  faculty  numbers  six  teachers.  Kwing 
College  is  performing  a  highly  important  educa 
tional  service  upon  a  field  where  it  is  greatly  needed, 
and  placing  its  rates  of  tuition  and  its  other  ex 
penses  within  the  reach  of  all  classes  of  students, 
make  its  advantages  available  for  all.  At  the 
present  date  (1880)  an  effort  is  in  progress  to  raise 
for  its  endowment  the  sum  of  850.000.  with  en- 
mraging  prospect  of  success. 

Ewing,  Hon.  Presley  Underwood,  was  the 

elder  of  two  sons  of  the  distinguished  chief  justice 
>f  Kentucky,  E.  M.  Ewing.  and  was  one  of  the 
most  talented  and  brilliant  young  men  his  State 
ever  produced,  lie  was  born  in  Russellville.  Ky.. 
Sept.  1,  1822.  He  graduated  at  Center  College  in 
1840,  and  studied  law  under  his  father,  graduating 
in  the  law  department  of  Transylvania  University 
in  1842.  About  this  time,  having  become  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Baptist  church,  he  was  licensed  to  preach 
the  gospel,  and  was  soon  afterwards  invited  to  take 
the  pastoral  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Louisville.  He  accepted  the  call  and  preached  a 
few  times,  but  before  ordination  he  resolved  to  spend 
some  time  in  Germany.  On  his  return  from  Europe 
ho  declined  ordination  to  the  ministry,  and  in  1S4S 
was  elected  to  the  Kentucky  Legislature,  where  he 
served  two  terms,  being  re-elected  in  1849.  In  1851 
he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Congress,  and 
re-elected  to  that  position  Avithout  opposition  in 
1853.  He  was  chairman  of  a  Congressional  com 
mittee  on  the  feasibility  of  constructing  a  railroad 
to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  His  report  on  this  subject 
gave  him  a  wide  reputation.  As  an  orator  he  was 
regarded  as  the  peer  of  the  gifted  John  C.  Breck- 
enridge,  whom  he  often  met  in  debate  in  the  legis 
lative  halls.  But  his  career  of  almost  unparalleled 
brilliancy  was  suddenly  closed.  He  died  of  cholera 
while  on  a  visit  to  the  Mammoth  Cave,  in  Kentucky, 
Sept.  27,  1854. 

Examiner  and  Chronicle,  The.— In  June.  1855, 
Rev.  Edward  Bright,  D.I).,  who  had  been  for  the 
preceding  nine  years  the  Home  Secretary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  and  Rev. 
Sewell  S.  Cutting,  D.I.).,  who  was  then  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  Recorder  and  Reyisier,  purchased 
that  paper  and  became  its  editors  and  proprietors, 


EXAMINER 


387 


EYRES 


changing  the  name  to  The  Examiner.  It  was  a 
four-page  paper,  and  had  at  that  time  a  circulation 
of  about  10,000  copies.  In  the  next  year  Dr.  Cut 
ting  accepted  the  chair  of  Rhetoric  and  History  in 
the  University  of  Rochester,  and  Dr.  Bright  became 
the  editor,  a  position  which  he  has  held  from  that 
time  to  the  present.  In  the  first  ten  years  of  his 
proprietorship  the  circulation  had  doubled.  In 
March.  1865,  the  New  York  Chronicle  was  united 
with  The  Examiner,  and  the  paper  became  The 
Examiner  and  Chronicle,  which  name  it  now  bears. 
It  was  enlarged  to  a  six-column  eight-page  paper 
in  October,  LS67,  and  again  enlarged  to  seven  col 
umns  a  page  in  December,  1869.  In  1868  The 
Christian  Press,  a  Baptist  paper  of  New  York, 
conducted  by  Rev.  W.  B.  Jacobs,  was  united 
with  The  Examiner  and  Chronicle,  and  in  1875  the 
small  paper  known  as  The  Outlook,  published  in 
Brooklyn,  was  merged  in  it.  The  Examiner  and 
Chronicle  has  attained  the  largest  circulation  of 
any  Baptist  newspaper  in  the  world.  It  has  always 
had  a  strong  denominational  character,  and  has 
fearlessly  maintained  the  distinguishing  doctrines 
of  the  old  Baptist  faith.  Its  aim  has  been  to  be  as 
complete  as  it  could  be  made  in  all  the  departments 
that  belong  to  a  first-class  newspaper  ;  to  deal  with 
the  great  questions  of  social  and  political,  as  well 
as  Christian  life;  to  present  the  news,  with  com 
ments,  from  a  Christian  stand-point ;  and  to  do  it 
with  the  fullness,  freshness,  and  force  that  ought  to 
characterize  the  very  best  class  of  religious  news 
papers. 

The  New  York  Baptist  Register,  afterwards  united 
with  the  Recorder,  was  established  in  Utica  late  in 
1823  or  early  in  1824  by  Rev.  Messrs.  Willey, 
Lathrop,  and  Galusha,  who  issued  it  irregularly  and 
edited  it  in  turn.  It  subsequently  passed  into  the 
hands  of  the  managers  of  the  Baptist  Missionary 
Convention  of  New  York,  and  became  the  organ  of 
the  Convention,  with  Alexander  M.  Beebeo,  Esq., 
as  editor.  In  1825  the  Register  absorbed  a  mis 
sionary  newspaper  in  the  form  of  a  quarterly  mag 
azine,  which,  in  1814,  was  started  and  edited  by 
Elders  P.  P.  Root,  Daniel  Ilaskell,  John  Lawton, 
and  John  Peck.  Its  name,  The  Vehicle,  was  sub 
sequently  changed  to  the  Baptist  Western  Maga 
zine.  Mr.  Beebee  was  a  gentleman  of  eminence  in 
the  bar  of  Onondaga  County,  and  under  him  the 
Register  was  a  most  efficient  advocate  and  helper  in 
giving  growtli  and  strength  to  the  denomination 
and  its  enterprises. 

The  New  York  Recorder  was  the  outgrowth  of 
The  Baptist  Advocate.  The  first  issue  of  the  Ad 
vocate  was  on  May  11.  1839.  It  was  founded  by  a 
number  of  leading  Baptists  in  New  York  City,  and 
the  late  Wm.  II.  Wyckoff,  LL.D..  was  its  editor. 
In  about  six  months  the  Advocate  Association  pur 
chased  the  Gospel  Witness,  the  only  rival  of  the 


new  paper.  But  the  Advocate  was  not  a  financial 
success,  and  was  sold  about  the  year  1842  to  Messrs. 
Barker  &  Thompson.  Mr.  Barker  soon  withdrew, 
leaving  Rev.  James  L.  Thompson  as  the  owner  and 
publisher.  A  year  or  two  later  Mr.  Wyckoff  re 
signed  the  editorial  chair,  and  Rev.  S.  S.  Cutting. 
D.D.,  became  the  editor.  The  name  was  changed 
to  the  New  York  Recorder,  and  the  paper  subse 
quently  became  the  property  of  Rev.  Lewis  Colby 
and  Mr.  Joseph  Ballard.  In  February,  1850,  the 
Recorder  was  purchased  by  Prof.  M.  B.  Anderson, 
then  of  Waterville  College.  Me.,  now  President 
Anderson,  of  Rochester  University,  and  the  late 
Rev.  James  S.  Dickerson,  D.I).  When  Prof.  An 
derson  became  president  of  the  university  in  the 
autumn  of  1853,  the  paper  was  again  sold.  Rev.  L. 
F.  Beecher  being  the  purchaser.  The  Register, 
still  published  at  Utica,  and  then  owned  by  Rev. 
Andrew  Ten  Brook,  D.D.,  was  soon  afterwards  uni 
ted  with  it.  and  the  Recorder  became  the  New 
York  Recorder  and  Register,  with  Dr.  Ten  Brook 
as  one  of  its  editors. 

The  New  York  Chronicle,  at  first  a  monthly  pub 
lication,  was  begun  by  Rev.  0.  B.  Judd.  LL.D..  in 
1849,  and  became  a  weekly  paper  in  October,  1850. 
One  of  its  distinctive  features  was  its  earnest  ad 
vocacy  of  the  Bible  revision  of  the  American  Bible 
Union.  About  1853  or  1854  the  Chronicle  was  pur 
chased  by  Rev.  J.  S.  Backus,  D.D..  and  at  the  be 
ginning  of  1855,  Rev.  Pharcellus  Church,  D.D., 
was  associated  with  Dr.  Backus  as  editor  and  pro 
prietor. 

In  January  of  the  next  year  Dr.  Church  bought 
the  whole  paper,  and  late  in  1863  he  purchased  the 
Christian  Chronicle,  of  Philadelphia,  edited  by  the 
Rev.  J.  S.  Dickerson,  D.D.,  and  continued  to  be  the 
editor  of  the  united  paper  until  March.  1865.  when 
the  Chronicle  was  united  with  The  Examiner. 

Prior  to  the  establishment  of  the  Baptist  Advo 
cate,  various  attempts  had  been  made  to  found  a 
Baptist  weekly  newspaper  in  New  York  City.  But 
it  is  difficult  to  learn  the  facts,  even  with  the  help 
of  Mr.  Geo.  II.  Ilansell,  who  is  probably  more 
familiar  with  them  than  any  other  man.  The  first 
Baptist  paper  he  has  knowledge  of  in  New  York 
City  was  the  Gospel  Witness,  started  in  1835.  The 
Directory  for  1836  gives  the  name  of  The  Ameri 
can  Baptist,  edited  and  owned  by  Rev.  Jonathan 
Going,  D.D.  In  1837  the  Baptist  Repository  ap 
peared,  edited  by  Rev.  N.  N.  Whiting  and  Rev. 
David  Barnard.  But  none  of  these  newspaper 
ventures  were  successful,  and  the  memory  of  them 
has  been  barely  preserved.  It  cannot  be  said  that 
The  Examiner  and  Chronicle  is  a  continuation  of 
either  of  the  papers  named  in  this  last  paragraph. 

Eyres,  Rev.  Nicholas,  was  born  in  Wiltshire. 
England,  Aug.  22,  1691  ;  came  to  New  York  about 
1711  ;  was  baptized  in  1714  by  Rev.  Valentine 


FAITH 


388 


FAITH 


Weightman,  of  Connecticut,  :ind  aided  in  founding  intelligence,  benevolence,  and  piety.  His  associate 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  that  city  and  in  the  in  Newport,  Rev.  D.  Wightman,  was  born  in  South 
State  ;  was  ordained  pastor  of  that  church  (then  ;  Kingstown,  II.  I.,  Jan.  2.  1008  ;  was  ordained  in 
Gold  Street)  in  September,  17-4;  in  October,  173.1,  1701  as  co-pastor  with  Rev.  Mr.  Clark,  of  the  Sec- 
resigned  and  became  co-pastor  with  Rev.  Daniel  ond  Baptist  church  in  Newport,  and  remained  as 
Wightman  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Xcw-  minister  of  this  church  till  his  death  in  1750;  a 
p'irt,  R.  T.  ;  died  Feb.  1.'!.  17")',';  a  man  of  great  |  man  greatly  beloved  and  honored. 


F. 


Faith,  Saving. — The  majority  of  unconverted 
men  in  our  country  admit  the  divinity  of  Christ, 
and  all  the  Scriptural  facts  in  his  earthly  history, 
and  some  of  them  claim  a  considerable  measure  of 
orthodoxy,  even  accordingto  recognized  standards  of 
sound  religious  belief.  But  these  persons  have  not 
saving  faith.  It  requires  from  a  penitent  that  he 
should  intrust  his  soul  to  Jesus  for  the  removal  of 
its  iniquities.  In  John  ii.  24,  it  is  written,  "  But 
Jesus  did  not  commit  himself  to  them.''  The  word 
translated  "did  commit"  is  ETT'HJTVEV,  "did  believe,7' 
as  it  commonly  means.  But  it  is  properly  rendered 
in  the  quotation  ;  John  uses  it  in  the  sense  of  com 
mitting  or  intrusting  himself.  Saving  faith  is  that 
act  of  a  burdened  soul  by  which  it  intrusts  itself 
to  Jesus  that  he  might  forgive  and  save  it. 

Saving  faith  rests  upon  these  foundations.  A 
man  believes  that  God  is  inflexibly  holy,  that  he 
hates  sin,  and  that  nothing  can  keep  him  from  in 
flicting  just  but  weighty  punishment  upon  it;  his 
conviction  of  Jehovah's  holiness  leads  him  to  be 
lieve  that  it  is  a  fearful  thing  to  fall  into  the  hands 
of  the  living  God.  lie  believes  that  he  is  guilty 
before  the  eternal  judge,  that  his  thoughts  have 
been  evil,  his  affections  alienated,  and  his  words 
and  works  sinful;  and  that  he  is  hopelessly  lost 
unless  Jesus  exercises  his  mercy  towards  him.  He 
believes  that  God's  love  is  the  greatest  blessing  in 
any  world.  He  thinks  with  hungering  desire  of 
that  love  that  made  Jehovah  give  up  his  most  dear 
and  only  Son  to  be  put  to  death  instead  of  poor, 
guilty,  perishing  sinners.  And  he  is  fully  assured 
that  God  has  infinite  pleasure  in  receiving  and 
in  forgiving  penitent  souls.  lie  believes  in  the 
Saviour's  merits;  his  obedience  in  life,  and  his 
fierce  pangs  in  death.  In  the  Saviour's  blood  he 
sees  the  only  oure  for  his  guilt,  arid  a  purifying 
element  that  will  cleanse  away  all  his  sins.  He 
also  frequently  seizes  some  encouraging  promise, 
to  which  he  tenaciously  clings,  such  as  "  Him  that 
cometh  to  me  I  will  in  no  wise  cast  out."  And  as 
he  fully  believes  in  God's  holiness  and  love,  in 


Christ's  blood  and  promise,  and  in  his  own  guilti 
ness,  he  ventures  to  intrust  his  condemned  soul  to 
the  Crucified,  and  the  moment  he  commits  it  to  the 
meritorious  and  loving  Redeemer  by  faith  he  is 
forgiven.  These  are  the  bases  of  saving  faith. 

The  oivner  of  it  ?',s>  never  entirely  free  from  sinful 
tendencies.  The  young  convert  is  apt  to  imagine 
that  he  ought  to  be  wholly  delivered  from  every 
sinful  inclination.  Satan  encourages  this  impres 
sion,  and  tries  to  persuade  him  that  he  is  not  trulv 
regenerated,  or  sin  would  cease  to  trouble  him. 
The  man  has  a  new  heart  and  hates  sin  ;  its  power 
within  him  is  broken  ;  he  loves  Jesus,  and  he 
blames  himself  severely  for  not  loving  him  more; 
he  prays  earnestly  and  his  prayers  have  been 
answered  ;  but  he  is  not  infallible,  he  finds  he  can 
be  tempted,  and  he  has  to  watch  and  pray  against 
the  Evil  One.  Sometimes  Satan  tries  to  make  him 
proud,  angry,  covetous,  forgetful  of  God  and  un 
grateful  to  him  ;  and  lie  is  full  of  grief  over  Satan's 
threatened  or  partial  success.  He  finds  constant 
need  to  watch  his  heart,  and  cling  to  Jesus  for 
merits  to  justify,  and  grace  to  protect  against  his 
own  weakness  and  Satan's  wiles. 

Nor  is  saving  faith  always  free  from  doubts.  It 
is  the  privilege  of  every  Christian  to  have  full  as 
surance  of  faith,  and  many  believers  enjoy  this 
treasure.  But  not  a  few  are  "  weak  in  faith"  who 
are  certain  to  enter  heaven  :  "  Him  that  is  weak  in 
faith  receive  ye,  but  not  to  doubtful  disputations." — 
Rom.  xiv.  1.  Doubts  are  sometimes  thrust  into  the 
soul  by  the  Tempter,  just  as  he  inspires  blasphe 
mous  or  other  wicked  thoughts  which  the  believer 
rejects,  and  for  which  he  is  not  responsible.  Some 
times  they  come  from  a  constitutional  tendency  to 
look  on  the  dark  side  of  everything.  Sometimes 
they  spring  from  a  feeble  condition  of  health.  And 
very  often  they  seize  a  believer  who  has  fallen  into 
worldliness,  or  some  other  breach  of  saintly  fidelity. 
The  Christian  should  aim  at  the  strongest  faith,  and 
the  Spirit  will  give  it  when  he  seeks  it.  But  men 
are  not  saved  by  the  amount  of  their  faith,  if 


FARMER 


389 


FARNSWOETH 


they  have  true  sorrow  for  sin,  and  a  true  reliance 
upon  a  crucified  Saviour;  the  life  of  a  babe  is  just 
as  real  as  that  of  a  giant ;  and  the  faith  of  a  believer 
whose  trust  in  Jesus  is  only  like  that  of  a  "  babe  in 
Christ'1  will  save  him. 

It  gives  the  believer  great  power  with  God.  The 
mightiest  instrument  ever  used  by  mortals  is  a 
vigorous  faith  in  Jesus.  It  not  only  removes  the 
guilt  of  many  years  and  of  shocking  vileness  from 
the  distressed  sinner  and  gives  him  complete  justi 
fication  before  the  pure  and  piercing  eye  of  the 
Omniscient,  but  it  brings  down  harvests  of  answers 
to  prayers  which  bless  the  soul,  the  family,  and  the 
church.  It  fitted  Abraham  to  offer  up  Isaac  in  sac 
rifice  to  God,  because  it  showed  him  his  son  in  a 
figure  restored  from  the  dead.  It  gave  courage  to 
Moses,  the  timid  fugitive  who  fled  from  Egypt  to  es 
cape  the  weightiest  penalty  of  its  law,  to  confront  and 
defy  Pharaoh,  his  army,  and  his  people.  It  enabled 
Sbadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abednego  to  be  confident 
that  God  would  protect  them  from  the  vengeance 
of  Nebuchadnezzar,  and,  armed  with  this  sublime 
conviction,  they  looked  with  contempt  upon  the 
intense  heat  of  the  fiery  furnace,  while  they  in 
formed  the  king  himself  not  only  that  they  would 
not  worship  his  image,  but  they  also  said.  "  Our 
God,  whom  we  serve,  is  able  to  deliver  us  from  the 
burning  fiery  furnace,  and  he  will  deliver  us  out  of 
thy  hand.  0  king."  As  the  coupling  of  a  railroad 
car  links  it  to  the  locomotive  and  gives  it  all  its 
power,  so  faith  unites  the  soul  to  Jesus,  and  be 
stows  upon  it  his  divine  righteousness,  his  al 
mighty  strength,  his  matchless  wisdom,  his  all- 
prevalent  intercession,  the  revelation  of  his  great 
love,  and  his  sure  victory  over  all  enemies.  Truly 
faith  can  remove  mountains,  bring  down  rain 
storms,  divide  oceans,  and  confer  upon  a  terrified 
supplicant  great  deliverance,  and  the  most  glorious 
of  titles, — A  Prevdiler  with  God. 

Faith,  in  common  with  every  grace  in  the  re 
newed  man,  is  the  gift  of  God.  It  can  be  greatly 
strengthened  by  cultivating  an  earnest  love  for 
Jesus,  complete  consecration  of  heart,  active  efforts 
to  glorify  the  Saviour,  and  constant  struggles  in 
the  soul  to  resist  doubting  tendencies  ;  bv  assidu 
ous  attention  to  closet  exercises,  Bible  reading,  and 
sanctuary  privileges  -.  by  the  utmost  resistance  to 
sin  in  every  form,  and  by  the  frequently  repeated 
prayer,  '•  Lord,  increase  our  faith.'1 

Farmer,  Hon.  William,  is  one  of  the  most 
•widely  known,  generous,  and  influential  Baptist 
laymen  in  California.  He  was  born  in  Anderson 
Co..  Tenn.,  in  1800 ;  resided  in  Tennessee  and  in 
Cass  Co.,  Mo.,  until  1857,  when  he  moved  to  Santa 
llosa,  Cal.,  where  he  now  lives.  He  has  always 
been  noted  for  his  hospitality,  and  since  his  bap 
tism,  in  1838,  as  a  prominent  worker  in  the  church. 
He  has  for  many  years  been  an  upright  and  hon 


ored  judge  of  the  County  Court.  lie  is  widely 
known  in  California  as  "Deacon  Farmer.'1 

Farnham,  Jonathan  Everett,  LL.D.,  a  dis 
tinguished  scholar  and  educator,  was  born  in  Con 
necticut,  Aug.  12,  1809.  lie  finished  his  education 
at  Colby  University,  where  he  graduated  in  1833. 
and  for  two  years  was  tutor  in  that  institution. 
He  then  studied  law  three  years  at  Providence, 
R.  I.,  after  which  he  went  to  Cincinnati,  where  he 
continued  his  legal  studies.  In  1838  he  was  elected 
Professor  of  Physical  Science  in  Georgetown  Col 
lege,  Ky.,  and  has  continuously  occupied  that  posi 
tion.  For  a  number  of  years  during  this  period 
he  conducted  the  Georgetown  Female  Seminary,  a 
school  of  high  grade.  In  early  life  Dr.  Farnham 
became  a  Baptist,  and  has  been  a  valuable  con 
tributor  to  the  periodical  literature  of  the  denomi 
nation. 

Famsworth,  Hon.  J.  D.,  was  born  in  Middle- 
town.  Conn.,  in  1771.  When  ho  was  six  years  of 
age  his  parents  removed  to  Bennington,  Vt.  lie 
became  a  hopeful  Christian  at  twelve.  Ho  com 
pleted  his  classical  studies  at  Clio  Hall,  the  first 
literary  institution  of  the  kind  ever  incorporated 
in  Vermont.  Having  decided  to  be  a  physician, 
he  entered  upon  the  study  of  his  profession,  and 
at  eighteen  took  his  medical  degree,  and  after 
practising  for  a  time  at  Addison,  Vt.,  he  removed, 
in  1795,  to  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  where  he 
spent  the  most  of  his  life.  For  more  than  fifty 
years  he  was  one  of  the  most  successful  physicians 
in  the  northern  section  of  Vermont.  He  was  chief 
judge  in  Franklin  County  for  fifteen  years,  and  a 
member  of  the  State  Legislature  for  about  twenty- 
seven  years.  He  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  pro 
gress  of  the  denomination.  The  constitution  of 
the  first  Baptist  Association  ever  formed  in  North 
ern  Vermont,  was  drafted  by  him.  Associated 
with  Gov.  Butler  and  several  others,  he  took  the 
first  steps  towards  the  organization  of  the  Ver 
mont  State  Convention.  An  act  was  passed  in  1787 
by  the  Legislature  requiring  the  inhabitants  of 
each  town  to  support  the  "standing  order."  unless 
they  could  show  that  they  were  connected  with 
some  other  religions  organization.  The  Baptists, 
with  their  well-known  sentiments  on  the  right  of 
private  judgment  in  matters  of  religion,  were  led 
earnestly  to  oppose  the  act.  The  struggle  lasted 
for  many  years,  and  the  act  was  repealed  in  1807. 
In  all  the  controversy  connected  with  the  important 
subject  Dr.  Farnsworth  took  an  important  part, 
lie  was  a  decided  Baptist  for  nearly  seventy  years, 
and  boldly  defended  the  peculiar  views  of  his  de 
nomination.  It  is  said  that  he  had  probably  pre 
sided  at  more  conventions,  Associations,  councils, 
etc.,  than  any  other  Baptist  who  ever  lived  in  the 
State  of  Vermont.  He  died  at  his  residence  in 
Fairfax,  Vt.,  Sept.  9,  1857,  honored  and  beloved  by 


FARRAR 


390 


FA  WCETT 


his  own  denomination  and  a  large  circle  of  his  f'el- 
low-citizens. 

Farrar,  Rev.  Wm.  M.,  an  aged  minister  in 
Mississippi,  was  born  in  Georgia;  ordained  in 
1S34,  and  the  year  following  removed  to  Mississippi, 
where  he  has  labored  successfully  forty-three  years. 
He  spent  fourteen  years  in  agency  work,  and  raised 
in  cash  about  St'»( ).(.)()( I,  and  in  pledges  about  S20. 1)00 
more.  Much  of  his  time  was  devoted  to  missionary 
work,  and  about  twenty  years  to  the  pastorate. 
Me  was  two  years  associate  editor  of  the  Hfissis- 
sij>/>i  Jiajilixf. 

Farrow,  Deacon  D.  T.  C.,  was  born  in  Wood 

Co..  AV.  Va.,  Nov.  ]'.»,  1S20.  He  was  baptized  Feb. 
15,  1843.  About  1849  he  became  deeply  interested 
in  Sunday-schools  and  missions.  In  180(5  he  was 
appointed  Sunday-School  missionary  for  the  State 
by  the  American  "Baptist  Publication  Society. 
and  he  is  at  present  engaged  in  that  work.  II<> 
has  organized  10U  Sunday-schools,  8  Sunday- 
school  conventions,  and  I  church  ;  has  visited  47 
of  the  54  counties  of  the  State ;  has  sold  and 
distributed  $34.000  worth  of  publications  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society.  Mr.  Far 
row  has  been  greatly  blessed  in  his  work,  for  which 
he  is  well  adapted.  He  has  acted  as  secretary  and 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  General  Association, 
and  has  long  been  a  life-member,  and  has  made  all 
his  family — wife  and  five  children — life-members. 
Mr.  Farrow  has  been  of  very  great  service  to  the 
denomination  in  West  Virginia,  and  these  services 
have  been  rendered  whilst  frequently  suffering  from 
severe  physical  disability. 

Farwell,  Hon.  Levi,  was  born  about  the  year 
1784.  He  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Dr.  Baldwin,  Sept. 
1 1 ,  181 1 ,  and  was  a  constituent  member  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  For  many 
years  he  was  the  "  steward''  of  Harvard  College, 
and  important  civil  trusts  were  committed  to  his 
hands.  Prof.  II.  J.  Ripley  says  of  him,  "  He  was 
a  man  of  sound  judgment,  and  an  example  of 
pure  and  consistent  piety.  Eminently  discreet,  he 
was  also  uniformly  devotional.  In  church  and  in 
state  his  opinion  was  sought  with  profound  re 
spect.  He  and  his  wife  can  never  cease  to  be  held 
in  the  kindest  remembrance.  His  funds,  like  those 
of  Mr.  Cobb,  were  liberally  bestowed  upon  the  in 
stitution  at  Newton."  Mr.  Farwell  died  May  27, 
1S44. 

Faunce,  Rev.  D.  W.,  was  born  in  Plymouth, 
Mass.  He  was  baptized  at  the  early  age  of  four 
teen,  by  Rev.  Ira  Pearson,  lie  was  a  graduate  of 
Amherst  College  in  the  class  of  1850,  and  pursued 
his  theological  studies  for  two  years  at  the  Newton 
Theological  Institution.  He  was  ordained  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Somerville,  Mass.,  in  1853, 
where  he  remained  one  year,  and  then  removed  to 
Worcester,  Mass.  His  subsequent  pastorates  have 


been  in  Maiden,  Mass.,  Concord,  N.  II.,  and  Lynn, 
Mass.,  where  he  now  resides. 

Mr.  Faunce  has  written  much  for  denominational 
papers,  and  prepared  articles  for  the  llaptist  Quar- 
lerly.  In  1S74  he  was  awarded  the  "Fletcher 

I  Prize"  at  Dartmouth  College,  and  his  essay  was 
subsequently  published,  under  the  title  "  The 

|  Christian  in  the  World."  lie  has  published  also  "  A 
Young  Man's  Difficulties  with  the  Bible."  Both  of 
these  volumes  have  been  republished  in  London. 

FaWCett,  Rev.  A.  J.,  pastor  at  Hamburg.  Ark., 
was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1S45;  after  receiving  a 
good  education,  he  began  to  preach  in  1S07  ;  was 

\  first   pastor  at  Ilumboldt.   Term.,  and  continued  to 

I  preach  in  West  Tennessee  until  1870,  when  he  was 
called  to  Lake  Village,  Chicot  Co.,  Ark.  ;  in  1879 
he  was  invited  to  his  present  work. 

FaWCett,  John,  D.D.,  was  born  near  Bradford, 
Yorkshire,  England,  Jan.  0,  1740.  He  was  con 
verted  through  the  instrumentality  of  George 
Whitefield  when  he  was  about  sixteen  years  of 
age,  and  at  nineteen  he  was  baptized  into  the  fel 
lowship  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Bradford.  In 
1705,  Mr.  Fawcett  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Bap 
tist  church  of  Wainsgate.  where  his  labors  were 
greatly  blessed.  He  removed  from  Wainsgate  to 
Ilebden  Bridge,  where  he  continued  till  his  death, 
which  occurred  July  25,  1S14.  Near  Ilebden 
Bridge  Mr.  Fawcett  conducted  a  flourishing  acad 
emy,  where  John  Foster,  and  others  who  subse 
quently  gained  great  distinction,  received  their 
entire  education,  or  a  part  of  it.  Mr.  Fawcett 
had  extensive  culture  and  respectable  talents  :  his 
reading  was  remarkable,  and  his  standing  in  his 
own  and  other  denominations  high.  When  Dr. 
Gill  died  he  was  invited  by  his  church  to  London, 
with  a  view  of  becoming  his  successor.  He  was 
offered  the  presidency  of  Bristol  College  in  1792. 

His  commentary  on  the  Bible,  in  two  folio  vol 
umes,  is  of  great  worth  for  its  devotional  char 
acter,  and  though  now  very  scarce,  it  is  highly 
prized  by  those  who  own  it.  He  wrote  a  volume 
of  original  hymns,  many  of  which  are  to  be  found 
in  the  sacred  songs  of  various  denominations.  He 
was  the  author  of  eleven  works. 

A  clergyman,  preaching  before  George  III.,  made 
a  quotation  from  a  small  volume  written  by  Mr. 
Fawcett,  which  attracted  the  king's  attention  ;  on 
inquiring,  he  found  that  Mr.  Fawcett  was  the 
author  of  the  book.  Through  the  preacher  he  sent 
word  that  he  would  like  to  render  Mr.  Fawcett  some 
service.  The  Baptist  pastor  declined  the  king's  favor 
for  himself  ;  but  afterwards  turned  it  to  account 
by  saving  one  man  from  being  executed,  and  sev 
eral  others  from  heavy  legal  penalties.  In  1811, 
Mr.  Fawcett  was  made  a  Doctor  of  Divinity.  Dr. 
Fawcett  had  all  the  qualities  that  show  a  conse 
crated  life. 


391 


FERGUSON 


Feake,  Rev.  Christopher,  was  a  minister  of 

the  Established  Church  of  England,  who  adopted 
the  sentiments  of  the  Baptists  in  the  time  of  the  Par 
liamentary  war,  and  became  one  of  the  most  noted 
leaders  of  our  denomination.  When  a  Baptist  he 
preached  in  All-Saints'  church,  Hertford,  the  great 
est  church  in  the  place;  while  there  he  opposed  the 
Westminster  Assembly  of  Divines,  and  treated  their 
Directory  with  contempt.  For  these  supposed 
heresies  and  for  his  Fiftli  Monarchy  principles  he 
was  brought  before  the  assizes,  but  the  judges  dis 
missed  the  charge.  Afterwards  he  was  appointed 
minister  of  Christ's  church,  in  London  ;  and  lie  be- 
Ciime  the  possessor  of  so  much  influence  that  Crom 
well,  who  hated  persecution,  felt  compelled  to  have 
him  arrested  and  sent  a  prisoner  to  Windsor  Castle 
for  hostility  to  his  government.  lie  knew  nothing 
of  fear,  and  being  a  stern  republican,  he  publicly 
branded  Cromwell  as  "  the  most  dissembling  and 
perjured  villain  in  the  world  ;"  and  he  made  this 
charge  at  the  period  of  Cromwell's  greatest  power. 
Feake  was  a  skillful  orator,  a  bold  defender  of  the 
truth,  a  great  sufferer  for  his  principles,  and  he  was 
held  in  high  regard  by  the  Baptists  of  his  day. 

Felder,  Rev.  Charles,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Mississippi  and  Louisiana,  was  born  in  1783  ;  be 
gan  to  preach  in  1809  ;  came  to  Mississippi  in  1819, 
and  was  an  active  co-laborer  with  Cooper,  Reeves. 
Courtney,  and  others,  in  South  Mississippi ;  was 
often  moderator  of  the  Mississippi  Association ; 
died  in  1843. 

Felix,  Rev.  Joseph  S.,  brother  of  William  II., 
was  born  in  Woodford  Co.,  Ky.,  Aug.  19,  1851. 
He  graduated  at  Georgetown  College  in  1871  ;  then 
spent  one  year  at  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary.  He  united  with  Ilillsborough  church, 
in  his  native  county,  where  he  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1871.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Augusta,  Ky..  in  1872,  where  he 
still  ministers.  Mr.  Felix  is  a  young  preacher  of 
excellent  gifts  and  attainments. 

Felix,  Rev.  William  H.,  was  born  in  Wood- 
ford  Co.,  Ky.,  Oct.  6,  1838.  He  united  with  Ilills 
borough  Baptist  church,  in  that  county,  in  his 
youth.  He  was  educated  at  Georgetown  College, 
graduating  in  1860,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
and  practised  law  at  Shelbyville  a  short  time.  He 
was  ordained  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Xew  Castle,  in  August,  1860.  He  accepted  a 
call  to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Lexington  in 
1863,  and  resigned,  in  1869,  to  accept  a  call  to  Pil 
grim  Baptist  church  in  Xew  York  City.  In  1870 
he  returned  to  Covington,  Ky.,  and  became  pastor 
of  his  present  charge,  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
that  city.  Mr.  Felix's  contributions  to  the  Baptist 
periodical  literature  have  been  well  received,  and 
his  book  "True  Womanhood,''  recently  published, 
has  met  with  popular  favor. 


Felton,  Richard,  was  a  deacon  with  C.  E. 
Skinner,  of  the  Hertford  Baptist  church,  and  like 
him  was  distinguished  for  his  liberality,  lie  gave 
§7000  to  build  the  church  in  Hertford  ;  he  also  gave 
$5000.  at  the  convention  in  Raleigh,  in  1856,  to 
Wake  Forest  College,  and  about  the  same  time  he 
gave  $2000  towards  the  erection  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Raleigh.  X.  C.  More  than  the  example  of 
his  friend  and  brother,  Deacon  Skinner,  prompting 
him  to  benevolence,  was  the  sweet  influence  of  his 
wife,  Mary,  whose  noble  heart  consecrated  all  to 
Christ.  Deacon  Felton  died  soon  after  the  close  of 
the  war. 

Fendall,  Rev.  Edward  Davies,  was  born  at 
Churchtown,  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa,.  Aug.  6,  1814 ; 
was  converted  under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Leonard 
Fletcher,  and  by  him  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Great  Valley  church.  Chester  Co.,  Pa.  Al 
though  reared  in  the  Episcopalian  Church,  he  be 
came  a  Baptist  through  careful  reading  and  study 
of  the  New  Testament.  With  six  other  brethren, 
he  was  licensed  to  preach,  Jan.  5,  1839,  and  en 
tered  upon  a  course  of  study  at  Haddington  and 
Burlington  Institutions,  under  the  instruction  of 
Revs.  Henry  K.  Green  and  Samuel  Aaron.  Fail 
ing  health  compelled  him  to  leave  his  studies,  and 
he  commenced  his  ministry  at  Cedarville,  X.  J.  ; 
was  ordained  May  17.  1839.  and  after  a  successful 
pastorate,  he  resigned  April  1,  1843.  lie  then 
became  pastor  of  the  venerable  Cohansey  church, 
at  Roadstown,  X.  J.,  which  was  constituted  in 
1690,  and  was  one  of  the  five  constituents  of  the 
Philadelphia  Association,  formed  in  1707.  Here 
he  remained  some  three  years  and  a  half,  during 
which  the  church  attained  its  greatest  number  of 
members.  After  several  years  spent  in  teaching, 
he  became  pastor  at  Moorestown,  X.  J.,  May  1, 
1852.  Here  his  labors  were  greatly  blessed,  and 
he  remained  for  twelve  years,  when  failing  health 
compelled  his  retirement  from  the  pastorate.  In 
1854  he  was  chosen  clerk  of  the  West  Jersey 
Association,  which  office  he  still  holds.  In  1864 
he  became  Philadelphia  editor  of  The  Chronicle, 
the  successor  of  the  Christian  Chronicle,  which  had 
been  transferred  to  Xew  York.  In  March,  1865, 
he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  sales 
department  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society;  and  in  1876  was  chosen  assistant  corre 
sponding  secretary,  which  position  he  still  holds. 
He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  religious  news 
papers  :  and  wrote  one  or  two  tracts  which  have 
been  widely  circulated.  By  those  who  know  him, 
he  will  always  be  kindly  remembered  as  an  ex 
ceedingly  affable  and  exemplary  Christian  gentle 
man. 

Ferguson,  John,  was  converted  in  Halifax, 
Xova  Scotia,  and  baptized  July  9,  1826,  by  Rev. 
Edward  Manning  :  joined  Granvillc  Street  church, 


FERRIS  3! 

organized  in  that  city  in  1827,  and  became  very  in 
fluential  in  the  church  and  denomination;  a  warm 
friend  of  education ;  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Christian  Mcssentjar  from  its  commencement,  in 
1836,  to  his  death,  Feb.  10,  1855.  Mr.  Ferguson 
possessed  fine  talents,  rare  judgment  and  penetra 
tion,  and  holy  enthusiasm  in  Christian  and  denom 
inational  enterprises. 
Ferris,  Rev.  Ezra,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Stan- 

wich,  Conn.,  April  26,  1783.  He  came  with  his 
father  to  Ohio  in  1780,  and  settled  in  Columbia, 
the  first  town  in  the  Miami  Valley.  He  joined  the 
Baptist  church  there  in  1801.  lie  came  to  Law- 
renceburg,  Ind.,  in  1807,  and  preached  the  first 
sermon  ever  heard  from  a  Baptist  in  the  county. 
A  few  years  afterwards  lie  organized  the  Lawrence- 
burg  Baptist  church,  and  was  its  pastor  for  more 
than  thirty  years,  lie  was  prominent  in  the  or 
ganization  of  the  Laugliery  Association  in  1816. 

In  his  youth  he  had  returned  to  the  East  to  ob 
tain  an  education.  lie  was  for  many  years  a  physi 
cian,  having  graduated  at  a  Philadelphia  medical 
college.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  constitu 
tional  convention  of  Indiana,  held  at  Corydon,  was 
several  times  elected  to  the  State  Legislature,  and 
was  once  nominated  for  Congress,  but  was  defeated 
by  five  votes.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Lawrence- 
burg,  April  19,  1857. 

Fielding,  F.  W.— Few,  if  any,  of  the  sons  of 
South  Carolina  have  been  endowed  with  nobler 
intellectual  or  moral  faculties  than  F.  W.  Fielding, 
but  his  lack  of  "ambition,"  last  infirmity  of  noble 
minds,  is  a  real  defect  in  his  character.  His  prac 
tice  as  a  lawyer  before  the  war  was  very  lucrative, 
and  yet  he  never  seemed  to  make  the  slightest 
effort  to  extend  it. 

The  writer  once  heard  him  deliver  an  argument 
in  court.  In  the  beginning  it  was  commonplace. 
But  as  his  argument  advanced  his  voice  rose,  his 
countenance  brightened  until  it  looked  almost  su 
perhuman,  and  a  mesmeric  charmer  has  scarcely 
more  complete  control  over  his  subjects  than  he 
had  over  his  entire  audience.  He  is  now  living  in 
Columbia. 

Had  he  sought  fame,  he  might,  instead  of  being 
but  partially  known  in  his  native  State,  have  ranked 
as  one  of  the  first  lawyers  of  the  nation.  He  is  a 
Christian,  with  such  a  measure  of  piety  as  makes 
him  a  blessing  to  the  church  and  to  the  world. 

Field,  Gen.  James  G.,  was  born  at  Walnut, 
Culpeper  Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  24,  1826.  His  father  was 
.  Lewis  Yancey  Field,  a  justice  of  the  county.  After 
receiving  the  elements  of  an  education,  he  was  en- 
faged  for  a  while  in  a  mercantile  house  in  Fairfax 
(Culpeper).  In  1845  he  left  this  occupation,  and 
entered  a  classical  school,  where  he  remained  about 
one  year.  In  1847  he  taught  school,  and  was  soon 
appointed  clerk  to  Maj.  Hill,  paymaster  in  the  U.  S. 


!  FIELD 

army,  with  whom  he  went  to  California  in  1848. 
There,  in  1850,  he  was  elected  one  of  the  secre 
taries  of  tht!  constitutional  convention,  which 
formed  the  first  constitution  of  that  State.  In 


GEX.   JAMES    G.    FIELD. 

1850  he  returned  to  Virginia,  resigned  his  clerk 
ship,  and  began  the  study  of  law  with  his  distin 
guished  uncle  Judge  Richard  II.  Field.  In  1852 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  and  began  a  profes 
sional  career,  which  has  continued  to  brighten  to 
the  present  hour.  In  1860  he  was  elected  attorney 
for  the  Commonwealth  in  his  native  county,  which 
office  he  held  until  1865.  Gen.  Field  took  an  active 
part  in  the  Confederate  service  during  the  war,  was 
wounded  in  the  right  hand  at  the  first  battle  of 
Cold  Harbor,  and  lost  a  leg  at  the  battle  of  Slaugh 
ters  Mountain.  Upon  the  close  of  the  war  he  re 
sumed  the  practice  of  law  in  Cnlpeper,  occupying 
the  first  rank  in  his  profession.  lie  has  been  active 
in  all  the  political  contests  in  the  State,  and  is  one 
of  the  ablest  debaters  and  most  eloquent  speakers 
in  a  commonwealth  greatly  gifted  with  such  men. 
On  the  death  of  the  lamented  Mr.  Daniel,  attorney- 
general  of  the  State,  Gov.  Kemper  commissioned 
him  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Mr.  Daniel.  On 
the  day  previous  to  this  appointment  the  Conser 
vative  party  of  Virginia  nominated  him  for  that 
distinguished  position. 

General  Field  was  baptized  May,  1843.  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  Mount  Poney  church  (Culpeper) 
by  Rev.  Cumberland  George,  where  he  has  been  a 
most  active  member  for  thirty-five  years.  He  was 
for  twenty  years  one  of  its  deacons,  and  for  many 


FIELD 


393 


FIFTH  MONARCHY  MEN 


years  superintendent  of  the  Sunday-school.  For 
successive  sessions  he  served  as  moderator  of  the 
Shi ioh  Baptist  Association,  lie  has  been  deeply 
interested  in  all  the  enterprises  of  the  denomina 
tion,  aiding  them  by  counsel  and  contributions. 
He  has  also  been  a  frequent  contributor  to  the 
secular  papers,  discussing  with  great  legal  acumen 
and  vigor  of  style  the  current  political  questions  of 
the  day.  One  who  knew  him  well  characterizes 
him  as  '•  a  sound  lawyer,  an  able  debater,  an  elo 
quent  speaker,  and  a  Christian  gentleman." 

Field,    S.  W.,   D.D.,  was   born   in   North   Yar 
mouth,  Me.,  April  28,  1813.     lie  was  baptized  by 


Rev.  Alonzo  King,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church, 
June,  1830  ;  fitted  for  college  at  the  academy  in 
his  native  place,  and  entered  Waterville  College  in 
1832;  completed  a  course  of  four  years'  study,  but 
took  his  degree  at  New  York  University  in  July, 
1836 ;  was  associate  teacher  with  Rev.  Xathan 
Dole  one  term  in  the  North  Yarmouth  Academy  ; 
entered  Newton  Theological  Institution,  and  grad 
uated  in  1839;  was  ordained  at  North  Yarmouth 
as  an  appointed  missionary  to  Assam,  Oct.  3,  1839. 
Rev.  Baron  Stow,  of  Boston,  preached  the  ordina 
tion  sermon  on  the  occasion.  As  the  board  were 
compelled  for  want  of  funds  to  inform  him  that  no 
missionary  could  be  sent  out  for  two  years,  ho  was 
under  the  necessity  of  settling  as  a  pastor.  His 
first  charge  was  in  Methuen.  Mass..  of  seven  years  ; 
his  second  in  llallowell,  Me.,  of  three  years.  In 
his  third  and  last,  by  the  lamented  death  of  his 
former  pastor,  Rev.  L.  Bradford,  he  became  pastor 
26 


of  what  was  the  Pine  Street,  now  the  Central  Bap 
tist,  church,  Providence,  R.  I.  After  ten  years' 
labor  he  resigned  in  1859.  He  was  engaged  in 
preaching  in  Providence  and  its  vicinity  till  1862, 
when  he  was  appointed  by  the  governor  of  Rhode 
Island  chaplain  of  the  12th  Regiment  R.  I.  Yols. 
Served  the  full  term  of  the  enlistment,  and  was  in 
the  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  Ya.  Heart  and  hand 
had  full  employ  on  that  terrible  day  and  for  many 
days  after.  He  was  highly  favored  in  his  religious 
work  by  the  co-operation  of  Col.  Geo.  II.  Browne 
and  Lt.-Col.  James  Shaw,  Jr.  He  is  still  a  resi 
dent  in  Providence,  and  a  member  of  the  First 
Baptist  church,  preaching  in  various  places  as  oc 
casion  calls  for  his  services.  In  1877  the  Central 
University  of  Iowa.  Rev.  L.  A.  Dunn,  D.D.,  Presi 
dent,  conferred  on  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Doc 
tor  of  Divinity. 

Fifth  Monarchy  Men,  The,  for  a  considerable 

period,  created  great  alarm  in  England  to  the  <rov- 
ernment  and  to  the  people.  Their  name  is  taken 
from  the  dream  of  Nebuchadnezzar  where  he  saw 
the  golden  image.  The  head  of  the  image  was  the 
monarchy  of  the  king  who  had  the  dream  ;  the 
silver  arms,  that  of  the  Medes  and  Persians  ;  the 
brazen  body,  that  of  Alexander  and  the  Macedo 
nians  ;  the  legs  of  iron  and  the  feet  part  iron  and 
part  clay,  that  of  the  Romans  ;  and  the  stone,  cut 
without  hands,  which  smote  and  utterly  destroyed 
the  image,  and  became  a  great  mountain,  and  filled 
the  whole  earth,  was  the  monarchy  of  Jesus  Christ 
which  was  to  overthrow  all  earthly  governments, 
and,  under  its  divine  sovereign,  rule  over  all  the 
nations  of  mankind.  This  was  the  "Fifth  Mon 
archy''  of  Cromwell's  day,  and  of  the  time  of 
Charles  II.  The  Fifth  Monarchy  men  were  in  ex 
pectation  of  the  coming  of  king  Jesus,  and  of  his 
glorious  reign  of  a  thousand  years  upon  the  earth. 
They  aimed  to  destroy  national  church  establish 
ments  and  tithes,  and  to  make  religion  free.  And 
they  were  stern  republicans,  hating  the  one-man 
power  of  Cromwell  a  little  more  than  they  abhorred 
the  tyranny  of  Charles  I.  If  this  had  been  all  their 
faith  many  would  not  have  found  much  fault  with 
them.  But  unfortunately  they  came  to  the  con 
clusion  that  they  had  to  establish  the  government 
of  king  Jesus  by  force  of  arms.  With  this  object 
in  view,  in  1657.  according  to  Neal,  300  of  them 
agreed  to  make  an  attempt  to  overthrow  the  gov 
ernment,  kill  the  Protector,  and  proclaim  kinir 
Jesus.  Secretary  Thurloe  discovered  the  plot  and 
seized  their  arms  and  standard.  Their  flag  had  a 
lion  couchant  upon  it,  alluding  to  the  lion  of  the 
tribe  of  Judah,  and  this  motto,  ''Who  will  rouse 
him?''  The  conspirators  were  arrested  and  kept 
in  prison  till  Oliver  Cromwell's  death. 

In  1660,  Thomas  Yenner,  a  wine  cooper,  gathered 
about  fifty  Fifth   Monarchy  men,  who  were  well 


Fixcir 


394 


armed,  who  set  out  to  seize  the  government  for 
kin<r  Jesus.  Charles  II.  was  on  the  throne,  and  lie 
was  no  friend  of  king  .Jesus,  or  of  Vernier  and  his 
crazy  followers,  lie  sent  the  train-bands  of  Lon 
don  and  portions  of  the  regular  army  against 
them.  The  Fifth  Monarchy  men  routed  the  train 
bands,  dispersed  some  soldiers  in  Threadneedle 
Street,  but  at  last  they  surrendered,  after  losing 
about  half  their  number,  and  eleven  of  them  were 
executed.  Xo  Baptists  had  anything  to  do  with 
Vernier's  mad  outbreak,  though  not  a  few  of  them 
had  some  sympathy  with  the  theory  of  the  personal 
rciirn  of  Christ  for  a  thousand  years. 

Finch,  Rev.  Josiah  John.—  This  excellent  man 
was  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  X.  C.,  Pel).  3,  1814;  at 
tended  academies  in  Louisbnrg  and  Raleigh,  and 
spent  two  sessions  at  Wake  Forest  College.  lie 
became  pastor  of  the  Kdenton  Baptist  church  in 
1835,  removed  in  1838  to  Xewbern,  where  for 
seven  years  lie  was  the  honored  pastor  of  the  lead- 
inn  Baptist  church  of  the  State.  In  1845  lie  was 
called  to  Raleigh,  whore,  in  connection  with  his 
duties  as  pastor,  he  aided  his  wife  in  conducting  a 
prosperous  female  seminary.  lie  (lied  of  consump 
tion  -Jan.  121,  1850.  A  volume  of  his  sermons,  pub 
lished  by  his  brother,  Rev.  G.  M.  L.  Finch,  after 
his  death,  shows  that  he  was  a  preacher  of  more 
than  ordinary  merit. 

Fish,    Ezra    J.,   D.D.,    was    born    in   Maccdon. 
Wayne  Co..   X.  Y.,   Sept.  29,   1S2S.     He  was  bap 
tized  in   Medina.  Orleans  Co.,   in  July,  1S44.     In 
the  fall  of  1S47  he  went  to  Hamilton  to  study  for 
the    ministry,    and     transferred     his     relations    to 
Rochester  University  in  IS 50,  graduating  from  the 
latter   institution   in   1S53.      He  commenced  study 
in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Rochester  the  same 
fall,  but  ill  health  compelled  him  to  cease  in  the 
autumn  of  1854,  and  he  went  to  Michigan  for  rest 
and  recuperation.     The  next  spring  he  began  pas 
toral   work   in    Lima,  Ind.     Here   and    at   Sturgis, 
Mich.,  he  labored  till  the  autumn  of  1858,  giving 
part  of  his  time  to  each  church.     Then  followed  a 
rest  of  three  years,  made  necessary  by  ill  health, 
then  a  second  pastorate  of  three  years  at  Sturgis. 
From  December,  1804.  till  November,  1874,  he  was 
pastor  in  Adrian,  and  was  very  successful  in  bring 
ing  the  church  into  the  front  rank  of  the  churches 
of   Michigan.      Sickness   again    compelled    him   to 
suspend  work,  and  for  nearly  three  years  he  was 
able  to  preach  only  a  part  of  the  time,  making  his 
home  in   Bronson,  and  supplying  churches  in  the 
vicinity  as  his  health   allowed.     From  April.  1877, 
till  -July.  1878.  he  did  the  work  of  a  pastor  in  Lan 
sing,   and   in   April,    1880,    became    pastor    in   Al- 
legan. 

For  several  years  he  has  directed  his  attention 
largely  to  the  study  of  church  organization  and 
officers,  and  he  published  a  volume,  soon  after 


leaving  Adrian,  entitled  "  Ecclesiology  :  A  Fresh 
Inquiry  into  the  Fundamental  Idea  and  Constitu 
tion  of  the  New  Testament  Church."  Kalamazoo 
College  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  in  1874.  He  was  president  of  the  Miehi- 
;an  Baptist  State  Convention  in  1807,  and  again 
in  1*73. 

Fish,  Henry  Clay,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Halifax. 
Vt.,  -Jan.  27,  1820.     His  father  was  a  Baptist  pas- 


HENRY    CLAY    FISH,  D.D. 

tor.  He  was  converted  at  fifteen.  He  studied  at 
the  high  school  in  his  native  town  and  at  the  Shel- 
burn  Falls  Academy.  He  taught  school  in  Massa 
chusetts,  and  came  to  New  Jersey  in  1840  to  pursue 
the  same  profession.  While  teaching  he  was  a 
very  severe  student,  as  indeed  he  was  ever  after. 
He  graduated  from  the  Union  Theological  Semi 
nary,  New  York  City,  June  25,  1845.  and  the  next 
day  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Somerville,  N.  J.  In  January.  1851,  he  entered 
upon  the  pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  at 
Newark.  The  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  on 
Mr.  Fish  by  the  University  of  Rochester.  He  took 
a  lively  interest  in  educational  enterprises,  particu 
larly  in  the  Peddie  Institute,  at  Hightstown,  N.  J. 
He  was  also  a  voluminous  author.  For  more  than 
twenty  years  he  published  an  average  of  a  volume 
a  year.  Among  his  works  are  "  Primitive  Piety," 
"Primitive  Piety  Revived."  "The  History  and 
Repository  of  Pulpit  Eloquence,"  "Pulpit  Elo 
quence  of  the  Nineteenth  Century."  "  The  Hand 
book  of  Revivals,"  and  •'  The  American  Manual  of 
Life  Insurance."  One  of  his  last  published  vol- 


FISH 


395 


FISHER 


unies  was  "Bible  Lands  Illustrated."  the  result  of 
an  eight  months'  journey  abroad  in  1874. 

He  died  at  his  home  Oct.  '2,  1877,  after  a  pastorate 
over  the  First  church  of  twenty-seven  years.  While 
Dr.  Fish  was  well  known  throughout  the  land,  and 
prominent  in  public  assemblies  as  well  as  in  his 
writings,  he  gave  particular  attention  to  the  edifi 
cation  of  his  large  church.  In  preaching  he  was 
very  earnest  and  pointed.  His  capacious  house 
was  filled  with  listeners.  He  infused  his  spirit  into 
every  department  of  Christian  work,  lie  made 
free  use  of  printed  tracts  and  slips  of  his  own  com 
position,  and  had  frequent  ingatherings  as  the  re 
sult  of  special  meetings.  The  last  year  of  his  life 
was  crowned  with  a  great  spiritual  harvest. 

For  many  years  he  was  secretary  of  the  New 
Jersey  Baptist  Education  Society,  and  he  rendered 
very  valuable  service  in  stimulating  the  churches 
to  deeper  interest  in  the  rising  ministry  arid  in  en 
couraging  candidates  for  the  sacred  office  in  their 
efforts  to  prepare  themselves  for  the  noblest  of 
callings. 

Fish,  Rev.  Joel  W.,  a  native  of  Cheshire. 
Berkshire  Co.,  Mass.,  was  born* Feb.  1.  1817.  Edu 
cated  at  Madison  University,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  1843,  and  Hamilton  Theological  Sem 
inary,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  184").  lie 
was  ordained  in  September,  l84f>,  at  Mansville, 
X.  Y.  ;  soon  after  which  he  came  to  Wisconsin  as 
a  missionary  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis 
sion  Society,  and  settled  at  Geneva,  where  he  was 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  seven  years.  Subse 
quently  he  labored  at  Racine  two  years,  Fox  Lake 
eleven  years,  Waupaca  as  supply  nearly  two  years, 
and  at  present  he  is  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Augusta.  lie  was  general  missionary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  for  twelve 
years.  During  the  war  lie  was  at  the  front  in  the 
service  of  the  U.  S.  Christian  Commission,  caring 
for  the  sick,  wounded,  and  dying.  The  ministry 
of  Mr.  Fish  during  his  residence  of  thirty-four 
years  in  the  State  has  been  one  of  great  growth 
with  our  people  and  churches.  Even  when  pastor 
his  labors  and  influence  were  not  limited  to  his 
local  field.  He  always  took  a  deep  intemst  in  the 
progress  and  welfare  of  the  denomination  through 
out  the  State.  His  influence  as  a  herald  of  the 
cross  is  felt  in  all  parts  of  Wisconsin,  and  he  is 
held  in  high  esteem  by  his  brethren  in  the  minis 
try.  He  has  been  a  hard  worker  on  an  unpro 
ductive  soil.  While  general  missionary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  during 
twelve  years  of  service  he  traveled  over  40,000 
miles.  He  has  baptized  400  converts.  At  the  age 
of  sixty-three  he  is  preaching  the  gospel  with  much 
acceptance  and  success. 

Mr.  Fish  has  had  five  children,  only  one  of 
whom,  a  son,  is  living.  Two  highly  gifted  and 


accomplished  daughters  he  buried  after  they  had 
reached  mature  womanhood.  His  wife,  a  woman 
of  fine  mental  and  Christian  culture,  has  been  the 
sharer  of  his  forty  years  of  missionary  labor,  thor 
oughly  in  sympathy  with  him  in  his  self-denying 
labors  and  often  painful  sacrifices. 
Fish,  Hon.  Nathan  Gallup,  son  of  Deacon 

Sands  and  Bridget  (Gallup)  Fish,  was  born  in 
Groton,  Conn.,  Sept.  7.  1804:  had  a  good  educa 
tion  ;  became  a  distinguished  sea-captain  and  ship 
owner;  also  a  merchant  after  leaving  the  sea; 
elected  to  the  State  senate  ;  widely  known  and 
honored  ;  president  of  the  Mystic  River  Bank  ;  a 
deacon  of  the  Third  Baptist  church  in  Groton,  now 
Union  Baptist  church  :  a  man  of  wealth,  but  lost 
heavily  by  the  Confederate  cruisers  during  the 
war;  a  man  of  rare  excellence  and  abilities;  died 
in  Groton.  Aug.  1,  1870.  His  father  was  a  greatly 
esteemed  deacon  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Groton. 

Fisher,  Abiel,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Putney.  Yt., 
•Tune  19.  1787.  He  was  baptized  into  the  fellow 
ship  of  the  church  in  Daville.  A't.,  Dec.  f>,  1S06. 
Having  decided  that  he  ought  to  be  a  minister  of 
the  gospel,  lie  went  through  a  preparatory  course, 
graduating  at  the  Yermont  University  in  the  class 
of  181 1.  He  pursued  his  theological  studies  under 
Rev.  Nathaniel  Kendrick,  then  of  Middlebury,  and 
was  ordained  as  an  evangelist  in  Brandon,  Yt.. 
June  15,  181").  In  January,  1816,  he  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in  Bel- 
lingham,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  twelve  years. 
Frum  Bellingham  he  was  called  to  West  Boylston, 
Mass.,  and  continued  as  pastor  of  the  church  in 
that  place  for  three  years.  After  brief  pastorates 
in  Sturbridge,  Mass.,  and  Pawtuxct,  R.  I.,  he  had 
the  charge  for  several  years  of  the  church  in  Swan 
sea.  Mass.,  the  oldest  Baptist  church  in  the  State. 
His  last  pastorate  was  at  Sutton,  Mass.,  from  which 
place  he  removed  to  West  Boylston,  where  he  died 
in  the  summer  of  1862. 

Dr.  Fisher  received  his  D.D.  from  Yermont 
University,  and  it  was  most  deservedly  bestowed. 
There  was  no  good  cause  in  which  he  did  not  take 
an  interest.  In  connection  with  the  Rev.  Jonathan 
Going,  he  rendered  the  best  service  to  the  Baptist 
cause  in  the  central  sections  of  Massachusetts.  He 
was  a  lover  of  learning,  and  quite  a  number  of 
young  men  enjoyed  the  benefits  of  his  instruction, 
among  whom  were  Rev.  Jonathan  Aldrich  and  Hon. 
Charles  Thurber.  We  may  justly  claim  Dr.  Fisher 
as  having  been  one  of  the  most  useful  ministers  of 
the  denomination  in  the  State  of  Massachusetts. 

Fisher,  Rev.  C.  L.,  was  born  at  Norwich,  Eng 
land,  and  is  now  pastor  at  Santa  Clara.  Cal.  He 
was  baptized  in  1840  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Broad  Street  church,  Utica.  N".  Y..  to  which  place 
the  family  removed  from  England  in  1827.  lie 


FfMfKlt 


396 


FISHKK 


was  educated  at  Clinton,  X.  Y.,  the  scat  of  Ham 
ilton  College.  He  be^an  his  ministry  at  Mon- 
tello.  \Vis..  where  he  was  ordained  in  1S51.  lie 
labored  in  Wisconsin  as  pastor  and  missionary 
about  ten  years,  organizing  chnrehes.  building 
church  edifices,  and  baptizing  many  converts.  In 
1S59  he  moved  t<>  Minnesota,  and  spent  one  year 
with  the  Meonev  Creek  and  Centerville  churches. 
lie  emigrated  to  Oregon  in  I860,  and  was  pastor 
seven  years  at  Salem,  wliere  lie  built  a  house  of 
worship.  In  1S69  he  moved  to  California,  and 
was  pastor  until  IS  7  5  at  Sonora,  Columbia.  Santa 
Clara,  and  Marysville.  and  organized  new  churches 
at  Camptonville.  and  Yuba  City.  In  IS75  he  went 
to  Virginia  Citv.  Nev.,  and  in  1877  was  at  Ueno. 
In  these  two  cities  he  built  houses  of  worship,  and 
organized  a  church  at  Carson  City.  Returning  to 
California,  he  organi/ed  a  church  at  Ilolister,  and 
in  1S7S  settled  again  at  Santa  Clara.  His  life  has 
been  a  busy  one  in  revival  work,  lie  has  bapti/.ed 
about  600  converts,  is  an  earnest  preacher,  and  a 
constant  contributor  t>>  the  religious  papers. 

Fisher,  Rev.  Ezra,  one  of  the  pioneer  Baptist 
missionaries  to  Oregon,  was  born  at  Wendel.  Mass., 
Jan.  6,  1800,  when  Baptists  were  suffering  much 
persecution  in  that  State  by  the  Established  Church. 
In  1818  he  was  converted,  and  became  a  minister 
of  the  gospel.  After  many  struggles  for  an  educa 
tion  he  graduated  from  Newton  Theological  Semi 
nary  in  1829,  was  ordained  Jan.  17.  18:50,  labored 
with  much  success  as  pastor  one  year  at  Cambridge, 
and  two  years  at  Springfield.  Vt..  where  he  baptized 
80  converts.  As  a  missionary  of  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  he  preached  for  thir 
teen  years  at  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Quincy,  111.,  and 
Davenport,  Iowa.  In  1845  he  crossed  the  plains 
with  an  ox-team  for  Oregon,  and  reached  Tualatin 
Plains  in  the  fall,  and  at  once  began  to  preach  to 
the  settlers.  In  1846  he  organized  the  first  Baptist 
church  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  Washing 
ton  Co..  Oregon.  lie  was  full  of  zeal,  and  ready 
to  sacrifice  any  comfort  for  Christ.  lie  had  special 
gifts  for  teaching,  ami  in  1849  took  charge,  of  the 
Baptist  school  at  Oregon  City,  out  of  which  after 
wards  grew  the  college  at  McMinnville.  In  1849 
he  resigned  his  chair  in  the  institute,  and  gave  him 
self  to  pastoral  and  missionary  work  until  Oct.  18, 
1874,  when  he  preached  his  last  sermon  at  the  Dal 
les'  church.  A  sudden  illness  prevented  him  from 
further  labor.  He  was  carried  to  his  home  from 
the  church,  and  Nov.  1,  1874,  he  fell  asleep  in 
Jesus,  and  closed  an  unusually  active  and  success 
ful  life,  whose  fruits  are  abundant  everywhere  in 
Oregon. 

Fisher,  John,  was  born  in  England,  July  23. 
1799  ;  came  to  Philadelphia  in  1817,  and  120  miles 
from  that  city  heard  a  sermon  which  changed  his 
whole  life  ;  settled  in  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  in 


1S2S,  became  convinced  that  believers'  baptism  only 
is  authorized  by  Christ,  was  baptized  in  1S42.  and 
joined  the  Germain  Street  Baptist  church:  was 
soon  appointed  a  deacon,  which  office  he  still  hon 
ors.  As  a  ship-builder  and  ship-owner  Mr.  Fisher 
has  added  greatly  to  the  wealth  of  St.  John,  and 
the  commerce  of  Now  Brunswick. 

Fisher,  Hon.  Stearns,  was  born  near  Dover. 
Windham  Co.,  Vt.,  Nov.  5.  1S04.  His  father  moved 
to  Ohio  in  1S16.  The  son  at  the  age  of  eighteen 
taught  a  school  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  patrons. 
lie  afterwards  began  to  work  on  the  Ohio  Canal, 
and  by  dint  of  assiduous  study  he  was  able  to  step 
from  the  office  of  axeman  to  that  of  engineer.  lion. 
Alfred  Kollv,  who  was  chairman  of  the  Ohio  Board 
of  Public  Works,  finding  him  one  night  after  twelve 
o'clock  studying  algebra,  took  an  especial  interest 
in  him  and  aided  him.  Having  found  employment 
on  theWabash  and  Erie  Canal,  he  moved  to  a  farm 
near  "W abash.  Tnd..  in  1833.  He  was  afterwards 
appointed  general  superintendent  of  the  canal.  lie 
had  control  of  canal  construction  and  land  offices 
in  tin;  State,  and  although  over  one  and  a  half 
million  dollars  passed  through  his  hands,  there  was 
no  charge  nor  thought  of  dishonesty.  In  1846  he 
was  again  appointed  general  superintendent  of  the 
canal.  He  was  for  one  term  a  member  of  the  lower 
house  in  the  Indiana  Legislature.  In  1868  he  was 
elected  to  the  senate  of  the  Indiana  Legislature. 
Here,  as  in  the  house,  his  ability  and  leadership 
were  acknowledged.  He  was  appointed  paymaster 
of  the  Indiana  Legion.  In  the  dark  days  of  the 
war  he  was  a  firm  friend  of  the  Union,  and  greatly 
aided  Gov.  Morton  in  his  patriotic  efforts  in  Indi 
ana.  He  was  converted,  and  joined  the  W  abash 
Baptist  church  in  1853.  and  was  an  earnest,  con 
sistent,  benevolent  Christian.  Almost  his  whole 
life  was  spent  in  public  service,  and  his  integrity 
and  wisdom  were  universally  acknowledged.  He 
died  in  Wabash,  July  20.  1877. 
Fisher,  Rev.  Thomas  Jefferson,  a  strangely 

gifted  orator,  of  German  extraction,  was  born  in 
Mount  Sterling,  Ky.,  April  9,  1812.  At  sixteen 
years  of  age  he  professed  religion  and  joined  the 
Presbyterian  church  at  Paris,  Ky.,  but  soon  after 
wards  becoming  interested  in  the  subject  of  bap 
tism,  he  was  led  to  unite  with  Davids  Fork  Bap 
tist  church,  in  Fayette  County,  where  he  was 
baptized  in  1829.  and  in  a  short  time  licensed  to 
preach.  Having  a  great  thirst  for  knowledge,  he 
attended  school  at  Middletown,  Pa.,  and  afterward 
at  Pittsburgh,  under  the  direction  of  Rev.  S.  Wil 
liams.  In  1833  he  returned  to  Kentucky,  and  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry,  entering  the  pastoral  of 
fice  at  Lawrenceburg.  This  was  soon  abandoned 
for  the  work  of  an  evangelist,  to  which  he  devoted 
most  of  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  made  his 
home  in  Kentucky,  but  traveled  and  held  meetings 


FITZ 


397 


FIVE-MILE  ACT 


in  the  towns  and  cities  of  many  of  the  Southern 
States.  Vast  crowds  thronged  to  hear  him,  and  it 
is  estimated  that  12,000  persons  professed  conver 
sion  under  his  ministry.  Whole  congregations 


REV.   THOMAS    JEFFE.RSO.V    FISHER. 

were  frequently  raised  to  their  feet  by  the  power 
of  his  eloquence.  On  the  evening  of  Jan.  8,  18(56, 
while  walking  along  Eighth  Street,  in  Louisville, 
Ky.,  he  was  struck  on  the  head  with  a  slung-shot, 
from  the  effects  of  which  he  died  three  days  after 
wards.  His  biography  was  written  and  published 
by  J.  II.  Spencer,  D.D. 

Fitz,  Hon.  Eustace  Gary,  was  born  in  Ilaver- 
hill,  Mass.,  Feb.  5,  1833.  When  a  child  his  parents 
removed  to  Boston,  where  they  resided  until  1841, 
and  then  moved  to  Chelsea.  He  was  a  graduate  of 
the  Chelsea  High  School  in  1847.  Soon  after 
leaving  school  he  commenced  mercantile  pursuits, 
in  which  he  has  achieved  a  large  success.  In  1856 
he  took  up  his  residence  in  Cambridge,  Mass., 
where  he  lived  till  1859,  when  he  returned  to 
Chelsea,  when;  he  has  continued  to  reside  until  the 
present  time.  Mr.  Fitz  has  been  called  by  his  fellow- 
citizens  to  fill  various  offices  of  civil  trust.  He  was 
president  of  the  common  council  of  the  city  of  Chel 
sea  two  years,  mayor  of  Chelsea  three  years,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives 
two  years,  and  a  State  senator  two  years.  In  the  cause 
of  Christian  benevolence,  he  has  proved  himself  an 
active  and  liberal  friend.  As  a  member  of  the 
executive  committee  of  the  Missionary  Union,  he 
has  rendered  good  service  to  foreign  missions.  Mr. 
Fitz  is  in  the  prime  of  a  busy  life,  and  if  it  is  spared 


he  will  continue  to  make  his  influence  felt  as  a 
Christian  citizen,  and  a  loyal  member  of  the  de 
nomination  to  which  he  belongs. 

Fitz,  Rev.  H.,  was  born  in  Charlton,  Mass., 
Nov.  22,  1792.  lie  received  his  education  at  Am- 
herst  College,  where  he  graduated  in  the  class  of 
1826.  He  pursued  his  theological  studies  at  New- 
ton,  where  he  graduated  in  1829.  He  was  ordained 
as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Waterville,  Me., 
Oct.  7,  1S29,  from  which  he  removed  to  Hallowell, 
Me.,  and  from  thence  to  Middleborough,  Mass., 
where  he  remained  four  years,  from  1832  to  1836. 
He  was  subsequently  pastor  of  the  churches  in 
Thompson,  Conn.,  Marblehead,  and  Millbury, 
Mass.  For  more  than  thirty  years,  he  was  the 
missionary  agent  of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Con 
vention,  and  came  to  be  known  everywhere  as 
"  Father  Fitz.';  Among  the  feeble  churches  of  the 
State,  he  did  a  work  the  influence  of  which  will 
be  felt  for  a  long  time  to  come.  Mr.  Fitz  died  at 
Middleborough  in  1877. 

Five-Mile  Act,  The,  received  the  king's  ap 
proval  Oct.  31.  1605.  By  its  provisions  no  min 
ister  was  permitted  to  come  within  five  miles  of 
any  city  or  corporation  where  he  had  preached 
after  the  Act  of  Oblivion,  under  very  severe  penal 
ties,  unless  he  should  take  the  following  oath :  "  I, 
A.  B.,  do  solemnly  declare,  that  it  is  not  lawful, 
upon  any  pretence  whatsoever,  to  take  up  arms 
against  the  king ;  and  that  I  do  abhor  the  traitor 
ous  position  of  taking  arms  by  his  authority  against 
his  person,  or  against  those  that  are  commissioned 
by  him,  in  pursuance  of  such  commission.  And  I 
do  swear  that  I  will  not  at  any  time  to  come  en 
deavor  the  alteration  of  the  government,  either  in 
church  or  state.  So  help  me  God.'' 

This  act  overflowed  with  cunning  malice.  The 
Non-Conformists  of  all  sects,  whose  pastors  had 
been  removed  from  them  by  the  Act  of  Uniformity, 
resided  chiefly  in  corporate  towns  and  cities,  and, 
as  a  consequence,  the  execution  of  this  law  would 
drive  the  ministers  from  their  only  friends.  Per 
haps  there  was  not  a  single  Non-Conformist  min 
ister  in  England  but  believed  that  in  some  in 
stances  it  was  righteous  to  resist  a  wicked  king  by 
force  of  arms.  So  that  on  that  ground  alone  he 
could  not  take  the  oath.  And  then  all  Non-Con 
formist  ministers,  as  conscientious  men,  were  bound 
to  seek  alterations  in  the  government  of  a  church  so 
tainted  with  error  that  they  preferred  the  loss  of  all 
their  worldly  goods  to  a  confession  of  its  purity  by 
remaining  in  it.  The  Five-Mile  Act  was  designed 
to  subject  them  to  the  horrors  of  starvation,  by  cut 
ting  them  off  from  their  friends  ;  or  to  the  miseries 
of  a  dungeon  if  they  ventured  among  them,  for  the 
king  and  Parliament  well  knew  that  they  could 
never  take  such  an  oath.  So  that  it  was  intended 
to  destroy  all  Non-Conformist  congregations. 


398 


FLEISCHMANN 


Under  this  dreadful  law,  all  Dissenting  ministers 
snU'ered  the  most  grievous  wrongs;  and  not  a  few 
of  them  felt  the  paries  of  hunger.  Yet  large  num 
bers  of  them  defied  the  aet,  and  were  thrust  into 
foul  prisons  for  their  disobedience.  The  Baptist 
ministers  were  men  of  great  courage,  and  soon  after 
the  enactment  of  this  law  many  of  them  were  in 
the  jails  of  Christian  England,  for  preaching  Jesus 
and  him  crucified. 

Flag,  American  Baptist,  was  established  in 

La  Grange,  Mo.,  Jan.  1,  1ST"),  by  1>.  B.  Ray,  D.D., 
and  removed  to  St.  Louis  in  June,  1STT.  It  aims  to 
supply  a  place  in  religious  journalism,  occupied  by 
mi  other  paper,  in  views  of  the  ordinances  and 
church  constitution,  and  in  bold  antagonism  to 
error  and  latitudinarianism.  The  design  of  the 
editor  is  to  interfere  with  no  other  religious  jour 
nal  of  the  denomination.  It  makes  a  specialty  of 
ecclesiastical  history  and  polemic  theology.  On 
Jan.  T,  1880,  the  name  of  the  Flmj  was  changed 
from  Buttle  Flmj  to  American  Baptist  Fln/j,  and 
the  paper  was  enlarged  from  40  to  48  columns. 
It  has  able  contributors,  but  only  one  proprietor 
and  editor,  Dr.  D.  B.  Ray.  Rev.  D.  B.  Weber  is  the 
able  business  manager  and  a  minister  of  promise. 
The  Fbiij  is  not  sectional,  and  circulates  in  all 
the  States.  It  has  a  family  and  Sunday-school 
department. 

Flagg,  Rev.  Wilkes  (colored),  a  resident  of 
Milledgeville,  Ga.,  died  Xov.  13,  1ST*,  in  the 
seventy-eighth  year  of  his  age,  was  universally 
respected  and  esteemed  by  all  classes  of  the  com 
munity.  The  white  people  had  the  highest  regard 
for  him  as  an  honest  man  and  a  sincere  Christian. 
lie  was  converted,  and  joined  the  Baptist  church  at  j 
Milledgeville  in  1834,  was  made  a  deacon,  and  soon  j 
after  was  licensed  to  preach  to  the  colored  people. 
He  purchased  his  own  freedom  years  before  the 
war,  and,  while  preaching,  followed  the  trade  of  a 
blacksmith,  being  liberally  patronized  by  the  white 
people.  He  learned  to  read,  and  studied  the  Bible 
diligently,  and  became  a  most  useful  and  consistent 
Christian,  remaining  so  unto  the  day  of  his  death, 
bold  and  zealous  as  a  Christian,  yet  meek  and 
humble  as  a  disciple.  After  the  war  he  organ 
ized  the  colored  members  of  the  Milledgeville 
church  into  a  separate  body,  and  was  chosen  their 
pastor,  and  so  continued  until  his  death.  He  was 
a  prime  mover  in  the  organization  of  the  Middle 
Georgia  Baptist  (colored)  Association  in  1866.  of 
which  he  was  annually  elected  moderator,  while  he 
lived.  lie  was  chairman  of  the  Executive  Board, 
and  in  18T3  was  elected  treasurer,  which  office  he 
held  at  death.  He  was  wise  in  counsel,  pure  in 
life,  zealous  in  deed,  and  earnest  and  sincere  in  his 
religion.  "  He  crystallized  the  teachings  of  his  re 
ligion  in  his  moral  being." 
Flanders,  Charles  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Sal- 


isburv,  Mass.,  February,  180T,  and  was  a  graduate 
of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1839.  lie 
studied  theology  with  Rev.  John  Wayland,  D.D., 
at  the  time  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Salem,  Mass.  Dr.  Flanders  was  pastor  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Danvers,  Mass.,  for  almost 
ten  years,  and  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Con 
cord.  X.  II.,  for  sixteen  years.  In  both  these  places 
his  labors  were  eminently  successful.  Waning 
health  and  strength,  after  so  many  years  of  almost 
uninterrupted  ministerial  and  pastoral  labor,  warned 
him  to  resign  the  pastorate  of  so  large  a  church, 
and  the  remainder  of  his  life  was  passed  in  spheres 
of  duty  more  limited  and  making  less  demand 
on  his  powers.  The  churches  of  Kennebunkport, 
Me.,  and  of  Westborough  and  Beverly  Farms, 
MII-S.,  were  blessed  with  the  ripe  fruits  of  his 
Christian  experience  and  knowledge,  and  held  him 
in  high  esteem  for  the  many  excellent  qualities 
which  endeared  him  to  them.  Brown  University 
conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
in  1859.  From  1854  to  his  death  he  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  board  of  trustees.  He  died  in  Beverly, 
Mass.,  Aug.  2,  18T5. 

Fleet,  Col.  Alexander,  the  son  of  Capt.  Win. 
Fleet,  was  born  on  the  26th  of  April,  1T98,  at 
Rural  Felicity,  King  and  Queen  Co.,  Va.  He  re 
ceived  instruction  from  Rev.  R.  B.  Semple,  D.D., 
and  was  graduated  at  William  and  Mary  College. 
In  1831  he  joined  the  Bruington  church,  of  which 
he  remained  a  member  during  his  long  life,  and 
which  he  served  as  deacon  more  than  forty  years. 
lie  was  one  of  the  founders  of  its  Sunday-school, 
and  devoted  his  whole  life  to  its  prosperity,  as 
well  as  organizing  and  assisting  other  schools. 
He  was  an  active  laborer  in  Associations,  fre 
quently  presiding  as  moderator:  was  also  inter 
ested  in  secular  education,  and  after  the  close  of 
the  war  taught  a  small  white  school  at  his  own 
house,  and  subsequently  a  colored  free  school. 
He  published  no  literary  works,  but  many  a 
troubled  heart  was  made  glad  by  the  reception 
of  letters  of  condolence  and  Christian  sympathy 
from  him.  Col.  Fleet  did  good  service  also  as 
magistrate  and  as  representative  in  the  Legisla 
ture  of  his  State.  He  was  twice  married,  first  to 
Mrs.  Hoomes  and  then  to  Mrs.  Martha  A.  Butler. 
His  widow  and  four  children  are  still  living.  This 
excellent  man  died  on  the  2Tth  of  September,  18T7. 
Fleischmann,  Rev.  Conrad  Anton.— The  name 
of  this  indefatigable  and  successful  minister  will 
ever  remain  dear  to  German  Baptists  in  America, 
as  he  was  the  first  German  Baptist  missionary  in 
i  this  country,  and  in  some  sense  the  founder  of  our 
German  Baptist  communities. 

Mr.  Fleischmann  was  born  in  Nuremberg,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Bavaria.  April  IS,  1812.  He  was  early 
instructed  in  the  tenets  of  the  Lutheran  creed, 


FLEISCHMANN 


399 


FLETCHER 


deeming  himself  to  be  a  good  Christian  when  as 
yet  lie  knew  nothing  concerning  regeneration. 
Having  learned  a  trade,  he  left  his  native  city  in 
his  nineteenth  year  to  travel  as  a  journeyman,  ac- 


REV.   CONRAD    AXTOX    FLEISCIIMAXX. 

cording  to  the  custom  then  prevalent  among  me 
chanics.  Reaching  Geneva,  Switzerland,  he  came 
under  the  influence  of  earnest  Christians,  and  soon 
found  peace  in  believing.  This  was  in  1831.  He 
was  subsequently  baptized  in  Basle,  Switzerland. 
After  a  severe  inward  struggle,  Mr.  Fleischmann 
yielded  to  the  divine  call  and  entered  a  theological 
school  at  Berne,  Switzerland,  then  under  the  au 
spices  of  the  Free  Evangelical  Church,  an  independ 
ent  body  to  which  Mr.  Fleischmann  at  that  time 
belonged.  Three  years  later  Mr.  Fleischmann  en 
tered  upon  his  labors  in  Emmenthal,  canton  of 
Berne.  He  labored  amidst  severe  persecution,  but 
with  abundant  blessing. 

In  1837,  Mr.  Fleischmann  revisited  his  native 
land,  and  in  the  following  year,  at  the  invitation 
of  the  well-known  George  Mueller,  he  came  to 
Bristol,  England,  as  his  return  to  Switzerland  had 
been  providentially  hindered.  After  remaining  for 
some  time  under  the  hospitable  roof  of  Mr.  Muel 
ler,  in  1839  he  left  Bristol  for  the  New  World  for 
the  purpose  of  preaching  the  gospel  to  his  country 
men  in  America,  whose  spiritual  destitution  touched 
his  heart.  He  labored  at  first  in  New  York,  after 
wards  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  where  the  first  German 
converts  were  baptized  by  him.  From  Newark  he 
removed  to  Reading,  Pa.  Then  he  preached  in 
Lycoming  Co.,  Pa.,  where  his  labors  were  abun 


dantly  blessed.  The  spirit  of  God  moved  the  whole 
region  and  many  were  converted  and  baptized. 

In  1842,  Mr.  Fleischmann  removed  to  Philadel 
phia,  where  a  church  was  soon  formed,  which  en 
tered  into  fellowship  with  the  Philadelphia  Asso 
ciation  in  1848.  Although  Mr.  Fleischmann  labored 
principally  as  pastor  of  this  church,  yet  he  contin 
ually  made  extensive  missionary  tours  in  to  different 
States.  In  1852  the  first  Conference  of  German 
Baptists  was  held,  and  Mr.  Fleischmann  was  ap 
pointed  editor  of  the  monthly  paper.  When  in 
1865  it  became  a  weekly  paper,  be  became  asso 
ciate  editor.  He  presided  at  the  first  meeting  of 
the  General  Conference  in  18(>5.  He  was  inti 
mately  identified  with  all  the  interests  of  the  Ger 
man  cause  in  this  land,  and  his  efforts  and  advice 
seemed  indispensable.  When  he  was  suddenly 
removed  by  death,  Oct.  15.  1867,  his  departure 
spread  intense  gloom  over  the  churches.  All  felt 
that  a  pillar  in  the  denomination  had  been  removed. 

Mr.  Fleischmann  was  a  man  of  talent;  he  was 
winning,  affectionate,  and  eloquent  in  hisdiscourses, 
and  indefatigable  in  his  labors:  just  such  a  man  as 
was  needed  to  lay  foundations  for  the  German  Bap 
tist  churches  of  America.  His  memory  will  ever 
reTnain  precious  to  them,  and  to  large  numbers  of 
American  Baptists  who  appreciated  his  worth  and 
honored  him  for  his  work. 

Fletcher,  Hon.  Asaph,  was  born  at  "Wcstford, 
Mass.,  June  28,  174f>.  Ho  was  the  subject  of  very 
marked  religious  impressions  when  he  was  but  ten 
years  of  age,  and  became  a  hopeful  Christian  when 
he  was  sixteen.  His  parents  were  Congregation- 
alists,  and  he  was  sprinkled  in  his  infancy.  When 
he  was  old  enough  to  make  personal  investigation 
of  the  subject,  he  adopted  the  sentiments  of  the 
Baptists,  and  was  immersed  at  Leicester,  Mass., 
May  15,  17G8,  being  then  not  far  from  twenty-two 
years  of  age.  For  more  than  seventy  years  he  was 
an  active  and  intelligent  member  of  churches  in 
the  towns  where  he  had  his  residence.  His  fellow- 
citizens  elected  him  to  many  positions  of  honor  and 
trust.  While  living  in  his  native  place  he  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  convention  which  formed 
the  constitution  of  Massachusetts  in  1780.  He 
used  his  utmost  endeavor  while  thus  acting  to  in 
troduce  intf)  that  instrument  the  Baptist  principle 
that  public  worship  ought  to  be  sustained  by  vol 
untary  contribution  and  not  by  taxation.  Al 
though  he  did  not  succeed  in  effecting  his  object, 
he  tried  to  see  it  brought  about  at  a  subsequent 
period.  In  the  month  of  February,  1787,  Dr. 
Fletcher  removed  to  Cavendish,  Vt.,  where  he  con 
tinued  to  reside  during  the  remainder  of  his  life. 
Here,  also,  ho  became  a  man  of  note.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Vermont  convention  which  applied 
to  Congress  for  admission  into  the  Union.  Shortly 
after  he  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which  re- 


FLETCirKH 


400 


vised  tlie  constitution  of  the  State.  Here,  as  in  the 
Massachusetts  convention,  lie  ably  vindicated  his 
Baptist  sentiments  on  religious  liberty.  The  citi- 
y.ens  of  Cavendish  frequently  elected  him  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Legislature.  For  several  years  he  was 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  County  Court  and  a  mem 
ber  of  the  governor's  council.  He  was  also  one  of 
the  Presidential  electors  when  James  Monroe  was 
chosen  President  of  the  United  States.  He  held 
also  many  other  civil  offices,  his  election  to  which 
indicated  the  esteem  in  which  he  was  held  by  his 
fello\v-cit.i/ens.  He  died  at  the  advanced  age  of 
ninety-two  years.  -Jan.  .">.  1*39.  Among  the  Bap 
tists  of  his  adopted  State  he  held  a  high  position, 
as  one  who  was  thoroughly  loyal  to  his  denom 
ination. 

Fletcher,  Horace,  D.D.,  was  the  son  of  Hon. 

Asaph  Fletcher,  and  a  brother  of  the  late  Judge 
Richard  Fletcher,  of  Boston.  He  was  born  in 
Cavendish,  Vt..  Oct.  28,  17%.  In  1S13  he  became 
a  member  of  Vermont  University  at  Burlington, 
and  remained  there  until  the  college  buildings  were 
surrendered  to  the  army.  He  entered  Dartmouth 
College  in  the  spring  of  IS  If),  joining  the  Sopho 
more  class,  and  graduated  in  1817.  For  a  time  he 
was  principal  of  the  Franklin  County  Academy  at 
New  Salem,  N.  II. .and  then  commenced  the  study 
of  law  at  Westminster,  Vt.  Being  admitted  to  the 
bar,  he  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
his  native  place,  and  continued  in  it  for  fifteen 
years.  During  this  period  he  became  a  hopeful 
Christian,  and  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Baptist  church  of  Cavendish.  He  now  felt  it 
to  be  his  duty  to  preach,  and  giving  what  attention 
he  could  to  the  study  of  theology,  he  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Townshend,  Vt., 
where  he  remained  until  his  death.  His  work  as  a 
minister  was  greatly  blessed,  and  precious  revivals 
were  experienced  during  his  long  pastorate.  He 
was  a  public-spirited  citizen  as  well  as  a  good  min 
ister  of  Jesus  Christ.  For  some  time  he  was  a  sen 
ator  in  the  Legislature  of  Vermont.  The  honorary 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Madison  University  in  I860.  Dr.  Fletcher 
died  Nov.  27,  1871. 

Fletcher,  Eev.  John,  was  born  July  9.  1832: 
was  baptized  by  Rev.  J.  Inglis  in  February,  1851  ; 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Ce- 
resco,  Mich.,  March,  1859.  Subsequently  he  served 
the  churches  in  Sturgis  and  Kdwardsburg ;  was 
chaplain  of  the  9th  Regiment  of  Michigan  Volun 
teer  Cavalry  one  year,  ending  with  August,  1865; 
accompanied  his  regiment  in  Sherman's  marches 
of  that  winter.  Soon  after  leaving  the  army  he 
became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Plainwell,  and  re 
mains  yet  in  that  relation.  In  1876  he  had  leave 
of  absence  for  a  few  months,  and  meanwhile  sup 
plied  the  pulpit  of  the  E  Street  church  in  Wash 


ington,  I).  C.  That  church  called  him  to  its  pas 
torate,  and  he  was  inclined  to  accept  the  call.  But 
the  unanimous  and  earnest  wish  of  the  church  in 
Plainwell,  and  a  written  petition  signed  by  a  large 
proportion  of  the  citizens,  and  the  action  of  a  public 
meeting  called  to  remonstrate  against  his  leaving, 
changed  his  plans. 

Mr.  Fletcher,  during  the  fifteen  years  of  his  pas 
torate  in  Plainwell.  has  performed  an  almost  in 
credible  amount  of  pastoral  work,  constantly  main 
taining  several  preaching  stations  besides  filling 
his  own  pulpit.  He  is  the  only  pastor  the  church 
has  had,  and  he  has  seen  it  grow  to  one  of  the 
largest  in  the  State.  lie  is  a  true  bishop  after  the 
apostolic  model. 

Fletcher,  Joshua,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Kings- 
bury,  Washington  Co.,  X.  Y.,  April  27,  1804; 
graduated  at  Hamilton  in  1829;  was  ordained  at 
Saratoga  Springs  the  same  year,  where  he  con 
tinued  pastor  for  nineteen  years  ;  has  been  pastor 
in  Amenia  and  Cambridge,  N.  Y.,  in  Southington, 
Conn.,  and  he  is  now  pastor  of  Wallingford,  Vt. 
In  1866  Madison  University  conferred  upon  him 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Fletcher,  Judge  Richard,  was  born  in  Caven 
dish,  Vt..  Jan.  8,  1788.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he 
entered  Dartmouth  College,  where  he  graduated  in 
1806.  He  studied  law  with  Daniel  Webster,  and  in 
1S09  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  commenced  the 
practice  of  his  profession  in  Salisbury,  N.  II.,  but 
like  his  celebrated  teacher,  he  aspired  after  a  wider 
sphere  within  which  to  exercise  his  vocation,  and 
concluded  to  remove  to  Boston  and  try  his  fortunes 
there.  Like  so  many  others  of  his  profession,  he 
entered  the  arena  of  politics.  He  represented  a 
section  of  his  adopted  home  in  the  State  Legisla 
ture.  Then  was  chosen  a  representative  to  Con 
gress.  For  many  years  he  was  a  judge  of  the  Mas 
sachusetts  Supreme  Court,  and  is  best  known  in 
that  State  as  "Judge"'  Fletcher.  But  his  highest 
glory  was  that  he  was  an  earnest  disciple  of  the 
Lord  Jesus  Christ.  lie  was  for  many  years  a 
member  of  what  was  the  Rowe  Street  church,  and 
enjoyed  the  confidence  and  affection  of  his  pastor, 
Rev.  Dr.  Stow. 

After  his  decease,  which  occurred  June  21,  1869, 
it  was  found  that  he  had  remembered  with  great 
cenerosity  the  college  where  he  received  his  early 
education,  having  bequeathed  to  it  the  munificent 
sum  of  Si 00.000. 

Flippo,  Rev.  Oscar  Farish,  was  born  at  Leb 
anon.  Lancaster  Co.,  Va..  Jan.  1,  1836,  and  educated 
at  Kilmarnock  Academy.  He  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1857,  and  was  ordained  in  Salisbury, 
Md.,  in  1858,  where  he  served  as  pastor  nearly  two 
years.  From  1861  to  1868  he  was  pastor  of  the 
Newtown,  Pitt's  Creek,  Rehoboth,  and  Chinooteague 
churches,  and  during  that  time  baptized  about  200 


FLOOD 


401 


FLORIDA 


persons.  From  March,  1868,  to  September,  1870,  he 
was  pastor  of  the  church  in  Dover,  Del.  During  the 
following  four  years  he  served  as  general  evangelist 
for  the  whole  State  of  Delaware,  and  was  remark 
ably  successful  in  the  work.  The  Wyoming  Insti 
tute,  at  Wyoming,  Del.,  passed  into  the  hands  of 
the  Baptists  mainly  through  his  instrumentality. 
Mr.  Flippo  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  the  entire  Zion 
Methodist  church,  near  Harrington,  Del.,  change 
their  views  and  adopt  the  principles  of  the  Baptists, 
and  he  baptized  every  member  of  the  church,  includ 
ing  the  pastor.  During  his  pastorate  in  Dover  he 
was  elected  chaplain  of  the  Legislature  of  Delaware, 
in  the  winter  of  1869.  The  failing  health  of  Mrs. 
Flippo  made  it  necessary  that  he  should  abandon  his 
work  as  an  evangelist,  in  which  he  had  accomplished 
so  much  good,  and  he  accordingly  accepted  the 
pastorate  of  the  Waverly  Baptist  church,  Baltimore, 
which  he  held  for  five  years.  In  1866  he  started 
the  Hajrfist  Visitor,  a  monthly  paper,  which  he  con 
tinued  to  edit  and  publish  for  twelve  years.  In 
1877  he  returned  to  Virginia,  and  soon  afterwards 
became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Suffolk,  in 
that  State.  While  in  Baltimore  he  was  elected 
moderator  of  the  Maryland  Union  Baptist  Asso 
ciation,  in  1877.  He  has  been  quite  successful  as 
a  public  lecturer,  and  several  of  his  addresses  have 
been  received  with  marked  favor. 

Flood,  Judge  Joseph,  was  born  in  Shelby  Co., 
Ky.  lie  removed  to  Callaway  Co.,  Mo.,  in  1846,  and 
settled  near  Fulton,  where  he  lived  for  twenty  years. 
In  1828  he  removed  to  Clay  County,  and  spent  the  re 
mainder  of  his  life  in  and  near  Kearney.  He  united 
early  in  life  with  the  church  in  Christiansburg, 
Ky.,  and  adorned  his  profession  till  the  day  of  his 
death.  He  was  connected  with  Westminster  Col 
lege,  in  1866,  as  principal  of  the  preparatory  de 
partment,  and  held  a  like  position  in  Stephens  Col 
lege,  Columbia,  in  1867.  Few  men  surpassed  him 
in  zeal  for  Sunday-schools.  lie  was  superintendent 
at  Richland,  in  Callaway  County,  for  years,  and  also 
deacon  in  the  church  for  a  long  time,  and  "  used  the 
office  well.'' 

At  Kearney  he  was  superintendent  of  the  Sun 
day-school,  and  forty  in  it  were  converted  just  be 
fore  his  death.  Joseph  Flood  was  a  man  of  sterling 
worth  and  unblemished  reputation.  He  died  Nov. 
14,  1878,  sixty-five  years  of  age.  His  memory  is 
fragrant  wherever  he  was  known. 

Flood,  Rev.  Noah,  was  born  in  Shelby  Co., 
Ky.,  June  14,  180'J.  lie  had  marked  talent  from 
a  child.  He  resisted  his  first  religious  impressions, 
and  thought  that  God  was  harsh.  Ho  was  converted 
in  1824.  In  1828  he  united  with  the  Baptist  church 
at  Christiansburg,  Shelby  Co.,  Ky.  In  1829  he 
came  to  Missouri.  He  attended  Dr.  Nelson's  school 
in  Marion  Co..  Mo.  He  was  licensed  in  1832  by 
Little  Union  church,  near  Palmyra,  Mo.  He  spent 


1834  and  1835  in  Shurtleff  College,  111.  After 
this  he  taught  in  Woodford  Co.,  Ky.  He  was  or 
dained  in  183S.  In  1839  he  settled  in  Callaway 
Co.,  Mo.  He  organized  Richland,  Grand  Prairie, 
Unity,  Union  Hill,  Mount  Horeb.  and  Dry  Fork 
churches.  In  18.~>2  he  removed  to  Fayette  County. 
For  six  years  he  preached  to  Fayette,  Walnut 
Grove,  Mount  /ion,  and  Chariton  churches.  In 
1858  he  removed  to  Hunt-grille,  and  labored  there 
till  1863,  and  then  removed  to  Roanokc.  The  war 
gave  him  trouble,  but  all  parties  respected  him  and 
became  his  friends  before  his  death.  In  1865 
Brother  Flood  moved  to  Boone  County,  and  died  at 
Columbia,  Aug.  11,  1873.  The  ministry  of  Mis 
souri  greatly  honored  him.  Twice  he  was  moder 
ator  of  the  General  Association.  lie  was  a  warm 
friend  of  William  Jewell  College.  Rev.  J.  F. 
Cook,  LL.D.,  his  nephew,  acknowledges  his  fatherly 
kindness  to  him.  Noah  Flood  died  in  the  enjoy 
ment  of  perfect  peace.  Dr.  S.  II.  Ford.  Nathan 
Ayres,  and  his  brother,  Judge  Flood,  with  his  fam 
ily,  were  present  at  his  death. 

Florida  Baptist  College.— The  Baptists  never 
made  an  effort  to  establish  a  denominational  col 
lege,  literary  or  theological,  till  very  recently. 
Some  six  or  eight  years  ago  the  Bethlehem  Baptist 
Association,  which  possesses  in  the  main  the  tal 
ents  and  numbers  of  the  colored  Baptists  of  the 
State,  commenced  to  raise  funds  to  found  a  theo 
logical  school.  They  continued  to  contribute  an 
nually  small  sums,  and  purchased  a  lot  at  Live 
Oak  for  a  site,  but  they  hare  not  vet  been  able  to 
secure  buildings.  The  Home  Mission  Society  of 
New  York  have  adopted  the  enterprise,  and  will 
commence  to  build  in  the  fall  of  1880.  This  is  the 
first  and  only  effort  made  by  the  denomination  to 
secure  a  college  in  Florida. 

Florida  Baptist  State  Convention.— The  Con 
vention  was  organized  in  1X54.  in  the  parlor  of 
Rev.  II.  J.  Mays,  Madison  County.  Rev.  David  G. 
Daniel  was  the  first  secretary,  but  the  writer  is  not 
able  to  give  the  name  of  the  first  president.  Only 
a  rery  meagre  account  of  the  Convention  can  be 
furnished. 

The  session  for  1856  was  held  at  Madison  Court- 
House,  in  November.  The  attendance  was  not 
large.  James  Edmunds,  of  Kentucky,  secretary 
of  the  Bible  Ilevision  Association,  Rev.  W.  N. 
Chaudoin,  agent  of  the  "Bible  Board"  of  Southern 
Baptist  Convention,  and  Rev.  T.  J.  Bowen.  re 
turned  missionary  of  the  Southern  Convention  from 
Central  Africa,  were  visitors. 

It  is  not  known  where  the  meetings  were  held  in 
1857,  1858,  and  1859,  but  in  I860  a  session  was  held 
in  Jacksonville,  with  the  Bethel  Baptist  church,  iiv 
May.  Joseph  S.  Baker,  D.D.,  was  then  residing  at 
Jacksonville,  and  his  presence  added  interest  to  the 
meeting. 


FLORIDA 


FLORIDA 


Of  the  next  ten  years  no  information  can  be 
given  of  tho  meetings,  nor  is  it  known  whether 
there  were  meetings  held  every  year. 

A  session  was  held  in  ISG'J,  of  which  Rev.  P.  P. 
Bishop  was  elected  president,  .and  he  was  re-elected 
at  Madison,  in  November,  1S71,  and  Rev.  II.  B, 
McCallum  was  chosen  secretary.  From  the  min 
utes  of  that  year  it  appears  that  at  the  previous 
meeting  it  was  agreed  to  co-operate  with  the  Home 
Mission  Society  of  New  York  in  missionary  work, 
and  under  that  arrangement  F.  C.  Johnson  labored 
at.  Jacksonville,  Charles  15.  Jones  at  Palatka  and 
vicinity.  W.  E.  Stanton  on  the  St.  John's  River, 
P.  P.  Bishop  as  general  missionary,  and  II.  B. 
McCallum  at  Lake  City  and  vicinity. 

The  session  was  not  largely  attended,  but  was 
quite  interesting,  and  the  presence  of  such  men  as 
Bishop,  McCallum,  Smith,  Tomkies,  and  C.  ]). 
Campbell  made  it  strong.  A  report  was  made  on 
ministerial  education,  and  SG3.50  raised  to  aid 
Brother  Perry,  who  was  in  the  theological  semi- 
narv  at  Greenville,  S.  C.,  from  Marion  Co..  Fla. 

In  1872  the  session  was"  held  at  Lake  City,  in 
November.  There  was  no  report  of  missionary 
work,  but  the  presence  of  W.  N.  Chaudoin  was 
noted,  in  the  capacity  of  district  secretary  of  Home 
Mission  Board  of  Southern  Convention,  and  the 
desirableness  of  having  a  general  ecuiujclixt  was 
discussed,  and  Elder  McCallum  was  requested  to 
commence  the  publication  of  a  Baptist  paper. 

November,  1873,  the  body  met  at  Providence 
church,  Bradford  Co.  Warren  Randolph,  D.D., 
of  Philadelphia,  and  L.  B.  Fish,  of  Georgia,  both 
in  the  interest  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication 
Society,  were  present. 

Probably  a  couple  of  years  before  this  time  the 
churches  in  several  counties  on  the  line  of  Georgia 
and  Florida,  in  Georgia,  but  hitherto  identified 
with  Florida,  organized  an  Association  in  Georgia, 
and  it  allied  itself  with  the  Georgia  Convention. 
This  materially  weakened  the  Florida  Convention, 
yet  the  meeting  at  Providence  was  well  attended, 
and  was  one  of  more  than  usual  interest.  Elder 
Kinsey  Chambers  made  a  report  as  State  evangelist. 

The  next  meeting  was  held  at  Jacksonville,  in 
February,  1875,  Rev.  J.  II.  Tomkies,  President, 
and  Rev.  II.  B.  McCallum,  Secretary.  Elders 
Chaudoin,  Fish,  Gaulden,  and  Cawood  were  present 
from  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention.  In  February, 
1876,  the  meeting  was  held  at  Gainesville,  at  which 
time  it  was  deemed  best  to  change  the  time,  and 
they  adjourned  to  meet  in  December  of  the  same 
year  at  Madison.  In  consequence  of  excessive 
rain  the  meeting  in  December  was  almost  .a  failure, 
no  business  was  transacted,  and  they  adjourned  to 
convene  at  the  call  of  the  Executive  Committee, 
which  was  to  meet  at  Tallahassee  in  January, 
1879.  That  meeting  was  followed  by  another,  at 


the  same  place,  in  January,  1880,  which  was  the 

most   important  one   held   for   several  years.  Dr. 

Graves,  of  Tennessee,  added  much  interest  to  the 
meeting  by  his  presence. 

Florida  Periodicals.— In   I860,  Rev.  N.    A. 

Bailey,  then  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Mon- 
ticello,  Fla.,  and  W.  X.  Chaudoin,  then  at  Thomas- 
ville.  Ga.,  issued  a  prospectus  of  a  Baptist  paper 
for  Florida,  but  its  publication  was  never  com 
menced.  In  1872.  the  Santa  Fe  River  Association 
passed  resolutions  favoring  a  new  paper,  and  their 
action  was  indorsed  by  the  Florida  Association. 
At  the  State  Convention  in  Lake  City,  in  Novem 
ber,  the  Committee  on  Publications  also  reported 
favorably,  and  a  subscription  was  made  to  aid  the 
enterprise.  In  February  following  the  first  number 
of  the  Florida  Baptist  vtus  issued  at  Lake  City. 
Rev.  II.  B.  McCallum,  Editor,  with  Elders  T.  K. 
Langley  and  J.  II.  Tomkies.  Corresponding  Editors. 
The  paper  was  published  till  1875,  but  was  never 
remunerative.  During  that  year,  or  early  in  1*76. 
it  was  discontinued,  and  the  subscription-list  and 
good-will  of  the  paper  were  transferred  to  the 
Christian  Index,  of  Atlanta.  Ga.,  and  an  arrange 
ment  made  for  a  Florida  department  in  that  paper. 
The  arrangement  has  been  very  generally  approved, 
and  the  Christian  Index  has  a  considerable  circula 
tion.  W.  N.  Chaudoin,  Jacksonville,  is  Florida 
editor. 

Florida,  Sketch  of  the    Baptists  of.— The 

Florida  Association  was  the  first  organized  in  the 
State,  and  the  only  one  for  four  years  after  its 
formation.  It  has  held  its  thirty-seventh  annual 
session,  and  so  was  organized  in  1841  or  1842. 
The  territory  covered  by  its  churches  is  not  known, 
but  they  were  mostly  in  Leon.  Jefferson,  and  Madi 
son  Counties  in  Florida,  and  Thomas  Co.,  Ga. 

Alachua  was  probably  the  next,  and  was  organ 
ized  in  1845  or  1846.  and  its  churches  were  em 
braced  in  a  territory  reaching  from  the  St.  Mary's 
River  to  Tampa,  on  the  Gulf  coast. 

The  Santa  Fe  River  Association  was  taken  from 
the  northern  part  of  the  Alachua.  in  1854  or  1855, 
and  its  churches  were  located  in  Duval.  Clay,  Nas 
sau,  Columbia,  Bradford.  Alachua.  Levy,  and  per 
haps  other  counties. 

West  Florida  Association,  lying  west  of  the 
Chattahoochee  River,  and  occupying  all  that  part 
of  the  State,  was  doubtless  organized  as  early  as 
the  Santa  F6  River,  and  may  be  earlier,  but  the 
date  cannot  be  given. 

Ten  years  elapsed  before  the  organization  of  the 
South  Florida,  which  was  the  next,  and  covers  all 
the  southern  part  of  the  territory  of  Alachua,  viz., 
a  part  of  Ilernando  and  all  of  Ilillsborough  and 
Polk  Counties.  This  was  in  1866. 

Suwanee  and  New  River  Associations  were  both 
made  out  of  what  the  Santa  Fe  River  included. 


FLOYD 


403 


FOXT 


mainly,  in  1872.     The  year  following,  1873,  the  St. 
John's  River  was  organized. 

Since  that  time  Manatee,  North  St.  John's  River, 
Middle  Florida,  and  Harmony  Associations  have 
been  formed,  and  prior  to  these,  but  in  what 
year  is  not  known,  the  Wekiva  Association  was  or 
ganized,  and  it  includes  most  of  the  churches  in 
Orange,  and  some  in  A'olusia  County.  There  is 
probably  a  small  Association  in  Sumter  County, 
but  nothing  is  known  by  the  writer  of  its  condition, 
name,  or  numbers. 

We  are  not  able  to  give  the  number  of  the 
Associations  of  colored  Baptists.  Their  principal 
strength  is  in  the  First  Bethlehem,  which  has  held 
its  eleventh  anniversary.  The  Bethlehem,  No.  2, 
Jerusalem,  Nazarene,  and  East  Florida  have  all 
been  organized  since  1865.  Others  have  recently 
been  formed,  but  names  are  not  known. 

It  is  safe  to  say  that  there  are  more  than  2(>.0i)0 
Baptists  in  Florida,  somewhat  more  than  half  of 
whom  are  colored,  in  about  300 churches,  and  under 
the  care  of  about  '200  ministers. 

Floyd,  Rev.  Matthew,  was  the  son  of  Abra 
ham  Floyd,  a  native  of  Ireland,  who  with  his  father, 
Col.  Matthew  Floyd,  came  to  America  during  the 
Revolutionary  war;  both  entered  the  service  of  the 
colonies.  At  the  close  of  the  war  Capt.  Floyd 
settled  in  South  Carolina,  where  his  son  Matthew 
•was  born.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  Madison 
Co.,  Ky.,  in  1796.  Here  he  joined  the  Methodists. 
But  soon  afterwards,  having  studied  the  subject 
of  baptism,  he  was  immersed,  and  joined  the  Bap 
tists.  This  action  greatly  incensed  his  father,  who 
was  an  Episcopalian,  and  young  Floyd  was  ex 
pelled  from  his  home.  He  was  liccn>»ed  to  preach 
in  1X11,  and  ordained  the  same  vear.  He  was 
pastor  of  White  Oak  church  fiftv-«ne  years.  He 
preached  much  among  the  destitute  in  his  own  and 
the  surrounding  counties,  and  is  supposed  to  have 
baptized  about  1500  persons.  He  was  moderator 
of  South  Concord.  Association  sixteen  years,  and  of 
the  South  Cumberland  twenty-one  years.  His  life 
from  the  date  of  his  ordination  until  his  death, 
Aug.  19,  1863,  was  spent  in  Pulaski  Co.,  Ky. 

Foley,  Rev.  Moses,  son  of  Rev.  Moses  Foley, 
an  eminently  useful  preacher,  was  born  in  Wash 
ington  Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  7,  1777.  He  professed  con 
version  about  1801,  and  began  to  exhort  before  he 
was  baptized.  His  usefulness  was  so  apparent  that 
he  was  ordained  only  a  few  months  after  his  bap 
tism.  He  labored  about  eight  years  in  his  native 
county,  and  in  1811  removed  to  Kentucky.  lie 
first  settled  in  Pulaski  County,  but  the  next  year 
took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Crab  Orchard, 
in  Lincoln  County,  where  he  resided  until  his  death. 
Under  his  ministry  this  church  grew  to  a  member 
ship  of  over  400.  He  preached  with  success  to 
several  other  churches.  He  died  Nov.  6,  1858. 


Foljambe,  Rev.  S.  W.,  was  born  in  Leeds,  Eng 
land,  Oct.  14,  1827.  His  early  associations  were 
with  the  Methodists,  his  grandfather  having  for 
many  years  been  a  Methodist  preacher.  He  re- 


REV.   S.    W.    FOUAMBE. 

ceived  a  liberal  education.  He  came  to  this  country 
in  1836,  and  for  several  years  resided  in  Franklin, 
0.  His  early  preaching  was  among  the  Meth 
odists.  While  meeting  an  engagement  in  the  AVes- 
leyan  church  in  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  he  became  a  Bap 
tist,  and  was  installed  as  pastor  of  the  Branch 
Street  church  in  that  city,  remaining  there  until 
he  removed  to  a  village  some  fifteen  miles  north  of 
Pittsburgh.  His  next  settlement  was  with  the  Grant 
Street  church  in  Pittsburgh.  From  it  he  went  to 
Dayton,  0.,  where  he  remained  six  years,  then  to 
Framingham  and  East  Boston,  Mass.  From  East 
Boston  he  accepted  a  call  to  Albany,  where  he 
remained  but  a  short  time,  and  then  became  pastor 
of  the  Harvard  Street  church  in  Boston,  from 
which  place  he  removed  to  Maiden,  Mass.,  where 
he  now  resides.  Mr.  Foljambe  is  an  able  preacher, 
whom  the  Saviour  has  honored  and  blessed. 

Font,  the  name  universally  given  to  the  vessel 
containing  the  water  used  in  baptism  in  Episcopal 
and  Catholic  churches.  It  is  the  Latin  Jons,  a 
spring,  a  fountain.  It  was  employed  first  in  early 
Christian  times,  when  a  well  or  spring  was  the 
common  place  for  baptizing.  Sometimes  in  primi 
tive  ages  the  baptistery  was  a  bathing  vessel,  and 
the  pool  was  called  lavacrum,  a  bath.  Baptism  was 
administered  in  rivers  and  in  the  sea;  but  the 
bathing  vessel  and  the  spring  were  more  accessible. 


FOXTAIXE 


FORD 


And,  as  the  spring  could  bo  found  almost  every 
where,  in  process  of  time  its  name, /cms,  became 
the  name  of  anything  in  which  a  person  received 
baptism,  whether  it  was  the  sea,  a  river,  a  tub,  a 
spring,  or  a  church  basin.  It  is  somewhat  of  a 
misnomer  to  call  the  small  sprinkling  vessel  of  a 
Pedobaptist  church  a  font,  a  sprimj  ;  but  we  ad 
mire  the  name;  there  is  strong  testimony  in  it 
about  the  primitive  mode  of  baptism. 

Fontaine,  Rev.  P.  H.,  was  born  in  King  Wil 
liam  Co.,  Va.,  Sept.  7,  1841  ;  was  educated  at  Kum- 
ford  Military  Academy  and  the  University  of  Vir 
ginia  :  was  baptized  in  1854;  ordained  in  1S03; 
moved  to  North  Carolina  in  ISO"),  and  he  is  now 
pastor  of  lleidsville  and  Leaksville  churches.  A 
descendant,  on  the  part  of  father  and  mother,  of 
Patrick  Henry,  after  whom  he  is  named. 

Fontaine,  Rev.  Win.  Spotswood,  was  born  in 

Hanover  Co.,  Va.,  in  1811;  studied  medicine  for 
two  years,  and  afterwards  obtained  license  to  prac 
tise  law;  married  his  cousin,  Miss  L.  L.  Aylett,  a 
granddaughter  of  Patrick  Henry,  he  himself  being 
a  descendant  of  the  Virginia  orator;  joined  the 
Methodist  Church  at  the  age  of  thirteen  ;  was  bap 
tized  in  1842  by  llev.  J.  P.  Turpin  ;  was  ordained 
in  1844,  R.  II.  Bagby,  J.  P.  Turpin,  and  a  Mr. 
Bland  forming  the  Presbytery.  He  was  a  country 
gentleman  of  very  handsome  estate,  his  residence 
costing  $15,000,  and  his  barn  S5000.  His  library 
consisted  of  5000  volumes.  Ruined  by  the  war 
financially,  he  came  to  Greensborough,  N.  C.,  in 
1863,  but  returned  to  Virginia  in  1SOO  to  become 
president  of  Atlantic  Female  College;  came  back 
to  North  Carolina  in  1867  ;  went  to  Texas  in  1872  ; 
returned  after  four  years,  and  now  resides  in  lleids 
ville,  engaged  in  preaching  and  planting. 

Foote,  Rev.  Elias  J.,  was  born  June  22,  1824, 
in  Olean,  N.  Y. ;  graduated  from  Union  College  in 
1849 ;  studied  law  ;  was  seven  years  in  California 
and  Central  America:  graduated  from  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary  in  1800;  was  ordained  in  St. 
Louis  in  1801.  lie  afterwards  labored  in  prisons 
and  hospitals.  After  short  settlements  in  Syracuse 
and  Penfield,  N.  Y.,  he  came  to  the  church  at  Red 
Bank,  N.  J.,  in  1871.  Upon  the  death  of  Rev.  D. 
B.  Stout,  in  1875,  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  old  church  in  Middletown,  and  now  feeds  that 
ilock. 

Forbes,  Rev.  W.  A.,  pastor  of  the  Eighth  Street 
Baptist  church.  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  was  born  in 
Mississippi  in  1844,  but,  deprived  of  his  parents  at 
an  early  age,  he  was  reared  by  a  maternal  uncle  at 
Lewisville,  Ark.  He  served  in  the  Confederate 
army  as  a  private,  after  which  he  was  employed  in 
Tennessee,  where  he  was  converted  and  began  to 
preach.  He  then  entered  Bethel  College,  Ky., 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1871,  after  which  he 
returned  to  Arkansas  and  became  pastor  at  Wash 


ington,  and  subsequently  at  Arkadelphia,  where  he 
continued,  with  the  exception  of  one  year  in  Ken 
tucky,  until  1S78,  when  he  was  called  to  his  pres 
ent  pastorate.  For  some  years  he  has  been  con 
nected  with  the  State  Mission  Board,  and  is  an 
active  promoter  of  missions  and  ministerial  educa 
tion. 

Force,  William  Q,.,  was  born   in  Washington, 
I).  C.,  March   7,  1820.     lie  was   graduated    at  the 
Columbian  College  in  1839,  and  received  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts  in   1842.     On   the  23d  of  June, 
is:;1,),    ho   was  bapti/.cd   by   the   Rev.  0.  B.  Brown 
into   the    fellowship   of  the   First    Baptist   church, 
Washington,   of  which    he    is   still   a   most   useful 
member.     For  many  years  he  was  a  teacher  in  and 
also  superintendent  of  tin;   Sunday-school,  as  well 
as  treasurer  and  deacon  of  the  church.     Mr.  Force 
has  always  been  a  warm   friend  of  the  Columbian 
College,  served  as  a  trustee  from  1851  to  1802.  and 
was  for  several  years  its  secretary  and  treasurer. 
lie  is  a  great  lover  of  books,  and  one  of  the  best- 
read  laymen  in  the  denomination.     He  edited  and 
published  The  Army  and  Xacy  Chronicle  and   fr-i- 
entijic   Rci>osit<>ry    from    January,    184:!,    to   July. 
1845;    compiled    and    published    "  The    Builders' 
Guide,"  and  also  two  editions  of  "The  Picture  of 
Washington."     From    1845   to    1857    he   aided  his 
father,   the    Hon.    Peter   Force,   so   long   and   well 
known  in  Washington,  in  the  preparation   of  that 
valuable  work,  "  The  American  Archives."     From 
1857  to  1808  he  had  charge  of  meteorology  at  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  which  position,  however, 
he  was  obliged  to  resign  in  1808  in  consequence  of 
failing  health.     Mr.  Force    has   a  valuable   library 
in  which  he  spends  much  of  his  time,  is  a  laborious 
student,  and   a   frequent   contributor   to  the  news 
papers,    principally    on     religious    subjects.       His 
knowledge  is  varied,  and  at  the  same  time  accurate, 
and  his  articles  are  prepared  with  much  care  and 
always  read  with  profit.     Few  men  are  as  familiar 
with   church    history,  Biblical   interpretation,  and 
the  literature  of  the  baptism  question  as  Win.  Q. 
Force. 

Ford,  Rev.  Samuel  Howard,  LL.D.,  son  of 
Rev.  Thomas  II.  Ford,  was  licensed  in  1840.  passed 
through  the  classes  in  the  State  University  of  Mis 
souri,  and  was  ordained  in  1843,  at  Bonne  Femme 
church,  in  Boone  Co.,  Mo.  He  became  pastor  at 
Jefferson  City,  Mo.,  and  in  two  years  after  of  the 
North  church  in  St.  Louis  for  two  years  ;  also  at 
Cape  Girardeau,  Mo.,  and  the  East  Baptist  church, 
Louisville.  Ky.  In  1853  he  was  associated  with 
Dr.  John  L.  Waller  in  the  editorship  of  the  West 
ern  Recorder  and  Christian  Repository.  Of  the 
latter  he  is  still  the  editor.  His  talented  wife  has 
written  "Grace  Truman,"  "The  Dreamer's  Blind 
Daughter."  and  other  works  of  great  value.  At 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  Dr.  Ford  went  to 


FORD 


405 


FORGEUS 


Memphis,  where  he  preached  for  some  time.  For 
two  years  he  was  in  Mobile  as  pastor  of  the  St. 
Francis  Street  church.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Central  Baptist 


REV.   SAMUEL    HOH'ARD    FORD,    LL.I). 

church  of  Memphis,  where  he  preached  for  seven 
years,  till  ill  health  caused  him  to  resign.  While 
in  this  church  he  was  instrumental  in  building  a 
capacious  and  splendid  house  of  worship,  upon 
which  $75,000  were  expended  during  his  pastorate, 
and  in  increasing  the  membership  from  75  to  450. 
Dr.  Ford  has  received  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
Ho  preaches  without  manuscript,  is  earnest  and 
eloquent,  and  many  hundreds  have  been  converted 
under  his  ministry,  lie  is  a  firm  Baptist,  and  he 
has  had  discussions  with  Alexander  Campbell, 
Bishop  Spaulding,  of  the  Catholic  Church,  and  Dr. 
N.  L.  Ilice.  Dr.  Ford  is  a  Hebrew  and  Syriac 
scholar;  he  is  well  read  in  general  literature,  and 
is  specially  familiar  with  the  Romish  controversy. 
In  his  theology  he  is  a  Calvinist.  In  the  past 
twenty-seven  years  he  has  written  upon  almost 
every  subject  bearing  on  the  religious  issues  of  the 
times.  He  is  now  sixty  vears  of  age,  and  is  as 
active,  energetic,  and  laborious  as  ever.  Baptists 
in  all  parts  of  our  country  and  the  British  prov 
inces,  and  in  the  British  islands,  wish  length  of 
years  to  the  learned  editor  of  the  Repository,  and 
to  his  cultured  and  talented  wife. 
Ford,  Rev.  Thomas  Howard,  was  born  about 

1790,  near  Bristol,  England.  His  ancestors  were 
members  of  the  famous  Broadmead  Baptist  church 
of  that  city.  He  began  to  preach  when  eighteen 


years  of  age.  He  studied  the  ancient  languages 
under  Dr.  Burnett,  and  was  versed  in  Puritan  the 
ology,  lie  often  heard  the  celebrated  Episcopalian 
Toplady  preach,  the  author  of  ''  Hock  of  Ages, 
shelter  me.''  His  name  appears  in  Illinois  and 
Missouri  minutes  in  the  early  history  of  these 
States.  IIo  supplied  the  Second  church  of  St. 
Louis  for  a  time,  and  was  the  guest  of  Samuel  C. 
Davis.  In  I<s44hewas  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Columbia,  Mo.  The  learning,  piety,  and  pulpit 
power  of  Mr.  Ford  drew  large  congregations,  Wil- 
liam  Jewell  and  Dr.  Thomas  attending  his  ministry. 
The  church  in  Callaway  County  gave  him  a  farm, 
and  soon  after  he  died  in  their  midst  in  peace. 
Says  Noah  Flood,  "I  knew  him  well,  and  1  have 
never  been  acquainted  with  a  better  man."  His 
last  words  were,  u  IIapp3r,  happy,  bless  the  Lord." 
lie  was  about  sixty  years  of  age  when  he  died. 
He  left  two  sons  and  one  daughter.  One  son  is 
Rev.  S.  H.  Ford,  LL.D.,  of  St.  Louis.  The  brethren 
at  Richland  erected  a  monument  at  his  grave,  where 
he  rests  with  his  co-laborer,  Noah  Flood. 

Ford's  Christian  Repository. — This  popular 
magazine  was  established  in  1852  by  John  L.  Wal 
ler,  LL.D.,  in  Louisville,  Ky.  About  that  time 
L)r.  S.  II.  Ford  became  assistant,  and  soon  sole 
proprietor,  and  it  speedily  increased  from  500  sub 
scribers  to  0000.  In  1855.  Dr.  Ford  married  Miss 
Sallie  Rochester,  a  lady  of  education  and  talent. 
She  at  once  took  a  position  as  co-editor,  and  wrote 
the  attractive  and  useful  storv  of  "(Jrace  Truman.'' 
The  war  stopped  the  Repository  for  a  time.  It  was 
re-issued  in  St.  Louis  in  1.S71.  where  it  is  now  suc 
cessfully  established,  and  wields  a  powerful  and  an 
extensive  influence.  Its  cxegetical  articles,  popu 
lar  sermons,  and  familv  department  make  it  in 
valuable.  It  is  distinguished  for  its  biographical 
sketches.  It  is  the  chief  source  of  such  history  in 
our  denomination,  and  its  absence  would  be  a 
serious  loss.  Thousands  of  ministers  commend  it, 
and  are  aided  by  it. 

Forgeus,  Rev.  S.  F.,  was  born  in  South  Cov 
entry,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  Aug.  19,  1S44.  He  was 
baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Vincent  church, 
Jan.  15,  1800:  was  licensed  to  preach  Jan.  121. 
1871  :  served  in  the  war  in  three  different  regi 
ments  ;  prepared  for  college  at  Conoquenessing 
Academy,  Zelienople.  Butler  Co..  Pa.,  and  the  Uni 
versity  Academy,  Lewisburg  ;  spent  one  year  and 
one  term  at  Cornell  University.  N.  Y.,  and  grad 
uated  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  June  20,  1872,  and  from 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  May  12.  1875  ;  was 
ordained  in  August,  1875,  as  pastor  of  the  Tunk- 
hannock  church  ;  became  pastor  of  Clark's,  dreen, 
and  Mount  Bethel  churches  in  October,  1878  ;  re 
signed  the  latter  charges  in  June,  1879;  accepted 
the  call  of  the  Roaring  Brook  church,  in  Lacka- 
wanna  County,  in  April,  1880. 


FORT  IX  KR 


4(H> 


FUSTKR 


Mr.  Forgeus  was  clerk  of  the  Wyoming  Associa 
tion  for  two  years  ;  and  lie  lias  linen  secretary  of 
the  Northeastern  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Ministerial 
Conference  for  five  years.  lie  is  a  popular  minister, 
of  large  devotedness  to  the  Master,  whose  past  use 
fulness  icives  irreat  promise  for  the  future. 

Fortiner,  E.  K.,  was  born  in  Haddonfield, 
X.  •).,  Aug.  12,  1820;  was  baptized  by  Kev.  X.  B. 
'J'indall. -Jan.  1,  1839,  and  received  into  the  fellow 
ship  of  the  First  church  of  Cainden.  At  the  age 
of  twenty  he  was  elected  to  the  superintendency  of 
the  Sunday-school,  a  position  he  has  held  with  oc 
casional  interruption  for  nearly  forty  years,  either 
in  connection  witli  the  First  or  Tabernacle  church, 
and  he  is  now  the  superintendent  of  the  school  of 
the  Fourth  Street  church,  formed  by  the  union  of 
the  First  and  Tabernacle  churches.  About  1847 
he  was  elected  to  the  offi.ee  of  deacon  of  the  First 
church  of  Cainden.  He  was  a  constituent  member 
and  deacon  of  the  Tabernacle  church,  and  he  is 
now  a  deacon  of  the  Fourth  Street  church.  Con 
sistent  in  conduct,  untiring  in  work,  generous  in 
giving,  he  has  led  a  life  of  great  usefulness. 

Foskett,  Rev.  Bernard,  wa<  born  March  lo, 
1(384-85,  near  Woburn,  England,  of  a  familv  of 
wealth  and  high  repute.  lie  received  a  liberal 
education,  and  was  trained  for  the  medical  profes 
sion,  lie  became  a  member  of  the  church  in  Lit 
tle  Wild  Street,  London,  when  he  was  seventeen, 
and  formed  an  intimate  friendship  in  his  youth 
with  John  Beddomo,  who  was  then  a  member  of 
Benjamin  Reach's  church.  After  Mr.  Beddorne 
was  called  to  the  ministry  and  settled  at  Henley 
Arden,  in  Warwickshire,  Mr.  Foskett  abandoned 
his  profession  in  London  and  joined  his  friend, 
assisting  him  in  his  ministry  at  Henley,  Bengc- 
worth,  Alcester,  and  other  places  in  the  neighbor 
hood.  He  had  been  regularly  called  to  the  minis 
try  whilst  practising  as  a  physician,  but  did  not  de 
vote  himself  entirely  to  ministerial  work  until  171 1. 
In  1719  he  received  an  invitation  to  become  assist 
ant  minister  of  the  Broadmead  church,  Bristol,  and 
tutor  of  the  academy  for  young  ministers.  He  en 
tered  upon  his  duties  there  in  1720.  and  for  thirty- 
eight  years  labored  as  pastor  and  tutor  with  distin 
guished  ability  and  success  until  his  de-ath.  Sept. 
17,  1758,  in  the  seventy-third  year  of  his  age. 
Under  his  wise  conduct  the  college  at  Bristol 
gained  the  esteem  of  the  churches,  and  became 
"  the  school  of  the  prophets''  to  which  they  looked 
with  confidence  for  a  supply  of  competent  pastors 
and  teachers.  Some  sixty-four  students  were  trained 
under  Mr.  Foskett  and  his  colleagues.  Among 
these  were  several  of  the  most  eminent  Baptist 
ministers  of  the  eighteenth  century,  including 
such  men  as  John  Ilyland,  Dr.  John  Ash.  Dr. 
Llewellyn  (esteemed  the  first  scholar  among  the 
Protestant  Dissenters  of  his  day),  Benjamin  Bed- 


dome,  Robert  Day,  Benjamin  Francis,  besides 
Hugh  Evans  and  Dr.  Caleb  Evans,  his  successors 
in  the  presidency.  Mr.  Foskett's  enlightened 
piety,  generous  disposition,  and  high  character 
made  the  denomination  influential  in  Bristol  and 
the  neighborhood. 

Foster,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Danvers, 
Mass.,  June  12,  1750.  lie  graduated  from  Yah; 
College  in  1774.  He  was  appointed  to  defend  the 
Pedobaptist  view  of  the  baptismal  controversy  in 
one  of  the  college  exercises.  The  result  of  his 
preparation  astonished  himself  and  others  -.  he  be 
came  a  decided  Baptist.  He  united  with  l>r.  Still- 
man's  church  in  Boston  shortly  after  his  gradua 
tion.  In  October,  177'),  he  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  of  Leicester,  Mass.  On  the  5th 
of  June,  1785.  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Bap 
tist  church  of  Newport,  II.  I.  In  the  autumn  of 
1788  he  took  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
New  York,  which  position  he  retained  as  long  as 
he  lived.  In  1792  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Rhode  Island  College  (Brown 
University).  When  the  yellow  fever  visited  New 
York  he  fearlessly  kept  his  ground,  and  visited  its 
victims  until  the  disease  sent  him  to  the  grave. 
lie  died  Aug.  26,  1798. 

Dr.  Foster  was  distinguished  for  bis  knowledge 
of  the  (Jreck,  Hebrew,  and  Chaldean  languages. 
He  was  an  able  preacher,  and  the  Lord  blessed  his 
ministry  to  many. 

Foster,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  the  parish  of 
Halifax,  Yorkshire.  England,  Sept.  17,  1770.  His 
parents  were  persons  of  deep  piety  and  of  strong 
mental  powers.  His  father  had  a  considerable  li 
brary  of  Puritan  theology,  with  which  he  was  per 
fectly  familiar.  He  occasionally  conducted  public 
worship  in  his  church  in  the  absence  of  the  pastor. 
In  boyhood  he  was  retiring,  and  shunned  society. 
He  was  exquisitely  fond  of  nature;  a  bird,  a  tree, 
a  flower,  beautiful  scenery,  filled  him  frequently 
with  delight.  He  had,  even  in  boyhood,  his  favor 
ite  authors,  whose  works  fed  his  mind  and  charmed 
liis  heart.  He  early  cherished  a  special  admiration 
for  the  majestic,  the  rugged,  the  sublime.  At  four 
teen  he  first  felt  the  need  of  a  new  heart,  and  at 
seventeen  he  had  a  good  hope  through  the  great 
Saviour,  and  was  immersed  by  Dr.  Fawcett,  and 
became  a  member  of  the  Wainsgate  Baptist  church. 

After  his  union  with  the  church  he  soon  began 
to  exercise  his  gifts,  and  he  felt  convinced  that  God 
had  called  him  to  preach  the  gospel.  To  fit  him 
self  for  this  glorious  work  he  attended  the  school 
of  his  pastor,  Dr.  Fawcett.  at  Brearly  Hall,  where 
he  devoted  his  attention  to  classics  and  to  such 
studies  as  would  qualify  him  for  his  future  profes 
sion.  He  made,  a  free  use  of  the  valuable  library 
at  Brearly  Hall,  and  sometimes  spent  whole  nights 
in  reading  and  meditation.  From  Dr.  Fawcett's 


FOSTER 


407 


FOSTER 


school  he  became  a  student  in  the  Bristol  Baptist 
College.  From  it  he  went  forth  to  labor  in  the 
ministry  in  Newcastle,  and  subsequently  in  Dub 
lin,  in  Chichester,  in  Dowend  near  Bristol,  and  in 


REV.    JOHN'    FOSTER. 

Frome.  His  success  in  the  ministry  was  not  re 
markable,  and  a  serious  disease  in  the  throat,  which 
was  greatly  aggravated  by  much  speaking,  publicly 
or  privately,  compelled  him  partially  to  relinquish 
a  calling  which  he  loved. 

While  lie  was  a  pastor  he  published  his  first 
Essays.  There  were  four  of  them, — on  "  A  Man's 
writing  Memoirs  of  Himself,''  on  ''Decision  of 
Character."  on  ''The  Application  of  the  Epithet 
Romantic,"  and  on  "Some  of  the  Causes  by  which 
Evangelical  Religion  has  been  rendered  Less  Ac 
ceptable  to  Persons  of  Cultivated  Taste.''  In  a 
little  over  a  year  the  work  passed  through  three 
editions,  and  the  eighteenth  English  edition  was  pub 
lished  in  1845,  and  how  many  others  since  then  we 
cannot  tell.  Immediately  almost  after  the  issue 
of  these  Essays  the  obscure  Baptist  pastor  of 
Frome  found  himself  ranked  among  the  first  liter 
ary  men  of  his  country,  and  he  has  retained  that 
position  ever  since.  No  man  of  culture  and  means 
reckons  his  library  complete  without  the  works  of 
John  Foster.  Sir  James  Mackintosh,  after  reading 
Foster's  Essays,  declared  that  they  showed  their 
author  to  be  "one  of  the  most  profound  and  elo 
quent  writers  that  England  has  produced."  In 
this  opinion  the  reading  world  have  long  since 
united.  In  1819  his  Essay  on  "  The  Evils  of 
Popular  Ignorance''  appeared,  and  it  added  to  the 


wide-spread    popularity    of    its    then    celebrated 
author. 

Besides  other  essays,  Mr.  Foster  wrote  one  hun 
dred  and  eighty-five  articles  for  the  Eclectic  Jle- 
view.  On  Sundays,  as  he  had  opportunity,  when 
able,  he  preached  in  destitute  churches.  He  also 
delivered  a  series  of  discourses  in  Broadincad 
church,  Bristol,  which  were  largely  attended,  and 
among  the  hearers  were  members  of  all  denomina 
tions.  These  sermons  are  in  print. 

When  Mr.  Foster  reached  the  close  of  life  his 
faith  in  the  blessed  Redeemer  was  unwavering, 
and  anxious  to  see  him  face  to  face,  he  fell  asleep 
in  Jesus  Oct.  15.  1843. 

Mr.  Foster's  piety  was  all-pervading  and  abid 
ing.  Ilia  mind,  like  the  great  cataracts  and  lofty 
mountains  which  he  loved  to  think  of  in  boyhood, 
possessed  a  massive  grandeur,  an  originality,  and 
a  stately  majesty  only  met  at  long  intervals  in  the 
literary  world.  At  his  death  all  ranks  of  men 
united  in  paying  honor  to  his  memory  and  in  de 
ploring  the  loss  of  an  intellectual  giant. 
Foster,  Prof.  John  B.,  son  of  John  M.,  was 

born  in  Boston,  Jan.  S,  1822.  In  the  seventh  year 
of  his  age  his  father  removed  to  Waterville,  Me., 
where,  until  he  was  fourteen,  he  attended  the  pub 
lic  schools  and  the  academy  in  that  place.  For 
two  years — 1830-38 — he  was  occupied  in  mechan 
ical  pursuits,  and  then  commenced  preparation  to 
enter  college.  He  graduated  at  Waterville  College, 
now  Colby  l.'niversity,  in  the  class  of  1843.  In  the 
same  year  he  entered  the  Newton  Theological  In 
stitution  with  the  intention  of  going  through  the 
three  years'  course  of  study.  In  the  following 
spring,  however,  he  left  the  institution,  and  en 
gaged  in  teaching  for  some  time.  Subsequently 
he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Gardiner.  Me.,  commencing  his  ministry 
in  August,  1840.  Ill  health  obliged  him  to  resign 
after  a  brief  period.  Upon  recovering  he  resumed 
his  studies  at  Newton  in  the  fall  of  1847,  and  con 
tinued  them  until  he  was  graduated  in  the  class  of 
JNoO.  A  short  time  before  completing  his  theolog 
ical  course  he  was  called  to  Portland  to  take  the 
editorial  charge  of  Ziori ' s  Advocate,  the  organ  of 
the  Baptist  denomination  for  the  State  of  Maine. 
This  position  he  held  for  eight  years.  In  August, 
1858,  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  the  Greek  and 
Latin  Languages  in  Waterville  College,  to  take 
the  place  of  Dr.  Champlin,  who  had  been  elected 
to  the  presidency  of  the  college.  In  1872  the  de 
partment  was  divided,  and  since  that  time  Prof. 
Foster  has  occupied  the  chair  of  Greek  Language 
and  Literature. 

Foster,  Rev.  Jos.  A.,  now  pastor  of  the  First 
African  church  in  Montgomery,  Ala.,  though  with 
out  educational  advantages  while  a  slave,  has  since 
done  much  in  cultivating  his  mind.  He  is  regarded 


F OXTER 


408 


F OXTER 


at  this  time  us  a  fine  preacher.  He  was  one  of 
tin;  principal  agents  in  originating  tin:  colored  Con 
vention,  of  which  he  was  president  for  three  years. 
Foster,  Rev.  Joseph  C.,  was  born  in  Mil  ford. 
N.  II.,  April  JO,  isls.  Leaving  a  printing-office  in 
IS!}"),  he  pursued  studies  preparatory  to  the  min 
istry  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  and  New  Hampton, 
N.  IT.  He  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
chiirrh  in  Brattloborough.  Vrt.,  Jan.  19,  1S4:J.  Tie 
closed  his  pastorate  then: -Inly  1,  1S")(),  after  nearly 
i'onrteen  years  of  service.  He  was  elected  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Beverly,  Mass.,  Aug.  7, 
1S">I).  This  pastorate  continued  until  Deo.  2->, 
1872,  embracing  more  than  sixteen  years.  Imme 
diately  entering  upon  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Randolph,  Mass.,  he  was  in 
stalled  -Jan.  2:>,  1ST:}.  During  his  ministry  of 
thirty-six  years  lie  lias  bapti/ed  hundreds,  and 
seen  much  development  of  the  churcbes  with  which 
he  has  been  connected,  in  various  kinds  of  efficiency, 
including  benevolent  contributions  and  extensive 
improvement  of  church  property.  In  two  instances 
superior  houses  for  worship  have  been  built  under 
bis  administration.  lie  has  been  actively  engaged 
in  educational  and  denominational  work,  having 
served  on  school  committees  nearly  thirty  succes 
sive  years,  and  held  responsible  positions  on  vari 
ous  boards  of  benevolent  societies,  especially  in 
secretarial  and  financial  service.  Some  of  his  pub 
lications  have  had  extensive  circulation,  one  of 
which,  a  tract  on  baptism  and  communion,  has 
been  in  great  demand.  He  has  written  much  for 
the  periodical  press. 

Foster,  Prof.  Joshua  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Tuscaloosa  Co..  Ala.,  March  17,  1819,  and  has  re 
sided  in  that  county  to  this  date.  After  such  .ad 
vantages  as  could  be  had  in  the  best  country  schools 
he  oraduated  at  the  head  of  his  class  in  the  Univer- 

& 

sity  of  Alabama  in  1839;  was  ordained  as  pastor 
of  the  Tuscaloosa  church  in  ]S.">3.  Rev.  B.  Manly, 
Sr.,  Rev.  T.  F.  Curtis,  Rev.  J.  C.  Foster,  and  Rev. 
It.  Jones  being  the  Presbytery  ;  elected  to  a  pro 
fessorship  in  the  university  in  1S41,  when  twenty- 
one  years  old;  after  three  years,  associated  with 
Rev.  E.  B.  Teague  in  a  male  high  school  in  Tnsca- 
loosa ;  re-elected  to  his  former  position  in  the 
faculty  of  the  university  in  1S49,  but  soon  with 
drew  in  ill  health  ;  was  several  times  offered  posi 
tions  in  the  faculty,  which  ho  declined,  until  in 
1873  he  accepted  the  professorship  of  Moral  Science, 
and  in  1874  that  of  Natural  Philosophy  and  As 
tronomy,  and  filled  both  chairs  for  three  years.  He 
is  still  an  honored  member  of  the  faculty  of  the 
State  University  ;  was  for  some  years  president  of 
the  Alabama  Central  Female  College  in  Tuscaloosa. 
During  his  long  career  as  a  college  professor  he  has 
been  the  useful  pastor  of  neighboring  country  and 
village  churches.  Dr.  Foster  is  profoundly  in 


tellectual,  eminently  learned,  distinguished  as  a 
teacher,  a  sincere  Christian,  and  a  wise  counselor 
among  his  brethren.  The  title  of  I'.L).  was  con 
ferred  on  him  by  Howard  College  in  1879. 

Foster,  Rev.  L.  S.,  Mississippi  editor  of  the 
Western  Jfi'cnrdcr,  of  Louisville,  Ky..  was  born  in 
Alabama  in  1847;  educated  in  the  University  of 
Alabama  ;  was  baptized  by  Elder  T.  G.  Sellers,  in 
1SG5,  at  Starksville,  Miss.,  and  began  to  preach  in 
18l)7;  spent  two  sessions  at  the  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary,  and  then  spent  two  years 
preaching  in  Mississippi  and  Tennessee,  when  he 
returned  to  the  seminary,  where  he  graduated  in 
187");  has  filled  the  pastorate  at  Okalona.  Miss., 
and  Camden,  8.  C.,  and  was  principal  of  Starksville 
Male  Academy.  As  a  writer  he  has  contributed 
a  number  of  valuable  articles  to  the  Recorder, 
and  has  also  published  an  able  sermon  on  ''  Truth 
Developed  by  Conflict.'' 

Foster,  Michael,  M.D.,  of  Huntingdon,  Eng 
land,  an  eminent  physician  of  that  district,  was 
a  member  of  the  ancient  Baptist  family  of  the 
Fosters  of  Preston,  near  Tlitchin,  in  whose  house 
John  Bunyan  often  found  an  asylum,  and  where 
the  "Baptist  bishop'1  preached  sometimes  at  mid 
night  in  the  times  of  persecution.  Dr.  Foster  was 
a  man  of  rare  qualities,  welcome  and  influential  for 
food  in  every  circle.  When  he  settled  in  Hunting- 

- 

dmi,  in  IS.'U,  the  Non-Conformist  cause  was  almost 
extinct,  but,  notwithstanding  obloquy,  be  followed 
the  dictates  of  his  conscience,  and  soon  won  his 
way  to  social  eminence.  For  many  years  he  took 
a  leading  part  in  promoting  the  evangelization  of 
neglected  districts,  being  welcomed  as  an  accept 
able  preacher,  and  loved  and  trusted  by  all  clas.-es. 
His  interest  in  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society  was 
intense,  lie  served  for  many  years  on  the  Execu 
tive  Committee,  and  endeared  himself  to  mission 
aries  and  their  families  by  his  generous  hospitali 
ties  and  practical  sympathy.  In  18GS  he  was 
elected  to  the  mayoralty  of  Huntingdon,  being  the 
first  Non-Conformist  since  the  days  of  Cromwell  to 
occupy  that  position.  As  a  deacon  for  forty-eight 
years  his  services  were  of  the  highest  order,  for  he 
was  one  of  the  foremost  in  every  onward  movement 
of  the  denomination,  and  conspicuous  for  the  saint- 
liness  of  his  character  in  a  very  wide  circle.  He 
died  Jan.  7,  1880.  aged  sixty-nine  years. 

Foster,  Rev.  Nathaniel  Greene,  of  Madison, 
was   born  July  25,  1809,  in   Greene   Co.,  Ga.     lie 
had  excellent  instructors  in  youth,  and  in  1828  en 
tered  the  State  University  at  Athens,  graduating  in 
1830.     He   studied   law  under   his    uncle,  Seaborn 
Johnson,  in   Madison,  and   soon   entered   upon  its 
practice.     Converted  in   1848.  he  united  with  the 
I  Madison  church,  and  on  the  10th  of  August  of  the 
|  same  year   he  was  licensed.     On  the  27th  of  Jan- 
I  uary,    1849,   he   was    ordained    by    the    following 


FOUNTAIN 


409 


brethren,  who  composed  the  Presbytery:  B.  M. 
Sanders,  Jno.  L.  Dagg,  Y.  II.  Thornton,  S.  G.  Hill- 
yer,  N.  M.  Crawford,  S.  S.  Bledsoe,  and  C.  M.  Ir- 
win.  lie  soon  accepted  a  call  to  the  First  church 
of  Augusta,  but  resigned  at  the  end  of  six  months, 
convinced  that  his  life  as  a  lawyer  had  unfitted  him 
for  such  a  field  of  duty.  He  returned  to  the  prac 
tice  of  law,  preaching  to  country  churches  and 
serving  tin,'  Madison  church  at  times.  His  health 
began  to  fail  in  ]S")S,  and  on  the  1'Jth  of  October, 
IStil),  he  died.  He  served  his  district  in  Congress 
one  session  ;  was  for  many  years  a  trustee  of  Mer 
cer  University  ;  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Georgia  Female  College.  He  was  a  man  of  hand 
some  appearance,  of  fine  ability,  and  of  good  judg 
ment,  and  when  difficulties  arose  was  alwavs  a 
peace-maker  among  his  brethren. 

Fountain,  Rev.  Ezra,  was  born  in  Bedford. 
Westchester  Co..  X.  Y.  ;  trained  on  a  farm  ;  mingled 
in  the  scenes  of  the  Revolution  ;  was  converted  in 
early  manhood  ;  ordained  in  ISO:.';  was  pastor  of 
the  Bedford  Baptist  church  :  was  instrumental  in 
organizing  the  Baptist  church  at  Vorktown,  and 
fostered  it  till  his  death  ;  was  fully  up  to  his  times; 
did  very  much  pioneer  work;  strong,  energetic, 
and  devoted;  he  died  of  injuries  received  from 
being  thrown  from  a  wagon. 

Fowler,  Rev.  T.  J.,  a  prominent  voting  preacher 
in  Attala  Co..  Miss.,  is  a  native  of  Georgia,  where 
he  was  born  in  1S4',».  Having  removed  to  Ala 
bama,  he  became  a  Baptist  shortly  after.  He  bewail 
to  preach  in  IS75.  and  was  ordained  the  year  fol 
lowing.  Ho  became  pastor  of  Xew  Bethel.  Fay- 
etteCo.,  Ala.,  where  he  continue,]  until  he  removed 
to  Mississippi  in  1S77.  He  settled  in  Pontotur 
County,  and  became  pastor  of  Mount  Moriah  and 
Hosea  churches  in  that  county.  He  remained  with 
those  churches  one  year,  then  removed  to  Attala 
County,  where  lie  took  charge  of  Providence  church, 
of  which  he  is  still  pastor,  with  a  prospect  of  great 
good. 

Fox,  Rev.  Jehiel,  prominent  among  the  pioneer 
Baptists  of  Northern  Xew  York,  was  born  in  I7i',0. 
at  Hast  Haddam.  Conn.  He  was  licensed  to  preach 
at  Hoosick  Falls.  X.  Y.  In  J7%  he  removed  to 
Chester,  in  the  region  of  Lake  George,  which 
country  was  then  a  wilderness.  Here  a  church 
was  organized  and  he  was  ordained.  At  his  own 
charges,  Elder  Fox  traveled  and  preached  through 
out  the  surrounding  counties,  and  under  his  min 
istry  were  organized  most  of  the  churches  of  the 
Lake  George  Association.  He  was  a  man  of  piety, 
energy,  and  wisdom,  and  of  fine  natural  gifts.  He 
had  a  great  thirst  for  knowledge,  and  gave  his 
children  the  very  best  educational  advantages  the 
times  afforded.  He  died  in  182:',.  His  tombstone 
bears  the  quaint  inscription,  dictated  by  himself, 
"  Jehiel  Fox  passes  this  way  from  the  labors  of 
27 


the  field  and  vineyard  to  his  Master.     Lo  !  Grace 
gives  the  triumph." 

Fox,  Rev.  L.  L.,  was  born  in  Louisa  Co..  Ya., 
in  IS  14.     His  grandfather,  an  officer  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  war.  was  a  near  relative  of  Charles  J.  Fox.  of 
England.     lie  was  baptized  at  sixteen  years  of  aire, 
!  and  then  resolving  to  prepare  himself  for  a  life  of 
!  usefulness,  he  worked   hard   through   the  day  and 
'  studied  books  at  night.     A  few  rears  beiiio-  spent 
in   this  way,   he  then   had    three  years  of  regular 
training  at  school.     lie  was  ordained  to  the  min 
istry   by   a  Presbytery   consisting  of  Revs.   James 
Fife.  W.  Y.  Hyter,  T.  T.  Swift,  M.  Jones,  and  Dr. 
S.  B.  Webb,  and   for  four  years  served  churches  as 
pastor  in  his  native  county  ;    then  he  was  pastor 
for  some  years  in  Cnlpeper,  Madison,  and  Louisa 
!  Counties.      In   lS4t>  he  removed   to  Alabama,  and 
located  in  rniontown,  where  he  remained  as  pastor 
,  until   the  close  of  the  year   18t>.">.      lsr>6-(J7  he  de- 
voted  to  the  religious  interests  of  the  colored  people 
under  appointment  of  the  Home  Mission    Society, 
and  would   have  continued  this  longer  had  not  his 
Hocks  preferred  men  of  their  own  color.     From  that 
time  to   this  he  has   served    churches  in   Marengo 
County,     lie  has  been  moderator  of  the  Bethel  As- 
I  sociation    for    fifteen    years,    and    was    previously 
j  moderator  of  the  Cahaba.      lie  has  baptized  about 
liloil  persons  in   his  life.     Mr.  Fox  is  a  cultivated 
man.  an  excellent  preacher,  and  the  most  influential 
Baptist  in  his  part  of  the  State.      He  has  a  delight 
ful  family. 

FOX,  Rev.  Norman,  was   sent   by  his   father   to 

'  Granville  Academy,  in   those  days  one  of  the  most 

prominent   schools    in    Northern    New   York.       In 

'S13  1 ntered   Union   College.     Admitted  to  the 

liar,  he  was  made  judge  of  Warren  County,  and 
lie  was  for  several  years  a  prominent  member  of 
the  State  Legislature.  He  was  also  extensively 
engaged  in  commercial  affairs.  Havinir  been 
converted  about  this  period,  he  began  to  address 
religions  meetings.  At  his  last  election  to  the 
Legislature!,  the  opposition  members  contested 
his  eligibility  to  a  seat  on  the  ground  that  he  was 
a  clergyman,  which  class  at  that  day  were  ineli 
gible,  but  as  he  had  been  neither  licensed  nor 
ordained,  the  movement  was  unsuccessful.  Soon 
after  this  he  gave  up  secular  pursuits  entirelv.  and 
devoted  himself  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  alone. 
He  preached  at  Kingsbury  and  other  towns  in 
Washington  County,  and  was  for  twelve  years  pas 
tor  of  the  church  at  Ballston  Spa.  lie  stood  aloof 
from  politics  after  entering  the  ministry,  decliniiv 

J     7  f? 

even  to  vote.  Remarkably  able  as  a  preacher,  he 
was  even  more  so  as  a  private  citizen.  Few  men 
have  in  their  day  commanded  such  profound  re 
spect  from  all  classes  of  society.  He  died  in  LXf.3, 
aged  seventy-one. 

Among  his  sons  the  following  have  become  prom- 


FOX 


410 


FllAXCR 


inent  as  influential  Baptists:  Ahuison  Fox.  of 
Steuben  Co.,  N.  V.,  a  prominent  business  man  and 
a  member  of  the  boards  of  management  of  several 
of  our  denominational  corporations;  also  Prof. 
Norman  Fox.  of  New  York  City. 

FOX,   Prof.  Norman,  son  of  the   IJev.  Norman 
Fox,  a  distinguished  Baptist  minister  of  New  York, 


1'KOF.    NORMAN     FOX. 

who  died  in  18(13,  and  grandson  of  Rev.  Jehiel  Fox. 
another  honored  minister  of  our  denomination. 
Norman  Fox  received  his  literary  education  at 
Rochester  University,  and  his  theological  training 
at  its  well-known  seminary.  He  was  ordained  at 
Whitehall,  N.  Y.  Afterwards  he  was  associate 
editor  of  the  Central  Baptist,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Sub 
sequently  he  was  Professor  of  History  in  William 
Jewell  College,  Mo.  At  present  he  resides  in 
New  York,  and  he  devotes  himself  chiefly  to  denomi 
national  literature,  writing  for  many  religious 
journals. 

Prof.  Fox  has  read  very  extensively  ;  his  attain 
ments  in  this  respect  are  great.  He  has  a  mind  of 
unusual  clearness  and  power.  He  has  the  happy 
faculty  of  using  the  most  fitting  words  to  express 
important  thoughts.  He  has  a  large  heart.  With 
the  grace  of  God  which  he  possesses  he  is  a  mighty 
power  in  the  Baptist  denomination,  the  force  of 
which  we  trust  will  be  long  spared  to  us.  Those 
who  know  him  only  by  his  writings,  or  by  personal 
relations,  admire  and  love  him. 
France,  American  Baptist  Mission  to.— The 

Triennial  Convention  projected  a  mission  to  France 
in  1832.     The  board  sent  out  Prof.  Ira  Chase,  of 


Newton  Theological  Institute,  to  explore  the  field, 
and    M.    Rostan,    a    native    Frenchman,    to    make 
trial  of  mission  work  in    Paris.     A  year  later  M. 
Rostan    died    of    cholera.       Rev.    Isaac    M.    Will- 
marth,  who  had  previously  spent  the  greater  part 
of  a  year  in  Paris,  was  appointed  to  take  charge  of 
the   mission,  and   to   instruct   young  men   for  the 
ministry,   and    he    with    his    wife    arrived   on    the 
ground  in  June,  18,'U.     The  design  of  the  mission 
was  to  revive  and  strengthen  the  few  small  Baptist 
churches  lon.n"  in  existence,  to  raise  up  an  educated 
French  ministry,  and  to  diffuse  the  pure  gospel  in 
the  nation.     From  French  Protestants  coldness  and 
opposition  were  experienced.     A  chapel  was  opened, 
and   services    in    French    and    English  were   main 
tained.      M.    Porchat   was  employed   as  a   French 
preacher,  but  after  a  little   lie  withdrew  from  the 
service.     J.  B.  Cretin  was  the  first  student  for  the 
ministry.      In    1835.   Mr.   AVillmarth,  in  company 
with    Prof.    Barnas    Scars,    visited     the     churches 
in    the    Department  du    Nord.   and    they  were  wel 
comed  everywhere.     Two  other  students  were  re 
ceived.      An   evangelist.    M.    Dusart,   was   ordained 
at   Paris.       In    November,   Revs.   Krastus  Willard 
and  l>.  X.  Sheldon  joined  the  mission. — the  latter  to 
labor  in   Paris,  the   former  with   Mr.  Willmarih  to 
locate  at  Douay.  in  the  North,  to  instruct  students 
for  the    ministry.      The    missionaries   ordained   J. 
Thieffrev,    at    Lannoy.       Religious    services    were 
sustained  at   Douay  and    Paris.     There  were   four 
students,   two  pastors,  and    three  colporteurs.      A 
church  was  constituted  at  Genlis,  and  J.  B.  Cretin 
ordained  pastor. 

Mr.  Willmarth  by  ill  health  was  forced  to  leave 
the  mission  in  1837.  In  1838  a  church  was  con 
stituted  at  Douay,  and  strict  regulations  introduced 
into  the  other  churches.  In  1839,  Mr.  Sheldon  re 
moved  to  Douay  to  aid  Mr.  Willard,  but  six  months 
later  resigned.  In  1840  the  whole  number  of  Bap 
tists  was  180,  and  there  were  33  baptisms  during 
the  year.  Mr.  Willard,  now  left  entirely  alone, 
had  his  hands  and  his  mind  fully  occupied  with  the 
care  of  the  churches  and  the  instruction  of  his 
pupils.  It  was  necessary  for  him  to  visit  the  dif 
ferent  stations,  to  correct  abuses  and  teach  the 
principles  of  church  order;  but  lie  bent  his  main 
energies  to  the  training  of  young  men  for  the  min 
istry.  "  He  was  persuaded  that  the  people  could 
be  more  effectually  reached  by  Frenchmen  than  by 
foreigners  :  but  he  was  equally  sure  that  they  must 
be  converted  and  trained,  must  understand  the 
Scriptures  and  themselves,  and  have  some  acquaint 
ance  with  the  various  forms  of  error  with  which  they 
would  have  to  contend.  To  prepare  a  body  of  men, 
able  in  the  Word  of  God,  and  strong  against  the 
subtle  influences  of  error,  lie  bent''  all  the  powers 
of  his  strong  and  energetic  mind.  "  And  God  gave 
him  some  young  men  of  rare  promise,  of  genuine 


FRANCE 


411 


FRANCE 


eloquence  and  power,  who  have  since  done."  and 
are  still  doing,  "  noble  service  for  the  Master."* 
He  thoroughly  indoctrinated  the  students  and  the 
churches  in  the  strict  principles  of  American  Bap 
tists,  and  thus  laid  a  solid  foundation  for  the  growth 
of  Baptist  churches  in  France.  He  watched  with 
anxious  care  the  conduct  of  his  assistants,  in  its  rela 
tion  to  an  oppressive  government,  restraining  the 
fiery  zeal  of  those  who  would  court  a  conflict  with 
the  civil  power,  and  keeping  all  operations  as  far 
as  possible  within  the  limits  of  the  law.  To  his 
faithful  training  and  judicious  care  of  the  students 
and  the  churches,  during  more  than  twenty  years, 
carrying  forward  under  great  difficulties  the  work 
begun  by  Mr.  Willmarth,  the  French  mission  owes 
most  of  its  subsequent  success  and  present  hopeful 
prospects.  This  was  his  great  life-work,  and  will 
be  an  enduring  monument  to  his  memory. 

In  1844,  on  the  death  of  his  wife.  Mr.  Willard 
visited  America,  still  guiding  the  mission  bv  cor 
respondence  through  M.  Foulbu'uf,  and  after  his 
lamented  death  through  M.  Thieffrey.  On  his  re 
turn,  in  1846,  persecutions  were  rife  all  over  the 
field.  Some  of  the  brethren  were  fined,  others 
were  imprisoned.  Lepoids,  Foulon.  and  Bi'sin  ap 
pealed  to  the  highest  court  in  the  realm,  and  were 
defended  by  eminent  French  counsel,  hut  before  a 
decision  was  rendered  Louis  Philippe,  the  "citizen 
king,"  was  driven  from  France  by  the  revolution 
of  1848.  The  year  was  nevertheless  prosperous. 
The  number  baptized  was  double  that  of  any  pre 
ceding  year. 

The  revolution  gave  a  respite  to  our  persecuted 
brethren.  The  chapel  at  Genlis,  which,  as  soon  as 
built,  was  closed  by  government,  and  remained 
shut  eleven  years,  was  opened.  Dr.  Devan  began 
work  in  Paris  in  1S4S.  A  year  later  he  repaired 
to  Lyons,  where  he  labored  in  the  Southern  De 
partment  of  the  mission  till  18~>3.  when  lie  left  the 
country.  There;  were  then  9  churches  and  172 
members  in  the  South.  In  184',)  the  first  Associa 
tion  was  formed  at  Verberie.  From  this  period  to 
1856,  Mr.  Willard.  again  in  charge  of  the  whole 
work,  resided  in  Paris,  teaching  the  students,  coun 
seling  and  encouraging  the  pastors  in  the  midst  of 
persecutions  and  sufferings.  Worn  out  with  cares 
and  anxieties,  he  then  decided  to  return  home,  re 
questing  the  board  to  send  some  competent  man  to 
fill  his  place.  To  escape  persecution  numbers  of 
the  French  brethren  emigrated  to  the  United  States. 
The  field  having  become  too  much  enlarged  for 
efficient  supervision,  the  Southern  Department  was 
relinquished  temporarily,  and  the  number  of  sta 
tions  reduced  to  6,  with  a  membership  of  281. 
Around  these  stations  meetings  were  held  in  many 


*  C.  K.  Barrows,  Commemorative  Discourse  on  the  Life  and  Char 
acter  of  Mr.  Willard. 


localities.  The  churches  were  animated  with  a 
spirit  of  piety  and  missionary  zeal.  Prayer-meet 
ings  were  maintained  in  Paris  almost  every  evening. 
There  was  an  awakening  among  the  soldiers  in  the 
garrison,  and  ninny  Roman  Catholics  who  had 
heard  the  gospel  were  visited  on  their  death-beds 
and  found  rejoicing  in  Christ  as  their  Saviour. 
''For  this  reason,"  says  one  of  the  pastors,  "I  be 
lieve  that  eternity  alone  will  reveal  the  good  which 
has  been  done  to  thousands  who,  during  the  last 
thirty  years,  have  heard  the  Word  of  life  from  your 
missionaries." 

Thus  the  work  went  on  from  year  to  year  with 
alternations  of  successes  and  reverses.  In  1866  the 
chapel  at  Chauny,  which  had  been  closed  fourteen 
years,  was  re-opened  with  rejoicing,  by  decree  of 
government.  In  1870-71  all  the  operations  of  the 
mission  were  deranged  by  the  Franco-Prussian 
war.  Many  young  men  from  the  churches  were 
called  into  military  service.  The  church  in  Paris 
lost  nineteen  members  during  the  war.  and  a  larme 
number  during  the  dreadful  siege  and  the  terrors 
of  the  Commune  in  1871.  The  brethren  carried 
j  forward  their  work  as  far  as  practicable,  visited  the 
soldiers,  and  circulated  tracts  among  them,  but  war 
and  its  horrors  absorbed  the  attention  of  the  peo 
ple,  and  little  could  be  done  except  in  spiritual 
efforts  for  the  soldiers,  the  wounded,  and  the  dying. 
After  the  war  the  churches  slowly  recovered  from 
the  evils  it  had  caused,  and  as  for  a  season  there 
was  entire  religious  freedom,  the  laborers  were 
greatly  encouraged,  and  with  renewed  zeal  sowed 
the  good  seed  among  the  people. 

At  the  present  date  there  are  eight  stations  and 
numerous  out-stations.  The  churches  are  sound  in 
faith  and  strict  in  discipline,  with  a  membership 
of  about  760.  Though  generally  poor  they  give 
largely  according  to  their  means,  and  since  the 
mission  was  commenced  have  raised  for  the  work 
and  for  benevolence  $10.000  or  SlL'.OOO.  The  pas 
tors  and  evangelists  are  faithful  and  devoted  men. 
Cretin.  Mr.  Willmarth's  first  student,  still,  at  the 
age  of  sixty-four,  pursues  his  work  with  ardor. 
The  veteran  Thieffrey  still  holds  his  post  at  Lannov. 
The  church  in  Paris  has  a  large  and  beautiful 
chapel,  and  intends  to  keep  a  yearly  feast  on  the 
14th  of  September  to  celebrate  its  dedication,  which 
occurred  at  that  date  in  1*73.  Our  cause  has 
gained  greatly  in  public  estimation,  and  is  now 
treated  with  respect  by  other  denominations  and 
by  public  journals.  Our  pastors  are  invited  to 
participate  in  ministerial  conferences,  and  to  explain 
their  views  of  baptism  and  the  communion.  Our 
mission  has  given  rise  to  discussions  on  these  topics 
all  over  the  country,  and  as  a  consequence,  infant 
baptism  is  losing  its  hold  on  the  Protestants  of 
France.  Several  of  the  pastors  have  been  baptized 
themselves  and  have  baptized  a  large  portion  of 


412 


FR  AX  KLIN 


their  thicks,  and  some  of  them  luive  decided  to 
admit  in  future,  members  to  their  churches  only  by 
baptism.  Thus,  since  the  mission  was  commenced 
in  1XM4.  <,rreat  progress  lias  been  made  in  Scriptural 
views  of  the  ordinances.  About  1200  have  been 
bapti/.ed.  The  board  has  expended  on  the  work 
probablv  over  S400.OOO.  The  prospect  for  the 
future  is  encouraging.  NV  ith  a  theological  school 
at  Paris  now  in  operation,  we  shall  be  able  to  raise 
up  useful  pastors  to  succeed  those'  devoted  men 
now  in  the  Held.  Thin  in  indispensable. 

The  time  is  propitious.  Republicanism  is  in  the 
ascendency  ;  the  enlightened  classes  are  tired  of  the 
domination  of  the  priesthood,  and  turn  to  Protest 
antism  as  the  only  force  able  to  cope  with  the  wily 
.Jesuitism  of  the  papacy.  It  seems  the  favorable 
moment,  for  vigorous  effort  that  France,  one  of  the 
most  inlluential  of  nations,  may  be  wrested  from 
the  dominion  of  Home:  and  being  herself  evangel 
ized  mav  become  a  centre  of  light  for  the  world. 

Francis,  Rev.  Benjamin,  took  charge  of  the 
church  at  Shortwood,  England,  in  October,  17">s. 
I'nder  his  unwearied  labors  the  community  became 
so  numerous  that  it  was  necessary  to  enlarge  the 
meeting-house  before  he  was  two  years  the  shep 
herd  of  Shortwood.  lie  preached  regularly  in  four 
surrounding  villages,  in  some  of  which  chapels 
were  built  through  his  instrumentality;  and  he 
soon  was  summoned  to  minister  in  distant,  places, 
for  his  popularity  increased  with  his  years,  so  that 
before  his  death  he  was  known  throughout  all  the 
British  Baptist  churches  as  one  of  their  ablest 
ministers.  "  His  usefulness  was  so  great,  his  tal 
ents  so  admired,  and  his  character  so  revered  that 
he  shed  a  lustre  over  the  denomination  to  which  he 
belonged/'  lie  died  Dec.  14.  17'.»9.  Mr.  Francis 
was  the  author  of  some  beautiful  hymns.  The 
following  stanza  is  his,  and  the  hymn  to  which  it 
belongs  : 

"  My  gracious  TCo'lecmer  T  love ! 

His  praises  aluii.l   I'll   proclaim. 
Ami  j"iii  with  tin'  armies  al>ove 

To  shunt  liis  ailoraMc  name  ; 
To  tfaze  on  his  glories  divine 

Shall  IK-  my  eternal  employ, 
Ami  feel  them  incessantly  shine 

My  lioumlless  inctlaMc  joy." 

Franklin  College,  Indiana. — At  the  close  of 

the  first  meeting  of  what  is  now  called  the  Indiana 
Baptist  State  Convention,  held  in  October.  1X33.  at 
Brandywine,  Shelby  To.,  the  friends  of  education 
met  in  conference  and  took  steps  looking  to  the  es 
tablishment  of  an  institution  of  learning.  June  ">, 
1S34,  a  meeting  was  held  at  Indianapolis  for  the 
purpose  of  forming  an  education  society.  Rev. 
Wm.  Reese  was  elected  chairman,  and  Rev.  E/ra 
Fisher  clerk.  The  following  names  were  enrolled  : 
William  Reese,  Ezra  Fisher,  Henry  Bradley,  John 
llobart,  Samuel  Harding,  Lewis  Morgan,  J.  V. 


A.  Woods,  Eliplialet  Williams,  John  L.  Rich 
mond,  Nathaniel  Richmond,  John  McCoy.  John 
Mason,  Moses  -Jeffries,  and  Reuben  Coffey.  Com 
mittees  were  appointed  to  call  the  attention  of  the 
brethren  of  the  Slat*!,  by  means  of  correspondence 
and  newspaper  articles,  and  -Jan.  14.  183">,  was  ap 
pointed  as  the  time  at  which  the  formal  organiza 
tion  of  the  Education  Society  should  be  effected. 
The  immediate  control  of  the  institution  was  to  be 
in  the  hands  of  a  board  of  trustees  elected  by  the 
society,  it  was  to  be  on  the  ''  manual  labor''  plan, 
and  it  was  by  unanimous  choice  located  at  Frank 
lin. 

It  was  for  years  a  "  Manual  Labor  Institute"  in 
fact  as  well  as  in  name.  In  the  language  of  Rev. 
T.  C.  Townsend.  once  agent  for  the  institution,  "  I 
have  known  young  men  tie  up  their  clothes  in  a 
handkerchief,  walk  through  the  mud  one  hundred 
miles,  and  when  thev  reached  the  college  they 
would  borrow  of  President  Chandler  one  dollar  and 
twenty-five  cents  to  buy  them  an  axe.  and  work 
their  wav  to  an  education.  These  boys  are  now 
the  men  that  tell  upon  the  interests  of  society 
throughout  the  West." 

'The  first  building  was  a  frame,  20  by  3s  feet,  one 
storv.  It  was  used  for  chapel,  recitations,  and  on 
Sundays  for  church  service.  It  was  built  in  1S36. 
In  1X44  a  three-story  brick.  42  by  <S4  feet,  was  put 
up.  In  1S.~)4  another  brick,  the  copy  of  the  first, 
was  erected.  The  campus  contains  about  twelve 
acres. 

The  first  principal  was  Rev.  A.  T.  Tilton,  a  man 
of  large  heart,  great  energy,  and  good  taste.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Hon.  AV.  J.  Robinson,  who  con 
ducted  the  school  somewhat  more  than  one  year. 
In  1X44,  Rev.  G.  C.  Chandler,  pastor  of  the  First 
church.  Indianapolis,  was  called  to  the  presidency, 
and  tin1  name  was  changed  to  Franklin  College. 
He  was  a  man  of  vast  energv  and  great  faith,  and 
served  the  college  zealously  for  eight  years.  The 
most  that  he  and  the  professors  could  do  barely 
enabled  the  board  to  meet  current  expenses.  The 
work  of  instruction,  however,  went  on.  and  the 
State  was  reaping  the  beneficial  results. 

The  only  respectable  effort  for  endowment  was 
made  during  the  last  years  of  Dr.  Chandler's  presi 
dency.  The  plan  was  to  raise  S60.000;  S  10.000  was 
to  l>e  expended  in  canceling  debts  and  meeting  in 
cidental  expenses,  the  remainder  was  to  be  invested 
as  a  permanent  fund.  And  the  plan  partially  suc 
ceeded.  The  amount  was  subscribed.  Unfor 
tunately  for  the  cause  of  education  in  the  State, 
scholarships  were  issued  as  a  reward  to  those  who 
had  made  the  subscriptions  :  hence  while  income 
as  i  n  f  west  was  assured,  income  as  fu  it  inn  fees  was 
defeated.  Almost  every  student  in  those  days  used 
a  scholarship. 

In  the  mean   time   Dr.  Chandler   resigned,  and 


FRANKLIN 


413 


FREEMAN 


Dr.  Silas  Bailey,  late  president  of  Granville  College, 
was  called  to  the  presidency.  He  gathered  about 
him  an  able  faculty,  and  all  would  have  gone  well 
if  the  $00,000  had  been  collected,  but  it  was  not. 
The  president  labored  with  fidelity  and  marked 
ability  till  failing  health  compelled  him  to  resign, 
and  the  war  took  the  young  men  away  from  the 
pursuit  of  learning  to  the  dangers  and  duties  of 
the  battle-field. 

There  was  a  suspension 
from  1864  to  lst',9.  In  1S69 
the  board  again  opened  the 
institution.  Rev.  W.  T. 
8tott  was  appointed  acting 
president.  In  INTO,  Rev.  II. 
L.  Wayland,  1  >.!>.,  was 
elected  president.  The  en 
dowment  was  small,  the  ex-  i 
penses  rapidly  outran  the 
income,  and  in  Is  7  2  there 
was  another  suspension  :  the 
property  of  the  college  was 
taken  for  the  debts  and  the 
organization  dissolved.  Im 
mediately  the  citizens  of 
Johnson  County  and  other 
friends  of  the  college  pro 
posed  another  kind  of  organ 
ization,  — a  joint-stock  as-,i- 
ciation, — over  $50.000  was 

rai>ed,   and    in   the    fall   of    1>72    instruction    was  ' 
begun,  with  Rev.  W.  T.Srott,  D.D.,  as  president. 

The  institution  being  now  on  a  better  financial 
foundation  lias  bright  hopes.  Up  to  this  time  nearly 
$100,000  has  been  raised  in  cash,  cash  subscriptions, 
and  real  estate.  The  following  is  the  treasurer's 
statement:  Buildings,  grounds,  and  equipments,! 
$40,000;  production  endowment,  $00.5:51  ;  real  es 
tate,  $10,052;  beneficiary  fund.  $1250  ;  Centennial 
Hall  fund,  $471  ;  total,  Sll2,'.t04. 

Of  those  giving  the  larger  amounts,  James  For- 
sythe,  Grafton  Johnson,  and  William  Lowe  irave 
each  $5000,  in  cash;  Elbert  Slink  and  J.  L.  Allen 
gave  $5000  each,  part  cash  and  part  in  real  estate. 
There  are  seven  instructors,  including  the  two 
teachers  in  painting  and  music.  Another  tutor 
will  probably  be  added  this  year.  Botli  sexes  have 
had  the  advantages  of  the  college  since  1SO<).  The 
standard  of  scholarship  has  been  decidedly  ad 
vanced.  Rev.  AV.  X.  Wyeth  is  at  present  the  finan 
cial  agent. 

The  best  men  of  the  State  have  during  all  these 
years  worked  and  prayed  for  the  college  ;  many  of 
them  died  without  seeing  it  in  a. prosperous  state, 
but  their  prayers  are  being  answered.  Over  2000 
young  men  and  young  women  have  been  under  the 
instruction  of  the  college,  and  are  now  out  in  this 
and  other  States.  An  era  of  solid  prosperity  is  at 


last  dawning  for  Franklin  College.     Jubilee  year 
will  be  celebrated  in  1884. 
Frear,  George,  D.D.,  son  of  the  Rev.  William 

Frear,  was  born  in  Eaton,  Wyoming  Co.,  l'a.,-Iune 
21,  1831,  and  united  with  the  Eaton  church  in  Feb 
ruary,  184U.  He  graduated  from  the  University  at 
Lewisburg  in  1850,  and  from  the  theological  depart 
ment,  before  its  removal  to  Upland,  Delaware  Co., 
Pa.,  in  1S5S.  lie  was  ordained  in  Reading  in  1858. 


FRANKLIN    COLLEGE,    INDIANA. 

His  first  pastorate  in  the  city  of  Reading  was 
eminently  profitable  to  both  church  and  con^reira- 
tion.  After  several  years  of  labor  he  resigned,  and 
accepted  the  call  of  the  Xorristown  Baptist  church, 
and  after  two  years  of  service,  during  which  a  hand 
some  church  was  built,  he  was  summoned  to  take 
the  very  important  position  he  now  holds,  as  pastor 
of  the  Lewisburg  church,  under  the  shadow  of  the 
university  where  he  received  his  training  for  the 
work  of  the  ministrv. 

Freeman,  The,  the  oldest  weekly  newspaper  of 
the  Knglish  Baptists,  was  started  in  January,  1855, 
and  has  therefore  had  a  continuous  existence  of 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  Its  beirinnin"- 
was  due  to  the  zeal  of  a  few  earnest  Yorkshire  and 
Lancashire  Baptists,  among  whom  Benjamin  Evans, 
P.I).,  Revs.  Francis  Clowes.  W.  F.  Burchell,  Mr. 
John  lleaton.  and  Mr.  William  lleaton  were  prom 
inent  in  the  inception  and  management  of  the 
paper,  which  was  first  published  at  Leeds.  York 
shire.  Soon  afterwards,  having  commended  itself 
to  the  confidence  and  support  of  the  denomination 
and  won  the  approval  of  the  Associations,  the  pro 
prietors  transferred  the  publishing  office  to  London, 
the  editorial  department  being  then  in  charge  of 
the  Rev.  F.  Clowes,  formerly  classical  tutor  at  Ilor- 
ton  College;.  From  the  start  the  conductors  of  the 
paper  declared  it  to  be  their  object  to  foster  an 


FREEMAN 


414 


FREEMAN 


earnest  denominational  spirit  among  tho  Baptists, 
but  proclaimed  neutrality  on  tin;  doctrinal  and  ec 
clesiastical  differences  by  which  they  were  divided 
into  Particular  and  General,  and  Strict  and  Open- 
Communion  Baptists.  To  both  aims  the  paper  has 
been  faithful,  and  although  the  original  proprietors 
are  now  merged  into  the  Freeman  Newspaper  Com 
pany,  it  is  still  favored  with  the  support  of  Baptists 
generally.  Its  price  has  been  gradually  lowered 
from  fourpenee  halfpenny  to  the  present  popular 
price  of  one  penny  (two  cents  a  week).  Jt  is  un 
derstood  to  be  under  the  direction  of  an  editorial 
junto,  of  which  Joseph  Angus.  D.D.,  president  of 
Regent's  Park  College,  is  chief.  Tor  several  years 
the  late  Uev.  Kdward  Leach,  who  died  April,  1S80, 
was  the  laborious  and  faithful  sub-editor.  The 
Fret-man  may  be  obtained  from  the  publishers, 
Yates  &  Alexander,  21  Castle  Street,  Ilolborn, 
London. 

Freeman,  Kev.  Allen  B.,  was  born  in  New 

York  in  1808.  and  converted  at  the  age  of  about 
twelve  years,  lie  seems  to  have  been  licensed  to 
preach  by  a  church  in  Ohio,  but  returning  to  New 
York  in  1827  or  1828,  entered  at  the  Hamilton 
Literary  and  Theological  Institution,  graduating  in 
1833,  being  ordained  at  Hamilton,  with  two  or  three 
others,  immediately  after  his  graduation.  Having 
been  offered  an  appointment  as  missionary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  to  be 
stationed  at  Chicago,  he  accepted,  and  proceeded 
immediately  to  his  field  of  labor.  His  brief  but 
active  and  useful  ministry  was  not  confined  to  Chi 
cago.  Previous  to  the  organization  of  what  is  now 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  that  city,  he  had  already 
formed  one  at  the  place  now  called  Hadley.  The 
first  baptism  in  Lake  Michigan  was  by  him,  occur 
ring  in  April,  1834.  A  house  was  soon  built  at 
Chicago  under  his  leadership,  being  adapted  both 
for  school  and  church  purposes.  At  the  end  of 
November,  Js34,  Mr.  Freeman  went  to  Bristol  to 
organize  a  church  there,  baptizing  on  the  occasion, 
in  Fox  River,  a  young  man  afterwards  a  useful 
Illinois  missionary  and  pastor,  Rev.  ]).  Matlock. 
His  horse  failing  upon  the  return,  the  exposure  of 
a  long  journey  on  foot  brought  on  a  fever,  of  which 
he  died  Dec.  15,  1834,  greatly  lamented.  His  name 
and  memory  arc  most  affectionately  cherished  in 
Chicago  and  Northern  Illinois. 

Freeman,  Joseph,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Cole- 
rain.  Mass..  Sept.  1,  1802.  He  pursued  his  edu 
cation  in  Bethany  College,  and  studied  one  year  at 
Newton.  He  was  ordained  at  Ludlow,  Vt.,  June 
11,  1826,  where  he  was  pastor  for  some  time,  as 
also  in  Concord,  N.  II.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Cavendish.  A't.,  four  years;  at  Saxton's 
River  four  years  ;  at  Newport,  N.  II.,  three  years. 
His  other  settlements  were  at  New  Hampton,  N.  II., 
a^ain  for  a  short  time  at  Cavendish,  Vt.,  Ball- 


ston    Spa.    N.  Y.,  and  Yergennes,  Vt.     His   labors 
were  owned  of  God  to  the  joy  of  many  souls. 

Freeman,  Rev.  J.  T.,  a  prominent  Baptist  min 
ister  in  Mississippi,  and  president  of  the  Mississippi 
Baptist  Convention,  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1N22; 
educated  in  Randolph  Macon  College.  Va.,  and  in 
Tennessee  State  Agricultural  College:  settled  in 
Mississippi  in  184(>,  and  commenced  the  publica 
tion  of  a  political  paper;  not  long  afterwards  was 
.converted  and  began  to  preach:  in  18f)4-")5  was 
pastor  at  Clinton.  Miss.  In  1^57  was  elected  pres 
ident  of  the  State  Convention,  and  appointed  editor 
of  the  Missintiij>j>i.  liii/i/ist,  published  at  Jackson, 
until  the  war.  during  which  he  was  pastor  at  Lex 
ington  and  Durant:  in  1SIJ5  removed  to  Corinth, 
where  he  was  pastor  nine  years  :  is  at  present  pastor 
at  Starkville  and  West  Point. 

Freeman,  Rev.  Ralph,  was  born  a  slave  in 
Anson  Co..  N.  C.  Showing  line  gifts  as  a  preacher, 
his  white  brethren  bought  his  freedom,  ordained 
him.  and  sent  him  forth  to  preach  the  gospel,  which 
he  did  with  great  power  in  several  counties,  lie 
was  reckoned  so  good  a  preacher  that  he  was  often 
called  on  to  attend  the  funeral  services  of  white 
persons,  and  on  several  occasions  was  appointed  to 
preach  on  the  Sabbath  at  Associations.  Uev.  -James 
Magee  was  his  warm  friend,  and  traveled  and 
preached  much  with  him.  Such  was  their  attach 
ment  for  each  other  that  they  agreed  that  the  sur 
vivor  should  preach  the  funeral  sermon  of  the  one 
who  died  first.  Mr.  Magee  moved  to  the  West  and 
died  first.  On  his  death-bed  he  bequeathed  to  his 
colored  brother  his  riding-horse,  overcoat.  Bible 
and  lil'tv  dollars,  and  requested  his  family  to  send 
for  Mr.  Freeman  to  attend  his  funeral.  He  went 
to  Tennessee  and  buried  Mr.  Magee.  and  the  large 
congregation  which  he  addressed  made  him  a  pres 
ent  of  fifty  dollars.  He  lived  to  a  good  old  age  and 
died  respected  by  all. 

Freeman,  Judge  Thomas  J.,  was  born  in  Gib 
son  Co.,  Tenn..  four  miles  south  of  Trenton,  the 
county-seat,  July  19,  1827.  In  youth  he  had  a 
ready  memory,  a  great  love  for  books,  and  he  read 
extensively.  At  fifteen  years  of  age  he  made  a  pro 
fession  of  religion,  arid  joined  Spring  Hill  Baptist 
church.  He  then  commenced  reading  all  kinds  of 
theological  works  that  came  in  his  way.  old  books 
such  as  his  father's  library  afforded,  or  could  be 
had  from  neighbors.  lie  read  "  Wesley  on  Origi 
nal  Sin,''  doctrinal  tracts.  "Fuller's  Reply  to 
Priestley."  and  other  works  of  their  character. 
When  a  young  man.  he  was  once  reading  in 
"Blair's  Rhetoric"  the  chapter  on  "  Eloquence  of 
the  Pulpit,  Bar,  and  Forum."  and  his  destiny  was 
fixed.  He  decided  to  be  a  lawyer.  This  was  in 
his  seventeenth  year.  In  March,  before  he  was 
eighteen,  he  commenced  the  study  of  law.  He 
followed  this  pursuit  at  home  in  the  country,  some- 


FRKK  ^fISSIOX  SOCIETY 


415 


FRKE  MI  SSI  OX  SOCIETY 


times  by  the  light  of  a  splint-wood  fire.  While 
doing  so  he  occasionally  taught  school.  In  Jan 
uary,  1848,  he  went  to  Trenton,  and  studied  in  the 
office  of  Mr.  Raines.  At  twenty-one  years  of  age 
he  was  licensed  by  Judge  Calvin  Jones,  chancellor 
of  his  district,  and  Hon.  W.  B.  Turly,  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  he  opened  an 
office  at  Trenton,  with  faint  prospects  of  success. 
He  studied  closely,  and  read,  he  supposes,  nearly 
every  standard  author  in  the  language.  His  special 
taste,  however,  has  been  for  metaphysical  study  and 
philosophic  theology,  the  science,  so  to  speak,  of 
religion.  lie  believes  in  the  gospel  of  Jesus,  and 
does  not  hesitate  to  avow  it.  At  twenty-five  years 
of  age  he  ran  against  Mr.  Etheridge  for  Congress, 
and  greatly  reduced  his  majority. 

As  a  lawyer  Judge  Freeman  stood  very  high. 
Under  the  new  constitution,  in  1870,  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  after  his  first 
term  he  was  re-elected,  and  lie  still  holds  this  po 
sition  with  great  honor  and  ability.  In  protracted 
meetings  he  is  very  efficient,  leading  in  prayers  and 
exhortations,  and  giving  instructions  and  spiritual 
advice  to  inquirers.  He  is  now,  and  has  been  for 
a  number  of  years,  an  active  member  of  the  Trenton 
church,  of  which  Rev.  Dr.  M.  Hillsman  is  the  pastor. 

Free  Mission  Society,  American  Baptist.— 

This  organization  was  an  outgrowth  of  the  more 
radical  anti-slavery  feeling  among  Baptists  in  the 
United  States  and  their  missionaries  in  Burmali. 

In  184(1,  a  convention  of  earnest  men  formed 
in  New  York  a  ''Foreign  Provisional  Missionary 
Committee,"  which  continued  until  May,  ]84.'>, 
when  they  took  a  wider  range  at  a  meeting  held  in 
Tremont  Temple,  Boston.  They  had  sought  to  pro 
cure  two  changes  in  the  organization  now  known 
as  the  "  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union.''  One 
•was  a  pronounced  severance  from  all  slavery  influ 
ence,  and  the  other  was  a  more  strict  recognition 
of  church  representation  and  control  in  the  work 
of  missions.  They  failed  to  gain  either  point. 
Seventeen  of  the  number  withdrew,  and  after  earn 
est  prayer  signed  the  following  declaration,  drawn 
up  by  William  Henry  Brisbane,  who  had  previously 
manumitted  a  large  number  of  slaves  inherited  by 
him  in  South  Carolina: 

"We,  whoso  names  are  undersigned,  solemnly 
pledge  ourselves  to  God  and  one  another  to  unite 
in  the  support  of  a  Baptist  Missionary  Society,  with 
a  constitution  yet  to  be  adopted,  that  shall  be  dis 
tinctly  and  thoroughly  separated  from  all  connec 
tion  with  the  known  avails  of  slavery  in  the  sup 
port  of  any  of  its  benevolent  purposes.'' 

Upon  this  platform  a  constitution  was  adopted 
and  officers  chosen.  About  the  same  time  the 
Southern  Baptists  seceded  from  the  national  Bap 
tist  foreign  mission  organization,  and  formed  the 
*'  Southern  Baptist  Convention." 


The  Free-Missionists  went  on  with  their  work 
for  over  twenty-seven  years.  They  established  a 
mission  in  Hayti,  and  also  in  Japan.  They  sent 
nine  missionaries  to  Ilayti,  and  they  had  eleven  in 
Burmali.  some  of  whom  had  previously  been  in  the 
service  of  the  Missionary  Union  ;  they  sent  three  to 
Africa,  two  to  Japan,  eighteen  to  the  home  field 
west  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  and  about  thirty 
to  the  South,  mostly  during  and  shortly  after  the 
war. 

In  some  departments  of  mental  and  moral  prog 
ress  the  managers  of  the  American  Baptist  Free 
Mission  Society  were  emphatically  pioneers.     They 
aided    English    Baptists    in   sustaining  the   Dawn 
Institute,  in   Canada,  composed  of  fugitives  from 
the  South.     They  founded  the  college  at  McGraw- 
ville,  Cortland  Co..   N.  Y..  which  was  opened  to 
,  students   irrespective  of  color  or  sex.       After   the 
j  war.  they  aided  in  establishing  Iceland  University, 
;  at  New  Orleans,  largely  endowed  by  H.  Chamberlin 
and  wife,  of  Brooklyn,  X.  Y. 

The  society  was  served  by  cultured  and  forcible 
writers,  as  Ka/.litt  Arvine.  Cyrus  Pitt  Grosvenor, 
Warham  Walker.  .101111  Duer,  deceased,  and  Nathan 
Brown  among  the  living. 

A\  liile  in  active  operation,  the  society  raised  and 
expended  from  S3000  to  Sl^'.OdO  per  year.  Its  sup 
porters  were  found  among  Baptists  wherever  the 
English  language  was  read  or  spoken. 

There  were  some  differences  between  the  Mission 
ary  Union  and  the  society  as  to  life-memberships, 
and  also  as  to  the  relations  between  those  dispensing 
the  funds  in  trust  and  those  at  work  on  mission 
fields.  Some  preferred  one  and  some  the  other 
medium.  In  the  course  of  time  this  friction  became 
less,  and  their  relations  became  measurably  ad 
justed. 

The  war  rendered  needless  the  existence  of  the 
society,  and  at  a  meeting  in  Laight  Street  chapel, 
New  York.  May.  1S7-.  it  was  voted  to  suspend  its 
operations,  except  so  far  as  was  necessary  to  exe 
cute  trusts  and  perpetuate  legacies.  The  Hayti 
mission  was  transferred  to  the  "  Consolidated  Bap 
tist  Missionary  Convention,''  and  the  Japan  mis 
sion  to  the  Union,  which  also  cared  for  the  Burman 
field. 

The  last  president  of  the  society,  Albert  L.  Post, 
visited  Great  Britain  in  its  behalf  in  18Gf>-f>6,  and 
is  commissioned  to  prepare  its  memorial  volume, 
to  which,  when  issued,  the  reader  is  referred  for  a 
more  complete  record.  Most  of  its  members  were 
among  the  foremost  promoters  of  temperance;  they 
opposed  secret  societies,  and  the  use  of  such  titles 
as  "  Rev.,"  '  D.D.,"  etc.,  among  Christian  brethren  ; 
and  they  advocated  higher  recognitions  of  woman's 
work  and  wages.  But  these  were  rather  incidental 
and  personal  matters,  not  included  in  the  original 
definition  of  the  specific  object  of  the  society. 


FREE-WILL 


410 


FREE-WILL 


Free-Will.— -M"*  is  purfi-cthj  free  to  xin.     Tliis 
statement  isun<leni:il)lo.    \Vhen  he  becomes  adrunk- 

ard  it  is  to  please  himself;  and  when  he  is  covetous 
to  meanness,  or  dishonesty,  when  he  is  guilty  of 
licentious  acts,  when  he  provokes  Clod  hy  his 
hlasphe.inies.  and  when  with  wieked  hands  he  slays 
his  neighbor,  ht>  commits  these  crimes  to  gratify 
himself.  And  the  same  doctrine  is  true  with  refer 
ence  to  all  his  transgressions.  No  man  on  trial  in 
court  would  venture  to  urge,  as  an  excuse  for  his 
criminal  acts,  that  he  was  compelled  to  commit 
them,  unless  indeed  phy.-ical  lore.'  was  used:  and 
if  he  oll'ered  such  a  plea  every  judge  and  jury  in 
the  world  would  regard  this  false  pretense  as  an 
aggravation  of  his  guilt.  Satan  can  only  tempt 
men  to  sin,  he  cannot  coerce  them  to  commit  it. 
lie  possesses  a  -Treat  intellect,  vast  experience,  un 
wearied  perseverance,  and  hosts  of  agents;  never 
theless,  if  men  resist  the  devil  lie  will  tlee  from 
them.  Every  man's  consciousness  tells  him  that 
he  sins  liecause  of  his  own  personal  wishes,  and 
not  liecause  of  outride  force.  Hainan  planned  to 
murder  Mordecai.  not  for  Satan's  pleasure  but  his 
own  :  Ananias  and  his  wife  kept  back  part  of  the 
price,  not  to  gratify  the  prince  of  darkness,  but  to 
satisfv  their  own  covetous  hearts.  The  testimony 
of  human  consciousness  proves  that  men  sin  because 
they  themselves  resolve  upon  it.  And  if  we  can 
not  believe  our  consciousness  upon  this  question  we 
cannot  believe  it  about  anything.  We  must  reject 
its  utterances  when  it  tells  us  that  we  are  living,  or 
walking,  or  speaking,  or  working.  To  reject  the 
evidence  of  our  consciousness  about  our  sins  coming 
solely  from  ourselves,  would  compel  us  to  discard  be 
lief  in  all  our  experiences.  Either  then  our  sins  are 
our  own,  or  we  can  believe  nothing,  and  our  con 
sciousness  is  but  a  constant  instrument  of  deception. 
From  the  fall  of  our  first  parents  in  Eden  down  to 
the  hist  record  of  guilt  in  the  Scriptures.  Clod  invari 
ably  assumes  the  responsibility  of  men  for  their 
sins:  and  in  a  great  many  instances  he  asserts  it; 
and  this  responsibility  rests  upon  their  freedom. to 
sin. 

Mi tn  Jiu*  lost  his  Ulicrly  t<>  serve  Cod.  Paul  says, 
Eph.  ii.  1,  "  You  hath  he  quickened  who  were  (lend 
in  trespasses  and  sins.''  The  death  of  which  he 
speaks  is  a  moral  death  ;  it  represents  men  without 
Christ  as  destitute  of  all  power  to  turn  to  Jesus. 
AVhen  a  man  is  ''dead  drunk"  he  cannot  reason,  he 
cannot  walk,  he  is  stupid  and  helpless.  So  the  un 
saved  are  under  the  curse  of  sinful  intoxication,  and 
they  are  dead  to  all  the  claims  of  God.  and  to  all 
the  charms  of  a  loving  Saviour  ;  and  left  to  them 
selves,  they  would  never  seek  or  find  salvation.  The 
Saviour  says,  John  vi.  44,  •'  Xo  man  can  come  to 
me,  except  the  Father  who  hath  sent  me  draw  him." 
There  is  a  lack  of  moral  ability  in  every  human 
heart  to  come  to  Jesus  till  the  drawings  of  grace  lift 


the  man  from  his  helplessness  and  slavery  and 
place  him  at  the  feet  of  Jesus.  The  impenitent  man 
might  be  compared  to  Samson  when  his  hair  was 
shorn  ;  the  great  Israelite  was  robbed  of  his  eyes, 
thrust  into  prison,  bound  with  fetters  of  brass,  and 
he  did  grind  in  the  prison  :  and  the  only  power  he 
had  was  to  inflict  death  :  for  when  the  Philistines 
were  feasting  in  the  temple  of  J>agon.  Samson  sei/.ed 
two  of  the  pillars  and  the  house  fell,  killing  him 
self  and  three  thousand  of  his  enemies.  The  un- 
regenerate  man  has  lost  his  moral  eyesight,  he  is 
in  the  prison  of  unbelief,  he  is  chained  by  sinful 
habits,  he  is  grinding  this  world's  grist,  and  he  has 
only  strength  to  destroy  his  own  soul  and  the  souls 
of  others.  The  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith, 
in  Article  IX..  says  truly,  "  .Man  in  a  state  of  inno- 
ceiicy  had  freedom  and  power,  to  will  and  to  do  that 
which  was  good,  and  well  pleasing  to  (lod.  .  .  . 
Man  by  his  fall  into  a  state  of  sin  hath  wholly  lost 
all  his  ability  of  will,  to  any  spiritual  good  accom 
panying  salvation,  so  as  a  natural  man,  being  al 
together  averse  from  that  good,  and  dead  in  sin,  is 
not  able  by  his  own  strength  to  convert  himself, 
or  to  prepare  himself  thereunto. 

The  pulxli'd  will  oj'  an  unsaved  until  /.•>•  made  free 
to  serve  (lod  by  the  Holy  Spirit.  When  the  C"iu- 
forter  smote  the  heart  of  persecuting  Saul  his  op 
position  to  Christ  instantly  perUhed.  and  his  earnest 
cry  was,  '•  Lord,  what  wilt  tliou  have  me  to  do?" 
An  iron  paralysis  held  the  will  of  Paul  in  its  re 
sistless  power,  so  that  he  was  approvingly  helpless 
to  exercise  any  faculty  of  his  soul  for  God  until  the 
Comforter  made  his  heart  the  temple  of  Jehovah, 
and  beiran  to  "  work  in  him  both  to  wilt  and  to  do 
of  his  good  pleasure.''  It  is  through  this  blessed 
working  that  God's  "  people  are  willing  in  the  day 
of  his  power"  to  render  obedience  or  to  make  pain 
ful  sacrifices.  The  will  of  man,  so  fret;  to  sin,  so 
powerless  to  decide  for  Christ's  service,  is  strength 
ened  and  sanctified  by  the  Spirit  in  conversion,  and 
receives  his  assistance  ever  afterwards  to  steadfastly 
steer  the  soul  for  a  heavenly  port. 

Men  are  conscious  that  they  are  free  to  sin,  and 
when  they  are  brought  into  the  liberty  wherewith 
Christ  makes  his  people  free,  they  are  conscious 
that  God's  Spirit  has  given  them  deliverance  from 
the  bondage  of  unbelief,  and  they  are  conscious 
that  their  renewed  hearts  willingly  love  and  serve 
the  Saviour. 

Free-Will  Baptists,  or  (as  some  of  them  choose 
to  lie  called)  Free  Baptists,  are  found  chiefly  in  the 
northern  portion  of  our  country,  particularly  in 
Xew  England,  and  extend  into  the  British  prov 
inces.  They  now  (1SSO)  count  77.041  members, 
1440  churches,  1280  ordained  ministers,  102  licensed 
preachers,  2  colleges  with  theological  departments, 
and  0  lesser  schools.  They  have  a  weekly  paper, 
The  Morning  Star,  and  a  book-publishing  house. 


FREE-WILL 


417 


FR  KXC'JI 


The  denomination  originated  in  17SO.  Its  founder 
was  Benjamin  Randall,  of  Xe\v  Castle,  afterwards 
of  New  Dunham,  X.  II..  \vlio  was  converted  under 
Whitefield,  and  who  at  first  united  with  "  tlie 
standing  order," — Congregational  is  ts, — then  with 
the  regular  Baptists,  till  disfellowshipped  for  re 
jecting  certain  Calvinistic  sentiments.  lie  finally, 
June  2cS,  17SO,  organized  the  church  at  New  Dun 
ham.  The  denomination  began  with  the  simple 
name  of  Baptists,  soon  derisively  styled  "  Free-Wil- 
lers.''  but  they  shortly  adopted  the  name  Free-Will 
Baptists,  as  this  best  designated  their  marked  pecu 
liarity.  They  are  Trinitarian.  Arminian.  evangel 
ical  :  holding  to  immersion  but  practising  open 
communion  ;  in  church  government  independent. — 
that  is.  strictly  congregational  :  yet,  for  advice  and 
helpfulness,  having  quarterly  meetings  of  churches, 
yearly  meetings  of  quarterly  meetings,  and  a  Gen- 
eral  or  Triennial  Conference  of  yearly  meetings. 
They  emphasize  a  free  salvation  and  the  freedom 
(if  the  will,  and  reject  the  doctrine  of  the  final 
perseverance  of  the  saints. 

From  the  Xew  Dunham  church,  as  a  mother, 
their  churches  have  sprung,  though  they  have  re 
ceived  additions  from  other  quarters;  notablv  from 
the  Free-Communion  Baptists  of  Central  Xew 
\  ork,  who  joined  <-n  iinixsc  in  1S4I  ;  from  the  de 
clining  Six-Principle  Baptists  of  Rhode  Island  ; 
and  from  some  churches  once  styled  Xew  Lights,  or 
Separatists.  Recently  accessions  have  been  re 
ceived  from  churches  at  the  South  and  West  holding 
similar  views.  The  earlv  preachers  were;  not  as  a 
rule  educated  men,  but  a  great  change  lias  taken 
place  in  this  particular.  The  leading  ministers, 
now  deceased,  have  been  Benjamin  Randall,  John 
Burrell,  John  Colby.  Daniel  .Marks,  Martin  Cheney, 
Elias  Hutchins,  Ehenezer  Knowlton,  George  T. 
Day.  Meanwhile  gifted  women  have  received  rec 
ognition  in  the  pulpit. 

The  General  Conference  was  formed  in  1S27. 
The  Free-Will  Baptist  Foreign  Mission  Societv  was 
Organized  in  1S'>.'».  and  has  a  vigorous  mission  in 
India,  to  which  Rev.  Jeremiah  Phillips  devoted  his 
life  (dying  in  1S71)).  and  now  reporting  six  stations 
and  a  training-school  for  native  preachers.  In  1  s:->4 
was  formed  their  Home  Mission  Society,  in  which 
the  leader  has  been  the  venerable  Rev.  Silas  Cur 
tis,  of  Concord,  X.  II.,  and  this  society  has  done 
efficient  work  among  the  colored  people  of  the 
South.  An  Education  Society  was  organized  in 
1840,  and  has  happily  fostered  learning  in  the  de 
nomination,  so  that  it  now  claims  Ilillsdale  Col 
lege,  Mich.,  and  Bates  College,  Me.,  with  theologi 
cal  schools  attached  :  also  schools  at  Pittsfield.  Me., 
New  Hampton,  N.  II.,  Rio  Grande,  0.,  Ridgeville, 
Ind.,  Milton  Junction.  Iowa,  and  Stover  Normal 
School,  at  Harper's  Ferry,  W.  ATa.,  for  colored  stu 
dent*.  Their  periodical,  The  Morniny  /SVar,  was 


started  in  1S.2(>,  published  at  Dover,  N.  II.  Wil 
liam  Burr  was  its  originator,  arid  for  many  years 
its  able  editor.  It  is  issued  by  the  publishing 
house  of  the  denomination  and  managed  by  a  board 
of  thirteen  corporators.  Rev.  J.  M.  Brewster.  of 
Providence,  R.  I.,  is  the  author  of  the  ''History 
of  the  Free  Baptists  of  Rhode  Island  and  Vicinity," 
in  an  address  delivered  May  19, 1880,  and  published 
in  the  Centennial  Minutes;  also  of  the  "  History 
of  the  Missions  of  the  Free-Will  Baptists,"  pub 
lished  during  their  centennial  year.  The  author  is 
now  one  of  the  leading  ministers  and  writers  of 
the  denomination,  and  to  him  we  are  indebted  for 
the  material  of  this  sketch.  The  "History  of  the 
Free-Will  Baptists  for  First  Half-Century"  was 
written  by  Rev.  J.  D.  Stewart,  and  published  in 
Isiil.  A  volume  entitled  "Christian  Theology." 
giving  views  from  the  denominational  stand-point, 
was  issued  by  Rev.  John  J.  Butler  in  1S02. 

French,  George  R.,  in   his  seventy-ninth  year, 
but  still  active  and  useful,  was  born  in  Fall  llivcr, 

;  Mass.,  Jan.  '24,  1S02-.  lived  in  Darien,  Ga..  in  ISl'.t, 
and  settled  in  Wilmington,  N.  C.,  in  1S22;  was 

j  baptized  in  1S27  by  Rev.  James  McDariiel  ;  was 
the  leading  spirit  in  building  the  first  Baptist  meet- 

|  ing-house  of  Wilmington,  and  next  to  Rev.  John 
L.  Prichard.  is  entitled  to  the  largest  measure  of 
credit  in  the  erection  of  the  present  edifice,  very 

I  much  the  handsomest  church  edifice  in  the  State. 
Mr.  French  is  a  very  successful  business  man  ;  has 
been  director  and  president  of  the  Bank  of  Wil 
mington,  director  in  the  Bank  of  Cape  Fear,  in 
A\  ilmington  Gas  Company,  and  other  corporations. 
For  many  years  he  lias  been  a  trustee  of  Wake 
Forest  College,  and  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of 
the  American  Sunday-School  Union. 

French,  Rev.  James,  was  born  April  1,  1S15, 

at  North  Hampton,  N.  II.;  son  of  Rev.  Jonathan 
French,  D.D.,  Congregational  minister  in  that  town 
over  fifty  years,  and  grandson  of  Rev.  Jonathan 
French,  of  Andover,  Mass.  He  is  a  descendant  in 
the  eighth  generation  from  John  Alden  and  Pris- 
cilla  Mullens  of  "Mayflower"  fame.  His  mother 
was  Rebecca  Farrar.  the  only  sister  of  Prof.  John 
Farrar.  of  Harvard  University.  He  went  West  as 
a  teacher  in  IS ;->.">.  became  a  Baptist  from  convic 
tion  while  preparing  for  the  ministry  in  the  Pres 
byterian  Church,  was  baptized  by  Rev.  John  L. 
Moore  at  Springfield.  0..  and  ordained  at  Lima,  0. 
He  labored  as  missionary  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society  in  Ohio  and  Indiana,  then 
returned  to  New  England,  and  was  settled  as  pastor 
at  Exeter,  N.  II.,  and  afterwards  at  Ilolyoke.  Mass., 
in  which  last-mentioned  place  the  first  Baptist 
house  of  worship  was  built  during  his  pastorate. 
He  has  since  for  nearly  twenty-five  years  been  con 
nected  with  the  Baptist  denominational  mission 
societies  in  the  capacity  of  financial  agent  or  dis- 


418 


FRISTOK 


trict  secretary.  During  the  last  ten  years  he  lia 
labored  more  as  superintendent  of  our  Baptist  mi> 
sions  on  the  frontier,  with  a  field  a  portion  of  hi 
time  extending  from  the  Mississippi  Kiver  to  th 


KKV.   .IAMES     FRKNCII. 

Pacific  Ocean.  In  connection  with  this  work  he 
had  charge  of  a  valuable  tract  of  land  known  as 
the  "  Potter  legacy,"  in  and  around  I>envcr.  from 
which  he  realized  during  the  last  year  of  his  labors 
West,  for  both  our  Foreign  and  Home  .Mission  So 
cieties,  some  S45,0(M).  He  was  called  to  superintend 
the  Philadelphia  Baptist  City  Mission,  which  call 
lie  accepted,  and  entered  upon  his  new  missionary 
work  in  Philadelphia  on  the  1st  of  August,  1880. 

French,  Judge  Richard,  a  distinguished  lawyer 
and  statesman,  was  born  in  Madison  Co.,  Ky.,  June 
23.  1792.  He  was  the  son  of  James  French,  a  promi 
nent  citizen  among  the  first  settlers  of  Kentucky. 
Richard  French  was  educated  at  Mount  Sterling, 
Montgomery  Co.,  Ky.  At  an  early  age  he  estab 
lished  himself  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Winchester. 
In  1820  he  was  a  member  of  the  Legislature,  and 
again  in  1S22.  In  1828  he  was  appointed  circuit 
j ud ire  of  his  district,  and  served  in  that  capacity  till 
1835,  when  he  resigned,  and  was  elected  to  a  seat 
in  Congress,  where  he  served  three  terms.  In  18-10 
he  was  the  unsuccessful  candidate  for  governor. 
After  this  he  served  two  terms  in  Congress.  In 
1850  he  removed  to  Covington,  and  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  medicine,  but  his  health  failing  soon 
afterwards,  he  moved  to  the  country,  where  he  died, 
in  Kenton  Co.,  Ky.,  May  1,  1854. 

Judge  French  was  a  man  of  great  purity  and  in- 


te-rritv.  lie  united  with  a  Baptist  church  near  his 
residence,  and  was  baptized  in  1847.  by  his  early 
law  partner,  the  distinguished  Dr.  Dillard.  He 
left  three  sons,  who  are  members  of  Baptist 
churches,  two  of  whom  are  prominent  lawyers  in 
Winchester,  and  have  served  as  judges  of  the 
( 'ountv  Court. 

Frey,  Rev.  James,  Sr.,  was  born  in  Mifllin  Co., 
Pa..  Jan.  10,  17'.):!.  In  1822  he  removed  to  Ohio. 
He  was  baptized  in  May,  1823.  He  was  ordained 
to  the  work  of  the  ministry  by  the  Beulah  church, 
in  Muskiniruni  Co.,  0.  His  field  of  labor,  until 
1803,  was  in  Central  Ohio,  doing  principally  pioneer 
work  and  preaching  to  feeble  churches.  In  18d3 
he  removed  to  Iowa,  and  settled  near  Sigourney, 
where  he  spent  his  declining  years,  preaching,  as 
opportunity  opened,  until  the  close  of  his  life.  He 
died  Jan.  3.  1S80. 

Frey,  Rev.  James,  Jr.,  son  of  Uev.  James  Frey, 
Sr..  wao  born  in  Clay,  Knox  Co..()..  April  20,  1S27. 
He  was  baptized  in  August,  1845.  After  com 
pleting  his  education  he  was  ordained  in  the  Hope- 
well  church,  Muskingum  Co..  0..  in  April,  1851. 
His  first  pastorate  was  with  the  Tomaka  church, 
commencing  in  April,  1851.  and  closing  in  August, 
1>5().  He  then  came  to  Iowa  and  settled  in  Si 
gourney.  He  has  been  identified  with  the  Baptists 
of  Iowa  almost  from  their  first  settlement  in  the 
State.  Few  pastors  remain  in  it  who  were  there 
at  the  commencement  of  his  ministry,  lie  is  still 
pastor  at  Sigourney. 

Friley,  Rev.  William  C.,  State  evangelist  and 
corresponding  secretary  of  Louisiana  Baptist  Con 
vention,  was  born  in  Mississippi  in  1845;  gradu 
ated  at  Mississippi  College  in  1871  ;  was  pastor  at 
Vazoo  City,  Miss.,  three  years;  became  pastor  at 
Trenton,  La.,  in  187').  and  the  year  following  or 
ganized  a  church  at  Monroe,  on  the  opposite  side 
of  Ouachita  River.  These  two  churches  greatly 
prospered  under  his  ministry,  and  they  surrendered 
him  reluctantly  to  his  present  work.  His  labors 
as  an  evangelist  have  been  eminently  successful. 

Fristoe,  Prof.  Edward  T.,  LL.D.,  son   of 

Joseph  and  Martha  Fristoe,  was  born  in  Rappa- 
hannock  Co.,  Va.,  Dec.  1C),  1829.  lie  received  his 
early  training  at  a  school  in  the  neighborhood,  and 
at  the  age  of  seventeen  entered  the  Virginia  Mili 
tary  Institute,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1846 
with  the  highest  honors.  lie  was  for  ten  years 
principal  of  an  academy  at  Surrey  Court-House, 
Ya.  In  1852  he  entered  the  University  of  Virginia, 
and  graduated  in  all  the  academic  schools  in  three 
years,  receiving  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  in 
1855.  While  at  the  university  he  excelled  es 
pecially  in  mathematics  and  the  natural  sciences. 
During  his  residence  there  he  was  baptized  by  Dr. 
J.  A.  Broadus,  and  united  with  the  Charlottesville 
church.  In  1855,  while  yet  a  student,  he  was 


FRIST  OE 


419 


elected  to  the  chair  of  Mathematics  in  the  Colum 
bian  College,  Washington,  1).  C.,  which  position  he 
held  with  great,  acceptance  until  I860,  when  he  re 
signed  to  accept  the  chair  of  Mathematics  and  As- 


PKOF.   EDWARD    T.    FRISTOK,    I.I..1). 

tronomy  in  the  State  University  of  Missouri.  While 
there  the  war  broke  out,  and  Prof.  Fristoe  was 
offered  several  high  positions  in  the  Confederate 
provisional  army  of  Missouri,  which,  however,  for 
tlie  time  being  he  declined.  Jn  1862  he  left  the 
university,  and  was  appointed  assistant  adjutant- 
general  in  the  Confederate  army  of  South  Missouri. 
In  1803  he  was  elected  major  of  a  battalion,  and 
soon  after  appointed  a  colonel  ofcavalrv.  In  1864  he 
joined  (Jen.  Price  in  his  march  from  the  Arkansas  to 
the  Missouri  River.  After  the  close  of  the  war,  in 
18(  "),  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  Chemistry  in 
the  Columbian  College,  which  position  he  still 
holds.  In  1871  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of 
Chemistry  in  the  Xational  Medical  College  of  the 
Columbian  University;  and  in  1872  he  was  chosen 
lecturer  on  Chemistry  in  the  National  College  of 
Pharmacy,  Washington,  D.  C.  In  1872  he  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  William  Jewell  College, 
Mo.,  and  in  1874  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  (Doctor  of 
Pharmacy;  from  the  National  College  of  Pharmacy. 
Prof.  Fristoe,  owing  to  his  pressing  labors,  has  not 
published  anything  except  a  few  occasional  ad 
dresses  before  different  societies.  He  is  an  active 
member  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Washington, 
and  one  of  its  deacons. 

Fristoe,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Stafford 
Co.,  Va.,  about  the  year   1742.     He  was  baptized 


by  the  Rev.  David  Thomas  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
one,  and  being  apt  to  teach,  he  was  soon  ordained 
by  the  Chapawamsick  church,  of  which  he  was 
called  to  act  as  pastor,  after  he  had  obtained  a 
license  from  the  legal  authorities.  His  labors  in 
the  church  were  very  successful,  and  large  num 
bers  were  added  to  its  membership.  He  also 
traveled  extensively  through  Virginia,  and  was 
instrumental  in  forming  several  new  churches. 
He  attended  the  Bnckmarsh  church  regularly 
once  a  month,  although  it  was  seventy  miles  dis 
tant  from  his  home.  Besides  Chapawamsick.  he 
supplied  several  churches  regularly. — Brentown. 
Hartwood,  Grove,  and  Rockhill.  In  1787  he  re 
moved  to  Shenandoah  County,  and  became  pastor  of 
the  Broad  Run  church,  in  Fauquier  County,  which 
position  he  held  until  the  year  In-fore  his  death. 
His  influence  was  large  among  his  fellow-ministers, 
and  his  practical  sagacity  and  experience  made  him 
prominent  at  all  public  meetings,  and  particularly 
at  the  Ketockton  Association,  the  first  formed  in 
Virginia.  Mr.  Fristoe  was  very  skillful  in  dis 
cussions,  which  wen1  often  forced  upon  our  pioneer 
ministers  in  Virginia,  and  impressive  in  preaching. 
lie  was  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  Scriptures, 
as  were  all  the  ministers  of  that  time  :  his  language 
was  plain,  strong,  and  nervous,  and  his  manner 
solemn,  always  speaking  as  one  having  authority. 
Some  of  the  most  prominent  preachers  of  Virginia 
acknowledged  him  as  their  spiritual  father.  — Luns- 
ford.  Mason,  and  Hickerson  receiving  the  tidings 
of  peace  from  his  lips.  Mr.  Fristoe  was  inter 
ested  in  missions,  although  the  spirit  of  the  times 
was  generally  indifferent  or  hostile  to  their  prose 
cution,  urging  collections  at  different  Associations 
for  foreign  and  domestic  missions.  In  ISO'.)  he  pub 
lished  a  small  work,  entitled  "  The  History  of  the 
Ketockton  Baptist  Association."  which,  in  addition 
to  the  main  object,  refers  to  the  history  of  the  de 
nomination  throughout  Virginia,  and  especially  to 
the  persecutions  they  suffered,  and  the  sentiments 
for  which  they  were  distinguished.  The  work  con 
tains  many  interesting  facts.  He  died  Au«r.  14. 
1828,  in  his  eighty-sixth  year,  having  been  labori 
ously  and  successfully  engaged  in  the  work  of  the 
ministry  for  more  than  sixty  years.  One  who  knew 
him  well  has  said.  "  He  was.  perhaps,  excelled  by 
no  man  in  the  State  in  point  of  Biblical  knowledge, 
and  for  pious  walk  and  unblemished  character," 

Frost,  Adoniram  Judson,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Parishville,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  12,  1837:  converted  and 
baptized  at  eighteen  ;  entered  the  St.  Lawrence 
Academy  at  Potsdam  at  twenty  :  at  twenty-four 
was  licensed  to  preach  ;  took  the  full  college  and 
theological  courses  at  Hamilton,  and  graduated 
with  high  honor  in  18(57.  lie  was  pastor  at  Syra 
cuse,  N.  Y.,  Bay  City,  Mich.,  and  of  the  University 
Place  church,  Chicago,  111.  In  1876  he  removed  to 


FROST 


420 


FULLKR 


California;  was  three  years  pastor  :it  San  -Jose,  and 
in  1ST',)  took  charge  of  the  First  church  at  Sacra 
mento.  In  JS7S  California  College  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  !>.!>.  I'r.  Frost  has  a  command 
ing  presence  and  genial  countenance  ;  has  a  rich 
voice  and  magnetic  eloquence:  he  instantly  fastens 
the  attention  of  his  hearers,  whether  as  preacher 
or  presiding  ollicer.  His  hroad  sympathies  give 
liim  u'reat  influence  over  men  :  his  independence 
inspires  courage.  His  mind  is  vigorous,  analytical, 
strong.  He  investigates  his  subject  with  resolu 
tion,  pursues  it  to  the  end  with  fidelity,  and  forces 
conviction.  His  ministry  is  marked  with  great 
success  in  winning  souls  am!  strengthening  churches. 
He  has  much  influence  among  his  brethren  in  all 
the  churches  of  California,  and  is  one  of  their 
most  inlluential  counselors  and  officers  in  Asso- 
ciational.  educational,  Sunday-school,  and  mission 
ary  organizations. 
Frost,  Rev.  James  Madison,  a  devoted  and 

learned  minister  of  -Jesus,  was  born  of  pious  Bap 
tist  parents,  in  Jessamine  Co.,  Ky..  Sept.  '2.  Isi:1,. 
In  his  eighth  year  his  parents  removed  to  Washing 
ton  Co.,  Mo.,  where  he  grew  up  to  manhood.  Here 
he  was  bapti/.ed  by  -Joseph  King,  and  joined  Car- 
tois  Baptist  church.  Sept.  11,  iNol.  Was  licensed 
to  preach -July.  1S:!2,  and  ordained  December.  ISoo. 
Feeling  the  insufficiency  of  his  education,  he;  en 
tered  Shurtleir  College  in  1S34.  Here  he  re 
mained  three  years  in  the  literary  and  theological 
departments.  Two  of  his  classmates  were  the 
learned  Dr.  Samuel  Baker,  now  of  Kentucky,  and 
llev.  Xoah  Flood,  late  of  Missouri.  On  leaving 
college,  Mr.  Frost  accepted  the  pastorate  of  Potosi 
church,  Washington  Co.,  Mo.  In  September. 
ISoS.  he  returned  to  Kentucky,  where  he  took 
charge  of  Mount  Vernon  church,  in  AVoodford 
County.  In  1S40  lie  became  pastor  of  the  church 
at  Frankfort.  His  health  failing,  he  removed  to 
Georgetown  in  184:],  and  became  financial  agent  of 
the  Baptist  General  Association  of  Kentucky.  In 
1S4C)  he  took  charge  of  the  First  church,  in  Cov- 
ington.  After  this  he  was  at  different  periods  pas 
tor  at  Georgetown,  Cave  Run.  New  Liberty,  llar- 
rodsburg,  Madison  Street  church,  in  Covington,  and 
South  Klkliorn,  all  in  Kentucky.  He  died  in  Lex 
ington,  Ky.,  May  24,  1S7G.  Few  men  were  ever 
more  sincerely  lamented.  His  son,  llev.  -I.  M. 
Frost,  Jr.,  now  of  Virginia,  is  a  brilliant  preacher 
and  author. 

Fryer,  Rev.  R.,  a  native  of  Bulloch  Co.,  Ga.. 
was  born  in  ISOO,  and  died  in  the  beginning  of 
1879  ;  was  bapti/.ed  in  1824  in  Bryan  Co.,  Ga.  II 
was  at  once  impressed  that  he  should  preach,  but 
he  rebelled,  and  moved  away  to  South  Georgia  to 
avoid  it.  Reaching  his  destination,  to  his  surprise 
the  report  had  gone  before  him  that  he  was  a  min 
ister,  and  he  continued  his  journey  to  the  Territory 


of  Florida.  He  located  in  what  is  now  Hamilton 
County,  and  there  commenced  preaching,  and  was 
ordained  in  ls:i.'!.  In  an  area  of  a  hundred  miles 
he  labored  zealously  and  successfully  till  he  removed 
to  South  Florida,  in  1*70. 

Mr.  Fryer  was  in  the  unhappy  controversy  be 
tween  the  missionary  and  anti-missionary  Baptists 
that  occurred  about  the  time  of  his  ordination,  and 
lie  was  excluded  for  his  missionary  sentiments. 
He  was  a  man  of  liberal  views,  and  in  full  sym 
pathy  will  all  progressive  measures  of  his  denomi 
nation.  He  had  great  influence,  for  his  mind  was 
<tronir.  his  life  blameless,  and  his  heart  large. 

Fryer,  Rev.  R.  C.,  was  born  in  Alabama  in 
IS21,  bapti/.ed  in  !So7,  became  an  active  and  /eal- 
ous  laborer,  and  on  removing  to  California,  was 
laiued  pastor  of  Kl  Monte  church  in  18.14.  Sub- 
fiiently  he  was  pastor  at  Santa  Anna,  and  is  now 
pastor  at  Spadra.  He  is  a  ready  and  effective 
preacher,  and  his  home  is  one  of  the  most  hospi 
table  and  influential  in  Southern  California.  Yield 
ing  to  the  earnest  persuasion  of  friends,  he  entered 
the  State  Legislature  in  ISIi'J,  and  served  in  that 
budv  with  distinguished  ability  and  Christian  fidel- 
itv. 

Fuller,  Rev.  Andrew,  was  born  in  AVicken, 
Cambridgeshire,  England,  Feb.  t>.  17">4.  When 
about  fourteen  years  of  age  he  first  became  the 
subject  of  religious  exercises.  This  question  arose 
in  his  mind.  What  is  faith?  He  could  not  answer 
it,  but  he  satisfied  himself  that  it  did  not  require 
an  immediate  response,  and  that  he  would  learn  in 
the  future  what  it  was.  Nevertheless  he  was  not 
as  indifferent  about  his  soul  as  in  former  times, 
and  occasionally  he  was  very  unhappy.  Once, 
with  some  boys  in  a  blacksmith's  shop,  while  they 
were  sin<r'mir  foolish  songs,  the  words  addressed  to 
Elijah  seemed  to  pierce  his  soul, — AVhatdoest  thou 
here,  Elijah?  And  he  arose  and  left  his  compan 
ions. 

He  was  considerably  affected  at  times  by  reading 
Bunvan's  ''Grace  Abounding  to  the  Chief  of  Sin 
ners"  and  his  "  Pilgrim's  Progress."  and  once  he 
was  led  to  weep  bitterly  in  reading  Ralph  Erskinc's 
'•  Gospel  Catechism  for  Young  Christians.''  A  little 
later  he  was  deceived  by  an  imaginary  conversion, 
which  gave  him  great  joy  for  a  short  time.  But 
the  joy  departed  and  his  sins  returned,  and  for 
months  they  exercised  dominion  over  him  ;  then 
his  convictions  came  back  and  filled  his  soul  with 
misery  continually  :  he  saw  that  God  would  be 
perfectly  just  in  sending  him  to  the  regions  of 
despair.  At  this  time  Job's  words  came  to  him. 
and  soon  created  the  same  resolution  in  him. 
"Though  he  slay  me  yet  will  I  trust  him;"  and 
the  words  of  Esther  intensified  his  purpose,  "  '  If  I 
perish,  I  perish,'  but  I  must  go  to  Jesus  ;"  and 
driven  by  his  sins,  and  attracted  by  the  redeeming 


FULLER 


421 


FULLER 


power  of  the  Lamb,  lie  trusted  Christ  for  the  full 
salvation  of  his  soul,  and  soon  his  guilt  and  fears 
were  removed. 

In  March,  1770,  he  saw  two  young  persons  bap- 


REV.    AM»UE\V     FL'l.l.KK. 

ti/,ed.  lie  had  never  witnessed  an  immersion  be 
fore,  and  it  made  such  an  impression  upon  him 
that  lie  wept  like  a  child,  and  he  went  away  fully 
convinced  that  what  lie  saw  was  the  solemn  ap 
pointment  of  the  royal  Saviour,  disobedience  to 
which  would  be  rebellion  in  him.  One  month  after 
this  baptism  he  was  immersed  himself  into  the 
membership  of  the  church  of  Soham. 

In  the  spring  of  177.">  he  was  ordained  pastor  of 
the  church  of  Soham.  His  income  was  miserably 
small,  compelling  him  to  resort  to  some  secular 
pursuits  to  support  his  family.  In  October,  1782, 
he  removed  to  Kettering,  in  Northamptonshire, 
where  he  spent  the  rest  of  his  life.  It  nave  him 
the  greatest  distress  to  leave  the  church  of  Soham. 
and  nothing  but  a  firm  persuasion  that  he  was  fol 
lowing  the  will  of  (.iod  would  have  ever  led  him  to 
Kettering. 

A  pamphlet  published  by  Jonathan  Edwards  on 
the  importance  of  general  union  in  prayer  for  the 
revival  of  true  religion,  led  to  a  series  of  prayer- 
meetings  among  the  ministers  of  "The  Northamp 
tonshire  Association"  for  this  special  purpose. 
Resolutions  were  passed  by  the  Association  at 
Nottingham,  and  at  subsequent  meetings  held  else 
where,  recommending  that  the  first  Monday  even 
ing  of  every  month  should  be  set  apart  for  prayer 
for  the  extension  of  the  gospel.  It  is  with  some 


reason  believed  that  these  prayer-meetings  started 
that  missionary  tidal-wave  that  soon  rolled  over 
England  and  America,  the  surging  waters  from 
which  reached  India,  and  many  other  sections  of 
the  heathen  world.  At  a  meeting  lield  in  Kettering 
on  the  2d  of  October,  1792,  the  Baptist  Missionary 
Society  was  formed,  and  the  first  collection  for  its 
treasury,  amounting  to  .£13  2s.  (>(/.,  was  taken  up. 
Mr.  Fuller  was  appointed  its  first  secretary,  and 
while  others  nobly  aided,  Andrew  Fuller  was  sub 
stantially  the  society  till  he  reached  the  realms  of 
glory.  Speaking  of  the  mission  to  India,  he  says, 
•'Our  undertaking  at  its  commencement  really  ap 
peared  to  me  to  be  somewhat  like  a  few  men  who 
were  deliberating  about  the  importance  of  pene 
trating  a  deep  mine  which  had  never  been  explored. 
We  had  no  one  to  guide  us.  and  while  we  wen1 
thus  deliberating,  Carey,  as  it  were,  said,  '  Well,  I 
will  go  down  if  you  will  hold  the  rope.'  But  lie- 
fore  IK;  went  down  he.  as  it  seemed  to  me.  took  an 
oath  from  each  of  us  at  the  mouth  of  the  pit  to 
this  effect.  '  that  while  we  lived  we  should  never  let 
go  the  rope.'  "  And  Mr.  Fuller  held  it  fast  till  his 
hand  fell  powerless  in  death.  He  traveled  all  over 
England  very  many  times,  pleading  for  foreign 
missions;  five  times  he  journeyed  through  Scot 
land  on  the  same  errand  of  love;  and  he  visited 
Ireland  once  to  advocate  the  cause  of  the  perishing. 
The  noblest  cause  that  stirred  up  Christian  hearts, 
the  cause  that  brought  the  Saviour  himself  from 
the  heavens,  found  in  Andrew  Fuller  its  grandest 
champion,  and  to  him  more  than  to  any  other 
human  being  was  the  first  foreign  missionary  so 
ciety  of  modern  times  indebted  for  its  protection 
in  infancy,  and  the  nurturing  influences  that  gave 
it  the  strength  of  a  vigorous  organization. 

His  literary  reputation  spread  all  over  his  own 
country,  and  his  name,  lonir  before  his  death,  was 
as  familiar  in  Kngland  and  America  as  a  house 
hold  word.  All  denominations  read  his  writings 
with  profound  interest,  and  they  place  the  highest 
value  upon  them  still.  His  "Calvinistic  and  So- 
cinian  Systems  Examined  and  Compared,  as  to  their 
Moral  Tendency,7'  and  "  The  (iospel  its  own  Wit 
ness  :  or.  the  Holy  and  Divine  Harmony  of  the  Chris 
tian  Religion  Contrasted  with  the  Immorality  and 
Absurdity  of  Deism."  are  works  worthy  of  the  great 
est  theologian  of  any  age.  and  long  since  they  have 
placed  their  author  beside  Dr.  -John  Owen.  Dr.  John 
(Jill,  and  John  Ho\ve.  as  one  of  the  first  expounders 
of  the  Bible  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race.  "  The  Frank- 
li'i  of  theology,"  as  he  has  been  called.  Mr.  Fuller 
was  a  voluminous  writer:  and  his  works  have 
passed  through  several  editions.  Though  a  staunch 
Baptist  on  the  communion  question,  in  179S  Prince 
ton  College  conferred  on  him  the  honorary  degree 
of  D.D..  which  he  declined.  Yale  College,  under 
the  presidency  of  Timothy  Dwight,  followed  the 


F  I'LL  Kit 


FULLER 


example  of  Princeton  in  1805,  with  ;i  similar  dec 
lination  from  Mr.  Fuller. 

His  dentil,  on  May  7.  1^15,  excited  a  profound 
sensation,  and  occasioned  general  grief.  Throngs  at 
tended  his  funeral. — Episcopalian,  Congregational, 
and  other  ministers  vied  with  Baptist  pastors  in 
doing  honor  to  his  memory.  His  church  erected  a 
beautiful  monument,  which  commemorates  in  glow 
ing  words  their  exalted  appreciation  of  his  great 
worth. 

Mr.  Fuller  was  "  tall,  broad-shouldered,  and 
firmly  set.  The  hair  was  parted  in  the  middle,  the 
bro\v  square  and  of  fair  height,  the  eyes  deeply  set, 
overhung  with  large  bushy  eyebrows.  The  whole 
face  had  a  massive  expression." 

Tie  had  great  decision  of  character  ;  he  was 
usually  very  clear  in  his  views  of  any  subject  that 
had  occupied  his  attention.  He  was  a  natural  war 
rior,  ready  to  assail  the  foes  of  truth  in  every  direc 
tion,  but  this  characteristic  was  restrained  and 
regulated  by  a  heart  ill  led  with  supreme  love  to 
•Jesus,  and  by  generous  affections. 

His  style  was  clear  as  a  sunbeam,  with  little 
effort  at  ornament.  His  arguments  were  commonly 
as  forcible!  as  the  blow  of  a  sledge-hammer,  when 
delivered  with  all  the  p  >wer  of  a  strong  and  prac 
tised  hand.  He  was  one  of  the  few  Englishmen 
that  knew  how  to  use  the  Scottish  custom  of  exposi 
tory  preaching,  and  in  this  mode  of  applying  the 
Word  of  God  to  men  Mr.  Fuller  attained  great  dis 
tinction. 

In  general  his  theology  is  Calvinistic.  His  treat 
ment  of  several  of  "  the  doctrines  of  grace"  is  such 
as  to  afford  no  comfort  to  the  disciples  of  James 
Arminius.  His  views  of  the  atonement,  however, 
were  innovations  to  the  English  Baptists  of  his  day. 
which  stirred  up  vigorous  opposition.  Dr.  (nil  was 
the  theological  teacher  of  one  section  of  his  denomi 
nation,  and  Mr.  Fuller  of  the  other.  Mr.  Fuller's 
doctrine  of  the  great  sacrifice  is  generally  received 
by  English  and  American  Baptists,  though  there 
are  still  some  among  us  who  regard  Dr.  Gill,  in 
the  main,  as  approaching  nearer  to  Paul's  represen 
tation  of  the  nature  of  Christ's  glorious  propitia 
tion  than  the  profound  theologian  of  Kettering. 
These  brethren  agree  with  Mr.  Fuller  in  using  every 
Christian  effort  to  bring  sinners  to  Jesus,  and  to 
spread  the  gospel  throughout  the  whole  earth. 

Fuller's  views  of  substitution  and  imputation 
have  had  a  far  wider  influence  in  the  Presbyterian 
and  Congregational  denominations  than  the  kindred 
opinions  of  Richard  Baxter,  of  Kidderminster, 
conspicuous  as  their  author  and  his  doctrines  have 
been  for  more  than  two  centuries. 

Andrew  Fuller  was  one  of  nature's  noblemen, 
and  he  was  a  blameless  Christian  ;  his  life  was  emi 
nently  useful,  and  his  death  was  full  of  peace. 

Fuller,    Rev.    B.   S.,    was  born    at    Fitchburg. 


Mass.,  Sept.  3,  1X06.  He  was  the  son  of  -Joseph 
and  Eunice  Dodge  Fuller.  His  mother  was  the 
sister  of  Daniel  Dodge,  who  was  the  warm  friend 
of  Luther  Rice,  and  a  co-worker  with  him. 

He  was  converted  in  his  seventeenth  year,  and 
received  into  the  church  at  llolden.  Mass.,  of  which 
Elder  Walker  was  then  pastor.  From  the  time  of 
his  union  with  the  church  he  was  active  and  zeal 
ous.  Soon  after  his  conversion  he  removed  to 
Boston,  and  labored  in  the  Smith  Boston  Sunday- 
school,  which  only  numbered  about  eighty'  at  the 
commencement,  but  at  the  close  of  his  labors  had 
increased  to  three  hundred. 

The  providence  of  God  prepared  the  way  for  his 
removal  to  Florida,  by  afflicting  him  severely  with 
asthma,  and  thus  rendered  it  necessary  for  him  to 
seek  a  milder  climate.  He  came  to  Florida  in  1N37. 
but  did  not  bring  his  family  till  he  had  remained 
two  years,  and  became  satisfied  to  live  in  the  State. 

While  Florida  was  yet  a  Territory,  he  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  the  Concord  Baptist  church,  in  what 
is  now  Madison  County.  This  was  done  Jan.  1">. 
I<s43.  lie  was  at  once  requested  to  become  pastor 
of  the  Hickstown  church,  and  was  ordained  the  2'Jth 
of  the  same  month  he  was  licensed.  Alexander 
Moseley.  Thomas  Lang,  II.  J.  Mays,  and  W.  B. 
Cooper  composed  the  Presbytery  that  ordained  him. 
lie  was  several  years  pastor  of  the  church  at  Madi 
son  Court-House,  and  served  several  churches  in 
the  county  contiguous  ;  Monticello,  the  county 
town  of  Jefferson  County,  was  his  last  pastorate. 

Elder  Fuller  served  the  Florida  Association  eili- 
ciently  as  missionary  and  colporteur,  and  was  agent 
for  the  Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society,  at 
Charleston,  S.  C.  As  pastor,  missionary,  and  agent. 
he  was  active  and  faithful,  and,  as  was  truly  said  by 
the  writer  of  an  obituary  notice  of  him,  "  He  sym 
pathized  with  every  laudable  effort  to  advance  the 
cause  of  Christ.''  He  possessed  good  natural  endow 
ments;  was  a  great  reader  and  student,  and  con 
sequently  was  a  strong  man  in  the  gospel  and  a 
popular  preacher. 

Though  coming  to  the  State  an  invalid,  with  not 
much  prospect  of  recovery,  and  but  little  idea  of 
preaching,  his  life  was  prolonged  to  nearly  the 
"  threescore  and  ten"  allotted  to  man.  The  ill 
ness  that  terminated  his  life  was  protracted  and 
painful,  but  it  was  borne  with  much  submission. 
till  death  came  to  his  relief,  April  20,  1870,  at  his 
home  in  Monticello. 

By  a  consistent  life,  and  by  earnestly  speaking 
the  truth  in  love,  he  did  a  good  work  for  Christ 
arid  his  beloved  denomination  in  what  is  properly 
termed  Middle  Florida. 

Fuller,  Rev.  Cyrenus  M.,  was  born  in  Grafton. 
Vt.,  March  24,  17(J1.  His  early  childhood  and 
youth  were  spent  in  the  home  of  his  parents,  who 
were  Congregationalists,  and  he  received  his  early 


FULLER 


FULLER 


religious  education  in  connection  with  them.  From 
childhood  he  had  serious  impressions,  and  believed 
he  would  be  converted  and  preach  the  gospel.  In 
1810  he  obtained  an  assured  hope  in  Christ,  and  in 
1813  he  was  baptized  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  in  Grufton,  Vt.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in 
1814,  and  ordained  in  1818  by  the  Baptist  church  in 
Dorset,  Vt.  Previous  to  his  ordination  he  made  his 
first  journey  with  horse  and  carriage  to  Boston,  and 
preached  for  Dr.  Baldwin,  and  on  his  return  he 
preached  for  Dr.  Stephen  Gano  in  the;  First  Baptist 
church  of  Providence,  II.  I.  lie  was  pastor  at  Dor 
set  ten  years,  supplying  occasionally  the  churches 
in  Middletown  and  Arlington,  Vt.  In  1S20  he  made 
a  tour  among  the  churches  of  Vermont  and  New 
York  to  collect  funds  for  Hamilton  Literary  and 
Theological  Institution,  then  in  an  embarrassed 
state.  In  1827  he  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Elbridge,  X.  Y.,  remaining  twelve  years, 
and  then  removed  to  Pike,  X.  Y'.,  where  he  continued 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  four  years.  In  Is4o 
he  entered  the  service  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society,  and  held  this  position  until 
1801.  He  traveled  as  financial  agent  in  twenty-six 
States  of  the  Union,  and  extensively  in  the  British 
possessions, — in  all  about  120,000  miles.  He  came 
to  Wisconsin  in  1858,  where  he  died  in  Darien,  at 
the  home  of  his  son-in-law,  Rev.  E.  L.  Harris.  June 
(').  ISO").  His  ministry  was  pre-eminently  useful. 
While  a  settled  pastor  he  baptized  about  1000 
persons  into  the  churches.  During  his  extensive 
travels  in  the  service  of  the  Home  Mission  Society, 
extending  throughout  eighteen  years,  his  labors 
were  very  valuable  to  that  society  as  well  as  to  the 
thousands  of  churches  which  he  visited.  He  did 
much  in  bringing  the  work  of  home  missions 
prominently  before  the  Baptist  denomination.  He 
was  highly  esteemed  among  the  ministers  and 
churches,  riot  only  for  his  works'  sake,  but  also  for 
his  personal  virtues  and  purity  of  character. 

Fuller,  Richard,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Beaufort, 
S.  C.,  in  April,  1804.  His  early  education  was  con 
ducted  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Brantly,  father  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  AV.  T.  Brantly,  now  of  Baltimore.  In  1820 
he  entered  Harvard  University,  Mass.,  and  in  his 
class,  consisting  of  more  than  eighty,  stood  among 
the  first  for  proficiency  in  his  studies,  for  general 
culture,  and  for  skill  in  debate.  In  consequence 
of  ill  health  he  was  obliged  to  leave  Harvard 
while  still  in  the  Junior  year.  On  his  return  to 
Beaufort  he  entered  upon  a  course  of  legal  studies, 
and  after  being  admitted  to  the  bar,  he  became,  by 
his  talents,  diligence,  and  force  of  character,  one 
of  the  most  accomplished  and  successful  lawyers 
in  the  State.  AVhile  thus  in  the  full  flush  of  pro 
fessional  distinction,  Beaufort  was  visited  by  the  cel 
ebrated  revivalist,  the  Rev.  Daniel  Barker.  During 
the  meetings  held  at  that  time,  and  which  were  of 


remarkable  interest  and  power,  some  of  the  most 
prominent  and  intellectual  individuals  of  the  place 
were  brought  to  a  consecration  of  themselves  to  the 
cause  of  Christ,  among  whom  were  Stephen  Elli- 


KK'IIAKD     Kl'I.I.KK.    !).!>. 

ott,  afterwards  bishop  of  Georgia,  and  Richard 
Fuller.  He  had  been  up  to  this  time  a  member 
of  the  Episcopal  church.  He  felt  it  to  be  his- 
|  duty  to  give  himself  entirely  to  the  work  of  the 
Christian  ministry,  and  in  connection  with  the 
i  Baptist  denomination.  He  had  been  previously 
I  immersed  by  the  rector  of  the  Episcopal  church- 
but  dating  his  real  conversion  from  the  influences 
of  this  revival  season,  and  thoroughly  convinced 
that  believers'  baptism  only  was  Scriptural,  he  was 
rebaptized  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  AVyer,  then  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Savannah,  Ga.  He  at  once 
entered,  with  all  the  glow  and  vigor  of  a  new  spir 
itual  life,  upon  the  congenial  work  of  preaching 
the  gospel.  lie  was  soon  chosen  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Beaufort,  where  he  labored  for  some  fif 
teen  years,  during  which  time  the  church  was 
greatly  strengthened  in  membership,  character, 
and  influence.  Through  his  efforts,  also,  a  hand 
some  new  church  edifice  was  built.  While  in  Beau 
fort  he  engaged  in  a  memorable  controversy  with 
Bishop  England,  of  Charleston,  S.  C.,  on  the  Scrip 
tural  principles  and  claims  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
hierarchy,  and  won,  from  all  who  read  the  able  and 
polished  arguments,  the  reputation  of  a  thoroughly 
equipped  and  skillful  controversialist.  Then  came 
that  still  more  memorable  dialectic  contest  between 
himself  and  the  Rev.  Dr.  AVayland  on  the  subject 


Fl'LLKR 


4:24 


FULLER 


of  .slavery,  in  the  conduct  of  which,  whatever  may 
be  thought  of  the  claims  of  the  friends  of  cither  to 
a    divided   victorv   in    the    issue    of  the    argument, 
there  was  such  a  uniform  display  of  courtesy,  kind 
ness,  and  Christian  manliness  as  is  rarely  witnessed 
in    the  discussion   of  such    exciting  questions.      In 
the  midst  of  these  labors  Dr.  Fuller,  in  consci[uence 
<>f  ill  health,  was   obliged   to   suspend   his   pastoral 
labors,  and,  guided  bv  the   advice   of  his  physici;m 
and  friends,  he.  in   the  year  1S3G,  made  a  visit   to 
Europe.      On  his  return    he   gave   himself,  with  in 
creased  zeal  and  energy,  to  the  one  great  work  of 
his  life, — preaching  the  gospel.     His  reputation  had 
now  become  national,  and  many  promincntohurches 
in  different   parts  of  the  country  were   anxious   to 
secure    his    services.      In    lS4o   lie   received  and  ac 
cepted  a  call  to  become  pastor  in   Baltimore,  where 
the    remainder   of  his   life    was    spent    in    pastoral 
duties.     One  of  the  conditions  of  his  removing   to 
Baltimore  was  that  a  new  church  edifice  should  be 
built,    and  -accordingly   a   house   of    worship    was 
erected     on     Para     and     Saratoga     Streets,    where 
thronged  congregations  listened  for  so  many  years 
to   his   eloquent    and    impressive    preaching,    and 
where  such  large  numbers  were  added  to  the  church. 
After  years  of  eminent  success  here,  and  partially 
in  consequence  of  the  very  large  number  of  mem 
ber-,  a   new  enterprise  was  started,  which    resulted 
in  the  building  of  the   beautiful  house  of  worship 
at  Kutaw  Place,  and  the  establishment  of  a  strong 
church   there.      The   same   eminent  success  charac 
terized  his  labors  in  this  new  field  that  had  crowned 
his  efforts  in  the  old.  and    here,  still   apostle-like, 
doing  "  this  one  thing,"  he  closed   his  useful   life. 
Thorough  Baptist  as  Dr.  Fuller  was  in  every  fibre 
of  his  nature,  hisinfluence  for  good  was  felt  through 
the   entire    Christian    community,    and    his    labors 
were  abundant  in  all  departments  of  Christian  be 
neficence.       Xo    pastor    in    the    denomination    was 
more  highly  esteemed  by  the  representative  men  of 
other   churches   than   he.  and    none  was  more  fre 
quently  urii'ed  to  lend  the  influence  of  his  name  and 
counsel   to   those   larger  and  more  comprehensive 
benevolent   organizations    which     embrace    within 
their    scope    great    communities    and     groups    of 
churches.     Though   a  slave-holder  like  Whitefield, 
he  was   a   devoted    master,  as   he    lived    among  ser 
vants  for  whose  religious  and  physical  welfare  he 
made   the    most    ample   provision,    and    who  were 
strongly  attached  to  him.     Dr.  Fuller  died   in  Balti 
more,  Oct.  20.  iSTtj,  in   the  triumph  of  that  faith 
which    he    had    so    earnestly    and     unremittingly 
preached  through  a  remarkable  and  blessed  min 
istry. 

Dr.  Fuller  as  a  preacher  had  but  few  peers. 
Gifted  with  a  rare,  manly,  and  commanding  pres 
ence  ;  free  in  every  movement  from  those  restraints 
fatal  to  the  orator,  which  necessarily  arise  from  the 


use  of  manuscript  ;  with  a  legal  acumen  that  dis 
criminated  between  the  delicate  shades  of  correlated 
yet  of  pregnant  truths -.  with  an  imagination  that 
embodied  in  forms  of  living  beauty  the  personages, 
and  places,  and  deeds  of  the  far-oif  times  and  lands 
of  the  Saviour's  earthly  labors;  and  a  voice  whose 
tones  could  thrill  the  soul  with  heroic  resolutions 
or  melt  it  into  tender  pity, — he  has  taken  his  place 
among  the  few  great  pulpit  orators  whose  names 
are  embalmed  in  the  memories  of  men.  As  a 
writer,  too.  Dr.  Fuller  had  his  excellencies.  His 
style  was  tinctured  by  the  influences  of  the  past 
rather  than  by  those  of  the  present.  The  tendency 
of  eminent  living  clergymen  is  to  a  scientific  in 
stead  of  a  classical  style, — scientific  in  form,  in 
phra>eology.  and  in  illustration  :  whereas  the  style 
of  Dr.  Fuller's  Avritings  was  saturated  with  the 
classic  spirit,  as  seen  in  the  well-balanced  structure 
of  his  sentences,  as  well  as  in  the  afiluence  of  his 
illu>trations  and  allusions.  The  ennobling  thoughts 
of  the  old  (ireek  and  Homan  poets,  historians,  and 
orators,  rather  than  the  uncongenial  dogmas  of  the 
present  irnid'm^  lights  of  the  scientific  world,  jail- 
sate  through  all  his  sentences:  and  he  has  left  us, 
in  some  of  the  latest  articles  he  penned,  examples 
of  that  cha-te.  symmetrical,  and  statue-like  style 
of  which  Everett  and  Legare  were  such  masters, 
but  which  is  rapidly  fading  into  an  accomplishment 
peculiar  to  the  past. 

Fuller,  R.  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Beaufort, 
S.  ('..  Nov.  '21.  ISiM.  and  died  in  Atlanta,  (.la., 
•June  10,  1SSO.  He  was  a  nephew  of  Dr.  Richard 
Fuller,  from  whom  he  received  his  theological 
training,  at  Beaufort,  S.  ('.  He  came  totieorgia  to 
assume  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  At 
lanta,  but  failing  health  caused  his  resignation. 
Consumption  had  fastened  its  fangs  upon  his  vital 
organs.  For  years  he  acted  as  the  successful  agent 
for  the  C.eorgia  Baptist  Orphans'  Home,  and  for 
.Mercer  University.  But  feebleness  finally  forced 
him  to  retire  from  all  labor,  and  he  gradually  (le 
t-lined  until  the  summer  of  J'SSO.  when  he  peace 
fully  fell  asleep  in  -Jesus. 

Dr.  Fuller  was  an  exceedingly  amiable  and  com 
panion  able  man.  full  of  humor  and  genial  ]  Peasantry. 
He  had  a  superior  education,  a  trained  intellect,  and 
strong  mental  powers.  There  was  perhaps  no 
abler  preacher  in  the  State,  aside  from  mere  de 
livery.  1  lis  language  was  very  choice  ;  his  thoughts 
were  vigorous  and  clearly  expressed  :  his  logic 
u-ood.  and  his  spirit  most  devout.  His  piety  was 
undoubted,  and  he  commanded  not  only  the  respect 
and  esteem,  but  the  love  of  all. 

Fuller,  Rev.  S.  J.,  n"  ",^(1-  ))Ilt  sti11  active  min 
ister  in  Logan  Co.,  Ark.,  was  born  in  Georgia  in 
IMC):  in  1S49  he  settled  in  Claiborne  Parish.  La., 
where  he  began  to  preach  shortly  afterwards.  He 
labored  in  Louisiana  fifteen  or  sixteen  years,  pre- 


FVLTOX 


FUR  MAN 


siding  seven  or  eight  years  as  moderator  of  Concord 
(Louisiana)  Association.  He  then  removed  to  Ar 
kansas,  and  after  three  years  settled  in  his  present 
field,  where  he  has  since  labored,  lie  soon  gath 
ered  churches  around  him,  and  organized  them 
into  an  Association,  which  he  named  Concord,  of 
which  he  was  moderator  until  compelled  l>y  the  in 
firmities  of  age  to  decline  re-election.  lie  has  ac 
complished  great  good  as  a  pioneer. 

Fulton,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Henderson, 
Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.  When  seventeen  years  of  aire 
he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Jacob  Knapp.  lie  grad 
uated  at  Hamilton  in  1843.  He  was  ordained  at 
Rensselaerville,  Albany  Co..  X.  Y..  in  1844,  and 
remained  there  three  years,  lie  served  the  church 
in  Leesville,  Schoharie  Co.,  four  years,  and  the 
First  Cazenovia  church  nearly  nine  years.  In 
1859  he  came  to  Iowa,  under  appointment  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  to  the  pas 
torate  of  the  church  at  Independence,  Buchanan 
Co.,  just  organized  with  eleven  members.  lie  built 
the  first  Baptist  meeting-house  in  the  county,  and 
the  first  erected  by  Baptists  on  the  direct  line  from 
Dubuque  to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  He  remained 
on  this  field  ten  years,  during  which  he  built  three 
meeting-houses, — one  at  Independence,  one  atQuas- 
queton,  and  one  at  Winthrop  ;  and  he  secured  a  lot 
and  made  arrangements  for  the  fourth  at  Jessup. 
From  Independence  he  went  to  Belvidere,  111.,  and 
remained  there  as  pastor  for  eight  years.  Then  he 
returned  to  Iowa  as  pastor  at  Winterset,  still  untir 
ing  in  his  labors.  Since  Jan.  1,  1880.  he  has  been 
the  pastor  of  the  Olivet  church,  Cedar  Rapids.  He 
has  been  greatly  blessed  in  working  for  the  Master. 

Fulton,  Rev.  John  I.,  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia, 
Sept.  23,  1798;  came  to  Xew  York  in  1802;  was 
converted  early  in  life  and  joined  the  church  of 
North-East,  Dutchess  Co.:  entered  Hamilton  in 
1822;  in  1824  was  ordained  pastor  of  Sherburne. 
He  was  pastor  subsequently  in  Vernon,  Mendon, 
and  Stillwater,  N.  Y.,  and  in  several  places  in 
Michigan.  He  died  in  Tecumseh,  Mich.,  Nov.  10, 
1867.  He  was  an  able  preacher  and  an  exemplary 
Christian  ;  one  of  his  sons.  Justin  I).  F-ilton,  D.D., 
is  known  throughout  the  United  States. 

Fulton,  Justin  D,,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Sherburne, 
N.  Y.,  March  1,  1828.  He  graduated  at  Rochester 
University  in  1851 ,  and  pursued  a  theological  course 
in  the  Rochester  Seminary  until  June.  1S53.  At  this 
date  he  was  invited  to  St.  Louis  to  edit  the  Gospel 
Banner,  a  paper  devoted  to  the  advocacy  of  Bible 
revision,  and  meantime  to  serve  as  pastor  of  one 
of  the  city  churches,  to  which  work  he  was  or 
dained.  In  the  fall  of  1855  he  resigned  both  of 
these  positions,  and  took  charge  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Sandusky,  0.,  which  was  greatly  pros 
pered  under  his  ministry.  In  1859  he  was  solicited 
by  two  brethren,  of  whom  George  Dawson,  of  the 
28 


Albany  Evening  Journal,  was  one,  to  assist  in  found 
ing  a  new  church.  lie  accepted  the  call,  and  the 
result  was  the  Tabernacle  church  of  Albany,  which 
soon  became  a  power  in  that  city.  In  1863,  Mr. 
Fulton  became  pastor  of  the  Tremont  Temple. 
Boston.  His  work  here  was  so  prospered  that  in 
a  short  time  the  spacious  edifice  was  filled  with  at 
tentive  congregations.  Here  he  labored  for  nine 
years,  and  built  up  a  church  of  1000  members, 
and  one  of  the  largest  congregations  in  America. 
In  1872  he  removed  to  the  Hanson  Place  Baptist 
church,  in  Brooklyn.  In  1876  the  remnant  of  the 
Clinton  Avenue  church,  of  the  same  city,  which  had 
been  struggling  under  financial  embarrassments, 
invited  Dr.  Fulton  to  become  their  pastor.  Mem 
bers  from  other  churches  united  with  this  interest, 
and  a  new  church  was  formed,  called  the  Centen 
nial  Baptist  church.  Here  he  still  labors  with  his 
usual  success,  and  the  small  band  has  increased 
manifold.  Dr.  Fulton  is  a  prolific  writer  -.  the  fol 
lowing  works  have  proceeded  from  his  pen  :  "  The 
Roman  Catholic  Element  in  American  History," 
'•  Rome  in  America,''  "  The  Way  Out.''  "  Show 
your  Colors,''  "Woman  as  God  Made  Her,''  and 
"  Life  of  Timothy  Gilbert.''  The  University  of 
Rochester  conferred  the  degree  of  D.I),  upon  Mr. 
Fulton  in  1871.  Dr.  Fulton  has  great  and  varied 
ability,  and  unbounded  energy. 

Fuqua,  Rev.  J.  B.,  was  born  Feb.  8,  1822,  in 
Fluvanna  Co.,  Va.  He  was  converted  when  eight 
een  years  of  age,  and  ordained  in  Buckland  Baptist 
church,  Tenn.,  in  December,  1851.  He  died  Dec. 
12,  1877.  Was  pastor  at  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo.  ;  at 
Concord,  and  at  Brush  Creek,  lie  was  a  mission 
ary  in  the  St.  Louis  Association  for  sometime.  He 
had  a  good  mind  and  fair  attainments,  lie  was 
firm,  cheerful,  candid,  cordial,  and  was  very  useful 
as  a  minister. 

Furman,  J.  C.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Charleston, 
S.  C..  Dec.  5,  1809.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Charleston  College.  In  1*28  he  was  baptized  by 
Dr.  Manly.  He  then  renounced  the  study  of  med 
icine  for  the  ministry  of  the  Word.  He  rendered 
efficient  service  in  the  great  revivals  in  Edgefield, 
Beaufort,  and  Robertsville.  During  these  meetings 
R.  Furman,  D.D.,  George  Kempton,  D.D.,  and 
Richard  Fuller,  I). I).,  were  converted. 

For  several  years  he  was  pastor  at  Society  Hill, 
one  of  the  most  refined  communities  in  the  State. 
At  the  earnest  request  of  the  Second  church  in 
Charleston  he  accepted  a  call  as  its  pastor.  But  as 
the  church  at  Society  Hill  resolved  to  renew  their 
call  annually,  he  felt  it  his  duty  to  return  to  them. 

In  1843  he  entered  upon  a  professorship  in  Fur- 
man  Theological  Institution,  then  offered  to  him 
a  second  time.  In  concert  with  Profs.  Mims  and 
Edwards  he  elaborated  a  plan  for  a  broader  system 
of  education,  which  resulted  in  the  establishment 


FUR  MAX 


42f, 


FUJI. If  AX 


of  the  Funn an  University,  of  which  ho  has  lout: 
boon  president.  He  was  for  many  years  moderator 
of  the  Baptist  State  Convention. 

During  his  whole  connection  with  the  university 


Crowds  flocked  to  hoar  the  boy  preacher,  and  his 
precocious  intellect  and  profound  piety  produced  a 
deep  impression  on  those  who  hoard  him.  In  his 
nineteenth  year  lie  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the 
High  Hills  church.  The  sheriff'  once  refused  to 
allow  him  to  preach  in  the  court-house  at  Camden 
because  lie  was  not  a  minister  of  the  Established 
(Episcopal)  Church.  Having  preached  in  the  open 
air.  the  court-house  was  ever  after  freely  offered 
him.  About  the  beginning  of  the  Revolution  a 
meeting  of  ministers  and  laymen  of  different  de 
nominations  met  at  High  Hills  to  concert  measures 
to  remove  the  odious  discrimination  restricting  all 
offices  to  members  of  the  Establishment.  Here  as 
everywhere  the  Baptists  have  led  in  the  contest  for 
religious  freedom.  So  conspicuous  was  Dr.  Furman 
from  the  commencement  of  the  war.  that  Lord 
Cornwallis  offered  a  large  reward  for  his  apprehen- 

j  sion.  He  spent  a  part  of  the  time  of  the  war  in 
Virginia,  where  Patrick  Henry  and  family  wore 

I  regular  attendants  on  his  ministry.  Mr.  Henry 
presented  him  with  a  work  on  rhetoric  and 
Ward's  "Oratory.'"  which  are  heir-looms  of  the 
family.  After  the  war  he  returned  to  his  church  at 
High  Hills.  He  was  one  of  the  most  active  and  in- 
tluential  patriots  throughout  the  Revolutionary  war. 
In  17^7  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  church  in 
Charleston.  lie  found  it  enfeebled  bv  the  war.  He 


j.  c.  FCRMAN,  n.n. 

he  has  never  neglected  the  ministry.  lie  was  pas 
tor  of  the  Greenville  church  at  one  time  for  two 
years,  and  at  another  for  three  and  a  half.  Kach 
resignation  was  tendered  because  he  thought  the 
church  needed  the  entire  time  of  a  pastor.  He  is 
a  son  of  Dr.  Richard  Furman.  of  Uevolutionary 
fame.  Ho  has  a  fine  intellect,  broad  culture,  fer 
vent  piety,  the  love  of  all  that  know  him,  and  a 
life  fruitful  in  good  works  and  influences. 

Fill-man,  Richard,  Sr.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Xew 

York  in  1755.  His  father  removed  to  South  Caro 
lina  while  his  son  was  an  infant.  Before  he  could 
hold  the  family  Bible  he  would  lay  it  on  a  stool  and 
ask  to  be  taught  to  read  it.  and  as  soon  as  he  ac 
quired  the  art.  reading  it  was  his  chief  delight. 
His  education  was  almost  entirely  at  homo.  When 
about  seven  years  old  he  memorized,  merely  by 
reading,  most  of  the  First  Book  of  the  "Iliad." 
which  he  retained  perfectly  in  middle  life.  In  a 
short  period  at  school  having  learned  the  rudiments 
of  Latin  grammar,  he  became  quite  a  proficient  in 
that  language,  and  acquired  a  respectable  knowl 
edge  of  Greek  and  Hebrew. 

He  was  baptized  in  his  sixteenth  year,  and  at 
once  he  began  the  work  of  instructing  his  father's 
servants.  He  also  took  an  active  part  in  what 
would  now  be  called  a  Bible-class,  and  presently 
began  to  speak  more  publicly  of  the  way  of  life. 


RICHARD     1TKMAX.    SR..   D.I). 


left  it.  after  thirty-seven  years,  strong  and  united. 
Never  was  minister  more  loved  and  venerated,  not 
merely  bv  his  church,  but  by  the  whole  city. 

He  was  unanimously  elected  the  first  president 


FUR  MAN 


Frit  VAX 


of  the  Triennial  Convention  in  LSI 4.  At  this 
meeting  he  earnestly  advocated  the  format  ion  of 
an  institution  at  Washington  to  educate  young  men 
for  the  ministry.  At  this  time  he  gave  a  powerful 
impulse  to  the  convictions  from  which  have  sprung 
Fin-man  University,  in  South  Carolina,  Mercer,  in 
(Georgia,  Hamilton,  in  New  York,  and  finally  the 
Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary. 

lie  was  a  memher  of  the  convention  that  formed 
the  first  constitution  of  South  Carolina,  and  he 
strongly  opposed  the  provision  excluding  ministers 
from  certain  offices.  He  was  also  president  of  the 
Baptist  State  Convention  for  several  years. 

He  closed   his  long  and  eminently  useful  life  in 


Furman  University,  which  has  now  (]ssO) 

been  in  operation  about  thirty  years  in  (Jreenville. 
S.  C.,  was  founded  by  the  Baptists  of  the  State.  It 
is  the  expansion  of  a  seminary  which  had  pre 
viously  existed  elsewhere,  and  which,  under  the 
name  of  Furman  Theological  Institution,  was  de 
signed  for  the  education  of  ministers.  Embracing 
a  theological,  a  collegiate,  and  an  academical  de 
partment,  and  contemplating  a  subsequent  depart 
ment  of  law.  the  establishment  was  chartered  with 
its  present  title. 

When  it  became  expedient  to  provide  a  theo 
logical  institution  for  the  South,  the  Baptists  of 
South  Carolina  made  the  largest  offer  for  its  set- 


Fl'KMA.N     IMVEKSITY. 


August,  1S25.  Probably  no  minister  of  any  de 
nomination  has  ever  exerted  a  wider,  more  varied, 
or  more  beneficent  influence. 

Furman,  Samuel,  D.D.— "  In  this  very  name 
we  are  taught  to  honor  the  deceased,  although  we 
may  have  been  strangers  to  his  face  on  earth.  Dr. 
Fiirmatfs  life  was  long  and  faithful.  God  allowed 
his  sun  to  travel  from  horizon  to  horizon.  He  died 
only  when  his  work  was  done.  He  was  a  man  of 
broad  learning,  deep  piety,  and  of  unparalleled  ' 
reverence  for  his  Master.  His  memory  lies  em 
balmed  in  the  hearts  of  many  who  knew  him,  far 
and  near.  For  almost  two  years  before  Brother  | 
Furman's  death  he  was  confined  to  his  bed,  and 
during  a  part  of  this  time  his  suffering  was  great. 
He  fell  asleep  peacefully  on  the  I'.Hh  of  March, 
1N77.  His  remains  now  rest  in  the  grave-yard  con 
nected  with  the  Siunter  church.'' 


tlement  within  their  borders,  proposing  to  li'ive 
§100,000  to  tin;  <;iiterprise,  on  the  condition  of  an 
equal  sum  being  raised  by  the  other  Southern 
States  together.  Their  proposal  was  accepted,  and 
this  necessitated  the  withdrawal  of  the  theological 
funds  of  the  university  and  the  closing  of  this  de 
partment.  -Just  before  the  war  arrangements 
wen;  on  foot  for  opening  the  law  department, 
Hon.  B.  F.  Perry  and  C.  J.  El  ford,  Esq.,  having 
been  appointed  as  lecturers.  This  purpose  was 
put  into  abeyance  by  the  war  ;  the  collegiate  classes 
were  broken  up.  and  instruction  was  given  only  to 
such  as  were  too  young  to  bear  arms. 

When  the  havoc  of  war  was  over,  amid  all  the 
discouragements  arising  from  the  fearful  destruc 
tion  of  capital,  the  confused  arrangements  of  social 
life,  the  loss  of  employment,  and  the  diflicultv  of 
getting  from  one  place  to  another,  railroads  having 


FURMAX 


428 


FYFK 


been  liroken  up.  and  mules  and  horses  and  convey 
ances  destroyed,  it  was  yet  determined  to  keep 
within  the  reach  of  the  young  people  the  advan 
tages  of  education.  A  few  earnest-minded  men  con 
vening  at  the  time  of  the  regular  meeting  of  the 
Baptist  Convention  of  the  State,  encouraged  the 
professors  to  open  the  doors  and  resume  the  work 
of  instruction.  This  was  accordingly  done. 

The  university  owns  a  valuable  site  of  about 
forty  acres  within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  (Ireen- 
ville.  one  of  the  most  beautiful  locations  for  a  semi 
nary  of  learning  to  be  seen  anywhere,  proverbial 
for  its  liealthfulness,  on  the  skirt  of  the  mountains, 
accessible  by  different  railroads.  Its  buildings  are 
not  spacious,  but  ample  for  all  present  purposes. 
They  are  from  the  design  of  a  gifted  architect,  and 
arc  in  exceedingly  good  taste.  The  students  board  in 
the  families  of  the  city,  and  thus  are  saved  from  the 
vitiating  influences  to  which  young  men  thronging 
together  in  "commons"  and  in  college  dormitories 
are  more  or  less  exposed. 

Furman  University  has  had  a  history  for  more 
than  a  quarter  of  a  century  without  a  rebellion,  or 
an  approach  to  rebellion.  The  students  have 
achieved  an  honorable  reputation  for  good  order 
and  gentlemanly  deportment.  Their  coming  is 
welcomed  by  the  citizens  of  Greenville,  and  their 
departure  regretted. 

The  support  of  the  institution  has  been  derived 
in  part  from  vested  funds,  but  mainly  from  tuition. 
The  investments  bearing  interest  were  almostwholly 
destroyed  by  the  war.  Since  that  time  bonds  pay 
able  in  u  short  series  of  years  were  procured  ;  they 
entitled  the  bondsmen  to  the  privilege  of  tuition. 
Then  it  was  proposed  to  raise  a  permanent  endow 
ment  of  $200,000,  the  interest  only  to  be  used  in 
supporting  the  professors,  with  free  tuition  for  ten 
years.  This  was  to  be  done  by  procuring  bonds  to 
be  paid  in  five  annual  installments  with  interest. 
The  bonds  were  procured,  but  unpropitious  agri 
cultural  seasons,  the  fall  in  the  price  of  cotton,  and 
the  general  stringency  in  money  matters  up  to  a 
recent  period,  have  made  payments  very  slow.  As 
a  consequence  the  number  of  instructors,  which 
ought  to  be  six  or  seven,  is  only  five.  The  vacancy 
occasioned  by  the  death  of  Dr.  Reynolds,  Professor 
of  Roman  and  English  Literature,  has  not  been 
filled,  his  duties  being  divided  between  two  other 
professors. 

The  course  of  studies  is  equal  to  that  commonly 
pursued  in  colleges  of  the  best  reputation.  Gradu 
ation  is  awarded  to  success  in  closely  written  ex 
aminations. 

The  faculty  are  Rev.  J.  C.  Furman,  D.D.,  Chair 
man,  and  Professor  of  Intellectual  and  Moral 
Philosophy,  Logic,  and  Rhetoric;  C.  II.  Judson, 
Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Mechanical  Philoso 
phy  ;  D.  T.  Smith,  Professor  of  Ancient  Languages ; 


•I.  M.  Harris,  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy  and 
Chemistry.  There  were  eighty-six  students  in 
1879-80. 

Fyfe,  Robert  A.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  St.  Andre, 
near  Montreal.  Canada.  Oct.  20,  1810.     lie  wa.s  oc- 


ROBERT    A.    FYFE,    D.D. 

cupied  with  business  avocations  from  his  youth 
until  the  twentieth  year  of  his  age.  His  hopeful 
conversion  occurred  at  about  this  time,  when,  under 
the  impulse  of  his  new  love  to  Christ,  he  resolved 
to  obtain  an  education  and  enter  upon  the  work 
of  the  Christian  ministry.  lie  entered  Madison 
University  with  the  intention  of  taking  the  full 
course  of  study  in  that  institution,  but  ill  health 
compelled  him  to  leave.  His  subsequent  studies 
were  pursued  at  the  Worcester  Academy,  and  at 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  where  he 
graduated  in  the  class  of  1S42.  and  at  once  he  was 
ordained  at  "Brookline,  Mass..  Aug.  25,  1S42,  enter 
ing  immediately  on  his  ministerial  labors,  as  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Perth,  Canada,  Here  he 
remained  until  the  close  of  1S43,  when  he  took 
charge  of  the  Montreal  Baptist  College  for  one  yearr 
the  arrangement  being  a  temporary  one.  He  then 
became  pastor  of  the  March  Street  church  in  To 
ronto.  Canada,  where  he  remained  until  1848,  when 
he  returned  to  the  church  in  Perth,  and  was  its 
pastor  for  one  year.  From  Perth  he  went  to 
Warren,  R.  I.,  and  was  the  pastor  of  the  church  in 
that  place  for  four  years.  The  next  two  years  he 
was  pastor  in  Milwaukee,  Wis..  and  the  next  five 
years— 1S55-60— he  had  charge  of  the  Bond  Street 
church,  Toronto,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  ac- 


GAD  SHY 


429 


GAD  SB  V 


cepted  tin  appointment  as  principal  of  the  Literary 
Institute  at  Woodstock,  Canada.  It  was  an  ardu 
ous  undertaking,  and  it  was  only  by  the  exercise  of 
patience  and  rare  executive  abilities  that  the  enter 
prise  was  carried  on  until  it  reached  results  which 
rewarded  the  labor  and  the  sacrifice  of  its  friends. 
11  Never  was  man  more  devoted  to  his  work  :  never 
was  work  done  by  a  truer  »tnn.  He  has  laid  the 
Baptists  of  the  British  provinces  under  vast  obli 
gation,  and  his  memorial  can  never  perish  while 
veneration  and  gratitude  live  in  human  hearts.'' 


lint  it  was  not  merely  what  Dr.  Fyfe  did  as  the 
head  of  an  important  institution  of  learning  that 
made  his  influence  to  be  so  extensively  felt  in  the 
provinces.  Home  and  foreign  missions,  and  the 
cause  of  ministerial  education,  found  in  him  a 
warm  friend.  Everything  connected  with  the  pros- 

|  perity  of  the  denomination  he  so  much  loved  was 
an  object  of  interest  to  him.  From  the  midst  of 
his  labors  he  was  suddenly  called  to  his  reward. 
After  an  illness  of  but  a  day  or  two  he  died  at 

j  Woodstock,  Sept.  4,  1.S7S. 


G-. 


Gadsby,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Attlebor- 
ough,  England,  in  January,  1773.  In  early  life  he 
was  remarkable  for  "  frolic  and  mischief',1'  and  he 
was  the  undisputed  leader  of  his  companions.  He 
found  the  Saviour's  pardoning  love  before  he  was 
eighteen  years  of  age.  when  in  raptures  of  joy  he 
could  say,  "  He  loved  me,  he  gave  himself  for  me.'' 
His  first  attempt  to  address  the  throne  of  grace  in 
a  prayer-7iieetiMg  made  him  "tremble  from  head  to 
foot,"  and  feel  so  miserably  ashamed  of  himself 
that  he  concluded  he  would  never  pray  in  public 
again.  He  was  brought  up  among  the  Congre<;-a- 
tionalists,  whose;  fellowship  he  left,  and  was  bap 
tized  at  Coventry  in  1793.  Mr.  Gadsby  was  or 
dained  at  Desford,  July  .'!(),  ]S()i).  His  first  settle 
ment  was  at  Hincklcy,  where  he  remained  till  1S(),">, 
when  he  removed  to  Manchester.  In  that  city  he 
continued  till  his  death,  Jan.  27,  IS44. 

Mr.   Gadsby   was   one   of    the   most    remarkable 
preachers  of  the  first  half  of  the   nineteenth   cen 
tury.     His  pulpit  eccentricities  exceeded  those  of 
Rowland  Hill,  and  his  fame  was  as  well  known  in 
his   own   country.     He    had   a   more   original  and 
powerful  mind  than  Hill,  and  his  genius  was  of  the  ' 
same  order.     Under  his  sermons  very  remarkable 
conversions  occurred,  and  a  great  many  of  them. 
Numbers   of   persons    entered   his    meeting-house  i 
with   enmity  to    him   and   his   doctrines,  and  went 
away  rejoicing  in  his  Master  and  full  of  affection  i 
for  himself. 

He  believed  that  the  children  of  God  were  not  ! 
under  the  law,  as  a  rule  of  life,  but  under  the  pre 
cepts  of  the  gospel ;  for  this  he  was  branded  as  an 
Antinomian,  as  if  the  commandments  of  Christ  did 
not  embrace  all  that  was  moral  in  the  law.  He 
continually  denounced  "  free-will,"  and  in  its  stead 
he  upheld  sovereign  grace.  At  a  meeting  of  Dis 


senting   ministers    in    Manchester   during   his  pas 
torate   there,  it  was  resolved  that  the  best  method 
to  further  the  gospel  was  "  to  preach  in  a  way  that 
the  people  could  not  discern  whether  they  preached 
free-will  or  free-grace."     When  Mr.  Gadsby  heard 
the  decision  from   a  minister  who  was  present,  he 
quickly  informed  him  that  Satan  was  president  of 
that   meeting.      He  was   an    eloquent   advocate   of 
eternal  and  personal  election,  and  the  ultimate  tri 
umph   of  all    the    chosen    of  God,  notwithstanding 
their  own  weaknesses,  the  world's  attractions,  and 
!  Satan's  malicious  cunning.     He  would  say  of  the 
Saviour's  loving  scheme,  "  it  is  an  everlasting  gos 
pel,  proceeding   from   everlasting  love,  and  ending 
in  everlasting  glory."     The  themes  of  his  ministry 
were    "  the   deceit,  depravity,  and   helplessness   of 
human  nature;  the  first  work  of  divine  quickening 
in   the  cries,  desires,  and  sensations  of  the  living 
soul  ;  the  rich  glories  of  eternal  love  and  grace  in 
the   covenant    purposes    of   God   the    Father,   the 
mediatorial  glories  of  the  God-man,  the  inseparable 
union  of  the  church  with   him,  and  her  complete 
ness  in  him.  having  all  fullness  treasured  up  there, 
and  the  effectual  operations  and  sweet  anointings 
of  the  Holy  Ghost  in  the  heart."     He  was  a  rigid 
Baptist.     He  stated  to  a  Pedobaptist  congregation 
to  which  he  occasionally  preached  at  their  solicita 
tion  when  he  visited  London,  that  "  he  was  a  Bap 
tist  to  the  backbone,  and   backbone  and  all."     He 
had   no   sympathy  with   open   communion,  or  with 
any  other  innovation  upon   the  Saviour's  doctrines 
and  institutions. 

He  was  bold  as  a  lion,  and  he  was  meek  as  a 
little  child.  He  led  a  life  of  holiness  towards  God, 
his  enemies  themselves  being  judges.  He  had  a 
heart  full  of  sympathy  for  the  poor  and  the  unfor 
tunate,  to  whom  his  death  was  a  great  calamity. 


430 


lit;  was  an  earnest  friend  of  Sunday-schools,  and 
in  connection  with  his  own  church  In-  was  instru 
mental  in  establishing  a  school  which  flourished, 
an  1  in  securing:  a  separate  building  for  its  accom 
modation.  His  labors  were  herculean  ;  ho  preached 
three  times  on  the  Lord's  day  at  home,  and  often 
six  times  in  the  week  in  other  places;  he  traveled 
60,00(1  miles,  a  considerable  part  of  it  on  foot,  to 
proclaim  the  unsearchable  riches,  and  in  four  coun 
ties  alone  lie  was  instrumental,  directly  and  indi 
rectly,  in  the  erection  of  forty  houses  of  worship. 
lie  kept  distinct  from  the  Regular  Baptists  in  Eng- 
land.  though  his  faith  was  substantially  the  creed 
of  Dr.  (Jill. 

He  met  with  an  accident  in  1S4<>.  in  alluding  to 
which  the  Manchester  Times  says.  "  Any  cessation 
of  the  activity  of  such  a  man  is  a  public  calamity. 
His  preaching,  though  marked  by  some  eccentrici 
ties,  is  of  a  high  order,  combining  all  the  fervor  of 
a  deep  devotion  with  the  exercise  of  a  vigorous, 
acute,  and  original  intellect  ;  and  his  active  prac 
tical  benevolence,  manifesting  itself  not  only  by  the 
relief  of  the  distressed  around  him.  but  by  his 
ardent  desire  to  promote  good  legislation,  and  thus 
to  advance  the  happiness  of  the  whole  human  fam 
ily,  has  endeared  him  alike  to  the  sincere  Christian, 
the  philanthropist,  and  the  reformer  of  political 
abuses.  In  any  station  he  would  have  been  a  re 
markable  man." 

Mr.  Gadsby  was  the  author  of  twenty-two  works, 
some  of  which  have  been  widely  circulated. 

Gage,  Rev.  Moses  Dwight,  was  born  Jan.  4, 

1828.  at  New  Woodstock,  X.  Y.  ;  baptized  at  four 
teen,  and  licensed  in  I  Soft;  was  educated  at  Alfred 
Academy  and  Rochester  University.  He  became 
pastor,  and  was  ordained  at  Bedford.  Ind.,  in  1SOO, 
and  in  186 1  served  the  Pendleton  and  Muncic 
churches.  From  1862  he  was  three  years  chaplain 
of  the  12th  Ind.  Vol.  Regiment,  under  Grant  and 
Sherman,  and  wrote  a  history  of  the  campaigns.  In 
1805  he  became  pastor  at  Franklin,  Ind.,  for  two 
years,  helping  to  revive  the  college  there.  In  1807 
became  pastor  for  four  years  at  Junction  City.  Kan., 
and  built  a  Sf>000  church  edifice.  In  1873  he  moved 
to  California,  and  was  three  years  pastor  at  Marys- 
ville,  when  he  located  at  Camptonville  as  pastor 
and  teacher.  He  is  an  able  preacher,  a  fine 
scholar,  and  a  popular  educator ;  has  written  ex 
tensively  for  the  religious  and  educational  press, 
and  served  in  various  official  positions  in  Baptist 
Associations  and  Conventions. 

Gair,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Boston.  Feb. 
5.  1755.  He  was  baptized  July  2S,  1771.  He  was 
a  graduate  of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of 
1777.  lie  was  ordained  a  few  months  before  his 
graduation  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Medfield, 
Mass.,  where  he  remained  until  November,  1787. 
when  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Second 


Baptist  church  in  Boston.  His  ministry  was  suc 
cessful,  and  its  results  were  felt  long  after  his  de 
cease.  He  died  April  27,  17W.  One  of  his  sons. 
Samuel  Stillman  Gair,  Esq.,  was  connected  with 
the  famous  house  of  the  Baring  Brothers,  bankers, 
England. 

Gale,  Rev.  Amory,  was  born  in  Royalston. 
Mass.,  Aug.  24,  1*15.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he 
experienced  a  hope  in  Christ.  lie  was  early  called 
of  God  to  the  work  of  preaching  the  gospel. 


REV.   AMORY    GALE. 

His  preparatory  studies  were  pursued  at  Worces 
ter  Academy,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1S3'.». 

He  graduated  from  Brown  University  in  1843, 
and  from  Xewton  Theological  Seminary  in  1840. 
Under  his  labors  while  a  student  at  Brown  Univer- 
sitv  an  extensive  revival  was  experienced  in  Roy 
alston.  His  first  settlement  after  graduating  was 
at  Ware,  Mass.  Here  he  was  ordained  Nov.  11, 
1840.  In  the  spring  of  1857  he  received  a  com 
mission  from  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society  to  visit  the  West,  and  settled  with  the  First 
Baptisi  church  of  Minneapolis.  He  succeeded  Rev. 
T.  R.  Cressey  as  general  missionary  for  the  State, 
July  1, 1858.  For  fifteen  years  he  toiled  in  his  mis 
sionary  work,  and  reaped  a  glorious  harvest.  The 
Rev.  Lyman  Palmer  collated  many  facts  concerning 
Brother  Gale's  labors,  from  which  we  select  the  fol 
lowing  :  "  Sermons.  5000 ;  family  calls,  10,000;  books 
sold  o^r  donated,  25.000  volumes :  miles  traveled, 
100,000.— more  than  50,000  miles  of  his  missionary 
journeyings  were  with  Indian  ponies,  in  a  buggy  or 
a  sleigh."  Large  churches  were  anxious  for  his  ser- 


GALE 


431 


vices,  but  his  reply  was,  "  The  men  are  fewer  who 
will  take  fields  to  be  worked  up,  so  I  will  take  a 
new  field.''  lie  had  a  strong  physical  frame,  but 
it  was  the  constraining  love  of  Jesus  that  wrought 
within  him  an  indomitable  energy  to  grapple  with 
and  overcome  great  difficulties,  lie  did  not  stop  to 
look  at  obstacles,  but  to  inquire  for  needed  work. 
For  years  he  suffered  very  much  with  asthma,  and 
often  slept  leaning  against  the  wall  of  his  room. 
He  had  as  true  a  missionary  spirit  as  ever  dwelt  in 
a  human  heart.  lie  organized  Sunday-schools  all 
over  Minnesota.  At  the  time  of  his  death  there 
were  one  hundred  and  sixty-nine  Baptist  churches 
in  that  State,  more  than  one-half  of  which  he  had 
assisted  in  forming.  His  name  will  long  remain 
a  household  word  in  Minnesota. 

In  the  summer  of  1S74  he  sailed  for  Europe. 
While  abroad  he  visited  the  principal  places  of  in 
terest  in  Great  Britain,  many  of  the  continen 
tal  cities,  Greece,  Constantinople,  and  Palestine. 
At  Jaffa,  prostrated  by  Syrian  fever,  he  was  taken 
to  the  hospital,  where  he  died.  Xov.  'J.">.  1N74. 
During  his  travels  a  number  of  highly  interesting 
letters  from  his  pen  were  published  in  the  ll'itfr/i- 
man  and  Jtejtector,  of  Boston.  The  death  of  no 
citi/en  of  Minnesota  ever  occasioned  more  profound 
sadness.  He  was  buried  in  the  "  American  I.'rot- 
estant  Cemetery."  near  the  city  of  Jaffa. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  State  Convention, 
held  in  St.  Paul,  October.  1S7">,  the  following  reso 
lutions  were  unanimously  passed : 

"  WHEREAS.  Rev.  Amory  Gale  has  fallen  during 
the  past  year,  having  died  at  Jaffa,  in  Syria,  just 
as  he  had  fulfilled  a  long-cherished  desire  to  make 
a  tour  of  the  Holy  Land  ;  and  our  brother  beloved 
was  one  of  the  originators,  and  for  fifteen  years  was 
the  efficient,  self-sacrificing,  hard-working,  and  suc 
cessful  missionary  of  this  Convention,  and  of  the 
Home  Mission  Society  ;  and  there  is  one  heart-throb 
of  anguish  among  brethren  and  sisters  throughout 
our  entire  State,  especially  among  our  Scandina 
vian  and  German  brethren,  to  whom  our  brother 
was  especially  endeared  by  his  great  interest  in 
their  welfare;  therefore, 

^' Resolved,  That  we  express  not  only  our  deep 
grief  for  the  loss  we  have  sustained  in  the  sudden 
and  unexpected  death  of  Brother  Gale,  but  also  our 
high  appreciation  of  his  many  virtues,  and  of  his 
unparalleled  labors  in  severe  pioneer  work,  which 
have  been  so  effective  in  placing  our  denomina 
tional  interests  where  they  are  in  Minnesota  to-day. 

"  Rvsoli-ed,  That  we  tender  our  sympathy  to  the 
family  of  our  brother  in  their  severe  affliction." 

Gale,  Daniel  B.,  was  born  in  1810.  in  Salisbury, 
N.  II.  lie  was  educated  at  Xew  Hampton  Academy. 
He  removed  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  commenced  busi 
ness  in  1S37.  He  died  Xov.  10,  1S75.  His  widow 
has  given  expression  to  her  love  for  him  by  the 


donation  of  a  costly  organ  to  the  Second   Baptist 
church  of  St.  Louis,  called  the  "Gale  Organ." 

Daniel  B.  Gale  made  a  profession  of  religion  in 
1S57,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  J.  B.  Jeter,  D.D., 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of 
St.  Louis.  He  was  an  efficient  and  highly  esteemed 
member  of  this  community  till  his  death.  His  firm 
became  one  of  the  most  prosperous  in  St.  Louis, 
with  a  very  honorable  reputation.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  common  council,  and  a  trustee  of  his 
church.  His  great  modesty  kept  him  from  accept 
ing  offices  that  were  pressed  upon  him.  The  com 
munity  had  the  greatest  confidence  in  him.  His 
labors  and  benevolence  were  rarely  surpassed.  His 
memory  will  ever  be  tenderly  cherished  in  St. 
Louis. 

Gale,  Rev.  John,  Ph.D.,  was  born  in  London. 
England,  May  20.  10*0.  His  father,  a  distinguished 
citizen  of  London,  gave  him  every  facility  for  ac 
quiring  the  best  education.  To  this  end  he  sent 
him  to  Leyden.  in  Holland,  where  he  graduated 
with  honor  in  the  nineteenth  year  of  his  age. 

On  his  return  to  England  he  pursued  his  studies 
with  great  diligence,  especially  in  ancient  literature, 
heathen  and  Christian,  with  which  his  acquaint 
ance  became  very  extensive. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  William  Wall,  an  Episcopalian, 
wrote  the  li  History  of  Infant  Baptism,"  and  re 
ceived  the  thanks  (if  both  houses  of  Convocation 
for  the  work  ;  and  some  years  later,  when  he  pub 
lished  a  defense  of  his  book,  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  the  University  of  Oxford.  Dr. 
Wall's  history  is  one  of  the  ablest  defenses  of  im 
mersion  as  the  Scripture  mode  of  baptism  that  had 
appeared  till  that  time;  but  its  main  design  is  to 
establish  the  authority  of  infant  baptism.  ''  This." 
as  Crosby  says,  "  Dr.  Gale  answered,  before  he  was 
twenty-seven  years  of  age,  with  so  solid  a  judgment, 
such  extensive  learning,  and  so  great  moderation, 
that  it  gained  him  the  esteem  and  affection  not  only 
of  Baptists,  but  of  all  men  of  candor  and  learning 
on  the  opposite  side.''  Dr.  Whitby  and  Mr.  Wins 
ton  both  commend  Dr.  Gale's  learned  labors.  And 
Lord  Chancellor  King,  Dr.  Hoadley,  bishop  of 
Bangor,  and  Dr.  Bradford,  bishop  of  Rochester, 
became  his  friends.  He  began  to  preach  regularly 
in  his  thirty-fifth  year,  and  he  was  favored  with 
large  and  cultured  audiences.  He  planned  before 
his  death  to  write  an  exposition  of  the  Xew  Testa 
ment,  and  a  translation  of  the  Septuagint ;  but  a 
slow  fever  seized  him  in  his  forty-first  year,  and 
in  about  three  weeks  carried  him  to  the  grave. 
Dr.  Gale's  opinions  on  the  Deity  of  Christ  and  on 
some  other  vital  parts  of  the  Christian  system  were 
not  orthodox  ;  though  it  is  somewhat  difficult  to 
state  his  exact  positions.  His  works,  additional  to 
his  reply  to  "Wall,  were  published  in  four  octavo 
volumes  after  his  death. 


GALLAHKR 


432 


GAMBRKL 


Gallaher,  Rev.  Henry  M.,  LL.D.— I>r.  Gal- 

lahcr  was  born  at  Castlebar,  Irohunl,  Sept.  II, 
1S:>;}.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  1850.  ll.> 
was  graduated  from  Shurth'H'  College,  and  tin' 
theological  department  connected  witli  it.  On 
leaving  college  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the 
Vermont  Street  Baptist  church  of  Ojiincy.  111. 

In  1  Mi  1  he  was  called  to  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Brooklvn.  \.  Y..  which  In1  served  with  marked 
suecess  for  several  years.  lie  then  entered  on  an 
important  field  in  Klizabeth,  X.  J.,  from  which  lie 
went  to  Xe\v  Haven,  Conn.,  and  in  1S7(.)  he  ac 
cepted  thi'  call  of  the  Hanson  I'lace  Baptist  church. 
Brooklyn.  X.  Y. 

Wherever  he  has  been  a  pastor  his  congregations 
were  large,  often  overflowing  the  commodious 
houses  of  worship  where  they  were  assembled.  As 
a  preacher  and  a  lecturer  he  is  equally  popular. 
His  Irish  wit.  his  fervent  zeal  for  Christ  and  his 
cause,  his  keen  power  of  analysis,  and  the  gathered 
results  of  industrious  research  in  all  the  fields  of 
learning  give  him  an  extraordinary  influence  over 
his  audiences. 

He  generally  writes,  his  sermons,  and  closely  fol 
lows  the  line  of  thought  marked  out,  but  he  is  not 
confined  to  his  notes.  He  moves  rapidly  about  his 
pulpit  or  platform,  and  some  of  the  most  brilliant 
passages  in  his  discourses  are  not  in  his  manu 
scripts.  At  New  Haven,  his  meeting-house  was 
generally  thronged  by  the  students  of  Yale  College 
and  other  young  men,  many  of  whom  were  added 
to  his  church. 

His  warm  heart  makes  him  eminently  social  and 
attractive. 

Galusha,  Rev.  Elon,  a  son  of  Gov.  Galusha. 

of  Vermont,  began  his  ministry  early  in  life,  in 
spiring  brilliant  hopes,  and  fulfilling  the  expecta 
tions  of  his  friends.  lie  labored  many  years  at 
Whitesborough,  near  Utica,  N.  Y.,  afterwards  in 
Utica,  and  subsequently  in  Rochester,  Perry,  and 
Lockport.  He  was  president  of  the  Baptist  Mis 
sionary  Convention  of  New  York,  and  he  acted  as 
agent  for  several  local  and  national  institutions. 
For  years  he  was  one  of  the  best-known  men  in 
the  State.  He  possessed  a  rich  imagination,  clow- 
ing  enthusiasm,  and,  when  his  sympathies  were 
thoroughly  enlisted,  pure  eloquence.  Few  men 
could  carry  a  large  congregation  with  such  over 
whelming  power  as  Mr.  Galusha.  He  was  one  of 
the  most  unselfish  and  devout  of  Christians.  He 
was  a  father  and  a  leader  in  Israel,  whose  memory 
has  a  blessed  fragrance.  He  died  at  Lockport. 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  6,  1856. 

Galusha,  GOV.  Jonas,  was  born  in  Norwalk, 
Conn.,  Feb.  11.  1753,  and  came  to  Shaftsbury,  Yt. 
in  1775.  From  1777  to  1780  he  was  captain  of  a 
militia  company.  In  the  famous  battle  of  Ben- 
nington  he  led  two  companies.  He  was  a  repre 


sentative  from  Shaftsbury  in  the  Legislature  of 
Vermont  in  ISidl.  He  was  councillor  from  October, 
17'.'-">.  until  October.  17'.)'.l.  and  again  from  October, 
|S()|,  to  October,  isoij.  From  17*1  to  1787  he  was 
sheriff  of  Bennington  County.  He  was  judge  of 
the  County  Court  fr<>m  17U5  until  1798,  and  acain 
from  ]S()1  until  1807;  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
in  1807  and  Isos.  He  was  governor  of  Yermunt 
from  ISO1,)  to  islM,  and  again  from  181 5  until  1S20. 
In  1808.  1X20.  and  1824,  he  was  an  elector  of  Presi 
dent  and  Viee-President,  and  a  member  of  the  con 
stitutional  conventions  of  1*14  and  1S-J2,  of  both  of 
which  he  was  the  president.  His  services  in  public 
life  covered  a  period  of  forty  years. 

Gov.  Galusha,  although  not  a  member  of  the 
church,  wiis  a  Baptist  in  sentiment,  and  took  an  in 
terest  in  the  affairs  of  the  denomination  in  the  State 
of  Yermont.  "  He  maintained  family  worship  in  all 
its  forms,  was  known  to  observe  private  devotions, 
was  an  habitual  attendant  upon  public  worship  and 
at  social  meetings,  and  frequently  took  an  active 
part  in  the  latter.  When  nearly  seventy-nine  years 
of  age.  he  attended  a  protracted  meeting  at  Man 
chester,  and  took  an  active  part  in  its  exercises; 
as  a  result  of  which  he  was  aroused  to  a  sense  of 
the  duty  of  making  a  public  profession  of  religion, 
and  announced  his  intention  to  do  so,  but  was  pre 
vented  by  a  stroke  of  paralysis,  which  he  experi 
enced  soon  after,  and  from  which  he  never  recov 
ered.  His  children  wen?  well  trained,  and  all  of 
them  who  survived  childhood  became  professors  of 
religion  :  one  of  them,  Klon,  an  eminent  minister 
in  the  Baptist  denomination."  (iov.  Galusha  died 
at  Shaftsbury.  Yt..  Sept.  24.  1834. 

Galusha,  Hon.  Truman,  was  born  in  Shafts- 
bury,  Yt.,  in  October.  17*1),  and  was  the  eldest  son 
of  Gov.  Jonas  Galusha.  He  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Caleb  Blood,  and  united  with  the  church  in  Shafts- 
bury.  Subsequently  he  removed  to  Jericho.  Yt. 
He  held  various  offices  of  honor  in  his  native  State. 
among  them  that  of  associate  judge  of  Chittenden 
County  Court.  As  a  Baptist  layman  he  was  highly 
respected  in  Yermont.  where  he  did  much  to  pro 
mote  the  interests  of  his  denomination.  He  died 
at  Jericho.  Yt.  June  13,  1859. 

Gambrel,  Rev.  James  B.,  editor  of  the  Missis 
sippi  Baptist  Record,  and  pastor  at  Clinton,  Miss., 
was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  1S41,  but  was  reared 
in  Mississippi:  held  the  rank  of  captain  in  the 
Confederate  army;  began  to  preach  in  1867;  after 
serving  country  churches  two  years  he  became 
pastor  at  West  Point,  Miss.  ;  in  1872  became  pastor 
at  Oxford,  Miss.,  and  while  supplying  the  church 
attended  the  University  of  Mississippi,  which  is 
located  at  this  place.  He  sustained  this  relation 
five  years,  during  which  the  church  was  much 
strengthened.  Having  acquired  considerable  repu 
tation  as  a  writer,  he  was  chosen  as  editor  of  the 


GAMMKLl 


GAXO 


Mississippi  Baptist  AV,W,  a  position  which  he  fills 
with  ability. 

Gammell,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Boston, 

Jan.  9,  1780.     His  early  religious  associations  were 
with  the  Federal   Street  Unitarian  church,  which 
became  so  famous  on  account  of  the  ministry  in  it 
of  the  celebrated   Rev.   Dr.  William  E.  ('banning 
Of  this  church   the  parents  of  Mr.  Gammell  were 
members.     Having  experienced  conversion,  in   the 
evangelical  sense  of  that  word,  he  was  baptized  in 
1805    by  Rev.    Dr.  Stillman,  and    united   with    the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Boston.      lie  was  educated 
in  the  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  studied  the 
ology   under   the   direction    of    Rev.  William  Wil 
liams,    of  Wrentham,    Mass.     While   devoting  his 
attention   to  divinity,  he  was  invited  to  supply  the 
pulpit  of  the  church  in   Bellingham,  Mass.,  which 
gave  him  a  call,  and  ho  was  ordained  as  pastor  in 
180'J.     In  1810  he  removed  to  Medfield,  Mass.     In 
this  place  there  grew  up  under  his  ministry  a  flour 
ishing  church,  which  was   gathered  not  only  from 
Medfield,  but  from   the  adjoining  towns.      To  it  he 
ministered  for  thirteen  years,  and  then  resigned  in 
August,  1823,  and  removed  to  Xewport,  II.  I.,  and 
became  the  pastor  of  the  Second    Baptist  church. 
Here  his  ministry  was  eminently  successful,  a  lar«-e 
congregation  was  drawn  to   the  house   of  worship 
by   his  attractive  eloi[uenee   and   his    zeal   for   tin- 
honor  of  his  Master.      In   the   midst   of  his   great 
usefulness  and  popularity  he  died  suddenly  of  apo 
plexy.  May  30,  1^27,   in   the   forty-second' year  of 
his    age.       He    received    the    honorary    degree    of 
A.M.  from  Brown   University  in  1817,  and  in  1820 
was  elected  a  member  of  the   corporation.      "  He 
was,"  says  his  son,  Prof.  W.  Gammell.  "a  highly 
acceptable  preacher,  and  an  earnest  friend  of  every 
object  connected  with   the  extension   of  Christian 
ity." 

Gammell,  William,  LL.D.,  was  bom  in  Med 
field  (where  his  father  was  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church),  Feb.  10,  1812.  He  entered  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  1X27,  and  graduated  in  1S3I.  The  class 
numbered  only  thirteen,  but  several  of  its  members 
arrived  at  considerable  distinction  in  their  different 
callings  in  life.  Among  them  wen;  Hon.  F.  W. 
Bird,  Rev.  Drs.  Hoppin  and  Waterman,  and  David 
King,  M.I).  For  three  years  Mr.  Gammell  was 
tutor  in  Brown  University.  In  1X3:")  he  was  chosen 
Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  English  Literature,  and 
held  the  office  for  fifteen  years,  when  he  was  trans 
ferred  to  the  chair  of  History  and  Political  Econ 
omy.  His  term  of  service  in  the  college,  which 
covered  a  period  of  thirty-three  years,  came  to  an 
end  in  1864.  He  commenced  his  college  life  as  a 
Freshman  under  Dr.  Wayland,  and  was  associated 
with  him  as  a  student  or  an  instructor  during  his 
whole  administration,  which  closed  in  1855.  He 
was  also  professor  nine  years  under  President  Sears. 


During  this  long  period  Prof.  Gammell  conducted 
the  studies  of  the  two  departments  in  which  he  was 
the  professor  with  great  ability  and  success,  leaving 
the  impress  of  his  fine  taste  and  rare  skill  in  the 
elegant  use  of  the  Knglish  language  on  hundreds 
of  young  men,  who,  both  consciously  and  uncon 
sciously,  were  influenced  by  his  instructions  and 
his  personal  example.  Prof.  Gammell  was  not  only 
a  college  professor,  conducting  the  ordinary  routine 
of  hearing  recitations  and  doing  his  part  in  main 
taining  discipline,  but  he  found  time  to  prepare  a 
large  amount  of  matter  for  the  press.  Sparks's 
•'  Biography"  is  indebted  to  him  for  lives  of  Ro-ror 
Williams  and  (Joy.  Samuel  Ward.  He  wrote  a 
"  History  of  Baptist  Missions."  which  is  a  standard 
authority  in  matters  of  which  it  treats  to  this  day. 
He  was  for  some  time  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Christian.  A\r />;/•.  and  the  writer  of  many  articles 
which  have  been  given  to  the  world  through  various 
channels. 

Since  his  resignation  in  1804.  Prof.  Gammell  has 
resided  in  Providence  and  Xewport.  devoting  his 
time  and  thoughts  to  the  administration  of  his 
business  affairs  and  to  the  oversight  of  charitable 
and  educational  institutions  with  which  he  is  con 
nected. 

Gandy,  D.  R.,  a  prominent  Baptist  layman  in 
Sabine  Association,  La.  :  was  sheriff  of  Sabine 
Parish  many  years,  and  in  1853  served  one  term  in 
the  Legislature  of  the  State  :  born  in  Georgia  in 
181]  ;  died  in  Louisiana  in  1S07. 

Gano,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Hopewell,X.  .).. 
•July  22.  1727.  His  family  was  of  French  origin. 
and  its  name  Gerneaux.  Mr.  Gano's  father  was  a 
pious  Presbyterian,  and  he  felt  inclined  to  follow 
in  his  fathers  religious  footsteps,  but  an  examina 
tion  of  the  subject  of  baptism  led  him  to  take  the 
Saviour's  immersion  in  the  Jordan  as  his  model 
and  to  unite  with  the  Baptist  church  of  Hopewell. 
^  itli  a  new  heart,  a  Scriptural  creed,  and  a  call 
from  Christ  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  was  ordained 
May  29.  1754,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Scotch 
Plains  church.  He  removed  to  the  South  after  a 
two  years'  settlement  at  Scotch  Plains,  where  he 
remained  till  1700.  In  June,  1702,  the  First  Bap 
tist  church  of  New  York  was  constituted,  its  mem 
bers  having  received  letters  for  this  purpose  from 
the  parent  church  at  Scotch  Plains.  Immediately 
after  their  organization  they  called  Mr.  Gano  to  be 
their  pastor.  He  accepted  the  invitation,  and  held 
the  position  for  twenty-six  eventful  years.  His 
ministry  was  greatly  blessed  in  Xew  York,  and  the 
church  that  commenced  its  ecclesiastical  life  with 
twenty-seven  members  soon  became  a  power  in  the 
future  Empire  City. 

Mr.  Gano  was  deeply  interested  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  struggle,  and  when  fighting  began  he  en 
tered  the  army  as  chaplain  to  Gen.  Clinton's  New 


GAXO 


GAXO 


York  brigade,  and  performed  services  which  ren 
dered  him  dear  to  the  officers  and  men  with  whom 
he  was  associated.  Nor  did  IK;  ever  shun  the  scene 
of  danger,  though  his  duties  were  entirely  peaceful. 
Ileadley,  in  his  "  Chaplains  and  Clergy  of  the  Rev 
olution."  savs, '*  In  the  fierce  conflicton  Chatterton's 
Hill,  Mr.  Gano  was  continually  under  lire,  and  his 
cool  and  quiet  courage  in  thus  fearlessly  exposing 
himself  was  afterwards  commented  on  in  the  most 


spirit,  that  "  Baptist  chaplains  were  the  most  prom 
inent  and  useful  in  the  army"  ? 

On  the  return  of  Mr.  Gano  to  New  York  at  the 
close  of  the  war  he  could  only  find  thirty-seven 
members  of  his  church  ;  these  lie  gathered  together 
again,  and  the  Lord  soon  gave  him  and  his  people 
a  gracious  revival,  which  imparted  strength  ami 
hope  to  his  discouraged  church.  In  Mav,  17^8,  he 
removed  to  Kentucky,  and  became  pastor  of  the 


REV.  JOHN"    GANG. 


glowing  terms  by  the  officers  who  stood  near  him.'' 
In  speaking  of  his  conduct  on  that  occasion,  he 
said,  "My  station  in  time  of  action  I  knew  to  be 
among  the  surgeons,  but  in  this  battle  I  somehow 
got  in  the  front  of  the  regiment,  yet  I  durst  not 
quit  my  place  for  fear  of  dampening  the  spirits  of 
the  soldiers,  or  of  bringing  on  myself  an  imputa 
tion  of  cowardice."  Ileadley  states  that  when  he 
•'saw  more  than  half  the  army  flying  from  the 
sound  of  cannon,  others  abandoning  their  pieces 
without  firing  a  shot,  and  a  brave  band  of  six  hun 
dred  maintaining  a  conflict  with  the  whole  British 
army,  filled  with  chivalrous  and  patriotic  sympathy 
for  the  valiant  men  that  refused  to  run,  he  could 
not  resist  the  strong  desire  to  share  their  perils, 
and  he  eagerly  pushed  forward  to  the  front."  Any 
wonder  that  Washington  should  say  of  chaplains  j 
like  Mr.  Gano,  and  there  were  other  Baptists  of  his  ! 


Town  Fork  church,  near  Lexington.  He  died  in 
1804. 

Mr.  Gano  was  the  brother-in-law  of  Dr.  Man 
ning,  the  first  president  of  Brown  University,  whose 
ordination  sermon  he  preached.  lie  was  one  of  the 
earliest  and  most  influential  friends  of  Rhode  Island 
College.  He  went  everywhere  to  further  Baptist 
interests.  lie  had  a  fund  of  energy  greater  than 
most  men,  and  an  intellect  which  could  grasp  any 
subject.  He  was  regarded  in  his  day  as  "  a  star 
of  the  first  magnitude,"  "  a  prince  among  the  hosts 
of  Israel,"  ''a  burning  and  a  shining  light,  and 
many  rejoiced  in  his  light."  One  of  his  sons,  Dr. 
Stephen  Gano,  was  for  thirty-six  years  the  beloved 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Gano,  Rev.  Stephen,  M.D.,  was  born  Dec.  25, 
1762,  in  the  city  of  New  York.  His  father  at  the 
time  of  his  birth  was  the  pastor  of  the  Gold  Street 


GAXO 


435 


GARDNER 


Baptist  church.  He  was  a  nephew  of  Rev.  James 
Manning,  and  the  purpose  of  his  parents  was  to 
send  him  to  the  Ilhode  Island  College,  of  which  his 
uncle  was  the  president,  but  so  great  were  the  dis 
tractions  caused  by  the  Revolutionary  war  that 
they  were  obliged  to  sacrifice  their  wishes  in  this 
respect.  He  was  placed  under  the  care  of  his  ma 
ternal  uncle,  Dr.  Stiles,  and  educated  with  special 
reference  to  the  medical  profession.  Having  com 
pleted  his  studies,  and  being  desirous  of  entering 
the  army,  he  was  appointed  a  surgeon  at  the  age  of 
nineteen,  and  for  two  years  was  in  the  public  ser 
vice.  The  title  of  doctor  which  he  received  in  his 
youthful  days  he  bore  in  after  years,  and  was  called 
"Doctor"  Gano.  While  occupied  with  his  practice 
as  a  physician  in  Tappan,  now  Orangetown,  X.  Y., 
he  became  a  subject  of  God's  converting  grace.  At 
once  he  seems  to  have  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  give 
himself  to  the  work  of  the  Christian  ministry,  and 
was  ordained  on  the  2d  of  August,  1786.  After 
spending  some  time  preaching  in  the  vicinity  of  his 
native  city  he  received,  in  17U2,  a  unanimous  Invi 
tation  to  become  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Providence,  R.  I.  His  ministry  here 
was  a  long  and  remarkably  successful  one,  from 
which  he  did  not  cease  until  three  months  before 
his  death.  His  sickness  was  a  distressing  one,  but 
he  bore  his  pains  with  patience,  and  died  in  the 
triumphs  of  faith  on  the  18th  of  August,  1828.  For 
thirty-six  years  he  had  been  a  power  for  good  in 
the  community  in  which  he  had  lived  for  so  long  a 
time,  and  when  he  passed  away  devout  men  bore 
him  to  the  grave,  and  his  memory  is  still  cherished 
with  loving  regard  in  the  church  he  served  with 
such  rare  devotion  to  their  interests. 

Dr.  Gano  was  one  of  the  most  interesting  and 
instructive  preachers  of  the  times  in  which  he 
lived.  "He  possessed,"  says  his  son-in-law,  the 
late  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Jackson,  "  many  qualities  to 
render  his  preaching  both  attractive  and  impressive. 
He  had  a  fine  commanding  figure,  being  more  than 
six  feet  in  stature,  arid  every  way  well  proportioned. 
His  voice  was  full,  sonorous,  and  altogether  agree 
able.  His  manner  was  perfectly  artless  and  un 
studied.  He  had  great  command  of  language,  and 
could  speak  with  fluency  and  appropriateness  with 
little  or  no  premeditation.  His  discourses  were 
eminently  experimental,  and  were  adapted  to  every 
Christian,  while  they  abounded  in  appeals  to  the 
careless  and  the  ungodly.''  His  confidence  in  the 
efficacy  of  prayer  was  remarkable,  and  his  views 
of  firmly  trusting  in  the  leadings  of  God's  provi 
dence  singularly  clear  and  strong. 

The  Hon.  James  Tallmadge,  LL.D.,  who  was  a 
relative  of  his  second  Avife,  and  resided  in  his  family 
while  pursuing  his  studies  in  Brown  University, 
thus  speaks  of  Dr.  Gano  in  a  letter  which  may  be 
found  in  Sprague's  "  Annals"  : 


"  Dr.  Gano  was  admitted  on  all  hands  to  hold  a 
high  rank  among  the  ministers  of  his  denomina 
tion.  He  devoted  himself  with  great  assiduity  to 
the  duties  of  his  profession.  Wednesday  and  Sat 
urday  he  gave  to  the  work  of  preparation  for  the 
duties  of  the  Sabbath  and  other  appointed  services. 
It  was  his  custom  in  studying  his  sermons  to  note 
on  a  small  piece  of  paper  his  text  and  the  general 
divisions  of  his  discourse,  with  reference  to  passages 
of  Scripture  and  other  illustrations  of  his  subject. 
This  memorandum,  placed  in  the  book  before  him. 
was  a  sufficient  guide  to  his  thoughts,  and  it  enabled 
him  to  speak  with  great  promptness  and  lluency. 

"  His  personal  appearance  was  prepossessing,  his 
voice  manly,  his  articulation  distinct,  and  his  dic 
tion  clear  and  impressive.  His  preaching  was  in 
turn  doctrinal,  practical,  and  experimental.  His 
exhortations  were  often  exceedingly  earnest  and 
pathetic,  and,  in  the  application  of  his  discourse, 
it  was  not  uncommon  for  a  portion  of  his  audience 
to  be  melted  into  tears. 

"  The  administration  of  the  ordinance  of  baptism 
in  connection  with  the  singing  of  a  hymn  at  the 
water,  according  to  the  usage  of  the  Baptist  Church, 
afforded  a  fine  opportunity  for  the  display  of  his 
powers.  His  eloquence  on  these  occasions  was 
often  greatly  admired.  He  was  a  favorite  among 
his  friends,  and  had  a  high  standing  both  as  a  man 
and  as  a  minister  in  his  denomination.'' 

Gardner,  Rev.  Benjamin  West,  was  born  in 
Providence,  R.  I.,  July  4,  1822;  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  1S50,  and  at  the  Xewton  Theological 
Institution  in  1853.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Sheldonville,  Mass.,  in  September  of  the 
same  year,  and  remained  there  two  years.  For 
three  years  he  preached  in  Mansfield,  Mass..  and 
for  nine  years  at  West  Dedham.  The  drafts  made 
upon  a  constitution,  never  strong,  were  too  great, 
and  he  was  obliged  to  leave  the  pastoral  office. 
North  Marshfield  was  his  home  for  the  last  five 
years  of  his  life.  He  died  July  f>,  1874.  He  was  a 
faithful,  conscientious  minister  of  Christ. 

Gardner,  George  W.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Pom- 
fret,  Vt.,  Oct.  8,  1828.  At  the  early  age  of  four 
teen  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Bap 
tist  church  in  Canaan,  N.  II.,  by  Rev.  George  W. 
Cutting.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at  the 
academy  in  Thetford,  Vt.,  and  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  the  class  of  1852.  For  one  year 
he  was  principal  of  the  academy  in  Ludlow.  Vt., 
and  then  took  charge  of  the  New  London  Institu 
tion,  of  which  he  was  the  principal  for  eight  years. 
During  this  period  over  one  thousand  different  stu 
dents  were  connected  with  the  school,  and  about 
one  hundred  and  fifty  young  men  were  prepared 
for  college  under  his  immediate  instruction.  He 
was  ordained  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel  in  Sep 
tember,  1858.  In  November,  1861,  he  was  installed 


GARDNER 


430 


G All LICK 


as  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  where  lie  remained  eleven  years.  In 
September,  1X7'-'.  lie  entered  upon  his  duties  as  cor 
responding  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Mis- 


(JEORCK     \V.    (lAKDXER,   ]).P. 

sionary  Union,  of  tin-  Kxecutive  Committee  of  whose 
board  he  had  been  a  member  for  the  five  years 
previous,  lie  acted  as  corresponding  secretary  of 
the  Union  for  four  years,  when  the  two  secretary 
ships  hitherto  existing  were  merged  into  one,  and 
Dr.  Gardner  retired  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  pas 
torate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Cleveland,  O. 
His  connection  with  the  church  commenced  in  Oc 
tober,  1876,  and  continued  between  one  and  two 
years. 

While  residing  in  New  Hampshire,  Dr.  Gardner 
was  prominently  connected  with  educational  work 
in  that  State,  and  was  a  member  of  the  State  Board 
of  Education  for  two  years.  In  1X70  he  made  an 
extensive  tour  of  Europe  and  the  Holy  Land. 
During  the  years  1X73-70  he  was  the  editor  of  the 
Missiaiifiri/  .}f<tijitzi>K>.  lit;  has  contributed  to  the 
pages  of  the  Baptist  Quarter?;/,  published  several 
missionary  tracts,  and  was  the  Sunday-school  editor 
of  the  Watchman  and  Reflector  for  1X71  and  1872. 
He  has  published  several  sermons  in  pamphlet 
form,  and  has  been  a  contributor  to  the  religious 
papers. 

Dr.  Gardner,  in  February,  1XS1,  was  elected  to 
the  presidency  of  Central  University.  Towa.  Dart 
mouth  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  in  1X07. 

Gardner,  Rev.  Solomon,  a  pioneer  in  Bradley 


Co.,  Ark.,  was  born  in  Mississippi  in  1X'24  ;  came  to 
Arkansas  in  lcS44  ;  served  with  distinction  in  1st 
Miss.  Regiment  in  the  war  with  Mexico:  began 
to  preach  in  1X5',);  has  at  different  times  supplied 
most  of  the  churches  of  his  region  ;  served  with 
ability  one  term  in  the  Arkansas  Legislature  at  a 
most  critical  period  ;  was  commissary  of  the  Oth 
Ark.  Regiment  in  the  Confederate  armv. 

Gardner,  William  W.,  D.D.,  a  pastor,  edu 
cator,  and  author,  was  born  in  Barren  Co.,  Ky.. 
Oct.  1,  IX1X.  In  his  eighteenth  year  he  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine.  In  1X3X  he  united  with  a 
Baptist  church,  and  the  following  year  entered 
Georgetown  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1X43. 
In  1*44  he  was  ordained  to  the  pastorate  of  the 
Baptist  church  at  Shelby ville.  Ky.  In  1X47  he 
took  charge  of  the  church  at  Maysville,  Kv.,  where 
he  remained  until  lxf)l.  when  lie  became  agent 
of  the  Baptist  General  Association  of  Kentucky. 
At  the  close  of  the  year  he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Mayslick.  From  1X57  to  JXO(.)  he  was 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Russellville,  and  Pro 
fessor  of  Theology  in  Bethel  College.  At  the  lat 
ter  date  he  resigned  the  charge  of  the  church,  and 
gave  his  time  to  the  duties  of  his  professorship. 
When  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary 
was  removed  from  Greenville.  S.  ('.,  to  Louisville, 
Ky.,  the  theological  department  of  Bethel  and 
Georgetown  Colleges  was  abolished,  and  Dr.  Gard 
ner  resumed  the  pastoral  office  at  Glasgow,  Ky. 
lie  has  recently  removed  to  Russellvillc.  where  he 
now  resides. 

Dr.  Gardner  has  manifested  especial  excellence 
as  a  teacher  of  New  Testament  theology,  and  has 
published  several  books  and  pamphlets,  among 
which  is  a  volume  on  church  communion,  which 
has  met  with  much  favor. 

Garlick,  Joseph  R.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  King 
William  Co..  Va.,  Dec.  30,  1825.  His  early  train 
ing  was  at  the  neighboring  schools.  In  1X40  he 
entered  the  Virginia  Baptist  Seminary  (now  Rich 
mond  College),  and  remained  there  till  the  fall  of 
1841,  when  he  matriculated  at  the  Columbian  Col 
lege,  and  graduated  in  1X43.  Being  not  quite 
eighteen  years  of  age  at  this  time,  he  engaged  in 
teaching  until  January,  1X4',*.  when,  having  been 
ordained  the  year  previous,  he  was  elected  pastor 
of  the  Hampton  Baptist  church,  Va.,  remaining 
there  four  years.  For  two  years  he  was  connected 
with  the  Chowan  Female  Institute,  Murfreesbor- 
ongh,  N.  C.  He  removed  thence,  in  1855,  to 
Bruington,  King  and  Queen  Co.,  and  established 
the  Rappahannock  Female  Institute,  over  which 
he  presided  for  fourteen  years,  and  for  ten  years 
of  that  time  was  also  pastor  of  St.  Stephen's  Bap 
tist  church,  in  that  county.  His  present  field  is 
the  Leigh  Street  church,  Richmond,  where  he  lias 
labored  for  nearly  nine  years.  This  church  nuin- 


GARNETT 


GARRKTT 


bers  nearly  900  members,  and  is  probably  the  largest 
white  church  in  the  South.  It  is  a  rigorous  arid 
busy  hive  of  earnest  Christian  workers.  Dr.  Oar- 
lick  received  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  course  from 
the  Columbian  College  in  1846,  and  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.I),  from  Richmond  College.  He  is  also 
president  of  the  State  Mission  of  the  Baptist  Gen 
eral  Association  of  Virginia.  He  removed  from 
Richmond  to  King  and  Queen  Co.,  Va.,  where  he 
is  now  preaching. 

Garnett,  Judge  James,  was  born  of  pious  Bap 
tist  parents  in  Adair  Co..  Ky.,  July  S,  1834.  After 
attending  the  common  school  of  his  neighborhood, 
he  finished  his  education  at  a  private  academy  con 
ducted  by  Mr.  Saunders.  At  the  age  of  eighteen 
he  was  employed  in  the  office  of  the  county  clerk 
of  Adair,  'where  he  remained  three  years,  indus 
triously  devoting  his  leisure  hours  to  reading  law. 
He  completed  his  studies  in  the  law-office  of  Judge 
T.  E.  Bramlette,  and  in  November,  1S56,  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  his  native  countv.  In  August, 
1871,  he  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  Legislature  of 
Kentucky,  and  served  in  one  regular  and  one  extra 
session  of  that  body.  In  1S74  he  was  elected  judge 
of  the  sixth  judicial  district  of  Kentucky,  which  po 
sition  he  has  iilled  with  ability  until  the  present 
time.  Judge  Garnett  was  baptized  into  the  fellow 
ship  of  the  Baptist  Church  at  Columbia,  Ky.,  in 
1857,  by  Rev.  II.  McDonald,  D.D.,  now  of  Rich- 
mond,  Va. 

Garrard,  GOV.  James,  an  eminent  statesman, 
and  a  man  of  great  purity  of  life  and  character, 
was  born  in  Stafford  Co.,  Va..  -Jan.  14,  1749.  He 
entered  the  service  of  the  colonies  as  a  militia 
officer  early  in  their  struggle  with  the  mother- 
country.  He  was  called  from  the  head  of  his 
command  in  the  army  to  a  seat  in  the  Virginia 
Legislature,  where  he  was  a  zealous  and  influen 
tial  advocate  of  the  passage  of  the  famous  bill  for 
the  establishment  of  religious  liberty.  He  was 
among  the  early  settlers  of  Kentucky,  where  lie 
was  a  leading  member  of  nearly  all  the  political 
conventions  of  that  district,  including  the  one 
which  formed  the  first  constitution  of  the  State. 
In  early  life  he  united  with  the  Baptists  in  Vir 
ginia,  at  a  time  when  they  endured  fierce  persecu 
tion.  After  his  settlement  in  Kentucky  he  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry.  In  1791,  pending  the 
convention  which  formed  the  first  constitution  of 
Kentucky,  a  committee,  composed  of  James  Gar 
rard,  Ambrose  Dudley,  and  Augustine  Eustin,  re 
ported  to  Elkhorn  Association  a  memorial  and  re 
monstrance  in  favor  of  excluding  slavery  from  tiie 
Commonwealth  by  constitutional  enactment.  After 
serving  several  times  in  the  Kentucky  Legislature, 
Mr.  Garrard  was  elected  governor  of  the  Common 
wealth  in  1796,  which  office  he  held  by  re-election 
eight  successive  years.  Kentucky  has  never  had  a 


citizen  that  stood  higher  in  popular  estimation  than 
Gov.  Garrard.  He  died  at  his  residence  in  Bourbon 
Co..  Ky.,  Jan.  9,  1822. 

Garrard,  Rev.  John,  was  brought  up.  con 
verted,  and  ordained  in  Pennsylvania,  and  lie  set 
tled  in  Virginia  in  1754  to  preach  Jesus.  His 
labors  were  specially  given  to  Berkeley  and  Lou- 
don  Counties.  He  assisted  in  the  formation  of  the 
Ketocton  Association,  and  his  great  love  for  souls 
was  rewarded  by  the  conversion  of  large  numbers. 
He  was  one  of  those  heaven-honored  preachers 
whose  memory  should  be  precious  to  the  Baptist 
denomination  throughout  all  time.  His  brethren 
in  the  ministry  gave  him  the  most  prominent  place 
in  their  meetings,  and  his  example  and  spirit  were 
universally  commended.  He  lived  to  be  a  very 
old  man.  and  died  about  1784. 

Garrard,  Rev.  John,  sometimes  written  Ger- 
rard,  was  among  the  first  preachers  that  settled  in 
Kentucky.  Where  he  came  from  is  unknown. 
On  the  18th  of  June,  1781,  at  the  constitution  of 
Severn  Valley  church,  in  Hardin  Co.,  Ky.,  he  was 
installed  in  the  pastoral  office  of  that  body,  and  was 
consequently  the  first  minister  of  any  church  in 
the  Mississippi  Valley.  In  May.  1782,  he  was  cap 
tured  by  Indians,  and  never  heard  of  afterwards. 

Garrett,  Rev.  Hosea,  was  born  in  Laurens 
District,  S.  C.,  Nov.  26.  1800;  ordained  to  the 
ministry  in  1834.  His  first  pastorate  was  in  1836. 
Removed  to  Texas  in  February.  1842.  and  settled 
in  Washington  County,  near  Independence,  and  has 
resided  in  the  same  county  ever  since.  Preached 
to  some  of  the  most  important  churches,  lie  has 
been  always  regarded  as  a  remarkably  sound  and 
logical  preacher.  One  of  its  original  founders,  he 
has  been  for  nearly  thirty-five  years  devoted  to  the 
maintenance  of  Baylor  University,  contributing, 
liberally  of  his  time  and  means  for  that  object, 
acting  as  agent  at  one  time,  and  as  president  of  the 
trustees  nearly  all  the  time  up  to  the  present 
moment.  As  a  preacher  he  is  plain  and  perspicu 
ous.  In  judgment  and  conservative  policy  he  is 
the  Nestor  of  Texas  Baptists.  He  is  well  known 
as  an  officer  of  the  State  and  Southern  Conventions. 

Garrett,  Judge  Oliver  Hazard  Perry,  was 

born  May  29,  1816,  in  Laurens  District,  S.  C.,  and 
was  educated  in  the  district  in  which  he  was  born. 
In  December,  1833,  he  professed  religion,  and  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  Jonathan  Deweesinto  the  fellow 
ship  of  the  Warrior  Creek  Baptist  church  ;  re 
moving  to  Texas,  lie  was  ordained,  in  1844,  a  deacon 
of  Providence  Baptist  church.  Washington  County, 
Rev.  Win.  M.  Tryon,  Rev.  II.  E.  B.  Baylor,  and 
Rev.  Hosea  Garrett  acting  as  the  Presbytery.  He 
has  continued  in  the  office  till  this  time.  He  served 
as  clerk  of  Providence  church  from  1848  to  1868. 
In  October,  1856,  at  Cold  Springs,  Walker  County, 
he  was  elected  clerk  of  the  Union  Association,  and 


GARROTT 


438 


lie  is  still  clerk.  In  October,  1S;VJ,  at  Waco,  he 
was  elected  recording  secretary  of  the  Texas  Bap 
tist  State  Convention,  and  continues  still  in  the 
oflice.  He  has  been  a  director  of  the  Convention 


jriX,F.    OLIVER    HAZARD     I'F.KRV    GARRETT, 

since  IX/JO,  ;liid  a  trustee  of  Baylor  Female  College 
from  the  date  of  its  charter.  In  the  mean  time  he 
has  been  an  active  farmer,  a  successful  land  sur 
veyor,  and  he  has  served  one  or  two  terms  as  chief 
judge  of  the  county.  Few  Baptists  in  Texas  have 
been  in  labors  so  steady  and  abundant.  lie  is  now 
an  active  deacon  of  Brenham  church,  readv  fur 
every  good  word  and  work.  Two  suns  are  at  the 
bar.  and  one  a  student  at  Louisville  for  the  ministry, 
all  Baptists,  and  his  two  daughters  are  Baptists  and 
married  to  Baptists. 

Garrott,  Col.  Isham  W.,  was  born  in  Wake 
Co..  X.  C..  in  1X1C>;  educated  at  Chapel  Hill;  came 
to  Alabama  and  settled  in  Greenville;  moved  to 
Marion  in  1S40;  bapti/.ed  in  1X4(>;  a.  distinguished 
lawyer;  twice  represented  Perry  County  in  the 
State  Legislature;  a  Presidential  elector  in  lXf>(): 
colonel  of  the  20th  Ala.  Regiment :  killed  at  Vicks- 
burg,  June  17,  ISO.'!  His  convictions  were  strong. 
lit;  avowed  them  fearlessly  and  carried  them  out 
honestly.  He  was  remarkable  for  his  industry, 
uprightness,  temperance,  and  courage  ;  a  consistent 
member  of  the  church  ;  liberal  in  the  support  of 
his  church  and  of  every  worthy  enterprise;  unos 
tentatiously  kind  to  the  poor;  a  warm  friend  of 
education  :  a  trustee  of  Howard  College  at  the  time 
of  his  death  and  for  many  years  previous. 

Gartside,  Deacon  Benjamin,  was  born  in  Eng 


land.  May  120.  J7U4.  His  parents  were  members  of 
the  Baptist  church  of  Ogden.  Like  his  father  he 
became  a  manufacturer  in  his  native  land.  He 
came  to  this  country  in  Js31.  He  first  settled  at 
Blockley.  then  at  Manayunk.  and  tinallv,  in  1X~)2. 
at  Chester,  Pa.  HI-  has  been  greatly  prospered  in 
his  business,  and  in  his  financial  transactions  he 
has  an  unsullied  reputation. 

He  was  baptized  in  \*'.V,).  and  united  with  the 
Blockley  church.  \Vheii  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Chester  was  organized,  in  iMi'J.  he  became  OIK; 
of  its  constituent  members.  He  ^ave  more  than 
half  the  money  needed  to  pay  for  the  erection  of 
the  new  meeting-house,  and  he  presented  the  par 
sonage  as  a  free  gift  to  the  church.  In  his  relations 
with  the  people  of  God  he  has  always  been  the 
warm  friend  of  the  pastor,  lie  began  in  early  life 
to  give  to  the  Saviour's  cause,  and  this  spirit  has 
grown  with  his  means  and  years;  he  is  a  lar-'e- 
hearted  benefactor  of  every  department  of  our  de 
nominational  work. 

He  is  characterized  by  deep  humility,  sincere 
piety,  an  exalted  sense  of  business  integrity,  and 
an  abiding  interest  in  tin.'  triumph  of  the  Redeem 
er's  kingdom. 

Gaston,  Rev.  R.,  was  born  in  England.  Oct.  23. 
1841,  and  came  to  America  with  his  parents  at  the 
age  of  ten  years.  At  seventeen  years  of  a^e  he 
entered  the  City  Flouring  Mills  of  Des  Moines, 
Iowa,  and  continued  in  that  business  for  five  years. 
During  this  time  he  was  converted,  and  united  with 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  Des  Moines.  In  IXf>4 
he  entered  Shurtleff  College  to  prepare  himself  for 
the  ministry,  lie  graduated  at  the  Baptist  L'niun 
Theological  Seminary  of  Chicago  in  ]X71.  He  was 
settled  at  Winterset.  Iowa.  He  afterwards  took 
charge  of  the  church  at  Waterloo.  Iowa,  where  he 
still  preaches.  During  this  pastorate  of  six  years 
many  have  been  bapti/ed.  The  church  has  grown 
numerically,  financially,  and  spiritually,  and  is 
now  one  of  the  largest  Baptist  churches  in  the 
State.  They  are  at  present  engaged  in  the  erection 
of  a  church  edifice,  which  when  completed  will  be 
one  of  the  finest  in  Iowa, 

Gates,  Rev.  Alfred,  was  born  in  Granville, 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  'I'l.  1XO:'>;  became  a  teacher;  studied 
for  the  ministry  at  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theo 
logical  Institution.  Xew  York  :  ordained  in  Willi- 
mantic.  Conn.,  in  lx:;i  :  settled  with  the  Baptist 
church  in  Preston.  Conn.,  and  with  various  churches, 
always  with  favor  and  success  ;  something  of  an 
evangelist :  ardent  promoter  of  domestic,  home,  and 
foreign  missions  ;  died  at  Lake's  Pond,  Montville, 
Conn.,  Jan.  30.  1X75.  aged  seventy-three  years; 
a  man  very  useful,  and  universally  beloved. 

Gates,  Rev.  George  E.,  was  born  at  Malvern 
Square,  Annapolis  Co..  Xova  Scotia.  He  gradu 
ated  from  Acadia  College  in  1X73.  and  soon  after 


GATES 


439 


GA  r 


was  ordained  as  pastor  at  Liverpool.  Xova  Scotia, 
where  he  usefully  labored  until  his  acceptance  of 
the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Moncton, 
Xew  Brunswick,  June,  1SSU. 

Gates,  Rev.  Oliver  W.,  was  born  Feb.  24,  1S30, 
at  Preston,  New  London  Co.,  Conn  ;  converted  at 
the  age  of  twelve  ;  baptized  into  the  Preston  church, 
Rev.  X.  E.  Shailer  pastor;  conducted  religious  meet 
ings  when  eighteen  :  soon  after  licensed  to  preach  : 
entered  Literary  Institution,  Suffield,  Conn.,  in 
1S40:  was  a  student  four  years,  a  teacher  one: 
joined  the  Junior  class  of  Madison  University  in 
1S54;  graduated  in  1S.">I>  :  was  assistant  teacher  in 
Hamilton  Female  Seminary:  spent  one  year  in 
Theological  Seminary,  meanwhile  supplying  the 
Baptist  church  at  Whitesborough,  X.  V.  :  ordained 
Sept.  '2.  1S">7,  at  Greeneville.  Xorwich.  C'inn.: 
pastor  at  Greeneville  three  years:  supply  at  Han 
son  Place.  Brooklyn.  X.  V.,  one  year  :  settled  at 
Xorwalk.  Conn.,  as  pastor,  in  iSlll  ;  remained  there 
until  1ST-!:  removed  that  year  to  San  Diego  Cal., 
and  serv<>d  the  San  Diego  church  seven  years. 
During  his  Xorwalk  ministry,  spent  part  of  one 
winter  at  Jacksonville.  Fla..  and  assisted  the  church 
there.  Mr.  dates  has  written  several  papers  for 
the  Missionary  HT(igaziite,sGrmc>n>s  and  a  variety  of 
articles  in  religious  papers,  "Glimpses  of  San 
Diego,"  a  poem  :  "  The  Independence  of  Baptist 
Churches,"  "The  Test;  or.  Have  I  the  Spirit  of 
Missions?'' 

At  Xorwalk  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Edu 
cation,  and  for  some  years  was  secretary  of  the 
Xorwalk  ami  vicinity  Bible  Society.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  devout,  earnest,  and  universally  beloved 
of  all  the  Baptist  ministers  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
His  wife  is  a  highly  gifted  lady,  thoroughly  conse 
crated  to  Christ,  and  has  charge  of  the  Point  L  .ma 
Seminary  for  young  ladies,  of  which  she  is  the 
founder. 

Gaulden,  Rev.  C.  S.,  pastor  at  Thomasville, 
da.,  was  I  torn  in  Liberty  County,  May  1.  1S12.  and 
was  educated  at  Franklin  College,  now  the  State 
University,  Athens.  lie  professed  faith,  and  was 
baptized  by  Key.  -James  Shannon,  in  |s2t>.  lie 
studied  law  and  practised  the  profession  twenty 
years,  then  was  ordained,  and  began  to  preach 
about  1X45,  at  Lumpkin.  In  1S:V.)  he  moved  to 
Brooks  County,  organi/.ed  the  Baptist  church  at 
Quitman,  and  was  its  first  pastor.  He  is  now 
pastor  at  Thomasville,  where  he  resides.  Tall,  and 
spare  in  form,  earnest  and  straightforward  in 
preaching,  and  rather  vehement  in  manner,  Mr. 
Gaulden  is  a  man  of  influence  and  usefulness.  For 
seven  years  lie  has  been  the  moderator  of  the 
Mercer  Association.  lie  is  a  sound  Baptist  in 
doctrines  and  piety. 

Gaunt,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  lived  in  London.  Eng 
land,  in  the  dark  days  of  wicked  King  James  II. 


Mrs.  Gaunt  was  a  member  of  a  Baptist  church,  and 
a  lady  of  great  benevolence.  She  was  accustomed 
to  visit  the  jails,  and  to  relieve  the  wants  of  the 
victims  of  persecution  of  every  oppressed  denomi 
nation.  Her  reputation  for  generous  acts  was  the 
cause  of  her  martyrdom.  The  cruel  king  was 
greatly  enraged  that  rebels  against  his  authority 
should  meet  with  a  protecting  roof  and  a  little  food 
from  any  of  his  subjects;  and  he  resolved  to  be 
more  severe  to  those  who  showed  kindness  to  his 
outlawed  enemies  than  to  the  traitors  themselves. 
A  rebel  named  Burton,  hearing  of  the  charitable 
deeds  of  Mrs.  (Jaunt,  sought  and  found  shelter  and 
food  in  her  house  :  but.  learning  the  anger  of  the 
king  against  those  who  treated  his  enemies  with 
humanity,  with  a  depth  of  baseness  seldom  ex 
hibited  by  the  most  abandoned  of  our  race,  he  went 
and  denounced  Mrs.  daunt  to  the  authorities.  She 
was  seized  and  tried,  and  without  the  required 
number  of  witnesses  was  illegally  condemned,  and 
cruelly  burned  to  death.  She  placed  the  straw 
around  her  at  the  stake  so  that  she  would  be 
speedily  reduced  to  ashes,  and  she  behaved  so 
gently,  and  yet  so  courageously,  that  "all  the 
spectators  were  melted  into  tears."  According  to 
Bishop  Burnet.  she  said  to  the  spectators  "  that 
charity  was  a  part  of  her  religion,  as  well  as  faith. 
This,  at  worst,  was  the  feeding  of  an  enemy  :  so 
she  hoped  she  had  her  reward  with  him  for  whose 
>ake  she  did  this  service,  how  unworthy  soever  the 
person  was  that  made  so  ill  a  return  for  it.  She 
rejoiced  that  dod  had  honored  her  to  be  the  first 
that  suffered  by  fire  in  this  reign  :  and  that  her 
suffering  was  a  martyrdom  for  that  religion  which 
was  all  love."  She  perished  at  Tyburn.  Oct.  2o, 
It'iS.").  Xo  duubt  her  holy  blood  was  one  of  the 
powerful  cau-es  which  summoned  down  the  ven 
geance  of  heaven  on  the  guilty  king,  and  which 
sent  him  from  his  throne  and  country  a  erownless 
and  cowardly  fugitive.  A  writer  familiar  with  the 
character  of  Mrs.  (Jaunt  says,  "  She  stood  most  de 
servedly  entitled  to  an  eternal  monument  of  honor 
in  the  hearts  of  all  sincere  lovers  of  the  Reformed 
religion.  All  true  Christians,  though  in  some 
things  differing  in  persuasion  from  her.  found  in 
her  a  universal  charity  and  sincere  friendship,  as 
is  well  known  to  many  here,  and  also  to  a  multi 
tude  of  the  Scotch  nation,  ministers  and  others, 
who.  for  conscience'  sake,  were  thrust  into  exile  by 
the  rage  of  bishops.  She  dedicated  herself  with 
unwearied  industry  to  provide  for  their  support, 
and  therein  I  do  incline  to  think  she  outstripped 
every  individual,  if  not  the  whole  body  of  Protest 
ants,  in  this  great  city  [London].  Hereby  she  was 
exposed  to  the  implacable  fury  of  the  bloody  Papists, 
and  of  those  blind  tools  who  co-operated  to  pro 
mote  their  accursed  designs  :  and  so  there  appeared 
little  difficulty  to  procure  a  jury,  as  there  were  well- 


GKAR 


440 


GEORGIA 


prepared  judges,  to  make  her  a  .sacrifice,  as  a  traitor, 
to  holy  church." 

Treacherous  Burton  must  have  set  a  high  esti 
mate  upon  the  value  of  his  life,  when  lie  was  ready 
to  offer  this  noble  woman  as  a  burned  sacrifice  for 
it.  But  long  since  in  the  eternal  world  ho  lias 
learned  that  the  preservation  of  the  most  precious 
life  on  earth  is  not  worth  one  wicked  art. 

Gear,  Rev.  H.  L.,  son  of  Rev.  Hiram  Gear,  was 
born  at  Marietta.  ().,  Dec.  1.  184:2;  graduated  from 
Marietta  College  in  J8G2,  and  remained  one  year 
after  as  tutor:  -Inly  G,  18G3,  married  Miss  Cornelia, 
daughter  of  •Judge  1'.  Van  Clief.  of  California : 
removed  to  California  and  practised  law  seven  years 
in  partnership  with  Judge  Van  Clief.  In  1>70  re 
turned  to  Marietta,  where  he  entered  into  law  part 
nership  with  lion.  T.  W.  Ewart.  In  August,  1ST-!. 
was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Newport  and  Valley 
churches.  In  July.  1875.  became  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Norwalk.  0..  and  in  February,  1S7G,  was 
chosen  corresponding  secretary  and  superintendent 
of  missions  by  the  Ohio  Baptist  State  Convention, 
which  position  ho  still  holds. 

Mr.  Gear  has  published  in  the  Journal  and  Mes 
senger  an  extended  reply  to  Dale's  "Classic  Bap 
tism."  The  Publication  Society  has  issued  a  treatise 
from  his  pen  on  "  The  Relation  of  Baptism  to  the 
Lord's  Supper."  He  has  also  published  various 
articles,  sermons,  and  addresses.  I  Le  is  a  thoughtful 
and  earnest  man,  and  is  much  esteemed  for  his 
work's  sake. 

General  Baptists.     See  KN-GI.ISU  BAI-TISTS. 

Georgetown  College,  located  at  Georgetown. 
Scott  Co.,  Ky.,  is  the  fifth  Baptist  university,  in 
order  of  time,  on  the  Western  continent,  and  the 
first  west  of  the  Alloghanies  and  south  of  the  Po 
tomac.  It  was  chartered  by  the  Kentucky  Legisla 
ture  in  182',).  On  the  2d  of  September  of  that  year 
Dr.  Win.  Stoughton  was  elected  to  its  presidency, 
but  died  before  he  reached  Georgetown.  In  June 
of  the  next  year  Dr.  Joel  S.  Bacon  was  elected 
president.  The  '•  Disciples"  had  just  seceded  from 
the  Baptists  in  Kentucky,  and  were  making  a  most 
determined  and  persistent  effort  to  get  possession 
of  the  college.  After  being  perplexed  and  annoyed 
bv  lawsuits  two  years,  Dr.  Bacon  resigned.  The 
presidential  chair  remained  vacant  about  four  years, 
when,  in  183G,  Rev.  B.  F.  Farns worth  was  ap 
pointed  to  the  position,  but  the  controversy  about 
the  property,  or  rather  the  prerogatives  of  the  col 
lege,  still  continued,  and  he  resigned  within  a  few 
months.  In  1838,  Rev.  Rockwood  Giddings  was 
elected  president,  and  within  one  year  secured  to 
the  Baptists  the  peaceable  possession  of  their  col 
lege  and  a  subscription  of  §80,000  towards  an  en 
dowment,  when  he  died.  In  1840,  Rev.  Howard 
Malcom,  D.D.,  was  elected  president,  and  served 
ten  years,  during  which  period  the  college  was 


prosperous.      He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Dr.  J.    L. 

Reynold,  who  conducted  the  institution  two  years 
and  resigned.  Rev.  I>.  R.  Campbell,  I). I).,  LL.D., 
became  president  in  1853.  Under  his  management 
the  college  was  prosperous  in  a  high  degree  until 
the  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war,  when  its  opera 
tions  were  again  seriously  embarrassed.  In  18G5, 
Dr.  Campbell  died,  and  was  succeeded  bv  Rev.  Dr. 
N.  M.Crawford.  He  presided  over  it  for  five  years, 
when  he  resigned,  and,  in  187 1 .  Rev.  B.  Manly,  D.D.. 
was  chosen  president.  The  course  of  the  college 
was  even  and  harmonious  during  his  eight  years' 
administration.  In  June.  IS80,  Dr.  Manly  having 
resigned,  Rev.  R.  M.  Dudley.  D.D.,  was  elected 
president.  The  college  grounds  and  buildings  are 
valued  at  S75.000,  and  its  invested  funds  at  SMI.OOO. 
Since  the  college  was  established  over  2000  students 
have  been  matriculated,  and  more  than  200  of  these 
have  become  ministers  of  the  gospel. 

Georgia  Baptist,  The,  a  weekly  newspaper, 
published  at  Augusta.  Ga.,  as  the  organ  of  the 
colored  Baptists  of  Georgia,  and  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Missionary  Baptist  Convention  (colored)  of 
Georgia.  It  advocates  Baptist  principles,  minis 
terial  education,  Sunday-schools,  missions  at  home 
and  abroad,  and  the  temperance  cause.  It  was 
commenced  in  1880,  and  is  a  handsome  four-page 
paper,  ably  edited  by  Rev.  W.  J.  White,  of  Au 
gusta,  Ga. 

Its  existence  manifests  great  zeal  and  intelligence 
among  the  colored  Baptists  in  Georgia.  Its  editor 
is  its  business  manager,  and  ho  says  editorially, 
and  it  deserves  to  go  on  record,  "  We  have  tried 
to  so  manage  the  pecuniary  part  of  the  business 
as  to  have  no  failure,  and  we  feel  safe  in  saying 
that  we  consider  the  life  of  the  Georgia  lidjilist  now 
assured.  We  have  bought  and  paid  for  the  outfit 
of  our  office,  and  have  as  good  material  as  there  is 
in  any  printing-office  in  the  State.  We  have  a 
colored  printer  to  superintend  the  work  on  our 
paper,  and  we  have  young  colored  men  as  com 
positors." 

Georgia,  Baptist  Banner  of,  is  a  weekly  paper 

published  at  dimming,  J.  M.  Wood  and  J.  J.  Mor 
ris,  editors  and  proprietors.  It  was  originated  by 
the  latter  in  the  fall  of  1876,  and  he  became  its 
chief  editor  in  January,  1880.  During  its  existence 
it  has  secured  a  good  circulation.  It  is  a  paper  of 
pronounced  Baptist  views,  and  reaches  a  large  pop 
ulation  of  Baptists  in  Northeast  Georgia. 

Georgia  Baptist  Convention,  History  of— 
In  the  year  1800  the  Georgia  Association  met  at 
Sardis,  Wilkes  Co.,  and  adopted  a  resolution  ap 
pointing  a  meeting  at  Powelton,  in  May,  1801,  to 
consult  in  regard  to  mission  work.  The  meeting 
was  held,  and  the  Association  was  advised  to  form 
a  missionary  society.  This  was  approved  by  the 
Association,  which  appointed  another  meeting  in 


GEORGIA 


441 


GEORGIA 


May,  1802,  for  consultation  as  to  the  proper  steps 
to  be  taken.  That  meeting  also  recommended  a 
General  Committee  to  be  appointed,  to  consist  of 
three  members  of  each  Association.  This  was  ap 
proved  by  the  Associations  of  the  State,  and  dele 
gates  were  sent  in  May,  1803,  and  they  elected  a 
committee.  The  delegates  appointed  by  the  Georgia, 
Savannah,  Hephzibah,  and  Sarepta  Associations 
met  again  at  Powelton,  and  chose  a  General  Com 
mittee  of  twelve,  as  follows  :  Jesse  Mercer,  Henry 
Ilolcombe,  Lewis  C.  Davis,  James  Matthews,  A. 
Marshall,  Charles  0.  Screven,  Thomas  Rhodes,  Ben 
jamin  Brooks,  Benjamin  Moseley,  Stephen  Gafford, 
Joseph  Clay,  and  Thomas  Polhill.  Henry  Hoi- 
combe  was  made  president,  Jesse  Mercer  vice-presi 
dent,  T.  Polhill  secretary,  and  B.  S.  Screven  treas 
urer,  and  a  constitution  was  adopted.  This  com 
mittee  continued  for  ten  years,  and  was  highly 
useful.  It  was  the  germ  of  the  Georgia  Baptist 
Convention.  During  its  existence,  besides  encour 
aging  mission  work,  it  established  and,  in  1806, 
opened  Mount  Enon  Academy,  fourteen  miles  south 
west  of  Augusta,  mainly  through  the  exertions  of 
Henry  Ilolcombe,  sustained  ably  by  Judge  Clay, 
Jesse  Mercer,  and  Joel  Early,  Sr.,  a  committee 
appointed  to  act  as  agents  by  the  General  Com 
mittee.  It  passed  out  of  existence  in  1813,  during 
the  war,  but  was  in  a  manner  revived,  through  the 
influence  and  action  of  the  Savannah  Association. 
That  Association  organized  a  missionary  society, 
called  "The  Savannah  Baptist  Society  for  Foreign 
Missions,"  under  the  form  of  a  standing  committee 
for  missions  in  1813,  and,  in  1814,  sent  a  messenger 
bearing  the  constitution  and  a  circular  of  this  so 
ciety  to  the  Georgia  Association,  which  met  at 
Powelton,  October  8.  Jesse  Mercer  presented  and 
read  the  circular  and  constitution,  and  the  result 
was  the  formation,  next  year,  1815,  of  a  strong 
missionary  society  in  the  Georgia  Association,  with 
a  large  amount  in  its  treasury,  and  the  name 
of  u  Mission  Board  of  the  Georgia  Association1' 
was  given  in  1816.  The  Ocmulgee  and  Ebenezcr 
Associations  followed  the  example  of  the  Georgia, 
and  in  1820  the  three  Associations  united  to  send  a 
missionary  among  the  Creek  Indians.  A  mission 
was  established  among  the  Cherokee  Indians  in 
North  Georgia  also,  and  a  flourishing  church  was 
constituted  and  maintained  there.  In  1820,  Dr. 
Adiel  Sherwood  offered  a  resolution  in  the  Sarepta 
Association,  through  Charles  J.  Jenkins,  the  clerk, 
recommending  to  the  Associations  of  the  State  the 
formation  of  a  "  General  Baptist  Association." 
Delegates  appointed  by  the  Georgia  and  Ocmulgee 
Associations  met  at  Powelton,  Hancock  Co.,  and 
on  the  27th  of  June,  1822,  adopted  a  constitution 
drafted  and  supported  by  Wm.  T.  Brantly,  the 
elder.  Thus  was  formed  and  constituted  the  Gen 
eral  Baptist  Association  of  Georgia,  which  name, 
29 


in  1828,  was  changed  to  ''  Baptist  Convention  of 
the  State  of  Georgia."     Its  specific  objects  are: 

"  1.  To  unite  the  influence  and  pious  intelli 
gence  of  Georgia  Baptists,  and  thereby  to  facilitate 
their  union  and  co-operation.  2.  To  form  and 
encourage  plans  for  the  revival  of  experimental 
and  practical  religion  in  the  State  and  elsewhere 

3.  To  aid  in  giving  effect  to  useful   plans  of  tho 
several  Associations.    4.  To  afford  an  opportunity 
to   those  who   may  conscientiously  think   it  their 
duty  to  form  a  fund   for  the  education   of  pious 
young  men,  who  may  be  called  by  the  Spirit  and 
their  churches  to  the  Christian  ministry.     5.  And 
to  promote  pious,  useful   education  in  the  Baptist 
denomination." 

The  Convention  had  many  difficulties  to  contend 
with  at  first,  and  for  years  the  opposition  to  it  was 
exceedingly  bitter,  but  it  gradually  gained  strength 
and  efficiency,  and  so  increased  the  number  of  its 
constituents,  that  at  present  it  embraces  thirty- 
seven  Associations,  besides  various  mission  societies. 
As  a  mission  body  it  sent  delegates  to  the  Triennial 
Convention,  until  the  division  in  1845.  Since  that 
time  it  has  always  been  represented  in  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention,  and  has  been  a  liberal  sup 
porter  of  the  mission  work  engaged  in  by  its  two 
boards.  It  has  fostered  education  strongly,  and 
has  made  the  instruction  of  pious  young  men 
called  to  the  ministry  one  of  its  leading  objects. 
By  the  liberality  of  its  early  founders  Mercer  Uni 
versity  has  been  established  and  sustained,  and 
several  high  schools  under  its  auspices  are  con 
ferring  great  benefits  upon  the  young  of  both 
sexes. 

Georgia  Baptist  Seminary,  The,  for  young 
ladies,  is  situated  in  the  town  of  Gainesville,  Hall 
Co.,  Ga.  This  institution  arose  from  a  desire  on 
the  part  of  the  friends  of  education  to  establish  a 
large  female  university  in  Georgia.  The  matter 
was  broached  in  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention, 
and  a  committee  of  twenty  wras  appointed  to  choose 
a  location  for  it.  In  1877,  when  the  Convention 
met  at  Gainesville,  as  that  town  offered  $25,000  to 
aid  the  enterprise,  it  was  selected  as  the  home  of 
the  institution.  Work  was  commenced  on  July 

4,  1878,  and   on  the  llth  of  September  following 
the    school  was   opened  with   flattering  prospects. 
During  the  first  year  of  its  existence  it  had  in  at 
tendance  94  pupils,  and  during  the  second  year  125. 
It  has  a   full   corps   of   experienced    and   popular 
teachers,   and   is   presided   over   by  Rev.   Wm.   C. 
Wilkes,  an  able  educator. 

Georgia  Baptists,  History  of.— It  is  a  histori 
cal  fact  that  Baptists,  whose  descendants  now  dwell 
in  Georgia,  came  over  in  the  same  ship  with  Ogle- 
thorpe.  when  he  settled  the  province  in  1733. 
Among  the  earliest  settlers  were  Wm.  Calvert,  Wm. 
Slack,  Thomas  Walker,  William  Dunham,  and  a 


GEORGIA 


442 


GEORGIA 


gentleman  named  I'olhill.  a  well-known  Baptist 
naiuo  in  Georgia  at  tlic  present  time.  These  prob 
ably  united  with  some  of  the  converts  of  Xicholas 
Bcdirewood  and  formed  a  branch  of  the  Charleston 
Baptist  church  at  Whitefield's  Orphan  House,  nine 
miles  ])elo\v  Savannah.  Xicholas  Bedgewood,  an 
Kn  irishman,  came  over  with  Whitefield  about  17'>1 , 
and  was  put  in  charge  of  the  Orphan  House.  He 
was  converted  to  Baptist  sentiments  in  1757.  rind 
joined  the  church  at  Charleston,  being  bapti/.ed  by 
Rev.  Oliver  Hart,  the  pastor.  Two  years  after  this 
he  was  ordained,  and  in  17'>3  he  bapti/.ed  several 
converts  among  the  officers  and  inmates  of  the  Or 
phan  House.  Among  these  was  Benjamin  Stirk, 
who  became  a  minister  and  settled  at  Xewington, 
eighteen  miles  above  Savannah,  in  17^7.  He; 
preached  in  his  own  bouse,  and  at  Tuckasuking, 
about  forty  miles  north  of  Savannah,  where  be 
constituted  a  branch  of  the  church  at  Kuhaw,  S.  C.. 
with  which  he  had  connected  himself,  there  being 
no  Baptist  church  in  Georgia,  lie  died  in  1770. 
The  following  year  Edmund  Botsford,  from  England, 
converted  in  Charleston,  and  a  licentiate  of  the 
Baptist  church  there,  sent  out  as  a  domestic  mis 
sionary,  came  over  from  Euhaw,  S.  C.,  at  the  call 
of  the  Tuckasuking  brethren.  He  began  in  June, 
1771,  a  ministerial  career  of  most  zealous  useful 
ness  in  Georgia,  which  continued  without  intermis 
sion  for  eight  years.  Ordained  in  1773,  he  preached 
all  over  the  country  from  Augusta  to  Savannah, 
bapti/.ed  148  persons,  organized  the  Botsford  church 
twenty-five  or  thirty  miles  below  Augusta,  and  laid 
the  foundations  of  future  churches.  Having  em 
braced  the  American  cause  in  the  Revolutionary 
struggle,  lie  fled  first  to  South  Carolina  and  then  to 
Virginia,  when,  in  the  spring  of  1779,  Georgia  was 
conquered  by  the  British.  This  was  the  second 
source  from  which  Baptist  principles  found  an  en 
trance  into  the  State ;  a  third  was  still  farther 
northward. 

In  January,  1771,  Rev.  Daniel  Marshall,  an  or 
dained  Baptist  minister  of  great  piety,  zeal,  and 
ability,  originally  from  Connecticut,  moved  into 
Georgia  from  South  Carolina  with  his  family,  and 
settled  on  Kiokee  Creek,  about  twenty  miles  north 
west  of  Augusta.  In  the  spring  of  1772  he  organ 
ized  the  Kiokee  church  there,  the  first  Baptist 
church  constituted  in  Georgia.  Botsford  church, 
formed  the  following  year  by  Edmund  Botsford. 
was  the  second.  Daniel  Marshall  continued  pastor 
of  the  Kiokee  church  until  his  death,  in  1784, 
being  succeeded  by  his  son,  Abraham  Marshall, 
who  was  succeeded  in  turn  by  his  son,  Jabez  P. 
Marshall,  in  1819. 

In  1784  the  first  Baptist  Association,  known  as 
the  Georgia,  was  formed  in  the  State,  probably  at 
Kiokee  church.  At  that  time  there  were  but  six  or 
eight  Baptist  churches  in  Georgia,  and  it  is  prob 


able  that  the  following  were  the  original  constituent 
ihurchns  of  the  body:  Kiokee,  Red  Creek  (now 
Abilene),  Little  Brier  Creek,  Fishing  Creek,  and 
Upton's  Creek.  To  these  were  added  next  year 
Phillip's  Mills  and  Whatley's  Mills  (now  Be- 
thesda).  The  principal  ministers  at  that  time  were 
\braham  Marshall,  Silas  Mercer,  Sanders  Walker. 
Peter  Smith.  Lovelace  Savidge,  William  Franklin, 
and  Alexander  Scott.  The  growth  of  the  Associa 
tion,  which  at  that  time  embraced  the  whole  de 
nomination,  was  very  rapid.  In  1788  the  churches 
numbered  31  :  in  1790  they  numbered  32,  with 
2877  members,  and  20  ministers,  17  of  whom  were 
ordained  ;  and  in  1792  the  number  of  churches  had 
increased  to  5f>.  scattered  over  a  wide  scope  of 
country,  some  of  them  being  in  South  Carolina. 
In  1794  the  churches  which  were  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  Association  were  dismissed  to  form  the 
Hcphzibah  Association,  the  second  formed  in  the 
State.  About  this  time  the  churches  in  South  Car 
olina  were  dismissed  also.  In  1798  other  churches, 
obtained  letters  of  dismissal,  and  formed,  in  1799, 
the  Sarepta  Association.  Notwithstanding  all  these 
withdrawals,  the  Georgia  Association  still  contained 
52  churches  in  1810,  when  all  south  of  the  Oconee 
petitioned  to  be  dismissed.  These  were  constituted 
into  the  Ocmulgee  Association,  the  third  formed 
directly  from  the  Georgia.  The  Savannah  River 
Association  had  been  organized  in  1803;  there 
were  now  five  Associations  in  the  State. 

The  early  ministers  of  the  denomination,  im 
pelled  by  a  burning  desire  to  preach  the  gospel, 
went  everywhere  proclaiming  the  Word,  and  the 
Lord  blessed  their  work  greatly.  Again  and  again 
great  and  general  revivals  of  religion  swept  over 
the  State  in  consequence  of  their  faithful  preaching. 
In  1802  not  less  than  3345  new  converts  were 
added  to  the  four  Baptist  Associations  of  the  State. 
In  1812-13  over  1200  were  baptized  in  the  Sarepta 
Association  alone,  and  a  great  blessing  descended 
upon  the  entire  State.  In  1827  a  memorable  and 
most  remarkable  revival  of  religion  commenced  in 
Eatonton  under  the  preaching  of  Adiel  Sherwood, 
and  resulted  in  the  addition  of  not  less  than  15,000 
or  20,000  to  the  Georgia  Baptist  churches.  More- 
than  5000  baptisms  were  reported  that  year  in 
three  Associations. — the  Georgia.  theOcmulgee,  and 
the  Flint  River.  After  a  sermon  preached  in  the 
open  air  by  Dr.  Adiel  Sherwood  at  Antioch  church, 
in  Morgan  County,  during  which  the  Holy  Spirit 
gave  him  uncommon  liberty,  4000  persons  came 
forward  for  prayer,  and  for  fifteen  years  afterwards 
persons  who  joined  the  Antioch  and  other  churches 
referred  to  that  sermon  and  time  as  the  cause  and 
date  of  their  conversion. 

A  new  and,  in  general,  a  more  cultivated  clasfc 
of  ministers,  and,  perhaps,  not  one  whit  behind  the- 
former  generation  in  zeal  and  piety,  next  appeared  ? 


GEORGIA 


443 


GEORGIA 


and  from  that  day  to  the  present,  the  ministers,  as 
a  class,  having  better  opportunities  for  education, 
have  kept  pace  with  the  advancing  intelligence  of 
the  age.  Many  of  the  Georgia  Baptists,  in  their 
assoeiational  and  conventional  action,  have  mani 
fested  an  ardent  desire  to  promote  the  cause  of 
missions  in  the  world,  and  of  education  in  the  de 
nomination. 

Their  organization  for  mission  work  extends  back 
to  the  beginning  of  the  century,  while  their  efforts 
to  promote  education  have  resulted  in  the  estab 
lishment  and  maintenance  of  one  first-class  univer 
sity,  two  large  high  schools  for  young  men,  six  col 
leges  for  young  ladies,  all  of  high  grade,  and  one 
high  school  for  the  young  of  both  sexes.  These  in 
stitutions  have  real  estate  and  endowments  worth 
at  least  $4*0,000.  They  have  unflinchingly,  and 
from  the  earliest  period,  shown  themselves  opposed 
to  all  union  of  church  and  state,  the  friends  of  en 
tire  religious  liberty  and  of  human  rights.  It  was 
owing  to  a  protest  of  the  Georgia  Association,  in 
17S5,  presented  by  Silas  Mercer  and  Peter  Smith, 
that  the  State  Legislature  repealed  a  Inw,  then  re 
cently  enacted,  "  giving  two  pence  per  pound  to 
the  minister  chosen  by  any  thirty  families,  for  his 
support,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  State  treasury.''  At 
that  time  the  Baptist  denomination  was  largely  in 
the  ascendancy  in  point  of  numbers  in  the  State  ; 
its  ministers  were  the  most  numerous,  and,  conse 
quently,  the  largest  amount  of  the  State  grant 
would  have  come  to  them. 

It  was  owing  to  a  petition  drawn  up  by  Dr. 
II.  II.  Tucker,  and  presented  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  in  186:5,  signed  by  a  number  of  distinguished 
Baptists,  that  the  following  section  in  the  new  code 
was  immediately  repealed  :  "  It  shall  lie  unlawful  for 
any  church,  society,  or  other  body,  or  any  persons, 
to  grant  any  license  or  other  authority  to  any  slave, 
or  free  person  of  color,  to  preach  or  exhort,  or  other 
wise  officiate  in  church  matters.1'  The  principal 
plea  made  was  that  the  section  was  a  violation  of 
religious  liberty,  to  which  the  Baptists  of  the  State 
would  never  submit. 

A  tits  session  in   1864,  the   Georgia   Association 
adopted  the  following  resolution  unanimously;  it  ! 
is  condemnatory  of  the  practice  of  separating  hus 
band  and  wife,  which  sometimes  occurred  during 
the  slavery  era : 

"  Resolved,  That  it  is  the  firm  belief  a,nd  convic 
tion  of  this  body  that  the  institution  of  marriage 
was  ordained  by  Almighty  God  for  the  benefit  of 
the  whole  human  race,  without  respect  to  color; 
that  it  ought  to  be  maintained  in  its  original  purity 
among  all  classes  of  people  in  all  countries  and  in 
all  ages  till  the  end  of  time;  and  that,  consequently, 
the  law  of  Georgia,  in  its  failure  to  recognize  and 
protect  this  relationship  between  our  slaves,  is  es 
sentially  defective,  and  ought  to  be  amended.'' 


This  resolution,  also,  was  drawn  up  and  offered  by 
Or.  Henry  II.  Tucker. 

In  1794,  in  the  Georgia  Association,  which  met 
at  Powell's  Creek  meeting-house  (now  Powelton), 
Hancock  Co.,  a  memorial  to  the  Legislature,  that  a 
law  be  made  to  prevent  the  future  importation  of 
slaves,  was  presented,  read,  and  approved,  and  or 
dered  to  be  signed  by  the  moderator  and  clerk. 
Henry  Graybill  and  James  Sims  were  appointed  to 
present  the  memorial  to  the  Assembly.  Abraham 
Marshall  was  moderator,  and  Peter  Smith  clerk. 

In  general,  when  a  course  of  action  has  been  de 
cided,  the  Baptists  of  Georgia  are  harmonious.  In 
regard  to  church  order  they  are  very  strict,  and  in 
doctrine  they  are  strongly  Calvinistic. 

The  progress  and  growth  of  the  denomination 
will  perhaps  be  best  exhibited  by  the  following 
statistical  table,  which,  though  only  approximately 
correct,  is  rather  under  than  ocer  the  true  figures: 


Year. 

Churches. 

Ministers. 

Members. 

Assot-iuti 

1788  

32 

31 

2,877 

1 

1790  

42 

72 

3,211 

1 

1794  

7;> 

92 

4,800 

5 

181"  

1C,:} 

109 

14,761 

5 

1824  

21)4 

145 

18,108 

10 

1829  

:',56 

2IKI 

28,268 

10 

1832  

50t) 

225 

38,382 

18 

1835  

".S3 

298 

41,810 

22 

1840  

672 

319 

48,302 

43 

1845  

771 

464 

58,388 

40 

1851  

847 

613 

05,23  1 

50 

1860  

U90 

780 

84,022 

05 

1870  

1218 

831 

115,198 

70 

1880  

2003 

1553 

219,726 

83 

Of  these,  there  are  27  Associations  with  912 
churches,  700  ministers,  and  98,000  church  mem 
bers,  who  are  colored  Baptists.  Of  the  remainder, 
about  10,000  are  anti-mission,  leaving  the  approxi 
mate  number  of  white  Baptists  friendly  to  missions 
112.000. 

According  to  its  report  the  State  Mission  Board 
of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention  employed,  during 
the  last  Convention  year,  twenty-four  missionaries, 
for  all  or  a  part  of  the  year,  four  of  whom  were 
colored.  The  present  year  it  is  employing  about 
the  same  number,  of  whom  five  are  colored.  The 
Rehoboth  Association  sustains  J.  S.  Morrow,  white, 
as  a  missionary  in  the  Indian  Territory,  and  he  has 
the  guidance  and  supervision  of  many  churches 
which  have  pastors. 

Georgia,   Cherokee  Baptist  Convention  of. 

— On  the  23d  of  November,  1854,  a  number  of 
brethren  appointed  by  the  Middle  Cherokee  and 
Coosa  Baptist  Associations  met  at  Cassville,  Ga., 
to  form  an  organization  to  take  charge  of  the 
Cherokee  Baptist  College  at  Cassville.  There  were 
present  John  Crawford,  J.  W.  Lewis,  A.  W.  Buford, 
A.  R.  Wright,  and  7.  Edwards  from  the  Middle 
Cherokee  Association,  and  E.  Dyer,  W.  Newton, 
J.  M.  Wood,  C.  II.  Stillwell,  W.  S.  Battle,  and  S. 
W.  Cochran,  from  the  Coosa  Association.  G.  W. 
Tumlin  from  the  Tallapoosa  Association,  and  N. 
M.  Crawford,  J.  S.  Murray.  Win.  Martin,  J.  D. 


GEORGIA 


444 


GEORGIA 


Collins,  T.  G.  Ban-on,  J.  II.  Rice,  II.  S.  Crawford, 
and  M.  J.  Crawford,  were  also  present,  and  were 
invited  to  take  seats  and  assist  in  the  deliberations. 
Rev.  John  W.  Lewis  was  eleeted  moderator,  and 
C.  II.  Stillwell  clerk.  On  motion  of  C.  II.  Still- 
well,  "A  Convention,  to  be  known  as  the  Cherokee 
Georgia  Baptist  Convention,"  was  organized,  and 
a  constitution  was  prepared  and  adopted. 

The  principles  upon  which  the  Convention  was 
constituted  were  those  "  exhibited  in  the  Scriptures, 
and  generally  received  by  the  Baptist  denomina 
tion  of  Georgia  ;"  the  specific  objects  were  declared 
to  be,  "  1.  To  unite  the  friends  of  education,  and 
to  combine  their  efforts  for  the  establishment  and 
promotion  of  institutions  of  learning,  where  the 
young  of  both  sexes  may  be  thoroughly  educated 
on  the  cheapest  practicable  terms.  2.  To  foster 
and  cherish  the  spirit  of  missions,  and  to  facilitate 
missionary  operations  in  any  or  every  laudable 
way."  These  objects  were  afterwards  enlarged,  and 
were  made  to  include  the  distribution  of  the  Bible 
and  other  good  books,  and  the  education  of  indigent 
young  ministers  and  orphans. 

There  was  no  money  basis  to  the  representation, 
and  Associations,  churches,  and  societies  approving 
and  co-operating,  might  send  messengers.  The 
Convention  grew  to  be  a  strong  and  useful  body, 
very  earnest  in  the  advocacy  and  support  of  its 
measures,  but  was  broken  up  entirely  by  the  war. 
In  sentiment  it  was  what  has  been  denominated  as 
•'  landmark,''  generally.  The  following  are  the 
names  of  those  who  have  officiated  as  president 
during  its  existence:  J.  W.  Lewis,  J.  M.  Wood, 
Edwin  Dyer,  and  lion.  Mark  A.  Cooper. 

Among  the  instrumentalities  which  this  Conven 
tion  put  in  operation  for  the  promotion  of  its  oper 
ations  was  a  paper  called  The  Landmark  Banner 
and  Cherokee  Baptist,  which  it  determined  to  pub 
lish  at  its  session  in  Dal  ton,  in  the  spring  of  1859. 
Rev.  Jesse  M.  Wood  was  selected  for  editor,  and 
the  first  number  was  issued  at  Rome,  in  October, 
1859.  The  paper  was  published  in  Koine  until 
June,  1860,  when  it  was  removed  to  Atlanta,  and 
the  "Franklin  Publishing  House''  was  formed. 
Soon  after,  Rev.  II.  C.  Homady  was  added  to  the 
editorial  staff,  A.  S.  Worrell  becoming  also  the 
book  editor.  The  paper  had  the  service  of  much 
talent,  and  made  itself  felt  in  the  denomination, 
being  outspoken  and  very  decided  in  some  of  its 
views.  The  war  coming  on,  serious  financial  em 
barrassments  occurred.  The  publishing  house  was 
sold  to  J.  J.  Toon,  and  the  paper  passed  into  other 
hands,  and  finally  suspended,  crushed  out  of  exist 
ence  by  the  exigencies  of  war.  Before  it  expired 
its  name  was  changed  to  The  Banner  and  Baptist. 
Georgia,  Colored  Baptists  of.— In  a  work  of 
this  sort  the  distinction  between  white  and  colored 
Baptists  must  be  preserved,  since  their  organiza 


tion,  history,  and  operations  are  at  present  entirely 
distinct. 

Previous  to  and  during  the  war  the  colored  Bap 
tists  were  generally  members  of  the  white  Baptist 
churches,   although   in   many   instances   they   had 
separate  houses  of  worship,   and  sometimes  their 
churches  were  independent.     Their  training,  dis 
cipline,  and  religious  worship  were  supervised  by 
the  white  Baptists,  who  regarded  them  strictly  as 
members  of  their  churches.     They  assisted  in  their 
conferences,  sustained  their  pastors  in  whole  or  in 
part,  and  aided  by  advice  in  troublesome  cases  of 
discipline.     In   many  country  churches  a   part  of 
the  building  was  assigned  to  the  colored  brethren, 
or  else  a  time  for  their  special  services  was  given  to 
them,  when  the  pastor  of  the  white  church  preached 
to  them.     No  white  pastor  ever  presumed  to  ignore 
or  neglect  the  colored  members.     The  Associations 
nearly  always  appointed  missionaries  to  the  colored 
people,  and  in  the  State  Conventions  their  religious 
wants  were   sacredly   regarded.      The   result  was 
that  at  the  conclusion  of  the  war  there  was  all  over 
the  South  an  immense  number  of  colored  Baptists, 
many   of   whom   Averc    organized    into    churches. 
These  statements  would  hold  good  in  regard  to  the 
Methodists  of  the  South.     There  was  no  ecclesias 
tical  separation  of  the  races  until  after  the  close  of 
the  war.     The   colored  Baptists  were   then  "  dis 
missed"    from   the  white  churches,  generally  in  a 
formal  arid  regular  manner,  at  their  own  request, 
and    they  formed    themselves  into  churches,  being 
always   advised   and   assisted   when   necessary   by 
their  white  brethren.     They  were  also   aided   by 
them  largely  in  the  formation  of  their  Associations 
and   Conventions,   and   in   many   cases   the   white 
ministers  held  Institutes  for  the  instruction  of  col 
ored  ministers.     The  consequence  in  Georgia  has 
been  that  the  best  feeling  exists  between  the  white 
and   colored   Baptists.     The   latter   are   organized 
very  much  after  the  manner  of  the  white  Baptists, 
and  they  have  exhibited  a  zeal  and  intelligence  in 
the  highest  degree  commendable.     All  this,  how 
ever,  is  largely  to  be  attributed  to  the  training  re 
ceived   from   the  white   Baptists,  and  to  the  good 
feeling  and  pleasant  relations  existing  religiously 
between   the   two  races.     That  the  white  Baptists 
have  not  done  more  for  their  colored  brethren  since 
the   war   has    been   solely  because  of  inability  on 
account  of  the  generally  impoverished  condition  of 

the  country. 

ORGANIZATION. 

The  colored  Baptists  of  Georgia  are  formed  into 
28  Associations,  which  contain  875  churches,  with 
a  membership  of  more  than  ] 08,000.  At  least  half 
of  these  churches  maintain  Sunday-schools.  The 
Associations  send  delegates  each  year  to  a  State 
Convention  organized  on  missionary  principles, 
called  !1  The  Missionary  Baptist  Convention  of 


GEORGIA 


GERMAN 


Georgia,"  the  main  object  of  which  is  to  organize 
and  establish  churches  and  Sunday-schools  through 
out  the  State  and  to  promote  theological  education, 
as  may  be  seen  by  the  following: 

"  It  shall  be  the  object  of  this  Convention — 

"  1.  To  employ  missionaries  to  travel  through 
the  waste  places  of  our  State  and  gather  the  people 
and  preach  the  gospel  to  them,  and  aid  them  in 
every  way  possible,  and  especially  in  organizing 
both  churches  and  Sunday-schools. 

"  2.  To  establish  a  theological  institute  for  the 
purpose  of  educating  young  men  and  those  who  are 
preaching  the  gospel  and  have  the  ministry  in  view, 
or  any  of  our  brothers'  sons  that  sustain  a  good 
moral  character,  and  to  procure  immediately  some 
central  place  in  Georgia  for  the  establishment  of 
the  same.'' 

Auxiliary  to  and  a  part  of  this  State  Convention 
is  the  "  Missionary  Baptist  Sunday-School  Conven 
tion,"  which  is  actually  a  separate  body,  though 
composed  of  the  members  of  the  State  Convention, 
and  governed  by  the  same  rules.  It  is  well  officered 
and  is  a  very  efficient  body,  and  it  is  doing  a  good 
work  in  establishing  Sunday-schools.  Its  last  re 
port  embraces  over  200  schools,  containing  nearly 
1000  teachers  and  14,000  scholars,  which  raised 
during  the  year  $321.61. 

The  school  at  Atlanta  for  the  education  of  col 
ored  ministers  is  doing  a  noble  work  for  a  large 
number  of  students,  and  through  them  for  the 
numerous  churches  to  which  they  shall  minister. 

Georgia  Female  College,  which  is  situated  in 
Madison,  Morgan  Co.,Ga.,  104  miles  from  Augusta 
and  67  from  Atlanta,  was  incorporated  by  an  act 
of  the  Legislature  of  Georgia  on  the  25th  of  Jan 
uary,  1S50.  At  that  time  it  was  known  as  "  Mad 
ison  Collegiate  Institute,"  but  soon  afterwards  the 
board  of  trustees,  by  a  legislative  amendment, 
changed  the  name  to  "Georgia  Female  College." 
The  institution  was  founded  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Baptists,  and  the  men  mainly  instrumental  in 
establishing  it  were  residents  of  Madison.  George 
Y.  Browne  was  called  to  the  care  of  the  institute 
in  1850,  and  assumed  the  presidency  of  the  college 
in  1851,  afterwards  ably  and  successfully  conduct 
ing  its  operations  for  ten  consecutive  years.  In 
1861  he  removed  to  Alabama,  but  in  1870  returned 
to  Madison  and  again  accepted  the  presidency, 
which  declining  health  compelled  him  to  resign  in 
1878.  As  an  instructor  Geo.  Y.  Browne  had  no 
superior  and  but  few  equals,  and  those  who  en 
joyed  the  benefit  of  his  instruction  received  no 
superficial  education. 

Besides  Mr.  Browne,  other  distinguished  men 
have  as  its  presidents  done  honor  to  the  institution. 
Notably  among  them  may  be  named  Rev.  I.  R. 
Branham,  D.D.,  whose  cultivated  mind  and  heart 
left  an  indelible  impress  on  all  who  came  under  his 


charge.  Prof.  A.  S.  Towns,  of  South  Carolina, 
was  also  president  for  a  brief  period,  and  gave  per 
fect  satisfaction  to  his  patrons.  R.  T.  Asburv,  late 
president  of  Monroe  Female  College,  now  has 
charge  of  this  noble  institution,  having  lately  as 
sumed  the  position.  He  has  a  widely  extended 
reputation  as  a  thorough  and  successful  teacher, 
and  is  aided  by  an  able  corps  of  assistants.  The 
main  college  building  is  a  large  and  well-arranged 
brick  edifice,  situated  in  a  beautiful  grove,  and  pre 
senting  an  attractive  appearance.  The  college  has 
a  fine  philosophical  apparatus.  The  president  of 
the  board  of  trustees  is  Col:  John  B.  Walker,  a 
distinguished  Baptist  layman,  who  aided  so  largely 
in  establishing  the  institution.  The  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  college  is  Rev.  Samuel  A.  Burney, 
son  of  T.  J.  Burney,  the  former  secretary  and 
treasurer,  who  was  also  one  of  the  warmest  friends 
of  the  college.  Perhaps  no  female  college  in  the 
State  has  sent  out  more  well-educated  young  ladies 
than  this  one. 

German  Baptist  Publication  Society.— This 
society  was  organized  by  the  German  Baptists  in 
the  United  States  and  Ontario  at  the  Triennial  Con 
ference  held  at  Wilmot,  Ontario,  in  1866.  It  owed 
its  origin  to  a  deep  conviction  that  the  press  should 
be  more  extensively  used  in  disseminating  Baptist 
principles  among  the  Germans  in  this  land.  For 
some  years  previous  to  this  there  had  been  pub 
lished  a  monthly  paper,  first  under  the  editorship 
of  Rev.  K.  A.  Fleischmann,  and  subsequently  under 
that  of  Rev.  A.  Ilenrich.  This  paper  was  adopted 
by  the  new  society,  and  Rev.  P.  W.  Bickel  was 
appointed  its  editor  and  at  the  same  time  secretary 
of  the  society.  The  society  progressed  slowly  for 
five  years,  when,  through  the  activity  of  Rev.  P. 
"W.  Bickel,  a  capital  was  raised  for  the  more  exten 
sive  prosecution  of  the  work.  Mr.  J.  T.  Burg- 
hardt,  a  member  of  the  German  church  at  Louis 
ville,  Ky.,  proved  himself  a  noble  helper  at  the 
right  time.  He  offered  to  give  to  the  society  a  cash 
donation  of  $2000  on  condition  that  the  German 
churches  would  make  up  an  equal  sum.  The  con 
dition  was  fully  complied  with.  These  donations 
were  used  in  the  year  1872  in  buying  a  piece  of 
property  in  Cleveland,  0.  A  house  was  erected, 
types,  presses,  and  machinery  were  bought,  books, 
tracts,  and  papers  explaining  and  defending  our 
principles  were  published  and  spread  broadcast 
over  the  land.  These  publications  have  given  ma 
terial  help  in  spreading  Baptist  principles  among 
the  Germans  and  in  increasing  the  membership. 
In  1874  Der  Sendbotc,  the  weekly  periodical  of  the 
society,  was  enlarged  to  eight  pages.  The  first  ac 
commodations  becoming  too  small,  in  1878  a  large- 
three-story  building  was  erected  at  the  corner  of 
Jayne  Avenue  and  Dayton  Street  (on  a  lot  donated 
to  the  society  by  the  Cleveland  Baptist  Union), 


GKJf.VAX 


446 


G  Kit  MAX 


where   the  business  is   now  curried  on,  and  where 
every  facility  is  had  for  doing  first-class  work. 

The  society  is  sending  forth  its  publications  into 
many  lands.  Its  weekly  and  Sunday-school  papers 
circulate  not  only  in  this  country,  but  also,  to  some 
extent  at  least,  in  Germany,  Russia,  and  Australia, 
and  even  in  South  Africa,  wherever  in  these  lands 
German  emigrants  are  found. 

The  regular  publications  of  the  society  are  Der 
XnnVintt',  a  weekly  paper,  and  three  monthlies, 
Dei-  Mi ii fere  fticnuinn  (The  Cheerful  Sower),  a 
child's  paper,  Die  tinintttdjsfrctule  (Sabbath  Joy), 
a  lesson  paper,  and  Der  Weyweixer  (The  Guide),  a 
monthly  tract  for  general  distribution.  There  are 
also  issued  from  time  to  time  books  and  pamphlets 
for  the  use  of  the  German  Baptist  churches. 

In  1STS,  Rev.  ]>.  W.  Bickel,  D.I).,  having  been 
sent  by  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society 
to  organize  and  conduct  a  Publication  Society  at 
Hamburg,  Germany,  Rev.  J.  C.  Haselhuhn  was 
elected  to  fill  his  place,  and  is  now  the  chief  execu 
tive  officer. 

German  Baptists  in  America.— Rev.  K.  A. 
Fleischmann  was  sent  by  George  Mliller,  of  Bristol. 
England,  to  preach  the  gospel  to  the  Germans  in 
America.  There  existed  at  the  time  great  religious 

O  O 

destitution  among  the  Germans  in  the  New  World. 
Mr.  Fleischmann  commenced  his  labors  in  Newark, 
N.  J..  where,  in  October,  1839,  the  first  German  con 
verts  were  baptix.ed.  The  believers  whom  he  bap 
tized  were  united  in  an  organization  for  mutual  edi 
fication,  yet  it  seems  that  a  regular  Baptist  church 
was  not  formed  there  until  1849,  when  this  body  of 
believers  fully  accepted  the  principles  of  the  Regular 
Baptists,  and  united  with  the  East  New  Jersey  Bap 
tist  Association.  Leaving  Newark,  N.  J.,  Mr. 
Fleischmann  labored  successfully  in  the  city  of 
Heading,  Pa.,  and  especially  in  Lycoming  Co.,  Pa., 
and  then  removed  to  Philadelphia,  where  through 
his  zealous  efforts  a  church  of  baptized  believers 
was  founded  in  May,  1843.  This  church  was  re 
ceived  into  the  Philadelphia  Association  in  1848. 
Subsequent  to  the  formation  of  the  church  in  Phila 
delphia,  regular  German  Baptist  churches  were 
formed  under  the  labor  of  godly  men  in  New  York 
in  1840,  in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  in  1848,  in  Buffalo  in 

1849,  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  1850,  in  Chicago,  111.,  in 

1850.  and  in  Bridgeport,  Ont.,  in  1851. 

In  1851  the  number  of  missionaries  and  churches 
had  so  far  increased  that  a  Conference  of  pastors 
and  churches  was  formed  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.  The 
ministers  who  attended  this  first  Conference  were 
J.  Eschmann,  K.  A.  Fleischmann,  A.  Ilenrich,  A. 
Rausehenbusch,  and  A.  von  Puttkammer.  A  few 
delegates  also  were  in  attendance.  Letters  were 
sent  by  several  missionaries  who  could  not  be  pres 
ent.  It  was  indeed  a  day  of  small  things,  but  foun 
dations  were  laid  in  faith  for  the  work  of  the  future. 


A  hymn-book  for  the  churches  was  projected  and 
subsequently  published  by  the  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society.  It  was  felt  that  a  periodical 
was  needed  for  the  diffusion  of  Baptist  principles 
among  the  Germans,  and  for  the  successful  advance 
ment  of  the  missionary  enterprise  in  the  churches, 
and  Rev.  K.  A.  Fleischmann  was  appointed  to  edit  a 
monthly  paper  for  that  purpose;.  Providentially,  in 
the  same  year  a  way  was  opened  by  which  young 
and  older  men  in  the  churches,  who  felt  themselves 
called  to  enter  the  harvest-field,  could  obtain  the 
necessary  preparation.  A  German  department  had 
been  formed  in  connection  with  the  Rochester  Theo 
logical  Seminary.  The  next  annual  meeting  of  the 
Conference,  held  in  Rochester  in  1852,  proved  that 
encouraging  progress  had  been  made  in  every  di 
rection. 

In  1859  the  number  of  the  churches  had  so  far 
increased  that  the  Conference  was  divided  into  the 
Eastern  and  the  Western,  comprising  the  Eastern 
and  Western  States,  each  Conference  restricting 
its  special  missionary  work  to  its  immediate  field. 
Great  help  in  the  extension  of  the  work  came  from 
three  causes, — the  services  which  the  German  theo 
logical  department  at  Rochester  rendered  in  fur 
nishing  men  qualified  to  be  pastors,  the  timely  and 
continued  aid  and  co-operation  of  the  American 
Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  and  kindred  organi 
zations,  and  the  providential  guidance  through 
which  such  men  of  talent,  zeal,  and  piety  as  Rev.  A. 
Rausehenbusch,  A.  von  Puttkammer,  A.  Ilenrich, 
II.  Schneider,  and  a  number  of  others,  were  led  to 
accept  Scriptural  views  concerning  baptism.  Thus 
faithful  men,  some  of  whom  had  been  very  useful 
long  before  they  became  Baptists,  were  called  into 
this  work,  and  doors  of  extensive  usefulness  were 
opened  to  them. 

The  denomination  continued  to  spread,  especially 
in  the  Western  States,  whither  the  tide  of  German 
immigration  was  moving.  Since  the  separate  or 
ganization  of  the  Western  Conference  its  work  has 
extended  into  the  States  of  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa, 
Kansas,  Kentucky,  Michigan.  Minnesota,  Missouri, 
Nebraska,  Ohio,  Wisconsin,  Oregon,  and  Texas  ; 
and  that  of  the  Eastern  Conference,  though  not  em 
bracing  so  large  a  territory,  lias  been  constantly 
growing. 

It  was  soon  felt  that  the  interests  of  the  German 
cause  would  be  greatly  aided  by  a  Triennial  Con 
ference,  embracing  both  Annual  Conferences  and  all 
the  churches.  The  first  meeting  of  the  Triennial 
Conference  was  held  in  September,  1865,  with  the 
church  at  Wilmot.  Ontario.  Rev.  K.  A.  Fleischmann 
presided,  and  Revs.  J.  C.  Haselhuhn  and  J.  S.  Gubel- 
mannwere  appointed  secretaries.  A  German  Pub 
lication  Society  was  formed,  the  religious  periodical 
of  the  churches  changed  into  a  weekly  paper,  and 
placed  under  the  editorship  of  Rev.  P.  W.  Bickel. 


GERMAN 


447 


GERMAN 


Wlien  the  first  Conference  met  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  in  1851,  there  were  in  all  8  churches,  8  pastors, 
and  405  members.  In  1880  there  were  4  Confer 
ences,  or  Associations.  130  churches,  115  pastors, 
and  9020  members.  Counting  those  who  were  con 
verted  through  the  labors  of  German  missionaries 
and  who  may  now  be  members  of  English-speaking 
churches,  the  number  of  German  Baptists  must 
exceed  10,000.  Considering  the  special  difficulties 
in  their  way  the  growth  of  the  German  Baptists 
has  been  steady  and  cheering. 

Much  religious  activity  is  manifested  in  the  Ger 
man  churches.  The  Sunday-school  work  is  actively 
carried  on.  The  churches  sustain  a  number  of 
students  preparing  for  the  ministry  in  the  theolog 
ical  school  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.  They  have  also 
founded  an  academy.  Their  efficient  Publication 
Society  is  disseminating  baptist  literature  in  many 
forms.  The  German  churches  contributed  in  one 
year  for  the  support  of  the  gospel,  and  for  be 
nevolent  purposes,  §79,518.44,  which  is  over  $9 
per  member;  for  home  missions  alone  they  gave 
$3580.60,  which  is  nearly  44  cents  per  member. 

In  doctrine  and  practice  the  German  churches 
in  this  country  are  in  accord  with  their  English- 
speaking  brethren  ;  they  generally  belong  to  Eng 
lish  Associations ;  their  peculiar  union  as  Confer 
ences  being  simply  for  the  effective  prosecution  of 
their  special  work. 

German  Baptists,  or  Brethren. — The  German 
Baptists  first  became  a  distinct  body  of  believers, 
separate  from  the  corrupt  elements  by  which 
they  were  surrounded,  about  the  year  1708,  near 
Schwart/enau,  Germany. 

They  do  not  pretend  to  trace  their  line  of  suc 
cession  up  to  the  Apostles.  They  hold  rather  to  the 
succession  of  the  faith,  practices,  and  rites  of  the 
Apostolic  Church.  They  believe  that  the  true  re 
ligious  succession  consists  not  in  personal  contact, 
but  in  association  with  Jesus  Christ,  and  in  obedi 
ence  to  him  in  word  and  doctrine. 

After  their  separate  permanent  organization  they 
increased  very  rapidly.  But  they  did  not  long  enjoy 
prosperity,  for  the  hand  of  persecution  was  lifted 
against  them,  and  they  were  driven,  some  to  Hol 
land  and  Fricsland,  and  many,  in  1719-1729,  to 
America.  They  established  their  first  church  in  the 
United  States  at  Germantown,  Pa.,  from  which  the 
denomination  has  spread  over  the  Middle,  most  of 
the  Southern,  and  all  of  the  Western  States. 

From  8,  that  composed  the  first  congregation, 
there  have  now  arisen  100,000  followers  of  Christ, 
with  about  2000  ministers,  26  Annual  District,  and 
one  General  Annual  Conference,  which  is  composed 
of  representatives  chosen  by  the  District  Confer 
ences.  They  control  three  excellent  seminaries, 
which  are  now  doing  efficient  educational  work. 
Successful  home  and  foreign  missions  have  been 


established.  The  increase  of  the  church  of  late 
years  has  been  very  rapid. 

They  have  four  weekly  papers,  one  monthly 
magazine,  and  one  weekly  paper  designed  for  the 
young,  and  intended  to  meet  the  demand  of  their 
rapidly-increasing  Sunday-schools. 

They  believe  in  one  true  and  living  God,  the 
Creator  of  the  intelligent  hosts  of  earth  and  heaven, 
of  the  universe  visible  and  invisible,  the  omnipo 
tent  and  omniscient  sustainer  and  benefactor  of  all 
things. 

They  believe  that  Jesus  Christ  is  the  Son  of  the 
living  God;  that  he  was  and  will  continue  to  be 
co-existent  with  the  Father  ;  that  he  is  divine  in  his 
attributes  ;  that  he  came  to  this  world  the  incarna 
tion  of  God  ;  that  he  laid  down  his  life  for  us,  was 
buried,  and  rose  again  ;  that  he  ascended  to  the 
Father,  where  he  is  now  the  advocate  of  his  peo 
ple  ;  that  it  is  alone  through  his  meritorious  death 
and  triumphant  resurrection  that  his  people  have 
redemption  and  eternal  life;  that  he  will  again 
personally  come  to  this  earth  to  gather  his  elect 
together. 

They  believe  that  the  Holy  Spirit  is  a  divine 
personage,  co-eternal  in  existence  with  the  Father 
and  the  Son  ;  that  he  was  sent  into  the  world  to 
convince  it  of  sin,  of  righteousness,  and  of  iud<f- 

D  JO 

ment ;  that  he  is  the  guide,  the  enlightener,  and 
the  comforter  of  the  people  of  God.  They  believe 
that  these  three  divine  persons,  the  Father,  the  Son, 
and  the  Holy  Spirit,  are  one  God,  eternal  and  om 
nipotent. 

They  believe  that  the  Xew  Testament  is  the 
word  and  the  will  of  God  revealed  through  Jesus 
Christ,  anil  by  the  inspiration  of  the  Spirit  through 
the  holy  Apostles;  that  the  Old  Testament  is  in 
spired,  and  the  Scriptures  arc  the  only  infallible 
rule  of  faith  and  practice  to  which  the  followers 
of  Christ  can  look,  and  that  they  should  strictly 
adhere  both  in  letter  and  in  spirit  to  their  teachings. 

They  do  not  practise  infant  baptism.  They  be 
lieve  that  only  persons  who  are  competent  to  ex 
ercise  intelligent,  saving  faith  in  Christ,  and  who 
repent  of  sin,  are  proper  subjects  of  baptism.  In 
baptism  they  are  immersionists  exclusively.  They 
baptize  into  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  of  the 
Son,  and  of  the  Holy  Ghost,  not  by  one  action,  but 
by  three,  thus  constituting  a  triple  immersion. 
During  the  observance  of  the  rite  the  candidate 
kneels  and  is  dipped  face  forward,  the  imposition 
of  hands  and  prayer  occurring  while  the  candidate 
still  kneels  in  the  water. 

They  celebrate  the  communion  of  the  bread  and 
cup,  commemorative  of  the  death  of  Christ,  in  the 
evening,  accompanied  by  the  ancient  love-feast. 
During  this  observance  they  eat  as  one  family  at 
the  Lord's  table,  thus  exhibiting  a  fraternal  band 
of  Christian  believers. 


GKHMAXY 


448 


GERMANY 


Associated  with  the  communion  and  Agapse, 
they  practise  the  washing  of  one  another's  feet  as 
a  Christian  ordinance,  and  as  a  reason  for  such 
practice  they  refer  to  Jno.  xiii.  1-17. 

In  connection  with  feet-washing,  or  while  sur 
rounding  the  table,  they  extend  the  hand  of  fellow 
ship  and  salute  one  another  with  the  holy  kiss. 
—2  Cor.  xiii.  12:  .1  Pet.  v.  14. 

They  also  when  called  upon  pray  over  their  sick, 
anointing  them  with  oil  in  the  name  of  the  Lord. 
— James  v.  14.  15. 

They  hold  very  sacred  the  non-resistant  principles 
of  the  Apostolic  Church.  They  do  not  go  to  war. 
will  not  bear  arms,  nor  even  learn  the  art  of  war. 
Neither  do  they  swear  the  civil  or  any  other  oath 
before  magistrates  or  in  courts  of  justice.  They 
are  noted  for  their  modesty  in  apparel,  plainness 
of  speech,  and  distinguished  hospitality. 

Their  church  polity  is  not  entirely  Congrega 
tional.  When  differences  arise  in  matters  of  expe 
diency  which  cannot  be  disposed  of  satisfactorily 
by  the  individual  community,  they  are  referred  to 
tin;  Annual  Conference  for  advice  or  adjudication. 
Thus  they  live  together  in  communities,  simple  and 
harmless,  adjusting  their  misunderstandings  not 
by  civil  law,  but  by  the  gospel  rule. — Matt,  xviii. 
15-17. 

Germany,   Baptists    in.— The    First    Baptist 

church  in  Germany  in  modern  times  was  consti 
tuted  in  Hamburg  in  1S34.  Mr.  J.  G.  Onckcn, 
born  Jan.  26,  1800,  in  the  town  of  Varel,  grand 
duchy  of  Oldenburg,  Germany,  came  to  England 
in  his  youth,  and  was  there  converted.  Manifest 
ing  talent,  he  was  sent  back  as  a  missionary  to  his 
native  land  in  1823,  by  a  society  in  Great  Britain 
which  had  been  formed  with  special  reference  to 
the  evangelization  of  the  Continent.  He  labored 
zealously  and  effectively,  preaching  the  gospel  on 
the  shores  of  the  German  Ocean,  in  the  cities  of 
Hamburg  and  Bremen,  and  in  East  Friesland. 
Everywhere  open  doors  were  set  before  him,  and 
many  were  converted. 

While  Mr.  Oncken  was  regularly  and  successfully 
preaching  in  Hamburg,  the  question  of  believer's 
baptism  seems  first  to  have  occupied  his  attention. 
Without  any  influence  from  without,  simply  as  a 
result  of  earnest  study  of  the  Scriptures,  the  con 
viction  gradually  grew  upon  him  that  the  immer 
sion  of  believers  was  the  only  Scriptural  baptism. 
A  strong  impulse  in  this  direction,  however,  was 
given  him  by  his  intercourse  with  a  Baptist  brother 
from  America,  Capt,  Tubbs,  a  member  of  the  old 
Sansom  Street  church,  in  Philadelphia,  who  was 
for  some  time  an  inmate  of  Mr.  Oncken's  family, 
and  through  whom  communication  between  Mr. 
Oncken  and  the  Baptists  in  America  began. 

On  the  22d  day  of  April,  1834,  in  the  dead  of 
ni^ht,  Mr.  Oncken  and  six  others  were  baptized  by 

O          " 


Dr.  Barnas  Sears,  then  of  the  Hamilton  Literary 
and  Theological  Institution,  in  the  river  Elbe,  near 
Hamburg.  On  the  following  day  the  brethren 
were  organized  into  a  church.  Mr.  Oncken  was 
soon  after  this  set  apart  by  solemn  prayer  and  the 
laying  on  of  hands  to  the  work  of  the  gospel  miri- 
istrv.  In  a  chamber  of  Mr.  Oncken's  former  resi 
dence,  No.  7  Englische  Planke,  may  be  seen  the  spot 
where  the  Baptist  church  in  Hamburg  was  organ 
ized,  and  where  Mr.  Oncken  was  set  apart  as  its 
pastor.  Here  was  laid  the  foundation  of  a  work 
which,  under  the  blessing  of  God,  has  extended 
through  Germany  and  adjacent  countries. 

The  baptism  of  Mr.  Oncken  and  the  founding  of  a 
Baptist  church  created  a  great  sensation.  The  earn 
est  preacher  had  suffered  persecution  before  he  be 
came  a  Baptist,  while  yet  in  connection  with  the  In 
dependents,  but  now  persecution  rose  to  its  height. 
The  constant  growth  of  the  little  church  exasper 
ated  the  clergy  and  the  authorities.  It  was  decided 
that  this  could  no  longer  be  tolerated.  On  a  week 
day  evening  police-officers  came  into  the  meeting 
and  drove  the  members  into  the  street,  amidst  the 
jubilant  shouts  of  the  populace.  Mr.  Oncken  was 
arrested  and  conveyed  to  prison,  where  he  was  sub 
jected  to  the  treatment  received  by  the  lowest  pris 
oners.  After  a  few  days  he  was  tried,  convicted, 
and  sentenced  to  an  imprisonment  of  four  weeks. 
On  other  occasions  he  was  fined,  and,  as  his  con 
science  did  not  permit  him  to  pay  them,  his  goods 
were  seized  and  sold.  Driven  out  from  their  place 
of  meeting,  the  church  secured  another,  where  God 
wrought  marvelously  in  their  behalf.  Through  the 
great  fire  in  1842,  and  their  generosity  in  offering  an 
asylum  to  the  destitute,  the  power  of  the  persecutor 
was  greatly  weakened. 

The  work  thus  begun  amidst  strong  persecution 
was  destined  sooti  to  spread  into  other  cities  of  Ger 
many.  The  numerous  connections  Mr.  Oncken  had 
formed  at  the  beginning  of  his  evangelistic  activities 
in  1823,  and  also  as  an  agent  of  the  Edinburgh  Bible 
Society,  naturally  made  his  change  of  views  a  matter 
of  conversation  and  consideration  in  different  places. 
Here  and  there  small  bands  of  believers  were 
formed  who  accepted  these  views  as  Scriptural, 
and  gradually  these  bands  grew  into  large  and  in 
fluential  churches.  The  first  instance  of  this  nature 
was  the  organization  of  the  church  in  Berlin, 
Prussia,  in  1837.  In  1830,  Mr.  Oncken  had  made 
the  acquaintance,  in  Berlin,  of  Mr.  G.  W.  Lehmann, 
a  steel  engraver.  The  subsequent  baptism  of  Mr. 
Oncken  led  Mr.  Lehmann  to  a  prayerful  and  pro 
tracted  consideration  of  the  subject.  As  a  result, 
in  spite  of  much  opposition  and  of  the  severe  self- 
denial  which  such  a  step  would  cost,  Lehmann  and 
a  few  others  felt  that  it  was  their  duty  to  be  baptized. 
On  the  13th  day  of  May,  1837,  the  first  modern  bap 
tism  in  Prussia  took  place  near  Berlin.  At  three 


GERMANY 


449 


GERMANY 


o'clock  in  the  morning  of  that  day  a  little  group  of 
believers  passed  out  of  the  Stralauer  gate  to  the  Rum- 
melsberger  Lake,  where,  after  fervent  prayer,  Mr. 
Lehmann,  his  wife,  and  four  others  were  immersed 
by  Mr.  Chicken,  at  the  very  time  when  the  first  rays  of 
the  rising  sun  gilded  the  skies.  On  the  following  day 
Mr.  Oncken  preached  a  powerful  sermon  from  John 
xiv.  16.  In  the  afternoon  of  that  day  the  little  church 
of  six  members  was  constituted.  Mr.  G.  W.  Leh 
mann  was  appointed  pastor.  He  assumed  this  office, 
and  supported  himself  until  1838,  when  he  received 
aid  from  the  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union. 
In  1840,  Mr.  Lehmann  was  formally  ordained,  and 


organized  in  Copenhagen,  but  this  beginning  of  the 

work  in  Denmark  was  made  under  severe  trials. 

j  Rev.  Peter  Moenster,  the  pastor,  was  sentenced  to 

j  ten  weeks'  imprisonment  for  preaching  and  admin- 

'  istering  baptism,   and  then   banished.     The   same 

:  pastor,  with  his  brother,  Rev.  Adolpli   Moenster, 

|  was  afterwards  confined   in   prison   for  an   entire 

year.     In  the  beginning   of    1845   there   were    17 

preachers  and  assistants,  26  churches,  and  nearly 

1500   members.     Before    1849   the   churches  were 

formed  into  Associations ;  these  Associations  were 

united  in  a  Triennial  Conference,  the  first  meeting 

of  which  was  held  in  Hamburg  in  January,  1849. 


MISSION'    ril.U'KI.,     UAMIiL'Ki;. 


from  that  time  the  Saviour's  kingdom  began  to 
prosper. 

In  the  year  following  the  organization  of  the 
church  in  Berlin,  two  other  churches  were  founded, 
one  in  Oldenburg  with  13  members,  and  one  in 
Stuttgart,  the  capital  of  Wlirtemberg,  with  23  mem 
bers.  It  seems  providential  that  in  each  church 
formed  there  was  one  among  their  own  number 
capable  of  preaching  the  gospel. 

We  cannot  follow  minutely  the  progress  of  the 
Baptists  in  Hesse,  Bavaria,  Pornerania,  Hanover, 
and  Southern  Germany.  Though  gradual,  (and 
amidst  continual  and  often  fierce  opposition  from 
the  state  church  and  the  authorities,  it  was  a  con 
stant  and  blessed  triumph.  In  1839  a  church  was 


In  1851  there  were  32  churches  in  the  German  mis 
sion,  including  14  in  Prussia,  5  in  Denmark,  and  2  in 
Switzerland.  On  the  23d  of  April,  1859,  the  church 
in  Hamburg  celebrated  its  twenty-fifth  anniversary. 
"  The  original  seven  had  grown  to  seven  thousand, 
and  stretched  across  the  German  states  from  the 
North  Sea  to  Russia,  from  the  Baltic  well-nigh  to 
Russia."  At  the  eighth  Triennial  Conference, 
held  in  July,  1870,  the  German  Baptists  were  re 
ported  "  to  have  entered  all  quarters  of  the  globe." 
They  now  possess  churches  or  mission  stations  in 
most  of  the  German  states,  in  Switzerland,  Hol 
land,  Denmark,  Russia,  Poland,  Bulgaria,  Turkey, 
Austria,  and  South  Africa.  In  addition  to  this  the 
denomination  in  Sweden  owes  its  origin  in  part  to 


GESSLER 


450 


G  ID  DINGS 


the  German  mission.  As  early  as  1841  the  brethren 
in  Germany  reported  a  colporteur  laboring  in  Nor 
way,  and  in  1<S,">1  a  church  in  Sweden  with  58 
members.  In  1854  two  brethren  from  Sweden  were 
baptized  in  Hamburg  and  empowered  to  administer 
baptism  to  others.  Besides,  a  large  number  of  Ger 
man  Baptists  have  emigrated  to  America,  and 
helped  to  increase  the  membership  of  the  German 
churches  here. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  German  work  from 
the  beginning  has  been  eminently  of  a  missionary 
character,  ami  that  it  has  shared  to  a  large  extent 
the  fostering  care  of  American  Baptists.  The 
prospects  for  the  future  are  encouraging.  Divisions 
which  some  years  ago  seemed  destined  to  retard 
growth  have  been  healed.  Pressing  needs  are 
gradually  being  supplied.  One  of  these  is  a  theo 
logical  seminary  for  the  adequate  training  of  the 
ministry.  Such  an  institution  has  just  been 
founded,  and  steps  are  being  tal\en  to  place  it 
upon  a  permanent  financial  basis.  Another  is  the 
preparation  and  spread  of  sound  Baptist  literature. 
For  this  purpose  a  Publication  Society  has  been 
formed,  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society 
furnishing  an  able  manager  and  editor  in  the  per 
son  of  Rev.  P.  W.  Bickel.  D.I).  Doors  are  opening 
far  and  wide,  and  if  men  and  means  can  be  fur 
nished  the  successes  achieved  promise  to  be  but  the 
small  beginnings  of  a  work  of  wonderful  extent 
and  power. 

At  the  close  of  1871)  there  were  in  Germany 
16,602  members,  and  the  gospel  was  preached  at 
1173  preaching  stations.  Adding  the  membership 
in  Austria,  Denmark,  Switzerland,  Poland,  Russia, 
Turkey,  South  Africa, — countries  to  which  German 
Baptists  have  gone,  and  whose  churches  are  included 
in  the  German  Baptist  "Bund,"  or  Union, — the 
total  number  cannot  now  be  much  less  than  27,000. 
The  increase  is  certainly  cheering.  It  has  been 
observed  that  since  the  first  church  was  formed  in 
Hamburg,  every  year  but  four  has  witnessed  the 
organization  of  new  churches.  And  yet  the  work 
is  but  begun.  Millions  upon  millions  have  not  yet 
been  reached.  Should  not  the  abundant  blessings 
of  the  past  induce  Baptists  to  aid  in  spreading  the 
gospel  throughout  the  whole  of  Germany? 

Gessler,  Rev.  Theodore  A.  K.,  A.M.,  was  bom 

in  Philadelphia,  Oct.  16,  1841.  He  passed  through 
the  lower  grades  of  the  public  schools  and  the  High 
School.  Subsequently  he  studied  law.  He  was 
baptized  in  his  native  city  by  Rev.  Benj.  Griffith, 
D.D.  Under  a  conviction  of  duty  he  abandoned  the 
study  of  law,  and  entered  Lewisburg  University  to 
prepare  for  the  ministry,  and  was  graduated  in 
1864.  His  first  pastorate  was  at  West  Farms,  X.  Y., 
which  continued  four  years,  during  which  the  church 
was  greatly  strengthened  and  a  new  house  of  wor 
ship  built  and  paid  for.  From  this  charge  he  went  to 


Elizabeth,  X.  J.,  and  accepted  a  call  from  the  First 
Baptist  church.  lie  remained  on  that  field  twelve 
years,  during  which  large  accessions  were  made  to 
the  church,  and  a  handsome  and  commodious  house 
of  worship  was  built,  costing  about  860,000. 

In  1874  he  was  chosen  president  of  the  Xew 
Jersey  Sunday-School  Union,  which  office  he  held 
until  his  removal  from  the  State. 

On  the  1st  of  January,  1880,  he  entered  upon 
the  pastorate  of  the  Central  Baptist  church  of 
Brooklyn.  Mr.  Gessler  is  a  zealous  worker  in  the 
church,  an  interesting  speaker,  clear-headed,  warm 
hearted,  eminently  social,  and  has  had  unvarying 
success  in  all  his  settlements. 

Gibson,  Rev.  J.  G.,  of  Crawfordville,  Ga.,  an 
able  and  influential  Baptist  minister,  was  born 
March  29,  18,32,  in  Morgan  Co.,  Ala.,  where  he 
lived  for  fifteen  years,  lie  removed  to  Oglethorpe 
Co.,  Ga.,  in  1847.  He  was  converted,  and  united 
with  Millstone  church  in  1850.  He  studied  law  in 
Lexington,  and  when  the  late  civil  war  commenced 
he  was  clerk  of  the  Inferior  and  Superior  Courts, 
and  also  acting  ordinary  for  his  county,  but  re 
signed  to  enter  the  artillery  service  as  lieutenant, 
in  which  he  continued  until  the  war  closed.  lie 
served  chiefly  in  Florida,  and  was  for  a  time  pro 
vost-marshal  and  commandant  of  the  post  at  Talla 
hassee.  After  the  war  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
County  Court,  and  held  the  position  two  years,  but 
resigned  that  he  might  devote  himself  exclusively 
to  the  ministry.  He  was  ordained  in  1865,  since 
which  time  he  has  served  Millstone,  Salem,  Lex 
ington,  Crawford,  and  other  churches  in  Oglethorpe 
County.  Mr.  Gibson  is  a  man  of  marked  ability 
and  great  strength  of  character.  He  is  also  well 
read,  and  a  persevering  student.  Perhaps  no  min 
ister  in  Georgia  is  more  beloved  by  his  churches, 
or  more  honored  by  the  community  in  which  ho 
lives.  There  are  few,  if  any,  better  preachers  in  the 
State  ;  he  is  logical,  earnest,  and  eloquent.  An  ex 
cellent  organizer,  he  has  trained  all  his  churches  in 
systematic  benevolence,  until  they  have  attained  a 
high  degree  of  liberality,  never  failing  to  a  full  per 
formance  of  duty,  not  merely  in  regard  to  church 
services,  but  in  all  those  grand  benevolent  enter 
prises  in  which  the  denomination  is  interested. 

Giddings,  Rev.  Rockwood,  was  born  in  Xew 
Hampshire,  Aug.  8,  1812.  He  joined  a  Baptist 
church  in  his  youth,  and  exhibited  remarkable 
consecration  from  that  time  until  his  death.  After 
a  thorough  preparatory  course  of  instruction  he 
entered  Waterville  College,  graduating  in  1833. 
He  hesitated  as  to  whether  God  had  called  him  to 
preach  the  gospel.  lie  removed  to  Virginia  and 
commenced  the  study  of  medicine,  and  afterwards 
located  in  Warsaw,  Ky.  Here  he  had  just  com 
pleted  his  medical  studies  when  he  was  impressed 
with  a  desire  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  accepted  or- 


GIDXEY 


451 


GIFFORD 


dination  in  1835.  He  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Shelbyville,  Ky.  His  success  was  almost 
marvelous.  In  the  fall  of  1838  ho  was  made  presi 
dent  of  Georgetown  College,  which  at  that  time 
was  without  a  faculty  or  an  endowment.  He 
speedily  organized  the  institution,  with  a  full  corps 
of  professors,  and  gathered  into  it  a  number  of  stu 
dents.  He  then  exerted  himself  to  raise  an  endow 
ment,  and  in  eight  months  he  secured  $80,000  in 
unconditional  notes  ;  he  then  attempted  to  secure 
half  that  amount  in  cash,  and  traveled  long  jour 
neys,  preaching  everywhere  as  ho  went.  But  the 
constant  strain  was  too  much  for  his  delicate  con 
stitution,  and  while  preaching,  he  sank  down  in 
the  pulpit,  from  which  he  was  carried  to  Shelby 
ville.  where  he  died  on  the  29th  of  October,  1839. 

Gidney,  Angus  M.,  was  born  in  New  Bruns 
wick,  May  4,  1803  ;  converted  and  baptized  in  An 
napolis  Co.,  Nova  Scotia.  lie  is  a  literary  man 
and  a  poet ;  was  for  many  years  editor  of  a  secular 
paper  in  Yarmouth  and  Bridgetown.  Mr.  Gidney 
was  recently  sergeant-at-arms  in  the  House  of  As 
sembly  in  Nova  Scotia. 

Gifford,  Andrew,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Bristol, 
England,  Aug.  17,  1700.  He  was  converted  in  his 
boyhood,  and  baptized  in  his  fifteenth  year.  At 
the  academy  whore  he  was  educated  there  wore 
some  students  who  became  noted  men  afterwards; 
and  among  these  was  Dr.  Seeker,  who  became 
archbishop  of  Canterbury. 

Mr.  Gifford,  perhaps  about  his  twenty-fifth  year, 
became  assistant  minister  to  the  Rev.  George  Eaton,  | 
of  Nottingham.  He  subsequently  sustained  for 
two  years  the  same  relation  to  the  Rev.  Bernard 
Foskott,  of  Bristol.  On  Fob.  5,  1729,  he  became 
pastor  of  the  church  meeting  in  Little  Wild  Street, 
London.  There  was  a  division  in  Mr.  Gilford's 
community  in  1736,  which  led  to  the  formation  of 
a  new  church  by  the  pastor  and  a  majority  of  the 
members.  Mr.  Gilford  and  his  friends  erected  a 
new  meeting-house  in  Eagle  Street,  Red  Lion 
Square,  which  was  dedicated  Feb.  20,  1737.  During 
the  ministry  of  Mr.  Gifford  this  house  was  twice 
enlarged  to  accommodate  the  ever-increasing  con 
gregations. 

Mr.  Gilford  early  became  celebrated  for  his  ac 
quaintance  with  and  appreciation  of  ancient  manu 
scripts  and  coins.  His  collection  of  rare  coins  was 
the  most  valuable  in  Great  Britain  ;  it  attracted 
the  attention  of  George  II.,  who  purchased  it  for 
his  own  cabinet.  He  became  a  recognized  author 
ity  of  national  reputation  upon  subjects  of  this 
character.  He  was,  of  course,  a  member  of  the 
Antiquarian  Society. 

During  a  visit  to  Edinburgh  he  was  honored  with 
the  freedom  of  that  ancient  city.  In  1754  the  de 
gree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon  him 
by  Marischal  College,  Aberdeen.  In  1757  he  was 


appointed  assistant  librarian  of  the  British  Mu 
seum.  His  personal  friends,  Lord  Chancellor 
llardwicke,  Archbishop  Herring,  Speaker  Onslow, 
and  Sir  Richard  Ellys,  procured  him  this  impor 
tant  position.  He  did  not  permit  the  duties  of 
his  place  in  the  Museum  to  interfere  with  his  pas 
toral  labors.  He  had  in  his  new  station  the  best 
opportunity  conceivable  for  increasing  his  vast 
knowledge,  and  adding  to  the  list  of  his  distin 
guished  friends.  The  Marquis  of  Lothian,  the  Earl 
of  Halifax,  Lord  Dartmouth,  Lord  Buchan,  and 
others  of  the  nobility  were  occasionally  seen  in  the 
congregation  of  Dr.  Gifford. 

lie  was  a  zealous  Baptist,  and  he  permitted  no 
aristocratic  associations  to  turn  him  from  the  teach 
ings  of  the  New  Testament.  He  was  a  firm  Cal- 
vinist,  and  on  all  proper  occasions  proclaimed  the 
doctrines  of  grace.  He  was  a  warm  friend  of  George 
Whitefield  and  the  Countess  of  Huntingdon,  and 
gloried  in  seeing  souls  brought  to  Jesus.  He  died 
June  19,  1784. 

Dr.  Gifford  bequeathed  his  library,  pictures,  and 
manuscripts,  with  a  vast  collection  of  curiosities, 
to  the  Bristol  Baptist  College.  In  the  library  and 
museum  of  that  institution  these  valuable  gifts 
are  still  to  be  seen  ;  and  no  doubt  they  will  long- 
continue  to  impart  instruction  to  the  living,  and 
to  increase  veneration  for  the  learned  and  saintly 
donor,  whose  pictures  and  bequests  claim  their 
admiration. 

Gifford,  Rev.  John,  was  at  one  time  a  major  in 
the  army  of  Charles  I.,  king  of  England.  In  the 
unsettled  condition  of  the  times,  while  in  the  mili 
tary  service,  lie  became  restless,  and  he  attempted 
to  create  an  insurrection  in  the  county  of  Kent. 
For  this  act  of  rebellion  lie  was  seized,  and,  after 
a  summary  trial,  condemned  to  death.  But  he 
escaped  from  prison  and  fled  to  Bedford,  where  in 
safety  he  followed  the  medical  profession  ;  and  in 
that  town  he  persecuted  godly  persons  with  great 
fierceness. 

By  the  power  of  Jehovah  the  heart  of  the  major 
was  broken,  and  he  accepted  Jesus  as  his  Redeemer. 
He  was  immersed  on  a  profession  of  his  faith,  and 
immediately  began  to  preach.  Converts  were  made 
by  the  Spirit's  blessing  upon  his  ministrations, 
whom  he  formed  into  a  church  about  1650.  Of 
this  church  he  became  pastor,  and  he  continued  its 
nnder-shepherd  till  1671,  when  he  departed  this 
life. 

The  "three  or  four  poor  women"  of  Bedford 
whose  conversation  about  their  sins  and  their  Sa 
viour  first  aroused  John  Bunyan  to  see  the  nature 
and  blessedness  of  true  religion  were  members  of 
Mr.  Gifford's  church.  Their  pastor,  by  his  sermons 
and  pious  counsels,  was  very  useful  in  leading  Bun 
yan  to  the  Saviour,  and  it  was  by  Mr.  Gilford  that 
he  was  immersed  in  1655,  when  he  united  with 


GILBERT 


the  church  at  Bedford.     On  the  12th  of  December, 
1671,  just  after  Mr.  Gi  fiord's  death,  and  while  Bun- 
yati  was  still  in  prison,  he  was  elected  Mr.  Gifford's 
successor. 
Gilbert,  Hon.  Joseph  B.,  son  of  Capt.  Joseph 

Gilbert,  was  born  in  Middletown.  Conn.,  Oct.  10, 
17S7  ;  converted  about  1S05,  and  united  with  a  Bap 
tist  church  ;  trained  as  a  merchant  with  his  father: 
in  1811  commenced  business  in  Hartford,  and  united 
with  First  Baptist  church;  in  1*17  was  chosen 
deacon  ;  held  various  public  offices  ;  elected  to  the 
State  senate ;  for  several  years  State  treasurer ;  a 
long  time  treasurer  of  Connecticut  Baptist  State 
Convention  ;  trustee  of  Connecticut  Literary  In 
stitution  ;  of  sterling  integrity,  sound  judgment, 
firmness  of  faith,  humility  of  deportment,  and 
marked  hospitality  ;  died  June  2,  1857,  in  his  sev 
entieth  year,  leaving  an  honored  name. 

Gilbert,  Rev.  S.  B.,  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church     at    Normal,    111.,    was    born   at   Windsor, 
Broome  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  5,  181<>,  and  was  baptized 
at   fifteen   years   of  age  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
church  at  Shelby,  Orleans  Co.,  X.  Y.,  by  his  father, 
Rev.  Samuel  Gilbert,  one  of  the  pioneer  ministers 
of    Southeastern   New   York.      He   was    ordained 
pastor  of   the  Junius   and   Tyre   Baptist   church, 
Seneca  Co.,   in   1840.     His   subsequent  pastorates 
have  been  at  Clyde,  N.  Y.,  Marshall,  Mich.,  Men- 
dota,  El  Paso,  Frcoport,  and  Normal,  111.     His  re 
moval  to  Illinois  took  place  in  1855,  when  he  set 
tled   at   Mendota,  then   a  small   railway  town   on 
the  newly-opened  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy 
road.     Here  he  remained  fourteen  years,  the  church 
which  was  in  due  time    organized,   growing  to  a 
membership  of  200,  and  a  second  house  of  worship 
being  under  way  as  he  left  for  another  field.     Mr. 
Gilbert  is  noted  among  his  brethren  for  his  thought 
ful,  judicious  sermons,  his  excellent  judgment,  his 
steadiness  of  purpose,  and  genial,  brotherly  spirit. 
Giles,  Rev.  John  Eustace,  for  several  years  one 
of  the  most  distinguished  preachers  among  the  Eng 
lish  Baptists,  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  W.  Giles,  and 
was  born  at  Dartmouth,  April  20,  1805,  where  his 
father  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church.     He  was 
educated   at  the   well-known    school   of   the  Rev. 
James  Hinton,  at  Oxford,  and  in  his  twentieth  year 
he  was  baptized  and  admitted  into  the  church  at 
Chatham,  of  which  his  father  was  then  pastor.    In 
1825  he  was  entered  as  a  student  at  Bristol  Col 
lege,   and  whilst  there   gave   promise   of   eminent 
usefulness.     His  first  settlement  as  pastor  was  at 
Salter's  Hall  chapel,  London,  where  he  remained 
six  years.     He  accepted  a  pressing  call  from  the 
church  at  South  Parade,  Leeds,  in  1836,  and  during 
the  next  ten  years  he  became  a  prominent  leader 
in  public  and  denominational  affairs.     In  company 
with  Dr.  Acworth  he  visited  Hamburg  on  behalf 
of  Mr.  Oncken  and  the  persecuted  Baptists  of  that 


3  GILL 

city,  and  at  a  later  period  he  was  associated  with 
the  Rev.  Henry  Dowson  as  a  deputation  to  the  king 
of  Denmark  to  plead  for  the  Baptists  of  that  coun 
try.  In  both  cases  the  results  were  gratifying, 
although  persecution  for  conscience'  sake  had  not 
wholly  ceased.  In  the  Anti-Corn-Law  struggle  Mr. 
Giles  played  a  prominent  part,  and  during  his  res 
idence  in  Leeds  he  was  immensely  popular.  After 
his  removal  from  Leeds  he  labored  at  Bristol  for  a 
short  period,  then  for  fifteen  years  at  Sheffield  ; 
from  thence  he  removed  to  Rathmines,  Dublin,  and 
finally  settled  as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Clapham 
Common,  London,  which  position  he  held  for  thir 
teen  years,  until  his  death,  June  24,  1875,  aged 
seventy.  His  pulpit  talents  during  his  ministry 
at  Leeds,  in  the  prime  of  life,  were  of  the  highest 
order.  Although  he  wrote  much,  he  published 
nothing  except  occasional  lectures  and  sermons. 
His  baptismal  hymn  is  a  general  favorite,  and  is 
found  probably  in  every  modern  collection  of  hymns 
used  by  Baptists  throughout  the  world,  having 
been  translated  into  several  languages.  It  is  per 
haps  not  universally  known  that  Mr.  Giles  was  the 
mthor.  No  one  can  question  that  it  has  the  ring 
of  true  poetry  as  well  as  of  sound  Baptist  senti 
ments  : 

"  Hast  tliou  said,  exalted  Jesus, 

Take  thy  cross  and  follow  me? 

Shall  the  word  with  terror  seize,  us? 

Shall  we  from  the  burden  llee? 

Lord,  I'll  take  it, 
And,  rejoicing,  follow  theo." 

Gill,  John,  D.D.,  was  born  at  K ottering,  North 
amptonshire,  England,  Nov.  23,  10U7.  Hi*  father, 
Edward  Gill,  was  a  Baptist  in  the  membership  of 
a  union  church  composed  of  Presbyterians,  Con- 
gregationalists,  and  Baptists,  in  which,  beside  a 
Pedobaptist  pastor,  Mr.  William  Wallis,  a  Baptist 
was  a  teaching  elder,  with  authority  to  immerse 
adults.  As  Isaac  Backus  found  this  system  a  cause 
of  controversy  and  strife  in  New  England,  so  it 
proved  in  Kettering,  and  Edward  Gill,  William 
Wallis,  and  their  friends  found  it  necessary  to 
withdraw  and  form  a  Particular  Baptist  church. 
Edward  Gill  was  elected  one  of  the  deacons.  To 
the  end  of  his  life  he  obtained  a  good  report  for 
"  grace,  piety,  and  holy  conversation.'' 

His  son  John  early  showed  uncommon  talents, 
and  quickly  surpassed  those  of  his  own  age,  and 
many  much  older,  in  acquiring  knowledge.  Before 
he  was  eleven  years  of  age,  under  the  instruction 
of  an  Episcopal  clergyman,  who  had  charge  of  the 
grammar-school  of  which  he  was  a  pupil,  he  had 
read  the  principal  Latin  classics,  and  had  made 
such  progress  in  Greek  that  he  became  an  object 
of  wonder  and  admiration  to  several  ministers  who 
were  familiar  with  his  attainments.  The  booksel 
ler's  shop  in  the  town  was  only  open  on  the  mar 
ket-day,  and  by  the  favor  of  the  proprietor  John 


GILL 


453 


GILL 


Gill  was  continually  found  there  on  that  day  con 
sulting  various  authors.  This  remarkable  studi- 
ousness  attended  him  throughout  life.  His  teacher 
commenced  the  practice  of  requiring  the  children 


JOHN    GILL,   D.D. 

of  Dissenters  to  attend  prayers  in  the  Episcopal 
church  on  week-days  along  with  the  youths  that 
belonged  to  the  Church  of  England.  The  law 
probably  gave  him  authority  to  exhibit  his  mean 
bigotry  in  this  way.  But  Dissenting  parents 
properly  resented  this  pious  effort  of  the  clerical 
teacher,  and  withdrew  their  children  from  his  care. 
Deprived  of  an  instructor,  he  studied  with  even  in 
creased  industry,  and  soon  became  a  proficient  in 
logic,  rhetoric,  natural  and  moral  philosophy,  and 
Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew.  In  Latin  he  read  the 
hoarded  treasures  of  ancient  and  modern  divinity 
until  he  was  conversant  with  all  the  great  writers 
of  AVestern  Christendom. 

When  he  was  about  twelve  years  of  age,  a  ser 
mon  preached  by  Mr.  Wallis,  his  father's  pastor, 
on  the  words,  "  And  the  Lord  God  called  unto 
Adam,  and  said  unto  him,  Where  art  thou  ?"  made 
a  solemn  impression  upon  his  rnind;  his  sins 
and  the  wrath  of  God  alarmed  him  ;  and  for  some 
time  he  was  in  the  deepest  distress.  But  the  Sa 
viour  drew  near  and  showed  him  his  wounds  and 
dying  throes,  and  everlasting  love,  and  by  grace 
he  was  enabled  to  trust  him,  and  to  find  liberty 
and  justification.  On  the  1st  of  November,  171G, 
he  was  baptized  in  a  neighboring  river,  and  re 
ceived  into  the  fellowship  of  the  church  of  Ketter- 


Almost  immediately  after,  by  the  advice  of 
friends,  he  begun  to  preach,  first  at  lligham  Fer 
rers,  and  afterwards  at  Kettering.  The  Lord 
blessed  these  ministrations  to  the  conversion  of  a 
considerable  number  of  persons,  and  high  hopes 
were  cherished  about  the  future  usefulness  of  Mr. 
Gill. 

He  was  elected  pastor  of  the  church  at  Horsley- 
dovvn,  Southwark,  London,  and  ordained  to  the 
gospel  ministry  in  its  meeting-house  March  22, 
1720.  Of  this  church  the  celebrated  Benjamin 
Reach  had  been  pastor,  whose  son  Elias  founded 
the  oldest  church  now  existing  in  Pennsylvania, 
the  mother  of  all  the  Baptist  churches  in  Philadel 
phia.  Difficulties  which  met  him  on  entering  upon 
his  pastoral  life  in  London  soon  disappeared,  his 
meeting-house  was  thronged  with  people,  conver 
sions  were  numerous,  and  for  over  fifty-one  years 
he  was  a  power  in  London,  and  a  religious  author 
ity  all  over  Great  Britain  and  America. 

In  comparatively  early  life  he  began  to  collect 
Hebrew  works,  the  two  Talmuds,  the  Targums, 
and  everything  bearing  on  the  Old  Testament  and 
its  times,  and  it  is  within  bounds  to  say  that  no 
man  in  the  eighteenth  century  was  as  well  versed 
in  the  literature  and  customs  of  the  ancient  Jews 
as  John  Gill.  He  has  sometimes  been  called  the 
Dr.  John  Lightfoot  of  the  Baptists.  This  compli 
ment,  in  the  estimation  of  some  persons,  flatters 
Dr.  Lightfoot  more  than  Dr.  Gill,  great  an  authority 
as  Dr.  Lightfoot  undoubtedly  was  on  all  questions 
of  Hebrew  learning.  In  1748,  Dr.  Gill  received 
his  diploma  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Aberdeen, 
in  which  his  attainments  are  described  ''as  ex 
traordinary  proficiency  in  sacred  literature,  the 
Oriental  tongues,  and  Jewish  antiquities." 

His  "  Dissertation  Concerning  the  Antiquity 
of  the  Hebrew  Language,  Letters,  A'owel  Points, 
and  Accents,''  has  been  described  as  '*  a  masterly 
effort,  of  profound  research,  which  would  have 
shown  Dr.  Gill  to  have  been  a  prodigy  of  reading 
and  literature  had  he  never  published  a  syllable  on 
any  other  subject." 

His  "  Body  of  Divinity,"  published  in  1769,  is  a 
work  without  which  no  theological  library  is  com 
plete.  His  grand  old  doctrines  of  grace,  taken  un 
adulterated  from  the  Divine  fountain,  presented  in 
the  phraseology  and  with  the  illustrations  of  an  intel 
lectual  giant,  and  commended  by  a  wealth  of  sancti 
fied  Biblical  learning  only  once  in  several  ages 
permitted  to  mortals,  sweep  all  opposition  before 
them,  and  leave  no  place  for  the  blighted  harvests, 
the  seed  of  which  was  planted  by  James  Arminius 
in  modern  times.  In  this  work  eternal  and  personal 
election  to  a  holy  life,  particular  redemption  from 
all  guilt,  resistless  grace  in  regeneration,  final 
preservation  from  sin  and  the  Wicked  one,  till  the 
believer  enters  paradise,  and  the  other  doctrines  of 


GILL 


454 


GILL 


the  Christian  system,  are  expounded  and  defended 
by  one  of  the  greatest  teachers  in  Israel  ever  called 
to  the  work  of  instruction  by  the  Spirit  of  Jehovah. 

Dr.  dill's  commentary  is  the  most  valuable  exposi 
tion  of  the  Old  and  Xew  Testaments  ever  published. 
In  codices  of  the  Scriptures,  recently  discovered, 
there  are  some  more  authoritative  readings  than 
those  known  in  Gill's  dav  :  and  light  has  been  cast 
upon  the  inspired  records  by  explorations  in  the 
Hast,  lately  undertaken,  and  still  in  progress.  Hut 
except  in  these  features,  (Jill's  commentary  has  the 
largest  amount  of  valuable  information  ever  pre 
sented  to  Christians,  in  the  form  of  ;i  Annotations 
on  the  Hible.''  The  work  was  republished  in 
Philadelphia  by  a  Presbyterian  elder  in  1S1  1  ;  and 
in  Ireland  by  an  Episcopal  clergyman  some  years 
:\'^o.  His  other  writings  are  numerous  and  of 
great  merit.  His  works  are  still  in  demand  at 
large  prices  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic. 

lie  was  among  the  first  contributors  to  Rhode 
Island  College,  now  Hrown  University  ;  and  in  his 
will  he  bequeathed  a  complete  set  of  his  works  and 
fifty-two  folio  volumes  of  the  fathers  to  that  insti 
tution.  Dr.  Manning  stated  at  the  time  that  "  this 
was  by  far  the  greatest  donation  the  little  library 
of  the  college  had  as  yet  received."  The  works  are 
still  in  the  library  at  Providence. 

Dr.  Gill  died  in  possession  of  perfect  conscious 
ness,  and  in  the  full  enjoyment  of  the  Saviour's 
love,  Oct.  14.  1771.  His  death  occasioned  great  sor 
row,  especially  among  the  friends  of  truth  through 
out  this  country  and  Great  Hritain,  and  many 
funeral  sermons  were  preached  to  commemorate 
his  great  worth. 

Dr.  Gill  was  of  middle  stature,  neither  tall  nor 
short,  he  was  well  proportioned,  a  little  inclined  to 
corpulency,  his  countenance  was  fresh  and  health 
ful,  and  he  enjoyed  a  serene  cheerfulness  which 
continued  with  him  almost  to  the  last. 

He  was  one  of  the  purest  men  that  ever  lived  : 
the  sovereign  grace  for  which  he  so  nobly  waged 
war  was  his  own  refuge  and  strength,  and  it  gave 
him  a  life-long  victory  over  all  outward  and  in 
ternal  evils. 

He  was  a  man  of  great  humility,  though  flattered 
by  large  numbers.  He  could  honestly  say,  "  l>v 
the  grace  of  God  I  am  what  I  am  ;'?  he  felt  the 
truth  of  this  apostolic  experience,  and  glorified 
sovereign  grace. 

He  knew  more  of  the  Bible  than  any  one  with 
whose  writings  we  are  acquainted.  "Dr.  Gill," 
says  John  Ryland,  "  leads  into  an  ocean  of  divinity 
by  a  system  of  doctrinal  and  practical  religion,  and 
by  a  judicious  and  learned  exposition  of  the  Old 
and  New  Testaments." 

The  profound  and  pious  Episcopalian,  Toplady, 
who  was  frequently  at  a  week-night  lecture  of  Dr. 
Gill's,  the  author  of  the  hymn, — 


"  Rork  (if  Afjfs,  shelter  me, 
Let  me  hide  myself  in  thee." 

says  of  the  doctor,  "  So  far  as  the  doctrines  of  the 
gospel  are  concerned,  Gill  never  besieged  an  error 
which  he  did  not  force  from  its  strongholds  ;  nor 
did  he  ever  encounter  an  adversary  to  truth  whom 
j  he  did  not  baffle  and  subdue.  His  doctrinal  and 
!  practical  writings  will  live  and  be  admired,  and  be  a 
standing  blessing  to  posterity,  when  their  opposers 
are  forgotten,  or  only  remembered  by  the  refuta 
tions  he  has  given  them.  While,  irue  reliijion  and 
sound  li'ii  rniiKj  hare  a  niiii//e  friend  re»i/iinin</  in. 

Ha1  British  Enniirc.  the  works  and  name  <-f  Gill  will 

i       ' 

be  precious  <in<l  revered.'' 
Gill,  Rev.  Thomas  A.,  the  son  of  John  S.  Gill, 

of  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  was  born  in  that  city  Feb.  S, 
1X4().  After  the  usual  preparatory  training,  he 
entered  the  Philadelphia  High  School,  and  was 
graduated  in  his  sixteenth  year.  Soon  after  this, 
lie  entered  successively  for  short  intervals  the  offices 
of  Francis  Wharton  and  Win.  Henry  Rawle,  dis 
tinguished  lawyers  of  his  native  city.  On  leaving 
the  service  of  the  latter,  the  next  few  years  were 
spent  with  his  father,  whose  purpose  was  to  asso 
ciate  his  eldest  son  with  him  in  his  business. 

During  this  period — in  his  nineteenth  year — he 
was  converted  under  the  ministrations  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Cathcart,  and  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Second  Baptistchurch,  Philadelphia.  In  April. 
ISfil,  as  the  result  of  personal  conviction,  and  the 
judgment  of  the  church,  he  entered  the  university 
at  Lewisburg  to  prepare  for  the  gospel  ministry. 
The  late  war  being  then  in  active  progress,  his 
collegiate  course  was  interrupted  by  two  short  terms 
of  service  in  response  to  the  exigencies  growing  out 
of  the  invasion  of  Pennsylvania  by  the  army  of 
Gen.  Lee.  and  the  subsequent  burning  of  Chsim- 
bersburg.  Graduating  in  the  university  at  the 
close  of  the  war,  he  entered  the  Theological  Semi 
nary  at  the  same  place,  and  completed  the  pre 
scribed  course  in  July,  1X07.  In  July  of  the  en 
suing  year  he  was  called  to  the  pastoral  charge  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  Germantown,  Philadel 
phia,  and  in  October  following  ordained  to  the 
Christian  ministry.  Resigning  his  pastorate  in  im 
paired  health  in  August,  1X71,  he  sought  the  same 
month  the  benefits  of  a  tour  abroad,  traveling  ex 
tensively  in  Europe,  Egypt,  and  the  Holy  Land. 
Reluctant,  after  his  return,  in  1872,  to  re-enter  the 
pastorate,  from  considerations  of  health,  he  was  at 
length  nominated  by  President  Grant  as  a  chaplain 
of  the  navy,  and  confirmed  by  the  Senate,  Dec.  22, 
1X74.  In  the  following  year,  April  8,  he  was  mar 
ried  to  Marie  Antoinette,  the  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  E.  II.  Xevin,  of  Philadelphia.  On  the  death  of 
his  wife,  in  May,  1X78,  at  Yallejo,  Cal.,  while 
chaplain  of  the  naval  station  there,  he  returned  to 
the  East,  and  was  attached  to  the  flag-ship  '•  Ten- 


GILLETTE 


455 


GILMORE 


nessee,1'  of  the  Atlantic  Squadron,  where  he  has 
been  officiating  as  chaplain  up  to  the  present  date. 
Mr.  Gill  possesses  scholarly  attainments,  deep  piety, 
a  vigorous  intellect,  an  unblemished  reputation,  and 
the  warm  regards  of  all  that  know  him. 

Gillette,  A.  D.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Cambridge, 
Washington  Co..  X.  Y..  Sept.  8.  ISO?  ;  educated  at 
Hamilton  and  Union  College,  Schenectady ;  or 
dained  in  Schenectady  ;  pastor  of  the  Sansoni 
Street  church  (Dr.  Staughton's),  Philadelphia,  for 
four  years;  founded  the  Eleventh  Baptist  church 
in  the  same  city  in  1839,  and,  under  (iod,  made  it 
a  large  and  prosperous  community.  He  has  been 
pastor  of  Calvary  church,  Ne\v  York,  the  First 
church  of  Washington,  I).  C..  the  Gethseniane 
church  of  Brooklyn,  and  the  church  of  Sing  Sing, 
N.  Y.  He  edited  the  ''  Minutes  of  the  Philadel 
phia  Association  from  1707  to  1807."  a  work  of 
great  labor  and  of  unusual  value,  lie  has  baptized 
about  12000  persons.  In  185f>  he  received  the  de 
gree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  Dr.  Gillette  is  one  of 
the  most  brotherly  men  the  writer  ever  met;  bis 
friends  are  legion.  He  has  been  one  of  the  most 
useful  men  in  the  Baptist  denomination  :  his  grace 
ful  manners,  unselfish  disposition,  and  cultured 
mind  gave  him  access  in  Philadelphia.  New  York, 
and  Washington  to  the  best  society.  The  denomi 
nation  lamented  the  stroke  of  paralysis  which  re- 


A.    I).  GILLETTE,    D.D. 

cently  threatened  his  life  in  Saratoga.     Dr.  Gillette 

has  always  basked  in  the  sunshine  of  Christianity, 

leaving  its  imaginary  dark  clouds  to  gloomy  minds. 

Gilmore,  Gov.  Joseph  A.,  was  born  in  Weston, 


Yt.,  June  10,  1818.  Like  many  enterprising  young 
men,  he  was  not  satisfied  to  remain  in  the  quiet 
rural  district  where  he  spent  his  childhood,  but 
sought  a  wider  field  of  activity.  In  early  life  he 


(i(tV.    .lOSF.I'n     A.    GILMORE. 

went  to  Boston,  and  there  for  a  number  of  years 
was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  It  was  while- 
he  was  thus  occupied  that  he  was  brought  under 
the  influence  of  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Baron  Stow, 
I >.!>.,  and  became  a  hopeful  Christian,  and  joined 
the  Baldwin  Place  church,  of  which  Dr.  Stow  was 
the  pastor.  After  remaining  several  years  in  Bos 
ton,  he  moved  to  Concord,  N.  II.,  and  for  some  time 
was  engaged  in  the  same  business  which  he  had  pur 
sued  in  the  former  city.  Subsequently  he  became 
interested  in  railroads,  for  which  he  seems  to  have 
had  special  tastes,  lie  was  superintendent  of  the 
Concord,  Manchester  and  Lawrence  road,  and  after 
wards  of  others  leading  out  of  Concord.  He  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  State  seriate  in  1858,  and  in 
1859  was  elected  president  of  the  senate.  In  1863 
he  became  governor  of  New  Hampshire,  and  held 
the  office  two  years.  Gov.  Gilmore  was  a  man  of 
great  energy  of  character,  combining  therewith 
the  most  tender  domestic  affections.  He  took  a- 
deep  interest  in  the  prosperity  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Concord,  of  which  Rev.  Dr.  C.  W.  Flan 
ders  was  the  pastor,  and  did  what  he  could  to  pro 
mote  its  welfare.  Prof.  J.  II.  Gilmore,  of  Rochester 
University,  is  a  son  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
Gov.  Gilmore  died  April  17,  1867. 

Gilmore,  Prof.  Joseph  Henry,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  April  29,   1834:    was  graduated  at 


GIST 


456 


GO  FORTH 


Phillips  Academy,  Andover,  1852,  at  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  1858,  and  at  Newton  Theological  Semi 
nary  in  1861.  During  1861-62  he  was  instructor 
in  Hebrew  at  Xewton,  and  pastor  of  the  Fisherville, 
N.  II.,  Baptist  church.  lie  served  as  private  secre 
tary  toGov.  (Jihuore,  of  New  Hampshire,  and  as  edi 
tor  of  the  Concord  Daily  Monitor  in  1864-6f>.  The 
next  two  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  Second  church 
of  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  and  during  the  latter  year 
acting  Professor  of  Hebrew  in  Rochester  Theologi 
cal  Seminary.  .Ian.  1,  1867,  he  entered  upon  the 
professorship  of  Logic,  Rhetoric,  and  English,  which 
chair  he  still  fills  with  great  ability. 

Prof.  Gilmore  is  a  scholarly  writer.  For  the 
last  ten  years  he  has  been  a  frequent  editorial  con 
tributor  to  the  Examiner  and  Chronicle.  He  has 
published  an  admirable  treatise,  entitled  '•  The  Art 
of  Expression,"  intended  as  an  elementary  text 
book  on  rhetoric.  He  has  written  some  excellent 
poems,  among  which  we  mention  "  Little  Mary" 
and  "  He  Leadeth  Me''  ;  a  part  of  the  latter  we 
give  below  : 

"  lie  leadoth  mo  !     Oh,  Messed  thought ! 
Oh,  words  with  heavenly  comfort  fraught! 
Wliate'er  I  do,  where'er  I  be, 
Still  'tis  God's  hand  that  leadeth  me. 

"  Sometimes  mid  scenes  of  deepest  gloom, 
Sometimes  where  Eden's  bowers  bloom, 
By  waters  still  o'er  troubled  sea, 
Still  'tis  bis  hand  that  leadeth  mo." 

Gist,  Hon.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Union  District, 
S.  C.,  on  the  12th  of  January,  1775.  He  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  17!)'.',  and  attained  such  distinc 
tion  in  the  profession  that  "  his  services  were  often 
sought  by  both  parties  to  a  dispute.  An  incident  of 
two  men  of  wealth  and  standing,  in  adjoining  dis 
tricts,  after  a  hard  ride  meeting  at  his  gate,  to 
employ  him  in  an  important  case,  is  remembered 
by  his  brother."  "His  influence  with  the  juries 
was  almost  irresistible,  and  was  very  great  with  the 
judges." 

He  represented  his  district  in  the  Legislature  for 
eighteen  years,  and  was  then  elected  to  Congress, 
of  which  he  was  a  member  for  six  years,  after 
which  he  voluntarily  retired  on  account  of  ill 
health. 

The  office  of  judge,  which  at  that  time  was  a 
very  high  honor,  was  once  within  his  reach,  but  he 
declined  in  favor  of  David  Johnson,  then  but  little 
known,  but  afterwards  one  of  the  most  honorable 
judges  that  ever  occupied  the  bench  in  South  Caro 
lina.  It  is  gratifying  to  claim  such  a  man  as  an 
humble,  pious  Baptist. 

Goddard,  Rev.  Josiah,  was  born  in  Wendell, 
Mass.,  Oct.  27,  1813,  became  a  hopeful  Christian  in 
1826,  and  was  baptized  in  May,  1831.  He  gradu 
ated  at  Brown  University  in  1835,  and  at  the  New 
ton  Theological  Institution  in  1838.  Having  been 


accepted  as  a  missionary  by  the  Board  of  the  Mis 
sionary  Union,  he  sailed,  the  December  after  he 
graduated  at  Newton,  for  the  East,  and  landed  at 
Singapore  in  June,  1839,  and  proceeded  to  the  place 
of  his  destination,  Bangkok,  Siam,  arriving  there 
Oct.  16,  1840.  He  was  to  direct  his  special  atten 
tion  to  the  Chinese  of  that  city,  of  whom  there 
were  many  thousands.  In  1842  he  had  so  far  made 
himself  master  of  the  language  that  he  was  able  to 
take  the  pastoral  charge  of  the  church  which  had 
been  gathered  by  Dr.  Dean,  where  he  was  prospered 
in  the  work  of  preaching  the  gospel  to  the  heathen. 
He  also  finished  the  translation  of  the  (Jospel  of 
John,  and  it  was  printed.  He  prepared  for  the 
press  some  Christian  tracts  and  an  English  and 
Chinese  vocabulary.  In  1848  he  had  a  severe  at 
tack  of  bleeding  at  the  lungs,  and  for  some  time 
his  life  was  despaired  of,  but  a  change  of  climate, 
by  his  removal  to  Ningpo,  arrested  the  progress  of 
the  disease,  and  he  was  able  to  resume  his  work. 
To  do  this  he  was  obliged  to  learn  an  entirely  new 
dialect  of  the  Chinese  language  in  order  to  be  un 
derstood  by  the  natives  of  Ningpo.  For  several 
years  he  was  busily  occupied  with  his  missionary 
labors,  and  the  Lord  owned  these  efforts  in  the 
conversion  of  the  heathen  and  the  building  up  of 
his  cause  in  the  city  where  he  had  made  his  home. 
His  work  and  life  came  to  an  end  Sept.  4,  1854. 

Dr.  Dean  accords  to  Mr.  (loddard  traits  of  char 
acter  which  rank  him  among  the  ablest  of  our 
missionaries.  •"  His  native  endowments  were  su 
perior  ;  his  education  had  been  extended  and 
thorough  ;  his  study  of  the  Chinese  language  had 
been  patient  and  successful  ;  his  knowledge  of  the 
sacred  languages  and  literature  was  accurate  and 
familiar,  and  he  brought  to  his  work  a  large  share 
of  common  sense  and  sound  judgment,  and  a  warm 
heart  and  high-toned  Christian  principles." 

Goforth,  N.  B.,  D.D.,  president  of  Carson  Col 
lege,  was  born  in  Sevier  Co.,  Tenn.,  May  20,  1829. 
He  made  a  profession  of  religion  and  joined  the 
Baptist  church  at  Boyd's  Creek,  Sevier  County. 
He  soon  felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel 
and  devote  his  life  to  the  service  of  Christ  as  a 
minister,  and  in  order  to  prepare  himself  properly 
for  this  work  he  entered  Maryville  College  in 
1851,  and  graduated  in  1855. 

In  1857  he  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the  gos 
pel  ministry  by  a  Presbytery  consisting  of  Elders 
Win.  Ellis,  Win.  Ballien.  and  W.  M.  Burnett.  In 
1855  he  was  elected  to  a  professorship  in  Mossy 
Creek,  now  Carson,  Baptist  College,  and  was  elected 
president  of  the  same  in  1859,  but  formally  re 
signed  that  position  in  1806.  and  was  re-elected  in 
1870,  continuing  to  serve  in  that  capacity  to  the 
present  time.  His  life  for  the  most  part  has  been 
devoted  to  teaching,  believing  that  he  can  be  more 
useful  in  this  way  than  in  any  other  department  of 


GOING 


457 


GOOD HUE 


labor,  and  he  feels  and  his  brethren  know  that  God 
has  greatly  blessed  his  work.  Dr.  Goforth  is  re 
garded  as  one  of  our  best  educators,  as  well  as  one 
of  the  ablest  ministers  in  Tennessee. 

Going,  Rev.  Eliab.— At  McIIenry,  111.,  Feb. 
2S,  1869,  died  one  of  that  group  of  brothers  to 
which  belonged  Jonathan  Going,  I).]).,  so  well 
known  in  connection  with  the  organization  of  home 
missions  in  this  country,  and  as  the  founder  of 
Granville  College,  now  Denison  University,  Rev. 
E/ra  Going,  of  Ohio,  Rev.  James  Going,  of  Michi 
gan,  with  Eliab  Going,  the  subject  of  the  present 
notice.  Eliab  Going  was  born  in  Heading,  Vt., 
Dec.  5,  1700.  His  active  life  was  spent  chiefly  in 
Western  New  York  as  missionary  and  pastor;  for 
two  or  three  years  he  was  a  missionary  among  the 
Seneca  Indians.  lie  came  to  Illinois  in  1856  or 
1857,  residing  with  his  children  in  McIIenry  County, 
and  preaching  occasionally,  as  opportunity  served. 
Mr.  Going's  wife  died  only  two  days  before  him 
self,  and  they  were  buried  at  the  same  time  and  in 
the  same  grave.  "  Lovely  and  pleasant  in  their 
lives,  in  their  death  they  were  not  divided.'' 

Going,  Jonathan,  D.D.,  eldest  son  of  Jonathan 
and  Sarah  K.  Going,  was  born  in  Heading,  Vt., 
March  7,  178C>.  In  1803  he  entered  the  academy  at 
New  Salem,  Mass.,  at  which  place  and  also  at  Mid- 
dleborough,  Mass.,  he  prepared  for  college.  In 
1805  he  entered  Brown  University,  and  during  his 
Freshman  year  was  converted  to  God  and  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  church,  Providence, 
by  the  pastor,  Rev.  Stephen  Gano,  April  6,  18()fi. 
During  his  college  course  he  was  a  most  faithful 
and  active  Christian.  After  his  graduation,  in  1809, 
he  spent  a  season  in  studying  theology  with  Dr. 
Messer,  the  president  of  the  university. 

Returning  to  Vermont,  he  was  ordained  in  Mav, 
1811,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Cavendish. 
In  December,  1815,  lie  removed  to  Worcester,  Mass., 
and  remained  pastor  of  the  church  in  that  city 
until  1832,  a  period  of  over  sixteen  years.  This 
pastorate  was  one  of  the  most  successful  and  influ 
ential  of  that  day.  Sunday-schools,  foreign  mis 
sions,  ministerial  education,  and  reform  movements 
had  in  Dr.  Going  a  pronounced  and  able  friend  and 
advocate.  During  the  later  years  of  his  ministry 
at  Worcester  he  became  profoundly  interested  in 
home  missions,  and  in  1831  obtained  leave  of  ab 
sence  from  his  church  to  visit  the  Baptist  churches 
in  the  Western  States.  May  25  of  that  year  lie 
attended  the  meeting  of  the  Ohio  State  Convention 
at  Lancaster,  and  gave  great  aid  in  the  formation 
of  the  Ohio  Baptist  Education  Society  and  the 
founding  of  Granville  College. 

As  the   result  of  this   visit,   Dr.   Going  was  in 
1832  made  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society,  a  position  which  he  held  with  sig 
nal  ability  and  unwearied  industry  for  five  years. 
30 


Much  of  the  present  prosperity  and  usefulness  of 
the  Home  Mission  Society  is  due  to  his  wise  plans 
and  arduous  toils. 

In  the  autumn  of  1837,  Dr.  Going  accepted  the 
presidency  of  Granville  College,  0.,  and  removed 
from  Brooklyn  to  the  West.  In  this  position  he 
remained  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  all  the  friends 
of  the  college  until  his  death,  which  occurred  Nov. 
9,  1844.  While  in  Ohio  his  influence  was  felt  in 
every  good  work.  He  was  profoundly  interested 
in  the  growth  of  the  denomination  throughout  the 
State,  and  gave  much  time  and  strength  to  securing 
funds  for  the  education  of  young  men.  His  death 
was  regarded  as  the  greatest  loss  that  had  befallen 
Ohio  Baptists,  and  to  this  day  his  name  and  work 
are  held  in  grateful  remembrance. 

Goodale,  Rev.  Hervey,  was  born  in  West  Roy- 
alston,  Mass.,  in  1822.  He  graduated  at  George 
town  College.  Ky.,  in  1848.  His  heart  was  setupon 
being  a  foreign  missionary,  and  he  received  an 
appointment  from  the  Southern  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions,  and  was  ordained  in  1848  with  a  view  to 
going  out  as  a  missionary  to  China.  Before  his 
purpose  could  be  carried  into  execution  circum 
stances  occurred  which  led  to  a  change  in  his  plans, 
and  lie  decided  to  accept  an  appointment  to  Central 
Africa.  With  two  others,  fellow-laborers,  he  sailed 
from  Providence,  R.  1.,  Dec.  17. 1849.  On  reaching 
the  shores  of  Africa,  lie  was  seized  with  a  fever 
early  in  March,  1850.  and  died  on  the  13th  of  April, 
at  Saina,  about  ninety  miles  from  Monrovia.  Thus 
prematurely,  as  -\ve  judge,  was  cut  off  a  young 
Christian  hero  in  the  bright  hope  of  doing  some 
service  for  his  Lord  on  the  coasts  of  dark  heathen 
Africa. 

Goodhue,  Rev.  Joseph  Addison,  was  born  at 

Xew  Boston,  X.  II..  about  the  year  1828.  He  was 
a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  College  in  the  class  of 
1848,  and  of  the  Newton  Theological  Institution  in 
the  class  of  1852.  lie  was  ordained  as  a  minister 
of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  October,  1852,  and 
was  pastor  of  the  Central  Baptist  church,  Norwich, 
Conn.,  for  two  years.  He  resigned  his  position  to 
enter  upon  the  duties  of  Professor  of  Languages  in 
the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution,  where  he  re 
mained  only  one  year,  and  then  accepted  a  call  to 
South  Boston,  Mass.  Here  he  remained  two  years, 
and  then  took  charge  of  the  church  at  Farmingham 
Centre,  where  he  remained  three  years.  lie  went 
from  Farmingham  to  North  Cambridge.  Mass., 
from  which  in  two  years  he  removed  to  Westbor- 
ough,  Mass.,  where  he  was  pastor  three  years.  For 
a  short  time  he  was  pastor  of  the  churches  in  Shel- 
burne  Falls  and  Danversport.  Mr.  Goodhue  was  the 
author  of  a  volume  hearing  the  title  "  The  Cruci 
ble,"  designed,  like  Edwards's  immortal  work  "On 
the  Affections,"  to  furnish  tests  which  would  dis 
tinguish  true  from  false  conversion.  It  called  forth 


GOOD MAX 


458 


GOODSPEED 


considerable  criticism  at   the  time  of  its  publica 
tion.      Ho  died  at  Hyde  Park,  Mass.,  Dec.   I,  1S73. 
Goodman,    Edward,    senior   proprietor    of    the 
Standard,    at    Chicago,    is    a    native    of    England. 
having  been  born  at  Clipstone,  Northamptonshire, 
Mav  10.  1S.">().      His  education  was  directed  with  a 
view  to  the  business  of  a   druggist,  and  he  became 
quite  early  in  life  connected  with  the  establishment 
of  .Mr.  Clark,  one   of   the   principal    merchants   in 
that  line  in   Leicester.      There   he   attended    Robert 
Hall's  church,  at  that  time  under  the  pastoral  care 
of  Rev.   -I.    P.  Mursell,   Mr.    Hall's   successor.      In 
1840.  at   the   ago   of  sixteen,  he    was    baptized   by 
Mr.    Mnrsell,    and    united   with    the    Harvey  Lane 
church.     In -June,  1*52.  Mr.  Goodman  left  Kngland 
for  the  United  States,  arriving  in  Chicago  -July  1  I, 
of  that  year.      In  August  of  the  following  year  ho 
took   an   agency  for  the  Christian   Tiiin'n,  now  the 
Standard,  visiting   the   churches   in    Illinois,  Wis 
consin,    and    Iowa   with   a   view    to   introduce  the 
paper.     Some  four  years   later,  -Jan.   15,  1857,  he 
became   one   of  its   proprietors  in  association  with 
Rev.    Leroy   Church.       The    changes   which    have 
since  taken  place  in  the  proprietorship  of  the  paper 
are  noted  elsewhere.     It   must  suffice  to  say  here 
that  to  the  careful  and  wise  business  management 
of  Mr.  Goodman  the  Standard  is  greatly  indebted 
for  its  financial  success,  especially  in  surviving  the 
disasters  and  business  reverses  which  have  visited 
the  city  where  it  is  published,  and  to  his  excellent 
taste  for  the  neat  and  orderly  style  in  which  from 
week  to  week  it  is  made  to  appear.     Since  Ic863, 
Mr.  Goodman  has  served  as  treasurer  of  the  Baptist 
Theological  Union,  having  the  seminary  under  its 
care.     In  this  office  he  has  performed  a  vast  amount 
of  valuable  though  uncompensated  service,  the  ac 
counts  of  the  seminary  being  invariably  found  in  the 
best  condition,  and  much  complication  and  difficulty 
thereby  saved.     In   1854  he  became  a  member  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  and  eight  years  later,  in 
181)2,  was  elected  a  deacon,  an  office  which  he  still 
holds. 

Goodman,  Thomas,  father  of  Edward  Goodman, 
Esq.,  of  the  Standard,  died  at  Chicago,  in  his  son's 
family,  Oct.  15,  1872,  at  the  age  of  eighty-three 
years,  during  sixty  of  which  he  had  been  a  consistent 
Christian  and  a  useful  member  of  Christ's  church. 
He  was  born  at  Clipstone,  England,  Jan.  16,  17<89. 
He  was  in  his  earlier  life  intimately  acquainted 
with  Andrew  Fuller,  Robert  Hall,  and  William 
Carey.  During  twenty-five  years  he  served  as 
deacon  of  the  church  in  Clipstone,  and  to  the  end 
of  his  life  delighted  in  nothing  so  much  as  in  what 
concerned  the  progress  of  Christ's  cause. 

Goodspeed,  Edgar  Johnson,  D.D.,  was  born  at 
Johnsburg,  Warren  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1833.  He  was 
the  son 'of  parents  who,  during  a  long  life,  have 
been  examples  of  intelligent  and  earnest  piety,  and 


of  fidelity  to  Baptist  truth.  The  son  of  whom  we 
now  speak,  one  of  four,  all  of  whom  are  filling 
positions  of  usefulness,  was  converted  early  in  life, 
and  verv  soon  after  was  led  to  consider  the  subject 
of  personal  duty  with  reference  to  the  Christian 
ministry.  He  was  encouraged  to  the  necessary 
self-surrender  bv  his  mother.  Entering  the  Uni 
versity  of  Rochester  at  the  opening  of  that  institu 
tion,  in  184'.),  he  graduated  in  1853,  winning  during 
his  course  the  character  of  one  of  the  best  scholars 
and  most  promising  intellects  then  in  the  univer 
sity.  Entering  the  theological  seminary  at  Roches 
ter  immediately,  he  graduated  in  1850. 

Dr.  Gqodspecd's  first  pastorate  was  at  Pough- 
keepsic,  X.  Y.. — a  successful  one  of  two  years. 
He  was  then  called  to  -Janesville,  Wis.,  to  the  pas 
torate  which  Dr.  Galusha  Anderson  had  just  left. 
There  he  remained  seven  years.— seven  faithful 
years.  In  1805  he  was  called  to  the  Second  Baptist 
church,  Chicago.  There  he  began  a  pastorate  of 
eleven  years'  duration,  which  may  justly  be  called 
a  remarkable  one.  While  gifted  with  unusual  pul 
pit  attractiveness,  Mr.  Goodspeed  showed  himself 
peculiarly  suited  to  pastoral  work  in  a  large  city. 
lie  was  also  fortunate  in  the  supporters  and  co- 
workers  whom  he  found  in  his  church.  The  num 
ber  had  grown  to  some  1200  at  the  conclusion  of 
his  pastorate,  while  in  every  department  of  Chris 
tian  enterprise  the  church  had  made  its  mark  in  an 
unusual  degree.  Dr.  Goodspeed' s  health  failing,  he 
resigned  his  charge  in  1870,  and  after  one  year  of 
rest  accepted,  in  1877,  the  pastorate  of  the  Central 
church,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  There  he  remained  until 
1879,  when  he  was  tendered  by  the  Home  Mission 
Society  the  position  of  president  of  Benedict  Insti 
tute,  at  Columbia.  S.  C.  This  place  he  still  holds. 
his  fine  culture,  teaching  ability,  and  genial  spirit 
eminently  adapting  him  for  it. 

Dr.  Goodspeed  has  written  "  The  Life  of  -Jesus 
for  Young  People,"  and  various  other  works,  the 
sale  of  which  has  been  very  large.  The  University 
of  Rochester  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Goodspeed,    Rev.    Thomas    Wakefield,    a 

younger  brother  of  Dr.  Goodspeed,  was  born  at 
Glen's  Falls,  N.  Y.,  in  1843.  His  early  conversion, 
like  that  of  his  brother,  illustrated  the  certainty 
with  which  pious  parents  may  look  for  the  prompt 
fruitage  of  the  seed  of  Christian  family  influence 
and  training.  Deciding  to  prepare  for  the  min 
istry,  he  studied  first  at  the  University  of  Chicago, 
graduating,  however,  at  Rochester  in  1863,  and  at 
the  seminary  there  in  1866.  His  first  ministerial 
service  was  with  the  North  Baptist  church,  Chicago, 
to  which  he  was  called  while  still  a  seminary  stu 
dent  at  Rochester.  In  1866,  however,  he  accepted 
the  call  of  the  Vermont  Street  Baptist  church, 
Quincy,  111.,  an  admirable  church,  between  whom 


GOOD   WORKX 


459 


GORDOX 


and  its  young  pastor  there  grew  up  a  deep  and 
strong  mutual  attachment  ;  so  that  when,  in  1872, 
after  an  unusually  successful  service  of  six  years, 
he  felt  it  his  duty  to  accept  the  call  of  the  Second 
dmrch  in  Chicago  to  become  associate  pastor  with 
his  brother,  whose  health  had  begun  to  fail,  the  sun 
dering  of  the  tie  was  an  occasion  of  great  mutual 
sin-row.  Coming  to  Chicago  at  the  date  last  named, 
Mr.  Goodspeed  continued  in  joint  service  with  his 
-Si-other  until  1876,  when  the  latter  finding  a  change 
of  residence  and  labor  imperative,  both  pastors 
resigned.  The  secretaryship  of  the  Baptist  Theo- 
'ogical  Union,  having  in  charge  the  Theological 
-Seminary  at  Chicago,  being  now  vacant,  Mr.  Good- 
speed  was  called  to  this  post,  which  he  continues 'to 
hold;  in  1879,  that  of  financial  secretary  and  treas 
urer  of  the  Northwestern  Baptist  Education  So 
ciety  being  associated  with  it.  During  Mr.  Good- 
speed's  financial  administration  important  progress 
has  been  made  in  placing  the  seminary  upon  a  more 
secure  financial  basis,  the  removal  to  Morgan  Fork 
having  materially  contributed  to  that  end. 

Good  Works. — In  the  Catholic  Church  some  of 
the  saints,  it  is  supposed,  performed  more  acts  of 
obedience  and  charity  than  God  demanded  ;  these, 
for  that  reason,  were  called  works  of  supererogation, 
mid  it  was  imagined  that  the  grand  aggregate  of  such 
good  works  constituted  a  treasury  of  merits,  which 
the  popes,  as  heads  of  the  church,  could  transfer  by 
indulgences  to  those  whose  guilty  lives  created  a 
demand  for  them.  Among  Mohammedans,  it  is 
taught  that  on  the  day  of  judgment  the  good  works 
of  a  true  believer  will  be  placed  in  one  scale  and 
his  sins  in  another,  and  if  the  former  outweigh  the 
Jatter  the  man  will  be  saved.  Among  the  Burmese, 
the  chief  business  of  a  pious  man  is  to  acquire 
merit:  for  this  object  he  gives  alms,  attends  to  re 
ligious  duties,  and  subjects  himself  to  much  self- 
denial. 

Without  reference  to  motives,  almsgiving,  pa 
triotism,  patience,  kindness  to  the  sick,  and  the 
worship  of  Cod  seem  good  works;  but  to  be  sure 
of  their  real  character  we  must  know  that  they 
come  from  worthy  motives.  There  can  be  no 
doubt  about  the  excellency  of  the  works  that  spring 
from  affection  to  Jesus;  he  says,  "If  ye  love  me 
keep  my  commandments."  If,  because  we  cherish 
him  in  our  hearts,  we  hearken  to  his  teachings, 
obey  his  precepts,  and  bear  the  fruits  of  "  love, 
joy,  peace,  long-suffering,  gentleness,  goodness, 
faith,  meekness,  temperance,"  then  are  we  led  by 
the  Spirit  of  God.  The  Christian's  controlling 
motive  should  ever  be  supreme  love  to  the  Lord 
Jesus.  This  will  give  the  royal  stamp  of  divine 
approbation  to  his  works. 

Good  works  are  necessary  to  prove  the  new  birth 
of  a  believer,  and  his  freedom  from  the  dominion 
of  iniquity.  "Every  branch  in  me  that  beareth 


not  fruit,"  says  Jesus,  "lie  taketh  away,  arid  every 
branch  that  beareth  fruit  he  purgeth  it,  that  it  may 
bring  forth  more  fruit.''  The  heavenly  husband 
man,  when  he  saw  that  the  barren  fig-tree  in  his 
vineyard  was  fruitless  for  the  third  year,  said,  ••  Cut 
it  down,  why  cumbereth  it  the  ground?" 

The  good  works  of  a  Christian  have  no  part  in 
his  justification,  "  Therefore,  we  conclude,"  says 
Paul,  "that  a  man  is  justified  by  faith  without  the 
deeds  of  the  law."  This  inspired  conclusion  of  the 
great  apostle  is  infallible.  "  It  is  not  by  works  of 
righteousness  which  we  have  done,  but  according 
to  his  mercy  He  saves  us."  The  sufferings  of  Jesus 
are  the  Christian's  justification. —his  complete  sal 
vation.  There  can  be  no  works  of  supererogation, — 
works  beyond  what  God  demands;  where  much  is 
given  much  will  be  required  :  Jesus  claims  the  love 
of  our  whole  heart,  and  soul,  and  strength,  and 
mind.  We  ought  to  be  living  sacrifices,  lying  every 
moment  upon  his  altar,  and  wholly  consecrated  to 
him.  We  owe  him  this,  and  no  work  or  woe  of 
ours  can  ever  exceed  his  constant  claims. 

Goodyear,  C.  B.— In  the  death  of  Mr.  Goodyear, 
at  Chicago,  in  1875.  the  Baptist  Theological  Semi 
nary  in  that  city  lost  one  of  its  most  devoted  and 
generous  supporters.  He  had  been  for  several 
years  a  resident  of  Chicago,  and  as  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Trade  had  pursued  a  successful  busi 
ness  career.  In  the  Second  church,  where  he  held 
his  membership,  he  was  known  as  a  man  who  re 
garded  his  gains  in  business  as  lent  to  him  from 
the  Lord  for  the  uses  of  his  cause.  The  annual 
report  of  the  seminary  for  1S7")  says  of  him,  in  his 
relations  with  that  institution,  "  In  providing  for 
its  endowment,  in  the  erection  of  its  buildings,  in 
meeting  its  necessities,  no  one  showed  a  more 
earnest  zeal  or  ardent  devotion  than  Mr.  Good 
year."  He  was  for  some  years  president  of  the 
Theological  Union,  having  the  seminary  under  its 
care,  and  at  his  death  was  a  member  of  the  board 
of  trustees. 

Gordon,  Adoniram  Judson,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Xew  Hampton,  N.  II.,  and  graduated  at  Brown 
University  in  the  class  of  i860.  He  took  the  full 
course  of  theology  at  the  Newton  Theological  In 
stitution,  and  graduated  in  the  class  of  1863.  He 
was  ordained  June  29,  1863,  and  became  pastor  of 
the  church  at  Jamaica  Plains,  near  Boston,  Mass., 
where  he  remained  six  years,  and  then  removed  to 
Boston,  where,  since  1869,  he  has  been  the  pastor 
of  the  Clarendon  Street  church,  formerly  Howe 
Street,  being  the  immediate  successor  of  Ilev.  Dr. 
Baron  Stow.  Dr.  Gordon  was  one  of  the  compilers 
of  the  "  Service  of  Song."  He  is  also  the  author 
of  one  or  two  books  of  a  devotional  character,  which 
have  been  favorably  received  by  the  religious 
public. 

Dr.  Gordon  is  a  trustee  of  Brown  University,  and 


GO  III)  OX 


460 


GOTCH 


received  from  tliat  institution,  in  1S77,  the  honorary 
decree  of  I>oi'tor  of  Divinity. 

Though  a  comparatively  young  man.  Dr.  Gordon 
exerts  a  wide  influence  in  Boston,  and  his  name  is 
favorably  and  deservedly  known  throughout  the 
denomination  in  this  country. 

Gordon,  Rev.  Charles  M.,  president  of  Merid 
ian  Female  College.,  Miss.,  is  a  native  of  Missis 
sippi,  where  he  was  born  in  1839  ;  educated  at 
Mississippi  College;  began  to  preach  in  I860;  was 
chaplain  of  36th  Miss.  Regiment  in  the  (Jon federate 
army.  After  filling  several  important  pastorates, 
and  among  them  one  at  Natchez,  Miss.,  lie  was 
called  to  Meridian  in  1875.  In  connection  with  his 
pastorate  he  took  charge  of  the  female  college,  but 
at  the  end  of  two  years  gave  up  the  church,  and  has 
since  devoted  himself  to  the  college,  preaching  oc 
casionally  in  the  surrounding  country. 

Gorman,  Rev.  Samuel,  is  u  native  of  Magnolia, 
Stark  Co.,  0.,  where  he  was  born   in   1810.     lie 
passed  his  early  youth  in  and  near  the  place  of  his 
birth.     He  was  converted  when  quite  young,  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  Church.     Educated  at  Deni- 
son  University  (Granville  College),  Ohio,  and  at  the 
Baptist  Theological   Institute,  at  Covington,  Ivy.; 
ordained  at  Keen.  Coshocton  Co..  0.,  in  1842,  where 
he  began  his  ministry.    He  was  subsequently  pastor 
at  Jefferson,  Urbana,  Muddy  Creek,  and  Dayton, 
O.    At  each  of  these  places  he  built  meeting-houses, 
and  at  Urbana  and  Dayton  gathered  and  organized 
churches.     In  June,  1852,  he  was  commissioned  by 
the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  to  take 
char-re  of  the  home  mission  work  of  that  society 
in   New  Mexico,     lie  established  missions  at  La 
mina,  both  among  the  Indians  and  the  Spaniard-. 
Here  he  erected   two  chapels   and  a  building  for 
school    purposes,    and    continued    his    missionary 
labors   nearly  seven  years.     At  the  end  of  which 
he  took  charge  of  the  mission  at  Santa  Fe,   the 
capital    of  the    Territory,    leaving    the    gathered 
churches  and  mission  work  at  Laguna  in  the  care 
of  native  helpers,  whom  he  had  prepared  for  the 
work.     At  Santa  Fe  he  preached  to  English-speak 
ing  congregations  in  the  morning,  and  to  Indians 
or  Spaniards  in   the   afternoon.     Mr.  Gorman   re 
mained  here  until   1861,  when,  upon  the  outbreak 
of  the   late  war.   the  country  was    taken    posses 
sion   of  by  Confederate    troops,   and    the  mission 
broken  up.     The  time  given  to  this  mission  laboi 
was  ten  years.    Upon  his  return  home  he  settled  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Canton,  O.,  the  seat 
of  his   native   county.     He   remained    here    seven 
years,  adding  a  large  number  to  the  membershij 
of  the  church,    and   securing  §17,000  to  build   : 
meeting-house.      He  labored  one  year  in  the  ser 
vice  of  Denison  University,  in  raising  its   endow 
inent,  and  then  came  to  Wisconsin.     He  has  ha 
pastorates  at  Sparta  more  than  four  years,  Monrc 


one  year,  Columbus  four  years,  and  Mansion,  his 
present  home  and  field  of  labor,  one  year.  He  has 
teen  a  laborious  minister  of  the  gospel,  and  has 
laintained  throughout  his  long  ministry  of  forty 
ars  a  reputation  unspotted  and  a  life  full  of  good 
vorks.  At  the  age  of  sixty-four  years  he  is  in  the 
ctive  work  of  the  ministry,  and  held  in  high  es- 
eem  by  his  brethren. 

Gosnold,  ReV.  John,  was  born  in  England  in 
625.  He  received  his  education  in  the  University 
if  Cambridge,  and  became  a  clergyman  of  the 
Established  Church.  In  the  time  of  the  Parlia- 
nentary  wars  he  made  the  Bible  his  only  guide  to 
ruth,  and  consequently  he  became  a  Baptist.  He 
Was  chosen  pastor  of  a  church  at  Barbican,  in  Lon- 
lon,  where  he  soon  had  a  congregation  of  nearly 
WOO,  many  of  whom  were  persons  of  large  means, 
ind  frequently  seven  or  eight  of  them  were  Epis- 
•opal  cler-rymen.  He  was  a  man  of  ability,  learn- 
n-r,  and  piety;  he  was  honored  by  the  friendship 
>f  many  distinguished  persons,  especially  by  that 
of  Tillotson,  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  lie  was 
compelled  to  hide  in  times  of  persecution  to  escape 
the  hands  of  Christ's  enemies.  He  baptized  the 
celebrated  Israelite,  Du  Veil,  who  joined  the  Bap 
tists  from  the  Episcopal  ministry.  Mr.  Gosnold 
belonged  to  the  General  Baptists,  but  he  associated 
much  with  the  Particular  denomination.  He  was 
beloved  by  all  good  men,  and  he  regarded  with  af 
fectionate  interest  every  child  of  Jesus.  He  was 
the  author  of  two  works. 

Gotch,  F.  W.,  LL.D.,  president  of  Bristol 
Baptist  College,  England,  was  born  at  Kettering. 
Northamptonshire,  in  1808.  After  the  usual 
course  of  study  for  the  ministry  at  Bristol  College, 
he  proceeded  to  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  in  1832, 
and  graduated  M.A.  His  first  charge  was  Box- 
moor,  Hertfordshire,  where  he  remained  several 
years.  He  then  became  lecturer  in  philosophy  at 
Stepney  College,  London,  and  in  1846  accepted  a 
professorship  at  Bristol  as  colleague  of  the  Rev. 
Thos.  S.  Crisp.  On  the  failure  of  Mr.  Crisp's 
health,  in  1861,  he  took  charge  of  the  institution, 
and  some  years  later  was  elected  president.  Dr. 
Gotch's  eminent  scholarship  was  recognized  by 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  in  1859,  when  he  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  He  was  also  elected  examiner 
in  Hebrew  and  New  Testament  Greek  for  several 
years  successively  by  the  faculty  of  the  London 
University.  When  the  Convocation  of  the  Church 
of  England  resolved  to  invite  the  co-operation  of 
learned  men  of  various  denominations  in  the  re 
vision  of  the  authorized  version  of  the  Bible,  Dr. 
Gotch  was  selected  as  a  prominent  representative 
of  the  learning  and  scholarship  of  the  Baptists. 
In  this  important  work  he  has  labored  from  the 
beginning  with  enthusiastic  devotion,  and  his  rare 
gifts  and~acquirements  have  won  universal  respect. 


GOUCHER 


461 


GOULD 


He  received  the  highest  honor  in  the  gift  of  his 
brethren  by  Ins  election  to  the  chair  of  the  Baptist 
Union  in  1S68. 

Goucher,  Rev.  John  E.,  was  born  at  Malvern 
Square,  Annapolis  Co.,  Nova  Scotia ;  studied  at 
Acadia  College;  ordained  at  Upper  Gagetown, 
New  Brunswick  ;  and  he  lias  been  pastor  of  the 
Port  Mod  way  and  the  North  church,  Halifax,  lie 
is  now  pastor  at  Truro,  Nova  Scotia.  Mr.  Goucher' s 
ministry  is  devotedly  earnest  and  useful. 

Gould,  A.  A.,  M.D.,  was  born  at  New  Ipswich, 
N.  II.,  in  1805,  and  received  his  collegiate  educa 
tion  at  Harvard  University,  where  he  graduated  in 
the  class  of  1825.  He  also  graduated  from  the 
medical  school  of  Harvard,  the  degree  of  M.D. 
having  been  conferred  on  him  in  1830.  Hedevoted 
a  life  of  more  than  thirty  years  to  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  and  stood  high  among  the  best  phy 
sicians  of  Boston.  lie  won  also  an  enduring  repu 
tation  as  a  laborer  in  different  fields  of  natural 
.science.  We  are  told  that  when  "  Sir  Charles 
Lyell  visited  this  country  in  order  to  pursue  his 
celebrated  geological  investigations,  as  soon  as  he 
touched  the  shore  the  first  man  from  whom  he 
sought  aid  as  an  '  expert'  and  co-worker  was  Dr. 
Gould,  whose  contributions  to  natural  history,  and 
at  that  time  especially  to  conchology,  furnished  the 
light  that  was  needed  to  mark  out  the  programme 
of  the  explorer.  From  the  years  of  his  student  life 
to  the  day  of  his  departure  his  industry  was  inces 
sant,  sustained  with  manly  vigor  and  scholarly 
enthusiasm."  For  a  series  of  years  he  was  vice- 
president  of  the  Natural  History  Society,  a  mem 
ber  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts,  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society,  and  of  other  kin 
dred  bodies.  At  the  time  of  his  deatli  he  filled 
cue  of  the  most  honorable  positions  which  a  Mas 
sachusetts  physician  can  occupy,  that  of  president 
of  the  Massachusetts  Medical  Society. 

Dr.  Gould  was  a  faithful  and  consistent  member 
of  tin;  Kowe  Street  Baptist  church,  in  Boston, 
during  all  his  professional  career.  His  death  oc 
curred  Sept.  15,  1866. 

Gould,  Prof.  Ezra  Palmer,  was  bom  in  Boston, 

Mass.,  Feb.  27,  1841.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
University  in  the  class  of  1861,  and  at  the  Newton 
Theological  Institution  in  the  class  of  1868.  He 
was  ordained  in  September,  1868.  For  three  years 
he  was  assistant  professor  of  Biblical  Literature 
and  Interpretation  at  Newton,  and  has  been  Pro 
fessor  of  Biblical  Literature  and  Interpretation 
(New  Testament)  since  1871.  Prof.  Gould  has 
prepared  articles  for  reviews  on  subjects  pertaining 
to  his  department  of  study,  and  has  been  a  frequent 
contributor  to  the  columns  of  the  weekly  religious 
press. 

Gould,  Thomas,  was  famous  in  the  annals  of 
the  early  Baptists  in  Eastern  Massachusetts  for 


the  persecutions  he  endured  on  account  of  his 
sentiments.  He,  like  thousands  in  our  own  day 
not  connected  with  Baptist  churches,  questioned 
the  divine  authority  of  infant  baptism.  Cotton 
Mather  speaks  of  a  "  multitude  of  holy,  watchful, 
faithful,  and  heavenly  people  among  the  first  set 
tlers  of  New  England,  who  had  scruples  as  to  in 
fant  baptism."  Mr.  Gould  was  a  man  of  very 
modest  pretensions,  a  private  member  of  a  small 
country  church,  who  declined  to  present  his  new 
born  child  at  the  baptismal  font,  for  which  a  cru 
sade  was  opened  against  him  by  the  whole  Pedo- 
baptist  community,  which  in  the  end  enlisted  all 
the  logic,  the  stratagems,  and  bigotry  of  the  entire 
body  of  the  clergy,  and  brought  a  long  train  of 
legal  enactments  from  the  secular  powers. 

Mr.  Gould  was  a  member  of  the  Congregational 
church  in  Charlestown  under  the  pastoral  care  of 
Rev.  3Ir.  Sims,  and  this  is  his  story:  "  On  a  first 
day,  in  the  afternoon,  one  told  me  I  must  stop,  for 
the  church  would  speak  with  me.  They  called  me 
out,  and  Master  Sims  told  the  church  that  this 
brother  did  withhold  his  child  from  baptism,  and 
that  they  had  sent  to  him  to  come  down  on  such  a 
day  to  speak  with  them,  and  if  he  could  not  come  on 
that  day  to  set  a  day  when  he  would  be  at  home  ; 
but  he,  refusing  to  come,  would  appoint  no  time  : 
when  we  writ  to  him  to  take  his  own  time  and  send 
us  word."  I  replied  that  "  there  was  no  such  word 
in  the  letter,  for  me  to  appoint  the  day;  but  what 
time  of  that  day  I  should  come."  "Master"  Sims 
told  him  he  lied,  but  on  reading  the  letter  sent  to 
him,  it  was  found,  somewhat  to  the  confusion  of 
''  Master"  Sims,  that  he  was  right.  "They  called 
me  forth  to  know  why  I  would  not  bring  my  child 
to  baptism  ?  My  answer  was,  I  did  not  see  any 
rule  of  Christ  for  it.  for  that  ordinance  belongs  to 
such  as  can  make  profession  of  their  faith,  as  the 
Scripture  doth  plainly  hold  forth."  No  better  an 
swer  could  be  given  by  the  most  learned  divine. 
A  meeting  was  appointed  to  be  held  the  next  week 
at  "  Mr.  Russell's"  to  take  further  action  on  the 
matter.  There  seems  to  have  been  a  four  or  five 
hours'  hot  discussion,  when,  as  Mr.  Gould  tells  us, 
"  one  of  the  company  stood  up  and  said.  '  I  will 
give  you  one  plain  place  of  Scripture  where  chil 
dren  were  baptized.'  I  told  him  that  would  put  an 
end  to  the  controversy.  ;  That  place  is  in  the  2d 
of  Acts,  39th  and  40th  verses.'  After  he  had  read 
the  Scripture,  Mr.  Sims  told  me  that  promise  be 
longed  to  infants,  for  the  Scripture  saith.  '  The 
promise  is  to  you,  and  your  children,  and  to  all 
that  are  afar  off,'  and  he  said  no  more;  to  it  I  re 
plied,  'Even  as  many  as  the  Lord  our  God  shall 
call.'  Mr.  Sims  replied  that  I  spoke  blasphemously 
in  adding  to  the  Scriptures.  I  said,  '  Pray  do  not 
condemn  me,  for  if  I  am  deceived  my  eyes  deceive 
me.'  He  replied  again  I  added  to  the  Scripture, 


402 


•which  was  blasphemy.  I  looked  into  my  Bible, 
read  the  words  attain,  and  said  it  was  so.  lie  re 
plied  the  same  words  the  third  time  before  the 
church.  Mr.  Russell  stood  up  and  told  him  it  was 
so  as  I  had  read  it.  '  Ay,  it  may  be  so  in  your 
Bible,'  saith  Mr.  Sims.  Mr.  Russell  answered,  '  Yea, 
in  yours,  too,  if  you  will  look  into  it.'  Then  he 
said  he  was  mistaken,  for  he  thought  on  another 
place  ;  so  after  many  words  we  broke  up  for  that 
time." 

For  seven  years  this  sort  of  controversy  was  kept 
up.  All  the  powers  of  church  and  state  seem  to 
have  been  thrown  into  commotion  because  the  child 
of  a  modest  yet  conscientious  member  of  the  church 
was  not  brought  to  the  baptismal  font.  The  very 
existence  of  the  churches  of  the  "standing  order," 
it  was  believed,  was  imperiled  by  such  wanton 
neglect.  Well  did  Mr.  Gould  write,  "If  eight  or 
nine  poor  Anabaptists,  as  they  call  them,  should  be 
the  destruction  of  their  churches,  their  foundation 
must  be  sandy  indeed."  Out  of  this  persecution 
sprang  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Boston.  Its 
members  for  years  endured  obloquy  and  shame. 
They  were  fined,  and  some  of  them  sentenced  to 
be  banished,  and  because  they  would  not  go  into 
exile  they  were  imprisoned  more  than  a  year.  It 
was  in  vain  that  some  of  the  first  men  of  the  col 
ony,  like  Gov.  Leverett,  Lieut. -Gov.  Willoughby, 
and  others  opposed  these  persecuting  measures. 
The  English  Dissenters  at  home  protested  against 
this  harsh  dealing  as  opposed  to  the  very  funda 
mental  principles  of  religious  toleration.  But  their 
protests  availed  nothing  with  the  Boston  Puritans. 
The  sufferings  of  the  martyrs  of  religious  liberty 
continued  for  many  years.  Mr.  Gould  died  in  Oc 
tober,  1675.  He  had  not  lived  and  suffered  in  vain. 
The  principles  which  he  held,  and  for  holding 
which  he  endured  so  much,  are  everywhere  ac 
cepted,  and  the  revolution  which  he  started  has 
secured  wonderful  victories  for  the  cause  of  re 
ligious  freedom  not  only  in  the  old  Bay  State,  but 
over  the  whole  country. 

Gove,  Elijah,  was  born  in  Charleston,  Mont 
gomery  Co.,  N.  Y'.,  in  May,  1802.  His  father,  who 
was  a  farmer,  having  become  helpless  through  pa 
ralysis,  important  responsibilities  devolved  upon  the 
son  while  yet  very  young.  A  mortgage  upon  the 
farm,  large  for  that  time,  he  paid  off  before  became 
of  age.  Leaving  home  without  a  trade  or  profes 
sion,  we  find  him  in  a  short  time  proprietor  and 
captain  of  a  boat  on  the  Erie  Canal.  "  On  a  trip 
from  Albany  to  Rochester  in  1824.  he  had  a  lady 
passenger  who,  two  years  later,  became  his  wife." 
Soon  after  his  marriage  lie  removed  to  Ohio.  Not 
yet  having  become  a  Christian,  and  ambitious  to 
acquire  a  fortune,  he  became  a  distiller,  engaging 
in  this  business  at  Mendosia,  111.,  where  at  the  end 
of  seven  years  he  had  accumulated  some  thirty  or 


forty  thousand  dollars.  At  the  earnest  solicitation 
of  his  wife  he  gave  up  this  business,  and  in  1847 
removed  to  Quincy.  There,  at  the  age  of  forty- 
seven,  he  became  a  Christian,  uniting  with  the 


ETJJ.UI  GOVF.. 

Baptist  church.  lie  was  one  of  those  to  whom  the 
beautiful  city  which  now  became  his  home  was 
most  indebted  for  its  early  and  rapid  growth,  and 
for  the  solid  basis  upon  which  its  prosperity  was 
made  to  rest.  He  became  also  greatly  interested  in 
church  building,  and  gave  large  amounts  towards 
enterprises  of  this  kind  in  different  Western  States. 
Mr.  Gove's  membership  was  at  first  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Quincy.  In  1856  he  went  with 
others  to  constitute  the  Vermont  Street  Baptist 
church  in  that  city,  and  was  one  of  the  few  who 
erected  its  handsome  house  of  worship.  lie  re 
mained  a  member  here  until  his  death,  in  1874. 
Between  the  years  1856  and  1874  he  gave  about 
§18,000  to  this  church  and  its  pastors.  His  gifts 
otherwise  were  very  large.  The  first  of  all  his  many- 
donations  to  various  causes  was  made  to  Shurtleff 
College,  while  still  living  at  Mendosia,  To  this  insti 
tution,  between  the  years  1849  and  1873,  his  gifts 
aggregated  $59,285;  including  the  legacy  in  his 
will,  the  whole  amount  given  was  about  $75,000. 
In  the  twenty-five  years  from  his  conversion  till 
his  death,  the  sum  of  his  gifts  to  various  special 
objects  was  not  far  from  $110,000,  all  in  money. 
It  has  been  said  of  him  that  "he  gave  more  for 
the  cause  of  Christian  education  than  any  other 
Baptist  the  West  ever  had."  In  this  spirit  of  large 
benevolence  his  wife  fully  sympathized.  She  still 


GOW 


463 


GRAFT ON 


lives    in    Quincy,    a    noble,    generous,    Christian 
woman. 

GOW,  Rev.  George  B.,  was  born  in  Waterville, 
Me.,  and  graduated  at  the  college  in  that  place  in 
1852.  He  went  through  the  Newton  course  of 
theological  study,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1858. 
lie  was  ordained  September,  1858,  and  was  the 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Ayer,  Mass.,  three  years. 
He  then  became  principal  of  the  New  London  In 
stitution,  holding  the  position  for  three  years,  when 
he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in 
Gloucester,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  three  years. 
His  next  call  came  in  1867,  from  Worcester,  Mass., 
where  he  continued  for  five  years.  Then  he  ac 
cepted  an  appointment  as  agent  to  raise  a  larger 
endowment  for  the  Worcester  Academy.  In  1874 
he  became  pastor  of  the  church  in  Millbury,  Mass., 
which  relation  he  now  sustains  to  the  church. 

Grace,  Rev.  William  C.,  was  born  in  Tippah 
Co.,  Miss.,  Jan.  !'.»,  1844.  He  professed  religion  in 
the  summer  of  1857.  In  the  month  of  September, 
1865,  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the 
Pleasant  Hill  Baptist  church.  Miss.  He  subse 
quently  united  with  the  Flat  Rock  church,  where 
he  was  licensed  to  preach  the  gospel. 

He  spent  the  next  three  years  of  his  life  as  prin 
cipal  of  Yorkville  Academy.  He  was  ordained  by 
the  Bethel  church,  Gibson  Co.,  Tenn.,  Revs.  M. 
Ilillsmau  anil  R.  A.  Coleman  constituting  the 
Presbytery.  In  1871  he  was  pastor  of  Spring 
Hill  and  Newbern  churches.  In  1875  he  took 
charge  of  Ilumboldt  and  Pleasant  Plains  churches  ; 
having  served  the  previous  year  with  great  success 
as  financial  secretary  of  the  Executive  Board  of  the 
West  Tennessee  Baptist  Convention. 

He  is  now  pastor  of  the  church  at  Sweet  Water, 
East  Tenn..  one  of  the  most  important  points  in 
the  State.  He  is  a  devoted  Christian  and  a  good 
preacher.  May  he  long  live  to  honor  the  Master ! 

Grafton,  Rev.  B.  C.,  was  born  in  Newport,  R.  I., 
Sept.  28,  1785.  From  the  time  of  his  hopeful  con 
version  to  the  close  of  his  life  he  was  a  cheerful, 
earnest  Christian.  Having  formed  an  intimate  ac 
quaintance  with  Rev.  Dr.  Gano,  of  Providence, 
when  he  was  not  far  from  eighteen  years  of  age, 
and  engaged  in  active  business  in  that  city,  he 
was  wont  to  accompany  that  good  man  in  his  mis 
sionary  tours,  assisting  him  as  occasion  was  given 
by  offering  prayer  or  speaking  a  word  of  exhorta 
tion  to  the  people.  By  degrees  he  came  to  feel  that 
perhaps  he  could  serve  his  Master  in  the  work  of 
the  Christian  ministry.  He  studied  for  a  time  with 
Rev.  Dr.  Chapin,  in  Danvers,  Mass.,  and  subse 
quently  with  Rev.  Dr.  Benedict,  in  Pawtucket. 
R.  I.,  and  was  ordained  in  Providence  in  August, 
1818.  He  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  church 
in  West  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  remained  in  this 
place  for  four  years  and  a  half,  when  he  removed 


to  Plymouth.  Mass.,  and  was  pastor  of  the  church 
in  this  old  Pilgrim  town  for  six  and  a  half  years. 
His  next  settlements  were  Leeport,  Taunton, 
Mass.,  Wichford,  R.  I.,  Rowley,  Mass.,  Stonington, 
Conn.,  Somerset  and  Medford,  Mass,  lie  spent  the 
closing  years  of  his  life  in  Cambridgeport,  Mass., 
where  he  died  Jan.  12,  1858,  in  the  seventy-third 
year  of  his  age.  Mr.  Grafton  was  a  useful,  happy 
Christian  minister,  and  formed  many  warm  friend 
ships  in  the  places  where  he  labored. 

Grafton,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Newport. 
R.  I.,  June  9,  1757.  His  father,  who  had  followed 
the  seas  for  several  years,  on  giving  up  the  command 
of  a  vessel,  removed  to  Providence  and  engaged 
in  the  business  of  sail-making,  and  at  the  age  of 
fourteen  Joseph  began  his  apprenticeship  with  his 
father.  Becoming  a  Christian,  he  united  with  the 
Congregational  church  in  Providence,  although  no 
thing  would  satisfy  him  as  baptism  but  immer 
sion.  Subsequently  he  became  impressed  with  a 
conviction  that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel. 
He  was  led  through  a  severe  discipline  of  sorrow 
before  he  finally  yielded  to  the  pressure  of  the  duty 
which  was  laid  on  him.  In  the  year  1787,  finding 
his  views  were  in  harmony  with  those  of  the  Bap 
tists,  he  connected  himself  with  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Providence.  Having  received  a  call  from 
the  Baptist  church  in  Newton,  Mass.,  he  was  or 
dained  as  pastor  of  that  church  June  18,  1788,  and 
continued  to  sustain  the  relation  for  almost  fifty 
years.  His  labors  were  abundantly  blessed,  several 
revivals  occurring  during  his  ministry.  Five  hun 
dred  and  fifty-four  persons  were  received  into  the 
church  during  his  connection  with  it. 

Mr.  Grafton  was  one  of  the  best-known  and 
honored  ministers  of  his  denomination  in  all  the 
region  where  he  labored  so  long  as  a  servant  of 
Christ.  He  was  full  of  wit.  To  this  day  many 
anecdotes  are  related  of  him,  showing  what  a  vein 
of  humor  there  was  in  him.  Prof.  Gammell,  recall 
ing  the  scenes  of  his  own  early  childhood,  when  his 
father  was  the  pastor  of  the  Medfield  church,  re 
marks  of  him.  in  speaking  of  the  little  circle  of  ex 
cellent  Christian  ministers  who  were  wont  to  meet 
at  the  parsonage,  "  No  single  form,  after  that  of 
my  own  father,  comes  back  to  my  memory  with  a 
distinctness  so  marked  and  life-like  as  that  of  my 
father's  venerated  friend,  Rev.  Joseph  Grafton,  of 
Newton.  He  was  next  to  Rev.  William  Williams, 
of  Wrentham,  the  oldest  of  them  all ;  but  he  was, 
without  exception,  the  sprightliest  and  wittiest  in 
his  conversation,  and  on  this  account  the  most  in 
teresting  visitor  in  the  estimation  of  the  children. 
In  dress  he  was  extremely  neat,  and  in  person 
somewhat  below  the  average  stature  ;  but  of  a  firm, 
compact  frame,  and  unusually  flexible,  easy,  and 
quick  in  all  his  movements.  His  eye  was  dark  and 
very  expressive,  and  in  its  quick  flashes,  whether 


GRAHAM 


404 


GRA  NGER 


in  the  pulpit  or  at  the  fireside,  there  beamed  forth 
a  deep,  spiritual  intelligence  and  sincerity  ;  while 
the  tones  of  his  musical  and  well-modulated  voice 
did  not  fail  to  rivet  the  attention  of  all  who  heard 
him  speak,  whether  in  public  or  in  private.''  He 
was  an  able  minister  of  other  days.  He  died  Sept. 
1C),  1830. 

Graham,  Major  W.  A.,  the  third  son  of  Ex-Cov. 
Graham,  was  born  in  Hillsborough,  X.  C.,  Dec.  20, 
1830:  attended  Chapel  Hill  for  a  term,  but  gradu 
ated  at  Princeton.  X.  -I.,  in  1859;  was  baptized  by 
Kev.  L.  Thome  in  1850  ;  entered  the  army  as  first 
lieutenant :  was  wounded  as  captain  at  Gettysburg, 
and  became  assistant  adjutant-general  of  North 
Carolina,  with  the  rank  of  major,  lie  was  in  the 
State  senate  in  1874-70-78,  receiving  every  vote 
cast,  and  came  within  one  vote  of  being  chosen 
lieutenant-governor  of  the  State.  He  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  in  1878,  and 
is  now  the  moderator  of  the  South  Fork  Associa 
tion. 

Grammar,  Rev.  G.  A.,  a  missionary  of  the 
Arkansas  Baptist  Convention,  living  at  Lonoke, 
Ark.,  was  born  in  Mississippi  in  1844  ;  ordained  in 
1807;  besides  supplying  a  number  of  country 
churches  lie  was  pastor  at  Ya/.oo  City,  and  sup 
plied  the  Vicksburg  church  during  1878.  passing 
through  the  terrible  epidemic  of  that  year,  and 
losing  most  of  his  family  by  yellow  fever:  came  to 
Arkansas  in  1880  and  engaged  in  his  present  work. 
Grand  River  College  is  located  at  Edinburgh, 
in  North  Missouri.  It  has  good  grounds  and 
buildings  and  is  out  of  debt.  Prof.  T.  II.  Storts  is 
principal  ;  181  students  were  enrolled  the  past  year. 
P.  McCullum  is  the  financial  agent.  The  school 
lias  flattering  prospects  and  an  important  position 
in  the  State. 

Granger,  Abraham  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Suf- 

lield,  Conn.,  in  1815,  and  graduated  at  Waterville 
College  in  the  class  of  183(J.  lie  took  the  full 
course  of  theological  study  at  Newton,  and  gradu 
ated  in  the  class  of  1843.  He  was  ordained  in 
November,  1843,  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  War 
ren,  Me.,  where  he  remained  until  called  to  take 
charge  of  the  Fourth  church  in  Providence,  11.  I., 
in  1854.  He  continued  in  this  relation  until  1870, 
when  he  resigned,  and  has  since  resided  in  Frank 
lin,  Mass.  Dr.  Granger  is  a  trustee  of  Brown  Uni 
versity  and  of  Colby  University.  He  received  from 
the  latter  institution  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di 
vinity  in  1804. 

Granger,  James  N.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Canan- 
daigua,  N.  Y.,  in  August,  1314.  When  he  was 
seventeen  years  of  age  he  received  the  appointment 
of  a  cadet  at  West  Point,  but  before  entering  upon 
the  studies  of  his  chosen  profession  he  became  a 
subject  of  the  renewing  grace  of  the  Holy  Spirit, 
and  a  change  in  all  his  plans  of  life  was  immedi 


ately  formed.     At  the  age  of  twenty  he  became  a 
member  of  the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological 
Institution,   and  graduated   in    1838.     He  was  or 
dained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Avon, 
N.  Y.,  in  183'J.     lie  accepted  a  call   to  the  Wash 
ington  Street  church,  Buffalo,  after  a  residence  of 
two  years  at  Avon.     His  pastorate  over  the  Buffalo 
church  was  a  short  one.     Such  was  the  reputation 
he  had   already  gained   that  in   October,  1*4:*.  the 
First  Baptist  church   in    Providence  called  him  to 
be  their  minister.     The  position  is  one,  in  some  re 
spects,   of  peculiar   difficulty,   for   the   church    has 
always   sustained  an   intimate  relation    to    Brown 
University,    and   its    minister    must    accommodate 
himself  to  very  wide  extremes  of  character.     Dr. 
Granger  was  quite  equal  to  the  demands  made  on 
him,  and  met  them  with  satisfaction  to  his  people 
as   well  as  honor   to  himself.     Ten  years  of   per 
sistent  work  were  given  to  this  important  field  of 
labor,  under  the  exhausting  toil  of  which  his  health 
became  .somewhat  broken,  and  he  decided  to  carry 
out    a    long-cherished    purpose    to   spend   several 
months  abroad,  and  there  secure  needed  relaxation 
and  recreation.     The  Board  of  the  American  Bap 
tist  Missionary  Union   had  decided  to  send  a  depu 
tation  to  the  East  to  look  after  their  various  mission 
stations,  and  they  appointed  Dr.  Granger  to  accom 
pany  Dr.  Peck,  the    foreign  secretary,  on   this  im 
portant  journey.     Eighteen  months  were  spent  in 
accomplishing   the    work  which    had    been   under 
taken,  and  they   were  months  of  severe,  unremit 
ting  toil,  passed  amid  the  heats  and  malaria  of  an 
Oriental   climate.      Dr.    Granger   returned   to   his 
church  with   the   seeds   of  disease    and   death    im 
planted  in  his  system.     He  was  not  permitted  long 
to  labor  as  the  faithful  minister  and  the  affectionate 
pastor.     The  disease  which   he  had  contracted  in 
the  East  forbade  the  hope  that  he  would  rally  from 
it.     He  lingered   for  some  months,  and  then  died 
Jan.  5,  1857. 

Dr.  Granger  was  one  of  the  ablest,  most  pure- 
minded,  and  unselfish  ministers  that  has  ever  been 
raised  up  in  the  Baptist  denomination.  He  was. 
in  the  best  sense  of  the  word,  a  wise  man.  His 
judgments  about  men  and  measures  were  generally 
proved  to  be  correct.  He  possessed,  to  a  remarkable 
degree,  the  elements  of  a  noble  Christian  character. 
It  Is  a  good  deal  to  be  able  to  declare,  as  his  most 
familiar  friend,  Dr.  Caswell,  has  said  of  his  pastor, 
"  during  a  period  of  more  than  fourteen  years  of 
intimate,  of  unreserved,  and  confidential  intercourse 
I  never  knew  him  utter  a  sentence  or  do  an  act 
which,  if  spread  before  the  world,  would  in  any 
manner  detract  from  the  purest  Christian  character. 
His  purposes  were  all  open  and  generous  and  good. 
In  the  very  nobleness  of  his  nature  he  was  inca 
pable  of  guile.  He  possessed,  in  an  eminent  degree, 
that  attribute  rarer  than  genius,  rarer  than  high 


GRAXT 


465 


GK  A  VES 


endowments  of  intellect, — an  attribute  almost  un 
known  to  the  aspirants  after  worldly  fame  and 
joy, — a  perfect  candor  and  fairness  of  mind  with 
respect  to  the  claims  of  others.'' 

It  seems  a  mystery  that  one  Avith  such  quali 
ties  of  character,  and  capable  of  doing  so  much 
good,  should  have  been  taken  away  in  the  very 
ripeness  and  maturity  of  his  powers.  Cut  off, 
however,  so  early,  Dr.  Grander  has  left  to  the  de 
nomination  he  served  so  faithfully  the  rich  legacy 
of  a  bright  example  and  a  beautiful  Christian 
character. 

Grant,  Stillman  Bailey,  D.D.,  one  of  four  sons 
of  a  Baptist  minister,  all  of  whom  became  Baptist 
preachers,  was  born  in  Bolton,  X.  Y.,  Oct.  20, 
1819;  graduated  from  Madison  University,  X.  Y.  ; 
the  next  year  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Granville,  X.  Y.,  and  remained  three 
years;  settled  in  South  Adams.  Mass.,  and  in 
Wallingford,  Conn.,  then  in  Xew  Haven,  then  in 
Xew  London,  where  he  remained  nine  years;  in 
1867  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Hartford,  where  he  remained  till  his  death,  Dec.  17, 
1874;  positive  yet  tender,  decided  yet  charitable, 
clear  in  his  views,  sound  in  the  faith  of  Christ ;  his 
labors  crowned  with  much  fruit. 

Graves,  Rev.  Absalom,  a  minister  of  Boone 
Co.,  Ky.,  distinguished  for  his  zeal,  piety,  and  great 
success,  was  born  in  Culpeper  Co.,  Va.,  Nov.  2S. 
1768.  He  received  a  liberal  education.  In  his 
twentieth  year  he  professed  religion,  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  at  the  Rapidan  meeting 
house.  In  1797  he  removed  to  Boone  Co.,  Ky..  and 
united  with  Bullittsburg  church.  He  held  some 
civil  offices,  the  duties  of  which  he  discharged 
with  wisdom  and  fidelity.  He  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1810,  ordained  in  18 12,  and  became  the 
stated  preacher  at  Bullittsburg  and  some  other 
churches,  laboring  extensively  as  an  evangelist. 
He  was  among  the  first  in  Kentucky  to  espouse  the 
cause  of  foreign  missions,  and  was  a  zealous  co- 
laborer  of  Luther  Mice  in  this  work.  lie  compiled 
a  hymn-book,  known  as  "  Graves' s  Hymns,"  that 
became  popular.  He  died  Aug.  17,  1826. 

Graves,  Alfred  C.,  D.D.,  a  great-grandson  of 
Absalom  Graves,  was  born  in  Boone  Co..  Ky.. 
Jan.  5,  183S.  He  united  with  Bullittsburg  Bap 
tist  church  in  1853.  In  1855  the  church  "encour 
aged  him  to  exercise  his  gift."  He  was  educated 
at  Georgetown  College,  and  finished  his  course  in 
theology  at  the  Western  Baptist  Theological  Semi 
nary.  Ky.,  in  i860.  He  was  ordained  to  the  min 
istry,  and  took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at 
Harrodsburg,  Ky.,  the  same  year.  In  1863  he  was 
pastor  of  Jefferson  Street  church  in  Louisville,  also 
edited  the  Western  Recorder  several  years,  and  sup 
plied  the  pulpit  of  Portland  Avenue  church.  While 
in  Louisville,  he  wrote  '•  La  Rue's  Ministry  of 


Faith,"  which  passed  through  two  editions.  In  1867 
he  took  charge  of  Stamping  Ground  church,  in  Scott 
Co..  Ky.  In  1871  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Baptist 
church  in  Manchester.  X.  II.  He  remained  there 
about  six  years.  During  this  pastorate  the  church 
built  a  house  of  worship,  at  a  cost  of  S75.0UO,  and 
received  171  members.  In  1877,  his  health  being 
impaired,  he  returned  to  his  native  State,  and  soon 
afterwards  took  charge  of  the  Baptist .  church  at 
Lebanon,  Ky.,  where  he  now  ministers. 

Graves,  Hon.  Calvin.— The  Graves  family,  of 
Caswell  County.  X.  C..  have  long  been  distinguished 
for  intelligence  and  virtue.  The  mother  of  the  sub 
ject  of  this  sketch  was  the  daughter  of  Col.  John 
A\  illiams,  who  received  his  military  appointment 
from  the  general  Congress  of  the  provinces  in  1775, 
and  afterwards  was  distinguished  for  bravery  in  the 
Revolutionary  war.  Mr.  Graves  was  prepared  for 
college  by  Rev.  Wm.  Bingham  ;  spent  but  one  year 
at  Chapel  Hill,  and  read  law  with  Judge  Thos.  Set 
tle  and  Chief  Justice  Leonard  Henderson.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827,  and  soon  entered  upon 
a  large  practice.  He  became  a  public  man  in  1835, 
having  been  elected  a  delegate  to  the  convention 
called  to  revise  the  constitution  of  the  State.  He 
was  chosen  as  a  member  of  the  House  of  Commons 
in  1S40.  and  soon  became  a  leader  of  his  party.  He 
was  Speaker  of  the  House  in  1842.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  State  senate  in  1846,  and  again  in  1848, 
when  he  gave  the  casting  vote,  as  Speaker,  in  favor 
of  the  Central  Railroad,  and  against  the  wishes  of 
his  constituents,  because  ho  thought  it  was  for  the 
good  of  the  State.  Mr.  Graves  became  a  Baptist  in 
1 N37.  and  preserved  a  consistent  Christian  character 
through  all  his  professional  and  political  career. 
He  was  twice  married,  and  died  Feb.  11,  1877,  in 
his  seventy-fourth  year. 

Graves,  Rev.  Henry  C.,  was  born  in  Deerfield, 
Mass.  He  pursued  his  academic  studies  at  Shel- 
bourne  Falls  and  East  Hampton  Academies,  and 
was  a  irraduate  of  Amherst  College  in  the  class 
of  lS5t>.  He  studied  at  Newton  two  years,  and 
was  ordained  March  9,  1858.  He  was  pastor  of 
the  Bunker  Hill  church,  in  Charlestown,  Mass., 
five  years,  when  he  removed  to  Providence,  R.  I., 
and  became  pastor  of  what  was  then  the  Brown 
Street  Baptist  church,  since  united  with  the  Third, 
to  form  the  Union  Baptist  church  of  Providence. 
This  pastorate  continued  for  eleven  years.  Mr. 
Graves  removed  to  Fall  River,  Mass.,  in  1874,  and 
became  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  that 
city,  where  he  now  resides.  In  his  fields  of  labor 
the  Lord  has  greatly  blessed  his  ministrations. 

Graves,  Rev.  Hiram  Atwell,  was  born  in 

Wcndall,  Mass.,  April  5,  1813.  He  was  a  child 
of  remarkable  precocity.  Within  three  months 
from  the  time  his  parents  allowed  him  the  use  of  a 
book,  he  had  learned  to  read,  and  when  he  was 


4f>f> 


GKA VES 


four  years  old  he  h:id  read  the  New  Testament 
through.  He  might  have  been  prepared  for  col 
lege  when  he  was  not  much  over  twelve  had  he  not 
been  restrained  by  his  parents.  Soon  after  reach 
ing  the  a  ire  of  thirteen  lie  gave  good  evidence  of 
conversion,  and  was  baptized  by  his  father  and 
received  into  the  membership  of  the  church  of 
which  he  was  pastor.  lie  graduated  at  Middle- 
bury  College.  Vt..  in  1H34.  When  twenty-three 
vars  of  a  ire  lie  was  ordained  in  Springfield,  Mass. 
His  pastorate  was  a  brief  one.  Failing  health  com-  | 
pelled  him  to  resign,  and  for  the  same  reason  he 
gave  up  his  ministry  in  Lynn,  whither  lie  had  gone 
on  leaving  Springfield.  In  184:2  he  became  the 
editor  of  the  Christian  Reflector,  a  Baptist  weekly 
newspaper,  published  in  Boston.  I  Ic  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  the  office  when  the  fortunes  of  the 
paper  were  at  their  lowest  ebb.  At  once  it  was  evi 
dent  that  an  energetic  man  was  at  the  helm  of  affairs. 
The  moribund  paper  was  lifted  into  new  life.  Its 
subscription  list  increased  largely,  and  it  was  a 
power  in  the  denomination,  which  made;  itself  felt 
in  every  direction.  At  length  it  was  united  with 
the  Christian  Watchman,  and  under  the  new  7iame 
of  the  Watchman  and  ReJleHor  it  was  the  most 
popular  Baptist  paper  in  all  New  England. 

Such  hard  and  constant  strain  on  his  nervous 
system,  as  he  was  forced  to  endure  to  bring  his 
paper  up  to  the  point  where  he  finally  left  it, 
thoroughly  exhausted  him,  and  he  was  compelled 
to  retire  from  his  editorial  chair  and  seek  rest  and 
recuperation  in  a  milder  climate.  Three  or  four 
years  were  spent  in  the  island  of  Jamaica.  His 
disease  was  probably  held  in  check,  but  it  was  not 
subdued.  Feeling  satisfied  that  he  could  not  re 
cover,  he  returned  to  his  native  land,  and  after 
liiiirerinir  a  few  weeks,  he  died  at  his  father's  house 
in  Bristol,  11.  I.,  Nov.  3,  1850. 

The  fame  of  Mr.  (Graves  rests  upon  his  accom 
plishments  as  an  editor.  Of  him,  as  working  in 
this  department  of  Christian  labor,  Dr.  Turnbull 
says,  "  He  formed  the  character  and  laid  the  foun 
dation  of  the  prosperity  of  the  Watchman  and  Ife- 
flector,  the  leading  Baptist  journal  in  New  Eng 
land,  and  one  of  the  best  papers  in  the  country. 
Easy,  versatile,  and  graceful,  apt,  also,  in  a  high 
degree,  with  sufficient  spice  of  wit  and  vigor,  al 
ways  sensible  and  often  eloquent,  his  leaders,  short 
or  long,  were  the  first  things  caught  by  apprecia 
tive  readers.  In  full  sympathy  with  the  spirit  of 
Christianity  and  the  progress  of  the  age  in  all 
benevolent  enterprises,  he  threw  himself  into  the 
grand  movement  of  the  church  for  the  salvation  of 
the  world.  Our  educational,  missionary,  and  phi 
lanthropic  schemes  are  largely  indebted  to  his  ju 
dicious,  earnest  advocacy.'' 

Graves,  Rev.  J.  M.,  was  born  in  Shrewsbury, 
Mass.,  in  17'J4.  and  studied  for  the  ministry  with 


Ilcv.  Dr.  doing,  of  Worcester.  He  was  ordained 
at  Royalton,  Mass.,  where  he  remained  several 
years.  He  was  pastor  also  for  a  time  of  the  church 
in  Wardell,  Mass.  Subsequently  he  devoted  fifteen 
years  of  his  life  to  pastoral  work  in  Vermont.  He 
was  pastor  also  of  churches  in  East  Boston  and 
Methuen,  Mass.  For  a  time  he  supplied  the 
churches  at  Brighton  and  West  Newton,  and  was 
in  the  service  of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  State 
Convention.  He  was  a  faithful  minister  of  the 
gospel.  His  death  occurred  at  Charlestown,  Mass., 
•Jan.  lf>.  ls;0. 

Graves,  J.  R.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Chester,  A't.r 
April  10,  18:20.     On  his  father's  side  he  descends 


.1.   R.   GRAVES.    LL.D. 

from  a  French  Huguenot,  who  fled  to  America, 
most  of  whose  family  perished  at  the  revocation 
of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  who  settled  in  the  village 
of  Chester,  Vt.  His  mother  was  the  granddaugh 
ter  of  a  distinguished  German  physician  and 
scholar  named  Schnell.  Dr.  Graves  is  the  youngest 
of  three  children.  His  father  died  suddenly  when 
he  was  but  three  weeks  old.  and  although  a  partner 
in  a  prosperous  mercantile  house,  the  business  was 
so  managed  that  but  little  was  left  to  the  stricken 
widow.  Young  Graves  was  converted  at  fifteen, 
and  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  North  Springfield,  Vt.  In  his  nineteenth 
year  he  was  elected  principal  of  the  Kingsville 
Academy,  O.,  where  he  remained  two  years,  when 
with  impaired  health  he  went  for  the  winter  to 
Kentucky.  There  he  took  charge  of  the  Clear 
Creek  Academy,  near  Nicholasville.  Jessamine 


GRA TKS 


407 


GRA  VES 


Co.  About  that  time  he  united  with  the  Mount 
Freedom  church,  and  was  soon  licensed  to  preach 
without  his  knowledge,  but  he  would  not  enter  the 
ministry,  feeling  himself  wholly  disqualified  for  so 
great  a  work.  For  four  years  he  gave  six  hours  to 
the  school-room  and  eight  to  study,  going  over  a 
college  course  without  a  teacher,  mastering  a  modern 
language  yearly,  making  the  Bible  the  man  of  his 
counsel,  and  Paul  his  instructor  in  theology.  These 
years  of  hard  study  and  self-reliant  investigation 
gave  the  peculiar  character  which  belongs  to  his 
preaching  and  reasoning.  From  the  time  of  his 
conversion  he  was  impressed  with  the  duty  of  pro 
claiming  the  gospel,  and  always  shaped  his  studies 
with  a  view  to  the  ministry  as  his  life-work,  but 
breathed  this  secret  to  710  one.  lie  was  called  to 
ordination  by  his  church  against  his  desire.  The 
venerable  Dr.  Dillard.  of  Lexington.  Ivy.,  was 
the  chairman  of  the  examining  Presbvtery,  and 
preached  the  sermon  on  the  occasion.  He  came  to 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  July  3,  184.").  In  a  few  days  he 
rented  a  building  and  opened  the  Vine  Street  Clas 
sical  and  Mathematical  Academy,  and  shortly  after 
wards  united  with  the  First  Baptist  church.  In 
the  fall  of  1X45  he  took  charge  of  the  Second 
church,  on  Clierry  Street,  now  the  Central  Baptist 
church,  and  the  following  year  he  was  elected  edi 
tor  of  the  Tennessee  Bnptist,  when  his  public  re 
ligious  career,  with  which  all  are  more  or  less 
familiar,  commenced.  It  is  difficult  to  give  even  a 
brief  summary  of  the  work  accomplished  and  the 
influence  exerted  by  a  mind  so  active,  an  intellect 
so  great,  and  a  genius  so  uncommon. 

When  in  the  autumn  of  1X40  he  took  charge  of 
the  Tennessee  ftapfist,  it  had  a  circulation  of  only 
1000,  and  before  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  it 
had  attained  the  largest  circulation  of  any  Baptist 
paper  in  the  world,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  any  paper 
ever  exerted  a  wider  denominational  influence.  At 
the  same  time  he  edited  a  monthly,  a  quarterly,  and 
an  annual,  besides  editing  all  the  books  that  were 
issued  from  the  presses  of  the  Southwestern  Pub 
lishing  House.  In  addition  he  has  written  and 
published  the  following  works  :  "  The  Desire  of  All 
Nations,1'  "  The  Watchman's  Reply,"  "The  Tri- 
lemma."  "The  First  Baptist  Church  in  America,'' 
"  The  Little  Iron  Wheel,"  "  The  Great  Iron  Wheel," 
"The  Bible  Doctrine  of  the  Middle  Life,"  "  Expo 
sition  of  Modern  Spiritism."  which,  for  origi 
nality  and  thoroughness,  has  received  the  com 
mendation  of  the  first  scholars  of  the  a<:e,  "  The 
New  Hymn  and  Tune  Book,"  "The  Little  Seraph." 
and  last,  "Old  Landmarkism,  What  It  Is."  He 
has  edited  and  brought  before  the  public,  American 
editions  of  very  valuable  works, — Robinson's  "  His 
tory  of  Baptism."  Wall's  "  History  of  Infant  Bap 
tism,"  Orchard's  "  History  of  Foreign  and  English 
Baptists,"  "  Stewart  on  Baptism,"  and  other  minor 


works.  But  he  considers  that  the  great  theological 
work  of  his  life  is  now  passing  through  the  press, 
entitled  "The  Work  of  Christ  in  Seven  Dispensa 
tions." 

He  originated  the  first  Ministers'  Institute.  He 
raised  without  compensation  the  endowment  of  the 
theological  chair  in  Union  University,  and  without 
charge  he  established  the  Mary  Sharpe  College. 
Winchester,  Term.,  securing  the  necessary  funds, 
and  he  drafted  its  admirable  curriculum. 

In  1X48  he  originated  the  Southwestern  Publish 
ing  House,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  for  the  dissemination 
of  sound  Baptist  literature,  and  subsequently  the 
Southern  Baptist  Sunday-School  Union,  both  of 
which  achieved  great  success,  but  were  destroyed 
by  the  war.  In  1X70  he  presented  the  plan  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society  to  the  Big 
Hatchie  Association  of  Tennessee,  by  which  it  was 
approved  ;  and  in  the  summer  of  1X74  he  turned 
over  to  the  society  8130,000.  which  he  hud  raised 
in  cash  and  bonds,  as  an  endowment;  but  owing 
to  the  financial  crisis  which  succeeded,  and  other 
causes,  the  society  has  suspended. 

lie  is  a  great  preacher,  following  unusual  lines 
of  thought.  He  is  pre-eminently  doctrinal,  yet 
Christ  crucified  is  the  soul  of  every  sermon,  lie 
is  lengthy,  yet  he  holds  the  attention  of  his  audi 
ence  to  the  last.  He  insists  strongly  upon  the 
form,  rights,  and  duties  of  the  true  church,  and 
yet  he  always  places  Christ  before  the  church,  and 
upon  water  baptism,  and  baptism  properly  admin 
istered,  yet  he  places  the  blood  of  Christ  before 
water.  In  power  of  illustration,  in  earnestness 
of  denunciation,  in  force  of  logic,  in  boldness  of 
thought,  and,  at  times,  in  tenderness  of  soul,  he 
has  few  peers.  His  eloquence  is  sometimes  over 
whelming.  A  judge  in  the  city  of  Memphis,  on 
"brief  day,"  in  lecturing  the  bar  upon  the  im 
portance  of  a  clear  statement  of  propositions,  once 
remarked,  "  The  gift  is  as  rare  as  genius,  but  is 
still  susceptible  of  cultivation.  Of  living  ministers 
I  know  of  no  one  who  possesses  it  in  a  higher  de 
gree  than  Dr.  Graves,  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
in  this  city.  He  lays  down  his  propositions  so 
clearly  that  they  come  with  the  force  of  axioms 
that  need  no  demonstration."  It  is  not  remarkable 
that  a  man  of  such  force  of  intellect  has  taken 
bold  and  advanced  positions,  coining  in  conflict 
with  the  opinions  of  many  even  in  his  own  denom 
ination.  He  is  the  acknowledged  head  of  the  great 
movement  among  Baptists  known  as  "Old  Land 
markism."  With  all  the  strong  blows  he  has  in 
flicted  upon  error  he  is  one  of  the  kindest  of  living 
men. 

In  his  early  ministry,  Dr.  Graves  had  many  con 
verts  under  his  preaching.  The  writer  was  with 
him  on  one  occasion  in  Brownsville,  Tenn.,  in 
1X49,  where  more  than  seventy  persons,  including 


Gil  A  VKS 


4f>8 


a  it  A  VKS 


the  best  men  and  women  of  the  place,  found  the 
Saviour.  His  arguments,  illustrations,  and  appeals 
were  the  most  powerful  he  ever  heard.  Before  he 
was  thirty  vears  of  age  over  loOU  persons  had  pro 
fessed  religion  in  special  meetings  which  he  held. 

In  IS."))!  the  Domestic  Mission  Board  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  were  exceedingly 
anxious  to  establish  a  strong  Baptist  church  in  New 
Orleans.  To  secure  this  object  they  invited  J)r. 
Fuller,  of  Baltimore,  to  go  to  that  city  as  a  mis 
sionary.  He  was  the  most  eloquent  preacher  in 
the  South,  and  he  had  no  superior  in  the  Xorth, 
but  he  declined  the  request.  Then  they  formally 
appointed  Dr.  Graves  to  the  position  with  a  salary 
of  $31)00  per  annum.  The  work  to  be  done,  the 
place  where  it  was  to  be  performed,  and  the  ex 
traordinary  salary  for  that  day  which  they  offered, 
showed  their  great  appreciation  of  his  pulpit  gifts. 
Dr.  Graves  has  a  wonderful  command  over  his 
audience,  holding  them  spell-bound  for  hours  at  a 
time.  lie  is  deeply  in  earnest,  utters  the  strong 
convictions  of  his  own  mind,  and  carries  his  hearers 
with  him  as  by  the  force  of  a  tornado.  And  this 
is  true  of  all  classes, — teachers,  doctors,  lawyers, 
judges,  statesmen.  At  a  session  of  the  Georgia 
Baptist  Convention  before  the  late  war,  Joseph  K. 
Brown,  then  governor  of  Georgia,  in  a  speech  be 
fore  the  Convention  upon  the  obligations  of  Baptists 
to  give  to  the  world  a  pure  Bible  literature,  said, 
"  There  is  one  man  who  lias  done  more  than  any 
fifty  men  now  living  to  enable  the  Baptists  of 
America  to  know  their  own  history  and  their  own 
principles,  and  to  make  the  world  know  them,  and 
that  man  is  the  brother  on  my  right."  bowing  to 
the  editor  of  the  Teunexxce  Baptist,  Dr.  Graves, 
who  was  present. 

As  a  presiding  officer  over  deliberative  bodies, 
Dr.  Graves  has  often  been  honored,  and  no  man 
more  richly  deserves  it.  Dr.  Graves  has  had  some 
eight  or  ten  public  discussions,  to  each  of  which 
he  was  challenged,  and  in  every  one  of  which  his 
opponent  felt  sorry  for  inviting  the  conflict. 

Dr.  Graves  in  his  peculiarities  represents  a  sec 
tion  of  the  Baptist  denomination,  a  conscientious 
and  devoted  portion  of  our  great  apostolic  com 
munity,  but  in  his  earnest  and  generous  zeal  for 
our  heaven-inspired  principles  he  represents  all 
thorough  Baptists  throughout  the  ages  and  the 
nations.  In  his  literary  efforts  he  has  rendered 
immense  service  to  the  Baptist  churches  of  America. 
The  republication  of  Robinson's  "  History  of  Bap 
tism"  and  Wall's  "  History  of  Infant  Baptism," 
with  his  able  introductions,  and  the  other  historical 
works  which  have  been  issued  through  his  instru 
mentality,  have  exerted  a  vast  influence  in  favor 
of  the  oldest  denomination  in  Christendom.  The 
fearless  boldness  of  Dr.  Graves  in  advocating  the 
practices  of  Christ  and  his  Apostles,  his  manly  de 


nunciations  of  that  ungodly  charity  that  would 
tread  under  foot  a  divine  ordinance  to  please  un 
taught  professing  Christians  of  Pedobaptist  denom 
inations,  have  aided  mightily  in  suppressing  luke- 
warmness,  and  in  fostering  /eal  for  the  truth  among 
us.  The  Alalmma  /*'/////.*/.  Dr.  K.  T.  W inkier 
editor,  truly  says,  "  Kxtreme  as  the  views  of  l>r. 
Graves  have  by  many  been  regarded  as  being,  there 
is  no  question  that  they  have  powerfully  contributed 
to  the  correction  of  a  false  liberalism  that  was  cur 
rent  in  many  quarters  thirty  years  ago."  Dr.  S. 
II.  Ford,  in  his  C/trtxtiftii  J>'f//oxi/i>ri/.  gives  his  ap 
proval  to  this  statement,  saying.  "  We  fully  indorse 
this  just  commendation  of  the  efforts  of  Dr.  (Jraves. 
We  differ  with  him  in  some  things,  but  we  honor 
his  heroic  life-work  in  meeting  and  exposing  error 
wherever  uttered." 

Graves,  Samuel,  D.D.,  son  of  John  and  Betsey 
(Cilley)  Graves,    was   born   in   Ackworth,    X.    11., 


SAML'EL    GRAVES,   D.D. 

March  15,  1S20.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  was 
apprenticed  to  E.  &  T.  Fairbanks  &  Co.,  scale 
manufacturers,  in  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt.  ;  but  at  the 
end  of  two  years  his  strong  desire  for  an  educa 
tion  led  to  the  close  of  his  apprenticeship,  and  he 
went  to  Madison  University,  N.  Y.  Here  he  re 
mained  until  1840.  completing  the  collegiate  and 
theological  course  of  study.  During  the  two  years 
of  his  divinity  course,  and  for  one  year  following, 
he  served  the  university  as  tutor  in  Greek. 

In  1848  he  became  pastor  in  Ann  Arbor.  Mich. 
Purine  three  years  of  service  in  this  field  he  saw 
the  church  increase  from  62  to  216  members.  In 


GRA  VES 


GRA  Y 


1851  he  became  Professor  of  Greek  in  Kalamazoo 
College,  and  of  Systematic  Theology  in  the  Theo 
logical  Seminary.  During  the  eight  years  that 
followed  he  rendered  excellent  service  and  had  the 
fullest  confidence  of  the  friends  of  these  institu 
tions.  In  1S59  he  took  charge  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  and  enjoyed  a  prosper 
ous  pastorate  of  ten  years. 

January  1,  1870,  he  entered  upon  his  work  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Grand  Rapids,  and 
has  held  the  office  till  now.  During  his  ministry 
the  church  has  prospered  far  beyond  its  previous 
experience,  and  a  commodious  and  elegant  house 
of  worship  has  been  built.  In  1X72  he  spent  seven 
months  in  Europe  and  the  Holy  Land.  In  1871-712 
he  was  president  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention 
of  Michigan.  In  1879  he  preached  the  annual 
sermon  before  the  American  Baptist  Missionary 
Union.  He  has  an  eminently  catholic  spirit,  and  is 
greatly  respected  and  beloved  by  his  brethren  in 
the  ministry. 

Graves,  Z.  C.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  1816,  in 
Chester,  Vt,  He  is  the  brother  of  Dr.  J.  R. 
Graves,  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  In  early  life  he  was 
frail,  and  unfitted  to  bear  hardships,  and  by 
the  advice  of  a  physician  he  was  sent  to  a  farm 
to  secure  health  from  its  pure  air  and  strength 
ening  exercises.  Here  he  remained  until  his  six 
teenth  year,  working  upon  the  farm  during  the 
summer,  and  attending  the  winter  school  for  three 
or  four  months  each  year.  It  was  in  the  latter 
part  of  this  year  that  he  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  in  North  Springfield.  His  insatiable  thirst 
for  books  led  to  his  return  home,  that  he  might 
enter  Chester  Academy.  lie  prosecuted  its  classi 
cal  and  mathematical  course  for  five  or  six  terms. 
From  it  he  went  to  the  Baptist  High  or  Normal 
School,  at  Ludlow,  where  he  pursued  his  studies 
until  twenty-one,  supporting  himself  by  teach 
ing  district  schools  three  or  four  months  each 
winter. 

The  wonderful  success  of  the  winter  schools 
which  he  taught  during  these  training  years,  the 
great  interest  taken  in  their  studies  by  his  scholars, 
and  their  proficiency,  marked  him  out  as  the  coming 
teacher  before  he  had  finished  his  education.  At 
the  age  of  twenty-one  he  went  West,  and  opened  a 
private  school  in  Ashtabula,  O.,  where  becoming 
known  as  a  successful  teacher,  upon  the  resignation 
of  his  brother,  J.  R.  Graves,  he  was  elected  prin 
cipal  of  Kingsville  Academy,  situated  in  a  neat 
little  village  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Erie,  midway 
between  Ashtabula  and  Conneaut.  Here  he  mar 
ried  Miss  Adelia  C.  Spencer,  an  intellectual  and 
accomplished  lady,  who  has  been  for  thirty  years 
associated  with  him  as  matron  of  the  Mary  Sharpe 
College,  and  known  in  literary  circles  as  the  au 
thoress  of  "  Jephtha's  Daughter,"  a  poem  of  rare 


excellence,  and  her  master-piece,  "  Seclusaval ;  or, 
the  Arts  of  Romanism." 

As  principal  of  this  academy  our  young  teacher 
achieved  a  success  without  a  parallel  in  the  history 
of  Western  schools  and  academies.  His  fame  drew 
patronage  not  from  surrounding  counties  only,  but 
from  adjoining  States.  Men  who  have  become 
eminent  as  jurists  and  statesmen,  missionaries, 
professors,  and  presidents  of  colleges,  received  their 
academic  training  under  Mr.  Graves  in  this  school. 

It  was  in  1850  that  the  Mary  Sharpe  Female 
College  wras  founded  in  Winchester,  Franklin  Co., 
Tenn.,  to  be  what  its  name  indicates,  a  college 
whose  curriculum,  with  but  few  changes,  is  that 
of  Brown  University.  It  was  intended  that  the 
graduates  of  this  college  should  be  able  to  pass  an 
examination  with  the  Seniors  of  that  university,  or 
of  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  this  it  has  con 
fessedly  accomplished. 

When  this  school  was  ready  to  be  opened,  the 
name  of  Z.  C.  Graves  was  placed  before  the  trustees 
by  his  brother,  J.  R.  Graves,  through  whose  influ 
ence  and  labors  mainly  the  college  had  been  founded, 
and  a  correspondence  opened  which  resulted  in  his 
election  to  the  presidency,  which  position  he  has 
filled  with  distinguished  ability  for  over  thirty  years. 
The  high  character  of  this  institution  is  known 
North  and  South,  and  has  justly  wron  the  title  from 
scholars  and  educators  of  ''  The  Female  University 
of  the  South."  Dr.  Graves  has  made  the  success 
of  this  university  his  life-work,  and  his  labors  have 
been  truly  herculean.  He  attributes  his  iron  con 
stitution  and  unequaled  powers  of  endurance  in 
the  class-room  to  the  combined  mental  and  physi 
cal  training  of  his  youth.  He  has  in  forty  years 
lost  but  two  or  three  days  from  the  school-room  from 
sickness,  and  fewer  days  from  pleasure,  and  is  now, 
at  sixty-four,  mentally  and  physically  as  active  and 
vigorous  as  most  men  at  forty.  He  has  educated 
in  part  and  graduated  about  four  thousand  young 
ladies  at  the  Mary  Sharpe  College,  who  are  occupy 
ing  the  first  positions  in  social  life,  and  not  a  few 
of  them  are  among  the  noted  teachers  of  the  South. 
It  is  impossible  to  tell  how  much  Dr.  Graves  has 
done  for  the  higher  education  and  elevation  of 
woman  during  his  long  and  unusually  useful  career 
as  an  instructor. 

Dr.  Graves  is  a  man  of  great  modesty,  of  a  very 
penetrating  mind,  highly  cultured,  and  beloved  by 
all  his  pupils,  and  as  widely  as  he  is  known. 

Gray,  Rev.  Davis  Dimock,  was  born  in  Wind- 
ham,  Wyoining  Co.,  Pa..  May  2,  1808.  He  was  bap 
tized  and  became  a  member  of  the  Braintrim  church, 
Wyoming  Co.,  Pa.,  on  Sept.  25,  1831.  He  was  li 
censed  by  this  church  May  24,  1834,  and  ordained  by 
the  Bridgewater  Association,  acting  as  a  council, 
Aug.  26,  1836.  In  the  exercise  of  a  long  and  use 
ful  ministry  he  has  preached  as  supply,  before  or- 


470 


dination,  to  the  -Jackson.  Xe\v  Mil  ford,  and  Union 
churches.  Since  his  ordination  he  has  served  as 
pastor  of  the  Union,  in  Luzerne  Co.,  the  Jackson 
and  New  Mil  ford,  in  Susqnehanna  Co.,  Ilonesdale, 
Wayne  Co.,  Penn's  Xeck  (now  Princeton),  X.  •).. 
.and  in  November,  184(J,  he  returned  to  the  place 
of  his  nativity,  as  pastor  of  the  Braintrim  church, 
which  he  still  serves.  During  this  last  pastorate 
he  has  preached  over  3000  sermons.  While  serv 
ing  the  -Jackson  church,  Rev.  D.  D.  Gray  had  the 
pleasure  of  baptizing  his  younger  brother,  II. 
II.  Gray,  who  also  became  a  prominent  minister 
among  the  churches  of  the  Bridgcwater  and  Wyo 
ming  Associations.  His  death  occurred  in  1S7S. 
The  influence  of  both  these  brethren  has  been  only 
tor  good  ;  it  tended  to  promote  a  high  standard  of 
holy  living.  The  life  of  the  elder  is  still  the  heri 
tage  of  the  militant  church,  the  death  of  the  younger 
is  precious  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord. 

Gray,  Edgar  Harkness,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Bridport,  Vt.,  XTov.  1>8,  IS  15.  Having  lost  his 
lather  while  only  nine  years  of  age,  he  was  placed 
with  a  neighboring  farmer  until  he  was  four 
teen.  He  was  converted  at  the  age  of  twelve. 
At  fourteen  he  was  apprenticed  to  the  printing 
business  in  Burlington,  Vt.  Subsequently  he  re 
moved  to  St.  Alban's,  where,  after  a  serious  ill 
ness,  he  decided  to  prepare  for  the  ministry.  He 
loft  his  business,  retired  to  his  native  town,  arid 
attended  a  select  school,  paying  his  expenses  by 
teaching  primary  classes  in  the  school.  In  1*34  he 
entered  Waterville  College,  Me.  (Colby  University). 
After  graduating  he  studied  theology  with  the  Rev. 
R.  E.  Pattison,  I). P.,  the  president  of  the  college, 
and  the  Rev.  S.  F.  Smith,  D.I).,  then  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Waterville.  Dr.  Gray's  first  set 
tlement  in  the  ministry  was  at  Freeport,  Me.,  where 
he  was  ordained  in  1839,  being  then  twenty-five 
years  of  age.  Here  he  remained  five  years,  blessed 
in  his  labors.  In  1S44  he  removed  to  Shelburne 
Falls,  Mass.  Subsequently,  in  1847,  he  was  settled 
at  Bath,  Me.,  and  then,  by  unanimous  request,  re 
turned  to  Shelburne  Falls  in  1850.  In  1803  he  ac 
cepted  a  call  to  the  E  Street  Baptist  church,  Wash- 
ini'ton,  D.  C.,  where  his  labors  resulted  in  the 

D 

general  prosperity  of  the  church.  In  1863,  Dr. 
Gray  returned  again  to  his  old  field  of  labor,  Shel 
burne  Falls,  and  after  three  years'  residence  there, 
he  removed  again,  in  1873,  to  Washington,  to  take 
charge  of  a  new  interest  known  as  the  North  Bap 
tist  church.  Here  he  remained  until  July,  1878, 
when  he  resigned  to  enter  upon  the  work  of  church 
extension  in  California.  In  1864  the  University  of 
Rochester,  X.  Y.,  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.I).  At  the  commencement  of  the 
Thirty-ninth  Congress,  Dr.  Gray  was  elected  chap 
lain  of  the  U.  S.  Senate,  and  continued  in  that 
position  four  years.  Dr.  Gray  was  one  of  the  four 


clergymen  who  officiated  at  the  funeral  of  Presi 
dent  Lincoln,  and  among  others,  conducted  the  ser 
vices  in  connection  with  the  burial  of  the  Hon. 
Thaddeus  Stevens,  of  Pa.,  pronouncing  also  a 
eulogy  in  the  rotunda  of  the  Capitol  over  the  re 
mains. 

Grebel,  Conrad.      See  article  ANABAPTISTS. 

Greece,  Mission  to. — The  first  Baptist  mission 
aries  sent  to  Greece  were  Rev.  II.  T.  Love  and  Rev. 
C.  Pasco,  with  their  wives,  who  sailed  from  this 
country  Oct.  '24.  1S30,  and  commenced  their  labors 
at  Patras,  where  a  school  was  opened  in  1S37,  and 
the  Scriptures  and  religious  tracts  were  freely  dis 
tributed  among  the  people.  Some  opposition  was 
.manifested  by  the  Holy  Synod  of  the  Greek  Church, 
but  this  only  stimulated  the  curiosity  of  the  people 
to  road  the  forbidden  books.  In  September.  1S3S. 
a  new  station  was  established  at  /ante,  one  of  the 
Ionian  Islands.  Mrs.  11.  E.  Dickson.  at  one  time  a 
teacher  in  the  Governmental  Female  Boarding- 
School  in  Corfu,  arrived  in  Patras.  Feb.  15.  1840, 
and  commenced  her  labors  as  an  assistant  to  Mr. 
I  and  Mrs.  Love.  The  health  of  Mr.  Pasco  having 
failed,  the  station  at  /ante  was  abandoned.  For 
the  same  reason  Mr.  Love  was  obliged  to  leave 
Patras,  and  a  new  station  was  commenced  at  Corfu 
in  April,  1840.  The  first  Greek  baptized  by  Mr. 
Love  was  Apostolos.  who  became  his  assistant. 
Rev.  R.  F.  Buel  and  wife  joined  the  mission  June 
18,  1841.  Special  hostility  was  awakened  against 
Mr.  Buel,  who  was  falsely  charged  with  having 
distributed  tracts  against  one  of  the  favorite  saints 
of  the  people.  A  mob  was  raised,  and  Mr.  Buel 
was  compelled  to  leave  Corfu.  Mr.  Love,  in  ill 
health,  returned  to  the  United  States  in  the  spring 
of  1S43.  Rev.  A.  X.  Arnold  and  wife  and  Miss 
Waldo  arrived  at  Corfu,  Feb.  17.  1844.  Together 
with  Mrs.  Dickson  they  labored  for  some  time  in 
Corfu  ;  in  1851  they  removed  to  Athens.  Mis 
sionary  work  was  carried  on  until  their  return  to 
the  United  States  in  1855.  Mr.  Buel  soon  followed 
them,  and  the  mission  ceased  to  be  under  the  pat 
ronage  of  the  Missionary  Union  until  1S72,  when 
Rev.  D.  Sakellarius  was  appointed  a  missionary. 
Mr.  Sakellarius  and  his  wife  have  with  fidelity 
performed  the  duties  which  they  have  assumed, 
but  the  progress  of  evangelical  religion  in  Greece 
has  been  slow. 

Green,  Rev.  A.  B.,  for  many  years  a  devoted 
and  very  successful  missionary  in  the  La  Crosse 
and  St.  Croix  valleys,  Wis.,  was  born  in  War 
ren,  Vt.,  and  died  at  Whitewater,  Wis.,  Sept.  26, 
1878,  aged  fifty-two  years.  He  was  converted 
when  about  thirty  years  old  at  Lakeland,  Minn. 
He  was  ordained  May  16,  1860,  by  ^he  Baptist 
church  at  Prescott.  He  at  once  commenced  with 
great  zeal  his  work  as  a  Christian  minister.  Before 
entering  the  ministry  he  practised  law,  and  held 


GREEN 


471 


GREENE 


the  office  of  sheriff  and  judge  in  the  county  where 
he  resided.  After  serving  several  churches  as  pas 
tor  he  entered,  in  1870,  upon  the  great  work  of  his 
life,  that  of  pioneer  missionary  in  the  St.  Croix  and 
La  Crosse  valleys.  It  would  be  impossible  to  re 
late  in  the  brief  space  allotted  for  the  purpose  his 
almost  superhuman  labors  and  grand  triumphs  on 
this  h'eld.  He  planted  churches  and  built  meeting 
houses  at  almost  every  important  point.  His  mis 
sionary  tours  extended  over  hundreds  of  miles, 
often  through  dense  forests  and  wide  unsettled 
districts,  frequently  made  on  foot,  and  requiring  a 
physical  fortitude  and  patient  self-sacrifice  almost 
unparalleled.  He  died  in  the  full  triumph  of  faith, 
having  literally  given  his  life  to  the  work  of  mis 
sions. 

Green,  Rev.  David,  was  born  in  Virginia.  He 
was  converted  in  youth,  and  gave  himself  soon 
after  to  the  work  of  the  ministry.  In  his  early 
days  he  was  very  successful  in  the  Carolinas.  He 
removed  to  Kentucky.  In  1S05  he  visited  Missouri. 
and  in  iSOb'  settled  in  it,  and  in  the  month  of -June 
of  that  year  he  organized  Bethel  church,  the  first 
in  Missouri.  He  served  this  church  as  pastor  till 
1809,  when  he  ceased  from  his  labors,  and  entered 
upon  his  eternal  reward. 

Green,  Rev.  Moses,  pastor  at  Beebe.  Ark.,  was 
born  in  North  Carolina  in  IS  IS,  and  reared  in  AVesr 
Tennessee,  began  to  preach  in  1 844,  was  ordained 
in  1850;  graduated  at  Union  University,  Term., 
and  shortly  afterwards  became  pastor  at  Somer- 
ville,  Tenn.,  where  he  remained  three  years  ;  was 
Professor  of  Greek  in  Madison  College  ;  removed  to 
Arkansas  in  i860,  and  settled  at  Austin,  where  he 
aided  in  the  organization  of  a  church  :  Mr.  Green 
has  filled  a  number  of  important  positions  in  the 
State,  and  traveled  much  as  an  evangelist.  He  has 
been  a  constant  contributor  to  the  religious  press, 
and  has  gained  much  reputation  as  a  writer. 
Green,  Rev.  William  R.,  was  born  Jan.  24. 

1823.  in  Tenn.,  and  died  Jan.  12."),  1879,  in  Knob- 
no.->ter,  Mo.  He  was  ordained  at  Murfreesborough, 
Tenn.,  by  Rev.  J.  II.  Haton,  LL.I).  He  graduated  in 
1854.  He  was  pastor  at  Clarksville  and  Nashville, 
Tenn.  About  twenty  years  of  his  life  were  spent 
in  Missouri.  Rev.  X.  T.  Allison,  who  knew  him 
well,  says  he  was  sound  in  doctrine  and  pure  in  con 
duct.  He  fell  from  a  railroad  bridge,  an  accident 
which  caused  him  years  of  suffering,  yet  he  patiently 
performed  his  work  down  to  the  end  of  life. 

Greene,  Rev.  G.  W.,  was  born  in  Watauga  Co., 
N.  C.,  June  27,  1852;  baptized  in  1865;  graduated 
at  Wake  Forest  College  in  1870;  graduated  at 
Theological  Seminary  at  Granville,  S.  C.,  in  1875, 
and  is  now  master  of  the  Moravian  Falls  Academy 
and  pastor  of  several  churches. 

Greene,  Rev.  Jonathan  R.,  was  bom  in  Chester, 
Vt.,  in  1801.  He  united  with  the  church  in  Caven 


dish,  Vt.,  in  1831.  His  business  prospects  were 
very  flattering.  He  had  a  pleasant  home  in  Caven 
dish,  and  the  future  of  his  life  looked  most  hopeful. 
The  call  of  God  came  to  him  in  the  midst  of  this 
worldly  prosperity,  to  leave  all  and  devote  himself 
to  the  work  of  preaching  the  gospel.  After  some 
struggles,  the  call  was  obeyed.  He  removed  to 
Xewport,  X.  II.,  where  he  put  himself  under  the 
tuition  of  Rev.  Ira  Pearson.  His  ordination  oc 
curred  at  Ackworth,  X.  II.  He  was  pastor  of  the 
churches  in  Bradford,  Ackworth,  Unity,  and  Han 
over,  X.  II,,  and  Hardwich.  Derby,  and  Passumpsic, 
A  t.  lie  believed  in  revivals,  and  aimed  to  secure 
them  in  the  churches  of  which  he  was  the  pastor. 
He  died  at  Factory  Point.  Manchester,  Vt.,  Sept. 
19.  1852. 

Greene,  Judge  Roger  Sherman,  chief  justice 

of  the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court,  Seattle,  Washington 


JUDGE    ROGER    SHERMAN    GREE.XE. 

Territory,  son  of  Rev.  David  Greene,  a  Congre 
gational  minister,  was  born  at  Roxbury,  Mass., 
Dec.  14,  1840.  His  father  was  one  of  the  corre 
sponding  secretaries  of  the  American  Board  of 
Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions.  His  mother 
was  granddaughter  of  Roger  Sherman,  of  Con 
necticut.  In  1848  his  father  retired  to  a  farm  in 
Westborough,  Mass.,  where  the  mother  died  in 
1850.  In  1851  their  home  was  burned,  and  the 
family  settled  at  Windsor,  Vt,  Young  Roger 
studied  in  the  common  schools  of  Roxbury,  West- 
borough,  and  Windsor,  and  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  1859.  He  engaged  in  teaching  at 
Windsor,  and  Falmouth,  Mass.,  and  New  London, 


GJtKKXK 


472 


GHKKXti 


Conn.,  studying  law  until  he  was  eighteen.     He 

settled  in   New  York  City  :   was  clerk  and  student 
in    the  law-ofiice  of  Kvarts.  Southmayd  &  Choate 
until  September,  1862;  admitted  to  the  bar  in  May, 
1S62.      In   October.    1862,  lie   entered    the   army  as 
second    lieutenant,    Co.    1.    3d    Missouri    Inf.      Pro 
moted  to  first  lieutenant:   and  in  August.   180-'!.  he- 
came  captain    of  Co.    C,    51st   U.    S.   Colored    Inf.. 
holding  the  position  until  discharged,  in  November, 
]St)."),  for  sickness   contracted  in  line   of  duty.      lie 
took   part,  in  the  battles  of  Chickasaw  Bayou.  Ar 
kansas    Post.  Vicksburg.    Fort    Blakely.  and  other 
minor   conflicts;    was  with   his    regiment  in  every 
Southern    and    border    State,    except    Texas.      At 
Vicksburg  he  was  wounded  in  the  right  arm.  May 
'2'2,    1863:    was    jud^e-advocate  of   the  district    of 
Vicksburu;  in  1864-65  ;   held   the   same  position  in 
the  Militarv  Division  of  Western  Louisiana.     After 
the  war  settled,  in  1866,  at  Chicago,  practising  law 
until    1870.  when   lie  was  appointed  by   President 
Grant   associate  justice  of    the  Supreme   Court  in 
Washington  Territory,  and  settled  at  Olyinpia.     In 
1878  lie  was  promoted  to  the  office  of  chief  justice 
by  President  Hayes,  and  moved  to  Seattle.     In  1866 
was  married  to  Miss  Grace  E.  Wooster.  of  Connec 
ticut,   a  devoted  Christian.     In    early   life  he   had 
deep  religious  impressions,  which  recurred  at  dif 
ferent  periods  until  his  conversion,  in  1868.      From 
186:")  to  1868  he  was  exercised  on  the  subject  of  bap 
tism.    His  family  were  Pedobaptist,  his  wife  a  Bap 
tist,  both  wished  to  be  in  unison,  and  believed  they 
could  be,  but  only  in  the  truth.      He  saw  that  it  was 
his  duty  and  privilege  to  be  immersed,  and  in  1871 
lie  was  baptized,  and  joined  the  newly  formed  Bap 
tist  church  atOlympia.     It  was  an  occasion  of  great 
jov,  enlarged  Christian  experience,  and  peace  in 
the   Lord.     He  was  soon   chosen   deacon,   and   in 
1874  was  ordained  pastor,  serving  one  year,  until 
ill   health   and  overwork  compelled  him  to  resign. 
He   had   been  clerk  and  moderator  of  the    Puget 
Sound  and   British  Columbia  Baptist  Association, 
and  is  now  its  treasurer.     His  membership  is  with 
the  Olympia  church.     He  is  an  upright  judge,  an 
earnest  Christian,  a  Baptist  from  deep  conviction, 
a  brother  whose  praise  is  in  all  the  churches. 
Greene,  Rev.  Samuel  H.,  was  born  in  Enos- 

burg.  Franklin  Co.,  Vt.,  Dec.  25,  1845.  In  1847 
his  family  removed  to  Montgomery  Centre,  Vt., 
and  he  continued  to  reside  there  until  1868.  He 
pursued  with  great  diligence  his  academic  studies 
at  the  seminaries  in  Fairfax  and  Brandon,  "V  t.,  and 
also  in  Norwich  University.  Mr.  Greene  for  some 
time  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  in  1867 
was  elected  superintendent  of  public  schools,  in 
which  capacity  he  served  with  marked  efficiency 
and  success.  He  united  with  a  Baptist  church  in 
1 8l')i),  and  was  licensed  to  preach  in  1868.  He 
pursued  his  collegiate  and  theological  studies  at 


Madison  University.  N.  Y..  graduating  from  college 
in  1*7:5,  and  from  the  theological  seminary  in  1875. 
In  the  year  of  his  graduation  he  was  ordained  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Cazenovia,  N.  Y., 
where  he  labored  with  great  success  until  Decem 
ber.  187'J,  at  which  time  he  resigned  to  accept  the 
pastorate  of  the  Calvary  Baptist  church.  Washing 
ton.  D.  C.  Mr.  Greene  is  an  earnest,  polished,  and 
interesting  speaker,  winning  and  holding  the  atten 
tion  of  an  audience  from  the  opening  of  his  dis 
course :  he  is  a  pastor  in  whose  visits  old  and 
young  delight ;  and  whose  genial  manners  and 
gentle  bearing  make  him  a  general  favorite.  Cal 
vary  church  is  growing  both  in  numbers  and 
strength  under  his  faithful  ministrations. 

Greene,  Samuel  Stillman,  LL.D.,  was  born  at 
Belchertown,   Mass.,   May  3,  1810,  and  graduated 


SAMUEL    STILLMAX    GREEN'E,    LL.D. 

at  Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1837.  Prof. 
Greene  has  devoted  his  entire  professional  life  to 
the  cause  of  education  in  one  form  or  another,  and 
occupies  a  distinguished  place  among  the  educators 
of  our  country.  He  has  taught  in  the  grammar 
and  English  high  schools  of  Boston,  and  has  been 
superintendent  of  schools  in  the  cities  of  Spring 
field  and  Providence.  He  was  Professor  of  Didac 
tics  in  Brown  University  from  1851  to  1855,  when 
he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Mathematics  and 
Civil  Engineering,  and  in  1864  Professor  of  Me 
chanics  and  Astronomy,  which  chair  he  now  holds. 
Prof.  Greene  has  occupied  for  many  years  a  prom 
inent  place  in  several  educational  organizations, 
and  by  his  pen  has  contributed  largely  to  the  cause 


GREENE 


473 


GREGORY 


of  education.  lie  has  also  prepared  several  text 
books,  his  "Analysis"  and  Grammars  having  ha 
a  wide  circulation  all  over  the  country.  Brovvr 
University  and  the  Worcester  Academy  are  great!1 
indebted  to  him  for  the  successful  efforts  he  ha 
made  in  many  ways  to  add  to  their  efficiency  a> 
institutions  of  learning. 

Greene,  Rev.  Thomas  Waterman,  was  bon 
at  Stamford,  Conn.,  Feb.  10,  1837.  He  was  ; 
grandson  of  the  revolutionary  general,  Nathanie 
Greene.  His  father  was  a  Congregational  deacon 
his  mother  a  preceptress  in  the  family  of  Rev.  Dr. 
Wayland.  In  1838  his  parents  settled  at  Meta- 
mora,  111.  Here  he  was  converted  at  the  age  of 
thirteen,  and  was  baptized  in  March,  1852.  He 
graduated  from  Shurtleff  College  in  I860,  and  from 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary  in  1803.  April 
21,  1804,  he  was  ordained  and  became  pastor  of  th 
church  at  Winchester,  111.  He  baptized  sixty  con 
verts  during  his  three  and  a  half  years' pastorate 
at  Winchester.  Failing  health  compelled  him  to 
seek  a  more  favorable  climate.  In  1807  he  preached 
for  a  short  time  at  Litchfield,  111.  In  1808  he  set 
tled  at  Lawrence,  Kansas,  where  he  remained  until 
1872,  when  he  became  pastor  at  Junction  City; 
and  in  1874  settled  with  the  Fort  Scott  church.  In 
1875  he  left  Denver  for  California,  and  was  invited 
to  become  president  pro  tan.  of  California  College, 
and  in  May,  1870,  he  was  elected  its  permanent 
president.  In  May,  1877,  consumption  had  so  fully 
got  the  mastery  that  lie  resigned  his  college  work, 
and  sought  relief  in  the  higher  regions  of  the 
State  at  Camptonville,  Cal.,  where  he  died  Aug. 
22,  1877.  He  was  eminently  spiritual,  eloquent, 
conscientious,  and  consecrated  to  the  work  of  the 
Lord. 

Gregg,  William  Henry,  was  born  Dec.  3 1 . 1832, 
in  Wilmington,  Del.  ;  was  converted  when  seven 
teen  years  old,  and  baptized  by  Key.  Morgan  J. 
Rhees,  then  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church. 
For  a  while  he  neglected  the  prayer-meetings,  but 
returned  resolving  to  fill  his  place  always.  His 
first  contribution  to  foreign  missions,  which  was 
one  dollar,  and  nearly  all  he  had,  was  made  upon 
the  presentation  of  the  cause  by  Dr.  Osgood.  This 
gift  did  the  donor  more  good  than  anything  he 
ever  bestowed  afterwards.  He  has  since  been  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  the  American  Baptist 
Missionary  Union. 

He  attributes  his  conversion  to  a  faithful  mother, 
who  died  when  he  was  but  thirteen  years  old.  She 
was  accustomed  to  take  him  to  her  room  and  pray 
with  him.  He  was  honored  while  a  member  of 
the  Second  Baptist  church  with  all  the  offices  within 
the  gift  of  the  church  except  that  of  deacon  ;  re 
mained  until  June,  1805,  when,  with  the  best  of 
feeling,  he,  together  with  others,  withdrew  to  form 
the  Delaware  Avenue  church.  While  connected 
31 


with  the  latter  church  he  was  superintendent  of 
the   Sunday-school   and   of   the   mission  school   at 
McDowellville;  was  deacon   and   treasurer  of  the 
church,   and   chairman   of  its   building  committee 
until  the  church  edifice  was  erected  and  the  base 
ment  occupied.     Shortly  after  this,  feeling  that  his 
day  of  usefulness  with   that   church   was   over,  he 
left   it.      During    his    short   connection    with    the 
Delaware    Avenue    church   he    contributed    to   its 
treasury  for  building  and  other   church    purposes 
about  84000.     Mr.  Gregg   was   next   instrumental 
in    organizing   a    Sunday-school    in    a   fire-engine 
house.     It  was  soon  removed  to  the  building  of  the 
old   First   church,  with  which  he  and  some  others 
united,  and  new  life  was  infused  into  the  old  body. 
Eventually  the  fresh  element,  under  the  leadership 
of  the  pastor,  Rev.  Thos.  M.  Eastwood,  withdrew, 
removing  to  a  more  promising  field  of  labor.    Uni 
ting  with  the  members  of  the  disbanded  Elm  Street 
church,  they  together  formed  a  strong  church,  and 
now  occupy  the  Elm  Street  chapel.     Prior  to  this 
Mr.  Gregg  assisted   in   the   formation   of  the  Wil 
mington   Baptist  City  Mission,  and  was  the  chair 
man  of  the   committee   on   mission   schools  which 
selected  and  purchased  the  fine  lot  on  Elm  Street, 
and  erected  a  chapel  thereon.     A   Sunday-school, 
and  then  a  church,  were  organized  in   the  chapel, 
which  gave  place,  in   1878,  to  the  united  churches 
under  the  name  of  the  Bethany  Baptist  church,  to 
which    the    property  was    transferred   by    the   city 
mission.      In   this   new  interest  Mr.  Gregg  takes  a 
prominent   part,    both    in    the    Sunday-school   and 
church,  besides  contributing  liberally  for  the   ex 
tension  of  Christ's  kingdom  in  our  own  country 
and  in  other  lands. 

Gregory,  John  M.,  LL.D.,  •was  born  at  Sand 
Lake,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  0,  1822,  the  son 
of  Hon.  Joseph  Gregory  of  that  place.  His  prepa 
ration  for  college,  apart  from  such  advantages  as 
the  schools  of  his  native  town  afforded,  was  received 
it  the  Dutchess  County  Academy,  in  Poughkecpsie. 
Entering  the  Freshman  Class  in  Union  College  at 
the  age  of  twenty,  he  graduated  there  in  1840.  Two 
years  were  spent  in  law  study,  but  convictions  of 
duty  drew  him  into  the  ministry.  After  a  brief  pas- 
orate  in  the  East,  removing  to  the  West,  he  became 
irincipal  of  a  classical  school  in  Detroit,  Mich.  His 
narked  success  as  an  instructor  soon  fixed  attention 
ipon  him  as  an  educator.  He  was  chosen  Super- 
ntendent  of  Public  Instruction  for  the  State  of 
Michigan.  In  the  mean  time,  however,  in  associa- 
ion  with  President  E.  0.  Haven,  of  the  university  at 
\nn  Arbor,  and  Prof.  Welch,  of  the  Normal  School, 
e  had  established  the  Mi<:hi</an  Journal  of  Edn- 
afion,  having  himself  the  entire  editorial  charge. 
n  his  capacity  as  State  superintendent  of  iristruc- 
ion,  he  soon  came  to  be  recognized  as  one  of  the 
oremost  educators  in  the  country.  His  annual  re- 


GREGORY 


474 


GREGORY 


ports  were  characterized  by  remarkable  breadth  of 
view,  and  by  their  philosophical  treatment  of  edu 
cational  questions.  He  served  three  terms,  six  years 
in  all,  in  this  office,  and  in  1804,  declining  a  re 
election,  accepted  the  presidency  of  the  Kalamazoo 
College.  Three  years  later,  in  1SI>7,  he  was  culled 
to  the  presidency  of  the  Illinois  Industrial  Univer 
sity  at  Champaign,  then  just  founded.  This  im 
portant  post  he  held  until  the  present  year,  1880, 
when  he  resigned  it,  with  a  view  to  devote  himself 
to  the  carrying  out  of  some  literary  plans,  imprac 
ticable  so  long  as  the  cares  and  labors  of  such  an 
office  were  pressing  upon  him. 

While  in  previous  spheres  Dr.  Gregory's  power 
as  an  organizer  and  instructor  was  conspicuous,  it 
was  especially  so  in  the  position  held  at  Cham 
paign.  The  work  of  the  university  was  adjusted 
upon  a  scale  of  comprehensiveness  and  efficiency 
unusual  even  in  State  institutions,  while  his  per 
sonal  power  as  the  advocate  of  large  views  in  edu 
cation  was  felt  throughout  the  West.  Dr.  Gregory, 
while  as  a  speaker  always  commanding  marked  at 
tention  by  the  vigor  and  directness  of  his  thought 
and  his  lucid  diction,  is  also  an  excellent  writer,  and 
has  already  published  quite  extensively,  mostly  ad 
dresses  and  essays  upon  education,  including,  also, 
a  valuable  "  Hand-Book  of  History."  No  man  is 
more  welcome  in  Baptist  pulpits  than  Dr.  Gregory, 
and  though  his  service  in  the  pastorate  was  not 
an  extended  one,  he  has,  while  so  active  in  other 
spheres,  enjoyed  the  privilege  of  extended  useful 
ness  as  a  Christian  minister. 

Gregory,  Rev.  0.  F.,  is  one  of  South  Carolina's 
most  energetic  and  useful  ministers.  He  is  a  native 
of  Charleston.  S.  C.,  born  March  7,  1844,  and  bap 
tized  in  1858.  He  was  educated  in  his  native  city, 
and  ordained  at  the  call  of  the  old  First  church,  by 
Kevs.  E.  T.  Winkler,  D.D.,  L.  II.  Shuck,  D.D.,  and 
T.  U.  Gaines,  in  1871. 

His  first  pastorate  was  at  Mount  Pleasant,  near 
Charleston.  He  was  called  to  Eufaula,  Ala.,  in 
1875,  arid  thence  to  Tuscaloosa,  in  1879.  But  in 
1880  Cheraw  and  Florence  called  him  back  to  his 
native  State,  where  it  is  earnestly  hoped  he  may 
spend  the  rest  of  his  life,  lie  is  truly  a  great  and 
successful  worker,  and,  what  is  even  more  impor 
tant,  knows  how  to  set  his  people  to  work. 

He  has  missed  preaching  but  four  Sabbaths 
since  he  was  licensed,  except  when  attending  Con 
ventions  and  Associations,  lie  has  baptized  over 
50U  in  ten  years  ;  and  fourteen  Baptist  ministers 
have  arisen  from  his  churches. 

lie  was  clerk  of  the  Charleston  Association  eight 
years,  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  six,  and  of 
the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  two,  which  office 
he  now  fills. 

Gregory,  Rev.  Silas  B.,  was  the  youngest  of  a 
family  of  ten  children,  whose  father  was  for  sixty 


years  a  Baptist  deacon,  and  three  of  the  sons  entered 
the  ministry.      Silas  B.   was  born  at  Sand  Lake, 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  28,  1827.    His  mother  died  when  he  was 
eiirht  days  old.     Very  early  in  life  he  was  converted 
and  baptized,  and  gave  himself  to  the  work  of  the 
ministry  :  for  which  he  received  a  thorough  classical 
and  theological  education,  graduating  at  Madison 
University.     After  a  successful  pastorate  of  nine 
years  at  Little  Falls,  N.  Y.,  he  spent  one  year  at 
Portsmouth,   Va.,  and  was    pastor  three  years   at 
Nilcs,  Mich.     He  was  then  called  to  the  chair  of 
Theological    Instructor    at    Wayland    University, 
Washington,  which  he  filled  with  marked  ability. 
He    resigned    this    position    for   the   pastorate    at 
Whitesborough,  X.  Yr.,  where  in  two  years  he  bap 
tized  sixty  converts.      He  was  a  hard  worker,  and 
needing  rest  made  the  tour  of  Europe.     On  his  re 
turn   he  was   appointed  by  the  American  Baptist 
Home    Mission   Society  president  of  Leland  Uni 
versity,    New    Orleans,    and    proved   himself  emi 
nently  fitted   for  the   position.     He  retired  at  the 
end  of  two  years  for  the  purpose  of  representing 
the  society's  missionary  work,  as  secretary  for  New 
York  State  one  year,  which  was  followed  by  a  year's 
pastorate  at  Lansingburgh.  X.  Y.,  where  the  wife 
of  his  youth  (Miss  Martha  Iluntington)  died,      lie 
went  to  California,  and  after  four  years'  arduous 
and  successful  toil  as  pastor  of  the  Calvary  church, 
Sacramento,   he  died  May  7,   1880.     He   literally 
wore  himself  out  in  Christ's  service. 


URIAH    GREGORY.    ]>.!>. 


Gregory,  Uriah,  D.D.,  born  at  Sand   Lake, 
N.  Y.,  Oct.  4,  1823,  was  converted  and  baptized 


GRENELL 


475 


GRIPPING 


when  ten  years  old.  In  early  life  he  completed  the 
classical  course  at  the  Armenia  Seminary,  X.  Y., 
removed  to  Cincinnati,  continued  his  studies,  and 
taught  school  .several  years.  lie  founded  the  De 
troit  College  and  Commercial  Institute,  and  con 
ducted  it  several  years.  During  this  period  he 
studied  law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  Until 
1S70  he  continued  teaching  in  Michigan.  Ohio,  and 
Indiana  ;  but  early  convictions  of  duty  to  preach 
forced  him  to  give  his  life  to  that  work,  lie  was 
ordained  at  Hives,  Mich.,  preached  there  for  a  time, 
became  pastor  at  Leslie,  and  baptized  nearly  fifty 
during  his  first  year  in  the  ministry.  lie  then 
studied  theology  two  years,  graduated  at  Rochester, 
supplied  the  Pittsford  church  a  year,  and  was 
pastor  at  West  Henrietta  two  years,  both  churches 
having  revivals  under  his  labors.  For  the  benefit 
of  his  wife's  health  he  went  to  California  in  1875, 
where  she  soon  after  died,  greatly  beloved  by  all. 
lie  was  pastor  of  the  Fifth  church,  San  Francisco, 
two  years,  during  which  time  nearly  one  hundred 
were  added  to  it.  For  a  short  time  he  was  con 
nected  with  the  Ecamjel.  the  Baptist  paper  of  Cali 
fornia  ;  was  pastor  at  Santa  Rica  one  year,  when 
he  resigned  to  engage  in  Sunday-school  work,  and 
was  soon  after  called  to  the  presidency  of  Cali 
fornia  College,  over  whose  interests,  in  connection 
with  his  wife,  a  superior  teacher,  he  is  presiding 
with  increasing  favor.  In  1S70  he  received  the 
honorary  degree  of  D.I),  from  the  Baptist  college 
in  Arkansas. 

Grenell,  Rev.  Levi  0.,  was  born  at  Mount 
Salem,  X.  J.,  Jan.  1,  1821,  and  is  a  son  of  Rev.  Z. 
Grenell.  lie  pursued  a  full  course  at  Madison 
University,  and  graduated  from  the  theological  de 
partment  in  184'J.  He  was  ordained  at  Klbridge, 
X.  Y.,  and  went  as  a  missionary  to  San  Jose,  Cal.. 
in  1850.  After  spending  several  years  in  the  work  | 
on  the  Pacific  coast,  he  returned  East,  and  minis 
tered  successfully  in  Xew  York  and  Pennsylvania. 
In  1805  he  settled  in  Xew  Market,  X.  J.,  and  has 
been  pastor  of  the  Princeton  church  for  the  last 
seven  years.  The  University  of  Rochester  con-  ' 
f erred  on  him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  in  1855. 

Grenell,  Rev.  Zelotes,  was  born  in  Kortright. 
N.  Y.,  April  4,  17%;  was  converted  and  baptized 
when  fourteen;  was  ordained  August,  1819.  as 
pastor  of  the  Second  Wantage  church,  X.  J.  He 
has  been  pastor  of  several  churches  in  Xew  York 
State  and  city,  and  in  Xew  Jersey.  lie  has 
preached  over  12.000  sermons,  and  delivered  many  , 
temperance  addresses.  For  several  years  lie  has 
been  pastor  of  the  Third  church,  Paterson,  X.  J., 
where  his  preaching  commands  attention.  lie  is  ' 
the  oldest  Baptist  pastor  in  the  State  in  actual  ser 
vice.  On  his  eighty-fourth  birthday  he  was  visited 
by  a  number  of  his  friends,  and  was  congratu 
lated  on  his  viiror.  Father  Grenell  has  two  sons  in 


the  ministry.  He  has  been  celebrated  for  the  readi 
ness  with  which  any  text  or  subject  suggested  to 
him  falls  into  analytical  order,  so  that  he  can 
preach  from  it  in  a  few  minutes.  His  brethren  love 
to  test  him  on  this  point,  and  rarely  fail  to  elicit  a 
prompt,  original,  full  sketch. 

Gressett,  Rev.  A.,  editor  of  the  Southern  Jiiqi- 
tist,  Meridian.  Miss.,  was  born  in  Mississippi  in 
1829;  began  to  preach  in  lSf>8.  His  ministerial 
labors  have  been  chiefly  confined  to  country 
churches  located  in  the  counties  of  Laudordale, 
Newton,  and  Kemper,  Miss.  Hi;  began  the  publi 
cation  of  the  ftndlwrn  Baptist  in  187;>. 

Griffin,  G.  W.,  D.D.— This  talented  and  culti 
vated  brother  was  born  in  Southampton  Co..  A"a., 
May  9,  1827.  From  early  boyhood  he  had  deep 
religious  convictions,  but  did  not  make  a  profession 
of  religion  until  1843,  and  was  bapti/.ed  by  Rev. 
Putnam  Owen  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Black 
Creek  Baptist  church  in  1S44.  He  was  ordained 
to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry  by  the  Mill 
Swam})  church.  Elders  G.  W.  Owens  and  J.  K. 
Dougherty  acting  as  the  Presbytery.  He  imme 
diately  entered  upon  the  pastorate  of  said  church, 
which  he  served  half  his  time  for  five  years.  He 
became  the  pastor  of  the  church  in  Columbia, 
Tenn.,  in  1857,  where  he  remained  one  year,  since 
which  time  he  has  served  churches  at  important 
places  and  towns  with  great  acceptance.  He  is  now 
one  of  the  professors  in  the  Southwestern  Baptist 
University  at  Jackson.  Dr.  Griffin  is  regarded  ia 
literary  circles  as  one  of  our  best-educated  men, — 
excels  as  a  polemic,  and  is  an  aide  minister  of  the 
gospel,  with  the  highest  order  of  attainments. 

Griffin,  Rev.  J.  F.,  pastor  at  Selma.  Ark.,  was 
born  in  Missouri  in  1S41.  He  began  to  preach  iu 
1808.  Since  then  he  has  labored  in  Arkansas,  in. 
the  counties  of  Drew,  Chicot,  Ashley,  Bradley.  Dor- 
sey,  Desha,  and  Lincoln,  and  has  bapti/.ed  over  450' 
persons,  and  succeeded  in  erecting  a  beautiful  house 
of  worship  at  Sclma. 

Griffin,  Rev.  Richard,  was  born  in  Clintonr 
Conn.  His  first  pastorate  was  at  Granville,  Mass. 
In  ls:]!i  he  was  sent  by  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society  as  a  missionary  to  Wisconsin.  The 
Territory  was  then  a  wilderness,  and  Milwaukee  a 
small  village.  He  formed  the  first  Baptist  church 
in  the  State.  He  devoted  the  best  part  of  his  lif'o 
to  organizing  churches  and  preaching  the  gospel  in 
the  early  history  of  the  State.  His  last  years  were 
marked  by  great  suffering.  He  died  at  a  ripe  old 
age  in  the  peace  and  triumph  of  that  gospel  which 
he  had  so  long  preached. 

Griffing,  William,  a  prominent  Baptist  layman 
in  Southwestern  Mississippi  in  the  early  part  of  the 
present  century.  He  was  a  grandson  of  Rev.  Sam 
uel  Swayze,  the  founder  of  the  first  Protestant 
church  in  the  Natchez  country,  lie  was  born  in. 


GRIFFITH 


476 


GRIFFITH 


the  Territory  after  its  settlement.  He  at  first  united 
with  the  Methodists,  but  upon  investigation  his 
views  underwent  a  change  and  he  became  a  Bap 
tist.  He  took  an  active  part  in  all  the  movements 
of  the  Baptists.  Towards  the  close  of  his  life  he 
was  involved  in  the  troubles  growing  out  of  the 
discussion  of  anti-Masonry  and  Campbellism,  and 
for  a  time  withdrew  from  the  church,  but  he  was 
afterwards  restored,  and  to  the  close  of  his  long 
and  useful  life  abounded  in  every  good  word  and 
work. 

Griffith,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  born  in  Wales. 

Oct.  lii.  1088,  and  emigrated  to  America  in  1710. 
lie  was  bapti/.ed  May  12,  1711.  He  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  Montgomery  church,  Bucks  Co..  1'a.. 
Oct.  23.  1725,  and  remained  with  this  community 
till  his  death,  which  took  place  Oct.  f>,  1768. 

Mr.  Griffith  was  an  able  minister,  with  a  respect 
able  education.  lie  read  extensively  the  works  of 
the  great  Puritan  divines,  and  he  made  consider 
able  use  of  his  own  pen.  He  wrote  a  work  in 
''Vindication  of  the  Resurrection  of  the  Same 
Bodv,"  an  answer  to  ''  Simon  Butler's  Creed," 
and  a  refutation  of  a  pamphlet  called  '•  The  Divine 
Right  of  Infant  Baptism."  He  also  wrote  "  A  Trea 
tise  of  Church  Discipline,"  which  was  published 
with  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith,  and 
which  has  been  regarded  as  a  work  of  very  great 
merit.  Mr.  Griffith  was  among  the  foremost  Bap 
tist  ministers  in  his  day. 

Griffith,  Benjamin,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Juniata 
Co.,  Pa,,  Oct.  13,  1821  ;  was  converted  in  Balti 
more,  Md.,  and  was  baptized  in  November,  1839, 
by  Rev.  Stephen  P.  Hill,  of  Baltimore  ;  graduated 
from  Madison  University,  X.  Y.,  in  1846  ;  received 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  the  univer 
sity  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.  ;  was  ordained  in  1846, 
and  settled  as  missionary  in  Cumberland,  Md. 
Here  he  organized  a  church,  built  a  meeting-house, 
and  enjoyed  a  successful  pastorate  of  four  years. 
In  April,  1850.  he  settled  with  the  Xcw  Market 
Street  church  in  Philadelphia,  where  he  remained 
six  years.  During  this  pastorate  the  name  of  the 
New  Market  Street  church  was  changed  to  that 
of  Fourth  Baptist  church  of  Philadelphia,  and  a 
large  and  attractive  meeting-house  was  erected  at 
the  corner  of  Fifth  and  Buttonwood  Streets.  Here 
also  his  labors  were  abundantly  blessed,  and  many 
were  added  to  the  church.  On  Oct.  17,  1854,  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Crozer,  daughter  of 
the  late  John  P.  Crozer,  Esq. 

In  May,  1858,  he  became  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society.  To 
the  work  of  this  grand  denominational  enterprise 
he  has  given  the  best  years  and  energies  of  his  life, 
and  his  rare  adaptation  and  varied  talents  still  make 
him  a  tower  of  strength  to  the  society.  The  vast 
and  enlarging  successes  achieved  by  it  are  largely 


due  to  his  wonderful  administrative  abilities.  The 
entire  management  bears  the  impress  of  his  intense 
concentration  of  purpose  and  effort.  The  erection 
of  the  magnificent  and  unencumbered  building  now 


J1F.N.JAMIX    GRIFFITH,    I). I). 

occupied  by  the  society  at  1420  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  was  the  result  of  his  wise  counsel, 
unceasing  toil,  and  great  influence. 

Much  of  his  time  and  labor  has  been  given  to 
Sunday-school  work.  As  editor  of  the  YI>UH</ 
Jtci/i>cr,  one  of  the  Sunday-school  periodicals  of  the 
Publication  Society,  he  has  cheered  many  youthful 
hearts  with  the  gospel  tidings ;  and  as  a  Bible-class 
teacher  in  churches  with  which  he  has  been  con 
nected  he  has  been  instrumental  in  making  others 
wise  unto  salvation.  He  is  a  gifted  preacher,  a 
wise  counselor,  a  "  faithful  steward,"  and  one  of 
the  ablest  and  most  popular  secretaries  any  society 
ever  had. 

Griffith,  Capt.  H.  P.,  was  born  in  Lanrens  Dis 
trict,  S.  C.,  about  1835:  baptized  in  1800  by  Dr. 
J.  P.  Boyce,  and  educated  at  Furman  University. 

In  1872,  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  many 
leading  citizens,  he  opened  a  high  school  at  Wood 
ruff,  Spartanburg  Co.,  five  miles  from  his  native 
place.  Several  families  moved  in  to  educate  their 
children,  others  boarded.  The  school  ran  up  to 
75  or  80  scholars,  sometimes  nearly  100.  It  con 
tinued  to  flourish  for  three  years,  when  his  health 
compelled  him  to  resign. 

The  school  at  once  began  to  decline,  and  at  the 
end  of  the  second  year  it  would  have  been  closed, 
but  his  health  having  improved  he  returned  in 


GRIFFITH 


477 


GRLVMEL 


February,  1880.  Prosperity  came  with  him.  The 
place  has  grown  from  half  a  dozen  houses  to  quite 
a  flourishing  village.  Families  are  yet  moving  in 
to  educate  their  children,  business  of  all  kinds  is 
improving,  the  whole  community  is  flourishing, 
and  all  from  the  influence  of  the  school. 

lie  was  a  captain  in  the  late  war,  and  is  yet  held 
in  high  esteem  by  the  men  of  his  former  command. 
lie  was  shot  through  the  feet  in  the  battle  of  the 
Wilderness,  and  the  surgeons  thought  he  would 
lose  one  or  both.  But  he  suffers  little  or  no  incon 
venience  from  them  no\v.  "  Whatsoever  the  king 
(David)  did  pleased  the  people.''  David  was  the 
representative  of  a  class,  and  Capt.  Griffith  belongs 
to  the  class  who  are  born  to  "  please  the  people.'' 

Griffith,  Rev.  R.  H.,  was  born  in  Henrico  Co., 
Va.,  Oct.  7,  1825;  baptized  when  thirteen  by  Rev. 
Eli  Ball ;  spent  a  year  at  Richmond  College,  but 
took  his  degree  at  Columbian  College,  I).  C.,  in  1849; 
after  teaching  for  several  years  in  Pennsylvania, 
New  Jersey,  and  Virginia,  he  came  to  North  Caro 
lina,  as  a  missionary  of  the  State  Convention,  and 
labored  for  five  years,  when  he  was  called  to  Char 
lotte,  where  he  was  pastor  for  eleven  years.  For 
four  years  Mr.  Griffith  has  been  agent  of  the  South 
ern  Theological  Seminary,  in  North  Carolina  and 
Virginia,  and  a  good  one  he  is.  He  was  for  years 
the  moderator  of  the  South  Yadkin  Association. 

GriggS,  Samuel  C.,  the  Chicago  publisher,  so 
well  known  bv  his  imprint  upon  a  large  variety  of 
widely  circulated  books,  was  born  in  Tolland,  Conn., 
July  20,  1819.  While  he  was  yet  a  boy  the  family 
removed  to  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  where,  at  the  au'e  of 
eighteen,  he  was  converted,  and  was  baptized  by 
Rev.  Jacob  Knapp.  After  a  three  years'  course  at 
the  Hamilton  Seminary,  he  taught  the  academy  in 
that  village  one  year,  but  preferring  a  business 
career,  purchased  a  book-store  in  the  place,  and 
began  the  line  of  trade  in  which  he  has  since  won 
such  distinguished  success.  In  1848,  Mr.  Griggs  j 
removed  to  Chicago.  That  city  has  since  been  his 
home.  Resuming  the  book-trade  there,  at  first 
upon  a. moderate  scale,  he  prosecuted  it  with  such 
enterprise  and  tact,  steadily  enlarging,  that  his  es 
tablishment  became  for  strangers  an  interesting 

~  O 

feature  of  the  young  city  in  its  marvelous  growth. 
In  a  few  years  his  book-store  had  become  the  : 
largest  in  this  country.  On  one  occasion,  Mr.  An 
thony  Trollope,  the  novelist,  visiting  the  store,  ex 
pressed  his  great  surprise  at  its  dimensions,  and 
the  completeness  of  the  literary  assortment,  de 
claring  that  while  he  had  visited  numerous  simi 
lar  establishments  in  England  and  on  the  Conti 
nent,  he  had  seen  none  which  equaled  it  in  the 
particulars  named.  Mr.  Griggs  was  the  first  book 
seller  to  introduce  theological  works  in  Chicago, 
the  first  also  to  offer  the  public  costly  imported 
books  with  rich  artistic  embellishments,  and  the 


first  Western  publisher  who  succeeded  in  gaining 
for  a  Western  book  extended  circulation.  Three 
times  Mr.  Griggs  has  been  burned  out.  On  the 
last  occasion  of  this  kind,  in  1871,  the  loss  was 
so  heavy,  and  his  health  had  become  so  much 
impaired,  that  he  determined  to  change  the  char 
acter  of  his  business.  lie  has  since  devoted  him 
self  to  publishing  exclusively,  and  in  this  line  has 
been  the  means  of  bringing  before  the  American 
public  a  large  number  of  excellent  books.  Editions 
of  classical  works  for  use  in  colleges,  prepared  by 
such  scholars  as  Prof.  Boise,  of  Chicago,  and  Profs. 
Jones  and  D'Ooge,  of  Ann  Arbor,  have  gained  a 
wide  popularity.  The  writings  of  Prof.  Win. 
Matthews  are  known  and  valued  in  every  part  of 
the  land,  as  well  as  over  the  seas.  Other  authors 
of  distinction  have  been  glad  to  avail  themselves 
of  the  well-known  good  taste  as  publishers,  and  en 
terprise  and  energy  in  pushing  books,  of  the  firm 
of  S.  C.  Griggs  &  Co.  The  business  in  this  form 
has  grown  to  be  a  large  one  ;  the  number  of  books 
made  yearly  exceeding  90.000.  It  is  felt  by  literary 
people  in  the  West  that  Mr.  Griggs  has  rendered 
a  great  service  to  the  cause  of  good  literature  and 
of  culture  in  his  section  of  the  country  ;  a  service 
which  is  cordially  appreciated  and  acknowledged. 
He  is  a  valued  and  useful  member  of  the  First  Bap 
tist  church,  Chicago. 

Grimmel,  Rev.  J.  C.,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Marburg,  Germany,  May  30,  1847.  His  father  was 
one  of  the  first  persons  baptized  by  Mr.  Oncken  in 
that  place,  a  godly  man.  who  endured  severe  perse 
cution  for  his  faithful  adherence  to  the  truth.  The 
example  and  influence  of  such  a  man  must  have 
been  a  blessing  for  the  son.  The  father  finally 
left  his  native  land,  and  coming  to  America,  settled 
with  his  family  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  where  through 
his  efforts  a  German  Baptist  church  was  organized. 
His  son  was  converted  and  baptized  into  the  fellow 
ship  of  that  church  Jan.  29.  1861.  Early  in  life 
young  Grimmel  felt  himself  called  to  the  work  of 
the  ministry.  He  pursued  his  studies  at  Rochester, 
N.  Y.,  and  graduated  from  the  German  depart 
ment  of  Rochester  Theological  Seminary  in  1866. 
In  the  year  following  he  became  pastor  of  the 
First  German  church,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  In  the 
year  1873  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
German  church,  Brooklyn,  E.  D.  Mr.  Grimmel 
was  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Mifarbeiter,  an 
illustrated  German  monthly,  from  1874  to  1879. 
As  a  preacher,  Mr.  Grimmel  has  been  successful 
in  leading  many  souls  to  Christ.  He  is  a  talented 
speaker,  able  to  draw  and  instruct  delighted  hearers. 
In  the  general  work,  he  occupies  positions  of  trust 
and  responsibility  in  the  Missionary  Committee  of 
the  Eastern  German  Baptist  Conference,  and  in  the 
School  Committee,  which  has  charge  of  the  interests 
of  theological  training  in  the  German  ministry. 


47  S 


GHOXK 


Grimsley,  Rev.  Barnet,  was  born  in  Culpeper 
Co.,  Vu.,  I'ec.  15,  IS07.     At  nine  years  of  age  he 
entered  school  under  tlie  care  of  .Mr.  B.  Wood,  and 
remained  during  portions  of  four  years.      At  this 
early  age  young  Grimsley  was  rciuarkablG  for  the 
strength  of  his  memory,  having,  wlien  about  twelve 
years  of  au;e,  at  one  of  the  school  commencements, 
declaimed  from  memory  alone  an  entire  sermon  on 
the    liein--   and    Perfections    of  God.      Until   about 
eighteen   lit;  assisted  his  father  in  his  farm-work, 
devoting  all  his  spare  moments  to  reading  and  the 
improvement  of  his  mind.       His  hooks  were  in   a 
threat  measure  committed  to  memory.     At  the  age 
of  twenty  lie  chose  as  his  life-work  the  occupation  of 
milling,  and  with  his  characteristic  energy  he  was 
soon  at   the  very  head  of  that  business.       In   No 
vember,  1831,  he  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Win.  F. 
Uroaddus,  and  united  with  the  Mount  Salem  church. 
His  aptness  for  teaching  was  so  marked   that  his 
brethren  advised  him  to  enter  the  ministry,  and  the 
church,  in  October,  1832,  licensed  him   to  preach. 
In  -June,  1833.  he  was  appointed  by  the  General  As 
sociation  to  labor  in  the  valley  of  Virginia.     At  this 
point  he  relinquished  the  occupation  of  milling,  in 
which  he  had  been  so  successful,  and  entered  upon 
his  real  life-work,  the  preaching  of  the  gospel.     lie 
soon  gathered  a  small  bund  of  believers,  organized 
a  church  at  Cedar  Creek,  and  on  Nov.  25,  1833,  was 
ordained  to  the  ministry  and  became  their  pastor. 
After  two  years    of    successful    labor   under    the 
patronage  of  the  General  Baptist   Association  he 
resigned   his   position   as   missionary   and   became 
pastor  of  the   Liberty   and   New  Salem   churches. 
In  January  of  1836  he  became  pastor  of  Bethear 
and  Rapidan  churches,  the  latter  of  which  he  was 
obliged  to  resign  on  account  of  the  inconvenience 
of  meeting  with  them.     In  September  of  1833  he 
assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  Salem   Union 
Association.     In  1856  he  took  a  prominent  part  in 
the  uniting  of  that  Association  with  the  Columbia, 
from   which  sprang  the  present   Potomac  Associ 
ation.     On  the  retiring  of  Dr.  W.  F.  Broaddus,  in 
1840,  from  the  pastorate  of  Bethel  church,  Clarke 
Co.,  Mr.  Grimsley  became  the  pastor  of  it  and    of 
Long  Branch  church,  resigning  his  care  of  Cedar 
Creek   and   Liberty.     His   ministry   here,   as  else 
where,  was  eminently  successful,  the  church  being 
greatly  enlarged  in  numbers  and  strengthened  in 
influence.     In  1848,  after  a  thirteen  years'  pastorate 
at  New  Salem,  he  resigned    and   took   charge   of 
Pleasant  Vale,  Fauquier  Co.,  succeeding  the  emi 
nent  Ogilvie.      In    1852,  after  a  seventeen   years' 
pastorate  at  Bethear,  and  twelve  at  Long  Branch, 
he  resigned,  and  devoted  all  his  time  to  Bethel  and 
Pleasant  Vale  churches,   still  preaching,  however, 
during  the  week,   at  Woodville.     In  1854  he  was 
called  to  preach  to  the  newly-constituted  church  at 
Flint  Hill,  which  he  did  during  the  week.     In  1860 


he  took  charge  of  the  Mount  Salem  church,  re 
signing  AVoodville,  where  lie  had  labored  for  six 
years.  In  1865  his  labors  were  such  that  he  was 
compelled  to  resign  the  care  of  Bethel,  where  he 
had  preached  to  vast  multitudes  for  a  quarter  of  a 
century,  and  Pleasant  Vale,  where  he  had  labored 
for  seventeen  years,  and  he  became  pastor  of  the 
•Jeffersonton  and  Gourd  Vine  churches,  which  re 
quired  much  less  physical  labor  in  the  way  of 

rseback-riding,  etc.  He  still  serves  these  two 
churches,  being  abundant  in  labors  and  eminent 
in  success. 

Mr.  Grimslev  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  men 
in  the  denomination  in  Virginia.  As  a  preacher 
he  has  had  but  few  equals.  His  reasoning  is  clear, 
consecutive,  and  closely  logical:  his  language 
choice,  chaste,  and  weighty  ;  his  descriptive  power 
remarkably  vivid  ;  and  his  manner  earnest  and  im 
pressive.  As  a  clear  thinker  and  ready  debater  it 
is  not  too  much  to  say  that  lie  had  no  equal  in  the 
local  Association  to  which  he  belonged,  while  as  a 
speaker  on  the  platform  or  in  the  pulpit  he  had  in 
the  same  field  no  compeer.  He  was  the  friend  and 
advocate  of  all  good  movements,  missions,  Sunday- 
schools,  temperance,  education,  church  extension  -, 
and  when  the  pernicious  doctrine  of  Antinomian- 
ism  rested  like  a  blight  over  the  valley  of  Virginia, 
Mr.  Grimsley  lent  the  strong  powers  of  his  mind, 
heart,  and  body  to  the  destruction  of  the  heresy. 
His  labors,  united  to  those  of  Dr.  Win.  F.  Broad 
dus,  revolutionized  the  views  of  thousands,  not 
only  in  the  churches,  but  also  out  of  the  churches, 
of  the  most  influential  families  in  Clarke,  Fauquier, 
and  adjacent  counties,  and  multitudes  have  arisen 
to  call  him  blessed.  When  in  the  vigor  of  life 
nearly  one-fourth  of  his  time  was  spent  in  horse 
back-riding  between  his  home  and  his  churches. 
Exposure  made  "him  seem  older  than  he  really  was, 
and  yet  with  the  infirmities  of  threescore  years  and 
ten  upon  him  he  preaches  the  unsearchable  riches 
of  Christ  with  much  of  the  vigor,  impressiveness, 
and  eloquence  of  his  earlier  days.  Mr.  Grimsley 
is  perhaps  the  only  surviving  minister  in  Virginia 
of  that  eminent  circle  of  Baptist  preachers  that 
gave  such  celebrity  to  the  Culpeper  Baptist  camp- 
meeting  gatherings,  in  which  Ryland,  Jeter,  Bur 
rows,  Poindexter,  Taylor,  and  others  engaged  and 
accomplished  so  much  good. 

Grose,  Rev.  Henry  L.,  was  born  at  Minden. 
Montgomery  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept,  26,  1816.  He  early 
pursued  a  classical  course,  and  at  the  age  of  seven 
teen  began  the  study  of  medicine  while  editing  a 
newspaper.  Being  converted  soon  after,  he  was 
baptized  at  Owego,  entered  Oneida  Institute,  and 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Whitesborough 
church,  C.  P.  Sheldon,  pastor.  He  was  ordained 
at  West  Danby,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  7.  1841,  and  held  pas 
torates  at  Danby,  Ithaca,  Coxsackie,  Athens,  North 


GROSER 


479 


GUBELMANN 


East,  Galway.  and  Mannsville,  whore  his  hoalth 
failed  so  completely  in  1X00  that  he  resigned  and 
purchased  the  Hallstini  Journal,  of  which  he  is  still 
editor  and  publisher.  Leaving  much  of  his  business 
care  to  his  sons,  he  has  preached  as  supply  at  Burnt 
Hills,  Saugerties,  Saratoga,  Middle  drove,  and 
once  leaving  his  native  State,  was  pastor  for  six 
years  at  Ilydeville.  Vt..  and  has  been  pastor  of  the 
old  Stone  church.  Milton,  since  1S7S.  Thus  fin- 
forty  years  has  Mr.  Grose  been  a  faithful  minister 
of  Christ,  and  during  intervals  of  broken  health 
has  filled  many  other  positions  of  trust,  and  made 
various  contributions  to  Baptist  literature.  His 
oldest  daughter  is  the  wife  of  J.  A.  Smith,  D.D.. 
editor  of  the  Standard,  of  Chicago  :  his  oldest  son 
is  engaged  in  printing  in  Chicago;  two  sons  con 
duct  the  Bnllxton  Journal;  and  one  son,  II.  B. 
Grose,  a  graduate  of  Rochester  University,  is  on 
the  staff  of  the  Examiner. 

Groser,  Rev.  William,  editor  of  the  English 
Baptist  Magazine  from  1838  to  1856.  was  born  Aug. 
12,  17',' I,  in  London.  His  parents  then  belonged 
to  the  Eagle  Street  church.  Some  years  later  his 
father  was  licensed  to  preach  by  that  church,  and 
removed  to  Watford  to  take  charge  of  the  Baptist 
congregation  there.  Mr.  Groser  assisted  his  father 
for  a  long  time  in  the  management  of  a  flourishing 
school.  Being  a  diligent  student  he  made  consid 
erable  progress  in  his  studies,  and  his  conversion 
when  he  was  about  nineteen  led  him  to  devote 
himself  to  theological  reading.  He  began  to  preach 
in  1S11,  and  was  invited  to  become  pastor  of  the 
church  at  Princes  Risborough  in  IS] 3.  Here  he 
labored  with  much  usefulness  until  1811),  when  lie 
removed  to  Battle,  in  Sussex,  and  in  the  following 
year  settled  at  Maidstone,  in  which  pastorate  he 
remained  nineteen  years,  until  his  removal  to  Lon 
don.  He  occupied  himself  in  editing  the  Baptist 
Mai/az/ue  and  in  other  literary  engagements.  In 
1x48  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Chelsea  Bap- 
ti*t  church,  from  which  he  retired  to  assume  the 
duties  of  secretary  of  the  Irish  Society  in  1851. 
His  laborious  and  useful  life  was  ended  Aug.  f», 
1856.  Mr.  Groser's  services  to  the  denomination 
were  enthusiastically  rendered  and  highly  esteemed. 
His  painstaking  discharge  of  editorial  duties  spoke 
for  itself,  whilst  his  gentleness  of  spirit,  Christian 
courtesy,  and  many  personal  excellencies  endeared 
him  to  a  very  wide  circle  of  friends. 

Gubelmann,  Rev.  J.  S.,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Berne,  Switzerland,  Nov.  27,  1830.  He  received 
his  early  training  from  his  grandfather,  a  missionary 
among  the  Pietists.  In  the  meetings,  and  under 
the  influence  of  the  Pietists,  he  received  lasting 
impressions.  In  1848  he  followed  his  parents  to 
the  United  States,  and  lived  with  them  in  New 
York.  The  next  year,  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  he 
was  converted  and  baptized,  becoming  a  member 


of  the  First  German  Baptist  church.  Subsequently 
be  lived  some  time  in  Ohio  with  his  grandparents, 
his  grandfather  having  accepted  the  charge  of  a 
German  Reformed  church  in  Monroe  Co.,  0.  Feel- 


ing  convinced  that  the  Lord  had  called  him  to 
preach  his  gospel,  on  coming  back  to  New  York  he 
was  among  the  first  German  students  who  were  sent 
to  the  theological  seminary  at  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Taking  a  full  course,  he  graduated  from  the  Uni 
versity  of  Rochester  in  1858,  and  from  the  Roches 
ter  Theological  Seminary  two  years  later.  From 
1860  to  1862,  Mr.  Gubelmann  labored  successfully 
as  pastor  of  the  German  church  at  Louisville,  Ky.  ; 
from  1862  to  1868  he  was  pastor  of  the  German 
church  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.  During  his  pastorate 
there  a  new  and  commodious  house  of  worship 
was  erected,  at  a  cost  of  some  $30,000,  of  which  a 
large  amount  was  immediately  collected.  In  1868 
he  took  charge  of  the  First  German  church  in  Phil 
adelphia,  Pa.,  where  he  is  still  laboring. 

Mr.  Gubelmann  stands  foremost  among  the 
German  ministers  as  a  preacher.  His  superior 
gifts  have  been  recognized  among  American 
churches  and  ministers  wherever  they  have  become 
acquainted  with  him.  lie  is  a  thorough  Bible  stu 
dent,  and  while  his  sermons  (are  polished  and  schol 
arly,  their  greatest  beauty  is  their  evangelical  sim 
plicity.  His  remarkable  talents,  combined  with 
his  amiable  disposition  and  childlike  piety,  have 
made  him  everywhere  very  successful.  Hundreds 
have  been  given  him  as  fruits  of  his  labors.  His 
great  longing  has  always  been  for  souls.  The 


GUILD 


480 


GUXN 


church  at  Philadelphia  has  been  specially  blessed, 
and  a  second  flourishing  German  church,  and  also 
a  mission,  have  been  organized. 

By  his  counsels  and  labors  Mr.  Gubelmann  has 
rendered  valuable  service  to  the  general  cause,  and 
his  name  will  always  be  inseparably  connected  with 
the  history  of  the  German  Baptist  Mission  in  this 
country.  He  is  one  of  the  managers  of  the  Amer 
ican  Baptist  Publication  Society,  and  his  standing 
in  Philadelphia  among  its  fifty-six  Baptist  pastors 
is  highly  creditable  to  his  gifts  and  his  grace. 

Guild,  Reuben  Aldridge,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 

West  Dedham,  Mass.,  May  4,  1822,  and  was  fitted 
for  college  at  the  Baptist  Academy  in  Worcester. 
lie  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  1847,  and  was 
appointed  librarian  of  hisalma  muter  in  1S48,  which 
office  he  now  holds.  .During  the  thirty-three  years 
of  his  connection  with  the  library  he  has  watched 
its  growth,  and  in  many  ways  contributed  to  it, 
until  he  has  seen  it  transferred  from  its  straitened 
quarters  in  Manning  Hall  to  the  elegant  building 
recently  erected  for  its  reception  by  the  munificence 
of  the  late  Hon.  John  Carter  Brown.  Dr.  Guild 
has  found  time,  amid  his  numerous  and  pressing 
duties,  to  prepare  and  publish  several  works  of  great 
worth.  Among  them  an;  his  "Librarian's  Man 
ual,"  "  Life,  Times,  and  Correspondence  of  James 
Manning,"  and  "  The  Early  History  of  Brown 
University,  a  Biographical  Introduction  to  the 
Writings  of  Roger  Williams."  In  addition  to  these 
works,  he  has  published  an  elegant  edition  of  a  full 
and  exhaustive  '•  History  of  Brown  University." 
Few  men  in  the  Baptist  denomination  have  rendered 
it  such  valuable  services  as  Dr.  Reuben  A.  Guild. 
As  a  writer  of  history  about  our  distinguished  men, 
and  our  first  American  college,  he  is  without  an 
equal  among  the  living,  and  with  very  few  among 
the  dead. 

Guirey,  Rev.  George,  of  French  Huguenot 
descent,  pastor  of  Trinity  Baptist  church,  Oak 
land,  Cal.,  was  born  at  Princeton,  Ind.,  Jan.  5, 
1842 ;  at  the  age  of  seven,  on  the  death  of  his 
mother,  he  was  placed  under  an  Episcopalian  guar 
dian,  and  did  not  see  his  father  afterwards  until  lie 
had  entered  the  ministry.  lie  was  baptized  at  six 
teen,  and  joined  the  Little  Union  Baptist  church, 
in  Missouri.  Studied  at  Bethel  College,  Ky.,  and 
was  two  years  in  Spurgeon's  College,  London,  Eng 
land.  During  the  war  he  joined  the  Union  army 
for  the  defense  of  Frankfort,  Ky.  He  lias  spent 
fifteen  years  as  pastor  at  West  Troy.  N.  Y.,  Chelsea, 
Mass.,  Newark,  X.  J..  and  Oakland.  Cal.  lie  has 
been  blessed  with  many  conversions  ;  is  an  extem 
pore  preacher,  and  impresses  his  hearers  with  a 
conviction  that  he  believes  what  he  proclaims. 
He  is  a  writer  of  considerable  vivacity,  and  is 
author  of  a  book,  entitled  "  Deacon  Cranky,"  a  plea 
for  greater  spirituality  in  Christians. 


Gulley,  Orrin  S.,  was  an  apprentice  in  a  print 
ing-office  in  Detroit,  became  early  a  member  of  the 
church,  and  in  it  was  ever  faithful.  When  but 
eighteen  he  was  the  first  printer  of  the  Mic.hiijan 
Christian  Jferuld,  and  either  alone,  or  in  company 
with  Mr.  Allen,  he  was  its  printer  or  publisher 
until  it  left  Detroit,  in  1802;  more  than  twenty 
years  of  steady  application  and  good  judgment 
made  his  business  yield  him  wealth  :  but.  where 
others  become  haughty,  he  remained  the  plain,  in 
dustrious  man,  using  his  means  in  generous  gifts 
to  deserving  objects.  He  prosecuted  business  in 
the  interest  of  those  whom  he  employed,  as  well  as 
in  his  own,  and  he  is  lovingly  remembered  by  them, 
though  sleeping  in  his  grave.  Ever  pleasant,  pa 
tient,  and  kind,  the  Sunday-school,  the  mission  in 
terests,  the  charities  of  the  city,  and  all  the  denomi 
national  interests  in  the  State,  miss  him  as  one  of 
the  best  of  the  Lord's  servants  and  stewards.  His 
death  occurred  in  1878. 

Gunn,  Rev.  Radford,  was  born  in  Virginia. 
May  lo,  1797.  At  an  early  period  in  his  life  his 
parents  removed  to  Georgia,  and  settled  in  Ogle- 
thorpo  County.  In  182U  he  was  converted  and 
joined  County  Line  church,  in  Oglethorpe  County. 
His  conversion  was  bright,  clear,  and  joyous,  "  like 
a  blaze  of  sunshine  at  midnight."  With  his  heart 
overflowing  with  joy,  he  left  his  work  and  went 
among  his  neighbors,  telling  them  what  great 
things  God  had  done  for  him.  Not  long  afterwards 
he  preached  his  first  sermon  from  Rom.  i.  15.  He 
had  a  powerful  memory,  which  enabled  him  to 
retain  whatever  he  heard.  He  was  ordained  in 
1822,  arid  for  forty  years  afterwards  was  an  active, 
earnest,  laborious  preacher,  very  popular  and  in 
fluential,  and  in  great  demand  as  a  pastor  among 
the  churches,  the  most  prominent  of  which  in  his 
reach  were  glad  to  secure  his  services,  and  during 
his  ministerial  career  he  filled  many  pastorates  in 
Oglethorpe,  Taliaferro,  Hancock,  Warren.  Lincoln. 
Columbia,  and  other  counties,  and  always  with 
success,  for  he  was  a  most  earnest  and  zealous 
worker.  Those  whose  spiritual  interests  were 
committed  to  his  care  were  daily  in  his  prayers, 
his  sympathies,  and  his  affections,  and  he  watched 
over  their  welfare  tenderly,  seeking  to  promote 
their  happiness  and  usefulness. 

He  was  a  very  effective  and  earnest  preacher,  his 
style  being  didactic,  rather  than  hortatory.  Un 
folding  his  subject  systematically  and,  frequently, 
with  considerable  logical  effect,  he  would  warm  up 
as  he  proceeded,  and  at  times  would  burst  into  an 
impassioned  strain  of  oratory  that  would  stir  the 
feelings  of  his  audience  profoundly.  His  aim  al 
ways  was  to  present  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus, 
and  his  preaching  was  often  followed  by  powerful 
effects  ;  Christians  were  made  to  rejoice  in  the  hope 
of  glory,  and  sinners  were  made  to  weep  over  their 


GURNEY 


481 


GWALTNEY 


sins.  Under  God,  lie  was  instrumental  in  the  sal 
vation  of  hundreds,  while  many  Christians  were 
strengthened  and  encouraged  in  the  discharge  of 
their  duties. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  Iladford  Gunn  was 
a  remarkable  man.  lie  possessed  uncommon  tal 
ents.  In  his  community  he  was  a  leading  man  ; 
and  in  his  Association,  the  Georgia,  he  wielded  a 
strong  influence.  He  was  a  thorough  Baptist,  and 
all  who  knew  him  could  bear  witness  to  his  many 
personal  excellences.  Rigidly  honest  and  unflinch 
ingly  bold,  he  avowed  his  opinions  on  any  subject 
and  under  any  circumstances;  still  he  was  not  ob 
trusive.  He  was  generous  to  a  fault,  and  he 
deemed  nothing  he  had  too  good  for  his  friends. 

He  spent  a  large  part  of  the  years  1862  and  1863 
in  the  Virginia  army,  in  evangelistic  and  chari 
table  labors,  breaking  down  his  health  and  con 
tracting  the  disease  which  ended  his  life.  Unable 
to  preach  or  do  anything  for  his  Master  except 
exercise  the  grace  of  patience  under  suffering,  he 
would  frequently  exclaim,  "  And  now,  Lord,  what 
wait  I  for?  My  hope  is  in  thee."  "Lord,  on 
thee  do  I  wait  all  the  day."  '•  Now,  lettosfc  thou 
thy  servant  depart  in  peace,  according  to  thy  word, 
for  mine  eyes  have  seen  thy  salvation."  When 
death  did  come  he  welcomed  it  with  manifest  jov  ; 
for  his  soul  longed  to  escape  from  its  crumblin"- 
tabernacle  of  clay.  His  work  on  earth  was  done, 
and  he  was  anxious  to  depart  and  be  with  Christ. 
He  died  at  his  residence  in  Warren  Co.,  Ga.,  June 
15,  1866.  His  death  was  a  very  easy  one,  for  he 
passed  away  as  one  falling  into  a  sweet  and  peace 
ful  sleep. 
Gurney,  William  Brodie,  was  born  in  London 

in  1778.  His  father  being  a  deacon  of  the  Maze 
Pond  church,  he  became  acquainted  in  early  life 
with  the  original  members  of  the  Baptist  Mission 
ary  Society,  and  delighted  them  by  the  interest  ho 
manifested  in  the  missionary  enterprise.  He  fol 
lowed  his  father's  profession,  stenography,  and  at 
tained  to  such  distinguished  excellence  in  that  art 
that  at  an  early  age  he  was  appointed  short-hand 
writer  to  the  House  of  Lords,  a  lucrative  office, 
which  enabled  him  to  give  large  sums  for  missionary 
and  benevolent  purposes.  He  took  a  leading  part 
in  the  organization  and  direction  of  the  Sunday- 
School  Union,  and  liberally  stimulated  the  produc 
tion  of  a  distinctive  Sunday-school  literature.  This 
great  and  useful  institution  was  in  a  large  measure 
his  creation.  The  Baptist  Missionary  Society  was 
also  greatly  indebted  to  his  enterprise  and  munifi 
cence  for  its  present  strength.  As  its  treasurer  for 
many  years  the  duties  of  his  office  were  no  mere 
matters  of  finance.  He  took  the  liveliest  interest  in 
all  the  efforts  of  the  society,  and  especially  set  him 
self  to  the  development  of  a  spirit  of  liberality 
towards  evangelistic  work  at  home  and  abroad.  His 


example  and  influence  produced  a  happy  effect, 
which  he  lived  to  see.  He  died  in  London,  March 
25,  1855,  aged  seventy-seven. 

Guthrie,  Hon.  James,  an  eminent  lawyer, 
statesman,  and  capitalist,  was  born  in  Nelson  Co., 
Ky.,  Dec.  5,  1792.  He  was  educated  at  Bards- 
town,  and  studied  law  under  the  distinguished 
Judge  John  Rowan.  He  established  himself  in 
practice  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  1820.  Though  not 
a  communicant  in  any  church,  he  was  a  Baptist  in 
sentiment,  and  attended  Walnut  Street  Baptist 
church,  with  his  family,  all  of  whom  became  emi 
nently  useful  members  of  this  church,  lie  quickly 
established  an  extensive  reputation  as  a  lawyer, 
and  acquired  property  with  great  rapidity.  AVas 
elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the  Kentucky  Legis 
lature  in  1827  ;  was  in  the  Kentucky  senate  from 
1831  to  1840,  and  in  1849  was  president  of  the 
convention  that  formed  the  present  State  constitu 
tion  ;  was  Secretary  of  the  U.  S.  Treasury  from 
1853  to  1857,  and  in  1865  was  elected  U.  S.  Senator, 
which  position  he  resigned  in  1868,  on  account  of 
declining  health.  From  I860  to  1868  he  was  presi 
dent  of  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad.  Be 
sides  these,  he  held  many  other  prominent  posi 
tions  of  trust  and  honor.  He  was  a  man  of  superior 
business  qualifications,  and  was  said  to  have  be 
come  the  wealthiest  man  in  his  State.  He  died  in 
Louisville,  March  13,  1869. 
Gwaltney,  Luther  Rice,  D.D.,  the  son  of  Rev. 

James  L.  Gwaltney,  was  born  in  Isle  of  Wight  Co., 
Ya..  and  is  now  about  fifty  years  of  age.  In  early 
life  lie  received  a  thorough  collegiate  education, 
graduating  with  distinction  from  Columbian  Uni 
versity,  Washington,  1).  C.,  thence  he  went  forth  as 
an  ambassador  of  the  Cross.  Where  his  first  pastor 
ate  was  is  not  known  to  the  writer  of  this  sketch. 
He  was  called  from  Murfreesborough,  N.  C.,  in  1857, 
to  take  charge  of  the  church  in  Edgefield  village, 
South  Carolina,  where  he  labored  with  great  fidelity 
and  success  for  eleven  years,  both  in  his  pastorate 
and  in  the  educational  interests  of  the  communitv. 
In  1868  he  left  Edgefield  and  took  charge  of  the 
church  in  the  city  of  Koine,  Ga.,  where  he  remained 
for  eight  years.  Here  he  worked  with  the  most 
constant  zeal  in  the  ministry,  in  the  temperance 
cause,  and  in  the  interests  of  education,  bearing  a 
prominent  part  in  the  founding  of  Shorter  Female 
College.  In  1876  he  was  called  to  the  presidency 
of  the  Judson  Female  Institute,  in  Marion,  Ala., 
where  he  now  labors  with  great  acceptance.  With 
the  highest  culture,  a  dignified  and  graceful  ap 
pearance,  a  pure  life  and  deep  piety,  the  best 
kind  of  sense,  and  fine  scholarly  attainments,  an 
earnest  worker  and  an  able  preacher,  Dr.  Gwaltney 
has  proven  himself  a  success  wherever  he  has  been 
tried.  He  has  the  art  of  endearing  himself  in  the 
lasting  affections  of  his  people.  His  alma  mater  in 


GU'ALTXKY 


4N2 


HACKETT 


Washington  conferred  the  degree  of  D.D.  upon 
liini  a  lew  years  since,  as  a  iit  tribute  to  his  dis 
tinguished  merit,  lie  is  one  of  cur  most  valuable 
men,  and  would  he  a  leading  man  in  any  com 
munity. 

Gwaltney,  Rev.  W.  R.,  was  horn  in  Alexander 
To..  X.  ('..  in  1834;  graduated  at  Wake  Forest 
( 'o liege  ;  taught  in  Wilkes  and  Alexander  Counties; 
has  served  the  churches  of  Hillsborongh.  Chapel 
Hill.  Weeksvillo.  and  Winston,  and  is  now  the 
laborious  and  beloved  and  very  successful  pastor 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Raleigh.  Mr. 
Gwaltney  is  a  trustee  of  Wake  Forest  College. 

Gwin,  D.  W.,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  First  Bap 
tist  church,  of  Atlanta,  Gil.,  is  a  Virginian  by  birth, 
and  at  the  present  time  is  about  forty  years  of  age. 
lie  is  a  man  of  line  person  and  splendid  natural 
ahilities,  heightened  by  study  and  training.  To 
unusual  mental  powers  he  adds  eloquence,  grace 
of  action,  a  tint1  command  of  language,  and  large 
intellectual  acquirements.  He  graduated  at  Rich 
mond  College.  Va..  before  lie  was  twentv-one  years 
of  age.  80011  after  graduating  he  was  elected  Pro 
fessor  of  Ancient  Languages  hv  the  Brownwood 
Institute,  La  Grange,  Ga..  where  he  speedily  mani 
fested  his  proficiency  and  his  skill  as  an  instructor. 
To  an  intimate  knowledge  of  Greek  and  Latin, 
which  lie  has  studied  enthusiastically,  he  has  added 
an  acquaintance  with  Hebrew  since  graduating.  To 
learn  a  language  is  Avith  him  a  pastime,  and  he 
ranks  now  with  the  first  linguists  of  the  land  ;  and 
yet  philosophy  and  theology  are  his  favorite  studies. 
He  was  called  hy  the  Baptist  church  at  Rome,  Ga., 
and  was  there  ordained  in  1861.  Compelled  to 


leave  Rome  on  account  of  the  war,  he  moved  to 
Griffin.  Ga.,  and  took  charge  of  the  church  there, 
remaining  four  years,  during  which  lie  founded  and 
conducted  the  Griffin  High  School.  In  1S68  he  ac 
cepted  a  call  from  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Montgomery,  Ala.,  where  he  preached  with  distin 
guished  ability  and  eloquence  for  six  years.  He 
then  moved  to  Atlanta  and  assumed  his  present 
charge.  He  is  a  member  of  the  hoard  of  trustees 
for  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  and 
though  a  man  of  great  modesty  and  diffidence,  his 
worth  and  abilities  are  highly  appreciated  by  his 
brethren,  who  have  placed  him  upon  the  State 
Mission  Board,  situated  at  Atlanta.  His  wife  is  a 
daughter  of  the  distinguished  Dr.  R.  B.  C.  Ilowell, 
of  Xashville.  Tenn. 

Gwynn,  Hon.  W.,  is  a  native  of  Kentucky,  but 
has  been  in  Florida  many  years.  During  the  ad 
ministration  of  Gov.  Broome.  Mr.  Gwynn  was  a 
State-house  officer,  and  was  appointed  State  treas 
urer  on  the  election  of  Gov.  Drew,  which  important 
position  he  now  holds.  He  is  a  man  of  spotless 
character  and  incorruptible  integrity,  and  hence  is 
much  respected  by  the  masses  of  the  people  in  his 
adopted  and  beloved  State. 

Mr.  Gwynn  was  converted  under  the  ministry 
of  Dr.  E.  W.  Warren,  and  was  baptized  by  him  at 
Tallahassee.  He  took  an  active  interest  in  the 
Baptist  cause  there,  and  has  recently  labored  hard 
and  contributed  liberally  to  relieve  the  church 
property  of  an  embarrassing  debt,  and  to  repair  the 
house  of  worship  and  sustain  the  gospel.  Not 
easily  excited,  very  cautious  and  conservative,  sa 
gacious  and  discerning,  he  is  a  very  safe  adviser. 


H 


Hackett,  Prof.  H.  B.,  D.D.,  LL.D.— Horatio 
Balch  Hackett  was  born  in  Salisbury,  Mass.,  Dec. 
27,  180S.  The  Hackett  family  is  believed  to  be 
descended  from  the  Scotch  and  the  Danes.  Few 
of  the  name  emigrated  to  America.  During  the 
Revolution,  John  Ilackett,  grandfather  of  Horatio, 
superintended  the  building  at  Salisbury  of  the  Con 
tinental  frigate  "  Alliance."  His  maternal  grand 
father,  the  llev.  Benjamin  Balch,  was  chaplain  on 
the  same  ship.  Richard  Ilackett,  a  son  of  John, 
was  also  a  ship-builder,  and  married  Martha  Balch, 
a  daughter  of  the  clergyman  first  mentioned,  who 
was  settled  in  Harrington,  X.  II.  Horatio  was 
the  second  of  four  sons.  His  father  died  in  1814, 


at  the  early  age  of  thirty.  In  18'21  he  attended  the 
academy  at  Amesbury,  under  the  charge  of  Michael 
Walsh,  a  graduate  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
and  a  celebrated  teacher.  In  September,  1823,  he 
became  a  pupil  in  Phillips  Academy,  Andover, 
Mass.,  under  John  Adams.  Among  his  school 
mates  were  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  Ray  Palmer, 
D.D.,  Jonathan  F.  Steam,  D.D.,  Wm.  Newell, 
D.D.,  and  II.  A.  Homes,  LL.D.,  State  Librarian  at 
Albany,  X.  Y.  He  graduated  in  August,  1826, 
with  the  valedictory  address.  A  month  later  he 
was  admitted  to  Amherst  College.  It  was  while  a 
student  that  he  became  a  Christian.  He  united 
with  the  College  church  Nov.  2,  1828.  Having 


HACKE1T 


483 


HA CKKTT 


graduated  at  Amherst,  with  the  valedictory.  Mr. 
Hackott  roturnod  to  Andover  and  entered  the  theo 
logical  seminar}-.  At  the  end  of  his  first  year  in 
the  seminary  Mr.  Ilaekett  was  honored  with  an 


I'ROF.     If.    JJ.     1IACKKTT,    D.D.,    I.L.D. 

appointment  to  a  tutorship  in  the  college  which  he 
had  so  lately  left,  and  held  this  position  during  the 
year  1831-32.  He  then  returned  to  theological 
studies  at  Andover,  pursuing  the  course  to  the  end, 
and  engaging  in  some  occasional  literary  work.  lie 
graduated  in  1834,  in  which  year  he  for  some  time 
ministered  to  the  Congregational  church  in  Calais 
Me. 

Mr.  Ilaekett  was  married  to  his  cousin,  Mary 
Wadsworth  Balch,  Sept,  22,  1834,  and  spent  the 
academic  year  of  1834-35  as  a  member  of  the  fac 
ulty  of  Mount  Hope  College,  Baltimore,  in  charge 
of  the  classical  department.  In  the  summer  of 
1835  he  was  baptized,  and  united  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Baltimore,  a  step  resulting  from 
investigations  about  the  proper  subjects  of  baptism. 
In  September,  1835,  he  became  a  professor  in  Brown 
University,  Providence,  II.  I.,  with  the  title  at  first 
of  Adjunct  Professor  of  the  Latin  and  Creek  Lan 
guages,  and  in  1838  he  was  elected  Professor  of 
Hebrew  Literature.  Among  his  associates  in  the 
faculty  were  Drs.  Wayland,  Elton,  and  Caswell. 
Aug.  5,  1839,  he  was  chosen  Professor  of  Biblical 
Literature  and  Interpretation  in  Newton  Theologi 
cal  Institution,  becoming  the  colleague  of  Drs. 
Chase,  Ripley,  and  Sears.  Sept.  1,  1841,  he  sailed 
for  Europe,  and  was  absent  a  year,  studying  at 
Halle  and  Berlin,  attending  the  lectures  of  Tho- 


luck.  Gesenius,  Neander,  and  Hengstenberg.  He 
also  fulfilled  a  commission  from  the  Board  of  Man 
agers  of  the  Baptist  General  Convention  for  Foreign 
Missions  in  behalf  of  Christian  brethren  in  Den 
mark. 

About  a  year  after  his  return  he  published,  with 
annotations,  the  treatise  of  Plutarch,  "  De  Sera 
Xuminis  Vindicta"  (1844).  A  revised  edition, 
with  notes  by  Profs.  II.  B.  Ilaekett  and  W.  S. 
Tyler,  was  published  in  Jsi',7.  ln  1845  appeared 
his  translation  of  Winer's  "  Chaldee  Grammar." 
and  in  1847  his  own  <-  Exercises  in  Hebrew  Gram 
mar."  In  1852  he  traveled  in  the  East,  arid  has 
given  a  record  of  his  observations  in  the  book  en 
titled  "  Illustrations  of  Scripture,  suggested  by  a 
Tour  through  the  Holy  Land."  In  1858-59  he  was 
abroad  again,  and  resided  six  months  in  Athens, 
Greece,  under  the  auspices  of  the  American  Bible 
Union.  Shortly  before  this  he  published  the  sec 
ond  edition  of  his  "  Commentary  on  the  Acts."  the 
first  having  appeared  nearly  seven  years  earlier. 
This  has  been  styled  by  Dr.  Peabody,  in  the  Xort/t 
Anirrirtui  Rn-lno,  "  one  of  the  very  few  works  of 
the  kind  in  the  English  language  which  approaches 
in  point  of  massive  erudition  the  master-works  of 
the  great  German  critics,  differing  from  them  only 
in  possessing  a  soundness  and  accuracy  which  they 
sometimes  lack/'  A  few  months  after  his  return 
from  Europe,  Prof.  Ilaekett  delivered  an  able  and 
eloquent  address  on  Bible  revision  before  the  Amer 
ican  Bible  Union  in  the  city  of  New  York.  Oct.  6, 
1859.  The  society  published  the  address,  and  also 
Dr.  Ilaekett' s  •'  Notes  on  the  Greek  Text  of  the 
Epistie  of  Paul  to  Philemon,''  etc.,  in  1800.  lie 
contributed  thirty  articles  to  Dr.  Win.  Smith's 
"  Dictionary  of  the  Bjble,''  published  in  England 
in  1860-03,  and  in  1801  wrote  an  introduction  to  the 
American  edition  of  Westcott's  "  Introduction  to 
the  Study  of  the  Gospels."  lie  compiled  a  volume 
entitled  "Christian  Memorials  of  the  War."  pub 
lished  in  1804.  In  1800  he  began  to  edit  an  Amer 
ican  edition  of  "  Smith's  Dictionary  of  the  Bible.'1 
Its  publication  took  place  between  1807  and  1870, 
and  in  this  task  he  had  the  special  co-operation  of 
Prof.  Ezra  Abbot,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  and  some  of  the 
most  able  scholars  of  America.  In  1868  appeared 
his  translation  of  Van  Oosterzee's  "  Commentary 
on  Philemon,'1  with  additions,  for  Dr.  SchafPs  edi 
tion  of  Lange's  Commentaries. 

In  the  same  year  he  terminated  his  professorship 
of  twenty-nine  years  at  Newton,  intending,  how 
ever,  still  to  dwell  there,  and  to  labor  more  ex 
clusively  for  the  Bible  Union.  But  after  a  year  of 
literary  occupation  he  listened  with  favor  to  an 
invitation  made  to  him  through  the  Rev.  E.  G. 
Robinson,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  then  president  of  the 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  to  resume  there 
his  career  as  a  teacher.  A  year  later,  in  September, 


HACKKTT 


484 


HADLKY 


1S70,  lie  entered  upon  his  duties  sis  Professor  of 
Biblical  Literature  and  New  Testament  Exegesis, 
having  just  returned,  with  his  daughter,  from  his 
fourth  European  trip.  In  1870  was  published  his 
translation  of  Braunc's  "  Commentary  on  Philip- 
pians,"  with  additions,  for  Dr.  Seliaff's  work  before 
mentioned.  He  wrote  an  introduetion  to  an  Amer 
ican  edition  of  "The  Metaphors  of  St.  Paul  and 
Companions  of  St.  Paul,"  by  John  S.  Howson. 
!).!>.,  dean  of  Chester,  published  in  1872,  and  in 
1ST;;  made  additions,  notes,  and  appendices  to 
Rawlinson's  "  Historical  Illustrations  of  the  Old 
Testament.''  His  many  and  valuable  contributions 
to  the  "  Bibliotheca  Sacra."  C/irix/itin  Jtecicic,  and 
kindred  works  cover  a  period  of  forty  years  from 
1834.  "The  Book  of  Ruth."  the  common  version 
revised,  was  a  posthumous  publication,  in  1870. 

His  visits  to  the  Old  World  were  marked  with 
attentions  from  eminent  English  and  Continental 
scholars;.  A  few  weeks  after  this  final  one  he  died 
suddenly,  Nov.  2,  1875,  having. just  returned  to  his 
residence  from  an  exercise  with  one  of  his  classes. 
Prof.  Ilackett  was  chosen  to  the  membership  of 
many  learned  societies  in  Europe  and  America, 
and  only  a  few  days  before  his  death  he  attended 
a  stated  meeting  of  the  New  Testament  Company 
of  the  American  Bible  Revision  Committee.  He 
received  the  degree  of  D.I),  from  the  University  of 
A'ermont  in  1845,  and  from  Harvard  University 
(where  he  was  long  an  examiner)  in  1861,  and  that 
of  LL.D.  from  Amherst  College  in  1802.  His 
memory  was  widely  reverenced  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  and  the  tributes  thus  evoked  were  edited, 
some  entire  and  others  partially  and  in  biographi 
cal  connection.*  by  one  who  bad  been  his  pupil  and 
colleague,  and  whom  lie  had  honored  with  his  con- 
iidence  and  affection.  In  Newton's  beautiful  cem 
etery,  not  far  from  the  spot  and  column  consecrated 
by  Prof.  Ilackett's  patriotic  discourse  to  the  fame 
of  her  soldiers,  a  massive  granite  monument  mark 
his  own  resting-place.  Upon  one  side  are  the  prin 
cipal  dates  of  his  life  and  services.  The  reverse 
characterizes  the  writer  and  scholar  who,  fervent 
in  spirit,  serving  the  Lord,  instructed  a  generatioi 
of  Christian  ministers. 

Those  who  knew  Dr.  Ilackett  in  later  life  wil 
recognize  the  permanence  of  traits  ascribed  to  bin 
as  a  young  man  by  the  Rev.  Ezekiel  Russell.  D.D. 
"  In  character,  II.  B.  Ilackett  was  the  beauty  of 
our  college  Israel;  modest,  sincere,  truthful,  just 
conceding  to  all  their  dues  :  claiming  little  for  him 
self,  and  from  bis  soul  loathing  everything  in  th< 
form  of  affectation,  intrigue,  and  selfish  manage 
ment." 

He  has  a  secure  fame,  and  is  held  in  the  affec 


*  Memorials  of  Horatio  Balch  Ilackett.     Edited  by  George  II 
Whitteinore.     1870. 


ionate  remembrance  which  he  was  himself  so 
eady  to  accord.  "  Having  once  loved  Andover  as 
he  place  of  his  intellectual  nativity,  he  loved  it 
into  the  end,"  said  Dr.  Park  at  his  burial.  At  the 
entenary  celebration  of  Phillips  Academy,  in  1S78, 
i  poem  was  delivered  by  Dr.  O.  W.  Holmes,  whose 
irose  portrait  of  his  schoolmate,  the  future  great 
biblical  scholar,  was  published  in  180(J,  and  is 
A'ell  known.  In  commemorating 

"The  lar^c-brained  scholars  whom  their  toils  release, 
The  bannered  heralds  of  the  Prince  of  Peace,'' 

laid  these  fresh   immortelles  upon  the  grave  of 
Ilackett, — 


Hackett,  Rev.  J.  A.,  the  present  able  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church.  Shreveport,  La.,  was 
born  in  Illinois  in  1832.  When  he  was  quite  young 
his  father  removed  to  Mississippi,  where  he  was 
brought  up.  He  was  educated  at  Mississippi  Col 
lege,  in  which  be  recently  preached  the  commence 
ment  sermon,  which  has  added  greatly  to  his  repu 
tation  as  a  clear  thinker  and  forcible  speaker.  He 
served  as  pastor  at  Jackson.  Miss.,  and  at  Clinton 
and  Hazelburst  in  the  same  State,  lie  was  called 
to  Shreveport  in  1870.  During  his  present  pastor 
ate  the  church  has  erected  a  beautiful  bouse  of 
worship.  lie  has  also  successfully  established  a 
mission  station  in  the  suburbs  of  the  city  at  a 
former  Sunday  resort  for  amusement. 

Hadley,  Rev.  Moses,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Southwestern  Mississippi,  came  to  the  State  some 
time  previous  to  1800.  and  at  that  time  labored  in 
Wilkinson  County.  The  estimation  in  which  he 
was  held  in  that  day  is  seen  in  the  fact  that  he  was 
chosen  moderator  of  the  Association  at  its  second 
session,  when  both  David  Cooper  and  Thomas 
Mercer  were  present.  In  1810  be  wrote  the  cir 
cular  letter  of  the  body  on  religious  declension,  an 
able  document,  in  which  he  treats  of  the  causes  and 
cure  in  a  forcible  manner.  In  1812  be  wrote  again 
on  "Union  of  the  Churches."  The  same  year  he 
was  sent  to  Opelousas  to  ordain  Mr.  Willis  and  con 
stitute  the  First  church  in  Louisiana.  He  was.  in 
1817,  one  of  a  committee  to  write  a  summary  of 
discipline  for  the  churches.  He  died  in  1818, 
much  regretted  by  his  brethren,  who  by  resolution 
expressed  their  high  appreciation  of  his  labors. 

Hadley,  Judge  T.  B.,  was  born  June  30.  1801, 

in  Beaufort  District.  S.  C.  In  childhood  his  parents 
moved  to  Woodville,  Wilkinson  Co.,  Miss.,  where 
he  was  educated  ;  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  and  was 
sent  to  the  Legislature  of  Mississippi.  In  1830  he 
was  auditor  of  public  accounts  for  the  State  of  Mis 
sissippi ;  in  1838  was  State  senator  from  Hinds 


HAETZER 


485 


IfAIGH 


County,  and  lie  was  greatly  applauded  for  his  in 
defatigable  exertions  in  procuring  a  law  for  the 
"  Protection  of  the  Marital  Rights  of  Women."  lonf 

Q  7  O 

and  familiarly  known  as  "Hadley's  Law.''  lie 
moved  to  Houston,  Texas,  in  1S44,  and  served  his 
county  as  chief  justice,  and  the  city  of  Houston  as 
recorder.  He  joined  the  Baptist  church  at  Jack 
son,  Miss.,  in  1839  ;  served  as  clerk  and  deacon  of 
the  Houston  church,  and  always  took  a  deep  in 
terest  in  its  prosperity  and  in  the  progress  of 
Christ's  cause.  The  Baptist  ministry  of  Texas  will 
ever  remember  the  generous  hospitality  which  his 
family  at  all  times  dispensed.  A  good  man  and  an 
honored  citizen,  he  passed  to  the  rest  which  re- 
maineth  for  the  people  of  God,  Sept.  25,  1869. 

Haetzer,  Ludwig",  a  Hebraist,  an  able  polemi 
cal  writer,  a  hymnist,  and  an  Anabaptist.  In  1523 
we  find  him  earnestly  supporting  Zwingli  in  his 
reformatory  efforts.  His  writing  against  images 
did  much  towards  securing  their  removal  from  the 
Zurich  churches.  When  the  Anabaptists  come 
forward,  in  1524,  we  find  him  sympathizing  with 
them  in  their  efforts  to  secure  pure  churches,  but 
still  seeking  to  maintain  the  favor  of  Zwingli,  (Eco- 
lampadius,  etc.  In  1525  he  published  the  ablest 
plea  for  temperance  to  be  found  in  the  literature  of 
the  Reformation  period,  in  which  he  condemned 
unsparingly  the  social  gatherings  of  the  clergy, 
where  wine  was  drunk  immoderately,  and  where 
worldly  talk,  even  indecent  conversation,  was  freely 
indulged  in.  Driven  from  Switzerland,  he  labored 
in  Augsburg,  Strasburg,  and  Constance.  In  1526, 
in  connection  with  Hans  Denk  (see  article),  he 
published  a  meritorious  translation  of  some  of  the 
prophetical  books  of  the  Old  Testament.  lie  was 
beheaded  at  Constance  in  1529,  ostensibly  for 
adultery,  but  probably  on  account  of  his  Anabap 
tist  views. 

Hague,  Rev.  John  B.,  was  born  in  Xew 
Rochelle,  N.  Y.,  in  1813,  and  was  a  graduate  of 
Hamilton  College  in  the  class  of  1832.  lie  pur 
sued  his  theological  studies  at  Xewton,  graduating 
in  1X35.  His  ordination  took  place  at  Eastport, 
M'-..  where  he  continued  as  pastor  for  ten  years. 
Mr.  Hague  has  devoted  the  larger  part  of  his  life  to 
teaching  young  ladies.  lie  has  had  schools  in 
Jamaica  Plain,  Xewton  Centre  for  six  years,  at 
Hudson,  X.  Y.,  for  ten  years,  and  at  Hackensack, 
X.  J.,  where  he  removed  in  1870. 

Hague,  William,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Pelham. 
Westchester  Co.,  X.  Y.,  Jan.  4,  1X08,  and  was  a 
graduate  of  Hamilton  College,  X.  Y.,  in  the  class  of 
1820.  Hi;  took  bis  theological  course  at  the  New 
ton  Institution,  graduating  in  1829.  He  was  or 
dained  Oct.  20,  1829,  as  pastor  of  the  Second  Bap 
tist  church  in  Utica.  X.  Y.,  the  sermon  being 
preached  by  Rev.  Dr.  B.  T.  Welch,  of  Albany. 
Here  lie  remained  until  called  to  the  pastorate  of 


the  First  church  in  Boston,  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  })y  the  resignation  of  Rev.  C.  P.  Grosvenor. 
His  installation  took  place  Feb.  3,  1831,  Rev.  Dr. 
Wayland  preaching  the  sermon.  His  connection 
with  this  church  continued  until  June,  1837,  when 
he  was  dismissed  to  enter  upon  his  duties  as  pastor 
of  the  First  church  in  Providence,  over  which 
he  was  installed  July  12,  1837,  the  sermon  being 
preached  by  Rev.  Dr.  B.  Sears.  The  church  com 
memorated  while  he  was  pastor  the  second  cen 
tenary  of  its  foundation,  Nov.  7,  1X39,  and  he 
preached  an  historical  discourse  on  the  occasion, 
which  was  published.  During  nine  months  of  the 
year  1838-39  he  was  abroad,  the  Hon.  S.  G.  Arnold 
being  his  traveling  companion,  lie  resigned  his 
office  Aug.  20,  1840,  and  accepted  a  call  to  the 
Federal  Street  church.  Boston,  where  he  com 
menced  his  labors  Sept.  20,  1840.  His  subsequent 
pastorates  have  been  in  Jamaica  Plain.  Mass., 
Newark,  X.  J.,  Albany,  XT.  Y.,  X'ew  York  City, 
and  Boston.  He  is  now  pastor  of  a  church  at 
Wollaston  Heights,  one  of  the  pleasant  suburbs  of 
Boston.  Dr.  Hague  received  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  from  Brown  University  in  1X49,  and 
from  Harvard  College  in  1X63.  He  was  chosen  a 
trustee  of  Brown  University  in  1X37,  and  is  now, 
with  one  exception,  the  ojdest  living  member  of  the 
board.  Among  the  productions  of  his  pen  are  "  The 
Baptist  Church  transplanted  from  the  Old  World 
to  the  New."  <•  Guide  to  Conversation  on  the 
Gospel  of  John,"  ''Review  of  Drs.  Fuller  and 
Wayland  on  Slavery,"  "  Christianity  and  States 
manship,"  "  Home  Life."  He  has  also  written 
much  for  the  reviews  and  the  periodical  press,  es 
pecially  for  the  Watchman,  of  Boston,  with  which 
he  was  at  one  time  connected  editorially,  and  whose 
columns  he  has  often  enriched  over  his  well-known 
signature  "  Herbert."  Dr.  Hague  is  justly  re 
garded  as  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  scholarly 
ministers  of  his  denomination. 

Haigh,  Deacon  Daniel. — Mr.  Ilaigh  was  born 
at  Marsden,  Yorkshire,  England,  in  December,  1X01. 
After  his  conversion  he  united  with  the  Indepen 
dent  church  at  Huddersfield  of  which  Dr.  Booth- 
royd,  the  Bible  commentator,  was  the  pastor.  He 
was  afterwards  baptized  into  the  Baptist  church  at 
Wakefield,  and  served  as  deacon  for  some  years. 
In  1X47  lie  came  to  Illinois  and  settled  near  Long 
Grove.  Ho  was  for  many  years  an  officer  in  the 
Pavilion  and  Bristol  churches,  and  an  active  mem 
ber  of  the  Fox  River  Association,  and  helper  in 
all  denominational  work.  lie  still  lives,  retaining 
at  advanced  ago  his  warm  interest  in  the  progress 
of  Christ's  kingdom. 

Haigh,  William  Morehouse,  D.D.,  was  born 

at  Halifax,  Yorkshire,  England,  in  April,  1829. 
Converted  at  the  early  age  of  thirteen,  he  was  bap 
tized  at  Wakefield  by  Rev.  J.  Harvey,  in  1842.  In 


486 


HALL 


1S;V2  the  family  removed  to  this  country,  settling  at 
Pavilion,  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  Pavilion  church  in  1852, 
and  began  his  pastorate  over  it  in  January,  1853, 
being  ordained  in  November  of  that  year.  His 
subsequent  pastorates  were  at  Chillicothe,  Hristol, 
Woodstock.  Mendota,  and  (lalesburg,  in  Illinois.  In 
August.  1862,  Mr.  llaigh  entered  the  army  as  chap 
lain  of  the  36th  Regiment  111.  Infantry,  continuing 
in  that  service  until  November,  lSli4.  A  year  was 
then  given  to  the  service  of  the  Baptist  Union  for 
Theological  Education  as  agent  for  the  seminary. 
Tn  1S77.  while  pastor  at  (ialesburg.  having  been 
tendered  the  appointment  of  district  secretary  of 
the  Home  Mission  Society  for  Illinois,  Iowa,  Wis 
consin,  and  Minnesota,  he  accepted  the  service,  and 
is  still  prosecuting  it  with  marked  ability  and  suc 
cess.  His  field  has  since  been  extended  so  as  to 
include  Nebraska,  Dakota,  and  Kansas,  a  vast  ter 
ritory,  which  he  nevertheless  succeeds  in  reaching 
with  measures  promotive  of  missionary  work. 

Dr.  Haigh  has  rendered  important  service  in 
writings  for  the  press.  His  ''  Letters  to  Young- 
Converts, "  and  his  "  Spiritual  Life."  first  published 
in  the  Baptist  paper  at  Chicago,  have  had  a  con 
siderable  additional  circulation  in  more  permanent 
forms. 

Halle,  Judge  Levi,  was  born  in  Warren,  R.  I., 
and  graduated  at  Brown  University  in  the  class  of 
1821.  Having  studied  law.  he  practised  his  pro 
fession  in  his  native  town.  From  1835  to  the  close 
of  his  life  he  was  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Rhode  Island.  For  many  years  Judge 
Haile  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Warren.  He  died  July  14,  1854. 

Haldeman,  Rev.  Isaac  Massey,  was  born  at 
Concordville,  Delaware  Co..  Pa.,  Feb.  13,  1845. 
He  removed  with  his  father  in  1852  to  West  Ches 
ter.  Pa.,  where  he  received  a  thorough  academic 
education.  From  the  age  of  nineteen  to  twenty- 
five  he  was  engaged  in  business  with  his  father. 
He  was  converted  in  1866,  and  baptized  by  the 
Rev.  J.  A.  Trickett  into  the  fellowship  of  the  West 
Chester  church.  From  his  conversion  he  was  im 
pressed  with  the  conviction  that  it  was  his  duty  to 
preach,  to  which  service  his  mother  had  from  his 
infancy  devoted  him.  His  father  designed  him  for 
business,  but  his  own  tastes  were  literary.  lie  de 
voted  his  leisure  hours  to  a  course  of  study  em 
bracing  the  English  classics  and  the  ancient  and 
modern  languages,  and  he  wrote  for  the  magazines. 
Pursued  by  the  "Woe  is  unto  me  if  I  preach  not 
the  gospel.''  he  resolved  to  give  himself  to  the  min 
istry,  lie  accepted  the  invitation  of  his  pastor  to 
preach  during  a  revival,  which  lasted  for  thirty 
consecutive  nights.  Tie  proclaimed  also  the  gospel 
in  other  churches.  lie  was  called  in  April.  1871. 
to  the  pastorate  of  the  Brandywine  Baptist  church, 


Delaware  Co.,  in  which  he  was  ordained.  Having 
remained  there  four  years,  preached  to  crowded 
houses,  and  baptized  over  200  persons,  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Delaware  Avenue  Baptist  church, 


REV.    ISAAC    MASSEY     HALDEMAN. 

Wilmington,  Del.,  in  April.  1875.  Here  again  the 
house  was  thronged.  Meetings  held  in  the  fall  and 
winter  resulted  in  the  quickening  of  the  members 
and  in  the  addition  of  400  to  the  church.  The 
baptisms  have  since  reached  800,  and  the  member 
ship  over  1000.  "  As  a  speaker,''  says  an  intimate 
friend,  "  he  is  exceeding  rich  in  imagery,  clothing 
his  ideas  as  they  flow  from  a  fountain  of  clear  and 
logical  thought  with  choice  words  and  fitting  met 
aphors.  He  always  speaks  extempore.'' 

Hale,  Rev.  William,  an  early  minister  in  Mis 
sissippi,  whose  labors  laid  the  foundation  of  many 
of  the  churches  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State, 
was  born  in  Tennessee  in  1801.  and  began  to  preach 
in  his  nineteenth  year  :  came  to  Mississippi  in  1835. 
He  was  a  man  of  strong  native  abilities,  and  with 
his  co-laborer,  Martin  Bull,  abounded  in  evangel 
istic  labors.  He  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the 
Chickasaw  Association,  which  has  since  grown  into 
four  large  Associations,  viz..  Aberdeen.  Judson, 
Tippah,  and  Tishamingo.  lie  died  Sept.  21.  185.'). 

Hall,  Jeremiah,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Swanzey, 
N.  II.,  May  21.  18(15.  lie  was  religiously  edu 
cated  by  his  parents,  and  in  1816  was  baptized  at 
Colerain.  Mass.,  by  Rev.  George  Witherell. 

His  education  was  obtained  in  part  at  the  acad 
emy  in  Ashfield.  Mass.,  and  at  Brattleborough. 
Vt.  But  having  prosecuted  the  studies  of  the  col- 


HALL 


487 


lege  coiir.se  as  opportunity  permitted,  he  was  ad 
mitted  in  1847,  by  Madison  University,  to  the  de 
gree  of  Master  of  Arts,  and  in  1854  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  him  by 
Shurtleff  College. 

In  1827  he  entered  the  Xewton  Theological  Insti 
tution,  and  finished  the  course  of  study  in  1830.  He 
was  ordained  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  Feb.  3,  1X31, 
in  Westford,  Vt.  In  his  joint  pastorate  of  the  West- 
ford  and  Fairfax  churches  lie  was  greatly  blessed, 
and  large  accessions  were  made  to  their  numbers. 

In  the  spring  of  1S32  he  accepted  the  charge 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Bennington,  Vt. 
During  this  pastorate  the  church  was  greatly 
strengthened,  and  a  flourishing  Baptist  Academy, 
originated  by  him,  was  established  at  Ticnninirton, 
which  for  some  years  exerted  a  wide  influence 
in  promoting  the  cause  of  Christian  education  in 
that  vicinity. 

In  the  spring  of  1835  he  removed  to  Michigan, 
and  settled  at  Kalama/oo.  Here,  i;i  the  following 
winter,  under  his  labors  was  organi/.cd  the  First 
Baptist  church,  which  ho  served  as  pastor  till  the 
close  of  the  year  1842. 

Soon  after  his  arrival  at  Kalama/.oo  ho  learned 
that    the    Michigan    ami    Huron    Institute,   which  [ 
had  been  brought  into  corporate  existence  chiefly 
through  the  efforts  of  Rev.  T.  W.  Merrill,  was  seek 
ing  a  home  in  the  western  part  of  the  State,  and 
that  strong  inducements  were  offered  to  locate  it 
about  six  miles  east  of  Kalamazoo.     Believing  that  ! 
it  should  be  established  in  the  town  of  Kalama/.oo, 
he  assumed  such  pecuniary  obligations  in  the  pur 
chase  of  land  for  its  site  as  induced  the  trustees  to 
locate  what  is  now  Kalamazoo  College  at  that  town. 
The  unredeemed  pledges  of  others,  and  the  finan 
cial  depression  which   soon   came  on,  caused   him  ; 
great  embarrassment  and  loss. 

Early  in  1843  he  became  pastor  of  the  church 
in  Akron,  0..  and  in  1X4.")  he  took  charge  of  the 
church  in  Xorwalk.  0.,  with  special  reference  to 
the  founding  of  the  Xorwalk  Institute,  a  flourish 
ing  Baptist  Seminary,  over  which  he  presided 
five  years.  Though  greatly  prospered  in  this  work, 
he  resigned  it  to  become  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Granville,  0. 

In  1X53  he  was  elected  president  of  Granville  Col 
lege.  Soon  after  he  entered  upon  hisduties  the  name 
of  the  college  was  changed  to  Denison  Universitv, 
and  a  new  site  was  selected  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  village  of  Granville.  handsome  buildings  were 
erected,  a  valuable  library  was  procured,  and  ad 
ditions  were  made  to  the  faculty.  lie  was  subse 
quently  pastor  of  the  Tabernacle  church  in  Kala 
ma/.oo,  and  of  the  churches  in  Chillicothe.  Mo.,  and 
Shell  Rock,  Iowa.  For  the  last  few  years  he  lias 
resided  in  Port  Huron.  Mich,  lie  has  two  sons  in 
the  ministry. 


Hall,  Rev.  John  P.,  was  a  brother  of  Rev. 
Wm.  S.  Hall.  Both  these  brothers  left  their  im 
press  upon  the  denomination  in  Pennsylvania. 
•John  labored  extensively  and  for  many  years  in 
the  eastern  portion  of  Pennsylvania,  where  his 
consistent  life  won  him  many  friends.  His  latter 
years  were  spent  in  the  pastoral  care  of  the  Mount 
Moriah  church,  Fayette  Co.,  Pa.,  and  the  Nixon 
Street  church,  Alleghany  City,  Pa.  After  a  very 
short  illness  he  fell  asleep  in  Christ,  and  his  de- 

:  parture  cast  a  deep  gloom  over  the  entire  church. 
Hall,    Rev.    Robert,    of  Arnshy.  Knglaiid,  was 

;  born  April  15,  1728.  old  style:  his  birthplace  was 
Black-IIeddon.  about  twelve  miles  from  Newcastle. 
His  father  was  an  Episcopalian  and  his  mother  a 
Presbyterian.  The  death  of  his  father  when  he 
was  a  child  removed  him  from  his  mother's  care  to 
the  guardianship  of  an  uncle.  With  his  family  he 
attended  the  ministry  of  an  Arminian,  whose  teach 
ings  filled  him  with  great  distress  without  pointing 
him  to  the  blood  of  atonement.  His  convictions 
were  deepened  by  other  causes,  until,  at  twelve 
years  of  age.  the  lad  was  filled  with  "  black  despair, 
accompanied  by  horrid  temptations,  and  by  blas 
phemies  which  ought  not  to  be  uttered."  And 
this  unhappy  state  continued  for  more  than  seven 
years.  For  some  time  he  thought  that  God  would 
have  been  unholy  to  have  saved  him.  Then  he 
imagined  that  if  he  could  live  without  sin  there 
might  be  some  hope  for  him.  To  secure  this  object 
he  made  a  covenant  with  God.  which  was  written 
with  his  own  blood,  agreeing  to  be  lost  eternally 
if  he  ever  sinned  again.  This  compact  of  course 
was  soon  broken,  and  he  supposed  now  that  his 
destruction  was  irrevocable.  After  some  calculations 
he  concluded  that  as  his  sins  in  a  little  while  would 
soon  exceed  the  crime  of  self-murder,  he  would 
commit  suicide.  He  appointed  a  time  to  execute 
this  design,  but  concluded  that  he  would  first  look 
at  the  Bible,  and  as  he  opened  it  his  eyes  fell  on 
the  words,  '•  Come,  now.  and  let  us  reason  to 
gether,  saith  the  Lord  ;  though  your  sins  be  as 
scarlet,  they  shall  be  as  white  as  snow  :  though 
they  lie  red  like  crimson,  they  shall  be  as  wool.'' 
These  words  destroyed  his  plan  to  kill  himself, 
though  they  gave  him  no  solid  hope.  At  another 
time  as  he  was  reading  in  the  New  Testament  the 
words  arrested  him.  "  God  sent  forth  his  Son,  made 
of  a  woman,  mnde  under  the  Jtnc  to  redii-m  them 
that  were  under  the  hue.''1  Immediately  this  thought 
impressed  him.  ''Christ  was  inad<-  under  the  law  : 
then  he  was  not  under  it  originally  :  for  what  end 
was  he  made  under  the  law  ?  to  redeem  them  that 
were  under  the  law :  icere  under  the  law  !  then  they 
are  not  under  the  laic  now,  but  redeemed.  There 
is,  therefore,  a  way  of  redemption  for  sinners  from 
the  curse  of  the  law  by  which  it  is  possible  even  I 
may  be  saved  ;"  and  in  a  little  time  he  soon  put 


HALL 


HALL 


his  entire  trust  in  the  Saviour;  and  ever  after  be 
came  valiant  for  the  truth,  and  especially  for  the 
truth  as  Paul  revealed  it,  and  as  John  Calvin  ex 
pounded  it. 

Mr.  Hall's  brother  Christopher  joined  the  Bap 
tists,  much  to  his  indignation,  for  he  regarded  them 
with  aversion,  lie  and  some  friends  had  a  dis 
cussion  with  a  Baptist  minister,  in  which  they  were 
silenced  but  not  convinced  ;  but  on  further  exami 
nation  Mr.  Hall  fully  received  believer's  baptism, 
and  like  an  honest  man,  and  like  so  many  other 
intelligent  Pedobaptists,  lie  came  out  publicly,  and 
was  baptized  Jan.  f>,  17")-.  The  next  year  Mr. 
Hall  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Arnsby  on  a 
salary  which  seldom  amounted  to  €15  a  year.  His 
family  increased  fast,  until  he  was  the  father  of 
fourteen  children  ;  and  by  the  force  of  self-denial 
and  the  plans  and  cares  of  a  good  wife,  he  kept  out 
of  debt, 

For  a  time  after  his  settlement  he  was  greatly 
troubled  about  his  call  to  the  ministry.  One  Sun 
day  morning  he  came  to  tell  the  church  that  he 
could  not  preach.  An  aged  brother  asked  him  to 
outer  the  pulpit  and  pray,  and  if  he  obtained  help 
then  he  could  preach,  and  if  not  they  would  unite 
in  prayer  for  him.  lie  took  the  advice  and  soon 
found  a  text  and  a  sermon.  That  season  of  prayer 
gave  the  death-blow  to  doubts  about  his  call  to 
preach. 

He  was  blessed  in  winning  many  souls  to  Jesus 
Christ,  in  setting  forth  the  glorious  gospel  in  be 
coming  and  in  heaven-given  thoughts  and  words  : 
and  he  was  successful  in  leading  a  life  of  untar 
nished  loyalty  to  his  divine  Master.  His  minister 
ing  brethren  loved  him,  his  church  with  which  he 
labored  for  thirty-eight  years  was  devoted  to  him, 
and  even  the  ungodly  regarded  Mr.  Hall  with  rev 
erence. 

lie  had  a  penetrating  and  clear  mind,  and  a 
heart  often  overflowing  with  the  love  of  Jesus. 
These  qualities  ai'e  strikingly  exhibited  in  his  little 
work,  "  Help  to  Zion's  Travellers,"  which  has  had 
a  wide  circulation  in  Europe  and  America,  and 
which  has  rendered  great  service  to  the  children  of 
God.  Mr.  Hall  was  an  able  and  honored  servant 
of  the  king  of  Zion.  He  djed  suddenly,  March  13, 
1791.  His  son,  the  celebrated  Robert  Hall,  differed 
widely  from  the  doctrines  of  his  father,  and  obtained 
a  distinguished  reputation  for  eloquence. 

Hall,  Rev.  Robert,  of  Leicester,  England,  was 
born  at  Arnsby.  near  Leicester,  May  2,  1704.  lie 
was  the  youngest  of  fourteen  children,  and  when 
two  years  old  he  could  neither  speak  nor  walk. 
lie  learned  to  read  through  the  efforts  of  an  intel 
ligent  nurse,  who  took  him  fur  air  and  exercise  to 
a  small  cemetery  near  his  father's  residence.  From 
its  grave-stones  she  taught  him  the  alphabet,  spell 
ing,  and  reading.  Before  he  was  nine  years  old 


he  had  become  familiar  with  Jonathan  Edwards  on 
"  The  Freedom  of  the  Will,"  and  on  "  The  Re 
ligious  Affections,"  and  with  Butler's  "  Analogy." 
Ihiring  his  whole  life  Edwards  was  a  favorite  with 
him.  Before  he  was  ten  years  of  age  he  had  writ 
ten  many  essays  on  religious  subjects.  When  he 
was  eleven  his  teacher,  Mr.  Simmons,  dismissed 
him  from  his  school  because  he  was  farther  ad 
vanced  in  education  than  his  instructor.  Mr.  Sim 
mons,  while  young  Hall  was  his  pupil,  had  fre 
quently  to  spend  the  night  in  preparation  to  keep 
up  with  him,  and  to  relieve  himself  from  this 
trouble  Robert  Hall  was  compelled  to  leave  his 
school. 

In  his  fifteenth  year  he  entered  Bristol  College 
to  study  for  the  ministry.  Here  his  progress  was 
equally  remarkable,  and  speedily  inspired  the 
brightest  hopes  for  his  future  usefulness.  During 
his  first  summer  vacation  he  preached  atClipstone, 
in  Northamptonshire,  before  his  father  and  a  num 
ber  of  ministers.  His  text  was,  "God  is  light,  and 
in  him  is  no  darkness.''  The  service  was  one  of 
peculiar  trial  to  him,  and  from  which  he  earnestly 
begged  to  be  relieved.  Never  till  then  had  he  as 
sumed  the  responsibility  of  a  preacher.  But  the 
effort  was  a  success,  and  congratulations  were 
showered  upon  him. 

According  to  custom,  while  at  Bristol  he  was 
required  to  give  an  address  in  the  vestry  of  Broad- 
mead  church  before  his  instructors  and  fellow-stu 
dents.  Its  commencement  was  brilliant,  but  his 
nervousness  overcame  him,  and  ''covering  his  face 
in  an  agony  of  shame,  lie  exclaimed,  'Oh!  I  have 
lost  all  my  ideas.'  "  lie  was  appointed  again  to 
deliver  the  same  address  the  next  week,  and  a  sec 
ond  time  he  made  a  worse  failure  than  the  first. 
Robert  Hall  was  extremely  sensitive,  and  these 
discouragements,  while  intensely  mortifying,  only 
summoned  up  or  called  down  greater  strength  for 
the  next  trial,  through  which  when  it  came  he 
passed  with  flying  colors. 

After  studying  three  years  at  Bristol  he  went,  in 
1781,  to  King's  College,  Aberdeen,  where  he  re 
mained  four  years.  He  pursued  his  studies  in 
Greek  and  Latin,  in  philosophy  and  mathematics, 
with  wonderful  success.  He  was  the  first  student 
in  each  of  his  classes,  and  the  most  distinguished 
young  man  in  the  college.  While  in  Aberdeen 
Mr.  Hall  became  acquainted  with  the  celebrated 
Sir  James  Mackintosh,  then  a  student  in  the  same 
institution,  and  a  young  man  of  rare  intellectual 
endowments.  They  discussed  all  important  philo 
sophical  questions  together  on  the  sea-shore,  or  on 
the  banks  of  the  Don  above  the  old  town  ;  they  sat 
together  in  the  class-room  :  they  read  Xenophon, 
Herodotus,  and  Plato  together :  and  as  their  pur 
suits  and  friendships  were  well  known,  it  was 
common  for  the  students  to  say  when  Hall  and 


HALL 


489 


HALL 


Mackintosh  were  seen  together,  "  There  go  Plato 
and  Herodotus.''  The  regard  that  sprung  up  be 
tween  them  in  Aberdeen  lasted  until  death. 

Immediately  after  leaving  Aberdeen  Mr.  Hall 
became  assistant  to  Dr.  Caleb  Evans,  then  pastor 
of  Broadmead  church,  Bristol.  The  preaching  of 
Mr.  Hall  speedily  attracted  very  large  congrega 
tions  and  an  unusual  amount  of  interest.  Many 
of  the  leading  men  of  Bristol,  and  quite  a  number 
of  Episcopal  clergymen,  were  occasionally  among 
his  hearers.  His  position,  however,  in  the  church, 
owing  to  misunderstandings  between  Dr.  Evans 
and  himself,  and  suspicions  that  the  eloquent  young 
preacher  was  not  quite  orthodox,  became  uncom 
fortable,  and  in  1791  he  accepted  a  call  to  succeed 
the  learned  and  erratic  Robert  Robinson  as  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Cambridge.  In  that  city,  famous 
for  its  Episcopal  university,  Mr.  Hall  soon  acquired 
the  reputation  of  being  the  most  finished  scholar 
and  eloquent  preacher  in  the  British  Islands.  His 
"  Apology  for  the  Freedom  of  the  Press,''  published 
in  1793,  made  him  troops  of  friends  and  exhibited 
talents  of  the  highest  order.  In  1S01,  Mr.  Hall 
published  a  sermon  on  "  Modern  Infidelity,"  which 
carried  his  fame  into  every  circle  of  society,  and 
elicited  the  admiration  and  gratitude  of  the  friends 
of  Jesus  throughout  Great  Britain.  Dr.  Gregory, 
his  biographer,  says,  "  The  most  distinguished 
members  of  the  university  were  loud  in  his  praises  ; 
numerous  passages  of  the  sermon  that  were  pro 
found  in  reasoning,  or  touching  and  beautiful  in 
expression,  were  read  and  eulogized  in  every  col 
lege  (there  are  seventeen  colleges  in  the  University 
of  Cambridge)  and  in  almost  every  company  ;''  and 
all  over  the  land  it  was  commended  in  reviews, 
periodicals,  newspapers,  and  discourses.  From  this 
period  Mr.  Hall  was  at  the  head  of  the  British 
pulpit;  he  was  spoken  of  as  "The  prince  of 
preachers,"  and  his  opinions  and  sayings  were 
treasured  up  and  quoted  as  if  they  had  been  the 
utterances  of  an  inspired  oracle.  When  his  next 
sermon  was  printed,  in  1803,  which  he  named 
•"  Sentiments  Proper  to  the  Present  Crisis,"  it  was 
received  all  over  the  country  with  enthusiasm  ;  and 
even  England's  great  prime  minister,  perhaps  her 
greatest,  William  Pitt,  declared  that  "  the  last  ten 
pages  were  fully  equal  in  genuine  eloquence  to  any 
passage  of  the  same  length  that  could  be  selected 
from  either  ancient  or  modern  orators."  His  sub 
sequent  publications  confirmed  the  splendor  of  his 
reputation.  At  Cambridge  his  intellect  gave  way 
twice  for  short  periods  from  nervous  prostration, 
but  his  recovery  was  perfect.  He  spent  fifteen 
years  at  Cambridge  and  nearly  twenty  at  Leicester, 
and  then  returned  to  Bristol  in  1825,  and  entered 
the  heavenly  Canaan  Feb.  21,  1831.  His  success 
in  Leicester  and  Bristol  was  quite  equal  to  his 
usefulness  in  Cambridge.  He  was  the  greatest 
32 


preacher  that  ever  used  the  English  tongue,  and 
his  works  will  be  read  while  the  language  of  Britain 
is  spoken.  They  were  first  published  in  six  vol 
umes,  in  1833,  and  they  have  passed  through  eleven 
editions  up  till  1853. 

Mr.  Hall  never  read  his  sermons,  and  very  seldom 
wrote  them  entire.  He  studied  them  with  the 
greatest  care,  though  his  use  of  paper  was  exceed 
ingly  limited. 

He  was  the  victim  of  a  painful  disease  from  boy 
hood  till  death.  His  brothers  hud  frequently  to 
carry  him  part  of  the  way  to  and  from  school  ;  he 
was  often  in  mature  years  compelled  to  lie  down 
on  his  back  on  the  floor  to  gain  relief  from  his  an 
guish.  For  more  than  twenty  years  he  was  unable 
to  pass  a  whole  night  in  bed.  He  carried  with  him 
continually  "  an  internal  apparatus  of  torture," 
ready  for  work  any  moment,  and  certain  not  to  be 
idle  for  any  considerable  time  ;  and  yet  when  free 
from  pain  he  was  one  of  the  happiest  of  men. 

At  thirty-three  years  of  age  he  was  '•  a  well- 
proportioned,  athletic  man,  with  a  deportment  of 
unassuming  dignity,  with  winning  frankness  in  all 
that  he  uttered,  and  with  a  speaking  countenance 
animated  by  eyes  radiating  with  the  brilliancy  im 
parted  to  them  by  benevolence,  wit,  and  intellectual 
energy."  '•  His  mind  was  equally  distinguished 
by  power  and  symmetry,  where  each  single  faculty 
is  of  imposing  dimensions  and  none  out  of  propor 
tion  to  the  rest.  His  intellect  was  eminently  acute 
and  comprehensive  ;  his  imagination  prompt,  vivid, 
and  affluent."  He  had  the  readiest  command  of 
the  most  appropriate  language  and  beautiful 
imagery  ever  given  to  a  mortal.  His  reading  was 
enormous,  from  six  to  eight  hours  a  day  he  often  • 
spent  at  it,  and  it  ran  over  the  Greek  and  Latin 
poets,  orators,  historians,  and  philosophers  ;  the 
early  Christian  fathers,  the  Reformers,  the  Puri 
tans,  and  Episcopalians  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
and  more  modern  theologians,  French  and  English. 
Nor  was  there  any  branch  of  literature  with  which 
he  had  not  a  remarkable  acquaintance. 

His  piety  was  deep  and  abiding.  Soon  after  his 
first  attack  of  mental  aberration  he  felt  in  himself 
the  most  extensive  change  in  his  relations  to  Jesus. 
His  heart  became  the  Saviour's  more  unreservedly 
than  ever  ;  his  habits  were  more  devotional  than 
they  had  been  previously,  and  his  spiritual  exer 
cises  more  fervent  and  more  elevated.  The  light 
of  God's  countenance  followed  him,  and  the  peace 
of  God  was  continually  with  him,  and  when  he 
came  to  die,  though  his  was  a  death  of  extreme 
physical  pain,  his  faith  was  triumphant,  and  strong 
in  the  Lord  he  passed  away  joyfully  to  his  eternal 
home. 

He  held  Arminian  views  of  the  atonement,  and 
in  a  measure  of  some  of  the  other  doctrines  of 
grace,  and  he  spoke  scornfully  of  the  works  of  Dr. 


If  ALL 


490 


HALT KM AN 


Gill,  a  writer  who  knr\\-  immensely  more  of  the 
languages  and  teachings  of  the  Bilile  than  himself: 
he  believed  that  unbaptized  persons  might  come  to 
the  Lord's  table,  lie  had  other  peculiarities  of 
doctrine  as  unscriptural  as  those  just  named.  Hut 
while  we  discard  his  errors  without  hesitation,  not 
withstanding  the  authority  of  his  great  name,  anil 
in  disregard  of  the  sublimest  eloquence  by  which 
false  doctrine  was  ever  commended  to  human  con- 
sciences,  we  rejoice  in  the  mighty  preacher  of  Cam 
bridge,  Leicester,  and  Bristol  as  an  illustrious  ser 
vant  of  king  -Jesus. 

Hall,  Rev.  Robert  S.,  a  leading  Baptist  preacher 
and  educator  in  Northwestern  Louisiana,  was  born 
in  Ireland,  in  1825,  of  Presbyterian  parents,  who 
devoted  much  time  to  his  religions  culture.  Being 
designed  for  the  ministry,  he  received  a  liberal  edu 
cation  at  (Queen's  College.  Helfast.  He  emigrated 
to  the  United  States,  and  engaged  in  teaching.  He 
united  with  the  Baptists,  and  in  1852  settled  in 
Caddo  Parish,  La.  lie  began  to  preach  in  1807, 
and  from  his  talents  and  learning  at  once  became 
a  man  of  mark.  lie  died  much  regretted  in  1873. 

Hall,  Rev.  Win.  S.,  was  born  of  Quaker  parent 
age,  in  Blockley,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  L>7,  1809, 
and  died  in  White  J)eer  Valley,  -June  8,  18(17,  in  his 
fifty-eighth  year.  Converted  at  the  age  of  sixteen, 
he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  J.  II.  Kennard,  D.D.,  and 
ordained  Oct.  4,  1829.  His  labors  were  spread 
over  Berks,  Schuylkill,  Lancaster.  Chester,  and  the 
Northumberland  region  as  a  mission-field,  and  as 
a  pastor  they  were  given  to  Frankford  and  Miles- 
town  in  Philadelphia,  Zanesville,  O.,  Ridley,  Pa., 
Phcenixville,  Pa.,  Laight  Street,  N.  Y.,  and  the 
North  church  in  Philadelphia. 

The  peculiarities  characterizing  Brother  Hall 
were  uncommon  energy,  surprising  fluency  in 
language,  suavity  of  manners,  and  great  firmness  in 
advocating  and  in  defending  unpopular  sentiments. 
This  led  him  to  strongly  press  the  claims  of  free 
missions,  and  the  revision  of  the  Bible.  To  his 
praise  let  it  be  said  that  in  the  hour  when  his  posi 
tion  was  deemed  the  very  height  of  folly,  he  never 
gave  up  his  principles,  even  at  the  period  of  his 
ministry  when  to  be  a  free  mission  or  Bible  Union 
advocate  was  to  invite  bitter  opposition.  His  record 
shows  that  he  baptized  2459  persons,  founded  9 
churches,  and  built  8  meeting-houses. 

Hallett,  Capt.  Benjamin,  was  born  in  Barn- 
stable,  Mass.,  Jan.  18,  1760.  He  saw  active  ser 
vice,  both  in  the  navy  and  the  army,  during  the 
Revolutionary  war.  He  was  among  the  most  en 
terprising  merchants  of  his  time,  and  was  recog 
nized  as  a  man  of  rare  qualities.  For  nearly  sev 
enty  years  Capt.  Hallett  was  a  consistent  member 
of  a  Baptist  church.  "We  are  told  that  "  when  he 
visited  Boston  he  was  hailed  with  a  welcome 
wherever  he  went,  whether  he  made  his  appear 


ance  on  the  exchange,  in  marts  of  trade,  or  in 
Dr.  Stillman's  vestry,  where  his  voice  was  often 
heard."  He  exerted  his  influence,  and  most  suc 
cessfully,  in  the  Bethel,  and  stirred  up  the  hearts 
of  his  Christian  friends  in  Boston  to  labor  and  pray 
for  the  spiritual  good  of  seamen.  He  died  at  his 
residence  in  Barnstable,  Dec.  31,  1849,  in  the 
ninetieth  year  of  his  age. 

Halliburton,  Rev.  Henry,  an  eloquent  young 
Baptist  minister  of  Northern  Arkansas,  was  born 
in  Tennessee  in  184;").  He  began  to  preach  in 
1873,  and  developed  rare  abilities  as  an  evan 
gelist.  At  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1877.  he  was 
a  missionary  in  the  White  River  region. 

Halliburton,  Col.  W.  H.,  is  a  distinguished 
lawyer  at  De  Witt,  Ark.,  who  has  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  work  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in 
the  State  for  a  number  of  years.  He  was  born  in 
Tennessee  in  1815.  He  has  never  sought  public 
position,  but  has  filled  several  ollices  of  trust  with 
•Treat  credit  to  himself.  I  Miring  the  war  he  was 
Confederate  States  marshal,  and  has  always  been 
efficient  in  church  work. 

Halteman,  Rev.  David  Emory,  pastor  of  the 

First  Baptist  church  in  Delavan.  Wis.,  is  a  native 
of  Montgomery  Co..  Pa.,  where  he  was  horn  Aug. 
28,  1834.  His  ancestors  in  the  paternal  line  were 


REV.   DAVID    EMORY    HALTEMAN. 

German  Mennonites.  The  family  came  to  America 
from  Germany  in  1698,  and  settled  tit  German- 
town,  Pa.  This  old  town  was  the  birthplace  of 
three  successive  generations  of  the  family.  His 
mother  was  Scotch  by  birth,  although  her  parents 


HALTEMAN 


491 


HAMBERLIN 


emigrated  to  America  when  she  was  a  child.  When 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  four  years  old  his 
lather  removed  to  Ohio  and  settled  at  Dayton,  which 
became  subsequently  his  home.  Mr.  Haiti-man's 
earliest  religious  instruction  came  from  his  godly 
Presbyterian  mother.  He  attended  the  Sunday- 
school  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Dayton.  0. 
At  twelve  years  of  age  he  was  converted  and  bap 
tized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Davton. 

When  seventeen  years  of  age  he  was  licensed  by 
the  church  of  which  he  was  a  member  to  preach 
the  gospel.  He  was  educated  at  Granville  College 
(now  Denison  University)  and  Rochester  I'ni- 
versity.  He  was  formally  set  apart  to  the  work 
of  the  Christian  ministry  bv  a  council  called  by 
the  Baptist  church  in  Bloomfield.  TIL.  in  Decem 
ber.  1S57.  This  church  he  supplied  six  months. 
Having  received  an  invitation  to  the  pastorate 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Marengo,  111.,  he  entered 
upon  his  labors  there  in  July,  ]S.")S,  and  continued 
in  this  relation  eleven  years.  The  church  was 
small  in  numbers,  and  during  his  pastorate  of 
eleven  years  it  grew  to  be  the  largest  in  the  As 
sociation,  the  membership  being  over  400  when 
he  closed  his  labors  there.  The  meeting-house 
and  parsonage  were  built  during  his  pastorate. 
Frequent  revivals,  in  two  instances  of  great  power, 
blessed  his  ministry.  In  -July,  1S69,  Mr.  Ilalte- 
man  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Delavan,  Wis.,  one  of  the  most 
important  churches  in  the  State.  lie  began  his 
ministry  there  in  the  autumn  of  the  same  year, 
and  has  continued  it  with  fidelity  and  success  up 
to  the  present  time.  Though  it  is  of  twenty-three 
years'  duration  it  has  been  confined  to  two  fields, 
and  the  results  abundantly  show  the  advantage  of 
faithful  labor  in  a  prolonged  term  of  pastoral  ser 
vice.  He  has  frequently  been  tempted  by  calls 
to  other  important  fields,  but  has  uniformly  de 
clined  to  consider  them,  feeling  that,  as  a  rule, 
the  more  permanent  the  pastoral  relation  the 
better  is  the  cause  of  Christ  served.  He  has  been, 
an  indefatigable  worker  in  the  study,  in  visits 
among  his  people,  and  in  the  State.  During  his 
ministry  he  has  preached  4120  times,  including 
sermons  at  Conventions,  Associations,  councils, 
dedications,  arid  funerals.  He  has  received  856 
members  into  the  two  churches  of  which  he  has 
been  pastor,  5(35  of  whom  were  baptized  by  him  ; 
adding  180  persons  baptized  into  other  churches, 
he  has  immersed  altogether  685  persons.  His 
ministry  builds  up  the  churches  strong  doctrinally, 
develops  generous  habits  of  benevolence,  and  es- 
ta,blishes  the  members  in  spiritual  life  and  power. 
Just  now  his  church  is  erecting  a  fine  house  of 
worship. 

For    eight   successive   years  Mr.  Halteinan  has 


been  the  president  of  the  Wisconsin  Baptist,  State 
Convention,  and  an  active  member  of  its  board. 
As  a  presiding  officer  of  a  deliberative  boilv  he  has 
few  superiors,  displaying  rare  tact,  impartiality, 
and  familiarity  with  parliamentary  law.  At  the 
dedication  of  meeting-houses  his  services  have  been 
in  frequent  requisition. 

During    the    war    he    served    as   chaplain   of  ti 
15th    Regiment    111.    Volunteers   one  year,  but  h.. 
pastoral   relation  was    not   disturbed   while   he  was 
absent. 

Frank,  open-hearted,  generous  to  a  fault,  he  has 
fulfilled  in  a  high  degree  the  promise  with  which 
lie  began  his  ministry.  He  has  for  many  years 
taken  a  leading  part  in  the  denominational  work 
of  the  State.  If  personal  qualities,  acquired  knowl 
edge,  large  experience,  purity  of  aim  and  life,  are 
of  any  value  in  the  ministry,  our  brother  is  fitted 
to  do  the  best  work  of  his  life  in  years  yet  to  come. 
Ham,  Rev.  Mordecai  F.,  a  prominent  and 
useful  minister  in  Southern  Kentucky,  was  born  in 

|  Allen  County  of  that  State.  April  .'JO.  18  K>.  Me 
united  with  Trammels  Fork  Baptist  church,  in 
his  neighborhood,  in  April.  18)58  ;  was  licensed  to 
preach  in  1842.  and  ordained  in  1843.  at  which 
time  he  became  pastor  of  Bethlehem,  the  oldest  and 
largest  church  in  his  county,  and  has  continued  to 
serve  in  that  capacity  to  the  present  time.  He  h;i 
preached  statedly  to  four  churches,  and.  on  accou: 
of  the  scarcity  of  preachers  in  his  region,  has  some 
times  supplied  as  many  as  six.  He  has  received 
into  the  churches  he  has  served  over  2(100  members, 
by  experience  and  baptism.  Mr.  Mam  has  per- 

!  formed  considerable  missionary  labor,  and  has, 
with  the  assistance  of  his  co-laborers,  formed  sev 
eral  new  churches.  For  some  years  he  has  been 
collecting  at  his  own  expense  a  library  for  the  use 
of  young  ministers  in  his  locality.  lie  has  ex 
pended  several  hundred  dollars  in  this  enterprise, 
and  has  commenced  the  formation  of  a  valuable 
library,  especially  rich  in  the  subject  of  Baptist 
history.  lie  has  been  eighteen  years  moderator 
of  Bays  Fork  Association.  His  only  son,  Rev. 
Tobias  Ham.  is  a  young  preacher  of  excellent 
promise. 

Hamberlin,  Rev.  John  B.,  pastor  at  Vicks- 
burg,  Miss.,  a   descendant  of  Deacon  Wm.   Ham 
berlin,  who   accompanied   Richard   Curtis  and    his 
company  of  Baptists  to  Mississippi  in  1780  :  grsii1 
uated  at  Mississippi    College  with  the   first  hotx 
of  his  class  in  1856.  and  at  Rochester  Theologic;. 
Seminary,  N.   Y..  in   1858  ;  pastor   at  Clinton  and 
Raymond.   Miss.,   from    1858    to    1862:  two  years 
chaplain  in  Confederate    army,  during  the  rest  of 
the  war  was  State  superintendent  of  army  missions. 
After  the  war  he  established  Meridian  Female  Col 
lege,  and  supplied  Meridian  and  several  surround 
ing  churches,  and  edited  The  Christian  Watchman 


492 


HAND 


and  Ciilltye  Mirror.  This  excessive  labor  impaired 
his  health,  :md  he  retired  to  the  (Jlulf  eo;ist.  Here 
he  be^au  ;v  missionary  work  that  resulted  in  the 
establishment  of  eight  churches  on  the  line  of  the 
New  Orleans  and  Mobile  Railroad,  and  the  (Julf 
Coast  Association.  He  became  pastor  at  Vieks- 
burg  in  1SSO. 

Hamilton,  Rev.  Alexander,  was  born  in  Ire 
land  ;  his  parents  were  Scotch-Irish  :  educated  at 
the  Royal  College,  Belfast,  for  the  Presbyterian 
ministry,  he  embraced  Baptist  sentiments  and 
united  with  that  denomination  in  1845:  was  em 
ployed  bv  the  Irish  Missionary  Society  of  the 
English  Baptists,  and  labored  at  Conlig,  Ban- 
bridge,  and  Belfast.  He  came  to  the  United 
States  through  the  influence  of  Spencer  II.  Cone, 
D.D.,  and  Benjamin  M.  Hill,  I). IK,  secretary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society.  Soon 
after  reaching  this  country  he  was  ordained  by  the 
First  "Baptist  church  of  New  Haven,  Conn.,  in 
IS')  I.  He  immediately  went  to  Wisconsin  as  the 
missionary  of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society,  where  he  has  served  in  the  Christian  min 
istry  until  the  present.  lie  has  been  pastor  at 
Barton,  Appleton,  Walworth,  Eau  Claire,  and 
Waukau,  spending  twenty-eight  years  with  these 
churches.  He  is  living  in  retirement  at  Ilipon, 
Wis.  His  ministry  has  been  fruitful. 

Hamilton,  Rev.  Hiram,  was  born  Dec.  25, 

1820,  in  Portage  Co.,  0.  ;  baptized  in  March,  1843, 
at  Napoleon,  Mich.  ;  was  soon  after  licensed,  lie 
studied  at  Madison  University,  and  graduated  at 
the  University  of  Michigan  in  1849.  In  1850  he 
crossed  the  plains  to  California,  and  for  eight  years 
was  at  the  head  of  the  first  Protestant  female 
seminary  in  that  State.  In  1855  he  was  ordained, 
and  served  as  pastor  six  months  at  San  .Jose.  In 
1864  he  was  appointed  missionary  to  Idaho  by  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  ;  organ 
ized  a  church  and  built  a  meeting-house  at  Idaho 
City.  In  1866  he  built  a  house  at  Boise  City,  at  a 
cost  of S3000,  taught  a  school,  and  was  chaplain  of 
the  first  Legislature.  He  collected  the  Benneau  and 
Shoshone  Indians,  and  preached  the  gospel  to  them. 
In  1869  he  returned  to  California,  located  in  the 
San  Joaquin  Valley,  began  missionary  wrork,  estab 
lished  a  church,  into  whose  membership  over  fifty 
were  soon  baptized.  His  life-work  is  that  of  an 
educator.  In  this  he  is  still  active;  is  a  member  of 
the  San  Joaquin  board  of  education,  a  zealous 
Christian,  and  ever  ready  to  aid  in  advancing  the 
interests  of  the  denomination  in  California. 

Hamilton  Theological  Seminary  was  founded 
at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  May  1,  1820,  by  the  Rev. 
Daniel  Hascall  as  teacher  in  Ancient  Languages, 
and  Rev.  Dr.  Nathaniel  Kendrick  as  teacher  in 
Theology.  It  is  certain,  however,  that  as  early  as 
1816  Daniel  Hascall  suggested  the  idea  of  a  literary 


and  theological  institute  to  Nathaniel  Kendrick. 
Out  of  this  institution  came  Madison  University, 
Hamilton  Theological  Seminary,  and  Colgate  Acad- 
emv.  See  these  articles  in  this  work,  and  also  ar 
ticles  DANIEL  HASCALL  and  NATHANIEL  KENDRICK. 

Hancock,  B.  F.,  Esq.,  was  born  in  Philadel 
phia,  Pa.,  Oct.  19,  1800,  and  he  died  Feb.  1,  18f>7. 
Two  sons  were  born  to  him, — John  Hilary,  and 
Winiield  Scott,  now  a  major-general  in  the  U.  S. 
army,  and  lately  a  candidate  for  the  Presidency  of 
the  United  States.  He  served  as  deacon  in  the  Nor- 
ristown  Baptist  church,  arid  also  as  superintendent 
of  its  Sunday-school  for  several  years.  He  was 
a  constituent  member  of  the  Bridgeport  Baptist 
church,  and  served  as  deacon,  church  treasurer,  and 
clerk,  and  he  was  Sunday-school  superintendent 
until  his  death.  lie  was  regarded  as  a  wise  coun 
selor,  a  conscientious,  diligent,  liberal,  and  faith 
ful  Christian.  He  loved  the  prayer-meeting,  was 
invariably  in  his  place,  always  prompt  in  taking 
part,  and  earnest  and  tender  in  urging  his  brethren 
to  work  for  their  blessed  Lord  and  Saviour.  Tears 
were  often  in  his  eyes  while  praying  or  speaking, 
or  listening  to  the  preaching  of  the  gospel.  At 
times,  when  pleading  for  his  children,  for  the  con 
version  of  sinners,  and  for  the  prosperity  of  the 
church,  his  feelings  would  so  completely  overcome 
him  as  to  compel  an  abrupt  conclusion.  He  was 
not  only  uniformly  present  at  all  the  services  of  the 
sanctuary  and  Sabbath-school,  but  was  always  in 
time.  He  was  honored  by  the  North  Philadelphia 
Association  with  several  successive  elections  as 
moderator. 

No  citizen  of  Norristown  ever  exerted  a  more  de 
cided  Christian  influence,  or  commanded  more 
general  respect.  The  Bridgeport  Baptist  church 
and  Sunday-school  are  feeling  the  blessed  influence 
of  his  counsels  and  prayers  to-day,  and  will  doubt 
less  continue  to  be  benefited  thereby  even  to  the 
end  of  time. 

Hand,  Rev.  George,  was  born  at  Cape  May, 
N.  J.,  Sept.  2,  1821  ;  graduated  from  the  Uni 
versity  of  Pennsylvania  with  the  first  honor  in 
1849  ;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  West  Kensington 
church,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  7,  1849;  was  pas 
tor  of  the  Ilatborough  church,  Pa.,  for  ten  years, 
from  1852.  He  has  devoted  much  time  to  teach 
ing,  for  which  he  has  superior  qualifications,  but 
he  has  always  maintained  his  calling  as  a  preacher 
by  proclaiming  the  Word  of  life  on  the  Lord's  day. 

Mr.  Hand  is  a  scholar,  a  Christian,  and  a  faith 
ful  laborer  for  Jesus  in  the  seminary  and  in  the 
pulpit.  ^ 

Hand,  Rev.  Henry,  was  a  native  of  New  Jer 
sey,  lie  was  converted  Oct.  23,  1783,  about  which 
time  he  moved  with  his  father  to  Georgia  from 
South  Carolina.  He  began  to  preach  first  as  an 
itinerant  minister,  but  afterwards  had  charge  of  a 


HANKS 


493 


1 1 ANNA 


number  of  churches.  lie  was  a  most  laborious  and 
zealous  preacher,  scattering  the  good  seed  of  the 
gospel,  on  both  sides  of  the  Savannah  River,  from 
Savannah  to  Augusta,  most  faithfully  and  earnestly, 
during  a  period  of  not  less  than  fifty  years,  from 
about  1785  to  1835.  He  died  Jan.  9,  1837. 

Hanks,  Rev.  Robert  Taylor,  was  born  April 
23,  1850;  a  man  of  more  than  ordinary  ability  and 
of  enviable  reputation.  His  theological  education 
was  received  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary  at  Greenville,  S.  C.  After  graduating 
he  took  charge  of  Barea  church,  near  Greenville, 
having  been  ordained  in  1871  at  Dalton.  In  1872 
he  went  to  Alabama,  and  entered  Howard  College, 
where  he  remained  some  time,  but  left  that  institu 
tion  to  enter  Richmond  College,  Ya.,  in  1873, 
where  he  spent  three  years.  In  the  summer  of 
1875  he  preached  for  the  Petersburg  church,  in 
the  interim  between  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Hatcher 
and  the  settlement  of  Dr.  Eaton.  On  the  15th  of 
October.  1876,  he  took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church 
at  Dalton.  Ga..  resigning  in  January,  1879,  to  as 
sume  the  pastorate  of  the  Albany  church,  where 
he  is  laboring  most  efficiently  at  present.  As  a 
preacher  he  is  pleasant  and  gracefr.l  in  manner. 
fluent  in  utterance,  sound  in  his  presentation  of 
truth,  and,  at  the  same  time,  tender  and  pathetic. 
His  social  and  genial  disposition,  combined  with 
an  earnest  and  sincere  piety,  has  always  won  for 
him  the  affection,  confidence,  and  esteem  of  those 
among  whom  he  labors.  lie  is  an  industrious 
worker,  and  fully  abreast  of  the  times  in  all  the 
great  benevolent  schemes  of  the  dav. 

Hanna,  Judge  William  Brantly,  was  born 

Nov.  23.  1835.  in  the  district  of  Soutliwark,  now 
within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  His 
parents  were,  and  still  are,  members  of  the  First 
church,  Philadelphia.  He  was  educated  at  both 
private  and  public  schools,  and  graduated  from  the 
Central  High  School  of  Philadelphia  in  July,  1853, 
when  he  determined  upon  a  professional  life;  he 
began  to  study  law  in  the  office  of  his  father,  John 
Hanna,  Esq.  He  graduated  from  the  law  depart 
ment  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
admitted  to  practise  Nov.  14,  1857.  He  was  sub 
sequently  appointed  an  assistant  to  the  district  at 
torney  of  the  county,  and  remained  in  that  position 
between  two  and  three  years.  In  1807  he  was 
elected  to  the  common  council  of  the  city ;  was 
re-elected  in  1870,  and,  before  the  expiration  of 
the  term,  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  select  coun 
cil.  In  October,  1872,  he  was  sent  to  represent  the 
second  senatorial  district  of  the  city  in  the  con 
vention  that  then  assembled  to  revise  and  amend 
the  constitution  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 
While  serving  as  a  member  of  the  convention  he 
was  re-elected  to  the  select  council  for  the  term 
of  three  years  beginning  Jan.  1,  1874.  The  new 


constitution  having  been  ratified  by  the  vote  of 
the  people,  and  having  provided  for  the  establish 
ment  of  an  orphans'  court  in  the  city  and  county 
of  Philadelphia,  he  was  nominated  as  one  of  the 


JUDGE    WILLIAM    BRAXTLV    IIAXXA. 

three  judges  who  should  compose  the  court.  In 
November.  1874,  he  was  elected  for  the  term  of 
ten  years  beginning  Jan.  1.  1S75.  and  he  has  been 
commissioned  president  judge,  which  office  he  still 
holds. 

Judge  ITanna  is  a  member  of  the  First  church, 
Philadelphia,  having  been  bapti/.ed  April  3.  1859. 
He  has  served  as  clerk  and  trustee,  and  is  at  pres 
ent  one  of  the  deacons  of  the  church.  He  is  also 
the  president  of  the  "  Baptist  Orphanage  of  Phila 
delphia,"  and  a  member  of  the  board  of  managers 
of  the  "American  Sunday-School  Union.''  These 
varied  and  repeated  appointments  in  secular  and 
religious  affairs  are  a  fitting  testimony  to  his  marked 
ability,  his  sterling  uprightness,  and  his  exemplary 
Christian  character.  He  is  one  of  the  best  judges 
in  the  State. 

Hanna,  Rev.  Thomas  Alexander  Thomson, 

sou  of  Thomas  Thomson  and  Matilda  (Carson) 
Ilanna,  was  born  in  County  Derry,  Ireland.  Aug. 
6,  1842;  his  grandfather,  Surgeon  Thomas  Ilanna. 
R.N.,  served  under  Nelson  ;  bis  mother  is  a  daugh 
ter  of  Rev.  Alexander  Carson,  LL.D.  :  spent  his 
childhood  in  Glasgow,  Scotland  :  came  to  America 
at  the  age  of  seven  :  converted  in  Xew  York  in  1858, 
and  bapti/.ed  by  Rev.  Ira  R,  Stuard  :  studied  eight 
years  in  Hamilton,  N.  Y. ;  ordained  in  I860  as  first 
pastor  of  Central  Baptist  church,  Williamsburg, 


JtAXXAX 


494 


1IAXSOX 


X.  Y.,  and  served  about  three  years  •.  then  first  pas 
tor  of  Fifth  church  in  same  place  more  than  four 
years  ;  in  1S74-7-")  traveled  in  Europe  and  the  East : 
settled  in  Plantsville,  Conn.,  in  1X75;  secretary  of 


REV.   THOMAS     ALEXANDER    THOMSON    IIANXA. 

Connecticut  Baptist  State  Convention  for  past  three 
years;  has  written  small  commentary  for  Bible 
Union,  and  numerous  articles  for  leading  Baptist 
periodicals;  married, in  1X70. Emily  Frances, daugh 
ter  of  Dr.  Adoniram  and  Emily  Judson  :  a  very 
scholarly  man  ;  a  student  in  several  languages. 

Hannan,  Rev.  Barton,  was  a  pioneer  preacher 
in  the  Mississippi  Territory,  who  suffered  persecu 
tion  under  the  Spanish  rule.  He  was  imprisoned 
for  preaching  soon  after  the  government  passed  into 
the  hands  of  the  Spaniards,  and  remained  several 
years  in  jail,  until  near  the  time  of  the  change  of 
government.  When  his  wife  went  to  the  com 
mandant,  Don  Manuel  C.ayoso  de  Lemos,  and  de 
manded  the  release  of  her  husband,  he  endeavored 
to  evade  her  demand  by  caressing  her  babe  and 
making  it  rich  presents.  The  resolute  woman 
said  to  him,  "  I  don't  want  your  presents  ;  I  want 
my  husband/'  He  replied,  "  I  cannot  grant  your 
request,  madam.''  She  answered,  "I  will  have 
him  before  to-morrow  morning,  or  this  place  shall 
be  deluged  in  blood  ;  for  there  are  men  enough 
who  have  pledged  themselves  to  release  him  before 
morning  or  die  in  the  attempt."  The  governor 
deemed  it  prudent  to  yield  to  the  demand  of  this 
resolute  woman,  and  Hannan  was  released.  He 
lived  to  preach  the  gospel  unmolested  under  the 
flair  of  the  United  States. 


Hansard  Knollys  Society,  The,  was  instituted 

by  our  English  brethren  to  republish  some  of  the 
valuable  writings  of  their  fathers,  and  to  issue  im 
portant  records  never  printed  before.  Ten  volumes 
are  the  results  of  its  judicious  efforts.  The  first 
appeared  in  1X40.  and  contains  "  Tracts  on  Liberty 
of  Conscience  and  Persecution,"  from  1014  to  1601  ; 
the  second,  "  The  Unpublished  Records  of  the 
Broadmead  Church,  Bristol,"  from  1040  to  16X0; 
the  third,  "The  Pilgrim's  Progress."  printed  from 
the  first  edition  :  the  fourth,  '•  The  Bloudy  Tenent 
of  Persecution,"  by  Roger  Williams ;  the  fifth.  "A 
Necessity  of  Separation  from  the  Church  of  Eng 
land."  by  John  Oanne  ;  the  sixth  and  eighth  con 
tain  Van  Braght's  "  Martyrology  of  the  Churches 
of  Christ,"  translated  from  the  Dutch:  the  seventh 
contains  Du  Veil's  •'  Commentary  on  the  Acts  of 
the  Apostles"  ;  the  ninth,  '•  The  Records  of  the 
Fenstanton,  Warboys,  and  Ilexham  Churches," 
from  1044  to  1720;  the  tenth.  ••Confessions  of 
Faith  and  other  Public  Documents  of  the  Baptist 
Churches  of  England  in  the  Seventeenth  Cen 
tury." 

These  works  are  of  rare  value,  and  they  have 
numerous  and  important  notes.  No  Baptist  min 
ister  who  can  secure  them  should  be  without  them. 
Unfortunately,  the  Hansard  Knollys  Society  is 
dead. 

Hanson,  James  Hobbs,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 

China.  Me.,  June  20,  1810.  His  ancestors  on  both 
sides  were  of  English  origin,  and  among  the  early 
settlers  of  New  England.  His  youth  was  spent 
amid  the  scenes  and  toils  of  farm-life,  in  the  enjoy 
ment  of  such  intellectual  advantages  as  the  com 
mon  school  and  an  occasional  term  at  the  village 
academy  were  capable  of  affording.  His  earliest 
and  strongest  wish  was  to  obtain  an  education. 
When  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age  he  became  a 
hopeful  Christian.  Soon  after  he  commenced  his 
regular  preparation  for  college.  Even  at  that  early 
period  he  had  decided  to  make  teaching  the  business 
of  his  life.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Waterville  Col 
lege,  now  Colby  University,  taking  a  distinguished 
position  as  a  scholar  in  the  class  of  1X42.  The  year 
after  graduation  was  spent  in  teaching  in  Ilamp- 
den.  Me.  In  September,  1X43.  he  entered  upon 
his  duties  as  principal  of  Waterville  Academy, 
where  he  remained  till  March,  1X53.  At  that  time 
he  took  charge  of  the  high  school  in  Eastport,  Me. 
In  January,  1X57.  an  invitation  to  become  princi 
pal  of  the  boys'  high  school  in  Portland,  Me.,  was 
accepted.  Here  lie  taught  for  a  little  more  than 
eight  years,  at  the  end  of  which  he  was  urged  to 
return  to  Waterville  to  take  charge  of  the  acad 
emy  with  which  he  had  formerly  been  connected. 
Here  he  commenced  anew  his  labors,  and  has  con 
tinued  at  his  post  up  to  the  present  time.  In  ad 
dition  to  the  discharge  of  his  duties  as  a  teacher, 


HARALSON 


495 


HARDING 


Mr.  Hanson  has  annotated  and  published  Caesar's 
"  Commentaries  on  the  Gallic  War,"  Sallust's  "  Cati 
line.''  a  volume  of  Cicero's  orations  in  connection 
with  Mr.  J.  W.  Rolfe,  of  Cambridge,  Mass.,  a  vol 
ume  of  extracts  from  Ovid.  Virgil,  and  Horace, 
called  "The  Hand-Book  of  Latin  Poetry."  In 
1872  he  received  from  his  alma  mater  the  honorary 
degree  of  LL.D. 

Haralson,  Judge  Jonathan,  a  fine  jurist,  judge 

of  the  city  court  of  Selma,  a  most  useful  member 
of  the  Selma  Baptist  church,  and  president  of  the 
Baptist  Convention  of  Alabama,  was  born  Oct.  IS, 
1830,  in  Lovvndes  County.  Mr.  Ilaralson  gradu 
ated  in  the  State  University,  under  Dr.  Manly,  in 
1851,  and  in  1852  in  New  Orleans  in  the  law-school 
of  Louisiana.  In  1853  he  settled  in  Selma,  where 
he  maintained  a  first-class  practice  until  1875,  when 
he  was  appointed  by  the  governor  of  the  State  judge 
of  the  city  court  of  Selma.  He  is  a  trustee  of 
Howard  College  and  of  the  Agricultural  and  Me 
chanical  Colleges  of  the  State. 

He  united  with  the  Baptist  Church  when  four 
teen  years  of  age, — and  he  became  a  deacon  of  the 
Selma  church  in  1855  ;  was  the  efficient  superin 
tendent  of  the  Sunday-school  for  seven  years  ;  has 
been  sent  to  Europe  on  important  professional 
business  twice.  Judge  Haralson  maybe  reckoned 
among  the  most  distinguished  laymen  in  the  State, 
and  his  brother  Hugh  is  7iot  less  so. 

Hardin,  Charles  Henry,  ex-governor  of  Mis 
souri  and  founder  of  the  female  college  that  bears 
his  name,  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1820.  His 
ancestors  from  colonial  times  lived  in  Fairfax  Co., 
Va.  His  father  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  after 
wards  to  Missouri,  where  he  settled  in  Boone 
County.  Charles  II.  had  good  literary  opportu 
nities,  of  which  he  availed  himself,  and,  after 
graduating  with  honor,  pursued  the  study  of  law, 
and  in  1843  commenced  practice  at  Fulton.  Being 
elected  a  justice  of  the  peace,  he  was  early  noted 
for  his  correct  decisions.  His  business  increased, 
until  he  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  labori 
ous,  efficient,  and  sound  lawyers  within  reach.  In 
1852  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  and  after 
wards  re-elected  ;  and  he  was  chosen  while  there, 
with  two  others,  to  revise  and  compile  the  State 
statutes,  and  then  to  superintend  their  publication. 
After  serving  in  the  house  of  representatives  six 
years  he  was  elected  to  the  senate,  in  which  he  was 
honored  as  chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee. 

In  1861  he  removed  to  his  present  home  in  Mex 
ico,  Audrain  Co.  Here  his  professional  services  were 
extensively  sought.  After  a  period  of  ten  years 
he  was  again  sent  to  the  senate,  and  honored  as 
before  with  the  chairmanship  of  the  judiciary  com 
mittee,  and  also  with  that  of  the  asylum  committee. 
In  1874  he  was  elected  governor  of  the  State  by  a 
majority  of  more  than  40.000.  and  by  his  wise 


management  he  was  instrumental  in  restoring  the 
credit  of  the  State  bonds.  After  serving  out  his 
term,  he  retired  to  his  home,  where  he  is  honored 
and  beloved  for  his  great  abilities,  unswerving 
honesty,  and  Christian  generosity.  The  cause  of 


GOVERNOR    rilARLES    HEVRY    HARDI.V. 

education  finds  in  him  a  devoted  friend.  The 
female  college,  one  of  the  results  of  his  benefac 
tions,  which  he  has  endowed,  and  which  he  con 
tinues  to  aid,  exerts  an  extensive  influence  over  the 
State.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church. 

Hardin  College. — This  young  ladies'  school  was 
founded  in  1873,  by  Gov.  Charles  II.  Hardin.  He 
gave  $40,000  in  lands  and  cash  to  establish  it. 
The  college  buildings  are  complete,  and  of  modern 
style.  The  grounds  are  extensive  and  finely  ar 
ranged.  Mrs.  II.  T.  Baird  is  the  experienced  and 
accomplished  president.  The  course  of  study  is 
comprehensive  and  thorough.  Upwards  of  100 
students  were  in  attendance  last  year.  It  is  located 
at  Mexico,  Audrain  Co.,  Mo. 

Harding,  Rev.  Harris,  one  of  the  fathers  of 
the  Baptist  denomination  in  Nova  Scotia,  was  born 
Oct.  10,  1701,  in  Horton,  Nova  Scotia;  converted 
under  Henry  Alline's  preaching,  in  Cornwallis.  in 
1783  ;  evangelized  in  1785  in  Colchester  and  Cum 
berland  Counties  ;  in  Chester  in  1788  ;  in  Annapolis 
County  in  1789;  in  Yarmouth.  Onslow,  and  Am- 
herst  in  1790;  in  Liverpool,  Argyle,  and  Barring- 
ton  -in  1791  ;  ordained  at  Onslow,  Sept,  16,  1794; 
was  immersed  as  a  Baptist  in  Yarmouth,  Aug.  28. 
1799,  by  Rev.  James  Manning;  took  part  in  form 
ing  the  Baptist  Association,  June  23,  1800;  was  a 


HARDING 


496 


HARDWICKE 


pioneer  of  tlie  gospel  in  1817  to  Cape  (Junso,  to 
Westport  in  1S18.  Mr.  Harding  had  a  passion  for 
the  conversion  of  sinners  ;  and  to  his  labors,  under 
God,  is  largely  to  be  attributed  the  growth  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  Yarmouth.  Died  March  7, 
1X54,  in  the  ninety-third  year  of  his  age. 

Harding,  Rev.  John,  a  prominent  and  useful 
preacher  of  Green  Co..  Ky.,  was  born,  of  Baptist 
parentage,  in  Washington  Co..  Ky.,  Jan.  10,  1785. 
His  education  was  finished  under  Kev.  N.  II.  Hall. 
He  joined  Pitman's  Creek  Baptist  church,  in  Green 
County,  at  the  ago  of  twenty-five.  Two  years 
afterwards  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry,  and  be 
came  pastor  of  Pitman's  Creek  and  other  churches. 
He  was  a  man  of  extensive  reading,  and  he  was 
a  strong  logical  preacher  and  writer.  lie  was  a 


tered  to  the  Baptistchurch,Fredericton,  New  Bruns 
wick,  three  years  from  1818;  evangelized  in  Pictou 
and  in  Prince  Edward  Island  in  1826.  The  church 
celebrated  the  jubilee  of  his  pastorate  Feb.  13, 
1846;  died  June  8,  1855.  Was  a  warm  friend  of 
llorton  Academy  and  Acadia  College.  Strongly 
doctrinal,  deeply  emotional,  quick  and  elastic, 
Theodore  Seth  Harding  was  pre-eminently  the  Bap 
tist  orator  of  the  Maritime  Provinces. 

Hardwicke,  J.  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Bucking 
ham  Co.,  Va.,  Aug.  9,  1830.  At  the  age  of  twelve 
he  made  a  profession  of  religion,  and  united  with 
the  Enon  Baptist  church.  In  1852  he  was  ordained 
at  the  Enon  church,  in  order  that  he  might  accept 
calls  to  two  churches  in  Campbell  Co.,  Va.  He  at 
once  became  prominent  among  the  young  preachers 


H.VRDIN-    COLLEGE. 


brother  of  Hon.  Aaron  Harding,  and  uncle  of 
Chief-Justice  M.  R.  Harding.  Died  Nov.  11,  1854. 

Harding,  John  H.,  was  born  in  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick  ;  converted  and  baptized  in  Wolfville, 
Nova  Scotia,  while  attending  llorton  Academy,  in 
1834  :  is  a  deacon  of  the  Baptist  church,  Germain 
Street.  St.  John  ;  was  treasurer  of  the  New  Bruns 
wick  Baptist  Home  Missionary  Board,  and  is  a  firm 
friend  of  all  denominational  enterprises. 

Harding,  Rev.  Theodore  Seth,  a  founder  of 
the  Baptist  denomination  in  Nova  Scotia,  was  born 
in  Barrington,  Nova  Scotia,  March  14.  1773;  con 
verted  in  1787  ;  commenced  preaching  in  1793  ;  with 
drew  from  the  Methodist  denomination,  and  was 
baptized  at  Halifax.  May  31,  1795  ;  ordained  pastor 
of  the  llorton  church,  July  31,  1796  ;  evangelized 
and  baptized  in  Cobiquid,  1799  ;  took  part  in  form 
ing  the  Baptist  Association,  June  23,  1800;  minis- 


of  the  country.  In  1853  he  accepted  a  call  to  Green 
field,  Va.,  where  he  remained  for  seven  years.  Here 
his  special  mission  seems  to  have  been  to  aid  in 
rescuing  the  churches  from  the  growing  influence 
of  anti-mission  teachers.  His  next  call  was  from 
Danville,  which  he  declined,  and  after  the  call  was 
repeated,  he  agreed  to  divide  his  time  with  them 
until  they  could  secure  a  pastor.  In  1860  he  ac 
cepted  a  call  to  the  Second  church  of  Petersburg, 
and  remained  there  until  1864.  Now  his  time  was 
divided  between  his  church  and  the  hospitals  that 
were  established  in  Petersburg  during  the  war. 
His  next  field  was  Goldsborough,  N.  C.,  where  he 
spent  several  years  of  successful  labor.  Afterwards 
he  removed  to  Parkersburg,  W.  Va.  Here  he  com 
menced  the  publication  of  the  Baptist  Record,  which 
he  edited  for  five  years.  His  efforts  here  aided  in 
uniting  the  Baptists  of  West  Virginia  in  their  sup- 


HARDY 


497 


HARTKR 


port  of  one  general  organization,  and  in  harmon 
izing  churches  that  had  been  rent  asunder  by  the 
civil  war.  In  1873  the  College  of  West  Virginia 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 
The  year  following  he  accepted  a  call  to  Atchison, 
Kansas.  He  served  there  for  two  years  and  nine 
months,  was  then  called  to  Leavenworth,  the  largest 
city  in  the  State.  While  in  Kansas  he  was  record 
ing  secretary,  then  president,  arid  afterwards  cor 
responding  secretary  of  the  State  Convention.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors,  and 
a  trustee  of  Ottawa  University.  He  rendered  val 
uable  aid  in  freeing  this  school  from  financial  em 
barrassments  and  difficulties  that  hindered  its  pros 
perity.  At  present  Dr.  Hardwicke  lives  at  Bryan. 
Texas,  and  is  pastor  of  a  large  and  influential 
church.  From  early  life  he  has  been  a  regular 
contributor  to  various  secular  and  religious  peri 
odicals,  and  he  has  published  several  sermons. 

Hardy,  Col.  William  H.,  a  prominent  lawyer 
at  Meridian,  Miss.,  was  born  in  Alabama  in  1S37, 
and  became  a  Baptist  at  the  age  of  fourteen.  He 
took  a  partial  course  at  Cumberland  University. 
Tenn.  In  1856  he  came  to  Mississippi  and  engaged 
in  teaching.  He  began  the  practice  of  law  in  1858, 
and  at  once  became  prominent  at  the  bar.  and  he 
now  occupies  the  front  rank  of  his  profession  in 
Eastern  Mississippi.  He  commanded  a  company 
in  the  Confederate  army,  and  was  afterwards  on  the 
staff  of  Gen.  J.  A.  Smith  as  assistant  adjutant-gen 
eral.  In  1872  he  was  elected  grand  master  of  the 
Masons  ;  was  tendered  the  nomination  for  governor 
of  the  State  ;  was  once  elected  vice-president  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  ;  Presidential  elector 
in  1876.  Col.  Hardy  has  always  taken  an  active 
part  in  the  denominational  work  in  Mississippi. 

Harkness,  Prof.  Albert,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  was 

born  in  Mendon,  Mass.,  and  was  a  graduate  of 
Brown  University  in  the  class  of  L842.  For  nearly 
six  years  after  his  graduation  he  held  an  important 
position  as  an  instructor  in  the  Providence  High 
School.  In  the  fall  of  1853  he  went  abroad  to 
pursue  his  studies  in  the  German  universities,  and 
was  absent  two  years.  He  first  attended  lectures 
at  the  University  of  Bonn.  From  Bonn  he  went 
to  Berlin,  and  from  it  to  Cottingen.  The  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  was  conferred  upon  him 
by  the  University  of  Bonn.  Returning  home  early 
in  the  fall  of  1855.  he  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
Professor  of  the  Greek  Language  and  Literature  in 
Brown  University.  In  1870  he  went  abroad  the 
second  time,  and  was  absent  a  little  over  a  year, 
studying  at  Bonn.  Heidelberg,  and  Berlin,  and 
making  extensive  tours  through  different  parts  of 
Europe. 

Prof.  Harkness  has  published  several  works  con 
nected  with  his  special  department,  and  others  de 
signed  to  aid  the  student  in  Latin.  Of  these  the 


best  known  arid  most  popular  is  his  Latin  gram 
mar,  first  published  in  1864.  which  has  had  a  very 
large  circulation.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of 


PRO]'.    AU5KRT    HAHKNESS,    PH.D..    I.L.D. 

the  Philological  Association,  and  its  president  in 
I87C-77.  It  is  matter  for  just  pride  that  we  have 
in  the  Baptist  denomination  so  accomplished  and 
well  known  a  scholar  as  Prof.  Harkness. 

Harmon,  Rev.  G.  W.,  was  born  in  Davidson 
Co..  X.  C.,  March  29,  1847:  baptized  by  Rev.  Win. 
Turner  in  1X66;  attended  Abbott's  Creek  Academy 
and  Xew  Garden  College  ;  was  ordained  in  August, 
1S71,  Revs.  Win.  Turner,  W.  M.  Bostick.  Enoch 
Crutchfield,  J.  II.  Brook,  and  J.  B.  Richardson 
forming  the  Presbytery  ;  graduated  at  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary  in  May,  1874;  settled 
as  pastor  at  Wadesborough  in  January,  1875,  where 
he  still  remains. 

Harper,  Rev.  Pleasant  Howard,  is  a  leading 

preacher  and  missionary  in  Washington  Territory. 
Born  in  Claiborne  Co.,  Tenn.,  Feb.  1,  1836;  edu 
cated  in  the  public  schools;  baptized  in  i860; 
licensed  and  ordained  in  1871,  he  began  his  minis 
try  at  once  in  the  Territory  as  pastor  at  Elma  two 
years ;  labored  two  years  as  missionary  of  the 
Home  Mission  Society  on  the  line  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  :  organized  the  Centerville  church, 
and  was  its  pastor  two  years;  then  labored  with 
the  White  River  church  two  years  :  gave  important 
help  to  the  Brush  Prairie  church,  and  is  now  at 
Goldendale,  where  he  is  aided  by  the  Baptist  Con 
vention  of  the  Xorth  Pacific  coast.  He  is  a  good 
scholar,  a  steadfast  Christian  worker,  and  has  held 


11 AR  It 


498 


HARRIS 


important  civil  and  military  positions  which  were 
thrust  upon  him  by  the  people.  Throughout  the 
Territory  lie  is  recognized  as  une  of  the  most  im 
portant  men  in  that  new  and  growing  field,  where 
the  harvest  is  great  and  the  laborers  are  l'e\v. 

Harris,  Rev.  Austin,  a  teacher  and  preacher 
of  prominence  in  North  Louisiana,  was  born  in 
Georgia  in  1835;  was  ordained  in  1^58,  and  the 
next  year  removed  to  Louisiana.  He  founded  a 
school  at  Arizona,  in  (Jlaiborne  Parish,  where  he 
has  successfully  taught,  and  preached  to  surround 
ing  churches. 

Harris,  Rev.  Benjamin  N.,  was  born  in  Brook- 
line,  Mass.,  in  1783.  For  twelve  years  he  was  a 
Methodist  minister,  lie  changed  his  views  on  the 
subject  of  baptism,  and  connected  himself  with  a 
Baptist  church  in  \Vrentham,  Mass.  His  service 
for  Christ  in  the  ministry  of  the  gospel  extended 
over  a  period  of  fifty  years.  lie  preached  in  all 
the  New  England  States,  in  New  York,  and  Can 
ada,  and  came  at  last  to  be  known  everywhere  as 
"Father"  Harris,  and  was  greatly  beloved  and  es 
teemed.  He  died  in  Bolton.  Mass..  March  3,  1859. 

Harris,  Rev.  David,  was  born  in  Cornwallis, 
Nova  Scotia,  in  1785  ;  converted  at  Bridgetown, 
Nova  Scotia,  in  1800,  and  subsequently  baptized; 
ordained  July  23,  1814,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church, 
Sackville,  New  Brunswick.  His  pastoral  and  mis 
sionary  labors  were  very  successful  in  the  Maritime 
Provinces,  especially  in  Nova  Scotia.  Died  April 
15,  1853. 

Harris,  Rev.  E.  L.,  was  born  in  Ira,  Cayuga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  -Jan.  12.  1816.  In  1833  he  united  with 
the  Baptist  church  at  Cato.  In  1839  he  entered 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution, 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1843.  He  was  or 
dained  August  31  of  the  same  year  by  the  church 
in  Pike.  Wyoming  Co.,  N.  Y.,  which  he  served  two 
and  a  half  years,  the  church  at  Rush  ford,  Allegany 
Co.,  five  years,  and  in  the  fall  of  1850  he  came  to 
Wisconsin  and  settled  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
Beloit  as  pastor.  Here  his  ministry  was  blessed 
with  an  extensive  revival.  He  subsequently  served 
as  pastor  the  Baptist  church  in  Walworth  three 
years,  the  Baptist  church  in  Darien  ten  years  (this 
church  he  gathered  and  organized,  and  built  their 
meeting-house),  the  Baptist  church  in  Sugar  Creek 
two  years,  the  Baptist  church  in  East  Delavan  one 
year,  the  Baptist  church  in  Greenwood,  111.,  nearly 
one  year.  He  was  called  a  second  time  by  the 
Baptist  church  in  Walworth,  serving  eighteen 
months. 

During  the  war  he  spent  some  months  as  chap 
lain  in  the  army. 

Mr.  Harris  has  frequently  been  moderator  of  the 
well-known  Walworth  Baptist  Association,  and  he 
was  for  one  year  president  of  the  Wisconsin  Bap 
tist  State  Convention. 


His  ministerial  labors  have  often  been  inter 
rupted  by  ill  health.  He  resides  near  Delavan, 
Wis..  which  has  been  his  family  home  for  many 
years.  He  has  been  a  faithful  and  devoted  minister 
of  the  gospel. 

Harris,  Rev.  George  W.,  was  born  in  Nassau. 
Rensselaer  Co..  N.  Y.,  .Jan.  8,  1813.  the  son  of 
Rev.  -John  Harris.  He  studied  at  Hamilton,  com 
pleting  the  collegiate  course  in  1840  and  the  theo 
logical  course  in  1842.  He  was  ordained  in  Pitts- 
lield.  Mass.,  in  January,  1843,  and  the  next  year 
became  pastor  in  Jackson,  Mich.  In  1848  he  be 
came  editor  of  the  Mirhitjan  Christian  Herald,  and 
served  in  that  office  fifteen  years.  Since  1863  he 
has  resided  in  Battle  Creek,  writing  for  various 
periodicals,  and  preaching  as  opportunity  has  of 
fered.  He  is  a  ready  and  perspicuous  writer. 

Harris,  Henry  Herbert,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Louisa  Co..  \n..  Dec.  17.  1837.  Trained  by  parents 


HENRY    HERBERT    HARRIS.   D.D. 

of  piety  and  intelligence,  in  consequence  of  early 
afflictions  his  mind  frequently  turned  to  Jesus,  and 
in  November,  1852,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  was 
baptized,  and  united  with  the  Lower  Gold  Mine 
church,  Va.  lie  entered  at  once  on  active  work  in 
the  Sunday-school  and  prayer-meetings,  and  in 
1857  was  licensed  to  preach.  His  preparation  for 
his  college  course  had  been  so  advanced  and  thor 
ough,  that  in  October,  1854,  he  entered  the  Junior 
class  of  Richmond  College,  graduating  with  the  de 
gree  of  A.B.  in  July,  1856.  In  1857  he  entered  the 
University  of  Virginia  with  his  younger  brother, 
Prof.  J.  M.  Harris,  now  of  Furman  University, 


HARRIS 


499 


HARRIS 


S.  C.  At  the  termination  of  three  years  he  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  A.M.,  having  studied  Hebrew 
and  applied  mathematics  in  addition  to  the  regular 
course.  He  was  at  this  time  invited  to  the  chair 
of  Greek  in  Richmond  College,  lint  having  a  strong 
predilection  for  scientific  studios,  lie  accepted  a 
proffered  position  in  the  Albemarle  Female  Insti 
tute.  At  the  close  of  the  first  session,  July,  1861, 
though  exempt  from  military  duty  and  frail  in 
health,  he  volunteered  as  a  private  soldier,  and 
made  the  campaign  of  that  summer  and  fall  in 
the  Kanawha  Valley  as  an  infantry  rifleman,  en 
gaged  in  scouts  and  skirmishes.  In  December  his 
company  was  disbanded,  and,  thinking  the  war  al 
ready  over,  he  entered,  in  January,  1862,  the  South 
ern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  at  Greenville, 
S.  C.  After  one  month's  stay  at  the  seminary  he 
learned  that  his  old  regiment  was  in  peril  at  Iloan- 
oke  Island,  X.  C. ;  left  at  once  to  join  them,  and 
was  prevented  from  doing  so  by  their  capture.  He 
Avent  to  Virginia:  joined  a  battery  of  field  artil 
lery,  afterwards  attached  to  the  corps  of  Gen. 
Stonewall  Jackson,  and  took  part  in  most  of  the 
great  battles  fought  under  that  leader,  including 
his  last  at  Chancellorsville.  In  June,  1863.  he  was 
honored  Avith  an  unsought  commission  as  first  lieu 
tenant  in  a  regiment  of  engineer  troops,  about  to 
be  organized  for  the  army  of  Northern  Virginia,  in 
which  capacity  he  was  engaged  in  the  manifold 
duties  of  reconnoitring,  selecting  routes  of  march 
and  lines  of  battle,  bridging  streams,  running  coun 
termines,  and.  upon  occasion,  taking  active  part 
in  engagements  up  to  the  time  of  Gen.  Lee's  sur 
render  at  Appomattox  Court-House,  in  April.  1865. 
In  the  following  October  he  resumed  his  former  po 
sition  as  instructor  in  the  Albemarle  Female  Insti 
tute;  and,  on  the  reorganization  of  Richmond  Col 
lege,  in  July,  1866,  he  was  again  invited  to  the 
chair  of  Greek,  which  he  accepted,  and  has  con 
tinued  to  fill  up  to  this  time,  with  the  exception  of 
an  interruption  of  six  months  in  1878.  spent  in  a 
visit  to  Palestine  and  Greece. 

Prof.  Harris  began  his  ministry  in  1859  by  preach 
ing  to  a  congregation  of  colored  persons.  In  1860- 
61  lie  filled  an  appointment  once  a  month  at  an  old 
free  church  near  Charlottesville.  In  1864  the  col 
onel  of  an  infantry  regiment  applied  to  the  Wai- 
Department  for  his  appointment  as  chaplain,  but 
the  application  was  refused,  on  the  ground  "  that 
so  good  an  officer  could  not  be  spared,  and  that  he 
Avas  already  doing  much  of  a  chaplain's  Avork  in 
his  own  command."  From  1868  to  1870,  Prof. 
Harris  preached  regularly  at  a  small  house  in  the 
suburbs  of  Richmond,  where  he  had  gathered  a 
Sunday-school  and  congregation.  When  a  church 
was  organized  at  this  place,  he  Avas  ordained,  July 
4,  1869,  and  became  the  pastor.  In  less  than  a 
year,  in  consequence  of  ill  health,  he  was  com 


pelled  to  resign,  and  since  that  time  he  has  been 
able  to  preach  but  seldom.  In  the  field  of  litera 
ture,  Prof.  Harris  is  known  by  several  admirable 
reports  and  addresses  before  educational  meetings 
in  his  OAvn  State,  at  Marion,  Ala.,  at  Philadelphia, 
and  also  by  contributions  to  periodicals,  chiefly  to 
the  Religions  Herald,  Richmond,  Va.  From  1873 
to  1876  he  Avas  the  editor  of  the  Educational  Jour 
nal  of  Virginia,  and  in  1877  of  the  Foreign  Mission 
Journal,  the  organ  of  the  boards  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Convention.  Upon  the  organization  of  the 
Virginia  Baptist  Historical  Society,  in  June,  1876, 
he  was  elected  its  secretary  and  treasurer,  Avhich 
offices  he  still  holds.  In  addition  to  his  other 
duties.  Prof.  Harris  is  now  the  junior  editor  of  the 
Richmond  Religious  Herald. 

Harris,  Judge  Ira,  was  born  May  31.  1802.  at 
Charleston,  Montgomery  Co.,  X.  Y..  and  died  in 
Albany,  X.  Y.,  Dec.  2.  1875.  In  1808  his  parents 


JUDGE    IRA    HARRIS. 

moved  into  Cortland  County  and  settled  on  a  farm. 
In  1815  he  entered  the  academy  in  Homer,  Avhere 
he  was  prepared  to  enter  college.  In  1822  he 
joined  the  Junior  class  in  Union  College,  and  grad 
uated  with  the  highest  honors  in  1824.  He  com 
menced  the  study  of  law  under  Augustus  Donnelly, 
Esq.,  of  Homer,  and  subsequently  entered  the  office 
of  Chief-Justice  Ambrose  Spencer,  at  Albany,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1827.  He  soon  rose  to 
prominence  in  his  profession.  In  1844  and  1845 
he  represented  Albany  County  in  the  Assembly, 
and  in  1846  he  Avas  chosen  to  a  seat  in  the  State 
convention  to  revise  the  constitution. 


HAH  It  IK 


HARRISON 


In  the  autumn  of  tho  same  year  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  senate,  ami  in  1S-47  he  was  chosen  to 
a  seat  on  the  bench  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
State.  At  the  expiration  of  four  years  he  was  re- 
elected  for  the  entire  term  of  eight  years. 

On  leaving  the  bench,  Judge  Harris  spent  a  year 
in  foreign  travel,  and  in  18(51  was  elected  by  the 
New  York  Legislature  to  the  Senate  of  tho  United 
States  to  succeed  William  II.  Seward,  who  had 
been  called  to  Mr.  Lincoln's  cabinet.  As  a  lawyer, 
a  legislator,  a  judge,  a  statesman,  Ira  Harris  was 
above  reproach.  In  the  dark  days  of  the  war  he 
stood  firmly  by  the  government. 

After  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  State  constitutional  convention  of 
New  York,  when  he  delivered  the  celebrated  speech 
on  the  "  Government  of  Cities." 

He  was  an  ardent  promoter  of  higher  education. 
He  was  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Union 
College,  president  of  Albany  Medical  College,  and 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Vassar  College;  also 
one  of  the  founders  of  Rochester  University.  He 
also  filled  the  chair  of  Equity.  Jurisprudence,  and 
Practice  in  the  Albany  Law  School. 

Judge  Harris  was  a  devoted  Christian,  an  officer 
of  the  Emmanuel  Baptist  church,  Albany,  and  for 
years  was  president  of  the  American  Baptist  Mis 
sionary  Union.  He  traced  his  ancestors  back  to 
the  colonists  in  Rhode  Island  led  by  Roger  Wil 
liams,  whose  principles  of  religious  liberty  he 
seemed  to  inherit.  His  lecture  on  the  life  and 
character  of  the  great  founder  of  the  Baptist  de 
nomination  in  America  will  long  be  remembered 
by  the  people  of  Albany. 

Harris,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Rensselaer  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  19,  17'JO,  and  died  in  Battle  Creek, 
Mich..  Oct.  11,  1864.  In  the  summer  and  fall  of 
1812  he  served  in  the  army  of  the  United  States. 
In  1815  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Enoch  Ferris, 
whom  he  succeeded  as  pastor  at  Nassau,  N.  Y.,  the 
next  year.  For  ten  years  he  was  pastor  here,  and 
for  ten  years  following  at  South  Ballston.  lie  then 
settled  in  Battle  Creek,  where  he  spent  the  remain 
der  of  his  life  preaching  to  various  churches  in  that 
vicinity  during  twenty-eight  years  of  hard  labor 
and  privation.  lie  was  recognized  as  a  represen 
tative  Baptist  clergyman  of  Michigan,  and  an  earn 
est  advocate  of  all  beneficent  and  wholesome  re 
forms. 

Harris,  Prof.  J.  M.,  is  one  of  Virginia's  many 
valuable  gifts  to  South  Carolina.  Although  the 
soil  of  the  two  States  does  not  touch,  "  they  have 
always,"  as  Dr.  Jeter  once  said  in  the  South  Caro 
lina  State  Convention,  "  sympathized  and  generally 
gone  hand  in  hand,  and  this  is  especially  true  of 
the  Baptists  of  the  two  States." 

Prof.  Harris  is  now  a  little  over  forty  years  of 
age.  His  parents  were  pious,  nrid  tried  to  bring  up 


their  children  in  the  ways  of  the  Lord,  and  their 
son's  conversion  in  his  thirteenth  year  was  the  fruit 
of  their  training. 

lie  entered  the  University  of  Virginia  Oct.  1, 
J859.  and  received  the  degree  of  A. B.  in  July,  1860, 
and  of  A.M.  July  1,  1861.  He  served  in  the  artil 
lery  during  the  war.  In  February,  1869,  he  be 
came  Professor  of  Natural  Sciences  in  Furman 
University,  and  is  still  doing  excellent  service  in 
that  position. 

Harris,  Rev.  Tyre,  was  born  in  Boone  Co.,  Mo., 
Aug.  9,  1824.  lie  made  a  profession  of  religion 
when  seventeen  years  of  age.  and  joined  the  Beth 
lehem  Baptist  church.  He  was  baptized  by  the 
beloved  Fielding  Willhite,  pastor  of  the  church. 
He  commenced  preaching  when  nineteen  years  of 
age.  He  was  a  young  man  of  brilliant  talents  and 
deep  piety,  and  he  was  eminently  successful  in 
winning  souls  to  Christ. 

lie  was  a  warm  advocate  of  missionary  and  be 
nevolent  efforts.  lie  was  pastor  at  Fayette,  Mount 
Pleasant,  Booneville,  Big  Lick,  and  Mount  Nebo. 
He  was  president  for  one  year  of  Stephens  College, 
Columbia,  and  he  was  also  pastor  of  the  church  in 
that  place. 

He  afterwards  took  the  care  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Lexington,  Mo.,  and  died  a  few  months  after,  in 
September,  1804. 

He  was  highly  esteemed  by  all.  Happy  in  his 
associations  with  the  people,  earnest  and  eloquent 
in  his  preaching,  he  was  a  great  blessing  during 
his  ministry.  It  was  thought  that  his  zeal  and 
labors  shortened  his  life. 

Harrison,  Rev.  Edmund,  Professor  of  the  Latin 
Language  and  Literature  in  Richmond  College,  Va., 
was  born  at  "  The  Oaks."  Amelia  Co..  Va..  Feb. 
17,  1837.  He  prepared  for  college  in  the  Amelia 
Academy,  an  institution  established  and  conducted 
by  his  father,  Win.  H.  Harrison.  During  the  year 
1854  he  was  engaged  in  studying  law.  and  after 
wards  attended  lectures  at  the  law-school  of  the 
University  of  Virginia.  During  1855  he  was  en 
gaged  in  teaching  school  in  Cumberland  Co..  Va., 
after  which  he  returned  to  the  university,  took  the 
literary  course,  and  graduated  in  most  of  the  schools. 
After  graduation,  Mr.  Harrison  was  engaged  in 
teaching  in  the  Southern  Female  Institute  at  Rich 
mond,  where  his  scholarship  was  held  in  high  es 
teem.  The  war  breaking  out  about  this  time,  he 
entered  the  Confederate  army,  joining  the  ';  Pow- 
hatan  Troop"  as  a  private  soldier,  and  continuing 
in  active  service  until  failing  health  sent  him  to 
stationary  duty  in  the  Nitre  and  Mining  Bureau. 
In  1864  he  received  the  appointment  of  assistant  in 
the  Nitre  and  Mining  Corps,  with  the  rank  of  cap 
tain  of  cavalry,  and  was  promoted,  in  1865,  to  the 
rank  of  major,  in  consequence  of  a  valuable  report 
prepared  and  presented  by  him  to  Gen.  St.  John. 


HARRISON 


501 


HARRISON 


He  \vnis  with  the  army  under  Gen.  Johnston  when 
it  surrendered  at  Greensborough,  N.  C.  During 
1865  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  in  the  Richmond 
Female  Institute,  and  in  1866  was  elected  Professor 
of  Latin  in  Richmond  College,  a  position  which  he 
still  holds,  with  honor  to  himself  and  advantage  to 
the  institution.  Prof.  Harrison  was  converted  at 
the  age  of  sixteen,  and  united  with  the  Mount 
Tabor  Baptist  church,  Amelia  County.  For  some 
years  he  was  actively  engaged  in  Christian  labors, 
and,  feeling  it  to  be  his  duty  to  consecrate  himself 
to  the  ministry,  he,  in  1874,  received  ordination, 
and  is  now  engaged  in  preaching  regularly  to  two 
country  churches.  Prof.  Harrison  writes  occasion 
ally  for  different  periodicals,  secular  and  religious. 
Harrison,  Gen.  James  E.,  was  born  in  South 
Carolina  ;  early  joined  the  Baptist  Church  ;  was 
prominent  in  Baptist  affairs  in  Mississippi  many 
years  ;  served  in  the  State  senate  of  Mississippi ; 
was  attached  to  the  Confederate  army  during  the 


GE\.  JAMES    E.    HARRISON. 

whole  civil  war,  attaining  the  rank  of  major-gen 
eral.  In  civil  life  he  was  occupied  from  boyhood 
to  old  age  as  a  farmer.  He  was  an  earnest  worker 
in  all  the  missionary  and  educational  enterprises 
of  Texas,  and  was  first  president  of  the  General 
Association.  He  died  at  Waco,  about  the  sixty- 
fifth  year  of  his  age,  in  1874  or  1875. 

Harrison,  Richard,  M.D.,  was  born  in  South 
Carolina:  educated  in  Mississippi;  received  the 
degree  of  M.D.,  and  successfully  practised  medicine 
in  Mississippi  and  Texas.  At  an  early  age  he 
professed  religion,  and  joined  the  Baptist  Church  ; 


zealously  labored  for  benevolent  enterprises,  and 
served  the  Mississippi  Baptist  State  Convention  as 
its  president.  He  represented  Monroe  Co.,  Miss., 
in  the  State  senate.  After  moving  to  Texas  he 
took  an  active  part  in  Baptist  affairs.  He  possessed 
high  natural  gifts  as  an  orator.  He  was  a  younger 
brother  of  Gen.  James  E.  Harrison,  and  twin- 
brother  of  Col.  Isham  Harrison,  who  fell  at  the 
head  of  his  regiment  during  the  civil  war,  in  Mis 
sissippi.  Dr.  Harrison  was  married  three  times. 
His  last  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Win.  C. 
Beech.  Died  at  Waco,  Texas,  in  1877. 

Harrison,  Rev.  T.,  was  born  in  Sussex  Co., 
Va.,  Dec.  9,  1839  :  graduated  at  Columbian  College, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  in  1859;  taught  in  Georgia  two 
years  ;  served  through  the  late  war  in  the  cavalry  ; 
taught  from  1865  to  1873  in  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina:  was  ordained  in  Edenton,  N.  C..  in  1872, 
and  has  been  pastor  at  Hartford,  Apex,  Carthage, 
and  Greensborough.  Is  now  agent  of  Foreign 
Mission  Board  for  North  Carolina. 

Harrison,  Gen.  Thomas,  was  born  near  Nant- 
wich,  Cheshire,  England.  His  father,  like  the 
fathers  of  Henry  Ivirke  AVhite  and  Cardinal  Wolsey, 
was  a  butcher,  a  circumstance  that  led  such  an  ex 
cellent  lady  as  Mrs.  Lucy  Hutch inson  to  say  that 
"  he  was  a  mean  man's  son."  lie  had  a  respect 
able  education,  and  in  early  life  he  was  a  solicitor's 
clerk.  His  employer  was  on  the  side  of  Charles  I. ; 
but  Harrison,  from  the  beginning  of  the  trouble, 
was  witli  the  friends  of  liberty.  When  the  war 
commenced  he  became  a  cornet  in  the  Parliamen 
tary  army.  "  He  advanced,"  says  Clarendon,  "  by 
diligence  and  sobriety  to  the  grade  of  captain 
without  any  signal  notice  being  taken  of  him,  till 
the  army  was  remodeled,  when  Cromwell,  who 
possibly  had  knowledge  of  him  before,  found  him 
of  a  spirit  and  disposition  fit  for  his  service,  much 
given  to  prayer  and  to  preaching,  and  otherwise  of 
an  understanding  capable  of  beiiuj  trusted  in  any 
business  ;  and  then  he  was  preferred  very  fast,  so 
that  by  the  time  the  king  was  brought  to  the  army 
he  was  a  colonel  of  horse,  and  looked  upon  as  in 
ferior  to  few  after  Cromwell  and  Iretoii  in  the 
councils  of  the  officers  and  in  the  government  of 
the  agitators  ;  and  there  were  few  men  writh  whom 
Cromwell  more  communicated,  or  upon  whom  he 
more  depended  for  the  conduct  of  anything  com 
mitted  to  him.'1*  Lord  Clarendon  was  no  friend  of 
Gen.  Harrison,  and  his  testimony  to  his  ability  and 
prominence  may  be  taken  at  its  full  worth.  Har 
rison  was  speedily  known  all  over  the  United 
Kingdom  as  a  soldier  of  skill  and  daring,  and  he 
was  raised  to  the  rank  of  major-general,  arid  for 
a  considerable  period  was  justly  regarded  as  second 
only  to  Oliver  Cromwell.  When  Charles  I.  was  to 

*  Clarendon's  History  of  the  Rebellion,  iii.  247.     Oxford,  1706. 


HARRISON 


HAKKIHON 


be  tried  for  treason   against  his  subjects.  Harrison 
was    deemed    the    safest    man    to   bring    him    from 
Hurst  Castle  to  Windsor  and    London  :   for  lie  was 
regarded  as   proof  against  bribery  or  fears   for  the 
future.      The  soldiers  relied  upon  him  for  his  well- 
known   piety  :   he  prayed  in  their   meetings   for  re 
ligious   worship,   and    sometimes    delivered    gospel 
addresses   burning   with    holv   fervor;   and   his   life 
was   without    a   guilty  stain.      And    then    he  was  a 
deeided   republican  :   so    that   the    hero   of   Xaseby, 
as   long  as  he  fought  against   tyranny,  could  trust 
Harrison,  in   whom,    after   himself,    the   army  con- 
tided.      ••Harrison,"    says    Hume,    "was    raised    to 
the   highest  dignity,   and  was   possessed  of  Crom 
well's   confidence.''*      By    the    favor   of  Cromwell, 
and  of  the  Parliament,  of  which  he  was  a  very  in 
fluential  member,  lie  had   acquired  an  estate  worth 
Sld.OOO  a  year,  in  addition   to   his   professional    in 
come  :  and  he  lived  in  a  style  corresponding  with 
his  ample  means.      He  was  selected  as  one  of  the 
judges  to  trv  the  king,  arid  his  name  stands  boldly 
at  his  death-warrant.     He  reluctantly  consented  to 
aid  Cromwell    in   dispersing  the    Long  Parliament. 
When  the  fatal   day  arrived,  Cromwell,  during  the 
M'SMon.  told  him  "that  the  Parliament  was  ripe  for 
a  dissolution.'7  and   the   general    tried   to   persuade 
him  to  give  the  subject   further  consideration  :   and 
when  sometime  after,  Cromwell  declared  the  mem 
bers  "  no  Parliament,"  and  called  in  soldiers  to  re 
move  them.  (\en.  Harrison  intimated  to  the  speaker 
that  he  should  leave  the  chair  ;   he  refused  to  vacate 
his  position  without  force;   "I  will   lend  you   my 
hand."    says   Harrison.     Then,    according  to   Gen. 
Ludlow,  of  the  Parliamentary  army.  "  putting  his 
hand  within  his,  the  speaker  came  down."f     This 
was  the  greatest  mistake  of  (Jon.   Harrison's  life, 
but  Cromwell  was  a  dear  friend  ;  and  from  no  other 
man  could  he  obtain   such  necessary  assistance  to 
shield  him  from  the  anger  of  his  countrymen,  who 
reverenced  the  very  name  of  a  Parliament,  and  ab 
horred  a  military  despotism.     His  fervent  piety,  his 
warm  regard  for  Cromwell,  and  his  intimacy  with 
him  are  strikingly  expressed  in  the  following  letter, 
written   him  as  he  assumed   the  command  of  the 
army   which,    on    Sept.    3,    1650,    vanquished    the 
Scotch  at  Dun  bar  : 

•'  To  spare  you  trouble,  I  forbear  to  give  you  my 
excuse  for  not  waiting  on  you  to  Ware.  /  know 
you  love  me,  therefore  are  not  apt  to  except,  though 
in  this  particular  I  had  riot  failed,  but  that  orders 
from  the  Council  superseded  me.  Considering 
under  how  many  and  great  burdens  you  labor,  I 
am  afraid  to  say  any  more,  that  I  may  not  add  to 
them,  but  love  and  duty  make  me  presume.  The 
business  you  go  upon  is  weighty  as  ever  yet  you 
undertook.  The  issue  plainly  and  deeply  concerns 


*  Hume,  Smollett,  and  Furr,  i-  730.     London, 
t  Memoirs  of  Ludlow,  ii.  457.     Vevay,  1699. 


the  life  or  death  of  the  Lord's  people,  His  own 
name,  and  his  Son's.  Nevertheless  may  you  re 
joice  in  (Jod,  whose  affair  it  is,  who.  having  here 
tofore  given  you  numberless  signal  testimonies  to 
other  parts  of  the  work,  will  in  mercy  prosper  this, 
that  he  may  perfect  what  he  hath  begun  ;  and  to 
omit  other  arguments,  that  in  Deut.  xxxii.  27,  hath 
much  force  on  my  heart,  especially  the  last  words. 
'  And  lite  Lord  Inith  not.  dune,  all.  this.' 

"  I  believe,  if  the  present  enemy  should  prevail, 
he  would  as  certainly  reproach  God,  and  all  that 
hitherto  has  been  done  aforesaid,  even  as  I  now 
write  :  but  the  jealousy  of  the  Lord  of  hosts,  for  his 
great  name,  will  not  admit  it.  My  Lord,  lie  care 
ful  for  nothing,  but  pray  with  thanksgiving,  to 
wit,  in  faith.  Phil.  iv.  6.  7.  I  doubt  not  your  suc 
cess  :  but  1  think  faith  and  prayer  must  be  the 
chief  engines;  as  heretofore,  the  ancient  worthies, 
through  faith,  subdued  kingdoms,  out  of  weakness 
were  made  strong,  waxed  valiant  in  fight,  and 
turned  to  flight  the  armies  of  the  aliens.  Oh  that 
a  spirit  of  supplication  may  be  poured  forth  on  you 
and  vour  army  !  There  is  more  to  be  had  in  this 
poor  simple  way  than  even  most  saints  expect. 
Mv  Lord,  let  waiting  upon  -Jehovah  be  the  great 
est  and  most  considerable  business  you  have  every 
day  :  reckon  it  so,  more  than  to  eat,  sleep,  or  coun 
sel  together.  Run  aside  sometimes  from  your  com 
pany  and  get  a  word  with  the  Lord.  Why  should 
you  not  have  three  or  four  precious  souls  always 
standing  at  your  elbow,  with  whom  you  might  now 
and  then  turn  into  a  corner?  I  have  found  refresh 
ment  and  mercy  in  such  a  way.  Ah  !  the  Lord  of 
compassion  own,  pity  your  burdens,  care  for  you. 
stand  by  and  refresh  your  heart  each  moment.  I 
would  I  could  in  any  kind  do  you  good.  My  heart 
is  with  you,  and  very  poor  prayers  to  my  God  for 
you.  The  Almighty  Father  carry  you  in  his  very 
bosom,  and  deliver  you,  if  it  be  his  will,  from 
touching  a  very  hair  of  any  for  whom  Jesus  hath 
bled.  I  expect  a  gracious  return  in  this  par 
ticular. 

'•But  I  am  sorry  to  be  thus  tedious.  Pardon 
me.  .  .  .  The  Father  of  mercies  visit  and  keep  your 
soul  close  to  him  continually,  protect,  preserve,  and 
prosper  YOU.  is  the  prayer  of,  my  Lord, 

"  Your  excellency's  loving  servant,  whilst  I 
breathe,  T.  HARRISON. 

"WHITEHALL,  3d  July.  1650. 

•'  For  his  excellency  the  Lord-General  Cromwell, 
humbly  present  these.":]; 

That  Gen.  Harrison  was  in  the  closest  relations 
with  Cromwell  and  with  Cromwell's  Saviour  is 
clear  from  every  line  of  this  letter.  He  was  the 
right-hand  man  of  England's  great  uncrowned 

+  Confessions  of  Faith,  etc.,  pp.  315-17.  Hansard  Knollys  So 
ciety,  London. 


HARRISON 


503 


HARRISON 


ruler,  loving  him  tenderly,  and  beloved  by  him  in 
return,  until  he  proclaimed  himself  Protector,  or, 
as  Gen.  Harrison  viewed  it.  Despot.  From  that 
moment,  as  Hume  states.  Harrison  and  the  other 
Baptists  deserted  him.  Rapin  says,  "The  Ana 
baptists*  were  all  of  the  republican  party,"  and, 
having  fought  to  dethrone  a  king,  they  had  no  in 
tention  of  waging  war  to  support  the  government 
of  one  man  under  any  other  name.  Cromwell, 
afraid  of  the  military  talents  and  great  popularity 
of  Gen.  Harrison,  cast  him  into  prison,  until  the 
masses  of  his  country  acquiesced  in  his  dictator 
ship,  when  his  former  trusted  friend  was  set  at 
liberty. 

The  general  and  his  wife  were  baptized!  in  the 
winter  of  Hi">7,  though  they  held  Baptist  principles 
for  years  before  their  immersion.  At  the  time  of 
their  baptism  the  cold  was  intense  and  the  ice  very 
thick. 

The  Protector's  displeasure  removed  from  the 
general  the  pretended  friends  who  sought  the  pa 
tronage  of  Cromwell  through  him.  but  he  still 
enjoyed  the  love  of  the  hosts  who  appreciated  pa 
triotic  worth,  Christian  character,  and  military 
genius. 

\\  hen  the  English  people  for  a  season  became 
demented,  like  the  French  in  their  great  revolu 
tion,  and  showed  their  aberration  of  intellect  by 
giving  their  throne  to  Charles  II..  the  basest  and 
the  most  immoral  of  men,  Gen.  Harrison  was 
quickly  sent  to  the  Tower  of  London,  and  in  due 
time  he  was  brought  In-fore  unprincipled  judges 
for  trial  as  a  regicide.  The  c mm  sat  in  the  Old 
Bailey  in  London,  and  when  he  was  required  to 
answer,  as  (Jen.  Ludlow  states.  ••  He  not  only  plead 
Not  GttUti/.l  liut  he  jnxlifcd  the  sentence  passed 
upon  (he  kiiiy.  and  the  authority  of  those  who 
commissioned  him  to  act  as  OIK;  of  his  judges.  He 
plainly  told  them,  when  witnesses  were  produced 
against  him,  that  he  came  not  thither  to  deny  any 
thing  he  had  done,  but  rather  to  bring  it  to  liu;ht; 
he  owned  his  name  subscribed  to  the  warrant  for 
the  execution  of  the  king,  as  written  by  himself; 
he  charged  divers  of  his  judges  with  having  for 
merly  been  as  active  for  the  cause  in  which  he  had 
engaged  as  he  or  any  other  person  had  been  ;  he 
affirmed  that  he  had  not  acted  by  any  other  motive  i 
than  the  principles  of  conscience  and  justice,  in 
proof  of  which  he  said  it  was  well  known  that  he 
had  chosen  to  be  separated  from  his  family,  and  to 
suffer  a  long  imprisonment,  rather  than  to  comply 
with  those  who  had  abused  the  power  they  had  as 
sumed  (Cromwell)  to  the  oppression  of  the  people. 
He  insisted  that  having  done  nothing,  otherwise 
than  by  the  authority  of  Parliament,  he  was  not 

*  Rapin's  History  of  England,  ii.  603.     London,  1733. 
t  Evans's  Early  English  Baptists,  ii.  254.     London,  1864. 
I  Memoirs  of  Ludlow,  iii.  61-04. 


justly  accountable  either  to  this  or  any  other  infe 
rior  court,  which,  being  a  point  of  law,  he  desired 
counsel  assigned  upon  that  head  :  but  the  court  over 
ruled  (the  question)  ;  and  by  interrupting  him  fre 
quently,  and  not  permitting  him  to  go  on  in  his  de 
fense,  clearly  manifested  a  resolution  to  gratify  the 
I  resentments  of  the  court  (the  king)  on  any  terms. 
I  So  that  a  hasty  verdict  was  brought  in  against 
him  :  and  the  question  being  asked,  if  he  had  any 
thing  to  say  why  judgment  should  not  pass,  he  only 
answered  that,  since  the  court  had  refused  to  hear 
what  was  tit  for  him  to  speak  in  his  defense,  he  had 
no  more  to  say.  Upon  which  Bridgman  pronounced 
the  sentence.  I  must  not  omit  (to  state)  that  the 
executioner,  in  an  ugly  dress,  with  a  halter  in  his 
hand,  was  placed  near  the  general,  and  continued 
there  during  the  whole  time  of  his  trial,  but 
having  learned  to  contemn  such  baseness,  after 
the  sentence  had  been  pronounced  against  him,  he 
said  aloud,  as  he  was  withdrawing  from  the  court, 
thai  lie  hud  no  reason  io  lie  asltamcd  of  the  cause  in 
which  he  wax  en</a<jed." 

On  Nov.  13.  1660,  Harrison  was  executed  at  the 
place  where  Charing  Cross  formerly  stood,  that  the 
king  might  have  the  pleasure  of  the  spectacle,  arid 
inure  himself  to  blood.'!  In  the  "Trials  of  the 
Regicides"||  the  sickening  scene  is  thus  described: 
•'  He  was  drawn  on  a  hurdle  from  Newgate  to 
Charing  Cross.  Within  certain  rails  lately  there 
made  a  gibbet  was  erected,  and  he  was  hanged  with 
his  face  looking  toward  the  banqueting-house  at 
Whitehall  (the  palace).  Being  half  dead,  he  was 
cut  down  by  the  common  executioner :  his  bowels 
were  burned,  his  head  severed  from  his  body,  and 
his  body  divided  into  quarters.  His  head  was 
placed  upon  a  pole  on  the  top  of  Westminster 
Hall,  and  the  quarters  were  exposed  on  some  of 
the  city  gates.''  Ludlow  declares  that  "he  was 
cut  down  fl//iT,*[  and  saw  his  bowels  thrown  into 
the  fire.''  It  was  intended  that  he  should  be  alive 
and  conscious  of  his  pain  when  the  human  butcher 
of  his  most  gracious  majesty  should  thrust  his 
knife  into  his  body.  Samuel  Pepys,  "Clerk  of 
the  Acts  of  the  Navy"  in  1660,  writes:**  "I  went 
out  to  Charing  Cross  to  see  Maj.-Gen.  Harrison 
hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered  ;  which  was  done 
there  ;  he  looking  as  cheerful  as  any  man  could  do 
in  that  condition.  He  was  presently  cut  down,  and 
his  head  and  heart  shown  to  the  people." 

From  Ludlowff  we  learn  that  when  Chief-Jus 
tice  Coke  was  executed,  he  was  drawn  to  the  scene 
of  death  on  a  sled,  upon  the  front  of  which  was  the 
head  of  Gen.  Harrison,  with  the  face  uncovered  and 


§  Idem,  iii.  69. 

|  Trials  of  the  Regicides,  p.  282. 

f  Memoirs  of  Ludlow,  iii.  03. 

**  Pepys's  Diary,  i.  146. 

ft  Ludlow's  Memoirs,  iii.  75. 


504 


HART 


directed  towards  him,  the  object  being  to  fill  him 
with  terror  ;  but  there  was  ;in  expression  in  the 
face  of  the  brave  warrior  that  filled  the  chief  jus 
tice  with  heroism,  and  frustrated  the  designs  of  his 
cruel  murderers. 

Harrison  was  fully  informed  of  the  purpose  to 
arrest  and  execute  him  :  but  he  refused  to  fly  from 
the  deadly  danger,  "  regarding*  such  an  action  as 
a  desertion  of  the  cause  in  which  he  had  engaged.'' 
Gen.  Ludlow.  who  knew  Harrison  better  than  most 
men  of  his  day,  commenting  on  this  remarkable 
fidelity  to  principle,  says,  ••  1  shall  not  take  upon 
me  to  censure  the  major-general,  not  knowing 
what  extraordinary  impulse  a  man  of  his  virtue, 
piety,  and  courage  may  have  had  upon  his  mind 
in  that  conjuncture.  Sure  T  am,  he  was  every 
way  so  qualified  for  the  part  he  had  in  the  follow 
ing  sufferings,  that  even  his  enemies  were  aston 
ished  and  confounded.'' 

As  we  think  of  the  manly  defense  made  by  the 
general,  with  the  executioner  and  his  halter  at  hand 
all  the  time,  and  of  his  last  words,  which  he  uttered 
aloud  as  he  left  his  judges,  condemned  to  a  fright 
ful  death  by  their  wicked  decree,  '"'that  lie,  had  no 
reason  to  be  ashamed  of  the  cause  in  ivhich  he  ivas 
engaged,'1  and  of  his  choice  of  martyrdom  instead 
of  flight,  we  are  filled  with  admiration  for  the  faith 
and  the  courage  of  the  praying  and  preaching  gen 
eral.  And  then  when  we  think  of  him,  in  full 
view  of  Charles  II.,  and,  no  doubt,  of  several  of 
his  fair  and  frail  companions,  butchered  and 
dressed,  a  victim  of  royal  vengeance,  full  of  the 
most  triumphant  endurance  that  ever  made  the 
death  of  a  martyr  glorious,  we  bless  God  for  his 
invincible  grace,  and  we  praise  him  for  our  Bap 
tist  ancestry. 

The  enemies  of  Gen.  Harrison  were  ready  to 
confess  his  extreme  conscientiousness,  his  fearless 
daring,  and  his  fervent  piety,  and  his  memory 
should  be  cherished  as  a  sacred  legacy  by  his  Bap 
tist  brethren  while  the  world  lasts. 

Harriss,  Col.  Samuel,  was  among  the  most  ef 
fective  preachers  that  ever  proclaimed  the  glad 
tidings  in  this  country,  lie  was  born  Jan.  12, 
1724,  in  Hanover  Co.,  Va.  He  was  at  one  time 
church-warden,  sheriff,  justice  of  the  peace,  colonel 
of  the  militia,  and  captain  of  the  Mayo  Fort.  His 
position  was  respectable,  and  his  genial  disposition 
mado  him  exceedingly  popular.  His  education  had 
been  liberal.  He  first  became  anxious  about  his 
soul  in  his  thirty-fourth  year.  On  one  of  his  jour 
neys  to  visit  the  fort  officially  he  called  at  a  small 
house,  where  he  learned  there  was  to  be  Baptist 
preaching;  the  ministers  were  Joseph  and  William 
Murphy.  He  seated  himself  behind  a  loom  to  hide 
his  uniform.  The  eye  of  God,  however,  was  upon 


*  Lutllow's  Memoirs,  iii.  12. 


him,  and  his  heart  was  very  deeply  affected  :  but 
some  time  afterwards  the  Lord  revealed  his  love  to 
him  in  such  fullness  that,  in  an  ecstasy  of  jov,  he 
exclaimed,  "Glory!  glory!  glory!"  He  was  bap 
tized  by  Rev.  Daniel  Marshall  in  175X.  it  is  be 
lieved.  He  forthwith,  like  converted  Paul,  began 
to  preach  Jesus.  At  first  his  labors  were  restricted 
to  some  neighboring  counties  of  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina  :  but  in  process  of  time  he  preached 
throughout  all  Virginia  and  many  parts  of  North 
Carolina.  He  was  riot  ordained  for  years  after  he 
had  been  preaching.  This  event  occurred  in  1769; 
then  he  administered  the  ordinances.  The  first 
candidate  he  baptized  was  -James  Ireland,  a  much 
persecuted  and  very  useful  Baptist  minister  in  Vir 
ginia.  Mr.  Harriss  was  the  best-known  man  in  his 
native  colony,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  Patrick  Henry 
could  control  a  vast  assemblage  by  a  power  supe 
rior  to  that  of  Samuel  Ilarriss.  His  ministry  was 
attended  by  conversions  in  very  large  numbers; 
churches  sprang  up  on  the  line  of  his  missionary 
travels;  he  was  truly  the  apostle  of  Virginia.  Not 
a  few  of  his  spiritual  children  became  preachers 
after  the  order  of  Mr.  Harris,  and  the  aristocratic 
Episcopalian  colony  was  agitated  from  one  end  to 
the  other  by  these  Baptist  innovators. 

Mr.  Ilarriss  feared  nothing;  legal  prosecutions 
and  private  persecutions  had  no  effect  upon  him. 
He  was  the  owner  of  a  respectable  estate,  and  when 
he  was  converted  he  devoted  the  greater  part  of  it 
to  religious  objects.  lie  had  been  erecting  a  new 
and  capacious  residence  before  the  Saviour  called 
him.  and  when  it  was  "covered  in"  he  made  it  a 
meeting-house,  and  lived  in  his  former  confined 
abode.  During  the  Revolutionary  war,  when  salt 
was  scarce,  he  kept  two  wagons  running  to  Peters 
burg  to  bring  it  up  for  his  neighbors. 

When  the  Baptists  in  Virginia  mistakenly  sup 
posed,  in  J774,  that  the  apostolic  office  still  ex 
isted,  Mr.  Ilarriss  was  elected  an  apostle,  but  he 
held  this  honor  for  only  a  few  months.  At  all 
meetings  of  delegates  of  the  churches  he  was  the 
presiding  officer.  Virginia  Baptists  loved  to  honor 
"him.  and,  under  God,  he  was  chiefly  instrumental 
in  opening  the  prison-doors  of  the  Old  Dominion 
for  the  persecuted,  and  in  sweeping  away  the  foul 
ties  uniting  church  and  state. 

He  made  a  great  mistake  in  the  earlier  part  of 
his  Christian  life  in  denouncing  the  acceptance  by 
ministers  of  any  compensation  for  preaching  the 
Word.  This  unscriptural  and  unjust  doctrine 
nearly  ruined  some  of  God's  faithful  shepherds 
and  their  families  ;  but  Col.  Harriss  was  led  to  see 
his  error  and  renounce  it.  Take  him  "all  to 
gether,"  he  was  a  glorious  man  of  God,  a  Virginia 
Whitefield,  for  which  we  gratefully  bless  our  divine 
Redeemer.  He  died  in  the  year  1795. 

Hart,  Rev.  Jesse  M.,  pastor  at  El  Dorado,  Ark., 


I  [ART 


505 


IIAlfT 


and  president  of  the  Arkansas  Baptist  Convention, 
was  born  in  Alabama  in  1838  ;  began  to  preach  in 
Louisiana  in  I860,  near  the  Arkansas  line;  lias 
preached  to  a  number  of  churches  in  both  States, 
beside  filling  the  important  pastorates  of  Camden 
and  El  Dorado,  Ark.  By  application  Mr.  Hurt  has 
made  himself  an  effective  minister. 

Hart,  John,  a  signer  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde 
pendence,  was  the  son  of  Edward  Hart,  of  Hope- 
well,  a  man  of  considerable  importance,  who  raised 
a  company  of  volunteers  in  the  French  war.  and 
fought  bravely  in  the  campaign  against  Quebec. 

John  was  born  early  in  the  last  century  at  llope- 
well,  X.  •!.,  grew  up  in  high  esteem  among  his 
neighbors,  and  became  eminent  for  his  honesty, 
kindness,  modesty,  and  benevolence,  lie  had  no 
taste  for  political  life,  made  few  speeches,  but  was 


driven  away  by  the  Hessians.  Though  the  old 
man  was  a  fugitive,  pursued  with  unusual  malice, 
sleeping  in  caves  and  in  thickets,  not  permitted  to 
visit  his  dying  wife,  his  spirit  was  not  broken,  nor 
did  he  despair  of  the  cause.  After  the  battle  of 
Princeton  he  came  from  his  hiding-place,  and  con 
vened  the  Legislature  at  Trenton.  He  died  Mav 
11,  1770,  worn  out  by  his  labors  and  privations. 

In  1805  a  fine  monumental  shaft  of  Quinev 
granite  was  erected  by  the  State  of  Xew  -Jersey 
near  the  old  Baptist  meeting-house  in  Hopcwell  to 
honor  his  memory.  It  was  dedicated  -July  4,  18(55, 
with  imposing  ceremonies,  among  which  was  an 
eloquent  oration  by  Joel  Parker,  governor  of  the 
State,  upon  the  life  and  services  of  John  Hart. 
This  monument  prominently  exhibits  the  words, 
''HoxoR  THE  PATRIOT'S  ('.RAVE.'' 


i&fi 


III  S  BILL  of  T  H  R  E  E  S  H  L  L  L I  N  G  STPrtk-Ianiaiiou, 
A    is  emitted  Jry  a  ~L  A  W  of. the  COLONY  of  Xeiu-Jcifcy, 
paffccl  in  the  Fourteenth  Year  of  the  Reign  of.  his  Majefty 
Kinr  GEORGE  the  Third.     Dated  MARCH  zj,  177^. 

•    -"-     -'  '•  •    -•-•        •     "•"-  "  -  -  ^ '  ="          »"-  •'         ~'          ~'     "        "  " 


SPECIMEN    OK    NE\V    JERSEY    MOXEY     I\     1776,     1JKAKINC     T1IK    SKiNATl'KE    OF    JOHN     HART. 


ready  with  brave  sacrificing  deeds.  Such  a  man 
could  not  remain  in  the  background  during  the 
period  preceding  the  birth  of  his  country's  nation-  i 
ality.  He  was  identified  with  the  cause  of  the 
patriots  from  the  beginning.  When  he  entered  the 
Continental  Congress  of  1774  lie  was  about  sixty 
years  of  age.  He  resigned  the  next  year,  and  be 
came  vice-president  of  the  Provincial  Congress  of 
New  Jersey.  He  was  again  elected  to  Congress  in 
1775,  and  he  was  re-appointed  to  the  same  body  by  ' 
the  convention  of  New  Jersey  in  1776,  and  took! 
his  place  among  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  In  the  same  year  he  was  chosen 
Speaker  of  the  Assembly,  and  re-elected  in  1777 
and  1778.  lie  was  also  an  important  member  of; 
the  Committee  of  Safety,  and  particularly  obnoxious 
to  the  British  and  Tories.  When,  in  1776,  the 
Legislature  fled  from  Princeton  to  Burlington,  to 
Pittstown,  in  Salem  Co.,  and  to  Haddonfield,  where 
it  dissolved,  Mr.  Hart  returned  to  find  that  his  wife 
and  children  had  fled  to  the  mountains,  that  his 
crops  were  consumed,  and  that  his  stock  had  been 
33 


The  following  is  an  extract  from  dov.  Parker's 
address : 

"As  his  public  career  was  without  blemish  so 
was  his  private  life  pure  and  exemplary.  He  was 
a  consistent  member  of  the  old  Hopewell  Baptist 
church,  and  gave  to  the  congregation  the  land  on 
which  the  meeting-house  was  erected,  and  in  which 
his  remains  are  now  deposited.  He  was  a  true 
patriot.  I  am  of  opinion,  after  a  careful  exam 
ination  of  the  history  of  Xew  Jersey  during  and 
immediately  preceding  the  Revolutionary  war, 
that  John  Hart  had  greater  experience  in  the 
colonial  and  State  legislation  of  that  day  than  any 
of  his  cotemporaries,  and  that  no  man  exercised 
greater  influence  in  giving  direction  to  the  public 
opinion  which  culminated  in  independence." 

Hart,  Rev.  Oliver,  A.M.,  was  born  in  War- 
minster,  Pa.,  July  6,  1723  ;  made  a  public  profes 
sion  of  religion  in  the  eighteenth  year  of  his  age ; 
was  ordained  at  Southampton,  Pa.,  Oct.  18,  1749. 
The  same  year  he  was  called  to  the  Baptist  church 
in  Charleston,  S.  C.,  where  he  continued  thirty 


11ARTLY 


HARTWKLL 


years,  lie  was  well  acquainted  with  Whitefield 
and  Tennent,  and,  as  a  patriot,  traveled  in  South 
Carolina  to  enlighten  the  people  in  regard  to  their 
political  interests.  He  was  chiefly  instrumental  in 
establishing  the  Charleston  Association.  He  he- 
came  pastor  at  Hopewell,  X.  J..  in  1780.  and  died 
there  in  triumph  Dec.  '.\\,  IT1.)").  Two  funeral  ser 
mons  were  preached,  one  by  Rev.  Dr.  Rogers,  of 
Philadelphia,  the  other  by  Rev.  Dr.  Furman.  of 
Charleston.  The  College  of  Rhode  Island  (now 
Brown  University)  constituted  him  M.A.  at  its 
first  commencement.  Among  his  publications  are 
"Dancing  Kxploded."  "A  Discourse  on  the  Death 
of  .Rev.  Win.  Tennent.  177T,"  ''The  Christian 
Temple."  "A  Circular  Letter  on  Christ's  Media 
torial  Character,'1  and  "The  Christian  Remem 
brancer.'' 

Hartly,  Rev.  Wm.,  is  a  native  of  England  ;  or 
dained,  in  1ST1,  at  Troy,  Mich.,  where  he  began 
his  work  as  a  minister;  came  to  Wisconsin  in 
is;,",,  and  became  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Hudson,  where  he  has  labored  seven  years  with 
growing  usefulness  as  a  pastor.  Mr.  Ilartly  is  a 
man  of  tine  natural  powers,  and  by  thorough  and 
most  industrious  devotion  to  study  he  is  proving 
himself  a  "  workman  that  needeth  not  to  be 
ashamed.'1  He  is  a  close  student  of  the  Bible,  and 
he  is  familiar  with  the  best  works  on  theology. 
His  genial  disposition  and  Christian  spirit  have; 
obtained  for  him  the  respect  and  friendship  of 
many  besides  his  own  church  and  beyond  his  own 
denomination. 

Hartman,  Rev.  Jno.  H.,  pastor  of  the  Fourth 

Avenue  Baptist  church,  Pittsburgh,  was  born  April 
IT,  1841,  in  Canaan,  Wayne  Co.,  0.  Converted  at 
the  early  age  of  nine,  he  soon  after  deemed  it  a 
personal  obligation  to  devote  his  life  to  the  work 
of  the  ministry.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  entered 
upon  his  studies,  and  graduated  at  Vermillion  Col 
lege.  0.,  in  1 S67,  and  from  Newton  Theological  Sem 
inary  in  1870;  ordained  Nov.  17,  1S70,  in  Canton, 
Mass.;  baptized,  while  pastor  in  Canton,  71  per 
sons  :  became  pastor  of  Salisbury  and  Amesbury 
church  in  Massachusetts,  June,  1874,  where  he 
baptized  99  on  profession  of  faith  ;  resigned  June, 
1878,  and  traveled  in  England  and  on  the  Continent. 
His  present  pastorate  commenced,  after  three 
months  of  supply  service,  Oct.  1,  1880.  Previous 
to  his  acceptance  of  the  doctrines  distinguishing 
the  Baptists  lie  was  connected  with  the  "  Church 
of  God,''  of  which  body  his  father  was  a  licensed 
preacher. 

Hartsfield,  Rev.  Green  W.,  a  prominent  min 
ister  of  Grand  Cane  Baptist  Association,  La.,  who 
resides  at  Mansfield,  was  born  in  Georgia  in  1833  ; 
came  to  Louisiana  in  1849  ;  educated  at  Mount 
Lebanon  University  ;  ten  years  pastor  at  Mansfield  ; 
has  devoted  much  of  his  time  to  the  colored  popula 


tion,  preaching  to  them,  holding  ministers'  institutes, 
and  aiding  in  the  organization  of  the  Northwestern 
Louisiana  (colored)  Baptist  Association,  of  which 
he  is  secretary.  As  president  of  Grand  Cane  Sun 
day-School  Convention  he  has  promoted  such  in 
terest  in  tin;  work  that  every  church  in  the  Asso 
ciation  has  its  Sunday-school.  He  is  at  present 
laboring  successfully  as  an  evangelist  in  the  employ 
of  the  State  Convention. 
Hartt,  Prof.  Charles  Frederick,  son  of  Jarvis 

^Y.  Hartt,  was  born  at  Fredericton,  New  Bruns 
wick,  Aug.  23,  1840:  was  baptized  at  Wolfville. 
Nova  Scotia  ;  studied  at  llorton  Academy,  of  which 
his  father  was  principal;  graduated  from  Acadia 
College  in  .June,  1800;  studied  geology  extensively 
in  the  Maritime  Provinces  and  the  Tinted  States, 
and  became  Professor  of  Geology  in  Cornell  Uni 
versity,  X.  Y.,  and  continued  in  this  position  until 
his  death,  March  18.  1878.  He  was  leader  and 
director  of  the  Brazil  Geological  Survey,  and  fin 
ished  a  brilliant  career  in  that  great  scientific  un 
dertaking. 

Hartt,  Jarvis  W.,  was  born  in  New  Bruns 
wick  ;  taught  in  the  Baptist  Seminary,  Fredericton  ; 
also  in  the  high  school  at  Wilmot,  Nova  Scotia, 
and  was  principal  of  the  llorton  Collegiate  Acad 
emy  from  1851  to  I860,  when  he  removed  to  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick,  and  conducted  a  young 
ladies'  school  for  several  years.  Died  in  1873. 

Hartwell,  Jesse,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Massachu 
setts  in  179f>;  graduated  at  Brown  University  in 
1816;  ordained  in  1821;  supplied  Second  church. 
Providence,  one  year.  lie  then  removed  to  South 
Carolina;  became  pastor  at  High  Hills  and  Sumter- 
ville,  and  a  Professor  in  Furman  Theological  Insti 
tute.  In  1836  he  went  to  Alabama;  was  pastor  at 
Carlowville,  president  of  the  Alabama  Baptist  Con 
vention,  Professor  of  Theology  in  Howard  College, 
president  of  the  Domestic  Mission  Board  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention.  In  1847  he  removed 
to  Arkansas,  and  founded  Camden  Female  Institute. 
In  1857  he  removed  to  Louisiana,  and  became  presi 
dent  and  Professor  of  Theology  in  Mount  Lebanon 
University.  He  passed  away  Sept.  16,  1859. 

Hartwell,  Jesse  Boardman,  D.D.,  son  of 
Jesse  Hartwell,  D.D.,  and  grandson  of  Rev.  Jesse 
Hartwell,  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  in  Darling 
ton,  S.  C.,  Oct.  17,  1835.  His  father  was  an  ardent 
friend  of  missions,  and  gave  him  to  that  work  from 
his  birth.  When  Luther  Rice  returned  from  India 
he  called  upon  the  father.  At  the  door  he  met  his 
friend,  saying,  "  Brother  Rice,  my  missionary  has 
come,"  and  that  day  the  babe  was  dedicated  as  a 
missionary  to  the  heathen.  He  was  baptized  July 
14,  1850;  studied  at  Howard  College,  Ala.;  grad 
uated  at  Furman  University.  S.  C..  in  1855  ;  was 
Professor  in  Mount  Lebanon  University,  La.,  until 
December,  1857.  In  1858  he  was  appointed  by  the 


HART  WELL 


II A  XC  ALL 


Southern  Baptist  Foreign  Mission  Board  a  mission 
ary  to  China,  and  sailed  for  his  field  in  November, 
with  his  wife,  Miss  Eliza  II.  Jewett,  of  Macon,  Ga., 
to  whom  he  was  married  September  29.  They  la 
bored  two  years  at  Shanghai  ;  then  for  many  years 
at  Tung  Chan  Foo,  in  the  Shantung  province  of 
Northern  China,  where  they  opened  the  first  mis 
sion,  organized  a  church,  and  Mr.  Hartwell's  first 
convert  was  ordained  as  a  minister.  Here  they  were 
alone  for  many  years,  until  two  Presbyterian  fam 
ilies  came  to  labor  on  the  same  field.  Mrs.  Hartwell 
died  in  -June,  1870.  She  was  one  of  the  best  female 
missionaries  ever  sent  to  the  foreign  field  ;  she  spoke 
the  Chinese  tongue  fluently.  On  his  return  to  the 
United  States  he  married  Miss  Julia  C.  Jewett,  his 
deceased  wife's  sister,  in  1872,  returned  to  China, 
but  was  compelled  by  his  wife's  health  to  come 
back  to  the  United  States.  After  four  years  he 
was  appointed  by  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mis 
sion  Society  to  mission  work  in  California  among 
the  Chinese.  His  wife  died  Dec.  2,  1879,  ten  days 
.after  their  arrival  at  San  Francisco.  Dr.  Hartwell 
has  a  mission  chapel  in  that  city,  and  is  an  enthu 
siastic  teacher  and  preacher  to  the  Chinese  of  Cali 
fornia  in  their  own  language. 

Hartwell,  John  Bryant,  was  born  in  Alstead, 
N.  II.,  Oct.  17,  1810.  lie  became  a  member  of  the 
Freshman  class  in  Brown  University  in  September, 
1838.  It  was  his  purpose  to  pursue  a  course  of  study 
in  order  to  fit  himself  to  enter  the  Christian  min 
istry.  Having  changed  his  mind  for  reasons  satis 
factory  to  himself,  he  left  college,  and  commenced 
business  in  Providence,  and  was  a  successful  mer 
chant,  consecrating  his  talent  and  his  property 
to  the  cause  of  his  Master.  Ho  became  a  deacon 
in  the  Central  Baptist  church  of  Providence,  and 
was  an  honor  to  the  office.  For  six  years  he  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Brown  Univer 
sity.  Death  suddenly  overtook  him,  and  he  passed 
away  in  the  prime  of  a  life  of  great  usefulness,  Dec. 
D.  1872.  "  It  is  the  testimony  of  those  who  knew 
him  most  intimately,''  says  President  Robinson, 
41  that  he  was  a  man  of  deep  religious  convictions, 
gentle  in  spirit,  persistent  in  purpose,  active  in 
life,  and  ready  for  death.'' 

Harvey,  Rev.  Adiel,  was  born  at  Ashfield, 
Mass..  July  29,  1805,  and  was  baptized  when  twelve 
years  of  age.  He  graduated  at  Amherst  College 
in  the  class  of  1832.  After  teaching  for  a  time,  he 
entered  Newton  in  1835,  and  took  the  three  years' 
course.  On  completing  his  studies  at  Newton,  he 
settled  over  the  church  in  Westborough,  Mass., 
where  he  remained  some  eight  years,  and  then 
went  to  Plymouth,  Mass.,  where  he  was  pastor  for 
thirteen  years.  In  the  summer  of  1858  he  removed 
to  Needham  Plains,  and  took  charge  of  a  young 
ladies'  school,  and  continued  in  his  work  until  his 
death,  which  occurred  June  23,  1864. 


Harvey,  Hezekiah,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Hulven, 
County  of  Suffolk,  England,  Nov.  27,  1821  ;  came 
to  America  in  1830,  and  was  graduated  by  Madi 
son  University  and  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary 
in  1847.  It  was  his  intention  to  become  a  foreign 
missionary,  but  poor  health  did  not  allow  his  cher 
ished  desire  to  have  accomplishment.  In  1847  he 
became  tutor  of  Languages  in  Madison  University, 
and  pastor  in  Homer,  N.  Y.,  in  1849  :  pastor  of  the 
First  church  in  Hamilton  in  1857,  and  Professor  of 
Ecclesiastical  History  in  Madison  University  in 
1858 ;  Professor  of  Biblical  Criticism  and  Inter 
pretation  and  Pastoral  Theology  in  18(11  ;  pastor 
j  iu  Dayton,  0.,  in  18(14,  when  failing  health  com 
pelled  his  resignation  ;  re-elected  to  a  professorship 
in  1869  in  Madison  University,  where  he  still  re 
tains  the  chair  of  Pastoral  Theology  and  New 
Testament  Exegesis ;  received  the  degree  of  D.I). 
from  Colby  University  in  18(11. 

Prof.  Harvey  has  recently  yielded  to  the  desire 
of  his  students,  and  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Bap 
tist  Publication  Society  his  lectures  on  the  Chris 
tian  ministry  and  Baptist  polity,  and  the  society 
has  given  them  to  the  public  in  two  neat  volumes 
bearing  the  titles  of  "The  Pastor''  and  "The 
Church."  The  works  have  been  most  favorably 
received,  and  commended  as  invaluable  alike  to  the 
minister  and  the  layman. 

Hascall,  Rev.  Daniel,  A.M.,  was  born  in  Ben- 

nington,  Yt.,  Feb.  24,  1782,  of  Christian  parents, 
originally  from  Connecticut.  His  father  was  a 
Baptist  and  his  mother  a  Congregationalist.  They 
were  careful  to  give  their  children  sound  religious 
instruction,  based  upon  their  constant  reading  of 
Edward  Hopkins  and  Bellamy,  and  paying  partic 
ular  attention  to  the  Westminster  Catechism.  In 
1785  his  parents  removed  to  Pawlet,  Yt.  Here  the 
educational  opportunities  were  very  limited,  being 
confined  to  school  in  the  winter  months,  to  a  small 
public  library,  and  to  private  instruction  ;  but  of 
these  Daniel  Hascall  took  the  largest  advantage, 
and  laid  the  foundations. of  his  future  great  and 
abiding  usefulness.  After  some  very  serious  and 
protracted  religious  struggles  he  was  converted  in 
1799,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Pawlet. 
At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  began  teaching  during 
the  winter,  and  employed  his  evenings  and  free 
moments  in  hard  study,  so  that  in  1803  he  entered 
the  Sophomore  class  of  Middlebury  College,  from 
which  he  was  regularly  graduated  in  1806.  During 
these  years  he  defrayed  his  expenses  by  his  own 
personal  effort.  From  180(1  to  1808  he  taught 
in  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  and,  so  far  as  his  duties  would 
allow,  used  his  time  in  reading  theology.  In  1808 
he  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Eliza- 
bethtown,  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.  In  1813  he  settled  as 
pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Hamilton,  N.  Y., 
a  place  at  that  time  described  as  located  in  a  "  re- 


II  AW  ALL 


508 


IIAXKKLL 


gion  new  and  unsettled."  In  addition  to  his  duties 
as  pastor  he  was  enica^ed  in  teaching,  and  he  also 
edited  in  part  the  C/irin/iaii  Magazine.  Feeling 
very  deeply  the  need  of  an  educated  ministry  for 


the  Baptist  denomination,  lie  began  to  receive  pious 
young  men  into  his  family  about  IS  15.  and  through 
his  efforts,  in  1817,  the  Baptist  Kducation  Society 
of  the  State  of  New  York  was  formed,  which  re 
sulted  in  the  establishment  of  the  Hamilton  Lit 
erary  and  Theological  Institution,  now  Madison 
University  (see  that  article).  Until  1828  he  con 
tinued  as  pastor  and  teacher,  when  he  resigned  the 
pastorate,  giving  himself  more  largely  to  the  work 
of  the  institution  and  Education  Society.  In  1835 
his  relations  with  the  institution  were  terminated, 
but  he  now  gave  his  attention  to  the  interests  of  an 
academy  at  Florence,  Oneida  Co.  ;  removed  in  1837 
to  West  Rutland,  Vt.,  and  interested  himself  in 
the  Vermont  Baptist  Convention  ;  in  1848  became 
pastor  at  Lebanon,  N.  Y.,  and  in  1849  resided  in 
Hamilton  amid  scenes  so  dear  to  himself.  At  the 
time  when  the  removal  of  the  institution  was  de 
bated,  as  one  of  the  original  founders,  and  being 
the  only  person  who  could  properly  stand  forth  as 
the  legal  representative  of  this  location, — one  of 
those  who  proposed  to  the  citizens  of  Hamilton  the 
raising  of  a  certain  sum  of  money  for  its  location 
at  Hamilton, — -he  plunged  into  the  controversy,  and 
at  times  alone,  and  at  times  reproached,  he  stood 
firm  to  his  position,  "  It  shall  not  be  moved,"  and 
through  his  efforts  a  perpetual  injunction  against 
removal  followed.  His  prophecy  that  he  should 


live  to  see  the  institution  saved  and  then  die  was 
fulfilled,  lie  died  .June  28,  1852.  His  published 
works  were  a  sermon,  ''Cautions  against  False 
Philosophy,7' — Col.  ii.  8  ( 1817)  ;  ''  Definition  of  the 
(ircek  Bapti/.o"  (pamphlet,  IMS):  ''Elements  of 
Theology  for  Family  Heading.''  pp.  2<>0.  and  a 
smaller  work  for  Sunday-schools.  Daniel  Hascall 
was  a  great  man,  deeply  pious,  versatile  in  his 
genius,  heroic  in  his  positions,  sometimes  risking 
his  property  to  aid  the  enterprise  in  which  he  was 
engaged :  industrious,  and  apparently  possessing 
inexhaustible  resources  of  physical  strength  and 
religious  faith.  To  him  more  than  to  any  other 
man  does  the  denomination  owe  a  debt  of  gratitude 
for  the  advance  in  the  arts  and  sciences,  and  in 
Biblical  scholarship  of  its  ministry  in  the  United 
States.  (See  Sprague's  ''  Annals"  and  Dr.  Katon's 
"  Historical  Discourse  in  First  Half-Century," 
Madison  University.) 

Haskell,  Samuel,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Bridgeton. 
Me..  March  21),  1S18.  While  he  was  a  child  the 
family  removed  to  Kockford,  111.,  where  he  was 
baptized  by  Prof.  S.  S.  Whitman,  March  9,  1S40. 
lie  lifted  for  college  in  Suffield.  Conn.,  graduated 
from  Brown  University  in  1x45.  and  studied  the 
ology  at  Hamilton,  finishinir  the  course  in  1847. 


SAMUEL     IIASKEU,,    D.D. 

He  was  ordained  in  Suffield,  Aug.  4,  1847  ;  was 
pastor  of  the  First  church  in  Detroit  from  1847  to 
1852,  of  the  First  church  in  Kalamazoo  from  1852 
to  1871,  and  in  Ann  Arbor  from  1871  till  now. 
Each  of  these  churches  grew  in  numbers  and  strength 
under  his  pastoral  care.  For  thirty-three  years  he 


II A  STINGS 


509 


HA  TClIKJi 


has  been  identified  with  every  important  enterprise 
conducted  by  the  Baptists  of  the  State.  No  man, 
living  or  dead,  has  had  a  larger  share  than  ho  in 
the  direction  of  our  denominational  work  in  Mich 
igan.  He  was  secretary  of  the  State  Convention 
in  1854,  and  president  in  ISM.  Madison  Univer 
sity  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di 
vinity  in  ISC>7. 

Hastings,  Rev.  John,  son  of  Rev.  Joseph  Has 
tings,  was  born  in  Suffield,  Conn.,  in  1743  ;  in  early 
life  he  was  worldly  ;  became  a  true  Christian  ;  was 
settled  as  assistant  pastor,  with  his  father,  by  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Suffield  in  1775:  became 
sole  pastor  after  his  father's  death,  in  1785,  and 
so  remained  till  his  death  ;  traveled  extensively 
through  the  country,  and  aided  in  gathering  a  num 
ber  of  churches  :  his  own  became  the  most  efficient 
church  in  Connecticut  for  the  time:  he  baptized 
first  and  last  about  1  K.MI  persons  :  a  man  of  candor, 
kindness,  strength,  and  fervor;  died  in  Suffield. 
March  17,  1811,  at  the  age  of  sixty-eight.  His 
wife  was  Itachel  Remmington,  of  Suffield. 

Hastings,  Rev.  Joseph,  of  Suffield.  Conn. :  at 

first  a  member  of  the  standing  order;  seceded  in 
the  Great  Awakening  :  aided  in  forming  a  separate 
church  in  the  west  part  of  the  town,  of  which  he 
became  pastor:  immersed  in  1752:  in  1763  assisted 
in  organizing  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Suffield, 
and  became  pastor  :  was  at  this  time  sixty-six  years 
of  age  ;  remained  pastor  till  1775.  when  his  son 
John  was  associated  with  him  ;  traveled  and 
preached  in  various  places  around  :  was  a  man  of 
power;  died  in  1785,  aged  eighty-two  years. 

Haswell,  James  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Ben- 
nington,  Vt..  Feb.  4.  1810.  and  graduated  at  the 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution, 
now  Madison  University,  in  1S35.  The  question 
of  his  future  service!  in  the  kingdom  of  his  Lord 
having  been  settled  by  his  decision  to  become  a 
missionary  to  the  heathen,  he  received  his  appoint 
ment  from  the  Executive  Board  of  the  Missionary 
Union,  Aug.  3,  1835,  and  sailed  from  Boston  Sep-  | 
tember  22,  arriving  at  Maulmain  in  February. 
1836.  Having  qualified  himself  for  active  service 
by  mastering  the  language,  he  turned  his  attention 
to  the  evangelization  of  the  Peguans.  or,  as  they 
are  more  generally  called,  the  Talaings.  Into  the 
language  of  this  people  he  translated  the  Xew 
Testament,  and  wrote  and  published  tracts  for 
their  religious  benefit.  For  this  people  he  always 
felt  a  deep  interest  even  after  he  had  learned  the 
Burmese  language,  and  performed  missionary  labor 
among  the  Burmese.  He  urged  the  appointment 
of  a  missionary  to  the  people  for  whose  spiritual 
welfare  he  had  labored  in  some  of  the  last  letters 
he  wrote  home.  "  About  the  last  work  wrought 
by  his  trembling  hand  was  the  revision  and  prep 
aration  of  tracts  in  their  language."  In  1849,  Dr. 


Haswell  visited  the  United  States,  and  remained 
here  not  far  from  three  years,  and  in  1SG7  he  also 
made  a  short  visit  of  nine  months.  More  than 
forty  years  of  his  life,  with  the  exceptions  just 
referred  to.  he  spent  in  missionary  labors.  He  died 
Sept.  13.  1S7(>. 

The  Executive  Board,  in  their  sixty-third  annual 
report,  speak  of  Dr.  Haswell  in  terms  of  deserved 
commendation.  "  He  was  a  man  of  high  charac 
ter,  an  industrious  scholar,  an  adept  in  the  lan 
guages  and  literature  of  the  races  for  whom  he 
labored,  an  able  minister  of  the  new  covenant,  and 
a  devoted  servant  of  Christ.  He  had  few  supe 
riors  in  point  of  personal  character  and  missionary 
efficiency." 

Haswell,  Rev.  James  R.,  son  of  Dr.  -lames  M. 

Haswell.  was  born  in  Amherst,  Burmali.  Sept.  4, 
lS.';i;.  It  was  his  father's  hope  and  prayer  that  in 
due  time  his  son  would  be  his  associate  in  mission 
ary  labor  among  the  Burmese.  Accordingly  he 
took  special  pains  in  his  early  days  to  make  him 
thoroughly  familiar  with  the  language.  He  re 
ceived  his  collegiate  education  at  the  Madison 
University,  where  he  graduated  in  1S57,  and  from 
the  theological  school  two  years  later.  In  Septem 
ber.  IS59,  he  sailed  for  Burmah.  It  was  not  long 
after  his  arrival  at  his  destined  station  that  he  was 
stricken  down  by  disease,  and  left  in  so  shattered 
a  condition  that  it  was  deemed  best  for  him  to  re 
turn  to  this  country  with  the  hope  that  he  might 
recruit  his  health.  He  had  in  a  measure  lost  his 
voice  and  his  hearing  was  impaired,  lie  recov 
ered  his  voice  in  a  good  degree,  but  not  his  hear 
ing.  A  few  years  having  been  spent  in  the  United 
States,  he  returned  once  more  to  Burmah.  and  gave 
himself  to  his  work  as  a  missionary  with  great  zeal 
and  success.  Again  he  was  attacked  with  a  violent 
disease, — the  cholera. — and  in  a  few  hours  was  no 
more.  His  death  took  place  May  20.  1S77. 

Hatch,  Rev.  E.  B.,  was  born  in  Last  Hardwick, 
Vt.,  Feb.  S,  1831  :  baptized  at  the  age  of  sixteen, 
and  educated  in  Williston  and  .Johnson,  and  in 
the  theological  seminary  at  Fairfax  ;  was  licensed 
by  the  Johnson  church  in  October,  1S52.  and  or 
dained  in  Lowell.  Vt..  Jan.  3.  1 856  :  labored  as  an 
evangelist  at  St.  Armand  and  Stand  bridge,  prov 
ince  of  Quebec.  In  1S57  became  pastor  for  one 
year  at  Lancaster,  Wis.  In  1S5S  settled  at  Clinton 
Junction,  and  remained  there  six  years.  In  1865 
moved  to  Thorn  Hill,  N.  Y.  In  October,  1S70, 
moved  to  California,  where  he  has  labored  one 
year  at  San  Rafael,  four  years  at  Vallejo,  and  three 
years  at  Yountville.  In  the  last  two  places  he  built 
two  houses  of  worship.  lie  is  a  good  pastor  and 
preacher,  has  baptized  many  converts,  and  is  an 
earnest  and  zealous  minister  of  the  gospel. 

Hatcher,  Rev.  Harvey,  was  born   in  Bedford 
Co.,  Va.,  July  16,  1832,  in  the  same  house  in  which 


11 A  TO  If  Kit 


IIAVKLOCK 


T>r.  -Tctor  was  burn,  of  whom  lie  was  ;i  near  rela 
tion.  Tic  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Win.  Harris  in 
184'.);  was  graduated  from  Richmond  College  in 
18f)8;  sowed  the  churches  of  Portsmouth,  \  a.. 
Keytesville,  Mo..  Sidney,  and  Richmond,  Ya..  and  is 
now  associate  editor  of  the  /iih/letil  Recorder.  Mr. 
Hatcher  is  an  older  brother  of  Dr.  W.  E.  Hatcher, 
of  Virginia,  and  possesses  much  of  the  wit  and 
humor  of  that  distinguished  pastor.  He  has  at 
tained  distinction  as  a  newspaper  writer  under 
the  Hani  di; -j >/n me  of  G.  Wax/tint/foii  June.';. 

Hatcher,  William  E.,   D.D.,  of   Virginia.- 

Among  the  first  men  of  Virginia  stands  Rev.  Dr. 
W.  E.  Hatcher,  pastor  of  the  Grace  Street  Baptist 
church,  Richmond,  Born  July  2."),  1835,  in  the 
county  of  Bedford,  A'a.,  he  passed  his  youth 
among  those  blue  mountains  whore  Avere  raised 
such  preachers  as  Dr.  Jeter,  the  late  J)r.  Daniel  j 
"Witt  (''the  golden-mouthed  orator''),  and  a  large 
number  of  the  most  distinguished  ministers  which 
Virginia  over  produced.  He  entered  Richmond 
College,  and  his  native  talent  and  close  application 
soon  enabled  him  to  take  rank  among  the  best  stu 
dents  in  his  class,  and  to  graduate  in  June.  1858, 
among  the  first. 

In  August,  1858,  he  took  charge  of  a  very  weak 
church  in  Manchester  (opposite  Richmond),  and, 
by  faithful,  judicious,  and  most  untiring  work,  he 
added  400  to  the  church,  and  made  it  not  only 
self-sustaining,  but  one  of  the  most  efficient  in  the 
State. 

From  Manchester  Dr.  Hatcher  went,  in   March. 

1867,  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Franklin  Square  Bap 
tist   church,    Baltimore.      He    had  a   pleasant  and 
successful   year  with  this  church,  but  in  October, 

1868.  he   returned   to  his  native   State,   and  took 
charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Petersburg. 
During  his  seven  years'  pastorate  there  Dr.  Hatcher 
refused  a  number  of  most  tempting  calls  to  other 
pastorates,    and   labored    on    in    his   chosen    field, 
•where  he   added  to  the  church  860,  and  built  up 
the  cause  to  an  extent  rarely  equaled. 

Besides  his  labors  in  the  pastorate,  Dr.  Hatcher 
has  been  a  remarkably  successful  preacher  in  pro 
tracted  meetings,  and  several  thousand  persons  have 
professed  conversion  in  connection  with  his  labors. 
In  1875  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Grace  Street 
church  in  Richmond.  Dr.  Hatcher  is  a  man  of  rare 
and  varied  gifts.  As  a  preacher  he  is  a  remark 
able  serinonizer,  and  an  earnest  and  most  effective 
proclaimer  of  the  soul-saving  truths  of  the  gospel. 
Able,  simple,  earnest,  pathetic,  and  always^rac/;- 
cal,  large  and  delighted  congregations  wait  on  his 
ministry. 

But  Dr.  Hatcher  is  even  more  efficient  in  his  pas 
toral  work  than  in  the  pulpit.  His  genial  humor, 
keen  wit,  and  winning  manners  make  him  the  cen 
tre  of  attraction  to  the  social  circle,  while  his  de 


vout  piety,  warm  sympathies,  and  deep  earnestness 
make  him  always  a  welcome  visitor  to  the  houses- 
of  his  people  and  the  "house  of  mourning."  He 
is  especially  popular  among  the  young,  is  a  first- 
class  Sunday-school  man,  and  has  had  very  large 
success  in  leading  boys  and  girls  to  the  Cross,  and 
putting  them  to  work  for  Jesus. 

Dr.  Hatcher  has  won  a  wide  reputation  as  a 
writer  of  keen  satire  and  a  popular  lecturer,  and 
he  is  destined  to  still  higher  renown  in  this  direc 
tion.  He  was  one  of  the  most  untiring  and  success 
ful  workers  in  the  great  Virginia  Memorial  enter 
prise,  and  has  won  a  place  among  the  best  collecting 
agents  in  the  country.  There  opens  up  before  few 
young  ministers  a  brighter  career  of  successful  work 
for  the  Master  whom  he  serves  so  faithfully. 

Havelock,  Maj.-Gen.  Sir  Henry,  K.C.B.,  was 

born  at  Bishop  Wearmouth.  County  of  Durham, 
England.  April  5,  1795.  He  had  six  brothers  and 
sisters.  It  was  the  custom  of  his  mother  to  assem- 


/ 


MA.I.-GEX.   SIR     HENRY     HAVELOCK,   K.C.B. 

ble  her  children  in  a  room  for  the  reading  of  the 
Scriptures  and  prayers,  and  as  a  result  of  this  in 
early  youth,  Henry  had  serious  religious  impres 
sions.  When  at  the  Charterhouse  School,  he  and 
his  companions  met  together  regularly  in  one  of 
the  sleeping-rooms  for  religious  reading  and  con 
versation.  In  1814  he  became  a  law  pupil  o! 
Chitty,  a  distinguished  "special  pleader'  of  that 
day ;  the  future  Judge  Talfourd  was  his  fellow- 
student.  Having  a  taste  for  the  military  profession, 
he  obtained  a  commission  in  the  English  army 
about  a  month  after  the  battle  of  Waterloo.  To  fit 


HA VKLOCK 


511 


HA  tt'THORNK 


himself  for  his  new  calling  he  read  every  military 
work  which  he  could  procure,  and  made  himself 
familiar  with  all  the  great  battles  in  history  and 
the  tactics  of  all  famous  military  commanders. 

While  sailing  to  India  in  the  "General  Kyd''  in 
1823  he  first  found  peace  with  God  through  the 
blood  of  the  Lamb.  Until  this  time  he  had  a  great 
reverence  for  Jehovah  and  his  religion,  but  he  had 
never  realized  that  his  sins  were  blotted  out  by 
faith  in  the  crucified  Saviour.  This  rich  revela 
tion  of  divine  love  and  grace  in  his  soul  was,  as  it 
is  in  every  case,  as  lasting  as  life,  and  will  be  as 
continuous  as  eternity  ;  and  it  produced  the  great 
est  results  jn  his  future  career.  In  the  first  British 
war  with  Eurmah,  while  in  Rangoon  his  attention 
was  attracted  by  the  "  magnificent  Shway-dagong" 
pagoda.  It  had  a  chamber,  with  images  of  Buddha 
all  around  it  in  a  sitting  posture.  Havelock  selected 
this  room  for  the  prayer-meeting  of  his  pious  sol 
diers.  An  officer  once  heard  the  sound  of  "  psalm- 
singing"  coming  from  the  pagoda,  and,  following 
it,  he  was  led  into  the  place  of  worship.  Havelock 
was  expounding  the  Scriptures  ;  about  a  hundred 
soldiers  were  around  him  ;  the  only  light  which 
they  had  came  from  lamps  placed  in  the  laps  of 
the  surrounding  idols.  The  scene  was  a  strange 
one  in  every  way,  and  yet  it  was  as  glorious  as  it 
was  remarkable.  But  in  this  fashion  the  young 
officer  trained  his  men,  and  the  result  was  that  they 
became  the  bravest  and  the  most  moral  soldiers  in 
the  army,  in  which  they  were  called  '•  Havelock' s 
saints''  ;  and  they  were  often  employed  on  occa 
sions  demanding  special  heroism.  While  on  a 
mission  to  the  king  of  Burmah,  Havelock  was 
"formally  invested  with  a  title  of  nobility  and  an 
official  dress.'1 

He  was  married  Feb.  9,  1X29,  to  Hannah,  the 
third  daughter  of  Dr.  Marshman,  one  of  the  cele 
brated  companions  of  Dr.  Carey,  the  missionary. 
He  was  baptized  April  4,  ISM,  at  Serampore  by 
the  Rev.  John  Mack,  and  was  ever  after  identified 
with  the  Baptists. 

In  Afghanistan,  in  1X42,  after  13.000  English 
troops  had  been  destroyed  by  a  treacherous  sur 
prise,  llavelock  was  with  Sir  Robert  Sale  at  Jella- 
labad  ;  famine  stared  the  soldiers  in  the  face;  hosts 
of  Afghan  warriors  surrounded  them  ;  retreat  was 
certain  destruction.  TIavelock  commanded  one 
of  three  columns,  each  of  them  five  hundred  strong, 
in  an  attack  upon  the  besieging  Afghans.  After  a 
short  but  fierce  struggle  his  division  routed  the 
wing  opposed  to  it,  and,  being  speedily  joined  by 
the  other  two,  the  enemy,  many  thousand  strong, 
fled  in  terror,  leaving  great  numbers  of  their  dead 
and  wounded  upon  the  field.  Ho  fought  bravely 
in  the  Sikh  war,  but  secured  the  greatest  distinc 
tion  in  the  Indian  mutiny.  When  that  frightful 
calamity  fell  upon  the  Europeans  of  India  llave 


lock  rushed  to  the  scene  of  danger.  He  gained 
several  victories  near  Cawnpore,  and  rescued  it 
from  Nana  Sahib,  the  butcher  of  hundreds  of 
European  women  and  children,  whom,  wounded 
and  dead,  lie  cast  into  a  great  well.  Then  llave 
lock,  in  a  second  attempt,  reached  Liu-know,  fight 
ing,  it  is  supposed,  nearly  50,000  drilled  Sepoys 
with  2500  men,  and  carrying  on  a  battle  through 
three  miles  of  the  city,  "  where  each  house  formed 
a  separate  fortress,"  until  he  reached  the  British 
Residency,  and  gave  ample  protection  to  the  women 
and  children  and  the  slender  garrison,  who  expected 
death  every  day.  He  continued  here  until  Sir  Colin 
Campbell  brought  a  powerful  reinforcement,  and 
rescued  the  Europeans  in  Lucknow.  Brave  llave 
lock  after  this  deliverance  sank  rapidly  under  a 
deadly  disease,  and  passed  away  Nov.  22,  1S59. 

In  his  last  moments  he  said  to  Sir  James  Outram, 
"For  more  than  forty  years  I  have  so  ruled  my 
life  that  when  death  came  I  might  face  it  with 
out  fear.  I  am  not  in  the  least  afraid  ;  to  die  is 
gain.  I  die  happy  and  contented.''  To  his  oldest 
son,  who  waited  upon  him  with  great  tenderness, 
he  said,  "  Come,  my  son,  and  see  how  a  Christian 
can  die." 

(Jen.  Havelock  believed  that  (Sod  was  with  him 
and  that  he  ruled  everything,  and  he  was  as  cool 
in  appalling  dangers  as  if  nothing  could  injure 
him.  Wherever  he  was  he  found  out  the  people 
of  God  and  joined  in  their  worship.  He  main 
tained  his  religious  character  among  the  most  un 
godly  young  officers  of  the  English  army  in  India, 
and  he  was  always  ready  to  confess  his  supreme 
attachment  to  the  King  of  Kings.  His  death  created 
the  greatest  gloom  in  the  British  Islands;  as  a 
Christian  and  as  a  military  hero  he  is  revered 
throughout  his  own  country,  and  known  and  es 
teemed  over  the  world.  Just  before  his  death  he 
was  made  a  baronet,  with  a  pension  of  £1000  a 
year.  A  statue  by  public  subscription  has  been 
erected  to  his  memory  in  Trafalgar  Square,  Lon 
don.  Had  this  eminent  Baptist  lived  a  few  years 
longer  no  doubt  he  would  have  risen  to  the  highest 
grade  of  the  British  peerage  ;  but  the  Lord  ele 
vated  him  to  be  a  king  and  a  priest  with  himself 
in  the  skies. 

Hawthorne,  J.  B.,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church,  Richmond,  Va.,  was  born  May  16, 
1S37,  in  Wilcox  Co.,  Ala.  His  father  was  a  de 
voted  Baptist  minister  of  an  old  and  honored  fam 
ily.  Young  Hawthorne  was  converted  early  in 
life,  and  after  completing  his  literary  studies  at 
Howard  College,  in  his  native  State,  lie  spent  about 
three  years  in  the  study  and  practice  of  law  in 
Mobile.  Under  a  conscientious  sense  of  duty  he 
decided  to  abandon  his  profession  and  engage  in 
the  ministry.  He;  re-entered  Howard  College,  and 
pursued  a  course  of  study  in  the  theological  depart- 


II A  WTHORNE 


HA  VCR AFT 


ment.  On  the  22d  of  September,  1859,  at  Friend 
ship  Baptist  church,  in  his  native  county,  he  was 
ordained  to  ttie  work  of  the  ministry.  Soon  after 
wards  he  became  pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist 


J.    H.    HAWTHOKN'E,   I).D. 

church  in  the  city  of  Mobile.  Here  his  reputation 
as  a  preacher  and  pastor  was  rapidly  rising,  when, 
in  1SG3,  he  entered  the  Confederate  army  as  chap 
lain  of  an  Alabama  regiment,  in  which  capacity 
his  labors  were  very  useful.  At  the  close  of  the 
war  he  accepted  the  care  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Selnia,  Ala.,  where  he  remained  two  years,  and 
was  then  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Franklin 
Square  Baptist  church,  Baltimore.  After  a  suc 
cessful  pastorate  there  of  two  years,  he  accepted  a 
call  to  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Albany,  N.  Y. 
From  Albany  he  was  called  to  the  Broadway  Bap 
tist  church.  Louisville,  Ky.,  where  his  labors  were 
greatly  blessed.  AVhile  here  a  beautiful  church 
edifice  was  erected,  costing  over  8100,000,  and  ded 
icated  entirely  free  of  debt.  From  Louisville  he 
was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Tabernacle  Bap 
tist  church  of  New  York  City,  which  greatly  pros 
pered  under  his  faithful  labors.  Failing  health 
and  the  rigors  of  a  Northern  climate  culminating 
in  a  sickness  which  was  nigh  unto  death,  compelled 
him  reluctantly  to  leave  this  field  of  labor,  and 
late  in  the  year  187")  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  Montgomery,  Ala.  Here  in  his 
native  State  his  health  greatly  improved,  and  his 
ministry  was  largely  blessed.  The  denomination 
increased  in  numbers  and  in  influence,  and  the  spe 
cial  tenets  of  the  Baptist  faith  won  their  way  to  the 


favorable  consideration  of  all  sects.  In  the  autumn 
of  1879,  Dr.  Hawthorne  was  invited  to  the  pastor 
ate  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Richmond,  Va., 
which  he  accepted.  Succeeding  such  pastors  as 
Manly,  Burrows,  and  Warren,  he  has  at  once  won 
the  regard  and  admiration  of  the  vast  audiences 
which  regularly  crowd  the  church.  Dr.  Hawthorne 
is  in  the  prime  of  life,  tall,  dignified,  and -of  com 
manding  presence.  He  has  great  power  as  an  im 
pressive  speaker.  His  thoughts  are  fresh  and 
stimulating,  his  language  graceful,  his  utterance 
deliberate.  He  has  considerable  dramatic  power, 
easily  winning  and  holding  the  attention  of  his 
hearers.  As  a.  lecturer,  also,  he  has  secured  a  flat 
tering  reputation,  and  in  evangelistic  labors  he  has 
been  greatly  blessed  by  gracious  revivals  and  nu 
merous  conversions. 

Hawthorne,  Rev.  Kedor,  was  born  in  Robin 
son  Co..  N.  0.,  in  January,  1797,  and  moved  to 
Alabama  in  1817  and  settled  in  Conecuh  County; 
AVfis  bapti/ed  by  the  Rev.  Alex.  Travis  in  1825.  and 
K'gau  to  preach  two  or  three  years  afterwards  : 
spent  about  fifty  years  in  the  ministry,  planted 
many  churches  in  South  Alabama  and  West  Flor 
ida,  baptized  about  4500  believers  in  Christ,  and 
died  in  peace  the  latter  part  of  August,  1877,  at 
the  age  of  eighty  years.  He  was  a  pure  man  and 
an  able  minister  of  the  New  Testament.  He  reared 
a  most  interesting  family,  the  gifted  Rev.  J.  B. 
Hawthorne,  D.D.,  now  of  Richmond,  Va.,  and  the 
Rev.  Gen.  Hawthorne,  of  Texas,  being  sons  of  his. 
The  latter  was  a  brigadier-general  in  the  Confed 
erate  army,  and  the  former  has  reached  the  highest 
celebrity  as  a  preacher. 

Haycraft,  Rev.  N.  P.,  was  born  in  Eliznbeth- 
town,  Ky.,  April  (J,  1797.  He  was  converted  in 
May,  1831  ;  ordained  in  1834  in  Illinois.  In  1835 
he  removed  to  Missouri  and  settled  in  LewTis  County. 
He  cultivated  his  farm,  and  was  a  missionary  of 
the  Bethel  Association  and  of  the  General  Associ 
ation  in  North  Missouri  for  six  years  from  1842. 
He  baptized  over  400  persons  in  the  different 
churches  in  which  he  ministered.  lie  endured 
heat  and  cold,  toil  and  self-denial,  for  the  Saviour's 
sake.  In  1849  he  went  to  California,  and  return- 
insr,  began  to  preach  Jesus.  He  has  helped  to  or 
ganize  thirteen  churches  and  to  ordain  seventeen 
ministers.  lie  is  now  eighty-four  years  old,  and 
says,  "My  labors  are  well-nigh  done." 

Haycraft,  Samuel,  a  distinguished  citizen  of 
Kentucky,  was  born  in  Elizabethtown,  Aug.  14. 
1795.  He  was  clerk  of  the  county  and  circuit 
courts,  practised  law,  and  represented  his  district 
in  the  State  senate.  Mr.  Haycraft  joined  Severn's 
Valley  Baptist  church,  the  oldest  congregation  in 
the  Mississippi  Valley,  in  early  manhood.  He 
was  one  of  the  constituents  of  the  Baptist  Conven 
tion  and  General  Association  of  Kentucky,  and  a 


ii  Area  OFT 


513 


ii  A 


generous  contributor  to  its  objects.  lie  assisted 
liberally  in  the  endowment  of  Georgetown  College 
and  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary. 
lie  was  connected  with  the  Sabbath-school  of  his 


SAML'KI.     II  AVCKAFT. 

church  as  superintendent  and  teacher  forty  years. 
He  was  a  brilliant  and  humorous  speaker  and 
charming  writer,  a  gentleman  of  superior  culture, 
an  almost  unrivaled  conversationalist,  and  during 
his  long  life  made  good  use  of  his  talents  in  de 
votion  to  Christianity  and  practical  benevolence. 
He  died  Dec.  22,  187*. 

Haycroft,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  for  several  years 
one  of. the  most  eminent  ministers  of  the  English 
Baptists,  was  born  near  Exeter,  Feb.  14,  1X21. 
Having  joined  the  church  at  Thorverton.  Devon 
shire,  in  early  youth,  and  manifesting  a  desire  to 
enter  the  ministry,  he  was  admitted  to  Stepney 
College,  and  subsequently  studied  at  Edinburgh 
and  Glasgow.  His  first  settlement  was  at  Saffron, 
"\Valden,  in  Essex,  as  co-pastor  with  the  Rev.  T. 
Wilkinson.  Thence,  after  some  years  of  successful 
labor,  he  was  invited  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Broad- 
mead  church,  Bristol.  During  this  pastorate,  which 
continued  for  eighteen  years,  he  rose  to  the  eminent 
place  in  the  denomination  which  he  held  at  his 
death.  In  1806  lie  removed  to  Leicester  to  take 
charge  of  a  new  church,  and  in  the  midst  of  his 
work  and  the  fullness  of  his  powers,  died  Feb.  K>, 
1873,  aged  fifty-two.  His  indomitable  energy  and 
high  culture  secured  him  the  respect  of  the  com 
munity,  whilst  his  services  to  the  denomination  en 
deared  him  to  his  brethren,  and  marked  him  as  a 


leader  to  whom  the  highest  trusts  might  be  confi 
dently  committed.  Though  a  prolific  writer  and  a 
brilliant  orator,  he  published  little.  lie  received 
the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Glasgow  University,  with 
appropriate  congratulations  upon  his  high  attain 
ments. 

Hayden,  Lucian,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Winsted, 
Conn.,  in  IXlJX;  baptized  in  Bethany,  Wayne  Co., 
Pa.,  in  August,  1X30;  was  graduated  in  Hamilton, 
N.  Y.,in  1836;  ordained  in  Dover,  N.  II.,  in  June, 
1838.  lie  was  pastor  there  four  years,  at  Saxton's 
River,  Vt.,  fourteen  years,  and  at  New  London. 
X.  II..  eleven  years;  had  charge  of  Theological 
Institute  for  Freedmen  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  for  a  few 
months,  and  for  three  years  of  Indianapolis  (In 
diana)  Female  Institute  ;  pastor  at  Grafton,  Vt.,  for 
three  years,  and  now  is  settled  at  Dunbarton,  N.  II.  -. 
was  two  years  president  of  Vermont  Baptist  State 
Convention,  and  one  year  of  New  Hampshire  State 
Convention  ;  elected  a  member  of  New  Hampshire 
Legislature  from  New  London  in  1865;  author  of 
••  Pure  Christianity  Characterized  by  Spirituality," 
published  by  American  Baptist  Publication  Society  ; 
received  D.D.  from  Madison  University.  Dr.  Hay- 
den  is  an  excellent  pastor  and  preacher,  distin 
guished  for  piety  and  practical  wisdom,  and  has 
long  been  esteemed  OIK;  of  our  prominent  men  in 
Northern  New  England. 

Haygood,  Rev.  Francis  MM  of  Lithonia,  was 

born  in  ('lark  Co.,  Ga.,  Aug.  IX,  1817-  He  pro 
fessed  a  hope  and  united  with  Mars  Hill  church  in 
1835;  was  licensed  in  1840;  attended  the  theo- 
|  logical  department  of  Mercer  University  in  1840 
and  1841,  at  Penfield,  and  was  ordained  at  Canton 
in  1847.  For  a  few  years  he  taught  school,  but 
for  forty  years  has  been  an  evangelistic  preacher, 
and  a  laborious  and  faithful  colporteur  and  Sun 
day-school  worker.  He  has  had  charge  of  several 
churches  in  different  parts  of  the  State  ;  was  for 
some  years  the  depository  agent  of  the  Georgia  Bap 
tist  Bible  and  Colporteur  Society  at  Macon,  and 
for  many  years  the  successful  agent  of  the  Ameri 
can  Tract  Society  of  New  York,  a  position  he  fills 
at  present.  All  his  life  he  has  been  a  hard-work 
ing  and  faithful  Christian  laborer. 

Hayman,  Rev.  J.  M. — Henry  Hayman,  paternal 
grandfather  of  our  subject,  was  born  on  the  Eastern 
Shore  of  Maryland.  He  was  a  lieutenant  in  the 
Revolutionary  war,  and  after  its  close  he  married 
Mollie  Goodall,  and  settled  in  Burke  Co.,  Ga. 
Here  he  reared 'his  family.  James,  his  son,  was  the 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  His  maternal 
grandfather,  Rev.  James  Martin,  of  Bryan  Co.,  Ga., 
was  a  Dunkard  Baptist  minister.  James  Martin 
Hayman,  of  whom  we  write,  is  the  oldest  child  of 
James  and  Delila  (Martin)  Hayman,  and  was  born 
in  Bryan  Co.,  Ga.,  Dec.  28,  1822.  He  professed  re 
ligion  and  was  baptized  by  Elder  John  Tucker,  in 


JIAYMORK 


514 


II A  YNES 


Ilernando  Co..  Fl:i.,  Aug.  7,  1844,  and  was  licensed 
to  preach  by  Alafia  church,  of  Ilillsborough  (bounty, 
June  17,  185],  and  at  the  request  of  the  saino 
church  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  Nov.  10,  1S51, 
Klders  .John  Tucker,  Daniel  Edwards,  and  M.  N. 
Strickland  constituting  the  Presbytery. 

lie  informs  the  writer  that  his  diary  shows  that 
he  has  traveled  25,000  miles  in  the  discharge  of 
ministerial  labors,  preached  500  sermons,  besides 
lectures  and  other  labor,  and  baptized  Ml',)  persons. 

Elder  Hayman  moved  to  South  Florida  when  it 
was  almost  a  wilderness,  and  so  sparsely  inhabited 
that  lie  would  often  ride  forty  miles  from  one  com 
munity  to  another,  lie  has  lived  to  see  the  fruit, 
of  his  labors  to  a  considerable  degree.  Mr.  Hay- 
man  is  a  prudent  man,  whose  ministry  has  been  a 
blessing. 

Haymore,  Rev.  C.  C.,  was  born  in  Yadkin  Co.. 
N.  ('.,  in  1S48;  bapti/.ed  in  1869  by  Uev.  J.  II. 
Lewellyn  ;  ordained  in  1870:  was  a  student  fora 
while  at  Wake  Forest  College,  and  is  now  the  effi 
cient  pastor  of  Mount  Airy  church. 

Haynes,  Albert  G.,  Avas  born  in  Greene  Co.,  Ga., 
Aug.  1 ,1805  ;  was  educated  at  Monticello,  Jasper  Co., 
Ga.  ;  resided  for  two  years  in  the  forks  of  the  Talla- 
poosa  River,  Ala.  ;  resided  seven  years  in  Noxubee 
Co.,  Miss. :  removed  to  Texas  in  the  fall  of  1842.  lie 
was  a  prominent  participator  in  the  efforts  to  es 
tablish  the  Baptist  church  at  Independence.  He 
served  as  moderator  of  the  Union  Association  at 
one  or  two  important  sessions,  lie  acted  as  deacon 
for  nearly  thirty  years,  and,  besides  contributing 
liberally  of  his  means  to  the  cause  of  Christ,  dis 
pensed  a  princely  hospitality  at  his  residence  dur 
ing  his  lifetime.  He  held  the  offices  of  notary  and 
magistrate,  and  represented  the  county  of  Wash 
ington  in  the  State  Legislature,  and  was  a  trustee 
and  treasurer  of  Baylor  University  for  many  years, 
aiding  by  all  means  in  his  power  in  promoting  the 
cause  of  religion  and  education.  lie  died  May  22, 
1870.  lie  was  a  leading  man  in  all  religious  arid 
political  assemblies  in  Texas  from  1842  to  1870. 

Haynes,  Rev.  Dudley  C.,  Avas  born  in  Port 
land,  Me.,  Sept,  15,  1801).  lie  was  converted  in 
the  winter  of  1831,  and  united  with  the  First  Bap 
tist  church  of  Portland,  by  which  he  was  licensed 
to  preach.  lie  entered  the  preparatory  department 
of  Newton  Theological  Institution  in  1832,  and 
graduated  from  the  seminary  in  1837.  He  became 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Marblehend,  Mass., 
by  which  he  was  ordained  immediately  on  leaving 
the  seminary.  He  has  also  been  pastor  at  Middle- 
town,  Conn.,  Utica,  N.  Y.,  Brunswick,  Me.,  Ilyan- 
nis,  Mass.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Bainbridge  and  Union. 
X.  Y.,  where  now,  in  the  seventy-second  year  of 
his  age,  he  is  actively  engaged  in  pastoral  work. 
During  these  forty-four  years  of  uninterrupted 
labor,  he  has  at  different  times  served  the  Amer 


ican  Baptist  Missionary  Union  and  American  Tract 
Society.  On  resigning  his  pastorate  at  Philadel 
phia  he  became  the  district  secretary  of  the  Amer 
ican  Baptist  Publication  Society  for  New  England, 
in  which  work  lie  was  very  successful.  lie  was 
afterwards  corresponding  secretary  of  the  American 
and  Foreign  Bible  Society  for  four  years.  During 
the  war  he  was  engaged  as  the  general  agent  of  the 
American  Frecdmen's  Relief  Association  and  the 
American  Freedmen's  Union  Commission,  visiting 
California  twice  for  these  societies,  and  Europe 
once,  and  raising  large  sums  of  money. 

He  has  also  had  charge  at  different  times  of  the 
affairs  of  the  American  Colonization  Society  and 
of  the  American  Peace  Society  in  specially  desig 
nated  fields.  During  Mr.  llaynes'  secretaryship 
for  the  Publication  Society  he  wrote  l>  The  Baptist 
Denomination,''  a  book  published  by  Sheldon  & 
Co.,  which  had  a  large  sale  previous  to  the  Avar. 

This  is  a  brief  sketch  of  a  life  of  unceasing 
activity  and  usefulness.  Few  men  have  done  so 
much  hard  work  and  enjoyed  such  remarkable 
health. 

Haynes,  Rev.  Emory  J ,  AVUS  born  at  Cabot, 
Vt,,  Feb.  6,  1846.  His  father  and  grandfather 
were  Methodist  Episcopal  ministers  of  considerable 
note  in  that  denomination.  In  1863  he  made  a 
public  profession  of  religion,  and  united  with  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  In  1868  he  was  grad 
uated  from  the  Wesleyan  University,  of  Middle- 
toAvn,  and  was  immediately  settled  as  pastor  of  a 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  in  Norwich,  Conn.  In 
1870  he  was  put  in  charge  of  St.  Paul's  church, 
Fall  River,  and  two  years  later  he  was  transferred 
to  Hanson  Place  Methodist  Episcopal  church, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Here  he  drew  great  throngs  of 
people,  and  the  church  found  it  necessary  to  in 
crease  the  capacity  of  their  house.  In  1875  he  took 
charge  of  the  Seventh  Avenue  church  in  the  same 
city.  Two  years  later  his  convictions  led  him  re 
luctantly  to  sever  his  connection  with  the  Method 
ists  and  unite  with  the  Baptists.  He  was  baptized 
in  the  Fifth  Avenue  Baptist  church  by  Thomas 
Armitage,  D.D.,  and  on  that  occasion  made  public 
his  reasons  for  the  change.  He  was  very  soon 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Washington  Avenue 
Baptist  church,  Brooklyn.  During  the  three  years 
of  his  labor  a  large  number  have  been  added  to  the 
church.  lie  is  a  fluent  and  eloquent  preacher,  his 
discourses  abounding  in  illustrations,  showing  a 
•warm  heart  and  an  earnest  desire  for  the  spiritual 
welfare  of  the  people.  He  is  the  author  of  a  work 
entitled  "  Are  These  Things  So?''  gems  of  thought 
selected  from  his  sermons. 

Haynes,  J.  A.,  M.D.,  D.D.,  Avas  born  in  King 
and  Queen  Co.,  Ya..  Dec,  13.  1822.  He  was  edu 
cated  by  his  father  in  part,  and  at  the  Virginia  Bap 
tist  Seminary  (Richmond  College).  He  subse- 


//.I 


515 


JIHA  Til 


quently  entered  the  Columbian  College,  where  lie 
graduated  in  1843.  After  having  served  for  a  year 
as  principal  of  the  Bruington  Academy,  he  attended 
lectures  at  the  National  Medical  College  (the  Co 
lumbian  College)  during  the  session  of  1844 — 15, 
and  completed  his  medical  course  at  the  Jefferson 
Medical  College.  Philadelphia,  where  he  graduated 
in  1846.  After  practising  his  profession  in  King  and 
Queen  and  Clarke  Counties.  Va.,  for  some  time,  he 
felt  it  to  be  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  was 
licensed  by  the  Berryville  church,  Clarke  County, 
in  1853,  and  ordained  in  1857.  After  laboring  for 
a  while  in  behalf  of  the  State  Mission  Board,  he  be 
came  principal  of  the  Clarke  Female  Seminary,  at 
Berryville.  In  the  fall  of  I860,  Dr.  Haynes  re 
moved  to  London  County,  having  accepted  the  pas 
torate  of  the  Ebenezer  and  of  Middleburg  churches, 
the  former  in  1858,  the  latter  in  1859.  In  1807 
he  left  Ebenezer  and  took  charge  of  Long  Branch. 
While  residing  at  Middleburg,  he  also  had  charge 
of  a  young  ladies'  seminary  until  1876.  Dr.  Haynes 
has  preached  frequently  in  the  adjoining  counties, 
assisting  in  protracted  meetings,  and  rendering 
efficient  services  in  Associational  and  kindred  meet 
ings,  by  means  of  his  good  judgment  and  independ 
ence.  Richmond  College  conferred  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.I),  upon  him  in  1877.  Dr.  Ilaynes  died 
very  suddenly  in  the  early  part  of  1880. 

Haynes,  Lucius  M.  S.,  D.D.,  is  the  son  of  Rev. 

]).  C.  Haynes.  and  was  born  at  Marblehead,  Mass., 
in  February.  1838.  He  was  graduated  at  the  High 
School.  Philadelphia,  and  studied  at  Xewton  Theo 
logical  Seminary.  He  was  ordained  as  pastor  at 
Augusta,  Me. 

Early  in  the  war  he  enlisted  in  the  army,  and 
was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  of  the  4th  Maine 
Light  Artillery.  After  serving  one  year  he  re 
signed,  and  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Bap 
tist  church  of  Oswego,  N.  Y.  He  was  afterwards 
induced  to  accept  a  call  from  Watertown,  then  from 
Norwich,  and,  after  the  death  of  the  lamented  Dr. 
Lyman  Wright,  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  Binghamton  Baptist  church,  X.  Y.  His  earnest 
and  faithful  labor  in  all  these  leading  churches  in 
Central  New  York,  his  fidelity  to  his  denomination, 
and  his  ability  in  the  pulpit,  have  given  him  a  high 
position  in  the  estimation  of  his  brethren.  The 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  con 
ferred  upon  him  by  Madison  University. 

Haynes,  Rev.  Sylvanus,  was  born  in  Prince 
ton,  Mass.,  Fel).  22,  1768  ;  commenced  to  preach  in 
March,  1789;  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Middletown.  Vt.,  where  he  remained 
twenty-six  years,  his  ministry  being  accompanied 
with  abundant  fruits.  lie  removed  to  Elbridge, 
Vt.,  in  1817.  and  there  preached  with  great  success 
for  several  years.  He  died  Dec.  30,  1826. 

Hazen,  Rev.  J.  H.,  for  many  years  a  pastor  in 


Illinois,  now  laid  aside  in  consequence  of  injuries 
received  while  a  chaplain  in  the  army,  is  a  native 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  was  born  Sept.  10,  1824,  of 
Massachusetts  Puritan  stock  on  the  father's  side,. 
and  on  the  mother's  of  Scottish  descent,  his  grand 
mother  having  come  from  the  Highlands  of  Scot 
land.  He  was  converted  at  twelve,  and  licensed  to 
preach  at  seventeen,  by  the  First  church  of  Provi 
dence,  into  whose  fellowship  he  had  been  bapti/ed. 
He  studied  at  Providence  Academy  and  at  the 
Northwestern  Institute.  Sharon,  Pa.,  taking,  sub 
sequently,  a  two  years'  course  in  theology  in  a 
private  class  under  Dr.  John  Winter.  During  the 
twenty-eight  years  of  his  pastoral  service  he  has 
labored  with  churches  at  Salem,  where  he  was  or 
dained  in  1844,  Georgetown,  and  Meadville.  Pa., 
and  in  Illinois  at  lirimfield,  Peoria.  arid  Amboy. 
During  the  war  he  served  in  the  army  both  as  chap 
lain  and  as  surgeon,  and  by  injuries  and  overwork 
wras  completely  disabled.  His  present  home  is  Am- 
bo}7,  where,  though  released  from  active  service,  he 
shares  the  sympathy  and  esteem  of  his  brethren  as 
a  true  man  and  "  a  good  minister  of  Jesus  Christ." 

Heard,  Rev.  George  Felix,  son  of  Col.  Abram 
and  Nancy  Heard,  was  born  in  Greensborough,  Ga.r 
Feb.  29,  1812  :  prepared  for  college  at  Athens,  (la.  ; 
entered  University  of  Georgia  in  same  place,  and 
graduated  with  honor  in  1829:  joined  the  Presby 
terian  church  at  Athens  in  1827;  shortly  after  his 
graduation  he  entered  Princeton  Theological  Semi 
nary  ;  remained  a  year  ;  then  went  to  Andover  for 
a  year ;  then  returned  to  Princeton,  and  continued 
till  May,  1833,  when,  convinced  that  the  views  of 
the  Baptists  could  be  sustained  by  the  Scriptures, 
he  was  constrained  to  change  his  ecclesiastical  re 
lations  and  cast  in  his  lot  with  the  Baptists.  Ac 
cordingly  he  left  the  Princeton  Seminary,  joined 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Philadelphia,  and  com 
pleted  his  studies  under  Rev.  Win.  T.  Brantly,  Sr., 
D.D.  lie  returned  to  Georgia,  and  in  February, 
1834,  was  called  to  Black  Swamp  church.  S.  C. 
But  the  next  year  he  removed  to  Mobile,  Ala.,  be 
came  pastor  of  the  church,  laboring  with  great  zeal 
and  fidelity  five  years,  during  the  latter  three  of 
which  he  edited  a  Baptist  paper  called  The  Monitor* 
In  1841  he  removed  to  Harrison  Co.,  Texas,  where 
his  course  was  one  of  constantly  increasing  useful 
ness,  until  it  was  terminated  by  death  in  1844.  He 
was  an  admirable  public  speaker.  Had  he  lived 
longer  he  would  have  produced  a  much  deeper 
impression  in  reference  to  his  powers  as  a  scholar, 
a  theologian,  and  a  preacher. 

Heath,  Rev.  Moses,  A.M.,  was  born  in  King- 
wood,  N.  J..  May  13,  1827,  and  graduated  at  Madi 
son  University.  X".  Y..  in  1854.  Having  taught  for 
two  years,  he  was  ordained  in  September,  1856,  by 
the  Baptist  church  at  Flemington,  N.  J.,  where  he 
had  been  baptized,  licensed  to  preach,  and  married. 


II KL  WYS 


[in mediately  after  ordination  lie  became  pastor  at 
McKeesport,  Pa.  Sixty  were  added  to  the  church 
during  his  pastorate  there.  In  IS"/.)  a  long-cher- 
islied  desire  lor  missionary  work  induced  him  to 
remove  to  .Minnesota.  Commissioned  by  the  Ainer- 
ican  Baptist  Homo  Mission  Society,  he  settled  at 
Belle  Plaino,  remaining  six  years  as  pastor  of  the 
church  and  missionary  for  the  surrounding  region. 
In  this  field  ho  baptized  about  seventy.  Compelled 
bv  ill  health  to  leave,  it,  he  accepted  the  charge  of 
the  church  at  Anoka,  Minn.  There,  amidst  his 
pastoral  duties,  he  served  as  county  superintendent 
of  public  schools.  After  two  years  of  happv  labor 
he  left  a  loved  and  loving  people  in  order  to  take 
charge  of  the  .Minnesota  Baptist  school,  then  at 
Hastings,  where  he  also  became  pastor  of  the  Bap 
tist  church.  In  a  few  months,  however,  bronchial 
disease  laid  him  aside  from  all  labor  and  necessi 
tated  a  change  of  residence.  Benefited  by  climate 
and  rest,  he  took  charge  of  the  Loller  Academy, 
Hatborough,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  four  years. 
Since  187-  he  has  been  principal  of  Wyoming  In 
stitute  of  Delaware,  preaching  occasionally  as  health 
permits,  and  assisted  in  his  educational  work  by 
members  of  his  family. 

Heath,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Newport. 
N.  II.,  .March  !),  179S.  He  graduated  at  Dart 
mouth  College  in  the  class  of  1X26.  Among  his 
classmates  was  the  late  Chief-Justice  Chase.  For 
a  year  after  his  graduation  he  was  a  tutor  in  the 
preparatory  department  of  the  Columbian  College 
at  Washington.  He  graduated  at  the  Newton  The 
ological  Institution  in  1832,  and  soon  after  became 
principal  of  the  South  Reading  Academy.  He  was 
ordained  as  an  evangelist -July  1,  lS.'-5">.  His  pas 
torates  were  with  the  churches  in  Shelburne  Falls 
and  North  Reading,  Mass.  He  was  in  the  book 
trade  for  several  years,  having  charge  of  the  Bap 
tist  Sabbath-School  Depository  in  Boston.  His 
death  took  place  Jan.  11),  1869,  at  Wakefield, 
Mass. 

Hedden,  Rev.  Benjamin  Franklin,  son  of 
Bartholomew,  was  born  in  Stonington,  Conn.,  in 
1803;  was  an  excellent  school-teacher;  licensed 
and  ordained  by  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Gro- 
ton.  and  succeeded  Rev.  John  (1.  AVightman  in  its 
pulpit :  labored  in  various  fields  with  marked  suc 
cess, — Martha's  Vineyard,  Mass.  ;  East  Greenwich, 
R.  I. ;  Manchester,  N.  II.  ;  Mansfield,  Conn.  ;  Cam- 
den,  N.  J.  ;  the  Twelfth  Baptist  church  in  Phila 
delphia;  an  able  and  devout  man.  From  ill  health 
and  a  fall  lie  resigned  his  pastorate  in  Philadelphia 
in  1871,  and  died  Feb.  27.  1872.  aged  sixty-eight 
years.  His  brother,  Rev.  Harlem  Hodden,  was  a 
useful  preacher  in  different  parts  of  New  London 
Co.,  Conn. 

Hedden,  Rev.  William  D.,  the  son  of  Presby 
terian  parents,  was  born  at  East  Orange.  N.  J.,  Nov. 


6,  1X21).  He  was  converted  at  seventeen,  and  being 
convinced  that  the  immersion  of  believers  only  is 
New  Testament  baptism,  he  united  with  the  church 
at  East  Orange.  After  pursuing  studies  at  Hamil 
ton  he  was  ordained  at  Meridian,  N.  V..  in  IX"):). 
May  I.'!.  IX")"),  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  with 
which  he  first  united,  where,  with  the  exception  of 
a  few  months,  he  has  continued  to  labor  till  the 
present  time.  Mr.  Hodden  has  corresponded  con 
siderably  for  the  religious  press,  and  cultivates  the 
poetic  talent. 

Helwys,  Thomas,  was  a  native  of  England, 
who  went  to  Amsterdam,  in  Holland,  and  united 
with  a  church  of  English  Separatists,  founded  in 
the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  In 
this  church  a  controversy  arose  about  the  validity 
of  infant  baptism,  which  led  to  the  exclusion  of 
those  who  rejected  that  unseriptural  custom,  and 
of  Thomas  llelwvs  with  his  Baptist  brethren. 
While  a  member  of  the  Brownist  Church  they 
looked  upon  him  as  a  man  of  eminent  faith, 
charity,  and  spiritual  gifts. 

In  the  Baptist  church  formed  by  the  expelled 
Separatists.  Mr.  Ilohvys  enjoyed  the  warmest  re 
gards  of  the  entire  people;  and  when,  in  1011,  their 
pastor,  the  Rev.  John  Smyth,  died,  Mr.  Helwys  was 
elected  his  successor. 

Very  soon  after  entering  upon  his  office,  probably 
early  in  Id  12.  Mr.  Helwys  became  uneasy  about 
staving  out  of  England  ;  it  appeared  to  him  to 
savor  of  cowardice,  and  he  was  convinced  that  it 
was  his  duty  and  that  of  his  church  to  return  home 
at  once  and  bear  testimonv  to  the  truth,  since  per 
secution  threatened  its  extinction,  and  encourage 
and  comfort  their  brethren  who  were  suffering  for 
Christ's  sake.  The  church  and  pastor  decided 
speedily,  and  soon  commenced  worship  in  London. 
The  community  flourished  greatly  in  its  new  home, 
and  its  members  were  often  the  victims  of  royal 
and  episcopal  hatred.  Mr.  Ilelwys  was  a  man  of 
power,  and  his  influence  lived  long  after  he  slept 
with  his  fathers.  His  doctrines  were  said  to  be 
Arminian.  His  views  of  civil  government  in  re 
lation  to  religion  were  thoroughly  Scriptural,  and 
in  that  day  were  held  by  none  but  Baptists.  In  a 
Confession  of  Faith  received  by  his  people,  and 
probably  written  by  him.  published  about  1611,  it 
is  said,  '*  The  magistrate  is  not  to  meddle  with  re 
ligion  or  matters  of  conscience,  nor  to  compel  men 
to  this  or  that  form  of  religion  ;  because  Christ  is 
the  king  and  lawgiver  of  the  church  and  con 
science.''  (Crosby,  i..  Appendix,  p.  71.)  Nothing 
more  emphatic  was  ever  written  on  the  question  of 
soul  liberty  in  any  age  or  country.  But  in  the 
days  of  Ilelwys  this  doctrine  was  denounced  by 
Robinson,  the  father  of  the  Puritans  who  founded 
New  Plymouth  in  1620.  Mr.  Helwys  and  his 
Baptist  brethren  were  detested  as  much  for  the 


HENDERSON 


HENDRICKSON 


liberty  of  conscience  for  which  they  pleaded  as  for 
the  believer's  baptism  which  they  practised. 

Henderson,  Rev.  Samuel,  D.D.,  a  native  of 
Jefferson  Co.,  Tenn.,  was  born  March  4,  1*17; 
united  with  the  church  in  September.  1S32. 
Reared  to  the  business  of  a  practical  printer, 
when  quite  a  youth  he  removed  to  Alabama, 
and  established  one  of  the  first  political  news 
papers  of  Talladega,  which  lie  published  and  ed 
ited  for  several  years.  Jle  was  ordained  to  the 
gospel  ministry  in  the  church  in  Talladega  in  1840, 
this  being  his  first  pastorate.  Moved  to  Tuskegee 
in  1S4<>,  where  he  was  pastor  for  twenty-one  years. 
To  the  Baptists  Tuskegee  was,  during  that  period, 
one  of  the  most  important  centres  of  influence  in 
the  State.  In  addition  to  its  refined  and  wealthy 
church  membership,  it  was  the  site  of  the  East 
Alabama  Female  College,  a  property  whose;  erec 
tion  cost  our  brethren  not  less  than  S4(J,000.  It 
was  also  the  scat  of  publication  of  the  Southwestern 
Baptist,  the  denominational  organ  of  the  State, 
which  was  conducted  with  marked  ability  by  Dr. 
Henderson,  it  being  then  one  of  the  most  influen 
tial  religious  journals  in  the  whole  South.  (See 
ALABAMA  BAPTIST  NEWSPAPERS.)  In  1808,  Dr. 
Henderson  returned  to  Talladega  County  to  the 
charge  of  several  country  and  village  churches, 
among  the  best  country  churches  in  the  State, 
when;  he  is  pleasantly  located  on  a  handsome  and 
fertile  farm,  and  passes  his  time  in  visiting  the 
churches,  writing  for  the  papers,  being  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  Christian  fndcx,  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and 
in  making  further  search  into  the  contents  of  his 
splendid  library.  For  the  last  thirty  years  Dr. 
Henderson  has  been  among  the  most  prominent 
and  useful  of  Alabama  ministers.  Liberally  edu 
cated  at  the  start,  he  has  become  one  of  our  eru 
dite  men,  an  able  and  distinguished  preacher,  an 
adviser  of  first-class  judgment,  a  graceful,  cul 
tivated,  and  powerful  writer,  and  withal  a  sound 
theologian,  thoroughly  rcml-up.  Dr.  Henderson 
has  published  a  number  of  able  sermons,  review 
articles,  and  other  strong  and  well-prepared  docu 
ments.  It  was  in  his  discussion  with  the  Rev. 
Mr.  llamill  of  the  Alabama  Conference  on  "Meth 
odist  Episcopacy,"  more  than  twenty  years  ago, 
that  he  gained  a  distinguished  reputation  as  a 
ready  and  cogent  ecclesiastical  controversialist. 
It  was  first  published  in  his  paper  in  Tuskegee, 
and  subsequently  in  a  book  of  380  pages,  by  the 
Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society  at  Charleston. 
Nothing  can  be  found  more  satisfactory  on  that 
subject.  His  father,  Deacon  John  F.  Henderson, 
was  for  many  years  one  of  the  most  useful  mem 
bers  of  the  church  in  Talladega.  Of  tin's  church 
his  younger  brother,  Hon.  John  Henderson,  an 
able  and  upright  judge  of  the  Circuit  Court,  is  now 
a  member  and  a  deacon. 


Hendricks,  Rev.  John,  who  had  been  a  Meth 
odist  minister,  lived  in  Greensborough,  Ga.,  where 
he  was  very  useful  as  a  preacher  in  the  Baptist 
churches  of  that  section.  Becoming  troubled  on 
the  subject  of  baptism,  because  of  doubt  as  to  its 
proper  administration,  and  unwilling  to  remain  in  a 
state  of  uncertainty,  he  investigated  the  subject,  and 
became  convinced  of  the  propriety  of  immersion. 
He  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Adiel  Sherwood  about 
1S27.  He  afterwards  removed  to  Cherokee,  Ga.r 
where  he  resided  until  his  death. 

Hendrickson,  Charles  R.,  D.D.,  was  born  Feb. 

18,  1820,  in  Gloucester  Co..  X.  J.  His  parents  lie- 
longed  to  the  Methodist  Church,  and,  upon  making 
a  public  profession  of  religion  in  the  fifteenth  year 
of  his  age,  he  identified  himself  with  it. 

He  had  early  impressions  that  it  was  his  duty  to 
preach,  and  in  the  nineteenth  year  of  his  age  he 
entered  the  Methodist  ministry,  and  traveled  one 
year  in  connection  with  the  New  Jersey  Confer 
ence.  He  afterwards  was  transferred  to  the  Ken 
tucky  Conference,  and  served  two  years  in  that 
connection.  During  his  residence  in  Kentucky  he 
was  called  upon  to  defend  infant  baptism  and  other 
doctrines  of  the  Methodists;  but  the  result  of  his 
investigations,  instead  of  furnishing  him  arguments 
in  favor  of  the  tenets  of  his  own  church,  caused 
him  to  see  the  error  of  his  position  and  to  adopt  the 
sentiments  of  the  Baptist  denomination. 

He  immediately  severed  his  connection  with  the 
Kentucky  Conference,  returned  to  Philadelphia, 
and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Dr.  J.  Lansing  Burrows 
in  1842.  Up  to  the  time  of  his  uniting  with  the 
Baptists  he  had  never  heard  a  sermon  upon  the 
subject  of  Scriptural  baptism  and  the  ordinances 
of  the  church,  but  at  his  baptism  he  preached 
upon  this  subject,  setting  forth  the  arguments  that 
had  led  him  to  change  his  views. 

lie  entered  at  once  upon  the  wyork  of  an  evan 
gelist,  and  traveled  extensively  in  Pennsylvania 
and  Maryland.  In  1840  lie  was  called  to  the  pas 
torate  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Norfolk,  Ya. 
In  1852  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  Memphis,  Tenn.,  where  he  was  instru 
mental  in  building  up  a  large  and  influential  com 
munity.  Owing  to  rheumatism,  from  which  he  has 
been  a  great  sufferer,  he  left  Memphis  for  Califor 
nia  in  1859,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Stockton,  and  afterwards  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  San  Francisco.  He  remained  in 
California  eleven  years,  and  then  returned  to  Phil 
adelphia,  and  became  pastor  of  the  North  church. 
He  served  it  two  years,  during  which  time  he 
baptized  more  than  one  hundred  persons.  In  1873 
he  accepted  a  call  to  the  church  at  Jackson,  Tenn., 
where  he  is  now  laboring  with  success. 

Dr.  llendrickson  is  distinguished  for  his  piety 
and  the  possession  of  those  Christian  graces  that 


HENRICIANS 


518 


HENRICKS 


so  beautifully  adorn  liis  life.  While  he  is  a  sound 
Baptist,  liis  gentleness  and  Christian  charity  secure 
for  him  the  esteem  and  high  regard  of  other  de 
nominations.  His  studies  and  varied  reading  have 
made  Dr.  Hendrickson  a  highly-cultured  minister. 

As  a  writer,  liis  style  is  easy  and  natural,  and 
liis  thoughts  are  forcibly  and  logically  expressed. 
Few  men  are  more  completely  at  home  in  the  pul 
pit.  As  a  preacher,  lie  is  distinguished  for  his 
attractive  delivery,  his  elegant  English,  his  dear 
arguments,  his  honest  sincerity,  and  his  thorough 
comprehension  of  the  subject. 

The  Southwestern  Baptist  University,  located  ut 
•  lackson.  Tenn.,  owes  much  to  Dr.  Hendrickson. 
He  has  been  chairman  of  the  executive  board  of 
trustees  from  the  date  of  its  organization  to  the 
present. 

Henricians,  The.  —  Henry,  a  monk  ill  the  first 
halfof  the  twelfth  century,  became  a  great  preacher. 
He  was  endowed  with  extraordinary  powers  of  per 
suasion,  and  with  a  glowing  earnestness  that  swept 
away  the  greatest  obstacles  that  mere  human  power 
could  banish,  and  he  had  the  grace  of  God  in  his 
heart.  He  denounced  prayers  for  the  dead,  the  in 
vocation  of  saints,  the  vices  of  the  clergy,  the  super 
stitions  of  the  church,  and  the  licentiousness  of  the 
age,  and  he  set  an  example  of  the  sternest  moral 
ity.  He  was  a  master-spirit  in  talents,  and  a 
heaven-aided  hero,  a  John  Knox,  born  in  another 
clime,  but  nourished  upon  the  same  all-powerful 
grace. 

\\  hen  lie  visited  the  city  of  Mans  the  inferior 
clergy  became  his  followers,  and  the  people  gave 
him  and  his  doctrine  their  hearts,  and  they  refused 
to  attend  the  consecrated  mummeries  of  the  popish 
churches,  and  mocked  the  higher  clergy  who  clung 
to  them.  In  fact,  their  lives  were  endangered  by 
the  triumph  of  Henry's  doctrines.  The  rich  and 
the  poor  gave  him  their  confidence  and  their  money, 
and  when  llildebert,  their  bishop,  returned,  after 
an  absence  covering  the  entire  period  of  Henry's 
visit,  he  was  received  with  contempt  and  liis  bless 
ing  with  ridicule.  Henry's  great  arsenal  was  the 
Bible,  and  all  opposition  melted  away  before  it. 

He  retired  from  Mans  and  went  to  Provence,  and 
the  same  remarkable  results  attended  his  ministry  ; 
persons  of  all  ranks  received  his  blessed  doctrines 
and  forsook  the  foolish  superstitions  of  Home  and 
the  churches  in  which  they  occupied  the  most  im 
portant  positions.  At  and  around  Thoulouse  his 
labors  seem  to  have  created  the  greatest  indigna 
tion  and  alarm  among  the  few  faithful  friends  of 
Romanism,  and  Catholics  in  the  most  distant  parts 
of  France  heard  of  his  overwhelming  influence  and 
his  triumphant  heresy  with  great  fear.  In  every 
•direction  for  many  miles  around  he  preached  Christ, 
and  at  last  Pope  Eugene  III.  sent  a  cardinal  to 
•overthrow  the  heretic  and  his  errors.  lie  wisely 


took  with  him,  in  1  147,  the  celebrated  St.  Bernard. 
This  abbot  had  the  earnestness  and  the  temper  of 
Ilidiard  Baxter,  whom  lie  resembled  in  some  re 
spects.  He  was  a  more  eloquent  man,  and  he  Avas 
probably  the  most  noted  and  popular  ecclesiastic  in 
Europe,  lie  speaks  significantly  of  the  state  of 
things  which  he  found  in  Henry's  field:  "The 
churches  (Catholic)  are  without  people,  the  people- 
without  priests,  the  priests  without  due  reverence, 
and.  in  short.  Christians  are  without  Christ:  the 
churches  were  regarded  as  synagogues,  the  sanc 
tuary  of  Cod  was  not  held  to  be  sacred,  and  the 
sacraments  were  not  reckoned  to  be  holy,  festive 
days  lost  their  solemnity,  men  died  in  their  sins, 
souls  were  snatched  away  everywhere  to  the  dread 
tribunal,  alas!  neither  reconciled  by  repentance 
nor  fortified  by  the  holy  communion.  The  life  of 
Christ  was  closed  to  the  little  children  of  Chris 
tians,  whilst  the  grace  of  baptism  was  refused,  nor 
were  they  permitted  to  approach  salvation,  al 
though  the  Saviour  lovingly  proclaims  before  them, 
and  says,  'Suffer  the  little  children  to  come  to 
me.'  " 

Elsewhere.  St.  Bernard,  speaking  of  Henry  and 
other  heretics,  says,  "  They  mock  us  because  we 
baptize  infants,  because  we  pray  for  the  dead,  be 
cause  we  seek  the  aid  of  (glorified)  saints. "f  That 
Henry  had  a  great  multitude  of  adherents  is  beyond 
a  doubt,  and  that  he  was  a  Bible  Christian  is  abso 
lutely  certain,  and  that  he  and  his  followers  rejected 
infant  baptism  is  the  testimony  of  St.  Bernard  and 
of  all  other  writers  who  have  taken  notice  of  the 
flenricians  and  their  founders.  We  incline  to  the 
opinion  of  Xeander  that  Henry  was  not  a  Petro- 
brusian.  We  are  satisfied  that  he  and  his  disciples 
were  independent  witnesses  for  Jesus  raised  up  by 
the  Spirit  and  Word  of  Cod.  The  llenricians  were 
Baptists,  and  their  founder  perished  in  prison. 

Henricks,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  1800. 
His  father  was  an  Austrian,  who  emigrated  to 
America  to  escape  Romish  persecution  because  of 
his  conversion  to  Protestantism,  and  settled  first 
in  Xorth  Carolina  and  then  in  Greene  Co.,  Ca..  in 
1808.  Wm.  Henrickswas  converted  in  1820,  under 
the  preaching  of  Lovick  Pierce,  and  was  baptized 
in  1828  by  Dr.  A.  Sherwood,  after  a  thorough  in 
vestigation  of  the  subject  of  baptism.  He  was  or 
dained  in  1832.  He  became  an  able  and  zealous 
minister  of  the  gospel,  with  few  superiors  as  a  re 
vivalist.  For  eighteen  years  he  preached  among 
the  churches  of  Greene,  Morgan,  Clarke,  Monroe, 
and  Walton  Counties,  with  great  power  and  useful 
ness.  For  fifteen  years  he  was  moderator  of  the 

*  I'arvulis  Christiunorum  Christi  intercluditur  vita,  dum  bap- 
tisnii  1 1  egatur  gratia;  nee  saluti  propenquare  sinuntiir;  Salvatore 
licet  pie  clamante  pro  eis ;  Sinite,  inquit,  parcnlos  venire  ad  me. 
(Sancti  Bernard!  Genuina  Opera,  i.  Kp.  241,  p.  237.  Parisiis,  1690.) 

t  Irridciit  nos,  quod  baptizamus  infantes.     Idem,  i.  p.  1497. 


HKXltr 


519 


HKRND OX 


Appalachee  Association  ;  indeed,  remaining  so  until 
his  removal  to  Floyd  County  in  1S.~>0.  He  assisted 
in  the  organization  of  the  Oostanaula  Association 
in  1S52,  and  was  elected  moderator,  lie  died  at 
Rome,  Ga.,  -June  18,  185(5.  He  was  a  man  of  mark 
and  of  great  usefulness  in  his  day,  and  stood  side 
by  side  with  the  first  Baptist  ministers  of  his  time 
in  promoting  the  interests  of  the  denomination  in 
Georgia. 

Henry,  Rev.  Foster,  was  born  in  IVrkinsville. 
Windsor  Co.,  Vt.,  in  1817.  He  took  the  full 
courses  of  study  at  Brown  University  and  at  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution,  graduating  at  the 
former  in  the  class  of  1845,  and  at  the  latter  in 
the  class  of  IS48.  lie  was  ordained  to  the  min 
istry  in  November.  1852,  and  was  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Tyringham,  Mass.,  live  years,  when 
he  removed  to  Pawtuxet.  11.  I.,  remaining  there 
four  years,  then  at  Danveraport,  Mass.,  for  three 
years,  then  at  Newport,  N.  II.,  lor  six  years. 
From  Newport  he  went  to  Xorth  Bennington,  Vt., 
.and  is  at  this  time  pastor  of  the  church  in  that  place. 

Henson,  Poindexter  S.,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Fluvanna  Co.,  Va..  Dec.  7,  IS/51;  entered  Rich 
mond  College  in  1844,  and  graduated  with  the  first 


I'OIXDKXTER 


IIENSOX,    D.D. 


«lass,  in  1848,  being  then  sixteen  years  of  age. 
After  teaching  for  one  year  in  his  native  county, 
he  entered  the  University  of  Virginia,  and  spent 
two  years  in  that  institution,  graduating  in  various 
"  schools."  In  the  fall  of  1851  he  became  principal 
of  the  Milton  Classical  Institute  in  North  Carolina, 
and  retained  the  position  two  years,  in  the  mean 


while  studying  law  with  the  Hon.  M.  McGce.  and 
editing  the  North  Carolina  Democrat, — a  weekly 
paper  published  in  the  town  of  Milton.  When 
about  entering  upon  the  practice  of  law  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Natural  Science  in  the  Chowan 
Female  College  at  Murfreesborough,  N.  C.  This 
position  he  retained  for  two  years,  at  the  expiration 
of  which  he  married  Miss  A.  C.  Ruse,  of  Hicks- 
ford,  Va.,  and  returned  to  Fluvanna  County. 

Was  converted  in  1840,  while  a  student  at  Rich 
mond  College,  and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  -J.  B. 
Jeter,  D.D.,  into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  church 
at  Richmond.  At  the  close  of  the  year  1855  ho 
abandoned  the  law  and  devoted  himself  to  the  min 
istry  of  the  gospel ;  was  ordained  in  February, 
1850,  and  settled  as  pastor  of  the  Fluvanna  church. 
In  connection  with  his  pastorate  he  established  the 
Fluvanna  Female  Institute,  and  remained  there 
preaching  and  teaching  until  the  summer  of  1800, 
when  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Broad  Street  church, 
Philadelphia,  and  entered  upon  his  labors  Dec.  27, 
1860.  With  this  church  he  remained  until  Sep 
tember,  1807,  when  under  pressure  of  demand  for 
a  new  interest  in  a  rapidly-growing  section  of  the 
city,  he,  with  others,  went  out  to  organize;  the 
Memorial  church,  where  he  still  continues  a  faithful 
and  efficient  ministry.  He  received  the  degree  of 
D.D.  in  1807  from  the  university  at  Lewisburg.  In 
1S7S  he  declined  an  urgent  call  to  the  presidency 
of  that  institution. 

Dr.  Henson  possesses  a  keenly  logical  mind,  and 
is  thoroughly  skilled  in  his  methods  of  attacking 
error  and  defending  the  truth.  As  a  preacher,  he 
stands  in  the  front  rank  of  loyal  and  brilliant  pul 
pit  orators,  and  his  sermons  abound  in  the  rich 
results  of  Bible  study  and  devout  piety.  As  a 
lecturer  his  services  are  in  frequent  requisition,  and 
large  audiences  arc  ever  ready  to  show  their  appre 
ciation  of  his  native  wit  and  cultured  scholarship. 
He  is  prominently  and  actively  engaged  in  the 
management  of  local  and  general  denominational 
societies,  and  as  editor  of  the  Jhijtfist  Teacher  he 
continues  to  exert  helpful  and  healthful  influence 
upon  .Sunday-school  work  and  workers.  He  has 
the  largest  Protestant  congregation  in  Philadelphia. 

Herndon,  Rev.  Thaddeus,  was  born  in  Fau- 
quier  Co.,  Va.,  May  9,  1807.  He  was  the  eldest  of 
four  lirothers,  all  of  whom  were  ministers  of  the 
gospel,  and  all  of  whom  preceded  him  to  their  final 
reward.  He  was  baptized  by  Dr.  W.  F.  Broaddus 
in  1828,  and  united  with  the  Long  Branch  church, 
being  licensed  to  preach  by  it  in  1833.  For  some 
years  he  was  employed  by  the  Salem  Union  Asso 
ciation  as  missionary,  traveling  over  large  districts 
of  country  in  London,  Fauquier,  Prince  William, 
and  Fairfax  Counties.  In  1837  he  was  called  to 
the  pastorate  of  Antioch  church,  Prince  William 
Co.,  and  about  the  same  time  to  North  Fork  church, 


HERNDON 


520 


London  Co.,  both  of  which  lie  faithfully  served  for 
about  forty  years.  He  was  the  pastor  also  of  two 
other  churches.  Although  Mr.  Ilerndon  had  the 
care  of  a  farm  and  a  large  family,  he  very  rarely 
failed  in  regularly  meeting  his  church  appoint 
ments,  riding  on  horseback  through  the  storms  of 
winter  and  the  heats  of  summer.  He  was  an  earn 
est  gospel  preacher  and  a  welcome  guest  at  many 
a  fireside.  He  died  -June  2,  1S7S. 

Herndon,  Rev.  Traverse  D.,  the  brother  of 

the    Itevs.    Thaddeus    and    Richard    Herndon.    was 
burn    March    II,   1SK).      His    father   was    the    Rev. 
•John  C.  Ilerndon,  a  resident  of  Fauquicr  County. 
About    the    age    of  eighteen,  being    hopefully  con 
verted,   he  was    baptized   by  Dr.  W.    F.  Broaddus, 
and  united  with  the  Long   Branch  church.      Being 
a  voung  man  of  ardent  piety,  and  longing  to  honor 
his  Master  by  a  life  wholly  consecrated  to  his  ser 
vice,  he  was  persuaded  to  prepare  himself  for  the 
work  of  the  ministry.      Having  been   for  a  short 
time  engaged  in  mercantile  business  in  Alexandria, 
A'a.,  he  relinquished  his  position  in  that  place  and 
entered  the  Columbian  College,  where  he  remained 
during  live  years,  graduating  in  1838,  the  year  of 
his  ordination.     His  first  pastoral  charge  was  the 
Falinouth  church,  which  he  held  in  connection  with 
an   engagement   as    missionary   under   the    Salem 
Union  Association.    Owing  to  his  precarious  health, 
however,  he  was   soon   obliged  to  relinquish  both 
these   positions,  and   for   nearly  two  years   he  was 
unable  to  preach.     When  he  had  recovered  a  good 
measure  of  health  he  took  charge  of  four  churches. 
Liberty,  Mount  Holly.  Fiery  Run,  and  Front  Royal. 
These  churches  being  too  remote  from  his  residence, 
he  took  charge  of  the  Middleburg,  Long  Branch, 
and  Ketocton  churches,  with  which  he  labored  up 
to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  Sept.  10, 
lSf)4.     Mr.  TIerndon  stood  high  among  his  brethren 
as  a  preacher.     His  sermons  were  plain,  practical, 
and  saturated  with  earnest  descriptions  of  the  love 
of  Christ   for   sinners.      Human   guilt   and   divine 
redemption  were  the  great  themes  upon  which  he 
loved  to  dwell,  and  his  teachings  were   blessed   to 
the   conversion  of  many  souls  and  the  encourage 
ment  of  God's  people.     More  than  three  hundred 
were  baptized  by  him  during  his   ministry,  while 
thousands  of  others  who  listened  to  him  during  his 
journeyings    from   home  at    protracted  meetings 
were  greatly  quickened  in  their  spiritual  energies. 
As  a  Christian  man  in  all  the  various  relations  of 
life  he  was  a  model.     "  His  natural  qualities,  con 
trolled  as   they  were   by  a  constant  sense   of  the 
obligations  on  him  as  a  Christian,  made  him,  in  the 
estimation  of  all  who  knew   him   well   enough  to 
appreciate  his  personal  worth,  most  emphatically  a 
Christian  gentleman.''     Dr.  Wm.  F.  Broaddus,  who 
knew  Mr.  Ilerndon  well,  says,  "But  this  I  can  say 
in  all  honesty,  that  after  an  acquaintance  with  him 


of  nearly  thirty  years,  and  fur  many  years  an  inti 
mate  acquaintance,  such  was  his  entire  deportment 
both  as  a  man  and  a  Christian,  that  if  he  had 
faults,  my  admiration  of  the  characteristics  uni 
formly  exhibited  in  his  life  and  conversation  so 
occupied  me,  that  those  faults  entirely  escaped  my 
observation." 

Herr,  Joseph  Daniel,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Sharps- 
burg,  Pa.,  Feb.  U:J>,  1837.  At  the  age  of  seventeen 
be  was  converted  and  immersed  as  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  Protestant  Church.  In  |s5X,  having 
completed  a  collegiate  course  at  Madison  College, 
Pa.,  he  was  ordained  to  the  ministry.  His  reputa 
tion  for  ability  in  the  pulpit  led  to  his  serving 
prominent  churches  in  Pittsburgh  and  Cincinnati. 
He  was  also  made  secretary  of  the  board  of  trus 
tees  of  Adrian  College,  and  of  the  Missionary  Society 
of  the  Methodist  Protestant  Church.  In  August, 
.1870,  in  accordance  with  his  early  convictions,  and 
impressed  with  the  great  truth  that  faith  should 
precede  baptism,  he  resigned  the  charge  of  the 
Second  Methodist  Protestant  church  of  Pittsburgh, 
and  immediately  thereafter  accepted  the  pastorate 
of  the  I'liion  Baptist  church  of  the  same  city.  A 
few  months  later  he  assisted  in  the  formation  of  the 
Perm  Avenue  Baptist  church,  and  became  its  first 
pastor.  Nov.  1,  187"),  he  resigned  to  take  charge 
of  the  Central  Baptist  church  of  Xcw  York.  Dr. 
Herr  as  a  preacher  is  eloquent,  and  is  noted  for  his 
fervor  and  earnestness.  His  pastorates  have  been 
marked  by  progress  and  spiritual  prosperity.  In 
1876  he  was  nuide  D.D.  by  Otterbein  University, 
Ohio. 

Hewes,  Rev.  and  Prof.,  was  born  in  Lynnfield, 
Mass.,  in  1818;  converted  and  baptized  at  the  age 
of  fourteen  ;  graduated  at  Brown  University  and 
the  Newton  Theological  Seminary.  In  1844  he 
was  ordained  as  pastor  at  Lonsdale,  R.  I.  In  1849 
he  began  an  eight  years'  pastorate  at  Lansing- 
burgh,  N.  Y.  In  1857-58  he  was  professor  in  the 
Troy  University.  From  Troy  he  was  called  to 
the  presidency  of  the  Indianapolis  Institute,  hold 
ing  his  position  there  seven  years.  Removing  to 
California,  he  was  two  years  a  professor  in  the  Fe 
male  College  of  the  Pacific,  two  years  pastor  and 
lecturer  on  Natural  Sciences  in  the  Mills  Semi 
nary,  five  years  pastor  at  St.  Helena,  and  two  years 
pastor  of  the  Fifth  church,  San  Francisco.  Though 
much  of  his  life  has  been  spent  in  educating  the 
younir,  he  has  baptized  over  three  hundred  con 
verts.  Since  his  arrival  in  California  he  has  spent 
three  years  in  extensive  travels  in  Europe,  Egypt, 
and  the  Holy  Land. 

Hewitt,  C.  E.,  D.D.,  was  born  Oct.  16,  1836,  in 
Galway,  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  being  a  son  of  Deacon 
Edmund  Hewitt,  well  known  for  more  than  half  a 
century  as  a  prominent  member  and  officer  of  the 
Galway  Baptist  church,  of  which  the  son  became  a 


HICK  MAN 


member  at  .sixteen  years  of  age.     He  graduated  at 
the   University  of  Rochester  in   1800,  and   at  the 
seminary  in    ISO,'}.     His   pastorates   have   been   at 
Ypsilanti,  Mich.,  1S03-C8;  Bloomington,  111.,  1808- 
70  :  Centennial  church,  Chicago,  1X77-70;  and  now 
(1880)  he  has  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
Peoria,  111.      During  his  service  at  Ypsilanti   the 
membership  of  the  church  increased   from  200  to 
300,  and  at  Blooraington  from  300  to  500.    His  work 
in  Chicago  was  in   a  time  of  great  financial  and 
spiritual  depression,  and  though  equally  faithful, 
showed  less  of  immediate  result,     Dr.  Hewitt  has 
always  been  active  arid  interested  in   the  general 
work  of  the  denomination.    In  Michigan  he  was  an 
influential  member  of  the  Board  of  State  Missions, 
and  one  of  the  trustees  of  Kalamazoo  College.     In 
Illinois  he  has  held  like  positions,  especially  as  con 
nected  with  the  State  missions  and  with  the  theo 
logical  seminary;  an  ardent  Sunday-school  man; 
also  for  several  years  president  and  secretary  of 
the  State  Sunday-School  Association. 

Hick,  Col.  J.  M.,  was  born  in  1831,  in  West 
Virginia ;  was  bred  to  the  law  ;  a  member  of  the 
secession  convention  of  Virginia  in  1801  ;  com 
manded  a  regiment  at  Cheat  Mountain,  and  was 
captured  there;  was  baptized  in  Raleigh,  X.  C.,  by 
Dr.  T.  II.  Pritchard,  in  March,  1804  ;  was  president 
of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  in  1875;  was  for 
several  years  chairman  of  the  Sunday-School  Board  ; 
is  a  trustee  and  a  liberal  benefactor  of  Wake  Forest 
College,  he  and  J.  G.  Williams,  of  Raleigh,  having 
presented  a  building,  known  as  the  Library  Build 
ing,  to  the  college,  which  cost  SI 0,000. 

Hickman,  David  H.,  was  born  in  Bourbon  Co. 
Ky.,  Nov.  11,  1821.  He  died  June  25,  1809.  His' 
father  was  a  pioneer,  having  moved  to  Missouri 
in  1822.  David  was  educated  at  Bonne  Femme 
Academy.  lie  was  of  studious  habits,  and  for  a 
time  he  was  a  teacher.  He  was  delicate,  but  very 
energetic  arid  successful.  He  was  converted  at 
seventeen,  and  united  with  the  Bonne  Femme 
church,  and  died  in  its  membership.  Mr.  Hick- 
man  had  no  taste  for  public  life,  yet  he  served  in 
the  State  Legislature  of  Missouri,  and  was  moder 
ator  of  the  General  Association  when  young.  He 
framed  the  law  for  the  common-school  system  of  the 
State,  which  was  adopted  by  the  Legislature.  He 
loved  his  home,  and  he  was  devoted  to  the  church, 
in  which  he  was  a  wise  counselor  and  useful  mem 
ber.  He  was  eminently  successful  in  business,  and 
gave  $10,000  to  Stephen  College,  of  Columbia.  He 
remembered  in  his  will  the  poor  of  Bonne  Femme 
and  Columbia  churches.  Over  the  departing  couch 
of  David  Hickman  a  voice  from  heaven  said, 
"Blessed  are  the  dead  who  die  in  the  Lord." 

Hickman,  Col.  H.  H.,  for  many  years  a  deacon 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  was 
born  in  Elbert  Co.,  Ga.,  in  1818.     He  removed  to 
34 


Augusta  when  nineteen  years  of  age.  lie  was 
baptized  in  1841,  after  a  profession  of  faith,  by 
Dr.  William  T.  Brantly,  Jr.,  then  pastor  of  the 
church.  Developing  business  talent  early,  he  was 
admitted  to  membership  in  the  firm,  which  was  for 
many  years  known  as  that  of  Cress  &  Hickman. 
On  the  retirement  of  his  partner,  Mr.  Hickman  con 
tinued  the  business  with  uniform  success  until  the 
close  of  the  war  between  the  States,  although,  like 
a  host  of  others,  he  was  injured  financially  to  a 
serious  extent.  But  after  the  return  of  peace  his 
sagacity,  his  integrity,  and  his  energy  soon  restored 
all  that  was  lost.  He  became  president  of  the 
Graniteville  Manufacturing  Company  and  of  the 
Bank  of  Augusta,  and  was  eminently  successful  in 
both  of  these  positions. 

Mr.  Hickman  was  elected  deacon  of  the  Augusta 
(Greene  Street)  church  more  than  twenty  years 
ago,  in  which  capacity  he  has  served  with  great 
fidelity,  always  manifesting  a  deep  interest  in  the 
welfare  of  the  church,  aiding  it  by  his  prayers,  his 
counsels,  arid  his  substance.  In  the  city  with  which 
he  has  been  identified  for  more  than  forty  years  he 
has  the  highest  standing  as  a  business  man  of  in 
telligent  views  and  trustworthy  character. 

Hickman,  Rev.  William,  one  of  the  most  famous 
of  the  pioneer  Baptist  ministers  in  Kentucky,  was 
born  in  King  and  Queen  Co.,  Va.,  Feb.  4,  1747.    He 
was  by  early  training  an  Episcopalian,  and  enter 
tained   great   contempt  for  the  Baptists.     During 
a  sermon  by  the  renowned  John  Waller,  in  1770,  he 
was  deeply  impressed.     After  struggling  with  his 
sins  and  his  prejudices  about  three  years,  he  ob 
tained  peace  in  Christ  and  was  baptized  by  Reuben 
Ford,  in   April,    1773.     At  this    time  he  lived   in 
Cumberland  County.     There  being  few  preachers 
!  in  that  region,  he,  with  others,  established  prayer- 
meetings.     In  February,  1770,  he  started  to  Ken 
tucky,  and  arriving  at  Ilarrodsburg,  he  remained 
several   weeks,  and  during  the  time,   though   not 
licensed,  he  attempted  on  one  occasion  to  preach. 
Upon  his  return  home  to  Virginia  he  was  soon  set 
apart  for  the  ministry,  and  spent  several  years  as 
a  preacher  in  his  native  State.     In  1784  he  removed 
to  Fayette  Co.,  Ky.,  where  he  preached  with  great 
zeal  and  activity  in  the  surrounding  settlements. 
In   17X8  lie  changed  his  residence  to  what  is  now 
Franklin    County.     Here,    in   the   same   year,    he 
formed    the    Forks    of  Flkhorri   church,   and  was 
chosen    the    pastor.       From    this    place    he    made 
preaching  tours  among  the  settlers,  often  attended 
by  a  guard  of  soldiers  to  protect  him   from  the  In 
dians.     The  new  churches  he  formed  were  watched 
overand  nurtured  until  they  grew  strongand  the  sav 
ages  were  driven  from  the  country.    He  was  greatly 
blessed    in    his    ministry.      A    contemporary    sup 
poses  that  in  his  day  he  "  baptized  more  people  than 
any  other  minister  in  Kentucky."     He  probably 


HICKSON 


HILL 


ibnnt'd  more  churches  than  even  the  famous  Lewis 
Craig.  He  il  baptized  over  f>0(>  during  one  winter." 
He  died  suddenly  in  ISIIO.  His  son  William  was 
long  pastor  of  South  Benson  church,  and  Hickman 
Co.,  Ky.,  was  named  after  his  son,  Col.  Paschal 
Hickman.  who  fell  in  the  battle  of  the  river  Kaisin. 

Hickson,  Rev.  Edward,  A.M.,  was  born  Oct. 
lo.  1S24,  at  New  Bandon,  County  Gloucester,  New 
Brunswick,  and  was  converted  when  quite  young, 
ile  was  baptized  at  Wolfville,  Nova  Scotia,  in  18")"). 
He  -Tad ua ted  from  Acadia  College  in  June,  1S60. 
Ile  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  North  Esk  church. 
New  Brunswick.  July  27,  1862,  where  he  labored 
successfully  for  ten  years.  He  was  pastor  at  St. 
George,  New  Brunswick,  and  is  now  in  charge  of 
a  church  at  Carleton,  St.  John. 

Hiden,  J.  C.,  D.D.,  is  a  young  man  of  uncommon 
native  powers.    To  enjoy  his  conversation  is  a  treat, 
and  to  hear  him  lecture,  a  feast.     Born  at  Orange 
Court-House,  Va.,   Nov.   5,   1837,   he   spent   three 
years  in  the  Virginia  Military  Institute  as  a  cadet. 
"graduating  in  July,  1S57.    Elected  as  Professor  of 
Ancient  Languages  in  the  Chesapeake  Female  Col 
lege  of  Virginia  when  nineteen,  he  occupied  that 
chair  one  year,  and  then  entered  the  University  of 
Virginia,  where   he  spent   two  years,   pursuing  a 
wider  range  of  study.     lie  was  ordained  at  Orange 
Court-House,  Va.,  in   1859.  and   served  the   Hills- 
borough  Baptist  church,  Albermarle  Co.,  as  pastor 
during    the    last    year    he    spent   at    the    univer 
sity.     During  1860  and   1861  he  taught  a  private 
school  at  Orange  Court-House,  then  entered  the  Con 
federate  army  as  chaplain,  and  served  throughout 
the  war.     Afterwards  he  taught  school  at  Orange 
Court-House,   and   at   Staunton ;    in   1866   he   was 
elected  pastor  of  the  Fourth  Street  Baptist  church, 
Portsmouth,  serving  two  years,  when  he  was  called 
to  the  care  of  the  Wilmington,  N.  C.,  First  Baptist 
church,  which  he  served  for  more  than  six  years. 
In  March,  1875,  he  was  called  by  the  Greenville 
church,  of  South  Carolina,  which  call  he  accepted. 
He  is  well  read,  a  superior  preacher,  and  a  fine 
scholar.     He  possesses  great  physical  strength  and 
powers  of  endurance,  and  yet  those  who  know  him 
best  would  rather  meet  him  in  the  field  than  on  the 
platform  or  forum.     His  mother  is  a  niece  of  Jas. 
Barbour,  who  was  governor  of  Virginia,  U.  S.  Sen 
ator,  Secretary  of  War,  and  minister  to  England, 
and  she  is  a  sister  of  Philip  P.  Barbour,  who  was 
a  member  of  Congress  and  justice   of   the   U.   S. 
Supreme  Court.     She   is   still   living.     Dr.   Iliden 
has  a  fine  fund  of  anecdotes,  and  tells  them  remark 
ably  well.    As  a  speaker,  he  is  clear,  vigorous,  origi 
nal,   unique.      He  is  a  true  and   noble  man,  ant. 
those  who  know   him  best  love  him  most.     Stil 
young,  of  good  constitution,  an  ardent  student  ant 
full  of  energy,  he  may  naturally  expect  to  attaii 
a  hidi  decree  of  distinction. 


Higgins,  Rev.  George,  was  born  at  Marcus 
Hook,  Pa.,  Dec.  16,  1798  ;  baptized  in  Spruce  Street 
church,  Philadelphia,  in  1S17  ;  ordained  in  Read 
ing,  February,  1829.     He  was  among  the  first  mis 
sionaries  in  the  service  of  the  State  Convention, 
now  called  the  General  Association,  and  had  for 
his    field    the    Schuylkill    Valley,    but   soon    after 
labored  chiefly  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna.     The  writer  bears  pleasant  witness  to  his 
untiring  zeal  and  fidelity  during  the  ten  years  of 
service  in  this  region.     In  this  space  of  time  he 
baptized  nearly  500  converts,  mostly  gathered  from 
egions  where   Baptist  sentiments  were   unknown 
,nd  opposition  was  strong.     Several  churches,  now 
njoying  comparative   strength,  were   planted  by 
lis  labors,  while  other  existing  churches  were  much 
nlarged.     In    1859  he  returned    to   Philadelphia, 
md    aided    materially    in    founding    the    Calvary 
church  in  1841.    Here  also  his  memory  is  fragrant, 
n  1850  he  settled  as   pastor  of   the  Montgomery 
ihurch,  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  and  closed  a  useful 
ind   honored  life   March  9,   1869,  in  his  seventy- 
sixth  year.    During  his  ministry  he  baptized  nearly 
1500  persons. 

No  discouragements  dampened  his  ardor  ;  he  met 
all  opposition  with  calmness.  His  blameless  life 
disarmed  adverse  criticism  of  much  of  its  force,  and, 
though  necessarily  involved  in  frequent  discussions 
during  his  missionary  career,  he  never  lost  control 
of  his  temper.  In  argument  he  was  clear  and 
scholarly  ;  in  preaching,  plain  and  simple.  Even 
opponents  were  compelled  to  respect  him,  while 
friends  loved  him  with  great  warmth. 

Higgins,  Rev.  John  S.,  was  born  in  New 
Jersey,  Dec.  29,  1789.  His  early  life  was  spent  in 
Ohio,  and  in  Wood  ford  Co.,  Ky.  In  1813  he  was 
converted  and  joined  a  Baptist  church.  In  IMo 
he  removed  to  Lincoln  Co.,  Ky.,  where  he  was  or 
dained  to  the  ministry,  and  became  the  stated 
preacher  of  McCormack's,  Hanging  Fork,  and 
Forks  of  Dix  River  churches.  He  assisted  in  form 
ing  the  Baptist  church  in  Danville,  Ky.,  and  was 
for  a  time  its  pastor.  He  was  active  in  the  benevo 
lent  enterprises  of  his  denomination,  and  eminently 
successful  as  a  minister.  He  died  in  187'2. 

Hill,  Benjamin  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Newport. 
R.  I.,  April  5,  1793  ;  studied  in  Newport  Academy 
and  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  ;  took  two 
courses  of  medical  lectures  ;  converted  and  baptized 
in  Thompson,  Conn.,  in  1812  ;  licensed  Feb.  5,  1815  : 
preached  two  years  in  Leicester,  Mass.;  in  1818 
was  ordained  pastor  of  Baptist  church  in  Stafford, 
Conn.;  was  engaged  for  Connecticut  Baptist  Mis 
sionary  Society;  in  1821  settled  with  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  New  Haven  and  was  prospered  -, 
in  1830  took  charge  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in 
Troy,  N.  Y. ;  in  1840  was  chosen  secretary  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  and 


HILL 


HILL 


served  with  remarkable  success  till  1862 ;  in  18G5 
removed  to  Ne\v  Haven,  Conn.,  from  which  he  was 
recently  translated  to  the  skies ;  received  the  de 
gree  of  D.I),  from  Madison  University  in  1852; 
wise  in  judgment  and  in  speech;  a  true  man  in 
the  faith. 

Hill,  President  David  J.,  son  of  the  Rev.  Dan 
iel  T.  Hill,  was  born  at  Plainfield,  ]V.  J.,  June  10, 


PRESIDENT    DAVID    J.  HILL. 

185(3.  Received  his  early  education  in  the  public 
schools  of  Glen's  Falls,  N.  Y.,  and  Plainfield,  N.  J., 
and  at  the  academy  at  Beckcrtown,  N.  J.  Pre 
pared  for  college  at  Sufiield,  Conn.,  and  Coopers- 
town,  N.  Y.  While  at  Coopcrstown,  in  1867-68, 
began  writing  for  the  press,  the  contributions  con 
sisting  of  short  sketches  and  poems  and  a  biog 
raphy  of  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  in  six  numbers  of  five 
columns  each.  In  April,  1870,  wa.s  baptized  by 
his  father  at  Pauling,  N.  Y.,  and  united  with  the 
church.  In  August  of  the  same  year  entered  the 
university  at  Lewisburg  as  a  Freshman.  Took  the 
first  "Lung  Prize  for  Oratory''  in  1873,  and  on 
graduating,  in  1874,  delivered  the  valedictory  ad 
dresses,  the  first  honor  of  the  class.  Was  at  once 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church  of 
Madison,  Wis.,  but  declined,  accepting  a  call  as 
tutor  in  Ancient  Languages  in  the  university  at 
Lewisburg.  At  the  close  of  the  collegiate  year 
!8,4-7;>,  Mr.  Hill  was  appointed  instructor  in 
Rhetoric  in  the  university,  and  in  .1877,  Crozer 
Professor  of  Rhetoric.  At  the  same  time  he 
published,  through  Sheldon  &  Co.,  of  New  York, 
"The  Science  of  Rhetoric,"  an  advanced  text-book 


for  colleges,  which  was  at  once  adopted  in  the  Uni 
versity  of  Michigan,  Vassar  College,  and  other  first- 
class  institutions.  At  the  request  of  Sheldon  & 
Co.,  Prof.  Hill  prepared  "  The  Elements  of  Rhet 
oric,"  for  schools  of  lower  grade,  which  is  now  used 
in  every  State  of  the  Union.  In  1879.  Prof.  Hill 
began  a  series  of  brief  biographies  of  American 
authors,  similar  to  Morley's  "English  Men  of  Let 
ters."  Two  volumes,  on  Irving  and  Bryant,  re 
spectively,  were  issued  by  Sheldon  &  Co.,  and  were 
widely  accepted  and  highly  praised.  The  prepara 
tion  of  this  series  was  interrupted  by  his  election 
to  the  presidency  of  the  university  at  Lewisburif, 
in  March,  1879,  to  succeed  the  Rev.  Justin  R. 
Loomis,  LL.D.,  the  position  which  he  now  occu 
pies.  Since  his  election  to  the  presidency  Pres 
ident  Hill  has  confined  his  pen  to  lectures,  ser 
mons,  and  review  articles.  He  has  an  engagement 
with  Sheldon  &  Co.  to  prepare  an  elementary  work 
on  Logic  as  soon  as  his  duties  permit.  President 
Hill,  though  quite  young,  is  one  of  the  ablest  men 
in  the  Baptist  denomination,  with  unusual  pros 
pects  before  him. 

Hill,  Rev.  Noah,  was  born  in  Virginia,  June 
11,  1811  ;  educated  at  Mercer  University,  Penfield. 
Ga.  ;  commenced  preaching  in  1838  ;  came  to  Texas 
in  1846,  and  prosecuted  faithfully  the  work  of  the 
ministry  at  Brazoria,  Matagorda,  Wharton,  and 
Brenham  until  1869,  when  he  was  called  away  to 
his  eternal  home.  He  was  a  preacher  of  imposing 
personal  appearance,  and  ably  presented  and  en 
forced  the  great  doctrines  of  the  gospel.  Few  men 
in  Texas  labored  under  more  difficulties  and  with 
more  success. 

Hill,  Rev.  Reuben  Coleman,  M.D.,  is  one  of 

the  most  distinguished  and  successful  Baptists  in 
Oregon.  Born  in  Kentucky,  March  27,  1SOS,  of 
Baptist  parents;  baptized  in  1833;  ordained  as 
deacon  and  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Clear  Creek 
church  in  1835;  ordained  in  1845.  lie  removed  to 
Keetsville,  Mo.,  in  1846 ;  organized  the  church 
there,  and  increased  its  membership  to  100.  In 
1851  he  removed  to  Oregon;  located  at  Albany, 
where  he  still  resides;  organized  the  Cowallis  and 
\lbany  churches;  was  pastor  of  one  church  eigh 
teen  years,  of  the  Albany  church  eleven  years,  and 
has  served  other  churches  shorter  periods.  He  has 
baptized  1014  converts,  among  them  six  whole 
households.  lie  is  a  physician  as  well  as  preacher  ; 
is  liberal  in  his  gifts;  a  member  of  all  Baptist  mis 
sionary,  educational,  and  Bible  organizations  in 
the  State,  and  has  served  two  terms  as  a  member 
of  the  Oregon  Legislature. 

Hill,  R.  J.,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Ashland  Co.,  O., 
June  15,  1836.  He  was  educated  at  Vermilion  In 
stitute  and  Granville  College.  He  was  teacher  and 
rmpil  till  he  closed  his  course.  In  1859  he  be«-an 

O 

course  of  medical  study  with   Drs.  Rupert  and 


HILL 


HILL 


Thompson,  of  Mount  Vernon,  and  graduated  at  the 
Starling  Medical  College,  Columbus,  0.  In  1862 
he  became  surgeon  of  the  45th  Ohio  Regiment  of 
Volunteers;  was  captured  in  Tennessee  by  Gen. 
Longstreet  in  1863  ;  spent  a  month  in  Libby 
Prison  ;  was  exchanged  Novernlicr  120,  and,  after  a 
brief  visit  home,  re-entered  the  army,  and  remained 
till  the  end  of  the  war.  Came  to  St.  Louis  in  1S66, 
where  lie  has  acquired  an  extensive  practice  and  a 
flattering  reputation.  lie  is  now  president  of  the 
Public  School  Board  of  St.  Louis,  lie  was  for 
years  a  deacon  in  the  Baptist  church  in  (ireen 
Town.  ()..  and  he  is  now  a  consistent  and  useful 
member  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis. 
Mo. 

Hill,   Stephen  P.,   D.D.,   was   born   in   Salem, 
Mass.,  April  17,  1806,  and  received  his  early  edu- 


STEPHEX    P.   HILL,   D.D. 

cation  at  the  Salem  High  School.  His  parents  and 
all  his  family  connections  were  Unitarians.  About 
the  age  of  fourteen,  casually  entering  a  Baptist 
church,  he  heard  a  sermon  from  the  venerable 
Father  Grafton,  of  Newton,  on  the  unbelief  of  the 
Apostle  Thomas,  which  was  instrumental  in  his 
conversion,  lie  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Lucius 
Bolles  in  June,  1821,  being  then  about  fifteen.  At 
the  age  of  twelve  young  Hill  had  entered  the  law- 
office  of  the  Hon.  David  Cummins,  but  desiring  a 
more  active  life,  he  was  occupied  for  a  while  in 
mercantile  pursuits.  But  his  heart  was  in  the 
work  of  the  ministry.  He  began  preaching  at  the 
early  age  of  seventeen,  and,  in  connection  with  the 
llev.  G.  D.  Boardman,  then  a  student  at  Andover, 


he  frequently  preached  for  the  colored  people. 
Wishing  to  prepare  himself  more  thoroughly  for 
his  life-work,  he  entered  Waterville  College  in 
1825,  and  in  1^-7  removed  to  Brown  University, 
graduating  in  1829.  During  his  winter  vacations 
he  was  engaged  in  teaching.  He  entered  the  theo 
logical  seminary  at  Newton,  and  finished  his  course 
in  ls;!2,  at  which  time  he  was  ordained  as  pastor 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Haverhill,  .Mass. 
His  connection  with  it,  though  pleasant,  was  short ; 
he  removed  to  a  warmer  climate  in  consequence  of 
a  threatened  pulmonary  complaint.  He  passed  the 
winter  of  1833—34  near  Charleston,  S.  C.,  and.  at 
the  urgent  request  of  Dr.  Basil  Manly,  supplied 
the  pulpit  of  the  church  in  Georgetown  in  that 
State.  On  his  return  to  the  North,  he  was  taken 
sick  in  Baltimore,  and  on  his  recovery  lie  was  in 
vited  to  become  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  that  citv,  which  position  he  accepted.  His  min 
istry  here  was  long-continued  and  successful,  the 
membership  having  increased  during  the  first  eight 
years  of  his  pastorate  from  80  to  nearly  600.  A 
Sunday-school  numbering  upwards  of  500  was 
gathered,  and  several  auxiliary  schools  organized 
in  various  parts  of  the  city.  After  seventeen  years 
of  fruitful  labor  in  this  field,  Dr.  Hill  removed  to 
Washington,  D.  C.,  and  took  charge  of  the  First 
Baptist  church,  in  which  relation  he  continued, 
greatly  prospered,  until  1861,  when  he  resigned. 
Since  that  time  he  has  had  no  regular  charge,  but 
has  frequently  preached  to  feeble  congregations 
unable  to  support  pastors.  He  has  also  taken  a 
deep  interest  in  the  welfare  arid  progress  of  the 
colored  Baptist  churches,  often  preaching  for  them, 
and  always  ready  to  give  them  encouragement  and 
counsel.  Dr.  Hill  has  also  added  to  the  literature 
of  the  denomination.  He  is  the  author  of  several 
prize  monographs, — one  on  "  The  Theatre,"  one 
on  "The  Church,''  etc.,  and  has  also  published, 
among  other  works,  an  essay  on  "  The  Best  Plan 
of  an  International  Tribunal  for  Peace."  He  has. 
also  written  some  poetry, — "The  Unlimited  Pro 
gression  of  Mind,"  which  was  delivered  before  the 
literary  societies  of  Brown  University  at  the  com 
mencement  in  1889;  on  "  The  Problem  of  Truth," 
delivered  before  the  societies  of  Madison  University 
in  1859;  and  on  "  The  Triumphs  of  the  Gospel," 
delivered  before  the  Knowles  Society  of  the  New 
ton  Theological  Seminary  in  1839.  He  has  also- 
written  a  number  of  shorter  poems,  published  in 
various  papers  and  periodicals.  But  few  men  are 
more  familiar  with  the  history  of  hymnology,  and 
his  refined  taste  in  this  department  of  literature 
led  to  his  selection  as  one  of  the  committee  which 
had  charge  of  the  preparation  of  the  hymn-book 
so  extensively  used  at  one  time, — "  The  Psalmist." 
Dr.  Hill  is  also  the  author  of  a  collection  of  hymns 
under  the  title  of  "  Christian  Melodies,"  as  well  as- 


HILL 


HILLS  MAN 


of  several  small  works  for  the  young, — "  Time,  the 
Price  of  Wisdom,"  "  The  Youth's  Monitor,"  and 
a  '•  Comprehensive  Catechism."  lie  is  an  active 
member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Columbian 
University,  and  deeply  interested  in  its  welfare. 
Mrs.  Hill  is  a  sister  of  AV.  AV.  Corcoran,  LL.l)., 
the  well-known  and  generous  benefactor  of  so 
many  good  causes. 

Hill,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  i>  >m  Sept.  12,  IT'.'T. 

Ho  was  converted  in  1822,  and  was  ordained  in 
1825.  lie  was  the  first  missionary  for  Southern 
Indiana  appointed  by  the  American  Baptist  Home 
Mission  Society.  He  served  it  and  the  Indiana 
State  Convention  thirteen  years.  He  was  pastor 
of  the  Coffee  Creek  church  thirty  years,  and  he  was 
moderator  of  the  Coffee  Creek  Association  thirty- 
nine  years.  He  was  a  strong  thinker  and  an  elo 
quent  preacher.  Hundreds  have  been  led  to  Christ 
by  his  ministry.  lie  died  March  27.  INTO. 

Hillman,  Walter,  LL.D.,  a  distinguished  edu 
cator  in  Mississippi,  was  born  on  Martha's  Vine 
yard,  Mass.,  in  1829.  After  a  preparatory  course  at 
the  Connecticut  Literary  Institution  and  "Worcester 
Academy,  he  entered  Brown  University  in  184',). 
AVhile  in  it  he  spent  one  year  in  teaching  as  sub- 
principal  of  Worcester  Academy  and  as  classical 
instructor  in  Pierce  Academy.  He  graduated  in 
1854  with  the  degree  of  A.M..  and  was  immedi 
ately  elected  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural 
Philosophy  in  Mississippi  College,  at  Clinton.  In 
1856  he  became  principal  of  ('(Mitral  Female  In 
stitute  in  the  same  town, — a  connection  he  has  re 
tained  until  the  present.  During  this  time  he  also 
held  the  presidency  of  Mississippi  College  for  six 
years.  Under  his  administration  these  institutions 
greatly  prospered.  Ordained  to  the  ministry  in 
1V5S,  he  has  since  occasionally  preached. 

Hillman,  William,  was  born  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  Nov.  21,  1T94,  and  died  April  14,  {804.  In 
his  nineteenth  year  he  was  converted  and  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church  by 
the  pastor,  llcv.  William  Parkinson.  For  more 
than  fifty  years  he  was  a  member  of  that  church. 
AVhile  a  young  man  he  was  elected  one  of  its 
deacons,  and  its  honored  pastors,  AA7m.  Parkinson, 
Spencer  II.  Cone,  A.  Kingman  Nott,  and  Thomas 
I).  Anderson  found  him  a  safe  adviser,  an  efficient 
helper,  and  a  liberal  supporter  of  the  church  and 
all  the  great  evangelizing  enterprises  of  the  Baptist 
denomination.  AV7ith  Dr.  Cone  he  entered  heartily 
into  the  work  of  the  American  Bible  Union.  lie 
was  one  of  the  eighteen  men  who  on  a  stormy  day 
met  in  Deacon  Win.  .Colgate's  parlor  and  took  pre 
liminary  measures  for  its  organization.  He  paid 
the  first  hundred  dollars  into  its  treasury  to  make 
his  pastor  a  life-director.  lie  possessed  a  strong 
faith  in  (rod,  was  a  man  of  ardent  piety,  and  left 
this  world  by  a  death  remarkable  for  its  peaceful, 


joyful,  triumphant  demonstration  of  Christian  vic 
tory. 

Hillsman,  Matthew,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Ten 
nessee,  near  the  town  of  Knoxville,  Aug.  T,  1814. 


V 


MATT1IE\V     III  1. 1, S.MAN",    D.I). 

AA'ith  the  exception  of  two  years  in  Talladega, 
Ala.,  he  has  spent  all  his  life  in  his  native  State. 
Mr.  Hillsman  was  converted  at  the  age  of  nine 
teen,  and  was  ordained  in  1835.  For  many  years 
he  supplied  Baptist  pulpits  in  a  number  of  cities 
and  towns  in  Tennessee.  Among  his  successful 
pastorates  was  the  one  with  the  church  at  Mur- 
freesborough,  from  which  there  were  sent  out  as 
foreign  missionaries  Dr.  Burton,  T.  P.  Crawford, 
and  Rev.  Mr.  Gilliard.  For  one  year  he  was  pres 
ident  of  Mossy  Creek  College,  and  subsequently 
for  years  corresponding  secretary  of  the  Bible 
Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention.  In 
1 8(5:2  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  at  Trenton, 
Tenn.,  where  lie  still  resides,  ministering  to  it  and 
preaching  with  great  acceptance  in  the  surrounding 
country.  As  president  of  the  board  of  the  West 
Tennessee  Baptist  Convention,  and  sometimes  pres 
ident  of  the  Convention  itself,  he  has  done  much  to 
promote  its  efficiency.  A  trustee  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  he  was  one  of  the 
committee  who  selected  Louisville  as  its  location  : 
and  he  was  also  on  the  committee  which  presented  a 
plan  for  the  organization  of  the  Southwestern  Bap 
tist  University.  For  more  than  forty  years  he  has 
been  intimately  connected  with  the  educational, 
missionary,  and  benevolent  enterprises  of  Tennes 
see,  and  he  has  always  been  zealous  in  aiding  the 


HILLY  KR 


HIXCKLKf 


Domestic  and  Foreign  Boards  of  the  Southern  Bap 
tist  Convention.  Dr.  Ilillsinan  presides  well  over 
deliberative  bodies,  and  is  frequently  called  upon 
to  act  in  that  capacity,  and  is  now  the  moderator 
of  the  Central  Association.  As  a  preacher  lie  is 
widely  known,  and  has  great  influence  in  all  parts 
of  Tennessee.  As  a  teacher,  editor,  or  pastor,  lie 
has  been  identified  with  all  the  great  Baptist  move 
ments  with  credit  to  himself  and  honor  to  the  de 
nomination.  No  man  has  the  confidence  of  his 
brethren  more  completely  or  stands  higher  in  their 
estimation.  In  his  sermons  he  is'sound  in  doctrine, 
clear  in  exposition,  and  powerful  in  appeal,  and 
entirely  free  from  sensationalism.  His  style  is 
plain,  practical,  and  direct,  his  best  efforts  being 
those  of  his  regular  service.  The  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  Union 
University.  lie  is  at  present  one  of  the  editors  of 
the  Nashville  Reflector. 

Hillyer,  Rev.  John  F.,  LL.D.,  was  born  May  25, 
1805,  in  Wilkes  Co.,  Ga.  ;  educated  at  University 
of  Georgia  and  Georgia  Medical  College ;  prac 
tised  medicine  two  years;  professed  religion  in 
1825,  and  soon  thereafter  commenced  preaching; 
was  connected  as  a  professor  with  Mercer  Univer 
sity,  Penfield,  Ga.,  from  1835  to  1839  ;  preached  and 
taught  at  Eatonton  until  1847,  when  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Galveston  Baptist  church,  Texas; 
was  successful  in  establishing  Gonzales  College, 
of  which  he  was  first  president.  From  18GU  to 
1865  Avas  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural 
Philosophy  in  Baylor  University.  From  the  last- 
named  institution  he  received  the  degree  of  LL.D.  :  | 
was  at  the  organization  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  State 
Convention,  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and 
the  Texas  Baptist  State  Convention ;  has  preached 
fifty-three  years  ;  is  a  brother  of  Rev.  S.  G.  Hillyer, 
D.D.,  and  Hon.  Junius  Hillyer,  late  member  of 
Congress  from  Georgia ;  was  chaplain  of  Texas 
house  of  representatives  two  sessions,  and  minis 
ters  now  to  two  or  three  churches  regularly.  He 
has  been  a  successful  preacher  and  teacher,  and 
always  a  hard  worker. 

Hillyer,  Shaler  G.,  D.D.,  president  of  Monroe 
Female  College,  Forsyth,  Ga.,  stands  among  the 
first  Baptist  preachers  and  scholars  of  the  State. 
For  nearly  fifty  years  he  has  been  thoroughly  iden 
tified  with  both  the  secular  and  religious  affairs  of 
the  Baptists  of  Georgia,  and  he  is  universally  rec 
ognized  as  a  man  of  great  ability,  high  culture,  and 
deep  piety,  and  of  eloquence  far  above  ordinary.  He 
was  born  June  20,  1809,  in  Wilkes  County,  and  was 
educated  at  the  State  University,  graduating  with 
the  class  of  1829.  He  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Athens  in  1831,  and  was  ordained  in  1835. 
During  his  long  life  he  has  been  the  pastor  of 
Baptist  churches  in  all  parts  of  the  State, — at 
Athens,  Milledgeville,  Macon,  Madison,  Forsyth, 


White  Plains,  Rome,  Penfield,  Crawfordville,  Cass 
Spring,  Albany,  and  various  other  places  ;  and  his 
piety,  zeal,  amiability,  scholarship,  pulpit  ability, 
and  theological  learning  have  united  in  making 
him  both  useful  and  successful.  As  a  sermoriizer 
and  orator  he  has  very  few,  if  any,  superiors  in  the 
State,  for  to  a  noble  and  dignified  style,  amounting 
often  to  striking  eloquence,  he  unites  a  strong  cur 
rent  of  manly  thought,  arranged  in  a  systematic 
train  most  attractive  to  cultivated  minds.  lie  was 
tutor  in  the  State  University  during  the  year  1834, 
and  Professor  of  Rhetoric  and  Belles-Lettres  in 
Mercer  University  from  January,  1847,  to  May, 
1850.  From  September,  1859.  to  May,  1862,  be 
was  Professor  of  Theology  in  the  same  institution, 
and  in  both  these  positions  he  sustained  himself 
with  marked  ability.  When  the  war  broke  up 
Mercer  University  temporarily,  his  professorship 
ceased,  and  as  it  has  never  been  re-established,  his 
connection  with  Mercer  University  has  not  been 
resumed.  He  and  Prof.  Asbury,  after  the  war, 
took  charge  of  the  Monroe  Female  College,  at  For 
syth,  Ga.,  where  he  now  resides.  He  is  president 
of  the  college  and  pastor  of  the  Forsyth  church. 

Dr.  Hillyer  is  a  devoted  Christian,  pure  in  heart, 
unselfish,  confiding,  and  faithful.  As  a  preacher, 
his  sermons  move  the  heart  and  excite  the  sensi 
bilities.  He  is  a  guileless  man,  and  stands  high 
in  the  Christian  confidence  of  his  brethren. 

Himes,  Rev.  Palmer  C.,  was  born  in  Clarendon, 
Vt.,  April  3,  1804.  He  was  hopefully  converted  at 
the  age  of  fifteen,  and  was  baptized  Dec.  19,  1824, 
by  Rev.  John  Spaulding,  and  united  with  the 
Berkshire,  Vt..  Baptist  church.  He  commenced 
preaching  in  Sheldon,  and  the  seal  of  the  divine 
blessing  at  once  rested  upon  his  labors.  After 
preaching  for  a  time,  he  went  to  the  Madison 
Theological  Institution,  pursuing  his  studies  a  lit 
tle  less  than  two  years.  He  was  ordained  at  Enos- 
burg  in  March,  1833.  He  labored  as  a  minister  of 
the  gospel  for  forty-two  years,  in  Vermont.  New 
Hampshire,  and  Maine.  It  has  been  estimated 
that  not  far  from  one  thousand  persons  were  con 
verted  under  his  ministry.  He  died  at  Enosburg, 
Vt.,  March  5,  1871. 

Hinckley,  Rev.  Abel  R.,  was  born  in  Liver- 
more,  Me.,  Dec.  24, 1809.  He  was  converted  in  1831, 
and  joined  the  Baptist  church  in  Augusta.  He  was 
licensed  to  preach  by  that  church  in  1832.  Soon 
afterwards  he  began  a  course  of  study,  spending 
some  time  in  Waterville  College,  Newton,  and 
New  Hampton.  Sept.  14,  1834,  he  was  ordained 
by  the  Swanzey  church,  N.  II.,  during  the  session 
of  the  Dublin  Association,  and  shortly  afterwards 
moved  to  Lawrenceburg,  Ind.  He  was  called  to 
the  pastorate  of  the  Sparta  church  in  1836.  After 
a  few  months  he  received  a  call  from  the  church  at 
Franklin,  and  his  great  interest  in  the  "Manual 


HINTON 


HINTON 


Labor  Institute,"  then  lately  started,  led  him  to  ac 
cept  it.  He  removed  to  Franklin  in  November, 
1837.  The  church  had  no  house  of  worship. 
Under  his  leadership  it  built  a  large,  commodious 
edifice,  and  the  membership  rapidly  increased.  In 
July,  1842,  he  had  a  second  attack  of  hemorrhage 
of  the  lungs,  which  obliged  him  to  cease  public 
labor.  He  died  in  the  following  September.  He 
was  for  five  consecutive  years  secretary  of  the 
State  Convention.  His  efforts  for  the  promotion 
of  the  institute  were  untiring.  One  of  the  present 
deacons  of  the  Franklin  church  says  that  he  was 
the  best  and  purest  man  he  ever  knew. 

He  published  in  pamphlet  form  a  series  of  letters 
on  ';  Baptism,"  in  reply  to  a  sermon  preached  by 
Dr.  Monfort,  of  the  Franklin  Presbyterian  church. 
This  pamphlet  was  extensively  circulated  and  well 
received,  and  produced  a  good  result  in  the  State. 

lie  was  Indiana  editor  of  the  Banner  and  Pioneer, 
published  at  Louisville,  Ky.  He  spent  much  of  his 
time  in  planning  for  the  enlargement  of  the  Re 
deemer's  kingdom  among  Indiana  Baptists. 

Hinton,  Rev.  Isaac  Taylor,  was  born  in  Ox 
ford.  England,  July  4,  1799.  In  1821  he  was  bap 
tized  by  his  father.  He  sailed  from  London  for 
Philadelphia,  April  9,  1832.  In  June,  1833,  he 
took  the  oversight  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Richmond,  Ya.  In  1835  he  took  charge  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  Chicago,  then  in  its  in 
fancy.  In  1841  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Second 
church  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  December,  1844,  he 
received  an  invitation  from  the  Baptists  of  New 
Orleans  to  labor  in  that  city,  and  immediately  re 
moved  to  this  new  field.  He  was  instrumental  in 
building  a  church  edifice  for  them,  which  was 
opened  in  February,  1846,  and  in  greatly  increasing 
their  numbers,  so  much  so  that  it  was  planned  by 
the  pastor  and  his  people  to  erect  a  larger  structure 
in  the  autumn  of  1847.  He  died  of  yellow  fever  on 
the  28th  of  August.  1847. 

Mr.  Ilinton  was  the  author  of  a  "  History  of 
Baptism,'1  and  of  ';  Prophecies  of  Daniel  and  John, 
illustrated  by  the  Events  of  History." 

The  churches  over  which  Mr.  Ilinton  presided, 
without  exception,  prospered,  and  he  wras  instru 
mental  in  forming  other  churches  in  localities  near 
these  seats  (cathedrae)  of  his  ministry. 

In  fourteen  years  of  his  life  in  America  he  made 
a  name  as  widely  known  as  our  country,  and  his 
memory  is  fragrant  still  in  the  land  of  his  adop 
tion.  Like  the  saintly  Wilson,  a  recent  martyr,  in 
the  same  city,  by  the  same  plague,  Mr.  Ilinton  left 
a  numerous  family.  He  possessed  a  remarkable 
amount  of  historical  information  and  of  Biblical 
knowledge,  and  he  had  a  deep  experience  of  the 
love  of  Clmst. 

He  was  invited  to  the  presidency  of  Alton  Col 
lege,  111.,  and  he  was  justly  regarded  as  one  of  the 


purest  and  most  learned  and  talented  ministers  in 
the  denomination. 

Hinton,  Eev.  John  Howard,  M.A.,  was  the  son 

of  the  Rev.  James  Hinton,  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  at  Oxford,  England,  and  was  born  in  that 
city  March  24,  1791.  His  father  conducted  a  private 
school  for  many  years  with  much  credit  and  suc 
cess,  and  was  well  known  as  an  able  and  scholarly 
minister.  Not  a  few  men  of  brilliant  reputation 
were  educated  by  him.  His  mother  was  of  the 
famous  family  of  the  Taylors,  being  the  daughter 
of  the  eminent  engraver.  Isaac  Taylor,  the  first  of 
five  in  lineal  descent  of  that  name.  Among  Mr. 
Isaac  Taylor's  friends  was  John  Howard,  the  phi 
lanthropist,  and  when  he  was  about  to  take  his  last 
journey  abroad,  he  said  to  his  friend's  daughter,  "  I 
have  now  no  son  of  my  own  :  if  ever  yon  have  one, 
pray  call  him  after  me."  Mrs.  Ilinton  possessed 
much  of  the  family  ability,  and  her  influence  upon 
her  eldest  son,  whom  she  named  John  Howard,  de 
termined  him  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry. 
At  first  he  studied  medicine,  but  when  he  was  in 
his  twentieth  year,  having  been  called  by  the 
church  to  exercise  his  gifts  in  the  ministry,  he  was 
entered  at  Bristol  College,  then  under  the  presi 
dency  of  Dr.  Ryland.  Here  he  studied  for  two 
years,  and  proceeded  to  Edinburgh  University  in 
1813.  He  had  received  an  excellent  scholastic 
training  with  his  father's  pupils  at  home,  and  the 
curriculum  of  the  celebrated  Scottish  university, 
together  with  the  theological  studies  of  Bristol  Col 
lege,  gave  him  a  very  complete  furnishing  for  the 
work  of  his  life.  He  took  the  M.A.  degree  at  Edin 
burgh  at  the  close  of  the  third  year  of  the  academical 
course,  and  after  preaching  for  some  time  in  various 
places,  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Baptist  church  in 
Haverford-West,  Pembrokeshire,  and  preached  his 
first  sermon  there  on  May  19,  1810.  After  five 
years'  ministry  at  Haverford-West,  lie  removed  to 
Reading,  and  in  this  more  advantageous  position 
he  found  scope  for  his  great  talents,  arid  became 
prominent  in  the  denomination.  His  native  ability 
and  very  superior  culture  gave  him  a  leading  place 
among  the  foremost  Non-conformist  ministers  in 
all  public  movements.  In  1837  he  entered  upon 
the  pastorate  of  the  ancient  church  in  Devonshire 
Square,  Bishopsgate  Street,  in  the  very  heart  of 
London.  In  denominational  work  he  was  ever 
foremost.  The  Baptist  Union,  of  which  for  many 
years  he  was  the  indefatigable  secretary,  would 
have  miserably  perished  but  for  his  persistence 
and  faith  in  its  utility  as  a  means  of  securing  de 
nominational  unity.  In  the  operations  of  the  Bap 
tist  Missionary  Society  he  had  taken  the  liveliest 
interest  in  his  youthful  days,  when  Andrew  Fuller 
and  other  founders  of  the  mission  used  to  come  to 
Oxford  to  confer  with  his  father  and  pray  together 
for  divine  direction.  After  coming  to  London  he 


IffNTOX 


528 


HISCOX 


bore  an  influential  part  in  tlie  counsels  of  the  Mis 
sionary  Committee,  and  throw  hiinsolC  hoart  and 
soul  into  the  enterprise  of  William  Knibb  to  render 
the  .Jamaica  Baptist  churches  self-supporting.  His 
life  of  Knibb  gives  a  lively  and  stirring  presenta 
tion  of  the  work  and  its  claims  upon  Christian 
benevolence.  For  a  quarter  of  a  centurv,  without 
any  abatement  of  energy,  he  pursued  these  mani 
fold  labors,  and  all  the  while  he  was  busy  with  his 
pen  on  theological  and  kindred  topics  sn  invested  in 
the  course  of  events,  lie  entered  warmly  into  con 
troversies  in  which  the  fundamental  truths  of  re 
ligion  were  assailed,  and  lie  enjoyed  the  remarkable 
experience  of  being  suspected  of  heterodoxy  in  his 
youth  for  the  maintenance  of  opinions  which  in 
his  old  age  procured  him  the  highest  reputation  for 
orthodoxy.  He  could  boast  that  it  was  not  he  who 
had  changed  his  sentiments.  His  collected  works, 
published  by  himself,  on  his  retirement  from  his 
London  pastorate  in  18f>3.  form  seven  volumes. 
His  intimate  friend,  the  Rev.  C.  M.  Bin-ell,  says  of 
his  works,  that  "  thousands  could  tell  the  tale  of  re 
covery  from  infidelity  ;  of  increased  reverence  for  the 
authority  of  the  Word  of  God  ;  of  the  dispersion  of 
sluggish  formalism,  and  the  creation  of  a  vivid  and 
vital  realization  of  admitted  truths,  which  had  come 
to  them  through  his  penetrating  and  awakenin<>- 

I  ~  O 

pen.''  His  figure  was  of  commanding  height,  and 
his  countenance  was  singularly  calm  and  thought 
ful.  An  admirable  portrait  of  him  hangs  in  the 
board  room  of  the  Baptist  Missionary  Society.  lie 
was  "instant  in  prayer,"  steadfastly  preserving  the 
habits  of  devotion  in  the  midst  of  exciting  and  ab 
sorbing  public  labors.  During  the  last  four  or  five 
years  of  his  life  his  bodily  powers  gently  and 
steadily  diminished,  until  at  last  he  fell  asleep  in 
Jesus  in  perfect  peace,  and  with  unclouded  mind, 
on  Dec.  22,  1873,  aged  eighty-two.  As  a  preacher 
he  excelled  in  analysis  and  exposition.  His  ser 
mons  were  pre-eminently  instructive,  rich  in  argu 
ment,  wrought  in  the  fire  of  a  fervid  evangelical 
y.eal  for  the  salvation  of  men.  Besides  his  col 
lected  works,  in  seven  volumes,  he  edited  the  Eng 
lish  edition  of  Dr.  Wayland's  "  Principles  and 
Practices  of  Baptists,"  llev.  Isaac  Taylor  Hinton's 
work  on .  the  "History  of  Baptism."  He  con 
tributed  several  works  to  general  literature,  the 
most  popular  being  the  biography  of  William 
Knibb.  In  early  life  he  published  a  work  on  the 
"History  and  Topography  of  the  United  States, 
from  their  First  Discovery  and  Colonization  to 
182(5,"  which  was  completed  in  1832,  and  favorably 
received  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic.  Later  edi 
tions  have  been  published  in  England  and  in  Amer 
ica.  His  pamphlets  on  the  voluntary  principle  and 
other  stirring  public  questions  were  characterized 
by  incisive  force,  with  peculiar  accuracy  and  lucid 
ity  of  statement. 


Hinton,  James,  M.D.,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev. 
•John  Howard  Hinton,  was  for  many  years  a  dis 
tinguished  London  physician,  and  published  sev 
eral  valuable  works,  some  of  which  were  widely 
known,— •' The  Mystery  of  Pain,"  "  Man  and  his 
Dwelling-Place,"  "  Life  in  Nature,"  etc.  Dr.  Hin 
ton  was  baptized  by  his  father  in  early  life,  and  his 
writings  are  marked  by  a  devout,  reverent  spirit, 
as  well  as  high  intelligence.  His  death,  in  London, 
was  recently  announced. 

Hires,  Rev.  Allen  J.,  was  born  in  Bridgeton. 
X.  -).,  Sept.  26,  JS22.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  years 
he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  that  town.  After  a  course  of  study  pre 
paratory  to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry  he  was 
ordained  when  twenty-five  years  old,  and  became 
pastor  of  the  Vincent  church,  Chester  Co..  Pa. 
From  his  ordination  up  to  the  present  time  his  life 
has  been  devoted  to  labor  for  the  salvation  of  men 
and  for  the  upbuilding  of  the  cause  of  Christ.  His 
pastoral  relations  have  been,  in  addition  to  the  above- 
named  place,  at  (.Jlen  'Run.  Chester  Co.,  Pa.  ;  Jer 
sey  Shore,  Lycoming  Co.,  Pa.  :  Woodstown.  X.  •).  ; 
Cape  May  Court-House,  N.  J. ;  and  with  the  Second 
church,  Baltimore,  Md.  For  four  years  he  was 
also  district  secretary  of  the  American  Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society  in  Pennsylvania  and  New 
Jersey.  Mr.  Hires  has  been  greatly  honored  of 
God  in  his  ministry. 

HisGOX,  Edward  T.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  West 
erly,  R.  I.,  Aug.  24,  1814.  His  mother  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  and  his  father  was  a 
Seventh-Day  Baptist.  One  of  his  ancestors,  Rev. 
William  Hiscox,  was  the  first  pastor  of  the  first 
Seventh-Day  church  in  America.  In  September, 
1834,  he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Flood  Shurtleff,  and 
became  a  member  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Wakefield,  R.  I.  He  was  graduated  from  Madison 
University  in  1843,  and  in  1844  he  accepted  the 
pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Westerly, 
R.  I.  During  bis  three  years  of  labor  there  the 
church  had  a  rapid  growth,  built  a  spacious  house 
of  worship,  and  became  one  of  the  ablest  churches 
in  the  State.  In  1S47  he  took  charge  of  the  Cen 
tral  church,  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  where,  during  five 
years,  his  labors  were  greatly  blessed.  In  1852  he 
accepted  a  call  to  Stanton  Street  church,  New  York. 
He  remained  there  several  years,  during  which 
about  four  hundred  were  added  to  the  jchuroh, 
chiefly  by  baptism.  At  the  present  time  he  is 
pastor  at  Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  laboring  with  his 
usual  vigor  and  success.  He  is  an  able  preacher 
and  a  prolific  writer.  He  is  the  author  of  "  The 
Baptist  Church  Directory,"  a  manual  of  Baptist 
Church  order  and  polity,  30,000  copies  of  which 
have  been  sold.  It  has  been  translated  into  six 
foreign  languages,  and  is  generally  used  by  our 
foreign  missionaries ;  also,  "  The  Baptist  Short 


HISTORICAL    SOCIETY 


529 


HOBBS 


Method,"  an  examination  of  the  characteristic 
features  of  the  Baptists  as  distinguished  from 
other  denominations  of  Christians :  '•  The  Star 
Book  for  Ministers,"  a  manual  for  ministers  of  all 
denominations:  "The  Star  Book  of  Christian  Bap 
tism."  a  manual  in  reference  to  this  ordinance.  lie 
is  about  to  bring  our,  '•  The  Star  Book  on  the  Lord's 
Supper."  '•  The  Star  Book  on  Baptist  Councils," 
and  a  large  volume  on  the  mutual  relations  and 
responsibilities  of  pastors  and  churches,  entitled 
"  Pastor  and  People." 

Historical  Society,  The  American  Baptist. 

— At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Bap 
tist  Publication  Society, .held  May  4,  1853,  in  the 
Spruce  Street  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia,  a  spe 
cial  meeting  was  called  for  the  next  evening  to  or 
ganize  a  "Historical  Department"  in  connection 
Avitli  the  Publication  Society.  The  motion  to  con 
vene  the  meeting  was  made  by  John  M.  Peck,  D.D., 
and  the  mover,  together  with  Hon.  II.  (j.  Jones  and 
Henry  E.  Lincoln,  were  appointed  a  committee  to 
report  a  plan  of  organization.  At  the  meeting  of 
the  Publication  Society,  on  Thursday  evening,  the 
committee  reported  a  constitution,  which  was  unan 
imously  adopted,  establishing  a  national  society,  to 
be  called  '"The  American  .Baptist  Historical  So 
ciety,"  and  they  gave  it  '•  a  separate  and  permanent 
form,"  and  required  "its  officers  to  be  elected  by  the 
Publication  Society."  William  R.  Williams,  D.I)., 
was  its  first  president.  "  The  objects  of  the  society 
wrre  to  collect  and  preserve  all  manuscripts,  docu 
ments,  and  books  relating  to  Baptist  history,"  etc. 
The  society  made  progress  in  various  directions, 
but  rather  slowly  until  1800,  when  the  late  Dr. 
Malcorn  became  its  president.  Ardently  attached 
to  its  objects,  and  free  from  public  duties,  he  gave 
his  entire  time  to  the  increase  of  its  treasures,  and 
in  a  few  years  its  library  was  enriched  by  thousands 
of  volumes,  many  of  them  of  priceless  value  to  our 
denominational  history. 

In  1801  the  society  was  incorporated  under  a 
new  constitution,  which  gives  it  as  the  constituency 
to  elect  its  officers  and  board,  not  the  Baptist  Pub 
lication  Society,  "but  all  persons  who  pay  ten  dol 
lars  or  more  towards  its  objects."  The  secretary 
of  the  Publication  Society  and  the  president  and 
secretary  of  its  board  of  managers  are  ex  officio 
members  of  the  board  of  the  Historical  Society. 

Constant  accessions  are  made  to  the  library,  to 
the  increase  of  which  all  the  funds  donated  to  the 
society  arc  devoted. 

The  Historical  Society  has  at  least  six  thousand 
volumes,  among  which  there  are  many  rare  works 
by  the  Baptist  writers  of  other  days, — books  which 
it  would  be  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  replace  ; 
and  it  also  has  the  writings  of  many  Pedobaptists 
assailing  our  peculiarities.  It  needs  financial  sup 
port  to  secure  the  literary  treasures  which  are  fre 


quently  within  its  reach,  and  it  should  receive  it 
liberally. 

It  is  believed  that  the  society  should  have  a  warm 
place  in  the  hearts  of  our  entire  denomination,  and 
that  it  should  speedily  be  furnished  with  a  fire-proof 
building  to  protect  its  invaluable  collection  of  books 
and  other  treasures. 

Rev.  William  Catheart.  D.D.,  is  the  president  of 
the  society,  Rev.  Job  II.  Chambers,  secretary,  and 
II.  E.  Lincoln,  Esq.,  librarian  arid  treasurer. 

Hobart,  I.  N.,  D.D.,  for  over  ten  years  con 
nected  with  the  direction  of  State  missions  in  Illi 
nois,  was  born  in  Lyme,  X.  II..  Feb.  20,  IS  12.  His 
conversion  took  place  July  4,  1S31,  and  his  bap 
tism  in  August  of  the  same  year.  In  1834  he  was 
licensed,  and  on  Aug.  12,  1841,  he  was  ordained 
as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Radnor,  Pa.,  Rev.  Elon 
Galusha  preaching  the  sermon.  He  remained  pas 
tor  at  Radnor  nearly  six  years,  returning  to  New 
England  with  impaired  health  in  1847,  and  for 
about  two  years  remaining  without  pastoral  charge. 
Jan.  1,  1849,  he  became  pastor  of  the  church  at 
North  Oxford,  Mass.,  where  he  labored  between 
three  and  four  years,  when  he  accepted  the  pastor 
ate  of  the  church  at  Bristol.  R.  I.  Here  his  health 
failed  again,  and  in  1855  lie  removed  to  St.  Lawrence 
Co.,  N.  Y.  From  Jan.  1,  1850,  to  Oct.  1,  1868,  he 
labored  in  that  State.  At  the  last  date  he  was  ap 
pointed  by  the  Home  Mission  Society  to  take  charge 
of  its  work  in  Illinois.  In  the  year  following  the 
society  and  the  Illinois  Baptist  General  Association 
adopted  the  co-operative  plan  in  State  missions,  and 
Dr.  Hobart  was  chosen  superintendent  of  missions 
for  that  State.  When  the  co-operative  plan  was 
discontinued  he  was  appointed  district  secretary  for 
the  States  of  Illinois,  Iowa,  and  Wisconsin.  At  the 
earnest  solicitation  of  the  Board  of  the  General  As 
sociation  he  decided  to  remain  in  the  superintend 
ence  of  its  missions,  and  to  this  post  has  been  elected 
from  year  to  year  to  the  present  time  (1880),  con 
ducting  the  Baptist  missions  of  the  State  witli 
marked  self-devotion  and  administrative  ability. 

Hobbs,  Smith  M.,  M.D.,  an  eminent  physician 
of  Mount  Washington,  Ky.,  was  born  in  Nelson 
County  in  1823.  His  early  education  was  under 
the  superintendence  of  Noble  Butler,  A.M.,  a  well- 
known  author,  and  was  completed  at  St.  Joseph's 
College,  at  Bardstown.  He  graduated  at  the  Ken 
tucky  School  of  Medicine  in  J852.  and  immediately 
commenced  practice  at  Mount  Washington.  Ho  is 
a  gentleman  of  fine  culture  and  a  close  student,  a 
man  of  tireless  energy,  and  has  performed  an  in 
credible  amount  of  professional  labor.  He;  was  a 
member  of  the  Kentucky  Legislature  in  1808,  and 
was  the  author  of  a  bill  which  largely  increased  the 
common-school  fund  of  the  State,  and  of  a  report 
in  favor  of  "  prohibiting  the  marriage  of  first  cous 
ins."  In  1870  he  was  one  of  the  two  commissioners 


530 


HODGE 


appointed  to  superintend  the  interest  of  Kentucky 
in  the  Centennial  Exposition  at  Philadelphia.     He 


SMITH    M.   HOBKS,   M.D. 

became  a  Baptist  early  in  life,  and  is  a  liberal  con 
tributor  to  Baptist  enterprises. 

HobgOOd,  Prof.  F.  P.,  was  born  in  Granville 
Co.,  N.  C.,  in    1846  ;  was   prepared   by  James   II. 
Homer  for  college ;  graduated  from  Wake  Forest 
College  in  1869  ;  taught  an  academy  at  Reidsville, 
N.  C.  ;  came  to  Raleigh  and  took  the  position  of 
his  father-in-law,  Dr.  Royall,  as  principal  of  a  fe 
male  college,  which  he  conducted  successfully  until 
1880,  when  he  removed  his  school  to  Oxford,  N.  C. 
Hodge,  James  L.,  D.D.,  son  of  Rev.  William 
and  Elizabeth  Hodge,  was  born  in  Aberdeen,  Scot 
land,  in  1812,  and  at  the  age  of  twelve  accompanied 
his   parents   to   America.      In   1831    he   became  a 
member  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Hartford. 
In  1835,  after  graduating  at  the  Literary  Institu 
tion,  Suffield,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  of  that  town.     He  was  subsequently 
called   to   the  First  Baptist   church  in   Brooklyn, 
which   proved  to  be  one   of  the  longest  and  most 
successful  settlements  of  his  life.     In  the  midst  of 
his  prosperity  he   was  impressed  with  the  impor 
tance  of  founding  a  church  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
city,  on  Washington  Avenue.     After   a  pastorate 
of  some  years  with  the  new   interest,    which   was 
crowned  with   success,  Dr.   Hodge  was  induced  t 
settle  in  Newark,  N.  J.     In  1864,  after  an  absenc 
of  eight  years,  he  was  called  to  his  present  highh 
successful    pastorate   with   the   Mariners'    church 
New  York.     During  his  long  experience  as  a  min 


ister,  Dr.  Hodge  has  been  regarded  as  an  eloquent 
champion  of  Scriptural  truth,  and  has  been  espe 
cially  fitted  for  the  performance  of  his  duties  by  his 
tender  sympathies,  magnetic  nature,  and  analytical 
powers.  In  1848  he  was  made  D.D.  by  Madison 
University. 

Hodge,  Marvin  GrOW,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Hard- 
wick,  Vt.,  in   1822;  educated  at  Derby  Academy: 
ordained  at  Charleston  in  1843,  where  he  began  his 
ministry.     Subsequently  he  was  settled  at  Colches 
ter  and  Ilinesburg,  Still  water  and  Brooklyn.  X.  Y., 
Kalamazoo,   Mich.,   Beaver  Dam,   Janesville.  and 
Milwaukee,  Wis.      At   the  last  place  he  now  re 
sides,  and  is  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in   that  city.      His   pastorates    at   Hanson   Place, 
Brooklyn,  X.  Y.,  Janesville,  Wis.,  and  Kalamazoo, 
Mich.,  were   nearly  seven  years  each.     At  Janes 
ville  he  was  very  successful.     He  added  not  only 
large  numbers  to  the  church,  but  led  the  church  to 
rcct  the  finest  Baptist  meeting-house  in  the  State. 
le  left  it  a  large,  intelligent,  and  influential  body. 
The  church  in  Milwaukee  is  strengthening  itself 
nuler  his  ministrations  and  entering  upon  a  new 
ira  of  usefulness.     Dr.  Hodge  was  one  year  district 
secretary  of  the   Xew  York   Baptist   Convention, 
ind  district    secretary   of   the   American   Baptist 
Home  Mission  Society  for  Xew  England  two  years. 
He  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.  from  the 
University  of  Vermont  in  1849,  the  like  honor  from 


MARVIN    GROW    HODGE,  D.D. 

the  University  of  Rochester  in  1864,  and  the  title 
of  D.D.  from  the  University  of  Chicago  in  1867. 
Tie  excels  as  an  expository  preacher.  His  sermons 


HOD  GEN 


531 


HOLCOMBE 


are  nearly  all  clear  expositions  of  the  divine  Word. 
Theologically  exact  and  Scriptural,  always  thor 
oughly  prepared  with  the  riches  of  a  ripe  Christian 
experience,  he  brings  to  his  people  in  his  pulpit 
ministrations  a  gospel  feast.  His  people  love  to 
see  him  in  the  pulpit.  They  are  sure  to  be  in 
structed.  As  the  result,  he  indoctrinates  his  con 
gregations  and  builds  them  up.  Few  congregations 
are  better  instructed  in  the  doctrines  of  the  Word 
of  God  than  the  churches  at  Jancsville  and  Kala- 
mazoo  during  his  ministry  over  them.  As  a  pas 
tor,  Dr.  Hodge  is  wise,  sympathetic,  knows  his 
people  thoroughly,  is  their  recognized  leader  and 
guide,  and  feeds  his  flock  like  a  shepherd,  gathering 
the  lambs  in  his  arms  and  carrying  them  in  his 
bosom.  With  his  tine  abilities  as  a  preacher,  his 
decided  executive  talents,  and  excellent  gifts  for 
pastoral  labor,  he  has  for  many  years  been  regarded 
as  one  of  the  ablest  of  Christian  ministers.  In  the 
State  where  he  now  resides,  and  where  ten  years 
of  his  life  have  been  spent,  he  is  known  as  a  good 
man  and  a  faithful  herald  of  Jesus  Christ,  "watch 
ing  for  souls." 

Hodgen,  Rev.  Isaac,  "in  some  respects  one  of 
the  most  brilliant  preachers  of  Kentucky,''  was  the 
son  of  Ilobert  Ilodgen,  a  distinguished  citizen  and 
a  leading  Baptist  among  the  first  settlers  of  Ken 
tucky.  He  was  born  in  La  Rue  County  about 
17SO,  became  a  member  of  Severn's  Valley  church 
in  1802,  and  was  licensed  to  preach  at  Nolin  church 
in  1S()4.  In  1805  he  removed  to  Green  County  and 
united  with  Mount  Gilead  church,  where  he  re 
ceived  ordination  the  same  year.  He  devoted  most 
of  the  energies  of  his  life  to  the  work  of  an  evan 
gelist,  though  he  was  stated  preacher  for  several 
churches  at  different  periods.  He  traveled  and 
preached  almost  unceasingly,  and  multitudes  were 
turned  to  the  Lord  wherever  he  labored.  In  1817, 
accompanied  by  William  Warder,  he  made  a  tour 
as  far  as  Philadelphia,  returning  through  Virginia. 
They  traveled  the  entire  distance  on  horseback,  and 
preached  almost  every  night.  It  was  estimated 
that  "over  GOO  were  bapti/ed  who  were  awakened 
under  their  preaching  in  Virginia.''  Mr.  Ilodgen 
continued  in  this  course  of  tireless  zeal  and  energy 
till  the  Lord  called  him  home  in  the  maturity  of 
his  manhood,  in  1820. 

Hodges,  Rev.  Cyrus  Whitman,  was  born  in 

Leicester,  Vt,,  July  9,  1802;  became  a  Christian, 
and  united  with  the  Congregational  church  in  Sal 
isbury.  Vt.,  in  July.  1821.  Within  a  few  months, 
finding  his  views  more  in  harmony  with  those  of 
the  Baptists,  he  joined  the  Baptist  church  in  Bran 
don,  and  was  licensed  by  them  to  preach  in  1822. 
lie  was  ordained  at  Chester,  X.  Y.,  in  1824,  and 
remained  there  three  years.  His  other  pastorates 
were  Arlington.  Shaftsbury,  and  Springfield,  Vt., 
Westport,  N.  Y..  Bi-nnington,  and  finally  Bristol, 


Vt.  In  each  of  these  places  he  rendered  good  ser 
vice  to  the  cause  of  his  Master.  He  died  April  4, 
1851. 

Holcombe,  Henry,  D.D. — Among  those  who 
took  an  active  and  beneficial  part  in  shaping  the 
destinies  of  the  Baptist  denomination  in  the  State 
of  Georgia  was  Henry  Ilolcombe.  Born  in  Prince 
Edward  Co.,  Va.,  he  moved  to  South  Carolina,  with 
his  father,  Grimes  Ilolcombe,  in  early  life.  He 
was  a  captain  of  cavalry  in  the  Revolutionary  war, 
and,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  while  in  command 
of  his  company,  was  hopefully  converted  to  God. 
He  began  at  once  to  proclaim  the  unsearchable 
riches  of  Christ,  making  his  first  address  on  horse 
back,  at  the  head  of  his  command.  He  soon  be 
came  distinguished  as  a  preacher,  and  met  with 
extraordinary  success  in  his  work.  He  was  pastor 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Beaufort  and  other  places 
in  South  Carolina  until  1799,  when  he  was  invited 
to  Savannah  as  "  supply"  to  what  is  now  known  as 
the  Independent  Presbyterian  church  of  that  city, 
which  then  occupied  the  Baptist  house  of  worship, 
having  leased  it  for  a  number  of  years.  In  Novem 
ber  of  1800  he,  with  his  wife  and  ten  others,  united 
in  organizing  and  constituting  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Savannah,  which  still  exists.  He  became 
the  pastor,  soon  gathered  a  large  congregation,  to 
which  he  ministered  until  181],  when  he  accepted 
a  call  to  Philadelphia.  As  pastor  of  the  First  Bap 
tist  church  he  preached  in  Philadelphia  until  his 
death,  in  1824. 

The  degree  of  A.M.  was  conferred  on  him  in 
early  life  by  Columbia  College,  S.  C.,  and  the  de 
gree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity,  which  meant  far  more 
then  than  it  docs  nowf  was  conferred  on  him  in 
1810  by  Brown  University,  R.  I. 

Dr.  Holcombe  never  took  any  part  in  politics, 
but  when  quite  a  young  man  he  was  a  member  of 
the  convention  in  South  Carolina  which  ratified 
and  adopted  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 
Several  points  in  his  life  are  worthy  of  mention: 

1.  He  baptized  the  first  white  person  ever  im 
mersed  in  the  city  of  Savannah. 

2.  He  was   the   originator   of  the    penitentiary 
system   of  Georgia,  in  lieu  of  death,  for  ordinary 
crimes. 

3.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  Savannah  Female 
Orphan  Asylum,  and  wrote  its  constitution. 

4.  lie  published  the  first  religious  periodical  in 
the  Southern  States,  and  one  among  the  first  in  the 
United  States. — a  magazine  called  the  Analytical 
Repository, — it  was  begun  in  May,  1802. 

5.  He  was  one  of  the  Baptist  ministers  who  met 
by   appointment  at   Powelton,  Ga.,  in    May,   1802, 
and  originated   the  "General   Committee,"  which 
was  the  germ  of  the  Georgia  Baptist  Convention. 

6.  lie  was  the  main   instrument  in  the  founda 
tion   of  Mount   Enon  Academy,  near  the   line   of 


HOLCOMKK 


HOLD  EX 


Burke  County, — a  Baptist  institution  of  learning, 
unfortunately  located,  but  which  prospered  as  long 
as  Dr.  Ilolcombe  resided  in  Georgia.  This  was  the 
iirst  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  South  estab 
lished  under  the  influence  of  Baptists,  and  it  was 
the  precursor  of  Mercer  University. 

Dr.  llolcoinbe  was  a  man  of  wide  information 
and  elegant  culture,  lie  was  a  great  reasoner, 
mighty  in  the  Scriptures,  and  a  born  orator.  His 
bearing  was  dignified,  his  manners  graceful,  his 
presence  commanding,  and  he  had  great  personal 
magnetism.  In  its  softer  tones  his  voice  was  gen 
tle  and  persuasive;  at  other  times  it  was  full  of 
power  and  majesty.  A  man  of  very  tender  feel 
ings  and  sympathetic  nature,  he  was,  indeed,  a 
"son  of  consolation"  to  the  poor,  the  widows,  and 
the  orphans,  many  of  whom  have  been  heard  to 
speak  with  tears  of  his  gentle  ministrations  a  whole 
generation  after  his  death.  lie  condescended  to 
men  of  low  estate,  was  a  friend  to  the  friendless 
and  the  outcast,  and  would  take  to  his  home  and  to 
his  bosom  those  who  were  spurned  by  society.  On  . 
the  very  day  when  a  man  was  put  to  death  on  the 
gallows  in  Savannah,  his  children  were  gathered 
together  at  Dr.  Ilolcombe's  house,— the  abode  of 
sympathy  and  love, — where  they  were  cared  for, 
comforted,  counseled,  and  cherished  with  more 
than  fatherly  tenderness. 

With  these  almost  womanly  qualities  Dr.  Ilol 
combe's  character  possessed  another  side.  lie  was 
a  bold,  brave  man,  immovably  stern  when  occasion 
required,  and  at  times  imperial  if  not  imperious  in 
his  bearing,  and  these  qualities,  in  a  man  of  hercu 
lean  physique  and  of  immense  intellectual  and  moral 
momentum,  inspired  awe  and  even  fear  in  the 
minds  of  many.  He  was  a  man  of  warm  impulses, 
and,  it  is  said,  "  liberal  to  a  fault,''  lavishing  his 
means  with  an  almost  reckless  generosity.  Add  to 
all  this  wonderful  preaching  ability,  intense  y.cal, 
and  enthusiasm  in  the  cause  of  Christ,  and  it  need 
excite  no  wonder  that  he  made  a  deep  impress  upon 
the  State,  and  that  his  presence  was  felt  as  that  of 
a  great  power.  He  died  calmly,  in  possession  of 
all  his  mental  faculties,  and  fully  aware  of  his  ap 
proaching  end  ;  and  the  concourse  of  people  attend 
ing  his  funeral  was  such,  it  is  said,  as  was  never 
before  seen  in  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Ilolcombe  Avas 
six  feet  and  two  inches  in  height. 

Holcombe,  Rev.  Hosea,  a  native  of  North  Caro 
lina,  was  born  about  the  year  1780.  For  some  years 
a  minister  in  upper  South  Carolina,  he  settled  in 
Jefferson  Co.,  Ala,,  early  in  the  history  of  the  State. 
Was  unquestionably  a  leader  in  projecting  the 
plans  of  the  early  Baptists  of  the  State,  taking  a 
bold  and  a<r»ressive  part  in  everything  that  looked 
to  the  elevation  of  the  Baptist  cause,  or  to  the  prog 
ress  of  Baptist  principles.  Organized  nearly  all  the 
churches  for  many  miles  around  where  he  lived, 


and  established  them  on  a  sound  basis  ;  and  traveled 
and  preached  over  a  large  part  of  the  State;  went 
to  Associations  far  and  near,  and  was  universally 
regarded   as   able   to  guide   them  ;    was  six   years 
president  of  the  State  Convention  ;  more  than  any 
other  man  in  the  State  he  withstood  the  anti-mis 
sionaries  :  was  in  the  strength  of  his  ministerial  in 
fluence  when  the  anti-missionaries  were  doing  their 
work  of  mischief  among  Alabama  Baptists.     He 
was  the  man  for  the  times,  and  performed  his  work 
well.    One  of  the  founders  of  our  State  Convention, 
and  a  most  earnest  advocate  for  the  establishment 
of  good  schools  by  the  denomination,  and  for  minis 
terial  education,     lie  Avas  an  able  minister  of  the 
New   Testament,  doctrinal   and   argumentative   in 
preaching,  clear  and   forcible  in  delivery,  mighty 
in  the  Scriptures,  a  noble  and   impressive  person, 
commanding  respect  and  veneration  everywhere; 
though  not  so  great  a  man,  he  holds  a  position  in 
the  history  of  Alabama  Baptists   not  unlike  that 
of  Dr.  Mercer  among  the  brethren  of  Georgia.     He 
wrote  a  number  of  controversial  pamphlets,  com 
piled  a  hymn-book,  and  a  history  of  the  Baptists 
in  Alabama. — a  work  of  375  pages,  which  brings 
its  history  down  to  the  year  1840.     lie  passed  his 
ministry  as  pastor  of  a  number  of  churches,  and 
as  a  missionary  evangelist.     He  died  in  1841  at  his 
home,  and  Avas  buried  on  his  farm,  near  Jonesbor- 
h.     Two  of  his  sons  became  Baptist  ministers. 
Holcombe,   Rev.   William  H.,   a   minister  in 
Northeast  Mississippi,  distinguished  for  eloquence 
and  piety,  was  born  in  Alabama  in  181  2.     He  began 
to  preach  very  young  ;  came  to  Mississippi  at  an 
early  day  ;  successfully  filled  the  pastorate  at  Co 
lumbus,  Aberdeen,  Okalona,  and   at  Pontoloc  and 
Ripley.      He  died  in  1867. 
Hoiden,  Rev.  Charles  Horace,  of  Modesto, 

Cal.,  is  a  young  and  most  prominent  Baptist  pastor. 
He  was  born  in  West  Mil  ford,  Ya.,  Aug.  23,  1853  ; 
educated,  converted,  and  baptized  in  Webster,  W. 
Ya,;  removed  to  California;  ordained  in  July,  1879, 
and  became  pastor  at  Modesto,  where  the  baptism 
of  converts,  the  awakened  interest  in  the  gospel, 
and  other  tokens  of  divine  favor  give  great  promise 
of  increasing  usefulness  and  power  in  connection 
with  his  ministry. 

Holden,  Charles  N.,  was  born  at  Fort  Coving- 
ton,  N.  Y.,  May  13,  1816,  of  parents  Avho  had  emi 
grated  to  that  place  from  New  Hampshire,  and 
were  among  the  earlier  settlers  of  Northern  New 
York.  IIis°father,  W.  C.  Holden,  an  energetic  and 
patriotic  man.  Avas  present  and  participated  in 
the  battle  of  Plattsburg,  so  important  among  the 
battles  of  the  war  of  1812-15.  At  twenty  years 
of  asie,  Charles  N.  Ilolden,  the  eldest  son.  having 
received  such  education  as  the  opportunities  of  a 
new  country  afford,— though  these  were  well  im 
proved,— engaged  in  teaching.  Deciding  at  length 


HOLDER 


533 


IIOLLINS 


to  try  his  fortunes  in  the  new  West,  Mr.  Holden, 
in  1837,  removed  to  Chicago.  After  a  little  time 
spent  upon  the  farm  of  his  uncle,  P.  II.  Holden, 
in  Will  County,  he  returned  to  Chicago  in  the  fall 
of  the  year  just  named,  and  in  the  spring  of  the 
following  year  began  business  as  a  lumber-dealer, 
afterwards  as  a  grocer.  In  1852,  retiring  from  the 
business  in  which  he  had  been  so  long  engaged,  he 

entered  that  of  insurance  and  real  estate  ;  was  one  ! 

i 

of  those  who  organized  the  Firemen's  Insurance 
Company,  holding  in  that  company  the  office  of 
secretary;  subsequently  being  elected  treasurer  of 
the  Firemen's  Benevolent  Association,  in  which  ser 
vice  lie  still  remains.  Mr.  Ilolden  has  been  called 
to  repeated  offices  of  trust, — as  alderman,  as  com 
missioner  of  taxes  for  the  city  of  Chicago,  as  citv 
treasurer,  and  in  other  posts  of  important  public 
service.  Converted  in  early  life,  Mr.  Ilolden  has 
been  during  many  years  a  valued  and  useful  mem 
ber  of  the  Baptist  denomination.  In  Chicago  his 
church  connection  lias  been  with  what  is  now  the 
Second  church,  always  one  of  its  most  trusted  and 
efficient  members.  He  was  also  during  many  years 
a  trustee  of  the  university,  and  was  one  of  those 
who  laid  the  foundations  of  the  theological  semi 
nary  at  Chicago.  To  no  one  man  is  it  more  due 
that  the  financial  affairs  of  that  institution  have 
been  always  so  judiciously  guided,  while  his  own 
donations  to  its  funds  have  been  ready  and  liberal. 
Held  in  high  esteem  by  his  fellow-citizens  during 
his  whole  career,  he  has  especially  been  remark 
able  for  his  firm,  consistent,  and  useful  course  as  a 
Christian,  a  friend  of  reform,  and  a  worker  in  every 
good  cause. 

Holden,  Gov.  W.  W.,  was  born  in  Orange  Co., 
N.  C.,  in  November.  1818;  learned  the  printer's 
trade;  settled  in  Raleigh  in  1830  ;  was  foreman  of 
the  Raleigh  Star  office  four  years,  during  which 
time  he  read  law,  and  was  licensed  to  practise  1st 
January,  1841.  Became  proprietor  and  editor  of  the 
Standard  in  1843,  which  he  conducted  with  dis 
tinguished  ability  for  twenty-five  years.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Commons  from  Wake 
County  in  1846  :  was  several  times  State  printer ; 
was  for  seven  years  a  member  of  the  State  Literary 
Board  ;  elected  a  trustee  of  the  State  University  in 
1856  ;  served  several  years  as  one  of  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  insane  asylum  and  the  institution 
for  the  deaf  and  dumb  ;  was  a  member  from  Wake 
County  in  the  secession  convention  of  1861  ;  was 
provisional  governor  of  North  Carolina  for  seven 
months  in  1865,  having  been  appointed  by  President 
Johnson  ;  was  elected  governor  of  North  Carolina 
in  1868  by  a  large  majority,  and  served  two  years 
and  six  months,  when  he  was  impeached  by  the 
State  Legislature  ;  was  offered  the  mission  to  San 
Salvador  by  President  Johnson,  and  that  to  Peru 
by  President  Grant,  both  of  which  he  declined. 


Gov.  Ilolden  professed  faith  in  Christ  in  De 
cember,  1870,  at  a  meeting  held  by  Rev.  A.  B. 
Karle,  in  Raleigh,  and  was  baptized  by  Dr.  T.  II. 
Pritchard,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
that  city.  He  has  been  an  active  and  useful  church 
member,  and  has  a  Bible-class  of  young  men  in  the 
Sabbath-school,  which  numbers  40  members.  He 
has  been  the  postmaster  of  Raleigh  for  six  years. 

Hollins  Institute,  Botctourt  Springs,  Ya. — 
About  the  year  1841,  the  Rev.  Joshua  Bradly,  of 
New  York,  went  to  Virginia.  He  was  a  Baptist 
minister,  and  enthusiastic  on  the  subject  of  educa 
tion.  At  this  time  Botetourt  Springs,  now  the  seat 
of  Hollins  Institute,  was  for  sale,  and  Mr.  Bradly 
at  once  conceived  the  plan  of  purchasing  it  for 
school  purposes.  Without  a  dollar  in  his  possession 
he  contracted  for  the  purchase  of  the  property,  re 
lying  upon  his  own  tact  and  energy  to  secure  the 
necessary  funds.  He  opened  a  school  for  boys  and 
girls  with  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  neighbor 
ing  districts  with  good  teachers.  There  was  a  large 
attendance  of  pupils,  but  financial  and  other  troubles 
soon  arising,  he  resigned  at  the  end  of  a  year  and 
left  the  State.  Before  his  departure  he  had  formed 
an  organization  under  the  title  of  ''  The  Valley 
Union  Education  Society  of  Virginia,"  which  after 
wards  procured  a  charter  as  a  joint-stock  company, 
and  continued  the  school.  The  Rev.  George  Pearcy, 
late  missionary  to  China,  and  now  deceased,  was 
elected  principal,  and  continued  such  for  several 
years  with  varying  success.  Mr.  Pearcy,  about  to 
leave  for  China,  urged  Mr.  Cocke  to  take  charge 
of  the  school,  which,  relinquishing  his  position  in 
Richmond  College,  he  consented  to  do  on  the  fol 
lowing  terms:  that  he  would  advance  a  sum  suffi 
cient  to  save  the  property  from  immediate  sale  ;  he 
should  be  both  principal  and  steward  of  the  school, 
becoming  responsible  for  all  salaries  of  teachers 
whom  lie  might  employ  ;  and  the  society  should 
furnish  premises  and  buildings,  but  should  be  sub 
jected  to  no  liabilities  whatever  beyond  the  cost 
and  repair  of  the  premises.  Mr.  Cocke  found  the 
grounds  and  everything  on  them  in  a  most  unat 
tractive  condition,  but  by  his  untiring  energy  they 
were  soon  made  to  present  a  beautiful  appearance. 
He  opened  the  school,  and  the  first  year  the  number 
of  pupils  was  S7iiall,  but  soon  there  was  not  room 
enough  for  all  the  applicants.  Finding  that  the 
education  of  young  men  and  young  women  to 
gether,  and  their  living  in  the  same  building,  was 
not  desirable,  Mr.  Cocke  advised  the  discontinuance 
of  one  class  ;  and  as  there  was  no  chartered  school 
in  Virginia  for  young  ladies,  he  counseled  the  con 
tinuance  of  the  school  as  an  institute  of  high  grade 
for  that  sex,  and  in  1852  the  change  took  place. 
The  session  of  1852-53  of  the  newly  organized 
school  for  girls  alone  opened  with  cheering  pros 
pects.  Soon  the  rooms  of  the  institution  were  filled, 


IIOLLIS 


534 


HOLLIS 


and  so  great  was  the  success,  and  so  marked  the 
interest  in  female  education  throughout  the  South, 
that  there  speedily  rose  into  being  Hampton  Fe 
male  College,  Richmond  Female  Institute,  Albe- 
marle  Female  Institute,  Warrcnton  Female  Insti 
tute,  and  Danville  Female  College,  all  under  the 
patronage  of  the  Baptists,  and  a  like  number  started 
bv  other  denominations.  In  the  year  lSf>5,  Mr. 
•John  Ilollins,  of  Lynchburg,  Va.,  at  the  suggestion 
of  his  wife,  a  pious  Baptist  lady,  proposed  to  the 
company  that  if  they  would  relinquish  their  stock 
he  would  give  as  much  as  all  their  shares  aggre 
gated,  and  place  the  institution  in  the  hands  of  a 
self-perpetuating  board  of  trustees.  The  proposi 
tion  was  accepted,  and  the  amount  given  by  Mr. 
Rollins  was  $5000,  which  in  a  few  years  was  sup 
plemented  by  a  public  subscription  amounting  to 
si  (i. (MM  i.  Mr.  Cocke  acting  as  agent  during  vacation, 
and  giving  his  services  gratuitously.  After  Mr. 
llollins's  death  his  Avidow  continued  her  donations, 
the  whole  amount  from  the  Ilollins  family  being 
about.  Sly, 000.  With  this  assistance,  Prof.  Cocke 
managed  to  remove  all  the  old  buildings  of  the  in 
stitute,  which  at  this  time,  under  the  new  charter, 
assumed  the  name  of  ''  Ilollins  Institute,"  and  as 
such  had  perpetual  succession.  Handsome  build 
ings  were  erected  adapted  to  the  wants  of  a  school 
for  young  ladies,  and  the  institution  placed  upon  a 
new  and  higher  career  of  usefulness.  The  exer 
cises  were  continued  throughout  the  long  and  weary 
years  of  the  war,  with  an  overflowing  patronage, 
being  the  only  institution  in  the  State  that  pre 
served  its  organization  during  that  terrible  period 
of  conflict  and  blood.  Subsequent  to  the  war  the 
Virginia  patronage  diminished  in  consequence  of 
the  universal  financial  distress,  but  this  loss  was 
more  than  repaired  by  patronage  from  other  States. 
Prof.  Cocke' s  accomplished  wife  and  daughters  have 
been  most  efficient  co-laborers  with  him  in  giving 
success  to  all  departments  of  the  institute,  and  they 
are  highly  appreciated  by  the  public.  The  course 
of  instruction  is  thorough  and  complete,  and  its 
certificates  and  diplomas  are  eagerly  sought  for. 
There  are  in  the  institute  seven  schools, —  1.  The 
English  Language  and  Literature  ;  2.  Ancient 
Languages  and  Literature;  3.  Modern  Languages 
and  Literature :  4.  Mathematics  ;  5.  Xatural  Sci 
ence:  ().  Mental  and  Moral  Science;  7.  History. 
These  schools  constitute  the  collegiate  department, 
besides  which  there  is  a  normal  department  and 
an  ornamental  department.  The  faculty  embraces 
fourteen  experienced  instructors. 

Hollis  Family,  The.— Vice  is  often  hereditary, 
and  benevolence  frequently  descends  from  father 
to  son  ;  it  remained  in  the  Hollis  family  for  gener 
ations,  and  we  trust  that  it  nourishes  among  the 
descendants  of  such  worthy  forefathers  to-day. 

Thomas  Ilollis  was  for  more  than  sixty  years  a 


member  of  the  church  in  Pinner's  Hall,  London. 
lie  was  a  man  of  unbounded  liberality  to  benevo 
lent  and  religious  enterprises.  Like  many  other 
persons  who  give  away  great  sums,  he  systemat 
ically  subjected  his  personal  expenditures  to  the 
most  rigid  economy,  that  he  might  make  larger 
donations  to  cherished  objects.  lie  died  in  Sep 
tember,  17  IS. 

His  son  Thomas  was  baptized  in  10SO,  when  he 
was  twenty  years  of  age,  and  in  gifts  to  sustain  and 
extend  education  and  religion  he  was  the  most  prom 
inent  man  of  his  day.  lie  was  a  sagacious  and  suc 
cessful  merchant  of  London,  who  traded  and  toiled 
to  make  money  that  his  resources  might  assist  every 
noble  cause. 

lie  sent  over  a  library  of  valuable  theological 
books  to  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association. 
which  for  many  years  was  exceedingly  useful  to 
our  fathers  in  the  ministry.  "The  Assembly's 
Annotations  on  the  Scriptures."  a  commentary  in 
two  folio  volumes,  now  in  possession  of  the  Amer 
ican  Baptist  Historical  Society,  is  supposed  to  have 
been  one  of  the  works  given  to  the  first  Baptist  As 
sociation  in  America.  It  bears  his  name,  evidently 
in  his  own  handwriting,  and  the  date  1721. 

Thomas  and  his  brother  John  gave  the  Baptist 
church  of  Boston,  Mass.,  £135  for  repairing  their 
meeting-house.  Thomas  Ilollis  founded  a  professor 
ship  of  Theology  in  Harvard  University,  with  a  sal 
ary  of  £80  per  annum,  and  an  "  exhibition"  of  CIO 
each  per  annum  to  ten  scholars  of  good  character, 
four  of  whom  should  be  Baptists,  if  there  were  such 
persons  there,  and  £10  a  year  to  the  college  treas 
urer  for  his  trouble,  and  £10  more  to  supply  acci 
dental  losses  or  to  increase  the  number  of  students. 
According  to  the  charter,  at  the  time  Mr.  Ilollis 
made  these  gifts  to  Harvard  the  ministers  of  Boston 
(Congregational)  were  part  of  the  overseers  of  the 
college,  and  when  Mr.  Ilollis  proposed  the  Rev. 
Elisha  Callender.  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of 
Boston,  as  a  fit  person  to  have  a  seat  in  the  board 
of  overseers,  Mr.  Callender  was  refused  the  position, 
evidently  because  he  was  a  Baptist.  Isaac  Backus 
irives  this  statement  without  expressing  any  doubt 
of  its  correctness,  and  he  names  his  authority. 

Six  years  after  his  first  donation  he  founded  a 
professorship  of  Mathematics  and  Experimental 
Philosophy  in  Harvard,  with  a  salary  of  £W  a 
year,  and  he  gave  an  apparatus  for  the  professor 
which  cost  about  £150.  and  he  sent  books  for  the 
library.  Until  that  time,  no  man,  according  to 
Isaac  Backus,  who  examined  the  records,  had  been 
so  liberal  to  Harvard  as  this  eminent  Baptist.  Mr. 
Ilollis  died  in  1731.  Prof.  Wigglesworth.  in  a  dis 
course  which  he  published  on  the  death  of  Mr. 
Ilollis.  says,  "  By  his  frequent  and  ample  benefac 
tions,  for  the  encouragement  of  theological  as  well 
as  human  knowledge  among  us,  who  are  Christians 


HOLLIS 


535 


HOLM  AN 


of  a  different  denomination  from  himself,  he  hath 
set  such  an  example  of  generous,  catholic,  and 
Christian  spirit  as  hath  never  before  fallen  within 
my  observation,  nor,  as  far  as  I  now  remember, 
within  my  reading."  We  had  no  college  in  Amer 
ica  at  this  period,  and  like  a  true  Baptist,  Mr. 
Hollis  showed  himself  the  friend  of  light. 

The  donations  of  this  family  of  Baptists  continued 
to  enrich  Harvard  for  nearly  a  century,  and  ex 
ceeded  .£6000.  If  the  money  was  properly  in 
vested,  it  must  to-day  be  worth  many  times  more 
than  §30,01)0. 

We  know  nothing  of  the  way  by  which  these 
funds  for  Baptist  students  have  been  appropriated; 
for  the  honor  of  old  Harvard  we  trust  that  the 
requisite  number  of  Baptist  students  have  regu 
larly  received  the  £10  per  annum  which  Mr.  Ilollis 
left  them.  But  we  fear  if  the  godly  Calvinist, 
Thomas  Ilollis,  heard  the  divinity  taught  in  Har 
vard  now  he  would  bitterly  regret  his  well-meant 
generosity.  In  a  letter  to  Elder  Wheaton,  of 
Swanzey,  Thomas  Ilollis  writes:  ''God.  that  hath 
shined  into  our  hearts  by  his  gospel,  can  lead  your 
sleeping  Sabbatarians  from  the  Sinai  covenant  and 
the  law  of  ceremonies  into  the  light  of  the  new 
covenant  and  the  grace  thereof.  I  pity  to  see  pro 
fessors  drawing  back  to  the  law,  and  desire  to  re 
member  that  our  standing  is  by  grace." 

Hollis,  Rev.  J.  A.,  was  a  native  of  South  Caro 
lina,  but  of  English  parentage.  lie  was  born  in 
1824.  He  graduated  at  Georgetown  College,  and 
subsequently  entered  the  ministry  in  Mississippi. 
He  removed  to  Missouri  in  1844,  and  resided  in 

'  | 

that  State  till  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1S70.  Ho 
was  pastor  of  several  churches,  arid  became  presi 
dent  of  Stephen  Female  College,  at  Columbia,  in 
1865,  and  held  the  office  till  his  decease,  lie  was 
a  man  of  learning  and  ability,  of  eminent  piety  and 
noble  characteristics,  possessing  a  rare  talent  for 
the  instruction  of  the  young.  He  ended  a  labori 
ous  and  useful  life  without  a  stain  upon  his  memory. 
The  institution,  the  church,  and  the  community 
felt  his  loss  deeply.  His  name  will  long  live  in 
the  hearts  of  thousands. 

Holman,  Deacon  James  Sanders,  a  prominent 
and  influential  Baptist,  died  in  Polk  Co.,  Oregon, 
Jan.  14,  1SSO.  He  was  born  in  Tennessee,  Nov. 
28,  1813;  he  moved  to  Oregon  in  1847.  He  was 
baptized  at  Turnedge,  Mo.,  at  sixteen,  and  was  for 
many  years  a  deacon  of  that  church.  He  was  the 
first  president  of  the  Oregon  Baptist  Education 
Society,  and  a  charter-member  of  McMinnville 
College.  He  was  sheriff  of  Polk  County  several 
terms,  and  served  two  years  in  the  Oregon  Legisla 
ture.  He  carried  his  religion  into  public  life,  was 
honored  by  all,  and  spoken  of  by  men  as  "  the 
peace-maker."  He  was  one  of  the  first  to  plant  the 
Baptist  banner  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  was  faith 


ful  to  God  and  his  country  until  death  called  him 
to  his  rest. 

Holman,  Judge  Jesse  L.,  was  born  in  Mercer 
Co.,  Ky.,   Oct.  2-2,   1783.     lie   learned   his   letters 
while  very  young,  and  in  his  childhood  was  a  daily 
reader  of  the  Bible.     He  recollected  a  sermon  that 
he  heard  when  he  was  only   four  years  old.     He 
joined  the  Clear  Creek  Baptist  church  in  his  seven 
teenth  year.     After  completing  his  studies  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  New  Castle,  and  afterwards 
practised  in  Frankfort.     He,  like  his  father,  was  an 
emancipationist,  and  he  decided  to  remove  north 
across  the  Ohio,  and  accordingly,  in  1811.  he  passed 
over  the  river,  and  settled  on  a  romantic  bluff  that 
he  called  Yerdestan,  and  this  was  his  home  for  the 
remainder  of  his  life.     When  he  removed  to  Yerde 
stan  the  whole  country  was  a  wilderness,  and  In- 
;  dians  were  roaming  everywhere.     At  the  time  of 
his  removal  to  Indiana  he  received  from  Gov.  Har 
rison  commissions  for  district  attorney  of  the  State 
for   the   counties   of  Dearborn  and  Jefferson.     In 
1814  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre 
sentatives  of  the   Territorial  Legislature,  and  was 
chosen  president  by  a  unanimous  vote.     Near  the 
close  of  the  same  year  he  was  appointed  the  pre- 
;  siding  judge  of  the  district  in  which  he  lived,  and 
in   1816,  under  the  State  government,  he  was  ap 
pointed   presiding  judge  in  the  second  and    third 
districts,  and  in  the  same  year  was  chosen  one  of 
the  electors  of  the  President  and  Yice-President  of 
the  United  States.     In  December,  1816,  he  was  ap 
pointed  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State, 
which  office  he  filled  with  great  acceptance  for  four 
teen  years.     In    1831   he  was  a  candidate  for  the 
United  States  Senate,  and  was  defeated  by  one  vote. 
In  1835  he  received  the  appointment  of  judge  of  the 
United  States  district  for  Indiana,  which  office  he 
filled  with  singular  ability  till  his  death.     He  was 
a   constituent    member    of   the    Laughery  church. 
He   also  aided   in  gathering    the   Aurora   church, 
and  was   a  liberal  giver  to  all  worthy  causes.     In 
1834  he   was    ordained,  and   thus   entered   upon  a 
work  that  his  soul  longed  to  engage  in.     So  unsul 
lied  was  his  public  as  well   as  his  private  life  that 
men  were  always  glad  to  hear  him  preach.     While 
traveling   the  judicial    circuit  it  was   no  unusual 
thing  for  him  to  address  his  fellow-citizens  on  Bible 
operations,  missions,  Sabbath-schools,  general  edu 
cation,  and  temperance.     So  consistent  and  earnest 
was  his  life  that  there  seemed  no  incongruity,  but 
rather  a  singular   harmony    in    his  two  offices  of 
judge  and  minister.     He  was  a  leader  in  the  organ 
ization  of  a  Sabbath-school  association  in  his  own 
county.     He  took  particular  interest  in  the  distri 
bution  of  religious  books  and  tracts.      He  was  for 
many  years  vice-president  of  the  American  Sunday- 
School  Union,  and  was  president  of  the  Western 
Baptist  Publication  and  Sunday-School  Society. 


HOLM  AN 


536 


HOLME 


Mr.  Dolman  was  ;i  warm  and  consistent  friend 
of  missions.  Indeed,  it  may  be  said  that  in  that 
time,  when  the  gifts  to  missions  were  small  in  In 
diana,  a  circuit  of  churches,  of  which  Aurora  may 
be  said  to  be  the  centre,  was  the  headquarters  for 
missions.  During  the  agency  both  of  I>r.  Bennett 
and  Dr.  Stevens,  this  portion  of  the  State  was  al 
ways  represented  in  donations.  The  Ilolmans,  the 
Ferrises,  the  Hinckleys,  the  Dows.  and  others  never 
refused  or  neglected  to  give.  Judge  llolman  was 
for  five  years  president  of  the  Indiana  State  Con-  j 
vention.  He  was  also  from  the  first  a  member  of 
the  Indiana  Baptist  Education  Society,  and  during 
several  years  was  president  of  the  board  of  trustees. 
His  constitution  was  naturally  feeble,  and  an  attack 
of  pleurisy  caused  his  death,  March  28,  1S42.  He 
knew  that  he  must  die,  and  expressed  perfect  con 
fidence  in  the  pardon  and  love  and  power  of  the 
Master. 

Holman,  Rev.  John  W.,  M.D.,  was  born  in 

Canaan,  Me.,  in  1805;  converted  in  1818;  studied 
at  Waterville;  ordained  in  1824  in  the  Christian 
denomination  ;  preached  in  Eastern  Maine,  New 
Brunswick,  Philadelphia,  and  Boston  ;  in  latter  city 
joined  the  Free-Will  Baptists,  and  preached  fifteen 
years ;  united  with  the  regular  Baptists  at  Mystic 
River,  Conn.  ;  settled  with  First  Baptist  church  in 
Norwich,  Conn.,  and  with  various  churches  in  New 
York  and  Maine,  with  Franklin  church,  Mass.,  and 
finally  with  Third  Baptist  church  in  North  Stoning- 
ton,  Conn. ;  in  forty-nine  years  preached  over  5000 
sermons  and  organized  11  churches;  was  withal  a 
poet,  a  painter,  and  a  physician  ;  a  man  of  rare 
talents  and  great  labor ;  left  some  interesting  poet 
ical  and  excgetical  papers  ;  while  pastor  in  North 
Stonington  was  prostrated  by  sickness,  and  died 
May  16,  1873,  aged  sixty-eight  years.  All  his  four 
sons  are  Baptist  ministers. 

Holman,  Russell,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Warwick, 
Mass.,  Aug.  14,  1812.  The  instruction  and  integ 
rity  of  his  parents  gave  him  those  virtues  which 
made  him  a  pure,  conscientious  man  in  after-life. 
lie  graduated  at  Brown  University.  He  removed 
to  Kentucky  in  1831),  and  became  pastor  of  two 
churches  in  Green  County.  Weak  in  body,  he 
served  there  till  1842.  He  was  ordained  July  29, 
1S40.  He  performed  missionary  work  in  addition 
to  his  pastoral  labor  in  these  two  churches. 

In  1842  he  went  to  New  Orleans,  and  finding  no 
Baptist  church  there,  with  great  zeal,  and  against 
much  opposition,  he  established  what  is  now  called 
the  Coliseum  Baptist  church  of  New  Orleans.  In 
1845  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the  Home  Mission 
department  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention. 
His  skill  and  energy  made  the  board  efficient  in 
home  mission  work.  In  1851  he  retired  from  this 
office  from  ill  health,  and  left  the  work  in  the 
height  of  its  prosperity.  He  became  pastor  till 


1850,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  secretaryship,  and 
held  the  office  till  1862.  Ill  health  caused  him 
again  to  resign.  During  the  war  he  tenderly  min 
istered  to  the  sick  and  wounded,  and  preached  the 
"•osnel  to  them.  Afterwards  he  was  sent  to  collect 

t"1         1 

the  scattered  flock  of  the  Coliseum  church  in  New 
Orleans.  lie  succeeded  in  re-establishing  the 
church  six  months  after  beginning  his  efforts.  In 
1867  he  went  to  Illinois,  and  labored  there  and  in 
Kentucky  and  Missouri  till  1876,  when  a  severe 
stroke  of  paralysis  put  an  end  to  his  active  toils. 
His  zeal  and  heart  kept  warm  for  the  cause,  and 
lie  patiently  submitted  to  his  lot.  Says  Dr.  Win. 
II.  Mclntosh,  "  As  a  preacher  Dr.  llolman  was  in 
structive,  sometimes  eloquent.  He  accepted  the 
doctrines  of  grace,  and  enforced  them  upon  the 
consciences  of  his  hearers.  His  life  was  in  con 
stant  conformity  to  the  rule  and  spirit  of  the  gos 
pel.  His  heart  was  tender  to  all.  In  his  family 
he  was  loving  and  true."  His  last  days  were  spent 
in  Miami  and  Marshall,  Mo.  On  Dec.  2,  1879.  he 
went  to  his  eternal  rest  after  a  few  hours  of  illness. 

Holman,  Judge  William  S.,  son  of  Hon.  J.  L. 

llolman,  was  born  in  Verdestan  (now  Aurora), 
Ind.,  Sept.  6,  1822.  He  had  the  advantages  of  the 
common  schools  and  a  partial  course  at  Franklin 
College.  Soon  after  he  left  college  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Legislature.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
constitutional  convention  in  1850.  He  was  elected 
judge  of  the  Common  Pleas,  and  served  from  1S52 
to  1856.  He  was  elected  to  the  Thirty-sixth  Con 
gress,  and  made  chairman  of  Revolutionary  Claims. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  Thirty-seventh  and 
Thirty-eighth,  and  served  with  marked  ability. 
His  untiring  care  for  the  expenses  of  the  govern 
ment  has  given  him  among  the  people  the  sobriquet 
"watch-dog  of  the  treasury."  He  was  elected 
again  to  the  Fortieth  Congress.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Aurora  Baptist  church.  He  occupies  the 
home  of  his  father, — a  beautiful  spot  on  one  of  the 
hills  on  the  Ohio  River.  No  man  has  been  so  uni 
formly  popular  in  his  district  as  Mr.  llolman. 

Holme,  Deacon  George  W.,  was  a  constituent 

member  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Holmesburg.  and 
for  thirty  years  one  of  its  deacons.  After  a  life 
of  great  usefulness,  he  died  July  9,  1864,  in  his 
seventy-sixth  year,  in  the  house  in  which  he  was 
born. 

Holme,  Judge  John,  was  one  of  the  early 
settlers  in  Pennsylvania.  He  is  supposed  tb  have 
been  the  first  Baptist,  of  any  prominence  at  least, 
in  the  colony.  Mr.  Holme  appears  in  the  affairs 
of  the  colony  in  1685-86.  Whether  he  arrived  in 
the  country  at  this  time,  or  earlier,  is  uncertain. 

Mr.  Holme  is  said  to  have  been  a  native  of 
Somersetshire,  England,  on  what  authority  it  is 
not  known.  He  does  not  seem  to  have  been  a  rela 
tive  of  Thomas  Holme,  the  surveyor-general,  as 


HOLME 


537 


HOLME 


Thomas  Holme,  in  one  of  his  letters,  addresses 
him  as  "  namesake''  merely.  John  Holme  brought 
with  him  to  this  country  four  sons, — John,  Samuel, 
Ebenezer,  and  Benjamin.  He  came  hither  by 
way  of  the  Barbadoes,  where  he  resided  some  time, 
and  was  engaged  in  sugar-planting.  That  Mr. 
Holme  was  a  man  of  wealth  and  social  standing 
appears  from  many  circumstances.  It  was  he  who 
gave  one-half  of  the  lot  on  which  the  First  Baptist 
meeting-house  was  erected,  on  Second  Street  near 
Arch  Street.  His  name  appears  with  that  of  Gov. 
Markham,  and  two  or  three  men  of  prominence  in 
the  colony,  to  a  petition  to  the  council  to  put  the 
colony  in  a  state  of  defense  against  the  hostile  In 
dians,  who,  at  the  instigation  of  the  French,  were 
threatening  it  during  the  French  and  English  war. 
His  name  is  also  found  next  to  that  of  the  mayor 
of  the  city  as  signer  of  a  petition  relative  to  "  the 
cove  at  Blue  Anchor, — that  it  should  be  laid  out  for 
a  convenient  harbor,  to  secure  shipping  against  ice 
or  other  danger  of  the  winter,  and  that  no  person 
for  private  gains  or  interests  may  incommode  the 
public  utility  of  a  whole  city.'' 

John  Holme  was  appointed  justice  in  the  County 
Court  in  1690 ;  and  he  represented  the  city  of 
Philadelphia  in  the  Assembly  of  1692. 

He  married  as  his  second  wife,  Mary,  the  widow 
of  Nicholas  More,  the  first  chief  justice  of  the 
colony,  and  president  of  the  "  Free  Society  of 
Traders  of  Pennsylvania."  Chief-Justice  More 
was  a  man  of  great  legal  acquirements  and  general 
learning.  The  closest  friendship  existed  between 
him  and  John  Holme.  At  the  death  of  Judge 
More,  Mr.  Holme  was  made  the  executor  of  his 
estate  and  the  guardian  of  his  children.  There  is 
reason  to  believe  that  they  had  been  acquainted 
before  they  came  to  this  country,  and  if  so.  it  would 
seem  that  they  both  came  from  Bristol. 

That  John  Holme  was  himself  a  man  of  more 
than  ordinary  culture  appears  from  his  library, 
which  for  an  emigrant  at  that  time  was  certainly 
remarkably  large  and  well  selected.  It  must  have 
contained  several  hundred  volumes.  In  his  will 
John  Holme  bequeaths  to  his  eldest  son,  John, 
several  large  folios,— Wilson's  "  Christian  Diction 
ary,"  Ilaak's  "Dutch  Annotations,"  and  New 
man's  "  Concordance."  Besides  these,  there  are  still 
in  possession  of  his  descendants  many  books  of 
great  value  that  he  owned,  among  which  are  Bax 
ter's  "Theology,"  Bunyan's  works,  a  Baptist  Con 
fession  of  Faith  (London,  1652),  and  the  writings  of 
many  stalwart  old  Baptist  worthies,  such  as  "  The 
Pulpit  Guard  Routed,  by  Thomas  Collier,  London, 
1652;"  "  The  Foundations  of  the  Font  Discovered, 
by  Henry  Haggar,  London,  1G53  ;"  "  The  Storm 
ing  of  Antichrist  in  his  Strongest  Garrisons,  Com 
pulsion  of  Conscience  and  Infant  Baptism,  by 
Ch.  Blackwood.  Printed  Anno  1644.  Being  one 
35 


of  those  //cars  wherein  Antichrist  threatened  the 
storming  of  the  churches;''  "An  Appeal  for  the 
Use  of  the  Gospel  Ordinances,  by  Henry  Lawrence. 
Esq.,"  and  the  more  generally  known  works  of 
Hanserd  Knollys  and  Benjamin  Keath.  Together 
with  these  are  some  controversial  works  of  a  more 
general  character,  such  as  "The  Three  Confor 
mities,  or  the  Harmony  and  Agreement  of  the 
Romish  Church  with  Gentileism.  Judaism,  and  the 
Ancient  Heresies,  by  Francis  De  Croy  G.  Arth. 
London,  1620:"  "A  Large  Examination  taken  at 
Lambeth,  according  to  His  Maiesties  direction. 

i 

taken  point  by  point  of  31.  George  Blakwell, 
made  Archbishop  of  England  by  Pope  Clement  8, 
itc.  Imprinted  at  London  by  Robert  Barker, 
Printer  to  the  Kings  Most  Excellent  Maiestie, 
1607  ;"  "  Triplieinodo,  triplix  cuneus,  or  an 
Apologie  for  the  Oath  of  Allegiance.  &c.  Im 
printed  at  London  by  Robert  Barker,  Printer  to 
the  Kings  Most  Excellent  Maiestie.  1609."  This 
book  is  supposed  to  have  been  written  by  King 
James  himself.  Among  the  general  philosophical 
works  in  Mr.  Holme's  library  are  Bacon's  "Es 
says,"  and  among  the  devotional  are  works  of 
Thomas  Brooks.  Thomas  Vincent,  and  Thos.  Doo- 
kitol.  and  others.  But  what  is  still  more  remark 
able  is  that  a  copy  of  Milton's  "  Paradise  Lost"  is 
found  among  the  books  that  belonged  to  him.  Un 
fortunately  the  title-page  of  this  book  is  gone,  but 
it  is  undoubtedly  among  the  earliest  editions  of  the 
poems. 

If  the  character  of  John  Holme  may  be  judged 
of  from  his  books,  he  was  a  man  of  very  much  more 
than  ordinary  culture,  for  in  the  library  of  very  few 
emigrants,  in  the  seventeenth  century  certainly,  were 
found  the  works  of  Lord  Bacon,  Baxter,  Bunyan, 
and  Milton.  The  writings  of  the  last  two  mentioned 
were  at  that  time  scarcely  known  over  half  of  Eng 
land.  No  Macaulay  had  yet  appeared  to  set  forth 
their  merits.  We  have  from  the  pen  of  John 
Holme  himself,  in  verse,  a  manuscript  of  some  20 
pages  (published  in  1848,  in  the  Bulletin  of  the  His 
torical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  vol.  i.  No.  13),  en 
titled  "  True  Relation  of  the  Flourishing  State  of 
Pennsylvania.""  This  is  probably  the  first  metrical 
composition  written  in  the  State,  arid  though  worth 
little  as  poetry,  it  is  valuable  historically,  as  one 
of  the  earliest  and  most  extended  and  accurate  ac 
counts  of  the  condition  of  the  colony  ;  and  as  in  it 
he  avows  himself  a  Baptist,  it  is  a  creditable  testi 
mony  of  an  impartial  witness  to  the  general  good 
government  of  the  Quakers,  and  shows  great  fore 
sight  of  the  natural  resources  and  coming  greatness 
of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

But  the  incident  which  has  given   most  interest 

*Tho  original  manuscript  of  this  work  is  lost.  It  was  loaned 
l>y  the  family  at  Hohncslnirp;  to  a  gentleman  for  oxhil.ition  to 
the  Pennsylvania  Historical  Society,  and  has  never  been  returned. 


HOL.VK 


538 


and  historic  importance  to  -John  Holme  is  that  lie  : 
wus  one  of  the  judges  that  presided  at  the  trials  of 
George  Keith,  William  Bradford,  and  others,  which 
may  be  considered  the  causes  cclcbre  of  the  ad 
ministration  of  William  Perm,  and  so  serious  in 
their  consequences  to  Penn  in  England  and  here,  as 
to  occasion  for  a  time  the  loss  of  the  governorship 
to  the  proprietary.  Of  the  eight  judges  that  sat 
upon  the  bench  at  these  trials,  six  were  Quakers, 
Lacey  Cock,  a  Lutheran,  and  John  Holme,  a  Bap 
tist.  George  Keith,  who  was  a  man  of  great  ability, 
and  previous  standing  and  influence  among  the 
Quakers,  was  charged  with  defaming  the  character 
of  Thomas  Lloyd,  the  president  of  the  council,  in 
phrases,  such  as  calling  him  an  "  impudent  rascal," 
and  saying  "  that  his  memory  would  stink,"  etc., 
of  tending  to  encourage  sedition  and  breach  of  the 
peace  by  his  comments  on  the  arrest  of  Babbit,  a 
pirate,  and  also  of  aiming  a  blow  at  the  proprie 
tary's  government.  Judge  Holme  dissented  from 
the  majority  of  the  bench  on  these  charges,  and 
boldly  expressed  his  views,  and  was  tacitly  sus 
tained  in  them  by  Judge  Cock.  Mr.  Holme  main 
tained  that  the  whole  affair  was  essentially  a  re 
ligious  dispute,  pertaining  to  matters  of  doctrine 
and  practice  among  the  Quakers,  and  was  not  fit  to 
be  adjudicated  by  a  civil  tribunal ;  that  the  arraign 
ment  was  in  effect  a  religions  persecution,  and 
without  justification  in  a  colony  that  proclaimed 
religious  liberty.  He  especially  maintained  that 
the  exceptions  of  Keith  to  the  jury,  as  prejudiced 
and  not  impartial,  ought  to  be  admitted.  But  in 
this  also  he  was  overruled  by  the  majority  of  the 
bench.  In  the  trial  of  William  Bradford  he  was 
a<Tain  a  dissentient.  Mr.  Bradford  was  the  first 

r? 

printer  in  the  colony,  and  was  arraigned  for  unlaw 
fully  printing  the  appeals  and  attacks  of  George 
Keith  upon  the  Quakers.  And  a  tailor  was  also  put 
on  trial  for  posting  one  of  Mr.  Keith's  protests  in 
his  shop.  In  all  these  matters  Judge  Holme  per 
sistently  dissented  from  the  majority  of  the  bench, 
and  it  is  said  actually  resigned  his  office  rather 
than  seem  to  be  made  a  party  in  any  degree  to  what 
he  regarded  a  case  of  religious  persecution,  and  of 
the  infringement  of  the  liberty  of  the  press. 

It  is  flattering  to  our  denominational  pride,  that 
if  you  meet  a  Baptist  you  will  find  a  friend  both  of 
religious  liberty  and  the  freedom  of  the  press.  It 
is  not  too  much  to  say  that  in  the  person  of  Judge 
Holme,  who  stands  as  both  the  pioneer  and  the 
representative  of  the  Baptists  in  this  country, 
south  of  Rhode  Island,  is  found  a  man  of  the 
broadest  views,  of  a  far-sighted  state  policy,  of 
courage  and  patriotism  and  piety,  a  champion  of 
religious  liberty,  even  against  the  encroachments 
of  the  Quakers  themselves,  and  the  first  fearless 
advocate  of  the  freedom  of  the  press,  in  his  defense 
of  William  Bradford,  the  first  printer  of  the  colony. 


Judge  Holme  removed  in  the  latter  part  of  his 
life  to  Salem,  N.  J.,  where  lie  was  again  made  a 
judge,  which  office  he  retained  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  in  1703.  He  was  one  of  the  constituent 
members  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Salem,  and  often 
exercised  his  gifts  in  religious  meetings,  but  was 
at  no  time  a  minister.  Many  of  the  descendants 
of  Benjamin  Holme,  his  youngest  son,  still  reside 
at  Salem  and  in  the  vicinity. 

His  eldest  son,  John  Holme,  settled  at  Penny- 
pack  Mill,  and  his  lineal  descendants  live  in  the 
very  same  town  to  this  day.  Every  one.  in  line, 
having  adhered  strictly  to  the  religious  faith  prac 
tised  by  their  great  Baptist  progenitor. 

Holme,  John    Stanford,  D.D.,  was  born  in 

Ilolmesburg,  now  a  part  of  the  city  of  Philadel 
phia,  March  4,  1822.  His  ancestors  came  to  Amer 
ica  from  England  in  1683,  and  purchased  lands 
from  William  Penn.  John  Holme  was  a  magistrate 
under  Penn,  but  resigned  by  reason  of  what  he 
deemed  the  intolerance  of  his  Quaker  associates. 
An  ancestor  named  Rev.  Abel  Morgan  was  one  of 
the  earlier  writers  in  defense  of  Baptist  doctrines 
in  the  colonies,  as  appears  by  a  volume  which  was 
published  by  Benjamin  Franklin  in  1747. 

He  prepared  for  college  at  New  Hampton,  N.  II. 
lie  studied  law  in  Philadelphia,  but  desiring  to 
enter  the  ministry  he  graduated  at  Madison 
University  in  1850,  and  was  first  settled  over  the 
Baptist  church  in  Watertown,  N.  Y.  Four  years 
afterwards  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  Pierpont  Street 
Baptist  church,  Brooklyn,  one  of  the  most  impor 
tant  churches  in  the  denomination.  He  labored 
there  ten  years  with  marked  success.  He  then  de 
voted  two  years  to  literary  pursuits.  Afterwards 
he  organized  the  Trinity  Baptist  church,  corner  of 
Third  Avenue  and  Fifty-second  Street. 

Of  his  ancestors  above  mentioned,  John  Holme 
was  the  first  Baptist  of  Philadelphia.  Abel  Morgan 
was  from  Wales,  a  talented  minister,  highly  edu 
cated.  He  was  the  author  of  the  first  Welsh  con 
cordance  ever  printed. 

Dr.  Holme  has  a  large  library  of  choice  and  rare 
books,  and  is  an  enthusiastic  student  of  history  and 
of  sacred  learning. 

While  pastor  of  Pierpont  Street,  he  adapted  the 
Plymouth  collection  of  hymns  for  the  nse  of  Bap 
tist  churches,  which  had  a  wide  circulation.  He 
also  compiled  a  work  entitled  "  Light  at  Evening 
Time,"  published  by  the  Harpers.  It  is  a  collection 
of  rare  spiritual  gems  for  the  comfort  of  aged 
Christians.  So  great  is  the  demand  for  it  that 
already  eight  editions  of  it  have  been  printed.  He 
has  recently  organized  the  River-Side  Baptist 
church,  on  the  corner  of  Eighty-sixth  Street  and 
the  Boulevard,  in  New  York,  of  which  he  is  pastor, 
and  it  gives  promise  of  being  a  strong  church. 
Holmes,  Rev.  Obadiah,  was  born  at  Preston, 


HOLMES 


539 


HOLMKX 


Lancashire.  England,  about  1606,  and  came  to  this 
country,  as  is  supposed,  about  1639.     His  religious 
connections  were  with  the  Congregationalists.    At 
first,  in  Salem,  Mass.,  from  which  lie  removed  to  Re- 
hoboth,  where  for  eleven  years  more  he  continued 
in  the  church  of  his  early  choice.     lie  there  became 
a  Baptist,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  church   in 
Xewport,   11.  I.     In  the  month  of  July,   1651,   in 
company  with  Dr.  John  Clarke  and  Mr.  Crandall, 
he  made  a  visit  to  William  Witter,  a  Baptist,  who 
resided  at  Lynn,  Mass.,  about  twelve  miles   from 
Boston.     The  day  after  their  arrival  being  the  Sab 
bath,  they  arranged  to  have  a  religious  service    at 
the  house  of  their  host.     In  the  midst  of  the  dis 
course  which  Dr.  Clarke  was  preaching  two  con 
stables   presented   to  him  the  following  warrant : 
"  By  virtue  hereof,  you  are  required  to  go  to  the 
house  of  William  Witter,  and  to  search  from  house 
to   house    for    certain    erroneous    persons,    being 
strangers,  and  them  to  apprehend,  and  in  safe  cus 
tody  to   keep,   and    to-morrow   morning   at    eight 
o'clock  to  bring  before  me.    Robert  Bridges."     The 
three  '•  erroneous  persons,  being  strangers,"  were 
at  once  arrested  and  carried,  first  to  i(  the  ale-house 
or  ordinary,"  and  then  forced  to  attend  the  meet 
ing  of  the  day.     At  the  close  of  the  meeting  they 
were  carried  back  to  the  "  ordinary."      The  next 
morning    they   were    taken    before    Mr.    Bridges, 
who  made  out  their  mittimus,  and  sent   them  to 
prison  at  Boston.     Having  remained   a  fortnight 
there,  they  were  brought  before  the   Court  of  As 
sistants  for   trial,  which  sentenced  Dr.  Clarke  to 
pay  a  fine  of  twenty  pounds,  Mr.  Holmes  thirty 
pounds,  and  Mr.  Crandall  five  pounds,  and  in  de 
fault  of  payment  they  were  to  be  publicly  whipped. 
Unknown  to  Mr.  Clarke  some  one  paid  his  fine, 
and  Mr.  Crandall  was  released   on  promise  that 
he  would  appear  at  the  next  court.     Mr.  Holmes 
was   kept  in    prison  until    September,    when,   his 
fine  not  having  been   paid,   he   was  brought  out 
and  publicly  whipped.     Mr.   Holmes    says,    "As 
the  strokes  fell  upon  me   I   had   such  a  spiritual 
manifestation  of  God's  presence  as  the  like  thereof 
I  never  had  nor  felt,  nor   can  with  fleshly  tongue 
express ;    and  the   outward    pain  was  so  removed 
from  me  that  indeed  I  am  not  able  to  declare  it  to  < 
you  ;  it  was  so  easy  to  me  that  I  could  well  bear  it. 
yea,  and  in  a  manner  felt  it  not,  although  it  was 
grievous,  as  the  spectators  said,  the  man  striking 
with  all  his  strength  (yea,  spitting  in  his  hand  three 
times,  as  many  affirmed)  with  a  three-corded  whip, 
giving  me  therewith  thirty  strokes." — (Backus,  i. 
194.  Newton.)  Such  was  the  charity  of  New  England 
Congregationalists  of  that  day.    Gov.  Joseph  Jenks  ' 
has  left  on  record  the  following  :   "  Mr.  Holmes  was 
whipped  thirty  stripes,  and  in  such  an  unmerciful 
manner  that  in  many  days,  if  not  some  weeks,  he 
could  take  no  rest,  but  as  he  lay  upon  his  knees  and  j 


elbows,  not  being  able  to  suffer  any  part  of  his  body 
to  touch  the  bed  whereon  he  lay." 

Mr.  Holmes  soon  after  removed  to  Newport.  In 
1652  he  Avas  ordained  to  preach  the  gospel,  and 
took  Dr.  Clarke's  place  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  in  Newport.  He  died  in  1682.  He  left 
eight  children,  one  of  whom,  Obadiah,  was  a  judge 
in  New  Jerse}r. 

Holmes,  Rev.  0.  A.,  was  born  in  New  Wood 
stock,  Madison  Co.,  X.  Y.,  in  1825;  joined  the 
Baptist  church  in  his  native  town  when  sixteen 
years  of  age.  He  was  ordained  pastor  in  La  Fay- 
ette,  0.,  when  twenty-three.  Five  years  after  his 
ordination  he  came  to  Iowa,  and  has  labored  in  the 
State  as  pastor  for  twenty-seven  years,-^at  Maquo- 
keta,  Webster  City,  Marshalltown,  and  Tama  City. 
While  at  Webster  City,  which  was  entirely  a  new 
field,  he  also  organized  a  church  at  Boonsborough 
and  one  at  Iowa  Falls,  supplying  them  until  they 
became  strong  enough  to  secure  pastors.  His  labors 
were  extended  through  a  wide  range  of  country, 
and  the  results  were  marked  and  lasting.  Mr. 
Holmes  has  given  to  the  Baptist  cause  and  to 
every  good  work  in  Iowa  many  years  of  efficient 
service.  While  faithful  in  his  own  field  as  pastor 
and  preacher,  he  has  contributed  largely,  by  earnest 
labor,  hearty  co-operation,  and  wise  counsel,  to  all 
the  good  results  which  have  been  accomplished  by 
the  Iowa  Baptists  in  their  general  work. 

Holmes,   Willet,    was   born   May   14,   1807,  in 


WILLET    HOLMES. 


Shelby  Co.,  Ky.  •  was  converted  in  1847,  baptized 
by  H.  L.  Graves,  and  has  been  a  deacon  ever  since  ; 


HOME  MISSION 


540 


HOME  MISSION 


was  one  of  the  three  hundred  colonists  who,  under 
Moses  Austin's  grant  from  Mexico,  settled  the 
province  of  Texas;  was  twice  a  member  of  the 
Congress  of  the  republic  of  Texas,  twice  a  magis 
trate,  once  a  county  commissioner,  postmaster 
under  the  republic,  and  postmaster  under  Abra 
ham  Lincoln.  His  time,  his  talents,  and  his  money 
have  always  been  freely  given  to  the  church,  the 
cause  of  missions,  and  as  a  trustee  to  Baylor  Uni 
versity. 

Home  Mission  Society,  The  American  Bap 
tist,  and  other  Home  Missions.— in  the  early 

history  of  the  Baptists  in  this  country  most  of  our 
pastors  were  home  missionaries.  It  was  a  common 
custom  for  the  settled  shepherd  of  one  flock  to  make 
a  tour  through  several  counties  in  his  own  colony 
or  State,  or  through  other  colonies  or  States,  preach 
ing  the  gospel  almost  every  night  in  barns,  private 
houses,  school-rooms,  or  public  halls.  Months  were 
spent  frequently  in  this  apostolic  occupation.  And 
many  churches  were  founded  and  hosts  of  souls 
converted  bv  these  gratuitous  labors  of  our  saintly 
fathers  in  the  faith.  All  the  original  colonies  were 
frequently  traversed  by  this  almost  extinct  order 
of  heaven-blessed  home  missionaries.  Churches 
and  Associations  often  rendered  assistance  in  this 
form  of  home  mission  service.  And  nowhere  on 
earth  in  any  period  of  Christian  history  has  Jesus 
had  nobler  missionaries  among  their  countrymen, 
or  grander  results,  than  those  furnished  by  the  Bap 
tist  pioneers  of  the  maritime  provinces  of  Canada 
and  of  the  country  now  called  the  United  States. 

In  the  year  1800  the  Boston  Female  Society  for 
Missionary  Purposes  was  formed.  It  had  at  first 
only  fourteen  members,  and  of  these  some  were 
Baptists  and  some  Congregationalists.  In  its  first 
year  it  raised  $150  for  home  missions.  This  is  said 
to  have  been  the  first  society  established  in  this 
country  of  a  purely  missionary  character.  It 
should  not  be  forgotten  when  we  award  honors  to 
the  benefactors  of  their  race,  that  women  formed 
the  first  distinctively  missionary  organization  in 
America. 

Two  years  later  the  Massachusetts  Domestic  Mis 
sionary  Society  was  founded.  Among  its  first  officers 
were  Dr.  Thomas  Baldwin,  Dr.  Daniel  Sharp,  and 
Ileman  Lincoln.  Its  field  included  Massachusetts, 
Maine.  Western  and  Southern  New  York,  Penn 
sylvania,  Virginia,  Missouri,  Ohio,  and  Lower 
Canada.  Among  the  numerous  missionaries  of 
this  society  were  John  M.  Peck,  James  E.  Welch, 
and  Nathaniel  Kendrick. 

In  1807  the  Lake  Missionary  Society  was  organ 
ized  in  Pompey,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.  Its  proposed 
field  was  the  region  of  country  adjacent  to  the  lakes. 
Ashbel  Ilosmer  was  its  first  president  and  Elisha 
Payne  its  secretary.  Among  its  early  missionaries 
were  John  Peck  and  Alfred  Bennett, — men  whose 


names   are  still   held   in  reverence  for  the  divine 
power  that  attended  their  ministrations. 

In  1822  the  Baptist  Missionary  Convention  of  the 
State  of  New  York  was  formed,  and  in  1825  the 
two  New  York  organizations  united,  and  in  a  few 
years  the  society  had  an  income  of  §17,000,  and 
missionaries  in  the  Middle  States,  in  some  of  the 
Western  States,  and  in  Canada. 

The  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  was 
formed  in  Ne\v  York,  April  27,  1832.  Ileman 
Lincoln  was  its  first  president,  Jonathan  Going  its 
corresponding  secretary,  William  R.  Williams  its 
recording  secretary,  and  William  Colgate  its  treas 
urer.  Men  mighty  with  God  established  one  of 
the  greatest  agencies  to  spread  the  gospel  that  ever 
blessed  any  land.  The  Home  Mission  Society  in 
1880  had  285  missionaries  and  teachers,  and,  ac 
cording  to  Dr.  Morehouse,  its  secretary,  an  income 
of  §213,821  ;  and  deducting  §48,369.70  for  loans 
repaid  to  the  church  edifice  and  trust  funds,  its  re 
maining  receipts  from  other  sources  were  §165,- 
452.11.  Its  missionaries  during  that  year  baptized 
1160  persons,  founded  67  churches,  and  organized 
32  Sunday-schools.  From  its  report  in  1880  we 
learn  that  since  its  formation  the  society  has  com 
missioned  8301  missionaries  and  teachers,  formed 
2704  churches,  and  through  its  agents  baptized 
84,077  disciples.  Many  of  the  largest  churches  in 
the  great  cities  of  the  West  are  the  fruits  of  its 
wise  efforts. 

The  church  edifice  fund,  now  amounting  to 
§255,679,  in  1880  was  aiding  by  loans  213 
churches  in  34  States  and  Territories.  The  Home 
Mission  Society  in  1880  had  eight  institutions  for 
the  education  of  colored  teachers  and  ministers. 
The  Richmond  Institute,  located  at  Richmond,  Va., 
has  5  instructors,  92  students,  61  of  whom  are  can 
didates  for  the  ministry,  and  a  property  valued  in 
1871  at  §30,000  at  least.  Wayland  Seminary, 
located  at  Washington.  D.  C.,  has  7  instructors,  92 
students,  36  young  men  preparing  for  the  ministry, 
and  a  property  worth  $40,000.  The  Benedict  Insti 
tute,  located  at  Columbia,  S.  C.,  has  6  instructors, 
150  students,  50  of  whom  intend  to  preach  the 
gospel,  and  a  property  valued  at  §43,700,  with  an 
endowment  of  §18.700.  The  Nashville  Institute, 
of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  has  8  instructors,  231  students, 
55  of  whom  are  preparing  for  the  ministry,  and  a 
property  worth  §80.000.  Shaw  University,  of 
Raleigh,  N.  C.,  has  15  instructors,  277  students, 
59  of  whom  intend  to  preach,  and  a  property  worth 
$125,000,  with  an  endowment  of  §1000.  The  At 
lanta  Baptist  Seminary,  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  has  4  in 
structors,  100  students,  60  of  whom  are  candidates 
for  the  pulpit,  and  a  property  worth  §12,000.  Leland 
University,  at  New  Orleans,  has  5  instructors,  148 
students,  41  of  whom  expect  to  enter  the  ministry, 
and  a  property  worth  §85,000,  with  an  endowment 


HOVE  MISSION 


541 


HOME  MISSION 


of  810,000.  The  Natchez  Seminary,  of  Natchez, 
Miss.,  has  a  property  worth  $15,000;  4  instructors 
and  120  students,  31  of  whom  are  studying  for  the 
ministry.  The  Home  Mission  Society  in  these 
eight  institutions  lias  property  worth  8430,700, 
and  endowments  amounting  to  $38,700;  54  teachers 
labor  in  them.  1572  young  men  and  women  pursue 
their  studies  in  them,  of  whom  393  are  qualifying 
themselves  to  preach  Jesus.  In  these  colored  col 
leges  the  society  is  working  gloriously  for  the  sal 
vation  and  education  of  our  African  millions.  In 
the  records  of  organized  missionary  effort  fe\v  soci 
eties  can  show  such  a  blessed  series  of  successes 
and  so  grand  a  list  of  instrumentalities. 

But  Ave  have  other  home  missionary  organiza 
tions.  The  American  Baptist  Publication,  Society 
in  1SSO  had  35  colporteur  and  28  Sunday-school 
missionaries,  with  an  income  for  all  benevolent 
purposes  of  $08,321.  The  Home  Mission  Board  of 
the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  had  34  mission 
aries  and  an  income  of  820.624.  The  Women's 
and  the  Women's  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Societies  had  21  missionaries.  From  the  >;  Year- 
Book, "  and  from  direct  communications  with 
brethren  in  various  States,  after  making  allowance 
for  the  union  between  the  Home  Mission  Society 
and  State  organizations  in  the  West,  and  for  a  sim 
ilar  connection  between  the  Home  Mission  Board 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  and  kindred 
institutions  in  the  South,  we  learn  that  the  number 
of  men  receiving  aid  from  State  organizations  to 
assist  them  in  preaching  the  gospel  in  the  United 
States  is  at  least  766,  and  that  the  income  of  these 
State  societies  is  8150,190.  Many  Baptist  Associ 
ations  and  individual  churches  support  additional 
missionaries. 

This  would  give  us  a  grand  total  of  1169  mis 
sionaries  and  teachers  (missionary  teachers  in  col 
ored  seminaries  in  the  South),  sustained  by  national 
and  State  organizations  at  an  annual  expense  of 
8413,619. 

Dr.  G.  W.  Anderson,  of  Philadelphia,  in  a  care- 
Cully  prepared  pamphlet,  states  that  during  the  last 
fifty  years  (down  to  1876),  "  nearly  six  millions  of 
dollars  had  been  raised  by  the  Baptists  of  the  United 
States  for  home  mission  work.''  The  live  years 
that  have  elapsed  since  would  add  more  than  two 
millions  to  that  amount.  For  this  liberality,  and 
for  the  thousands  of  churches  that  have  sprung 
from  it,  and  from  God's  blessing  upon  it,  millions 
of  souls  will  praise  Christ  throughout  all  eternity. 
See  articles  on  SOUTHERN'  BAPTIST  CONVENTION, 
AMERICAN-  BAPTIST  PUHMCATION  SOCIETY,  and  the 
various  State  Conventions  and  General  Associations. 

Home  Mission  Societies,  The  Women's. — 
The  organization  and  success  of  the  Women's  Bap 
tist  Missionary  Societies  for  heathen  lands  drew  the 
attention  of  Baptist  ladies  to  the  advantages  to  be 


secured  by  a  similar  agency  for  the  necessities  of 
the  borne  field.  The  appeals  of  the  devoted  Miss 
J.  P.  Moore,  in  Xew  Orleans,  for  help  in  prosecu 
ting  her  mission  among  the  colored  people,  and 
similar  calls  from  other  sections,  together  with  the 
very  able  advocacy  of  the  evangelization  of  the 
heathen  Indians  by  Major  G.  W.  Ingalls,  led  to  the 
formation  of  the  ''Women's  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society,"  which  took  place  Feb.  1,  1877.  Subse 
quently  the  Women's  American  Baptist  Home  Mis 
sion  Society  was  organized  in  Boston. 

At  first  the  Chicago  Society  adopted  a  constitu 
tion  which  placed  it  in  close  relations  with  the 
great  Home  Mission  Society  of  the  Northern  Bap 
tists,  but  six  months  later  the  constitution  was 
changed  and  the  institution  became  independent, 
with  the  avowed  purpose  of  being  a  vigorous  ally 
to  the  old  society  in  its  vast  field,  and  of  carrying 
on,  according  to  its  ability,  the  general  home  mis 
sion  work. 

The  distinctive  aim  of  the  society  is  to  perform 
women's  work,  through  its  missionaries,  for  women 
and  children  in  the  degraded  homes  of  our  country, 
especially  among  the  colored  people,  the  Indians, 
and  the  teeming  foreign  population  of  the  West. 
"  The  (missionary)  women  visit  from  house  to  house, 
reading  the  Bible  and  familiarly  teaching  its  truths 
to  all  who  will  listen."  "They  organize  Sunday- 
schools,  training  the  teachers  for  their  work  in 
teachers'  meetings  and  Bible  readings."  They 
give  lessons  in  cleanliness,  industry,  temperance, 
and  purity. 

At  a  meeting  held  in  New  York,  Jan.  14,  1880, 
to  secure  union  in  labors  between  the  Chicago  and 
the  Boston  societies,  it  was 

"  Itesolced,  That  the  two  societies  should  retain 
their  separate  existence;  that  the  society  located 
at  Boston  shall  have  New  England  for  its  territory, 
and  that  each  society  shall  prosecute  the  work  em 
braced  in  its  constitution  :  that  the  missionaries 
appointed  by  the  society  located  at  Boston  shall  be 
commissioned  by  the  society  at  Chicago  and  their 
salaries  paid  through  its  treasury  ;  and  that  all 
missionary  supplies  shall  be  reported  to  the  society 
at  Chicago." 

It  was  also  resolved  among  other  things  that 
"  Each  society  shall  hold  its  own  annual  meeting, 
and  that  a  yearly  anniversary  of  the  two  societies 
shall  be  held  at  such  time  and  place  as  may  be 
agreed  upon  by  their  respective  boards."  These 
arrangements  have  been  fully  carried  out,  and 
harmony  and  success  have  marked  the  combined 
efforts  of  the  two  societies. 

The  Woman's  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  of 
Michigan  and  the  Woman's  State  Board  of  Min 
nesota  are  earnestly  toiling  in  the  same  glorious 
service. 

The  first  home  missionary  society  in  the  United 


JlOI'KfXS 


States  was  formed  in  .Huston  in  1800  by  ladies,  and 
it  is  a  proper  cause  Cor  thanksgiving  that  they  have 
resumed  the  work  once  more,  determined  not  to 
relinquish  it  while  there  is  an  unconverted  woman 
or  ehild  within  the  broad,  limits  of  our  mighty  re 
public. 

The  receipts  of  the  societies  at  Boston  and  Chi 
cago  in  1SSO  were  S9098.66  in  cash,  and  S2601.X] 
in  goods  and  donations  to  missionaries  and  pastors 
on  the  frontier. 

Twenty-one  missionaries  have  labored  under  the 
auspices  of  the  two  societies  during  JS80. 

Hooper,  Win.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  the  ripest 
scholar  North  Carolina  has  yet  produced.  He  was 


tt'M.    HOOPER,   D.D.,    LL.D. 

a  grandson  of  Win.  Hooper  who  signed  the  Dec 
laration  of  Independence  for  North  Carolina,  and 
was  born  near  "Wilmington  in  1792;  graduated  at 
Chapel  Hill  about  1812,  read  theology  at  Prince 
ton,  N.  J.,  and  was  elected  Professor  of  Ancient 
Languages  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina  at 
Chapel  Hill  in  181d.  In  1818  he  entered  the  min 
istry  of  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  was  for  two  years 
rector  of  St.  John's  church  in  Fayetteville,  when,  be 
cause  of  a  change  of  views  on  baptism,  he  resigned 
his  position  as  pastor,  and  again  became  connected 
Avith  the  university  as  Professor  of  Rhetoric.  In 
1829  he  was  transferred  to  his  old  chair  of  Ancient 
Languages.  lie  was  baptized  in  1831  by  Rev.  P. 
W.  Dowd  into  the  fellowship  of  Mount  Carmel 
church,  Orange  Co.  In  1838  he  removed  to  South 
Carolina,  and  taught  theology  for  two  years  in  Fur- 
man  Institute,  when  he  became  for  six  years  Pro 


fessor  of  Ancient  Languages  in  South  Carolina 
College,  at  Columbia,  but  was  recalled  to  North 
Carolina  to  become  the  president  of  Wake  Forest 
College  in  1840.  The  financial  embarrassments  of 
the  college  discouraged  him.  and  he  did  not  remain 
in  this  position  long.  In  1852  he  settled  as  pastor 
in  Newhern;  in  1855  became  president  of  Chowan 
Female  Institute;  retired  from  this  position  in 
1862;  he  taught  school  in  Fayetteville  for  several 
vears,  and  in  181)7  became  co-principal  with  his 
son-in-law.  Prof.  I)e  B.  Hooper,  at  Wilson,  N.  C. 

A  very  important  event  in  the  history  of  l>r. 
Hooper  was  the  killing  of  a  young  lady,  his  cousin, 
by  the  accidental  discharge  of  a  neglected  gun, 
while  playing  with  the  children  in  his  uncle's 
family.  His  whole  life  seemed  from  this  circum 
stance  to  have  been  tinged  with  melancholy.  The 
year  before  he  died  he  addressed  a  letter  to  Prof. 
Hooper,  while  living  in  the  same  house  with  him, 
expressing  the  sadness  that  still  weighed  down  his 
spirits  as  he  looked  into  the  years  that  were  passed. 
He  died  at  Chapel  Hill,  where  so  much  of  his  life 
had  been  spent,  Aug.  19,  1876.  and  if  he  had  lived 
eleven  days  more  would  have  been  eighty-four. 
His  remains  were  fittingly  laid  by  the  side  of  Dr. 
•Joseph  Caldwell,  the  founder  of  the  college,  in  the 
campus  of  the  State  University  at  Chapel  Hill. 

It  may  well  be  questioned  whether  any  man  has 
lived  in  the  South,  or  for  that  matter  in  America, 
who  wrote  better  English  than  Dr.  Hooper,  and  it 
is  greatly  to  be  regretted  he  died  without  issuing 
from  the  press  a  few  volumes  of  his  sermons  or 
some  other  work  by  which  future  generations 
might  have  been  certified  of  the  lowly  piety,  ex 
quisite  taste,  sparkling  wit,  and  rich  stores  of 
learning  of  this  great  and  good  man. 

Hooten,  Rev.  Enoch  M.,  was  born  in  Henry 
Co.,  Ga.,  June  30,  1837.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he 
joined  the  Presbyteria'ns,  but  in  1865  changed  his 
religious  views  and  united  with  the  Baptists.  On 
the  7th  of  November,  1866,  he  was  ordained,  and 
since  then  has  served  various  Baptist  churches  in 
.Middle  Georgia,  baptizing  about  40  persons  each 
year.  For  some  years  he  taught  school,  and  for 
j  several  sessions  was  clerk  of  the  Flint  River  Asso 
ciation.  Mr.  Ilooten  is  a  good  pastor,  a  very  clear 
and  forcible  preacher,  and  a  graceful  speaker,  lie 
enjoys  the  full  confidence  and  esteem  of  all  who 
know  him. 

Hopkins,  Rev.  Charles  J.,  was  the  child  of 
Quaker  parents.  He  was  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  April  2,  1800.  Converted  in  early  life,  he  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  Dr.  Holcombe,  and  received  into 
the  First  church,  Philadelphia,  in  October,  1818. 
He  was  ordained  at  the  First  church,  Camden. 
N.  J.,  in  1824.  From  May,  1829,  to  April,  1835, 
he  was  pastor  of  the  church  at  Salem,  N.  J.  Then 
for  five  years  he  served  the  church  at  Bridgeton. 


HOPPER 


HORNBERGER 


In  the  fall  of  1843  he  took  the  pastorate  of  Bethesda 
church,  New  York  City.  In  October,  1859,  he  be 
came  pastor  of  the  Salem  church,  which  was  his 
last  charge.  lie  died  in  Salem,  July  14,  1803. 
Mr.  Hopkins  was  a  good,  faithful,  earnest  minister 
of  the  gospel.  His  beaming  countenance,  ready 
wit,  musical  voice,  and  enthusiastic  manner  at 
tracted  attention,  lie  was  an  ardent  temperance 
man,  and  was  in  great  demand  as  a  speaker  upon 
that  subject. 

Hopper,  A.  M.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Long  Branch, 
A.  •].,  Jan.  12,  1822  ;  received  his  university  educa 
tion  at  Madison  ;  ordained  pastor  of  Academy  Street 
church,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  in  the  autumn  of  1850  ; 
took  charge  of  the  First  church  of  Charlestown, 
Mass.,  in  1855.  He  was  also  pastor  in  Auburn. 
N.  Y.,  in  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  and  in  Scran  ton.  Pa. 
In  1870  Madison  University  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.  In  1872,  Dr.  Hopper 
had  baptized  more  than  500  candidates.  lie  is  a 
genial,  godly,  and  able  minister  of  the  Saviour. 

Hopps,  Herman  K.,  one  of  the  most  interesting 
and  promising  of  the  early  graduates  from  the  Uni 
versity  of  Chicago,  was  drowned  at  Newport  Beach, 
11.  I.,  Aug.  1,  1873,  while  bathing.  He  was  con 
verted  while  a  boy,  and  during  his  student  course 
was  remarkable  not  only  for  scholarly  diligence 
and  success,  but  also  for  his  genial  Christian  spirit. 
He  graduated  in  the  class  of  1870,  and  immedi 
ately  entered  the  Rochester  Theological  Seminary. 
Spending  a  little  time,  however,  with  the  church  in 
Batavia,  III.,  his  preaching  awakened  so  much  in 
terest  that  he  found  it  his  duty  to  remain  for  a 
year,  in  which  time  70  were  added  to  the  church. 
He  then  entered  the  middle  class  at  Newton.  At 
the  time  of  his  death  he  was  preaching  for  the 
church  at  Lynn,  Mass.,  where  a  promising  work 
was  already  in  progress.  His  remains  were  taken 
to  Lamoille,  111.,  where  his  home  had  been,  and 
where  his  parents  still  reside. 

Hornady,  Rev.  Henry  Carr,  of  Atlanta,  Ca., 
is  one  of  the  most  distinguished  and  influential 
ministers  of  the  State.  Born  Feb.  22,  1822,  in 
Jones  County,  he  has  spent  all  his  life  and  exerted 
all  his  energies  within  his  native  State.  He  en 
joyed  excellent  academical  advantages  and  availed 
himself  of  them  fully,  until  his  twentieth  year. 
Converted  in  1843  and  ordained  in  1848,  he  be 
came  pastor  of  the  Americus  church,  where  he 
remained  eight  years.  Since  that  time  he  has  oc 
cupied  various  responsible  positions  in  the  denomi 
nation,  as  agent  for  Mercer  University,  editor  of  the 
Cherokee  Baptist,  and  the  pastor  of  various  churches. 
He  is  now  pastor  of  the  Third  Baptist  church,  in 
Atlanta.  He  is  a  Baptist  in  the  strictest  sense  of 
the  term,  and  consequently  is  a  devoted  Christian  ; 
he  is  a  good  pastor,  and  an  earnest,  tender,  pathetic, 
and  faithful  preacher. 


Hornberger,  Rev.  Lewis  P.,  was  born  in  the 
city  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  25, 1841.  He  was  con 
verted  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and  baptized  one  year 
after  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Olivet  Baptist 


REV.    LEWIS    1'.   HOKNBKHGER. 

church,  Philadelphia,  by  Rev.  N.  B.  Baldwin,  Oct. 
4,  1857.  On  the  14th  of  October,  1858,  he  entered 
Madison  University  as  a  student  for  the  gospel 
ministry,  and  graduated  Aug.  2,  1865.  On  the  1st 
of  July  preceding  he  accepted  the  unanimous  call 
of  the  Spring  Garden  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia. 
He  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  first  charge  Aug. 
20,  1865. 

The  church  had  been  for  some  time  without  a 
pastor.  It  had  a  membership  of  279  and  a  debt  of 
87000.  The  young  pastor  entered  with  ardent  zeal 
and  vigorous  faith  upon  his  work.  The  church 
rallied  nobly  under  the  new  leadership,  and  soon 
gave  evidence  of  rapid  and  vigorous  growth. 

Mr.  Ilornberger  remained  with  the  Spring  Gar 
den  church  six  years  and  nine  months.  During 
this  period  it  was  blessed  with  uninterrupted  har 
mony  and  prosperity.  The  house  was  thoroughly 
repaired,  the  debt  was  paid,  and  629  persons  added 
to  the  membership,  415  of  whom  were  baptized,  190 
came  by  letter,  16  by  experience,  and  8  by  restor 
ation.  Mr.  Ilornberger  had  a  very  pleasant  trip  to 
Europe  during  the  summer  of  1870.  The  mem 
bership  and  congregation  having  increased  beyond 
the  capacity  of  the  house  of  worship,  and  the  di 
mensions  of  the  lot  rendering  an  enlargement  of  it 
impossible,  the  project  of  a  removal  was  seriously 
considered,  but  was  afterwards  dismissed  as  im- 


HORNKlt 


544 


HOSKINSON 


practicable.  Mr.  Horn  horror  was  finally  induced, 
at  the  solicitation  of  many  members  of  his  church, 
as  well  as  of  a  number  of  influential  members  of 
other  churches,  to  undertake  the  establishment  of  a 
new  church  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  city. 
Accordingly,  in  the  early  part  of  the  year  1X72,  he 
retired  front  the  pastorate  of  the  Spring  (iarden 
church,  and,  with  a  constituency  of  257  persons,  ISO 
of  whom  were  dismissed  from  the  Spring  Garden 
church  1'ir  the  purpose,  he  organized,  March  2X, 
1X72,  the  Gethsemanc  Baptist  church.  A  lot  was 
immediately  secured  at  the  northwest  corner  of 
Eighteenth  and  Columbia  Avenue,  and  the  work 
of  building  begun.  It  progressed  rapidly,  and 
the  house  was  completed  and  dedicated  April  30, 
1874.  The  entire  cost  of  the  house  and  lot,  with  the 
furniture,  was  §100.000.  The  edifice  is  of  brown- 
stone,  substantially  built,  and  handsomely  fur 
nished.  It  has  a  lecture-room  which  will  comfort 
ably  seat  400  persons,  and  an  audience-room  seating 
about  1000.  At  the  present  date,  18SO,  the  mem 
bership  is  Of)!',  and  the  usual  congregations  are 
among  the  largest  in  the  city.  The  Bible-school 
numbers  DXX,  with  an  average  attendance  of  700. 

As  a  preacher,  Mr.  llorubcrger  is  eminently 
earnest  and  practical,  sound  in  doctrine,  clear  in 
his  statements  of  gospel  truths,  and  uncomprom 
ising  in  their  advocacy.  He  is  a  fluent,  ready,  and 
graceful  speaker,  equally  good  in  extemporizing  or 
reading. 

As  a  pastor,  he  has  unusual  influence  and  power. 
Easily  accessible  and  courteous,  he  is  loved  and  re 
spected  by  his  people.  He  possesses  a  warm  and 
sympathizing  heart,  and  is  ever  a  most  welcome 
visitor  in  the  homes  of  the  sick  and  the  sorrowing. 
His  guiding  hand  is  manifest  in  all  the  important 
movements  of  the  church,  and  the  almost  unexam 
pled  success  that  has  marked  his  career  as  a  pastor 
is  perhaps  owing  to  a  happy  combination  of  quali 
ties,  shared  in  part  by  all,  but  not  often  so  sym 
metrically  united  in  one. 

His  church  edifice  is  out  of  debt.  Mr.  Horn- 
berger  is  one  of  the  most  useful  ministers  that  ever 
labored  in  Philadelphia,  and  his  talents  and  piety 
deserve  the  rich  harvests  he  lias  garnered. 

Homer,  Rev.  T.  J.,  was  born  in  Orange  Co., 
X.  ('..  Nov.  23.  1X23  :  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Joseph 
King  in  1X55;  was  educated  at  the  famous  Bing- 
ham  Academy,  of  Hillsborough  ;  ordained  at  Mount 
Zion  church.  Granville  Co.,  Rev.  Joseph  King  and 
his  son,  Rev.  Thomas  King,  forming  the  Presbytery, 
and  has  been  pastor  of  this  church  for  eighteen 
years.  Mr.  Homer  has  served  other  churches  in 
Granville  and  Person  Counties,  and  has  taught  for 
thirty-five  years.  He  is  now  the  senior  principal 
of  a  flourishing  academy  at  Henderson,  N.  C. 

Horton,  Hon.  Albert' C.,  was  born  about  1X00, 
in  Georgia;  removed  to  Green  Co.,  Ala. ;  engaged 


in  farming  and  became  wealthy  ;  served  in  the 
Senate  of  Alabama ;  removing  to  Texas  in  1835; 
commanded  a  company  of  cavalry,  the  advance- 
guard  of  Col.  Fannin,  whose  force;  was  savagely 
massacred  at  Goliad  ;  narrowly  escaping  the  same 
fate,  his  command  being  cut  oil'  from  the  main 
force.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  Congress  of 
the  republic,  with  Houston,  Rusk,  (! rimes,  and 
Lester.  He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
formed  the  constitution  of  Texas  as  a  State,  and 
was  elected  the  first  lieutenant-governor,  and  during 
the  absence  of  Gov.  J.  Pinckney  Henderson,  who 
commanded  the  Texas  troops  during  the  war  be 
tween  the  United  States  and  Mexico,  in  1X40.  he 
filled  the  chair  of  governor  for  several  months  with 
signal  honor.  The  latter  part  of  his  life  Avas  spent 
in  managing  his  large  estate  in  Wharton  and  Mata- 
gorda  Counties,  dispensing  a  liberal  hospitality  to 
all  classes,  taking  a  deep  interest  in  the  religious 
welfare  of  his  numerous  slaves.  Joining  the  Bap 
tist  church  in  his  early  days,  he  was  to  the  end  of  his 
life  a  consistent,  zealous,  liberal,  and  active  Chris 
tian.  As  a  member  of  the  body  that  formed  the 
Texas  Baptist  State  Convention,  and  as  a  trustee 
of  Baylor  University,  his  counsels  and  services 
will  live  as  a  heritage  of  blessings  to  education,  and 
to  the  denomination  of  which  he  was  so  honored  a 
member.  He  died  in  1XG5. 

Hoskinson,  Thomas  J.,  was  born  at  Waynes- 
burg,  Greene  Co.,   Pa.,  May  14,    1X21  ;   was   bap- 


TIIOMAS  J.  HOSKINSON. 


tized  in  1855,  by  Rev.  Thomas  R.  Taylor,  into  the 
fellowship  of  the   Sandusky  Street  church,  Alle- 


HOTCHKTRR 


545 


HOUSTON 


ghany  City,  Pa.  In  1871  ho  removed  to  Philadel 
phia,  where  he  still  remains  an  esteemed  member 
of  the  Memorial  church. 

In  early  life  ho  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits, 
and  subsequently  associated  himself  with  others  in 
the  manufacture  of  iron.  His  enterprise  and  in 
tegrity  enabled  him  to  prosper  abundantly,  and 
others  reaped  the  advantage  of  his  benefactions. 
He  has  been  long  and  prominently  identified  with 
the  educational  and  missionary  work  of  the  de 
nomination,  and  is  widely  known  as  a  wise  coun 
selor  and  careful  manager.  As  a  trustee  of  the 
university  at  Lewisburg,  and  president  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education  Society,  he  has 
especially  aimed  to  advance  and  exalt  the  educa 
tion  of  young  men  for  the  gospel  ministry.  Mr. 
Iloskinson  is  one  of  the  leading  Baptists  of  Penn 
sylvania;  and  he  is  known  and  honored  by  his 
brethren  throughout  the  State. 

HotchklSS,  V.  R.,  D.D.,  was  born  June  5,  1815. 
in  Spafford,  Onondaga  Co.,  X.  Y. ;  was  educated  in 
Madison  University  ;  has  been  pastor  in  Poultncy, 
Vt.,  in  Rochester,  X.  Y.,  in  Fall  lliver,  Mass.,  in 
Buffalo,  X.  Y.,  from  1849  to  1854,  and  from  1805 
to  the  present  time.  1880.  lie  was  a  professor  in 
Rochester  Theological  Seminary  from  JS54  to  1865. 
Dr.  Hotchkiss  is  one  of  the  strongest  men  in  our 
denomination  in  the  Empire  State.  Madison  gave 
him  his  doctorate  of  divinity. 

Hough,  Rev.  Silas,  M.D.,  was  born  in  Bucks 
€o.,  Pa.,  Feb.  8,  1760.  He  was  thirty  years  of 
age  before  he  exercised  saving  faith  in  the  blessed 
Redeemer.  lie  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Montgomery  church,  in  his  native  county, 
May  8,  17%.  Dr.  Hough  was  possessed  of  more 
than  ordinary  gifts  for  the  ministry,  and  in  June, 
1804,  he  was  ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Montgomery 
church,  which  he  served  till  December,  1821  ;  eigh 
teen  months  after  his  resignation,  his  spirit  entered 
the  heavenly  rest. 

Dr.  Hough  left  SI 000  to  the  Philadelphia  Asso 
ciation,  the  interest  of  which  is  to  be  appropriated 
forever  to  the  support  of  the  widows  of  Baptist 
ministers.  He  was  the  first  man  to  start  this  fund. 
Dr.  Hough  had  a  strong  faith,  an  undying  zeal, 
and  a  blameless  life. 

Hougham,  John  S.,  LL.D.,  a  native  of  Indiana, 
graduated  in  Wabash  College  in  1846.  In  July, 
1848,  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Mathematics  and 
Natural  Philosophy  in  Franklin  College.  He  was 
after  a  short  time  transferred  to  the  chair  of  Chem 
istry  and  Related  Sciences.  He  built  up  an  excel 
lent  laboratory,  and.  in  addition  to  his  teaching, 
established  and  superintended  the  manufacture  of 
chemical  and  philosophical  apparatus.  He  was 
also  of  great  service  to  the  institution  by  the  aid 
he  gave  in  its  financial  management.  lie  is  ac 
knowledged  to  be  a  man  of  great  practical  ability. 


He  made  some  original  investigations  in  respect  to 
the  influence  of  mercury  upon  the  body.  He  re 
signed  in  1862,  and  several  months  later  accepted 
a  professorship  in  the  Kansas  Agricultural  College. 
He  accepted  a  professorship  in  the  Indiana  Agri 
cultural  College,  and  was  appointed  to  superintend 
the  laying  out  of  the  grounds  and  the  structure  of 
the  buildings.  He  served  the  institution  several 
years,  and  finally  resigned  to  care  for  his  real  es 
tate  in  the  West.  His  home  is  in  La  Fayette. 

House,  Rev.  Horace  Lee,  one  of  the  youngest 
pastors  in  the  State,  a  native  of  Otselic.  X.  Y..  where 
he  was  born  in  1850,  was  graduated  from  Cornell 
University,  X'ew  York,  in  1874.  and  from  the  Theo 
logical  Seminary  in  1877  :  ordained  .June  27,  1877. 
Mr.  House's  first  pastorate  was  with  the  Fifth 
Avenue  Baptist  church  in  Minneapolis,  Minn., 
from  -June  1,  1877,  to  Feb.  1.  1880,  at  which  time 
he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Racine,  where  he  now  resides.  He  has  a  fine 
field  of  labor  and  one  of  the  best  churches  in  Wis 
consin. 

Houston,  Mrs.  Margaret  Moffette,  daughter 
of  Temple  and  Nancy  Lea,  was  born  in  Perry  Co., 
Ala..  April  11,  1819.  She  belonged  to  a  family  of 
marked  individuality.  Her  brother,  Hon.  II.  C. 
Lea,  was  a  distinguished  member  of  the  Alabama 
State  senate.  Her  education  was  mainly  received 
from  Prof.  J.  A.  McLain,  a  well-educated  Scotch 
Baptist.  She  possessed  poetical  talent,  which  she 
occasionally  exhibited  by  contributing  articles  for 
the  journals  of  the  day,  and  her  conversational 
powers  rendered  her  society  attractive.  Her  views 
of  Christian  truth  and  duty  were  in  full  accord  with 
the  gospel.  She  was  married  to  Gen.  Sam  Houston, 
in  April,  1840.  During  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Peter 
Crawford  at  Marion  she  was  converted  and  baptized. 
She  was  always  ready  to  contribute  of  her  means 
to  the  promotion  of  the  cause  of  Christ.  Eight 
children  survive  her, — Sam  Houston,  Jr.,  Mrs. 
Nannie  Morrow,  Mrs.  Mary  Morrow,  Mrs.  Maggie 
Williams,  Mrs.  Antoinette  P.  Bringhurst,  Andrew 
Jackson  Houston,  William  Rogers  Houston,  and 
Temple  Houston.  She  died  at  Independence,  Texas, 
Dec.  3,  1869.  The  following  lines  indicate  both  her 
Christian  spirit  and  poetical  gift: 

A   MOTHER'S   PRAYER. 

WRITTEN    WHILE    UNCERTAIN    AS    TO   THE   FATE    OF    HER    SON,    LIEUT. 
SAM    HOUSTON. 

0  Tliou  !  'neath  whose  omniscient  eye 

The  footsteps  of  the  wanderer  roam 
Far  from  his  own  loved  native  sky, 

Far  from  the  sacred  ties  of  home. 
A  captive  on  some  hostile  shore, 

Perchance  his  young  heart  pineth  now 
To  join  the  household  hand  once  more, 

That  'round  the  evening  altar  how  ; 
Or,  'mid  the  cannon's  roar  again 

And  gleam  of  clashing  steel,  perchance 


54r, 


IU)VKY 


Upon  the  bloody  battle-plain 

Hatli  met  the  deadly  foeman's  lance. 
J  cannot  tell  :  my  dim  eye  now 

His  wanderings  may  not  trace; 
Hut,  oli!  'tis  sweet  to  feel  and  know, 

Through  every  scene,  in  every  place. 


Tl 


Oi 


II 


y  glorious  oyo  doth  follow  him. 

In  toilsome  march,  'mid  prison  gloom, 


uitheri 


oil,  through  Northern  clin 
•annon's  dismal  boom, 


life  is  safe  beneath  thy  sight. 
As  though  a  mother's  love  could  soothe 
And  for  the  -weary  head  each  night 
With  tender  hand  his  pillow  smooth. 

Houston,  GOV.  Sam,  was  horn  near  Lexington. 
Rockbridge  Co..  Va.  ;  with  his  mother,  six  broth- 


COVEHNOK    .SAM   HOUSTON. 

ers,  and  three  sisters  he  removed  to  Elonnt  Co.. 
Tenn.,  when  ahout  twelve  years  old  ;  spent  some 
time  before  his  sixteenth  year  among  the  Chei'okee 
Indians;  entered  the  United  States  army  in  his 
nineteenth  year;  was  under  Gen.  Andrew  Jackson 
at  the  battle  of  Tohopeka,  against  the  Creek  In 
dians,  serving  as  ensign,  fighting  heroically,  and  re 
ceiving  two  wounds  from  rifle-balls  and  one  from 
a  barbed  arrow,  from  whose  effects  he  never  wholly 
recovered  ;  was  appointed  a  lieutenant,  and  sta 
tioned  a  while  at  Nashville  and  Xe\v  Orleans;  re 
signed  when  about  twenty  years  of  age  ;  studied 
law  at  Nashville,  Tenn..  for  about  six  months, 
under  lion.  -James  Trimble;  was  licensed  to  prac 
tise,  and  in  less  than  twelvemonths  afterwards  was 
elected  district  attorney  of  the  Davidson  circuit: 
settled  first  at  Lebanon,  and  served  as  district  at 
torney  one  year  at  Nashville  ;  resigned,  and  de 
voted  himself  to  the  practice  of  law,  until  1823. 


when  hardly  thirty  years  of  age,  he  was  elected  to 
Congress  without  opposition,  and  also,  in  1825, 
almost  bv  acclamation,  and  in  1S27  was  chosen 
governor  bv  12.000  majority  resigned  .Jan.  1, 
1S29,  three  months  after  his  first  marriage,  leav 
ing  his  wife,  because  she  declared  that  neither  at 
that  time  nor  at  their  marriage  did  he  have  her 
heart:  went  among  the  Cherokees,  and  remained 
three  years,  with  varying  incidents  of  great  politi 
cal  moment,  then  removed  to  Texas  ;  aided  in  form 
ing  its  first  constitution,  April,  1S33;  engaged  in 
vigorous  efforts  fur  the  liberation  of  Texas,  until  as 

o 

commander  of  the  Texan  army,  at  the  battle  of  San 
Jacinto,  April  21,  183G,  he  succeeded  in  securing 
the  freedom  of  the  republic.  At  the  battle  of  San 
Jacinto  he  received  another  wound.  President  of 
the  republic  from  1S3G-3S;  member  of  the  Texan 
Congress  from  18311-41  ;  President  of  the  republic 
from  January,  1S41. to  .January,  1S45;  Senator  from 
Texas,  in  the  United  States  Senate,  from  1845-57  ; 
governor  of  Texas  from  -January,  .1859,  to  March, 
1SOL;  died  .July,  1803.  at  lluntsville,  Walker  Co. 
Married  to  Miss  Maggie  Lea,  April.  1840;  lived 
scrupulously  devoted  to  morality,  and  his  wife's 
views  of  religious  truth,  until  he  was  converted. 
The  influence  of  his  Avife  over  his  later  life  was 
ever  cheerfully  and  gratefully  acknowledged  by 
him.  Was  bapti/ed  at  Independence,  Texas.  No 
vember,  1855,  by  llev.  Rnfus  C.  Burleson,  D.D. ; 
regularly  attended  upon  Dr.  Geo.  W.  Samson's 
ministrations  during  the  whole  of  his  senatorial 
career  at  Washington.  lie  took  an  active  share  in 
prayer-meetings,  at  Associations  and  Conventions 
when  present,  and  delivered  numerous  lectures 
during  the  latter  part  of  his  life  in  aid  of  temper 
ance.  As  a  soldier,  lawyer,  general,  President, 
Senator,  governor,  orator,  Christian,  he  was  one  of 
the  remarkable  men  of  the  nineteenth  century. 

Hovey,   Alvah,    D.D.,  LL.D.,  was   born    in 

Greene,  Chenango  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  5,  1S20.  In 
the  autumn  of  that  year  his  parents  returned  to 
their  native  place,  Thetford,  Vt.,  where  his  child 
hood  and  youth  were  passed,  the  summers  mostly 
on  a  farm  and  the  winters  in  a  district  school.  lie 
prepared  for  college  in  Brandon,  Vt.,  and  was 
graduated  from  Dartmouth  College  in  1844.  lie 
had  been  already  principal  of  an  academy  in  Derby, 
Vt..  two  years,  and  was  principal  of  the  academy 
at  New  London,  N.  II.,  one  year.  He  studied  at 
the  Newton  Theological  Institution  three  years,  and 
after  graduating  preached  one  year  in  New  Glouces 
ter,  Me.  Returning  to  Newton  in  the  autumn  of 
1849,  he  has  been  engaged  as  a  teacher  in  the  insti 
tution  from  that  time  to  the  present  (with  the  ex 
ception  of  ten  months  spent  in  Europe).  From 
1849  to  1855  he  was  tutor  in  Hebrew  ;  from  1853 
to  1855,  Professor  of  Church  History  ;  from  1855  to 
the  present  time,  Professor  of  Theology  and  Chris- 


HOWARD 


HOWARD 


tian  Ethics  ;  and  for  the  last  twelve  years  president 
of  the  institution.  Dr.  Hovey  has  contributed  a 
large  amount  of  matter  to  the  Christian  Review, 
the  Baptist  Quarterly,  the  Bibliotkcca  Sacra,  the 


AI.VAII    HOVEY,   D.D.,    I.L.n. 

Examiner  and  Chronicle,  the  Watrlnnan,  the  Stan 
dard,  and  other  papers.  He  is  the  author  of  the 
following  books :  "A  Memoir  of  the  Life  and 
Times  of  Rev.  Isaac  Backus,  A.M.."  1859;  "The 
State  of  the  Impenitent  Dead/'  1859;  ••  The  Mira 
cles  of  Christ  as  attested  by  the  Evangelists,"  1864  ; 
"  The  Scriptural  Law  of  Divorce,''  ISfiG  ;  '•  God 
with  us;  or  the  Person  and  State  of  Christ,''  1872; 
"  Religion  and  the  State,''  1876  ;  "  The  Doctrine  of 
the  Higher  Christian  Life,  compared  with  the  Scrip 
tures,"  1877  ;  ''Manual  of  Theology,"  1878.  Dr. 
Ilovey  has  published  several  unbound  discussions, 
as  "Close  Communion,"  ''State  of  Men  after 
Death,"  "  Semi-centennial  Discourse  at  Newton," 
etc.  Brown  University  conferred  on  him  the  de 
gree  of  D.I).,  and  Richmond  College  and  Denison 
University  that  of  LL.D.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  American  Bap 
tist  Missionary  Union  for  many  years. 

Howard,  Rev.  Amasa,  son  of  Amasa  Howard, 
was  born  in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  Sept.  9,  1832;  con 
verted  in  his  twelfth  year,  at  Slatersville,  R.  I.  : 
baptized  in  North  Uxbridge.  Mass.,  in  May,  1845; 
began  to  study  witli  his  brother,  Rev.  Johnson 
Howard,  pastor  of  Baptist  church  in  Dover,  N.  Y.  : 
was  at  the  academy  at  New  Ipswich,  N.  II.,  and  at 
Worcester  Academy,  Mass.  ;  colporteur  of  Ameri 
can  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  ;  connected  with 


academy  at  Sliellmrne  Falls  for  two  years  ;  entered 
Madison  University  ;  spent  two  years  with  a  mis 
sion  church  in  South  Boston,  Mass.  ;  became  city 
missionary  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  1857,  and  labored 
eight  years  ;  ordained  in  1801  ;  in  181)5  settled  with 
Wethersfield  church;  in  18(57  with  Third  Baptist 
church.  Providence,  R.  I.  ;  in  1870  returned  to 
Hartford,  Conn.,  and  became  pastor  of  the  newlv 
formed  Washington  Avenue  church  ;  resigned  in 
1877;  supplied  Bloomfield  and  other  churches  till 
health  failed;  in  June,  1879,  was  chosen  chaplain 
of  Connecticut  State  Prison,  where  he  is  now 
laboring. 

Howard  College,  located  at  Marion,  is  the  Bap 
tist  male  college  of  Alabama.  It  was  founded  in 
1843.  Prof.  S.  S.  Sherman,  Rev.  II.  Talbird,  D.D., 
Rev.  J.  L.  M.  Curry,  LL.D.,  Rev.  S.  R.  Freeman. 
D.D.,  and  Prof.  J.  T.  Murfce,  LL.D.,  have  been 
presidents  of  this  institution.  Its  buildings  and 
grounds  are  estimated  to  be  worth  $150.000.  And 
before  the  war  its  endowment  was  valued  at  as 
much  more,  which,  however,  was  lost  in  that  un 
happy  struggle.  It  belongs  to  the  State  Convention 
of  Alabama,  and  that  body  appoints  its  trustees 
and  devotes  a  great  deal  of  attention  to  its  welfare. 
It  has  a  deep  hold  on  the  confidence  and  affection 
of  the  denomination  in  the  State,  as  is  seen  in  the 
fact  that  after  its  buildings  had  been  twice  de 
stroyed  by  fire  they  w-ere  promptly  rebuilt,  with 
improvements,  by  the  Baptists  of  the  State;  and 
in  the  further  fact  that  although  without  an  en 
dowment,  it  is  successfully  competing  with  richly- 
endowed  colleges  in  and  out  of  the  State.  Dr. 
Murfee,  the  present  president,  who  has  occupied 
that  position  for  eight  years,  has,  with  his  able 
corps  of  professors,  established  for  Howard  College 
the  reputation  of  imparting  a  thoroughness  of 
scholarship  and  of  manly  deportment  unsurpassed 
in  the  whole  country.  Besides,  the  moral  tone  and 
religious  surroundings  of  the  institution  are  of  the 
first  order.  Every  effort  is  made  to  develop  the 
nobler  traits  of  human  character,  and  to  bestow 
the  best  education  that  can  be  had.  The  graduates 
of  Howard  College  are  taking  some  of  the  highest 
stations  in  all  the  learned  callings. 

Howard,  Hon.  James  L.,  son  of  Rev.  Leland 
Howard,  was  born  in  Windsor,  Yt.,  Jan.  18,  1818; 
settled  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  in  October,  1838;  an 
extensive  and  successful  merchant  and  manufac 
turer  ;  well  and  widely  known  for  ability,  integrity, 
good  judgment,  and  courtesy  ;  largely  trusted  with 
public  interests  ;  to  his  fine  taste  Buslmell  Park, 
Hartford,  owes  much  of  its  attractiveness  ;  baptized 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
Jan.  7,  1841  ;  chosen  deacon  Sept.  4,  1857  ;  active 
in  this  church  and  prominent  in  the  denomination  ; 
president  of  Connecticut  Baptist  State  Convention 
from  1871  to  1877;  president  of  Connecticut  Bap- 


HOWARD 


548 


HOWARD 


list  Social  Union  from  its  origin  in  1872,  as  he  was 
its  chief  originator  ;  president  of  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society  from  1873  to  1878;  for  many 
years  an  efficient  trustee  of  Connecticut  Literary 
Institution  ;  generous  contriliutor  to  benevolent 
operations. 

Howard,  John,  the  Philanthropist,  was  born 
at  Enfield,  England,  Sept.  2,  1726.     His  education 


JOHN    IIO\VAKI>. 

was  respectal)le.  In  his  early  manhood  he  traveled 
extensively  in  France  and  Italy,  purchasing  works 
of  art,  and  inspecting  the  ruins  of  the  glorious 
past  and  the  creations  of  modern  genius.  In  his 
travels  he  learned  to  speak  the  French  language 
with  great  accuracy,  which  was  of  signal  service  to 
him  in  future  life.  Some  time  after  his  return  from 
the  Continent  he  became  so  ill  that  he  was  convinced 
that  the  attentions  of  his  nurse  alone  saved  his 
life,  and  as  the  only  adequate  expression  of  his 
gratitude  he  married  her  when  she  was  fifty-three 
and  he  was  twenty-five.  She  lived  but  a  short 
time  to  enjoy  her  new  position  and  the  wealth  of 
love  in  her  husband's  noble  heart.  On  the  2d  of 
May,  1758,  he  married  Henrietta  Leeds,  with  whom 
he  spent  nine  happy  years  at  Cardington.  During 
this  period  his  active  mind  found  constant  occupa 
tion  in  building  school-houses  and  model  cottages 
for  the  poor  of  the  town,  and  in  many  other  labors 
for  the  education  and  improvement  of  the  neglected 
villagers.  lie  was  appointed  sheriff  in  177-5.  To 
accept  this  required  him  to  produce  a  certificate 
stating  that  he  had  taken  the  Lord's  Supper  in  an 
Episcopal  church  within  a  reasonable  time.  How 


ard  was  a  Dissenter,  and  he  abhorred  such  con 
temptible  methods  of  sustaining  the  interests  of  a 
church  :  neither  would  he  decline  the  office  and 
pay  a  fine  as  his  father  had  done.  He  accepted  the 
position,  determined  to  contest  to  the  uttermost  any 
suit  brought  against  him  for  breaking  the  law. 
No  one  prosecuted  the  good  man.  After  the  assizes 
were  over  he  descended  into  the  prison  to  see  the 
condition  of  its  inmates.  It  was  the  home  of -John 
Bunyan  for  twelve  years,  in  which  he  wrote  his 
immortal  '•  Pilgrim's  Progress/'  Everything  in  it 
was  shocking,  and  appealed  to  his  whole  humanity 
to  remove  the  horrid  evils  that  reigned  all  over  the 
place.  From  that  moment  he  seems  to  have  con 
secrated  himself  to  fight  prison  abuses  and  the  pow 
ers  of  the  plague  throughout  the  world.  How  he 
traveled,  how  he  suffered,  how  he  labored  with  kings, 
emperors,  empresses,  parliaments,  and  governors  of 
jails;  how  he  gave  his  money  to  relieve  oppressed 
prisoners  and  victims  of  the  plague-,  and  how  he 
risked  his  life  times  without  number,  it  is  not  pos 
sible  to  tell  in  an  article  like  this.  It  is  sufficient 
to  say  that  the  name  of  Howard  stands  high  above 
every  other  philanthropist  to  which  our  race  has 
given  birth.  The  Howard  Associations  of  our 
country  and  of  other  lands  show  the  extent  and 
duration  of  his  fame,  lie  died  at  Kherson,  in  the 
Crimea,  of  camp  fever,  contracted  in  his  warfare 
against  that  scourge,  on  the  2()th  of  January,  1790. 
Mr.  Howard's  efforts  have  been  followed  by  mar 
velous  improvements  in  prison-life,  and  by  a  mul 
titude  of  benevolent  societies  to  aid  the  victims  of 
the  pestilence. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Baptist  community  of 
which  Dr.  Samuel  Stennett  was  pastor,  in  London. 
On  the  1st  of  March.  17'.'0,  Dr.  Stennett  preached 
a  funeral  sermon  for  his  lamented  friend.  In  that 
discourse,  in  describing  Mr.  Howard's  faith,  he 
says,  "Nor  was  he  ashamed  of  those  truths  he 
heard  stated,  explained,  and  enforced  in  this  place. 
He  had  made  up  his  mind,  as  he  said,  upon  his  re 
ligious  sentiments,  and  was  not  to  be  moved  from 
his  steadfastness  by  novel  opinions  intruded  upon 
the  world.  Nor  did  he  content  himself  with  a  bare 
profession  of  these  divine  truths.  He  entered  into 
the  spirit  of  the  gospel,  felt  its  power  and  tasted 
its  sweetness.  You  know,  my  friends,  with  what 
seriousness  and  devotion  he  attended,  for  a  long 
course  of  years,  on  the  worship  of  God  among  us. 
It  would  be  scarcely  decent  for  me  to  repeat  the 
affectionate  things  he  says,  in  a  letter  written  me 
from  a  remote  part  of  the  world,  respecting  the  sat 
isfaction  and  pleasure  he  had  felt  in  the  religious 
exercises  of  this  pla.ce.';*  The  historian  Ivimey 
gives  the  letter  entire.  It  was  written  from  Smyrna, 
on  the  llth  of  August,  1786.  In  it  he  says,  ''  The 


*  Works  of  Samuel  Stennett,  D.D.,  iii.  2!)5.    London,  1824. 


HOWARD 


549 


HO  WE 


principal*  reason  of  my  writing  is  most  sincerely 
to  thank  you  for  the  many  pleasant  hours  1  have 
had  in  reviewing  the  notes  I  have  taken  of  the  ser 
mons  I  had  the  happiness  to  hear  under  your  min 
istry  ;  these,  sir,  with  many  of  your  petitions  in 
prayer,  have  been,  and  are,  my  songs  in  the  house 
of  my  pilgrimage.  With  undoubted  pleasure  I 
have  attended  your  ministry:  no  man  ever  entered 
more  into  my  religious  sentiments,  or  more  happily 
expressed  them.  It  was  some  little  disappointment 
when  any  one  occupied  your  pulpit.  Oh.  sir,  how 
many  Sabbaths  have  I  ardently  longed  to  spend 
in  Little  Wild  Street  (Dr.  Stennett's)  :  on  those 
days  I  generally  rest,  or,  if  at  sea,  keep  retired  in 
my  little  cabin.  It  is  you  that  preach,  and  I  bless 
(jod  I  attend  with  renewed  pleasure.  I  bless  God 
for  your  ministry  ;  I  pray  (Jod  to  reward  you  a 
thousandfold." 

Mr.  Howard  had  been  a  Congregationalist,  but 
from  "the  many  years"  during  which  he  had  -wor 
shiped  with  Dr.  Stennett.  and  the  declaration  that 
"  no  man  ever  entered  more  into  his  religious  senti 
ments,  or  more  happily  expressed  them/'  it  is  cer 
tain  that  .John  Howard  was  a  Baptist. 

Howard,  Rev.  Leland,  was  born  in  Jamaica. 
\t.,0ct.  lo,  17U3.  During  a  revival  in  Shaft sbury 
he  was  hopefully  converted,  and  baptized  when 
about  seventeen  years  of  age,  by  Rev.  Isaiah  Madi 
son.  At  an  early  age  he  commenced  to  preach. 
In  1814,  having  been  invited  by  Gen.  Abner  Forbes, 
a  wealthy  citizen  of  Windsor,  Yt,,  to  come  to  that 
place  to  pursue  his  studies,  lie  accepted  the  invita 
tion.  He  was  placed  under  the  instruction  of  Rev. 
Joseph  Bradley,  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church,  his 
board  and  tuition  bills  being  paid  by  his  kind 
friend.  He  completed  his  theological  studies  with 
Rev.  J.  M.  Winchell,  of  Boston,  and  was  ordained 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Windsor,  \t.,  in  Xovember, 
IS] 7.  In  1S23  he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Bap 
tist  church  in  Troy,  X.  Y.,  where  he  remained  five 
years.  For  a  time  he  was  again  with  his  old  church 
in  Windsor,  and  then  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  He 
preached  in  Meriden,  Conn.,  in  the  year.  1X37-3X. 
Subsequently  he  was  pastor  in  Newport,  R.  I.. 
Norwich,  X.  Y.,  North  church  in  Troy,  then  at 
Hartford,  N.  Y.,  and  finally  in  Rutland.  Yt.,  where 
his  pastorate  closed  in  1X52.  He  died  May  G,  1X70. 
Few  men  have  left  a  better  record  in  the  places 
where  he  labored  as  a  minister  of  the  gospel  than 
'•  Father"  Howard.  One  of  his  sons  is  Hon.  James 
L.  Howard,  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  president  of  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society. 

Howard,  Rev.  Mark  William,  was  ordained 
at  Ukiah,  Cal.,  in  1X59,  and  has  been  pastor  of 
the  Ukiah  and  other  churches  in  that  part  of  the 


*  Ivimey'a  "  History  of  the  English  Baptists,"  iv.  3G1.     Londou, 
1830. 


State  ever  since.  He  was  born  in  IX 18,  converted 
at  nine,  and  joined  his  mother's  church,  the  Meth 
odist.  In  IXoX  he  removed  to  Fort  Smith,  Ark., 
three  years  after  to  Southwest  Missouri.  In  1844, 
having  previously  become  a  Baptist  by  studying 
the  Bible,  he  was  immersed  and  joined  a  Baptist 
church.  In  1X56  he  removed  to  California,  spent 
one  year  in  San  Joaqnin  County,  one  year  in 
Sonoma  County,  and  joined  the  llealdsbnrg  church. 
In  1858  he  settled  near  Ukiah,  where  lie  was  soon 
after  ordained.  God  has  blessed  him  both  in  his 
business  and  in  his  labors  in  the  pulpit,  and  given 
him  great  influence  as  a  citizen  and  as  a  Christian 
pastor. 

Howard,  Wm.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Manchester, 
England,  Dec.  17,  1828.  In  early  life  he  ran  away 
from  home.  For  several  years  he  was  occupied  as 
a  cabin-boy  in  a  sailing-vessel.  While  thus  en 
gaged  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  Rev.  A.  P. 
Repiton.  D.D.,  at  AVilmington,  N.  C.  This  good 
lirother  took  him  to  his  home  and  adopted  him  as 
a  son.  Through  his  instrumentality  he  was  con 
verted,  and  baptized  in  1X47.  He  early  indicated 
strong  powers  of  native  intellect.  Cherishing  high 
desires  for  thorough  education,  lie  entered  Howard 
College,  Ala.,  in  1X49,  and  graduated  in  1X52,  re 
ceiving  the  degree  of  A.M.  in  1X54.  In  January, 
1X55,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Gainesville  church, 
Ala.,  in  the  charge  of  which  he  continued  until  the 
close  of  I860,  when  he  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Galveston,  Texas.  At  dif 
ferent  times,  while  living  in  Alabama,  he  served  as- 
pastor  at  Providence  and  Sumterville  churches, 
Ala.,  and  Macon  and  Enterprise  churches.  Miss., 
preaching  to  them  once  a  month.  During  the  war 
he  acted  as  a  chaplain  and  general  missionary  in 
the  Confederate  army.  For  several  years  he  was 
moderator  of  the  Bigby  River  Association,  Ala.., 
and  was  for  some  months  general  agent  in  Texas 
of  the  Home  Mission  Board  of  the  Southern  Bap 
tist  Convention.  He  has  represented  Alabama  and 
Texas  in  the  Southern  Convention,  and  in  May, 
1X76,  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  represented  the  same  Con 
vention  in  the  general  Baptist  anniversaries.  For 
several  years  he  has  been  president  of  the  Texas 
Baptist  Sunday-School  Convention.  Baylor  Uni 
versity  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  in 
1870.  He  is  a  student,  possessing  a  library  rich 
in  the  variety,  rarity,  and  number  of  its  volumes. 
He  is  ranked  by  no  minister  of  the  "  Island  City.'r 
His  commencement  sermons  at  Baylor  University 
and  other  educational  centres  have  given  him  a 
prominent  place  among  Southern  ministers.  He 
holds  a  warm  place  among  the  Galveston  people. 

Howe,  Rev.  Phineas,  was  born  in  Fitzwilliain, 
N.  II.,  in  1792  :  was  converted  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
eight;  licensed  by  the  church  in  Fitzwilliam ; 
studied  with  Rev.  J.  M.  Graves,  and  was  ordained 


no  WK 


550 


HO  WELL 


in  1824  to  the  pastorate  of  the  Marlborough  and 
Newfane,  Vt.,  church,  where  he  remained  for 
seven  years.  After  brief  pastorates  in  one  or  two 
other  places,  lie  returned,  in  JS;;4,  to  the  church 
which  he  had  first  served,  where  lie  continued  his 
labors  for  another  term  of  seven  years.  Broken 
down  in  his  health,  he  suspended  his  ministerial 
labors  for  a  season.  His  last  settlements  were  in 
Ilinsdale  and  Troy,  X.  II.  He  returned  to  spend 
the  close  of  his  life  among  his  old  friends,  and  died 
at  Newfane.  Vt.,  Jan.  17,  ISG'J.  During  the  nearly 
twenty-five  years  of  his  active  ministry  he  baptized 
SOS  persons,  and  was  otherwise  very  useful. 

Howe,  Rev.  Samuel,  was  pastor  of  the  church 
meeting  in  Deadman's  Place,  London,  for  about 
seven  years.  Neal  says  that  "  he  was  a  man  of 
learning,  and  printed  a  small  treatise  called  'The 
Sufficiency  of  the  Spirit's  T caching' ''  (vol.  ii.  316, 
Dublin.  1755).  Others  speak  of  him  as  a  cobbler. 
and,  consequently,  an  illiterate  person.  lie  might 
have  carried  on  the  shoe  business,  because  he  could 
not  support  himself  by  preaching  to  a  small  perse 
cuted  Baptist  church,  and  yet  not  be  an  ignorant 
man.  Neither  does  the  fact  that  his  book  seems 
to  disparage  learning  prove  that  he  was  destitute 
of  it.  Many  in  his  day  represented  learning  as 
the  CHIEF  qualification  for  the  ministry.  Baptists 
never  have  entertained  this  opinion,  though  they 
regard  learning  in  their  pastors  as  of  immense  im 
portance,  and  have  given  more  money,  perhaps, 
than  any  other  denomination,  with  their  numbers 
and  resources,  in  this  country  to  erect  and  endow 
institutions  for  the  education  of  their  ministry. 

Mr.  Howe  attracted  the  attention  of  the  perse 
cuting  clergy  and  their  instruments,  by  whom  he 
was  imprisoned  and  excommunicated.  Dying  in 
jail,  he  was  refused  burial  in  consecrated  ground  ; 
a  constable's  guard  protected  the  parish  cemetery 
at  Shoreditch  from  profanation  by  the  reception  of 
his  body.  He  was  buried  at  Agnes-la-Clair  ;  and 
several  members  of  his  church,  at  their  own  re 
quest,  were  buried  afterwards  with  him. 

Mr.  Howe's  people,  after  his  death,  according  to  Dr. 
Thomas  Fuller,  on  Jan.  18,  1641,  to  the  number  of  80 
meeting  at  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark,  "  preached," 
among  other  things,  "  that  the  king  was  only  to  be 
obeyed  in  civil  matters."  Crosby  states  that  they 
were  arrested  while  at  their  place  of  worship  and 
committed  to  the  Clink  prison,  and  that  the  next 
morning  six  or  seven  of  the  men  were  taken  to 
the  House  of  Lords  and  strictly  examined  about 
their  principles.  They  freely  admitted  that  "  they 
owned  no  other  head  of  the  church  but  Jesus 
Christ,  that  no  prince  had  power  to  make  laws  to 
bind  the  consciences  of  men,  and  that  laws  made 
contrary  to  the  law  of  God  were  of  no  force." 
Crosby  states  that  this  church  was  of  the  inde 
pendent  order.  Fuller  says  they  were  Anabap 


tists  ;  Crosby's  and  Mr.  Howe's  contemporaries 
represent  him  as  a  Baptist.  The  principles  his 
people  avow  arc  emphatically  the  doctrines  of  the 
Baptists.  They  may  have  been  Independents, 
who  added  believer's  immersion  to  their  Congrega 
tionalism.  Mr.  Howe  was  bitterly  persecuted  and 
deeply  lamented.  His  reputation  as  a  manly,  tal 
ented,  and  learned  Non-conformist  was  so  favorably 
and  widely  known,  that  Crosby  tells  us  ''he  was 
very  famous  for  his  vindication  of  the  doctrines  of 
separation." 

Roger  Williams,  in  "  The  Hireling  Ministry.'' 
etc.,  says,  "Among  so  many  instances,  dead  and 
living,  to  the  everlasting  praise  of  Christ  Jesus 
and  of  His  IIolv  Spirit,  breathing  and  blessing 
where  lie  listeth,  I  cannot  but  with  honorable  tes 
timony  remember  that  eminently  Christian  wit 
ness  and  prophet  of  Christ,  even  that  despised  and 
yet  beloved  Samuel  Howe,  who,  being  by  calling  a 
cobbler  and  without  human  learning  (probably  he 
meant  a  university  education,  which  Dr.  Carey 
never  had),  which  yet  in  its  sphere  and  place  he 
honored,  who  yet,  I  say,  by  searching  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  grew  so  excellent  a  textuary,  or  Scrip 
ture-learned  man,  that  few  of  those  high  rabbies 
that  scorn  to  mend  or  make  a  shoe,  could  aptly  or 
readily  from  the  Holy  Scriptures  outgo  him.  And. 
however,  through  the  oppressions  upon  some  men's 
consciences,  even  in  life  and  death,  and  after  death, 
in  respect  of  burying,  as  yet  unthought  and  un- 
remedied,  I  say,  however,  he  was  forced  to  seek  a 
grave  or  bed  in  the  highway,  yet  was  his  life  and 
death  and  burial  (being  attended  by  many  hun 
dreds  of  God's  people)  honorable  and  (how  much 
more  on  his  rising  again  !)  glorious." 

It  is  probable  that  Roger  Williams  learned 
"soul  liberty"  from  Samuel  Howe,  whose  church 
believed  that  "the  king  was  only  to  be  obeyed  in 
civil  matters  ;"  that  "  no  prince  had  power  to  make 
laws  to  bind  the  consciences  of  men." 

Ho  Well,  Judge  David,  was  born  in  New  Jer 
sey  in  1747,  and  graduated  at  Princeton  in  1766. 
By  the  advice  of  President  Manning  he  came  to 
Rhode  Island,  and  was  his  associate  in  the  new 
Rhode  Island  College,  just  commencing  operations 
in  Warren.  lie  was  appointed  Professor  of  Mathe 
matics  and  Natural  Philosophy  in  1769,  and  con 
tinued  to  give  instruction  in  his  department  until 
college  exercises  were  suspended  in  consequence 
of  the  breaking  up  of  the  college  in  the  Revolu 
tionary  war.  He  was  Professor  of  Law  in  the 
university  for  over  thirty  years,  and  a  Fellow  for 
fifty-two  years.  For  many  years  he  ranked  among 
the  first  lawyers  of  Providence,  was  a  member  of 
the  Congress  of  Confederation,  and  in  1812  was 
appointed  U.  S.  judge  for  the  district  of  Rhode 
Island,  holding  the  office  until  the  time  of  his 
death,  in  1824. 


HO  WALL 


551 


no  WES 


Prof.  Goddard,  in  a  sketch  of  Judge  Howcll,  re 
marks,  "  He  was  endowed  with  extraordinary  tal 
ents,  and  he  snperadded  to  his  endowments  exten 
sive  and  accurate  learning.  Upon  all  occasions 
which  made  any  demands  upon  him,  he  gave  the 
most  convincing  evidence  of  the  vigor  of  his  pow 
ers,  and  of  the  variety  and  extent  of  his  erudition." 

Howell,  R.  B.  C.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Wayne  Co., 
X.  0..  on  the  10th  of  March.  1801,  and  died  in 
Nashville,  Term.,  on  Sunday,  April  5,  18(>8.  lie 
commenced  preaching  about  1825,  and  was  or 
dained,  in  1827,  in  Cumberland  Street  church, 
Norfolk,  Va.,  where  he  labored  until  1834,  after 
which  he  came  to  Nashville.  Here  he  built  for 
the  First  Baptist  church  of  Nashville  a  fine  house 
of  worship,  and  gathered  a  membership  of  over 
500.  He  resigned  April,  1850,  to  take  charge  of 
the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Richmond,  Va..  in 
which  he  labored  until  the  19th  of  July,  1857, 
when  he  returned  to  the  scene  of  his  early  suc 
cesses,  where  he  had  acquired  the  reputation  of 
one  of  the  most  learned  and  eloquent  divines  in 
the  country.  Here  his  labors  were  again  attended 
with  the  same  blessings  that  crowned  his  efforts  in 
past  years,  until  paralysis  obliged  him  to  relin 
quish  the  pulpit  he  had  filled  so  acceptably  for 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century.  In  the  earlier 
days  of  his  ministry  he  had  to  contend  with  the 
anti-missionaries  of  his  own  denomination  and  with 
the  followers  of  Alexander  Campbell.  He  was 
often  found  in  debate  with  them  by  voice  and  pen, 
and  he  always  acquitted  himself  as  a  loyal  disciple 
of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  At  the  request  of  the 
Tennessee  Baptist  Convention,  in  1854,  he  wrote  a 
work  on  the  ''Terms  of  Christian  Communion,'' 
of  456  pages,  which  ran  through  several  editions 
in  this  country  and  three  or  four  in  England.  In 
1846  he  published  a  work  entitled  "  The  Deacon- 
ship:  its  Nature,  Qualifications,  Relations,  and 
Duties,"  which  was  issued  by  the  American  Bap 
tist  Publication  Society,  and  ran  rapidly  through 
six  editions.  "  The  Way  of  Salvation"  was  his  next 
literary  effort,  which  passed  through  several  edi 
tions.  A  small  work  entitled  "The  Evils  of  In 
fant  Baptism."  followed,  which  caused  a  good  deal 
of  newspaper  comment  from  Pedobaptist  denomina 
tions.  In  1854  he  was  the  author  of  a  work  enti 
tled  "The  Cross,"  which  was  published  by  the 
Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society,  at  Charles 
ton,  S.  C..  and  the  Virginia  Baptist  Sunday-School 
and  Publication  Society,  at  Richmond.  "The 
Covenants,"  published  by  the  same  societies,  was 
written  in  1856.  These  works  evince  a  high  order 
of  learning,  and  some  of  them  are  authorities  in 
the  Baptist  denomination.  His  scholarship  was 
universally  conceded.  He  was  educated  in  Co 
lumbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C.  The  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon  him  by 


Georgetown  College,  Ky.,  about  the  year  1844. 
Besides  the  works  of  Dr.  llowell  just  named,  he 
died  leaving  four  others  in  manuscript,  upon 
which  a  great  amount  of  thought  and  labor  were 
bestowed.  "  The  Early  Baptists  of  Virginia." 
written  in  1857,  was  printed  by  the  American 
Baptist  Publication  Society,  Philadelphia,  for  his 
children,  and  is  the  only  one  of  the  four  that  has 
been  published.  As  a  minister,  he  was  regarded 
as  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  learned  men  in  the 
South,  and  no  one  exercised  a  greater  or  more 
beneficial  influence  within  or  outside  of  the  church. 
His  life  was  unspotted,  his  Christian  course  was 
marked  by  the  highest  virtues.  His  courtesy  and 
kindness  of  heart  made  him  a  universal  favorite, 
notwithstanding  the  fierce  theological  debates  in 
which  he  was  often  engaged.  He  was  a  thorough 
Baptist,  and  always  jealous  of  the  fair  fame  of  his 
denomination.  Dr.  Howell  was  for  many  years 
president  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and 
one  of  its  vice-presidents  at  the  time  of  bis  death. 
He  bad  filled  also  the  post  of  vice-president  of 
the  American  Baptist  Historical  Society.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Tennessee, 
and  was  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
asylum  for  the  blind,  an  institution  endowed  and 
sustained  by  the  State  of  Tennessee.  He  adminis 
tered  the  ordinance  of  baptism  to  an  immense  num 
ber  of  people,  first  and  last,  during  the  long  course 
of  his  ministry.  His  death  occurred  on  Sunday, 
about  noon,  at  the  very  hour  in  which,  for  more 
than  forty  years,  he  had  stood  up  for  Jesus  in  the 
pulpit.  For  a  week  before  his  death  he  was  speech 
less  but  conscious.  He  knew  all  that  was  said 
around  him  ;  and  when  the  pastor  of  the  First 
church  of  Nashville  spoke  of  the  infinite  pity 
and  compassion  of  the  Saviour  for  his  suffering 
servant,  he  burst  into  tears.  On  being  asked  if  he 
saw  Jesus,  he  answered  by  pointing  first  to  his 
heart  and  then  to  heaven. 

In  addition  to  the  positions  held  by  Dr.  Howell 
already  mentioned,  he  was  frequently  the  modera 
tor  of  the  Concord  Association  and  other  bodies. 
His  capacity  as  a  presiding  officer  of  deliberative 
bodies  was  rare. 

Howes,  Prof.  Oscar,  A.M.,  was  born  near  Car- 
mel,  N.  Y.,  April  20,  1830;  was  converted  while 
in  college ;  graduated  from  Madison  University  in 
1850;  spent  a  year  at  Rochester  University;  went 
to  Europe  in  1852,  and  was  abroad  two  years,  de 
voting  his  time,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  months 
spent  in  traveling,  to  the  study  of  the  German  and 
French  languages  ;  in  1855  became  Professor  of  the 
Greek  and  Latin  Languages  in  Shurtleff  College ; 
in  1863  made  a  second  visit  to  Europe,  spending 
six  months  at  Athens  in  the  study  of  the  Greek 
language,  ancient  and  modern,  attending  daily  lec 
tures  on  the  latter  at  the  University  of  Athens. 


HO  YT 


After  a  tour  through  Greece,  Egypt,  and  Palestine 
lie  returned  to  his  duties  at  Shurtleff.  In  ]S74  lie 
accepted  the  chair  of  Latin  and  Modern  Languages 
at  Madison  University,  where  he  still  labors,  lie 
went  abroad  for  the  third  time  in  187S,  accompa 
nied  by  his  family. 

Hewlett,  Rev.  Thomas  R.,  was  born  in  Cam 
bridgeshire,  England,  March  19,  1827.  He  was 
converted  in  Richfield,  (>.,  when  fifteen.  He  grad 
uated  from  Madison  University  in  185(>,  and  from 
the  seminary  in  185S.  He  has  been  pastor  in  New 
Brunswick,  X.  J.  :  of  the  Pearl  Street  church, 
Albany.  X.  Y.  :  the  Central,  Trenton.  X.  J. ;  the  Cal 
vary,  Washington.  J).  C.  :  in  Hudson  City,  X.Y.  ; 
and  of  the  Second  church  of  Plaintield,  X.  J. 
During  his  seven  years'  pastorate  in  Washington, 
the  Calvary  church  erected  and  paid  for  an  edifice 
costing  $120,000.  Mr.  llowlett  is  an  able  preacher, 
a  sound  theologian,  a  successful  pastor,  and  a  genial 
and  loving  Christian.  In  every  way  fitted  to  hold 
the  conspicuous  positions  to  which  he  has  been 
called,  and  with  many  years  apparently  still  before 
him,  the  denomination  may  yet  expect  much  val 
uable  services  from  him. 

Hoyt,  Col.  James  A.— Modestly  declines  to  fur 
nish  any  material  for  a  biography.  This  notice 
Avill,  consequently,  be  "short."  Nearly  fifty  years 
ago  the  first  Baptist  newspaper  was  published  in 
South  Carolina.  The  numerous  changes  of  name 
and  place,  proprietors  and  editors,  tell  the  sad  tale 
that  not  one  of  them  was  self-sustaining. 

In  187S,  Col.  Hoyt  became  proprietor  of  the 
Workhitj  Christian,  published  in  Columbia.  He 
soon  after  removed  it  to  Greenville,  and  called  it 
the  Baptist  Courier.  It  has  gradually  improved 
until  he  has  a  paper  sustained  on  business  prin 
ciples:  and  the  brethren  owe  very  much  to  him 
and  his  cultured  coadjutor,  Rev.  J.  A.  Chambliss, 
D.D.,  for  giving  them  an  organ  amply  worthy  of 
the  liberal  support  it  is  receiving. 

Col.  Hoyt  is  a  large-hearted  Christian  man,  who 
enjoys  the  warm  regards  of  all  South  Carolina  Bap 
tists,  and  of  many  outside  our  denominational  fold. 

Hoyt,  James  M.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in  Utica, 

X.  Y..  -Jan.  10,  1815:  graduated  from  Hamilton 
College  in  1834;  read  law  in  Utica  and  Cleve 
land,  0.  ;  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  until  1853, 
when  he  turned  his  attention  to  the  development 
and  sale  of  real  estate.  In  1835  he  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  at  Utica,  and  on  removing  to  Cleve 
land  became  connected  with  the  First  church  of 
that  city.  For  twenty-six  years  was  superintend 
ent  of  the  Sunday-school,  and  subsequently  teacher 
of  a  large  Bible-class.  In  1854  he  was  licensed  to 
preach,  but  has  never  received  ordination. 

In  State  and  national  affairs  Dr.  Hoyt  has  been 
very  prominent.  In  1854  he  was  chosen  president 
of  the  Ohio  Baptist  State  Convention,  and  for 


twenty -five  years  was  annually  elected  to  that 
position,  lie  was  also  chosen  president  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  and  was 
annually  re-elected  until  his  voluntary  retirement 


JAMES    M.    HOYT.    I.L.D. 


in  1870.  He  was  for  thirteen  years  president  of 
the  Cleveland  Bible  Society.  In  1870  he  was  made 
a  member  of  the  Ohio  State  Board  of  Equalization, 
— a  body  requiring  great  ability  and  worth.  In 
1873  he  was  appointed  to  represent  the  city  on  the 
Cleveland  Board  of  Public  Improvements. 

Dr.  Hoyt,  while  an  active  and  successful  lawyer 
and  business  man,  has  given  himself  largely  to 
literary  studies.  His  addresses  before  various  bodies 
have  always  evinced  wide  study  and  the  best  taste. 
lie  published  in  the  Christian  Jtevicw,  October, 
1863,  an  analytical  and  exhaustive  article  on 
"Miracles."  In  September,  1879,  he  also  pub 
lished  in  the  Baptist  Review  a  defense  of  the  in 
tuitional  philosophy,  entitled  ';  Theism  Grounded 
in  Mind,''  which  has  been  very  favorably  received. 

Dr.  Hoy t  was  married  in  1836  to  Miss  Mary  Ella 
Beebee,  in  the  city  of  New  York.  Of  six  children 
born  of  this  union  five  are  still  living.  Their  eldest 
son,  Wayland  Hoyt,  D.D.,  is  pastor  of  the  Strong 
Place  church,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Their  second  son, 
Colgate  Hoyt,  is  in  business  with  his  father.  James 
II.  Hoyt,  their  third  son,  and  Elton  Iloyt,  their 
fourth  son,  are  practising  law.  In  1870  Denison 
University,  in  consideration  of  Dr.  Hoyt's  varied 
talents,  services,  and  learning,  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 

Hoyt,  Wayland,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Cleveland, 


HUBBARD 


553 


n rn BARD 


O.,  Feb.  18,  1838.  In  1860  he  was  graduated  from 
Brown  University,  and  in  1863  from  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary.  He  AVUS  ordained  over  the 
Baptist  church  of  Pittsfield,  Mass.  After  one  year 


WAYLAXD    IIOYT,    I). I). 

there  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  0..  and  took  charge 
of  the  Ninth  Street  Baptist  church.  Three  years 
later  he  took  charge  of  the  Strong  Place  Baptist 
church,  Brooklyn.  It  was  a  large  and  influential 
church,  and  in  this  relation  began  the  development 
of  his  powers  as  a  profound  thinker,  a  scholarly 
writer,  and  an  able  preacher.  In  the  hope  of  es 
tablishing  a  great  Baptist  tabernacle  in  New  York, 
he  accepted  a  call  from  the  Tabernacle  Baptist 
church,  New  York,  and  commenced  services  in 
Steinway  Hall.  It  promised  well  in  the  beginning, 
but  there  were  insurmountable  difficulties,  and  the 
enterprise  was  abandoned.  He  then  accepted  a 
call  to  Shawmut  Avenue  Baptist  church,  Boston, 
Mass.  The  Strong  Place  church,  Brooklyn,  re 
called  him  to  that  important  field,  where  he  now  la 
bors.  He  is  a  prolific  writer.  His  contributions 
are  eagerly  sought  by  the  great  leading  journals 
of  the  Baptist  denomination.  He  is  the  author  of 
"  Hints  and  Helps  of  the  Christian  Life,"  and  he 
is  about  to  bring  out  a  new  work,  the  subject  of 
which  is  not  announced. 

As  a  preacher,  he  is  earnest,  logical,  and  persua 
sive.  He  shows  that  he  has  thoroughly  investi 
gated  the  subject  of  his  discourse.  As  a  platform 
speaker,  he  is  ready,  clear,  and  forcible,  and  as  a 
pastor  he  is  faithful  and  successful. 

Hubbard,  Gov.  Kichard  Bennett,  was  born 
36 


Nov.  1,  1832,  in  Walton  Co.,  Ga.  ;  graduated  with 
the  degree  of  A.B.  at  Mercer  University,  Penfield, 
Ga.,  in  1851  ;  pursued  the  law  course  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Virginia,  and  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  LL.B.  in  the  Law  Department  of  Harvard  Uni 
versity,  Massachusetts  :  commenced  practising  law 
at  Tyler,  Texas,  in  1854;  was  appointed  United 
States  attorney  for  the  western  district  of  Texas 
by  President  Franklin  Pierce  in  1856  ;  resigned 
this  office  to  accept  a  seat  in  the  State  Legislature 
of  Texas  in  1858-59  ;  was  a  delegate  to  the  conven 
tion  which  nominated  President  James  Buchanan  ; 
during  the  war  between  the  States  he  was  colonel 
of  the  22d  Regiment  of  Texas  Infantry;  in  1872 
was  a  Presidential  elector  ;  in  1874  was  president 
of  the  Democratic  State  convention  at  Austin  ; 
during  the  same  year  was  elected  lieutenant-gov 
ernor  of  Texas,  and  was  re-elected  to  the  same 
office  in  1876  ;  delivered  by  appointment  Centennial 
oration  for  Texas  at  Philadelphia  in  1876;  became 
governor  of  Texas  Dec.  1,  1876.  All  his  ancestry 
and  his  immediate  family  belong  to  the  Baptist 
Church.  "  The  Baptists  are  the  people  of  his 
fathers."  At  fourteen  years  of  age  he  joined  the 
church  at  Liberty,  Jasper  Co.,  Ga. 

Gov.  Hubbard  is  one  of  nature's  noblemen.  He 
is  a  thoroughly  learned  lawyer,  an  able  statesman, 
and  an  orator  of  the  highest  order,  whose  utter 
ances  arouse  intense  enthusiasm  among  the  people. 


GOV.   RICHARD    BENNETT    HUBBARD. 

His  administration  of  the  executive  office  was  re 
markably  popular  with  the  people,  and  had  he  been 
a  candidate  for  re-election  he  would  have  received 


HUBBARD 


554 


HUDSON 


fully  two-thirds  of  the  votes  of  the  people  at  the 
polls.  His  earnestness  in  behalf  of  education, 
virtue,  philanthropy,  and  religion  make  him  a  pop 
ular  favorite  ;  and  as  he  is  only  yet  in  the  prime 
of  his  powers,  a  brilliant  and  useful  future  may  be 
anticipated  for  him. 

Hubbard,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Boston, 
Mass..  Jan.  28,  1778.  His  early  associations  were 
not  with  Baptists,  his  parents  and  friends  being 
Episcopalians.  AVhen  he  became  interested  in  the 
matter  of  his  personal  salvation,  he  was  brought 
under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  Dr.  Stillman,  and  he 
united  with  his  church.  Encouraged  by  his  pastor, 
lie  prepared  for  his  life-work,  and  entered  upon 
itinerant  labors  in  Maine  and  Connecticut.  The 
churches  which  he  served  as  pastor  were  in  the 
western  part  of  Massachusetts,  at  Martha's  Vine 
yard,  the  Third  Baptist  church  in  Middleborough, 
and  fourteen  years  were  spent  at  Goshen.  He  died 
at  Lakeville,  Mass..  Jan.  3,  1858. 

Hlibmaier,  Balthazar  (Friedberger,  Pacimon- 
tanus),  is  the  most  honorable  name  among  the 
Anabaptists.  He  had  not  the  impulsiveness  of 
Grebel,  nor  the  brilliancy  of  Hatzer  and  Denk  ;  but 
for  calmness,  soberness,  logical  clearness  and  con 
sistency,  absolute  devotion  to  truth,  and  freedom 
from  important  errors,  he  stands  unrivaled  by  any 
man  of  the  Reformation  time.  Born  in  1480,  edu 
cated  at  the  University  of  Freiberg,  where  his  prin 
cipal  teacher  was  John  Eck.  he  spent  some  years  in 
school-teaching,  then  became  tutor  at  Freiberg,  and 
in  1512  followed  Eck  to  Ingoldstadt,  where  he  be 
came  preacher  and  Professor  of  Theology.  Here 
he  was  created  Doctor  of  Theology.  In  1510  he 
was  called  to  be  preacher  in  the  cathedral  church 
in  llegensburg.  His  great  eloquence  led  to  this 
appointment.  Here  he  preached  so  powerfully 
against  the  Jews  as  to  cause  their  expulsion  from 
the  city.  In  1519  he  declared  himself  for  Luther, 
and  was  driven  from  llegensburg.  In  1522  he  be 
came  pastor  at  Waldshut,  near  Zurich.  Here  he 
was  among  the  most  zealous  of  the  supporters  of 
the  Zwinglian  doctrine  ;  but  soon  came  to  deny  the 
Scripturalness  of  infant  baptism.  In  1524  he  pub 
lished  eighteen  axioms  concerning  the  Christian 
life,  in  which  he  set  forth  his  reformatory  views, 
and  he  soon  secured  from  the  town  council  recog 
nition  and  protection  for  the  preachers.  His  writing 
on  "  Heretics  and  their  Burners"  soon  followed. 
In  this  he  shows  that  only  those  are  heretics  who 
contradict  the  Scriptures,  especially  the  devil  and 
the  papists.  This  is  the  earliest  and  clearest  plea 
for  liberty  of  conscience  of  the  Reformation  time. 
He  shows  that  heretics  can  be  overcome  by  instruc 
tion  only,  and  that  to  try  to  overcome  them  by 
violence  is  contrary  to  the  teachings  and  spirit  of 
Christ.  In  1525  he  wrote  against  infant  baptism, 
and  was  elaborately  answered  by  Zwingle  and 


(Ecolampadius.  Hiibmaier's  tract  against  infant 
baptism  is  an  admirable  production  alike  in  matter 
and  in  spirit.  The  straightforward  earnestness 
and  Christian  courtesy  of  Hlibmaier's  tract  are  in 
striking  contrast  with  the  sophistry  and  reviling  of 
Zwingle' s  reply.  He  was  one  of  the  chief  participants 
in  the  disputations  with  Zwingle  during  this  year. 
Assured  of  the  support  of  the  civil  power,  Zwingle. 
on  these  occasions,  acted  the  part,  not  of  a  brother 
in  Christ,  but  of  a  lord,  and  by  his  air  of  superior 
wisdom  and  authority,  by  his  fluent  sophistry,  he 
easily  persuaded  the  members  of  the  council  that 
his  adversaries  had  been  fairly  vanquished.  Hiib- 
maier  was  imprisoned  at  Zurich,  where  he  suffered 
great  hardship.  Having  been  released  from  prison, 
he  wrent  to  Moravia  (1526),  where  Anabaptists 
already  existed  in  considerable  numbers.  At  Nic- 
olsburg  he  established  a  strong  church,  and  pub 
lished  in  quick  succession  a  large  number  of  tracts 
on  ordinances,  worship,  and  doctrine.  Most  of 
these  have  been  preserved,  and  are  among  the 
choicest  products  of  the  Anabaptist  movement.  In 
1527  he  was  taken  to  Vienna  and  thrown  into 
prison.  In  1528  he  died  heroically  at  the  stake,  a 
martyr  to  his  Baptist  principles. 

Huckins,  Rev.  James,  was  one  of  the  best  men 
the  writer  has  ever  known.  He  was  born  in  New 
Hampshire  in  April,  1807.  He  was  left  an  orphan 
at  four  or  five  years  of  age,  and  was  baptized  at 
fourteen.  He  graduated  at  Brown  University  at  an 
early  age.  He  went  among  the  first  Baptist  min 
isters  to  Texas,  under  the  patronage  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society.  His  singular  insight  into  human 
character,  his  high  courage  tempered  finely  with 
gentleness,  and,  what  is  no  less  important,  his  tact, 
fitted  him  peculiarly  for  usefulness  among  the  fron 
tiersmen. 

After  many  years  of  incessant  and  successful 
labor  as  a  missionary,  he  became  pastor  of  the 
church  in  Galveston,  where  his  influence  over  all 
classes  was  both  wide  and  deep.  The  esteem  in 
which  he  was  held  was  manifested  by  the  presenta 
tion  of  a  heavy  pitcher  and  pair  of  goblets  of  solid 
silver,  on  his  departure,  from  the  citizens  at  large. 

In  1859  he  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Went- 
worth  Street  Baptist  church,  in  Charleston,  S.  C. 
Here  he  was  ready  for  every  good  word  and  work, 
especially  among  the  poor.  From  the  commence 
ment  of  the  war  his  labors  in  the  hospitals  in  and 
around  Charleston  were  incessant,  and  in  the 
double  toils  of  pastor  and  chaplain  he  fell  on  the 
14th  of  August,  1863. 

Hudson,  Hon.  Nathaniel  C.,  was  born  in  St. 
Johnsbury,  Vt.,  Oct.  9,  1828.  After  receiving  a 
common  school  education,  he  entered  Leland  Semi- 
inary.  Vt.,  and  prepared  for  the  Sophomore  class  in 
college,  but  went  south  for  his  health.  In  1852  he 
took  charge  of  Twiggs  Academy,  in  Georgia,  where 


HUFF 


555 


HUFHAM 


he  proved  a  popular  teacher,  lie  studied  law, 
came  north,  entered  the  National  Law  School  at 
Poughkeepsie,  and  graduated  in  1855.  He  then 
removed  to  Iowa,  and  entered  upon  his  profession 
at  Sioux  City.  He  removed  to  St.  Louis  in  1806. 
Mr.  Hudson  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature 
in  1874  from  St.  Louis,  and  served  on  important 
committees.  In  1876  he  was  elected  a  senator  to 
the  General  Assembly  of  Missouri,  and  served  on 
the  committees  of  Ways  and  Means,  Penitentiary, 
Bank  and  Corporations,  Insurance,  and  Constitu 
tional  Amendments.  He  is  courteous,  frank,  out 
spoken,  cordial,  and  popular.  His  business  rela 
tions  are  marked  by  integrity,  and  his  church 
duties  by  fidelity.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Second 
Baptist  church  of  St.  Louis. 

Huff,  Rev.  Jonathan,  a  useful  minister  of  the 
Ilephzibah  Association,  was  born  in  Warren  Co., 
Ga.,  in  August,  1789.  Licensed  by  Little  Brier 
Creek  church,  he  was  ordained  in  1823.  In  1829 
he  was  elected  moderator  of  the  Hephzibah  Asso 
ciation,  in  which  capacity  he  served  for  thirteen 
years  consecutively.  His  practical  good  sense  and 
sterling  integrity  and  unaffected  piety  gained  him 
the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  brethren.  For 
thirty-one  years  he  was  pastor  of  Ways  church, 
and  of  lleedy  Creek  church  he  was  pastor  thirty- 
seven  years  consecutively.  In  addition  he  labored 
with  other  churches  to  an  extent  which  always  oc 
cupied  his  whole  time.  A  faithful  student  of  the 
Bible,  he  was  a  safe  expounder  of  its  teachings  ; 
conscientious  and  tender  of  spirit,  he  was  touchinf 

I  O 

in  his  addresses  to  the  unconverted  ;  and  hence  he 
was  very  successful  in  winning  souls  to  Jesus  and 
in  building  up  churches  that  were  sound  in  the 
faith.  He  was  indomitably  persevering,  and  pos 
sessed  an  equanimity  that  nothing  could  disturb. 
He  was  usually  slow  of  speech,  yet  few  men  have 
accomplished  more  good  or  exerted  a  wider  influ 
ence.  He  was  an  ardent  and  intelligent  supporter 
of  the  missionary  and  temperance  causes,  and  heart 
ily  co-operated  with  the  denomination  in  its  benevo 
lent  enterprises.  He  died  in  the  vicinity  of  his 
birthplace  on  the  25th  of  November,  1872,  at  the 
age  of  eighty-three. 

Hufham,  Rev.  Geo.  W.— Among  the  older 
living  ministers  of  North  Carolina  is  the  Rev.  Geo. 
W.  Hufham,  who  was  born  in  1804;  baptized  in 
1830  by  Rev.  Geo.  Fennell,  began  to  preach  soon 
after,  and  has  served  many  of  the  churches  of  Samp 
son  and  Duplin  Counties.  Mr.  Iluf  ham  is  a  gentle 
man  of  respectable  learning,  and  in  his  youth  was  a 
popular  preacher.  Ill  health  has  prevented  him 
from  preaching  as  much  as  his  heart  desired.  Hon 
ored  and  loved,  this  good  man  is  resting  in  the 
Beulah  Land,  waiting  for  the  call  to  pass  over  the 
river. 

Hufham,  J.  D.,  D.D.     The  son  of  an  esteemed 


minister,  Dr.  Ilufham  is  one  of  the  most  noted  of 
the  living  ministers  of  North  Carolina.  He  was 
born  in  Duplin  Co.,  N.  C.,  May  26,  1834  ;  was  fitted 


J.    n.    HCFHAM,   D.D. 

for  college  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Sprunt,  of  Keenansville  ; 
graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College  in  1856  ;  was 
baptized  at  the  college  by  Dr.  Wingate  in  Feb 
ruary,  1855,  and  ordained  in  1857,  Revs.  A.  Guy, 
15.  F.  Marable,  and  L.  F.  Williams  comprising  the 
Presbytery.  In  1861  he  purchased  the  Biblical 
Itecorder,  which  he  conducted  with  distinguished 
success  till  the  close  of  1867.  For  three  years  he 
was  pastor  of  the  Lariyino  Creek  church,  Camden 
Co.  lie  then  became  corresponding  secretary  of 
the  Baptist  State  Convention,  and,  after  four  years' 
service  in  this  position,  became  pastor  of  the  Second 
church  of  Raleigh  and  associate  editor  of  the  Bibli 
cal  Recorder.  For  the  past  three  years  Dr.  Huf 
ham  has  labored  in  Scotland  Neck,  and  the  ad 
jacent  country  for  a  hundred  miles  up  and  down 
the  Roanoke  River,  and  so  remarkable  have  been 
the  results  of  his  efforts,  that  it  may  be  truly  said 
that,  though  always  active  and  useful,  he  never  did 
such  effective  service  in  the  cause  of  Christ  as  now. 
Dr.  Ilufham  is  a  ripe  scholar,  refined  and  critical  in 
his  tastes,  a  born  editor,  and  the  prince  of  agents. 
He  never  seems  so  happy  as  when  managing  an 
Association  or  taking  up  a  collection,  lie  is  the 
author  of  an  admirable  memoir  of  Rev.  J.  L.  Prich- 
ard.  is  a  trustee  of  Wake  Forest  College,  and  was 
for  many  years  recording  secretary  of  the  State 
Convention.  He  received  his  D.D.  from  his  alma 
mater  in  1877. 


550 


HULL 


Hughes,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  iii  London, 
Jan.  1,  1709.  Ho  was  baptized  by  Dr.  Samuel 
Stcnnctt  into  the  fellowship  of  the  church  in  Little 
Wild  Street  in  his  native  city.  lie  studied  for  the 
ministry  at  Bristol  College,  and  at  Aberdeen  and 
Edinburgh,  in  Scotland.  He  was  ordained  in  Bat- 
tersea  in  1797.  Ho  was  appointed  secretary  of  the 
Religious  Tract  Society  of  London  in  1799,  and 
continued  to  discharge  the  duties  of  that  ollice 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life. 

In  1X02  the  Rev.  Thomas  Charles,  of  Bala,  in 
Wales,  came  to  London  to  secure,  through  private 
friends,  a  supply  of  Welsh  Bibles.  He  appeared 
before  the  committee  of  the  Religious  Tract  Society, 
and  his  appeal  was  the  subject  of  deliberation  at 
several  of  their  meetings.  At  one  of  these  im'et- 
ings  Mr.  Hughes  suggested  that  Wales  was  not  the 
only  part  of  the  empire  destitute  of  the  written 
Word  of  God  and  requiring  assistance  ;  that  Great 
Britain  itself  was  not  the  only  part  of  Christendom 
which  needed  to  be  supplied  ;  and  that  it  might  be 
desirable  to  form  a  society  which,  while  it  met  the 
demands  of  Wales  and  the  necessities  of  all  parts 
of  the  British  Islands,  might  be  comprehensive 
enough  io  embrace  ivitlihi  its  scope  the  entire  world. 
Mr.  Hughes  was  recommended  to  embody  his 
thoughts  in  writing.  In  compliance  with  the  re 
quest  he  prepared  his  celebrated  paper  entitled 
"  The  Excellency  of  the  Holy  Scriptures."  In  this 
document  Mr.  Hughes  earnestly  advocated  ,the  im 
portance  of  forming  an  association  of  Christians 
of  all  denominations  with  the  sole  object  of  giving 
the  Word  of  Life  to  the  nations.  The  paper  was 
widely  circulated,  and  the  plan  was  approved  im 
mediately  by  large  numbers.  After  various  pre 
liminary  arrangements,  a  meeting  was  held  at  the 
"London  Tavern,"  March  7,  1804,  consisting  of 
about  three  hundred  persons  belonging  to  various 
denominations,  at  which  the  British  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society  was  formally  organized,  and  Mr. 
Hughes  appointed  one  of  its  secretaries.  This  was 
the  first  Bible  Society  in  the  world,  and  the  parent 
of  all  similar  institutions  everywhere.  This  noble 
organization  received  its  origin  and  its  very  name 
from  a  Baptist.  (History  of  the  British  and  For 
eign  Bible  Society,  vol.  i.  pp.  4-9.  London,  1859.) 
The  thought  that  started  this  society  on  its  career 
of  usefulness  and  power  was  placed  in  the  mind  of 
our  Baptist  brother  by  the  Comforter,  the  Guardian 
Spirit  of  revelation,  and  of  the  redeemed  race. 

In  1833  Mr.  Hughes  entered  the  eternal  rest. 
The  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  passed  reso 
lutions  expressing  in  the  most  touching  and  elo 
quent  terms  their  appreciation  of  his  exalted  worth, 
and  of  the  great  loss  their  institution  had  suffered 
in  his  death.  Evangelical  Christians  in  throngs 
lamented  the  demise  of  one  of  the  most  useful  men 
that  had  toiled  for  centuries  for  the  spread  of  pure 


truth.  The  well-known  -Jay,  of  Bath,  said  of  him, 
"  J  am  thankful  for  my  intimacy  with  him.  My 
esteem  for  him  always  grew  with  my  intercourse. 
1  never  knew  a  more  consistent,  correct,  and  un 
blemished  character.  lie  was  not  only  sincere, 
but  without  offense,  and  IK;  adorned  the  doctrine 
of  God  our  Saviour  in  all  things.''  His  long  pas 
torate  at  Battersea  was  a  great  blessing  to  the 
church  which  he  loved,  and  by  which  to  the  last  he 
was  tenderly  cherished,  and  it  was  only  terminated 
by  his  death. 

Hughes,  Rowland. — This  excellent  brother  had 
considerable  property,  which  he  used  largely  for 
benevolent  purposes.  Mr.  Hughes  was  gentle  in 
spirit  and  conservative  in  his  views;  he  was  ready 
for  every  good  work,  and  he  had  the  confidence  of 
all  his  brethren  and  their  highest  esteem.  After  a 
protracted  and  painful  illness  he  died  of  typhoid 
fever,  Feb.  7,  1855.  The  Baptists  of  Missouri, 
where  he  so  long  lived,  cherish  his  memory  with 
great,  love. 

Hulbert,  E.  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Chicago,  111., 
July  10,  1841,  and  was  baptized  at  Burlington 
Flats,  X.  J.,  in  1854.  Entering  Madison  Univer 
sity,  he  continued  in  study  there  through  his  Ju 
nior  year,  taking  his  Senior  year  at  Union  College, 
where  he  graduated  in  1863,  and  at  the  theological 
seminary  in  Hamilton  in  1805.  His  first  service 
was  in  connection  with  the  Christian  Commission, 
in  Grant's  army,  while  before  Richmond,  contin 
uing  in  this  until  the  close  of  the  war.  For  three 
years  from  September,  1805,  he  was  pastor  at  Man 
chester,  N.  II.  In  November,  1868,  he  began  labor 
with  the  Rolling  Mills  Mission  at  Chicago,  and  con 
tinued  there  until  its  organization  as  a  church,  in 
March,  1870.  In  that  year  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  First  Baptist  church,  St.  Paul,  Minn.  ;  in  1874 
was  invited  to  the  First  Baptist  church,  San  Fran 
cisco,  Cal. ;  and  in  1878  became  pastor  of  the 
Fourth  Baptist  church,  Chicago.  Dr.  Hulbert  as  a 
thoughtful,  earnest,  inspiring  preacher,  has  great 
power  with  intelligent  congregations,  while  as  a 
lecturer  before  the  theologicnl  seminary  at  Chicago, 
as  well  as  before  ministers'  institutes,  he  has  devel 
oped  rare  facilitvin  handling  profound  and  weighty 
subjects. 

Hull,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Manchester,  Nova 
Scotia.  He  was  converted  there  in  1819  ;  engaged 
in  missionary  labor  in  Cape  Breton  in  1821.  where 
spirituality  in  religion  was  very  little  known  or 
recognized.  He  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Joseph  Dim- 
ock  in  1825,  and  ordained  at  Wilmot,  Nova  Scotia, 
June  28,  1826.  He  died  Aug.  13,  1829,  at  Sydney, 
Cape  Breton. 

Hull,  Rev.  Robert  Bruce,  pastor  of  the  Taber 
nacle  church  of  New  York  City,  was  born  Jan.  12, 
1841,  in  Kirkcudbrightshire,  Scotland.  His  parents 
shortly  after  his  birth  removed  to  Liverpool,  Eng- 


HUMBLE 


557 


land,  and  after  remaining  there  a  few  years  came 
to  America  and  settled  at   Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  where 
they  now  reside.     His  father,  Robert  Hull,  while 
in  Liverpool,  was  one  of  the  preachers  to  a  Scotch 
Baptist  church  in  that  city.     In  June,  1860,  Robert 
B.  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Cedar 
Street  Baptist  church  of  Buffalo.     He  went  to  Ten 
nessee  in  1864,  and  there,  with  a  relative,  entered 
into  business.     Soon  the  conviction  grew  upon  him 
that  he  must  preach  the  gospel,  and  closing  up  a 
prosperous  establishment,   he  returned  to   Buffalo 
to  prepare  for  college.    This  was  done,  under  a  pri 
vate  tutor,  in  one  year.     In  September,   1S67,  he 
entered  the  University  of  Rochester.     While  in  his 
Freshman  year  he  took  charge  of  a  mission  Sunday- 
school,  near  the  city,  where,  on  Sunday  evening, 
Feb.  16,  1868,  he  preached  his  first  sermon.     God 
set  his  seal  on  the  work,  and  about  twenty  persons 
were  converted.     Finding  that  the  preparation  of 
sermons  interfered  with  college  studies,  he  ceased 
to  preach,  except  in  his  vacations.     His  course  in 
college  was  successful.     He  took  the  second  prize 
for    declamation    in    his    Sophomore    year;     was 
honorably  mentioned  in  connection  with  the  Greek 
prize,  and  also  for  extra  studies  in  French  in   his 
Junior   year  ;    and    received  a  first  prize   for   the 
Senior  prize  essay  at  his  graduation.     He  then  en 
tered    the    Rochester   Theological    Seminary,   and 
preached  through  the  entire  course,  chiefly  at  Roy- 
alton  and  Dansville,  N.  Y.     He  supplied  the  Lock- 
port,  X.  Y.,  Baptist  church  during  his  Senior  year 
in  the  seminary,  and  accepted  a  unanimous  call  to 
become  its  pastor  on  his  graduation.     During  this 
year  a  revival  took  place,  and,  at  the  request  of  the 
church,  he  was  ordained  Feb.  17,  1874.     Over  100 
were  baptized  as  the  result  of  the  revival.     lie  con 
tinued  his  studies,  and  graduated  in  May,   1874. 
During  his  pastorate  at  Lockport,  the  accessions  to 
the  church  by  baptism  were  continuous.    Its  mem 
bership  was  more  than  doubled.     In  March,  1877, 
the  Tabernacle  church  of  New  York,  hearing  of  his 
success,   unanimously  invited   him   to   become   its 
pastor.      Ho    accepted    the   call,   and    is    now   the 
honored   successor  of  Everts,   Lathrop,   Kendrick, 
Hoyt,  and  Hawthorne. 

Humble,  Rev.  Henry,  a  pioneer  preacher  in 
Louisiana,  was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  1765; 
settled  in  Catahoula  Parish,  La.,  1822,  and  in  1826 
gathered  the  First  church  on  the  Ouachita  ;  was 
moderator  of  the  Louisiana  Association  in  1828, 
and  the  following  year  died  while  attending  the 
Association. 

Humble,  Rev.  TllOS.  J.,  the  leading  minister 
of  the  Ouachita  Baptist  Association  in  Louisiana, 
was  born  in  Caldwell  Parish,  La.,  in  1829  ;  has 
long  been  the  efficient  clerk  of  his  Association,  and 
frequently  its  moderator. 

Hume,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  the  son  of  the  Rev. 


Thomas  Hume,  of  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  who,  soon 
after  his  graduation  from  the  university  of  that 
city,  and  his  ordination  as  a  minister  of  the  Es 
tablished  (Presbyterian)  Church,  removed  to  the 
United  States.  Having  settled  in  Virginia,  he 
married  there,  and  united  to  the  duties  of  his  sacred 
calling  the  office  of  classical  teacher.  His  only 
child,  Thomas,  was  born  in  Smithfield,  Isle  of 
Wight  Co.,  Va.,  March  15,  1812.  The  sudden 
death  of  the  father,  while  in  the  act  of  preaching 
the  opening  sermon  as  moderator  of  the  Baltimore 
Presbytery,  occurred  when  the  son  was  scarcely  six 
years  of  age.  His  education  was  interrupted  in  his 
sixteenth  year  by  his  acceptance  of  an  assistant's 
place  in  a  store  in  Petersburg,  Va.  At  the  ace  of 
eighteen  he  made  a  profession  of  religion,  and 
joined  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Petersburg.  His 
marked  decision  of  character,  his  intellectual 
sprightliness.  and  his  earnest  piety  attracted  the 
attention  of  the  devoted  church,  and  he  was  soon 
licensed  to  preach.  After  a  brief  but  fruitful 
training  at  the  Virginia  Baptist  Seminary  (now 
Richmond  College),  he  made  his  first  attempt  at 
preaching  in  Chesterfield  Co.,  Va.  Just  before  his 
twenty-first  year,  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of 
the  Court  Street  Baptist  church,  Portsmouth,  Va., 
which  was  then  small  in  numbers  and  influence, 
as  well  as  burdened  with  temporal  and  spiritual 
troubles.  His  modest  and  scrupulous  reluctance 
was  overcome  by  the  kind  importunities  of  the 
community,  and  the  rapid  growth  of  the  church,  as 
indicated  by  the  erection  of  a  spacious  and  elegant 
house  of  worship  within  four  years  after  his  instal 
lation,  and  by  the  increase  of  the  membership  from 
a  mere  handful  to  050,  proved  the  wisdom  of  his 
choice.  During  this  pastorate  of  nearly  twrenty- 
five  years,  his  enlightened  public  spirit,  his  finan 
cial  knowledge  and  administrative  talent,  gave  him 
great  influence  in  the  commercial  arid  charitable 
enterprises  of  the  city.  He  was  a  director  of  the 
Seaboard  and  Roanoke  Railroad  Company,  presi 
dent  of  the  Providence  Society,  general  superin 
tendent  of  education  in  Portsmouth  and  Norfolk 
Counties,  president  of  the  Portsmouth  Insurance 
Company,  and  prominently  connected,  also,  with 
other  institutions.  His  reputation  and  usefulness 
in  the  denomination  are  attested  by  the  number 
of  important  positions  to  which  he  was  called.  As 
president  of  the  Virginia  Baptist  Bible  Board,  clerk 
and  president  of  the  Portsmouth  Baptist  Associa 
tion,  president  of  the  Baptist  General  Association 
of  Virginia,  trustee  of  the  Columbian  College  (from 
which  he  received  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M.). 
and  of  Richmond  College,  owner  (in  part)  and  treas 
urer  of  the  Chesapeake  Female  College,  organizer 
and  pastor  of  the  Fourth  Street  Baptist  church,  Nor 
folk,  Va.,  he  was  constantly  active  in  the  service 
of  God  and  man.  His  self-sacrificine;  interest  in 


,58 


HUMPHREY 


the  connnunity  to  which  he  gave  his  consecrated 
life  is  specially  remembered  in  connection  with  the 
yellow-fever  epidemic,  which,  in  IS,")."),  desolated 
the  twin  cities  of  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth,  lie  was 
the  fearless,  faithful  pastor  throughout  all  those 
sail  and  weary  months,  and  the  special  guardian 
and  friend  of  the  many  orphans,  while  his  complete 
exemption  in  his  own  person  from  the  pestilence 
enabled  him  to  multiply  his  usefulness  in  every 
direction.  As  a  preacher.  Mr.  Hume  was  marked 
for  Scriptural  soundness  of  doctrine,  spiritual  nnc- 
ti  in  and  pathos  ;lnd  by  practical  wisdom,  (ireat 
revivals  of  religion  in  his  earlier  ministry  accom 
panied  the  orderly  and  successful  administration 
of  the  work  of  the  church  and  Sunday-school  ;  while 
his  financial  -skill  was  such  as  to  distinguish  him 
not  only  in  his  profession,  but  also  in  business 
circles,  yet  the  sincere  fervor  of  his  piety  restrained 
his  undue  absorption  in  worldly  affairs,  and  kept 
his  character  and  his  reputation  alike  unsullied. 
In  the  vigorous  maturity  of  his  powers,  be  became 
suddenly  enfeebled  after  exposure;  in  the  Virginia 
Baptist  Memorial  Campaign  of  1X72.  and  after  two 
years  died,  lamented  and  beloved  by  all  who  knew 
him. 

Hume,  Rev.  Thomas,  Jr.,  son  of  the  Rev. 

Thomas  Hume    and    Mary    Ann    Gregory    Hume, 
was  born  in    Portsmouth.  Va.,  Oct.  21,  1X30.     He 
enjoyed   excellent  opportunities  both  at  home  and 
•at  the  collegiate  institute  of  the  city.     At  the  age 
of  fifteen  he  entered  Richmond  College,  where  he 
obtained  the  degree  of  A.B..  followed  by  that  of 
A.M.     His   studies    were    continued   at   the    Uni 
versity  of  Virginia,  where,  after  graduation  in  sev 
eral  schools,  his  course  was  interrupted  by  a  serious 
illness.     While  at  the  university  he  was  one  of  the 
editors  of  The  Literary  Mit/'izinc,  and  president  of 
the   Young   Men's   Christian    Association.     As  he 
purposed  devoting  himself  to  the  business  of  teach 
ing,  he  accepted  the  professorship  of  Latin.  French. 
and  English  Literature  in  Chesapeake  Female  Col 
lege,  near  Old  Point  Comfort,  but   had   not  fairly 
commenced    work  when    the    war    broke  up    that 
prosperous  institution.     During  his  residence  there 
the  church  in  Portsmouth,  of  which  he  was  a  mem 
ber,  corresponded  with  him  with  regard  to  his  duty 
to   enter   the   ministry,    and    learning   that  his  in 
formal  services  with  the  Christian  Association  had 
been  blessed,  urged  upon  him  the  propriety  of  ac 
cepting  a  license  to  preach.      Having  entered  the 
Confederate  service  at  the  opening  of  the  war,  he 
was   soon    called   by  the  3d  Va.   (Infantry)    Regi 
ment  to  officiate  for  them,  and  he  received  an  ap 
pointment    as    their    chaplain.     The    authorities, 
however,  soon  transferred   him   to  the   post-chap 
laincy  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  a  very  important  hospi 
tal  station,  around  which  the  lines  of  a  protracted 
siege  were  fast  closing. 


Since  the  war  Mr.  Hume  has  been  at  various 
times  principal  of  the  Petersburg  Classical  Insti 
tute  (at  the  same  time  supplying  country  pulpits 
in  Sussex  and  Chesterfield  Counties,  Va.),  Professor 
of  Languages  and  Literature;  in  Roanoke  Female 
College,  Danville.  A'a..  pastor  of  the  Danville  Bap 
tist  church,  and  of  the  Cumberland  Baptist  church, 
Norfolk,  Va..  and  Professor  of  the  Knglish  Lan 
guage  and  Literature  in  the  Norfolk  (Female) 
Collegiate  Institute.  His  interest  in  literary  pur 
suits,  especially  in  English  studies,  has  accom 
panied  but  not  interfered  with  his  regular  devotion 
to  the  higher  work  of  the  ministry.  Mr.  Hume  is 
an  earnest  and  forcible  preacher  and  a  successful 
pastor.  As  a  writer  he  is  vigorous,  classical,  and 
chaste,  and  among  the  younger  of  the  Virginia 
ministers  is  marked  for  his  genial  social  quali 
ties,  his  intellectual  acuteness,  and  his  accurate 
and  varied  attainments. 

Humphrey,  Hon.  Friend,  was  born  in  Sims- 
bury,  Conn.,  March  X.  17-S7  :  at  nineteen  he  was 


IIOX.    FRIEND    HUMPHKEY. 

converted  and  bapti/ed  :  in  1X10  he  removed  to 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  and  commenced  business  for  him 
self;  in  1X11  he  was  one  of  the  constituent  mem 
bers  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  his  adopted 
city,  in  1S34  he  was  one  of  the  constituent  mem 
bers  of  the  Pearl  Street  church.  He  was  several 
terms  mayor  of  Albany.  He  was  also  a  member 
of  the  State  senate.  He  was  a  man  of  great  courage 
in  times  of  pestilence,  and  as  unselfish  as  he  was 
brave.  His  liberality  was  universal ;  "  no  im 
provement,  no  enterprise,  no  mission,  no  charity 


HUMPHREY 


559 


HUNTIXGTON 


that  commended  itself  to  the  wise  and  liberal,"  was 
without  his  aid.  It  is  supposed  that  his  contribu 
tions  to  benevolent  objects  reached  $100.000.  "  He 
was  a  noble  specimen  of  a  man.  a  universal  philan 
thropist.  The  name  of  Friend  Humphrey  will 
never  be  forgotten  in  Albany.''  He  died  March 
14,  JS54.  The  stores  of  the  city  were  closed  during 
the  services  at  his  funeral  ;  a  profound  stillness 
showed  tlie  love  and  sorrow  of  Albany;  the  city 
government  and  a  large  concourse  of  people  fol 
lowed  the  remains  to  their  last  resting-place,  and 
tears  fell  from  many  eyes. 

Humphrey,  Rev.  Luther,  was  born  in  Glover, 
Vt.,  Aug.  19,  1808;  died  at  Augusta,  Wis.,  Aug. 
17,  1876;  educated  at  Potsdam  Academy  and  at 
Amherst  College.  After  teaching  as  the  principal 
of  Southport  Academy,  X.  Y.,  he  prosecuted  a 
course  of  theological  study  at  Hamilton,  X.  Y.  He 
was  settled  as  pastor  at  Lorraine.  Covington,  ami 
Massena,  in  New  York,  and  at  Mazomanie  and 
Augusta.  Wis.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  not 
in  the  active  work  of  the  ministry  owing  to  en 
feebled  health. 

Humpstone,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Manches 
ter,  England,  May  4.  1850.  He  is  the  son  of  Rev. 
William  Humpstone,  and  came  to  America  with 
his  father  when  a  lad.  At  twelve  years  of  age  he 
assisted  his  father  in  public  worship  in  Music  Hall, 
Worcester,  England,  by  reading  from  the  pulpit 
the  Scriptures  and  the  hymns,  thus  forecasting  the 
work  of  his  life.  On  the  25th  of  December,  1864, 
he  was  baptized  by  Rev.  J.  E.  Cheshire,  and  became 
a  member  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Falls  of  Schuvl- 
kill,  Philadelphia.  A  few  months  later  he  <;avo 
promise  of  usefulness  by  the  delivery  of  an  address 
of  remarkable  ability  for  one  of  his  age.  In  1S71 
he  was  graduated  from  Lewisburg  University,  and 
in  1S74  from  Crozer  Theological  Seminary.  Before 
his  studies  were  completed  he  was  compelled  to 
leave  school  for  a  year,  during  which  time  he  sup 
plied  the  church  in  Gal  way,  N.  Y.  A  revival  was 
the  result,  and  43  converts  desired  to  be  baptized 
by  him,  and  for  this  reason  a  council  was  called 
and  he  was  ordained  at  Galway  in  1873.  His  first 
pastorate  was  at  Manayunk,  Philadelphia,  where 
he  was  settled  in  1874.  In  1877  ho  accepted  a  call 
to  the  Calvary  Baptist  church,  Albany,  X.  Y.,  where 
at  the  present  writing  his  labors  are  greatly  blessed. 

Hunt,  Rev.  Abraham  S.,  A.M.,  was  born  near 
Digby,  Nova  Scotia;  converted  and  baptized  in  St. 
John,  New  Brunswick ;  graduated  from  Acadia 
College,  June,  1844;  ordained  at  Dartmouth  the 
following  November;  became  co-pastor,  in  1847, 
with  the  venerable  Edward  Manning,  of  the  Corn- 
wallis  church,  and  his  successor  in  1851  ;  returned 
to  Dartmouth  in  1869  ;  appointed  superintendent 
of  education  in  Nova  Scotia  in  1X70,  and  consci 
entiously  performed  his  duties  till  he  died,  in  1877. 


Hunt,  Rev.  George,  was  born  in  Fayette  Co., 
Ky.,  June  9,  1831.  He  united  with  East  Hickman 
Baptist  church  in  1844;  was  educated  at  George 
town  College,  and  graduated  in  1849.  He  wTas  or 
dained  to  the  pastorate  of  Maysville  Baptist  church 
in  1850.  In  1858  he  was  elected  Professor  of  The 
ology  in  Georgetown  College,  where  he  remained 
until  1SG1.  In  1862  he  was  elected  president  of 
Bethel  College,  and  occupied  the  position  two  years. 
He  has  since  been  pastor  of  Main  Street  Baptist 
church,  in  Bowling  Green,  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Lexington,  the  church  at  Versailles,  and  is  now 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Hillsborough,  Woodford 
Co.,  all  in  Kentucky.  He  has  baptized  about  400 
persons  into  the  churches  of  which  he  has  been 
pastor,  lie  is  now  conducting  a  school  at  Ver 
sailles  in  connection  with  his  pastoral  work. 

Hunt,  Judge  Joseph  D.,  was  born  in  Fayette 
Co.,  Ky.,  in  1838.  He  is  a  brother  of  Rev.  George 
Hunt,  who,  on  the  death  of  their  father,  became 
his  guardian  and  superintended  his  education.  He 
graduated  with  the  honors  of  a  class  of  forty-nine 
at  Center  College,  Ky.,  in  1857.  He  graduated  in 
the  law  department  of  the  University  of  Louisville. 
In  1862  he  entered  the  Confederate  army  as  a  vol 
unteer,  and  remained  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
On  the  return  of  peace  he  resumed  his  profession. 
In  1873  he  was  appointed  by  Gov.  Leslie  judge  of 
the  tenth  judicial  district  of  Kentucky  to  fill  a 
vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Judge  Thomas.  In 
1874  he  was  elected  by  the  people  to  the  same  po 
sition  and  served  six  years,  but  declined  re-election 
and  resumed  the  practice  of  law.  He  is  an  hon 
ored  member  of  East  Hickman  Baptist  church. 

Huntington,  Adoniram    Judson,    D.D.,    the 

youngest  son  of  the  Rev.  Elijah  Huntirigton,  was 
born  in  Braintree,  Vt.,  July  6,  1818.  Though  he 
lost  his  father  before  he  was  ten  years  of  age.  yet 
he  was  blessed,  during  his  boyhood  and  youth,  with 
the  careful  guidance  of  a  mother  eminent  for  pru 
dence  and  tenderness,  and  for  consistent  and  earnest 
piety.  At  the  age  of  thirteen  he  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  Braintree,  of  which  his  father 
was  for  a  long  period  the  pastor,  lie  entered,  in 
September,  1837,  the  Freshman  class  in  Brown 
University.  Here  ho  remained  less  than  a  month, 
on  account  of  that  ill  health  which  had  before,  as 
it  has  often  since,  been  a  serious  obstacle  to  his  in 
tellectual  pursuits,  and  from  this  cause  he  was 
compelled  to  suspend  his  studies  for  an  entire  year, 
the  latter  part  of  which  he  spent  with  a  very  kind 
relative  and  benefactor,  the  late  Dr.  Eleazer  Parmly. 
in  the  city  of  New  York.  In  the  pleasant  home  of 
this  gentleman  he  passed  also  the  following  year, 
at  the  same  time  pursuing  his  studies  as  a  member 
of  the  Freshman  class  of  the  Columbia  College. 
In  this  class  he  attained  the  second  place  in  schol 
arship,  the  Hon.  A.  S.  Hewitt  having  occupied  the 


IIUNTINGTON 


Hl'XTIXGTON 


first.  In  September,  1S3'.',  ho  returned  to  Brown 
University,  where  he  spent  the  Sophomore  and  a 
part  of  tlie  -Junior  year,  when  failing  health  insult; 
it  necessary  for  him  again  to  leave  college.  Soon 


ADOXIRAM    JfDSON     IIUNTIXGTOX,   D.TX 

afterwards  he  engaged  as  a  teacher,  as  in  those 
days  so  many  Northern  .students  were  accustomed 
to  do,  in  the  more  genial  climate  of  the  South,  and 
in  this  occupation  passed  a  year  and  a  half  in  Mid 
dlesex  Co.,  Va.  Fearing  the  rigors  of  a  Northern 
climate,  he  completed  his  collegiate  course  at  the 
Columbian  College,  1).  C.,  where  he  graduated  in 
October,  1843.  Immediately  after  he  became  tutor 
in  the  same  institution  in  the  Greek  and  Latin  lan 
guages.  In  June,  1844,  he  married  Miss  Bettie  G. 
Christian,  the  daughter  of  Dr.  K.  A.  Christian,  of 
Middlesex  Co.,  Ya.  Having  filled  the  office  of 
tutor  for  three  yesirs,  he  was  elected  professor  of 
the  same  departments,  and  after  filling  this  position 
with  great  success  for  three  years,  he  resigned  it 
for  the  purpose  of  entering  upon  what  he  regarded 
as  the  chosen  vocation  of  his  life, — the  ministry  of 
the  gospel, — and  was  ordained  in  June,  1849.  His 
first  pastoral  charge  was  in  Lexington,  Ya.,  which 
he  relinquished  (and  to  which  he  was  afterwards 
again  invited)  for  a  wider  field  of  labor  in  Chelsea, 
Mass.  After  a  year  of  successful  service  in  the 
First  Baptist  church  of  this  place  (having  been 
called  also  at  a  later  period  to  the  Carey  Avenue 
Baptist  church  of  Chelsea),  he  received  an  unso 
licited  invitation  to  resume  his  former  professorship 
in  the  Columbian  College,  which,  from  considersi- 
tions  of  health,  he  accepted.  After  occupying  this 


chair  for  seven  years  he  again  retired  from  it,  in 
lN.r>9,  in  hopes  of  being  able  to  resume  the  duties 
of  the  ministry.  After  spending  between  one  and 
two  years  in  Fsirmville,  Ya.,  where  his  labors  were 
signally  blessed,  he  accepted,  in  September,  18GO,  a 
call  from  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Augusta,  Ga., 
and  in  this  field,  which  was  regarded  as  one  of  the 
most  important  in  the  denomination  in  the  South. 
and  in  those  troublous  war  times  he  so  discharged 
the  duties  of  his  office  for  some  five  years  that,  with 
the  divine  blessing,  the  peace  and  prosperity  of  the 
church  were  promoted.  Within  this  period  he  was 
selected  to  deliver,  at  the  Georgia  Baptist  State 
Convention,  an  annual  address  before  the  Bible  and 
Colportage  Society,  and  sigain  to  preach  the  annusil 
sermon  on  ministerial  education.  Soon  after  the 
resignation  of  the  charge  of  this  church,  in  August, 
1865,  he  was  again  invited  to  the  Columbian  Col 
lege  to  fill  the  Greek  professorship,  on  which  he 
entered  in  September,  1806.  This  position  he  has 
ever  since  occupied,  excepting  some  fifteen  months 
spent  in  Europe  in  ]Sf>7-68,  partly  in  travel  in 
pursuit  of  health  as  well  as  knowledge,  and  partly 
in  study  at  Athens  and  Heidelberg.  During  the 
periods  of  his  professorship  he  has  given  a  consid 
erable  part  of  his  Sabbaths  to  the  preaching  of  the 
gospel.  He  published  while  in  Augusta  a  tract  of 
some  thirty  pages  on  the  "  Moral  and  Religious 
Training  of  Children,''  and  in  April,  1877,  in  the 
Baptist  Quarterly,  an  article  on  "  Ancient  Attica 
and  Athens  ;''  besides  which  he  has  mside  occa 
sional  contributions  to  religious  journals.  He  re 
ceived  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Brown  University 
in  1868.  Dr.  Iluntington  as  an  educator  is  clear, 
thorough,  and  exact;  as  a  preacher  impressive  and 
instructive  ;  and  as  a  man  genial,  affable,  and  of 
"  good  report  of  them  which  sire  without.'1 

Huntington,  Rev.  Elijah,  was  bom  in  Mans 
field,  Conn.,  Aug.  21,  1763.  His  ancestors  settled 
in  that  State  at  an  early  period,  and  from  them  has 
sprung  the  numerous  family  of  Huntingtons  in 
Connecticut  and  other  States.  He  was  a  soldier 
of  the  Revolutionary  army,  and  soon  after  its  close 
he  removed  to  Vermont,  where  he  was  employed 
for  a  time  as  a  teacher.  When  about  twenty-seven 
years  of  age  he  was  converted,  and  united  with  the 
Baptist  church  at  Roysilton.  In  June,  1800,  he 
was  ordained  in  Braintree,  Vt.,  as  an  evangelist. 
Immediately  he  became  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  that  town,  and  he  held  this  office  till  his  death, 
June  24,  1828. 

Mr.  Iluntington  had  a  strong,  discriminating,  and 
well-balanced  mind.  He  was  a  successful  teacher 
of  youth,  a  forcible  and  sicceptable  speaker,  and  an 
instructive  preacher  of  the  gospel.  In  every  rela 
tion  of  life  he  may  be  ssiid  to  have  been  an  example 
worthy  of  imitation. 

In  regard  to  his  piety,  it  may  probably  be  safely 


HUNTINGTON 


Hi' I  ID 


asserted  that  no  man  in  the  region  in  which  he 
lived  was  more  distinguished  for  a  holy  and  blame 
less  life.  It  seemed  to  be  his  constant  aim  to  know 
and  to  do  the  will  of  that  Master  to  whom  he  hud 
devoted  himself  without  reserve.  "  The  law  of  God 
seemed  to  be  engraven  on  his  heart.''  From  the 
very  thought  of  violating  the  divine  commands  lie 
apparently  shrunk  with  horror.  And  yet  he  placed 
a  very  low  estimate  upon  his  own  piety  ;  his  hu 
mility  was  one  of  his  most  striking  characteristics. 

As  a  preacher  he  thoroughly  and  prayerfully 
studied  the  Bible,  clearly  expounded  its  doctrines, 
and  faithfully  enforced  its  precepts.  His  sermons 
were  thoughtful,  able,  evangelical,  earnest,  and 
faithful.  "Occasionally  he  rose  above  himself, 
and,  as  though  endued  with  extraordinary  power, 
presented  truth  in  a  manner  the  most  clear  and 
impressive.'' 

His  influence  was  extensive,  permanent,  and  in 
every  respect  salutary.  Nor  were  his  efforts  to  do 
good  limited  to  his  own  neighborhood.  "  He  was 
an  ardent  friend  of  foreign  missions,  and  prayed 
and  labored,  as  well  as  gave  of  his  substance,  for 
the  spread  of  the  gospel.  His  end  was  peace.  In 
view  of  it  he  said,  "I  wish  not  to  choose  for  my 
self;  I  think  it  is  my  greatest  desire  that  God  may 
be  glorified  by  me  in  life  and  in  death." 

A  biographical  notice  of  Mr.  Huntington  appeared 
in  the  American  Baptist  Magazine  of  February.  1829, 
written  by  Rev.  A.  Nichols,  of  blessed  memory,  then 
pastor  of  the  Congregational  church  in  Braintree, 
who,  for  twenty  years,  lived  only  three  or  four  miles 
from  Mr.  Iluntington.  Appended  to  that  obituary 
the  following  note  appears:  Mr.  Iluntington  was  at 
the  house  of  a  friend,  when  conversation  was  casu 
ally  introduced  respecting  Mr.  Nichols.  Mr.  Ilunt 
ington  remarked,  "  I  do  not  know  of  a  man  I  should 
be  willing  to  exchange  for  Mr.  Nichols."  Not  long 
after  Mr.  Nichols  was  at  the  same  place,  and  con 
versation  was  in  a  similar  manner  introduced 
concerning  Mr.  Iluntington.  Mr.  Nichols  ob 
served,  "  I  do  not  know  of  a  man  I  should  be  will 
ing  to  exchange  for  Mr.  Iluntington.''  The  refer 
ences  to  each  other  mentioned  in  this  note  show 
bo!,h  the  high  character  of  the  two  men  and  their 
mutual  friendship. 

Huntington,  Rev.  Joseph,  son  of  Rev.  Elijah 
Iluntington,  was  born  in  Braintree,  Vt.,  July  27, 
1811.  In  the  ordinary  frivolities  of  childhood  and 
youth  he  had  little  disposition  to  engage.  He  was 
habitually  serious  and  contemplative,  and  often 
exhibited  deep  convictions  of  sin  and  anxiety  for 
his  salvation.  It  was  not,  however,  till  the  revival 
of  1831  that  he  found  peace  in  believing,  and  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  in  Braintree.  As  he  had 
felt  a  deep  and  most  painful  sense  of  his  need  of 
Christ  as  a  Saviour,  so  his  love  to  him  was  ardent 
and  his  consecration  unreserved.  Having  deter 


mined  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry  of  the  gos 
pel,  he  commenced  the  study  of  the  Greek  and  Latin 
languages,  in  which  he  made  great  progress.  He 
entered  Middlebury  College,  in  his  native  State, 
from  which,  at  the  expiration  of  four  years  (in 
1837),  he  graduated,  having  maintained  during  his 
whole  course  a  standing  second  to  no  one  in  his 
class.  As  a  proof  of  the  estimation  in  which  he 
was  held  by  his  fellow-students  they  assigned  to 
him  the  most  honorable  part  in  the  anniversary 
exercises  of  their  literary  society  on  the  day  be 
fore  commencement,  while  the  offer  of  a  tutorship 
in  the  college,  soon  after  his  graduation,  showed 
the  respect  entertained  for  him  by  the  faculty  of 
the  institution.  This,  however,  he  did  not  accept. 
In  183S  he  entered  the  theological  institution  at 
Newton,  Mass.  ;  but,  in  hope  of  finding  the  duties 
of  a  country  pastor  more  favorable  to  his  declining 
health,  and  in  consideration  of  the  pressing  need 
of  ministers  in  his  native  State,  he  reluctantly  re 
turned  to  Vermont  in  less  than  a  year,  and  was 
ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  East 
Williamstown.  After  a  few  months  of  very  ac 
ceptable  and  useful  service  lie  was  compelled  to 
relinquish  all  ministerial  duties.  Soon  afterwards, 
to  recruit  his  health,  he  went  to  South  Carolina 
and  Georgia,  where  he  passed  a  winter,  but  in  the 
following  spring  he  returned  to  Vermont  without 
improvement.  Here,  at  the  home  of  his  mother,  he 
lingered  for  a  year,  and  died  of  consumption  April 
26,  1843.  Thus  prematurely  passed  away  this  de 
voted  servant  of  Christ,  who  nevertheless  had  lived 
long  enough  to  secure  the  high  esteem,  the  warm 
friendship,  and  the  strong  confidence  of  all  who 
knew  him  well.  His  mind  was  strong  and  logical. 
He  had  great  power  of  acquiring  knowledge  as  well 
as  untiring  industry.  He  was  a  speaker  of  uncom 
mon  readiness,  conciseness,  earnestness,  and  force. 
His  sermons  were  methodic€il,  lucid,  and  pungent. 
His  piety  was  ardent  and  consistent,  characterized 
by  deep  feeling,  and  still  more  by  inflexible  prin 
ciple.  Nothing  could  make  him  swerve  from  what 
he  deemed  to  be  right.  His  conduct  was  riot  only 
above  reproach,  but  also  above  suspicion.  He 
seemed  to  have  brought  his  passions  and  appetites, 
his  heart,  his  intellect,  and  his  will  into  subjection 
to  Christ.  The  delineation,  indeed,  of  his  char 
acter  would  be  an  enumeration  of  the  virtues  that 
most  adorn  the  man  and  of  the  graces  that  most 
closely  liken  the  Christian  to  his  Master. 

As  his  grand  aim  in  life  was  to  do  the  divine 
will,  so  he  cheerfully  submitted  to  that  will  when 
he  saw  his  earthly  career  coming  to  so  early  a  close, 
and  at  last,  knowing  in  whom  he  believed,  he  calmly 
and  even  joyfully  committed  his  soul  to  his  keep 
ing. 

Kurd,  Rev.  James  Christie,  M.D.,  was  born 
in  Nova  Scotia,  April  17,  1829.  He  early  prepared 


lira  LEY 


himself  for  the  practice  of  medicine,  but  soon  felt 
that  it  was  his  duty  to  preach.  In  1873  lie  became 
pastor  of  the  Cedar  Street  Baptist  church,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  While  residing  in  Buffalo  he  practised  medi 
cine  for  a  time,  and  afterwards  occupied  an  edito 
rial  position  on  the  Buffalo  Kxjn-cxs.  From  Buffalo 
he  went  to  St.  Thomas,  Ontario,  as  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church.  lie  came  to  Iowa  in  1S7<>  and 
took  charge  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Marshall- 
town,  and  soon  became  identified  with  his  brethren 
of  the  State  in  all  the  general  interests  of  the  de 
nomination.  In  October,  IS"*1*1,  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Iowa  Baptist  State  Convention, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1879,  always  meeting  the  du 
ties  of  this  position  with  signal  ability.  In  1878 
he  became  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Bur 
lington,  lie  died  in  the  harness  on  Sunday,  Dec. 
21, 1879. 

Hurley,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Warwick 
shire,  England,  Feb.  5,  1795.  At  eighteen  he  was 
converted  and  soon  commenced  preaching.  He 
was  ordained  in  1822.  Preached  for  ten  years  in 
England  with  marked  success.  In  1828  he  came 
to  America  ;  preached  a  year  in  Providence,  R.  I., 
and  afterwards  came  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.  In  1831  he 
took  charge  of  the  Fee  Fee  Baptist  church.  He 
was  at  the  organization  of  the  General  Association 
of  Missouri  in  1835,  and  that  year  he  became  pas 
tor  of  the  Palmyra  church,  and  afterwards  of  Bethel 
Baptist  church.  Subsequently  for  years  he  labored 
as  an  evangelist.  He  was  earnest,  self-denying, 
and  very  successful  in  leading  souls  to  Jesus. 

Dr.  Fisk  wrote  his  memoir,  which  shows  that  he 
was  a  man  of  unusual  talent,  culture,  and  elo 
quence.  His  last  address  was  at  the  laying  of  the 
corner-stone  of  an  institution  of  learning.  He  was 
a  Mason  of  high  standing  and  lectured  eloquently 
to  the  "  craft."  He  loved  standard  literature,  and 
advocated  its  study,  lie  was  a  man  of  deep  piety  ; 
his  memory  will  long  be  lovingly  cherished  in  Mis 
souri,  and  his  influence  for  good  be  perpetuated. 
lie  died  Aug.  3,  1856,  in  Troy,  Lincoln  Co.,  Mo., 
in  the  sixty-first  year  of  his  life. 

Hutchens,  Prof.  Allen  Sabin,  a  native  of  Spaf- 
ford,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  was  born  Dec.  8,  1817. 
lie  spent  his  early  youth  in  Medina,  N.  Yr.  When 
but  a  boy  his  father  removed  to  Adrian,  Mich., 
where  he  grew  up  to  manhood.  He  was  educated 
at  Denison  University,  Granville,  0.,  from  which 
he  graduated  in  1843.  He  subsequently  studied 
theology  at  Newton,  Mass.  He  taught  at  Denison 
University  and  at  the  Baptist  Academy  at  Norwalk, 
O.  But  the  chief  work  of  his  life  has  been  done  in 
connection  with  Wayland  University,  at  Beaver 
Dam,  Wis.  He  was  called  to  the  presidency  of 
this  institution  in  1857,  and  has  been  connected 
with  it,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  years,  through 
out  its  entire  history.  Prof.  Ilutchens  is  a  Chris 


tian  teacher  of  fine  culture  and  attainments.  He 
stands  high  as  a  Greek  scholar.  He  has  been  a 
hard  worker,  and  in  the  very  prime  of  his  life,  with 
health  so  impaired  as  to  prevent  his  further  labor 
in  the  class-room,  at  present  he  is  living  in  retire 
ment  at  Beaver  Dam. 

Hlltchins,  Rev.  Hiram,  was  educated  at  Madi 
son  University  ;  ordained  in  Richfield,  N.  Y.,  in 
August,  1840;  served  the  church  of  Charlestown, 
Mass.,  as  pastor,  and  the  church  of  Roxbury,  and  in 
1S(')0  took  charge  of  a  church  in  Brooklyn,  of  which 
lie  is  still  the  beloved  pastor.  For  several  years  he 
was  president  of  the  American  Baptist  Free  Mis 
sion  Society.  His  long  ministry  of  forty  years  has 
been  blessed  with  many  tokens  of  divine  approba 
tion. 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  Elijah,  was  born  in  Marion, 
X.  Y.,  June  7,  18 10,  and  removed  with  his  parents 
to  Newport,  X.  II.,  when  he  was  a  child.  He  was 
baptized  by  Rev.  Ira  Pearson.  Impressed  that  it 
was  his  duty  to  preach  the  gospel,  he  studied  at 
New  Hampton,  and  at  Portsmouth,  under  the 
tuition  of  Dr.  Baron  Stow,  and  took  the  full 
course  at  Newton.  In  the  autumn  of  1834  he  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  church  at  Windsor.  A't,.  and 
continued  in  office  for  twenty  years.  After  sus 
pending  his  work  for  two  years,  he  resumed  his 
pastorate  with  the  church  at  Windsor,  where  he 
laliored  for  five  years  longer.  This  ministry  of 
twenty-five  years  with  one  church,  his  only  charge, 
was  full  of  blessing  to  his  people.  His  labors  also, 
at  times,  extended  beyond  his  more  immediate  field, 
and  the  feeble  churches  in  his  neighborhood  en 
joyed  the  benefit  of  his  instructions.  He  came  to 
be  regarded  as  a  leader  in  all  good  enterprises,  and 
his  counsels  Avere  sought  and  followed  by  those 
who  asked  his  advice.  He  enjoyed  a  very  large 
measure  of  the  respect  and  esteem  of  his  brethren 
in  Vermont,  and  left  the  impress  of  his  Christian 
influence  upon  the  Baptist  cause  in  that  State. 
Mr.  Ilutchinson  died  at  Windsor,  April  5,  1872. 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  Elisha,  was  born  in  Sharon. 
Conn.,  Dec.-  22,  1749.  After  his  conversion,  at 
twenty,  there  seemed  to  be  an  awakening  of  his  in 
tellectual  powers.  He  longed  to  preach  the  gospel. 
Avhich  had  done  so  much  for  him.  He  commenced 
a  course  of  preparatory  study  under  the  tuition  of 
Rev.  Dr.  Wheelock,  at  Lebanon,  Conn.,  and  joined 
the  Congregational  church  of  which  his  instructor 
Avas  the  pastor.  He  was  a  member  of  the  first  class 
that  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1775. 
Shortly  after  leaving  college  he  was  licensed  as  an 
evangelist,  and  preached  some  years,  when  he  was 
ordained  in  the  year  1 778  as  pastor  of  the  Congre 
gational  church  in  Westford,  Conn.,  where  he  re 
mained  five  years.  In  1785  he  accepted  a  call  to 
the  Congregational  church  in  Pomfret,  Vt.,  where 
he  remained  for  about  ten  years.  For  the  next  few 


HUTCHINSON 


563 


HUTCHINSON 


years  he  supplied  churches  in  Vermont  and  Massa 
chusetts.  In  1800  he  changed  his  views  on  the 
mode  and  subjects  of  Christian  baptism,  and  became 
a  decided  Baptist.  After  various  charges  he  was 
invited  to  become  the  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church 
in  Newport,  N.  II.,  in  IS  14.  Four  years  after,  he 
was  blessed  with  a  powerful  revival  of  religion,  and 
in  about  ten  months  110  united  with  the  church, 
adding  very  greatly  to  its  efficiency.  After  this 
revival,  feeling  the  infirmities  of  age,  Mr.  Ilutch- 
inson  resigned  his  pastorate,  but  remained  a  res 
ident  in  the  place  where  his  labors  had  been  so 
signally  blessed  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
April  19,  1833. 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  Enoch,  was  born  in  Marion, 
N.  Y.,  in  June,  IS  10,  and  was  a  graduate  of  Water- 
ville  College  in  the  class  of  1834,  and  of  the  New 
ton  Theological  Institution  in  the  class  of  1837. 
He  was  ordained  in  Boston,  Nov.  26,  1837.  lie  was 
pastor  of  the  church  in  Framingham,  Mass.,  one 
year,  and  Professor  of  Theology  in  the  Maine  Bap 
tist  Theological  Institute  at  Thomaston,  Me.,  for 
one  year.  For  some  time  he  was  editor  of  the 
Baptist  Memorial, — 1846-51.  The  results  of  his 
Oriental  studies  are  embodied  in  his  "  SyriacGram- 
mar.''  lie  is  the  author  of  "  Music  of  the  Bible." 
Mr.  Ilutchinson  has  resided  for  several  years  in 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Hutchinson,  Gov.  John,  was  born  at  Notting 
ham.  England,  in  September,  1616.  lie  was  the 
son  of  Sir  Thomas  Ilutchinson,  and  of  the  Lady 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Biron,  of  New- 
stead.  When  he  reached  a  proper  age  he  spent  five 
years  in  the  University  of  Cambridge,  where  he 
greatly  improved  his  opportunities  for  acquiring  a 
superior  education.  After  his  marriage,  which  oc 
curred  July  3,  lb'38,  he  retired  with  his  wife  to 
Owthorpe,  near  Nottingham.  There  his  mind  be 
came  deeply  exercised  about  religion,  and  he  spent 
two  entire  years  in  the  study  of  divinity.  During 
this  period  he  was  enabled  to  put  his  whole  trust 
in  the  Saviour,  and  he  was  led  to  see  that  salvation 
never  entered  a  human  heart  through  free  will  or 
creature  merits,  but  through  sovereign  grace  and 
the  blood  of  Christ.  From  that  period  his  faith 
warmly  embraced  the  doctrine  of  God's  election 
and  of  his  minute  overruling  providence.  lie  cher 
ished  a  fervent  love  for  the  Saviour  and  his  people, 
and  a  tender  compassion  for  the  impenitent  and  for 
personal  enemies.  The  cavaliers  and  high-church 
men  of  his  day,  the  men  who  caught  the  spirit 
of  Archbishop  Laud  and  his  fellow-conspirators 
against  Christ's  truth  and  British  liberty,  were  all 
Arminians,  and  Mr.  Ilutchinson  was  necessarilv 
placed  in  the  ranks  of  the  defenders  of  the  Com 
monwealth. 

In  the  struggle  which  resulted  in  the  overthrow 
and  death  of  Charles  I.,  he  was  made  governor  of 


the  castle  and  town  of  Nottingham,  and  he  became 
colonel  of  a  regiment  which  lie  raised.  The  castle 
was  a  ruin  and  the  town  was  full  of  traitors,  some 
of  whom  were  fitted  by  talents  and  malice  to  <rive 


GOV.  JOHN    HUTCHINSON. 

much  trouble.  Nottingham  was  a  place  of  great 
importance  to  Charles  and  the  Parliament.  Under 
the  care  of  the  new  governor  the  castle  was  greatly 
strengthened,  and  forts  were  erected  to  guard  the 
town,  malcontents  were  kept  in  check,  the  love  of 
liberty  was  fostered,  and  the  best  interests  of  the 
peopl-e  were  secured.  Repeated  attacks  of  the  foe 
were  ignominiously  defeated,  and  difficulties  that 
overwhelmed  others,  and  that  would  have  crushed 
any  ordinary  leader,  were  surmounted  with  ease 
and  honor.  And  when  the  sword  of  the  king  could 
not  conquer  the  valiant  governor  and  his  men,  im 
mense  sums  of  money  were  offered  to  corrupt  Gov. 
Ilutchinson  and  secure  the  stronghold.  But  it  was 
held  for  the  Parliament  until  Charles  lost  his  head 
and  the  civil  war  was  ended. 

The  fame  of  the  governor  spread  all  over  his 
country.  His  skill,  heroism,  patience,  and  success 
made  him  dear  to  the  hearts  of  all  the  friends  of 
liberty  in  his  native  country.  He  was  elected  to 
the  House  of  Commons,  and  he  occupied  a  con 
spicuous  and  influential  place  in  its  debates. 
Cromwell  early  saw  his  extraordinary  ability,  and 
tried  to  enlist  him  on  his  side,  but  the  governor 
quickly  penetrated  the  selfish  schemes  of  the  future 
"  uncrowned  king"  of  England,  and  though  Ireton, 
the  son-in-law  of  Cromwell,  was  his  cousin  and 
trusted  friend,  he  speedily  informed  the  hero  of 


r>r>4 


in'TCUINSON 


Marston  Moor  that  he  had  not  fought  against  one 
tyrant  to  assist  in  building  the  throne  of  another. 
And  from  that  moment  the  coming  Protector  used 
every  art  to  keep  him  from  military  promotion. 
Had  it  not  been  for  Cromwell,  Gov.  Ilutchinson 
would  have  been  in  a  position,  in  all  human  prob 
ability,  to  have  perpetuated  a  republic  in  the  IJritish 
Islands.  He  was  one  of  the  judges  that  tried 
Charles  I.,  and  signed  his  death-warrant. 

After  the  return  of  Charles  II.  the  English  peo 
ple  for  a  time  acted  as  if  a  wave  of  insanity  bad 
swept  over  the  nation  ;  the  son  of  a  deceitful  and 
bloodthirsty  despot,  himself  a  treacherous  libertine, 
was  hailed  with  rapturous  joy  wherever  he  went; 
the  enthusiasm  was  so  general  that  hosts  of  the 
followers  of  Cromwell  w«re  carried  away  either 
through  terror  or  a  change  of  mind,  and  they  made 
the  air  ring  with  their  shouts  for  the  king.  The 
governor  during  this  period  of  national  madness 
kept  his  mind  calm,  and  his  heart  courageous  in 
his  God,  and  while  he  took  proper  measures  to  pro 
tect  himself  he  recanted  no  principle,  he  denied  no 
act,  he  betrayed  no  friend.  In  a  time  when  life 
could  be  purchased  and  large  estates  protected  by 
information  treacherously  imparted,  any  amount 
of  which  was  at  his  disposal,  repeated  opportunities 
to  communicate  which  were  given  him  by  the  at 
torney-general  and  others,  he  despised  the  mean 
ness  so  common  and  so  frequently  commended  of 
protecting  himself  by  the  sacrifice  of  others. 

For  a  season  he  was  unmolested  at  Owthorpe. 
lie  carefully  attended  to  home  duties,  avoiding  all 
connection  with  politics,  expounding  the  Scriptures 
on  the  Lord's  day  to  his  family  instead  of  attending 
the  ministry  of  some  semi-Catholic  in  the  parish 
church.  But  at  last  he  was  arrested,  and  soon  after 
he  was  removed  to  the  Tower  of  London,  and  from 
it  he  was  taken  to  Sandown  Castle,  in  Kent,  where 
lie  died  Sept.  10,  1664,  in  the  forty-ninth  year  of 
his  age.  During  the  eleven  months  of  his  impris 
onment  he  enjoyed  a  large  measure  of  the  sustain 
ing  grace  of  God,  and  a  foretaste  of  heavenly 
blessedness  made  his  death-bed  a  scene  of  special 

Gov.  Ilutchinson  believed  that  in  religious  affairs 
secular  legislation  had  no  place.  He  abhorred  all 
persecution  for  conscience'  sake.  When  George 
Fox,  the  founder  of  the  "  Society  of  Friends,"  was 
imprisoned  in  Nottingham,  he  extended  to  the  per 
secuted  Quaker  his  powerful  protection. 

He  was  a  man  of  fearless  courage,  and  wrhen  he 
saw  his  friends  of  the  Commonwealth  butchered  by 
the  bloody  mandates  of  King  Charles  II.,  he  was 
only  restrained  by  his  wife  from  giving  himself  up 
to  die  with  them. 

He  and  Mrs.  Ilutchinson  became  Baptists  in  this 
way  :  u  When  formerly  the  Presbyterian  ministers 
had  forced  him,  for  quietness'  sake,  to  go  and  break 


up  a  private  (religious)  meeting  in  the  cannonier's 
chamber  (of  Nottingham  Castle),  there  were  found 
some  notes  concerning  Pedobaptism,  which  were 
brought  into  the  governor's  lodgings,  and  his  wife 
then  having  more  leisure  to  read  than  lie.  having 
perused  them  and  compared  them  with  the  Scrip 
tures,  found  not  what  to  say  against  the  truths  they 
asserted  concerning  the  misapplication  of  that 
ordinance  to  infants;  but  being  then  young  and 
modest,  she  thought  it  a  kind  of  virtue  to  submit 
to  the  judgment  and  practice  of  most  churches, 
rather  than  to  defend  a  singular  opinion  of  her 
own,  she  not  being  then  enlightened  in  that  great 
mistake  of  the  national  churches.  But  in  this  year, 
expecting  to  become  a  mother,  she  communicated 
her  doubts  to  her  husband,  and  desired  him  to  en 
deavour  her  satisfaction  ;  which  while  he  did.  he 
himself  became  as  unsatisfied,  or  rather  satisfied 
against  it.  First,  therefore,  he  diligently  searched 
the  Scriptures  alone,  and  could  find  in  them  no 
ground  at  all  for  that  practice:  then  he  bought  and 
read  all  the  eminent  treatises  on  both  sides,  which 
at  that  time  came  thick  from  the  presses,  and  was 
still  more  satisfied  of  the  error  of  the  Pedobaptists. 
After  the  confinement  of  his  wife,  that  he  might  if 
possible  give  the  religious  party  no  offense,  he  in 
vited  all  the  ministers  to  dinner,  and  propounded 
his  doubt  and  the  ground  thereof  to  them.  None 
of  them  could  defend  their  practice  with  any  satis 
factory  reason  but  the  tradition  of  the  church  from 
the  primitive  times,  and  their  main  buckler  of  fed 
eral  holiness,  which  Tombs  and  Denne  had  so  ex 
cellently  overthrown.  He  and  his  wife  then  pro 
fessing  themselves  unsatisfied  in  the  practice,  de 
sired  their  opinions  what  they  ought  to  do.  Most 
answered,  to  conform  to  the  general  practice  of 
other  Christians,  how  dark  soever  it  were  to  them 
selves  ;  but  Mr.  Foxcraft,  one  of  the  Assembly 
(which  framed  the  Westminster  Confession  of 
Faith),  said  that  except  they  were  convinced  of  the 
warrant  of  that  practice  from  theAVord  they  sinned 
in  doing  it:  whereupon  the  infant  was  not  baptized. 
And  now  the  governor  and  his  wife,  notwithstand 
ing  that  they  forsook  not  their  assemblies,  nor  re 
tracted  their  benevolences  and  civilities  from  them, 
yet  were  they  reviled  by  them,  called  fanatics  and 
anabaptists,  and  often  glanced  at  in  their  public 
sermons.  And  not  only  the  ministers  but  all  their 
zealous  sectaries  conceived  implacable  malice 
against  them  upon  this  account ;  which  was  carried 
on  with  a  spirit  of  envy  and  persecution  to  the 
last;  though  he,  on  his  side,  might  well  have  said 
to  them,  as  his  Master  said  to  the  old  Pharisees, 
'  Many  good  works  have  I  done  among  you  ;  for 
which  of  those  do  you  hate  me?'  Yet  the  general 
ity  even  of  them  had  a  secret  conviction  upon  them 
that  he  had  been  faithful  to  them  and  deserved  their 
love ;  and  in  spite  of  their  own  bitter  zeal,  could 


HUTCIIIXSOX 


565 


HUTCIHNSON 


not  but  have  a  reverent  esteem  for  him  whom  they 
often  railed  at  for  not  thinking  and  speaking  ac 
cording  to  their  opinions.''  (Life  of  Colonel  Ilutch- 
inson,  by  his  Widow  Lucy,  pp.  299,  300,  301.  Lon 
don,  1846.) 

This  Christian  hero,  a  graduate  of  Cambridge, 
like  Judson,  Noel,  Carson,  Dunster,  and  a  host  of 
others,  sacrificed  his  feelings,  his  friendships,  his 
interests,  and  his  social  comfort  for  no  earthly  gain, 
but  for  heaven-born  truth.  <!ov.  Hiitchinson  is  an 
illustration  of  the  resistless  force  of  God's  pure 
Word. 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  John  Blanchard,  was  born 

in  Long  Sutton,  Lincolnshire,  England,  Dec.  16, 
1825.  His  father  was  a  respected  minister  of  the 
Wesleyan  body,  and  under  his  faithful  labors  his 
son  was  awakened.  lie  also  united  with  the  AVes- 
leyans,  by  whom  he  was  licensed  when  but  eighteen 
years  of  age.  lie  came  to  America  in  May,  1856, 
and  was  minister  in  charge  of  the  Methodist  Epis 
copal  church,  South  Orange  and  Jefferson  Village, 
nearly  three  years. 

His  views  of  Bible  truth  becoming  more  ma 
tured  he  was  baptized  by  llev.  William  Hind,  and 
entered  into  the  membership  of  Northfield  Baptist 
church,  by  which  he  was  licensed  to  preach.  On 
Oet.  1,  1S60,  he  was  ordained,  and  assumed  charge 
of  the  Livingston  church,  in  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.  Mr. 
Hutchinson  has  won  for  himself  a  strong  place  in 
the  hearts  of  his  brethren,  and  has  rendered  good 
service  in  the  Olivet  church,  Philadelphia,  the  Cen 
tennial  in  Wilkesbarre,  and  in  the  Hatboro'  church, 
Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  where  he  now  labors. 

Hutchinson,  Mrs.  Lucy,  was  born  the  29th  of 
January,  1620,  in  the  Tower  of  London.  Her 
father  was  Sir  Allen  Apsley,  governor  of  the 
Tower  ;  her  mother  was  Lucy,  daughter  of  Sir  John 
St.  John,  of  Lidiard  Treegooze,  Wiltshire,  England. 
Her  parents  were  both  the  children  of  God,  and  by 
precept  and  example  from  her  earliest  years  showed 
her  the  blessedness  of  a  holy  life. 

When  about  seven  years  old  she  had  eight 
teachers  in  as  many  different  branches  :  languages, 
music,  dancing,  needlework,  and  writing.  She 
hated  needlework,  and  cared  nothing  for  music 
and  dancing.  AVhen  children  came  to  see  her  she 
wearied  them  with  grave  instructions,  and  treated 
their  dolls  so  roughly  that  they  were  glad  when  she 
forsook  their  company  for  the  society  of  older  per 
sons.  Books  were  everything  to  her  even  in  child 
hood;  during  hours  intended  for  amusement  she 
was  reading,  and  at  all  other  times  when  she  had 
an  opportunity.  And  when  she  reached  woman 
hood  her  information  was  equal  to  that  of  any 
young  lady  in  England,  if  she  was  not  the  best-in 
formed  woman  in  her  country.  Soon  after  she 
ceased  to  be  a  mere  child  she  was  called  by  Jesus 
into  the  kingdom  of  his  grace  ;  and  she  entered 


upon  his  service  with  a  heart  wholly  his,  and 
without  a  doubt  of  his  love  for  her.  This  blessed 
condition  fitted  her  to  despise  her  own  fancies,  and 
every  form  of  danger,  and  made  Christ  the  Lord  of 


MRS.   LUCY    HUTCHINSON. 

all  her  doctrines,  and  of  her  entire  conduct.  After 
her  marriage  with  Mr.  Hutchinson,  when  he  was  ap 
pointed  governor  of  the  castle  and  town  of  Notting 
ham,  she  went  with  him  ;  and  when  the  horrors  of 
war  visited  Nottingham  there  was  not  a  braver 
heart  in  the  place  than  Mrs.  Hutchinson's. 

AVhen  five  of  her  husband's  soldiers  were  wounded 
and  carried  to  the  castle,  and  there  was  no  surgeon 
to  dress  their  wounds,  with  some  assistance  from  a 
soldier,  this  young  lady  fearlessly  bound  up  the 
bleeding  limbs  and  bodies  of  the  sufferers ;  and 
seeing  some  of  the  enemy  carried  in  as  prisoners 
in  the  same  unfortunate  situation,  and  consigned 
to  a  miserable  dungeon,  crowded  with  other  pris 
oners,  she  sent  for  them  and  cleansed  and  bound  up 
their  wounds,  while  Capt.  Palmer,  an  officer  on  her 
husband's  side  in  the  civil  war,  was  helping  her  by 
declaring  that  "  his  soul  abhorred  to  see  this  favor 
to  the  enemies  of  God." 

Throughout  life  she  ever  showed  a  strong  faith, 
a  generous  benevolence,  and  a  lofty  courage.  She 
adopted  Baptist  sentiments  from  reading  the  notes 
found  in  the  cannonier's  room,  in  Nottingham  Castle, 
where  the  Baptist  soldiers  had  held  a  prayer-meet 
ing  ;  and  from  comparing  them  with  the  Scriptures; 
her  husband,  after  careful  and  protracted  examina 
tion,  followed  her  example.  But  not  all  her  quick 
ness  to  perceive  affronts  ;  nor  the  exquisite  pain 


HUTCHINSON 


566 


HYMXS 


inllictcd  by  them  upon  her  refined  feeling;  nor  the 
certainty  that  insults,  if  not  severe  wrongs,  would 
be  heaped  upon  her  for  becoming  a  Baptist,  could 
keep  her  from  honoring  und  obeying  her  Lord. 
She  confessed  her  principles  in  the  most  public  way, 
in  an  age  when  Baptists  alone  understood  Christ's 
law  of  religious  liberty. 

She  helped  her  husband  with  more  than  the 
power  of  half  a  dozen  ordinary  men  ;  and  then  she 
wrote  Ills  "Memoirs"'  in  a  style  so  charming  and 
eloquent  that  it  chains  the  reader  from  beginning 
to  end.  I  doubt  very  much  if  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  except  the  "  Pilgrim's  Progress,'7  there  was 
another  book  written  in  prose  by  such  a  masterly 
pen  as  that  of  Lucy  Ilutchinson.  It  is  the  best 
biography  in  the  English  language,  and  one  of  the 
most  popular  that  ever  was  written  in  any  tongue. 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Dmm- 

lampli,  Ireland,  in  August,  1795.  of  Scotch-Irish 
parents;  came  to  the  United  States  in  181S;  en 
tered  Hamilton  in  1821  :  ordained  on  leaving  the 
institution,  and  labored  as  a  missionary  for  three 
years  in  his  native  land  ;  returned  to  this  country 
in  1827,  and  has  been  pastor  of  seven  churches  in 
New  York,  and  of  Lower  Dublin,  Pa.  Mr.  Ilutch 
inson  has  been  blessed  in  delivering  his  glorious 
message,  and  he  has  walked  with  God  in  his  own 
heart. 

Hyatt,  Rev.  B.  C.,  pastor  at  Monticello,  Ark., 
was  born  in  South  Carolina  in  1815  ;  removed  to 
Arkansas  in  1846  ;  ordained  in  1857.  His  labors 
have  been  chiefly  confined  to  the  counties  of  Brad 
ley,  Drew,  Ashley,  and  Lincoln ;  has  gathered 
seven  churches  in  his  field,  and  baptized  about  one 
thousand  persons. 

Hyde,  Rev.  G.  W.,  son  of  Richard  and  Eliza  D. 
Hyde,  was  born  near  Chancellorsville,  in  Spottsyl- 
vania  Co.,  Va.,  March  25,  1838.  When  a  little 
more  than  one  year  old  his  parents  removed  to 
Missouri  and  settled  near  Keytesville,  Chariton 
Co.,  where  he  was  reared.  He  professed  conver 
sion  and  united  with  the  Keytesville  Baptist  church 
in  May,  1853.  He  entered  the  State  University  at 
Columbia,  Mo.,  in  September,  1855,  and  graduated 
with  honors  in  July,  1859.  In  September,  1859, 
he  entered  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Semi 
nary,  then  located  at  Greenville.  S.  C.,  and  gradu 
ated  in  full  in  18G2.  He  was  licensed  to  preach 
while  a  student  at  the  university  by  the  church  in 
Columbia,  and  was  ordained  at  Peterville  church, 
Powhatan  Co.,  Va.,  in  August,  1863.  He  has  twice 
been  made  financial  agent  of  William  Jewell  Col 
lege,  and  has  been  pastor  at  Keytesville  and  Bruns 
wick,  in  Chariton  Co.,  and  also  at  Mount  Nebo, 
Beulah,  Concord,  Mount  Herman,  and  Boonville, 
in  Cooper  County.  For  ten  years  he  has  been  an 
active  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  William 
Jewell  College,  and  also  a  visitor  of  the  Vardeman 


School  of  Theology.  Lie  has  also  been  honored 
with  the  position  of  curator  of  Stephens  College 
for  a  number  of  years. 

Hyman,  Rev.  John  J.,  was  born  Sept.  21, 1832. 
He  is  principal  of  the  Mount  Vernon  Institute,  at 
Riddleville,  Ga.  He  was  ordained  April  12,  1863, 
and  served  all  through  the  war  as  a  chaplain  of  the 
49th  Ga.  Regiment  in  Gen.  Lee's  army,  and  was  con 
sidered  one  of  the  best  chaplains  in  the  army.  Dur 
ing  the  war  he  baptized  260  soldiers,  and  since  the 
war  he  has  been  a  great  worker  both  as  pastor  and 
teacher.  He  is  an  earnest,  faithful  pastor,  a  good 
preacher,  and  has  served  as  moderator  of  Mount 
Vernon  Association. 

Hymns,  and  their  Authors. — It  is  undeniable 
that  in  the  infancy  of  the  church,  as  Cave  says, 
"It  was  usual  for  any  person  to  compose  divine 
songs  in  honor  of  Christ,  and  to  sing  them  in  the 
public  assemblies."  (Primitive  Christianity,  page 
134,  Oxford,  1840.)  In  the  beginning  of  the  sec 
ond  century,  Pliny,  in  giving  the  emperor  Trajan 
an  account  of  the  Christians,  says,  "  They  were 
accustomed  to  meet  on  a  certain  day  before  it  was 
light  and  sing  a  hymn  alternately  to  Christ  as 
God."  (Pliny,  lib.  x.,  Ep.  97.)  This  was  evidently 
an  uninspired  composition.  Eusebius,  speaking  of 
early  hymns,  says,  "  Whatever  psalms  and  hymns 
were  written  by  the  brethren  from  the  beginning 
celebrate  Christ,  the  Word  of  God,  by  asserting  His 
divinity."  (Eccles.  Hist.,  lib.  v.  cap.  28.)  That 
there  were  many  hymns  written  in  the  first  and 
second  centuries  we  have  no  doubt.  These  were 
all  composed  by  Baptists.  The  oldest  hymn  now 
known  among  Christians  in  its  most  ancient  form 
is,  "Glory  be  to  the  Father,  and  to  the  Son,  and  to 
the  Holy  Ghost,  world  without  end,  Amen."  In  this 
form  a  Baptist  was  its  author.  And  it  was  first 
given  to  the  churches  in  the  second  century,  or 
earlier.  The  additional  words,  "As  it  was  in  the 
beginning,  is  now,  and  ever  shall  be,"  were  placed 
in  this  sacred  song  at  an  early  period. 

In  modern  times  some  of  the  most  popular  hymns 
in  our  language  were  written  by  Baptists.  "  My 
country,  'tis  of  thee,"  was  written  by  Dr.  S.  F. 
Smith.  This  is  the  most  popular  patriotic  hymn 
sung  in  the  United  States.  "He  leadeth  me:  oh, 
blessed  thought,"  was  written  by  Prof.  J.  II.  Gil- 
more,  of  Rochester  University.  This  is  one  of 
the  finest  hymns  that  ever  was  published.  "Come, 
thou  fount  of  every  blessing,"  is  from  the  pen  of 
Robert  Robinson.  Rev.  Dr.  Fawcett  wrote  "Blest 
be  the  tie  that  binds."  Dr.  Samuel  Stennett  is  the 
author  of  "On  Jordan's  stormy  banks  I  stand," 
and  the  Rev.  Edward  Mote  composed  "  My  hope 
is  built  on  nothing  less."  The  following  table 
gives  the  names  of  some  Baptist  authors  of  hymns, 
with  their  nationality,  the  date  of  their  birth,  and 
the  first  line  of  one  of  their  hymns : 


567 


NAME. 


BORN. 


COVXTUY. 


1751 
1816 
1S19 


1753 

1809 

1717 
1803 
174!) 
177:i 


Adams,  John 

Anderson,  G.  W 

Anderson,  Mrs.  G.  \V 

Balfern,  \V.  ]' 

H;t  Id  win,  Thomas 

Baxter,  Mrs.  Lydia 

ISeddome,  Benjamin 

Brown,  .1.  Newton 

Burn  ham,  Richard 

Burton,  John 

Cleveland,  Benjamin 

Colver,  Nathaniel 

Cocks,  Mrs.  Sarah 

Cole,  Charles 

Cutting,  S.  S 

Davis,  Eliel 

Deacon,  Samuel 

Denham,  David 

Doane,  W.  II 

Draper,  B.  H 

Dracup,  Jolin 17 

Dyer,  Sidney 1SU 

Elvin,  Cornelius i         1797 

Evans,  James  H I         1785 

Kvans.John  M 1825 

Fanch,  James 17o4 

Fawcett,  John 17:i',) 

Fellows,  John 

Flowerdew,  Alice 17, 


England 

United  States 

France 

En-land  ... 


United  States., 


England 

United  States 
England 


173:5 
ISKi 
180:! 
1740 
17(11 


United  State 
England 


United  States 
England 


United  States 
England 


United  States. 
England 


Fountain,  John 17i;7 

Francis,  Benjamin 17:!4  Wales 

Franklin,  Jonathan 1700  England 

Gadsby,  William 177:'.  "        

Giles,  John  E 180.1  "        

Gilmore,  J.  II :  1834  United  States. 

Grace,  Koliert :  England 

Groser,  William 1791  "        

Groser,  William  House IX —  "        

Hiirbottle,  Joseph 1798  " 

Hinton,  John  II 1791  "        

Hill,  Stei>hen  1> IsuR  United  States.. 

Home,  W.  W 17715  England 

Hupton,  Job 176-2  "        

Ide,  George  B 180.5         !   United  States- 
James,  R.  S 1824  " 

Jessey,  Henry ''  KiOG  England 

Jones,  Edmund 1722  "        

Judsou,  Adoniram 1788  United  States., 

Jndson,  Sarah  B 180.1  " 

Keach,  Benjamin 1(140  England 

Keith,  George " 

Knowles,  J.  I) 179S  United  States.. 

Leland,  John 1754  " 

Lowry,  Robert 1826  " 

Lewis,  W.  G i  England 


1825 
17158 
1797 
liios 
1710 
17: 53 


Lawson,  John 

Manly,  Basil 

Medley,  Samuel  

Mote,  Edward 

Milton,  John 

Needharn,  John 

Newton,  James 

Norman,  .  .    . 

Noel,B.  W 1799 

Pal,  Krishna 17C>4 

Pearce,  Samuel 17(iti 

Phelps,  S.  I) i         1816 

Pledge,  Ebenezer i         1813 

Poindexter,  • 

Rawson,  George 

Kippon,  John.... 
Robbins,  Gurdoi 
Robinson,  Roliei 
Rowland,  A.  J... 
Rvland,  John.... 
Saffery,  Mrs.  M.  G 
Scott,  Jacob  R... 
Sherwin,  W.  F.... 
Smith,  Samuel  F, 
Spurgeon,  C.  II.. 

Steele,  Anne 

Stenuett,  Joseph 
Stennett,  Samuel 
Swain,  Joseph 
Sutton,  Amos. 
Thnrber,  Charles 
Tritton,  Joseph 
Tucker,  Williai 
Turner,  Daniel 
Turney,  Edmund 
Upton,  James 
Walliu,  Benjamin 
Wash  burn,  H.  S 
Winkler,  Edwin  T 
Wyard,  George, 
Ward,  William 
Willmarth,  J.\ 
Yeager,  George 


United  States., 
England 


India 

England 

United  States., 

England 

United  States., 
England 


United  States 

•t  17:55 

!          1840 

England  

United  States 

1753 

G  177:5 

INI.-) 

1  .              1808 

u 

1834 

Fi  '!•      1 

1716 

°u 

1663 

,1 

1  1727 

11 

1761 

ii 

1804 

i, 

8  

United  States 

1731 

England  

1710 

u 

d  1817 

1760 

in  1711 

5  1811 

United  States 

T  

1803 

1769 

'  18155 

1821 

United  States 

"Sons  we  are  through  God's  election." 

"Onward,  herald  of  the  gospel.'' 

"  Our  country's  voice  is  pleading." 

Author  of  a  volume  containing  l:iO  hymns. 

"Come,  happy  souls,  adore  the  Lamb." 

"The  Master  is  coming  ;  be  calleth  for  thee." 

"Come,  Holy  Spirit,  come." 

"Go,  spirit  of  the  sainted  dead." 

"Jesus,  thou  art  the  sinner's  friend." 

"Time  is  winging  us  away." 

"Oh,  could  I  find  from  day  to  day." 

'•Weep  for  the  lost;  thy  Saviour  wept." 

Author  of  a  volume  of  210  original  hymns. 

"Hark  how  the  gospel  trumpet  sounds." 

"Oh,  Saviour,  I  am  blind:  lead  thou  the  way." 

"From  every  earthly  pleasure." 

"  To  Jordan's  stream  the  Saviour  goes." 

"  'Mid  scenes  of  confusion  and  creature  complaints.' 

"Sale  in  the  arms  of  Jesus." 

"Ye  Christian  heralds,  go  proclaim." 

"  Thanks  to  thy  name,  0  Lord,  that  wo  '' 

"Go  preach  the  blest  salvation." 

"  With  broken  heart  and  contrite  sigh." 

"Faint  not,  Christian,  though  the  road." 

"  Amid  the  joyous  scenes  of  earth." 

"  Beyond  the  glittering,  starry  sky." 

"  Blest  be  the  tie  that  binds." 

"Jesus,  mighty  king  in  /ion." 

"  Fountain  of  mercy,  God  of  love." 

"Sinners,  you  are  now  addressed." 

"  My  gracious  Redeemer  I  love." 

"Thy  church,  0  Lord,  that's  planted  here." 

"  Holy  Ghost,  we  look  to  thee." 

"Thou  hast  said,  exalted  Jesus." 

"  He  leadeth  me:  oh,  blessed  thought." 

Author  of  '240  hymns. 

"  Praise  the  Redeemer,  all  mighty  to  save." 

"  Spirit  of  truth,  celestial  fire." 

"  See  how  the  fruitless  fig-tree  stands." 

"  Once  I  was  estranged  from  God." 

"The  Lord  is  my  shepherd  and  guide." 

"  Death  is  no  more  the  frightful  foe." 

"Jesus,  omnipotent  to  save." 

"  Son  of  God,  our  glorious  head." 

"  Hast'ning  on  to  death's  dark  river." 

"Unclean,  unclean  and  full  of  sin." 

"  Come,  humble  sinner,  in  whose  breast." 

"Our  Father  God,  who  ait  in  heaven." 

"  Proclaim  the  lofty  praise." 

"  My  soul,  mount  up  with  eagle  wings." 

"  How  firm  a  foundation,  ye  saints  of  the  Lord." 

"  0  Lord,  where'er  thy  saints  apart." 
"  The  day  is  past  and  gone." 

"Shall  we  gather  at  the  river." 

"  Awake,  my  soul,  thy  God  to  praise." 

"  Father  of  mercies,  condescend." 

"  Holy,  holy,  holy  Lord." 

"  Awake,  my  soul,  in  joyful  lays." 

"  My  hope  is  built  on  nothing  less." 

"  Let  us  with  a  gladsome  mind." 

"  Holy  and  reverend  is  the  name." 

"  Let  plenteous  grace  descend  on  those." 

"  'Tis  not  as  led  by  custom's  voice." 

"  There's  not  a  bird  with  lonely  nest." 

"  0  thou,  my  soul,  forget  no  more." 

"  In  floods  of  tabulation." 

"  This  rite  our  blest  Redeemer  gave." 

"  I  went  alone:  'twas  summer-time." 

"  Head  of  the  Church,  we  bow  to  thee." 

"  Cast  thy  burden  on  the  Lord." 

"  There's  joy  in  heaven  and  joy  on  earth." 

"  There  is  a  land  mine  eye  hath  seen." 

"Come,  thou  fount  of  every  blessing." 

"There  is  rest  in  the  shadow." 

"  In  all  my  Lord's  appointed  ways." 

"  'Tis  the  great  Father  we  adore." 

"To  thee  this  temple  we  devote." 

"Sound  the  battle-cry." 

"  My  country,  'tis  of  thee." 

"  The  Holy  Ghost  is  here." 

"The  Saviour!     Oh,  what  endless  charms." 

"  Another  six  days'  work  is  done." 

"On  Jordan's  stormy  banks  I  stand." 

"Who  can  forbear  to  sing." 

"  Hail,  sweetest,  dearest  tie  that  binds." 

"From  yonder  Rocky  Mountains." 

"Spirit  of  glory  and  of  grace." 

"Amidst  ten  thousand  anxious  cares." 

"Jesus,  full  of  all  compassion." 

"Oh,  love  divine!  oh,  matchless  grace." 

"Come  ye  who  bow  to  sovereign  grace." 

"  Hail,  mighty  Jesus!      How  divine." 

"Father,  gathered  round  the  bier." 

"Our  land  with  mercies  crowned." 

Author  of  140  hymns. 

"Oh,  charge  the  waves  to  bear  our  friends." 

"0  Father!  Lord  of  earth  and  heaven.'' 

"On  the  cross  behold  the  Saviour." 


IDE 


IDE 


I. 


Ide,  George  B.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Coventry, 
Vt,  in  1S04.  and  was  the  son  of  llev.  John  Ide,  a 
Baptist  minister  of  considerable  reputation  in  the 
section  in  which  lie  lived.  Young  Ide  received  an 


GEORGE    B.   IDE,   D.D. 

academic  and  collegiate  education,  and  he  gradu 
ated  at  Middlebury  College.  It  was  his  purpose  to 
practise  law,  and  he  and  his  fellow-townsman  lled- 
tield,  afterwards  Judge  Redfield,  of  Vermont,  com 
menced  a  course  of  legal  study  in  Brandon,  Vt. 
Like  Adoniram  Judson,  whose  father  also  was  a 
minister,  Mr.  Ide  was  inclined  to  be  a  skeptic,  and 
did  not  hesitate  sometimes  to  avow  his  infidel  sen 
timents.  But  he  was  reached  by  the  power  of  di 
vine  grace,  and  finally  became  settled  in  his  belief  of 
those  doctrines  which  he  so  eloquently  preached  in 
after-life.  At  once  he  threw  himself  into  the  work 
of  preaching  the  gospel,  and  as  a  revivalist  preached 
with  great  power  in  different  sections  in  Northern 
Vermont.  For  a  short  time  in  each  pliice  he  was 
pastor  of  the  churches  in  Derby,  Passumpsic  vil 
lage,  and  Brandon,  Vt.,  from  which  place  he  was 
called  to  the  pastoral  care  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Albany,  N.  Y.  Here  he  remained  until,  having 
completed  a  four  years'  pastorate,  he  was  called  to 


the  Federal  Street,  now  Clarendon  Street,  church, 
in  Boston,  where  he  continued  for  two  years.  lie 
then,  went  to  Philadelphia  to  take  charge;  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  that  city,  where  he  remained 
for  fourteen  years,  taking  rank  with  the  ablest  and 
most  eloquent  preachers  of  any  denomination  in 
that  city.  From  Philadelphia,  Dr.  Ide  was  called 
to  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Springfield,  Mass., 
and  was  its  pastor  from  1852  to  the  time  of  his 
death,  a  period  of  nearly  twenty  years.  Twice 
during  this  time  IK;  was  called  to  important  posi 
tions  in  Xew  York,  with  double  the  salary  he  was 
receiving  in  Springfield,  but  lie  declined,  not  wish 
ing  to  take  upon  himself  the  burdens  of  a  large  city 
church. 

AVithout  doubt  Dr.  Ide  was  one  of  the  most  vig 
orous  and  effective  preachers  that  the  Baptist  de 
nomination  has  had  in  this  country.  lie  has  given 
to  the  public  some  of  his  more  elaborate  discourses 
in  two  volumes,  bearing  the  titles  "Bible  Pictures" 
and  "  Battle  Echoes,"  the  latter  a  series  of  sermons 
preached  during  the  late  civil  war.  lie  was  also 
the  author  of  a  Sunday-school  book,  which  reached 
a  considerable  popularity,  entitled  "Green  Hol 
low.''  He  published  also  a  missionary  sermon, 
and  several  works  of  a  denominational  character. 

Ide,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Arermont  in  1785. 
For  more  than  half  a  century  he  was  a  devoted 
minister  of  Christ,  lie  was  converted  when  he  was 
about  thirty  years  of  age,  and  commenced  his  min 
isterial  labors  in  Coventry,  \i.  He  was  greatly 
prospered  in  his  work.  In  one  of  the  revivals 
which  occurred  under  his  ministry,  six  of  his  own 
children  were  converted  and  baptized  together.  In 
the  different  pastorates  which  he  held,  he  was  suc 
cessful  in  the  vocation  upon  which  in  early  man 
hood  he  had  entered.  AVhen  he  commenced  his  min 
istry  the  Baptists  in  A'ermont  were  comparatively 
few  in  number,  and  were  ^everywhere  spoken 
against.''  They  were  taxed  to  support  the  "  stand 
ing  order''  by  the  laws  of  the  State.  In  case  of 
refusal  to  pay  their  taxes  they  were  subject  to  the 
"  pains  and  penalties"  of  the  law,  obedience  to 
which  they  could  not  conscientiously  render.  In 
the  meridian  of  his  days  Mr.  Ide  was  associated 
with  Gov.  Butler,  and  men  who  sympathized  with 
him,  in  fighting  the  battles  of  religious  freedom  in 
the  Arermont  Legislature.  They  were  at  last  suc 
cessful,  and  the  Baptists  were  no  longer  compelled 
to  support  a  ministry  which  did  not  preach  what 


ILLINOIS 


509 


IMMERSION 


they  regarded  as  the  whole  truth.  Mr.  Ide  died  at 
Potsdam,  N.  Y.,  July  27,  I860. 

Illinois,  Missionary  Organizations. —What 
seems  to  have  been  the  beginning  of  organized  mis 
sionary  work  in  Illinois  was  the  appointment,  by 
a  meeting  of  Baptists  held  at  Edwardsville  in  1831, 
of  a  committee,  instructed  to  arrange  and  superin 
tend  ''  a  system  of  traveling  preaching  to  promote 
the  interests  of  religion  within  the  limits  of  Illi 
nois.'1  The  members  of  this  committee  were  James 
Lemen,  Paris  Mason,  George  Stacey,  James  Pul- 
liam,  B.  F.  Edwards,  J.  M.  Peck,  and  Ilubbell 
Loom  is.  Rev.  J.  M.  Peck  was  the  missionary 
placed  under  appointment  by  this  committee,  re 
ceiving  his  support  from  the  East,  through  an  ar 
rangement  with  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Mis 
sionary  Society.  The  committee  named  above  do 
not  seem  to  have  attempted  independent  work  of 
any  kind,  but  simply  served  as  an  agency  for  cor 
respondence  with  the  Massachusetts  board,  through 
Dr.  Going. 

Of  the  missionaries  put  into  the  field  under  this 
joint  arrangement  may  be  named,  besides  Mr. 
Peck,  Alvin  Bailey,  Moses  Lemen,  Gardner  Bart- 
lett,  Jacob  Bower,  and  Elijah  Dodson, — all  names 
of  note  in  the  Baptist  pioneer  history  of  Illinois. 
The  committee  continued  under  appointment  from 
year  to  year  by  what  was  called  the  General  Union 
Meeting  of  Illinois  Baptists,  until  October,  1834. 
At  that  time  the  Illinois  Baptist  State  Convention 
was  organized  at  AVhitehall,  Green  Co.  Three  As 
sociations  and  two  churches  were  represented  in 
its  formation.  The  scope  of  the  society  was  soon 
enlarged,  so  that  at  the  third  anniversary,  which 
was  held  at  Peoria,  Oct.  12,  1S37,  eight  Associations 
and  ten  churches  were  represented.  The  support 
of  missions  in  the  State  was  made  a  chief  feature  of 
the  Convention's  yearly  plans,  and  at  the  anniver 
sary  just  alluded  to  it  was  resolved  to  raise,  in  the 
ensuing  year,  £2000  for  this  purpose.  Attention 
was  also  given  to  ministerial  education,  the  insti 
tution  at  Upper  Alton  being  one  of  the  objects  re 
ported  upon  regularly  at  the  yearly  meetings. 

At  the  anniversary  of  the  Convention,  held  at 
Bellville,  Oct.  3,  1844,  a  committee  was  appointed 
to  confer  with  a  committee  of  the  Northwestern 
Baptist  Convention  upon  the  subject  of  a  union  of 
the  two  bodies.  These  committees  met  at  Canton, 
November  21  following,  and  a  new  organization 
was  made,  called  the  Illinois  Baptist  General  Asso 
ciation,  covering  the  whole  State.  The  Northwest 
ern  Convention  had  been  formed  in  1841,  in  conse 
quence  of  dissatisfaction  with  the  proceedings  of  the 
State  Convention,  "  and  to  accommodate  and  bring 
into  concerted  action  the  brethren  residing  in  Wis 
consin,  Iowa,  and  Northern  Indiana,"  along  with 
the  Baptists  in  Northern  Illinois.  By  the  recent 
action,  this  body  was  now  merged  in  the  Illinois 
37 


Baptist  General  Association,  which  has  remained 
until  the  present  date  the  missionary  organization 
for  the  State.  A  "  Baptist  Convention  for  South 
ern  Illinois,"  composed  of  churches  and  Associa 
tions  declining  to  enter  into  the  new  organization, 
continued  for  some  years  to  exist,  but  the  strength 
of  the  Baptist  body  in  the  State  has  been  concen 
trated  in  the  General  Association  from  the  time  of 
its  organization  at  Canton,  in  1844.  Since  that 
date,  as  nearly  as  can  be  ascertained,  the  number 
of  missionaries  bearing  its  commission  has  been 
about  GOO,  the  number  of  baptisms  by  these  mis 
sionaries  not  far  from  4000,  and  the  amount  of 
money  raised  and  expended  in  salaries  to  mission 
aries  nearly  3125,000. 

Illinois  Woman's  Baptist  Missionary  So 
ciety.  —  -The  Woman's  Baptist  Missioruu^y  Society 
of  the  West  was  organized  at  Chicago,  May  9,  1871. 
Its  first  officers  were  Mrs.  Robert  Harris,  President  ; 
Mrs.  A.  M.  Bacon,  Recording  Secretary;  Mrs.  C. 
F.  Tolman,  Corresponding  Secretary  ;  Mrs.  S.  M. 
Osgood,  Treasurer.  The  society  is  auxiliary  to  the 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  having  been 
formally  accepted  as  such  at  the  anniversary  meet 
ing  in  May,  1871.  At  the  first  annual  meeting 
Mrs.  A.  L.  Stevens  was  present,  the  first  applicant 
for  appointment  to  the  foreign  field.  Since  that  time 
24  missionaries  have  been  sent  out,  of  whom  one 
has  returned  in  feeble  health,  two  have  died,  seven 
have,  by  marriage,  been  transferred  to  the  service 
of  the  Missionary  Union  ;  leaving  as  missionaries 
of  this  society  (1880),  six  in  Burmah,  three  in  In 
dia,  and  five  in  China.  Miss  Daniels,  of  Swatow, 
China,  is  the  only  medical  missionary  connected 
with  the  society  of  the  West.  During  the  year 
1879-80  the  society  supported  13  missionaries, 
17  schools,  and  31  Bible-women.  It  sent  within 
the  year  contributions  to  18  missionaries  of  the 
Union,  and  to  2  supported  by  the  Society  of  the 
East. 

The  contributions  during  the  first  year  of  the  so 
ciety  were  $4244.69.  Those  reported  for  the  year 
1879-80  amounted  to  $18,483.91.  The  present  of 
ficers  of  the  society  are  Mrs.  A.  J.  Howe,  President  ; 
Mrs.  C.  F.  Tolman,  Vice-President  ;  Mrs.  J.  O. 
Brayman,  Recording  Secretary  ;  Mrs.  A.  M.  Bacon, 
Corresponding  Secretary  ;  Mrs.  F.  A.  Smith,  Treas 
urer. 

Immersion.  —  We  have  a  profound  regard  for 
the  theology  of  John  Calvin,  and  for  many  of  his 
utterances.  We  view  his  declaration,  "  The  word 
baptize,  however,  signifies  to  immerse,  and  it  is 
certain  that  immersion  was  observed  by  the  an 
cient  church,"*  as  displaying  sound  learning,  an 
accurate  knowledge  of  church  history,  and  fidelity 


*  Ipsum  baptizandi  verbum  mergere  significat,  et  niergendi, 
ritum  veteri  ecclesiaa  observatum  fuisge  constat.  Inst.  Christ. 
Ilelig.,  lib.  iv.  cap.  15,  sect.  19.  London,  1570. 


IMMERSION 


570 


IMMERSION 


to  truth.  No  man  fully  acquainted  with  the  facts 
upon  which  the  opinion  of  the  great  Genevan  was 
based,  could  speak  otherwise  and  maintain  fidelity 
to  tlte  truth.  Luther  says,  "Baptism  is  a  Greek 
word:  in  Latin  it  can  be  translated  immersion,  as 
when  we  plunge  something  into  water  that  it  may 
be  completely  covered  with  water.''*  Luther  and 
Calvin  translate  the  Greek  word  baptism  as  it  was 
understood  by  those  who  used  the  language  of 
which  it  was  a  part,  before  Christ's  days,  and  ever 
afterwards.  In  the  sense  of  immersion  it  is  em 
ployed  in  the  New  Testament.  The  whole  church 
el'  Christ  practised  immersion  for  at  least  twelve 
centuries  of  our  era,  and  several  nations  baptize  in 
that  manner  still. 

Tertullian,  in  the  end  of  the  second  century, 
writes,  "  The  act  of  baptism  itself  belongs  to  the 
flesh,  because  we  are  immersed  in  water."f  Jerome, 
in  his  notes  on  Ephesians  iv.  5,  says,  "We  are  im 
mersed  three  timesj  to  receive  the  one  baptism  of 
Christ."  Ambrose,  expounding  the  baptismal 
death  in  Romans  vi.  3,  says,  "  The  death,  there 
fore,  is  a  figurative,  not  a  real  bodily  death,  for 
when  you  are  immersing  you  present  a  likeness  of 
death  and  burial." $  Pope  Leo  the  Great,  speak 
ing  of  baptism  in  the  fifth  century,  says,  "  Trine 
iMmersion  is  an  imitation  of  the  three  days'  burial 
(of  Christ),  and  the  Emersion  out  of  the  waters  is  a 
figure  (of  the  Saviour)  rising  from  the  grave. ''|| 

According  to  Bede,  who  died  in  735,  Paulinus, 
the  apostle  of  the  north  of  England,  "  washed'5  some 
of  his  converts  "  in  the  river  Glen,''  baptized  others 
"in  the  river  Swale"  of  Yorkshire,"  and  a  "great 
multitude  in  the  river  Trent."^|  Laufranc,  arch 
bishop  of  Canterbury  in  the  eleventh  century, 
commenting  on  Phil.  iii.  10,  says,  "Being  made 
conformable  unto  his  death  in  baptism,  for  as 
Christ  lay  for  three  days  in  the  sepulchre,  so  let 
there  be  a  trine  immersion  in  baptism."*  St. 
Bernard,  the  most  prominent  ecclesiastic  in  France 
in  the  twelfth  century,  in  his  sermon  on  the  Lord's 
Supper,  says,  "Baptism  is  the  first  of  all  the  sacra 
ments,  in  which  we  .are  planted  together  in  the 
likeness  of  his  (Christ's)  death.  Hence  trine  im 
mersion  represents  the  three  days  we  are  about  to 
celebrate. "ff 

There  are  many  baptisteries  in  Italy  that  were 


*  Latine  potestverti  mersio,  cum  immergimua  aliquid  in  aquam 
ut  totuiu  tegatur  aqua.  Do  Sacrum.  Bapt.  Opera  Lutheri,  i.  p.  319. 
1504. 

f  lu  aqua  mcrgimnr.  De  Baptismo,  cap.  7,  pars  ii.  p.  37.  Lipsise, 
1839. 

|  Ter  mergimur,  tome  ix.  p.  109.     Basle,  1516. 

$  Cum  eriim  mergis,  mortis  suscepis  ct  sepultaree  similitudinem. 
De  Sacramentis,  lib.  ii.  cap.  7. 

I!  Trina  (lemersio,  ep.  10,  vol.  liv.  p.  699,  Patrl.  Lat. 

If  In  fluvio  Gleni  ...  in  Sualo  fluvio.  In  fluvio  Treenta.  Hist. 
Kccles.,  ii.  14,  p.  104 ;  ii.  16,  p.  107.  Oxonii,  1846. 

**  Sic  in  baptismate  trina  Bit  immersio. 

ft  Trina  mersio. 


used  for  centuries  for  the  immersion  of  candidates 
for  baptism.  The  most  remarkable  of  these  is  in 
the  catacomb  of  San  Ponziano,  Home.  It  is  on  the 
right  side  of  the  Via  Ostiensis,  and  at  a  short  dis 
tance  beyond  the  Porta  Portese.  Through  this 
cemetery  a  stream  of  water  runs,  the  channel  of 
which  is  diverted  into  a  reservoir,  which  was  used 
for  administering  baptism  by  immersion  from  the 
first  to  the  fourth  centuries  ;JJ  and  within  a  few 
years  candidates  for  primitive  baptism  have  been 
buried  under  its  waters  once  more.  Dr.  Cote^  gives 
a  list  of  sixty-seven  of  these  baptisteries  that  exist 
in  Italy  now,  some  of  them  ready  for  service  and 
others  greatly  changed.  Not  a  few  of  the  edi 
fices  reared  to  cover  the  baptismal  pools  are  spa 
cious  and  magnificent.  The  baptisteries  above 
ground  were  erected  from  the  fourth  to  the  four 
teenth  century.  The  sacristan  who  shows  the 
sacred  structure  has  no  hesitation  in  telling  the 
visitor  that  the  church  formerly  practised  immer 
sion.  Until  the  beginning  of  the  thirteenth  cen 
tury  immersion  \vas  the  mode  of  baptism  of  all 
Western  Christendom,  except  in  cases  of  sickness, 
and  it  was  a  common  practice  long  afterwards  in 
many  parts  of  the  papal  dominions  ;  it  was  the 
general  usage  in  England  until  after  the  Reforma 
tion,  and  it  was  frequently  observed  down  to  the 
middle  of  the  seventeenth  century.  There  is  a 
record  of  the  immersion  of  Arthur  and  Margaret, 
the  brother  and  sister  of  Henry  VIII.,  ||||  and  there 
is  no  doubt  that  immersion  was  the  mode  of  bap 
tism  that  prevailed  all  over  his  kingdom  in  Henry's- 
day. 

William  Wall,  the  learned  Episcopalian  writer, 
says,  that  "  in  1536  the  lower  house  of  Convocation 
sent  to  the  upper  house  a  protestation,  containing 
a  catalogue  of  some  errors  and  some  profane  say 
ings  that  began  to  be  handed  about  among  some 
people,  craving  the  concurrence  of  the  upper  house 
in  condemning  them.  Some  of  them  are  these : 

"  '  That  it  is  as  lawful  to  christen  a  child  in  a  tub 
of  water  at  home,  or  in  a  ditch  by  the  way,  as  in  a 
font-stone  in  the  church.' 

"  I  think,''  says  Wall,  "  it  may  probably  be  con 
cluded  from  their  expressions,  that  the  ordinary 
way  of  baptizing  at  this  time  in  England,  whether 
in  the  church  or  out  of  it,  was  by  putting  the  child 
into  the  water. "![<[  He  then  proceeds  to  give  the 
others. 

In  Tyndale's  "Obedience  of  a  Christian  Man," 
published  in  1528,  he  writes,  "Ask  the  people  what 
they  understand  by  their  baptism  or  washing,  and 


H  Baptism  and  Baptisteries,  p.  102.  Amer.  Bapt.  Publication 
Society. 

H  Idem,  110-112. 

|! ||  Cathcart's  Baptism  of  the  Ages,  pp.  41-43.  Amer.  Bapt.  Pub- 
lication  Society. 

\\  History  of  Infant  Baptism,  p.  648.    Nashville. 


IMMERSION 


571 


IMMERSION 


thou  shalt  sec  that  they  believe  how  that  the  very 
plunging  into  the  water  saveth  them."  ..."  Be 
hold  how  narrowly  the  people  look  on  the  cere 
mony.  If  ought  be  left  out,  or  if  the  child  be  not 
altogether  dipt  in  the  water,  or  if,  because  the 
child  is  sick,  the  priest  dare  not  plunge  him  into 
the  water,  but  pour  water  on  his  head,  how  tremble 
they!  how  quake  they!  'How  say  ye,  Sir  John' 
(the  priest),  say  they,  'is  this  child  christened 
enough?  Hath  it  his  full  Christendom?'  They 
verily  believe  that  the  child  is  not  christened."* 
At  this  time  plunging  into  water  was  the  mode  of 
baptism  in  England,  and  the  exception  of  sick 
children  was  evidently  unpopular  ;  and  the  substi 
tute  for  immersion,  according  to  good  William  Tyn- 
dale,  the  translator  of  the  English  Bible,  was  re 
garded  with  grave  suspicions. 

The  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  issued  by  the  au 
thority  of  Edward  VI.,  in  1541),  says,  "Then  the 
priest  shall  take  the  child  in  his  hands,  and  ask 
the  name.  And  naming  the  child,  shall  dip  it  in 
the  water  thrice.  First,  dipping  the  right  side; 
second,  the  left  side;  the  third  time  dipping  the 
face  toward  the  font ;  so  it  be  discreetly  and 
warily  done.  And  if  the  child  be  weak  it  shall 
suffice  to  pour  water  upon  it."f  Immersion  was 
still  the  custom  as  well  as  the  law  in  England, 
with  the  exception  for  which  the  Prayer  Book  made 
provision. 

On  May  IS,  155G,  a  complaint  was  made  against 
a  considerable  number  of  persons  who  favored  the 
gospel  in  Ipswich,  before  Queen  Mary's  council, 
sitting  in  commission  at  Beecles,  in  Suffolk.  Among 
the  charges  preferred  was  a  refusal  to  have  children 
dipped  in  the  fonts  : 

"  Mother  Fenkel,  and  Joan  "Ward,  alias  Bent- 
ley's  wife,  refused  to  have  children  dipped  in  the 
fonts.  Mother  Beriff,  midwife,  refused  to  have 
children  dipped  in  the  fonts." J 

There  is  no  hint  given  by  Fox,  who  records  the 
names  and  accusations  of  these  servants  of  God, 
thai,  they  preferred  sprinkling  or  pouring  for  the 
children.  They  were  Baptists  undoubtedly,  and 
dipping  in  the  font  was  still  the  common  mode  of 
baptism. 

Mr.  Blake,  vicar  of  Tamworth,  in  Staffordshire, 
the  author  of  a  pamphlet  published  in  1645,  enti 
tled  "  Infant's  Baptism  Freed  from  Antichristian- 
ism,"  writes  on  the  first  page,  "  I  have  been  an 
eye-witness  of  many  infants  dipped,  and  know  it 
to  have  been  the  constant  practice  of  many  minis 
ters  in  their  places  for  many  years  together."  Mr. 
Blake  is  supposed  to  have  been  forty-three  years 
of  age  when  he  wrote  his  pamphlet. 


*  Doctrinal  Treatises,  i.  276-77.    Parker  Society. 

•f-  Liturgies  of  King  Edward  VI.,  pp.  Ill,  112.    Parker  Society. 

J  Acts  and  Monuments,  viii.  599.     London,  1839. 


In  the  Westminster  Assembly  of  Divines,  on 
Aug.  7,  1044,  according  to  Dr.  John  Lightfoot, 
when  a  vote  was  taken  on  the  question,  "  The 
minister  shall  take  water  and  sprinkle  or  pour  it 
with  his  hand  upon  the  face  or  forehead  of  the 
child,"  "it  was  voted  so  indifferently  that  we  were 
glad  to  count  names  twice,  for  so  many  were  unwill 
ing  to  have  dipping  excluded  that  the  vote  came  to 
an  equality  within  one  ;  for  the  one  side  was 
twenty-five,  the  other  twenty-four,  the  twenty-four 
for  the  reserving  of  dipping  and  the  twenty-five 
against  it."$  The  question  was  finally  decided 
against  immersion  the  next  day,  and  "  it  is  said 
entirely  by  the  influence  of  Dr.  Lightfoot,"  as 
Iviincy  states. ||  It  seems  surprising  that  an  as 
sembly  of  Presbyterians  should  be  nearly  equally 
divided  about  retaining  immersion  as  a  mode  of 
baptism,  and  that  "so  many  (in  it),  though  none 
of  them  were  Baptists,  were  unwilling  to  have 
dipping  excluded."  Learned  Roman  Catholics  and 
Episcopalians  have  no  prejudices  against  immer 
sion  ;  but,  in  1870,  Rev.  J.  II.  Clark,  of  the  Lack- 
awanna  Presbytery,  Pa.,  immersed  an  applicant 
for  membership  in  his  church,  for  which  he  was 
censured  by  his  Presbytery.  His  appeal  to  the 
Synod  of  Philadelphia  resulted  in  the  following 
decision  :  "  In  view  of  the  teachings  and  principles 
entering  into  the  doctrine  of  baptism,  we  judge 
that  the  administration  of  baptism  by  Rev.  J.  II. 
Clark,  in  the  case  cxcepted  to  came  within  the 
possible  limits  of  a  permissible  administration  of 
the  rite,  and  although  without  any  sanction  of  com 
mand  or  fad  in  the  Sacred  Scriptures,  yet  did  not 
involve  a  moral  wrong.  The  mode  of  administra 
tion,  however,  not  being  accordant  with  the  dis 
tinctive  mode  of  baptism  accepted  and  appointed 
by  the  Presbyterian  Church,  we  do  approve  of  the 
spirit  of  the  exception  of  the  Presbytery  of  Lacka- 
wanna,  as,"*[  etc.  The  ministers  composing  the 
Synod  of  Philadelphia  are  men  of  broad  culture 
and  Christian  integrity,  but  they  differ  widely 
from  Mr.  Coleman  and  Mr.  Marshall  and  "many" 
others  in  the  Westminster  Assembly,  who  were 
"unwilling  to  have  dipping  excluded;''  but  the 
men  of  English  birth  who  took  part  in  framing  the 
Confession  of  Faith  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in 
the  United  States,  in  1G44,  had  seen  immersions  all 
around  them  in  the  state  church,  the  older  men  in 
large  numbers,  the  younger  men  less  frequently  ; 
and  many  of  them  loved  the  baptism  of  their 
fathers  and  of  the  Founder  of  Christianity. 

Mr.  Crosby  mentions  that  "  many  sober  and 
pious  people  belonging  to  the  congregations  of 
the  Dissenters  about  London  were  convinced  that 


I  The  Whole  Works  of  Lightfoot,  vol.  xiii.  301.     London,  1824. 
||  History  of  the  English  Baptists,  i.  183.     London,  1811. 
<[  Burrage's  Act  of  Baptism,  p.  210.     Amer.  Bapt.  Pub.  Soc. 


IMMERSION 


572 


IMMERSIONS 


believers  were  the  only  proper  .subjects  of  baptism, 
and  that  it  ought  to  be  administered  by  immer 
sion,"  and  not  being  .satisfied  with  the  qualifica 
tions  of  any  administrator  in  England,  they  sent 
Richard  Blount  to  Holland,  who  received  immer 
sion  there  :  and  on  his  return  he  baptized  accord 
ing  to  the  primitive  mode  Samuel  Blaeklock,  a 
minister,  and  these  bapti/ed  the  rest  of  the  com 
pany.*  Tliis  event  »IKI/  have  occurred,  and  if  it 
did,  it  was  probably  about  the  beginning  of  the 
reign  of  Charles  I.  ;  no  regular  Calviiiistical  Bap 
tist  minister  may  have  been  permitted  to  live  in  Eng 
land  by  the  oppressions  of  the  king  and  Laud,  and 
though  large  numbers  of  persons  then  living  in  that 

LT  o  r  o 

country  had  been  immersed,  in  the  majority  of  cases 
it  was  not  after  believing.  Mr.  Hutchinson,  from 
whom  Crosby  quotes,  says  about  these  persons, 
'•  The  great  objection  was  the  want  of  an  adminis 
trator,  which,  «.->•  I  have  heard,  was  removed  by 
sending  certain  messengers  to  Holland."  Crosby 
himself  says,  "This  agrees  with  an  account  given 
of  the  matter  in  an  ancient  manuscript,  said  to  have 
been  written  by  Mr.  William  Kiffin."  We  would 
not  bear  heavity  on  the  testimony  adduced  by  these 
good  men. 

The  Rev.  John  Mason  Neale,  a  learned  Episco 
palian,  whose  "  History  of  the  Holy  Eastern 
Church''  is  an  authority  on  most  of  the  topics  on 
which  it  treats,  writes,  "  The  Constantinopolitan 
(Greek  Church)  ritual  says,  'The  priest  baptizes 
him,  holding  him  upright,  and  facing  the  East, 
and  saying,  "The  servant  of  God  is  baptized  in  the 
name  of  the  Father,  and  of  the  Son,  and  of  the 
Holy  Spirit,"  etc.  At  each  sentence  plunging  and 
raising  him  up  from  the  water.' 

"The  Coptic  ritual  says,  'He  thrice  immerses 
him,  and  after  each  immersion  raises  him  up  and 
breathes  in  his  face.' 

"The  Armenian  ritual  says,  '  Then  the  priest  takes 
the  child  in  his  arms,  and  immerses  him  thrice  in 
water,  as  an  emblem  of  the  three  days'  burial  of 
Christ.'  "f 

In  a  celebrated  Syriac  liturgy  it  is  written,  "  The 
priest  stands  by  the  font,  and  invokes  the  Spirit,  who 
descendeth  from  on  high,  and  rests  on  the  waters, 
and  sanctifies  them,  and  makes  new  sons  to  God. 

"When  the  child  is  plunged  into  the  water  the 
priest  saith,  '  N.  is  baptized  for  sanctity  and  salva 
tion  and  a  blameless  life,  and  a  blessed  resurrection 
from  the  dead,  in  the  name  of  the  Father.  Amen. 
And  of  the  Son.  Amen.  And  of  the  living  and 
Holy  Ghost  for  life  everlasting.  Amen.'  "J  "All 
the  Syrian  forms  prescribe  or  assume  trine  immer 
sion.  "$ 


*  History  of  the  English  Baptists,  i.  161-63. 
t  History  of  the  Holy  Eastern  Church,  p.  949.     London,  1850. 
\  Neale's  History  of  the  Holy  Eastern  Church,  pp.  992-93.    Lon 
don,  1850.  I  Idem,  950. 


Badger  gives  the  baptismal  ritual  of  the  Nestor- 
ians,  which  says,  "Then  they  shall  take  him  (the 
child)  to  the  priest,  standing  by  the  font,  who  shall 
place  him  therein,  with  his  face  to  the  East,  and  he 
shall  dip  him  therein  three  times.  ...  In  dipping 
him  he  shall  dip  him  up  to  the  neck,  and  then  put 
his  hand  upon  him,  so  that  his  head  may  be  sub 
merged  ;  then  the  priest  shall  take  him  out  of  the 
font  and  give  him  to  the  deacon. "|| 

In  Picart's  description  of  Abyssinian  baptism,  we 
learn  that  "  As  soon  as  the  benediction  of  the  font 
is  over  the  priest  plunges  the  infant  into  it  three 
times  successively.  At  the  first  he  dips  one-third 
part  of  the  infant's  body  into  the  water,  saying,  '  I 
baptize  thee  in  the  name  of  the  Father;'  he  then 
dips  him  lower,  about  two-thirds,  adding,  'I  bap 
tize  thee  in  the  name  of  the  Son  ;'  the  third  time 
he  plunges  him  all  over,  saying,  'I  baptize  thee  in 
the  name  of  the  Holy  Ghost.'  "^ 

The  same  author,  as  quoted  by  Barrage,  de 
scribing  the  baptism  of  "  the  Rhynsburgers,  or  Col- 
legiants,  a  branch  of  the  Mennonites,  originating 
in  Holland,''  says, — 

"  The  candidate  for  baptism  makes  publicly  his 
profession  of  faith  on  a  Saturday,  in  the  morning, 
before  an  assembly  of  Rhynsbnrgers  held  for  that 
purpose.  A  discourse  is  pronounced  on  the  excel 
lency  and  nature  of  baptism.  The  minister  and 
candidate  go  together  to  a  pond  behind  a  house 
belonging  to  his  sect  (wre  might  call  it  a  hospital, 
since  they  received  for  nothing  those  who  had  not 
wherewithal  to  pay  their  hotel  bills).  In  that 
pond  the  neophyte,  catechumen,  or  candidate  is 
baptized  by  immersion.  If  a  man,  he  has  a  waist 
coat  and  drawers  ;  if  a  woman,  a  bodice  and  pet 
ticoat,  with  leads  in  the  hem."**  Picart's  work 
was  published  in  Amsterdam  in  1736. 

The  Russian  Church,  the  Greek  Church  in  Turkey 
and  in  the  little  kingdom  of  Greece,  the  Armenian, 
Nestorian,  Coptic,  Abyssinian,  and  the  other  Chris 
tian  communities  of  the  East,  have  always  practised 
immersion,  and  that  is  their  usage  at  this  hour. 
About  a  fourth  of  the  whole  Christian  people  on 
earth  still  immerse  in  baptism  ;  and  counting  the 
centuries  when  immersion  was  the  mode  of  baptism 
used  by  all  Christendom,  and  the  millions  that  em 
ploy  it  still,  we  are  safe  in  affirming  that  a  majority 
of  all  Christians,  living  and  dead,  were  immersed 
in  baptism.  (See  articles  on  SCRIPTURAL  MODE  OF 
BAPTISM,  BAPTISM  OF  CLOVIS,  BAPTISM  OF  TEN- 
THOUSAND  ENGLISH.) 

Immersions,  Great  European. — There  arc  sev 
eral  remarkable  baptisms  which  took  place  when 
Christianity  was  triumphantly  introduced  into  some 


||  The  Nestorians  and  their  Rituals,  pp.  207,  208.    London,  1852. 
fl  Burrage's  Act  of  Baptism,  p.  182. 
**  Idem,  p.  180. 


IMPOSITION 


573 


INDIAN 


of  the  European  nations  in  which  the  mode  was 
positively  immersion.  Saint  Patrick  baptized  more 
than  12,000  men  at  one  time  in  a  spring  in  Ireland. 
(See  article  on  PATRICK,  THE  APOSTLE  OF  IRE 
LAND.)  Clovis,  king  of  the  Franks,  with  3000  war 
riors,  his  two  sisters,  and  other  women  and  their 
children,  was  baptized  by  "  trine  immersion"  in 
496.  (See  article  on  THE  BAPTISM  OF  CLOVIS.) 
Ten  thousand  English  were  immersed  in  the  river 
Swale,  near  Canterbury,  in  597.  (See  article  on 
BAPTISM  OF  TEX  THOUSAND  ENGLISH.)  Three 
thousand  English  were  baptized  by  Paulinus  in  627, 
in  a  fountain  in  Northumberland,  England.  (See 
article  on  BAPTISTERY  OF  PAULINUS  IN  ENGLAND.) 
The  whole  population  of  the  city  of  Kieff  were  im 
mersed  in  the  Dneiper  at  one  time,  about  988. 
(See  article  on  BAPTISM  OF  THE  POPULATION  OF 
KIEFF.)  These  great  baptisms  must  have  con 
formed  to  the  recognized  mode  of  administering  the 
ordinance. 

Imposition  of  Hands  after  Baptism  was  a 
common  custom  among  Baptists  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  in  Europe  and  America,  though  it  never 
was  a  general  practice.  Its  observance  often  occa 
sioned  bitter  controversies,  which  sometimes  rent 
churches.  The  First  church  of  Providence,  R.  I., 
continued  the  laying  on  of  hands  till  the  end  of 
Dr.  Manning's  ministry;  and  the  supposition  that 
he  held  the  observance  of  it  rather  to  satisfy  the 
consciences  of  others  than  to  meet  the  demands  of 
his  own,  subjected  him  to  much  opposition.  When 
the  Philadelphia  Association  adopted  the  English 
Baptist  Confession  of  Faith  of  1689,  they  added  two 
articles  to  that  document,  one  "On  Singing  of 
Psalms,"  and  another  on  "  Laying  on  of  Hands." 
In  the  latter  article  the  Confession  of  Faith  says, 
"  We  believe  that  laying  on  of  hands,  with  prayer, 
upon  baptized  believers,  as  such,  is  an  ordinance 
of  Christ,  and  ought  to  be  submitted  unto  by  all 
such  persons  as  are  admitted  to  partake  of  the 
Lord's  Supper  :  and  that  the  end  of  this  ordinance 
is  not  for  the  extraordinary  gifts  of  the  Spirit,  but 
for  a  further  reception  of  the  Holy  Spirit  of  promise, 
or  for  the  addition  of  the  graces  of  the  Spirit,  and 
the  influences  thereof;  to  confirm,  strengthen,  and 
comfort  them  in  Christ  Jesus  ;  it  being  ratified  and 
established  by  the  extraordinary  gifts  of  the  Spirit 
in  the  primitive  times,  to  abide  in  the  church,  as 
meeting  together  on  the  first  day  of  the  week  was, 
Acts  ii.  1,  that  being  the  day  of  worship  or  Chris 
tian  Sabbath,  under  the  gospel ;  and  as  preaching 
the  Word  was,  Acts  x.  44,  and  as  baptism  was, 
Matt.  iii.  16,  and  prayer  was,  Acts  iv.  31,  and  sing 
ing  psalms,  etc.,  was,  Acts  xvi.  25,  26,  so  this  of 
laying  on  of  hands  was,  Acts  viii.  and  xix.  ;  for 
as  the  whole  gospel  was  confirmed  by  signs  and 
wonders,  and  divers  miracles  and  gifts  of  the  Holv 
Ghost  in  general,  so  was  every  ordinance  in  like 


manner  confirmed  in  particular."  This  article  was 
adopted  with  the  Confession,  Sept.  25,  1742.  The 
Koxborough  and  Second  Baptist  churches  of  Phila 
delphia  still  practise  this  observance.  Before  the 
hand  of  fellowship  is  given  to  the  newly  baptized 
the  pastor  places  his  hands  upon  the  head  of  each 
one  and  prays  for  the  person. 

By  most  modern  Baptist  churches  the  article 
quoted  from  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith 
is  regarded  as  one  of  the  unwise  things  received 
by  our  American  religious  ancestors.  The  few 
churches  that  still  retain  this  usage  see  something 

™  o 

in  it  to  admire. 

Imputed  Righteousness.  See  article  on  JUS 
TIFICATION. 

Index,  The  Christian,  a  weekly  Baptist  paper, 
has  been  published  in  the  State  of  Georgia  since 
the  year  1833.  It  was  first  issued  in  Washington, 
I).  C.,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Baptist  Board  of 
Foreign  Missions,  under  the  name  of  The  Colum 
bian  Star,  and  was  removed  to  Philadelphia,  where 
it  was  edited  by  Dr.  Win.  T.  Brandy,  the  elder, 
with  the  approval  of  the  board.  In  1833  it  was 
transferred  to  Jesse  Mercer,  who  began  its  publica 
tion  in  Washington,  Wilkes  Co.,  Ga.,  for  his  own 
convenience,  securing  the  services  of  Rev.  Wm.  11. 
Stokes  as  assistant  editor.  In  1840,  Mr.  Mercer 
transferred  the  paper  to  the  Georgia  Baptist  Con 
vention,  by  which  body  it  was  published  in  Penfield 
until  1856,  when  it  was  removed  to  Macon.  In 
1861  it  was  sold  to  S.  Boykin,  at  that  time  its  edi 
tor.  By  him  it  was  published  until  the  close  of 
the  civil  war,  when  he  sold  it  to  J.  J.  Toon,  of  At 
lanta,  who  transferred  it  to  that  city.  A  few  years 
ago  Mr.  Toon  sold  his  entire  publishing  establish 
ment,  including  the  Index,  to  Jas.  P.  Harrison  & 
Co.,  who  now  issue  the  Index.  It  is  doubtful  if 
there  is  any  other  one  instrumentality  by  which 
the  denomination  in  Georgia  has  been  more  bene 
fited  and  united  than  The  Christian  Index.  Its 
present  editor  is  Dr.  II.  II.  Tucker,  a  writer  of 
great  clearness  and  power,  of  extensive  er'udition, 
of  mature  judgment,  full  of  love  for  the  truth,  one 
of  nature's  noblemen,  whose  journal  is  an  honor 
to  the  Baptist  denomination. 

Indian  Missions. — The  attention  of  the  Baptist 
Triennial  Convention  was  early  turned  to  the 
spiritual  condition  of  the  Indian  tribes  of  North 
America.  At  the  first  meeting  of  the  Convention 
after  its  formation  in  1814,  steps  were  taken  to 
commence  evangelical  work  among  these  "  wards 
of  the  nation."  In  the  directions  given  to  Messrs. 
John  M.  Peck  and  James  E.  Welch,  they  were 
specially  enjoined  in  the  performance  of  their  duties 
as  domestic  missionaries,  stationed  at  St.  Louis,  to 
carry  the  gospel  to  the  Indians  with  whom  they 
might  be  brought  in  contact.  The  first  person  ap 
pointed  to  devote  his  whole  time  to  this  work  was 


TXDfAX 


574 


INDIANA 


Rev.  Isaac  McCoy,  who  was  stationed  at  what  was 
at  that  time — ISIS — the  far  West, — Fort  Wayne, 
Intl.  The  several  tribes  of  Miamies,  Kickapoos, 
Ottawas,  and  Pottawatomies,  all  speaking  dialects 
which  had  among  them  much  that  was  common, 
came  within  the  sphere  of  Mr.  McCoy's  labors. 
lie  was  so  far  successful  in  his  attempts  to  reach 
the  people  in  the  Held  of  his  missionary  operations 
that  he  succeeded  in  gathering  a  school  of  48  pupils, 
and  in  various  ways  had  brought  the  truths  of  the 
gospel  to  the  knowledge  of  these  heathen  of  North 
America. 

In  1S22  a  new  station  was  established  on  the 
banks  of  the  St.  Joseph's  River.  This  new  station, 
which  was  named  Carey  in  honor  of  the  distin 
guished  missionary,  was  a  hundred  miles  from  the 
nearest  settlement  of  white  men.  To  this  place 
those  who  had  been  gathered  under  the  fostering 
care  of  the  missionary  at  Fort  Wayne  were  re 
moved,  so  that  it  was  not  long  before  there  was  a 
church  at  Carey  of  30  or  40  members,  many  of 
whom  were  Indians,  and  it  is  said  that  "its  exer 
cises  of  public  worship  on  the  Sabbath  often  at 
tracted  large  companies  of  natives  from  the  adjacent 
settlements." 

A  third  station  was  formed  on  the  Grand  River 
among  the  Ottawas,  which  was  called  Thomas,  in 
honor  of  the  English  missionary  of  that  name. 
When,  in  1829,  the  station  at  Carey  was  partially 
abandoned,  the  missionaries  withdrew  to  the  new 
settlement,  where  the  prospects  of  success  were 
more  hopeful.  In  1S32  several  of  the  Indians  gave 
such  evidence  of  genuine  conversion  that  they  were 
baptized  and  received  into  the  church.  One  of  the 
principal  chiefs  of  the  Ottawas,  Noonday,  was 
among  the  number,  and  his  after-life  furnished 
proof  that  he  was  a  sincere  disciple  of  the  Lord 
Jesus.  While  there  were  there  things  to  encourage, 
there  were  others  to  depress.  The  Indians  retire 
before  the  approach  of  civilization,  and  their  terri 
tories  fall  into  the  hands  of  white  men.  The  set 
tlement  at  Thomas  was  broken  up,  and  the  mis 
sion,  with  the  Indians  connected  with  it,  removed 
to  Richland,  fifty  miles  farther  south.  The  most 
of  the  Ottawas  have  long  ago  disappeared  from 
Michigan,  and  there  is  but  little  left  to  indicate 
what  was  done  for  their  spiritual  benefit  by  the 
self-denying  missionaries  who  labored  so  earnestly 
to  do  them  good. 

The  history  of  the  mission  among  the  Ojibwas 
deserves  a  passing  notice.  The  board  of  the  Tri 
ennial  Convention,  in  1S2S,  accepted  the  funds 
appropriated  by  Congress  to  be  expended  for  the 
benefit  of  this  tribe,  and  established  a  mission 
at  Saut  Ste.  Marie,  one  of  the  trading-places  of 
the  tribe,  not  far  from  fifteen  miles  southeast  of 
Lake  Superior.  Rev.  Abel  Bingham  was  appointed 
missionary.  His  efforts  were  directed  to  both  the 


whites  and  the  Indians,  and  so  successful  was  he 
that  during  a  time  of.awakened  religious  interest, 
in  1832,  forty  persons  were  baptized  and  added  to  the 
church.  Eleven  of  this  number  were  Indians.  A 
translation  of  the  New  Testament  into  Ojibwa  was 
made  and  printed  in  1833  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  and 
circulated  among  the  people.  The  mission  passed 
through  various  fortunes,  adverse  and  prosperous, 
until  1857,  when  it  wras  discontinued. 

The  mission  among  the  Cherokees  has  yielded  as 
much  substantial  fruit  as  any  that  has  been  at 
tempted  by  the  Baptists  among  the  Indians.  In 
the  list  of  the  early  missionaries  sent  to  this  tribe 
we  find  the  honored  name  of  Evan  Jones.  Through 
his  labors,  and  those  of  his  associates,  we  find  that 
up  to  the  time  of  the  removal  of  the  Cherokees  by 
order  of  the  United  States  government,  in  1838, 
hundreds  of  them  had  been  converted  and  formed 
into  Christian  churches.  Mr.  Jones  followed  the 
Cherokees  to  their  new  home,  and  continued  to 
labor  for  their  spiritual  good  until  his  removal  to 
Kansas  in  18G2.  In  1842  all  the  churches  were 
reported  as  having  meeting-houses,  and  a  printing- 
office  had  been  furnished  at  the  expense  of  the 
Cherokees.  In  1846  the  translation  of  the  New 
Testament  was  completed.  The  progress  of  the 
mission  was  steadily  maintained  year  after  year, 
and  the  influence  of  the  gospel  in  elevating  and 
blessing  the  people  was  of  the  most  marked  char 
acter.  In  1863  the  estimate  of  the  number  of 
church  members  was  1500. 

Other  Indian  tribes  among  whom  Baptist  mis 
sionaries  have  labored  are  the  Choctaws,  the  Creeks, 
the  Otoes,  the  Omahas,  the  Delawares,  and  the 
Shawanees.  Among  the  honored  servants  of  Christ 
who  have  labored  among  these  different  tribes  may 
be  mentioned  Rev.  Moses  Merrill,  Rev.  Jotham 
Meeker,  Rev.  Leonard  Slater,  Rev.  Thomas  Frye, 
Rev.  Jesse  Busyhead,  a  native  preacher,  Rev.  John 
B.  Jones,  Rev.  Ira  D.  Blanchard,  Rev.  J.  G.  Pratt, 
Misses  E.  S.  and  II.  II.  Morse,  Rev.  J.  Lykins, 
and  Rev.  Francis  Barker. 

The  Home  Mission  Society  has  spent  nearly 
$28,000  since  1865  in  supporting  missionaries 
among  the  Indians.  It  has  at  present  three  white 
missionaries,  one  colored,  and  six  Indian,  laboring 
among  the  Indians  in  the  Indian  Territory.  It 
also  supports  the  principal  of  a  normal  and  theo 
logical  school.  In  the  Indian  Territory  there  are 
100  Baptist  churches,  with  a  membership  of  6000. 
See  article  on  SOUTHERN  BAPTIST  CONVENTION. 
Indiana  Baptist  Papers.— The  American  Mes 
senger  was  first  begun  in  Madison  in  1843,  with 
Rev.  E.  D.  Owen  as  editor.  It  was  then  a  bi 
weekly,  afterwards  a  weekly.  In  1846  he  removed 
it  to  Indianapolis,  and  after  about  one  year  sold 
it  to  the  Cross  and  Journal,  of  Ohio,  and  it  became 
a  part  of  what  is  now  the  Journal  and  Messenger. 


INDIANA 


575 


INDIANA 


At  a  meeting  of  brethren  attending  commence 
ment  exercises  at  Franklin  College,  in  June,  1856, 
it  was  unanimously  resolved  "  that  we  make  an 
effort  to  start  a  paper  at  Indianapolis,"  and  "  that 
the  matter  be  put  into  the  hands  of  a  publishing 
committee,  until  such  time  as  a  suitable  editor  can 
be  found."  The  paper  was  called  The  Witness. 
Very  soon  Ilev.  M.  G.  Clarke  became  editor.  He 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  E.  W.  Clark,  who  con 
ducted  it  till  1867,  when  it  was  sold  to  the  Chris 
tian  Times,  of  Chicago,  and  became  a  part  of  what 
is  now  The  Standard.  Three  different  papers 
have  been  started  by  the  presidents  of  Franklin 
College,  as  aids  in  their  work.  Dr.  Chandler  pub 
lished  a  few  numbers  of  The  Baptist  Inquirer  in 
1843.  President  "Wayland  issued  twelve  or  fifteen 
numbers  of  the  Camp- Fire  in  1870,  and  President 
Stott  has  for  three  years  conducted  The  Link  in 
the  immediate  interests  of  the  college. 

Ilev.  A.  R.  Ilinckley  was  for  several  years  asso 
ciate  editor  of  the  Baptist  Banner  and  Pioneer, 
published  in  Louisville,  Ky.  Hon.  J.  L.  Holman 
was  likewise,  for  several  years,  associate  editor  of 
the  Baptist  Advocate,  published  in  Cincinnati,  O. 

Rev.  W.  N.  Wyeth,  D.D.,  Indianapolis,  is  at 
present  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Journal  and  Mes 
senger. 

Indiana  Baptist  State  Convention,  The,  was 

organized  at  a  church  called  Brandywine,  in  Shelby 
County,  in  April,  1833.  Rev.  Samuel  Harding  was 
elected  President ;  Rev.  J.  L.  Holman,  Recording 
Secretary  ;  Rev.  Ezra  Fisher,  Corresponding  Secre 
tary,  and  Henry  Bradley,  Esq.,  Treasurer.  The 
annual  sermon  was  preached  by  Rev.  Ezra  Fisher. 
There  were  present  37  delegates,  and  the  treasurer's 
receipts  were  §17.00. 

The  receipts  in  1840  were  §1205.05;  1850, 
SI .139.73;  I860,  $2464.23  ;  1870,  §410.05  ;  1879, 
$3495.30. 

The  first  policy  adopted  for  the  evangelization 
of  the  State  was  that  each  minister  should  spend 
several  weeks  in  traveling,  holding  a  series  of 
meetings  in  destitute  places. 

These  brethren  received  very  little  compensation, 
in  some  cases  none.  The  next  plan  was  to  collect 
money  in  the  several  Associations,  and  employ  a 
few  men  to  travel  and  preach  all  the  time.  But 
little  money  was  expended  at  any  one  point,  and 
so  the  fruits  of  the  labor  were  not  apparent  for  any 
length  of  time.  Next  the  "  village  fund"  policy, 
introduced  from  Ohio  by  Rev.  T.  R.  Cressy,  who 
came  into  the  State  as  pastor,  was  tried.  In  this 
plan  men  pledged  themselves  to  give  35  or  $10 
per  year  for  five  years,  to  aid  in  planting  Bap 
tist  churches  in  the  villages.  It  did  not  contem 
plate  the  permanent  settlement  of  a  pastor  over 
the  church,  and  so  it  failed  of  any  great  fruit. 
Finally  it  was  agreed  that  the  money  gathered 


should  be  expended  only  at  such  places  as  gave 
promise  of  success.  For  several  years  there  was 
much  discussion  as  to  what  points  gave  such  prom 
ise.  At  the  present  time  the  settled  policy  of  the 
State  board  is  that  no  place  shall  be  aided  that  does 
not  give  hopes  of  becoming  self-supporting  within  a 
reasonable  time,  and  the  success  of  State  missions 
was  never  so  fully  assured  as  now.  The  Conven 
tion  at  this  time  employs  ten  missionaries,  and 
through  the  efficient  labors  of  the  general  agent, 
Rev.  A.  J.  Essex,  the  salaries  are  paid  quarterly. 
The  board  is  especially  seizing  opportunities  to 
plant  churches  in  counti-y  towns.  Within  five  years 
anew  departure  has  been  taken  as  to  the  relation 
the  State  Convention  sustains  to  foreign  missions, 
home  missions,  education,  etc. 

It  was  formerly  thought  that  the  body  having 
State  missions  in  charge  was  the  State  Convention, 
and  that  the  other  organizations  met  with  it  for  con 
venience,  and  by  courtesy.  The  present  conviction 
is  that  each  of  these  organizations  is  a  part  of  the 
State  Convention.  The  Convention,  through  ap 
propriate  standing  committees  or  boards,  attends  to 
State  missions,  home  missions,  foreign  missions, 
publication  society,  education,  etc.  The  organiza 
tion  under  its  present  management  seems  to  be  in 
a  high  state  of  efficiency. 

The  past  year  260  churches  contributed  to  State 
missions  ;  that  was  the  largest  number  ever  giving 
money  for  this  purpose.  This  year  the  number 
will  be  300. 

Indiana  Baptists,  their  Origin  and  Growth. 
— The  first  church  organized  in  what  is  now  the 
State  of  Indiana  was  originally  called  Owens,  next 
Fourteen-Mile,  and  then  Silver  Creek.  While 
bearing  the  name  Silver  Creek,  the  church  was  di 
vided  by  the  doctrines  of  A.  Campbell  ;  the  portion 
holding  fast  the  doctrines  of  the  Philadelphia  Con 
fession  of  Faith  retaining  their  organization,  and 
finally  becoming  the  Charlestown  church.  The 
original  church  was  constituted  in  1798,  under  the 
leadership  of  Rev.  Isaac  Edwards,  a  native  of  Xew 
Jersey.  The  church  is  best  known  in  history  by  the 
name  Silver  Creek.  Around  it  was  gathered  at 
length  the  Silver  Creek  Association,  which  in  turn 
become  three  or  four  Associations.  The  first  settle 
ments  were  along  the  rivers,  and  so  the  centres  of 
Baptist  strength  were  at  first  along  the  Wabash  on 
the  west,  the  Ohio  on  the  south,  and  White  Water  on 
the  east,  the  main  rivers  of  the  State.  The  first 
Association  in  the  State  was  White  Water,  formed 
in  1809,  the  next  was  Silver  Creek,  formed  in  1812. 
As  an  indication  of  the  unstable  condition  of  affairs 
during  the  earlier  history  of  Indiana  Baptists,  it 
may  be  stated  that  there  have  been  formed  in  all, 
up  to  this  time,  sixty  Associations. 

There  are  now  but  thirty.  Exact  statistics  as 
to  membership  can  only  be  approximated.  In 


INDIANA 


576 


INDIANAPOLIS 


1812,  1376;  1832,  11,334;  1840,  16,234;  1845, 
15,795;  1S50,  IS, 311;  1S57,  25,282;  1860,28,038; 
1866,  29,103;  1876,  40,015;  1880  (estimated), 
42,159, — in  568  churches.  The  apparent  decrease 
from  1840  to  1845  is  to  be  accounted  for  by  the 
fact  that  several  anti-mission  Associations  with 
drew  from  all  correspondence  with  the  State  Con 
vention.  Indeed,  it  may  1)6  said  that  most  of  the 
thirty  Associations  dropped  from  the  list  have  died 
because  of  their  anti-mission  policy  and  spirit.  A 
few  yet  survive  as  working  bodies,  and  some  were 
merged  into  other  missionary  Associations.  A 
brother,  who  is  constantly  traveling  over  the  State, 
estimates  the  anti-mission  membership  at  5000. 
Their  strength  is  now  a  mere  fragment  of  what  it 
once  was.  No  account  is  made  of  them  in  the  gen 
eral  statistics  of  the  State. 

Indiana,  Educational  Institutions  of.— The 

first  meeting  having  for  its  object  the  founding  of 
an  institution  of  learning  for  Baptists  was  held  in 
Indianapolis,  June  5,  1834.  The  final  result  was 
the  establishment  of  Franklin  College,  which  with 
a  variety  of  experiences  "continues  to  this  day," 
and  is  now  in  a  more  prosperous  condition  than 
ever  before.  In  1848,  Rev.  J.  G.  Craven  and  his 
father  founded  a  school  at  College  Hill,  JeS'erson 
Co.,  for  the  education  of  all  colors  and  both  sexes. 
In  1849,  Rev.  J.  C.  Thompson,  of  Ohio,  came  to 
their  assistance.  The  name  given  the  institution 
was  Eleutlierean  College.  The  Cravens  put  great 
energy  at  the  service  of  the  school,  and  for  some 
time  it  prospered  notwithstanding  its  persecutions. 
One  of  the  most  distinguished  of  its  colored  pupils 
is  Rev.  Moses  Broyles,  of  Indianapolis.  There 
have  been  several  attempts  to  revive  the  school,  but 
without  permanent  success.  It  had  no  endowment, 
and  hence  it  could  not  live.  About  the  year  1854, 
Revs.  Anson  Tucker  and  D.  Taylor  were  appointed 
by  the  Education  Society  of  Indiana  to  proceed  in 
the  work  of  founding  a  school  for  young  women  at 
La  Fayette.  They  reported  $12,000  pledged.  Prof. 
AV.  Brand  resigned  his  place  in  the  faculty  of 
Franklin  College  to  enter  upon  his  duties  as  agent 
of  the  school, — The  Western  Female  Seminary. 
The  effort  finally  failed,  and  the  interest  aroused  in 
behalf  of  the  enterprise  was  in  a  measure  trans 
ferred  to  Ladoga  in  the  Freedom  Association.  La 
doga  Female  Seminary,  established  in  1855,  was 
intended  at  first  to  supply  the  wants  of  its  own  As 
sociation,  but  it  was  found  that  Northwestern  In 
diana  was  its  appropriate  field.  It  has  done  suc 
cessful  work  under  Principals  Rev.  G.  Williams, 
M.  Bailey,  Rev.  A.  J.  Arawtcr,  and  Rev.  AY.  Hill. 
For  lack  of  endowment  it  finally  suspended. 

The  same  may  be  said  in  general  of  Crown  Point 
Academy,  under  the  principalship  of  Rev.  T.  II. 
Ball,  and  Iluritington  Academy,  founded  by  Dea 
con  John  Kenower.  The  lack  of  endowment,  and 


the  fact  of  the  establishment  of  public  high  schools 
in  the  State  within  a  few  years,  led  to  the  suspen 
sion  of  all  schools  except  the  college  at  Franklin. 
The  last  to  succumb  was  the  Indianapolis  Female 
Institute.  This  was  founded  in  1858.  Rev.  G. 
AVilliamswas  its  first  principal.  The  total  expended 
for  site  and  buildings  was  $53.000.  Rev.  L.  Hay- 
den,  D.D.,  was  the  last  principal.  It  suspended  in 
1872. 

Indiana  Baptists  have  also  taken  considerable 
interest  in  the  Baptist  Theological  Seminary  in 
Chicago,  and  contributed  several  thousand  dollars 
to  that  institution.  The  largest  sum  given  is  $5000, 
by  M.  L.  Pierce,  Esq.,  of  La  Fayette. 

Ministerial  training  is  receiving  new  attention 
in  the  State.  During  the  year  there  were  42  young 
men  receiving  education  for  the  ministry,  23  of 
whom  were  at  Franklin  College. 

Indiana,  Publication  Society  in. — The  Amer 
ican  Baptist  Publication  Society  began  work  in 
the  State  about  the  jrear  that  it  took  its  present 
name.  Revs.  G.  C.  Chandler  and  T.  C.  Town- 
send  took  special  interest  in  the  circulation  of  its 
tracts,  the  one  from  Franklin  as  a  centre,  the  other 
from  Anderson.  The  State  has  made  contributions 
to  the  society,  giving  in  1857,  $85;  1865,  $438; 
1870,  $663; "  1875,  $1081;  1880,  $1873.  Some 
legacies  have  been  given,  among  the  largest  is  one 
of  $5000  from  J.  L.  Allen.  Rev.  E.  A.  Russell  is 
the  Sunday-school  missionary  of  the  society  for 
Indiana. 

Indiana,  The  Sunday-Schools  of,  were  not 

general  before  1850.  Many  churches,  however, 
had  schools  as  early  as  1833.  Most  of  the  schools  at 
first,  especially  in  the  country,  were  union  schools, 
and  were  what  are  now  called  "  summer"  schools. 
In  1848,  the  missionaries  of  the  Indiana  Baptist 
State  Convention  were  instructed  "to  make  it  a 
prominent  part  of  their  business  to  establish  Sab 
bath-schools,  and  labor  to  promote  their  interests." 
There  was  no  persistent  effort  made  to  gather  Sun 
day-school  statistics  till  1868,  when  Rev.  E.  A.  Rus 
sell  was  appointed  Sunday-school  missionary  for 
Indiana  by  the  American  Baptist  Publication  So 
ciety.  His  report  for  1870  is  as  follows  :  schools, 
285  ;  officers  and  teachers.  1628  ;  scholars,  22,369  : 
converted  during  one  year,  770;  volumes  in  libra 
ries,  17,111.  Of  the  285  schools,  51  were  union, 
There  is  a  marvelous  increase  since  1870.  In  1878 
there  wer.e :  schools,  542 ;  officers  and  teachers, 
5000;  scholars,  58,000  ;  volumes  in  library.  30,000  ; 
benevolent  contributions,  $71,615.  Indiana  now 
comes  to  the  front  in  the  number  of  scholars. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.,  Baptists  of.— The  First 
Baptist  church  was  constituted  Sept.  28,  1822,  with 
17  members.  The  pastors  have  been  Revs.  B. 
Barnes,  A.  Smoch,  J.  L.  Richmond,  M.D.,  G.  C. 
Chandler,  D.D.,  T.  R.  Cressy,  S.  Dyer,  Ph.D.,  J. 


INFANT  BAPTISM 


577 


INFANT  BAPTISM 


B.  Simmons,  D.D.,  II.  Day,  D.D.  (who  was  pastor 
for  fifteen  years  and  built   the  present  house  of 
worship),  W.  Randolph,  D.D.,  II.  C.  Mabie  (pres 
ent  pastor).     The  church  at  present  numbers  515. 
The  superintendent  of  the   Sabbath-school  is  W. 

C.  Smoch.     The   church  has   planted    three  other 
churches  in  the  city. 

South  Street  was  organized  in  1869  with  73  mem 
bers.  Its  pastors  have  been  Revs.  W.  Elgin,  II. 
Smith,  G.  W.  Riley,  J.  S.  Gillespie,  and  J.  N. 
Clark  (present  pastor).  Present  membership,  217. 

North  Street  was  organized  in  1871  with  27  mem 
bers.  Its  pastors  have  been  Revs.  E.  K.  Chandler, 
J.  B.  Schaff,  I.  N.  Carman,  and  G.  II.  Elgin  (pres 
ent  pastor).  Present  membership,  120. 

Garden  church  was  organized  in  1872  with  16 
members.  Its  pastors  have  been  Revs.  S.  Corne 
lius,  D.D.,  P.  Shedd,  and  C.  B.  Allen,  Jr.  Present 
membership,  112.  Sabbath-school  superintendent, 
II.  Knippenberg. 

Infant  Baptism  in  all  Ages  has  required 
Faith  before  its  Administration.— This  is  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  features  of  that  unscrip- 
tural  practice.  Neander  alludes  to  this  demand 
when  he  says,  "  Infant  baptism  also  furnished 
probably  the  first  occasion  for  the  appointment  of 
sponsors  or  godfathers  ;  for  as  this  was  a  case  in 
which  the  persons  baptized  could  not  themselves 
declare  their  confession  of  faith,  it  became  neces 
sary  for  others  to  do  it  in  their  name."  (Church 
History,  i.  315.  Boston.)  From  the  first  intima 
tions  of  the  existence  of  infant  baptism  the  sponsor 
is  spoken  of,  who  professed  faith  for  the  child. 
Though  it  should  be  remembered  that  sponsors 
were  required  for  others  as  well  as  infants,  and 
that  Neander  was  mistaken  in  saying  that  "infant  ' 
baptism  also  furnished  probably  the  first  occasion 
for  the  appointment  of  sponsors."  He  only  gives 
his  opinion  as  a  probability.  As  Bingham  says, 
"  There  were  sponsors  for  such  adult  persons  as 
could  not  answer  for  themselves,"  who  were  speech 
less  from  some  cause,  and  there  were  sponsors  for 
persons  of  full  intelligence,  "whose  duty  was  not 
to  answer  in  their  names"  (the  candidates  for  bap 
tism),  "  but  only  to  admonish  and  instruct  them." 
(Antiquities  of  the  Christian  Church,  pp.  526,  527. 
London,  1870.)  Tertullian  mentions  the  existence 
of  sponsors  in  his  day,  when  child,  not  infant,  bap 
tism  was  first  proposed.  (De  Baptismo,  cap.  18.) 
It  is  probable,  since  sponsors  were  in  the  church 
in  the  end  of  the  second  century,  before  infant 
baptism  existed,  that  they  were  first  used  in  times 
of  persecution  to  guard  the  Christian  communities 
against  spies  who  sought  membership  in  them  to 
betray  them,  arid  that  afterwards  they  were  em 
ployed  to  instruct  and  guard  those  for  whose  char 
acter  they  had  become  responsible.  There  is  no 
lack  of  evidence  among  early  writers  to  sustain 


Bingham's  three  classes  of  sponsors,  so  that  when 
the  word  sponsor  is  found  in  the  fathers  it  may 
have  no  reference  to  infant  baptism  ;  but  when  in 
fant  baptism  was  introduced  sponsors  were  always 
required  to  profess  faith  for  the  unconscious  sub 
jects  of  the  rite. 

When  Augustine  baptized  an  infant  he  asked, 
"Does  this  child  believe  in  God?  Does  he  turn  to 
God  ?"  And  he  declares  expressly  in  another  place 
that  sponsors  answered  for  the  children.  (Patrol- 
ogia  Latina,  xxxiii.  363.  Parisiis.)  The  great 
bishop  of  Hippo,  the  man  who  gave  its  chief  im 
petus  to  infant  baptism,  insisted  on  faith  before  its 
administration.  Martin  Luther's  "  Smaller  Cate 
chism"  has  these  questions  and  answers : 

"  When  did  the  Holy  Ghost  begin  this  santifica- 
tion  in  you?"  "  In  the  holy  ordinance  of  baptism 
the  Holy  Ghost  began  this  sanctification  in  me." 

"  What  did  God  promise  you  in  holy  baptism  ?" 
"God  promised,  and  also  bestowed  upon  me,  the 
forgiveness  of  sins,  life,  and  salvation." 

"  But  what  did  you  promise  God?"  "  I  prom 
ised  that  I  would  renounce  the  devil  and  all  his 
works  and  ways,  and  believe  in  God  the  Father,  Son, 
and  Holy  Ghost." 

"  Through  whom  did  you  make  this  promise  in 
holy  baptism?"  "I  made  this  promise  in  holy 
baptism  through  my  sponsors."  (Catechism,  p. 
58.  New  York,  1867.) 

"  The  Garden  of  the  Soul"  (pp.  184,  185.  Lon 
don),  a  popular  English  Catholic  prayer-book,  has 
these  questions  and  answers  about  baptism  : 

"  Dost  thou  renounce  Satan?"  "I  do  renounce 
him." 

"  And  all  his  wrorks?"     "  I  do  renounce  them." 
"  And  all  his  pomps?"     "  I  do  renounce  them." 
"  Dost  thou  believe  in  God,  the  Father  Almighty, 
creator  of  heaven  and  earth?"      "I  do  believe." 

"  Dost  thou  believe  in  Jesus  Christ,  his  only  Son, 
our  Lord,  who  was  born  into  this  world  and  suf 
fered  for  us?"  "  / do  believe."1 

"Dost  thou  believe  in  the  Holy  Ghost,  the  holy 
Catholic  Church,  the  communion  of  saints,  the  for 
giveness  of  sins,  the  resurrection  of  the  body,  and 
life  everlasting?"  "  I  do  believe." 

It  is  stated  at  the  commencement  of  these  ques 
tions  that  "the  priest  interrogates  the  person  to  be 
baptized,  or  the  sponsors,  if  an  infant,  as  follows  ;" 
so  that  the  sponsors  not  only  make  solemn  renun 
ciations  for  the  infant,  but  profess  a  comprehensive 
faith  for  it  before  it  can  be  baptized. 

In  the  Greek  Church  the  priest,  as  a  prerequisite 
to  baptism,  asks,  "  Hast  thou  renounced  Satan?" 
And  the  catechumen  or  sponsor  replies,  "  I  have 
renounced  him." 

"Hast  thou  joined  thyself  unto  Christ?"  And 
he  answers,  "  I  have  joined  myself." 

"  And  dost  thou  believe  on  him  ?"     The  catechu- 


INFANT  BAPTISM 


578 


INFANT  BAPTISM 


men  replies,  "  I  ltdieve  on  him  as  king  and  God." 
(Neale's  History  of  the  Holy  Eastern  Church, 
Part  I.  1)50.  London,  1850.)  Of  course,  in  the 
case  of  an  infant  the  faith  is  professed  by  the  spon 
sor,  and  it  must  be  confessed  before  baptism. 

In  tin;  Episcopal  Church,  when  a  child  is  brought 
for  baptism,  the  minister  asks  each  godfather  and 
godmother  the  following  questions,  and  receives 
the  answers  given  to  them  : 

>;  Dost  thou.  in  the  name  of  this  child,  renounce 
the  devil  and  all  his  works,  the  vain  pomp  and  glory 
of  the  world,  with  all  covetous  desires  of  the  same, 
and  the  carnal  desires  of  the  flesh,  so  that  thou  wilt 
not  follow  nor  be  led  by  them?"  "I  renounce 
them  all.'1 

"  Dost  thou  believe  in  God,  the  Father  Almighty, 
maker  of  heaven  and  earth?  And  in  Jesus  Christ, 
his  only  begotten  Son,  our  Lord?  And  that  he 
was  conceived  by  the  Holy  Ghost,  born  of  the  Vir 
gin  Mary  ;  that  he  suffered  under  Pontius  Pilate, 
was  crucified,  dead,  and  buried  ;  that  he  went  into 
hell,  and  also  did  rise  again  the  third  day  ;  that  he 
ascended  into  heaven  and  sitteth  at  the  right  hand 
of  God,  the  Father  Almighty,  and  from  thence 
shall  come  again  at  the  end  of  the  world  to  judge 
the  quick  and  the  dead  ?"  etc.  "  All  this  I  stcad- 
fasthj  believe"  (Book  of  Common  Prayer  :  Public 
Baptism  of  Infants.)  Such  is  the  profession  of 
faith  made  by  sponsors  for  an  unconscious  infant 
in  the  Episcopal  Church.  The  "  Westminster  Con 
fession  of  Faith,"  chap,  xxviii.  sec.  4,  says,  "  Not 
only  those  that  do  actually  profess  faith  in  and 
obedience  unto  Christ,  but  also  the  infants  of  one 
or  both  believing  parents,  are  to  be  baptized."  Here 
there  is  no  provision  made  for  the  baptism  of  any 
infant  unless  one  of  its  parents  had  faith  in  Christ ; 
and  upon  that  faith  the  baptism  of  any  infant  de 
pends  among  the  Scotch.  Scotch-Irish,  English, 
and  American  Presbyterians. 

The  British  Congregationalists,  though  having 
the  li  Savoy  Confession,"  prepared  by  their  own 
brethren,  according  to  Neale  (History  of  the  Pu 
ritans,  iv.  164.  Dublin,  1755),  "  have  in  a  manner 
laid  aside  the  use  of  it  in  their  families,  and  agreed 
with  the  Presbyterians  in  the  use  of  the  Assem 
bly's  (Westminster)  Catechism."  Robinson  gives 
an  account  of  a  Congregational  baptism  at  which 
the  minister  stated  that  "  not  only  those  that  do 
actually  profess  faith  in  and  obedience  unto  Christ, 
but  also  the  infants  of  one  or  both  believing  pa 
rents,  were  to  be  baptized."  (History  of  Baptism, 
p.  081.  Nashville.)  These  are  the  exact  words 
of  the  "  Westminster  Confession  of  Faith,"  and 
they  require  faith  in  one  parent  for  the  baptism  of 
an  infant. 

Throughout  the  Christian  ages  all  the  great 
churches  that  baptized  infants  before  the  Reforma 
tion,  and  all  the  large  communities  that  were 


formed  during  or  soon  after  it  that  followed  that 
practice,  insisted  on  faith  as  essential  to  baptism 
as  strongly  as  the  Baptists  have  ever  done.  When 
the  ''  Episcopal  Catechism,"  in  answer  to  the  ques 
tion,  ''What  is  required  of  persons  to  be  bap 
tized?"  says,  "  Repentance,  whereby  they  forsake 
sin,  and  faith,  whereby  they  steadfastly  believe  the 
promises  of  God  made  to  them  in  that  sacrament," 
it  gives  the  doctrine  held  by  all  the  great  historic 
communities  of  the  Christian  world  since  infant 
baptism  arose  about  the  absolute  need  of  faith 
before  baptism.  This  has  always  been  the  teaching 
of  Baptists  during  the  Christian  centuries  when 
only  believers  were  immersed,  and  throughout  all 
the  dark  and  enlightened  ages  since.  The  differ 
ence  between  us  and  Pedobaptists  is  that  they  are 
satisfied  with  healing  faith  in  a  sponsor,  or  in  a 
parent,  while  the  infant  has  the  disease  of  sin  and 
is  without  faith  in  Christ.  If  it  reaches  years  of 
responsibility  it  will  surely  be  without  God  and 
without  hope  in  the  world  ;  and  we  want  the  heal 
ing  faith  in  the  heart  of  the  candidate,  according 
to  the  Master's  saying,  "  lie  that  believeth  and  is 
baptized  shall  be  saved." — Mark  xvi.  16. 

We  furnish  candidates  for  immersion  with  suit 
able  robes  in  which  to  receive  Christian  baptism  ; 
but  we  can  only  loan  the  garments,  the  needed  faith 
is  the  gift  of  God.  The  five  wise  virgins  in  the 
parable,  as  they  beheld  their  five  foolish  compan 
ions  in  the  throes  of  despair  because  they  had  not 
the  oil  of  saving  faith  in  their  lamps,  full  of  com 
passion  for  them  as  they  were,  and  enjoying  the 
faith  that  gave  everlasting  life,  had  no  faith  to  loan 
them  or  to  profess  for  them.  Arid  no  Christian 
ever  had  a  faith  which  he  could  place  to  the  credit 
of  any  one,  infant  or  adult.  A  man  might  as  well 
attempt  to  loan  an  unconscious  child  the  vigor  of 
his  mature  mind,  or  the  power  of  his  strong  right 
arm,  or  a  dozen  of  the  heavenly  worlds. 

Infant  Baptism  in  the  first  Four  Christian 
Centuries. — There  is  not  a  single  recorded  case  in 
the  first  two  ages  of  Christian  history  of  the  bap 
tism  of  an  unconscious  babe.  Men  have  searched 
this  period  with  a  scrutiny  and  a  measure  of  learn 
ing  never  surpassed  to  find  one  undeniable  instance 
of  the  kind,  but  the  literature  of  Christianity  has 
been  examined  in  vain,  and  it  ever  will  be.  Justin 
Martyr  gives  a  full  account  of  the  manner  of  con 
ferring  baptism  in  the  latter  half  of  the  second  cen 
tury.  "  As  many,"  says  he,  "  as  are  persuaded  and 
believe  Unit  the  things  which  ive  teach  and  declare  are 
true,  and  promise  that  they  are  determined  to  live  ac 
cordingly,  are  taught  to  pray  to  God,  and  to  beseech 
him  with  fasting  to  grant  them  theremission  for  their 
sins,  while  we  also  pray  and  fast  with  them.  We 
then  lead  them  to  a  place  where  there  is  water,  and 
there  they  are  regenerated  in  the  same  manner  as 
wre  also  were ;  for  they  are  there  washed  in  that 


INFANT  BAPTISM 


579 


INFANT  BAPTISM 


water  in  the  name  of  God  the  Father  and  Lord  of 
the  universe,  and  of  our  Saviour  Jesus  Christ,  and 
of  the  Holy  Spirit.''  (Patrologia  Grajca,  vol.  vi. 
p.  240.  Migne.  Purisiis,  1857.) 

In  Justin's  time  candidates  for  baptism  believed 
that  the  statements  of  Christian  teachers  were  true  : 
they  promised  to  live  according  to  gospel  require 
ments,  and  they  prayed  for  pardon.  These  were 
believers,  and  he  names  no  other  class  of  persons 
who  were  bapti/.ed.  Tertullian,  just  at  the  close 
of  the  second  century,  while  yet  orthodox,  says, 
''  It  behooves  those  who  are  going  to  be  baptized 
to  pray  with  frequent  supplications,  fasts,  kneel- 
ings,  and  vigils,  and  witli  the  confession  of  all  past 
faults,  that  they  may  show  forth  even  John's  bap 
tism  ;  they  were  immersed,''  he  says,  "confessing 
their  sins.''  (De  Baptismo,  cap.  xx.)  No  uncon 
scious  babe  could  make  these  preparations,  or  at 
this  period  enjoyed  Christian  baptism.  There  was 
in  Tertullian's  time  an  effort  made  to  introduce, 
not  the  baptism  of  new-born  infants,  but  of  little 
children,  which  he  denounced.  The  learned  Sal- 
masius  and  Suicerus  have  been  criticised  by  Bing- 
hain  for  the  statement,  "  For  the  first  two  ages  no 
one  received  baptism  who  was  not  first  instructed 
in  the  faith  and  doctrine  of  Christ,  so  as  to  be  able 
to  answer  for  himself  that  he  believed,  because  of 
those  words,  '  lie  that  believeth  and  is  baptized.'  " 
(Antiquities  of  the  Christian  Church,  Book  xi. 
chap,  iv,  sec.  5.)  But  Bingham,  profoundly  versed 
as  he  was  in  the  doctrines  and  practices  of  the  early 
church,  brings  forward  no  case  of  the  baptism  of 
an  unconscious  infant  during  this  period,  or  a  posi 
tive  account  of  the  existence  of  the  rite.  He  could  not. 

There  is  but  one  case  of  unconscious  infant  bap 
tism  in  the  entire  third  century.  The  facts  about 
it  are  found — in  the  letter  of  Cyprian  and  sixty-six 
bishops  addressed  to  Fidus — in  the  works  of  Cyp 
rian  bishop  of  Carthage.  Fidus,  an  African  bishop, 
living  in  scenes  of  rustic  ignorance,  wrote  to  Cyp 
rian  to  learn  the  earliest  time  when  an  infant 
might  be  baptized.  Cyprian  could  not  answer  the 
question  ;  but  a  council  of  sixty-six  bishops,  of 
which  lie  was  a  member,  decided  that  it  might  be 
baptized  as  soon  as  it  was  born.  They  also  gave 
their  reasons  for  their  conclusion.  One  was  be 
cause  the  sins  of  a  babe  were  not  as  grave  as  those 
of  a  man,  and  as  baptism  took  away  the  greater 
sins  it  could  remove  the  smaller;  and  another  was 
that  Klisha  placed  his  body  upon  the  lifeless  body 
of  the  child  which  ho  restored,  his  mouth  to  its 
mouth,  his  eyes  to  its  eyes,  arid  his  hands  to  its 
hands,  the  spiritual  sense  of  which  was  that  infants 
are  equal  to  men,  and  therefore  should  have  their 
baptism.  This  is  the  first  record  of  unconscious 
infant  baptism  on  the  page  of  Christian,  history, 
and  there  is  no  other  instance  in  the  third  century. 
The  council  was  supposed  to  have  been  held  about 


A.I).  250.  This  letter  in  Cyprian  is  supposed  by 
many  to  be  spurious  ;  and  we  are  inclined  to  that 
opinion,  chiefly  because  the  progress  of  the  infant 
error  was  so  very  slow  ;  the  great  theologian,  Au 
gustine,  a  North  African  by  birth,  who  was  born  in 
354,  whose  mother  was  the  saintly  Monica,  was  not 
baptized  till  he  was  thirty-three  years  of  age, — an 
occurrence  nearly  impossible  if  the  infant  rite  had 
been  sanctioned  by  Cyprian  and  the  other  authori 
ties  of  the  North  African  Church  a  century  before. 
The  Christian  writers  of  the  East  in  tin;  third  cen 
tury  treat  of  child,  not  infant,  baptism, — -children 
of  six  years  or  more. 

In  the  fourth  century  the  greatest  church  lead 
ers,  and  some  of  them  the  most  eminent  Christian 
authors  of  all  the  ages  since  Jesus,  though  the 
children  of  believers,  were  not  bapti/.ed  in  infancy. 
Ambrose,  whose  family  were  all  Christians,  was 
governor  of  Milan,  and  elected  to  be  its  archbishop 
before  he  was  bapti/.ed.  In  381,  Nectarius  was 
elected  archbishop  of  Constantinople,  when,  ac 
cording  to  Sozomen,  "  he  was  of  advanced  age," 
and  unbaptized.  Gregory  Na/.ianzen,  who  was 
born  while  his  father  was  bishop  of  Nazianzum, 
was  baptized  in  his  thirtieth  year,  and  he  was 
archbishop  of  Constantinople.  The  eloquent  John 
Chrysostom,  both  of  whose  parents  were  Chris 
tians,  was  baptized  when  he  was  twenty-eight,  and 
he,  too,  presided  over  the  See  of  Constantinople. 
Basil  the  Great,  whose  fathers  were  Christians  for 
generations,  who  died  in  379,  was  baptized  in  his 
twenty-eighth  year.  Jerome,  the  first  Hebrew 
and  Greek  scholar  among  Christians  in  tin;  fourth 
century,  who  was  born  of  believing  parents  in  331, 
was  not  baptized  till  about  360.  Theodosius  the 
Great,  after  proving  himself  a  valiant  warrior, 
was  baptized,  though  he  had  Christian  parents,  as 
Sozomen  relates. 

The  baptism  of  the  fourth  century  required  can 
didates  to  profess  faith  in  Jesus,  as  we  learn  from 
Ambrose  in  his  "  .De  Sacrament  is.''1  "  Thou  wast 
asked,"  says  he,  addressing  candidates,  "'Dost 
thou  believe  in  God,  the  omnipotent  Father?'  and 
thoa  saidst,  '  I  believe,'  and  thou  was  immersed, 
that  is,  thou  wast  buried.  Again  thou  was  asked, 
'  Dost  thou  believe  in  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and  in 
his  cross  ?'  And  thou  saidst,  '  I  believe' ;  and  thou 
was  immersed,  and  therefore  thou  wast  buried  with 
Christ.  ...  A  third  time  thou  wast  asked,  'Dost 
thou  believe  in  the  Holy  Spirit?'  And  thou  saidst, 
;  I  believe'  ;  and  a  third  time  thou  wast  immersed." 
(Patrol.  Lat.,  vol.  xvi.  p.  448.  Migne.  Parisiis.) 
This  faith  was  the  general  demand  at  the  baptisms 
of  the  fourth  century  throughout  Christendom. 
Masses  of  men  whose  parents  were  Christians,  and 
who  attended  churches  and  loved  Christ,  had  never 
been  baptized  either  in  childhood  or  in  later  years. 
They  were  waiting  for  baptism  till  the  approach  of 


IXFA  XT  BA  1'TI 


580 


IXFA  XT  BAPTISM 


<loath,  that  its  waters  might  give  full  cleansing 
from  sin  and  a  perfect  fitness  for  heaven. 

The  clergy  of  the  fourth  century  were  continually 
appealing  to  the  regular  members  of  their  congre 
gations  to  be  baptized,  throngs  of  whom  had  never 
received  the  rite  ;  and  in  times  of  threatened  war 
or  pestilence  multitudes  hastened  to  baptism  and 
the  ministers  could  with  difficulty  immerse  them. 
"  Infant  baptism,"  says  Neander.  "  though  acknowl 
edged  to  be  necessary,  entered  ,w  rarely  and  ivith  so 
nnii-li  dijficulty  into  the  church  life,  during  the  first 
part  of  this  period."  (Church  History,  ii.  319. 
Boston.)  The  cases  of  infant  baptism  in  the  fourth 
century,  outside  of  North  Africa,  are  scarcely 
worthy  of  being  named.  And  in  that  Roman  col 
ony  the  earnest  appeals  and  arguments  of  Augus 
tine  show  that  its  strength  was  not  great.  Dean 
Stanley  only  claims  that  "  after  t/t< 'fifth  century  the 
whole  Christian  world  .  .  .  have  baptized  chil 
dren.7'  (Nineteenth  Century,  p.  39,  October,  1S79.) 
It  is  perhaps  true  that  in  all  parts  of  Christendom 
some  persons  immersed  children  after  the  fifth  cen 
tury  had  entirely  passed,  but  if  the  dean  intends  to 
state  that  the  unconscious  infants  of  Christians 
everywhere  were  baptized,  his  declaration  is  in 
capable  of  proof  though  the  piercing  eye  of  an 
archangel  sought  the  evidence. 

Infant  Baptism,  Unfit  Supports  of. — As  Bap 
tists  view  the  bases  upon  which  its  friends  place 
infant  baptism,  they  seem  wholly  inadequate  to 
sustain  it. 

Among  the  oldest  of  these  is  the  assumption  that 
baptism  has  come  in  the  place  of  circumcision. 
Augustine  of  Hippo  uses  this  argument  as  if  it 
were  infallible;  and  it  is  employed  to-day  with  the 
same  childlike  confidence  which  marked  the  great 
African  bishop  when  he  framed  it.  But  what 
Scripture  confirms  the  statement?  By  implication 
or  declaration  the  assertion  has  no  more  support  in 
the  New  Testament  than  the  claims  of  Leo  XIII. 
to  be  the  successor  of  Peter  as  the  supposed  prince 
of  the  apostles.  If  baptism  took  the  place  of  cir 
cumcision,  no  man  should  have  both  rites.  But 
Christ  received  both  ;  so  did  the  thousands  of  Pen 
tecostal  converts;  so  did  Paul,  the  greatest  of  all 
the  apostles.  There  is  then  no  connection  between 
the  two  ordinances.  Dr.  Halley,  a  distinguished 
English  Congregationalist,  in  his  celebrated  work 
in  defense  of  infant  baptism,  says,  "  The  general 
opinion  that  baptism  is  substituted  for  circumcision, 
as  a  kind  of  hereditary  seal  of  the  covenant  of 
grace,  appears  to  be  ill-sustained  by  Scriptural  evi 
dence,  and  to  be  exposed  to  some  very  serious,  if 
not  absolutely  fatal,  objections.''  (The  Sacra 
ments,  p.  34.  London,  1855.) 

Another  argument  to  sustain  the  infant  rite  is 
taken  from  Matthew's  gospel,  xix.  13,  14,  15  : 
''  Then  were  there  brought  unto  him  little  chil 


dren,  that  he  should  put  his  hands  on  them  and 
pray  ;  and  the  disciples  rebuked  them.  But  Jesus 
said.  '  .Suffer  little  children,  and  forbid  them  riot,  to 
come  unto  me :  for  of  such  is  the  kingdom  of 
heaven.'  "  This  passage  is  regarded  by  many  as 
absolutely  proving  that  infant  baptism  is  invested 
with  the  sanction  of  Jesus.  From  it  we  learn  that 
the  apostles  knew  nothing  of  the  baptism  of  children, 
for  they  would  not  let  them  approach  Jesus  till  he 
commanded  them  to  permit  them  to  come  ;  and,  as 
baptism  had  been  in  existence  for  some  time,  it  is 
quite  clear  infants  had  no  part  in  the  baptismal 
ordinance.  Besides,  they  were  only  brought  to  him 
that  he  might  "  put  his  hands  on  them  and  pray," 
and  it  is  said  that  "  he  laid  his  hands  on  them  ;" 
but  he  did  not  baptize  them.  The  words  "  of  such 
is  the  kingdom  of  heaven"  do  not  mean  that  of 
children  is  the  kingdom  of  heaven.  If  the  Saviour 
had  said  of  the  little  children,  "  of  them  is  the 
kingdom  of  heaven,"  then  no  adult  could  have  en 
tered  Christ's  gospel  kingdom  of  love.  Jerome,  in 
the  fourth  century,  commenting  on  these  words,  in 
his  Latin  vulgate,  observes,  "Jesus  said  of  such, 
not  of  them,  to  show  that  not  age  but  morals  should 
rule,  and  that  to  those  who  had  similar  innocence 
and  simplicity  a  reward  was  promised."  This  is 
the  Saviour's  meaning,  given  by  the  famous  monk 
of  Palestine.  This  transaction  has  nothing  in  favor 
of  infant  baptism,  and  something  against  it. 

In  1  Cor.  vii.  12,  13,  14,  Paul  recommends  a 
Christian  not  to  put  away  an  unbelieving  husband 
or  wife  if  the  unbeliever  will  stay.  Now  the  un 
believer  might  be  a  Pharisee  or  an  idolater,  and  he 
adds,  "For  the  unbelieving  husband  is  sanctified 
by  the  wife,  and  the  unbelieving  wife  is  sanctified 
by  the  husband,  else  were  children  unclean  ;  but 
now  are  they  holy."  The  holiness  spoken  of  here 
is  not  sanctification  of  the  heart,  but  the  legality 
of  the  wedded  relations.  The  idolatrous  companion 
or  the  unbelieving  partner  can  be  sanctified  in  no 
other  way.  Peter  says,  "  Ye  know  that  it  is  an 
unlawful  thing  for  a  man  that  is  a  Jew  to  keep 
company,  or  come  unto  one  of  another  nation. "- 
Acts  x.  28.  Paul  tells  these  converted  Israelites 
that  they  shall  not  forsake  their  Christ-rejecting 
partners,  that  their  relations  are  proper,  and  their 
children  legitimate.  Because  the  children  are  said 
to  be  holy,  it  is  argued  that  they  should  be  baptized. 
For  the  same  reason  the  ungodly  idolatress  or  Jew 
ess,  the  idolater  or  scornful  Pharisee,  should  be  bap 
tized,  for  the  adjective  that  describes  the  children 
«.s>  holy  is  from  tlie  verb  that  sanctifies  the  unbe- 
lieviiuj  husband  and  wife.  The  apostle  is  not  treat 
ing  of  baptism,  but  of  the  sacredness  of  wedded  re 
lations  and  the  legitimacy  of  children  ;  and  infant 
or  unbelieving  adult  baptism  can  obtain  no  aid 
here. 

The  household  baptisms    furnish  another  argu- 


INFANT  SALVATION 


581 


INGELS 


ment  for  infant  baptism.  "  There  must  have  been  in 
fants  in  them,"  it  is  said,  "  and  they  must  have  been 
baptized,  and  therefore  the  children  of  all  believers 
should  be  baptized."  There  is  not  a  tittle  of  evidence 
that  there  was  an  infant  in  one  of  the  households. 
Dr.  J.  II.  Borum,  of  Dyersburg,  Tenn.,  has  bap 
tized  forty-six  households  in  his  ministry,  and  there 
was  not  an  infant  in  one  of  them.  And  until  it  is 
proved  that  there  were  infants  in  these  households, 
and  that  they  were  immersed,  infant  baptism  rests 
upon  a  supposition, — a  mere  conceit,  not  worth  the 
one-hundredth  part  of  the  chaflfy  covering  of  a  corn 
of  wheat.  (See  article  on  THE  SCRIPTURAL  SUB 
JECTS  OF  BAPTISM.) 

Infant  Salvation.— The  following  is  from  a 
tract  entitled  "Infant  Salvation,  Dedication,  and 
Baptism,"  issued  by  the  American  Baptist  Publi 
cation  Society  :  "  Are  not  infants,  dying  in  infancy, 
saved?  Certainly.  Of  a  child  which  was  the  fruit 
of  sin,  David  says,  '  I  shall  go  to  him,  but  he  shall 
not  return  to  me.'  2  Sam.  xii.  23.  We  have  no 
reason  to  suppose  that  God  will  consign  to  hell  in 
fants  who  have  never  known  good  from  evil.  There 
is  no  controversy  between  Baptists  and  evangelical 
Pedobaptists  on  this  point."  If  any  statement 
could  be  regarded  as  authoritative  for  the  whole 
Baptist  denomination,  this  declaration  might  be 
received  in  that  character.  It  comes  from  our 
great  Baptist  tract  and  book  society,  which  is  gov 
erned  by  the  Baptists  of  America. 

The  doctrine  of  the  quotation  is  held  by  all  Bap 
tists  everywhere.  Every  child  that  dies  before  it 
knows  "right  from  wrong,"  in  any  country  under 
heaven,  enters  the  regions  of  the  blessed. 

Ingalls,  Mrs.  M.  B.,  the  second  wife  of  Rev. 
L.  Ingalls,  of  the  Arracan  Mission,  was  born  in 
Greenville,  X.  Y.,  Nov.  25,  1828.  She  was  married 
in  December,  1850,  and  sailed  for  the  field  of  her 
labor  July  10,  1851.  Mr.  Ingalls  was  transferred 
in  1854  to  the  Burmese  department  of  the  Rangoon 
Mission,  where  Mrs.  Ingalls  was  his  co-laborer 
until  he  died,  March  14,  1856,  after  a  faithful  ser 
vice  of  twenty-one  years.  Mrs.  Ingalls  superin 
tended  his  schools  for  the  education  of  Burmese 
girls,  in  1857,  and  on  one  occasion,  early  in  the 
year,  made  a  tour  of  twenty-three  days  into  the 
jungle  in  company  with  some  of  the  native  disci 
ples,  and  found  everywhere  eager  listeners.  In 
April  of  this  year  she  returned  to  America,  remain 
ing  here  until  re-embarking  for  the  scene  of  her 
former  labors,  Nov.  26,  1858,  where  she  met  a  cor 
dial  welcome  on  her  arrival  in  Rangoon  from  the 
missionaries  and  native  converts.  She  took  up  her 
abode  in  the  midst  of  a  Burmese  population,  two 
miles  north  of  the  Kemendine  Karen  Mission,  in  a 
place  called  Zay-Ghee.  In  this  place  and  at  Thong- 
zai  her  labors  were  greatly  blessed.  She  removed 
to  Thongzai  in  the  latter  part  of  1860,  from  which 


place  she  wrote  home  a  letter,  soon  after  her  settle 
ment,  full  of  hope  and  good  cheer.     The  most  re 
markable  success  followed  her  labors, — a  success  in 
some  respects  unprecedented  in  the  history  of  the 
Burmese  Missions.    One  cannot  but  admire  the  good 
common-sense  sort  of  way  in   which  Mrs.  Ingalls 
did,  and  always  has  done,  her  work.     She  wrote  of 
herself,  in  1864:  "  It  is  not  a  day  of  romance  with 
me,  but  a  day  when  my  strength  and  trust  in  God 
must  be  tested."     The  trial    came   in  one  of  the 
severest  forms,  in  July,  1864,  when  the  new  and 
beautiful  chapel  was  destroyed  by  fire.     Mrs.  In 
galls  lost  nearly  all  her  personal  effects,  and  among 
them   various  manuscripts   which  probably   could 
never  be  replaced.     The  effect  of  this  loss,  in  addi 
tion  to  the  weight  of  the  burdens  she  had  so  long 
carried,  so  prostrated  her  health  that  she  returned 
to    this    country    in    1865,    remaining    here    until 
the  fall  of  1868,  awakening  a  deep  interest  in  the 
churches  she  visited  in  the  cause  of  missions.     On 
her   return   she  found  a  new  chapel   nearly  com 
pleted,  and  the  church  ready  to  give  her  a  cordial 
welcome,  and  for  several  years  the  work  went  on 
hopefully  and  successfully,  until  the  night  of  the 
12th  of  March,  1876,  when  the  torch  of  the  incen 
diary  was  applied  to  the  mission  compound,  and 
again  nearly  everything  was  destroyed  except  the 
chapel.     But  amid  all    these   sorrows  there  were 
joys;  so  that  of  the  year  1876  it  could  be  said,  "it 
was  a  year  of  troubles  and  a  year  of  blessings." 
The  last  published  report  of  the  Executive  Commit 
tee  says  that,  "so  far  as  outward   circumstances 
are  concerned,  the  mission  under  the  charge  of  Mrs. 
Ingalls  is  in  better  condition  than  ever,  and  that 
the  prospects  of  usefulness  are  as  great  as  ever." 

Ingels,  Deacon  George,  was  born  in  White 
Marsh  Township,  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  Feb.  26, 
1746.  When  sixteen  years  of  age  he  came  to  Phil 
adelphia,  and  soon  after  the  Holy  Spirit  made  him 
the  subject  of  serious  religious  impressions.  In 
October,  1767,  he  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  his  adopted  city. 
Five  years  after  his  baptism  he  was  chosen  a  dea- 
:on  by  the  church,  and  for  fifty-five  years  he  served 
the  church  in  that  honorable  office. 

He  was  a  patriot  full  of  self-sacrifice  in  Revolu 
tionary  times,  and  by  his  courage  in  the  battle 
field,  and  in  the  camp  in  the  coldest  of  winters,  he 
earned  the  character  of  a  brave  soldier  and  an  un 
murmuring  sufferer.  In  civil  life  he  was  elected  to 
various  responsible  offices  by  his  fellow-citizens, 
ind  both  the  State  and  general  government  enlisted 
:iis  services. 

He  was  perhaps  the  most  active  man  in  Phila 
delphia  in  ministering  to  the  victims  of  yellow 
"ever  in  1797.  His  efforts  were  unwearied,  and 
brought  comfort  to  the  homes  of  suffering  thou 
sands  in  that  visitation  of  terror  and  death. 


INGERSOLL 


582 


INTERCESSOR 


Mr.  Ingcls  had  a  strong  faith  in  the  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  and  a  heart  full  of  generous  aifee- 
tions  ;  and  among  the  laymen  connected  with  the 
"  mother-church1'  of  Philadelphia,  in  her  long  and 
honored  history,  no  one  rendered  more  ellicient  ser 
vice  to  the  Redeemer's  cause  than  Deacon  Ingels. 
lie  died  in  his  eighty-first  year,  enjoying  the  con 
fidence  and  love  of  the  people  of  Philadelphia. 

Ingersoll,  Hon.  George,  of  Marshall,  Mich., 

was  born  in  Victor,  Ontario  Co.,  X.  Y.,  Fell.  ;>, 
LSI1.).  He  became  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church 
in  1X42,  and  has  been  a  chief  pillar  of  the  church 
ever  since,  lie  has  been  superintendent  of  the 
Sunday-school  fifteen  years.  He  has  also  been 
president  of  the  board  of  education  of  the  city  for 
fifteen  years,  and  is  now  judge  of  probate  for  Cal- 
houn  County. 

Ingham,  Richard,  D.D.,  author  of  the  "Hand 
book  on  Christian  Baptism,"  and  "  Christian  Bap 
tism,  its  Subjects  and  Mode."  was  born  at  Halifax, 
Yorkshire,  England,  in  1810.  He  was  baptized 
Nov.  20,  182'.),  and  received  authority  to  preach 
from  the  General  .Baptist  church  at  Slack,  York 
shire,  in  183o.  Relinquishing  his  business  some 
time  after,  he  studied  for  the  ministry  under  the 
Lev.  J.  Jarrow,  of  Wisbeach,  and  was  ordained 
pastor  at  Bradford  in  LS3(J.  He  spent  the  years  of 
his  ministry  in  Louth.  Halifax,  Yale,  and  Bradford, 
and  died  June  1,  1S7M.  Asa  preacher  he  was  highly 
esteemed,  and  his  labors  as  a  student  were  untiring 
and  successful.  His  "Hand-book"  is  allowed  to 
be  a  work  of  great  value,  carefully  and  thoroughly 
executed. 

Inman,  Rev.  G.,  a  native  of  Sumner  Co.,  Tenn., 
was  born  in  LS36 ;  educated  at  Union  University, 
Murfreesborough,  Tenn.  ;  ordained  by  the  Hills- 
borough  Baptist  church  in  Washington  Co.,  Ky., 
where  he  began  his  ministry  in  18f>8;  labored  as 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  churches  of  Clarksville  and 
Spring  Creek,  Montgomery  Co.,  Ky.,  five  years,  of 
the  Central  Baptist  church,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  five 
years,  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Peeatur,  111.,  three 
years,  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Fox  Lake,  his  pres 
ent  field  of  labor,  two  years.  His  ministry  has 
been  fruitful  in  results.  He  has  baptized  about 
500  persons  into  the  fellowship  of  the  churches  of 
which  he  has  been  pastor.  He  is  a  very  active 
and  able  worker  in  the  temperance  cause.  In  his 
native  State  lie  held  a  leading  position  in  the  ranks 
of  temperance  reformers,  and  no  great  temperance 
assembly  was  considered  complete  without  his  pres 
ence.  By  his  pen  and  voice  he  has  furnished  to 
this  important  reform  some  of  its  most  effective 
weapons.  His  own  pulpit  is  always  a  stronghold 
of  total  abstinence,  and  from  it  are  struck  heavy 
blows  against  the  sin  of  drunkenness  and  drunkard- 
making. 

Installation  in  recent  years  has  become  gen 


eral  in  large  cities  when  an  ordained  minister 
enters  upon  a  new  field.  The  pastor  and  his  people 
on  such  occasions  commonly  hear  a  sermon  from 
some  brother  in  the  ministry,  the  hand  of  fellow 
ship  is  given  to  the  stranger,  and  a  charge:  a 
charge  is  also  delivered  to  the  church.  The  object 
of  the  service  is  to  give  a  welcome  to  the  pastor, 
and  to  stir  up  him  and  his  people  to  appreciate  the 
weighty  responsibilities  that  rest  upon  them. 

Intercessor,  The. — A  belief  in  intercessors  is 
universal  among  the  adherents  of  every  false  re 
ligion.  Heathenism  abounds  in  such  mediators. 
Mohammed  is  supposed  to  intercede  for  all  true 
Moslems.  Tertullian  expresses  the  conviction  that 
Satan  has  something  to  imitate  every  institution  of 
God.  This  observation  is  eminently  true  of  inter 
cession.  Romanism  has  an  intercessor  in  every 
canonized  saint. 

The  Jewish  high  priest,  by  divine  appointment 
interceded  in  the  holy  of  holies  for  his  nation.  And 
God  cannot  be  approached  acceptably  now,  except 
through  Christ  the  great  intercessor,  of  whom  the 
chief  of  the  Jewish  priesthood  was  an  humble  type. 
"  For  there  is  one  God,  and  one  Mediator  between 
God  and  men,  the  man  Christ  Jesus." — 1  Tim.  ii.  5. 
"  My  little  children,  these  things  write  I  unto  you, 
that  you  sin  not ;  and  if  any  man  sin,  we  have  an 
advocate  with  the  Father,  Jesus  Christ  the  right 
eous." — 1  John  ii.  1.  "  Jesus  saith  unto  him,  I  am 
the  way,  the  truth,  and  the  life  ;  no  man  cometh 
unto  the  Father  but  by  me." — John  xiv.  G.  God 
has  appointed  but  one  intercessor ;  every  other 
claimant  to  that  oflice  is  a  sacrilegious  impostor  ; 
and  the  fact  that  Jehovah  ordained  Christ  as  an 
advocate  for  all  who  ventured  to  approach  him  is 
infallible  evidence  that  the  purest  arid  the  foulest 
of  our  race,  in  their  approaches  to  the  eternal 
throne,  need  the  all-prevailing  Mediator. 

Our  intercessor  bases  his  pleadings  for  us  upon 
his  expiatory  sacrifice.  When  the  high  priest  of 
Israel  entered  the  holy  of  holies  to  plead  for  the 
Jews,  he  first  sprinkled  the  mercy-seat  with  blood 
and  then  presented  his  supplications.  Paul  says, 
"  Which  hope  we  have  as  an  anchor  of  the  soul, 
both  sure  and  steadfast,  and  which  entereth  into 
that  within  the  veil  (the  holy  of  holies)  ;  whither 
the  forerunner  is  for  us  entered,  even  Jesus,  made 
a  high  priest  forever  after  the  order  of  Melchise- 
dec."—  Heb.  vi.  19.  20.  Christ  enters  into  the  holy 
of  holies  in  paradise  with  his  own  blood,  and,  as 
the  high  priest  of  the  whole  elect  family,  he  pleads 
its  merits  for  them  all. 

He  observes  every  supplicant  who  seeks  his  inter 
cessions.  His  honored  mother  has  no  more  power 
to  see  or  hear  than  any  other  glorified  believer, 
and,  consequently,  is  totally  unfitted  to  be  an  in 
tercessor.  But,  "  being  in  the  form  of  God,  and 
thinking  it  no  robbery  to  be  equal  with  God,"  he 


IOWA 


583 


sees  every  petitioner  at  his  throne,  and  lie  observes 
the  prayerful  desires  of  his  heart  before  he  clothes 
them  in  words. 

He  is  unwearied  in  his  intercessions.  "  lie  ever 
liveth  to  make  intercession  for  us."  Men  die,  and 
empires  perish,  and  night  hides  the  glory  of  the 
day,  but  the  pleadings  of  our  advocate  are  contin 
ually  poured  out  in  the  ear  of  Deity  ;  nor  will  they 
cease  till  the  last  gift  needed  by  the  last  believer 
on  earth  has  given  him  perfect  preparation  for 
heaven. 

He  is  a  tender-hearted  intercessor.  "  Wherefore 
in  all  things  it  behooved  him  to  be  made  like  unto 
his  brethren,  that  he  might  be  a  merciful  and  faith 
ful  high  priest." — Ileb.  ii.  17.  The  fountain  of 
compassionate  love,  from  which  all  the  affection  of 
angels  and  men  has  streamed  forth,  is  in  his  heart ; 
and  it  exercises  a  boundless  influence  over  his  move 
ments. 

lie  will  plead  for  any  penitent  who  trusts  his 
name,  and  he  will  seek  every  needful  gift  for  each 
supplicating  child;  and  his  eloquent  advocacy  has 
such  a  power  on  high  that  the  Father  always  hears 
him,  and  the  trusting  one  who  commits  his  case  to 
him  is  invariably  successful. 

Iowa  Baptists,  History  of.— There  were  some 
Baptists  among  the  earliest  settlers  of  Iowa.  In 
succeeding  years,  as  the  tide  of  emigration  flowed 
into  the  territory,  Baptists  were  fairly  represented. 
The  fullest  and  most  reliable  account  of  Iowa  Bap 
tists  in  their  earlier  history  is  found  in  a  paper 
carefully  prepared  by  Rev.  J.  F.  Childs  some  years 
ago,  entitled  "The  History  of  the  Rise  and  Prog 
ress  of  Iowa  Baptists."  This  history  is  still  un 
published,  but,  through  the  kindness  of  the  author, 
it  contributes  largely  to  the  facts  of  this  sketch. 
The  Danville,  or,  as  originally  called,  the  Long 
Creek,  church,  was  the  first  Baptist  church  in 
Iowa.  Brother  and  Sister  Manly  came  from  Ken 
tucky,  bringing  with  them  the  Articles  of  Faith 
adopted  by  the  Bush  Creek  Baptist  church,  Green 
Co.,  Ky.  They  settled  within  six  miles  of  Dan 
ville,  where  they  continued  to  reside.  Together 
with  a  few  Baptists  from  Illinois,  they  organized  a 
church,  and  invited  Elders  John  Logan  and  Gard 
ner  Bartlett,  of  Illinois,  to  preach  for  them.  Elder 
Logan  preached  in  a  log  cabin  the  evening  of  Oct. 
19.  1834,  probably  the  first  sermon  by  an  evangel 
ical  minister  in  this  part  of  the  Territory.  The 
next  day  the  church  Avas  constituted  and  named 
"The  Regular  Baptist  Church  at  Long  Creek." 

In  1S3S  another  church  was  organized,  about 
six  miles  southwest  of  Burlington,  through  the 
labors  of  Elders  James  and  Moses  Lemon  and 
Clark,  from  Illinois.  It  was  called  "  The  Bap 
tist  Church  of  Christ,  Friend  to  Humanity,  at 
Rock  Spring,  Iowa."  The  Union  and  Pisgah 
churches  were  organized  in  1839.  In  1839  three 


churches,  Long  Creek,  Union,  and  Pisgah,  were 
organized  into  an  Association,  the  first  Baptist  As 
sociation  in  the  Territory.  The  meeting  was  held 
in  a  grove,  west  of  what  is  now  Danville  Centre. 
The  membership  of  the  three  churches  was  less 
than  90,  and  the  number  of  delegates  in  attend 
ance  was  10.  The  organization  was  effected  and 
the  entire  business  of  the  meeting  transacted  while 
9  of  the  delegates  were  seated  in  a  row  on  a  log 
and  the  moderator  standing  before  them,  supported 
by  the  back  of  a  chair.  The  body  was  called  "  The 
Iowa  Baptist  Association."  In  1843,  after  the  or 
ganization  of  the  Davenport  Association,  its  name 
was  changed  to  the  "  Des  Moines  Association." 

The  Baptists  of  Iowa  went  on  gaining  from  year  to 
year.  Their  strength  and  efficiency  were  increased 
by  accessions  to  the  ministry  of  able  and  earnest  men, 
many  of  whom  came  under  the  appointment  of  the 
American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society,  by  the 
constant  tide  of  emigration  from  the  older  States 
bringing  in  many  faithful  Baptists,  and  by  the 
conversion  of  souls.  New  fields  of  Christian  labor 
were  occupied,  churches  were  multiplied,  a  general 
organization  for  missionary  work  was  formed,  ad 
ditional  Associations  were  established,  the  Sunday- 
school  enterprise  was  pressed  forward,  means  were 
proposed  and  devised  for  the  advantages  of  higher 
education,  and  institutions  of  learning  were  founded. 
Baptist  churches  are  found  in  most  of  the  prin 
cipal  cities  and  towns  of  the  State.  There  are  now 
in  Iowa  24  Baptist  Associations,  410  churches, 
having  a  membership  of  24,700;  over  1000  were 
added  to  these  churches  by  baptism  during  the  year 
1879-80.  They  have  about  250  Sunday-schools, 
with  20,000  pupils,  and  are  well  represented  nu 
merically  in  their  institutions  of  learning  now  at 
work.  The  Baptist  ministry  of  Iowa  has  many 
men  of  sterling  worth.  Not  a  few  of  them  have 
supported  their  families  in  part  or  altogether  by 
the  labor  of  their  own  hands  while  preaching  the 
gospel  to  others.  Iowa  Baptists  have  been,  and 
they  still  are,  represented  in  the  civil  and  educa 
tional  interests  of  the  State  and  nation,  holding 
places  of  prominence  and  trust  in  halls  of  legisla 
tion,  in  executive  and  judicial  positions,  and  among 
professional  men.  Iowa  Baptists  have  contributed 
some  noble  men  and  women  for  the  work  of  foreign 
missions,  and  for  missionary  toils  in  the  dark  places 
of  our  own  land.  Among  the  biographical  sketches 
of  this  work  will  be  found  the  names  of  a  few  men 
who  are  now  living  in  the  State  or  are  sleeping  in 
its  soil.  These  by  no  means  exhaust  the  list  of 
men  worthy  of  special  notice,  but  may  be  accepted 
as  representatives  of  the  different  classes  whose 
lives  and  labors  occupy  an  important  place  in 
Iowa  Baptist  history. 

Iowa  Baptists  have  a  future  which  has  the  prom 
ise  of  marked  advancement  and  blessed  results  to 


TO  WA 


5S4 


10  \\'A 


those  interests  of  Christ's  kingdom  committed  to 
their  trust. 

Iowa,  Baptist  Centennial  Academy  of,  is 
located  in  Malvern,  Mills  Co.,  Southwestern  Iowa. 
The  enterprise  was  begun  mainly  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Roe, 
pastor  ut  Malvern,  in  INTO.  The  expense;  of  build- 
in  •$  was  borne  almost  wholly  by  the  church.  The 
subscriptions  taken  by  Mr.  Roe  amounted  to  $8000, 
but  he  died  before  the  edifice  was  begun.  It  was 
erected  in  1877-78,  during  the  pastorate  of  his 
successor,  the  Rev.  0.  T.  Conger,  the  name  of  Mr. 
Roe  being  chiseled  in  the  corner-stone.  The  build 
ing  is  a  beautiful  structure,  and  cost,  as  it  now 
stands,  about  §12,000.  The  first  and  only  princi 
pal  the  school  has  had  thus  far  is  R.  M.  Bridges, 
A.M.,  a  man  of  scholarly  attainments. 

Iowa  Baptist  State  Convention.— "  In  re 
sponse  to  a  call  of  the  Des  Moines  Association,  a 
Convention  of  brethren  fr.om  the  Baptist  churches 
in  Iowa  Territory  was  held  in  Iowa  City,  June 
3-4,  1S42,  to  consider  the  expediency  of  forming  a 
Territorial  Association  for  missionary  purposes.'' 
Twenty-five  delegates  were  present.  Some  had 
walked  seventy-five  miles.  Three  of  these  dele 
gates,  C.  E.  Brown.  William  Elliott,  and  M.  W. 
Rudd,  are  still  living  and  in  Iowa.  B.  Carpenter 
was  made  president,  and  W.  B.  Morev  secretary,  of 
"  The  Iowa  Baptist  General  Association."  In  1851 
the  name  was  changed  to  "  Iowa  Baptist  State 
Convention."  The  constitution  then  adopted  said, 
"  The  object  of  this  Association  shall  be  to  promote 
the  preaching  of  the  gospel,  ministerial  education, 
and  all  the  general  objects  of  benevolence  through 
out  this  Territory."  Though  the  name  of  the  or 
ganization  has  been  changed,  the  declared  object 
has  remained  the  same. 

At  the  time  of  this  organization  there  were  about 
380  Baptists  in  the  Territory,  and  not  more  than  15 
Baptist  churches,  while  Iowa  then  had  a  population 
of  about  52,000.  For  the  first  fourteen  years  of  its 
history  this  Association  was  little  more  than  an 
agent  for  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society,  to  advise  and  assist  that  society  in  its 
work.  In  1854  and  1855  the  Convention  at 
tempted  some  direct  labors  in  behalf  of  the  German 
population.  In  1856  the  Rev.  I.  M.  Seay  received 
the  first  commission  ever  issued  by  this  body.  Dur 
ing  the  same  year  two  other  missionaries  were  sent 
forth,  and  the  Convention  entered  heartily  upon  its 
declared  work.  During  1857  twenty-five  mission 
aries  were  appointed,  and  Rev.  J.  Y.  Aitchison  was 
chosen  agent.  From  1858  to  1861,  Rev.  D.  P. 
Smith  labored  in  the  interest  of  the  Convention  as 
financial  agent,  and  a  band  of  earnest-working 
missionaries  were  kept  on  the  field.  "  In  1863, 
Rev.  S.  II.  Mitchell  became  missionary  agent,  and 
labored  till  the  fall  of  1869.  Other  men  have  toiled 
in  the  general  agency  and  missionary  work  of  the 


Convention  for  shorter  periods  and  rendered  good 
service,  while  during  all  these  years  a  number  of 
noble,  earnest-hearted  men  have  been  laboring  as 
missionaries  in  the  destitute  and  remote  parts  of 
the  State.  Among  the  secretaries  have  been  Rev.  T. 
S.  Griffith,  Rev.  J.  F.  Childs,  and  Rev.  T.  F.  Thick- 
stun.  Rev.  J.  Sunderland,  the  present  mission 
ary  secretary  and  general  missionary,  in  a  recent  cir 
cular  says.  "  The  Home  Mission  Society  has  aided 
missionaries  in  Iowa  for  forty-one  years,  issuing 
about  600  commissions.  Besides  all  the  churches 
organized,  houses  of  worship  built,  Sunday-schools 
established,  and  souls  saved,  more  than  5000  per 
sons  have  been  baptized  into  our  churches  in  this 
State  by  its  missionaries.  Its  work  has  equaled  the 
labor  of  one  man  for  four  hundred  and  forty-two 
years,  or  an  average  of  eleven  missionaries  constantly 
at  work  for  the  forty-one  years.  It  has  expended 
in  this  State  8115,000.  The  State  Convention  has 
aided  missionaries  for  the  last  twenty-five  years, 
issuing  386  commissions.  Its  missionaries  have 
baptized  3029  persons,  organized  69  churches,  and 
aided  in  building  66  meeting-houses.  Their  work 
equals  the  labor  of  one  man  for  two  hundred  and 
sixty-one  years,  or  an  average  of  eleven  men  for  the 
twenty-five  years.  There  has  been  raised  and  ex 
pended  in  this  work  $65,300.  In  the  whole  work 
of  Baptist  missions  in  Iowa  there  has  been  ex 
pended  $180.000. 

The  Convention  is  now  prosecuting  its  missions 
in  co-operation  with  the  Home  Mission  Society, — 
holding  the  control  of  the  work  in  its  own  hands 
with  such  guarantees  of  assistance  from  the  Home 
Mission  Society  as  enabled  the  Convention  to  ex 
tend  it  and  increase  its  efficiency.  There  are  at 
present  thirty  missionaries  under  appointment,  in 
cluding  one  Scandinavian  and  one  German.  There 
is  a  growing  interest  in  this  work,  and  a  very  deep 
conviction  of  the  responsibility  and  promise  of  the 
present  and  future. 

The  Convention  has  its  Sunday-school  depart 
ment  and  Sunday-school  secretary.  Formerly  there 
was  an  organization  called  i4  The  Iowa  Baptist 
Sunday-School  Union,"  formed  in  1867,  and  hav 
ing  for  its  object  "To  promote  the  interests  of 
Baptist  Sunday-Schools  in  Iowa."  This  continued 
till  1878,  and  did  good  service.  Now  the  Sunday- 
school  work  is  a  department  of  the  Convention.  It 
is  put  in  the  hands  of  a  committee  of  five,  known 
as  "  the  Sunday-School  Committee  co-operating 
with  the  American  Baptist  Publication  Society." 
The  plan  includes  the  employment  of  a  Sunday- 
school  missionary,  "  to  do  a  general  pioneer  mis 
sionary  work  in  destitute  fields,  by  establishing 
Sunday-schools,  organizing  churches,  holding  meet 
ings  with  feeble  churches,  holding  Sunday-school 
institutes,"  etc.  In  the  Baptist  churches  of  Iowa 
there  are  about  250  Sunday-schools,  having  a 


IRELAND 


585 


III  WIN 


membership  of  officers,  teachers,  and  pupils  of 
over  20,000.  A  number  of  the  smaller  churches 
join  union  schools,  and  some  of  the  weaker,  scat- 
tered  churches  have  no  schools.  For  two  years  the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society  and  the  Iowa 
Baptist  State  Convention  have  sustained  a  Sunday- 
school  missionary.  Through  the  efforts  of  these 
missionaries  new  churches  and  schools  have  been 
organized,  and  twelve  Associations  have  formed 
Sunday-school  Conventions.  Other  Associations 
devote  a  part  of  their  time  to  Sunday-school  inter 
ests.  Institutes  have  been  held,  awakening  greater 
enthusiasm  in  the  work.  These  Sunday-school 
missionaries  have  sold  several  hundred  volumes  of 
denominational  works,  besides  giving  away  books, 
Testaments,  and  tracts. 

In  connection  with  their  State  Convention  Iowa 
Baptists  have  "The  Iowa  Union  for  Ministerial 
Education,''  and  "The  Iowa  Baptist  Pastors'  Con- 
fi'i-cnce."  These  assemble  annually  with  the  Con 
vention,  and  also  at  the  quarterly  meetings  of  the 
board.  The  Union  for  Ministerial  Education  was 
organized  in  1867.  Its  object  is  "the  assistance 
'if  young  men  of  Baptist  churches  in  their  educa 
tional  preparation  for  the  gospel  ministry."  The 
union  has  assisted  over  fifty  brethren,  several  of 
whom  care  ordained  pastors. 

The  Pastors'  Conference  was  organized  in  1867. 
Its  object  is  "  the  mutual  improvement  of  its  mem 
bers  in  Biblical  knowledge  and  in  the  duties  con 
nected  with  the  ministry."  Ministers'  institutes 
are  occasionally  held  under  the  guidance  of  this 
Conference. 

Ireland,  Rev.  James,  was  born  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  in  1748.  He  was  brought  up  in  the  Pres 
byterian  Church  of  his  fathers.  His  education  and 
talents  were  respectable.  He  came  to  America 
after  reaching  manhood,  with  pleasing  manners, 
and  without  Christ  in  his  heart.  lie  was  some 
thing  of  a  poet,  and  in  revising  one  of  his  religious 
pieces  he  was  deeply  convicted  of  guilt,  from  which 
faith  in  a  suffering  Saviour  delivered  him.  He  be 
came  eminent  as  a  preacher  soon  after  his  baptism  ; 
his  learning  and  the  tenderness  of  his  manner  pro 
duced  a  powerful  impression  upon  his  hearers,  and 
the  Spirit's  blessing  upon  the  truth  he  proclaimed 
made  him  a  great  enemy  of  Satan's  empire.  He 
formed  several  Baptist  churches  during  his  min 
istry,  which  extended  over  forty  years,  and  his  in 
fluence  in  favor  of  truth  was  very  great. 

This  led  the  Episcopal  clergy  of  Virginia  to  stir 
up  social  and  legal  persecutions  against  him.  He 
was  thrust  into  jail  in  Culpeper  for  preaching 
without  the  authority  of  law  ;  abuse  was  heaped 
upon  him  on  his  way  to  prison  ;  within  its  walls 
an  attempt  was  made  to  blow  him  up  with  gun 
powder,  and  on  its  failure  an  effort  was  put  forth  to 
suffocate  him  by  burning  brimstone  at  the  door  and 
38 


window  of  his  jail.  It  was  also  planned  to  poison 
him.  His  persecutions  permanently  injured  his 
health  ;  two  accidents  completed  the  work  begun 
by  State  church  tyranny,  and  Mr.  Ireland  entered 
upon  his  rest  May  5,  1806. 

Ireland,  Joseph  Alexander,  M.D.,  a  distin 
guished  physician  and  surgeon,  was  born  in  Jeffer 
son  Co.,  Ky.,  Sept.  15,  1824.  At  the  age  of  seven 
teen  he  commenced  studying,  and  graduated  in 
the  Kentucky  School  of  Medicine  in  1851,  and  im 
mediately  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  the 


JOSEPH     ALEXANDER    IRELAND,     M.D. 

city  of  Louisville.  In  1854  he  removed  to  Jeffer 
son  County,  where  he  practised  as  a  physician 
about  ten  years.  In  1848  he  was  set  apart  for  the 
ministry  by  a  Baptist  church,  of  which  he  had  been 
a  member  from  his  youth,  and  preached  statedly 
to  several  churches  in  his  neighborhood.  In  1864 
he  was  elected  Professor  of  Obstetrics  and  Diseases 
of  Women  and  Children  in  the  Kentucky  School 
of  Medicine,  and  afterwards  was  made  a  professor 
in  the  university  at  Louisville.  Since  1875  he  has 
filled  the  chair  of  Diseases  of  Women  and  Children 
in  both  the  Kentucky  School  of  Medicine  and  the 
Louisville  Medical  College. 

Irish  Baptists,     See  ENGLISH  BAPTISTS. 

Irwin,  Rev.  Charles  Mercer,  eldest  son  of 
Maj.  Isaiah  T.  and  Isabella  Irwin,  was  born  in 
AVilkes  Co.,  Ga.,  Nov.  11,  1813.  He  was  converted 
in  early  life,  and  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  Sardis  church  by  Rev.  Enoch  Callaway.  His 
father,  being  wealthy,  gave  him  the  best  educa 
tional  advantages  of  the  day.  Prepared  for  college 


IR  WIN 


58n 


IVEK 


by  Rev.  Otis  Smith   at  Powelton,  ho  went  through 
most  of  the  regular  course  in  the  State  University 
at  Athens,  and  then  studied  law  in  the  University  of 
Virginia.    On  his  return  to  Georgia  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1S34,  married  a  most  amiable  lady,  Miss 
Harriet  K.   Battle,  settled  in  Washington,  Wilkes 
Co.,  and  for  two  years  practised  law  successfully. 
He  then  settled  on  a  plantation  in  Hancock  County. 
There  the  Spirit  of  God  met  him  and  moulded  him 
to  his   own  sacred  purposes.     The  feelings  which 
made   him  say  at  sixteen,  "If,  when   grown,  1  feel 
as  1  do  now,  I  shall   preach,"  constrained   him   to 
consecrate  himself  to  the  Lord  for  life.     lie  entered 
the  ministry  and  was  ordained  at  Powelton.     After 
devoting  several  years  to  missionary  labor  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  State,  he  settled  as  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Madison,  where  he  remained 
eight  years,  developing  preaching  talents  of  a  high 
order,  and  manifesting  remarkable  executive  ability. 
So  successful  were  his  labors  that  his  church  in 
creased  largely,  and  soon  was  regarded  as  a  model. 
His  next  two  pastorates  were  at  Atlanta  and  in  Al 
bany,  Ga.,  in  which  latter  place  he  labored  with  won 
derful  success  for  three  or  four  years.    Broken  down 
in  health,  he  took  a  northern  trip  for  recuperation 
in  I860.     Then  came  sad  years  of  war.     Residing 
on    his    plantation   in    Lee    County,    he   preached 
gratuitously  to  country  churches  until  peace  spread 
her  balmy  wings  over  the   land  once  more.     Al 
though  he  has  been  a  pastor  twice  since  the  war, 
his  health   has  not  been  equal  to  the  demands  of 
the  position,  and  he  has  devoted  most  of  his  time 
for  the  last  ten  years  to  agency  work  in  the  State 
of  Georgia  in  behalf  of  foreign  missions,  for  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention.     In  this  he  has  been 
faithful  and  efficient,     Mr.  Irwin  is  a  man  of  fine 
and   varied   talents,  he  is  modest  as  to   his  own 
merits,  but  a  fluent   speaker.      By   nature   he   is 
strictly  honest,  affectionate,  and   very  devoted  to 
his  family,  two  children  having  blessed  this  union. 
In  disposition,  he  is  pleasant  arid  genial;  in  man 
ners,  courteous    and   obliging.     His    piety  is   un 
doubted,  and  he  has  been  a  successful  pastor  and 
preacher,  and  a  good  business  man.     For  several 
years  he  was  clerk  of  the  State  Convention  ;  has, 
for  a  long  time,  been  a  member  of  the  board  of 
trustees  for  the  Mercer  University.     Few  men  are 
more  generally  beloved  among  the  Georgia  Baptist 
for  their  usefulness  in  the  past,  their  excellence  of 
character  and  qualities  of  sterling  worth. 

Irwin,  Isaiah  Tucker,  a  pious  and  wealthy 
deacon  of  the  Sardis  church,  in  Wilkes  Co.,  Ga. 
who  was  born  in  Amherst,  Va.,  Aug.  15,  1783,  and 
died  in  April,  1856.  His  parents  moved  to  Georgia 
when  he  was  quite  young,  and,  settling  in  Wilkes 
County,  engaged  in  farming,  which  occupation  h 
himself  pursued,  gradually  accumulating  a  larg 
landed  property.  At  nineteen  he  married  Mis, 


sabella    Bankston,    a    woman    in    whom    all     the 
•irtues  of  mind,  heart,  and  person  were  blended, 
uid  who  reached  the  age  of  ninety-one.    Mr.  Irwin 
vas  a  very  popular  and  useful  man.     He  repre- 
•>ented    his   county  in    the   Legislature    for    many 
years,  and  served  in  the  Creek  war,  rising  to  the 
•ank  of  major.     In   1827  the  prayers  of  his  pious 
wife   were   answered,   and   he   was  converted   and 
united  with  the  church  of  which  he  was  afterwards 
an   active,  liberal,  and  useful  member.      He  was 
ordained  a  deacon  soon  after  uniting  with  the  Sar- 
lis  church,  and  filled  the  office  well.     His  house 
was  the  seat  of  a  princely  hospitality,  nor  did  he 
ver  permit  a  minister  who  was  his  guest  to  leave 
without  bestowing  on  him   a  pecuniary  gift.     To 
lis  children  he  gave  the  very  best  educational  fa- 
;ilities  that  the  country  afforded,  and  he  lived  to 
see    them    all    happily   married   and    followers  of 
Jesus.     A  daughter  became  the  wife  of  the  distin 
guished  Baptist  minister,  Rev.  J.  L.  Brookes:  his 
second  son  was  Speaker  of  the  Georgia  House  of 
Representatives  ;    and  his  eldest  son,  Rev,    C.   M. 
Irwin,   a  useful   Baptist   minister,   is   still   living. 
To  his  servants  Mr.  Irwin  was   remarkably  kind 
and  considerate,   providing  liberally  for  their  re 
ligious  instruction.     In  return  they  almost  idolized 
him.    Affectionate  and  warm-hearted  by  nature,  he 
was  the  tender  husband,  the  kind  and  loving  father, 
the  sympathizing  and  generous  neighbor,  and  faith 
ful  Christian.     With  full  barns,  he  never  forgot  the 
poor,  whether  in  the  church  or  out  of  it,  and  at  his 
mills  the  widows'  sacks  were  always  filled,  and  their 
wants  were  supplied  in  many  other  ways.     When 
he  died  gloom  pervaded  the  community,  and  at  his 
funeral  the  poor  exclaimed,  "  We  have  lost  our  best 
friend."     In  person  he  was  tall  and  commanding, 
being  in   that,  as  in  every  other   respect,  one  of 
nature's  noblemen. 

Ives,  Dwight,  D.D.,  son  of  Abraham  and 
Eunice  (Day)  Ivcs,  was  born  in  West  Springfield 
(now  part  of  Ilolyoke),  Mass.,  Sept.  20,  1805: 
pursued  academical  studies  in  New  Ipswich.  X.  II.. 
under  Robert  A.  Coffin  ;  graduated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  class  of  1835,  at  the  age  of  thirty  ;  preached 
for  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Springfield,  Mass., 
where  he  was  ordained ;  settled  with  the  Baptist 
church  in  Alton,  111.,  where  he  won  a  high  repu 
tation,  but  was  compelled  from  ill  health  to  return 
to  the  East ;  settled  with  the  Second  Baptist  church 
in  Suffield,  Conn.,  by  the  side  of  the  Connecticut 
Literary  Institution  ;  guided  in  the  erection  of  a 
beautiful  church  edifice,  and  drew  a  large  congre 
gation  and  built  up  a  strong  church  ;  labored  in 
this  important  field  from  1839  to  1874  with  most 
remarkable  success,  baptizing  more  than  1200  per 
sons,  and  greatly  aiding  the  Connecticut  Literary 
Institution  and  benefiting  the  whole  State  ;  was  a 
leading  man  in  all  ministerial  circles  and  all  edu- 


IVES 


587 


IVES 


cational  and  missionary  affairs  ;  received  the  hon 
orary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  Brown 
University  in  1857;  left  two  sons,  the  elder  of 
which,  William  C.,  graduated  at  Brown  University 


DWIGIIT    IVES,   D.D. 

in  1865;  resigning  in  Suffield  in  1874,  from  age 
and  ill  health,  he  removed  to  Conway,  Mass.,  and 
preached  as  he  was  able  to  the  church  in  that  place  ; 
died  in  Conway,  Dec.  22,  1875,  aged  seventy  years  ; 
one  of  New  England's  noblest  men  and  most  effect 
ive  preachers. 

Ives,  Rev.  Jeremiah,  was  pastor  of  a  General 
Baptist  church  in  London,  England,  for  more  than 
thirty  years.  He  had  a  peculiar  talent  for  discus 
sion,  which  enabled  him  to  use  with  much  readiness 
his  great  intellect  and  his  stores  of  learning.  lie 
had  controversies  with  the  Quakers  and  the  Pres 
byterians,  in  which  he  obtained  considerable  repu 
tation.  Crosby  says  that  his  fame  reached  Charles 
II.,  who  sent  for  him  to  dispute  with  a  Romish 
priest,  Mr.  Ives  entered  upon  the  discussion  in  the 
habit  of  an  Episcopal  clergyman,  and  pressed  the 
priest  very  closely.  He  showed  that  the  '-pre 
tended  antiquity  of  their  doctrines  and  practices 
fell  short  of  the  days  of  the  apostles  ;  for  they 
were  not  to  be  found  in  any  writings  which  remain 
of  the  apostolic  age."  The  priest,  after  much 
wrangling,  in  the  end  replied  "that  this  argument 
was  of  as  much  force  against  infant  baptism  as 
ngainst  the  doctrines  and  ceremonies  of  the  Church 
of  Rome."  To  which  Mr.  Ives  replied  that  he 
readily  granted  what  he  said  to  be  true.  The 
priest  upon  this  broke  up  the  controversy,  saying 


''  he  had  been  cheated,  and  that  he  would  proceed 
no  farther,  for  he  came  to  dispute  with  a  clergyman 
of  the  Established  Church,  and  it  was  now  evident 
that  this  was  an  Anabaptist  preacher."  There  is 
no  community  of  Christians  who  are  entirely  in 
vulnerable  to  the  assaults  of  Rome  except  the  Bap 
tist  denomination,  a  church  ages  older  than  the 
apostasy  of  the  popes. 

Ives,  Moses  Brown,  was  born  in  Providence, 
R.  I.,  July  21,  1794,  and  was  the  son  of  Thomas 
Poynton  and  Hope  Brown  Ives.  His  father  was 
the  senior  partner  of  the  old  and  everywhere  re 
spected  firm  of  Brown  &  Ives,  and  his  mother 
the  sister  of  the  lion.  Nicholas  Brown,  the  gen 
erous  patron  of  the  university  which  bears  his 
name. 

It  was  the  intention  of  his  father  in  due  time  to 
introduce  him  into  the  firm  of  which  he  Avas  a 
member.  Believing,  however,  that  mental  disci 
pline  and  culture  are  not  inconsistent  with  the  call 
ing  of  the  merchant,  he  decided  to  give  him  a  full 
collegiate  education,  lie  graduated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity  in  1812,  and  wishing  to  pursue  his  studies 
still  farther,  he  entered  the  law-school  at  Litchfield, 
Conn.,  which  then  ranked  among  the  best  profes 
sional  schools  of  its  character  in  the  country.  On 
completing  his  course  of  study  here  he  was  still 
comparatively  a  youth,  and  it  was  deemed  wise 
that  he  should  reap  the  benefits  of  foreign  travel, 
especially  in  so  far  as  they  had  a  bearing  on  his 
future  calling  in  life.  "While  abroad,"  says  Dr. 
Wayland,  "  his  object  seems  to  have  been,  not  so 
much  to  see  sights  and  walk  through  galleries,  as 
to  observe  men  and  acquaint  himself  with  the 
habits  and  manners  of  merchants  of  distinction. 
I  have  heard  him  frequently  refer  to  this  period  of 
his  life,  but  I  think  never  for  any  other  purpose 
than  to  illustrate  the  modes  of  doing  business  in 
the  several  capitals  which  he  had  occasion  to 
visit." 

Having  passed  through  the  preparatory  training, 
he  entered  the  counting-room  of  Brown  &  Ives, 
and  at  once  applied  himself  to  the  work  to  which 
he  proposed  to  devote  his  life,  and  he  became,  in  the 
best  sense  of  the  word,  "  a  model  merchant."  His 
opinion  on  all  matters  connected  with  his  profes 
sion  was  received  with  the  highest  respect.  He 
believed  that  there  were  great  principles  which 
were  as  certain  and  undeviating  in  business  as  the 
laws  of  nature,  and  he  rigidly  adhered  to  them. 
But  it  is  not  as  a  successful  merchant  that  we  wish 
to  call  attention  to  Mr.  Ives,  but  to  the  deep  inter 
est  he  took  both  in  popular  and  liberal  education. 
The  city  of  Providence  owes  to  him  a  debt  of  grat 
itude  for  what  he  did  in  elevating  the  standard  of 
common-school  education  which  it  can  never  pay. 
His  relations  to  Brown  University  were  of  the  most 
intimate  character.  lie  was  elected  a  member  of 


IV  EY 


588 


IVIMEY 


its  board  of  trustees  in  1822,  and  in  1825  he  was 
chosen  its  treasurer,  and  without  compensation, 
and  as  a  labor  of  love  to  his  a!ma  wafer,  dis 
charged  its  onerous  and  sometimes  complicated 
duties  for  the  long  period  of  thirty-two  years. 
"  During  the  twenty-nine  years  of  my  connection 
with  the  university,''  says  Dr.  Wayland,  "I  do  not 
remember  an  examination  at  some  of  the  exercises 
of  which  he  was  not  present  unless  detained  by 
sickness,  and  in  which  he  did  not  take  a  lively  in 
terest.  His  interest  never  flagged  Avhen  anything 
could  be  suggested  to  improve  the  condition  of  the 
institution  which  he  loved  so  well.  If  in  any  re 
spect  Brown  University  has  gained  in  favor  with 
the  public  ;  if  it  has  taken  a  more  honorable  rank 
among  the  colleges  of  New  England  ;  if  its  means 
of  education  have  been  rendered,  in  any  respect, 
ample,  and  its  board  of  instruction  such  as  would 
adorn  any  similar  institution  in  our  country  ;  to  no 
one  are  we  more  indebted  for  all  this  than  to  the 
late  treasurer  of  the  university." 

Mr.  Ives,  although  like  his  uncle,  the  Hon.  Nich 
olas  Brown,  not  a  member  of  the  church,  was  an 
habitual  worshiper  in  the  venerable  meeting-house 
of  the  First  Baptist  church.  He  was  not  wont  to 
give  expression  to  his  religious  views,  but  as  the 
shadows  of  time  passed  away,  and  the  solemn  real 
ities  of  eternity  rose  to  his  view,  he  did  not  hesi 
tate  to  make  known  the  ground  of  his  hopes.  "  I 
am  now  on  my  death-bed,"  said  he,  in  a  note 
dictated  to  a  friend,  "but  my  mind  is  perfectly 
clear.  I  am  firm  and  unwavering  in  my  belief  in 
Jesus  Christ  and  him  crucified."  To  another  he 
sent  this  message,  "Give  him  this  short  message 
from  me, — '  Look  unto  Jesus.'  "  Such  testimony  to 
his  firm  and  unshaken  trust  in  his  Redeemer, 
coming  from  the  lips  of  such  a  man,  meant  all  it 
expressed. 

Ivey,  Rev.  F.  H.,  was  born  in  Fayetteville, 
N.  C.,  in  1834;  bred  in  the  Observer  office  under 
the  training  of  E.  J.  Hale,  baptized  by  Dr.  James 
McDaniel,  and  graduated  at  Wake  Forest  College, 
it  is  not  strange  that  Mr.  Ivey  is  a  capital  writer 
and  an  excellent  preacher.  He  was  for  eleven 
years  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  of  Athens,  Ga. ; 
returned  to  North  Carolina  in  1873  ;  did  good  work 
as  agent  for  Wake  Forest  College  for  more  than  a 
year,  and  has  been  for  the  last  four  years  pastor  in 
Goldsborough. 

Ivimey,  Rev.  Joseph,  was  born  at  Ringwood, 
Hampshire,  England,  May  22,  1773.  When  a 
youth  he  was  convicted  of  sin,  and  a  gospel  hope 
first  entered  his  heart  through  the  stanza, — 


"  In  the  world  of  endless  ruin 
It  shall  never  once  be  said, 
There's  a  soul  that  perished  suing 
For  the  Saviour's  promised  aid." 

This  hope  was  soon  after  confirmed,  so  that  he 
could  regard  the  Saviour  as  his.  He  was  baptized 
Sept.  16,  1790.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Eagle  Street  church,  lied  Lion  Square,  London. 
Jan.  1 G,  1805.  His  labors  were  attended  with  great 
success.  lie  was  gifted  with  much  energy,  with 


REV.  JOSEPH   IVIMEY. 

an  unusual  power  of  gaining  and  keeping  informa 
tion,  and  with  fearless  faithfulness  in  proclaiming 
the  whole  truth  of  God.  He  had  the  happiness  of 
baptizing  his  own  father  and  mother.  His  father 
was  seventy  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  his  im 
mersion,  and  only  partook  of  the  Lord's  Supper 
once  after  he  was  received  into  the  church. 

Mr.  Ivimey  wrote  a  life  of  John  Bunyan,  which 
enjoyed  considerable  popularity,  and  "  A  History 
of  the  English  Baptists,"  in  four  octavo  volumes, 
the  last  two  of  which  were  published  in  1830.  This 
history  is  invaluable.  It  is  only  seldom  for  sale, 
and  when  it  can  be  purchased  it  is  held  at  a  high 
price.  He  was  also  the  author  of  other  works. 

Mr.  Ivimey  closed  his  useful  life  Feb.  8,  1834. 
A  little  before  his  departure  he  said, — 

"  Not  a  wave  of  trouble  rolls 
Across  my  peaceful  breast." 


JACKSON 


589 


JACKSON 


J. 


Jackson,  GrOV.  Charles,  son  of  lion,  llichard 
Jackson,  and  brother  of  Ilev.  Dr.  Henry  Jackson, 
was  born  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  March  3,  1797,  and 
was  a  graduate  of  Brown  University  in  the  class  of 
1817.  He  pursued  his  law  studies  in  the  office  of 
Hon.  James  Burrill,  of  Providence,  and  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  bar  in  1820.  After  practising  his  pro 
fession  for  three  years,  he  retired  from  it,  and  de 
voted  himself  to  the  manufacture  of  cotton,  and  re 
sided  for  several  years  in  a  village  which  took  its 
name  from  him, — Jacksonville.  He  returned  to 
Providence  in  1839,  and  devoted  himself  during  the 
remainder  of  his  life  to  the  manufacturing  interests 
of  the  State  and  of  the  country  at  large.  For  sev 
eral  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  General  Assem 
bly  of  Rhode  Island,  and  Speaker  of  the  House  in 
1841-42.  He  was  chosen  governor  of  the  State  in 
1845,  and  held  the  office  one  year.  His  death  oc 
curred  at  Providence,  Jan.  21,  1876.  Although  not 
a  professor  of  religion,  he  had  a  pew  in  the  First 
Baptist  meeting-house  in  Providence,  and  regarded 
that  place  as  his  religious  home. 

Jackson,  Henry,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Providence, 
R.  I.,  June  16,  1798.  By  family  connection  he  was 
related  to  some  of  the  first  people  in  the  city  of  his 
birth  and  in  Rhode  Island.  Having  completed  his 
preparatory  studies  in  the  university  grammar 
school,  he  entered  Brown  University  in  1813. 
During  his  second  year  in  college  he  was  bap 
tized,  and  became  a  member  of  the  First  Baptist 
c-hurch  in  Providence,  then  under  the  pastoral 
charge  of  Rev.  Dr.  Gano.  At  once  he  took  a  de 
cided  stand  as  a  Christian  worker,  and,  obeying 
what  he  recognized  as  the  call  of  God,  he  resolved 
to  devote  himself  to  the  work  of  the  Christian  min 
istry.  To  fit  himself  for  it  he  repaired  to  the  An- 
dover  Theological  Institution,  and  pursued  the  full 
course  of  study  there.  The  First  Baptist  church 
in  Providence,  with  which  he  was  connected,  gave 
him  a  license  to  preach  the  gospel  in  1820.  He  was 
ordained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Charles- 
town,  Mass.,  Nov.  27,  1822.  For  fourteen  years  he 
labored  with  great  zeal,  and  was  rewarded  by  see 
ing  the  growth  of  his  church,  both  in  numbers  and 
spiritual  efficiency.  It  was  largely  owing  to  his 
influence  and  practical  aid  that  the  Charlestown 
Female  Seminary  was  founded,  an  institution 
which  did  an  incalculable  amount  of  good  in  the 
intellectual  training  of  young  ladies,  and  fitting 
very  many  of  them  for  positions  of  great  useful 


ness  in  after-life.      His  ministry  in  Charlestown 
closed  Oct.  19,  1836. 

Dr.  Jackson  had  received  an  invitation  to  take 
charge  of  the  First  Baptist   church   in   Hartford, 


HENRY    JACKSON,   D.D. 


Conn.,  before  his  resignation  of  his  pastorate  in 
Charlestown.  After  a  few  weeks  of  cessation 
from  his  ministerial  work,  he  was  installed  at 
Hartford.  Serious  illness  interrupted  his  labors 
after  he  had  been  in  his  new  field  a  little  more 
than  a  year.  After  a  season  of  rest,  he  was  anx 
ious  once  more  to  be  engaged  in  the  work  of 
the  ministry,  and  accepted  a  call  to  the  First  Bap 
tist  church  in  New  Bedford,  where  he  was  in 
stalled  Jan.  1,  1839.  Seven  years  were  spent  in 
New  Bedford.  Once  more  he  found  himself  over 
worked,  and  compelled,  in  comparative  retirement, 
to  recruit  his  wasted  energies.  He  resumed  his 
work  in  January,  1847,  and  was  settled  as  the  pas 
tor  of  the  Central  Baptist  church  in  Newport,  R.  I. 
The  church  had  recently  been  formed,  and  he  was 
its  first  pastor.  This  was  his  longest  pastorate, 
extending  from  January,  1847,  to  the  close  of  life, 
a  period  of  a  little  more  than  twenty-three  years. 
When  the  end  of  his  long  ministerial  career  came, 


JA  CKSOX 


590 


JACKSON 


he  had  been  in  the  vocation  which,  in  his  young 
days,  he  liad  accepted  with  such  a  hearty  conse 
cration  of  himself  to  his  Lord,  nearly  forty-one 
years.  During  this  time  he  had  welcomed  into  the 
different  churches  of  which  he  had  been  pastor 
nearly  1400  persons,  having  administered  the  or 
dinance  of  baptism  to  870  of  this  number. 

Dr.  Jackson  was  greatly  interested  in  all  forms 
of  educational  institutions.  In  1828  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  corporation  of  Brown  University. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Newton  Theo 
logical  Institution,  and  a  trustee  from  1825  through 
the  remainder  of  his  life.  By  his  will  he  left  gen 
erous  bequests  to  both  these  seminaries  of  learn 
ing.  He  published  a  history  of  the  Baptist  churches 
in  Rhode  Island,  and  by  his  industry  and  diligent 
search  gathered  up  materials  which,  but  for  his 
labors,  might  have  been  irrecoverably  lost. 

The  death  of  Dr.  Jackson  was  almost  a  transla 
tion.  He  was  on  his  way  to  East  Greenwich,  11.  I., 
going  there  on  some  errand  of  Christian  love. 
While  engaged  in,  pleasant  conversation  with  a 
friend  who  sat  by  his  side,  without  a  moment's 
warning,  life  was  extinct,  and  he  was  transferred 
from  the  scene  of  his  labors  to  that  of  his  reward. 
It  was  without  doubt  a  stroke  of  apoplexy.  The 
event  occurred  March  2,  1S63,  at  the  age  of  sixty- 
four  years  and  eight  months  and  four  days.  He 
had  filled  so  prominent  a  place  in  the  denomina 
tion  in  which  for  so  long  a  time  he  had  exercised 
his  ministry,  that  his  sudden  departure  was  a  great 
shock  to  his  friends.  It  is  difficult  to  realize  the 
sum  total  of  the  good  which  sprang  from  all  those 
years  of  service  for  the  Master.  That  he  owned 
and  blessed  the  service  was  the  servant's  exceeding 
great  reward. 

Jackson,  Col.  Moses,  a  member  of  the  Missis 
sippi  senate  from  Wilkinson  and  Amite  Counties, 
was  born  in  Amite  Co.,  Miss.,  in  1822;  became  a 
Baptist  in  1852,  and  has  since  lived  a  consistent 
Christian  life  in  the  midst  of  public  duties  ;  twenty- 
two  years  a  trustee,  and  twenty-four  years  a  deacon, 
and  twenty-five  years  clerk  of  his  church.  When  the 
General  Association  of  South  Mississippi  and  East 
ern  Louisiana  was  formed,  in  1866,  he  was  elected 
moderator.  He  entered  the  Confederate  army  as  a 
private,  and  was  promoted  through  several  grades 
to  that  of  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  33d  Miss.  Regi 
ment.  Besides  several  minor  offices  which  he  has 
held,  in  1861  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  and  re-elected  in  1863.  In  1865  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  senate,  and  re-elected  in  1877. 

Jackson,  Hon.  Richard,  was  born  in  Provi 
dence,  R.  I.,  July  3,  1764.  His  early  boyhood 
brought  him  within  the  period  of  the  Revolutionary 
war.  When  there  were  grave  fears  that  Providence 
would  be  attacked  by  the  British,  the  father  of 
young  Jackson  removed  his  family  to  Pomfret, 


Conn.,  where  they  remained  for  some  time  away 
from  the  dangers  and  excitements  of  the  war.  Mr. 
•Jackson  early  showed  a  taste  for  business  pursuits, 
and  embarked  in  mercantile  and  manufacturing 
enterprises,  in  the  prosecution  of  which  ho  was 
eminently  successful.  He  also  developed  a  taste 
for  political  life,  and  was  honored  several  times 
with  the  votes  of  his  fellow-citizens  to  fill  places  of 
important  civil  trusts.  In  1815  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Tenth  Congress  of  the  United 
States,  and  so  acceptable  were  his  services  to  a 
majority  of  the  people  of  his  native  State  that  he 
was  re-elected  to  the  Eleventh,  Twelfth,  and  Thir 
teenth  Congresses.  The  whole  period  of  his  ser 
vice  as  one  of  the  representatives  from  Rhode 
Island  was  nearly  seven  years,  covering  the  period 
between  November  11,  1808,  and  March  4,  1815. 
In  all  matters  affecting  the  welfare  of  his  native 
town  he  took  a  great  interest.  Of  one  of  the 
leading  insurance  companies  of  Providence — the 
Washington — he  was  the  president  for  thirty-eight 
years.  He  took  also  an  abiding  interest  in  the  af 
fairs  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  in  whose  meeting 
house  he  worshiped  for  so  many  years.  Brown 
University  chose  him  as  a  member  of  its  corporation 
in  1809,  and  he  held  this  office  until  his  death, 
which  took  place  at  Providence,  April  18.  1838. 
Mr.  Jackson  was  the  father  of  Rev.  Henry  Jackson, 
D.D.,  and  of  Hon.  Charles  Jackson,  who  was  gov 
ernor  of  Rhode  Island  during  the  gubernatorial 
year  1845-46. 

Jackson,  Rev.  R.  S.,  a  gifted  young  minister,  a 
native  of  Louisiana,  \vas  born  near  the  mouth  of 
Red  River,  Sept,  12,  1844;  was  educated  at  Mount 
Lebanon  University  and  the  State  Seminary  at 
Alexandria.  He  left  school  to  enlist  in  the  Confed 
erate  army,  and  rose  to  the  rank  of  captain.  After 
the  war  he  engaged  in  teaching;  began  to  preach 
in  1869  to  the  Creoles  in  their  vernacular;  was 
subsequently  tutor  in  Mississippi  College;  secretary 
of  the  Ministerial  Educational  Board  of  the  Lou 
isiana  Convention,  and  missionary  of  Bayou  Macon 
Association,  La.  After  a  successful  pastorate  at 
Bastrop,  La.,  he  entered  the  Southern  Baptist  Theo 
logical  Seminary.  As  a  contributor  to  the  religious 
press  he  attained  distinction.  lie  died  at  the  sem 
inary  from  an  old  army  wound  in  1874. 

Jackson,  Thomas,  a  prominent  Baptist  layman 
in  Eastern  Louisiana,  was  one  of  "  Marion's  men" 
during  the  Revolution,  and  accompanied  the  old 
"  Swamp  Fox"  throughout  the  war.  It  was  he  who 
prepared  the  dinner  of  roasted  sweet  potatoes  for 
the  British  officers  who  visited  Marion's  camp  under 
a  flag  of  truce,  and  who  reported  that  it  was  im 
possible  to  conquer  men  Avho  fought  for  liberty  and 
lived  upon  roots.  He  came  to  East  Feliciana  Par 
ish,  La.,  in  1806,  and  either  united  in  the  organiza 
tion  of  the  Hepzibab  church  in  1813,  or  became  a 


JACKSON 


591 


JACOBS 


member  soon  after.  He  died  in  1844.  Several  of 
his  descendants  have  been  prominent  Baptists  in 
the  State. 

Jackson,  Wade  M.,  a  pioneer  among  the  Bap 
tists  of  Missouri,  was  born  in  Fleming  Co.,  Ky., 
Dec.  3,  1797,  and  died  in  Howard  Co.,  Mo.,  March 
22,  1879.  He  removed  to  Missouri  in  1824,  and  set 
tled  on  the  farm  where  he  died.  He  was  the  father 
of  Mrs.  Judge  James  Harris,  of  Boone  Co.,  Mo., 
and  brother  of  Claiborne  F.  Jackson,  late  governor 
of  Missouri.  As  an  honored  citizen  of  Central 
Missouri  he  stood  in  the  front  rank.  lie  became  a 
Baptist  forty-one  years  before  his  death,  and  con 
secrated  his  life  to  Christ,  and  served  his  denomi 
nation  faithfully.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Exec 
utive  Missionary  Board  of  the  General  Association 
for  years,  and  a  trustee  of  William  Jewell  College. 
He  rendered  valuable  aid  in  drawing  up  the  charter 
of  that  institution,  and  helped  to  organize  it.  Many 
old  friends  followed  him  to  his  resting-place  in  the 
family  burying-ground  near  his  home. 

Jackson,  Rev.  Wingate,  was  born  in  1776  in 
Virginia,  and  removed  in  early  life  to  Kentucky, 
where  he  reached  eminence  as  a  preacher.  He 
came  to  Missouri  about  1809,  and  labored  in  and 
around  Cape  Girardeau  and  Jackson.  lie  belonged 
to  Bethel  Association,  and  great  success  attended 
his  ministry.  He  was  clear  in  doctrine,  eloquent 
in  speech,  wise  in  counsel,  and  untiring  in  labor. 
He  died  in  1835.  His  opinions  for  years  after  his 
death  were  quoted  to  settle  controversies. 

Jacobs,  B.  F.,  Esq. — This  name  is  one  well 
known  among  active  and  enterprising  Christian 
workers  throughout  the  land.  Mr.  Jacobs  was 
born  at  Paterson,  N.  J.,  in  September,  1834.  He 
was  baptized  in  Chicago  in  1854,  by  Rev.  J.  C. 
Burroughs,  then  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church, 
uniting  with  that  church,  of  which  he  has  remained 
a  member  until  now.  Previous  to  his  removal  to 
Chicago  he  had  lived  for  some  yeai's  in  Detroit, 
where  he  was  a  member  of  the  Bible-class  of  Mr. 
S.  N.  Kendrick.  His  conversion  occurred  while 
there.  Immediately  upon  uniting  with  the  church 
in  Chicago  he  began  active  Christian  work,  at  first 
as  a  teacher  in  the  Taylor  Street  Mission  School, 
the  first  of  such  schools  established  in  Chicago, 
being  engaged  also  in  a  similar  way  in  the  home 
school.  In  1856  the  first  of  the  mission  schools  of 
our  own  denomination  in  Chicago  was  opened  in 
what  was  then  called  New  Street,  now  Seventeenth, 
and  named  the  New  Street  Mission  ;  subsequently, 
in  recognition  of  the  generous  aid  given  it  by  Miss 
Shields,  of  Philadelphia,  called  the  Shields  Mission. 
Of  this  mission  Mr.  Jacobs  remained  the  superin 
tendent  for  eight  years,  and  under  his  guidance 
it  grew  to  be  one  of  the  most  efficient  agencies  of 
the  kind  in  the  city.  In  1865,  when  Deacon  S. 
Hoard,  by  reason  of  his  connection  with  the  Sec 


ond  church,  upon  the  west  side  of  the  river,  left 
the  superintendency  of  the  school  at  the  First 
church,  Mr.  Jacobs  was  elected  superintendent  in 
his  place.  The  church  was  at  that  time  building  a 
new  house  of  worship  on  Wabash  Avenue,  and  was 
meeting  meantime  in  Bryan  Hall.  On  the  first 
Sunday  in  January,  1866,  it  removed  to  the  lecture- 
room  of  the  new  house,  a  room  made  for  the  ac 
commodation  of  800.  The  school  numbered  only 
90,  and  seemed  at  first  almost  lost  in  the  new 
quarters,  but  began  at  once  to  grow,  and  so  con 
tinued  until  it  had  reached  nearly  1200.  During 
this  time  Mr.  Jacobs  remained  the  superintendent, 
and  continued  such  until  the  house  on  Wabash 
Avenue  had  been  destroyed  by  fire,  in  1874.  Upon 
the  erection  of  a  new  house  in  the  south  part  of 
the  city,  Mr.  Jacobs,  with  others,  organized  a  school 
and  evening  congregation  upon  Wabash  Avenue 
near  the  site  of  the  house  that  was  burned.  This, 
under  the  name  of  the  Tabernacle,  has  been  con 
tinued  until  the  present  time.  The  school  at  pres 
ent  numbers  400.  There  are  126  members  of  the 
organization  holding  their  formal  membership  with 
the  First  church,  but  having  otherwise  a  distinct 
identity.  The  weekly  evening  prayer-meeting 
numbers  from  75  to  100,  fully  three-fifths  of  whom 
are  men.  Of  those  who  have  connected  themselves 
with  the  organization  most  have  come  in  by  bap 
tism,  many  of  them  rescued  from  the  lowest  depths 
of  dissipation.  At  the  evening  service,  which  is 
always  well  attended,  Mr.  Jacobs  preaches. 

The  large  place  which  Mr.  Jacobs  has  filled  in 
general  church  work  would  deserve  detailed  record 
if  space  would  allow.  He  was  one  of  the  founders, 
and  has  always  been  one  of  the  most  active  mem 
bers  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  of 
Chicago,  an  organization  which  grew  out  of  the 
revival  of  1857-58.  In  1861,  Mr.  Jacobs,  Mr. 
Moody,  and  Mr.  Tuthill  King  inaugurated  the  re 
ligious  work  at  Camp  Douglas,  in  Chicago,  which 
was  continued  during  the  war  with  the  happiest 
results.  As  one  of  the  first  who  visited  on  a  like 
errand  the  troops  in  service  in  the  South,  he  may 
be  said  to  have  had  a  share  in  creating  the  Christian 
Commission,  with  which  lie  remained  connected  to 
the  end  of  the  struggle,  serving  as  its  secretary 
for  the  West,  and  raising  for  its  uses  the  sum  of 
more  than  §100.000.  In  the  general  Sunday-school 
wrork,  State  and  national,  he  has  labored  during 
many  years ;  was  the  originator  of  the  Interna 
tional  Sunday-School  Committee,  and  remains  a 
member  of  that  committee  to  this  day.  This  is 
but  the  meagre  outline  of  a  career  of  remarkable 
Christian  activity,  carried  on  amidst  the  exacting 
demands  of  an  engrossing  business,  and  which,  we 
rejoice  to  say,  has  still  the  promise  of  many  years' 
continuance. 

Jacobs,  Capt.  William  S.,  commanded  at  sea 


JAMES 


592 


JAMES 


for  many  years,  and  on  retiring,  resided  at  Liver 
pool,  Nova  Scotia.  lie  became  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  that  town  ;  was  liberal  in  sup 
port  of  all  denominational  objects,  and  at  his  death, 
in  1863,  left  handsome  bequests  to  Acadia  College, 
to  home  missions,  and  infirm  ministers. 

James,  Prof.  Charles  Sexton,  Ph.D.,  was  born 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Feb.  G,  1820.  lie  was  prepared 
for  college  at  the  Iladdington  Institution,  under 
the  care  of  Rev.  J.  L.  Dagg,  D.D.  lie  entered 
Brown  University  at  sixteen,  arid  was  a  member 
of  the  famous  class  of  1840,  in  which  he  was  asso 
ciated  with  James  11.  Boise,  Win.  T.  Brantly,  Eben- 
ezer  Dodge,  ex-Gov.  Gaston,  of  Massachusetts,  J.  R. 
Kendrick,  Ileman  Lincoln,  and  Henry  G.  Weston. 
His  course  was,  however,  interrupted  by  a  three 
years'  absence,  and  his  graduation  deferred  until 
1843.  lie  distinguished  himself  as  a  student,  and 
particularly  in  Greek.  lie  was  chosen  to  member 
ship  in  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Society  in  his  Junior 
year.  He  was  converted  during  a  revival  at  Brown 
University  in  1835,  and  was  baptized  into  the  fel 
lowship  of  the  Tenth  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia, 
by  Rev.  J.  II.  Kennard.  D.D.  After  his  gradua 
tion  he  became  an  instructor  with  his  uncle,  T.  D. 
James,  in  the  academy  at  Eleventh  and  Market 
Streets,  Philadelphia,  until  1851,  when  he  was 
called  to  the  Professorship  of  Mathematics  and 
Natural  Philosophy  in  the  university  at  Lewis- 
burg,  Pa.  As  a  scholar,  Prof.  James  was  exact 
and  thorough.  As  a  teacher,  for  more  than  a  third 
of  a  century,  he  was  enthusiastic  and  eminently 
successful.  The  dry  problems  of  pure  mathe 
matics  were  poetry  to  him,  and  in  his  hands  were 
clothed  with  unknown  charms  to  his  classes.  Many 
of  Lewisburg's  best  and  most  useful  graduates  refer 
to  his  class-room  as  the  place  of  their  first  and 
lasting  inspiration  to  exact  reasoning  and  earnest 
scholarship. 

As  a  student  of  the  Bible  and  a  member  of 
the  church,  Prof.  James  was  reverent  and  diligent, 
lie  was  always  an  active  worker  in  the  Sunday- 
school.  His  knowledge  of  the  New  Testament 
was  founded  upon  a  thorough  study  of  the  original 
Greek.  For  years  he  has  conducted  a  Sunday 
morning  Bible-class  of  college  students  in  his 
parlor,  the  New  Testament  being  studied  in  Greek. 

In  1859,  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Columbian  College.  Prof.  James  was 
singularly  modest.  In  his  class-room,  and  within 
the  circle  of  his  appointed  labors,  he  was  devotedly 
loved  by  those  who  knew  him  best,  as  a  man  of 
self-sacrificing  generosity  and  earnest  devotion  to 
the  cause  of  Christian  education. 

James,  Rev.  John,  was  pastor  of  the  Baptist 
church  meeting  in  Bulstake  Alley,  Whitechapel, 
London.  In  the  latter  end  of  1661,  Mr.  James 
was  rudely  interrupted  twice  by  officers  of  the  law 


while  preaching  to  his  own  people,  and  commanded 
to  come  down.  Then  he  was  dragged  out  of  the 
pulpit.  A  perjured  wretch  named  Tipler,  a  jour 
neyman  pipe-maker,  charged  him  with  uttering 
treasonable  words  against  the  king  ;  and  so  dis 
reputable  a  person  was  Tipler  that  the  justice  re 
fused  to  commit  Mr.  James  on  his  testimony,  unless 
it  was  corroborated  ;  but  this  was  done,  and  the 
good  pastor  was  sent  to  the  Tower. 

On  the  14th  of  November  he  was  brought  before 
Chief-Justice  Forster,  and  three  other  judges,  at 
Westminster  Hall,  where  he  was  charged  with 
li  endeavoring  to  levy  war  against  the  king;  with 
seeking  a  change  in  the  government ;  with  saying 
that  the  king  was  a  bloody  tyrant,  a  blood-sucker, 
and  a  bloodthirsty  man,  and  that  his  nobles  were 
the  same  ;  and  that  the  king  and  his  nobles  had 
shed  the  blood  of  the  saints  at  Charing  Cross,  and 
in  Scotland."  To  this  indictment  he  pled  "  not 
guilty,  neither  in  matter  nor  form."  And  there 
was  not  a  tittle  of  evidence  to  substantiate  one  of 
the  charges  in  any  just  court  on  earth.  Mr.  James 
was  remanded  to  Newgate  for  four  days,  when  the 
trial  was  to  proceed.  In  the  mean  time  he  received 
a  letter  from  a  friend  of  distinction,  who  informed 
him  that  for  many  years  there  had  not  been  such 
efforts  to  pack  a  jury,  and  that  his  only  hope  of 
safety  lay  in  challenging  them,  or  "  most  of  the 
chief  men  of  them."  When  Mr.  James  was  brought 
before  the  court,  the  chief  justice  exclaimed,  "  Oh, 
oh,  are  you  come?"  "and  this  was  a  specimen  of 
the  way  in  which  his  trial  was  conducted."  He 
was  condemned  according  to  the  plot  of  those  who 
planned  his  murder  ;  and  the  next  day,  after  the 
court  had  sentenced  him,  his  wife  presented  a 
petition  to  King  Charles  II.  proving  his  innocence, 
and  appealing  for  mercy ;  but  the  only  reply 
of  his  majesty  was,  "  Oh  !  Mr.  James,  he  is  a  sweet 
gentleman,"  "  and  the  door  was  shut  against  her." 
The  next  morning  she  made  another  appeal  to  him  ; 
and  his  cruel  response  was,  "  He  is  a  rogue,  and 
shall  be  hanged." 

When  he  was  asked  if  he  had  anything  to  say 
why  sentence  of  death  should  not  be  pronounced 
upon  him,  his  answer  was:  "  As  for  me,  behold,  I 
am  in  your  hand  :  do  with  me  as  it  seemeth  good 
and  meet  unto  you.  But  know  ye  for  certain  that 
if  ye  put  me  to  death,  ye  shall  surely  bring  inno 
cent  blood  upon  yourselves,  and  upon  this  city,  and 
upon  the  inhabitants  thereof.  Precious  in  the 
sight  of  the  Lord  is  the  death  of  his  saints.  He 
that  toucheth  you  toucheth  the  apple  of  mine  eye." 
And  when  Mr.  James  heard  his  sentence,  he  imme 
diately  added,  "  Blessed  be  God,  whom  man  hath 
condemned  God  hath  justified." 

At  Tyburn,  where  he  was  hung,  drawn  and  quar 
tered,  his  remarks  were  gentle  and  loving,  and  his 
soul  brave  and  full  of  hope.  "  His  quarters  were 


JAMES 


593 


JAMES 


taken  back  to  Newgate  prison  on  the  sledge  which 
brought  him  to  the  gallows,  and  they  were  after 
wards  placed  on  the  city  gates,  and  his  head  was 
set  upon  a  pole  opposite  his  meeting-house." 

John  James  was  an  inoffensive  and  benevolent 
man,  free  from  any  blemish  in  his  character,  and 
guiltless  of  every  charge  in  the  indictment.  He 
was  savagely  murdered  by  Charles  II.,  his  courtiers, 
and  his  tools,  the  judges,  to  terrify  the  Dissenters, 
and  especially  the  Baptists,  into  loyalty.  Un 
doubtedly  the  vengeance  of  God,  invoked  by  the 
innocent  blood  of  John  James,  had  something  to 
do  with  driving  the  Stuarts  from  the  throne  of 
England.  Mr.  James  was  a  Seventh-Day  Baptist. 

James,  Rev.  John  Angell  (colored),  was  born 
Nov.  5,  1826,  in  De  Kalb  Co.,  Ga.  lie  was  raised 
on  a  farm,  but  became  a  mechanic.  He  professed 
religion,  and  was  baptized  by  Ilev.  S.  Landrum  in 
1849,  and  joined  the  Cotton  Avenue  Baptist  church 
in  Macon,  Ga.,  Feb.  10,  1850.  He  was  licensed  in 
185G  by  the  Cotton  Avenue  church.  In  September, 

1865,  the  Second  Street  (colored)  church  was  formed 
by  members  who  took  letters  from  the  Cotton  Ave 
nue   church.     They   called   Mr.  James   to  ordina 
tion,  and  he  was  set  apart  to  the  gospel  ministry 
by  a  Presbytery  consisting  of  Rev.  E.  W.  Warren 
(white).  Rev.  F.  M.   Ilaygood  (white),  and   Rev. 
Frank  Quarles  (colored),  on  the  14th  of  October, 

1866.  lie  assumed  the  pastorate  of  the  Second 
Street  church  in  October,  1867,  and  served  nine 
years  with  much   success,  and  baptized  over  300 
persons.     He  then  went  to  Houston  County,  where 
he  organized  the  Springfield  (colored)  church,  which 
he  served  sixteen  months.     Returning  to  Macon, 
he  organized  the  Fulton  church,  which  he  served 
two  years  as   pastor.     He  then  went  to  Forsyth, 
Ga.,  and  organized  the  St.  James  (colored)  Baptist 
church  in  1867,  where  he  still  labors  industriously 
and  usefully.     He  has  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  that  church  374  persons.    The  total  number  bap 
tized   by  him   during  his   ministry  to  the  present 
time,  1880,  is  738.     Mr.  James  is  one  of  the  most 
intelligent,  useful,  and  laborious  ministers  among 
the    colored   Baptists   of    Georgia,   and    one    who 
stands  high  in  the   denomination.     For  years  he 
was  clerk  of  the  Middle  Georgia  Association  (col 
ored),  a  large  and  working  body.     For  eight  years 
he  has  been  assistant  secretary  of  the  Colored  State 
Baptist  Convention,  and  is  a  vice-president  of  that 
body  and  secretary  of  its  executive  board.     He  is 
liberal,  earnest,  and  devout,  and  he  is  a  faithful 
pastor,  enjoying  the  confidence  of  all,  and  a  man 
of  marked  ability  as  a  preacher  and  writer  among 
his  race. 

James,  J.  H.,  a  banker  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  was  born 
in  Henry  County,  July  14,  1830.  His  father  re 
moved  to  Georgia  from  North  Carolina,  of  which 
State  he  was  a  native.  Until  manhood  Mr.  James 


resided  on  his  father's  farm.  There  was,  however, 
in  him  a  genius  for  business  that  could  not  brook 
such  a  life,  so,  at  twenty,  he  went  to  Atlanta  and 
accepted  a  situation  at  $10  per  month,  which,  before 


j.  n.  JAMES. 

a  great  while,  was  increased  to  $100  per  month. 
In  1860  he  opened  a  banking-house  in  Atlanta,  and 
when  the  war  began  was  wealthy  ;  but  the  end  of 
the  war  found  him  worth  about  812,000  only.  He 
opened  his  bank  again,  and  prosecuted  his  business 
with  such  success  that  he  is  now  one  of  the  wealth 
iest  men  in  Georgia.  His  business  capacity  and  in 
tegrity  are  such  that  he  enjoys  the  confidence  of  all 
who  know  him,  and  has  now  established  for  him 
self  the  reputation  of  a  financier  of  the  first  order. 
In  manner  Mr.  James  is  pleasant  and  friendly  ; 
free  from  affectation,  and  full  of  geniality.  As  a 
citizen,  he  is  charitable  and  public-spirited;  as  a 
Christian,  generous  and  sincere,  taking  part  in  all 
denominational  affairs,  and  in  the  family  circle  he 
is  kind,  affectionate,  and  considerate.  He  has  oc 
cupied  the  position  of  mayor  of  Atlanta,  is  a  trustee 
of  Mercer  University,  and  a  trustee  and  superintend 
ent  of  the  Baptist  Orphans'  Home  of  Georgia,  lo 
cated  at  Atlanta. 

In  1876  his  name  was  suggested  in  connection 
with  the  gubernatorial  election,  and  many,  de 
siring  to  secure  for  the  State  the  benefit  of  his 
financial  ability,  entreated  him  to  allow  his  name 
to  be  placed  before  the  nominating  convention,  but 
this  he  declined. 

Mr.  James  is  a  man  of  great  liberality.  At  his 
individual  expense  he  erected  two  Baptist  houses 


JAMES 


5<H 


JAMESON 


of  worship  in  Atlanta,  at  a  cost  of  $2500  each  ; 
ami  to  the  completion  of  another  he  contributed 
the  sum  of  §3500,  besides  generously  aiding  in  the 
support  of  ministers  for  these  churches.  Thou 
sands  of  his  minor  charities  have  relieved  the  ne 
cessities  of  the  poor,  and  if  the  worth  of  men  should 
}>o  measured  by  their  gifts  to  the  needy,  that  of 
.Mr.  James  would  appear  pre-eminent.  His  dona 
tions  to  churches  since  the  war  sum  up  more  than 
SI 5, 000,  an  amount  considerably  in  excess  of  the 
entire  capital  with  which  he  resumed  business. 

lie  is  one  of  those  noble  men  who  win  their  way 
in  life  by  capacity,  integrity,  and  sound  judgment, 
and  who  rise,  not  on  the  ruin  of  others,  but  through 
the  legitimate  exercise  of  their  own  abilities  and 
good  sense  in  the  ordinary  business  affairs  of  life. 

During  the  panic  of  1873,  when  many  of  the 
wealthiest  bankers  were  compelled  to  suspend, 
some  going  into  bankruptcy,  a  heavy  pressure  was 
brought  to  bear  upon  the  establishment  of  Mr. 
James,  by  the  unexpected  demands  of  depositors. 
At  this  juncture  he  closed  his  bank  until  he  could 
collect  assets,  when  a  number  of  the  wealthy  men 
of  Atlanta,  voluntarily  and  through  the  press,  pro 
posed  to  assume,  in  his  behalf,  liabilities  varying 
from  live  to  fifty  thousand  dollars  each.  Such  a 
manifestation  of  faith  is  seldom  met  in  the  history 
of  bankers  or  banking  institutions,  and  this  was 
an  expression  of  confidence  unmistakably  sincere, 
since  it  was  based  upon  the  advance  of  large  sums 
of  actual  capital  for  immediate  use. 

Mr.  James  frequently  attends  the  denominational 
gatherings  of  his  brethren,  and  his  speeches  are  al 
ways  plain,  practical,  and  full  of  good  sense. 

James,  Rev.  J.  J.,  was  born  in  Halifax  Co.,  Va., 
Nov.  30,  1814 ;  was  for  three  sessions  a  student  at 
Wake  Forest  Institute,  and,  after  teaching  for  two 
years  in  Virginia,  graduated  at  Columbian  Univer 
sity,  Washington,  D.  C.,  in  1841.  Mr.  James  was 
baptized  at  the  age  of  eighteen  by  the  Rev.  John 
G.  Mills,  and  was  ordained  in  1842,  Rev.  J.  G. 
Mills  and  Rev.  A.  M.  Poindexter  constituting  the 
Presbytery.  After  laboring  for  many  years  with 
much  success  as  pastor  in  Caswell  Co.,  X.  C.,  aid 
ing  in  the  organization  of  Oxford  Female  College, 
and  being  a  useful  member  of  the  various  boards 
of  the  Convention,  he  became  editor  of  the  Biblical 
Jidmrder  in  1854,  which  position  he  held  till  1861. 
He  now  resides  on  his  farm  in  Caswell  County, 
and  preaches  only  occasionally. 

James,  Rev.  Owen,  was  born  Oct.  30,  1848,  in 
the  County  of  Carmarthen,  AY  ales.  Until  his  six 
teenth  year  his  time  was  spent  partly  at  school 
and  partly  in  agricultural  pursuits.  He  was  con 
verted  in  the  summer  of  1864,  was  baptized,  and 
became  an  active  and  useful  church  member.  His 
marked  ability  at  so  early  an  age  prompted  the 
church  to  advise  him  to  prepare  for  the  ministry, 


to  which  his  own  inclinations  strongly  urged  him; 
but  circumstances  for  the  time  made  it  impractica 
ble.  Soon  after  this  he  united  with  another  Bap 
tist  church,  and  here,  again,  after  a  most  useful 
membership  of  nearly  four  years,  the  church  urged 
him  to  devote  himself  to  preparation  for  the  min 
istry.  Through  the  advice  of  Dr.  Thomas  Price, 
of  Aberdare,  Mr.  James  made  his  arrangements  to 
come  to  the  United  States.  He  entered  the  pre 
paratory  department  of  Lewisburg  University  in 
September,  1870,  and  the  college  in  1872.  from 
which  he  was  graduated  in  1876  with  the  highest 
honors  of  his  class.  In  the  fall  of  the  same  year 
he  entered  Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  and  was 
graduated  from  it  in  1879.  He  was  immediately 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  North  Baptist  church, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  which  he  accepted,  where  he 
was  ordained,  and  where  he  still  labors.  Mr. 
James  is  an  interesting  and  instructive  preacher  ; 
is  gifted  with  unusual  logical  and  analytical  power, 
and  presents  his  themes  in  so  fresh  and  original 
a  manner  that  the  most  thoughtful  minds  listen  to 
his  expositions  of  Scriptural  truth  with  both  pleas 
ure  and  profit.  His  congregation,  though  not  very 
large,  contains  some  of  the  most  cultured  of  the 
denomination  among  its  members. 

James,  Rev.  Richard  S.,  M.D.,  president  of 

Judson  University  (Judsonia,  Ark.),  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  in  1824  ;  educated  at  Brown  Uni 
versity  and  Columbian  College,  Washington,  D.  C. ; 
ordained  in  1859 ;  pastor  nine  years  at  Camden 
and  Marlton,  N.  J.  ;  was  pastor  at  West  Newton, 
Mass.,  and  Market  Street  church,  Zanesville,  0.  ; 
and  professor  in  Ilillsdale  College,  Mich.  ;  was 
pastor  at  Medina.  Mich.,  where  he  was  also  prin 
cipal  of  Oak-Grove  Academy.  At  the  beginning 
of  the  present  year  (1880)  he  was  called  to  Jud 
sonia,  Ark.,  and  soon  after  his  arrival  was  elected 
president  of  the  Judson  University,  located  at  Jud- 
sonia.  Dr.  James  is  an  enthusiastic  teacher,  an 
eloquent  preacher,  and  a  sprightly  writer. 

Jameson,  Ephraim  H.  E.,  D.D.,  was  born  at 
St.  George,  Me.,  May  19,  1835.  His  father,  Rev. 
Thomas  Jameson,  was  for  many  years  a  Baptist 
pastor  in  Maine,  but  removed  to  Illinois,  where  he 
died  in  1870,  at  the  age  of  eighty  years.  Mr. 
Jameson  was  educated  at  the  Lebanon  and  South 
Berwick  Academies,  in  Maine,  and  the  Kingston 
Academy,  N.  II.  He  then  entered  upon  the  pro 
fession  of  teaching.  In  1854  he  was  born  into  the 
kingdom  of  Christ.  With  a  change  of  heart  came 
convictions  of  duty  in  another  direction,  and  he  en 
tered  the  New  Hampton  Collegiate  and  Theological 
Institution,  at  Fairfax,  Yt.,  to  prepare  for  the  min 
istry.  After  completing  his  classical  course,  difficul 
ties  arrested  his  efforts,  and  he  resolved  to  engage  in 
secular  pursuits  till  the  way  should  open  for  him 
to  preach  the  gospel.  He  went  West,  spent  some 


JAMESON 


595 


JAPAN 


time  in  teaching,  and  afterwards  several  years  in 
the  editorial  profession  in  St.  Louis,  Mo.  He  bore 
an  honorable  part  in  the  war  as  colonel  of  a  U.  S. 
rejnment.  He  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  Mis- 


EPIIRAIM     II.   E.   JAMESON*,   V>. T>. 

souri  Legislature,  and  being  re-elected,  filled  the 
Speaker's  chair  one  year. 

During  all  this  time  the  voice  of  conscience  was 
calling  him  to  his  real  life-work.  He  endeavored 
to  compromise  by  engaging  in  Sunday-school  and 
mission  efforts,  but  this  only  led  him  to  follow 
Christ  more  fully.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  in 
1874,  by  the  Park  Avenue  Baptist  church  of  St. 
Louis,  and  on  May  9,  1876,  he  was  publicly  or 
dained  to  the  ministry. 

Dr.  Jameson  was  chosen  pastor  of  the  First  Bap 
tist  church  of  Omaha,  Neb.,  Aug.  1,  187G.  He  still 
continues  in  that  office.  The  completion  of  their 
large  church  edifice  will  remain  for  years  a  monu 
ment  to  his  indefatigable  energy.  Shortly  after  his 
settlement  in  Nebraska  he  was  chosen  correspond 
ing  secretary  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention,  a 
position  which  he  still  holds,  and  in  which  he  has 
rendered  the  State  valuable  service.  In  June, 
1880,  he  received  from  Central  University,  Iowa, 
the  degree  of  D.I). 

Jameson,  Rev.  J.  D.,  late  pastor  at  Camden, 
Ark.,  was  born  in  Georgia  in  1850  ;  began  to  preach 
in  Columbia  Co.,  Ark.,  in  1870  ;  after  a  course  of 
study  at  Mississippi  College,  interrupted  by  bad 
health,  he  spent  one  year  in  the  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary  ;  was  successful  as  agent  of 
the  Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society  ;  as  pastor 


at  Mineral  Springs  and  at  Camden,  Ark. ;  at  present 
he  is  State  evangelist. 

Janes,  Col.  Absalom,  a  prominent,  consistent, 
and  efficient  member  of  the  Baptist  denomination 
in  Georgia,  was  born  in  Wilkes  County,  June  8, 
1796.  In  1839  he  took  up  his  residence  in  Penfield, 
where  he  dwelt  until  his  death,  Sept.  25,  1847. 

He  was  for  eleven  years  treasurer  of  the  Georgia 
Baptist  Convention,  and  managed  the  finances  of 
the  body  during  years  of  extreme  monetary  depres 
sion  with  remarkable  success.  He  was  a  trustee 
of  Mercer  Institute  until  it  became  Mercer  Univer 
sity,  and  until  his  death,  in  1847,  he  continued  to 
be  one  of  its  trustees.  In  sustaining  and  in  firmly 
establishing  these  two  institutions,  and  all  the 
other  benevolent  Baptist  enterprises  of  Georgia,  he 
was  an  active  and  most  efficient  co-laborer  with 
Mercer,  Mallary,  Stocks,  Sherwood,  Dawson, 
Thornton,  Battle,  Davis,  Campbell,  and  Walker. 
Col.  Janes  had  talents  of  a  high  order,  with  a 
strong,  active,  discriminating  intellect.  He  pos 
sessed  great  quickness  of  perception,  excellence 
of  judgment,  and  energy  of  character.  He  was 
liberal,  public-spirited,  and  philanthropic,  claiming 
and  receiving  nothing  for  his  services  while  treas 
urer  of  the  Convention.  In  practical  financial 
affairs  his  judgment  was  inferior  to  that  of  no  one. 
For. several  years  he  represented  Taliaferro  County 
in  the  State  senate,  and  in  1844  he  ran  against 
Hon.  A.  II.  Stephens  for  Congress,  and,  though 
defeated,  he  received  a  larger  vote  than  any  candi 
date  who  ever  opposed  A.  II.  Stephens.  Col. 
Janes  was  distinguished  for  unvarying  courtesy 
and  kindness  in  all  the  relations  of  life,  and  he  is 
justly  considered  one  of  the  chief  builders  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  Georgia. 

Japan,  Mission  to. — At  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  Missionary  Union  in  1872,  it  was  resolved  to 
accept  Rev.  N.  Brown,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Goble 
as  their  missionaries  to  Japan,  they  having  been 
in  the  employ  of  the  American  Baptist  Free  Mission 
Society.  These  brethren  returned  to  the  field  of 
labor  to  which  they  had  been  designated,  arriving  at 
Yokohama  in  February,  1873,  and  immediately  en 
tered  upon  their  work.  Mr.  Coble's  connection 
with  the  Union  continued  only  for  a  short  time. 
Rev.  J.  II.  Arthur  and  wife  were  appointed  as  mis 
sionaries  to  Japan  in  1873,  and  in  December  of  the 
same  year  Rev.  J.  T.  Doyen,  formerly  connected 
with  the  Episcopal  Church,  and  a  resident  of  Yoko 
hama,  was  also  appointed  as  a  missionary  of  the 
Union.  Dr.  Brown  entered,  very  soon  after  reach 
ing  the  field  of  his  labors,  upon  the  work  of  trans 
lating  the  Scriptures  into  Japanese,  and  in  1876 
was  able  to  report  good  progress  in  this  direction. 
From  January,  1875,  to  April,  1876,  there  had  been 
published  614,600  pages  of  various  translations,  in 
cluding  the  gospels  of  Matthew  and  Mark,  the 


JAR  MAN 


596 


JEFFREY 


Epistle  (if  James,  and  several  distinct  portions  of 
the  New  Testament,  as  the  parables,  the  sermon 
on  the  mount,  etc.,  and  other  religious  reading.  A 
new  missionary  station  was  commenced  in  Tokio 
(Yeddo)  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Arthur  in  1876.  Rev. 
F.  S.  Dobbins  and  wife  were  sent  out  by  the  Union 
in  October,  1876,  to  be  connected  with  Dr.  Brown. 
Mr.  Dobbins  was  obliged  to  return  to  this  country 
in  a  few  months,  on  account  of  the  sickness  of  his 
wife.  Mr.  Arthur,  one  of  the  most  promising  of 
all  the  missionaries  that  have  been  sent  to  the  for 
eign  field,  also,  was  compelled  to  retire  from  his 
labors,  and  sailed  for  California,  hoping  that  a 
jshort  respite  from  his  work  would  restore  his 
health.  He  died  at  Oakland,  Gal.,  Dec.  9,  1877. 
The  church  which  was  formed  by  him  in  Tokio 
had,  on  the  1st  of  January,  1878,  23  members. 
The  outlook  for  the  mission  in  Japan  is  favorable. 
Dr.  Brown  says  in  his  report  to  the  Executive  Com 
mittee,  "  here  are  33,000,000  of  people,  all  speaking 
the  same  language,  and  using  the  same  written 
characters."  Having  referred  to  the  fact  that  pre 
vious  translations  of  the  Bible  had  been  made  by 
those  who  were  not  favorable  to  Baptist  views, 
he  says,  "  We  marvel  that  Baptists  should  for  a 
moment  hesitate  as  to  the  duty  of  giving  this  people 
a  faithful  translation  of  the  New  Testament.  AVe 
have  printed,  within  the  last  three  years,  over 
1,000,000  pages  of  Scripture,  including  the  first 
three  gospels,  and  portions  of  the  Old  Testament." 

In  Yokohama  in  1880  there  were  7  male  and 
female  missionaries,  and  one  church  with  39  mem 
bers.  In  Tokio  there  were  5  missionaries,  one  man 
and  four  women,  and  one  church  with  37  mem. 
bers. 

Jarman,  Prof.  G.  W.,  A.M.,  was  born  May  14, 
1826,  in  Lawrence  Co.,  Ala.  lie  joined  the  Bap 
tist  church  in  1843  ;  graduated  at  La  Grange  Col 
lege,  Ala.,  in  1847.  Before  graduating  he  had 
employed  his  vacation  and  leisure  hours  in  studying 
medicine  with  a  view  of  becoming  a  physician. 
November,  1847,  he  was  elected  tutor  in  Union 
University,  Murfreesborough,  Tenn.,  and  com 
menced  teaching  January,  1848.  In  1850  was 
elected  Professor  of  Latin  in  Union  University,  and 
in  1855  the  professorship  of  Greek  was  added  to 
that  of  Latin.  He  succeeded  Rev.  Dr.  Jos.  II. 
Eaton  as  president  of  Union  University  in  I860; 
resigned  his  position  in  Union  University  in  1873, 
and  in  1874  was  elected  principal  of  the  South 
western  Baptist  University,  Jackson,  Tenn.  In 
1875  was  elected  Professor  of  Latin  and  Greek  in 
the  same  institution,  and  in  1876  was  elected  chair 
man  of  the  faculty,  which  position  he  now  holds. 
He  has  had  students  from  every  quarter  of  the 
globe,  and  those  who  have  attended  his  instruction 
number  many  thousands.  With  slight  intermis 
sions,  has  been  engaged  in  teaching  for  thirty-three 


years.  Prof.  Jarman  is  still  in  his  prime,  and  looks 
as  though  he  might  have  another  thirty  years  before 
him.  Thorough  in  scholarship,  skillful  in  disci 
pline,  dignified  in  bearing,  he  commands  the  re 
spect  and  esteem  of  his  students.  He  has  left  his 
impress  upon  great  numbers  who  now  occupy  the 
higher  walks  of  life  as  ministers,  lawyers,  physi 
cians,  teachers,  and  statesmen. 

The  Baptist  churches  of  Tennessee  and  the 
Southwest  are  greatly  indebted  to  this  veteran 
teacher  for  his  very  efficient  labors  in  their  behalf. 
His  name  will  be  forever  associated  with  the  edu 
cational  work  of  the  denomination  in  Tennessee, 
and  will  grow  brighter  and  brighter  as  his  labors 
and  sacrifices  become  better  known  in  their  far- 
reaching  influence. 

Jeffery,  Rev.  William,  was  born  at  Penhurst, 
England,  about  the  year  1616.  At  Seven-Oaks  he 
was  one  of  the  chief  supporters,  if  he  was  not  the 
founder,  of  the  Baptist  church.  Of  this  church, 
then  called  Bradburn,  he  became  the  pastor,  and 
under  his  zealous  labors  it  enjoyed  remarkable 
prosperity.  Mr.  Jeffery  preached  in  various  places 
in  the  county  of  Kent,  and  with  some  help  from 
others  was  instrumental  in  founding  more  than 
twenty  churches.  He  was  the  author  of  a  valuable 
work  called  "  The  Whole  Faith  of  Man,"  the  sec 
ond  edition  of  which  was  issued  in  1659.  lie  was 
a  gentle  but  steadfast  Christian,  and  a  very  decided 
Baptist,  never  inviting  controversy,  and  never  per 
mitting  his  heaven-born  principles  to  lack  a  de 
fender  while  he  could  wield  a  spiritual  weapon  to 
protect  them. 

Mr.  Jeffery  suffered  much  for  his  principles.  On 
one  occasion  the  magistrates  of  Seven-Oaks  arrested 
all  the  men  in  his  congregation  while  they  were  at 
worship,  and  kept  them  in  prison  an  entire  night. 
The  next  day  the  justices,  after  an  examination, 
dismissed  them.  They  returned  to  the  church  to 
thank  God  for  their  deliverance.  To  their  aston 
ishment,  as  they  entered  the  house  of  God,  they 
saw  the  women  there,  who,  from  the  time  of  their 
arrest,  had  continued  in  fasting  and  prayer  for  their 
release  until  their  supplications  were  visibly  and 
joyfully  answered.  Mr.  Jeffery  was  imprisoned 
after  the  restoration  of  Charles  II.,  and  subjected 
to  many  hardships. 

After  a  life  of  great  usefulness,  of  universal  be 
nevolence,  and  of  abundant  labors  and  sufferings. 
Mr.  Jeffery  rested  from  his  toils  in  a  good  old  age, 
and  he  was  succeeded  in  his  pastoral  office  by  his 
son,  the  Rev.  John  Jeffery. 

Jeffrey,  Reuben,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Leicester. 
England,  Feb.  15,  1827,  and  came  to  America  when 
ten  years  of  age  with  his  parents,  who  settled  in 
Geneva,  N.  Y.  He  was  graduated  from  Madison 
University  and  the  theological  seminary  connected 
with  it.  His  first  settlement  was  at  Nantucket, 


JENCKES 


597 


JENKINS 


where,  in  1847,  he  was  ordained  and  entered  on  a 
very  successful  ministry. 

He   has  filled   the   pastoral    office   in   the   First 
church  of  Albany,  N.  Y. ;  the  Fourth  church  in 


REUBEN    JEFFREY,   D.D. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.  ;  the  North  church  in  Chicago, 
111.  ;  and  the  Ninth  Street  church,  in  Cincinnati,  O. 
On  the  14th  of  December,  1873,  he  accepted  a  call 
to  the  Marcy  Avenue  church,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
It  was  a  new  and  feeble  organization,  with  about 
40  members,  meeting  in  a  chapel.  The  house 
very  soon  became  too  small  for  his  audiences.  A 
new  one  was  built,  and  that  also  in  a  few  months 
was  overflowing.  It  was  enlarged,  and  more  than 
a  thousand  people  filled  it  at  every  service.  The 
membership  has  increased  to  more  than  600,  the 
largest  portion  by  baptism.  Many  of  them  are 
among  the  most  substantial  people  in  that  section 
of  the  city.  His  friends  regard  this  as  the  most 
successful  work  of  his  life. 

Dr.  Jeffrey's  sermons  are  never  sensational.  He 
speaks  without  a  manuscript  or  notes,  yet  his  dis 
courses  are  delivered  with  ease,  force,  and  clearness. 
His  rhetoric  is  good  and  his  logic  conclusive.  He 
often  thrills  his  hearers  by  impassioned  bursts  of 
eloquence,  especially  when  presenting  the  great 
truths  of  the  gospel. 

Several  of  his  sermons  have  been  published. 
Recently  he  has  removed  to  Denver,  Col.,  where 
his  new  charge  are  building  a  spacious  house  of 
worship. 

Jenckes,  Gov.  Joseph,  was  born  in  Pawtucket, 
R.  I.,  in  1656.  His  grandfather,  of  the  same  name, 


was,  without  doubt,  in  the  company  of  emigrants 
who  came  from  England  in  1630,  under  the  leader 
ship  of  Gov.  AVinthrop.  The  father  of  Gov.  Jenckes 
is  supposed  to  have  taken  up  his  residence  in  Paw- 
tucket  about  the  year  1655.  He  was  a  blacksmith 
by  trade,  and  the  articles  of  his  manufacture  were 
in  ready  demand  in  the  section  of  the  country 
where  he  lived.  He  was  honored  and  respected  in 
the  colony,  and  filled  several  important  offices  of 
civil  trust.  Like  his  father,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  also  took  a  prominent  part  in  civil  affairs. 
As  early  as  1705  he  was  a  commissioner  to  aid  in 
the  settlement  of  the  perplexing  questions  which 
arose  about  the  boundary-line  between  Rhode 
Island  and  Massachusetts.  He  was  elected,  in  1715, 
deputy  governor  of  Rhode  Island,  and  was  in  office 
until  May,  1721.  Before  he  had  completed  his  term 
of  service  he  Avas  sent,  in  1720,  to  England  to 
bring  the  boundary  disputes  between  Rhode  Island 
as  the  one  party,  and  Connecticut  and  Massachu 
setts  as  the  other,  to  the  direct  notice  of  the  king. 
He  was  again  re-elected  deputy  governor  in  1722, 
and  continued  in  this  office  for  five  years,  making 
eleven  years  in  all  that  he  occupied  this  honorable 
position.  In  1727,  upon  the  death  of  Gov.  Crans 
ton,  who  had  been  in  office  for  the  long  period  of 
twenty-nine  years,  Mr.  Jenckes  was  chosen  as  his 
successor,  and  occupied  this  post  of  honor  for  five 
years.  During  a  large  part  of  this  time  Gov.  Jenckes 
resided,  by  the  special  request  of  the  General  As 
sembly,  in  Newport.  When  Gov.  Jenckes  com 
pleted  his  term  of  gubernatorial  service  he  was 
well  advanced  in  years.  He  is  said  to  have  been 
the  tallest  man  of  his  time  in  Rhode  Island,  stand 
ing  seven  feet  and  two  inches.  His  death  took 
place  June  15,  1740.  Gov.  Jenckes  was  a  decided 
Baptist.  Among  other  things  we  read  from  the 
inscription  that  was  placed  on  his  tombstone,  that 
"he  was  a  bright  example  of  virtue  in  every  stage 
of  life.  He  Avas  a  zealous  Christian,  a  wise  and 
prudent  governor,  grave,  sober,  beautiful  in  per 
son,  with  a  soul  truly  great,  heroic,  and  sweetly 
tempered." 

Jenkens,  Rev.  C.  A.,  was  born  in  Benton, 
Miss.,  Jan.  20,  1850;  educated  at  the  University 
of  Virginia;  taught  school  in  Virginia.  He  was  a 
layman  and  vestryman  of  the  Episcopal  Church  in 
1875,  when  he  was  baptized  by  Dr.  C.  Manly  in 
Staunton,  Va.  He  came  immediately  to  North 
Carolina,  and  took  charge  of  Warsaw  High  School, 
and  began  to  preach.  He  was  at  one  time  pastor 
of  Louisburg  church,  then  of  Franklinton,  and  now 
of  Oxford.  Mr.  Jenkens  edited  "  Baptist  Doc 
trines,"  published  in  St.  Louis  in  1880,  a  large  and 
valuable  work,  several  thousand  copies  of  which 
have  already  been  sold. 

Jenkins,  Charles  J.,  was  a  prominent  layman, 
for  many  years,  among  the  Baptists  of  Georgia. 


JKNKINS 


598 


JENKINS 


Ho  was  the  father  of  cx-Gov.  Cha.s.  J.  Jenkins  of 
that  State,  who  is  still  living.  He  was  born  in 
17X0,  hut  moved  from  Georgia  to  Beaufort  District, 
S.  0.,  in  1X04,  on  his  marriage  to  Miss  iSusan  Emily 
Kenny  of  that  State.  He  resided  in  Beaufort  Dis 
trict  until  tin;  spring  of  1815.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  .Jen 
kins  became  deeply  interested  in  the  subject  of  re 
ligion,  and  both  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at 
Beaufort. 

During  several  years  of  his  residence  in  South 
Carolina  Mr.  Jenkins  was  ordinary  of  Beaufort 
District,  an  office  then  in  the  gift  of  the  State  Legis 
lature,  and  always  most  carefully  bestowed  because 
of  its  great  importance. 

About  the  beginning  of  1816  Mr.  Jenkins  re 
moved  to  .Jefferson  Co.,  Ga.,  and  united  with  the 
Providence  Baptist  church,  on  Rocky  Comfort 
Creek,  twelve  miles  above  Louisville,  lie  after 
wards  resided  a  short  time  in  Washington  County, 
near  Fenn's  Bridge;  but,  about  the  beginning  of 
1819.  lie  removed  to  Madison  County,  where  he 
built  a  Baptist  house  of  worship  and  organized  a 
Baptist  church  near  his  residence.  In  October  of 
the  following  year,  during  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  Sarepta  Association,  at  Ruckersville,  Elbert 
Co.,  he,  as  clerk,  presented  the  following  resolu 
tion,  drawn  up  by  Rev.  Adiel  Sherwood,  D.I). : 

"  Resolved,  That  we  suggest  for  our  considera 
tion,  and  that  of  sister  Associations  in  this  State, 
the  propriety  of  organizing  a  general  meeting  of 
correspondence." 

The  resolution  was  adopted,  and  resulted  in  the 
formation  of  the  General  Association  on  the  27th 
of  June,  1X22,  at  Powelton,  which  name  was 
changed  to  the  Baptist  Convention  of  the  State 
of  Georgia  in  1828. 

In  1822,  Mr.  Jenkins  wras  appointed  surveyor 
and  collector  of  the  port  of  Apalachicola,  in  West 
Florida,  where  he  remained  three  years,  resigning 
and  returning  to  Georgia  on  account  of  his  depriva 
tion  of  church  privileges  in  Apalachicola.  lie  set 
tled  in  Jefferson  County,  where  he  had  formerly  re 
sided,  on  his  return  to  his  native  State,  and  there 
he  died,  in  July,  1828,  in  his  forty-ninth  year.  Mr. 
Jenkins  was  a  quiet,  unassuming  man,  very  useful, 
kind  and  benevolent  in  disposition,  and  of  the  strict 
est  integrity.  He  was  exceedingly  energetic  and 
liberal,  but  seldom  let  his  right  hand  know  what 
his  left  was  doing.  Ho  was  a  man  of  culture  and 
refinement.  He  never  sought  office-,  and  it  was 
only  because  he  positively  declined  that  he  was 
not  elected  State  senator  for  both  Jefferson  and 
Madison  Counties.  His  heart  was  in  his  religious 
denomination,  and,  outside  of  his  domestic  circle 
and  private  business  affairs,  all  his  efforts  and 
energies  were  devoted  to  extending  its  borders, 
and  widening  its  influence  and  power.  In  every 
community  in  which  he  dwelt  he  was  a  leading 


and  an  influential  man,  and  enjoyed  the  respect 
and  confidence  of  all  who  knew  him.  For  years 
he  was  clerk  of  the  Sarepta  Association,  and  took 
hold  of  religious  and  educational  measures  with  a 
strong  hand,  and  he  was  able  to  accomplish  much 
that  was  useful. 

Jenkins,  Rev.  Nathaniel,  was  born  in  Wales 

in  1678;  was  converted,  and  began  to  preach  in 
his  native  country.  He  settled  at  Cape  May, 
X.  J.,  in  1712,  and  became  the  founder  and  first 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Cape  May  Court-I louse, 
lie  continued  to  preside  over  this  church  until 
J7')0,  when  he  took  charge  of  Cohansey,  where  he 
died  in  1754.  His  talents  shone  both  in  the  church 
and  state,  lie  exemplified  his  belief  in  liberty  of 
conscience  on  an  important  occasion.  When  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Colonial  Legislature  of  New 
Jersey,  in  1721,  a  bill  was  introduced  to  punish  all 
who  denied  the  doctrine  of  the  Trinity,  Christ's  di 
vinity,  and  the  inspiration  of  the  Scriptures.  He 
could  not  be  persuaded  to  vote  for  it,  but,  rising  in 
his  place,  said,  among  other  things,  with  Welsh 
warmth  and  eloquence,  "  I  believe  the  doctrines  in 
question  as  firmly  as  the  promoters  of  that  ill-de 
signed  bill ;  but  will  never  consent  to  oppose  the 
opposers  with  law,  or  any  other  weapon  save  that 
of  argument.''  The  bill  was  defeated. 

Jenkins,  Samuel,  was  born  in  Wales,  Feb.  12. 
1789.  At  the  age  of  six  he  was  able  to  read  in 
Welsh,  and  he  loved  to  read  the  Bible.  In  ixnl 
his  parents  came  to  Philadelphia,  and  in  1804  he 
joined  the  Welsh  Calvinistical  church  in  that  city, 
of  which  his  father  was  pastor.  Having  settled  in 
the  Great  Valley,  Chester  County,  he  was  hapti/.ed. 
and  united  with  the  church  in  that  place  in  IX It). 
and  from  that  time  to  the  day  of  his  death  he  was 
a  thorough  Baptist. 

Mr.  Jenkins  possessed  a  wonderful  memory,  and 
his  knowledge  of  Welsh  history  was  remarkable. 
He  wrote  much  for  the  press.  In  1852  he  pub 
lished  a  work  entitled  "  Letters  on  Welsh  History," 
which  exhibited  a  thorough  acquaintance  with  the 
records  of  that  ancient  people.  He  died  Sept.  12. 

1871. 

Mr.  Jenkins  was  a  good  man.  a  sincere  Chris 
tian,  and  a  friend  to  every  worthy  cause. 

Jenkins,  Rev.  S.  G.,  a  native  of  Georgia,  was 
ordained  in  that  State  by  Elders  Sanders,  Lump- 
kin,  Thornton,  and  Ilillyer.  In  1832  he  removed 
to  Mississippi,  where  he  successfully  served  churches 
for  some  years.  In  1840  he  came  to  Alabama  and 
settled  on  the  picturesque  spot  where  he  now  re 
sides,  in  Talladega  County.  Soon  he  planted  a 
number  of  churches.  Has  been  pastor  of  Antioch 
and  Cold  Water  churches,  respectively,  thirty-nine 
years,  and  has  baptized  1006  members  at  these  two 
churches,  many  of  them  from  other  denominations. 
He  has  been  abundant  in  labors  and  success.  He 


JKiVKS 


599 


has  baptized  13  households  and  22  men  who  en 
tered  the  ministry.  He  has  always  been  a  farmer, 
and  before  the  late  war  was  in  good  worldly  cir 
cumstances.  Has  constantly  been  a  fearless  gospel 
preacher.  Has  reared  an  interesting  family ;  is 
about  seventy  years  old,  and  now  often  rides  forty 
miles  in  a  day,  and  preaches  three  sermons. 

Jenks,  Prof.  John  W.  P.,  was  born  in  West 
Boylston,  Mass.,  May  1,  1819.  lie  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  the  class  of  1838.  On  leaving 
college  he  went  to  Georgia,  where  he  taught  four 
years,  for  a  part  of  the  time  acting  as  colleague  of 
Rev.  Jesse  Mercer,  D.D.,  in  the  last  year  of  his  life 
in  Washington,  Wilkes  Co.,  Ga.  In  1842  he  be 
came  the  principal  of  the  Peirce  Academy,  in  Mid- 
dleborough,  and  continued  in  that  relation  twenty- 
nine  years.  During  his  administration  the  academy 
rose  to  a  high  rank  among  the  best  institutions  of 
its  kind  in  New  England.  In  1872  he  was  elected 
Professor  of  Agricultural  Zoology  and  curator  of 
the  Museum  of  Natural  History  in  Brown  Uni 
versity,  which  position  he  now  holds.  By  his  un 
tiring  efforts  Prof.  Jenks  has  brought  his  special 
department  into  a  condition  far  in  advance  of  what 
it  was  when  he  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  pro 
fessorship.  Brown  University  has  a  museum  of 
natural  history  of  which  it  may  justly  be  proud. 

Jennings,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Danbury, 
Conn.,  Dec.  8,  1809 ;  was  hopefully  converted  at  the 
age  of  fourteen,  and  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  church  in  the  place  where  he  had  passed  his 
youthful  days.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  when  he 
was  but  seventeen  years  of  age,  June  17,  1826.  lie 
entered  upon  a  course  of  preparatory  study,  and 
without,  going  through  college,  he  graduated  at  the 
Newton  Theological  Institution  in  the  class  of 
1834.  He  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in 
Beverly,  Mass.,  Sept.  15,  1834,  remaining  here  for 
two  years,  and  then  settling  at  Grafton,  where  he 
continued  for  six  years,  at  the  end  of  which  period 
he  was  called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  newly  organ 
ized  Second  Baptist  church  in  Worcester,  Mass. 
He  commenced  his  labors  here  in  March,  1842,  and 
continued  in  this  pastorate  for  eight  years.  For 
some  time  he  was  in  the  service  of  the  American 
Tract  Society.  In  1852  he  became  the  pastor  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  Fitchburg,  Mass.,  where  he 
remained  until  1859,  when  he  was  invited  toWoon- 
socket,  11.  I.,  and  labored  there  three  and  a  half 
years.  His  last  settlement  was  in  Westfield, 
Mass.,  where  he  continued  seven  and  a  half  years, 
when  his  failing  health  obliged  him  to  resign,  and 
he  moved  to  Auburndale,  Mass.,  where  he  died, 
June  26,  1871.  An  appreciative  notice  of  this  wor 
thy  minister  of  Christ,  written  by  his  friend,  Rev. 
W.  C.  Richards,  says  of  him,  "Few  men  have  lived 
more  respected  and  beloved  as  a  Christian  man 
and  a  Christian  minister  by  all  who  knew  his  vir 


tues  and  piety.  He  leaves  a  clean  record ;  his  life 
was  a  success." 

Jerome,  Rev.  Edward  Miles,  son  of  Chauncey 
and  Salome  (Smith)  Jerome,  was  born  in  Bristol, 
Conn.,  June  15,  182G-,  removed  to  New  Haven  in 
1843;  graduated  from  Yale  College  in  1850:  con 
verted  when  a  Sophomore,  and  united  Avith  Third 
Congregational  church  in  New  Haven  ;  studied  in 
Yale  Law-School  and  in  Baltimore.  Md. ;  received 
LL.B.  in  1852,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  ;  man 
ager  of  his  father's  business  in  New  York  ;  became 
a  Baptist ;  baptized  by  Rev.  11.  Turnbull.  D.D.,  and 
united  with  First  Baptist  church  in  Hartford,  Conn., 
in  1856  ;  licensed  by  that  church  and  studied  the 
ology  ;  ordained,  in  1859.  as  an  evangelist  in  llol- 
yoke,  Mass. :  supplied  First  Baptist  church  in  New 
Haven,  Conn.  ;  in  1801  settled  as  pastor  in  North 
ampton,  Mass.  ;  in  1862  settled  with  church  in 
West  Meriden,  Conn.,  arid  remained  four  years, 
till  disabled  by  throat  affection  ;  preached  in  New 
Haven  occasionally  ;  in  1869  settled  in  Westfield. 
Mass.,  but  health  again  failed  ;  in  1871  established 
the  Naugatuck  Valley  Sentinel  in  Ansonia,  Conn.  : 
aided  in  gathering  there  a  Baptist  church,  of  which 
he  became  pastor;  served  as  Sunday-school  mis 
sionary  of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  ;  in  1879 
returned  as  associate  editor  of  the  Sentinel  in  An 
sonia ;  in  April  of  present  year  (1880)  became  pro 
prietor  and  editor  of  The  Shore  Line  Times,  in  New 
Haven  ;  good  preacher  and  ready  writer. 

Jesse,  Rev.  John  Samuel,  one  of  the  most  in 
fluential  young  pastors  in  the  Sacramento  River 
Association,  is  located  at  Biggs  Station,  Cal.  He 
was  born  in  Missouri,  Nov.  4,  1852.  His  father, 
W.  M.  Jesse,  of  Virginia,  and  five  relatives  were 
ministers.  He  was  immersed  in  1870;  received  a 
good  education  at  Mount  Pleasant  College  and  the 
schools  in  Missouri  ;  entered  the  ministry  by  license 
in  1873  ;  was  ordained  in  October,  1874.  His  preach 
ing  for  three  years  in  Missouri  was  greatly  blessed. 
In  1877  he  went  to  California,  preached  for  a  time 
for  the  Sutter  and  Calaveras  churches,  and  in  187S 
became  pastor  at  Biggs  Station,  and  he  is  also 
giving  pastoral  aid  to  the  Virginia  and  Wheatlaml 
churches.  He  is  a  fine  writer  and  liberal  contrib 
utor  to  the  religious  press. 

Jessey,  Rev.  Henry,  A.M.,  Avas  born  at  West 
Ron  ton,  Yorkshire,  England,  Sept.  3,  1601.  When 
he  was  seventeen  years  of  age  he  entered  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  in  which  he  continued  six 
years.  In  his  twenty-first  year,  while  still  at  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  the  Spirit  of  God  gave 
him  a  new  heart,  and  a  blessed  hope  through  the 
Saviour's  blood. 

After  leaving  Cambridge  he  became  a  chaplain 
in  the  family  of  Mr.  Brampton  Gordon,  of  Assing- 
ton,  Suffolk,  for  nine  years,  during  Avhich  he  ad 
vanced  rapidly  in  such  knowledge  asAvould  qualify 


JESSEY 


GOO 


JETER 


him  for  his  holy  calling.  In  1627  he  received  epis 
copal  ordination,  and  in  1633  he  was  appointed 
rector  of  Aughton,  Yorkshire.  In  1637  he  became 
pastor  of  a  Congregational  church  in  London,  in 


REV.    IIEXKV    JESSEY,    A.M. 

which  his  labors  were  greatly  blessed.  But  his 
church  was  repeatedly  invaded  and  robbed  by  Bap 
tist  principles.  In  1638  "six  persons  of  note'' 
were  carried  off;  in  1641  a  greater  number  still; 
and  in  1643  the  departing  members  were  more  nu 
merous  than  ever.  Many  of  those  who  joined  the 
Baptists  were  persons  of  superior  intelligence  and 
piety.  Mr.  Jessey  was  forced  to  examine  the 
Scriptures  about  the  mode  of  baptism,  and  the  re 
sult  of  his  investigations  was  that  immersion  was 
the  inspired  mode  of  baptism,  and  that  sprinkling 
was  a  modern  innovation.  From  that  time  forward 
for  two  or  three  years  he  always  dipped  children 
when  he  administered  baptism.  In  1645,  after  an 
anxious  examination  of  the  subjects  of  baptism, 
and  after  earnest  appeals  to  heaven  for  divine  light, 
he  became  decided  in  the  conviction  that  only  be 
lievers  should  be  baptized,  and  in  the  June  of  that 
year  he  was  immersed  by  Hanserd  Knollys.  He 
was  pastor  for  many  years  of  the  church  meeting 
in  Swan  Alley,  Coleman  Street,  London.  He  was 
one  of  the  Triers  appointed  by  Cromwell  to  examine 
candidates  for  the  ministry  in  the  national  church, 
and  to  investigate  the  character  and  claims  of 
"ignorant  and  scandalous  ministers"  with  a  view 
to  their  expulsion  from  the  pulpits  of  the  state 
church.  He  was  rector  of  St.  George's  church, 
Southwark,  London,  and  pastor  of  a  Baptist  church 


in  the  same  city.  In  the  morning  of  the  Lord's  day 
he  preached  at  St.  George's  church,  and  in  the  after 
noon  he  was  among  his  own  people.  lie  was  a 
man  of  great  learning  ;  he  had  an  extensive  knowl 
edge  of  Greek,  Hebrew,  Syriac,  and  Chaldee.  It 
was  the  ambition  and  labor  of  his  life  to  produce  a 
new  translation  of  the  Scriptures,  which  was  about 
completed  when  the  restoration  of  Charles  II. 
poured  a  deluge  of  evils  over  the  Non-Conformists 
of  that  country,  and  made  worthless  the  labors  of 
Mr.  Jessey  in  revising  the  Scriptures.  He  was  a 
man  of  boundless  charity  ;  he  even  employed  ef 
forts  to  send  money  to  the  poor  Jews  of  Jerusalem 
to  preserve  them  from  threatened  slavery. 

His  labors  were  unremitting,  and  they  were  at 
tended  with  great  success.  He  was  the  author  of 
eight  published  works,  and  with  some  help  from 
Mr.  How,  Professor  of  Hebrew  in  Aberdeen,  he  was 
the  author  of  a  revised  and  unpublished  version  of 
the  Scriptures.  His  literary  labors  were  highly 
appreciated  and  widely  known.  His  character  was 
marked  by  unselfishness  and  an  intense  love  for 
the  truth  and  its  Divine  Author. 

By  the  cruel  Act  of  Uniformity  he  was  ejected 
from  St.  George's  church,  Southwark,  and  soon 
after,  through  his  zeal  for  the  Saviour,  he  was  cast 
into  prison,  where  he  died  Sept.  4,  1663,  full  of 
peace,  humility,  and  hope. 

At  his  funeral,  three  days  after  his  death,  sev 
eral  thousand  pious  persons  of  various  denomina 
tions  attended,  whose  manifest  grief  showed  the 
great  esteem  in  which  Mr.  Jessey  was  held. 

Jeter,  Jeremiah  Bell,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Bed 
ford  Co.,  Ya.,  July  18,  1802.  He  was  baptized  on 
the  first  Sunday  in  December,  1821,  by  the  Rev. 
AYm.  Harris,  in  the  North  Fork  of  the  Otter  River. 
His  first  public  address  was  made  on  the  banks  of 
this  stream,  in  coming  out  of  it,  on  the  occasion  of 
his  baptism.  On  the  evening  of  the  loth  of  Jan 
uary  of  the  same  year  he  preached  his  first  sermon 
to  a  small  congregation  of  mountaineers  in  the 
gorge  between  the  Flat  Top  and  Luck  Mountains, 
in  Bedford  County.  He  was  present  at  the  organ 
ization  of  the  Baptist  General  Association  of  Yir- 
ginia  in  1823,  was  the  first  missionary  appointed 
by  that  body,  and  the  last  survivor  of  the  men  who 
formed  it.  On  the  4th  of  May,  1824,  he  was  or 
dained  to  the  work  of  the  ministry  at  High  Hills 
church,  Sussex  Co.,  by  the  Revs.  N.  Chambliss  and 
J.  D.  Williams,  for  the  former  of  whom  he  acted  as 
assistant.  Leaving  Sussex  in  the  spring  of  1826, 
his  first  pastorate  was  with  Hills  Creek  and  Union 
Hill  churches,  Campbell  Co.  In  the  autumn  of 
1827  he  removed  to  the  Northern  Neck  of  Yirginia. 
where  he  was  installed  pastor  of  Moratico  church 
in  Lancaster  Co.,  and  subsequently  of  Wicomico 
church  in  Northumberland  Co.  His  ministry  was 
eminently  successful  in  this  field  of  labor,  ho  having 


JETER 


601 


JEWELL 


baptized  over  one  thousand  persons  in  about  nine 
years. 

In  the  latter  part  of  1835  he  became  pastor  of 
the  First  Baptist  church,  Richmond,  Va.,  and  was 


JEREMIAH    J1EI.L    JETER,    U.D. 

for  nearly  fourteen  years  its  faithful  and  successful 
leader,  baptizing  into  its  fellowship  nearly  1000 
converts,  among  whom  wen;  the  Rev.  Dr.  Garlick, 
of  Richmond,  and  the  Rev.  I>r.  Henson,  of  Phila 
delphia.  During  his  pastorate  the  First  church 
built  the  house  of  worship  which  it  now  occupies, 
and  organized  its  colored  membership  of  2000  into 
the  First  African  church  of  Richmond,  since  so 
well  known  for  its  large  congregations,  its  efficient 
church  regulations,  and  its  excellent  singing.  The 
latter  church  was  put  into  possession  of  the  old 
house  of  worship  at  the  corner  of  Broad  and  Col 
lege  streets. 

In  October  of  1849,  Dr.  Jeter  was  invited  to  the 
pastorate  of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  St.  Louis. 
lie  remained  here  three  years,  baptized  150  per 
sons,  and  was  instrumental  in  organizing  two  other 
churches  in  that  city.  In  September  of  1852  he  re 
turned  to  Richmond,  and  became  pastor  of  the  Grace 
Street  Baptistchurch,  whose  membership  was  nearly 
doubled  during  his  ministry,  having  increased  from 
322  to  GOO.  About  the  close  of  the  war  he  became 
the  senior  editor  of  the  Religious  Herald,  and  con 
tinued  until  his  death,  Feb.  18,  1880,  to  furnish  for 
its  columns  the  mature  gleanings  of  his  long,  rich. 
arid  varied  experience. 

As  preacher  and  pastor,  Dr.  Jeter  was  remark 
ably  successful.     His  form  was  commanding,  his 
39 


face  intellectual,  and  his  eye  expressive,  all  which 
secured  for  him  marked  advantages  as  a  speaker. 
The  interest  of  his  preaching  consisted  in  the 
earnest  simplicity  with  which  he  presented  and  en 
forced  the  great  truths  of  the  gospel.  lie  con 
stantly  aimed  to  establish  from  the  Word  of  God 
SOUK;  great  doctrine,  or  to  enforce  some  practical 
duty  in  gospel  ethics.  As  a  pastor,  he  was  kind, 
genial,  and  gentle,  welcomed  alike  by  old  and 
young,  rich  and  poor,  learned  and  ignorant.  In 
the  large  deliberative  assemblies  of  the  denomina 
tion.  Dr.  Jeter  always  occupied  a  prominent  place. 
As  a  debater,  he  was  ready,  self-possessed,  court 
eous,  wisely  conservative,  added  to  which  qualities 
were  a  force  and  ability  that  won  universal  atten 
tion. 

Dr.  Jeter  was  quite  successful  as  an  author.  In 
1837  he  published  the  "Life  of  the  Rev.  A.  W. 
Clopton":  in  1845,  "A  Memoir  of  Mrs.  Schuck, 
Missionary  to  China';  in  1850,  the  "Life  of  the 
Rev.  Andrew  Broaddus"  ;  in  1854,  "  Campbellism 
Examined,"  which  work  won  for  him  a  wide  repu 
tation  as  a  skillful  polemic,  and  subsequently 
"Campbellism  Re-examined'1;  in  1858,  "The 
Christian  Mirror"  ;  in  1871,  "  The  Seal  of  Heaven" 
and  "The  Life  of  the  Rev.  Daniel  Witt,"  besides 
numerous  tracts,  sermons,  addresses,  and  other 
works  of  minor  importance.  His  writings  were  all 
characterized  by  that  clearness  and  vigor,  as  well 
as  that  chivalrous  courtesy,  which  won  the  regard 
of  the  most  persistent  opponents,  and  gained  for 
him  as  a  writer  so  wide  a  reputation. 

Dr.  Jeter  was  equally  successful  as  an  editor. 
For  fourteen  years  the  Religious  Herald  has  been 
the  medium  of  conveying  his  sage  counsels,  evan 
gelical  opinions,  and  earnest  Christian  appeals  in 
behalf  of  everything  noble,  just,  and  good  into 
thousands  of  Christian  families.  He  displayed  an 
excellent  judgment  and  discrimination  in  selecting 
topics  at  once  of  genuine  importance  and  yet  of 
general  interest. 

Dr.  Jeter  also  preserved  an  abiding  and  growing 
interest  in  all  the  great  denominational  movements 
of  the  day.  Missions,  education,  a  more  thoroughly 
equipped  ministry,  higher  schools  for  young  women, 
reformatory  movements,  with  kindred  plans  for  the 
well-being  of  men  and  women,  and  the  conversion 
of  the  world,  always  received  his  most  cordial  sup 
port.  A  long  life  was  devoted  to  the  cause  of 
Christ  and  the  good  of  the  world,  and  it  was  as 
spotless  to  its  protracted  close  as  the  perfect  azure 
of  a  sunset  necked  by  no  single  cloud.  "  No  one 
who  knew  Dr.  Jeter  would  hesitate  to  put  him 
among  the  aristocracy  of  the  world.  As  a  preacher, 
a  pastor,  an  editor,  a  citizen,  a  Christian,  he  lived 
up  to  the  measure  of  developed  faculties,  and  was 
an  Israelite  in  whom  there  was  no  guile." 

Jewell,  William,  M.D.,  was  born  near  Alex- 


JEWETT 


andria,  Va.,  -Ian.  1,  1779;  removed  with  his  father 
to   Kentucky   in    1SOO;    graduated   from  Transyl 
vania  University  witli  the  degree  of  M.I).     In  1820  | 
he  came  to  Missouri,  and  settled  permanently  in  ] 
Columbia.      He    united    with    the    Bonne    Femme 
Baptist  church.      He  had  a  capacious  and  acquisi 
tive  mind,  and  a  fixed  purpose  to  excel  in  his  pro 
fession.       His   library   was   large  and   choice,   and 
his  practice  was  extensive.     He  was  familiar  with 
learned  medical  authors  of  all  lands,     lie  took  a 
deep  interest  in  his  patients,  and  when  his  medical 
skill  failed,  he  pointed  them  to  the   heavenly  phy 
sician,     lie  attained  great  eminence  as  a  medical 
practitioner,  citizen,  and  Christian.     His  gifts  of 
more  than  §17,000  to  the  Baptist  college  at  Lib 
erty   gave   it  the   name    of   William  Jewell.      He 
superintended  the  erection  of  the  college  buildings, 
and  at  his  death  bequeathed  his  library  and  $3000 
to  the  institution,     lie  gave  nearly  half  his  prop 
erty  to  benevolent  objects,     lie  died  in  Liberty, 
Clay  Co.,  Aug.  7,   1852.     lie  gave  SI 800  to  the 
State   University,  at  Columbia,     He    often  repre 
sented  Boone  County  in  the  State  Legislature.     He 
was  a  zealous  student  of  the  Bible.     His  religion 
was  manifest  at  home,  and  in  his  professional  ex 
perience,  as  well  as  in  public  worship.     His  death 
was  deeply  mourned,  and  deserved  eulogies  wrere 
pronounced  over  his  Christian  life. 

Jewett,  Lyman,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Waterford, 
Me.,  March  9,  1813.     He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown 
University  and  of  the  Newton  Theological  Institu 
tion.     He  served  for  some  time  as  a  supply  of  the 
Baptist  church  in  Webster,  Mass.      His  appoint 
ment  as  a  missionary  to  the  foreign  field  was  made 
in   1847,  and  he  was  ordained  to  the  work  of  the 
ministry  in  Boston,  Oct.  6,  1848.    Sailing  a  few  days 
after  for   the  East,  he  reached   Nellore,  April  16, 
1849.     For  somewhat  more  than  three   years  the 
mission  had  been  without  American  helpers.      Mr 
Jewett  found,  at  first,  many  things  that  were  dis 
couraging,  but  he  addressed  himself  to  his  work 
with  zeal,  preaching  his  first  regular  Teloogoo  scr 
mon   in  the  chapel  Dec.  3,   1849.     As  he  became 
more  familiar  with  the  language  his  ability  to  be 
useful  increased,  and  his  contact  with  the  heathen 
was   closer.      Weeks  and   months    passed    in   the 
usual  routine  of  missionary  labor.     We  learn  from 
the  report  of  1852  that  there  was  preaching  in  the 
chapel  twice  every  Sabbath,  the  attendance  varying 
from  40  to   150  persons.     Considerable  audiences 
were  collected  to  listen  to  street  preaching.    Visitors 
calling  at  the  mission  house  for  instruction   often 
received  spiritual,  benefit.     Excursions  were  made 
by   Mr.   Jewett   to   the    neighboring  villages  and 
hamlets,  and  sometimes  great  crowds  thronged  to 
hear  the  Word,  and  receive   Bibles  and   religious 
tracts.     But  while  Mr.  Jewett  and  his  co-laborers 
were,  encouraged  by  these  signs  of  outward  success, 


2  JEWETT 

and  felt  that  could  the  mission  be  well  reinforced 
and  evangelical  agencies  plied  with  zeal,  the  best 
results  would  be  secured,  it  was  evident  that  many 
of  the  friends  of  missions  at  home  were  begin- 
niii"-  to  think  that  the  Teloogoo  Mission  was  not 


a  successful  one.     The  whole  matter  was  submitted 
to  the  Missionary  Union  in  1853,  and  it  was  decided 
to  continue  to  carry  on  the  mission.     The  departure 
Mr.   Day  from   Nellore  early  in   1853  left  Mr. 
Jewett  the  only  American  male  missionary  on  the 
field.     With  what  courage  and  hope  he  prosecuted 
lis  work  appears  from  his  own  words,  written  Nov. 
5,  1854:   "The  last  month  has  been  one  of  constant 
labor  in  preaching    the    gospel.     I   am    earnestly 
looking    for    fruit.     I    feel    in    my   soul    that   our 
labors  will  not  be  in  vain."     Again  he  writes  with 
almost  prophetic  vision  of  the  glorious  ingathering 
of  the  harvests  of  souls  which  has  been  lately  wit 
nessed  :   "  For  the  last  few  months  I  have  felt  more 
than  ever  not  only  the  importance  of  the  mission,  but 
the  certainty  of  accomplishing,  in  the  Lord's  good 
time,  a  great  and  glorious  work  for  this  people." 
Before  this  vision  became   a  reality   the  faith   of 
Mr.  Jewett  was  often  and  most  severely  tried.    Rev. 
F.  A.  Douglass  joined  Mr.  Jewett,  April  14,  1855, 
and  the  mission,  thus  reinforced,  continued  to  en 
joy  a  good  degree  of  prosperity.     In  1859  an  in 
creased    interest   in   religion    was    reported.      Mr. 
Jewett  visited  Ongole  to  see  for  himself  what  pros 
pect  of  success  there  was  in  that  place.     In  March, 
1861,  such  was  the  state  of  his  health  that  it  was 
thought  best  that  he  should  return  to  the  United 
States  and   obtain  needed   rest  and  recuperation. 
He  remained  here  until  November,  1864,  when  he 
sailed  the  second  time,  and  arrived  at  Nellore,  April 
22,  1865.     He   at  once   resumed  his  labors.     Mr. 
Timpany  became  associated  with  him  in  missionary 
work  in  April,  1868.     A  part  of  the   time  of  Dr. 
Jewett  was  occupied  in   the   work  of  translating 
the  Bible  into  the  Teloogoo  language.     In  1875  he 
was  again  in  his  native  country  for  the  restoration 
of  his  wasted   strength.     He  has  returned  to  the 
scene  of  his  labors,  where  he  is  now  actively  en- 
ca^ed   in  the  service  of  him  whose  cause  lies  so 
near  his  heart. 

Jewett,  Prof.  Milo  P.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 
Johnsbury,  Vt,,  April  27,  1808.  His  father.  Cal 
vin  Jewett,  was  an  eminent  physician  of  Johns- 
bury,  and  his  mother  was  a  highly  cultivated  lady. 
Milo  was  prepared  for  college  at  the  Bradford 
Academy,  Vt.,  and  graduated  from  Dartmouth 
College  in  the  class  of  1828.  Upon  his  graduation 
he  became  principal  of  Holmes  Academy  at  Plym 
outh,  N.  II.  Having  the  law  in  view  as  a  pro 
fession,  he  spent  a  part  of  that  year  and  of  the  fol 
lowing  year  in  the  office  of  Hon.  Josiah  Quincy,  of 
Rumney,  N.  II.  Abandoning  the  law  in  1830,  he 
entered  the  theological  seminary  at  Andover,  com- 


JEWETT 


003 


JOHNSON 


pleting  the  course  of  study.     Mr.  Jewett,  upon  the 
invitation  of  Josiah  Ilolbrook,  of  Boston,  founder 
of  the  American  lyceum   system,   spent   his  vaca 
tions  during  his  theological  course  in  lecturing  in 
New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  and  Connecticut 
on    "Common   .Schools.''      He   had   had  much  suc 
cess  in  teaching,  and  his  soul  was  full  of  his  sub 
ject, — a  higher  grade  of  common-school  education 
for    the    masses.      His    addresses    on   this    subject 
are  believed  to   have   been   the   first  of  a  popular 
character  delivered  in  the  country.     They  created 
extensive  interest  in  the  subject   among  our  best 
educators.     Through  J.  Orville  Taylor,  a  fellow- 
student  of  Mr.  Jewett,   who  became  interested  in 
the  matter,  a  movement  was  started  in  New  York 
City,  which  resulted  in   the  establishment  of  the 
present  common-school  system  of  the  Empire  State. 
Having  decided  that  teaching  and  not  preaching 
was  the  work  for  which  God  had  fitted  him,  and  in 
which  he  had  already  given  him  marked  success, 
Mr.  Jewett  devoted  himself  to  that  profession,  and 
in  1884  accepted  a  professorship  in  Marietta  Col 
lege,  Marietta,  0.,  just  then  founded.     Before  en 
tering  upon  the  active  duties  of  his  chair  he  spent 
some  time  among  the  Congregational  churches  of 
New  England  in  soliciting  funds  for  the   college. 
He  based  his  plea  on  "  the  perils  which  threaten 
our  civil  and  religious  liberties  from  the  progress 
of  Roman  Catholicism  in  the  Mississippi  Valley." 
His  addresses  awakened  a  deep  interest,  and  made 
the  raising  of  funds  an  easy  task.     In  1830,  Mr. 
Jewett  was  associated  with   Prof.  Calvin  E.  Stowe 
and  William   E.  Lewis  by  the   State   Educational 
Convention  of  Ohio  to  urge  upon  the  Legislature 
the  establishment  of  a  new  common-school  system. 
He  not  only   accomplished  his   object,   but  much 
more.     Prof.  Calvin  Stowe  went  to  Europe,  under 
the  direction  of  the  State,  to  investigate  the  best 
school  systems  there,  and  Wm.  E.  Lewis  became  the 
first  State  superintendent  of  public  schools  in  Ohio. 
But  this  was  not  all.     His  report  on  the  subject 
created  the  deepest  interest  over  the  country,  and 
resulted   in  the    special   educational    mission    and 
work  of  Horace  Mann  in  New  England. 

In  January,  1839,  having  changed  his  views  on 
baptism,  and  united  with  the  Baptist  Church,  Prof. 
Jewett  resigned  his  professorship  in  Marietta  Col 
lege,  and,  going  South,  he  established  the  Judson 
Female  Institute  in  Marion,  Ala.  It  soon  became 
the  most  flourishing  educational  institution  for 
ladies  in  the  South.  In  connection  with  this  school 
he  established  the  Alabama  Baptist,  which  became 
the  Baptist  organ  of  the  State.  In  the  autumn  of 
1855  he  returned  North,  and  purchased  the  Cottage 
Hill  Seminary  at  Poughkeepsic,  N.  Y.  Here  he 
first  met  with  Mr.  Matthew  Vassar.  Their  acquaint 
ance  ripened  into  friendship.  Prof.  Jewett  found 
that  Mr.  Vassar  proposed  to  leave  his  large  fortune 


for  benevolent  purposes.  He  suggested  to  him  the 
founding  of  a  thoroughly  furnished  and  endowed 
college  for  young  women  during  his  own  life.  It 
met  with  Mr.  Vassar's  approval.  He  changed  his 
will,  in  which  he  had  left  his  property  for  another 
|  object,  and  turned  his  attention  to  this  new  pur 
pose.  Thus  originated  Vassar  College.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1801.  Prof.  Jewett  was  the  ad 
viser  of  Mr.  Vassar  in  everything  relating  to  the 
establishment  of  the  college,  and  was  its  first  pres 
ident.  In  1802,  at  the  request  of  the  trustees,  he 
visited  Europe  to  inspect  the  universities,  libraries, 
art-galleries,  etc.,  in  Great  Britain  and  on  the  Con 
tinent  to  obtain  information  about  the  best  educa 
tional  systems  in  the  old  world,  that  Vassar  might 
have  the  benefit  of  his  observations  and  experience. 
In  1804,  having  almost  entirely  lost  the  sight  of 
his  eyes,  he  resigned  the  presidency  of  the  college, 
to  the  great  regret  of  Mr.  Vassar  and  the  board, 
and  in  1807  he  removed  to  his  present  home  in 
Milwaukee.  Prof.  Jewett  devotes  himself  to  the 
interests  of  education,  philanthropy,  and  religion. 
He  is  held  in  high  esteem  in  the  First  Baptist 
church,  of  which  he  is  a  member.  He  is  the  pres 
ident  of  Milwaukee  Female  College,  though  not 
required  to  teach,  chairman  of  the  board  of  visitors 
of  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  president  of  Mil 
waukee  board  of  health,  president  of  the  Wisconsin 
State  Temperance  Society,  president  of  the  Mil 
waukee  County  Bible  Society,  and  chairman  of  the 
State  Baptist  Educational  Commission. 

Prof.  Jewett  is  a  man  of  extensive  literary  at 
tainments,  and  in  addition  to  occasional  articles  in 
newspapers  and  magazines,  has  written  several 
publications  of  marked  character.  In  1840  he  pub 
lished  "Jewett  on  Baptism"  ;  in  1803,  "Report  of 
•  the  President's  Visit  to  Europe"  and  "Report  on 
the  Organization  of  Vassar  College"  ;  in  1874, 
"  Relation  of  Boards  of  Health  to  Intemperance"  ; 
in  1875,  "A  Plea  for  Academies"  ;  and  the  same 
year,  "  The  Model  Academy." 

Prof.  Jewett,  although  never  engaged  in  the  active 
work  of  the  ministry,  received  ordination  at  the 
hands  of  a  council  called  by  the  Siloam  Baptist 
church  of  Marion,  Ala.,  in  1839.  He  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  Rochester  University  in  1801. 
He  takes  a  very  deep  interest  in  everything  per 
taining  to  the  growth  of  the  Baptist  denomination, 
especially  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin.  His  efforts 
for  the  more  thorough  establishment  of  Wayland 
Academy  have  been  of  the  highest  value.  He  is 
an  active  member  of  its  board,  and  contributes 
most  generously  both  time  and  means  to  its  in 
creased  usefulness. 

Johnson,  Rev.  Caesar.— A  useful  man  among 
the  colored  Baptists  of  North  Carolina  is  Ctesar 
Johnson,  who  was  born  in  Warren  Co.,  N.  C.,  in 
1833,  and  until  the  war  was  a  slave  of  Mr.  John 


JVIIXXOX 


604 


J  O  HX80  X 


V.  Canthorn.  He  was  bapti/ed  by  Rev.  N.  A. 
Purcfoy  in  18(>2;  attended  Shaw  University  in 
Raleigh  for  nine  years  :  served  as  missionary  of 
the  Home  Mission  Board,  \e\v  York,  for  eight, 
years,  and  is  iu)\v  employed  as  colporteur  by  the 
American  and  Foreign  Bible  Society.  Mr.  Johnson 
has  been  moderator  of  the  Convention  of  colored 
Baptists  for  four  years,  and  is  much  interested  in 
collecting  historical  and  statistical  data  concerning 
his  people. 

Johnson,  Col.  Daniel  D.,  a  younger  brother  of 
Okey,  was  born  in  Tyler  Co.,  Va.,  April   28,  1836. 
He  was   partly  educated   at   Marietta   College,  and 
graduated  a   Bachelor  of  Philosophy  from  Colum 
bian  College,  Washington,  D.  (1,  in   I860.      He  en 
joyed  the  warm  friendship,  which  yet  continues,  of 
Dr.  Samson,  then  president  of  the  college.     In  ISb'l, 
when   the  civil  war  broke  out,  as  a  firm  friend  of 
the  Union  he  helped  to  raise  the  14th  Va.  Regiment. 
of  which  he  was  elected  major.     He  was  soon  pro 
moted  to  the  colonelcy,  which  post  he  filled  until 
the  close  of  the  war.     He  participated  in  a  number 
of  hard-fought  battles,  among  them  Cloyd  Moun 
tain,    Carter's    Farm,    Opcquan,    and    Winchester. 
At  the  battle  of  Opequan  he  was  severely  wounded, 
and  was  granted  leave  of  absence.     At  the  battle  of 
Winchester,  on  the  24th  July,  1804,  he  commanded 
a  brigade.     When  the  Union   forces  were  defeated 
and  compelled  to  fall  back,  he  covered  the  retreat 
in  a  masterly  manner,  for  which  the  credit  was  un 
justly  given  to   another.     Although  a  colonel,  he 
commanded  a  brigade  frequently.     In   1865,  after 
the  close   of  the   war,   he   received   an   honorable 
discharge,  and  at  once  set  about  the  work  of  recon 
ciliation  with  those  against  whom  he  had  fought. 
He  was  an  enemy  in  war,  but  in  peace  a  friend. 
He  received  them  cordially  when   they  returned, 
and  treated  them  as  his  equals  in  the  government, 
being  actuated  by  the  same  Christian  spirit  which 
had  ruled  his  boyhood  and  manhood.       lie  went 
to  the  Legislature  in  1865,  and  served  for  several 
terms    in    the    lower   house.       He   was    elected    a 
member  of  the  constitutional  convention  of  1872, 
where  he  distinguished  himself  as  much  perhaps 
as  any  member  of  that  body,  being   an   earnest, 
eloquent,  and  lucid  speaker,  and  being  by  far  the 
best  parliamentarian  in  the  State.     In  1872  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the   State  senate,  which  posi 
tion   he  yet  holds,  and   for  the  whole  time,  except 
for  two  years,  he  has  been  president  of  the  senate 
He  is  one  of  the  most  active  men  in  the  State  in  the 
cause   of  education,    and    is    now  president  of  the 
board   of  regents  of  the  West  Virginia  University 
He   is  a  thorough   Baptist,  and  has   been  one  for 
over  twenty   years.     He   has   a  number  of   times 
been  moderator  of  his  Association,  and  also  presi 
dent  of  the  West  Virginia  Baptist  Convention,  and 
he  is  superintendent  now  of  a  Sabbath-school.     In 


all  these  various  relations  he  has  shown  himself  a 
Christian  gentleman. 

Johnson,   George  J.,  D.D.,   was    born  in  Ver- 
non,   N.  Y.,  Oct.  ',»,  1824;    was  baptized  before  he 
was   fifteen  ;    studied   at   Madison    University   and 
Hamilton  Theological  Seminary,  graduating  from 
the   latter  institution    in    1848  :  was  soon  after  or 
dained  at  Trenton  Falls.  N.  Y.,  and  settled  as  mis 
sionary  pastor  in  Burlington,  Iowa.      Here  he  or 
ganized  a  church  of  12  members,  which  numbered 
•518  at  the  close  of  his  pastorate  in  1858.     Among 
the  converts  was  Rev.  .John  E.  Clough,  present  mis 
sionary  to  the  Teloogoos  at  Ongole,  Buriiiah.      He 
.ilso  performed  arduous  and  efficient  labors  in  con 
nection  with   the   Burlington    Collegiate   Institute. 
lie  subsequently  organized  a  church  at  Fort  Madi- 
,  Iowa,   and   remained   pastor  five   years.     Re 
turned  to  Burlington  as  district  secretary   of    the 
American  Baptist  Publication  Society  for  the  North 
west,  and  afterwards  became  district  secretary  for 
the  Southwest,  with  headquarters  at  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
In   1876-77   be   engaged  in  celebrating  the  semi 
centennial  of   Shurtleff   College  at    Upper  Alton, 
111.,  by  raising  an    additional  endowment  fund  of 
$100,000.     In  this  enterprise  his  incessant  and  sell- 
sacrificing  labors  were  crowned  with  magnificent 
success.      In    1878    he   was    appointed   missionary 
secretary  of  the  American  Baptist  Publication  So 
ciety,   with   headquarters    at    Philadelphia.      This 
position  he  still  holds,  and  the  society  is  prospered 
by  the  large  results  of  his  faithful   and  unceasing 
toil.     He  received  the  degree  of  D.D.  from  Madison 
University  in  1871. 

Dr.  Johnson  has  given  the  best  years  of  his  life 
to  pioneer  missionary  work,  and  few  men  have  ac 
complished  such  wide-reaching  and  abiding  results. 
With  varied  and  consecrated  talents,  and  robust 
physical  powers,  and  with  an  energy  born  of  in 
tense  love  for  the  truth,  and  an  invincible  deter 
mination  to  succeed,  he  has  broken  the  soil  and 
planted  the  seeds  of  the  kingdom  far  and  wide.. 
The  blessed  and  increasing  fruitage  of  his  past  toil 
is  a  perpetual  inspiration  to  his  present  unwearied 
and  useful  endeavors. 
Johnson,  Rev.  Hezekiah,  son  of  Rev.  Elcazar 

Johnson  and  Martha  Rounds,  was  born  March  6, 
1799,  in  Maryland;  converted  and  ordained  in 
Highland  Co.;  O.,  in  1824.  He  was  pastor  at 
Frankfort  and  Greenfield,  0..  and  labored  in  Iowa 
under  the  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  from  1839 
to  1844,  and  organized  some  of  the  first  churches 
and  Associations  in  that  State.  In  1845  he  went, 
with  Rev.  E.  Fisher,  as  missionary  of  the  Home 
Mission  Society,  to  Oregon,  and  settled  at  Oregon 
City,  where  he  formed  a  church.  This  was  his 
home  until  his  death,  in  August,  1866.  He  traveled, 
preached,  helped  to  organize  churches  and  Associ 
ations,  and  lay  the  foundations  of  religious  and 


JOHNSON 


605 


JOHNSON 


educational  institutions  in  the  new  State.  He 
wrote  and  published  many  sermons  and  pamphlets 
in  furtherance  of  the  cause  of  religion  and  reform, 
completing  the  last  on  his  death-bed.  He  was  one 
of  the  strong  Baptist  leaders  in  the  early  days  of 
Oregon.  His  faithful  wife  accompanied  and  up 
held  him  in  all  his  labors.  They  are  buried  near 
Oregon  City.  Over  their  graves  a  memorial  stone 
bears  this  inscription, — il  Pioneer  Baptist  Mission 
aries." 
Johnson,  Hon.  James,  a  son  of  Col.  llobert 

Johnson,  and  a  brother  of  Col.  R.  M.  Johnson,  was 
born  in  Orange  Co.,  Va.,  from  which  he  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Kentucky,  lie  united  with 
Great  Crossing  Baptist  church  about  ISO] .  of  which 
he  remained  a  faithful  member  until  his  death.  lie 
was  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  war  of  1812-15,  and 
distinguished  himself  in  the  battle  of  the  Thames. 
In  1808  he  was  elected  to  the  State  senate  from 
Scott  County.  He  was  Presidential  elector  in  1821, 
and  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the  U.  S.  Congress  in 
1825.  He  died  at  Washington  while  a  member  of 
Congress,  in  December,  ]X2C>. 

Johnson,  John  L.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Eng 
lish  Literature  in  the  University  of  Mississippi, 
was  born  in  Virginia  in  1835.  After  receiving  a 
liberal  education  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  he 
was  ordained  in  1800.  During  the  war  he  served 
as  chaplain  of  the  17th  Va.  Infantry,  and  subse 
quently  as  pastor  of  the  colored  Baptist  church  at 
Lynchburg.  After  the  war  he  was  two  years  pas 
tor  at  Portsmouth,  Va.,  and  about  as  long  at  Free 
Mason  Street,  Norfolk.  He  then  retired  to  the 
country,  engaging  in  literary  pursuits,  supplying 
some  churches,  and  teaching  in  the  Albemarle  Fe 
male  Institute.  For  some  months  he  .supplied  Dr.  i 
Fuller's  church  in  Baltimore.  He  also  taught  for 
a  time  in  Roanoke  Female  College.  He  accepted  [ 
liis  present  position  in  1873.  While  discharging 
the  duties  of  his  professorship  he  has  also  engaged 
in  preaching  at  Oxford,  Miss.,  and  in  the  surround 
ing  country.  Dr.  Johnson  is  the  author  of  "The 
University  Memorial"  and  a  number  of  published 
sermons. 

Johnson,  Gov.  Joseph,  was  born  Dec.  19,  1785, 
in  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.     His  father  having  died  when 
lie  was  but  five  years  old.  his  widowed  mother  soon 
after  removed  to  Sussex  Co..  X.  J.,  and  from  it,  in 
1801,  to  Harrison  Co.,  Va.      Here,  at  the  age  of  fif 
teen,  he  was  employed  on  the  large  farm  of  a  Mr. 
Smith,  whose  chief  manager  he  soon  became,  and 
at   the   age  of  twenty-one   he   married  one  of  that  ', 
gentleman's  daughters.      Four  years  after  his  mar 
riage  he   purchased   the   estate   on  which  lie  had  ; 
been  living,  and  continued  to  occupy  the  same  until  ! 
his   death,  a  period  of  more   than   seventy   years.  | 
Early  in  life  Mr.  Johnson  became  one  of  the  most  ' 
popular  and  influential  men  in  the  county.    During  ; 


the  war  of  1812  with  Great  Britain  he  organized  a 
rifle  company,  was  made  its  captain,  marched  to 
Norfolk,  and  continued  in  service  until  peace  was 
secured,  in  1815.  His  talents,  decision  of  character, 


GOV.  JOSEPH    JOHNSON'. 

and  strict  integrity  forced  him  at  this  time  into 
political  life,  and  on  his  return  from  military  ser 
vice  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  Legisla 
ture,  defeating  his  opponent,  the  distinguished  Mr. 
Prunty.  who  had  been  in  the  Legislature  during 
twenty-five  consecutive  years.  Having  served  for 
four  years  in  this  body  with  great  usefulness,  he 
declined  a  re-election,  and  returned  to  the  farm-life 
which  ho  loved  so  well.  In  1823  he  was  elected  to 
Congress  after  one  of  the  most  exciting  and  thor 
oughly  contested  canvassings  that  Harrison  County 
had  ever  witnessed,  defeating  his  able  and  distin 
guished  opponent.  Mr.  R  Doddridge.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  Congress  in  1825,  returned  to  his  home 
in  1827,  and  in  1832  was  elected  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Doddridge.  He  was 
also  elected  to  Congress  in  1835,  serving  six  years, 
and  in  1845,  serving  two  years.  He  had  thus  been 
elected  to  Congress  seven  times,  and  during  his 
whole  career  in  that  body  maintained  the  reputation 
of  being  one  of  the  most  punctual  and  laborious 
members  of  the  body.  In  consequence  of  the 
urgent  solicitations  of  his  friends  he  served  in  the 
State  Legislature  during  the  session  of  1847;  was 
a  member,  in  1S50.  of  the  State  convention  which 
remodeled  the  constitution,  and  while  a  member 
of  that  body  was  elected  governor  of  the  State 
under  the  conditions  of  the  old  constitution,  enter- 


JOHNSON 


JOHNSON 


ing  on  his  official  duties  in  December,  1851.  In  the 
fall  of  1S51  lie  was  elected  governor  by  the  popular 
vote  for  the  term  of  four  years,  lie  was  the  first 
and  only  man  ever  elected  governor  of  Virginia 
from  that  part  of  the  State  now  comprised  in  West 
Virginia.  As  governor  he  took  an  active  part  in 
originating  or  carrying  out  greatly  needed  internal 
improvements,  which,  unfortunately,  were  sadly 
retarded  by  the  breaking  out  of  the  war.  At  the 
close  of  185f>  he  retired  to  his  country  home,  having 
served  his  generation  most  faithfully  in  the  State 
and  national  halls  for  more  than  forty  years.  Gov. 
Johnson  followed  Virginia  during  her  terrible  war 
experiences,  and  threw  all  the  weight  of  his  great 
influence  and  experience  into  the  cause  of  the  Con 
federacy.  At  the  termination  of  that  fearful  con 
test,  with  the  burdens  of  eighty  years  upon  him,  he 
withdrew,  as  much  as  such  a  man  could,  from  pub 
lic  life.  For  more  than  ten  years  he  enjoyed  the 
coveted  quiet  of  a  lovely  home,  the  attentions  of 
kindred  and  loved  ones,  and  the  warm  regards  of 
troops  of  friends.  He  died  Feb.  27,  1877,  in  the 
ninety-second  year  of  his  age,  in  the  home  which 
he  had  entered  more  than  seventy  years  before,  in 
the  assured  hope  of  a  blissful  immortality. 

In  private  life,  Gov.  Johnson  was  modest,  affable, 
o-enial,  and  kindly  considerate  of  the  interests  of 

v 

all.  In  appearance  he  was  below  the  medium 
height,  of  a  dark  complexion,  with  a  bright  black  eye 
that  flashed  as  if  on  fire  when  in  debate.  During 
the  last  few  years  of  his  life  his  thoughts  were 
almost  constantly  occupied  with  Biblical  themes. 
He  was  punctual  in  the  performance  of  religious 
duties,  and  would  let  nothing  interfere  writh  them. 
The  last  two  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  super 
intending  and  liberally  contributing  to  the  rebuild 
ing  and  furnishing  of  the  Baptist  meeting-house 
near  his  residence,  where  he  was  a  member,  and 
where  his  mother  and  wife  had  worshiped,  fre 
quently  testifying  himself  in  the  meetings  to  the 
comfort,  truth,  and  power  of  the  gospel  of  Christ. 
As  a  man,  he  was  beyond  reproach,  as  a  statesman, 
he  was  one  of  the  strictest  of  the  "  Jacksonian" 
school,  and  as  a  follower  of  Christ,  he  adorned  the 
doctrine  of  the  Saviour  by  a  "  well-ordered  life." 

Johnson,  Rev.  J.  E.,  was  a  native  of  Tolland, 
Conn.,  where  he  was  born,  Oct.  27,  1827.  His 
early  youth  was  spent  in  Willington,  Conn.,  to 
which  place  his  parents  removed  soon  after  his 
birth.  He  was  baptized  and  united  with  the  Bap 
tist  church  in  that  place  when  but  a  mere  lad.  lie 
was  educated  at  Suffield  Institute,  Conn.,  and  at 
Brown  University,  11.  I.,  from  which  he  graduated 
with  honor  in  the  class  of  1X")3.  He  spent  one  year 
at  Newton  Theological  Seminary.  He  was  or 
dained  by  the  Baptist  church  in  Jackson,  Mich., 
in  1855,  and  remained  its  pastor  seven  years.  He 
was  subsequently  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in 


Madison,  Wis.,  four  years,  of  the  Baptist  church  in 
Delavan  two  and  a  half  years,  of  the  Grand  Ave 
nue  Baptist  church,  Milwaukee,  one  year,  and  of 
the  Baptist  church  at  Beaver  Dam  three  years, 
where  he  died  Oct.  20,  1872.  His  ministry  of 
seventeen  years  was  highly  successful,  lie  was  an 
excellent  preacher,  of  clear,  analytical  mind,  and 
of  most  earnest  spirit.  But  ho  was  pre-eminent  in 
his  simple,  unostentatious  piety,  and  devotion  to 
the  work  of  the  ministry,  to  which  he  had  conse 
crated  his  life. 

Johnson,  Rev.  N.  B.,  a  distinguished  mission 
ary  in  the  mountains  of  Kentucky,  \vas  born  in 
Fayette  County  of  that  State,  March  28,  1820.  In 
early  life  he  joined  the  Campbcllites,  but  in  1842 
he  experienced  a  change  of  heart,  was  baptized, 
and  united  with  the  Baptist  church  at  Georgetown. 
He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  1862,  and  was 
pastor  of  several  country  churches  along  the  border 
of  the  mountains.  In  18G6  he  entered  the  moun 
tain  field  as  a  missionary.  During  the  thirteen 
years  that  followed  he  traveled,  on  horseback  and 
on  foot,  13,000  miles,  preached  2800  times,  besides 
delivering  numerous  addresses,  visited  a  large 
number  of  families,  organized  GO  Sabbath-schools, 
baptized  1200  persons,  and,  with  the  assistance  of 
proper  helps,  constituted  24  churches.  He  is,  in 
1880,  pastor  of  four  churches. 

Johnson,  Judge  Okey,  was  bom  in  Tyler  Co., 

Va.,  March  24,  1834.  His  parents  were  both  im 
mersed  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Baptist  Church 
over  fifty  years  ago,  by  Rev.  Jeremiah  Dale,  whose 
biography  appears  in  "  The  Lives  of  the  Virginia 
Baptist  Ministers."  Okcy  united  with  the  Long 
Reach  Baptist  church  on  the  7th  of  July,  1849. 
He  graduated  at  the  Marietta  High  School  in  1856. 
The  same  year  he  entered  the  hiw-school  of  Harvard 
University,  where  for  two  years  he  had  the  benefit 
of  the  lectures  of  those  distinguished  men  Profs. 
Parsons,  Washburne,  and  Parker,  and  graduated 
with  the  degree  of  LL.B.  in  July,  1858.  He  en 
gaged  in  agriculture  for  nearly  two  years,  and  made 
two  successful  trading  expeditions  to  Memphis  and 
New  Orleans,  on  flat-boats,  in  the  fall  and  winter 
of  1859  and  1860,  and  left  New  Orleans  on  the  21st 
day  of  March,  18G1.  In  May,  1862,  he  located  in 
Parkersbur"-,  Va.,  and  commenced  the  practice  of 
law  in  good  earnest.  On  the  4th  of  July,  1862,  at 
Parkersburg,  while  the  United  States  troops  were 
thundering  at  the  gates  of  Richmond,  he  made  an 
oration  in  favor  of  his  candidate  for  the  Presidency 
to  a  great  multitude;  and  his  effort  was  so  full 
of  lofty  patriotism  that  it  called  forth  the  loudest 
plaudits,  and  on  request  of  the  vast  throng  it  was 
published.  Although  a  Union  man,  he  was  a  de 
cided  Democrat,  and  very  conservative  on  all  ques 
tions  involving  the  conduct  of  the  war,  and  when 
that  unhappy  strife  ended  he  was  for  general 


JOHNSON 


607 


JOHNSON 


amnesty  and  peace,  and  did  much  in  the  State  of 
West  Virginia,  which  was  the  "  Child  of  the  storm," 
to  arrest  and  repeal  the  legislation  against  the  re 
turned  Confederate  soldiers.  In  1870  he  was 


JUDGE    OKEY    JOHNSON*. 

elected  a  member  of  the  West  Virginia  senate.  He 
was  elected  to  the  constitutional  convention  called 
by  the  Legislature  of  1870,  largely  through  his  in 
fluence,  by  a  triumphant  majority.  He  was  a  very 
active  and  distinguished  member  of  this  conven 
tion,  and  when  the  new  constitution  was  submitted 
to  the  people  he  was  an  eloquent  advocate  for  its 
ratification,  and  it  was  adopted  by  a  handsome  ma 
jority. 

In  1874  Marietta  College  conferred  upon  him 
the  honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts.  From 
I860  to  1870  he  was  annually  elected  moderator 
of  the  Parkersburg  Association.  And  he  was  re 
peatedly  elected  president  of  the  West  Virginia 
Baptist  Convention.  Notwithstanding  his  political 
relations,  he  uniformly  enjoyed  the  highest  esteem 
of  his  brethren.  His  law  practice  was  large  and 
successful,  rarely  ever  losing  a  case  in  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Appeals.  In  1S76  he  was  nominated  for 
the  office  of  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals, 
and  elected  for  twelve  years  to  that  office,  by  a 
majority  of  17,000  votes.  lie  now  holds  that  posi 
tion,  and  fills  it  with  fidelity  and  ability,  and  to  the 
entire  satisfaction  of  the  people  of  West  Virginia, 
by  whom  he  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  purest  men 
in  the  United  States. 

Johnson,  Col.  Richard  Mentor,  son  of  Robert 
Johnson,  was  born  at  Bryant's  Station,  Fayette  Co., 


Ky.,  Oct.  17,  1780.  He  studied  law  after  finishing 
his  literary  education  at  Transylvania,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  the  age  of  nineteen.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Kentucky  Legislature  in  his  twenty- 
first  year,  and  was  .a  member  of  the  U.  S.  Congress, 
1807-19.  He  accepted  a  colonel's  commission,  and 
was  in  active  service  in  the  war  of  1812-15.  In  the 
battle  of  the  Thames,  Oct.  5,  1813,  he  rendered 
brilliant  service,  and  was  desperately  wounded. 
He  was,  however,  able  to  resume  his  seat  in  the 
House  in  February  following.  After  serving  sev 
eral  terms  in  the  lower  house  of  Congress,  he  was 
elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate  in  1819,  and  remained 
a  member  of  that  body  until  1829.  After  this  he 
was  again  a  member  of  the  House  in  1829-37.  In 
1837  he  was  elected  Vice-Prcsident  of. the  United 
States  by  the  Senate,  the  choice  having  devolved 
upon  them  under  the  Constitution.  In  March, 
1841,  he  retired  to  his  farm  in  Scott  County,  where 
he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  life,  except  during 
two  terms  through  which  he  served  in  the  Ken 
tucky  Legislature.  He  died  at  Frankfort,  Nov.  19, 
1850,  while  a  member  of  the  Legislature.  Col. 
Johnson  appears  to  have  been  a  member  of  Great 
Crossing  church  as  early  as  1801. 

Johnson,  Col.  Robert,  the  head  of  one  of  the 
most  distinguished  families  in  Kentucky,  was  a 
native  of  Virginia.  He  removed  to  Kentucky 
during  the  Revolution  and  settled  at  Bryant's  Sta 
tion,  but  shortly  afterwards  he  settled  near  the 
present  site  of  Georgetown,  in  Scott  County,  where 
he  was  the  principal  instrument  in  organizing 
Great  Crossing  Baptist  church,  of  which  he  was  a 
member.  He  was  prominent  in  the  councils  of  the 
Baptists  in  the  early  settlement  of  the  country,  con 
spicuous  as  a  leader  in  the  Indian  wars  of  the 
period,  and  a  member  of  most  of  the  councils  of 
state.  He  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which 
formed  the  first  constitution  of  Kentucky  in  1792, 
and  of  that  which  formed  the  second  constitution, 
in  1799.  He  was  eight  times  elected  to  the  Ken 
tucky  Legislature.  Three  of  his  sons  were  mem 
bers  of  Congress  from  Kentucky,  and  several  of  his 
descendants  have  been  members  of  Congress  from 
other  States.  He  died  at  a  ripe  old  age  at  his  resi 
dence  in  Scott  Co.,  Ky. 

Johnson,  Rev.  Thomas,  was  born  in  Georgia. 
Ho  visited  Missouri  in  1799,  and  preached  near 
Cape  Girardeau  :  one  person  at  his  first  service 
made  a  profession  of  faith  and  was  bapti/ed,  a  Mrs. 
Blair.  This  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  believer 
immersed  west  of  the  Mississippi  River,  in  Missouri. 
The  baptism  was  administered  in  Randal's  Creek, 
where,  in  1797,  a  number  of  Baptists  settled  near 
the  village  of  Jackson.  Here  they  built  the  first 
Baptist  house  of  worship  in  Missouri.  It  was 
of  logs,  and  was  erected  in  1806.  Around  this 
old  church  are  graves  with  rough  tombstones, 


JOHNSON 


60S 


JO  I IX  SOX 


which  mark  the  resting-place  of  the  first  Baptists, 
and  the  first  Protestants  in  Missouri. 

Johnson,   Rev.  Thomas   C.,  one  of  the  best 

qualified  and  most  successful  ministers  in  the  State, 
was  born  at  Long  Reach,  Tyler  Co.,  W.  Va.,  Sept. 
IS,  1848.  He  is  next  to  the  youngest  of  nineteen 
children  of  Win.  Johnson,  of  Mineral  County.  In 
18t>7  he  entered  college;  was  baptized  the  follow 
ing  April  by  Rev.  J.  1>.  Griobol,  and  graduated  in 
1S72.  lie  preached  his  first  sermon  in  October, 
1S71.  and  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Long 
Reach  church  in  the  summer  of  1872.  lie  entered 
Crozer  Theological  Seminary  in  the  fall  of  1872, 
and  graduated  in  1875.  lie  then  took  charge  of 
the  Willow  Island  church,  in  West  Alrginia,  and 
the  Valley  church,  in  Ohio,  lie  was  ordained  at 
Willow  Island  in  187."). 

In  December,  1877,  lie  became  pastor  of  the  Bap 
tist  church  in  Charleston,  \V.  Va..  at  which  place  he 
is  now  located.  The  church  was  in  a  low  and  scat 
tered  condition  and  deeply  in  debt,  but  ho  has,  in 
less  than  three  years,  been  instrumental  in  greatly 
promoting  its  efficiency  and  in  enlarging  its  mem 
bership. 

Johnson,  Rev.  Thomas  Thornton,  was  born 
July  20,  1803,  in  Fauquier  Co.,  Va.  He  was  con 
verted  at  the  age  of  thirteen  years,  and  baptized  by 
Elder  James  Lugget,  of  Kentucky.  He  removed 
to  Missouri  in  1828.  He  contended  for  missionary 
principles  against  bitter  opposition.  Helped  to 
form  a  missionary  society  in  1838,  and  labored 
much  as  a  pastor,  and  was  at  home  in  protracted 
meetings.  He  was  remarkably  effective  in  exhorta 
tions.  He  aided  in  the  formation  of  many  churches 
in  Rails.  Pike,  Lincoln,  and  Montgomery  Counties. 
lie  died  at  Truxton,  Mo.,  Feb.  25,  1877. 

Johnson,  Rev.  William,  is  a  very  remarkable 
man  in  some  respects.  He  was  born  in  Barnwell 
District,  S.  C.,  Jan.  9.  180:5,  and  is  related  doubtless 
to  Col.  Richard  M.  Johnson,  who  killed  Tecumseh 
in  Kentucky.  His  father  died  before  he  Avas  born, 
and  his  mother  died  when  he  was  seventeen  years 
old.  at  which  time  he  was  "bound"'  to  a  man  in 
Augusta,  Ga. 

Here  he  remained  till  nearly  twenty-one  years 
of  ni:e,  when  he  disagreed  with  his  master  for  the 
first  time,  and  leaving  him,  returned  to  South  Car 
olina,  and  went  to  school  a  few  months,  lie  often 
quotes. — 

"No  mother  to  nurse  and  to  guide, 
No  father  to  jirutci-t  iunl  provide, 
No  fortune  to  shield  from  hunger  and  cold, 
A  poor  little  orphan,  cast  on  the  world," 

as  being  almost  literally  true  in  his  case. 

Klder  Johnson  was  converted  and  baptized  about 
1829,  his  baptism  occurring  at  a  branch  of  Darien 
church,  and  was  performed  by  Prescott  Bush,  a 
Revolutionary  soldier.  He  was  ordained,  while  a 


member    of    Philippi    church,    by  W.  B.  Johnson, 
D.D.,  Peter  Galloway,  John  Landrum,  and  Joseph 
Morris,     lie  was  a  constituent  member  in  the  or 
ganization   of  the   Edisto   Association,  and  was  its 
moderator  several  times,     lie  removed  to  Florida 
in    1854,    and    joined    Pleasant  Grove   church,    in 
Alachua  County,  and  at  different  times  has  served 
that  church,  and  Wacahoota,  Eliam,  and  Ockwilla. 
in    the   same   county  ;  Paran,  in    Putnam   County, 
and  Providence,  in  Bradford  County,  besides  aiding 
in  building  up  some  new  churches.     He  aided  in 
the  formation  of  the  Alachua  Association,  and  lias 
been  perhaps  its  only  moderator,  and  was  for  a  few 
sessions  moderator  of  Santa  Fe  River  Association. 
Mr.  Johnson  is  strong  in  body  and  mind.     His 
ancestors  were  Irish,  and  from  them  he  inherited  a 
robust  constitution  and  a  fondness  for  humor.     In 
his  preaching  his  favorite  themes  are  divine  sover 
eignty,  election,  grace,  etc.     He  is  a  decided  Bap 
tist,  and  contends  earnestly  for  the  faith.     He  had 
a  struggle  before  consenting  to  enter  the  ministry, 
and  would  never  after  take  any  civil  office. 

Mr.  Johnson  has  been  a  tower  of  strength  in 
Florida,  and  is  yet  popular  and  exerting  a  good  in 
fluence,  but  he  is  not  able  to  preach  much. 

Johnson,  W.  B.,  D.D.,  was  one  of  the  most 
active  and  useful  ministers  that  ever  labored  in 
South  Carolina.  "Soon  after  1820"  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Saliula  Association,  and  presided 
over  its  deliberations  for  a  number  of  years.  Sub 
sequently  he  was  the  acting  pastor  at  Edgciicld 
Court-House,  and  a  member  of  the  Association 
bearing  the  name  of  his  church,  and  of  this  Asso 
ciation  he  was  chosen  moderator. 

The  State  Convention  founded  in  1821  had  a  very 
warm  friend  in  Dr.  Johnson.  He  was  one  of  a 
committee  of  three  who  drafted  its  constitution. 
In  1822  he  preached  the  introductory  sermon,  and 
prepared  the  address  of  the  Convention  to  the 
churches,  which  was  printed  in  the  minutes  of  that 
year,  a  document  of  great  ability,  and  penetrated 
by  a  thoroughly  missionary  and  evangelical  spirit. 
In  1S2.'5  he  was  elected  vice-president  of  the  Con 
vention.  In  1824  he  preached  the  annual  charity 
sermon,  and  in  1825  he  was  chosen  president  on 
the  death  of  the  honored  Dr.  Richard  Furman, 
whose  name  is  justly  venerated  in  South  Carolina, 
and  by  hosts  of  Baptists  all  over  our  country.  Dr. 
Johnson  held  this  position  for  a  great  many  years. 
an  office  the  duties  of  which  were  discharged  not 
only  by  Dr.  Richard  Furman,  but  by  Dr.  Basil 
Manly,  Chief-Justice  O'Xeall,  and  other  distin 
guished  men.  The  reputation  of  Dr.  Johnson 
spread  over  our  whole  country,  and  for  three  years 
he  was  president  of  our  great  national  missionary 
society,  "The  Triennial  Convention  of  the  United 
States,1'  and  after  the  division  in  that  body  he  was 
chosen  the  first  president  of  the  Southern  Baptist 


JOFIXSON 


609 


JOHXSTON 


Convention.  In  no  section  of  our  country  was  any 
Baptist  minister  more  highly  honored  by  his 
brethren. 

He  was  a  solid  and  impressive  preacher,  deeply 


w.  B.  jonxsox.  D.D. 

versed  in  the  sacred  writings,  and  full  of  his  Mas 
ter's  spirit.  lie  was  very  hospitable,  and  his  life 
was  blameless.  To  the  Saviour  lie  rendered  noble 
service,  which  was  fruitful  in  an  unusual  measure. 

Under  Dr.  Wayland's  presidency  Brown  Univer 
sity  gave  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 
He  died  at  Greenville,  S.  C.,  in  1862,  when  he  was 
about  eighty  years  of  age. 

The  State  Convention,  in  1863,  appointed  its 
president,  Dr.  J.  C,  Furman,  to  preach  a  sermon 
"  in  honor  of  the  memory  of  their  venerable  brother, 
the  late  Rev.  W.  B.  Johnson.  I). IX,"  and  after  the 
delivery  of  the  discourse  the  Convention  requested 
a  copy  for  publication,  and  a  committee  was  also 
appointed  "  to  raise  funds  to  erect  a  monument 
over  his  remains." 

Johnson,  Hon.  William  Carey,  son  of  Rev, 
Hezekiah  .Johnson,  was  bom  in  Ohio.  Oct.  27,  IS.';:;. 
In  1845  he  removed  to  Oregon  with  his  parents, 
and  has  since  then  lived  at  Oregon  City.  lie  re 
ceived  a  good  academic  education  ;  was  converted 
in  1S")4,  and  baptized  by  Rev.  E.  Fisher.  He  en 
tered  and  attained  a  high  position  in  the  legal  pro 
fession,  arid  in  1866  became  State  senator.  In  1X08 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Josephine  De  Yore,  the 
first  woman  to  win  the  degree  of  A.B.  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  graduating  with  honor  from  the  full  course 
of  Willamette  University,  at  Salem,  Oregon,  in 


1868.  Mr.  Johnson  has  continued  one  of  the  most 
active  laymen  in  the  work  of  the  Baptists  in  his 
State,  clerk  of  the  Willamette  Association,  and  for 
many  years  its  moderator.  In  his  church  at  Oregon 
City  he  has  a  leading  influence,  and  in  its  Sunday- 
school  is  a  devoted  Bible-class  teacher  arid  superin 
tendent. 

Johnston,  Judge  James  William,  was  born  in 
1791  ;  studied  law  in  Annapolis,  Nova  Scotia,  and 
became  distinguished  in  his  profession  ;  was  con 
verted  and  baptized  in  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia: 
strongly  supported  the  educational  movement  which 
commenced  among  the  Baptists  of  Nova  Scotia  in 
1828,  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of  Horton 
Academy  in  1829,  and  Acadia  College  in  January, 
1839  ;  represented  Annapolis  County  in  the  Pro 
vincial  Parliament  for  twenty  years  :  was  leader  of 
the  government  and  attorney-general  for  several 
years:  became,  in  1865,  judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  Nova  Scotia,  and  judge  in  equity.  James 
W.  Johnston  possessed  a  gigantic  mind,  unsullied 
integrity,  indomitable  energy,  commanding  elo 
quence,  and  Christian  humility.  On  the  death  of 
Gov.  Howe,  Judge  Johnston  was  appointed  to  suc 
ceed  him  as  governor  of  Nova  Scotia,  but  death 
interposed  his  veto  Nov.  21,  1873. 

Johnston,  Judge  James  W.,  a  son  of  Judge 
James  W.  Johnston,  graduated  from  Acadia  Col 
lege  in  1843  ;  studied  law  with  his  father,  and  prac 
tised  his  profession  in  Halifax  for  many  years  ; 
was  appointed  judge  of  the  Halifax  County  Court 
in  1877,  and  performs  his  duties  with  ability. 
Judge  Johnston  is  a  member  of  the  Dartmouth 
Baptist  church. 

Johnston,  Col.  John  W.,  was  born  at  Paltons- 
burg,  Botetourt  Co..  Va.,  July  6,  1839.  Having 
received  his  early  intellectual  training  in  the  neigh 
boring  schools,  h<;  entered  upon  and  finished  his 
studies  in  law  in  Lexington,  Va..  and  afterwards 
prosecuted  his  profession  with  great  success.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  war  he  entered  the  Confederate 
service,  first  as  second  lieutenant  of  riflemen  of  the 
48th  Regiment  Va.  Militia,  and  a  few  weeks  after 
became  second  lieutenant  of  the  2Sth  Ya.  In 
fantry,  Provisional  army  of  the  C.  S.  A.  Near 
the  close  of  1861  he  became  first  lieutenant  of  An 
derson's  Battery.  Light  Artillery,  and  in  the  early 
part  of  1863,  captain  of  the  Botetourt  Artillery. 
During  this  year  he  served  also  as  captain  and  in 
spector-general  of  artillery  on  Maj.-Gen.  C.  L.  Ste 
venson's  staff.  During  1864  he  held  the  position 
of  major  of  artillery  in  the  P.  A.  C.  S.,  and  until 
April,  1865,  was  in  command  of  a  battalion  of  light 
artillery,  in  all  these  positions  he  displayed  the 
highest  ability.  During  the  sessions  of  1875-77 
Col.  Johnston  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  del 
egates  of  Virginia  from  Botetourt  County,  arid 
served  with  marked  efficiency.  April  24,  1877,  he 


JOHNSTON 


JONES 


was  elected  president  of  the  James  River  and  Kana- 
wha  Company,  and  also  president  of  the  Buchanan 
and  Clifton  Forge  Railway  Company.  Col.  Johns 
ton  is  a  member  of  the  Buchanan  Baptist  church, 
and  actively  engaged  in  all  movements  designed 
for  the  advancement  and  strengthening  of  the  de 
nomination. 

Johnston,  Rev.  Jonas,  was  born  in  Beaufort 
Co.,  S.  C.,  March  11,  1821  ;  received  a  sound  aca 
demic  education  :  was  converted  and  baptized  in 
August,  1846.  After  ordination  ministered  to  the 
following  churches:  Lawtonville,  S.  C. ;  Anderson, 
Bedias,  Danville,  Waverly,  Bethel,  Montgomery, 
lluntsville,  Ebene/.cr,  Planterville,  and  Navisota, 
Texas.  He  has  been  prospered  in  his  worldly 
business  beyond  most  ministers  of  the  gospel,  but 
at  the  same'  time  he  has  been  a  laborious  and  very 
successful  preacher,  exerting  extended  influence  and 
commanding  general  esteem.  lie  is  now  the  busi 
ness  manager  of  the  Texas  liaptht  llcnil<l.  and  is 
efliciently  promoting  the  great  educational  and  mis 
sionary  operations  of  Texas.  He  is  a  sound  theo 
logian  and  an  able  counselor. 

Jones,  Rev.  C.  B.— For  nearly  twenty  years  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  Florida  had  the  valuable 
labors,  influence,  and  advice  of  Rev.  Charles  B. 
Jones,  who  was  born  on  Wilmington  Island,  near 
Savannah,  Ga.,  in  the  year  1798,  and  died  at  Pa- 
latka,  Flu.,  March  5,  1879.  '•  In  early  life  he  was 
of  a  generous  and  jovial  disposition,  having  plenty 
of  money,  and  withal  possessing  a  commanding 
personal  appearance,  he  was  not  only  a  favorite, 
but  an  acknowledged  leader  among  his  associates." 
He  was  deeply  convicted  by  the  killing  of  an 
uncle  in  a  duel,  he  being  present  at  the  scene,  lie 
was  soon  after  converted,  and  he  united  with  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Savannah.  In  a  short  time 
he  began  to  preach,  and  was  popular.  He  fre 
quently  filled  the  pulpit  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Savannah  during  the  annual  vacations  of  the 
pastor,  and  at  one  time  was  its  pastor,  lie  was 
greatly  beloved  by  all  the  churches  he  served. 

"  Few  men  could  present  the  doctrines  of  the 
gospel  with  greater  power.  His  favorite  theme  was 
the  love  of  Christ,  and  when  speaking  upon  this 
his  countenance  would  become  radiant,  and  he 
would  seem  to  be  almost  inspired.'' 

Upon  going  to  Florida  he  settled  in  Marion 
County,  and  was  for  a  time  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Oeala.  Soon  after  the  close  of  the  late  war  he 
moved  to  Palatka.  where  he  labored  as  a  missionary 
of  the  Northern  Home  Mission  Society,  preaching 
in  Palatka  and  the  surrounding  country.  Mr. 
Jones  was  a  man  of  general  intelligence  and  a 
ready  use  of  language.  lie  was  tall,  with  a  tine 
head,  and  a  countenance  that  was  a  true  index  of 
his  generous  heart  and  noble  impulses. 

Perhaps  his  crowning  gift  was  his  power  of  con 


versation,  in  which  he  was  ready,  easy,  and  ex 
pressed  himself  in  language  well  chosen,  beautiful, 
and  chaste.  He  was  always  welcome  in  every  cir 
cle,  and  exerted  a  powerful  social  influence. 

Jones,  Rev.  David,  A.M.,  chaplain  in  the 
Continental  army,  was  born  in  White  Clay  Creek 
Hundred,  Newcastle  Co.,  Del.,  May  12,  1736.  His 
parents  were  Morgan  and  Eleanor  (Evans)  Jones, 
and  his  grandparents  were  David  and  Esther 
(Morgan)  Jones.  Esther  Jones  was  a  sister  of 
Enoch  and  Abel  Morgan,  well  known  Baptist  min 
isters,  who  were  children  of  Morgan  ap  Rhyddarch, 
a  famous  Baptist  minister,  who  resided  in  Llan- 
wenog,  South  Wales.  Mr.  Jones  was  baptized 
May  6,  1758,  joined  the  Welsh  Tract  Baptist 
church,  and  was  one  of  the  pupils  of  Isaac  Eaton, 
at  Ilopewell  Academy,  N.  J.,  but  studied  divinity 
with  his  cousin,  Abel  Morgan,  at  Middletown, 
N.  J.  lie  was  ordained  Dec.  12,  1766,  as  pastor 
of  the  Freehold  Baptist  church,  Monmouth  Co., 
N.  J.  While  there  he  was  impressed  with  a  de 
sire  to  preach  the  gospel  to  the  Indians,  and  was 
the  first  Baptist  missionary  among  that  people. 


REV.     DAVID    .JONES.     A.M. 

No  doubt  the  example  of  David  Brainurd  influenced 
his  heart,  and  the  wretched  condition  of  the  pool- 
red  men  for  this  and  for  the  future  life  prompted 
his  course.  They  then  occupied  what  is  now  the 
State  of  Ohio,  and  he  made  them  two  visits. 
His  first  began  May  4,  1772.  and  ended  in  Au- 
<nist;  his  second  began  Oct.  26.  1772,  and  ended 

O  i 

in  April,  1773.  He  kept  a  journal  of  his  mis 
sionary  labors,  which  was  published  in  1773,  and 
was  reprinted  in  New  York  by  J.  Sabin.  in  1865. 
Mr.  Jones  continued  his  pastorate  at  the  village 
of  Freehold  until  his  outspoken  views  in  favor  of 
the  rights  of  Americans  rendered  him  unpopular, 


JONES 


611 


and  in  April,  1775,  he  became  pastor  of  the  Great 
Valley  church,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.     In  that  year  the 
Continental  Congress  recommended  a  day  of  fasting 
and  prayer,  and  he  preached  a  sermon  before  Col. 
Dewees's  regiment,  entitled  "Defensive  War  in  a 
Just  Cause  Sinless,"  which  was  printed  and  exten 
sively  circulated.     He   took   high  ground  even  at 
that  early  day  in  favor  of  independence.     In  1776 
he  was   appointed  a  chaplain   in   Col.    St.   Clair's 
regiment,  and  was  at  Ticonderoga,  where,  just  be 
fore  battle,  he  delivered  a  patriotic  address,  which 
roused  the  courage  of  the  soldiers  to  a  high  degree. 
Subsequently  he  served  under  Gen.  Horatio  Gates 
and  Gen.   Wayne,  and  was  in  many  battles,  and 
always  proved  himself  to  be  a  wise  counselor  and 
a  devoted  patriot.     He  was  at  the  Paoli  massacre, 
and    narrowly    escaped    death.      While  the   army 
was    at  Valley   Forge    he    frequently  showed    his 
devotion  to  the  cause,  and  was  highly  trusted  by 
Washington.     When  news  arrived  that  France  had 
recognized  our  independence,  he  preached  an  ap 
propriate  sermon  to  the  troops  at  the  Forge.     lie 
continued   in  the   army  until  the  capitulation  at 
Yorktown,  and  then  retired  to  his   farm  in  East 
Town,  Chester  Co.,  adjoining  the  farm  of  his  old 
commander,    Gen.    Wayne.     In    1786    he    became 
pastor   of  the    Southampton    church,    Bucks    Co., 
where  he  remained  until  1792,  when   lie  returned 
to  the  Valley  church,  with  which  he  remained,  part 
of  the  time  as  senior  pastor,  until  his  death.     When 
Gen.  Wayne  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the 
army,   and   undertook   to   put   down    the    Indians 
in   the    Northwestern    Territory,   he   induced   Mr. 
•Jones  to  accompany  him  as  chaplain,  and  he  acted 
in  that  capacity  during  1794-95-96,  and  was  pres 
ent  at  the  treaty  of  Greenville.     When  the  war  of 
1812  broke  out,  although  seventy-six  years  of  age, 
he   again   volunteered    his  services,   and   was    ap 
pointed  chaplain  by  his  old  companion   in   arms, 
Gen.  John  Armstrong,  then  Secretary  of  War,  and 
he  served  under  Gens.  Brown  and  Wilkinson  until 
peace  was  declared.     He  then  retired  to  his  farm 
and  devoted  himself  to  its  cultivation,  and  also  to 
arboriculture,  of  which  he  was  very  fond.     He  thus 
passed  the  evening  of  a  busy  life,   varying  it  with 
visits  to  his  relatives,  both  near  and  far,  preaching 
wherever  he  went,  and  often  writing  for  the  press 
on  public  affairs,  in  which  he  never  ceased  to  take 
a  deep  interest. 

Mr.  Jones  was  a  pi'ominent  member  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Baptist  Association,  of  which  he  was  mod 
erator  in  the  year  1798.  und  was  often  appointed  on 
committees  to  answer  queries  or  to  settle  difficul 
ties  among  the  churches.  AVhen  the  great  Win 
chester  defection  occurred  in  the  church  of  Phila 
delphia,  and  a  majority  of  the  members  followed 
Klhanan  Winchester,  who  had  become  a  Universal- 
ist,  or  as  he  was  then  called  a  Restorationist,  Mr. 


Jones  was  one  of  the  ministers   appointed  by  the 
church  to  advise  them  in  their  troubles. 

Mr.  Jones  died  at  his  farm,  Feb.  5,  1820,  in  the 
eighty-fourth  year  of  his  age,  and  was  buried  at  the 
Valley  church-yard.  The  funeral  services  were 
conducted  by  Rev.  Thomas  Roberts,  Rev.  Win.  E. 
Ashton.  and  Rev.  William  Latta.  The  Rev.  Dr. 
William  Rogers  delivered  a  funeral  sermon  on  the 
next  Sunday.  The  following  notice  of  Mr.  Jones 
appeared  in  Poulson's  Daily  Advertiser : 

"  In  sketching  the  character  of  this  venerable 
servant  of  the  Cross,  truth  requires  us  to  say  that 
he  was  an  eminent  man.  Throughout  the  whole 
of  his  protracted  and  eventful  life  Mr.  Jones  was 
peculiarly  distinguished  for  the  warmth  of  his 
friendship,  the  firmness  of  his  patriotism,  the  sin 
cerity  and  ardor  of  his  piety,  and  the  faithfulness 
of  his  ministry.  In  the  army  of  the  Revolution  he 
was  a  distinguished  chaplain,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  same  ai'duous  duties  during  the  last  Avar.  As 
a  scholar  he  was  accurate :  possessing  a  mind  of 
superior  texture,  he  embellished  it  with  the  beau 
ties  of  classical  literature  and  the  riches  of  general 
science.  The  Fellowship  of  Brown  University,  in 
the  year  1774,  as  a  testimony  of  respect  for  his 
learning  and  talents,  conferred  upon  him  the  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts." 

In  early  life  he  studied  medicine,  and  his  services 
during  the  wars  were  often  called  for,  and,  although 
not  a  physician,  yet  he  frequently  prescribed  when 
applied  to. 

Mr.  Jones  was  the  author  of  several  works:  1st. 
A  journal  of  two  visits  made  to  some  nations  of 
Indians  on  the  west  side  of  the  River  Ohio,  in  the 
years  1772  and  1773.  2d.  A  treatise  on  the  work 
of  the  Holy  Spirit.  3d.  A  treatise  on  laying  on 
of  hands.  4th.  Another  on  the  same  subject,  in 
reply  to  a  broadside  of  Rev.  Samuel  Jones,  D.D. 
5th.  "  Peter  Edwards'  Candid  Reasons  examined." 
Mr.  Jones  was  married  Feb.  22,  1762,  to  Anne, 
daughter  of  Joseph  and  Sarah  Stilwell,  of  Middle- 
town,  N.  J.,  and  had  issue  :  1st.  Morgan,  who  died 
near  Wheeling.  Va.  2d.  Eleanor,  who  married  John 
Garrett,  and  died  at  Garrettsville.  0.  3d.  Mary, 
who  married  Archibald  McClean.  4th.  Horatio 
Gates  Jones,  who  died  at  Philadelphia.  All  his 
children  left  issue. 

In  danger  he  knew  no  fear,  in  fervent  patriotism 
he  had  no  superiors  and  few  equals,  in  the  Revo 
lutionary  struggle  he  was  a  tower  of  strength,  es 
pecially  in  the  section  now  known  as  the  Middle 
States,  and  in  piety  he  was  a  Christian  without 
reproach. 

Jones,  Rev.  David,  was  born  in  Wales,  in  April, 
1785.  Though  bearing  the  same  name,  this  is  not 
the  heroic  David  Jones,  the  Pennsylvania  chaplain 
in  the  Revolutionary  war.  He  landed  in  Philadel 
phia  in  1803,  when  the  yellow  fever  was  raging; 


612 


JOXKf* 


he  went  to  Ohio,  and   more   than  two   years  after 
wards  lie  was  bapti/.ed   into   the  fellowship  of  the 
Columbia    church,    near    Cincinnati.     He    studied 
under  Dr.  Samuel  Jones,  of  Lower  Dublin,  Pa.,  for 
some   time.      In  January,    IS  14,   he  took   pastoral 
charge  of  the  church  of  Newark,  X.  J.,  where  the 
Lord  revived  the  church  and  converted  many  souls 
through  his  ministry.      In   1821   he  succeeded  Dr. 
Samuel  .Jones  as  pastor  of  the  Lower  Dublin  church, 
und  he  continued  to  serve  it  until   the  Lord  took 
him  home  :   in  this  church  the  Great  Shepherd  gave 
him  several  revivals,  in  one   of  which,  in  1831,  he 
bapti/.ed  60  persons,  though  the  population  around 
was  small.      He  died  April  9,   183:!.  in   the  enjoy 
ment  of  a  blessed  hope  through  his  Saviour's  blood. 
Jones,  Rev.  Evan,  was  born  at  Brecknockshire, 
Wales,  in  May,  1789.     Previous   to  his  coming  to 
this  country  he  was  for  thirteen  years  a  merchant 
in  London.     lie  was  appointed  by  the  board  of  the 
Baptist  Triennial  Convention.  July  24,  1821,  a  mis 
sionary  among  the  Cherokee  Indians.     For  several 
years   before   the   removal   of  the  Chcrokees   from 
North  Carolina    Mr.  .Jones  labored  with  great  suc 
cess  among  them,  establishing  churches  and  schools, 
und  proving  that  some  of  the  Indian  tribes  of  this 
country    can   be   civilized   and    Christianized.      In 
1838,  in  carrying  out  the  treaty  of  New  Echota,  the 
Cherokees  were  removed  to  what  was  known  as  the 
Western  Territory,  and  Mr.  Jones  followed  his  flock 
to  their  new  home,  and  in  two  years  after  their  re 
moval  130  persons  were  bapti/.ed  and  a  new  church 
formed.      Mr.  Jones's  connection  with  the   Chero 
kees  covered  a  period  of  fifty  years.     It  is  said  that 
'•  the  confidence  in  which  he  was  held  by  them  was 
never  impaired."     He  died  at  Tahlcquah,  Aug.  18, 
1873.  having  reached  the  age  of  eighty-three  years 
and  three  months.      ''  He  was  a  man  of  quiet  home 
virtues,  of  unostentatious  life,  and  of  such  purity 
of  character  that  even  suspicion  presumed  not  to 
tarnish  it." 

Jones,  Rev.  F.  H.,  was  born  in  Surry  Co..  N.  C., 
Sept.  4.  1836;  educated  at  Union  Academy,  Davie 
Co.,  Beulah  Institute,  and  Yadkin  Institute  ;  bap 
tized  by  Rev.  C.  W.  Bessant :  has  done  much  mis 
sionary  work  ;  is  now  pastor  of  the  Yanceyville 
church,  moderator  of  the  Beulah  Association,  and 
the  leading  man  in  that  body. 

Jones,  Rev.  G.  S.,  was  born  iii  Pasquotank  Co., 
N.  C.,  Dec.  23,  1837;  graduated  at  Wake  Forest 
College  in  I860:  ordained  in  1861,  Revs.  T.  B. 
Justice.  Thomas  Stradley,  anil  Dr.  J.  D.  Hufham 
forming  the  Presbytery:  served  the  Hendersonville 
church  as  pastor  from  1861  to  1808,  since  which 
time  he  has  been  in  the  employ  of  the  American 
Sunday-School  Union,  and  has  organi/ed  and  aided 
about  900  schools. 

Jones,  Rev.  Henry  V.,  was  born  in  North 
Wales,  Feb.  24,  1808.  Left  an  orphan  when  four 


years  old,  he  went  to  live  with  an  uncle  in  London. 
After  attending  an  academy,  he  entered  mercantile 
life  at  seventeen.     He  was  converted  and  baptized 
in  August,  1826,  into   the   fellowship   of  the    Dean 
Street  church,  London,  and   was   disowned  by  his 
uncle  (an  Episcopalian)  the  next  day.     He  came  to 
America  in  1831,  and  was  ordained  in   New  York 
State,  April   8,  1835.     His    first   pastorate   was   in 
Palmyra.     He   held    important    positions   in    New 
York,  New  England,  and  New  Jersey.     In  the  latter 
State   he   accomplished    a   great  work.     When    he 
took   charge   of  the    First   church   in    Newark   the 
cause  was  very  low.      Differences   of  doctrine  and 
diverse  views  as  to  measures  among  the  members 
had  long  prevented  growth.     Under  his  genial  and 
loving  preaching    and     administration    union    was 
secured,  the  congregation  more  than  filled  the  house, 
a  building  for  the  South  church  was  begun,  and  a 
colony  was   designated   to   occupy  the   new  house. 
This  was   the   beginning   of   church   extension   in 
Newark,  and  Mr.  Jones  was  a  moving  spirit  in  the 
work.      His  health  requiring  a  change,  lie  accepted 
a  call  to  the  old  church  at  Piscataway.  N.  J.,  where 
he   spent   six   years    of    loving,    successful    labor. 
After   good  work  was   done  at  Kondout  and  West 
Troy.    N.   Y.,    and    Noank,    Conn.,    he   served    the 
church  at  Princeton.  N.  J.      His  brethren  felt  that 
his  qualifications  to  incite  the  churches  to  benevo 
lent  work  ought  to  be  more  extensively  used,  and 
be  was  persuaded  to  accept  the  position  of  district 
secretary  of  the  Home  Mission   Society.     He  also 
acted  at  other  times  as  financial   secretary  of  Ped- 
die  Institute  and  South  Jersey  Institute,  collecting 
large   sums   for  these   schools.      He   was  a  clear, 
sound,  solid  preacher,  having  the  Welsh  power  of 
illustration  blended  with  the  sober  judgment  of  a 
master  in   Scripture  doctrine.      He  was  a  valuable 
'  helper   in   the   First   church,    New   Brunswick,  of 
which  he  was  a  member  the  last  seven  years  of  his 
life.     His   last   sermon  was   at   the  old  church  at 
Piscataway,    on     Sunday,    June     16.     1878.      He 
preached  with   great   power,  and   seemed  to  be  in 
usual  health.     The  next  evening,  after  two  hours' 
sickness,  he  went  to  his  heavenly  home.     A  prom 
inent  periodical  well  spoke  of  him  as  "a  man  of 
strong  common  sense,   singular  magnanimity  and 
devotedness,  and  great  purity  of  character." 

Jones,  Hon.  Horatio  Gates,  A.M.,  the  young 
est  son  of  Horatio  Gates  Jones,  D.D..  was  born 
Jan.  19.  1822,  in  lloxborough,  Philadelphia.  He 
irraduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1S41  :  was  admitted  to  the  Philadelphia  liar  in 
May,  1847:  formed  an  acquaintance  early  in  life 
with  the  annalist  of  Philadelphia,  John  F.  Watson, 
which  in  a  great  measure  gave  tone  to  the  future 
studies  of  his  life;  in  1848  became  a  member  of 
the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1849 
its  secretary,  a  position  which  he  held  for  eighteen 


JONES 


JONKR 


years,  and  in  1867  he  was  chosen  one  of  its  vice- 
presidents,  and  still  holds  that  office  ;  in  1850  lie 
became  connected  with  the  Welsh  Society  of  Phil 
adelphia,  of  which  he  is  now  president ;  in  ISoS 
he  was  elected  clerk  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist 
Association,  and  filled  the  office  for  fifteen  years, 
\vhen  he  was  chosen  moderator.  lie  has  been 
(•resident  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Phila 
delphia  Association  for  thirteen  years.  He  was 
elected  in  1865  by  the  councils  of  Philadelphia  a 
director  of  Girard  College.  lie  has  been  secretary 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Crozer  Theological 
Seminary  for  thirteen  years.  In  1874  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  senate  from  Philadelphia,  and 
re-elected  in  187')  and  in  1878.  Mr.  Jones  is  a 
member  of  the  historical  societies  of  Rhode  Island, 
New  York,  Delaware,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  and 
Florida:  and  also  of  the  Moravian  Historical  So 
ciety,  the  Xe\v  England  Historic  Genealogical  So 
ciety,  and  the  American  Antiquarian  Society  ;  and 
in  1S77  lie  was  elected  an  Honorary  Fellow  of  the 
Royal  Historical  Society  of  Great  Britain. 

Mr.  -Jones  was  largely  interested  in  the  organi 
zation  of  the  Baptist  Home  of  Philadelphia,  and 
lie  has  been  secretary  of  its  board  of  trustees  from 
its  establishment. 

Mr.  Jones  united  with  the  Lower  Merion  church 
in  1840,  of  which  his  father  was  pastor,  and  he 
still  remains  a  member  of  it. 

lie  is  the  author  of  a  number  of  valuable  works, 
which  show  great  research  and  literary  ability. 

In  the  senate  of  Pennsylvania,  while  not  neglect 
ing  other  interests  of  the  State,  he  has  devoted 
much  time  to  religious  liberty  :  his  aim  has  been  to 
secure  freedom  from  the  penalties  of  the  Sunday 
law  of  April  22,  1794,  for  all  persons  who  observed 
the  seventh  day  as  the  Sabbath.  In  1876-77-78- 
79,  and  in  1SSO,  he  introduced  bills  for  this  purpose 
into  the  senate,  and  though  on  each  occasion  he 
was  defeated,  yet  the  vote  in  favor  of  his  motion 
was  always  larger.  Mr.  Jones  cherishes  an  en 
thusiastic  love  for  Baptist  soul  liberty  ;  he  under 
stands  the  subject  thoroughly,  his  efforts  on  its 
behalf  have  been  well  planned  and  valiant;  and 
ultimate  victory  is  certain  under  hij  generous  lead 
ership.  He  might  justly  be  called  the  American 
champion  of  religious  liberty. 

Mr.  Jones  has  an  enviable  reputation,  an  extensive 
influence,  an  unselfish  disposition,  and  a  heart  full 
of  love  for  his  Master,  his  truth,  and  his  servants. 

Jones,  Horatio  Gates,  D.D.,  of  Roxborough, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  youngest  son  of  Rev.  David 
Jones,  of  the  Great  Valley  church,  was  born  Feb. 
11,  1777,  at  East  Town,  Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  arid 
passed  his  early  youth  there  and  at  Southampton, 
Bucks  Co.  After  acquiring  such  education  as  the 
schools  there  could  give,  when  nineteen  he  was 
placed  under  the  care  of  Rev.  Burgiss  Allison,  D.D., 


who  was  principal  of  an  academy  at  Bordentown, 
N.  J.  The  celebrated  Dr.  Stoughton  was  one  of 
the  teachers,  and  the  acquaintance  then  formed 
ripened  into  a  friendship  which  lasted  through  life. 
The  system  of  instruction  was  quite  varied,  and  the 
attendance  of  many  French  refugees  was  of  great 
advantage  to  the  students,  who  could  thereby  ac 
quire  a  knowledge  of  French.  On  his  return  from 
school,  Mr.  Jones  devoted  himself  to  farming.  He 
also  mingled  in  politics,  and,  being  a  fluent  speaker, 
he  soon  acquired  a  prominent  position,  even  before 
he  had  attained  his  majority.  But  about  this  time 
his  mind  was  directed  to  religious  concerns,  and  he 
made  a  public  profession  of  his  faith  June  24,  1798, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  Valley  church.  He 
soon  began  to  exercise  his  gifts  as  a  speaker,  and 
the  church  being  satisfied  with  his  efforts,  licensed 
him  to  preach  Sept.  20,  1801.  The  young  man  had 
before  him  the  prospect  of  political  preferment  if 
he  remained  in  civil  life,  but  convictions  of  duty 
made  him  sacrifice  all  such  aspirations,  and  he  en 
tered  on  his  new  work  with  an  energy  which  proved 
the  earnestness  of  his  purpose.  He  preached  in 
Chester  and  Delaware  Counties,  and  also  in  the 
State  of  Delaware,  where  his  Welsh  ancestors 
had  settled  nearly  a  century  before.  Having 
been  invited  to  preach  at  Salem,  N.  J.,  he  visited 
that  church,  of  which  Rev.  Isaac  Skillman,  D.D., 
had  been  pastor.  His  labors  were  appreciated,  and 
on  Feb.  13,  1802,  he  was  ordained,  and  labored  in 
Salem  until  April,  1805,  when  he  was  obliged  to 
leave  on  account  of  enfeebled  health  ;  the  climate 
not  suiting  him.  He  removed  to  a  farm  in  Rox 
borough,  Philadelphia,  and  preached  every  Lord's 
day,  where  an  opening  was  had.  Among  other 
places  he  preached  in  "  Thomson's  Meeting-House," 
in  Lower  Merion,  Montgomery  Co.,  which  belonged 
to  Hon.  Charles  Thomson,  first  secretary  of  the 
Continental  Congress.  Mr.  Thomson  was  a  highly- 
educated  man,  had  once  been  a  tutor  in  the  College 
of  Philadelphia,  was  a  thorough  Greek  scholar,  and 
is  well  known  as  a  translator  of  the  Bible.  He 
gave  Mr.  Jones  a  warm  welcome,  and  in  many 
ways  exhibited  an  interest  in  the  preaching  of  the 
gospel  in  that  neighborhood.  Although  residing 
six  miles  from  the  meeting-house,  yet  he  was  gen 
erally  the  first  person  there,  and  for  a  period  of 
three  years  he  continued  his  labors  without  any 
signs  of  success.  But  in  May,  1808,  he  was  privi 
leged  to  baptize  the  first  convert  in  a  small  dam  on 
Mill  Creek,  which  he  erected  the  previous  day 
with  his  own  hands.  Other  hopeful  conversions 
and  baptisms  followed,  until  on  Sept.  11,  1808,  the 
Lower  Merion  Baptist  church  was  organized  with 
19  members,  with  Mr.  Jones  as  pastor.  Rev.  Wil 
liam  Rogers,  D.D.,  and  Rev.  William  Stoughton, 
D.D.,  officiated  on  the  occasion.  In  two  years'  time 
a  meeting-house  was  built  on  a  lot  of  ground  the 


JONES 

gift  of  Mr.  Thomson,  who,  although  a  Presbyte 
rian,  ever  continued  to  attend  the  Merion  church, 
until  over  ninety  years  of  age,  and  proved  himself 
a  warm  friend  of  Mr.  Jones.  Notwithstanding  Mr. 
Jones  was  a  laborious  minister,  and  was  constant 
in  visitations  among  his  people,  yet  he  took  a  deep 
interest  in  civil  affairs,  and  to  the  close  of  his  life 
tilled  many  important  posts  of  honor,  but  none  of 
profit.  For  more  than  twenty  years  he  was  a  di 
rector  of  the  Bank  of  Germantown,  and  director 
and  controller  of  the  public  schools. 

Jn  1814,  when  the  Baptist  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions  was  organized  in  Philadelphia,  he  was 
present,  aided  in  its  formation,  was  one  of  the 
Board  of  Managers,  and  for  many  years  acted  as 
secretary  of  the  board.  He  was  warmly  interested 
in  the  cause  of  education,  and  especially  the  edu 
cation  of  young  men  for  the  ministry.  It  was 
chiefly  through  his  influence  that  the  Philadelphia 
Association  was  induced  to  organize  a  manual 
labor  school  at  lladdington,  Philadelphia  Co., 
which  afterwards  became  lladdington  College.  As 
long  as  the  college  existed  he  was  president  of  its 
board  of  trustees,  and  spared  neither  time  nor 
money  in  promoting  its  interests.  In  1812,  Brown 
University  conferred  on  him  the  degree  of  Master 
of  Arts,  and  in  1852  the  university  at  Lewisburg 
bestowed  on  him  their  first  degree  of  Doctor  of  Di 
vinity,  he  being  at  the  time  the  chancellor  of  the  in 
stitution.  In  1829  Mr.  Jones  was  chosen  president 
of  the  trustees  of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Associa 
tion,  and  he  held  that  honorable  position  until  1853, 
a  period  of  twenty-four  years.  He  was  chosen  mod 
erator  of  the  Association  in  1816  and  1822,  and  was 
clerk  in  1808,  1810,  1813,  1815,  and  1835. 

The  Lower  Merion  church,  of  which  he  was  the 
first  pastor,  continued  under  his  care  for  a  period  of 
forty-five  years.  It  assisted  all  the  benevolent  and 
missionary  organizations  as  they  arose,  and  it  was 
owing  to  a  query  from  this  church  to  the  Associa 
tion,  that  the  Baptist  State  Convention,  now  known 
as  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  General  Association, 
for  missionary  purposes,  was  organized.  Dr.  Jones 
continued  his  active  duties  until  1845,  when  his 
health  began  to  fail ;  but  still  he  would  not  consent 
to  give  up  his  pastorate.  And  so  he  continued  to 
preach  and  pray  for  his  beloved  Merion  until  called 
home  to  his  reward  on  high,  on  the  12th  of  Decem 
ber,  1853,  in  his  seventy-seventh  year. 

Mr.  Jones  was  twice  married,  first  to  Miss  Esther 
Righter,  by  whom  he  had  three  children, — lion. 
John  llichter  Jones,  Ellen  Maria,  married  to  llev. 
George  Iliggins,  Hetty  Ann  Jones,  all  of  whom  are 
deceased.  His  second  wife  was  Miss  Deborah 
Levering,  and  by  her  he  had  issue,— Sarah,  mar 
ried  to  Hon.  Anthony  I).  Levering,  Col.  Charles 
Thomson  Jones,  Nathan  Levering  Jones,  died 
April  19,  1879,  leaving  issue,  Horatio  Gates  Jones. 


Jones,  Rev.  Howard  Malcom,  son  of  the  mis 
sionary,  llev.  John  Taylor  Jones,  D.I).,  was  born 
in  Bangkok,  Siam.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown 
University  in  the  class  of  1853,  and  of  Newton 
Theological  Institution  in  the  class  of  1857.  He 
was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in  Schoolcraft, 
Mich.,  in  1858,  where  he  remained  one  year,  and 
then  went  to  Racine,  "\Vis.,  where  he  was  a  pastor 
four  years.  On  leaving  the  Racine  church,  he 
settled  in  Fredonia,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  pastor 
six  years,  and  then  accepted  a  call  to  Bristol,  R.  I. 
Since  1809,  Mr.  Jones  has  been  preaching  in  Bristol 
with  much  acceptance. 

Jones,  Hugh,  D.D.,  president  of  Llangollen 
College,  Wales,  was  born  in  Bodcdern,  Anglesea, 
July  10,  1831.  He  became  the  subject  of  religious 
convictions  while  yet  a  boy.  When  about  twelve 
years  of  age  he  connected  himself  with  the  Welsh 
Calvinistic  Methodist  Church.  In  his  sixteenth 
year  he  removed  to  the  neighborhood  of  Llanfach- 
reth,  where  the  Baptists  had  a  stronghold.  His 
associations  with  them  led  him  for  the  first  time  to 
examine  the  New  Testament  on  the  subject  of  bap 
tism,  and  the  result  was  his  conversion  to  the  Bap 
tist  faith.  He  was  baptized  in  the  river  Alaw  by 
the  Rev.  Robert  D.  Roberts  in  his  seventeenth  year. 
His  abilities  were  soon  discovered  by  the  brother 
hood  at  Llanfachreth,  and  he  was  urged  to  exercise 
his  gifts  as  a  preacher.  Having  spent  some  time 
in  the  grammar-school  of  the  neighborhood,  he 
entered  Ilaverford  West  College  in  June,  1853. 
His  progress  in  this  institution  was  such  as  to  com 
mand  particular  mention.  In  Hebrew,  mathe 
matics,  and  the  classics  he  was  the  distinguished 
student  of  his  class.  In  May,  1857,  he  settled  as 
pastor  over  the  Baptist  church  at  Llandudno,  Caer 
narvonshire.  In  a  little  over  two  years  he  was 
enabled  greatly  to  strengthen  the  cause,  leaving 
them  on  account  of  ill  health  in  October,  1859. 

In  the  same  month  he  became  co-pastor  with  the 
Rev.  John  Prichard,  D.D.,  at  Llangollen.  This 
fellowship  of  service  was  most  fruitful  of  good. 
The  elder  and  the  younger  were  true  yoke-fellows 
in  Christ.  They  had  joint  charge  of  the  Welsh 
and  English  churches  of  Llangollen,  as  well  as  of 
a  branch  church  at  Glyndyfedwy,  Merionethshire. 
In  1862  the  North  Whales  Baptist  College  was 
instituted  at  Llangollen,  with  Dr.  Prichard  as  pres 
ident,  and  Mr.  Jones  as  classical  and  mathematical 
tutor.  In  1866,  Dr.  Prichard  resigned,  and  Mr. 
Jones  became  president,  a  position  which  he  still 
holds  with  acknowledged  efficiency. 

Dr.  Jones  has  not  confined  himself  to  his  col 
legiate  and  ministerial  duties.  Some  of  the  most 
valuable  productions  in  the  Welsh  language  are 
from  his  able  pen.  In  1862  he  issued  a  small  book 
on  "The  Mode  and  Subjects  of  Baptism,  with  the 
History  of  the  Rise  of  Infant  Baptism  and  Sprink- 


JONES 


615 


JOXES 


ling,''  which  has  been  widely  read.  In  1863  there 
appeared  a  volume  on  '•  The  Act  of  Baptism,  or  an 
Enquiry  into  the  Mode  of  Baptism.''  An  abbre 
viated  edition  of  this  book  has  appeared  in  English, 
and  has  been  very  well  received.  It  is  in  the  Welsh 
language  what  Carson  is  in  the  English.  Its  ex 
cellence  and  value  are  universally  recognized. 
Another  volume  which  has  been  a  rich  boon  to  the 
Welsh  people  is  a  masterly  production  on  "  The 
Bible  and  its  Interpretation,  or  an  Introduction  to 
the  Holy  Scriptures.''  Dr.  Jones  lias  done  himself 
great  credit  both  in  the  conception  and  execution 
of  this  work.  It  will  do  for  the  Bible-loving  Welsh 
people  what  no  other  book  could.  There  was 
nothing  more  needed  in  the  vernacular  of  the  prin 
cipality  than  a  scholarly  treatise  on  Bible  exegesis, 
and  Dr.  Jones  has  supplied  the  need  in  a  manner 
that  cannot  fail  to  command  the  gratitude  of  every 
lover  of  the  Book  of  books  in  the  land.  Several 
other  minor  productions  have  been  issued  from  Dr. 
Jones's  pen  that  have  taken  a  high  place  in  his 
country's  literature  :  '•  The  Church  of  Christ," 
being  the  inaugural  address  from  the  chair  of  the 
Welsh  Baptist  Union,  1876;  "  The  History  of  the 
Protestant  Reformation  in  Great  Britain,  with 
Special  Reference  to  Wales  ;"  "  Popery  :  its  His 
tory  and  Characteristics,  with  the  Remedy  Against 
It,"  being  the  inaugural  address  from  the  chair  of 
the  AVelsh  Baptist  Union  for  1877.  He  has  also 
written  many  essays  and  sermons  for  the  Welsh 
periodicals,  together  with  a  Commentary  on  Eccles- 
iastes  for  Mr.  Gee,  of  Denbigh's  family  Bible. 

Few  men  of  this  generation  have  done  more  to 
enlighten  and  elevate  their  countrymen  than  Dr. 
Hugh  Jones,  of  Llangollen.  His  writings  have  all 
been  of  a  sterling  character. 

Jones,  Rev.  Jenkin,  was  born  about  1090,  in 
Wales,  and  he  came  to  this  country  in  1710.  He 
took  charge  of  the  First  church  of  Philadelphia, 
May  15,  1746,  at  the  time  the  church  was  "  recon 
stituted.''  Previous  to  that  time  the  Philadelphia 
body  was  only  a  branch  of  the  Lower  Dublin 
church,  and  of  it  Mr.  Jones  had  been  pastor  for 
twenty-one  years.  He  died  July  16,  1761. 

Mr.  Jones  was  "  a  good  man,''  i.nd  performed 
valuable  service  to  his  church  and  denomination  ; 
he  was  the  cause  of  changing  the  marriage  laws 
of  the  colony,  so  that  "  dissenting''  ministers  might 
celebrate  marriages  ;  he  built  a  parsonage  largely 
at  his  own  expense ;  he  left  "  a  legacy  towards 
purchasing  a  silver  cup  for  the  Lord's  table  which 
is  worth  £00.  His  name  is  engraven  upon  it." 

Jones,  Rev.  John,  an  eloquent  colored  Baptist 
minister,  long  pastor  of  the  First  African  Baptist 
church  in  Shreveport,  La.,  was  a  native  of  North 
Carolina,  and  came  to  Shreveport  under  the  pro 
tection  of  Deacon  John  N.  Howell  about  1840.  He 
was  ordained  in  1856  by  a  Presbytery  consisting 


of  Dr.  W.  II.  Stokes,  George  Tucker,  Jesse  Lee, 
and  A.  J.  Rutherford.  In  the  early  part  of  the 
civil  war  a  law  was  passed  requiring  all  free  per 
sons  of  color,  not  natives,  to  leave  the  State.  Un 
der  the  operation  of  this  law  he  went  to  Ohio,  but 
his  loss  was  soon  felt,  and  it  was  known  that  he 
could  do  more  than  all  the  police  in  keeping  the 
Africans  in  order  ;  consequently  a  special  act  of 
the  Legislature  was  passed  inviting  his  return,  the 
terms  of  which  he  accepted,  to  the  great  joy  of  the 
people  of  both  races.  He  was  often  invited  to 
preach  to  the  whites,  and  always  drew  large  and 
interested  audiences.  He  died  in  1877,  much  re 
gretted. 

Jones,  John  Emlyn,  LL.D,,  was  born  in  the 
town  of  Newcastle,  Emlyn,  Caermarthenshire, 
AVales,  on  the  8th  of  January,  1820,  and  died  at 
Ebbeo  Yale  on  the  18th  of  January,  1873.  He 
was  a  man  of  commanding  presence  and  oratorical 
ability.  He  was  editor  at  different  times  of  the  two 
leading  organs  of  the  Baptists  of  AVales.  He  was 
a  voluminous  contributor  to  various  Welsh  peri 
odicals.  He  translated  into  the  Welsh  language 
Gill's  Commentary  and  Hamilton's  Grammar,  and 
he  wrote  "  The  History  of  Great  Britain  for  the 
Past  Half-Century."  During  the  last  years  of  his 
life  he  was  engaged  in  a  work  in  the  Welsh  lan 
guage  called  "  The  History  of  the  World. "one  vol 
ume  of  which  was  published,  and  he  had  written 
about  half  of  the  other.  lie  was  likewise  a  poet  of 
no  mean  order.  He  won  during  his  lifetime  a  large 
number  of  prizes  for  poetical  compositions.  At 
the  Abergavenny  Eisteddfod,  in  1838,  lie  was  in 
vested  with  the  degree  of  B.B.I).  (Bard  by  Privilege 
and  Usage).  At  the  Denbigh  National  Eistedd 
fod,  in  1860,  he  won  the  chair,  with  the  accom 
panying  prize,  for  the  best  ode  on  the  "  Pentecost," 
also  at  Llanerchymedd  for  the  best  ode  on  "  Time." 
Among  his  poetical  productions,  ''  The  Poor  Man's 
Grave"  is  regarded  for  its  pathos,  simplicity,  and 
heart-touching  effect  as  equal  to  anything  of  its 
kind  in  the  literature  of  the  country. 

Jones,  Judge  John  Richter,  the  eldest  son  of 
Rev.  Horatio  Gates  Jones,  was  born  in  Salem,  N.  J., 
Oct.  2,  1803,  and  was  educated  at  the  Germantown 
Academy,  and  was  graduated  from  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  in  the  year  1821.  lie  was  ad 
mitted  to  the  Philadelphia  bar  Nov.  J7,  1827.  For 
many  years  he  was  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  of  Philadelphia  County,  during 
which  time  he  lived  at  Roxborough.  On  retiring 
from  the  bench  he  settled  in  Sullivan  Co.,  Pa. 
When  the  late  war  began  he  felt  it  to  be  his  duty 
to  devote  himself  to  the  service  of  his  country,  and 
with  all  the  patriotic  ardor  of  his  renowned  grand 
father,  Rev.  David  Jones,  of  the  Continental  army, 
Judge  Jones  immediately  raised  a  regiment,  the 
58th  Penna.  Vols.,  of  which  he  was  commissioned 


JONKR 


616 


JOXEfi 


colonel.  He  sought  as  soon  as  possible  Cor  active 
service,  and  was  ordered  to  Norfolk,  Va.,  and  finally 
was  sent  to  Xe\vhern,  X.  (J.,  where  he  soon 
achieved  iniicli  renown  for  the  boldness  of  his  at 
tacks,  lie  did  not  know  what  fear  was,  and  hence 
sought  for  the  place  of  greatest  danger.  One  of  his 
last  and  most  successful  inarches  was  made  in  May, 
1^63,  against  a  force  which  had  encamped  at  a 
place  called  (Juin  Swamp.  He  had  placed  at  his 
command  a  number  of  regiments,  over  which  he 
exercised  the  power  of  acting  brigadier-general. 
After  a  long  and  arduous  march  he  succeeded  in  cap 
turing  the  whole  of  the  force  without  losing  a  single 
man.  But  the  song  of  victory  was  soon  changed 
into  a  wail  of  sorrow,  for  shortly  after  his  return 
to  cam))  at  Xewbern  his  troops  were  attacked,  and 
placing  himself  at  the  head  of  a  force  to  reconnoitre. 
lie  was  suddenly  shot  through  the  heart,  and  died 
without  a  groan.  Most  truly  can  it  be  said  of  him, 
Diili-c  cf  decorum  cst  pro  patria  mori.  Judge  Jones 
was  a  devout  Christian,  and  was  a  member  of  the 
Lower  Merion  church.  He;  was  a  classical  scholar, 
and  carried  with  him  to  the  cam])  his  Septuagint 
version  of  the  Old  Testament,  which  he  was  accus 
tomed  to  read  daily.  His  death  occurred  May  23, 
1803. 

Jones,  John  Taylor,  D.D.,  was  born  at  New 
Ipswich,   N.    II.,  July    Hi,    1802.     He  joined    the 
Congregational  church  in  Ashby.  Mass.,  when  he 
was  but  fifteen  years  of  age.     He  graduated  at  Am- 
herst  in   1825,  and  studied  theology  at  Andover, 
where  his  views  underwent  a  change  on  the  mode 
and  subjects  of  baptism,  in  consequence  of  which 
he  thought  it  would  be  more  expedient  for  him  to 
complete  his  course  of  study  at  Newton.     lie  was 
bapti/ed   by   Rev.   Dr.   Malcom  in   1828,   and   be 
came  a  member  of  the  Federal    Street  church,  in 
Boston.     He  was  appointed  a  missionary  to  Bur- 
mah,  and  reached   Maulmain   in   February,   ISCil. 
lie  immediately  addressed  himself  with  great  zeal 
to   his  missionary  work,     lie  was  able  to  preach 
both  in  the  Bin-man  and  the  Taling  languages  be 
fore   many   months   had  elapsed.      Believing   that 
there  was  a  favorable  opportunity  to  preach  to  the 
Tal'ings  in  the  kingdom  of  Siam,  it  was  decided  by 
the  board  that  Dr.   Jones  was  the    most  suitable 
person  to  make  the  effort.     To  carry  out  this  pur 
pose  he  went  to  Bangkok.     Providence  soon  pointed 
out  to  him  what  was  to  be  his  special   mission   to 
Siam.      It  was  to  translate    the   New   Testament 
itito  the  tongue  of  that  country.     He  engaged  in 
this  congenial  occupation  with  the  greatest  interest, 
ami  completed  the  work  upon  which  he  had  set  his 
heart  in  October,  1843.     Meanwhile,  circumstances 
bi  ought  him  to  his  native  land,  where  he  remained 
for  a  short  time,  and  then  returned  to  the  scene  of 
his  labors.     Again,  in  1846,  the  state  of  his  wife's 
health   led   to   another   visit.     He   spent  a  year  in 


this  country,  presenting  everywhere,  as  opportu 
nity  offered,  the  claims  of  foreign  missions  to  the 
churches,  and  in  1847  he  returned  to  his  post  of 
labor.  In  Bangkok  he  was  regarded  with  the 
highest  respect.  We  are  told  that  ''  the  magis 
trates,  and  even  the  king,  did  not  hesitate  to  con 
sult  him  in  cases  of  difficulty.''  He  continued  at 
his  favorite  work  as  a  translator,  and  in  the  prepa 
ration  of  many  books  which  he  hoped  would  be 
useful  to  the  natives.  In  the  summer  of  1851  he 
had  an  attack  of  dysentery,  which  so  prostrated 
him  that  he  died  September  13,  being  a  few  weeks 
over  forty-nine  years  of  age. 

His  associates  in  missionary  labor  place  Dr. 
Jones  very  high  on  the  list  of  those  who  have  de 
voted  themselves  to  the  services  of  Christ  in  the 
foreign  field.  His  great  work,  the  translation  of 
the  New  Testament  into  the  Siamese  language, 
savs  Dr.  Dean,  ''  compares  favorably  with  the 
translation  of  the  New  Testament  made  in  any  of 
the  Asiatic  languages,  including  the  life-work  of 
such  men  as  Carey,  Marsh  man,  Judson,  and  Mor 
rison,  and  their  worthy  successors.''  He  adds,  '•  I 
have  met  men  on  the  missionary  field  who  exhibited 
some  stronger  points  of  character,  and  some  par 
ticular  qualifications,  or  greater  fitness  for  mis 
sionary  usefulness,  but,  take  him  altogether,  I  have 
never  seen  his  equal,  and  among  more  than  a  hun 
dred  men  I  have  met  among  the  heathen.  I  would 
select  Dr.  Jones  as  the  model  missionary.'' 

Jones,  Jonathan,  A.M.,  principal  of  the  Uni 
versity  Female  Institute  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  was 
born  in  Chester  County  in  that  State.  June,  1845. 
His  early  education  was  received  in  the  schools 
of  his  native  county,  and  in  those  of  Reading, 
whither  his  family  removed  in  1860.  Here  he  was 
fitted  for  college,  but  he  did  not  enter  the  Univer 
sity  of  Lewisburg  until  1864,  having  previously  to 
this  time  served  in  the  late  war.  He  graduated 
from  college  in  1868  with  high  honors.  The  two 
succeeding  years  were  spent  in  Minnesota  in 
teaching  and  preaching.  In  the  summer  of  1870 
he  returned  to  Lewisburg,  having  been  elected  to 
take  charge  of  the  academy  connected  with  the 
university.  He  remained  here  until  1873,  when 
he  accepted  the  principalship  of  the  Classical  and 
Scientific  Institute  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Westmore 
land  Co.,  Pa.  Here  he  remained  five  years.  Al 
though  the  school  sustained  great  financial  losses 
durin"-  that  time,  yet  there  was  a  steady  increase  in 

O  •    +> 

the  attendance,  largely  due  to  his  excellent  manage 
ment.  In  1878  he  accepted  the  principalship  of 
the  institute  at  Lewisburg, — the  ladies'  depart 
ment  of  the  university.  Since  his  election  to  this 
position,  the  board  of  curators  have  introduced  into 
the  school,  at  his  suggestion,  a  full  classical  course 
of  instruction.  The  institute  now  confers  on  young 
women  the  advantages  of  a  college,  and  it  is  the 


617 


JONES 


determination  of  the  principal  to  keep  the  standard 
of  scholarship  equal  to  that  of  the  most  advanced 
institutions  for  women.  His  work  as  an  instructor 
i.s  in  the  line  of  psychology,  ethics,  and  Greek. 

Jones,  Judge  J.  H.  C.,  was  born  at  Rockville, 
Aid.,  July  31,  1823.  lie  was  educated  at  the  Rock 
ville  Academy,  and  graduated  at  the  Columbian 
College  in  1841.  He  removed  to  King  and  Queen 
Co.,  Ya.,  in  1842,  where  he  taught  school  two  years  ; 
he  afterwards  studied  law.  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1845.  He  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Bruington  church  in  October,  1842,  of  which 
church  he  has  been  clerk  since  1861.  He  was 
elected  clerk  of  the  Rappahannock  Association  in 
1863,  which  office  he  held  continuously  until  186(J, 
when  he  was  elected  moderator  of  the  body,  to 
which  oiHce  he  has  been  annually  re-elected  ever 
since.  lie  also  filled  the  office  of  president  of  the 
Baptist  General  Association  of  Virginia  at  its  an 
nual  sessions  in  1875-76-77.  In  March,  1865,  he 
was  elected  to  represent  the  counties  of  King  and 
Queen  and  Essex  in  the  house  of  delegates  of  Vir 
ginia,  but  the  failure  of  the  Confederate  cause 
shortly  afterwards  prevented  the  assembling  of 
the  body  to  which  he  was  elected.  He  represented 
the  counties  of  King  and  Queen  and  King  William 
in  the  house  of  delegates  under  what  was  then 
called  "the  restored  government  of  Virginia," 
during  the  sessions  of  the  Legislature  of  1865-60 
and  1866-67.  In  April,  1870,  he  was  elected  by 
the  Legislature  of  Virginia,  under  the  new  consti 
tution,  just  then  adopted,  judge  of  the  County 
Courts  of  King  and  Queen  and  Middlesex,  and 
upon  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office,  Jan.  1, 
1874,  he  was  re-elected  by  the  same  body  judge  of 
the  County  Courts  of  King  and  Queen  and  King 
William  for  six  years,  which  office  he  holds  at  pres 
ent.  Judge  Jones  is  warmly  interested  in  every 
thing  pertaining  to  the  progress  of  the  denomina 
tion. 

Jones,  J.  Wm.,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Louisa  Court- 
House,  Ya.,  Sept.  25,  1836,  and  was  baptized  Aug. 
26,  1854.  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Mechanicsville 
church,  Louisa  Co.  He  received  his  literary  and 
scientific  education  at  the  University  of  Virginia 
during  the  years  1855-59,  and  his  theological  edu 
cation  at  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Semi 
nary.  He  was  ordained  at  Charlottesville,  Ya., 
June  10,  1860,  with  three  well-known  and  beloved 
brethren,  C.  II.  Toy,  J.  L.  Johnson,  and  J.  B.  Tay 
lor,  Jr.,  all  college-mates  and  intimate  friends.  On 
July  3,  1860,  he  offered  himself  to  the  Foreign  Mis 
sion  Board  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention  for 
appointment  as  missionary  to  Canton,  China,  was 
accepted,  and  had  made  arrangements  to  sail  in  the 
autumn  with  his  friend  (now  Rev.  C.  II.  Toy,  D.D.), 
who  was  under  appointment  for  Japan.  The  polit 
ical  troubles  of  that  year  caused  the  board  to  post- 
40 


pone  their  sailing,  and  the  war  finally  prevented 
it.  Dr.  Jones's  interest  in  foreign  missions  led 
him,  in  1860,  to  visit  many  of  the  Associations  and 


J.   WM.  JONES,    D.D. 

churches  to  stimulate  them  to  greater  zeal  in  be 
half  of  the  cause,  and  he  accomplished  much  good. 
During  the  winter  of  1860-61  he  became  pastor  of 
Little  River  church,  Louisa  Co.,  preaching  once  a 
month.  In  May,  1861,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
the  Confederate  army,  and  followed  its  varying  for 
tunes  from  Harper's  Ferry  to  Appomattox  Court- 
House.  In  1862  he  was  made  chaplain  of  his  regi 
ment,  and  in  1863  missionary  chaplain  to  Gen.  A. 
P.  Hill's  corps;  and  he  was  present  and  an  active 
participant  in  all  the  great  movements  and  battles 
from  Alanassas  to  the  surrender.  Dr.  Jones  knew 
intimately  all  the  prominent  officers  in  the  Confed 
erate  service.  He  was  an  active  worker  in  those 
great  revivals  in  the  army  in  Virginia  in  which 
over  15,000  of  the  soldiers  under  Gen.  Lee  pro 
fessed  conversion,  baptizing  himself  520  soldiers, 
and  laboring  in  meetings  which  resulted  in  the 
conversion  of  at  least  2000.  In  1865  he  took  charge 
of  Goshen  and  Lexington  churches,  Rockbridge 
Co.,  Ya.,  and  in  1866  devoted  himself  exclusively 
to  the  latter,  remaining  until  July,  1871.  His  ser 
vices  here  were  greatly  blessed.  During  his  six 
years'  pastorate  in  the  valley  he  baptized  200  per 
sons,  and  labored  in  meetings  in  which  250  others 
professed  conversion.  Dr.  Jones's  residence  in 
Lexington  opened  up  to  him  special  opportunities 
for  doing  good,  for  he  was  one  of  the  chaplains  of 
Washington  College,  of  which  Gen.  R.  E.  Lee  was 


JONES 


618 


president,  and  also  gave  much  time  to  the  students 
of  the  Virginia  Military  Institute,  where,  during 
one  session,  there  were  over  101 1  professions  of  con 
version  in  connection  with  a  series  of  prayer- 
meetings  which  he  conducted.  Of  those  whom  he 
baptized  while  at  Lexington,  eight  have  become 
useful  Baptist  ministers,  and  fifteen  clergymen  in 
other  denominations.  During  1S71  he  acted  as 
agent  for  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Semi 
nary,  laboring  mainly  in  Georgia  and  Alabama. 
In  1ST-  lie  became  general  superintendent  of  the 
Virginia  Baptist  Sunday-School  and  Baptist  Board, 
and  held  the  position  until  June,  1874.  In  1875  he 
took  charge  of  the  Ashland  Baptist  church,  of 
which  he  is  still  the  pastor.  Dr.  Jones  has  per 
formed  some  admirable  literary  work.  In  1S74  he 
published,  through  the  Appletons,  of  New  York, 
"  Reminiscences,  Anecdotes,  and  Letters  of  Gen. 
11.  E.  Lee,"  which  received  the  warmest  commen 
dations  of  critics  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  and 
which  an  accomplished  scholar  designates  as  "one 
of  the  most  charming  semi-biographies  in  the  lan 
guage."  Of  this  work  20,000  copies  have  already 
been  sold,  lie  is  diligently  at  work  now  on  sev 
eral  historical  works,  among  which  are  a  "  Life  of 
Gen.  Stonewall  Jackson,"  and  a  "History  of  the 
Revivals  in  the  Confederate  Army,"  the  latter  of 
which,  from  the  fact  that  he  was  actively  engaged 
in  them,  will  be  looked  for  with  eager  interest  by 
the  Christian  public,  lie  is  also  at  the  present 
time  secretary  of  the  Southern  Historical  Society, 
and  editor  of  their  monthly  paper.  Dr.  Jones 
also  had  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  best 
"  special  correspondents"  that  prepared  for  the 
newspapers  accounts  of  the  terrible  battle-scenes  I 
of  the  war.  One  who  knows  the  subject  of  our 
sketch  intimately  describes  him  as  "  a  noble  man 
every  way, — large  in  body  and  heart,  liberal  to  a 
fault,  the  truest  of  friends,  and  a  man  of  such 
strong  will  that  he  would  die  for  his  convictions  on 
any  point." 

The  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  was  conferred  upon 
him  in  1874  by  the  Washington  and  Lee  Univer 
sity,  Virginia. 

Jones,  Rev.  Miller,  A.M.,  was  born  July  3, 

1830,  in  Hilltown  Township,  Bucks  Co..  Pa.  His 
father,  John  M.  Jones,  died  Nov.  30,  1839  ;  his 
mother,  Mary  Hines  Jones,  is  still  living,  in  her 
seventy-sixth  year.  Both  parents  were  baptized 
at  an  early  ago  by  Rev.  Joseph  Matthias.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Joseph 
II.  Kennard,  D.D.,  in  April,  1846.  He  was  subse 
quently  licensed  by  the  Tenth  Baptist  church,  Phil 
adelphia,  to  preach  the  gospel  ;  graduated  from  the 
university  at  Lewisburg  in  1856,  and  from  the 
theological  department  in  1858  ;  ordained  as  a  Bap 
tist  minister  a  few  weeks  afterwards  by  a  council 
convened  by  the  Marcus  Hook  Baptist  church,  Pa. 


lie  continued  pastor  of  this  church  for  three  years 
and  three  months,  and  was  greatly  prospered.  His 
second  pastorate  was  over  the  Bridgeport  Baptist 
church,  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  and  continued  with 
most  encouraging  results  for  more  than  two  years. 
The  third  settlement  was  witli  the  Moorestown. 
N.  J.,  Baptist  church,  which  continued  for  four 
years.  Here  a  most  delightful  and  extensive  re 
vival  was  enjoyed.  His  fourth  pastorate  was  with 
the  Marlton,  N.  J.,  Baptist  church,  which  contin 
ued,  with  many  tokens  of  divine  favor,  for  three 
years.  His  fifth  charge  was  the  Second  Baptist 
church  of  Reading,  Pa.  Here  a  large  number  of 
conversions  occurred,  and  much  prosperity  was 
enjoyed,  but  a  call  coming  from  the  Bridgeport 
Baptist  church  to  assume  a  second  time  the  pastoral 
charge,  his  sixth  settlement  was  with  this  beloved 
church.  Here  a  steady  and  solid  growth  of  the 
church  was  enjoyed  during  the  eight  years  of  a 
very  happy  pastorate.  Jan.  1,  1880,  he  entered 
upon  the  pastorate  at  Village  Green,  Pa.  A  Bap 
tist  church  has  since  been  organized  and  recognized. 
A  baptistery,  with  additional  rooms  for  the  conve 
nience  of  the  candidates,  is  now  being  constructed, 
and  the  whole  property  is  being  put  in  the  best 
repair  through  the  liberality  of  Mrs.  J.  P.  Crozer. 
The  prospects  for  growth  are  encouraging.  About 
300  persons  have  been  baptized  during  his  ministry. 
Jones,  Nathan  Levering,  A.M.,  of  Rox- 
borough,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  was  born  Aug.  3, 
1816,  and  was  a  son  of  Rev.  Horatio  Gates  Jones, 
D.D.  He  received  his  early  education  at  the  Rox- 
borough  Academy,  and  also  at  Haddington  College, 
and  was  one  of  its  first  students.  Before  gradu 
ating  he  entered  into  business,  and  located  at  Rox- 
borough,  in  the  lumber  trade,  which  he  continued 
to  pursue  during  the  remainder  of  his  life.  When 
quite  young  he  joined  the  Lower  Merion  Baptist 
church,  of  which  his  father  was  pastor,  and  he  was 
a  constituent  member  of  the  Balligomingo  church. 
His  membership  was  finally  removed  to  Merion,  of 
which  church  he  was  a  deacon  at  the  time  of  his 
death.  Mr.  Jones  was  highly  esteemed,  and  was 
elected  to  many  offices  of  trust  and  honor.  He  was 
a  director  and  also  controller  of  the  public  schools 
of  Philadelphia,  a  director  of  the  Bank  of  German- 
town,  and  of  the  Germantown  Mutual  Insurance 
Company.  For  over  twenty  years  he  was  president 
of  the  Roxborough  Lyceum.  His  death,  which 
was  sudden,  occurred  on  Saturday  evening,  April 
19,  1879.  Asa  husband  and  father  he  was  loving 
and  affectionate,  as  a  neighbor  he  was  most  highly 
esteemed,  as  a  citizen  he  was  honored,  and  as  a 
Christian  he  was  devoted.  His  memory  is  highly 
cherished  in  the  community  where  he  had  so  long 
lived.  Mr.  Jones  for  several  years  was  active  in 
the  temperance  work,  and  as  a  public  man  exerted 
a  great  influence  in  that  direction  among  his  asso- 


JONES 


619 


ciates.  He  was  also  largely  interested  in  the  cause 
of  education,  especially  of  ministerial,  and  was  a 
manager  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  Education 
Society.  In  their  obituary  report  for  1879,  the 
committee,  speaking  of  Mr.  Jones,  say,  "  lie  was 
a  man  of  considerable  prominence  in  the  commu 
nity  where  he  was  born  and  lived,  lie  filled  many 
positions  of  public  trust  with  a  fidelity  which  com 
manded  confidence  and  inspired  respect.  His 
memory  is  blessed  both  in  the  church  and  in  so 
ciety,  for  he  was  a  staunch  Christian  and  a  true 
and  noble  man."  The  honorary  degree  of  Master 
of  Arts  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  University 
at  Lewisburg. 

Jones,  Rev.  Philip  L.,  was  born  in  England  in 
1838;  was  baptized  at  East  Clarence,  N.  Y.,  in 
1854  ;  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Rochester 
and  at  Rochester  Theological  Seminary,  graduating 
from  the  latter  institution  in  1868  ;  ordained  the 
same  year  at  Dunkirk,  N.  Y.  In  1870  he  was 
called  to  the  pastorate  of  the  South  Broad  Street 
church,  Philadelphia,  then  a  mission  of  the  First 
church.  He  still  continues  to  labor  in  this  field, 
which  has  quietly  and  steadily  grown  under  his 
efficient  and  faithful  ministry.  lie  is  a  member  of 
the  board  of  managers  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist 
Education  Society,  and  was  for  several  years  the 
secretary  of  the  Philadelphia  Conference  of  Baptist 
ministers.  He  is  a  man  of  gentle  and  winning 
manners  ;  and  his  sermons  and  writings  are  clear, 
forceful,  and  poetic. 

Jones,  Rev.  Robert  B. — The  Baptists  of  North 
Carolina  have  produced  no  more  remarkable  man 
than  Robert  B.  Jones.  lie  was  born  in  Person 
Co.,  N.  C.  ;  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Mill 
Creek  church  ;  went  as  a  soldier  to  Mexico,  to  get 
rid  of  the  duty  of  preaching;  fought  bravely  till 
the  army  reached  the  city  of  Mexico,  when  he  wns 
pronounced  an  incurable  consumptive,  and  told  by 
the  surgeons  that  he  would  never  again  see  North 
Carolina.  On  his  way  to  Yera  Cruz,  expecting  to 
die,  he  promised  the  Lord  that  if  he  would  allow 
him  to  reach  Xorth  Carolina  again  he  would  preach 
as  much  as  he  wished.  From  this  time  he  began 
to  improve;  he  entered  Wake  Forest  College  in 
1854,  but  after  studying  a  year  or  two  was  obliged 
to  leave  on  account  of  ill  health.  He  went  up  on 
the  Catawba  River  and  did  good  service  for  the 
Master,  and  in  1858  returned  to  college,  and  grad 
uated  in  18(51.  He  was  pastor  of  Hartford  church 
for  several  years,  became  agent  of  his  alma  mater 
in  1806-67,  and  died  at  the  college  in  December, 
1867. 

Jones,  Samuel,  D.D.,  was  born  Jan.  14,  1735, 
in  Glamorganshire,  "Wales,  and  was  brought  to 
this  country  two  years  afterwards  by  his  parents. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  College  of  Phila 
delphia,  and  graduated  in  1762 ;  and  in  the  begin 


ning  of  the  next  year  he  was  ordained  to  the  min 
istry  of  the  gospel.  In  1763  he  became  pastor  of 
the  Lower  Dublin  Baptist  church,  and  he  held  that 
office  until  his  death,  which  occurred  Feb.  7,  1814. 


SAMUEL    JONES,   D.D. 

Dr.  Jones,  if  not  superior  in  scholarly  attain 
ments  to  every  other  American  Baptist  of  his  day, 
was  equaled  by  few,  and  surpassed  by  none.  His 
wisdom  in  managing  difficult  matters  was  as  strik 
ing  as  his  learning  was  remarkable.  At  an  early 
period  of  his  life  he  became  the  most  influential  Bap 
tist  minister  in  the  middle  colonies,  and  probably 
in  the  whole  country.  Dr.  Jones,  when  a  young 
man,  was  sent  by  the  Philadelphia  Association  to 
Rhode  Island,  to  assist  in  founding  Rhode  Island 
College.  At  Newport  he  remodeled  the  rough 
draft  of  the  college  charter,  which  soon  after  ob 
tained  the  sanction  of  the  Legislature  of  Rhode 
Island.  He  prepared  a  new  treatise  of  discipline 
for  the  Philadelphia  Confession  of  Faith  by  re 
quest  of  the  Association  in  1798.  Dr.  Jones,  Rev. 
David  Jones,  and  Dr.  Burgiss  Allison  compiled  a 
selection  of  hymns  for  the  use  of  the  churches.  In 
18U7  he  preached  the  centenary  sermon  of  the 
Philadelphia  Association,  which  was  published 
witli  the  volume  of  "  Minutes  for  One  Hundred 
Years,"  by  the  Baptist  Publication  Society.  His 
name  occurs  continually  in  the  minutes  of  the  As 
sociation  for  half  a  century,  as  moderator,  preacher, 
committecman.  or  writer  of  the  circular  letter. 
"  Dr.  Jones  was  a  ready  writer  and  a  fluent  speaker ; 
he  was  a  large  and  firmly-built  man,  six  feet  or 
more  in  height,  and  in  every  way  well-propor- 


JOXKS 


620 


JONES 


tioncd.     His   lace   was   the   very  image  of  intelli 
gence  and  good  nature,  which,  with  the  air  of  dig 
nity   that  pervaded   his    movements,    rendered  his  ! 
appearance  uncommonly  attractive/' 

He  educated  many  young  men  lor  the  Christian 
ministry,  some  of  whom  attained  distinction  for 
their  talents,  learning,  and  usefulness. 

On  the  death  of  Dr.  Manning,  Dr.  -Jones  received 
a  letter  from  Judge  David  Howell  informally 
offering  him  the  presidency  of  Rhode  Island  Col 
lege.  Secretary  Howell  informed  him  that  "  the 
eyes  of  the  corporation  (of  the  college)  seemed  to 
be  fixed  on  him  for  a  successor  to  Dr.  Manning." 

This  great  and  good  man  was  largely  blessed  in 
his  ministry  ;  and  he  exerted  a  vast  and  useful 
influence  over  the  rising  Baptist  churches  of  our 
country. 

Jones,  Rev.  Thomas  Z.  R.,  was  born  in  the 
parsonage  of  the  Great  Valley  church,  Pa.,  July  | 
•23,  1803,  and  died  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  July  2. 
1S70.  His  father  was  Rev.  Richard  Jones,  a  native 
of  Wales.  In  1835,  Brother  Jones  came  to  Michigan 
Territory  to  take  up  his  work.  Years  before  he 
had  selected  that  as  his  field  of  labor.  He  took 
the  right  wing  of  the  little  army  of  invasion  that 
was  strung  along  the  rivers  St.  Clair,  Detroit, 
Raisin,  and  Maumee.  Up  and  down  the  St.  Clair 
and  back  into  the  woods  wherever  a  settler  had. 
pushed,  he  preached  in  the  wilderness  and  sought 
the  sheep.  There  he  nursed  his  sick,  and  buried 
the  members  of  his  young  family,  and  saw  the 
salvation  of  God.  The  China  church,  as  then 
called,  was  a  visible  result,  and  much  seed  for 
other  harvests  was  sown.  The  missionary  spirit 
thrusting  him  on,  he  reached  the  spiritual  solitude 
between  Jackson  and  Kalama/.oo,  and  struck  in  on 
its  eastern  edge.  Spring  Arbor,  Concord,  Albion, 
Marengo,  and  Marshall  in  turn  responded  to  his 
wrork,  and  he  saw  the  churches  in  them  planted  and 
acquiring  growth,  and  watered  by  gracious  revivals. 
Then  he  struck  through  to  Grand  Rapids,  and  was 
one  of  the  first  and  best  master-builders  on  the 
Baptist  foundation  there.  He  went  to  Kalamazoo, 
from  which  he  has  gone  to  and  fro  in  his  agency  ser 
vices,  with  occasional  short  pastorates  so  mixed  in 
as  not  to  break  up  his  home,  where  so  many  youth 
of  the  schools  have  been  succored,  and  where  he 
still  lives.  All  older  Michigan  is  a  road  where  his 
wheels  have  made  and  worn  marks  as  he  sought 
supplies  for  domestic  mission  and  educational 
works;  also  for  our  societies  for  evangelization, 
foreign  as  well  as  home. 

His  sympathies  were  broad  as  human  want,  his 
contributions  from  the  smallest  of  incomes — with 
which  he  always  seemed  contented — were  constant 
and  liberal,  his  business  habits  painstaking  and 
just,  and  his  heart  sincere.  lie  gave  forty-one  years 
of  good  and  faithful  work  to  Michigan. 


Jones,  T.  GK,  D.D.,  is  a  native  of  Virginia,  and 
like  many  other  Virginians,  not  a  little  proud  of 
his  State.  His  father,  AVood  Jones,  of  Xottoway, 
was  a  relative  of  U.  S.  Senator  Jones,  and  of  John 


T.  G.   JONES,   I). I). 

Winston  Jones,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  ;  and  his  mother,  Elizabeth  Trent  Archer, 
of  Powhatan,  of  U.  S.  Senator  Wm.  S.  Archer,  and 
of  Branch  T.  Archer,  who  figured  conspicuously 
in  the  earlier  councils  of  Texas.  He  was  early 
doubly  orphaned,  his  mother  dying  when  he  was 
about  three  years  old,  and  his  father  a  few  months 
later.  In  his  boyhood  he  was  with  one  of  his 
brothers,  who  afterwards  graduated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Virginia  and  became  a  lawyer  of  distinction. 
When  about  eighteen  years  of  age  he  entered  the 
Virginia  Baptist  Seminary,  now  Richmond  College. 
After  being  there  some  time  he  decided  to  devote 
himself  to  the  ministry,  and  was  licensed  by  the 
Second  Baptist  church  of  Richmond,  whose  pastor, 
the  late  revered  James  B.  Taylor,  had  a  few  years 
before  baptized  him.  Leaving  that  institution,  he 
entered  the  University  of  Virginia,  from  which, 
after  a  two  years'  course,  he  went  to  William  and 
Mary  College,  where  he  graduated.  Immediately 
after  taking  his  degree  he  went  to  Alabama,  and 
for  a  year  or  two  taught  a  few  hours  daily  in  a 
private  family,  devoting  the  rest  of  his  time  to 
theological  study  and  occasional  preaching.  Re 
turning  to  Virginia,  he  preached  for  a  few  months 
in  Clarksville,  on  the  North  Carolina  border; 
when,  although  not  yet  ordained  to  the  full  work 
of  the  ministry,  he  was  elected  the  first  pastor  of 


621 


JONKS 


the  Freemason  Street  church  of  Norfolk,  with 
which,  though  often  invited  to  more  prominent 
positions  in  the  larger  cities,  he  continued  until  the 
late  war,  when  he  was  compelled  to  leave.  He 
found  an  asylum  in  Baltimore  as  pastor  of  the 
Franklin  Square  church.  "When  the  war  closed  he 
was  recalled  to  Norfolk,  where  he  remained  until 
he  was  elected  to  the  presidency  of  Richmond  Col 
lege.  Continuing  at  the  head  of  that  institution 
for  several  years,  he  was  again  recalled  to  his  old 
charge  at  Norfolk.  About  ten  years  ago,  having 
been  elected  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of 
Nashville,  he  removed  to  that  city,  where  he  still 
resides.  Dr.  Jones  has  been  honored  by  the  col 
leges.  At  the  University  of  Virginia  lie  was  the 
valedictory  orator  of  his  society,  and  received  the 
same  honor  upon  his  graduation  at  William  and 
Mary  College.  While  pastor  of  the  church  at 
Norfolk  he  was  elected  president  of  Wake  Forest 
College,  North  Carolina,  and  a  few  years  later, 
president  of  Mercer  University,  Ga.  Both  these 
appointments,  however,  he  felt  constrained  to  re 
fuse  from  his  reluctance  to  leave  his  first  beloved 
and  loving  charge.  Richmond  College  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  D.I).,  and,  as  already  stated, 
called  him  a  few  years  later  to  its  presidency. 
Closely  engaged  in  preaching  and  other  pastoral 
work,  he  has  not  written  much.  Still,  his  pen  has 
not  been  idle  altogether.  Besides  a  number  of  pub 
lished  addresses  before  literary  and  other  bodies, 
unpublished  lectures,  and  papers  in  various  peri 
odicals,  he  has  written  three  small  books,  the 
first  a  prize  essay,  on  "The  Duties  of  Pastors  to 
Churches,''  which  was  published  in  Charleston  by 
the  Southern  Baptist  Publication  Society  :  the  sec 
ond  on  the  ''  Origin  and  Continuity  of  the  Bap 
tist  Churches,"  published  by  the  American  Baptist 
Publication  Society  ;  and  the  third  entitled  "  The 
Great  Misnomer,  or  the  Lord's  Supper,  miscalled 
the  Communion."  These  have  met  with  a  ready 
sale,  and  are  highly  commended.  Dr.  Jones  is  re 
garded  as  one  of  the  finest  pulpit  orators  of  the 
nation,  and  highly  esteemed  by  his  charge  in  Nash 
ville. 

He  has  been  for  several  sessions  one  of  the  vice- 
presidents  of  the  Southern  Baptist  Convention,  and 
is  now  first  vice-president  of  the  board  of  trustees 
of  the  Southern  Baptist  Seminary.  He  is  possessed 
of  rare  dignity  of  manners,  fine  scholarship,  and  a 
blessed  record. 

Jones,  Washington  (son  of  William  G.  Jones), 
was  born  in  Wilmington,  Del.,  Jan.  5,  1818  :  com 
menced  business  for  himself  in  his  native  place  in 
November,  1839  ;  was  a  director  of  what  is  now 
the  National  Bank  of  Wilmington  and  Brandy- 
wine  for  thirty  years,  of  which  he  was  elected 
president  in  1868,  which  position  he  still  holds. 
He  is  a  manager  of  the  Saving  Fund,  a  prosperous 


institution,  whose  object  is  to  help  the  poor  to  save 
their  earnings  ;  was  prime  mover  in  the  introduction 
of  gas  into  the  city  in  1850,  and  has  been  a  director 
of  the  gas  company  since  its  formation. 


WASHINGTON'    JONES. 

The  emperor  Dom  Pedro,  of  Brazil,  when  in 
this  country  in  1876.  visited  the  factory  of  Mr. 
Jones,  by  whom  he  was  shown  through  the  estab 
lishment  and  the  various  processes  explained  to 
him.  He  secured  much  pleased  with  the  operations 
and  took  extensive  notes. 

Mr.  Jones  was  converted  in   1841,  and  baptized 

into  the  fellowship  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  on 

the  2d   of  January  in   that  year:    was   elected   a 

trustee  of  the  church  July  '.<  of  the  same  year,  and 

j  president  of  the  board  April  26,  1860,  which  office 

I  he  held  until  1876,  when  he  resigned  ;  was  elected 

a  deacon  in  June,  1S53,  which  office  he  still  holds; 

was  treasurer  of  the  church  for  seventeen  years, 

and  superintendent  of  the   Sabbath-school  fifteen 

years. 

In  1852  the  church  resolved  to  rebuild  in  a  new 
location,  and  Mr.  Jones  was  made  chairman  of  the 
building  committee,  and  took  an  active  part  in 
erecting  their  present  handsome  and  commodious 
house  of  worship,  both  by  his  own  large  contribu 
tions  and  zealous  efforts  in  collecting  funds  from 
others.  Besides,  he  gave  much  time  and  personal 
attention  to  the  erection  of  the  edifice,  and  when  it 
was  completed  gave  his  individual  note  for  part  of 
the  debt  remaining  upon  it. 

Mr.  Jones  is  the  largest  contributor  to  the  funds 
of  the  church  of  which  he  is  a  member,  besides 


JOXKS 


JOXKS 


giving  for  missions  and  other  benevolent  objects  at 
home  and  abroad.  He  lias  the  respect  of  the  whole 
community  and  the  love  of  his  brethren.  A  man 
of  piety,  ho  is  active  in  church  work,  prompt  and 
faithful  in  the  discharge  of  his  Christian  duties, 
and  speaks  and  prays  with  great  acceptance  in  the 
public;  meetings  of  the  church  and  of  the  denomi 
nation. 

Jones,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  the  county 
of  Denbigh,  in  Wales,  June  17,  1762.  When  young 
he  removed  to  Poulton,  in  Cheshire,  where;  he  re 
ceived  a  classical  education.  In  October,  I  "SO,  he 
was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  Archibald  McLean,  of 
Edinburgh,  then  on  a  visit  to  Chester,  in  the 
river  Dee. 

In  1793  he  established  himself  in  Liverpool  as  a 
wholesale  bookseller  and  publisher.  In  that  city 
he  began  to  hold  meetings  in  his  own  spacious 
drawing-room,  at  first  for  his  own  family,  for 
prayer,  praise,  reading  the  Scriptures,  exhortation, 
and  exposition.  These  assemblies  were  speedily 
frequented  by  neighbors  and  others,  and  soon  they 
were  transferred  to  a  chapel,  when  a  church  was 
formed,  and  Mr.  1).  S.  Wylie  and  Mr.  Jones  were 
appointed  pastors. 

Mr.  Jones  left  Liverpool  for  London,  and  in 
1812.  soon  after  he 'went  to  the  metropolis,  he  be 
gan  his  '•  History  of  the  Waldenses  and  Albi- 
genses." 

In  1S1,">  he  started  the  JVrfo  Evangelical  Maga 
zine,  in  London  ;  this  periodical,  subsequently 
called  the  Xew  Jiaptisf  Magazine,  was  conducted 
by  Mr.  Jones  with  great  success  for  eleven  years. 

He  spent  three  years  in  preparing  a  "  Dictionary 
of  the  Sacred  Writings,"  the  first  edition  of  which, 
consisting  of  2000  copies,  was  quickly  sold. 

His  Church  History,  of  which  his  ;-  History  of 
the  Waldenses  and  Albigenses''  is  not  quite  a  half, 
is  a  work  highly  creditable  to  the  research  and 
candor  of  its  author  and  worthy  of  a  conspicuous 
place  in  every  Baptist  Horary. 

Mr.  Jones  was  the  author  of  biographies  of 
Rowland  Hill,  Edward  Irving,  Adam  Clark,  and 
of  several  other  works. 

He  was  a  writer  of  great  industry  and  conscien 
tiousness;  and  in  the  latter  part  of  his  life  his 
works  were  very  popular  among  Baptists. 

In  1S43,  when  his  means  were  very  limited,  the 
queen  offered  him  a  place  in  the  Charterhouse, 
where  all  his  wants  would  be  cared  for  during  the 
rest  of  his  life  ;  but,  as  the  acceptance  of  it  required 
him  to  become  an  Episcopalian,  he  declined  the 
royal  offer.  The  queen  on  learning  the  fact  or 
dered  £60  to  be  paid  Mr.  Jones  in  three  annual 
installments.  He  died  in  January,  1846. 

Jones,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  Wake  Co.. 
N.  C..  about  1800  ;  was  graduated  at  Wake  Forest 
in  1839,  and  for  many  years  was  the  agent  of  the 


State    Convention.       lie   was   a    «;ood    and    useful 


Jones,  William  G.,  was  born  in  Wilmington, 
Del.,  Sept.  3,  1784  ;  was  baptized  April  3,  1803, 
upon  profession  of  his  faith,  in  the  Brandywirie, 
by  Rev.  Daniel  Dodge,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church,  lie  was  the  first  person  baptized  in  Wil 
mington  by  Mr.  Dodge,  who  afterwards  became 
pastor  of  the  Second  Baptist  church.  Philadelphia. 

About  IS]  2  he,  with  others,  united  in  the  organi 
zation  of  another  church,  which  disbanded  after  an 
existence;  of  two  years.  He  then  united  with  the 
Marcus  Hook  church,  arid  was  at  once  elected 
deacon.  For  years  he  walked  to  and  from  "  the 
Hook,"  a  distance  of  twenty  miles,  to  attend  the 
services  on  the  Sabbath. 

In  1843,  when  Rev.  Morgan  J.  Rhees  became 
pastor  of  the  Second  church,  Wilmington,  Mr. 
Jones  united  with  that  body,  by  which  he  was 
chosen  a  deacon.  lie  retained  his  membership  and 
office  until  his  death,  Jan.  20,  1873.  He  died  in  the 
house  in  which  he  was  born,  and  in  which  he  lived 
nearly  all  his  life. 

Mr.  Jones  was  to  a  large  extent  identified  with 
the  Baptist  history  of  Delaware  and  Southeastern 
Pennsylvania.  His  house  was  a  home  for  minis 
ters,  and  among  the  many  eminent  men  who  en 
joyed  its  hospitalities  were  John  Leland,  Dr. 
Staughton,  Luther  Rice,  and  Dr.  J.  L.  Dagg. 

His  fidelity  to  truth  was  unswerving,  and  his 
business  integrity  unquestionable.  He  was  urbane 
even  in  old  age,  and  his  conversation  highly  en 
tertaining  and  instructive  to  the  young.  His  Chris 
tian  character  was  of  the  positive  type,  and  the 
conversion  of  most  of  his  children,  and  of  many  of 
his  grandchildren,  bears  testimony  to  his  domestic 
piety.  By  industry  and  economy  he  acquired  the 
pecuniary  means  which  he  used  to  support  and  ad 
vance  the  cause  of  Christ,  to  which  he  also  devoted 
his  time,  energies,  and  prayers. 

Jones,  Wm.  P.,  M.D.,  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,was 
born  in  Adair  Co.,  Ky.,  Oct.  17,  1819.  At  the  age 
of  twenty  he  entered  the  Louisville  Medical  Insti 
tute,  and  subsequently  received  a  diploma  from  the 
Medical  College  of  Ohio  and  the  Memphis  Medical 
College.  He  first  established  himself  in  the  prac 
tice  of  his  profession  at  Edmonton,  Ky.,  afterwards 
removing  to  Bowling  Green,  and  finally  to  Nash 
ville,  Tenn. 

Dr.  Jones  is  a  member  of  the  American  Medical 
Association,  Association  of  American  Superinten 
dents  of  Hospitals  for  the  Insane,  American  As 
sociation  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  Ten 
nessee  State  Medical  Society,  and  the  Medical 
Society  of  Davidson  County.  He  was  one  of  the 
editors  of  the  Southern  Journal  of  the  Medical  and 
P/ii/sical  Sciences  in  1853,  and  for  several  years 
thereafter ;  he  established  and  edited  the  Parlor 


JONES 


(V23 


JOKI)  AN 


Visitor  in  1852,  and  in  1874  became  associate  editor 
(if  the  Tennessee  School  Journal. 

In  1858  he,  with  others,  founded  the  Shelby 
Medical  College,  in  which  lie  was  Professor  of 
Materia  Mcdica. 

Academy  Hospital,  the  first  established  in  Nash 
ville  after  the  arrival  of  the  Union  forces,  was 


H'IM.IAM     P.     JONES.    M .  I). 

under  his  charge.  In  18G2  he  was  elected  super 
intendent  of  the  Tennessee  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 
Through  his  persistent  and  earnest  appeals  to  the 
State  Legislature  the  funds  were  provided  for,  and 
Dr.  Jones  had  the  pleasure  of  erecting  a  separate 
and  suitable  building  for  the  insane  colored  people, 
the  first  institution  of  the  kind  in  America. 

The  affairs  of  the  State  institution  were  admin 
istered  fairly  and  impartially,  and  Dr.  Jones  was 
unanimously  re-elected  for  a  period  of  eight  years. 

In  1870  he  was  elected  president  of  Nashville 
Medical  College. 

The  people  have  frequently  demanded  his  public 
services,  and  he  has  rendered  them  with  great  dis 
tinction  as  president  of  Nashville  city  council  and 
as  State  senator  from  Nashville.  While  acting  in 
the  last  capacity  he  was  made  chairman  of  the 
school  committee,  and  introduced  the  present  public 
school  law  of  Tennessee,  which  provides  equal  edu 
cational  advantages  for  all  the  children  of  the  State 
without  regard  to  race,  color,  or  previous  condition. 

Dr.  Jones  has  been  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
church  since  1886.  and  he  is  now  president  of  the 
Tennessee  Baptist  State  Convention,  and  an  honor 
to  the  Baptists  in  Tennessee. 


Jordan,  Rev.  F.  M.,  was  born  in  Montgomery 
Co.,  N.  C..  June  4,  1830;  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Kli  Phillips  in  1843  ;  went  to  Wake  Forest  College 
in  1S50,  and  was  ordained  in  1853.  lie  has  labored 
as  pastor  in  Orange,  Caswell,  Person,  and  Davidson 
Counties. 

For  the  last  six  years  Mr.  Jordan  has  given  him 
self  to  the  work  of  an  evangelist;  H'KK)  persons 
have  professed  faith  in  Christ  under  his  preaching. 
lie  has  been  a  laborious  and  useful  minister  of  the 
gospel.  He  has  one  son  in  the  ministry,  W.  T. 
Jordan,  pastor  at  Lumberton. 

Jordan,  Hon.  O'Bryan,  was  an  active  member 
of  the  Concord  Association  formed  in  1823  at  Mount 
Nebo  church,  in  Cooper  Co.,  Mo.  He  was  ap 
pointed  clerk  of  the  Association  at  its  organization. 
lie  was  a  member  of  the  Mount  Nebo  church,  and 
in  1824  he  read  a  circular  letter  before  it  which  he 
had  prepared  upon  the  Scriptural  argument  for  the 
support  of  the  ministry.  The  reasons  were  clear 
and  convincing,  lie  was  a  layman  of  remarkable 
devotion  and  purity  of  life.  He  was  for  years  a 
member  of  the  Legislature  from  Cooper  County, 
and  he  came  out  unstained  by  the  corruptions  of 
politics. 

Jordan,  The.— From  ~PT\  "yarad,"  to  descend  ; 
"the  river  of  God  ;''  probably  referred  to  in  Ps. 
Ixv.  VI ;  the  "  Descender,"  now  known  among  the 
Arabs  as  "  esh  Sheriah,"  the  watering-place.  Three 
main  sources  of  the  river  have  been  indicated  :  one 
at  Tell-el-Kadi,  the  site  of  the  ancient  Dan  of  the 
Israelites,  where  from  the  base  of  an  oblong  mound 
about  eighty  feet  above  the  plain  the  water  gushes 
out  in  rivulets  numerous  enough  to  form  a  consid 
erable  stream  :  another,  a  little  northeast  of  this 
point,  at  Banias,  the  ancient  Csesarea  Philippi, 
where  the  stream  can  be  traced  to  a  cave, — itself 
the  outlet  of  a  more  remote  forts, — whence  it  flows 
by  a  subterranean  course,  and  reappears  a  consid 
erable  stream  a  short  distance  from  the  grotto.  The 
third  leading  source  of  the  river  may  be  found, 
according  to  Lieut.  Lynch,  U.S.N.,  a  short  distance 
above  the  town  of  Hasbeiyeh,  where  two  copious 
streams  burst  from  the  base  of  a  precipitous  wall 
of  rock,  the  immediate  source  of  the  river  Hasbei- 
yf-h,  which  Lieut.  Lynch  regards,  however,  as  the 
true  Jordan,  rather  than  as  a  tributary  only. 

From  Tell-el-Kadi  the  river  flows  for  a  few  miles 
down  the  fertile  valley,  till  it  expands  into  Lake 
Iluleh,  "the  waters  of  Merom"  of  Scripture,  and 
about  nine  miles  below  this  pours  itself  into  the 
4i  Sea  of  Galilee/'  It  emerges  from  the  lake  at  its 
southern  end,  and  finally  buries  itself  in  the  Dead 
Sea.  Lieut.  Lynch,  who  gives  us  the  natural  history 
of  the  river  and  the  region  through  which  it  passes, 
speaks  of  it  at  one  stage  of  its  course  as  describing 
''a  series  of  frantic  curvilinears,  and  returning  in 
a  contrary  direction  to  its  main  course."  Between 


joint  AX 


624 


JORDAN 


the  Lake  of  Tiberias  and  the  Dead  Sea,  distant  in 
latitude  only  about  (10  miles,  the  river  describes  a 
course  of  fully  200  miles,  through  a  valley  aver 
aging  but  4  or  5  miles  in  width.  The  saint1  au 
thority  represents  it,  in  this  part  of  its  course,  as 
ranging  from  3  to  12  feet  in  depth,  and  in  width 
from  25  to  ISO  yards,  where  it  pours  into  the  Dead 
Sea. 

As  "  the  Jordan"  or  "  Descender,"  the  river  is 
most  appropriately  named.  From  the  Lake  of  Ti 
berias  to  its  final  outlet  in  the  Dead  Sea  its  descent 
is  over  1000  feet  in  tho  short  distance  of  CO  miles. 
As  a  consequence,  the  American  explorers  en 
countered  during  the  passage  of  the  river  between 
these  points  no  less  than  twenty-seven  threatening 
rapids,  many  others  of  lesser  note,  and  numerous 
cascades  and  waterfalls.  By  its  annual  inunda 
tions  the  river  appears  to  have  burrowed  out  a 
channel  above  the  one  it  ordinarily  pursues,  so  that 
for  a  considerable  part,  of  its  course  there  are  plain 
indications  of  terraced  or  double  banks.  For  some 
distance  below  the  Lake  of  Tiberias,  Lieut.  Lynch 
found  a  luxuriant  vegetation  along  its  borders, 
while  in  patches  hen;  and  there  the  valley  bore 
traces  of  careful  cultivation.  But  the  lower  Ghor, 
until  the  stream  was  lost  in  the  Salt  Sea,  presented 
a  picture  of  dreary  sterility,  and  almost  savage 
desolation.  Tracks  of  the  tiger  and  boar  were 
clearly  discerned,  where  the  banks  of  the  river  were 
low  enough  to  furnish  a  thicket  for  their  lair. 
Numerous  small  islands,  a  number  of  tributaries, 
and  the  remains  of  several  bridges  of  Roman  and 
Saracenic  architecture  were  passed  in  the  descent 
of  the  river.  But  little  need  be  said  of  the  fords. 
There  does  not  appear  to  have  been  at  any  time 
more  than  three  or  four  places  where  the  river 
could  be  safely  forded  when  swollen  after  the 
winter  rains.  But  two  fords  of  any  importance  are 
indicated  by  explorers, — one  at  a  point  now  known 
as  Sukwa.  in  line  with  the  road  from  Nablus  to 
Es-Siilt ;  the  other,  about  five  miles  from  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  and  over  against  Jericho,  now  desig 
nated  "  El-Meshra,"  the  Pilgrim's  Bathing-Place. 
Boats  may  have  been  anciently  used  in  crossing  the 
river,  but  as  an  appliance  now  in  going  from  bank 
to  bank  they  are  unknown.  The  course  of  the 
stream  at  times  is  between  high  banks  of  rock  or 
alluvium  :  at  other  points,  on  one  or  both  sides,  they 
recede  from  the  river,  and  in  such  cases  are  covered 
with  thicket  or  jungle. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  dwell  at  length  on  the  cir 
cumstances  and  incidents  that  lend  such  a  peculiar 
and  sacred  interest  to  this  river,  or  even  to  enu 
merate  all  of  them.  The  Jordan  was  the  eastern 
boundary  of  the  Promised  Land.  Josh.  i.  11.  Abra 
ham  sojourned  at  a  point  where  the  fertile  valley 
through  which  the  river  coursed  could  be  seen. 
Gen.  xiii.  3.  Jacob,  when  he  went  into  his  long 


exile,  crossed  it  with  his  stall'  alone,  arid  recrossed 
it  when  he  returned  as  two  bands.  Gen.  xxxii.  10. 
His  descendants,  as  they  terminated  their  long  wil 
derness  pilgrimage,  passed  dry-shod  through  its 
waters.  Josh.  iv.  10.  Elijah  and  Elisha  success 
ively  smote  it  with  their  mantles,  and  it  divided 
for  their  passage.  2  Kings  ii.  8  and  14.  Xaaman 
dipped  in  it  and  was  cleansed  of  his  leprosy.  2 
Kings  v.  14.  And  last  of  all  it  was  the  stream  where 
not  only  u  all  Jtidea  and  Jerusalem'1  were  baptized 
by  John  (.Matt.  iii.  5,  G),  but  the  Lord  himself,  v. 
It).  Here  the  interest  of  the  sacred  river  fitly  cul 
minates.  Enon,  near  to  Salem  (John  iii.  23  i,  where 
the  Baptist  in  his  later  ministry  baptized,  cannot 
now  with  absolute  certainty  be  identified.  It  ap 
pears,  however,  most  probably  to  have  been  situated 
at  a  point  a  few  miles  below  the  ancient  Bethshean. 
now  Beisan,  near  or  at  one  of  the  fords  of  the  river. 
and  where,  either  from  the  depth  or  quantity  of 
water,  or  the  nature  of  its  banks,  there  were  the 
desired  facilities  for  the  administration  of  baptism. 
Whatever  the  uncertainty,  however,  attending  the 
site  of  Enon,  manifold  and  unbroken  tradition 
points  to  the  ford  nearly  opposite  Jericho,  and 
about  five  miles  from  the  Dead  Sea,  as  the  place 
hallowed  by  the  baptism  of  the  Messiah.  Above 
and  below  this  locality,  now  known,  as  intimated, 
as  '•  the  Pilgrim's  Bathing-Place,"  the  river  flows 
through  alluvial  banks  of  considerable  height,  but 
at  this  point  the  western  line  of  the  stream  forms  a 
cove,  where  the  strand  and  a  convenient  depth  for 
immersion  or  bathing  is  at  once  reached  by  a 
gradual  and  easy  descent.  In  the  narrative  of  his 
expedition,  Lieut.  Lynch,  who  was  an  eye-witness, 
describes  the  annual  ceremony  of  the  baptism  of 
the  pilgrims.  On  this  occasion,  from  5000  to  8000 
of  them  having  come  down  from  Jerusalem,  plunged 
tumultuously  into  the  stream,  immersing  them 
selves  and  each  other  three  times,  in  the  name  of 
the  Trinity.  At  this  point  he  describes  the  river 
as  120  feet  wide  and  12  feet  deep,  the  current  dan 
gerously  swift,  as  the  writer  of  this  article  himself 
discovered  when  bathing  in  the  river  but  a  few  feet 
from  the  banks.  Tradition  locates  the  ancient 
Bethabara,  "  the  House  of  the  Ford  or  Passage," 
at  a  point  near  the  eastern  bank  of  the  river,  and 
opposite  the  Pilgrim's  Bathing-Place. 

Jordan,  Rev.  William  Hull,  was  born  in  Bertie 
Co.,  X.  C.,  Aug.  15,  1803.  His  mother  afterwards 
married  the  Rev.  Mr.  Poindexter,  and  by  him 
became  the  mother  of  Dr.  A.  M.  Poindexter,  and 
to  the  piety  and  force  of  character  of  this  good 
woman,  who  consecrated  her  sons  to  God's  service 
at  their  birth,  is  our  Southern  Zion  indebted  for 
two  of  the  ablest  and  most  eloquent  ministers  who 
have  distinguished  her  annals.  Mr.  Jordan  was 
educated  at  Chapel  Hill,  professed  a  hope  in  Christ 
on  the  9th  of  December,  1823,  preached  his  first 


JOSLYN 


JUDSON 


sermon  on  the  25th  of  December  of  the  same  year, 
and  was  baptized  by  Rev.  Reuben  Lawrence,  Jan. 
25,  1824.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  Mr.  Jordan 
was  induced  by  the  pressure  of  his  brethren  to 
preach  before  he  was  baptized.  This  has  always 
been  a  source  of  sincere  sorrow  to  him,  but  it  may 
be  doubted  whether  it  should  be,  since  it  is  said  a 
great. revival  began  from  his  preaching,  spreading 
over  several  counties,  and  resulting  in  the  conver 
sion  of  2000  souls.  Besides  serving  a  number  of 
churches  in  the  country,  Mr.  Jordan  has  been  pas 
tor  of  churches  in  Raleigh,  Wilmington,  Lilesville, 
and  Wadesborough,  X.  C.,  Clarksville  and  Peters 
burg.  Va.,  Norristown,  Pa.,  and  Sumter,  S.  C. 
He  was  for  a  long  time  the  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  Baptist  State  Convention  :  was  twice  agent 
for  Wake  Forest  College,  giving  his  time  and  money 
for  its  release  from  financial  distress,  and  has 
worked  faithfully  for  its  prosperity  as  a  trustee. 
Mr.  Jordan  calls  himself  a  high-church  Baptist, 
and  has  spent  no  small  part  of  his  life  in  vindi 
cating  by  voice  and  pen  Baptist  and  Calvinistic 
principles.  lie  is  a  very  devout  man  and  a  sin 
gularly  eloquent  preacher. 

Joslyn,  Rev.  Adoniram  Judson,  during  many 

years  a  denominational  leader  in  Illinois,  and  one 
of  the  most  effective  preachers  in  the  State,  was 
born  Oct.  5,  1819.  lie  was  baptized  at  the  age  of 
fourteen  years,  uniting  with  the  Baptist  church  in 
Nunda,  N.  Y.,  where  his  early  life  had  been  spent. 
He  removed  to  Illinois  in  1838,  settling  at  Crystal 
Lake,  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State,  where  his 
first  occupation  was  that  of  a  farmer.  Drawn  to 
the  ministry  by  his  ardent  love  for  the  cause  of 
Christ,  he  had  a  partial  course  of  study  with  a  neigh 
boring  pastor.  His  first  pastorate  was  at  Warrens- 
ville,  where  he  was  ordained  in  1842.  After  two 
years  he  removed  to  Elgin,  where  he  remained  eleven 
years.  In  1855  he  accepted  an  agency  for  Shurt- 
leff  College,  and  in  that  form  of  labor,  as  well  as 
in  efforts  of  a  like  kind  in  behalf  of  the  University 
of  Chicago,  he  rendered  important  service  in  the 
cause  of  education.  In  November,  1856,  he  organ 
ized  the  Union  Park  church  in  Chicago,  and  became 
its  first  pastor,  remaining  in  that  relation  three 
years.  His  health  having  become  impaired,  he  re 
turned  to  his  old  home  in  Elgin,  and  purchasing 
the  Gazette  in  that  city,  entered  upon  journalism, 
holding  at  the  same  time  the  office  of  postmaster 
of  the  town  ;  in  the  mean  time  preaching  for  desti 
tute  churches  as  his  state  of  health  would  allow. 
The  disease  which  had  begun  its  inroads  continued 
TO  make  progress  in  spite  of  all  efforts  to  check  it. 
He  lingered,  however,  until  Oct.  9,  1868,  when  his 
labors  and  sufferings  ended  in  rest.  Mr.  Joslyn 
was  an  ardent  friend  of  reform,  an  outspoken  tem 
perance  man,  always  bold,  direct,  and  effective  in 
his  advocacy  of  whatever  cause  enlisted  his  zeal. 


In  bis  relations  with  his  brethren  he  was  an  ac 
knowledged  leader,  with  marked  executive  ability 
and  rare  powers  of  public  speech. 

Journal  and  Messenger. — The  first  number  of 
a  paper  called  the  Jiaptist  \Veekly  Journal  of  the 
Mississippi  Valley  was  issued  at  Cincinnati.  0., 
July  22,  1831.  John  Stevens,  I). D.,  was  the  editor, 
and  Noble  S.  Johnson  publisher.  It  was  a  folio,  20 
by  13  inches  to  the  page,  and  the  subscription  price 
was  82.00  in  advance  or  S3. 00  at  the  end  of  the 
year.  It  had  in  three  years  a  subscription  list  of 
1300.  In  1834  the  Cross,  the  Baptist  paper  of 
Kentucky,  was  united  with  it,  and  it  became  The 
Cross  and  Baptist  Journal  of  the  Mississippi  Val 
ley.  At  the  end  of  seven  years  it  was  removed  to 
Columbus,  and  Rev.  George  Cole,  D.  A.  Randall, 
D.D.,  and  James  Batchelder  became  the  editors  and 
publishers,  the  name  being  changed  to  The  Cross 
and  Journal.  This  name  was  subsequently  still 
further  changed  to  the  Western  Christian  Journal. 
In  1850  The  Christian  Messenger,  of  Indiana,  having 
been  united  with  it,  it  was  removed  again  to  Cincin 
nati,  and  called  the  Journal  and  Messenger,  Rev.  E. 
D.  Owen  and  J.  L.  Batchelder  being  the  editors  and 
publishers.  In  December,  1856,  a  stock  company 
was  formed  called  the  Central  Baptist  Press  Com 
pany,  which  bought  out  the  interest  of  the  former 
publishers,  and  Rev.  George  Cole  again  became 
editor,  continuing  in  that  capacity  until  1865,  when 
Rev.  T.  J.  Melish  succeeded  him.  In  1867  the  form 
was  changed  from  folio  to  quarto.  In  1872,  Rev. 
J.  R.  Baumes,  D.D.,  became  the  editor,  with  Rev. 
W.  N.  Wyeth  as  associate  editor.  In  1876,  having 
purchased  all  the  stock  and  the  entire  interest  of 
the  paper,  Rev.  G.  W.  Lasher,  D.D.,  became  editor 
and  proprietor,  and  so  continues  until  the  present 
time.  The  present  form  of  the  paper  is  a  large 
quarto,  47  by  35  inches.  In  its  circulation  it  ranks 
fourth  among  the  Baptist  papers  of  this  country. 
It  is  devoted  to  the  advocacy  of  Baptist  principles, 
and  is  very  enterprising  in  gathering  denomina 
tional  news. 

Judd,  Rev.  J.  T.,  a  native  of  Canada,  was  born 
in  Toronto  Nov.  29,  1851,  and  became  a  graduate  of 
Columbian  University,  D.  C.,  in  1872,  and  of  Crozer 
Theological  Seminary  in  its  full  course  in  1875. 
He  was  ordained  at  the  call  of  the  Ilarrisburg 
church  Sept.  2,  1875.  In  this  church  he  has  re 
mained  ever  since,  and  has  succeeded  where  many 
others  have  failed.  The  church  has  become,  after 
many  years  of  painful  struggling,  a  self-supporting 
body.  Better  still,  it  has  developed  the  Christian 
grace  of  benevolence  to  a  remarkable  degree. 

Judson,  Adoniram,  D.D.,  the  eldest  son  of 
Adoniram  and  Abigail  Judson,  was  born  in  Mai 
den,  Mass.,  Aug.  9,  1788.  In  the  sixteenth  year 
of  his  age,  being  sufficiently  advanced  in  his  studies, 
he  entered  the  Sophomore  class  in  Brown  Univer- 


JUDSON 


J  I'D  SON 


sitv,  becoming  a  member  of  the  institution  on  the 
17th  of  August,  1S04.  lie  graduated  in  ISO"  with 
the  highest  honors  of  his  class.  At  the  time  of 
leaving  college  he  was  inclined  to  be  skeptical  in 
his  religious  opinions.  The  sudden  death  of  a 
classmate,  under  circumstances  of  peculiar  inter 
est,  was  the  means  of  arresting  his  thoughts  and 
putting  him  upon  a  course  of  serious  examination 
uf  the  claims  of  religion  to  his  personal  attention. 
Fur  the  purpose  of  pursuing  his  inquiries,  he  was 
admitted  as  a  "special  student"  into  the  Andover 
Theological  Institution.  He  soon  became  a  hope 
ful  Christian,  and  was  received  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Third  Congregational  church  in  Plymouth, 
Mass.,  of  which  his  lather  was  the  pastor,  on  the 


ADON'IRAM    JUDSOX,   D.D. 

28th  of  May,  1809.  Regarding  himself  now  as  not 
his  own  but  the  Lord's,  he  began  to  seek  for  light 
upon  the  pathway  of  his  future  career.  The  result  j 
of  his  prayerful  deliberation  was  the  determination 
reached,  in  February,  1810,  to  consecrate  himself  to 
the  work  of  foreign  missions.  In  the  seminary  he 
found  other  young  men  of  kindred  spirit,  who  joined 
with  him  in  urging  upon  the  Christian  churches 
the  claims  of  the  heathen.  The  zeal  and  earnest 
ness  of  these  students  gave  power  to  the  spirit  of 
missions,  which  had  already  been  aroused  in  the 
hearts  of  Christians.  That  honored  society,  the 
American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign 
Missions,  was  formed  June  28,  1810.  Mr.  Judson 
had  been  licensed  on  the  17th  of  May  previous  by 
the  Orange  Association  of  Congregationalist  min 
isters,  in  Vermont.  September  24  of  this  year  he 


graduated  at  Andover.  Soon  after  his  graduation 
lie  was  sent  to  England  by  the  American  Board  to 
confer  with  the  London  Missionary  Society  on  the 
matter  of  combining  the  efforts  of  the  two  societies 
in  the  work  of  carrying  the  gospel  to  the  heathen. 
Fie  embarked  Jan.  1,  1811.  in  the  ship  "Packet." 
The  vessel  had  not  been  long  at  sea  when  she  was 
captured  by  the  French  privateer  "  I/ Invincible 
Napoleon,"  and  carried  to  Bayonne  in  France, 
where  IK;  was  immured  in  a  dismal  dungeon.  From 
his  short  confinement  he  was  soon  released,  and, 
after  various  adventures,  he  reached  England,  pre 
sented  his  credentials,  and  was  cordially  received 
by  the  Christian  friends  to  whom  he  had  been  com 
mended.  He  and  his  fellow-students,  Newell,  Xott, 
and  Hall,  were  appointed  by  the  London  Mission 
ary  Society  as  missionaries  in  India,  with  the  ex 
pectation  that  their  pecuniary  support  would  be 
provided  for  by  the  friends  of  missions  in  America. 
The  object  for  which  he  was  sent  to  England  having 
been  accomplished,  Mr.  Judson  returned  to  this 
country.  The  board,  after  mature  deliberation, 
came  to  the  conclusion  that  the  wiser  course  to 
pursue  was  to  enter  upon  the  work  of  missions  in 
dependently  of  any  other  organization,  and  they 
accepted  as  their  missionaries  the  four  young  men, 
and  pledged  themselves  to  see  that  they  were  sup 
ported  in  the  undertaking  upon  which  they  had 
embarked.  Mr.  Judson,  with  his  wife,  Ann  Ilas- 
seltine  Judson,  and  Messrs.  Nott,  Newell,  Hall,  and 
Rice,  sailed  Feb.  19,  1812,  from  Salem,  Mass.,  and 
reached  Calcutta  the  17th  of  the  following  June. 
During  the  vovage  Mr.  Judson's  views  on  the  mode 
and  subjects  of  baptism  underwent  a  change,  and, 
on  reaching  Serampore,  he  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
William  Ward,  Sept.  6,  1812.  This  event  severed 
his  connection  from  the  American  Board  of  Com 
missioners  for  Foreign  Missions,  and  led  to  the 
formation  of  the  Baptist  Triennial  Convention,  on 
the  18th  of  May,  1814,  under  whose  patronage  Mr. 
Judson  and  his  Baptist  associates  were  taken.  After 
experiencing  months  of  hardship,  on  account  of  the 
hostility  of  the  East  India  Company,  who  opposed 
the  establishment  of  his  mission  in  India,  Mr.  Jud 
son  decided  to  commence  his  work  among  the  Bur 
mese.  On  the  14th  of  July.  1813,  he  reached  Ran 
goon,  and  began  at  once  the  study  of  the  language. 
It  was  a  formidable  task,  and  taxed  all  his  powers 
to  accomplish  it.  At  nearly  the  end  of  his  five 
years'  residence  in  Rangoon  a  rayat  was  built,  and 
opened  with  appropriate  religious  services,  and  Mr. 
Judson  made  this  place  his  religious  headquarters. 
Inquirers  began  to  visit  him,  and  he  had  the  satis 
faction  of  baptizing  the  first  convert  to  the  Chris 
tian  faith,  Moung  Nan,  on  the  27th  of  June,  1819. 
No  sooner,  however,  did  there  appear  some  signs 
of  success  than  a  spirit  of  opposition  began  to  be 
awakened,  and  Mr.  Judson  had  reason  to  fear  that 


JUDSON 


627 


Jl'DSON 


his  work  would  be  stopped  by  the  arm  of  the  civil 
power.  With  the  hope  of  securing  toleration,  lie 
went  to  Ava  with  Mr.  Column,  and  sought  permis 
sion  to  preach  the  new  faith  in  Burmah.  But  the 
king  would  not  grant  the  request,  and  thev  re 
turned  to  Rangoon,  and  continued  the  prosecution 
of  their  mission  work  regardless  of  the  opposition 
which  had  been  awakened.  Mr.  Judson  devoted 
himself  especially  to  the  translation  of  the  Scrip 
tures  and  the  preparation  of  religious  tracts,  to  be 
circulated  among  the  people. 

We  have  now  reached  one  of  the  most  interest 
ing  periods  of  the  life  of  Dr.  Judson.  Dr.  Price, 
who  had  arrived  at  Rangoon  in  December,  1821, 
was  summoned  to  the  court  of  the  king,  in  his 
capacity  as  a  physician,  and  it  was  necessary  that 
Mr.  Judson  should  accompany  him.  His  recep 
tion  was  favorable,  and  he  had  more  than  one 
opportunity  to  proclaim  the  gospel  to  the  members 
of  the  royal  family.  The  prospect  for  usefulness 
seemed  so  bright  that  he  returned  to  Rangoon  for 
Mrs.  Judson,  bringing  her  back  to  Ava,  and  began 
his  missionary  work,  encouraged  by  the  hope  of 
greater  success  in  his  labors.  But  this  hope  was 
destined  soon  to  meet  with  utter  disappointment. 
War  broke  out  between  England  and  Burmah. 
Rangoon  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British  on  the 
23d  of  May,  1824.  and  the  tidings  of  its  capture 
reached  the  capital  two  weeks  after.  The  jealous 
Burman  officers,  regarding  Dr.  Price  and  Mr.  Jud 
son  as  spies,  caused  them  to  be  arrested  and  thrown 
into  a  loathsome  jail,  where,  for  nine  months,  they 
were  kept  in  the  closest  and  most  barbarous  con 
finement.  They  were  then  sent  to  a  wretched 
place  called  Oung-pcn-la,  where  they  were  ordered 
to  be  put  to  death.  The  sentence,  however,  was 
not  carried  into  execution.  With  the  continued 
success  of  the  English  arms,  the  fears  of  the  king 
and  his  court  became  so  aroused  that  negotiations 
were  entered  into,  in  which  Mr.  Judson  took  a 
prominent  part,  and,  as  one  of  the  results,  he  ob-  j 
tained  his  freedom.  As  soon  as  practicable  he  left 
Ava,  and  once  more  returned  to  Rangoon,  and  soon 
removed  with  his  family  to  Amherst.  designed  hence 
forth  to  bo  the  capita!  of  British  Burmah.  For  sev 
eral  months  he  was  occupied  with  the  English  com 
missioner,  Mr.  Crawford,  at  Ava,  in  negotiating 
with  the  Burman  government  a  commercial  treaty. 
During  his  absence  Mrs.  Judson  died  at  Amherst, 
Oct.  24,  182(>.  Dr.  Judson  removed  to  Maulmain 
Nov.  14,  1827,  ami  entered  once  more  upon  his 
missionary  work,  which  he  carried  on  in  Maul- 
main,  Prome,  Rangoon,  and  other  localities,  and 
he  became  especially  interested  in  the  conversion 
of  the  Karens.  On  April  10,  1834,  he  married  Mrs. 
Sarah  Board  man. 

For  many  years  Dr.  Judson  devoted  a  part  of  his 
time  to  the  translation  of  the  Scriptures  into  the 


Burmese  language,  and  the  compilation  of  a  Burmese 
dictionary.  On  the  last  day  of  January,  1834,  the 
closing  page  of  the  now  wholly  translated  Bible 
Avas  written  by  Dr.  Judson.  Many  years  were 
given  to  the  careful  revision  of  this  work.  In  its 
completed  state  it  is  pronounced  by  competent 
judges  to  be  nearly  perfect.  For  several  years 
Dr.  Judson  kept  up  his  missionary  labors,  the 
blessing  of  God  accompanying  him  in  his  toil. 
The  failing  health  of  Mrs.  Judson  forced  him,  in 
1845,  to  leave  Burmah  for  America.  She  died  at 
St.  Helena,  Avhere  she  was  buried.  Dr.  Judson 
continued  his  voyage,  and  reached  Boston  in  the 
month  of  October.  During  his  stay  in  this  country 
he  was  everywhere  the  recipient  of  the  kindest  at 
tentions,  and  when,  after  a  few  months  of  residence 
in  this  country,  he  returned  to  his  Oriental  home, 
with  the  third  wife,  who  was  to  share  his  fortunes, 
the  prayers  of  thousands  of  Christian  hearts  fol 
lowed  him.  ''It  was  no  sectarian  adulation  of 
fered  to  a  distinguished  name,  but  rather  the  nat 
ural  homage  which  Christian  civilization  pays  to 
the  cause  of  Christian  philanthropy, — the  instinctive 
admiration  of  an  intelligent  and  religious  people  for 
the  character  of  one  who  has  proved  himself  a  great 
benefactor  of  mankind."  After  this  visit  of  Dr. 
Judson  to  his  native  land  a  few  more  years  were 
allotted  to  him  to  render  service  to  the  cause  to 
which  he  had  given  so  large  a  part  of  his  life.  He 
hoped  to  live  long  enough  to  complete  the  Burmese 
dictionary,  and  was  busily  engaged  in  its  prepara 
tion  when  he  was  attacked  by  the  fever  of  the  coun 
try,  which  completely  prostrated  him.  A  sea-voy 
age  was  recommended.  The  vessel  sailed  April  8, 
and  four  days  after  he  died,  and  his  body  was  com 
mitted  to  the  deep. 
Judson,  Mrs.  Ann  Hasseltine,  the  first  wife 

of  Dr.  Judson,  was  born  in  Bradford,  Mass.,  Dec. 
22,  1789.  She  received  her  early  education  at  the 
academy  in  her  native  place.  Her  conversion  took 
place  when  she  was  not  far  from  seventeen  years 
of  age.  The  interest  which  she  exhibited  for  re 
ligious  reading  of  the  most  elevated  character  was 
remarkable  in  a  person  comparatively  so  young. 
She  became  a  member  of  the  Congregational  church 
in  Bradford  Sept.  14,  1800.  With  a  desire  to  be 
useful  and  to  secure  the  means  of  an  independent 
support,  she  engaged  for  several  years,  at  intervals, 
in  teaching.  At  the  meeting  of  the  Massachusetts 
Congregational  Association  at  Bradford  in  June. 
1810,  Mr.  Judson  met  his  future  wife.  His  per 
suasive  words  induced  her  to  consent  to  share  the 
fortunes  of  his  missionary  life,  as  well  as  to  be  the 
first  American  woman  who  u  resolved  to  leave  her 
friends  and  country  to  bear  the  gospel  to  the  heathen 
in  foreign  climes.''  She  was  married  to  Mr.  Judson 
Feb.  5,  1812.  On  the  outward  voyage  to  Calcutta 
she  changed — as  did  her  husband — her  views  on 


Jl'JJSOX 


the  mode  and  subjects  of  baptism,  and  was  baptized 
with  her  husband  by  Rev.  Mr.  Ward.  The  mis 
sionary  life  of  Mrs.  Judson  is  so  intertwined  with 
that  of  Dr.  Judson  that  the  record  of  the  latter 
contains  all  that  needs  to  be  said  in  that  of  the 
former.  With  the  same  fidelity  and  patience  which 
characterized  her  husband,  she  applied  herself  to 
learning  the  language,  and  at  the  close  of  1815  she 
states  that  she  can  both  read  and  write  it  with  a 
o-ood  decree  of  ease.  She  was  the  efficient  helper 

r~>  ~ 

of  Dr.  Judson  for  several  years,  when  she  was  com 
pelled  bv  her  fulling  health  to  return  to  her  native 

I  J 

land.  On  the  21st  of  August,  1821,  she  embarked 
for  Bengal,  and  on  reaching  Calcutta  took  passage 
for  England.  The  kindest  attention  was  shown  to 


MRS.   AXV    ir.YSSEI.TIXE    JUDSOV. 

her  both  in  England  and  Scotland.  She  embarked 
on  board  the  ship  "Amity"  at  Liverpool,  Aug.  16, 
1822,  and  arrived  at  New  York  the  25th  of  the 
September  following,  and  after  a  brief  visit  in  Phil 
adelphia  she  hastened  to  her  old  home  in  Bradford. 
The  severity  of  a  Northern  climate  to  one  who  had 
lived  so  many  years  in  the  East  was  more  than  her 
enfeebled  constitution  could  endure,  and  she  was 
forced  to  make  her  winter  home  in  Baltimore  with 
her  brother-in-law,  Dr.  Elnathan  Judson.  Here 
.she  rapidly  improved  in  health,  and  was  able  to 
write  an  interesting  account  of  the  Burman  mis 
sion.  A  few  weeks  of  the  following  spring  she 
spent  among  Christian  friends  in  Washington,  and 
then  returned  to  Massachusetts.  On  the  21st  of 
June,  1823,  she  embarked  on  her  return  voyage  to 
Calcutta,  having  as  her  companions  Rev.  Jonathan 


Wade  and  his  wife,  and  arrived  at  Rangoon  on  the 
5th  of  the  following  December. 

The  narrative  of  the  fortunes  of  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Judson  in  Ava,  to  which  city  they  proceeded  soon 
after  the  arrival  of  the  latter  in  Rangoon,  is  told 
in  the  sketch  of  the  life  of  the  former.  The  pitiful 
story  of  the  dreadful  sufferings  of  Oung-pen-la 
reads  almost  like  a  romance.  The  noble,  heroic 
character  of  this  most  gifted  woman  has  touched 
the  sensibilities  of  thousands  of  Christian  hearts, 
and  the  memorial  of  all  that  she  did  and  endured 
for  her  husband  will  not  soon  bo  forgotten.  When 
the  anxiety  and  the  intense  and  prolonged  ex 
citement  connected  with  eighteen  months  of  bitter 
trial  had  passed  away,  there  came  the  natural  re 
action,  and  when  the  disease  which  forced  her  to 
return  to  her  native  land  assumed  a  more  violent 
tvpe  her  weakened  physical  system  was  unable  to 
endure  the  attack,  and  she  yielded  to  its  force. 
Early  in  the  month  of  October,  1820,  she  was 
stricken  with  the  fever  which  finally  proved  fatal, 
and  died  the  24th.  The  sad  event  was  followed  in 
a  few  months  by  the  death  of  "  little  Maria,"  and 
together  they  were  buried  under  the  ''  llopia"  tree 
at  Amherst.  She  was  one  of  the  noblest  women 
that  ever  bore  the  Christian  name.  Her  hallowed 
fame  will  be  handed  down  with  reverence  to  the 
last  generation  of  Christ's  followers  on  earth. 

Judson,  Prof.  C.  H.,  was  born  in  Monroe  town 
ship,  Conn.,  in  1820.  His  early  opportunities  were 
limited  to  the  common  school.  At  eighteen  his 
attention  was  powerfully  turned  to  the  subject  of 
religion  under  the  preaching  of  Rev.  J.  Robards. 
He  became  thoroughly  convinced  that  the  aim  of 
man's  life  should  be  something  higher  than  a  mere 
subsistence.  He  resolved  to  seek  the  salvation  of 
his  soul,  and  soon  he  found  peace  in  believing. 

Some  remarks  of  Mr.  Robards  called  his  atten 
tion  to  Locke's  ''  Essay  on  the  Human  Understand 
ing,"  which  he  read  with  eager  interest,  which 
opened  up  before  him  a  new  field  of  thought.  He 
then  resolved  to  secure  an  education.  He  spent 
two  years  at  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological 
Institution.  Afterwards  he  taught  about  three 
years,  then  he  spent  two  years  in  the  University  of 
Virginia,  graduating  in  five  schools. 

After  leaving  the  university  he  taught  in  "\  ir- 
ginia  and  North  Carolina  until  1851,  when  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Phil 
osophy  in  Furman  University,  which  position  he 
held  until  1861,  when  the  war  closed  the  univer 
sity.  In  1862  lie  was  elected  president  of  the 
Greenville  Female  College.  He  was  recalled  to  his 
former  position  in  the  university  in  1869,  which  he 
still  holds. 

lie  is  singularly  modest  and  retiring  in  his  man 
ners.  His  methodical  habits  fit  him  well  for  the 
post  of  treasurer  of  the  university  and  of  the  Bap- 


JUDSON 


629 


JUDSON 


tist   State   Convention.      As   a   mathematician   he 
probably  has  no  superior  in  the  South. 
Judson,  Rev.  Edward,  the  son  of  Dr.  Adoni- 

ram  Judson,  the  missionary,  was  born  at  Maul- 
main,  Burmah,  Dec.  27,  1844.  He  graduated  at 
Brown  University  in  1805.  After  teaching  as  prin 
cipal  of  a  seminary  in  Vermont  he  became  tutor 
in  Madison  University,  and  in  1868  was  appointed 
Professor  of  the  Latin  and  Modern  Languages.  In 
1875  he  listened  to  the  call  of  the  church  at  North 
Orange,  N.  J.,  and  was  ordained  pastor.  lie  min 
isters  to  a  large  and  intelligent  audience  in  one  of 
the  finest  meeting-houses  in  the  State  ;  arid  has 
seen  a  wonderful  blessing  upon  his  work.  Between 
three  and  four  hundred  have  been  baptized  by  him 
within  five  years,  and  the  denomination  holds 
great  prominence  in  the  city  of  Orange,  lie  has 
been  often  called  to  preach  and  speak  before  Asso 
ciations,  colleges,  and  denominational  societies,  and 
in  1880  he  was  elected  a  trustee  of  Brown  Univer 
sity. 
Judson,  Mrs.  Emily  Chubbuck,  was  born  in 

Eaton,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  22.  1817.  Under  the  name  of 
"Fanny  Forrester"  she  wrote  a  number  of  articles 
in  prose  and  poetry  for  the  magazines  of  the  day. 
which  were  afterwards  collected  together  and  pub 
lished  under  the  title  of  "  Alderbrook,''  Boston. 
1846,  2  vols.  She  became  the  third  wife  of  Dr. 
Judson,  being  married  to  him  June  2,  1846,  and 
left  the  country  the  llth  of  the  month,  reaching 
Calcutta  the  30th  of  November  following.  Dr. 
Judson  re-established  himself  in  Maulmain,  his 
wife  submitting  with  courage  to  all  the  hardships 
•and  self-denials  of  a  missionary's  life.  Dr.  Judson 
found  in  her  a  sympathizing  companion  and  friend, 
helping  him  to  the  utmost  of  her  power  in  his  mis 
sionary  and  literary  work.  She  was  not  destined, 
however,  to  be  long  associated  with  him.  In  less 
than  four  years  after  their  marriage  he  left  her  to 
enter  upon  that  "long  voyage"  from  which  he 
never  returned.  After  the  death  of  her  husband 
Mrs.  Judson  returned  to  this  country,  and  died  at 
Hamilton,  N.  Y.,  June  1.  1854.  Besides  "  Alder- 
brook,"  she  wrote  an  interesting  biography  of  the 
second  wife  of  Dr.  Judson,  Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Judson. 
Judson  Female  Institute,  located  at  Marion, 
Ala.,  was  first  opened  for  students  Jan.  7,  1839,  with 
the  Rev.  Milo  P.  Jewett  as  president, — a  position 
which  he  held  for  sixteen  years  with  great  distinc 
tion  and  a  constantly  increasing  fame.  Indeed,  it 
is  not  too  much  to  say  that  to  Prof.  Jewett,  more 
than  to  any  other  man,  the  Judson  is  indebted  for 
its  existence  and  for  the  solid  foundation  on  which 
its  celebrity  is  laid.  It  is  worthy  of  remark  that 
the  same  distinguished  gentleman  was  the  first 
president  of  Vassar  Female  College. 

After   Dr.  Jewett,  Prof.   S.   S.   Sherman,  A.M., 
was  president  from  1855  to  1859.     Prof.  Noah   K. 


Davis  was  president  from  1859  to  1864.  Prof.  J. 
G.  Nash  was  president  in  1864-65.  Prof.  A.  J. 
Battle,  D.D.,  was  president  from  1865  to  1872. 
Prof.  11.  II.  Rawlings  was  president  from  1872  to 
1875.  Rev.  M.  T.  Sumner,  D.D.,  was  president  in 
1875-76.  Rev.  L.  R.  Gwaltney,  I). I).,  was  elected 
president  in  1876, — a  position  which  he  still  holds 
to  the  universal  satisfaction  of  the  friends  of  that 
famous  institution  of  learning.  There  have  been 
but  three  presidents  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
Judson  Institute, — Gen.  E.  D.  King,  for  twenty- 
three  years  ;  Deacon  W .  W.  Wyatt,  for  four  years  ; 
and  lion.  Porter  King,  from  1868  to  this  time. 
The  Judson,  one  of  the  oldest,  is  confessedly  one 
of  the  best,  female  colleges  in  the  United  States. 
While  it  does  not  neglect  solid  and  thorough  edu 
cation,  it  has  always  given  special  attention  to  the 
esthetic  branches,  and  as  a  consequence  has  gained 
great  reputation  for  the  accomplishments  which  it 
bestows  upon  and  weaves  into  the  character  of 
young  ladies  who  are  educated  under  its  manage 
ment.  Its  buildings  and  property  are  worth  at 
least  $75,000.  It  reports  annually  to  the  Baptist 
Convention  of  Alabama. 

Judson,  Mrs.  Sarah  Boardman,  the  second 
wife  of  Dr.  Judson,  was  born  in  Alstead,  N.  II., 
Nov.  4,  1803,  and  was  the  daughter  of  Ralph  and 
Abiah  Hall.  At  an  early  age  she  became  a  mem 
ber  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Salem,  Mass., 
then  under  the  pastoral  charge  of  Rev.  Dr.  Bolles. 
Her  thoughts  began,  soon  after  her  conversion,  to 
be  turned  towards  the  condition  of  the  perishing 
heathen,  and  she  longed  to  go  forth  and  tell  the 
story  of  a  Saviour's  love  to  those  who  were  "  sitting 
in  darkness."  While  cherishing  such  desires  as 
these  she  was  introduced  to  George  Dana  Board- 
man,  and  found  in  him  one  whose  tastes  and  wishes 
were  like  her  own.  Shortly  before  their  departure 
from  this  country  they  were  united  in  marriage, 
and  took  passage  in  the  ship  "Asia''  for  Calcutta, 
reaching  the  place  of  their  destination  Dec.  13, 
1825,  where  they  remained  until  March,  1827,  and 
then  proceeded  to  Amherst,  at  which  they  stayed  for 
a  few  weeks,  and  then  went  to  Maulmain  to  enter 
upon  their  missionary  work  in  that  place.  Here, 
among  some  things  to  try  their  faith  and  others  to 
encourage  them,  she  continued  a  faithful  helper  to 
her  devoted  husband.  Under  date  of  Jan.  1,  1828, 
he  writes,  "  Mrs.  Boardman  is  now  surrounded  by 
a  group  of  Burman  girls,  and  is  delighted  with  her 
employment."  When  it  was  decided  to  commence 
a  station  at  Tavoy,  in  order  that  Mr.  Boardman 
might  be  brought  into  closer  contact  with  the  Ka 
rens,  she  entered  into  the  plan  with  all  her  heart. 
Again  her  husband  writes  under  date  of  Aug.  17, 
1828,  describing  the  manner  in  which  the  Sabbath 
was  observed,  "  After  family  worship  and  break 
fast  Mrs.  Boardman  and  myself,  with  the  Chinese 


J  I'D  SOX 


JUSTIFICATION 


Christians,  have  worship,  and  a  printed  sermon  is 
read.  Mrs.  Boardman  is  engaged  in  the  afternoon 
in  giving  religious  instruction  to  the  scholars  and 
domestics."  A  year  from  this  date  came  the  re 
volt  of  Tavov,  and  Mrs.  Boardman,  with  George, 
hastened  away,  amid  many  perils,  to  a  place  of 
safety  at  Maulmain,  her  husband  joining  her  in  a 
few  days.  They  returned  early  the  next  October 
to  the  scene  of  their  labors  in  Tavoy.  An  alarming 
illness  of  Mrs.  Boardman,  early  in  1S3U,  awakened 
the  fears  of  her  friends  that  she  might  soon  be  taken 
away.  She  rallied  at  length,  and  was  able  to  re 
sume  her  work  for  a  time,  but  the  state  of  her  health 
was  such  that  it  was  thought  best  that  she  should 
make  a  temporary  home  in  Maulmain.  After  some 
months  she  returned  again  to  Tavoy,  and  accom 
panied  her  husband  on  his  last  journey  to  the  vil 
lages  of  the  Karens,  and  was  with  him  to  close  his 
eyes  in  death  on  the  llth  of  February,  1831. 

Mrs.  Boardman,  after  the  death  of  her  husband, 
continued  to  prosecute  her  missionary  work  as  her 
health  and  strength  permittted.  On  the  10th  of 
June,  1834,  she  became  the  wife  of  Dr.  Judson,  and 
proved  a  most  worthy  successor  of  her  who  had  so 
deservedly  won  his  respect  and  love.  For  a  little 
more  than  eleven  years  they  shared  each  other's 
confidence  and  affection.  After  the  birth  of  her 
last  child,  in  December,  1844,  she  became  the  victim 
of  a  chronic  disease,  and  the  physicians  decided 
that  nothing  would  save  her  life  but  a  long  voyage. 
She  embarked  with  her  husband  and  three  children 
April  26,  1845.  Some  encouraging  symptoms  were 
apparent  in  the  early  part  of  the  voyage,  but  they 
proved  deceptive,  and  she  died  on  shipboard,  in  the 
port  of  St.  Helena,  Sept.  1 ,  1845.  Mrs.  Judson's 
knowledge  of  the  Burmese  language  was  singularly 
accurate.  She  translated  the  New  Testament  into 
the  Peguan  language,  and  the  ''  Pilgrim's  Progress'' 
into  Burmese.  Dr.  Judson,  in  the  warmest  terms, 
gave  his  testimony  to  her  great  worth.  No  one  can 
read  those  charming  lines  of  his  commencing 

"Wo  part  on  this  green  islet,  love," 

without  feeling  that  hers  was  a  character  of  singu 
lar  grace  and  beauty.  She  was  the  mother  of  Dr. 
Boardman,  the  honored  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Philadelphia. 

Judson  University,  located  at  Judsonia,  White 
Co.,  Ark.,  was  founded  by  some  self-sacrificing 
Baptists,  under  the  leadership  of  Prof.  M.  11.  Forey, 
formerly  of  Chicago  University,  who  became  its 
first  president.  It  was  chartered  in  1871,  suitable 
buildings  were  erected,  and  an  able  Faculty  organ 
ized.  In  1874,  Prof.  Forey  resigned,  and  Rev. 
Benjamin  Thomas,  D.D.,  late  of  Ohio,  was  elected 
in  his  place.  Dr.  Thomas  continued  to  discharge 
the  duties  of  the  position  until  1880.  He  was  suc^ 
ceeded  by  Rev.  R.  S.  James,  M.D.,  a  distinguished 


educator,  whose  enthusiasm  has  infused  new  life 
into  the  enterprise.  The  institution  is  yet  young, 
but  under  its  present  able  management  bids  fair 
to  become  permanently  successful.  The  location 
is  healthy,  and  it  is  surrounded  by  a  thrifty  popu 
lation  and  superior  lands. 

Justice,  E.6V.  T.  B.  —  A  great  friend  to  missions 
is  this  venerable  man,  who  was  born  in  Henderson 
Co.,  N.  C.,  July  27,  1813;  was  baptized  by  Rev. 
Benjamin  King  in  August,  1835;  ordained  in  1842; 
has  frequently  been  moderator  of  the  Green  River 
and  other  Associations.  A  man  of  faith  and  fervor, 
and  greatly  beloved. 

Justification  is  not  regeneration.  A  new  heart 
lifts  the  affections  from  sinful  objects,  keeps  them, 
by  the  aid  of  divine  grace,  from  an  immoderate 
love  for  proper  earthly  things,  and  fixes  them 
supremely  upon  Jesus.  It  is  not  sanctification. 
It  is  a  state  in  which  holy  principles,  planted  in 
the  soul  at  the  new  birth,  are  cultivated  and 
strengthened  by  the  Spirit  of  God,  until  the  disci 
ple  of  Christ  is  fitted  for  the  church  in  glory.  It 
is  not  pardon.  Barabbas.  guilty  of  sedition  and 
murder,  was  forgiven  and  set  at  liberty  by  Pilate. 
But  no  intelligent  man  would  have  said  that  he 
was  justified  by  the  governor  of  Judea  when  he 
was  released  from  prison.  Pardon  and  justification 
are  great  but  widely  differing  privileges. 

In  justification  the  law  underlies  everything.  It 
has  been  broken,  and  it  must  be  satisfied.  It  was 
inscribed  upon  the  human  conscience  by  the  Crea 
tor.  The  Saviour's  version  is  no  doubt  the  one  re 
ceived  by  Adam  and  revealed  by  Moses:  "Thou 
shalt  love  the  Lord  thy  God  with  all  thy  heart, 
and  with  all  thy  soul,  and  with  all  thy  mind  ;  .  .  . 
thou  shalt  love  thy  neighbor  as  thyself." — Matt, 
xxii.  37,  39.  This  law  can  never  be  abrogated  or 
modified:  ''Till  heaven  and  earth  pass,  one  jot  or 
one  tittle  shall  in  no  wise  pass  from  the  law  till 
all  be  fulfilled."  Its  requirements  must  be  met 
to  the  very  letter  before  a  man  can  be  justified,  and 
without  justification  no  one  can  enter  heaven. 

The  judge  who  pronounces  the  sentence  of  jus 
tification  is  God  the  Father.  "  It  is  God  that  jus- 
tifieth,  who  is  he  that  coridemneth?  It  is  Christ 
that  died,  yea,  rather,  that  is  risen  again,  who  is 
even  at  the  right  hand  of  God,  who  also  maketh  in 
tercession  for  us." — Rom.  viii.  33,  34.  From  this 
we  learn  that  the  Saviour,  as  advocate,  moves  the 
Chief  Justice  of  the  universe  to  give  his  decision  of 
justification,  arid  that  the  First  Person  of  the  Trin 
ity,  on  hearing  his  appeals,  pronounces  the  justifi 
cation  of  all  believers. 

Forgiveness  seems  to  be  the  special  work  of 
Christ,  as  the  bestowment  of  the  new  birth  is  the 
peculiar  office  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  He  gave  the 
price  of  the  soul,  in  obedience  and  sufferings,  to 
the  eternal  Judge,  the  Vindicator  of  the  holy  law. 


JUSTIFICATION 


631 


JUSTIFICATION 


and,  after  receiving  this  consideration  of  .submission 
and  dying  throes,  as  a  holy  Jehovah  lie  justifies 
all  who  receive  Christ.  The  Saviour,  who  pre 
sented  the  redemption  price,  turns;  to  those  who 
have  believed,  and  says,  "  I  forgive  you."  Hence  it 
is  written,  "Him  hath  God  exalted  with  his  right 
hand  to  l)e  a  Prince  and  a  Saviour,  for  to  give  re 
pentance  to  Israel,  and  forgiveness  of  sins." — Acts 
v.  31.  The  Father,  who  receives  the  payment  of 
the  debt,  justifies  the  soul;  the  Son,  who  made  it 
for  men  without  a  claim  upon  him,  forgives  them. 

Christ  is  the  occasion  and  the  sole  cause  of  our 
justification.  The  word  p"l?»  in  the  Old  Testament, 
translated  righteousness,  and  A/cawrnw/,  its  repre 
sentative  in  the  New,  describe  Christ's  grandest 
gift  to  his  redeemed  children.  He  imputes  or 
reckons  his  righteousness  to  every  one  of  them, 
and  it  becomes  their  own  just  as  really  as  if  they 
had  "  wrought  it  out"  for  themselves. 

By  the  righteousness  of  Christ  we  are  to  under 
stand  his  complete  submission  to  the  precepts  and 
penalties  of  the  law  of  God,  his  perfect  earthly 
obedience,  and  his  unparalleled  anguish  ;  these  he 
places  to  the  credit  of  each  member  of  his  elect 
family. 

The  law  we  have  already  described  was  only 
kept  by  Adam  and  Eve  before  their  fall.  The 
purest  unregenerate  man  on  earth  would  not  claim 
to  have  observed  it,  and  if  he  did  the  pretense 
would  be  baseless.  The  holiest  saint  of  the  entire 
Christian  family,  though  stained  with  the  blood  of 
his  own  martyrdom,  never  fully  kept  the  law,  one 
breach  of  which,  though  no  greater  than  a  jot  or  a 
tittle,  is  death  :  "  For  whosoever  shall  keep  the 
whole  law,  and  yet  offend  in  one  point,  he  is 
guilty  of  all." — James  ii.  10.  Like  a  vessel  an 
chored  near  the  shore  in  a  hurricane  with  one 
weak  link  in  her  anchor-chain,  which  breaks  in 
the  moment  of  greatest  need,  and  destroys  the  ship, 
so  one  guilty  act  is  an  offense  against  the  majesty 
of  God  and  against  his  Avhole  law,  and  it  ruins  the 
righteousness  of  its  perpetrator.  If  one  man  had 
all  the  excellences  of  the  whole  American  people 
from  the  lauding  of  the  Pilgrims  or  the  first  set 
tlement  of  the  Cavaliers,  and,  in  addition,  the  good 
qualities  of  all  the  rest  of  Adam's  children,  past 
and  present,  there  would  be  thousands  of  broken 
links  in  the  chain  of  his  righteousness,  and  the 
ship  of  his  hopes  would  surely  be  dashed  to  pieces. 
''Therefore  by  the  deeds  of  the  law  (human  per 
formances)  there  shall  no  flesh  be  justified  in  his 
sight." — Rom.  iii.  20.  Jesus  became  our  substi 
tute  to  obey  the  law  and  suffer  its  penalty.  When 
God  arrested  the  descending  hand  of  Abraham, 
about  to  kill  Isaac,  he  seized  a  ram  caught  by 
Providence  in  a  thicket  near  by,  and  offered  it  up 
instead  of  his  son  ;  its  blood  was  spilled  instead  of 
his,  its  life  was  sacrificed  for  his,  its  body  was  given 


to  the  flames  which  would  have  reduced  Isaac's  to 
ashes.  And  so  "  Christ  also  hath  once  suffered  for 
sins,  the  just  for  the  unjust,  that  he  might  bring 
us  to  God." — 1  Peter  iii.  18.  He  took  our  place 
before  the  violated  law.  and  with  it  our  guilt  and 
pains,  and  he  ended  both,  and  gives  the  righteous 
ness  he  acquired  to  every  saint. 

Paul  says.  "For  he  (the  Father)  hath  made  him 
(the  Son)  to  be  sin  for  us,  who  knew  no  sin,  that 
we  might  be  made  the  righteousness  of  God  in 
him." — 2  Cor.  v.  21.  The  word  dpapriav.  translated 
sin,  means,  in  its  New  Testament  use,  sin,  vice, 
wickedness.  And  it  is  without  doubt  properly 
translated  in  2  Cor.  v.  21.  He  was  made  sin, 
not  by  any  guilty  act  of  his  own,  but  because  the 
Lord  laid  on  him  the  iniquities  of  us  all.  It  was 
this  that  made  the  Father  abandon  him  in  death, 
and  it  was  this  that  overwhelmed  the  glorious  suf 
ferer  with  horror  as  he  realized  the  desertion.  And 
just  as  he  was  made  sin  for  us  we  are  '•  made  the 
righteousness  of  God  in  him."  He  creates  a  mutual 
exchange  between  himself  and  his  redeemed  ones  ; 
he  takes  their  guilt,  and  they  become  the  righteous 
ness  of  God  (diKaioavvriQeov),  "  For  Christ  is  the  end 
(reAof)  of  the  law  for  righteousness  (justification)  to 
every  one  that  believeth," — Rom.  x.  4, — that  is  to 
say,  he  has  obeyed  all  its  precepts,  and  suffered  all 
its  pains,  for  every  trusting  disciple,  and  he  gives 
him  this  divine  righteousness;  this  is  "  the  right 
eousness  of  God,  which  is  by  faith  of  Jesus  Christ, 
unto  all  and  upon  all  them  that  believe." — Rom. 
iii.  22;  of  which  the  Psalmist  speaks  when  it  is 
said,  '•  David  also  describeth  the  blessedness  of  the 
man  to  whom  God  imputeth  righteousness  without 
works." — Rom.  iv.  6.  The  great  apostle  declares 
that  this  righteousness  justifies  without  any  of  our 
own  works  :  "  Therefore  we  conclude  that  a  man 
is  justified  by  faith  without  the  deeds  of  the  law." 
—Rom.  iii.  28. 

In  the  Xew  Testament,  Christ  and  his  people  are 
represented  as  being  one.  Various  figures  are  used 
to  describe  this  union,  but  the  most  remarkable  is 
that  of  a  human  body.  '"Now,"  says  Paul,  "ye 
are  the  body  of  Christ  and  members  in  particular." 
1  Cor.  xii.  27.  Jesus  is  the  head  of  this  heaven- 
favored  body,  and,  as  a  consequence,  the  acts  of 
the  head  belong  to  the  whole  body,  and  its  privi 
leges,  powers,  and  sacred  attributes.  According  to 
this  teaching  Christ's  obedience  and  death  are  as 
much  ours  as  they  are  his.  Hence  Paul  says, 
"For  the  love  of  Christ  constraineth  us,  because 
we  thus  judge,  that  if  one  died  for  all,  then  were 
all  dead."— 2  Cor.  v.  14.  It  follows  from  this  un 
doubted  and  blessed  union  that  we  all  died  with 
Christ  upon  the  cross,  that  the  same  spotless  robe 
that  belongs  to  the  head  flows  down  in  unstained 
beauty  and  purity  over  the  whole  body  of  Christ, 
of  all  names,  ages,  and  worlds. 


JITTTKN 


KALAMAZOO 


It  is  no  wonder  then  that  Paul  says,  "  There  is, 
therefore,  now  no  condemnation  to  them  who  are 
in  Christ  Jesus."  '•  It  is  God  that  justineth,  who 
is  he  that  eondemneth  ?''  ''Who  shall  lay  any 
thing  to  the  charge  of  God's  elect?" — Rom.  viii.  1, 
33,  34.  The  righteousness  of  the  holiest  archangel 
is  but  the  obedience  and  purity  of  a  creature.  The 
righteousness  of  a  true  believer  is  the  immaculate 
robe  of  Inimanuel,  the  righteousness  of  God,  which 
shall  for  ever  hide  each  moral  defect,  mortal  weak 
ness,  and  guilty  stain.  This  robe  envelops  the 
soul  and  justifies  it  through  the  instrumentality 
of  faith.  As  the  hawser  coming  from  a  great 
steamship,  when  fastened  to  a  dismasted  and  help 
less  vessel,  gives  her  all  the  force  of  her  powerful 
engines,  and  saves  her,  so  faith  binds  the  soul  to 
Jesus,  and  gives  it  his  justifying  righteousness  ; 
and  for  this  reason  it  is  written,  "  Being  justified 
by  faith,  we  have  peace  with  God,  through  our 
Lord  Jesus  Christ."— Horn.  v.  1.  Faith  is  one  of 
the  fruits  of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  the  soul  (Gal.  v.  22), 
and  whatever  merit  there  is  in  it  belongs  to  the 
Comforter,  as  the  whole  merit  of  our  righteousness 
is  Christ's.  So  that  every  ransomed  man,  as  he 
enters  the  eternal  world  and  examines  his  entire 
religious  exercises,  will  feel  and  affirm,  "  By  the 
grace  of  God  I  am  what  I  am  ;"  and  his  chief  glory 
will  be,  "Jehovah  is  our  righteousness." — Jer. 
xxiii.  6. 

"  Jehovah  Tsidkenu  (our  righteousness) !  my  treasure  and  boast; 
Jehovah  Tsidkenu  !  I  ne'er  can  be  lost ; 
In  thee  I  shall  conquer  by  flood  and  by  field, 
My  cable,  my  anchor,  my  breastplate  and  shield." 

Jutten,  David  B.,  D.D.,  present  pastor  of  the 
Sixteenth  Street  Baptist  church  of  New  York,  was 
born  in  that  city  Jan.  7,  1844.  His  parents,  Ben 


jamin  and  Emma  Jutten,  were  Baptists.  His  early 
education  was  received  in  the  public  schools.  In 
1859,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  united  with  the  Berean 
Baptist  church,  having  been  baptized  by  the  late 
Dr.  Dowling.  Soon  after  his  membership  was 
changed  to  the  Bloomingdale  Baptist  church,  now 
merged  into  the  Central.  From  this  church  he  re 
ceived  a  license  to  preach  in  18G2.  He  entered 
Madison  University  in  May  of  the  same  year,  from 
which  he  graduated  in  1867,  and  from  the  theolog 
ical  seminary  in  1870.  During  this  time  he  sup 
plied  for  short  periods,  with  acceptance,  three 
churches,  one  in  Connecticut,  one  in  New  Jersey, 
arid  one  in  New  York  State.  After  graduation, 
and  in  -the  same  year,  he  was  called  to  the  E  Street 
Baptist  church,  Washington,  D.  C.  Here  he  passed 
three  years  in  successful  work. 

In  1873  he  received  a  unanimous  call  from  the 
Sixteenth  Street  church  of  Xew  York  City,  after 
having  preached  one  Sabbath  with  great  accept 
ance.  The  morning  sermon  on  ';  The  Office  of  the 
Spirit"  indicated  a  man  who  realized  the  source  of 
power  in  the  church.  In  June,  1873,  the  new  pas 
tor  was  installed.  Dr.  Jutten  preaches  generally 
without  notes.  He  is  a  man  of  large  sympathy, 
and  exhibits  toward  all  a  truly  charitable  spirit. 
He  gives  special  attention  to  pastoral  work.  It  is 
his  endeavor  to  call  upon  every  member  of  the 
church  once  a  year,  holding  with  all  religious  con 
versation  and  offering  prayer  with  the  family  in 
accordance  with  the  good  old  custom.  He  has 
been  greatly  blessed  in  his  labors  during  the  past 
five  years,  and  is  still  prospering.  During  this 
time  there  have  been  added  to  the  church  about  300 
members,  of  whom  more  than  200  have  been  re- 
i  ceived  by  baptism. 


K 


KalamazOO  College.— For  the  beginning  of  the  | 
enterprise  which  resulted  in  the  establishment  of 
Kalamazoo  College  we  must  go  back  to  the  year  ; 
1S21).     In   November  of  that  year  Thomas  Ward 
Merrill,  a  graduate  of  Waterville   College  in  the 
class  of  1825,  having  finished   the  course  of  theo-  | 
logical  study  at  Newton  in  1828,  reached  Michigan, 
seeking,  as  he   then  wrote,  "  to  promote  the  intel 
lectual  as  well  as  moral  advancement  of  the  people  | 
of  the   Territory  of  Michigan."     He  was  the  son 
of  that  Rev.  Daniel  Merrill  who,  in  Sedgwick,  Me., 
in   1805,  became   a  Baptist,  and  was  accompanied 
in  his  adoption  of  Baptist  views  by  a  large  part  of 


the  Congregational  church  of  which  he  had  been 
many  years  pastor.  The  son  was  like  his  father  in 
very  hearty  devotion  to  Baptist  principles. 

In  the  prosecution  of  his  plarls  he  opened  a  clas 
sical  school  in  Ann  Arbor.  It,  being  the  only  one 
of  the  kind,  as  is  supposed,  in  the  Territory,  was 
patronized  by  Detroit  and  the  other  early  settle 
ments,  and  enjoyed  prosperity. 

From  it  the  next  season,  July,  1830,  Mr.  Merrill 
issued,  and  traversed  the  Territory  with  a  petition, 
of  which  he  was  the  author,  asking  the  Territorial 
Legislature  to  charter  an  institution  under  the  name 
of  the  Michigan  and  Huron  Institute,  and  secure 


KALAMAZOO 


633 


KALAMAZOO 


its  control  to  the  Baptist  denomination  by  prescrib 
ing  that  three-fifths  of  its  trustees  .should  be  of 
that  faith.  The  object  of  the  petition  was  favorably 
considered  in  the  Legislature,  but  finally,  meetin<>- 

«/   /  o 

with  objections  from  those;  opposed  to  its  denomi 
national  features,  the  bill  was  laid  over  to  the  next 
session. 

Meanwhile,  under  the  influence  of  those  who  had 
opposed  it,  an  academy  was  incorporated  and  started 
at  Ann  Arbor,  of  which  Mr.  Merrill  was  urged  to 
take  charge.  But  feeling  that  his  Christian  and 
denominational  aims  and  hopes  would  thus  be  com 
promised,  he  declined. 

And  the  same  season,  concluding  that  the  eastern 
shore  of  the  peninsula  was  to  prove  uncongenial  to 
the  growth  of  his  cherished  enterprise,  he  resolved 


untrodden  grasses  and  the  unbent  bushes  of  the 
Western  prairies  and  openings,  and  encamping 
with  enthusiastic  admiration  beneath  the  majestic 
forests  and  beside  the  miniature  lakes  of  Western 
Michigan.  And  among  the  waymarks  which  lie 
was  setting  up,  some  of  the  first  were  those  which, 
in  his  own  mind,  designated  the  places  where  his 
children  should  be  baptized,  his  neighbors  have 
their  house  of  prayer  and  praise,  and  his  denomi 
nation  their  Hamilton  of  Christian  learning,  for  he 
had  come  from  where  the  long  shadow  of  the  Ham 
ilton  of  Ilascall  and  of  Kendrick  had  swept  over 
him. 

In  the  autumn  of  1831  there  were  to  be  seen  traces 
of  these  two  pioneers  coming  together  and  planning 
methods  by  which  to  raise  money  to  purchase  land 


KAI.AMAXOO    COLLEGE. 


to  transfer  it  to  the  western  shore.  And  as  Kala- 
mazoo  was  a  forest  through  which  but  the  smoke 
of  one  log  cabin  rose,  he  sought  the  older  settle 
ment  of  Prairie  Ilonde,  among  whose  first  settlers 
he  assisted  in  building  a  house  for  schools  and 
meetings,  and  occupied  it  for  those  uses  as  early  as 
the  winter  of  1830-31. 

The  question  now  was  where  to  drive  the  stake 
for  the  permanent  institution,  and  how  to  purchase 
lands  for  its  use,  for  it  was  then  the  design  that  it 
should  incorporate  the  manual-labor  system.  And 
another  question  was  how  to  reappear  before  the 
Legislature  and  secure  the  act  of  incorporation. 

Fortunately  the  practical  wisdom,  the  generous 
liberality,  and  the  intelligent  Christian  citizenship 
of  Caleb  Eldred  stood  now  waiting  to  ally  them 
selves  with  the  high  aims  and  the  unconquerable 
tenacity  of  Thomas  W.  Merrill.  -Judge  Eldred  was 
then  just  dragging  his  surveyor's  chain  through  the 
41 


for  the  occupancy  of  the  contemplated  institution. 
And  an  appeal  to  the  benevolent  Baptists  of  the 
East  was  agreed  upon.  Accordingly,  Mr.  Merrill 
visited  the  meeting  of  the  Michigan  Association  at 
Pontiac  in  September  of  that  year,  and  secured 
the  recommendation  of  that  body  for  him  to  visit 
the  East  on  such  an  agency.  A  month  later  he 
was  at  the  Baptist  Convention  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  and  received  a  hearty  commendation  of  his 
object  signed  by  Elon  Galusha,  John  Peck,  C.  M. 
Fuller,  Archibald  Maclay,  Charles  G.  Somers, 
Jonathan  Going,  B.  T.  Welch,  B.  M.  Hill,  Philan 
der  I).  Gillette,  and  others. 

So  far  as  appears,  the  first  subscriptions  paid  in 
this  work,  except  what  Mr.  Merrill  paid  in  defray 
ing  his  own  expenses,  were  seven  ten-dollar  ones 
from  these  seven  honored  and  ever  to  be  remem 
bered  names:  Jonathan  Going,  Nathan  Caswell, 
James  Wilson,  John  II.  Harris,  Byron  &  Green, 


KALAMAZOO 


634 


KALAMAZOO 


William  Colgate,  and  E.  Withington.  This  money 
went  to  purchase  the  property  first  bought  for  the 
institute  in  Bronson  (now  Kalamazoo). 

Returning  from  this  agency  in  1882,  Mr.  Merrill, 
Judge  Kldred,  and  others  renewed  the  petition  to 
the  Legislature  for  the  incorporation  of  the  institu 
tion,  under  the  name  of  the  Michigan  and  Huron 
Institute,  and  without  any  provisions  for  denom 
inational  control,  suggesting,  however,  the  names 
of  the  petitioners  and  others  as  trustees.  Those 
names  embraced  the  early  ministers  and  active 
brethren  of  the  Baptist  denomination  then  resident 
in  the  Territory. 

The  bill,  introduced  in  answer  to  the  petition, 
had  to  work  its  way  through  some  objections,  but 
receiving  the  helping  hand  of  Judge  Manning,  in 
addition  to  the  watchful  efforts  of  the  petitioners,  it 
passed,  and,  after  lodging  some  time  in  the  hands 
of  the  governor,  was  helped  over  his  scruples  by  a 
committee,  consisting  of  John  Booth,  F.  P.  Brown 
ing,  and  T.  W.  Merrill,  and  was  finally  approved 
April  22,  1833. 

The  first  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  was 
Caleb  Eldred,  who  for  twenty-five  years  worthily 
filled  the  office,  and  was  relieved  of  it  only  after  his 
repeated  and  earnest  solicitations. 

As   the   charter   did  not   locate   the  institute,   a 
tedious  work  awaited  the  trustees  in  determining 
that  important  matter.     There  were  long  journeys 
over  primitive  roads  to  meetings  in  Clinton,  Troy, 
Ann   Arbor,   Cornstock,  Whitmansville,  and   else 
where,  often  resulting  in  a  failure  of  the  necessary 
quorum,  and  sometimes  issuing  in  nearly  a  dead 
lock    of  rival   contestants   for   the  prize.     But  at 
length,  in   the  autumn  of  1835,  Providence   gave 
the  weary  fledgling  a  nest  in  Kalamazoo,  through 
the  subscription  of  $2500  by  residents  there,  and 
the  purchase  of  115  acres  of  land  in  what  is  now 
the  south  part  of  the  village,  which  property  was 
afterwards  converted  into  the  site  and  building  ac 
commodations  now  occupied  on  the  west  side  of  the 
village,  where,  through  favoring  providences,   no 
complaint   of  ineligibility  has  ever   arisen,  or  can 
ever  arise,  to  be  among  the  embarrassments  of  the 
enterprise.     Twenty  years  later  the  adjoining  site 
was  secured  through  the  liberal  and  timely  supply 
of  §1500  by  Mrs.  II.  E.  Thompson  :  and  the  beau 
tiful  and  commodious  building  which  now  graces  it 
was  entered  and  dedicated  in  the  autumn  of  1859. 
No  effort  was  made  to  endow  the  institution,  nor 
was  any  debt  suffered  to  accrue  from  its  operation 
during  the  first  twenty  years  of  its  history.     Its 
expense  for  instruction  was  not  large,  as  its  course 
of  study  was  chiefly  preparatory.     Moreover,  the 
inferior  condition  of  the  public  schools,  and  their 
lack  of  all   high   school  facilities,  left  the   people 
quite  ready  to  extend  to  a  good  select  school    a 
remunerative  patronage.     And  much  of  the  time 


other  corporations  assumed  the  current  expenses 
of  the  institute;  for  awhile  the  State  University 
supported  it  as  one  of  its  branches,  and  after 
wards  the  Baptist  Convention  adopted  it  as  the 
literary  helpmate  for  its  theological  education. 
Yet  the  property  of  the  institute  always  remained 
distinct,  and  its  board  of  trustees  allowed  no  inter 
mission  of  their  meetings  and  controlling  care. 

The  privileges  of  the  institute  were  free  alike  to 
both  sexes  from  the  first,  except  during,  and  for  a 
little  after,  the  time  that  the  Baptist  Convention 
paid  the  teachers;  and,  indeed,  throughout  this 
period,  rooms  were  supplied  free  of  rent,  in  which 
a  school  for  young  women  was  maintained. 

In  February,  1855,  the  charter  was  amended  so 
as  to  confer  full  college  powers,  the  name  changed 
to  Kalamazoo  College,  and  the  corps  of  instructors 
enlarged  so  as  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  college 
course,  which  was  required  by  the  charter  to  be  of 
as  high  grade  as  that  of  the  State  University. 

The  successive  principal  teachers  from  the  estab 
lishment  of  the  school  till  it  became  a  college  were 
Mr.  Marsh,  Walter  Clark,  Nathaniel  A.  Balch, 
David  Alden,  William  Dutton,  and  James  A.  B. 
Stone.  The  last  named  of  these  had  charge  of  the 
school  from  1843,  and,  with  the  entrance  of  the  in 
stitution  on  its  career  as  a  college,  he  was  appointed 
its  president,  and  remained  until  1864.  Mrs.  Stone 
was  associated  with  him  during  all  these  years. 

From  1864  to  1807,  Rev.  John  M.  Gregory, 
LL.IX,  was  president,  and,  after  an  interval  of 
more  than  a  year,  was  followed,  in  1868,  by  the 
present  president,  Rev.  Kendall  Brooks,  D.I). 

In  1870  the  "  ladies'  course,"  which  prescribed 
a  somewhat  lower  range  of  studies  than  the  regu 
lar  college  course,  was  discontinued,  and  since  that 
time  both  sexes  have  had  equal  admission  to  all 
the  courses  of  study. 

In  1853  the  sum  of  $20,000  was  secured  by  sub 
scription  towards  the  endowment  of  the  college, 
and,  in  1858,  910,000  for  the  new  building.  A  few 
years  later  the  sum  of  $30,000  was  subscribed,  and, 
immediately  after  the  election  of  President  Brooks, 
$50,000. 

The  ground  and  buildings  occupied  by  the  col 
lege  are  not  wholly  its  property.  The  Baptist 
Convention  of  the  State  of  Michigan  owns  the 
older  edifice,  used  for  students'  dormitories,  con 
taining  also  the  library  and  two  halls  for  the  lit 
erary  societies  of  the  young  men.  The  new  build 
ing,  designated  at  its  dedication  as  Kalamazoo  Hall, 
in  recognition  of  the  fact  that  the  expense  of  its 
erection  was  mostly  paid  by  citizens  of  Kalamazoo, 
contains  chapel,  recitation -rooms,  apparatus-room, 
and  music-room.  The  whole  real  estote  is  esti 
mated  to  be  worth  $100,000.  The  present  endow 
ment  is  about  $80,000,  of  which  a  part  is  not  now 
productive.  There  is  nominally  one  endowed  pro- 


KALLOCH 


635 


KANSAS 


fessorship  of  $10,000,  established  by  Mr.  Merrill, 
who  also  offered  §15,000  as  scholarships,  the  in 
come  to  be  given  to  students  preparing  1'or  the  min 
istry  in  Baptist  churches.  Of  the  whole  sum,  how 
ever  ($25,000),  only  one  thousand  dollars  was  paid 
in  cash,  and  the  paper  in  which  the  rest  was  paid 
is  not  at  present  yielding  any  income.  It  is  hoped 
that  both  endowments  will  become  productive  ere 
long. 

Among  those  who  have  held  professorships  in 
the  college  the  following  may  properly  bo  named : 
William  L.  Eaton,  Samuel  Graves.  D.I).,  Edward 
Gluey,  LL.  1).,  Daniel  Putnam,  Edward  Anderson, 
II.  I..  Wayland,  D.D.,  Silas  Builey,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
James  A.  Clark.  Samuel  Brooks,  D.D.,  William  C. 
Morey,  Nathan  S.  Burton,  D.D. 

Honorary  degrees  have  been  very  sparingly  given. 
Only  four  men  have  received  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Divinity,  and  three  that  of  Doctor  of  Laws,  from 
the  college,  during  the  first  twenty-five  years  of  its 
history. 

We  rejoice,  in  looking  through  the  history  of  the 
college,  that  we  are  brought  into  something  of  the 
presence  of  an  indwelling  God.  Revivals  of  re 
ligion  have  not  been  strange  things  in  its  history. 
For  a  long  time  nearly  every  year  witnessed  the 
cloud  of  God's  saving  and  consecrating  presence 
standing  at  the  door  of  the  institution.  Some  years 
the  companies  that  have  joined  themselves  to  the 
Lord  in  covenant  have  been  large.  Fifty  in  a  year 
have  entered  our  Baptist  family  through  the  ap 
pointed  door,  while  many  more  confessed  Christ 
otherwise  or  elsewhere  ;  and  not  a  few  have  owed 
their  call  to  the  Christian  ministry  to  these  seasons 
of  quickening  from  spiritual  death. 

Kalloch,  Rev.  Amariah,  was  born  in  1808  at 
Warren,  Me.  lie  was  one  of  the  foremost  ministers 
in  his  native  State  from  1830  to  1849,  when  he  sailed 
for  California.  There  having  contracted  a  fever,  and 
unwilling  to  remain  quiet  until  fully  restored,  he 
set  out  upon  a  mission  from  Sacramento  to  Placer- 
ville,  where  he  died  in  1850.  He  belonged  to  a 
family  of  preachers  well  known  in  New  England. 
lie  had  great  natural  talents,  and  was  distinguished 
for  his  piety,  enthusiasm,  and  marked  success  in 
revival  preaching  and  pastoral  work.  In  1832  he 
was  ordained  at  Thomaston,  where  he  organized  a 
church  at  a  small  hamlet  four  miles  distant,  at 
Rockland.  The  church  increased  to  400  members 
under  his  oversight.  In  1847  he  was  settled  at 
Augusta,  from  which  he  removed  to  California. 
He  was  universally  beloved.  Many  hundreds  were 
baptized  as  the  fruit  of  his  labors. 

Kane,  Chaplain  James  J.,  U.  S.  Navy,  was 
born  in  the  city  of  Ottawa,  Canada,  Oct.  18,  1837; 
was  sent  to  Europe  at  an  early  age  ;  spent  two 
years  at  a  French,  and  four  years  at  a  leading  Eng 
lish,  college  ;  in  consequence  of  ill  health  was  com 


pelled  to  give  up  his  studies,  and  went  on  a  voyage 
to  the  Arctic  regions.  He  followed  the  sea  for  sev 
eral  years,  rising  to  the  command  of  a  vessel.  In 
J857  joined  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  In 
I  SGI  was  baptized  in  the  Delaware  River  by  Rev. 
Jos.  Perry,  pastor  of  the  Mariners'  Baptist  Bethel 
of  Philadelphia.  Feeling  called  to  preach  the  gos 
pel,  Mr.  Kane  made  preparation  to  enter  upon  a 
theological  course  at  Lewisburg,  Pa.  The  civil 
war  breaking  out,  he  entered  the  naval  service  as 
an  officer,  arid  during  the  four  years  of  the  conflict 
performed  the  additional  duties  of  a  chaplain. 

At  the  close  of  the  war  he  entered  the  theological 
department  of  Lewisburg,  Pa.,  and  graduated  in 
regular  course  in  the  class  of  1807.  He  was  or 
dained  to  the  ministry  the  year  previous  in  the 
Mariners'  Baptist  Bethel,  in  order  to  file  his  appli 
cation  for  a  chaplaincy  in  the  navy. 

By  the  special  request  of  Admiral  D.  G.  Farra- 
gut,  Mr.  Kane  was  commissioned  as  chaplain  in 
June,  18G8  ;  has  served  in  various  ships  and  stations 
since  that  time.  In  1870  he  spent  one  year  at  Har 
vard  Law-School.  Chaplain  Kane  is  the  author 
of  the  work,  "  Adrift  on  the  Black  Wild  Tide." 

Kansas  Baptist  State  Convention  was  organ 
ized  in  I860,  before  Kansas  became  a  State,  and 
when  there  were  only  about  40  churches  in  the 
Territory.  Its  first  officers  were  Rev.  I.  S.  Kalloch, 
president;  Rev.  L.  A.  Alderson,  vice-president; 
and  Rev.  E.  Alward,  secretary. 

In  18G1,  Rev.  A.  Perkins,  D.D.,  was  present  as 
pastor  of  Atchison  church,  and  26  Baptist  ministers 
were  reported  as  residing  in  the  Territory,  and 
about  1200  members. 

In  1864  the  churches  were  reported  as  numbering 
54,  and  the  additions  during  the  previous  year  191 
persons. 

In  1866  Leaven  worth  was  represented  by  Rev. 
Winfield  Scott,  Ottawa  by  Rev.  Isaac  Sawyer,  and 
Lawrence  by  Rev.  E.  D.  Bentley.  Rev.  J.  G.  Pratt 
and  C.  Journeycake  were  delegates  from  the  Dela 
ware  Reserve. 

In  1868,  Rev.  C.  A.  Batenian  was  general  mis 
sionary,  and  the  names  of  Deacon  S.  J.  Nugent, 
Prof.  J.  R.  Downer,  Hon.  J.  S.  Emery,  Rev.  Robert 
Atkinson,  and  Rev.  II.  K.  Stimson  are  reported 
among  the  active  delegates  at  the  Convention. 

In  1869,  Prof.  Downer  made  an  interesting  report 
concerning  church  building  along  the  line  of  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad. 

In  1870,  Rev.  Winfield  Scott  resigned  his  charge 
at  Leavenworth  to  do  general  missionary  work 
throughout  the  State.  Judge  Emery  stated  in  his 
report  on  statistics  that  there  were  in  the  State  146 
Baptist  churches,  of  which  22.  with  a  membership 
of  350  persons,  had  been  organized  during  the 
year,  and  that  of  84  ordained  Baptist  ministers 
in  the  State,  and  9  licentiates,  all  but  2  or  3  were 


KAHKXS 


636 


KA  Y 


proclaiming  the  gospel.  The  aggregate  member 
ship  at  this  time  was  about  60X7.  and  great  progress 
was  made  in  erecting  houses  of  worship. 

in  1X71  it  was  reported  that  nearly  £60, 000  had 
been  expended  in  beginning  or  completing  church 
edifices  during  the  preceding  year,  and  that  the 
State  contained  179  churches,  with  an  aggregate  of 
7000  members.  M.  A.  (,'lark  was  present  this  year 
as  Sunday-school  missionary  for  the  State. 

In  1N7-,  Rev.  Robert  Atkinson  was  general  mis 
sionary  of  the  Home  Mission  Society,  and  Rev.  V. 
M.  Kills,  of  Lawrence,  was  secretary  of  the  Con 
vention,  and  Deacon  K.  -I.  Nugent,  of  Ottawa,  its 
treasurer.  Mr.  Atkinson  reported  that  3  general 
missionaries  and  19  missionary  pastors  had  been 
employed  in  the  State  during  the1  year,  at  an  ex 
pense  of  S6750.  which  was  appropriated  by  the 
Home  Mission  Society  for  the  purpose,  the  amount 
raised  in  Kansas  for  State  purposes  being  included 
in  this  amount. 

The  decade  from  1870  to  1SSO  begun  with  a  desire 
for  church  edifices  far  beyond  the  ability  of  the 
people  to  erect,  and  it  had  a  very  demoralizing 
effect  on  the  churches,  which  were  crippled  greatly 
on  account  of  it.  Rev.  E.  Gunn  labored  faithfully 
as  the  district  secretary  of  the  Home  Mission 
Society  during  a  portion  of  this  time,  but  under 
very  great  disadvantages.  In  1X79  and  18X0,  Rev. 
James  French,  who  had  been  stationed  at  Denver, 
Colorado,  as  district  secretary  of  the  Home  Mission 
Society  over  a  large  territory,  including  the  moun 
tain  regions,  was  directed  to  include  with  his  other 
work  the  attempt  to  liquidate  the  debts  on  Kansas 
church  edifices.  This,  with  the  aid  of  pastors  and 
others,  was  accomplished,  and  a  new  method  of 
co-operation  with  the  Home  Mission  Society  was 
successfully  inaugurated  ;  so  that  with  the  begin 
ning  of  a  new  decade,  in  1880,  and  with  a  general 
missionary  highly  esteemed  by  the  churches  (llev. 
Granville  Gates),  and  Prof.  Ward,  of  the  State  Agri 
cultural  College,  as  corresponding  secretary,  the 
Baptists  of  Kansas  occupy  a  more  favorable  position 
than  ever  before.  According  to  the  ''Year-Book" 
of  1881,  the  Baptists  of  Kansas  had 

Associations 

Churches 441 

Ordained  ministers 3(1!) 

Members 17,048 

Karens. — See  article  on  BURMAII. 

Karen  Theological  Seminary.— Early  in  the 

history  of  our  missions  the  conclusion  was  reached 
that  the  mission  churches  must  be  taught,  as  soon 
as  possible,  to  be  self-sustaining,  and  that  a  native 
ministry  must  lie  trained  to  take  the  pastoral  over 
sight  of  them.  The  ministry  thus  raised  up  must  be 
educated,  and  the  necessary  facilities  furnished  to  se 
cure  the  needed  instruction.  At  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  board  of  the  Missionary  Union,  in  Albany,  in 
1843,  Dr.  Wayland,  as  chairman  of  a  committee  on 


the  education  of  native  teachers  and  preachers,  re 
ported  in  favor  of  the  establishment  of  a  theological 
school  for  the  Karens.  Immediate  steps  were  taken 
to  carry  into  effect  this  recommendation,  and  llev. 
Dr.  Binney  and  his  wile  sailed  from  this  country 
in  November,  1X43,  to  take  charge  of  the  new  in 
stitution.  The  location  first  selected  for  it  was  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Maulmain.  and  it  was  named  New 
ton.  The  first  term  was  opened  May  128.  1>45.  and 
thirty-six  students  were  in  attendance  at  the  close 
of  the  first  year.  For  the  next  few  years  the  school 
was  successful  under  the  supervision  of  Dr.  Bin- 
ney.  In  September,  1X50.  Dr.  Binney  was  obliged  to 
leave,  with  Mrs.  Binney.  who  was  ill,  for  the  United 
States,  and  the  institution  was  left  in  charge  of 
llev.  X.  Harris,  and  in  1X53  it  was  placed  under 
the  care  of  Rev.  -I.  II.  Vinton.  In  consequence  of 
the  ravages  of  the  cholera,  it  was  suspended  at  the 
close  of  the  first  term.  When  it  was  reorganized, 
in  1X54.  Dr.  Wade  was  selected  to  take  charge  of 
it  until  the  return  of  Dr.  Binney,  who  resumed  his- 
old  position  May  25,  1X60,  the  institution  having 
been  removed  from  Maulmain  to  Rangoon.  In 
1X63,  Rev.  C.  II.  Carpenter  was  added  to  the  corps- 
of  teachers,  and  Rev.  D.  W.  Smith  in  1X65.  After 
six  years  of  faithful  service.  Dr.  Binney  was  obliged 
again  to  return  to  this  country  on  account  of  the 
impaired  health  of  Mrs.  Binney.  For  some  two 
years  Messrs.  Carpenter  and  Smith  had  the  over 
sight  of  the  institution,  and  then  Dr.  Binney  once 
more  returned  to  his  post,  Mr.  Smith  retiring  to 
Ilenthada,  to  fill  the  place  made  vacant  by  the  re 
moval  of  Mr.  Thomas  to  Bassein.  From  the  open 
ing  of  the  institution,  in  1843,  to  Sept.  30,  1867, 
the  sum  of  S12.330.16  had  been  expended  in  meet- 
iiif  its  wants.  The  late  Prof.  Rugbies,  of  Wash- 

D 

ington,  has  been  a  liberal  donor  to  the  funds  of  the 
seminary,  and  to  him  more  than  to  any  other 
person  is  to  be  attributed,  under  God,  its  present 
prosperity.  Mr.  Smith  returned  to  the  seminary 
in  1869  and  remained  for  a  short  time,  and  then  re 
sumed  his  duties  at  Ilenthada.  For  the  past  few 
years  the  institution  has  done  its  work  with  success, 
Dr.  Binney' s  health  failing,  he  left  Rangoon  Nov. 
14,  1876.  The  seminary  for  more  than  a  year  was 
under  the  care  of  native  teachers.  Mr.  Smith,  who 
had  again  been  placed  on  the  corps  of  instructors,, 
reached  Rangoon  in  the  latter  part  of  1876,  soon 
after  the  departure  of  Dr.  Binney,  and  at  once  en 
tered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  as  the  presiding 
officer  of  the  seminary.  Its  affairs  are  in  a  hopeful 
and  prosperous  condition,  and  the  happiest  results 
may  be  predicted  for  it  in  the  future. 

Kay,  Robert  G.,  was  born  in  Culpeper  Co.. 
Va.,  Sept.  10,  1804.  About  the  year  1825  he  was 
converted,  and  united  with  a  Baptist  church  in 
Christian  County  of  which  the  lady  whom  he  mar 
ried,  Miss  Cynthia  A.  Burruss,  and  who  survives 


KEACH 


637 


KEACH 


him,  was  already  a  member.  In  October,  1S33,  lie 
removed  with  his  family  to  Illinois  and  settled  at 
Payson,  where  he  resided  for  more  than  forty  years 
upon  the  same  homestead.  From  this  farm  his 
family  of  eleven  children,  as  they  successively 
reached  manhood  and  womanhood,  went  forth  to 
do  their  life-work.  Among  these  children  was  Mrs. 
E.  P.  Scott,  well  known  as  formerly  a  missionary, 
with  her  husband,  Rev.  E.  P.  Scott,  in  Assam.  Mr. 
Kay  always  took  an  active  interest  in  all  public 
questions,  but  it  was  in  the  name  of  Christ  that  his 
energies  were  chiefly  enlisted.  Here  he  loved  to 
bestow  his  prayers,  his  labors,  and  gifts.  In  dona 
tions  he  sometimes  seemed  almost  prodigal,  yet 
what  he  gave  was  always  returned  to  him  in  larger 
measure,  lie  was  one  of  the  constituent  members 
of  the  Payson  Baptist  church  at  its  organization,  in 
1834  ;  was  chosen  to  the  deaconship  in  1836,  and 
continued  in  that  office  until  his  death.  The  Sab 
bath-school  of  the  church  was  organized  in  1840; 
he  was  its  first  superintendent,  and  while  he  lived 
continued  to  labor  in  the  school  either  in  this  or 
in  some  other  capacity.  He  also  had  an  active 
share  in  the  organization  of  the  Quincy  Baptist 
Association.  His  death  occurred  at  Payson,  Adams 
Co.,  111.,  May  12,  1877. 

Keach,  Rev.  Benjamin,  was  born  in  Stoke- 
haman,  England,  Feb.  29,  1640.  He  found  peace 
through  Christ  in  his  fifteenth  year  ;  and  being  un 
able  to  discover  infant  baptism  or  baptism  by 
sprinkling  in  the  Bible,  and  being  fully  satisfied 
that  every  believer  should  be  immersed,  he  was 
baptized  after  the  Saviour's  example  by  John 
Russel,  and  united  with  a  neighboring  Baptist 
church.  This  community,  perceiving  his  remark 
able  talents,  encouraged  him,  when  he  was  eigh 
teen  years  old,  to  exercise  his  gifts  as  a  minister. 

At  first  he  was  an  Arminian  about  the  extent  of 
the  atonement  and  free-will,  but  the  reading  of  the 
Scriptures  and  the  conversation  of  those  who  knew 
the  will  of  God  more  perfectly  relieved  him  from 
both  errors.  In  1(508,  in  the  twenty-eighth  year 
of  his  age,  he  was  ordained  pastor  of  the  church 
of  Ilorsleydown,  Southwark,  London.  The  con 
gregation  increased  so  rapidly  after  Mr.  Keach  be 
came  pastor,  that  they  had  repeatedly  to  enlarge 
their  house  of  worship. 

Mr.  Keach  soon  became  a  famous  disputant  on 
the  Baptist  side  ;  he  had  taken  Richard  Baxter  in 
hand,  to  the  serious  injury  of  the  bishop  of  Kidder 
minster,  and  others  had  felt  his  heavy  blows. 

The  Rev.  John  Tredwell,  of  Lavingham,  a  friend 
of  Mr.  Keach,  was  blessed  in  his  ministry  by  the 
conversion  of  several  vicious  persons,  who  united 
with  his  church  ;  this  stirred  up  the  indignation 
of  the  Rev.  Win.  Burkitt,  the  commentator,  a  neigh 
bor  of  Mr.  Tredwell,  who  cast  many  unjust  reflec 
tions  upon  the  Baptists  and  their  doctrines.  Mr. 


Tredwell  wrote  Mr.  Burkitt  giving  some  reasons 
why  he  should  abandon  the  unchristian  course  he 
was  pursuing.  Mr.  Burkitt,  at  a  time  when  Mr. 
Tredwell  and  his  people  were  gathered  in  the  sanc 
tuary  for  public  worship,  with  a  number  of  his 
parishioners,  entered  the  'meeting-house,  and  de 
manded  that  Mr.  Tredwell  and  his  church  should 
hear  his  view  of  the  points  in  dispute.  Mr.  Tred 
well.  taken  aback  somewhat  by  "  such  a  riotous 
and  tumultuous  challenge,"  agreed  to  let  him  speak 
against  Baptist  beliefs  and  usages,  provided  that  he 
should  have  an  opportunity  to  reply.  For  nearly 
two  hours  Mr.  Burkitt  sustained  infant  baptism, 
and  then  he  and  his  "  riotous  company  departed 
without  giving  Mr.  Tredwell  an  opportunity  of 
making  any  return,  except  to  a  few  of  his  own 


REV.    BENJAMIN    REACH. 

persuasion  that  were  left  behind."  Mr.  Burkitt 
speedily  published  the  substance  of  the  address  so 
rudely  intruded  upon  the  Baptist  minister  and  his 
people.  Mr.  Keach,  as  a  valiant  defender  of  the 
faith,  was  invited  to  reply  to  Mr.  Burkitt' s  argu 
ments,  which  he  did  effectively  in  "  The  Rector 
Rectified  and  Corrected."  Mr.  Burkitt  was  rector 
of  Dcdham. 

He  was  challenged  by  some  Episcopal  ministers 
to  discuss  baptism  atGravesend,  near  London.  As 
he  went  to  that  place  in  a  boat  with  some  friends, 
he  incidentally  alluded  to  the  proposed  meeting  in 
a  way  that  permitted  a  stranger,  an  Episcopal  min 
ister,  to  know  that  he  was  Mr.  Keach.  This  person 
attacked  him  about  infant  baptism,  and  received 
such  a  complete  drubbing  that  as  soon  as  the  boat 


KKACH 


KKAf'lf 


touched  hind  he  started  for  his  Episcopal  brethren 
and  informed  them  of  the  arguments  which  Mr. 
Kcae.h  would  use  and  of  his  method  of  putting 
them.  The  result  of  the  interview  between  Mr. 
Reach's  fellow-traveler  in  the  (iravesend  boat  and 
his  brethren  was  that  they  went  away  as  quickly 
as  possible,  leaving  Mr.  Reach  without  an  antago 
nist. 

Mr.  Keach  was  often  in  prison  for  preaching,  and 
his  lilo  was  frequently  in  danger.  Some  cavalry 
sent  down  to  Buckinghamshire  to  suppress  the  re 
ligious  meetings  of  Dissenters  found  Mr.  Keach 
preaching,  and  swore  that  they  would  kill  him. 
He  was  seized  and  bound  and  laid  on  the  earth, 
and  four  of  the  troopers  were  ready  to  trample  him 
to  death  with  their  hordes:  but  just  as  they  were 
going  to  put  spurs  to  their  horses  an  officer  who 
perceived  their  object  rode  up  and  stopped  them. 
He  was  taken  to  prison,  from  which  lie  obtained  a 
release  after  suffering  great  hardships. 

In  lb'f>4  he  wrote  "The  Child's  Instructor." 
For  the  heresies  against  the  Episcopal  Church  in 
the  little  work  he  was  arrested  and  bound  over 
under  heavy  penalties  to  appear  at  court.  The 
assi/es  began  at  Aylesbury  Oct.  S,  K'>(i4.  Tin; 
judge  was  Lord  ( 'hief  Justice  Hyde,  afterwards 
Lord  Clarendon,  Avlio  acted  like  Jeffreys  at  the 
"  Bloody  Assixes.''  lie  abused  Mr.  Keach  out 
rageously,  lie  threatened  the  jury,  and  he  evidently 
wanted  to  have  Mr.  Keach  executed  if  he  could 
terrify  him  into  making  some  unwise  statements. 
The  jury  brought  in  a  verdict  that  Mr.  Keach  was 
guilty  in  part.  And  when  asked  to  explain  their 
verdict  the  foreman  said,  "  In  the  indictment  he  is 
charged  with  these  words,  '  When  the  thousand 
years  shall  be  expired,  then  shall  all  the  rest  of  the 
d< r//.s'  be  raised'  :  but  in  the  book  it  is.  '  Then  shall 
the  rest  of  the  dead  be  raised.'  "  The  judge  in 
formed  the  jury  that  they  could  bring  him  in  guilty 
of  all  the  indictments  but  that  sentence.  Thcv 
brought  in  the  prompted  verdict.  And  immediately 
the  judge  said:  "Benjamin  Keach,  you  are  here 
convicted  for  writing,  printing,  and  publishing  a 
seditious  and  scliismatical  book,  for  which  the 
court's  judgment  is  that  you  go  to  jail  for  a  fort 
night  without,  bail,  and  the  next  Saturday  stand 
upon  the  pillory  at  Aylesbury  in  the  open  market 
for  the  space  of  two  hours,  Avith  a  paper  upon  your 
head  with  this  inscription.  '  For  writing,  printing, 
and  publishing  a  scliismatical  book  entitled  '•Tin- 
Child's  Instructor,  or  a  Xew  and  Easy  Primer,''  ' 
and  the  next  Thursday  to  stand  in  the  same  man 
ner  and  for  the  same  time  in  the  market  of  "\V ins- 
low  ;  and  then  your  book  shall  be  openly  burnt 
before  your  face  by  the  common  hangman  in  dis 
grace  of  you  and  your  doctrine.  And  you  shall 
forfeit  to  the  king's  majesty  the  sum  of  twenty 
pounds;  and  shall  remain  in  jail  until  you  find 


sureties  for  your  good  behavior  and  appearance  at 

the  next  assi/es,  there  to  renounce  your  doctrines 
and  make  such  public  submission  as  shall  be  en 
joined  upon  you.''  The  sheriff  was  as  rigorous  in 
executing  this  infamous  sentence  as  tin-  judge  was 
insolent  in  pronouncing  it. 

On  the  pillory  at  Aylesbury  Mr.  Keach  defended 
himself  and  the  truth  with  great  boldness.  The 
jailer  frequently  interrupted  him.  and  finally  the 
sheriff  himself  threatened  to  have  him  gagged. 
The  people,  contrary  to  custom,  had  no  words  of 
mockery  for  the  good,  persecuted  minister,  and  no 
offensive  missile  was  hurled  at  him.  An  Episcopal 
minister  who  ventured  to  assail  Mr.  Keach  in  the 
pillory  was  immediately  reproached  by  the  people 
with  the  ungodliness  of  his  own  life,  and  his  voice 
was  drowned  in  laughter.  At  Winslow,  where  he 
lived,  he  suffered  the  same  shameful  penalty,  and 
a  copy  of  his  little  book  was  burned. 

Mr.  Keach  was  a  y.ealous  Baptist;  he  aided  min 
isters  who  came  to  him  from  all  parts  of  his  country, 
he  had  many  meeting-houses  built,  and  his  works 
in  defense  of  Baptist  principles  were  read  all  over 
the  kingdom.  Before  his  death  men  spoke  of  him 
as  the  "  famous''  Mr.  Keach,  and  he  is  still  de 
scribed  by  writers  as  a  man  of  great  celebrity.  His 
two  most  popular  works  are  "  Tropologia.  or  a  Key 
to  open  Scripture  Metaphors,"  and  "Gospel  Mys 
teries  Unveiled,  or  an  Exposition  of  all  the  Para 
bles."  The  latter  work  is  more  frequently  offered 
for  sale  in  the  catalogues  of  the  great  London  sec 
ond-hand  bookstores  than  any  production  of  llich- 
ard  Baxter,  John  Howe,  or  Jeremy  Taylor.  Mr. 
Keach  was  the  author  of  forty-three  works.  He 
died  July  IS,  17<M,  in  his  sixty-fourth  year.  He 
was  a  devout  Christian  who  led  a  blameless  life 
and  died  in  the  triumphs  of  faith. 

Keach,  Rev.  Ellas,  was  born  in  lof)7.  He  was 
the  only  son  of  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Keach,  a  distin 
guished  Baptist  minister  of  London,  England.  He 
came  to  Philadelphia  in  1GSG,  when  he  was  nineteen 
years  of  age.  At  the  time  of  his  arrival  in  this  conn  try 
he  was  a  very  ungodly  young  man.  To  make  him 
self  appear  to  be  a  clergyman  he  wore  black  cloth 
ing  and  bands,  and  he  was  at  once  taken  for  a  min 
ister.  He  speedily  had  an  opportunity  of  showing 
his  clerical  talents  by  conducting  a  public  service. 
lie  succeeded  with  his  imposition  until  he  had 
preached  a  considerable  portion  of  his  sermon. 
Then  he  stopped  abruptly  and  "looked  like  a  man 
astonished."  The  people  supposed  that  he  had 
been  taken  by  some  serious  and  unexpected  com 
plaint.  But  as  they  gathered  around  him  they 
learned  from  him  that  he  was  neither  a  minister 
nor  a  Christian,  and  he  made  the  communication 
with  tears  and  "  much  trembling."  Great  was  his 
anguish,  and  to  obtain  relief  he  went  to  Elder 
Dungan,  of  Cold  Spring,  near  Bristol,  Pa.,  who 


KEA  CH 


639 


KEKL  Y 


encouraged  him  to  take  his  guilty  soul  to  the  sin- 
cleansing  Redeemer.  Soon  the  young  man  was  a 
happy  believer,  full  of  ardent  love  to  the  Lord 
Jesus,  and  anxious  to  be  a  true  preacher  of  his 
"•lad  tidings.  Elder  Duncan  baptized  him;  and 

J-i  ~  l  - 

from  the  Cold  Spring  church  and  pastor  he  went 
forth  ordained  to  preach -Jesus. 

Mr.  Reach  constituted  the  Lower  Dublin  church 
in  January,  1GS8.  This  church  immediately  elected 
him  its  pastor;  and  from  it  has  sprung  the  wealthy 
and  influential  sisterhood  of  churches  that  now 
makes  Philadelphia  the  home  of  the  greatest  num 
ber  of  Baptists  in  any  large  city  in  America.  Mr. 
Reach  labored  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey 
with  burning  zeal,  journeying  far,  preaching  often, 
and  succeeding  marvelously.  The  Lower  Dublin 
church  at  one  time  embraced  in  its  membership 
all  the  Baptists  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey  ; 
and  to  accommodate  its  widely  scattered  commu 
nicants  the  Lord's  Supper  was  administered  at 
Burlington  and  Cohansey,  N.  J.,  and  at  Chester, 
Philadelphia,  and  Lower  Dublin,  Pa.  Lower  Dub 
lin  at  that  time  was  the  seat  and  centre  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  several  colonies,  and  from 
the  community  founded  and  extended  so  widely 
by  Mr.  Reach  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association 
arose,  the  first  Association  of  our  brethren  on  this 
side  of  the  Atlantic. 

Mr.  Reach  married  Miss  Moore,  a  daughter  of 
Chief  •Justice  Nicholas  Moore,  of  Pennsylvania. 
Owing  to  some  difficulties  in  the  Lower  Dublin 
church,  Mr.  Reach  returned  to  England  in  17'.'-. 

After  his  return  to  London  he  organized  a 
church,  of  which  he  became  pastor,  into  the  mem 
bership  of  which  he  baptized  about  130  souls  in 
nine  months  after  reaching  London.  He  died  in 
1701  in  the  thirty-fourth  year  of  his  age. 

lie  was  a  preacher  of  popular  talents  and  of  un 
doubted  piety.  He  often  had  a  congregation  at 
the  morning  lecture,  supported  by  the  Baptists 
in  Pinner's  Hall,  London,  of  1500  persons.  Mr. 
Reach  published  "  Four  Sermons  on  Justification," 
';A  Treatise  on  Discipline,''  and  ''Two  Sermons 
on  the  Nature  and  Excellency  of  the  Grace  of 
Patience.'' 

Keachi  Female  College,  located  at  Reachi, 

De  Soto  Parish.  La.,  was  chartered  in  1X57,  with  a 
capital  stock  of  SIS, 000.  and  with  buildings  do 
nated  by  Thomas  M.  (lattin.  which  cost  $4500. 
The  school  opened  in  1S5S  under  Dr.  J.  S.  Bacon, 
of  South  Carolina,  who  resigned  in  a  short  time, 
and  Rev.  J.  II.  Tucker  succeeded  him.  At  the  be 
ginning  of  the  war  125  young  ladies  were  in  at 
tendance.  During  the  war  the  school  was  sus 
pended,  and  the  buildings  used  for  a  Confederate 
hospital.  After  the  war  it  was  reorganized,  under 
Peter  Crawford,  who  held  the  position  until  1S71, 
when  he  resigned,  and  Rev.  J.  II.  Tucker  was 


again  called  to  the  presidency,  and  has  continued 
in  office  until  the  present  time.  The  college  has 
gradually  regained  its  former  prosperity. 

Keely,  Rev.  George,  was  born  at  Walsham. 
County  of  Suffolk,  Hngland,  July  20,  1772.  Early 
in  life  he  lost  his  father,  and  was  thrown  upon  the 
care  of  an  affectionate  mother,  whose  instructions 
and  wise  counsels  exerted  an  influence  upon  his 
youthful  mind  which  was  most  salutary.  When 
he  was  eighteen  years  of  age  he  went  to  London, 

f~>  •/ 

friendless  and  alone.  By  diligence  and  application 
to  business  he  soon  made  for  himself  a  position  in 
which  he  bade  fair  to  secure  prosperity  in  his 
worldly  affairs.  The  providence  of  God  directed 
him  to  the  place  of  worship  where  Dr.  Rippon  was 
the  pastor,  the  same  church  of  which  Mr.  Spur- 
geon  is  now  the  minister.  Here  he  was  converted 
and  baptized.  Soon  after,  he  abandoned  business, 
and  prepared  for  the  ministry  at  Bristol  College 
under  the  charge  of  Dr.  Ryland.  He  became  the 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Northampton  in 
1799,  remaining  there  ten  years,  at  the  end  of 
which  period  he  became  pastor  of  a  church  in 
Ridgemount,  in  the  County  of  Bedford,  and  con 
tinued  there  until  he  resigned  in  ISIS  to  come  to 
this  country.  Soon  after  reaching  the  United 
States  he  became  the  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  in  Ilaverhill,  Mass.,  and  was  recognized  as 
such  Oct.  7,  ISIS.  For  nearly  fourteen  years  he 
continued  his  labors  in  this  important  church,  and 
established  a  reputation  for  being  one  of  the  ablest 
ministers  in  the  denomination  in  Massachusetts. 
Upon  his  resignation  he  declined  all  overtures 
again  to  settle  as  a  pastor.  lie  passed  the  re 
mainder  of  his  life  in  such  employments  as  were 
congenial  with  his  tastes,  and  died,  at  the  great  age 
of  ninetv-four  years,  at  Hampton  Falls,  N.  II. 
Keely,  Prof.  George  Washington,  LL.D.,  was 

born  in  Northampton,  England,  Dec.  25,  1S03.  His 
father,  Rev.  George  Recly,  came  to  this  country  in 
IS  IS,  and  for  several  years  was  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Ilaverhill.  George  entered 
Brown  University  in  1820,  and  graduated  with  the 
highest  honors  of  his  class  in  1S24.  He  was  ap 
pointed  tutor  of  the  Latin  and  Greek  Languages  in 
Brown  University  in  1S25,  and  continued  in  the 
office  for  three  years,  and  gained  for  himself  a  high 
reputation  as  an  accomplished  instructor.  Having 
taught  a  private  school  for  a  year,  he  was  appointed 
in  1S29  Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Phi 
losophy  in  Waterville  College.  A  new  direction 
was  soon  given  to  his  studies,  which  hitherto  had 
been  in  the  department  of  languages.  He  had  so 
vigorous  a  mind  that  it  was  not  difficult  to  turn  his 

i  intellectual  energies  into  new  channels,  and  he 
soon  mastered  the  more  abstruse  studies  to  which 
he  now  directed  his  attention,  and  proved  himself 

I  to  be  one  of  the  ablest  scholars  in  the  land  in  the 


KKKL  Y 


640 


special  direction  to  which  he  applied  himself.  For 
twenty-three  years  he  held  the  office  of  Professor 
of  Mathematics  and  Natural  Philosophy,  securing 
for  himself  the  sincere  respect  and  the  warm  ad 
miration  of  the  students  who  came  under  his  super-  I 
vision.  lie  resigned  his  professorship  in  1852,  and 
returned  to  more  private  life,  lie  was  employed 
for  several  years  in  the  United  States  Coast  Sur 
vey,  and  was  also  a  correspondent  of  the  Royal 
Observatory  of  England.  Prof.  Keelv  combined 
in  himself  what  might  be  regarded  as  opposite 
traits  of  character.  lie  was  modest  almost  to 
timidity  and  lived  the  life  of  a  scholastic  recluse. 
and  vet  no  man  in  the  community  kept  himself 
better  informed  as  to  what  was  going  on  in  the 
world,  or  was  more  entertaining  and  instructive  in 
his  conversation  with  those  who  were  the  sharers 
of  his  hospitality  or  casually  met  him  in  the  or 
dinary  walks  of  life. 

Prof.  Keely  was  an  habitual  worshiper  at  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  Waterville.  in  whose  pros 
perity  he  always  felt  interested.  The  writer  of  this 
sketch,  once  his  pastor,  cherishes  for  him  a  regard 
and  an  affection  which  he  has  felt  for  but  few  men. 
Brown  University  conferred  upon  him  in  1S49  the 
honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws.  His  death 
took  place  almost  without  a  moment's  warning,  at 
Watcrville,  June  13,  1S78. 

Keely,  Rev.  Josiah,  son  of  Rev.  George  Keely, 
was  born  in  England  May  20,  1S06.  He  was  bap 
tized  by  his  father  June  18,  1826,  ordained  Dec. 
21,  1843.  as  pastor  of  the  church  in  Wenham,  Mass., 
where  he  remained  until  called  to  the  church  in 
Saco,  Me.  lie  continued  to  act  as  pastor  of  this 
church  for  eleven  years,  when  he  resigned,  having 
received  an  appointment  as  chaplain  of  the  13th 
Maine  Regiment,  Jan.  1,  1864.  The  hard  service 
of  military  life  undermined  his  health,  and  suffering 
from  disease,  he  was  taken  to  St.  James  Hospital, 
New  Orleans,  where  he  died  June  24,  1864. 

Keen,  Joseph. — Jb'ran  Kyn  (Keen),  the  ancestor 
of  Joseph  Keen,  came  to  this  country  from  Sweden 
at  about  the  age  of  twenty-three  with  Gov.  John 
Printz  in  1643.  He  was  the  founder  of  Upland, 
now  Chester,  Delaware  Co.,  Pa,  ;  and  the  Crozer 
Theological  Seminary  (in  which  Dr.  W.  W.  Keen, 
the  grandson  of  Joseph  Keen,  is  one  of  the  con 
stituent  trustees)  stands  on  a  portion  of  what  was 
once  his  land.  (See  "The  Descendants  of  Jb'ran 
Kyn,"  in  the  Peiina.  May.  Hint,  and  Jlioc/.,  1878- 
81.)  Like  not  a  few  of  his  descendants.  Jb'ran 
Keen  was  of  such  eminent  piety  that  he  is  re 
ferred  to  in  early  colonial  documents  as  "  the 
pious."  The  family  were  originally  Swedish  Lu 
therans,  and  the  grave-stone  of  Matthias  Keen, 
the  great-grandfather  of  Joseph,  is  (with  the  ex 
ception  of  that  of  two  children)  the  oldest  in  the 
old  Swedes'  (Gloria  Dei)  church-yard,  Philadelphia. 


The  father  of  Joseph  Keen,  Matthias,  of  Tacony, 
Oxford  township,  near  Philadelphia,  was  a  member 
of  the  Church  of  England  (as  most  of  the  Swedish 
Lutherans  became),  and  was  a  vestryman  for  many 
years  of  Trinity  church,  Oxford.  His  mother, 
through  whose  influence  Joseph  became  a  Baptist, 
was  Margaret  Thomas,  whose  father,  John  Thomas, 
came  to  America  from  Wales,  settled  near  Phila 
delphia,  and  died  in  1747.  Joseph  was  born  July 
14,  1762.  At  the  age  of  eighteen  he  left  Tacony, 
and  was  apprenticed  to  George  Oakley,  a  tanner 
and  currier,  for  £150,  which  sum,  with  character 
istic  integrity,  lie  worked  out.  He  continued  in 
this  business  to  the  end  of  his  life  in  co-partnership 
with  John  Sellers,  an  eminent  and  devoted  Quaker. 
He  Avas  married  by  Dr.  Rogers,  Jan.  24,  1788,  to 


JOSEPH    KEEN. 

Margaret  Williams,  a  woman  of  superior  character 
and  eminent  worth,  who  died  Oct.  16.  1815.  He 
related  his  personal  Christian  experience  before  the 
First  Baptist  church.  Philadelphia,  April  5,  1790, 
was  unanimously  elected  a  deacon  Nov.  25,  1799, 
and  served  as  such  for  nearly  twenty-two  years 
until  his  death,  May  12,  1821,  at  the  age  of  fifty- 
nine. 

"  No  one  can  peruse  the  minutes  during  his  long 
connection  with  the  church  without  being  impressed 
with  the  variety  and  intensity  of  his  Christian 
activities,  the  kindliness  of  his  heart,  the  loyalty 
of  his  faith,  and  the  high  esteem  in  which  he  was 
held  by  the  entire  church."  When  the  Baptist 
Sunday-school  enterprise  was  first  started  in  Phil 
adelphia  it  was  approved  by  some,  mildly  counte- 


KEEN 


041 


KEEN 


nanced  by  Dr.  llolcombe,  the  pastor,  but  heartily 
encouraged  by  Deacon  Keen,  and  when,  in  October, 
1815,  the  first  session  was  held,  he  "  opened  the 
school  with  the  first  public  prayer  connected  with 
the  Baptist  Sunday-school  enterprise  in  this  city" 
(see  Spencer's  "  Early  Baptists  of  Philadelphia," 
pp.  186-8), — a  service  he  repeatedly  rendered  to 
the  cause  in  its  early  days. 

Keen,  William  Williams,  son  of  Joseph  and 

Margaret  (Williams)  Keen,  was  born  Sept.  4,  1797, 
in  Tacony,  near  Philadelphia.  His  mother  had 
taken  refuge  there  during  the  epidemic  of  yellow 
fever,  and  he  was  born  in  a  house  built  by  his 
great-grandfather,  John  Keen,  on  a  tract  of  300 
acres  of  land  originally  obtained  from  Sir  Edmund 
Andros  in  1076.  He  was  associated  with  his  father 


\VIU.IAM    WILLIAMS    KEEN. 

in  business  at  the  age  of  nineteen.  At  his  death 
he  succeeded  him,  with  his  brothers  Joseph  and 
Samuel  W.,  and  was  for  many  years  one  of  the 
most  prominent  men  in  his  branch  of  trade.  He 
retired  from  active  business  in  1851.  He  was  mar 
ried  Feb.  20,  1823,  by  Dr.  llolcombe,  to  Susan 
Budd,  a  descendant  of  AVilliam  Budd,  who  came 
over  from  England  and  settled  in  Burlington  Co., 
N.  J.,  in  1678.  She  came  of  a  robust  religious 
stock,  llcv.  Thomas  Budd,  the  father  of  William, 
while  rector  of  Martock,  Somersetshire,  England, 
in  1G60,  under  Charles  the  Second,  became  aQuaker. 
In  1662,  on  account  of  his  religious  opinions,  he 
was  thrown  into  jail  at  Ilchester,  and  remained 
there,  resolutely  adhering  to  his  conscientious  con 
victions,  till  liberated  by  death  June  22,  1670,  after 


eight  years  of  imprisonment.  After  an  honored 
and  most  useful  life,  she  died  Oct.  27,  1877,  in  the 
seventy-fourth  year  of  her  age.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  First  Baptist  church,  Philadelphia, 
Oct.  24,  1831,  he  and  his  wife  being  baptized  with 
a  large  number  of  candidates,  including  seven  mar 
ried  couples,  by  Dr.  Brantly.  As  'was  then  the 
custom,  the  whole  company,  in  baptismal  robes, 
attended  by  the  members  of  the  church,  marched 
to  Arch  Street  wharf,  crossed  to  Cooper's  Point, 
Camden,  and  were  there  baptized  in  the  Delaware. 
Both  his  personal  and  his  family  ties  have  ever 
bound  him  closely  to  this  ancient  church.  His 
father  was  a  deacon  in  it  for  nearly  twenty-two 
years ;  his  brother  Joseph  was  a  deacon  for  twenty 
years;  his  brother  Samuel  a  trustee  and  church 
clerk  ;  and  lie  in  his  turn  became  a  trustee  Jan. 
20,  1834,  and  a  deacon  Nov.  22,  1838. 

In  May,  1843,  he  removed  to  AVest  Philadelphia. 
Here  he  quickly  gathered  a  few  scattered  brethren 
into  a  determined  and  hopeful  band,  and  in  Octo 
ber,  1843,  less  than  five  months  after  their  first 
meeting,  they  laid  the  corner-stone  of  a  neat  build 
ing  for  the  First  Baptist  church,  West  Philadel 
phia,  on  a  lot  given  to  the  church  by  him,  and 
afterwards  repurchased  on  their  removal  to  the 
present  site  at  the  corner  of  Thirty-sixth  and  Chest 
nut  Streets.  In  1860  the  present  handsome  brown- 
stone  church  and  chapel  were  erected.  Few  who 
have  never  gone  through  the  trials  of  building  two 
churches  know  what  /eal  and  determination,  and 
often  what  real  sacrifices,  arc  necessary  to  carry 
them  through.  Ilis  brethren  deserve  all  praise  for 
their  heroic  endeavors  to  carry  the  load,  but  the 
main  burden,  financially  at  least,  fell  upon  him, 
and  when  failure  threatened  he  sold  his  horses  and 
his  carriages,  curtailed  family  expenses  in  every 
direction,  often  at  personal  discomfort,  and  made 
even  his  garden  and  his  grapery  aid  in  the  work  of 
building  the  Lord's  house.  Most  men  settle  on  a 
scale  of  expenses,  family  and  personal,  suitable  to 
their  means  and  social  position,  and  give  away 
what  they  can  afford  out  of  the  remnant  of  their 
income,  but  with  him  the  sum  devoted  to  the  Lord 
was  the  standard  by  which  all  expenses,  family  and 
personal,  were  regulated,  and  many  a  debate  was 
held  with  his  conscience  before  a  grapery,  a  green 
house,  a  coachman,  or  a  pair  of  horses  was  decided 
upon,  lest  the  unusual  expense  should  curtail  his 
beneficence.  When  he  retired  from  business  he 
resolved  on  his  knees  never  to  lay  up  another 
dollar,  a  resolution  he  has  fulfilled  for  more  than 
twenty-seven  years.  He  has  frequently  given  away 
more  than  half  his  income,  and  an  aggregate  sum 
amounting  to  more  than  all  he  is  worth  at  present. 
Next  to  his  church,  the  American  Baptist  Publica 
tion  Society  was  his  cherished  field  of  denomina 
tional  work.  In  1837,  while  it  was  a  feeble  insti- 


04-2 


KEITH 


tution,  occupying  ;i  small  building  belonging  to  his 
father's  estate  on  Fourth  Street  above  Chestnut,  lie 
became   its   treasurer,   and    faithfully  administered  ' 
its  finances  for  eighteen  years.      He  was  one  of  the  j 
most  earnest  advocates  of  its  removal  to  530  Arch  j 
Street,  and  headed  the  subscription  list  with  §5000.  j 
After   serving    the   society  as  treasurer,  vice-presi-  , 
dent,  and  manager   from    1837  to  1872,  his  joy  has 
been  irreat  in  its  removal    to  such  a  splendid   home 
as  the  exceptional  liberality  of  its  friends  has  now 
provided  for  it.      More  than   usually  trusted  by  bis 
brethren,  he  has  been  called  to  many  offices  of  use 
fulness   and    responsibility   in    the   denomination. 
Besides    his  service  in  the  Publication    Society,  he 
was  a  constituent  trustee  of  the  university  at  Lewis-  ; 
burg,    and    served    for   three    years    (1846-49);    a 
member  of  the  first  and  most  carefully  chosen  board 
of  managers   of  the   Missionary   Union,  organized 
in  lS4f>  after  the  dissolution  of  the  Triennial  Con 
vention,  a  position  he  filled  for  two  years  -.  manager 
of  the  Philadelphia  Baptist  Association  since  1850; 
trustee  of  the   Ministers'  and  Widows'  Fund  since 
1858;    manager   of     the    Pennsylvania  Education 
Society   for   twenty-five  years  (1842-67),  to  which 
society  he  gave,  in  1S;">6,  its  first  scholarship:  man 
ager  of  the  Pennsylvania  Baptist  General  Associa 
tion   for   twenty-two  years  (1832-54)  :  and   in   the 
two   churches   of  which  he   has  been  a  member  a 
deacon  for  nearly  forty-three  years. 

Not  only  in  the  church,  but  also  in  the  commer 
cial  community,  he  has  been  confided  in.  having 
been  a  manager  in  the  Woodlands  cemetery  for 
nineteen  years,  a  director  in  the  Bank  of  North 
America,  the  oldest  bank  in  the  country,  for  nearly 
twenty  years,  and  as  a  constituent  manager  of  the 
Western  Saving-Fund  since  1847,  has  served  nearly 
thirty-four  years. 

Now,  in  a  ripe  though  feeble  and  blind  old  age, 
honored  by  all  who  know  or  know  of  him,  he  is 
awaiting  with  expectation  and  delight  the  summons 
of  his  Lord,  "Well  done,  good  and  faithful  servant: 
enter  thou  into  the  joy  of  thy  Lord." 

Keen,  William  Williams,  M.D.,  son  of  Wil 
liam  W.  and  Susan  (Budd)  Keen,  was  born  in  Phila 
delphia,  -Jan.  19,  1837.  Graduated  from  the  Cen 
tral  High  School,  January,  1853.  Entered  Brown 
University  in  1855,  and  graduated  in  1859.  After 
pursuing  scientific  studies  as  a  resident  graduate 
for  one  year  in  Providence,  entered  .lellersoii  Med 
ical  College  in  I860,  and  graduated  M.I),  in  March, 
1 802. 

During  several  years  of  the  war.  as  Assistant- 
Surgeon,  U.S.A.,  Dr.  Keen  discharged  duties  be 
longing  to  his  office  both  on  the  battle-fields  and  in 
the  general  hospitals  with  great  success.  Resigning 
from  the  service  in  1804,  he  went  abroad  and  pur 
sued  his  studies  in  Paris,  Berlin,  and  Vienna.  In 
1866  he  settled  in  private  practice  in  Philadelphia. 


where  he  has  remained,  chiefly  devoting  himself  to 
anatomy  and  surgery,  and  has  attained  an  enviable 
reputation  for  skill  and  ability  in  his  profession. 
l>ec.  1  I.  1807,  he  married  E.  Corinna,  daughter  of 
•Jefferson  Borden,  of  Fall  River,  Mass. 

As  a  medical  teacher,  especially  of  anatomy,  and 
as  an  author,  Dr.  Keen  is  widely  known  through 
out  this  and  other  countries.  He  was  appointed 
Lecturer  on  Pathological  Anatomy  in  the  .Jefferson 
College  from  1 800  to  1875.  During  the  same  period 
he  occupied  the  chair  of  Anatomy  and  Operative 
Surgery  in  the  Philadelphia  School  of  Anatomy,  in 
which  institution  he  gathered  the  largest  private 
anatomical  class  ever  assembled  in  this  country.  In 
1870  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Artistic  An 
atomy  in  the  Pennsylvania  Academy  of  Fine  Arts, 
and  in  1878  was  made  Lecturer  on  the  Anatomy 
of  Animal  Forms  as  applied  to  Decorative  and  In 
dustrial  Art  in  the  schools  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Museum.  He  has  also  for  five  years  been  special 
Lecturer  on  Clinical  Anatomy  in  the  Woman's 
Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania. 

Dr.  Keen  has  made  extensive  contributions  to 
medical  literature.  Among  his  principal  works  are 
'•  Gunshot  Wounds,  and  other  Injuries  of  Nerves," 
1804:  "Reflex  Paralysis."  1804  (both  with  col 
leagues):  "Clinical  Charts  of  the  Human  Body," 
1872:  editor  of  the  "American  Health  Primers, 
vols.  i.-xii.,"  by  various  authors;  Heath's  "Prac 
tical  Anatomy,"  1870:  Flower's  "Diagrams  of  the 
Nerves."  1872.  In  1870  he  delivered  the  fifth 
Toner  Lecture  before  the  Smithsonian  Institution 
on  the  "Surgical  Complications  and  Sequels  of  the 
Continued  Fevers."  lie  has  published  also  inter 
esting  lectures  on  the  "History  of  Practical  Anat 
omy,"  1870;  the  "History  of  the  Philadelphia 
School  of  Anatomy,"  1875  :  and  on  "  Medical  Mis 
sionary  Work  in  Japan,"  1878.  In  addition  to 
these  he  has  contributed  a  large  number  of  articles 
to  journals  and  reviews. 

His  activities  are  bv  no  means  confined  to  his 
professional  sphere.  As  a  manager  of  the  Ameri 
can  Baptist  Publication  Society,  a  trustee  of  Crozer 
Theological  Seminary  and  of  Brown  University, 
and  as  a  deacon  and  trustee  of  the  First  Baptist 
church  of  Philadelphia.  Dr.  Keen  gives  a  practical 
illustration  of  the  vast  influence  that  may  be  exerted 
by  men  who,  while  serving  suffering  humanity, 
are  led  by  the  teachings  of  Jesus. 

Keith,  Hon.  George  H.,  was  born  in  Randolph, 
Orange  Co.,  Vt.,  May  4,  1825.  lie  is  of  Scotch  de 
scent.  His  ancestors  came  to  this  country  early  in 
the  seventeenth  century.  He  received  his  elemen 
tary  education  at  the  public  school  in  his  native 
town.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  entered  the  Kimball 
Union  Academy  at  Meriden,  N.  II.  Here  he  de 
voted  four  years  to  study  and  teaching.  lie  then 
received  the  appointment  of  superintendent  of  the 


043 


KKLLKY 


primary  department  of  Franklin  College,  Iiul. 
After  holding  this  position  one  year  he  commenced 
the  study  of  medicine,  and  graduated  from  the 
medical  college  at  Woodstock,  Vt.,  in  1852.  In 
1855  he  came  to  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  where  he  now 
resides.  lie  was  elected  to  the  first  Legislature 
of  Minnesota  in  ]X~)<X  and  iSfjl).  In  1802  he  was 
appointed  surgeon  of  the  expedition  sent  to  relieve 
Fort  Abercrornbie.  In  1803  he  was  appointed  pro 
vost  marshal  for  the  second  district  of  Minnesota, 
which  position  he  filled  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
In  May,  1871,  he  was  commissioned  by  President 
Grant  postmaster  of  Minneapolis,  which  office  he 
vet  honorably  fills. 


HON.   GKORliE     II.    KKITII. 

He  was  converted  in  October.  1838.  and  applied 
for  membership  in  the  Free-Will  'Baptist  church, 
of  which  his  parents  were  members.  His  experi 
ence  was  satisfactory,  but  the  pastor  and  church 
thought  him  too  young  to  make;  a  profession  of  re 
ligion,  and  advised  him  to  wait  six  months.  At 
the  end  of  that  time  he  was  baptized  and  received 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  church.  In  1840  he 
united  with  the  First  Baptist  church  in  Indianapo 
lis,  Ind.,  Rev.  T.  11.  Crossey  pastor.  He  has  ever 
been  an  earnest  worker  in  all  departments  of  Chris 
tian  labor.  He  was  the  first  president  of  the  Min 
nesota  Baptist  State  Convention,  and  has  been  a 
continuous  member  of  its  board  of  trustees,  except 
when  absent  during  the  war.  He  was  active  in 
the  establishment  of  the  Minnesota  Academy  at 
Owatouna. 

Keithian  Quaker  Baptists.— In  the  early  his 


tory  of  William  Penn's  colony  a  serious  contro 
versy  broke  out  among  the  Quakers  about  "  the 
sufficiency  of  what  every  man  naturally  has  within 
himself  for  the  purpose  of  his  own  salvation.'' 
Some  denied  this  sufficiency,  and,  as  a  conse 
quence,  exalted  Christ  and  the  Scriptures  more 
than  Barclay  had  done.  George  Keith,  an  impetu 
ous  and  talented  Scotchman,  was  the  leader  in  re 
sisting  Quaker  orthodoxy.  The  dispute  was  carried 
on  with  much  bitterness,  and  in  1091  it  led  to  a  di 
vision  and  the  establishment  of  separate  meetings 
in  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey.  Keith  and  his 
friends  published  a  confession  of  their  faith,  and 
other  works  in  favor  of  their  views,  and  in  denun 
ciation  of  "  the  slanders,  fines,  imprisonments,  and 
other  persecutions  which  they  endured  from  their 
brethren."  Keith  soon  turned  Episcopalian  ;  others 
were  reconciled  to  their  brethren  ;  and  many  be 
came  Baptists,  Seventh-Day  and  Regular.  Accord 
ing  to  Morgan  Edwards,  the  Keithian  Quakers 
started  the  Seventh-Day  Baptist  denomination  in 
Pennsylvania.  The  Regular  Baptists  obtained  val 
uable  accessions  from  the  Keithians  in  Philadel 
phia,  Lower  Dublin,  Southampton,  and  Upper  Prov 
idence.  They  were  called  Quaker  Baptists  because 
they  retained  the  language,  dress,  and  manners  of 
the  Quakers. 

Kellar,  Rev.  William,  an  eminent  pioneer 
Baptist  minister,  of  German  extraction,  was  born 
in  Shenandoah  Co.,  Va,,  in  1708.  His  early  life 
was  spent  in  East  Tennessee,  and  afterwards  in 
what  is  now  Oldham  Co..  Ky.  lie  was  instru 
mental  in  forming  Harrod's  Creek  church  in  1797, 
Eighteen-Mile  church  in  1800,  and  Lick  Branch 
(now  Lagrange)  church  in  1802.  In  1803,  Long 
Run  Association  was  constituted,  of  which  he  was 
chosen  moderator,  and  filled  that  oflice  four  years. 
In  IS  12  he  raised  a  company  of  volunteers,  of 
which  he  was  commissioned  captain.  At  the  close 
of  the  war  he  resumed  his  pastorates,  and  labored 
diligently. in  his  profession.  He  was  greatly  be 
loved  by  the  people,  and  led  many  souls  to  Christ. 
He  died  Oct.  0,  IS  17. 

Kelley,  Rev.  Edwin  D.,  was  born  in  North  Clar 
endon,  Vt..  -June  18,  1840,  pursued  his  preparatory 
studies  at  Rutland.  Vt  ,  and  graduated  at  the  Uni 
versity  of  Michigan  in  1800.  After  teaching  a  while 
in  Granville,  ()..  he  entered  Newton  Theological  In 
stitution,  and  graduated  in  June,  1871.  He  was 
appointed  a  missionary  to  the  Shans.  and  reached 
Toungoo  Feb.  20.  1872.  He  had  so  far -made  him 
self  familiar  with  the  language,  that  he  was  able 
to  teach  and  to  preach  in  it  in  less  than  one  year, 
which  was  all  the  time  that  he  had  to  devote  to  his 
missionary  work.  lie  was  drowned  in  Shanland, 
Jan.  1,  1873.  The  editor  of  the  Mixsionaiij  Maga 
zine  says  of  him  :  "  Mr.  Kelley  was  a  good  scholar, 
and  possessed  a  remarkable  aptness  for  the  acqui- 


A'KLL/S 


KKLTON 


sition  of  languages.  He  was  iilso  a  well  educated 
theologian,  and  a  devout  and  earnest  Christian. 
lie  was  modest  and  firm  in  following  his  convic 
tions,  a  man  of  sound  and  discriminating  views  of 
truth,  and  of  much  promise  us  a  missionary." 

Kellis,  Rev.  Lewis  C.,  an  active  and  efficient 
minister,  who  resides  at  Monroe,  La.,  but  supplies 
the  churches  at  Bastrop,  Oak  Ridge,  Delhi,  and 
Wynn  Island,  situated  between  the  Ouachita  and 
Bayou  M;u:on  Rivers;  was  born  in  Mississippi; 
educated  at  Summerville  Institute  and  Mississippi 
College,  lie  removed  to  Louisiana,  in  1  S74.  and 
became  pastor  at  Alto.  In  the  fall  of  the  same 
year  he  became  pastor  at  Trenton  and  Delhi.  Mr. 
Kellis  has  been  successful  in  his  work.  He  is 
a  ready  writer,  and  has  contributed  largely  to  the 
Baptist  papers  of  Mississippi  and  Louisiana,  lie 
is  about  thirty  years  of  age. 

Kelly,  Robert,  son  of  Robert  Kelly,  an  Irish 
patriot,  who  in  17%  emigrated  to  New  York,  was 
born  in  the  city  of  New  York,  Dec.  15,  1808.  From 
early  youth  Robert  Kelly  was  inclined  to  study,  lie 
was  diligent,  pure-minded,  and  honorable.  lie  en 
tered  Columbia  College  the  first  of  his  class,  and 
maintained  that  position  to  his  graduation  in  1S26. 
In  mercantile  life  he  was  distinguished  by  indus 
try  and  energy.  His  integrity  and  sense  of  honor 
were  utterly  beyond  the  reach  of  temptation.  He 
learned  the  French,  Spanish,  Italian,  German,  and 
Hebrew  languages.  On  retiring  from  business  he 
followed  this  bent  of  his  mind,  and  remained  to 
the  end  of  life  a  student.  Naturally,  he  became  a 
leader  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  higher  educa 
tion.  He  was  conspicuous  in  the  organization  of 
the  institution  now  known  as  the  College  of  the 
City  of  New  Y^ork. 

For  many  years  he  was  a  trustee  of  the  University 
of  New  York,  and  also  of  Madison  and  Rochester 
Universities,  which  institutions  are  largely  indebted 
to  his  generosity,  his  judgment  and  labors.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  which  organized  the 
course  of  study  in  the  University  at  Rochester.  His 
services  in  education  were  recognized  by  his  election 
as  one  of  the  regents  of  the  University  of  the  State 
of  New  York.  In  the  House  of  Refuge  and  in  the 
Institution  for  the  Benefit  of  Merchants'  Clerks  he 
took  a  leading  part.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  New 
York  Society  Library.  There  was  scarcely  a  form 
of  public  activity  in  the  city,  whether  financial, 
fiduciary,  charitable,  commercial,  or  literary,  in 
which,  in  some  way,  he  did  not  bear  a  prominent 
part. 

Without  political  office,  except  that  of  city  cham 
berlain,  he  was  fitted  to  adorn  any  civic  station, 
and,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  at  the  height  of  his 
powers,  he  was  without  question  one  of  the  very 
foremost  citizens  of  New  York.  He  never  made  a 


public  profession  of  religion,  but  was  a  Christian 
man,  a  Baptist  by  conviction,  and  a  devoted  at 
tendant  on  the  ministry  of  Win.  R.  Williams, 
D.D.,  his  lifelong  friend.  lie  died  in  New  York 
City,  April  27,  IS.".!!. 

Kelly,  Hon.  William,  son  of  Robert  Kelly,  an 
Irish  patriot  who  fled  from  his  native  land  in  1796 
to  find  liberty  in  the  New  World,  was  born  in  the 
city  of  New  York,  Feb.  4.  1807.  His  father  be 
came  a  very  prosperous  merchant,  and  died  in 
1825,  leaving  three  sons,  John,  William,  and  Rob 
ert.  They  continued  his  business  for  several  years 
with  great  success.  In  1836  John  died,  and  in 
1837  William  and  Robert  retired,  each  .with  an 
ample  competence.  In  all  their  arduous  business 
davs  the  brothers  maintained  a  love  for  literature, 
refinement,  and  the  high  moral  and  religious  tone 
for  which  their  early  home  had  been  so  long  con 
spicuous.  In  1842,  William  purchased  a  property 
on  the  Hudson,  near  Rhinebeck,  which  he  made 
his  permanent  residence,  and  which  his  energy 
and  taste  invested  with  every  attraction.  For  two 
years  he  was  a  member  of  the  senate  of  the  State 
of  New  York,  and  he  was  a  candidate  for  governor 
against  Edward  I).  Morgan,  his  successful  competi 
tor.  Mr.  Kelly  was  a  man  of  large  heart,  and 
constantly,  though  silently,  dispensed  his  gifts  and 
charities.  He  was  trustee  at  the  beginning,  and 
for  some  years  after,  of  Cornell  University,  the 
mathematical  portion  of  which  bears  his  name  in 
acknowledgment  of  a  generous  donation.  lie  was 
also  a  trustee  of  Vassar  College  and  of  Rochester 
University  at  the  time  of  his  death,  of  the  first 
from  its  inception,  and  of  the  last  from  the  death 
of  his  brother  Robert,  whose  vacant  seat  he  was 
called  to  fill.  He  was  a  liberal  contributor  to 
Rochester,  a  final  subscription  of  820,000  being 
made  not  long  before  his  decease.  He  was  a  mem 
ber  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Rhinebeck.  where  his 
widow  still  resides.  He  died  in  Torquay,  England, 
whither  he  had  gone  in  hope  of  restoration  to  health, 
Jan.  14,  1872. 

Kelton,  Rev.  William  H.,  was  born  in  1835 ; 
entered  the  New  Hampton  Institution  in  1855, 
having  previously  spent  some  time  in  the  Bangor 
Theological  Seminary,  and  graduated  in  1858.  He 
was  ordained,  soon  after  his  graduation,  as  pastor 
of  the  church  at  Bluehill,  Me.,  and  subsequently 
was  pastor  for  a  time  at  West  Waterville,  Me. 
His  health  was  broken  down  in  consequence  of  his 
hard  experience  in  the  army  as  a  worker,  sent  to 
the  seat  of  war  by  the  Christian  Commission,  and 
he  did  not  attempt  ministerial  labor  until  1865, 
when  he  took  charge  of  the  church  in  North 
Scituate,  Mass.  Here  he  did  excellent  service  for 
the  cause  of  Christ  until  the  Master  called  him  to 
his  reward.  He  died  April  4,  1871.  He  was  very 
greatly  beloved  by  a  Large  circle  of  friends,  who 


r,45 


KENDALL 


sincerely  mourned  over  what  to  them  seemed  his 
untimely  end. 

Kemper,  Rev.  Burdette,  a  popular  and  useful 

minister  of  Garrard  (Jo.,  Ky.,  where  he  was  born 
Feb.  24,  1788,  was  of  German  extraction.  lie  was 
converted,  and  became  a  member  of  Forks  of  Dix 
River  church  in  1X30,  and  at  the  age  of  forty-five 
was  ordained  to  the  ministry.  He  was  immediately 
associated  with  John  S.  lliggins  in  ministering  to 
the  church  of  which  he  was  a  member.  On  the 
resignation  of  Mr.  Higgins,  in  1X39,  Mr.  Kemper 
became  the  pastor,  and  under  his  ministry  the 
church  greatly  prospered  and  increased  in  num 
bers,  until  it  embraced  a  membership  of  more  than 
50(1.  Besides  performing  his  pastoral  labors,  Mr. 
Kemper  preached  to  several  of  the  churches  of 
South  District  Association,  of  which  he  was  mod 
erator  twenty-five  years,  lie  died  March  18,  1876. 
Kempton,  George,  D.D.,  was  born  in  South 
Carolina  in  1810.  lie  graduated  from  Hamilton 
Literary  and  Theological  Institution  in  1839. 
After  preaching  a  few  years  in  the  South  he  be 
came  pastor  of  Spruce  Street  church,  Philadelphia, 
and  remained  for  eight  years.  He  also  had  charge 
of  the  Lower  Dublin  church,  in  Philadelphia,  for 
five  years.  He  presided  over  the  First  church  in 
Xew  Brunswick,  X.  J.,  for  five  years.  From  a 
partial  failure  of  health,  in  1863  he  located  in 
Hammonton,  N.  J.,  and  has  preached  for  the 
church  there  with  great  acceptance.  In  1859  Mad 
ison  University  gave  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  He 
is  a  sound  theologian  and  a  logical  preacher. 

Kempton,  Rev.  S.  Bradford,  A.M.,  was  born 
in  November,  1X34,  at  Milton,  Queens  County, 
Nova  Scotia;  converted  and  baptized  there  in 
1X53;  graduated  from  Acadia  College  in  1862; 
ordained  pastor  at  New  Minas,  Sept.  16,  1863; 
took  charge  of  the  First  Cornwallis  church  in  1X6X, 
being  the  third  minister  that  has  held  that  position 
since  1X08;  sound  theologian,  good  preacher,  and 
pastor. 

Kendall,  Hon.  AmOS,  was  born  near  Woburn, 
Mass.,  Aug.  16,  17X9.  liy  great  self-denial  and 
perseverance  he  prepared  for  college,  and  entered 
Dartmouth  in  the  spring  of  1808,  from  which  he 
graduated  with  distinction.  After  leaving  college 
he  entered  the  law-office  of  W.  M.  Ilichardson,  at 
Groton,  Mass.,  but,  encountering  numerous  perplex 
ing  difficulties,  he  made  preparations  for  leaving 
New  England.  Accordingly  he  removed  to  Ken 
tucky,  and  engaged  as  tutor  in  the  family  of  Henry 
(May,  then  residing  near  Lexington.  After  contin 
uing  in  this  position  for  a  few  months,  he  became 
editor  of  a  newspaper  in  Georgetown,  and  at  the 
same  time  opened  a  law-office  there.  In  1X16  he 
became  co-editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Art/us,  a  jour 
nal  published  at  Frankfort.  He  held  this  position 
for  several  years,  and  became  one  of  the  most  influ 


ential  writers  on  local  and  State  politics  in  Ken 
tucky.  In  1X26  he  was  appointed  fourth  auditor  of 
the  treasury  by  President  Jackson,  and  in  conse 
quence  removed  to  Washington.  This  position  he 
filled  with  great  advantage  to  the  government  and 
honor  to  himself  for  five  years,  when,  through  his 
great  executive  ability,  and  the  vigorous  aid  which 
he  gave  to  the  administration,  he  was  appointed,  in 
1835,  postmaster-general.  The  energy  with  which 
he  carried  on  this  important  department  of  the 
government  was  soon  evident,  but  the  fidelity  with 
which  he  managed  its  affairs  subjected  him  to  some 
vexatious  and  damaging  prosecutions  at  the  hands 
of  his  enemies.  In  1840,  in  consequence  of  im 
paired  health,  he  sent  to  the  President  his  resigna 
tion  from  the  office,  and  was  thus  relieved  of  the 


HOX.    AMOS    KENDALL. 

great  burden.  Mr.  Kendall  while  residing  in 
Washington  was  connected  with  several  different 
daily  journals,  in  which  many  of  the  absorbing 
questions  of  the  day  were  discussed  with  much 
pungency  and  power,  lie  became  interested  at  a 
very  early  day  in  Prof.  Morse's  telegraph  opera 
tions,  and  by  his  business  energy  and  tact  gave  a 
great  impetus  to  the  movement.  In  1857  he  gave 
a  house  and  two  acres  of  land,  near  the  boundary- 
line  of  the  city  of  Washington,  for  an  institution 
for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  which,  under  the  judicious 
guidance  of  its  superintendent,  Edward  M.  Gallau- 
det,  LL.D.,  and  the  generous  appropriations  of  the 
United  States  government,  has  become  the  only  col- 
leo-e  in  the  world  with  a  regular  and  full  curriculum 

O  c? 

for  deaf  mutes. 


KENDRICK 


646 


KEXDRK'K 


Mr.  Kendall,  although  indulging  the  thought  that 
he  had  been  converted  early  in  life,  was  not  bap 
tized  until  April,  18(15,  the  ceremony  taking  place  in 
the  E  Street  church  ;  he  became  a  member,  how- 
even-,  of  the  Calvary  Baptist  church,  whose  pastor 
at  the  time  was  the  Rev.  •).  S.  Kennard.  lie  took 
a  deep  interest  in  securing  a  church  edifice  for  the 
society  with  which  he  became  thus  connected,  and 
contributed  for  the  purpose;  nearly  $100,000.  On 
the  3d  of -June,  I860,  the  new  house  was  dedicated, 
and  the  church  entered  at  once  on  a  most  prosperous 
career.  In  June  of  1866,  feeling  the  need  of  rest 
and  recreation,  Mr.  Kendall  visited  Kurope,  being 
absent  about  fifteen  months.  On  Sunday  morning, 
Oct.  15,  1867,  the  beautiful  edifice  of  the  Calvary 
chureh  was  destroyed  by  fire,  nothing  being  left 
but  the  blackened  walls.  Encouraged  by  Mr. 
Kendall,  a  ne>w  structure  was  Moem  reared,  towards 
the  cost  of  which  (the  insurance  money  received 
being  $80,000)  he  gave  upwards  of  $15,OOO.  This 
new  building  was  deelicated  July  11,  18(19.  He 
gave  to  the  Columbian  College,  of  which  he;  was  al 
ways  a  stanch  frienel  and  counselor,  $0000,  to 
purchase  a  classical  scholarship,  which  should  be 
enjeryeel  during  six  years  by  the  best-prepared  pupil 
in  any  one  of  the  public  schools  of  Washington.  He 
also  endoweel  two  mission  Sunday-schools,  his 
contributions  to  them  amounting  in  all  to  about 
$25,000.  He  died  in  Washington,  Nov.  12,  1869. 

Kendrick,  Adin  A.,  D.D.,  the  present  president 
of  Shurtleff  College,  was  born  at  Ticonderoga, 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  7,  1836.  He  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Albert 
Kendrick.  Dr.  Kendrick  is  of  the  family  to  which 
have  belonged  several  eminent  men  of  that  name, 
including  Adin  Kendrick.  M.D.,  of  Poultney,  Vt., 
his  grandfather ;  Rev.  Ariel  Kendrick,  of  New 
Hampshire;  Rev.  Nathaniel  Kendrick,  D.D.,  the 
first  president  of  what  is  now  Madison  University, 
and  e>ne  of  its  founders;  and  Rev.  Clark  Kendrick, 
of  Vermont;  with  whom  may  be  included,  as  still 
living,  Prof.  A.  C.  Kendrick,  D.D.,  of  the  Univer 
sity  of  Rochester,  and  the  Rev.  J.  R.  Kendrick, 
D.D.,  of  Poughkeepsie. 

President  Kendrick  received  his  education  at 
Granville  Academy,  in  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  at 
Middlebury  College,  Vt.,  and  at  the  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary.  Upon  leaving  college,  arid 
before  commencing  his  theological  course,  he  studied 
law,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  practising  that 
profession  at  Janesville,  Wis.,  and  afterward  for  a 
short  time  at  St.  Louis.  Deciding  to  study  for  the 
ministry,  he  went  to  Rochester  for  his  theological 
course,  graduating  there  in  1861.  His  first  pastor 
ate  was  in  Chicago,  where  he  served  in  that 
capacity  the  North  Baptist  church  until  1865, 
when  he  returned  to  St.  Louis  as  assistant  pastor 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church,  Rev.  Galusha  Ander 
son  being  the  senior  pastor.  After  a  year  and  a 


half  he  became  pastor  of  the  Beaumont  Street 
church.  In  1872  he  was  chosen  president  of  Shurt 
leff  College. 

Although  comparatively  a  young  man,  Dr. 
Kendrick  discharges  the  eluties  of  his  present 
responsible  post  with  marked  efficiency  and  suc 
cess.  With  unusual  gifts  of  attrae-tive  public  ad 
dress  he-  combines  studious  habits,  a  special  taste 
for  the  high  themies  which  belong  to  his  chair  as 
instructor,  and  qualities  as  a  teaeiher  and  disci- 


ADIN    A.   KENDRICK,    D.I). 

plinarian  which  give  him  every  year  a  stronger 
hold  upon  his  work  and  upon  those  under  his  care. 
The  college  has  never  prospered  more  than  under 
his  administration  ;  year  by  year  it  is  taking  higher 
rank  upon  the  roll  of  American  colleges.  Dr. 
Kendrick  is  always  cordially  received  on  the  vari 
ous  public  occasions,  in  his  own  State  and  else 
where,  when  service  is  required  of  him,  and  invari 
ably  acquits  himself  in  a  way  which  commands  the 
respect  of  all. 

Kendrick,  Albert,  M.D.,  of  Waukesha,  Wis..  is 
a  native  of  Vermont,  and  a  son  of  Adin  Kendrick, 
a  prominent  physician  of  Poultney,  where  the  sub 
ject  of  this  sketch  was  born  Aug.  1,  1813.  At  the 
age  of  seven  years  Albert  had  his  right  hand 
nearly  severed  from  the  arm,  disabling  him  ever 
afterward  for  all  kinds  of  manual  labor.  He  was 
therefore  kept  at  school  through  the  early  years  of 
his  life.  He  studied  at  Hamilton  Literary  Insti 
tution  (now  Madison  University).  He  graduated 
from  the  medical  school  in  Woodstock,  Vt.,  when 
twenty  years  of  age.  lie  commenced  the  practice 


KKNDRICK 


K  END  RICK 


of  his  profession  in  Poultney,  Vt.,  where  he  resided 
three  years.  Subsequently  he  removed  to  Ticon- 
deroga,  N.  Y.,  and  remained  three  years.  He  then 
settled  in  Granville,  X.  Y.,  and  practised  medicine 
for  sixteen  years,  and  in  -June,  1855,  he  located  in 
Waukesha,Wis.,  which  has  since  been  his  home. 

Dr.  Kendrick  is  a  man  of  fine  standing  in  his 
profession,  and  thoroughly  conscientious.  He  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Baptist  Church  since  he 
was  sixteen  years  of  age.  He  is  a  nephew  of  Na 
thaniel  Kendrick,  D.D.,  once  president  of  Mad 
ison  University,  a  cousin  of  A.  C.  Kendrick,  D.D., 
the  eminent  Professor  of  Greek  in  the  University 
of  Rochester,  and  the  father  of  A.  A.  Kendrick, 
D.D.,  the  president  of  Shurtleff  College,  at  Upper 
Alton,  111. 

In  the  Baptist  church  at  Waukesha  he  is  a 
trusted  pillar.  In  the  denomination  of  the  State 
he  is  highly  esteemed  for  his  wise  counsels  and  in 
telligent  views.  He  is  a  liberal  contributor  to  the 
religious  and  benevolent  work  of  his  denomina 
tion. 

Kendrick,  AsahelC.,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  was  born  in 

Poultney,  Vt.,  Dec.  7,  1809.  When  thirteen  years 
of  age  he  went  to  Hamilton.  X.  Y.,  wliere  his  uncle, 
Nathaniel  Kendrick,  D.D.,  held  the  presidency  of 
Hamilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution. 
lie  pursued  a  course  of  study  to  prepare  himself 
for  college.  lie  entered  the  junior  class  of  Hamil 
ton  College,  at  Clinton,  N.  Y.  At  the  end  of  one 
year  he  returned  to  Hamilton,  and  was  employed 
as  teacher  in  the  village  academy.  He  then  re- 
entered  Hamilton  College,  and  was  graduated  in 
1831.  He  was  appointed  tutor  in  the  literary  and 
theological  seminary  at  Hamilton  (now  Madison) 
University,  and  the  next  year  he  was  elected  Pro 
fessor  of  Greek  and  Latin.  Relieved  after  a  few 
years  of  the  Latin  department,  he  held  the  Greek 
chair  until  1850,  when,  on  the  establishment  of  the 
University  of  Rochester,  he  accepted  the  Greek  pro 
fessorship  in  that  institution,  which  he  still  con 
tinues  to  fill.  In  1852  he  went  to  Europe,  perfect 
ing  his  knowledge  of  Greek  in  the  University  of 
Athens.  He  also  visited  several  Italian  and  Ger 
man  universities,  studying  the  educational  methods 
of  those  celebrated  centres  of  learning.  After  two 
years  he  returned  to  his  duties  at  Rochester.  While 
he  is  an  admitted  authority  in  Greek,  he  is  not 
lacking  in  other  languages,  ancient  and  modern. 
For  many  years  lie  has  been  employed  in  the  re 
vision  of  the  New  Testament.  He  is  the  author  of 
several  Greek  text-books.  He  brought  out  a  re 
vised  edition  of  Olshausen's  "Commentary  on  the 
New  Testament."  He  is  also  the  author  of  a  me 
moir  of  Mrs.  Emily  C.  Judson,  wife  of  Dr.  Judson, 
the  missionary.  His  poetic  talent  was  shown  wrhen 
a  mere  lad  by  anonymous  contributions  to  the  vil 
lage  papers  of  Hamilton,  which  created  consider 


able  discussion  among  the  students  and  people  as 
to  their  authorship.  In  later  years  he  has  brought 
out  a  volume  of  poems  entitled  "Echoes,"'  some 
of  which  were  greatly  admired  in  literary  circles. 
As  a  teacher  of  the  Greek  language  he  has  no  supe 
rior  in  America,  lie  has  made  that  a  specialty. 
He  has  never  been  a  pastor,  but  he  has  often,  to  the 
great  satisfaction  of  the  churches,  supplied  the  pul 
pits  of  pastors.  His  profound  learning,  especially 
in  the  field  of  New  Testament  exegesis,  gives  his 
discourses  a  value  and  a  public  interest  rarely 
found  in  sermons. 

Kendrick,  Rev.  Clark,  was  born  in  Hanover, 
N.  II.,  Oct.  C),  1775.  The  death  of  his  father  was 
the  occasion  which  led  to  his  removal  to  Vermont, 
in  which  State  most  of  his  life  was  spent  in  con 
stant  efforts  to  advance  the  Redeemer's  kingdom. 
His  conversion  took  place  in  1797.  He  seems  at 
once  to  have  been  impressed  with  the  conviction  that 
it  was  his  duty  to  prepare  himself  for  the  Christian 
ministry.  Although  at  first  shrinking  from  as 
suming  the  responsibilities  of  the  sacred  office,  he 
concluded,  after  much  struggle,  to  obey  what  he 
regarded  as  a  divine  call,  and,  with  such  prepara 
tion  for  the  work  as  he  could  obtain,  he  entered 
upon  his  ministerial  labors,  and  was  ordained 
April  20,  1802,  at  Poultney,  Vt.  Revivals  of  re 
ligion  followed  his  preaching,  one  of  which,  that 
in  1816,  resulted  in  an  addition  of  more  than  100 
persons  to  his  church. 

Mr.  Kendrick  possessed  in  an  eminent  degree 
the  missionary  spirit.  The  religious  destitution  of 
his  adopted  State  deeply  touched  his  sympathies. 
He  made  tours  to  different  sections  of  Vermont,  the 
northern  parts  of  New  York  and  Canada,  and  la 
bored  most  zealously  to  give  the  gospel  to  multi 
tudes  who  were  deprived  almost  wholly  of  the 
means  of  grace.  His  interest  in  missions  extended 
to  heathen  lands,  and  he  was  among  the  most  effi 
cient  agents  in  giving  momentum  to  the  efforts  of 
the  Baptist  churches — aroused  to  new  life  by  the 
stirring  appeals  of  Luther  Rice — to  carry  the  news 
of  salvation  to  the  dark  corners  of  the  earth.  Min 
isterial  education  also  was  another  cause  which  en 
listed  his  zeal  and  called  forth  his  earnest  efforts. 
The  Vermont  Baptist  Education  Society  was  formed 
mainly  through  his  instrumentality,  and  he  was 
chosen  its  president,  and  became  its  agent  to  visit 
the  churches.  To  provide  an  educational  home  for 
these  young  men,  the  Baptists  in  Vermont  pro 
posed  to  start  an  institution  of  learning  having 
special  reference  to  the  training  of  indigent  stu 
dents  to  become  preachers  of  the  gospel.  The  Bap 
tists  of  the  central  and  western  districts  of  the  State 
of  New  York  had  a  similar  plan  in  their  minds. 
It  was  decided  at  length  to  unite  efforts  and  estab 
lish  the  desired  institution  in  some  locality  that 
would  be  convenient  to  all  the  parties  concerned. 


KKXDRICK 


048 


KEKDRICK 


Tliis  locality  was  Iliiinilton,  N.  Y.,  the  seat  of  the 
now  flourishing  Madison  University.  Mr.  Ken- 
drick  was  selected  as  :in  agent  to  solicit  funds  for 
tlie  new  institution,  and  for  the  remainder  of  his 
life  devoted  himself  with  great  singleness  of  pur 
pose  to  this  work,  and  to  him  the  infant  seminary 
owed  a  debt  of  gratitude  larger  than  it  could  ever 
repay. 

Thus  it  was  that  the  life  of  Mr.  Kendriek  was 
filled  with  deeds  of  Christian  benevolence  and  un 
wearied  activity  in  the  cause  of  his  Master,  lit;  was 
a  recognized  power  in  his  State,  greatly  honored 
and  respected  wherever  he  was  known.  Middle- 
bury  College  conferred  on  him  the  honorary  degree 
of  Master  of  Arts  in  ISl'j.  His  death  occurred 
Feb.  21),  1824.  The  loss  of  the  denomination  bv 
this  premature  cutting  down  of  one  of  its  strongest 
pillars  was  very  great.  It  was  not  easy  to  supply 
the  vacancy  thus  made.  It  is  pleasant  to  know  that 
the  mantle  of  the  father  fell  on  sons  who  have  risen 
up  to  render  honor  to  their  beloved  parent.  The 
influence  which  he  so  widely  exerted  has  been  ex 
tended  in  many  directions  by  those  who  bear  his 
venerated  name  and  inherit  the  virtues  which 
shone  so  brightly  in  his  character. 

Kendriek,    James    Ryland,    D.D.,   youngest 

child  of  Rev.  Clark  and  Esther  Thomson  Kendriek, 
was  born  in  Poultney,  Vt.,  April  21,  JSlM.  lie 
pursued  his  early  studies  at  Hamilton  Seminary, 
N.  Y..  where;  he  made  a  profession  of  religion  and 
joined  the  church,  February,  1837.  lie  entered  the 
•  Junior  class  of  Brown  University  in  September, 
|s;;s,  and  graduated  with  the  "  classical  oration" 
in  1840.  In  the  latter  part  of  the  same  year  he 
removed  to  the  State  of  Georgia,  where  he  taught 
school  for  two  years,  having  been  licensed  and  or 
dained  at  Forsyth  in  the  autumn  of  1842.  In  the 
spring  of  1843  he  entered  on  his  first  pastorate  in 
Maeon.  Ga.  After  a  ministry  of  nearly  five  years 
in  Miicon,  Dr.  Kendriek  was  called,  in  1847,  to 
the  First  Baptist  church  in  Charleston,  S.  C., 
where  he  remained  for  nearly  seven  years.  lie 
left  this  position  to  accompany  a  little  colony  of 
Baptists  who  established  what  is  now  known  as  the 
"Citadel  Square  church,"  of  Charleston,  and  who 
built  what  is  probably  the  best  Baptist  house  of 
worship  south  of  the  Potomac.  The  civil  war 
having  straitened  his  flock,  he  retired  from  this  field 
in  May,  1862,  after  a  pastorate  of  nearly  eight 
years.  During  the  further  continuance  of  the  war 
he  preached  for  the  Baptist  church  in  Madison,  Ga. 
At  the  close  of  the  great  struggle  his  Union  senti 
ments  led  him  North,  and  he  settled  with  the 
Tabernacle  Baptist  church,  New  York  City,  in 
November,  1865,  where  he  remained  nearly  seven 
years.  In  September,  1873,  he  became  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Poughkeepsie,  where  he  still  labors, 
bavins  secured  the  building  of  a  fine  and  commo 


dious  house  of  worship.  He  has  no  living  children. 
The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on 
him  by  Rochester  University  in  1866.  He  was  for 
some  time  associate  editor  of  the  Knuthern  Baptist 
newspaper,  published  in  Charleston,  S.  C.  Several 
tracts  from  his  pen  have  been  published,  among 
them  the  following:  "  Responsibility  for  our  Be 
lief,"  "Human  Depravity,"  ''Address  to  Chris 
tians  on  the  Subject  of  Temperance."  lie  has  also 
published  several  sermons  on  a  variety  of  subjects. 
Of  late  years  he  has  been  a  frequent  contributor  to 
the  Hjfd  miner  and  Chronicle,  New  Yrork.  He  is  a 
brother  of  Prof.  A.  C.  Kendriek,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  of 
Rochester  University.  He  is  noble-minded,  gen 
erous,  cordial  in  his  manners,  of  commanding 
presence,  devout  in  spirit,  and  a  good  preacher. 

Kendriek,  Nathaniel,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Han 
over,  N.  II.,  April  22,  1777.  His  parents,  among 
the  first  settlers  of  the  town,  Ay  ere  both  members 
of  the  Congregational  Church.  He  labored  on  the 


NATHANIEL    KENDRICK,   D.D. 

farm  until  he  was  twenty,  and  then,  with  his 
father's  consent,  divided  his  time  between  teaching 
a  school  and  attending  the  academy.  About  this 
period  he  was  converted,  through  a  revival  that  oc 
curred  in  a  small  Baptist  church  ;  but,  not  being 
ready  to  give  up  the  faith  of  his  childhood,  he 
sought  from  both  a  Baptist  and  a  Congregational 
minister  a  statement  of  their  views,  and  their 
reasons  for  holding  them.  Not  satisfied  by  this 
method,  he  resolved  to  examine  the  New  Testament, 
and  after  prosecuting  his  studies  for  nine  months 
he  became  satisfied  that  the  peculiarities  of  the 


KENNARD 

Baptists  were  derived  from  and  supported  by  the 
New  Testament,  and  lie  was  immersed  in  April 
1 798. 

During  the  succeeding  four  years  he  engaged  in 
(arm  labors  and  academic  studies,  uncertain  as  to 
his  permanent  life-work,  feeling  a  strong  disposition 
to  enter  the  ministry,  but  shrinking  from  its  re 
sponsibilities.  Satisfied  at  length  that  it  was  his 
duty  to  preach,  he  spent  some  time  in  studying  with 
Rev.  Mr.  Burroughs,  of  Hanover;  with  Rev.  Dr. 
Asa  Burton,  of  Thetford  ;  with  Dr.  Emmons,  of 
Franklin;  arid  with  Drs.  Stillman  and  Baldwin, 
of  Boston.  By  the  church  of  the  latter  he  was 
licensed  to  preach  in  the  spring  of  1803,  at  the  age 
of  twenty-six. 

He  began  preaching  as  a  supply  at  Bellingham 
Mass.,  where  he  remained  one  year.  Declinin 
their  call,  he  was  ordained  at  Lansingburg.  N.  Y! 
in  August.  1 805.  In  1810  he  settled  at  Middlebury 
A  t.,  dividing  his  time  between  this  and  three  othe 
feeble  churches. 

In  1817  he  settled  with  the  churches  at  Eatoi 
and  Morrisville,  N.  Y.,  resigning  the  latter  in  182< 
to  lecture  in  the  Hamilton  Literary  and  Theologica 
Institution.  In  1821  he  was  elected  Professor  of 
Systematic  and  Pastoral  Theology.  In  1823  re 
ceived  D.D.  from  Brown  University.  In  1824  he 
located  in  Hamilton  Village.  In  1825-37  was  one 
of  the  overseers  of  Hamilton  College,  at  Clinton, 
N.  Y.  In  1836  was  chosen  president  of  the  Ham 
ilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution,  but. 
while  acting  as  such,  did  not  formally  accept  the 
office;  corresponding  secretary  of  Xew  York  Baptist 
Educational  Society  from  1834  to  1848;  died  Feb. 
11.  1848,  after  a  lingering  and  painful  illness  caused 
by  a  fall  in  1845. 

Dr.  Kendrick's  great  work  was  in  the  Hamilton 
Institution.  In  his  manners  he  was  a  dignified 
Christian  gentleman.  His  theology  belonged  to  the 
Edwards  form  of  Calvinism.  As  a  counselor  he 
was  wise  and  safe.  See  also  article  MADISON  UNI 
VERSITY,  and  for  a  complete  sketch  see  "  Nathaniel 
Kendrick"  (American  Baptist  Publication  Society); 
consult  also  "  Sprague's  Annals,"  jubilee  volume 
Madison  University. 

Kennard,  Joseph  Hug-g-,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
Haddonfield,  N.  J.,  April  24,  1798;  baptized  by 
Rev.  Daniel  Dodge,  at  Wilmington,  Del.,  July  3, 
1814 ;  began  to  preach  when  but  seventeen  years 
of  age,  and  attracted  at  once  great  attention  on  ac 
count  of  his  youth  and  fervor  ;  was  licensed  in  Sep 
tember,  1818,  and  in  1819  undertook  an  agency  to 
present  the  claims  of  missions,  under  the  direction 
of  Luther  Rice.  Became  pastor  at  Burlington, 
N.  J.,  Nov.  14,  1819;  at  Hopewell,  N.J.,  January, 
1822;  and  at  Blockley,  Pa.,  in  October,  1823.  In 
1832  took  charge  of  the  New  Market  Street  church, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  six  years.  In 
42 


049 


KENNARD 


1838  went  Avith  a  colony  from  the  New  .Market 
Street  church  to  form  the  Tenth  church,  and  re 
mained  pastor  of  it  until  his  death.  June  24,  1800.— 
a  period  of  twenty-eight  years.  A  natural,  grace 
ful  and  vigorous  style  in  presenting  doctrinal  as 
well  as  practical  truths,  united  with  tenderest 
sympathies,  made  Dr.  Kennard  one  of  the  most 
successful  preachers  of  his  day. 

During  his  ministry  of  nearly  fifty  years  he  was 
the  means  of  the  conversion  of  over  3000  people, 
2500  of  whom  lie  himself  baptized.  No  man  in 
Philadelphia  was  more  sincerely  loved,  or  is  more 
affectionately  remembered.  Nor  was  he  merely  a 
pastor.  All  agencies  for  the  redemption  of  men 
had  his  sympathy  and  support.  In  his  early  life 
he  traveled  much  in  destitute  regions  to  preach 


JOSETII  HUGO  KEN'XARD,  D.D. 

Christ  and  establish  Baptist  churches.  He  was 
-me  of  the  founders  of  the  Pennsylvania  General 
Association,  and  a  life-long  member  of  the  Board 
of  the  Publication  Society.  He  was  among  the  first 
;o  advocate  the  temperance  cause.  In  the  great 
loonday  prayer-meetings  of  1857  he  was  a  most 
conspicuous  leader.  A  number  of  the  Baptist 
churches  of  Philadelphia  owe  their  origin  to  him. 

*  man  was  more  earnest  in  his  advocacy  of 
"oreign  and  homo  missions.  He  sought  in  every 
vay  to  secure  a  first-class  education  for  the  rising 
ninistry. 

Dr.  Kennard  was  married  June  27,  1822,  to 
tfiss  Beulah  E.  Cox,  of  Burlington,  N.  J.,  who 
.ied  June  20,  1862.  He  left  six  children,  five 
aughters  and  a  son,  Rev.  J.  Spencer  Kennard, 


KENTUCK 


D.D.,  \vlio  in  I*1'"  edited  :i  memoir  (if  his  father, 
which  was  issued  by  the  American  Baptist  Pub- 
lication  Society. 

Kennard,  J.  Spencer,  D.D.,  was  IKM-U  in  Phila 
delphia.  Sept.  24,  1S33.  He  was  converted  when 
twelve  years  old:  bapti/.ed  by  his  father,  Rev.  Dr. 
•Jos.  II.  Kennard.  in  April,  1S4<>.  and  united  with 
the  Tenth  Baptist,  church,  Philadelphia. 

Alter  graduating  from  the  Philadelphia  High 
School,  he  entered  the  senior  class  of  Lewisburg 
I'niversitv.  Here  he  consecrated  himself  to  the 
ministry  New  Year's  Eve.  1S.V2.  Graduating  with 
honor,  he  entered  Princeton  Theological  Seminary, 
and,  completing  a  two  years'  course,  accepted  the 
pastorate  of  the  First  Baptist  church  of  Bridgeton. 
X.-J..  October.  1  *.")!'>.  After  three!  years  of  succe>s- 
ful  work  he  became  pastor  of  the  E  Street  church, 
Washington.  D.  C.,  in  1859,  succeeding  Dr.  George 
\\'.  Samson.  The  church  suffered  distraction  during 
the  civil  war,  the  flock  being  scattered  North  and 
South.  The  shepherd  remained  with  his  charge, 
working  in  a  government  clerkship  during  the 
week,  preaching  on  the  Sabbath,  laboring  for  the 
sick  and  wounded  on  the  battlefield;  but  health 
failed,  and  the  Woburn  church,  Mass.,  called  him 
in  1S<>2  to  that  field. 

lie  removed  from  Woburn  to  Albany,  X.  Y., 
after  gathering  a  rich  harvest  of  souls.  In  1865, 
Dr.  Kennard  accepted  the  pastorate  of  the  Calvary 
Baptist  church,  Washington,  D.  C.  The  new  inter 
est  became  a  vigorous  church.  On  the  death  of  his 
father  he  was  called  to  the  Tenth  church,  Philadel 
phia,  in  April,  1867.  After  four  prosperous  years, 
196  converts  having  been  added  to  that  church  by 
baptism,  and  various  mission  enterprises  success 
fully  started,  he  removed  to  New  York,  and  be 
came  pastor  of  the  Pilgrim  church.  Here  300  per 
sons  were  baptized  by  him.  In  1S79  a  call  from 
the  Central  Square  church,  East  Boston,  was  ac 
cepted,  and  he  is  now  the  pastor.  The  doctorate 
was  conferred  on  him  by  Madison  University, 
X.  Y.,  in  IST'J. 

Dr.  Kennard's  literary  labors  have  been  the 
memoir  of  his  father,  many  contributions  to  the 
press,  especially  a  scries  of  articles  on  "  Pulpit  Elo 
quence,"  and  a  work,  in  preparation,  on  the  "  Rela 
tion  of  Oriental  lleligions  to  Christianity." 

During  his  ministry  Dr.  Kennard  has  baptized 
1100  converts. 

Kennedy,  Rev.  W.  M.,  was  born  in  Duplin 

Co.,  X.  C.,  A u 2.  26,  1825  ;  baptized  by  Rev.  Jesse 
llowell.  Feb.  14,  1847;  ordained  by  Revs.  G.  W. 
Hnfnam.  (!.  W.  Wallace,  L.  F.  Williams,  and  Jesse 
llowell,  in  November,  1849  ;  has  been  a  pastor  for 
thirty-one  years  ;  was  moderator  of  Easton  Asso 
ciation  two  years  ;  was  for  many  years  president  of 
the  hoard  of  trustees  of  Warsaw  High  School :  has 
baptized  1800  persons,  traveled  over  <JO,000  miles 


in  preaching   the  gospel,  and  he  is  as  full  of  zeal 
and  efficiency  as  ever. 

Kentucky  Baptists.—"  The   Baptists  were  the 
pioneers  of  Kentucky."     The  first  explorers  of  its 
territory    were    the    brothers    Daniel    and    Squire 
Boone.     The   latter  was  a  Baptist  preacher.      The 
first    settlement    was    made    at    Boonsborough,    in 
what  is  now  Madison   County,  in  the   summer  ol 
1775,  by  Col.  Daniel   Boone,  his  wife   and  daugh 
ters   being   the  only  women   in   the   small  colony. 
Col.  Richard    Calloway  and   his   family  joined    the 
settlers    the    first  day    of   September.     They   also 
were  Baptists.      The  same   fall  a  small  settlement 
was  made  at  llarrodsburg,  some  thirty  miles  south 
west   of  Boonsborough.     Early  in    the    spring    of 
1771'),  Thomas  Tinsley  and  William  llickman.  Bap 
tist  ministers,  came  to  llarrodsburg.     "  Mr.  Tins- 
ley,"  says  Mr.  llickman,  "  preached   almost  every 
Sunday."     llickman  also  preached.    Nothing  more 
is    known   of  Mr.  Tinsley  except   that  4>  he  was." 
says  llickman,  "  a  good  old  preacher."      Mr.  Hick- 
man  returned   to  Virginia  the   following  summer. 
Emigrants,  principally   from  Virginia,  now  began 
to    pour  into   the    new   country   rapidly.      Among 
these  were  Gen.  Henry   Crist.  Gen.  Aquilla  Whit- 
aker.  Gen.    Joseph    Lewis,    Col.    Robert    Johnson. 
Col.  William  Bush,  lion    James  Garrard,  Gabriel 
Slaughter,  the   Clays,  and   many    others,  who   be 
came  prominent  in  the  camps  and  councils  of  the 
State.     These  were  all  Baptists. 

During  the  years  177'J  and  1780,  William  Mar 
shall,  John  Whitaker,  Benjamin  Lynn.  -John 
Garrard,  and  Joseph  Barnett,  Baptist  ministers. 
settled  in  the  new  country.  John  Taylor  and 
Joseph  Reding  visited  it  and  preached  during  this 
period. 

The  first  Baptist  church  formed  in  Kentucky,  or 
in  the  great  Mississippi  Valley,  was  constituted  of 
18  members  by  Joseph  Barnett  and  John  Garrard. 
on  the  present  site  of  Elizabethtown,  forty  miles 
south  of  Louisville,  June  18,  1781.  It  still  bears 
its  ancient  name,  Severn's  Valley.  The  second 
church  was  constituted  by  the  same  ministers. 
July  4.  1781.  It  is  called  Cedar  Creek,  and  is  lo 
cated  forty  miles  southeast  from  Louisville.  The 
third  church  in  Kentucky  was  Gilbert's  Creek,  in 
Garrard  County.  It  was  constituted  in  Spottsyl- 
vania  Co.,  Va.,  and  removed  to  Kentucky,  under 
the  pastoral  care  of  Lewis  Craig,  in  the  fall  of  1781  . 
Here  it  held  its  first  meeting  the  second  Sunday  in 
December  of  that  year. 

Then    followed    Forks    of  Dix   River,  in   17S'J 
Providence,    in    1783;    South    Elkhorn,   in    17SJ 
Gilbert's    Creek    (Separate    Baptists),    in     1783  : 
Beargrass,    in    1784;    Cox's    Creek,   Clear   Creek. 
Great   Crossings,    Tate's    Creek,    Limestone.    Bra- 
shear's   Creek,   Rush    Branch,   Pottinger's    Creek, 
and  Head  of  Boone'  s  Creek,  in  1785. 


KENTUCKY 


f>51 


KKNYON 


In  1785  three  Associations  were  formed,  Elk- 
horn  and  Salem  of  Regular  Baptists,  and  South 
Kentucky  of  Separate  Baptists.  In  171*3  an  effort 
to  form  a  union  between  the  Regular  and  Separate 
Baptists  failed  in  its  object,  and  resulted  in  the 
formation  of  Tate's  Creek  Association  of  United 
Baptists.  From  this  period  till  17W  religion  was 
at  a  low  ebb,  and  open  infidelity  much  abounded. 
In  1800  the  religious  awakening  known  as  "  The 
Groat  Revival  in  Kentucky"  began,  and  continued 
three  years.  In  this  period  the  number  of  Bap 
tists  in  the  State  was  more  than  doubled.  It  was 
at  this  time  that  the  jerks  and  the  barking  and 
dancing  exorcises  prevailed  in  some  degree  among 
the  Baptists,  but  much  more  extensively  among 
the  Presbyterians  and  Methodists. 

In  1801  the  Regular  and  Separate  Baptists 
formed  a  union,  and  all  assumed  the  name  of 
United  Baptists.  From  that  time  until  1818  the 
Baptists  of  Kentucky  continued  to  prosper,  with 
little  to  interrupt  their  harmony.  About  this 
period  Daniel  Parker  introduced  his  two-seed  doc 
trine,  and  with  it  the  anti-mission  spirit.  This 
caused  much  trouble,  dividing  many  churches  and 
Associations.  'These  factions  still  exist,  but  have 
become  weak  and  insignificant.  In  182.').  Camp- 
bellism  began  to  disturb  the  denomination,  and 
continued  to  distress  the  churches  until  the  Camp- 
bellites  were  cut  off.  'The  formal  separation  began 
in  1821),  but  was  not  completed  till  1835,  when  the 
€ampbellitos  became  a  distinct  sect,  known  by 
various  names  in  different  localities. 

In  181)2  the  Baptist  State  Convention  was  organ 
ized.  Its  operations  were  unsatisfactory,  and,  after 
a  trial  of  four  years,  it  was  dissolved.  In  1837 
the  General  Association  of  Kentucky  Baptists  was 
•constituted.  Its  special  object  was  to  promote  the 
spread  of  the  gospel  in  the  State.  Its  success  was 
encouraging  from  the  beginning.  It  is  estimated 
that  50,000  persons  have  been  bapti/.ed  under  its 
auspices.  Meanwhile,  the  anti-missionary  spirit, 
which  had  first  manifested  itself  in  the  churches 
about  the  year  1818,  was  fully  aroused  by  the  or 
ganization  of  the  General  Association.  Divisions 
were  produced  in  many  churches  and  Associations. 
In  not  a  few  of  these  a  majority  was  on  the  anti- 
missionary  side.  The  formal  division  began  in 
1840.  Since  that  time  the  Baptists  of  Kentucky 
have  been  divided  into  missionary  and  anti-mis 
sionary  churches.  The  latter  have  now  an  aggre 
gate  membership  of  about  7000. 

Since  the  division  last  referred  to  the  denomina 
tion  lias  enjoyed  a  good  degree  of  harmony  and 
prosperity.  Until  the  close  of  the  late  civil  war, 
the  white  and  colored  people  worshiped  together 
in  the  same  churches.  Since  that  period  the  col 
ored  people  have  formed  churches  and  Associations 
of  their  own.  The  separation  was  harmonious,  and 


the  feeling  between  the  brethren  of  the  two  races 
is  kind,  and  their  correspondence  is  fraternal. 

The  subjoined  table  will  show  the  growth  of  the 
Baptist  denomination  in  Kentucky   from  1790  to 

1880: 


Date. 


Pojmla-     Number 
tion  of       of  Bup- 
tlie  State.       tists. 


Date. 


Popnla-       Number 
(ion  c.f        of  lia[>- 

thc  State.        tists. 


Kentucky,  General  Association  of.— The  first 

general  organization  of  the  Baptists  in  Kentucky 
was  effected  in  1832  at  Bardstown.  It  was  styled 
"  The  Kentucky  Baptist  Convention."  There  was 
much  opposition  to  it  among  the  churches.  It  con 
tinued  to  meet  for  about  four  years,  and  then  dis 
solved.  In  1837  "  The  General  Association  of  Bap 
tists  in  Kentucky"  was  organized  in  Louisville. 
Its  leading  objects  were  to  promote  preaching 
among  the  destitute  within  its  bounds,  to  encour 
age  literary  and  theological  education,  and  to  foster 
foreign  missions.  The  churches  watched  its  move 
ments  with  doubt  and  suspicion,  and  some  of  them 
openly  opposed  it,  But  immediately  after  its  organ 
ization  an  extensive  revival  swept  over  the  whole 
State,  and  the  General  Association  grew  rapidly  in 
favor.  It  employed  a  large  corps  of  missionaries, 
:md  built  up  many  churches  that  were  weak,  and 
constituted  a  large  number  of  new  ones.  It  is 
estimated  that  its  missionaries,  and  those  of  its 
auxiliary  societies,  have  averaged  at  least  a  thou 
sand  baptisms  a  year,  from  its  organization  until 
the  present  time.  It  has  stimulated  the  churches 
to  support  their  pastors,  kindled  the  spirit  of  home 
and  foreign  missions,  encouraged  the  Jmildinc  up 
of  schools  and  colleges,  and  checked  the  ravages  of 
intemperance,  and  has  been  in  every  way  of  incal 
culable  advantage  to  the  denomination  in  Ken 
tucky. 

Kenyon,  Rev.  Archibald,  as  the  pastor  during 

three  years  and  a  half  of  the  Tabernacle  church  in 
Chicago,  and  afterwards  for  several  years  of  the 
Berean  Baptist  church,  is  to  be  remembered  with 
those  who  have  contributed  to  build  up  the  Baptist 
denomination  at  important  points.  lie  was  born 
in  Athol,  Warren  Co.,  N.  Y..  July  31,  ]S13.  Until 
eighteen  years  of  age  his  home  was  at  Hague,  on 
the  west  side  of  Lake  George.  His  conversion  oc 
curred  in  the  fall  of  1S3I,  and  he  was  baptized  by 
Elder  Daniel  Tinkham  .July  G,  1832.  Feeling  him 
self  called  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  he  was 
licensed  by  the  church  at  Hague.  He  studied  at 
the  Sandy  Hill  Academy,  also  at  East  Bennin<:ton, 
then  conducted  by  Messrs.  A.  Macomber  and  A.  N. 


KERF GOT 


652 


Arnold.  He  \v;is  ordained  in  1836.  His  first  pas 
torate  was  at  Lakcville  and  Shushan,  in  Wash 
ington  County.  Subsequently  he  was  engaged  at 
White  ('reek,  Shaftesburv,  and  Hoosac.  During  tlie 
years  1S4() — H  he  had  the  care  of  a  Baptist  church 
in  Providence.  II.  I.,  hut  in  1842  the  relation  was 
dissolved.  After  a  year  at  Vernon,  Oneida  Co.. 
X.  Y.,  and  three  and  a  half  years  at  Clinton,  eight 
miles  away,  he  came  West,  and  accepted  pastorates 
in  Chicago  as  above  mentioned.  From  1852  to 
1856  he  served  the  Tabernacle  church,  and  later 
the  Berean.  His  subsequent  pastorates  have  been 
at  Iowa  City,  at  Peoria,  and  other  places  in  Illinois. 
Though  his  pastorates  have  for  the  most  part  been 
brief,  they  have  been  fruitful,  in  nearly  every  in 
stance  considerable  accessions  being  made  to  the 
church.  lie  has  been  an  active  champion  of  every 
kind  of  reform,  in  that  department  of  effort  being 
a  valued  associate  and  co-laborer  of  Dr.  Nathaniel 
Colver.  He  now  suffers  a  great  affliction  in  nearly 
a  total  loss  of  sight,  but  continues  in  service  as 
pastor  of  two  small  churches  near  the  central  part 
of  the  State. 

Kerfoot,  Franklin  H.,  D.D.,  was  born  in  Clarke 
Co.,  Va.,  Aug.  29,  1847.  Until  the  age  of  fourteen 
he  was  educated  at  schools  in  Berryville.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  Confederate  service  during  the  war. 
In  1866  he  entered  the  Columbian  University,  grad 
uating  in  the  college  with  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Philosophy,  and  in  the  law  school  with  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Law,  in  1869.  He  spent  a  year  and 
a  half  at  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  Semi 
nary,  but,  his  health  failing,  he  was  obliged  to  sus 
pend  all  study  for  nearly  a  year.  Subsequently  he 
entered  the  Crozer  Theological  Seminary,  and  after 
one  year's  study  graduated  in  1872.  Afterwards 
he  traveled  over  Europe,  Egypt,  and  Palestine,  and 
spent  a  year  at  the  University  of  Leipsic.  On  his 
return  to  this  country  he  became  pastor  of  the 
Midway  and  Forks  of  Elkhorn  churches,  Ky., 
entering  on  his  labors  in  those  fields  Feb.  1,  1875. 
On  the  death  of  the  lamented  Dr.  Richard  Fuller, 
of  the  Eutaw  Place  Baptist  church,  Baltimore,  Mr. 
Kerfoot  was  elected  his  successor,  and  he  entered 
on  the  pastoral  charge  of  that  church  in  November, 
1877.  While  in  Kentucky,  Mr.  Kerfoot  held  for 
one  session  the  professorship  of  German  in  George 
town  College,  Ky., — a  position  for  which  he  was 
admirably  fitted  by  his  studies  in  Germany.  During 
his  absence  in  the  East  he  published  in  the  Religious 
Herald  some  interesting  letters  descriptive  of  clas 
sical  and  Biblical  scenes.  The  Columbian  College 
conferred  upon  Mr.  Kerfoot,  in  1872,  the  honorary 
degree  of  A.M. 

Kermott,  Rev.  Wm.  Judson,  was  born  in  Car- 
rolton  Co.,  New  Brunswick,  in  1833.  In  his  infancy 
his  parents  removed  to  Canada  West,  where  he  re 
mained  until  twelve  years  of  age,  when  he  became 


a  member  of  the  family  of  his  brother-in-law,  Rev. 
K.  J.  Scott,  a  Baptist  minister.  He  made  a  pro 
fession  of  religion  at  fifteen  years  of  age,  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  at  New  Market, 
Canada  West.  lie  very  early  in  life  felt  that  God 
called  him  to  preach  the  gospel,  and  made  prepara 
tion  for  it  as  opportunity  afforded  up  to  manhood. 
IleAvas  ordained  by  the  Baptist  church  in  Almond, 
Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1857,  and  at  once  became 
the  pastor  of  the  church.  This  pastorate  he  re 
signed  after  two  years'  labor  to  accept  an  appoint 
ment  from  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission 
Society  as  general  missionary  for  Kansas.  This 
position  he  held  for  eleven  years,  accomplishing 
during  the  time  a  very  successful  and  important 
work.  In  1866  he  became  the  pastor  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Omaha,  Neb.  The  church  there 
was  largely  gathered  through  his  lalxirs,  and  it& 
fine  meeting-house  built  and  completed  so  as  to 
enable  the  church  to  meet  for  worship  in  the  base 
ment.  In  1870  he  removed  to  Chicago,  111.,  where 
he  was  pastor  of  the  Coventry  Street  Baptist  church 
six  years,  and  of  the  Halsted  Street  Baptist  church 
two  years.  This  last  pastorate  Mr.  Kermott  re 
signed  for  the  purpose  of  again  entering  the  service 
of  the  American  Baptist  Home  Mission  Society  as 
district  missionary  for  Southwestern  Wisconsin, 
which  is  his  present  field  of  labor. 

During  his  ministry  of  twenty-three  years,  de 
voted  largely  to  the  new  States  and  Territories, 
Mr.  Kermott  has  been  an  indefatigable  worker  and 
a  highly  successful  minister.  He  has  organized  a 
number  of  churches,  built  several  meeting-houses, 
aided  in  the  formation  of  the  Kansas  and  Nebraska 
Baptist  State  Conventions,  assisted  struggling 
churches  encumbered  with  heavy  debts  to  provide 
the  means  for  their  payment,  and  all  his  work  is 
of  a  substantial  character.  He  has  fine  acquisi 
tions  in  literary  and  theological  learning,  and  is  a 
highly  esteemed  minister  of  Christ. 

Kerr,  Judge  John,  LL.D.,  distinguished  as  a 
jurist,  orator,  statesman,  and  above  all  as  a  devout 
Christian,  was  born  in  Pittsylvania  Co.,  Va.,  Feb. 
10,  1811,  and  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Kerry 
the  most  eloquent  preacher  of  the  gospel  who  has 
yet  appeared  in  North  Carolina  or  Virginia.  Mr. 
Kerr  was  educated  in  Richmond,  Va. ;  was  the  first 
law  student  of  the  late  Chief-Justice  Pearson,  and 
settled  in  Caswell,  N.  C.,  his  father's  native  county, 
at  the  age  of  twenty-one,  and  was  baptized  in  1832 
into  the  fellowship  of  the  Yanceyville  Baptist 
church  by  the  Rev.  J.  J.  James.  Mr.  Kerr  was  a 
decided  Baptist,  and  was  called  on  by  his  brethren 
to  fill  many  important  positions.  He  was  a  trus 
tee  of  Wake  Forest  College,  vice-president  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention,  president  of  the  Bap 
tist  State  Conventions  for  many  sessions,  and  fre 
quently  moderator  of  the  Beulah  Association.  He 


KERR 


653 


represented  his  county  in  the  State  Legislature  : 
was  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  in  1852- 
53,  and  again  in  1858-51) ;  was  judge  of  the  Su 
perior  Court  during  the  war,  and  was  again  elected 
judge  by  the  people  in  1874  for  eight  years.  He 
was  the  orator  of  the  Mecklenburg  Centennial,  cele 
brated  May  25,  1875. 

He  was  also  a  trustee  of  the  State  University, 
president  of  the  North  Carolina  Historical  Society 
ut  the  time  of  his  death,  and  received  the  title  of 
LL.D.  from  both  Trinity  College  and  the  State 
University. 

When  a  young  Christian  his  faith  and  zeal  were 
so  great  that  many  predicted  that  he  would  follow 
his  father  into  the  pulpit,  but  worldly  ambition 
tempted  him  into  politics.  God,  however,  was  gra- 


JUDGE    JOHN     KERll,    LL.D. 

cious  to  him  and  restored  his  first  love,  and  for  many 
years  before  his  death  he  became  eminent  for  god 
liness.  He  loved  the  society  of  Christ's  children, 
and  while  he  was  attending  to  his  judicial  duties 
it  was  a  common  thing  for  this  magnificently  en 
dowed  man  to  forsake  the  fashionable  circles  which 
eagerly  courted  his  society  and  find  his  chief  de 
light  in  some  humble  prayer-meeting.  He  was 
never  ordained  as  a  preacher,  but  no  Sabbath  was 
permitted  to  pass,  no  matter  where  he  was,  without 
his  bearing  witness  to  the  love  of  Jesus,  and  his 
exhortations  were  all  the  more  forcible  because  of 
his  position  on  the  bench.  He  died  Sept.  5,  1879, 
at  his  home  in  Reidsville,  N.  C.,  after  a  protracted 
illness. 

Kerr,  Rev.  John,  was  born  in  Caswell  Co.,N.  C., 


Aug.  4,  1782.     His  father  was  of  Scotch  descent, 
and  was    eminently   pious.      His   early   education 
was  superior  to  that  of  most  of  those  by  whom  he  was 
surrounded.     He  was  converted  under  the  preaching 
of  Rev.   Wm.    Paisley,  a  Presbyterian   clergyman, 
and  was  baptized  Aug.   12,    1S01.     Shortly  after 
wards  he  was  licensed  to  preach,  and  was  every 
where  listened  to  with  the  most  earnest  attention. 
Having  been  engaged  in  teaching  previous  to  his 
conversion,   he  now  abandoned  it   and    gave  him 
self  wholly  to  the  ministry.     He  made  extensive 
tours    in    all   directions,    visiting    South    Carolina 
and  Georgia,  and  preaching  to  large  assemblies  of 
people.      Lower  Virginia,  also,  was  the  scene  of  his 
labors.     About   the   year   1811,   Mr.    Kerr.  at  the 
earnest  solicitation  of  friends,  allowed  himself  to 
become  a  candidate  for  Congress.     At  first  he  was 
defeated,  but  he  was  subsequently  elected,  and  con 
tinued  to  serve  his  constituents  in  that  body  during 
the  war  of  1812.     Mr.  Kerr  always  regarded  this 
step  as  a  grievous  error,  inasmuch  as  it  diminished 
his  own  spirituality  and  injured  his  influence  as 
a  minister  of  the  gospel  ;  and  his  belief  was  that 
lie  was  brought  back  from  political   life  only  by  a 
painful  special  providence.     In  March  of  1825  he 
removed  to  Richmond,  Ya.,  and  took  charge  of  the 
First  Baptist  church  in  that  city.     During  the  six 
years  he  spent  as  pastor  of  this  church,  nearly  a 
thousand  persons  were  baptized  by  him,  so  power 
fully  did  the  Word  of  God  prevail.     Mr.  Kerr  was 
deeply  interested  in  all  the  benevolent  movements 
of  the  day,  and  for  many  years   presided  over  the 
General  Association  of  Virginia,  as  well   as  over 
the  Dover  Association.      He  took  an   active  part 
also  in  protesting  against  the  dangerous  errors  of 
Alexander    Campbell.      In   1832    he   resigned   the 
care  of  the  church  in  Richmond  in  order  to  devote 
himself  more  especially  to  evangelistic  labors.    His 
time  was  thenceforth  given  to  protracted  meetings 
and  visiting  destitute  churches.    In  the  year  1 836  he 
removed  to  a  farm  near  Danville,  Va.,  still  prose 
cuting  his  labors  among  the  feeble  churches,  and 
accomplishing  much  good.     He  died  Sept.  29,  1842. 
As  a  preacher  Mr.  Kerr  was  greatly  gifted.    With  a 
fine  person,  a  well-modulated  voice,  and  a  graceful 
manner,   he  Avon    and    held    the    attention   of  the 
lai-gest  assemblies  for  hours.     His   sermons  were 
exceedingly  interesting  and    impressive,   and   one 
who  knew  him  has  said,  "  Under  his  stirring  and 
almost  seraphic  appeals  I  have  frequently,  I  judge, 
seen    thousands    at    one    time    bathed    in    tears." 
"  Thousands  have  acknowledged   him,"   says   the 
same  writer,   ''as    their  spiritual   fathdr ;    and  in 
Virginia    and    North    Carolina    multitudes    were 
turned  to  righteousness  through  his  labors." 

Keyser,  Charles,  D.D.,  was  born  at  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  May  13,  1827;  received  his  literary  and 
theological  education  at  Madison  University  and 


KfDDKIf 


654 


KIFFIX 


Rochester  Theological  Seminary  :  ordained  at  \\  al- 
lingford,  Conn.,  in  1S51  :  was  pastor  at  Mount 
N orris,  Niagara.  Falls,  and  Binghamton,  X.  ^>  ..  in 
Providence,  11.  I.,  in  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  in  Trenton. 
N.  .)..  and  in  Wakefield,  Ma^s..  where  he  died.  In 
1S05  he  received  the  prize  offered  by  tlio  Anieriean 
Baptist  Publication  Society  for  the  "  Baptist  Cate 
chism."  Lewisburg  University  conferred  upon  him 
the  decree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity. 

Dr.  Kevser  was  th;>  owner  of  a  (dear,  powerful 
intellect:  he  was  logical,  orthodox,  fearless,  and 
faithful.  The  writer  lamented  his  early  and  un 
expected  death,  and  thousands  shared  in  his  sor 
row. 

Kidder,  Rev.  Wm.  8.,  of  Igo.  Shasta  Co.,  Cal.  -. 

born  in  Charing,  County  of  Kent,  England,  Nov. 
1."),  1S/54;  came  to  New  York  in  1S42;  was  con 
verted  at  fifteen,  and  bapti/ed  into  the  fellowship 
of  the  Morris  church,  X.  Y.  :  removed  to  California 
in  JS5S.  and  was  ordained  at  Sacramento  in  1S60. 
lie  is  a  devoted  pioneer  preacher  in  Northern  Cali- 
fornia. — almost  the  only  Baptist  minister  in  that 
wide  and  destitute  field.  lie  lias  acted  as  pastor 
at  lied  Bluff,  Weaverville,  Mount  Shasta,  and  Eagle 
Creek,  laboring  with  his  own  hands  for  his  bread, 
and  riding  forty  or  fifty  miles  at  his  own  expense 
to  serve  some  poor  church  or  minister  to  the  afflicted, 
looking  for  his  reward  on  high,  lie  has  been 
greatly  blessed  in  his  work  and  has  secured  much 
influence  among  the  people,  who  have  honored  him 
with  some  of  their  most  important  offices. 

Kieff,  Baptism  of  the  Population  of.—  Vlad 
imir  the*  Ireat.  Prince  of  Russia,  was  a  heathen  until 
he  married  the  Princess  Anna,,  of  Constantinople, 
when  he  repudiated  his  god  Perune,  and  about  A.D. 
OSS  ordered  the  entire  inhabitants  of  Kieff  to  be 
bapti/.ed.  The  proclamation  stated  that  "Who 
ever,  on  the  morrow,  should  not  repair  to  the  river 
(Dnieper),  whether  rich  or  poor,  he  should  hold  for 
his  enemv."  ..."  Some  stood  in  the  water  up  to 
their  necks,  others  up  to  their  breasts,  holding  their 
young  children  in  their  arms.  The  priests  read 
the  prayers  from  the  shore,  naming  at  once  whole 
companies  by  the  same  name." — Mouravicff's  ''  His 
tory  of  the  Church  of  Russia."  pp.  13,  15.  Oxford. 
1S4±  In  this  baptism  thousands  were  immersed, 
and  Christianity  of  a  certain  kind  was  triumphantly 
introduced  into  Russia. 

Kiffin,  Rev.  William,  was  born  in  London  in 
Hi  16.  In  16:25  the  plague,  which  swept  over  his 
native  city,  deprived  him  of  both  his  parents  and 
left  him  with  six  plague  sores,  the  cure  of  which 
was  regarded  as  impossible.  Through  two  sermons 
preached  by  Mr.  Davenport  and  Mr.  Coleman,  in 
London,  Mr.  Kiffin  obtained  from  Christ  a  divine 
life  which  defied  the  evils  of  seventy  stormy  years. 
He  united  with  a  Congregational  church,  by  which 
he  was  first  called  to  the  ministry.  In  1638  he 


joined  the  Baptist  church  of  which  the  Rev.  John 
Spilshurv  was  pastor.  From  this  community  a 
colon v  went  forth  in  1640  which  formed  another 
church.  The  new  organization  met  in  Devonshire 
Square.  It  elected  Mr.  Kiffin  pastor. — an  office 
which  he  retained  for  sixty-one  years,  the  duties 
of  which  three  assistant  pastors  at  different  times 
aided  him  to  discharge. 

Mr.  Kiffin  was  a  merchant,  carrying  on  business 
with  foreign  countries,  and  especially  with  Hol 
land.  He  conducted  his  mercantile  affairs  with  so 
much  skill  that  in  a  few  years  he  was  among  the 
wealthiest  men  in  London,  and  known  by  all  classes 
of  society  throughout  the  kingdom  as  one  of  the 
greatest  of  English  merchant-princes.  This  made 
him  a  conspicuous  object  for  persecuting  spite,  and 


REV.   WIU.IAM     KIFFIN. 

it  stirred  up  the  cupidity  of  a  base  horde  of  in 
formers,  whom  the  Stuarts  employed  to  ruin  Dis 
senters.  Lord  Arlington,  one  of  the  secretaries  of 
Charles  II.,  told  Mr.  Kiffin  that  he  was  on  every 
list  of  disaffected  persons  whose  freedom  was  re 
garded  as  dangerous  to  the  government. 

He  was  arrested  many  times.  Once  he  was  com 
mitted  to  the  White  Lion  jail  in  London,  where 
some  prisoners  formed  a  conspiracy  to  murder  him. 
but  he  was  unexpectedly  set  at  liberty.  Gen.  Monk 
arrested  him  for  an  alleged  conspiracy  against  lin 
king,  but  the  charge  was  shown  to  be  false,  and  he 
was"  released.  About  midnight,  on  another  occa 
sion,  he  was  taken  into  custody,  accused  of  having 
hired  two  men  to  kill  the  king,  but  soon  after  this 
wicked  fabrication  was  exposed,  and  he  was  per- 


KfFFLV 


655 


KILFATRICK 


mitted  to  depart.     His  position  among  Dissenters 
exposed  liiiu  to  extreme  peril  for  many  years. 

Kiflin's    influence    was    very    great.     Macaulay 
says,  ''Great  as  was  the  siuthority  of  Bunyan  witli 
the   Baptists,  William    Kiffin's  was  greater   still." 
He  had  talents  of  the  highest  order:  his  education 
\vas  respectable;  his  sagacity  was  uncommon  :   his 
manners  were  polished  :  his  piety  was  known  every 
where  ;  and  for  half  a  century  lie  was  the  first  man 
in  the  Baptist  denomination.     "With    the  business 
community  of  London,  or  with  the  great  trades  of 
other  cities,  the  credit  of  Kiffin  stood  higher  than 
the  financial  promises  of  kings.    Even  the  haughty 
nobles   of  Britain  were   not    too   proud    to   be    his 
friends,  and  among  these  Clarendon,  the  Lord  High 
Chancellor,    stood    the    first.     Thurloe,    the    chief 
secretary   of   Cromwell,    in    his    "  State    Papers," 
frequently   mentions   Mr.    Kiffin's    name  with    re 
spect,  and  the  "  Whitlocke's  Memorials"  are  equally 
just  to  the  great  and  good  Baptist.      Even   King 
Charles  himself,  as  far  as  his  heartlessness  would 
permit  him  to  show  affection,  was  the  friend  of  Mr. 
Kiffin.    There  were  ten  Baptist  men  and  two  women 
arrested  at  a  Dissenting  religious  meeting  at  Ayles- 
bury,  for  which  offense  against  the  Church  of  Eng 
land  they  were  sentenced  to  three  months'  imprison 
ment.     At  the  expiration  of  that   time  they  were 
brought  before  the  court  and  commanded  to  con 
form   to    the    Episcopal    Church   or    to    leave    the 
country  immediately.     These    sturdy  Baptists  re 
fused   to  do    either,   and   they   were    sentenced   to 
death  an-ordiny  to  law.     A  man  forthwith  started 
off  to  Mr.  Kiffin,  in   London,  who  interceded  with 
the   king,  and  saved  their  lives.     And  on   several 
other  occasions  the  king  gave  substantial  proofs  of 
his  regard  to  the  great  city  merchant.     lie  was  so 
friendly  to  Mr.  Kiffin  that  he  sent  to  borrow  €40,000 
from  him,  no  doubt  as  a  return  for  favors  he  had 
granted  his  brethren,  which  Mr.  Kiffin  compromised 
by  a  gift  of  £10,000.  and   felt  that   he   had   saved 
£30.000  by  the  arrangement.     When  King  James 
11.  abolished  the  charter  of  the  city  of  London  he 
wanted  to  make  Mr.  Kiflin  an  alderman  to  secure 
the  influence  of  his  great  name  to  help  him  in  his 
illegal    suspension   of  many   charters,   and  of   all 
penal  laws  against  Dissenters  and  Catholics.     But 
he  disliked  the  king's  illegal   measures,  and  lent 
him  no  willing  aid,  direct  or  indirect,  to  assist  him 
in  their  execution. 

Mr.  Kiffin's  ample  means  were  chiefly  used  in 
works  of  benevolence.  lie  gave  large  sums  to  the 
poor;  he  contributed  with  great  liberality  to  the 
feeble  churches  and  their  persecuted  ministers;  he 
assisted  in  the  education  of  young  men  for  the  min 
istry,  and  he  was  ever  ready  for  any  labor  or  gift 
of  love. 

The  only  work  he  ever  published  was  a  treatise 
in  favor  of  "close  communion,"  the  arguments  in 


which  are  as  sound  as  the  principles  that  governed 
his  pure  and  noble  life. 

One  of  the  sons  of  Mr.  Kiffin  was  poisoned  bv  a 
Catholic  priest  in  Venice  because  he  had  been  too 
free  in  denouncing  his  religion.  Two  of  his  grand 
sons,  the  llewlings,  were  murdered  by  Jeffreys,  the 
basest  of  judges,  and  James  II..  the  meanest  of 
kings.  Macaulay  speaks  of  them  as  u  the  gallant 
youths,  who,  of  all  the  victims  of  the  Bloody  Assizes, 
had  been  most  lamented."  Their  sister  Hannah 
married  Major  Henry  Cromwell,  the  grandson  of 
the  great  Protector. 

Mr.  Kiflin  was  evidently  raised  up  by  the  provi 
dence  of  God  and  invested  with  his  talents,  influ 
ence,  and  wealth  to  shield  his  persecuted  brethren 
in  times  specially  calamitous  ;  and  in  a  spirit  of 
supreme  love  to  -Jesus,  for  half  a  century,  he  was 
the  father  of  the  English  Baptists.  He  died  Sept. 
2'.),  1701.  when  the  sword  of  William  HI.  of  blessed 
and  of  "  Boyne  Water"  memory  had  terrified  the 
last  Stuart  from  the  English  throne. 

Kilborne,  Rowley,  was  born  in  the  town  of 
Bristol,  Addison  Co.,  Yt.,  Sept.  '2S,  17SO.  He  re 
moved  to  Canada  in  1820.  Converted  with  his 
wife  in  the  winter  of  1S2T-2S,  he  joined  the  Bap 
tist  church  in  the  township  of  Lobo.  In  1S32  lie 
removed  to  Beamsville,  and  two  years  after  was 
chosen  deacon  of  the  church  there,  in  which  office 
he  continued  to  the  day  of  his  death,  Oct.  17,  1880. 
He  was  the  first  president  of  the  Baptist  Mission 
ary  Convention  of  the  Province  of  Ontario.  For 
forty  years  he  was  a  magistrate,  and  in  several 
other  official  positions  he  served  the  public  with 
rare  skill  and  fidelity. 

Killings-worth,  Judge  Thomas,  was  probably 
a  native  of  Norwich,  England,  and  came  to  this 
country  very  soon  after  his  ordination.  We  find 
him  at  Middletovvn  and  Piscataway  exercising  his 
ministry  in  1<>SH  and  ln'S9.  His  name  was  promi 
nently  associated  with  Baptist  movements  in  New 
Jersey,  and  especially  in  Piscataway.  lie  was  the 
first  pastor  at  Cohansey,  continuing  for  nineteen 
years,  until  his  death.  The  destruction  of  the  old 
church  records  for  the  first  century  of  its  existence 
deprives  us  of  facilities  for  securing  information 
about  him.  Mr.  Killingsworth  was  appointed 
judge  in  Salem  County,  and  discharged  the  duties 
of  the  bench  as  well  as  those  of  the  pulpit  satisfac 
torily,  lie  died  in  1709.  He  was  a  firm  Baptist, 
but  avoided  any  rash  illegal  act:  so  we  find  that 
in  1700  at  a  court  held  in  Salem  he  took  out  a  license 
under  the  Toleration  Act  for  a  preaching-place  at 
the  house  of  one  Jeremiah  Nickson. 

Kllpatrick,  Rev.  J.  H.  T.,  was  one  of  those 
who  aided  greatly  in  elevating  our  denomination 
in  Georgia  to  its  present  high  standard  in  a  mis 
sionary  point  of  view.  He  was  born  in  Iredell  Co., 
N.  C.,  June  24, 1793.  In  his  younger  years  he  had 


KILPATIUCK 


KILPATRTCK 


excellent  educational  facilities,  received  an  excep 
tionally  classical  education,  and  prior  to  liis  per 
manent  settlement  in  Georgia  he  taught  school  in 
several  places  in  Louisiana.  While  in  that  State  lie 
married  his  first  wife,  and  also  took  an  active  part 
in  the  campaign  of  IS14  and  ISlf).  participating  in 
the  battle  of  Xe\v  Orleans,  .Jan.  S,  IS];").  He  -was 
converted  in  1S17,  and  joined  the  Baptist  church 
at  Oheneyville.  La.,  -June  22.  In  1X20,  after  the 
death  of  his  wife,  Lc  returned  to  the  East,  was 
prevailed  upon  to  remain  and  preach  at  Robertvill, 
S.  C.,  from  whence  he  removed  to  Burke  Co.,  Ga., 
where  he  married  Miss  Harriet  Eliza  Jones,  June 
2'!,  1822.  Afterwards  In;  removed  to  .Richmond 
County,  and  at  once  identified  himself  with  the 
most  prominent  Baptists  in  the  State,  taking  a  high 


REV.  J.    II.    T.   KII, PATRICK. 

position  among  them.  His  field  of  labor  lay  within 
the  Hephzibah  Association,  which,  when  he  first 
became  connected  with  it,  was  violently  anti-mis 
sionary.  With  great  zeal  and  prudence  he  promul 
gated  missionary  sentiments,  and  after  the  lapse  of 
thirteen  years  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing  it  entirely 
revolutionized  on  the  subject  of  missions.  A  tract 
written  by  him  in  1827  or  1828,  entitled  "  A  Plain 
Dialogue  on  Missions,"  which  was  afterwards  pub 
lished  in  the  "  Baptist  Manual"  in  connection  with 
denominational  articles  by  Pengilly,  Booth,  and 
Andrew  Fuller,  was  prepared  specially  for  the 
Ilephzibah  Association,  and  had  a  most  salutary 
influence.  Mr.  Kilpatrick  was,  through  the  force 
of  circumstances,  a  great  champion  of  baptism  and 
temperance  in  his  Association,  and  to  him  those 


two  causes  owe  much  able  and  eloquent  support  by 
both  pen  and  voice,  lie  aided,  too,  greatly  in  pro 
moting  the  Baptist  educational  interests  of  Georgia. 
The  land  upon  which  Ilephzibah  High  School  is 
situated  was  donated  by  him.  and  at  the  State  Con 
vention  of  1829,  at  MilledgeviUe,  lie,  Sherwood. 
Sanders,  and  Mcrcur  promptly  raised  the  $2500 
necessary  to  secure  the  Penfield  legacy, — an  action 
which  proved  to  be  the  inception  of  Mercer  Uni 
versity.  His  life  was  prolonged  until  Jan.  9,  1809, 
and  was  OTIC  of  remarkable'  usefulness. 

The  following  is  part  of  a  sketch  of  Mr.  Kil 
patrick,  written  by  Gen.  G.  W.  Evans,  of  Augusta, 
which  appeared  in  the  minutes  of  the  Ilephzibah 
Association  for  1809: 

';  As  a  citizen,  he  was  quiet,  retiring,  and  unob 
trusive  ;  as  a  man,  open,  honest,  and  unsuspecting-, 
as  a  friend,  true  but  undemonstrative  ;  as  a  pastor, 
laborious  and  constant,  always  punctual  to  his  ap 
pointments  ;  as  a  preacher,  he  was  logical  and  pro 
found,  and  when  aroused  oftentimes  sublimely 
eloquent ;  as  a  writer  and  controversialist,  he  was 
true,  accurate,  and  resistless  ;  as  a  Christian,  uni 
form  and  faithful  :  and  in  his  expiring  moments, 
as  if  to  seal  the  holy  record  of  his  life  with  his 
dying  testimony,  his  last  words  were  '  Precious 
Jesus !' 

"  Such,  brethren,  is  the  brief  and  imperfect  rec 
ord  of  the  man  now  gone  to  his  reward,  who,  be 
fore  many  of  us  were  born,  became,  by  the  power 
of  his -intellect,  we  might  almost  say  the  father  of 
this  Association,  and  who,  by  pen  and  voice,  aided 
by  the  late  Rev.  Joshua  Key,  was  the  main  instru 
ment  of  building  up  the  missionary  interest  among 
us,  and  who  for  years  was  the  triumphant  defender 
of  our  peculiar  views  and  the  eloquent  vindicator 
of  our  denominational  honor.  Gifted  with  a  mas 
sive  intellect  and  an  iron  constitution,  he  literally 
wore  out  in  the  service  of  his  Master.  We  deem 
it  no  injustice  to  the  living  or  the  dead  to  express 
our  honest  conviction  that  in  his  death  is  extin 
guished  the  brightest  intellectual  light  which  it  has 
ever  been  our  pride  to  honor." 

Kilpatrick,  Rev.  James  Hines,  youngest  son 
of  Rev.  J.  II.  T.  Kilpatrick  and  Miss  Harriet  E. 
Jones,  was  born  in  Burke  Co.,  Ga.,  Oct.  18,  1833. 
He  entered  Mercer  University  in  1849  and  grad 
uated  in  1853,  sharing  the  highest  honors  of  his 
class.  While  at  Mercer  he  made  a  public  profes 
sion  of  religion  and  united  with  the  church,  and 
was  called  to  ordination  by  the  AVhite  Plains 
church,  Greene  County,  in  1854.  He  began  his 
labors  as  pastor  of  that  church  in  1855,  succeeding 
Rev.  V.  R.  Thornton.  Since  that  time  his  ener 
gies  have  been  concentrated  upon  the  White  Plains 
church,  of  which  he  has  been  the  pastor  ever  since, 
though  he  has  had  charge  of  other  churches,  and 
he  has  succeeded  in  so  developing  its  capabilities 


KILPATRICK 


KIMBROUGH 


that  it  has  become  one  of  tlie  most  spiritual,  effi 
cient,  liberal,  and  enlightened  churches  in  the 
State.  For  years  it  has  been  regarded  as  a  model 
church,  and  Mr.  Kilpatrick  as  the  model  pastor 
of  the  State.  In  his  preaching  he  makes  no  effort 
at  display,  his  aim  being  to  present  gospel  truth  in 
such  a  manner  that  all  may  understand  and  few 
fail  to  appreciate  it;  and  perhaps  no  minister  in 
the  State  is  uniformly  heard  with  more  interest 
and  profit. 

In  public  life  he  is  very  quiet  and  unobtrusive, 
but  is  ever  ready  to  maintain  his  opinions  with 
ability.  lie  has  always  taken  a  prominent  part  in 
the  affairs  of  the  Georgia  Association,  and  since  his 
majority  has  invariably  occupied  a  seat  in  the 
Georgia  Baptist  and  Southern  Baptist  Conven 
tions. 

In  private  life  he  is  simple  in  his  habits,  affable 
in  manners,  and  pleasant  in  social  intercourse.  He 
is  fond  of  books  and  study.  lie  has  published  sev 
eral  valuable  sermons  and  a  series  of  articles  in 
the  Christian  Index  on  the  subject  of  "  Baptism," 
which  were  masterly  in  character  and  exhaustive 
in  execution.  lie  exerts  a  strong  influence  in  the 
denomination  within  his  own  State,  and  might  de 
servedly  occupy  a  much  more  prominent  position 
were  it  not  for  his  modesty.  He  is  a  strong,  terse, 
sensible  writer,  a  forcible  speaker,  and  a  man  of 
great  power  every  way. 

Kilpatrick,  Rev.  Washington  L.,  eldest  son 
of  Rev.  J.  II.  T.  Kilpatrick,  was  born  in  Burke  Co., 
Ga.,  Oct.  18,  1829.  He  was  graduated  from  Mer 
cer  University,  with  the  first  honors  of  his  class, 
in  1850;  was  ordained  in  1852,  entered  upon  the 
duties  of  a  country  pastor,  and  to  the  present 
time,  with  persistent  and  untiring  energy  and 
faithfulness,  has  labored  in  the  ministry,  serving 
different  churches  within  the  bounds  of  the  Ileph- 
xibah  Association.  So  eminent  have  been  his  abil 
ities,  so  exalted  his  character,  so  uniform  his  cour 
tesy  and  kindness,  and  so  efficient  have  been  his 
labors  and  so  Christian  his  deportment,  that  he 
wields  an  influence  possessed  by  no  other  in  his 
Association.  lie  is  commanding  in  person,  with  a 
fine  open  countenance,  great  benignity  of  expres 
sion,  and  a  pleasing  address  that  secures  the  confi 
dence  of  strangers.  Having  a  tender  heart  and 
liberal  impulses,  the  suffering  have  ever  found  him 
a  ready  friend  and  the  poor  a  generous  almoner. 
As  a  preacher,  he  speaks  extemporaneously,  is  al 
ways  practical,  pointed,  and  clear.  Too  deeply 
concerned  in  presenting  sound  and  wholesome  in 
struction,  which  he  does  in  a  solemn  and  impressive 
manner,  to  seek  for  mere  ornamentation  in  speech, 
he  makes  no  special  effort  to  embellish  his  sermons. 
By  his  preaching  he  has  attained  the  most  gratify 
ing  results,  and  has  secured  for  himself  an  enviable 
reputation ;  for,  while  an  unflinching  Baptist,  and 


ardently  devoted  to  the  spread  of  Baptist  senti 
ments,  he  seeks  for  success  more  by  the  firm  main 
tenance  of  truth  than  by  directly  combating  error. 

But  other  labors  pertaining  to  the  welfare  of  our 
Baptist  Ziori,  besides  those;  of  a  pastor,  have  en 
gaged  his  attention.  For  twenty-two  consecutive 
years  lie  managed  the  mission  and  colporteur  work 
of  the  Ilephzibah  Association.  Chiefly  through  his 
instrumentality  the  Hephzibah  High  School  was 
established  in  1861,  and  that  school  he  taught,  as 
president,  with  eminent  success,  from  1866  to  1876. 
In  1868  he  organized  the  Walker  Colored  Associa 
tion,  and  since  its  formation  he  has  been  the  chief 
and  trusted  counselor  of  its  ministers  and  churches. 
Prior  to  emancipation  the  members  of  those  churches 
belonged  to  the  Hephzibah  Association.  Since  1869 
he  has  faithfully  discharged  the  duties  of  a  trustee 
of  Mercer  University  ;  and  in  1878  he  succeeded  in 
securing  the  organization  of  the  Georgia  Baptist 
Historical  Society,  of  which  he  is  the  efficient  cor 
responding  secretary. 

Mr.  Kilpatrick  has  sought  to  make  his  attain 
ments  more  and  more  available  for  wide-spread 
usefulness  ;  and,  whatever  his  influence  may  be  as 
a  public  man,— and  unquestionably  it  is  very  great, 
— it  is  but  the  natural  and  logical  sequence  of  an  un 
blemished  private  record  and  consecrated  talents. 

Kimbro,  Rev.  W.  C.,  M.D.,  a  prominent  min 
ister  and  physician  in  Drew  Co.,  Ark.,  was  born  in 
Xorth  Carolina  in  1835 ;  came  to  Arkansas  in 
1860  and  settled  near  his  present  residence,  and 
engaged  successfully  in  the  practice  of  medicine, 
lie  united  with  the  church  in  1868,  and  was  soon 
after  licensed  to  preach,  and  ordained  in  1870. 
While  pursuing  his  profession  he  has  done  much 
to  relieve  the  destitute  around  him.  Ilopewell 
and  Centre  Point  churches  have  enjoyed  his  labors, 
and  have  been  much  blessed  under  his  efficient 
ministry. 

Kimbrough,  Rev.  Bradley,  son  of  Rev.  Duke 
Kimbrough,  was  born  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Tenn.,  Nov. 
3,  1799.  lie  studied  and  practised  law  for  a  time, 
and  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  first  lawyers  of  the 
State. 

In  1834  ho  was  a  leading  member  of  the  con 
vention  which  revised  the  constitution  of  the  State 
of  Tennessee.  He  afterwards  refused  political 
preferment  and  became  a  minister  of  the  gospel, 
and  was  ordained  by  the  Madisoriville  Baptist 
church  in  the  year  1835.  His  efforts  as  a  pastor 
were  very  successful  ;  he  assisted  in  the  organiza 
tion  of  a  number  of  churches,  and  labored  in  pro 
tracted  meetings,  which  were  abundantly  blessed 
of  the  Lord. 

His  ministerial  gifts  were  of  a  high  order.  In 
1845  he  was  chosen  agent  to  endow  Union  Univer 
sity,  located  at  Murfreesborough,  Tenn.  lie  ac 
cepted,  and  completed  the  work  in  1847.  At  one 


A7A7  .'A  ID 


f)5S 


KIXD    WOHDX 


time  lie  was  agent  of  the  Bible  Hoard.  He  was 
successful  in  whatever  lie  undertook.  For  many 
years  he  was  moderator  of  the  Liberty  Association, 
and  he  was  also  president  of  the  (General  Associa 
tion,  lie  closed  his  earthly  labors  -Juno  30.  IS74. 
While  living  he  was  one  of  the  brightest  lights  in 
our  beloved  /ion. 

Kincaid,  Eugenio,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the  State 
of  Connecticut,  and  brought  up  in  Southern  New 
^  ork  :  was  one  of  live  students  who  formed  the 
first  class  in  .Madison  I'uiversity,  Hamilton.  N.  Y. 
I  nder  the  influence  of  sermons  preached  bv  Dr. 
Carey,  during  his  second  year  at  Hamilton,  he  de 
termined  to  become  a  missionary.  At  the  time  of 
his  leaving  college  there  was  war  between  the  Eng 
lish  and  lJurman  governments,  which  led  to  the 
breaking  up  of  the  Burmese  mission  and  delayed 
his  departure  for  heathen  lands,  lie  then  became 
pa-tor  of  the  church  at  (lalway,  X.  V..  where,  how 
ever,  he  became  dissatisfied,  and  resolved  that  if  no 
door  was  yet  open  for  labor  among  the  heathen,  he 
would  find  some  destitute  region  in  his  own  country 
where  he  could  do  missionary  work.  His  attention 
being  directed  to  the  mountainous  districts  of  Cen 
tral  Pennsylvania,  he  commenced  work  at  Milton, 
where  at  that  time  there  was  but  one  Baptist,  and 
she  a  poor  widow  with  six  children.  He  preached 
in  court-rooms,  school-houses,  and  occasionally  in 
groves,  for  four  years,  with  manifold  tokens  of 
the  Divine  favor. 

While  thus  engaged  he  received  a  letter  from  the 
executive  committee  of  the  Missionary  Union  ask 
ing  him  to  go  to  Burmali.  He  replied  at  once  that 
he  would.  In  the  spring  of  1830  he  sailed  from 
Boston,  and  towards  the  close  of  the  year  he  reached 
Maulmain,  where  he  found  Drs.  Judson  and  Wade 
and  Mr.  Bennett. 

Dr.  Kincaid  commenced  the  study  of  the  lan 
guage  under  a  native  preacher,  giving  twelve  hours 
every  six  days  of  the  week  to  the  work.  Mean 
while,  he  preached  for  the  English  soldiers  then 
stationed  in  those  parts.  After  a  year  of  prep 
aration  he  went  to  Rangoon  and  gave  his  entire 
time  to  work  among  the  Burmans.  In  a  little 
more  than  a  year  he  left  the  Burman  church  at 
Rangoon  under  the  care  of  a  native  pastor,  and 
proceeded  to  Ava,  the  capital,  and  subsequently 
spent  three  months  in  visiting  every  town  and  vil 
lage  along  the  banks  of  the  Frrawaddy.  For  nearly 
two  months  he  lived  in  his  boat,  subjected  to  severe 
hardships  ;  but  he  heroically  continued  his  work 
among  the  natives,  and  at  the  end  of  fifteen  months 
had  baptized  eleven  converts  and  organized  them 
into  a  church. 

He  continued  his  labors  for  many  years  in  for 
eign  lands,  and  subsequently  returned  to  America 
broken  in  health  by  his  incessant  toil.  At  his 
quiet  home  in  Girard.  Kan.,  the  enfeebled  body  de 


tains  a  little  longer  '•  the  hero  missionary"  from 
his  home  beyond  the  skies. 

Kincaid,  Rev.  J.  P.,  was  born  in  Garrard  Co., 
Ky..  March  4,  184^.  In  18,j2  his  parents  removed 
to  Danville,  where,  at  the  age  of  thirteen,  he  united 
with  the  Baptist  church.  In  I  80S  he  transferred 
his  membership  from  the  church  at  Danville  to  New 
Providence  church,  in  the  same  county,  where, 
•Inly  14,  1ST-,  he  was  ordained  to  the  gospel  min 
istry  in  the  Baptist  church  by  the  following  Pres 
bytery  :  T.  M.  Vaughn,  II.  L.  Thurman,  W.  P. 
Harvey.  I.  M.  Sallee.  and  A.  I).  Hash.  About  this 
time  he  was  called  to  the  pastoral  care  of  the 
Drake's  Creek  church,  in  Lincoln  Co.,  Ky.  After 
this  he  took  charge  of  the  Logan's  Creek  church 
also.  About  forty  persons  were  added  to  the  Drake's 
Creek  church  during  his  first  year's  labors  there. 
In  the  latter  part  of  1873  he  resigned  the  care  of 
these  churches,  and  removed  to  Covin^ton,  Tenn. 
During  the  summer  and  fall  of  the  year  he  labored 
in  protracted  meetings  in  Topton,  Laudcrdale,  and 
Dyer  Counties,  and  in  October,  1874.  was  called 
to  the  care  of  the  Elain  Baptist  church,  Durhams- 
ville,  Tenn. 

He  is  a  decided  Baptist.  lie  is  now  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Gallatin,  Tenn.  Mr.  Kincaid,  though 
a  young  man,  stands  among  the  first  preachers  of 
our  State  :  he  is  areasoner.  and  knows  how  ''  rightly 
to  divide  the  word  of  truth.'' 

"Kind  Words"  and  "The  Child's  Gem."— 

Kind  ir<ird#  is  the  Sunday-school  paper  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention.  It  is  published  at 
Macon,  Ga.,  and  edited  by  Rev.  S.  Boykin.  This 
useful  paper  wields  a  strong,  extended,  and  healthy 
influence.  Its  lesson  expositions  of  the  "Interna 
tional  Series"  are  studied  to  advantage  by  perhaps 
200,000  persons  each  week  in  all  the  editions, 
counting  the  Lesson  Leaflets.  Its  tone  is  highly 
evangelical,  and  at  the  same  time  it  is  strikingly 

<~>    J 

denominational  and  a  decided  advocate  of  the  mis 
sion  cause.  It  first  appeared  in  .January.  1804,  in 
the  very  midst  of  the  throes  of  war,  and  was  orig 
inated  by  Mr.  C.  J.  Elford.  of  Greenville.  S.  C., 
assisted  by  Rev.  Basil  Manly.  D.D.,  president,  and 
Rev.  John  A.  Broadus,  corresponding  secretary, 
of  the  Sunday-School  Board  of  the  Southern  Bap 
tist  Convention,  and  soon  reached  a  circulation  of 
25,000.  For  years  it  was  a  small  monthly  sheet, 
and  its  price  was  ten  cents.  It  was  then  published 
at  Greenville.  S.  C.  In  1808  the  Sunday-School 
Board  was  removed  to  Memphis.  Tenn..  and  Kind 
Words  was  transferred  to  that  city,  where,  in  1870. 
it  was  consolidated  with  the  Child's  Delujhl,  a  Sun 
day-school  paper  published  by  Rev.  S.  Boykin,  at 
Macon.  Ga.,  who  was  employed  as  editor.  The 
Child's  Delight  was  a  semi-monthly  paper,  and  thus 
Kind  Words  became  a  semi-monthly.  Two  years 
later  a  weekly  edition  was  also  issued,  and  its  cir- 


R'L\G 


659 


A'[XG 


culation  became  very  extensive  throughout  the 
South  and  Southwest.  In  1S73  the  Sunday-School 
Board  was  merged  into  the  Home  Board  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  at  Marion,  Ala.,  and  ! 
Kind  Words  was  transferred  to  the  care  of  that 
board,  by  which  it  has  been  issued  ever  since.  Its 
publication  office  was  changed  to  Macon.  Ga..  where 
satisfactory  printing  arrangements  were  made  with 
the  firm  of  J.  W.  Burke  it  Co.  by  the  secretary  of 
the  Home  Board.  It  is  beautifully  illustrated  and 
elegantly  printed,  and  yields  the  Home  Board  of  the 
Southern  Baptist  Convention  an  income  of  $1000  ! 
per  annum  above  expenses.  The  different  editions 
of  the  paper  are  a  weekly,  semi-monthly,  and 
monthly.  The  monthly  issue  contains  no  lessons; 
the  weekly  and  semi-monthly  issues  contain  them. 
Four-page  Lesson  Leaflets  are  also  published. 

The  Child's  Gem,  a  beautiful  little  four-page 
weekly  illustrated  Sunday-school  paper  for  infant 
classes,  is  published  by  Rev.  S.  Boykin,  Macon,  Ga. 
It  contains  appropriate  matter  for  the  very  young, 
with  the  lesson-story  and  questions  adapted  to  the 
capacity  of  children  unable  to  read.  It  iias  now 
been  in  existence  two  years,  and  has  quite  a  wide 
circulation.  It  was  first  published  under  the  title 
of  The  Jiitptixt  Gem. 

King,  Rev.  AlonZO,  was  born  in  Wilbraham, 
Mass.,  April  1.  17%.  When  he  was  three  or  four 
years  of  age  his  family  removed  to  Newport,  X.  II. 
He  pursued  his  studies  preparatory  to  college  at 
the  Newport  Academy,  and  under  the  tuition  of 
Rev.  Leland  Howard,  of  Windsor.  Vt.,  and  was  a 
graduate  of  Waterville  College,  now  Colby  Univer 
sity,  in  the  class  of  1825.  He  was  invited,  immedi 
ately  on  his  graduation,  to  become  pastor  of  the 
church  in  what  is  now  Yarmouth,  Me.,  then  North 
Yarmouth,  which  had  become  vacant  by  the  re 
moval  of  its  pastor.  Rev.  Stephen  Chapin,  D.D., 
afterwards  president  of  Columbian  College.  Wash 
ington.  D.  C.  lie  was  ordained  Jan.  24,  1820,  and 
was  eminently  successful  in  his  ministry  till  fail 
ing  health  forced  him  to  resign,  in  the  spring  of 
1831.  A  year  afterwards  he  was  so  far  recovered 
that  he  was  able  to  accept  a  call  to  the  pastorate 
of  the  Baptist  church  in  Xorthborough,  Mass. 
While  residing  at  Northborough  he  was  for  a  time 
agent  of  the  Massachusetts  Baptist  Convention,  and 
also  soliciting  agent  to  raise  funds  for  the  endow 
ment  of  the  Newton  Theological  Institution.  He 
c- 

was  several  times  urged  to  take  charge  of  important  ; 
churches  in  cities  and  large   towns,  but  his  modest  i 
estimate  of  his  abilities  led  him  to  decline  all  these  j 
overtures.     In   the   spring  of  1835   he  removed  to  ! 
Wes  thorough,  Mass.,  where  he  died  November  29  of  I 
the  same  year.      As  an   author  he  is  known  by  his 
"  Memoir  of  George  Dana  Boardman."     "In  my 
own  memory,''  says  Baron   Stow,  "and  in  that  of 
every  one  who  knew  him.  his  name  is  fragrant.'1 


King,  Rev.  Daniel,  was  born  July  1,  1803,  on 
what  was  then  the  disputed  border  line  of  Kentucky 
and  Tennessee.  lie  was  converted  and  baptized  in 
1831.  and  soon  beican  missionary  work  in  Missis 
sippi.  For  twenty-five  years  he  was  a  most  faithful 
and  successful  evangelist  and  pastor,  conducting 
many  revivals,  building  up  new  churches,  and  bap 
tizing  large  numbers.  He  was  robust  and  had 
great  natural  force,  swaying  large  audiences  with 
the  powers  of  a  splendid  eloquence.  In  18.").'-;  he 
went  to  California  and  located  on  the  Solano  plains, 
where  he  built  up  one  of  the  strongest  and  wealth 
iest  churches,  now  known  as  the  Dixon  church. 
He  died  at  Dixon,  Oct.  3,  1877.  He  was  honored 
and  loved  by  all,  and  his  influence  on  the  Baptist 
cause,  in  its  missionary  and  educational  depart 
ments,  will  be  felt  for  many  generations  on  the 
Pacific  coast. 

King,  Gen.  E.  D.,  was  born  in  Greene  Co..  Ga., 
April  12.  1792:  was  a  captain  in  the  command  of 
Gen.  Floyd  in  the  principal  Indian  war.  fought  in 
several  battles,  arid  was  twice  wounded.  He  re 
moved  to  Alabama  while  it  was  yet  a  Territory, 
commenced  life  there  in  a  log  cabin,  and  became 
princely  wealthy.  For  many  years  he  was  a  trus 
tee  of  the  University  of  Alabama,  one  of  the  pro 
jectors  of  Howard  College  and  of  the  Judson 
Female  Institute,  and  president  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  l^,st-named  institution  from  its  be 
ginning  to  his  death;  contributed  liberally  of  his 
time  and  means  to  the  cause  of  education  and 
religion  ;  deacon  in  the  Baptist  church  at  Marion, 
and  one  of  its  most  useful  members  ;  ardent  and 
sincere  in  his  attachments  and  convictions  ;  of  a 
strong  and  determined  will;  noted  for  his  eminently 
practical  judgment  and  irood  sense.  He  was  the 

j-  •;         i<  •_ 

father  of  the  Hon.  Porter  King. 

King,  Rev.  Eustace  E.,  pastor  at  Senatobia, 
Miss.,  was  born  in  Mississippi  in  1850  ;  graduated 
at  Mississippi  College  in  1873;  began  to  preach  at 
the  age  of  eighteen  ;  spent  two  years  at  the  South 
ern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary,  then  located  at 
Greenville,  S.  C.  :  after  which  he  was  called  to  his 
present  pastorate,  where  his  labors  have  been  emi 
nently  successful. 

King,  Rev.  G.  M.  P.,  principal  of  the  Wayland 
Seminary,  Washington,  D.  C.,  was  born  at  Oxford, 
Me.,  in  1833.  He  was  fitted  for  college  at  Hebron 
Academy,  and  graduated  from  Colby  University  in 
1857.  He  spent  one  year  at  Newton  Theological 
Seminary.  For  the  school  year  of  1858-59  he  had 
charge  of  the  rhetorical  department  of  the  Mary 
land  Agricultural  College.  In  18(>0  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  East  Providence, 
11.  I.,  and  remained  there  five  years.  In  April, 
18G5,  while  spending  a  few  weeks  with  the  army, 
in  the  service  of  the  Christian  Commission,  he  be 
came  interested  in  the  education  of  the  colored  peo- 


KLVG 


KINNERSLEY 


pie  of  the  Soutli.  lie  wrote  and  urged  the  grant 
ing  of  the  first  request  to  be  allowed  to  open  a 
school  in  Richmond,  Va..  for  the  teaching  of  the 
freedmcn.  In  1X67  he  took  charge  of  the  National 
Theological  Institute,  Washington,  D.  C., — a  school 
for  their  education.  After  two  years  it  was  united 
with  Way  land  Seminary,  and  Prof.  King  became 
the  principal, — a  position  which  he  still  holds.  In 
the  beginning  they  had  no  building  and  but  few 
students;  now  they  have  a  property  free  from 
debt,  worth  nearly  S50,()UO,  a  handsome  building 
in  a  beautiful  location.  It  has  numbered  nearly 
KK)  students  annually  for  the  last  ten  years,  about 
half  of  whom  have  been  connected  with  the  the 
ological  department,  and  already  more  than  50 
of  the  students  are  doing  effective  work  as  pastors, 
while  a  much  larger  number  have  engaged  in 
teaching.  The  last  class  numbered  17,  the  largest 
ever  graduated  at  this  excellent  institution. 

King,  Rev.  H.  M.,  was  born  in  Halls  Co.,  Mo., 
April  X.  IX.")1,).  He  attended  for  some  time  the 
Shelbyville  Seminary,  at  Shelbyville,  Mo.,  and 
afterwards  continued  his  studies  under  a  graduate 
of  Berlin,  and  finally  with  a  Presbyterian  minister 
of  Kentucky.  lie;  was  converted  at  Shelbyville, 
Mo.,  in  1X59,  in  February,  and  baptized  the  same 
month.  In  August  of  that  year  lie  commenced 
to  preach,  and  in  the  December  following  was 
ordained. 

Mr.  King  labored  for  some  years  acceptably  in 
Missouri,  when,  on  account  of  being  frail,  he  re 
moved  to  Texas,  hoping  that  its  milder  climate 
would  suit  him  better.  He  was  quite  successful  at 
Chapel  Hill,  Texas.  Here  his  health  gave  way 
again,  and  he  concluded  to  go  to  Florida.  He  ar 
rived  there  a  few  years  ago,  and  settled  at  Gaines 
ville.  His  first  pastorate  was  at  Fernandina.  He 
has  been  constantly  engaged  in  the  ministry,  and 
his  health  is  restored. 

Mr.  King  is  a  man  of  fine  intelligence,  and  as  a 
preacher  he  has  few  equals.  He  thinks  closely  and 
clearly,  and  expresses  himself  perspicuously.  He 
is  remarkably  prudent,  conservative,  and  firm.  He 
is  able  to  adapt  himself  to  the  various  classes  of 
society,  and  he  is  beloved  alike  by  all,  which,  in  a 
country  with  such  a  complex  population,  adds  very 
materially  to  his  usefulness.  He  is  one  of  the  most 
valuable  men  in  the  denomination  in  Florida. 

King,  Rev.  I.  D.,  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Md., 
Fel>.  4,  1824 ;  was  baptized  into  the  fellowship  of 
the  Spruce  Street  church,  Philadelphia,  by  llev.  T. 
0.  Lincoln,  May  8,  1842 ;  was  ordained  in  May, 
1854,  and  settled  as  pastor  of  the  church  at  Smith- 
field,  Pa.,  where  he  remained  two  years  ;  was  sub 
sequently  pastor  of  the  churches  at  Uniontown,  Pa., 
Portsmouth,  0.,  Granville,  0.,  Phoenixville,  Pa., 
and  Chestnut  Hill,  Philadelphia.  In  1876  he  took 
charge  of  a  new  mission  interest  in  Philadelphia, 


which,  under  his  efficient  labors,  soon  became  the 
Centennial  church.  With  this  church  he  still  con 
tinues  as  pastor,  and  God  is  still  blessing  his  min 
istry. 

King,  Hon.  Judge  Porter,  was  born  in  Perry 
Co.,  Ala.,  April  30.  1X24;  educated  at  the  Univer 
sity  of  Alabama  and  at  Brown  University,  11.  1.. 
whilst  under  the  presidency  of  Dr.  Wayland ; 
studied  law  under  Thos.  Chilton.  Ksq.  ;  was  judge 
of  the  circuit  court  of  one  of  the  judicial  circuits  of 
the  State  before  the  late  war,  and  held  the  office 
until  deprived  of  it  by  Federal  authority  in  1865; 
for  many  years  a  trustee  of  the  State  University 
and  of  the  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  taking  a  deep 
interest  in  these  institutions:  deacon  in  the  Bap 
tist  church  at  Marion,  trustee  of  Howard  College, 
and  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Jud- 
son  Female  Institute.  Judge  King  is  a  wealthy, 
cultivated  gentleman,  a  lawyer  of  distinction,  and 
a  Baptist  of  sterling  worth.  He  is  a  son  of  the 
late  Gen.  E.  D.  King. 

Kinnear,  Judge  William  Boyd,  was  born  in 
St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  Oct.  12,  1796;  con 
verted  in  that  city,  and  baptized  in  Halifax.  Nova 
Scotia,  in  1X27;  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Baptist  seminary  at  Fredericton  :  elected  member 
of  the  Provincial  Parliament  in  1832;  appointed  to 
the  Legislative  Council  in  1838  ;  was  judge  of  pro 
bate  in  St.  John  for  many  years,  and  was  deacon 
of  Brussels  Baptist  church.  Judge  Kinnear  pos 
sesses  a  keen,  well-cultured  mind,  accurate  knowl 
edge  of  law,  deep  Christian  experience,  zeal  for 
education  and  other  denominational  enterprises, 
and  the  strictest  integrity. 

Kinnersley,  Rev.  Ebenzer,  was  born  in  Glouces 
ter,  England,  Nov.  30,  1707.  He  arrived  in  Amer 
ica  Sept.  12.  1714,  was  ordained  in  1743,  and  min 
istered  in  Philadelphia  and  elsewhere  until  1754. 
He  had  serious  doubts  about  the  character  of 
Whitefield's  preaching,  and  involved  himself  in 
grave  trouble  with  the  Baptist  community  in 
Philadelphia  by  proclaiming  in  the  pulpit  his  con 
victions. 

"In  1746,"  says  Senator  Jones,  of  Pennsylvania, 
"  his  attention  was  first  directed  to  the  wonderful 
and  unknown  properties  of  the  electric  fire,  as  it 
was  then  termed,  and  he  was  brought  into  close 
companionship  with  Benjamin  Franklin.  He  was 
intimately  associated  with  Franklin  in  some  of  his 
most  splendid  discoveries,  and  he  more  than  once 
gratefully  acknowledged  his  aid.  He  attracted  the 
attention  of  many  of  the  most  eminent  philosophers 
on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic,  and  he  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society, 
which  was  then  composed  of  the  most  learned  and 
scientific  men  in  the  city."  He  was  elected  Pro 
fessor  of  the  English  Tongue  and  of  Oratory  in  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1755.  He  held  this 


KINNKY 


661 


KIRTLEY 


position  with  advantage  to  the  institution  for  eigh 
teen  years,  and  resigned  it  to  the  great  regret  (if 
the  students  and  their  teachers.  He  died  July  4, 
1778.  In  the  splendid  building  recently  reared 
for  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  a  beautiful 
memorial  window  commemorates  the  worth  of 
Ehenezer  Kinnersley. 
Kinney,  Deacon  Albert  William,  eldest  son 

of  Hon.  R,  C.  Kinney,  is  deacon  of  the  Baptist 
church  of  Salem,  Oregon.  He  is  successor  to  his 
father  in  an  immense  business  at  Salem,  is  noted 
for  his  devotion  to  Christ  and  for  his  lovely  spirit. 
He  is  a  large  contributor  to  Baptist  benevolent  ob 
jects  and  other  charities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  lie 
was  born  at  Muscatine,  la.,  Oct.  3,  1843,  became 
a  Christian  in  early  life,  and  is  a  zealous  and 
steadfast  member  of  the  Baptist  church. 

Kinney,  Hon.  Robert  Crouch,  one  of  the  most 
distinguished  of  Baptist  benefactors  in  Oregon,  was 
born  July  4,  1813,  in  St.  Glair  Co.,  111.  ;  removed 
to  Muscatine,  la.,  in  1838,  and  to  Oregon  in  1847  ; 
successful  in  large  business  enterprises,  kind  to  the 
poor,  just  in  his  dealings,  liberal  to  all,  especially 


IIO.V.  ROHERT  CROUCH  KINXEV. 

to  churches  and  colleges.  He  died  at  Salem,  Ore 
gon,  March  2,  1875  ;  all  business  was  suspended, 
the  Capitol  was  in  mourning,  and  State  officials  wept 
as  for  a  brother  at  the  funeral.  When  death  was 
near,  his  son,  Dr.  Kinney,  was  summoned  at  mid 
night  to  a  distant  town.  The  night  was  stormy, 
and  the  son,  being  reluctant  to  leave  his  father,  was 
urged  to  go.  "  It  may  be  some  poor  man  that  can 
not  pay  you,  Alfred  ;  but  go  ;  don't  let  him  suffer." 


His  marriage  in  early  life  was  a  happy  one.  He 
and  his  wife  were  Baptists  ;  their  children  illus 
trated  their  parents'  piety  in  the  consecration  of 
their  wealth  to  the  upbuilding  of  McMinnville  Col 
lege,  the  support  of  missions,  and  all  other  objects 
of  benevolence.  Mr.  Kinney  was  a  member  of  the 
Iowa  Constitutional  Convention  ;  also  a  member  of 
the  Territorial  Legislature,  and  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  Oregon. 

Kirk,  Rev.  A.  G.,  is  of  Scotch  origin  on  his 
father's  side,  and  of  English  on  his  mother's.  He 
was  born  in  Lancaster  Co.,  Pa.,  Nov.  14,  1809.  of 
Quaker  parentage.  His  great-grandfather,  Ben 
jamin  Gilbert,  and  his  family,  were  taken  pris 
oners  by  the  Indians  in  April,  1780,  and  suffered  a 
miserable  captivity,  passing  their  days  in  constant 
terror  of  being  killed,  but,  in  the  language  of  the 
chief,  Rowland  Mintour,  "  The  Great  Spirit  would 
not  let  us  kill  you.'' 

The  son  remained  with  his  father's  family  until 
his  marriage,  in  1833.  and  in  the  subsequent  year 
removed  into  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  teaching  until 
1845.  On  Jan.  15,  1843,  he  was  baptized,  and 
made  his  first  public  speech  to  a  large  assembly, 
partly  composed  of  his  scholars  and  of  skeptical 
friends  attracted  to  the  solemn  scene.  He  was 
ordained  Jan.  12,  1845,  at  Salem,  Columbiana  Co., 
0.  lie  was  the  first  resident  pastor  of  the  church 
in  New  Castle,  Lawrence  Co.,  Pa.,  and  the  first 
pastor  of  the  Nixon  Street  church,  Alleghany  City, 
Pa.  At  New  Castle  he  enjoyed  a  prosperous  min 
istry  of  eleven  years.  In  Alleghany  City  and  other 
churches  lie  was  highly  favored.  His  entire  min 
istry  has  been  richly  blessed.  In  labors  he  has 
been  abundant,  having  preached  during  thirty- 
three  years  about  5000  sermons,  and  during  the 
entire  period  losing  only  eight  Sabbaths  by  any 
indisposition  of  the  body.  He  is  still  in  service. 

Kirtley,  Rev.  E.  N.,  a  prominent  minister  in 
Louisiana,  is  a  native  of  Virginia,  and  nearly  fifty- 
five  years  of  age.  He  came  to  Louisiana  about 
1850  as  a  licensed  preacher  in  the  Methodist  church. 
He  was  convinced  of  the  truth  of  Baptist  sentiments 
from  reading  "  Pendleton's  Three  Reasons."  He 
was  ordained  as  a  Baptist  minister  in  1854,  and  be 
came  a  missionary  of  the  Grand  Cane  Association. 
He  labored  here  until  the  war.  About  1863  he  re 
moved  to  Springville,  in  Red  River  Parish,  and  en 
gaged  in  teaching  and  preaching.  He  then  re 
moved  to  Ringgold,  in  Bienville  Parish,  where  he 
taught  and  preached  until  he  was  called  to  Minden, 
in  1873.  He  then  took  a  school  at  Red  Land,  in 
Bossier  Parish,  where  he  still  lives,  supplying  the 
church  at  Bellevue,  the  capital  of  Bossier  Parish. 

Kirtley,  Rev.  Robert,  was  born  in  Culpeper 
Co.,  Va.,  May  30,  1786.  In  1796  he  with  his 
parents  emigrated  to  Boone  Co.,  Ky.,  where  he  spent 
the  remainder  of  a  long  and  eminently  useful  life. 


KITCHKX 


662 


KNAPP 


He  professed  religion  and  united  with  the  Baptist 
church  at  Bullittsburg  in  |SI1.  In  jsi2  lie  en 
tered  the  army  as  a  lieutenant,  and  at  the  close  of 
the  campaign  returned  home  and  engaged  in  the 
active  duties  of  religion.  Ho  was  licensed  to  preach 
in  1S19,  ordained  in  1822.  and  in  1X26  he  succeeded 
the  beloved  Absalom  Graves  in  the  pastoral  care  of 
Bullittsburg  church.  He  was  the  leading  preacher 
lor  years  in  North  Bend  Association,  of  which 
lie  was  moderator  thirty-one  years.  He  died  April 
9.  1872. 

Kitchen,  Hon.  W.  H.,  who  represents  the  Sec 
ond  Districtof  North  Carolina  in  the  V.  S.  Congress, 
was  born  in  18:57;  received  a  collegiate  education 
in  Virginia;  read  law  ;  entered  the  army  in  1X61, 
and  attained  the  rank  of  captain  of  infantry,  12th 
Regiment  N.  C.  troops  :  was  baptized  by  Rev.  C. 
Durham  in  1x76.  Mr.  Kitchen  is  a  man  of  great 
worth. 

Kitts,  Rev.  Thomas  J.,  was  born  in  1789.  and 
was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  First  Baptist  church 
of  Wilmington,  Del.  He  was  ordained  to  the  pas 
torate  of  the  church  of  Canton,  X.  J.  In  1823  he 
took  charge  of  the  Second  Baptist  church  of  Phila 
delphia.  This  office  he  held  for  nearly  sixteen 
years,  till  death  .summoned  him  to  the  skies. 

His  preaching  was  aide  and  his  ministry  success 
ful.  He  was  a  man  of  prayer  :  he  was  thoroughly 
conversant  with  the  Word  of  God  ;  he  lived  noaV 
the  Eternal,  whose;  love  lifted  his  heart  above  the 
world  and  gave  him  the  warm  regards  of  all  the 
friends  of  Jesus  with  whom  he  came  in  contact. 
Jle  died  Jan.  26,  1838,  in  the  forty-ninth  year  of 
his  age. 

Knapp,  Halsey  Wing,  D.D.,  was  born  in  the 

city  of   New  York  in  October,  1824.     His  father, 
Rev.  Henry   R.    Knapp,    was   a  successful    Baptist 
minister,  and   his    mother   a  woman    of  piety   and 
force  of  character.     In   his  youth  and  early  man 
hood  he  was  impulsive,  energetic,  and  jovial  lead 
ing  a  restless  life,  some  years  of  which  were  spent 
at   sea.     In    1846    he   settled   in    business   in    New 
York.     He  was  converted  in  1857,  and  in  1858  was 
Oi'dained  to  the  ministry  by  a  Council  of  the  Baptist 
churches  of  New  York.     From  this  time  his  career 
has  been  especially  eventful.     His  pastorates  have 
been  at  West  Farms  and  Hudson  City,  and  in  New 
York    City   with    the    South,    Pilgrim,  and    Light 
Street    churches.     These    important    positions    he 
has  filled   and  at  the   same  time  conducted   an  ex 
tensive  business.     During  nineteen  years  of  pulpit 
service  he  lias  given   away  his  entire  salary  to  re 
ligions   and   benevolent   objects.     He  daily  trans 
acts   business,  preaches   every  night  in  the  week, 
during  revival  seasons  traveling  at  night  to  keep 
his    appointments,    without    any    expense    to    the 
churches,  and  he   often   gives   largely  of  his  own 
means  to  assist  new  churches.     His  donations  are 


without  ostentation,  and  aggregate  many  thou 
sands  of  dollars.  As  a  preacher  Dr.  Knapp  is 
eloquent  and  impressive,  and  he  is  greatly  beloved 
by  his  denomination.  A  Western  college  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  D.D.  in  1876. 

Knapp,  Rev.  Henry  Reynolds,  was  born  in 

the  city  of  New  York  Dec.  6.  1X00:  ,.„„ verted  at  the 
age  of  twenty-four;  with  his  half-brother.  Wil 
liam,  organized  a  Sunday-school  and  preaching 
service  in  the  basement  of  his  father's  house,  out  of 
which  grew  the  Sixteenth  Street  Baptist  church; 
licensed  by  McDougal  Street  Baptist  church  in 
1*32;  ordained  pastor  of  (ireenport  church.  1,.  L, 
Oct.  S,  1834;  having  evangelistic  gifts,  afterwards 
settled  with  Baptist  church,  Kssex,  Conn.;  First 
Baptist  church,  New  London  ;  Baptist  church.  Pres 
ton  City;  Second  Baptist  church,  (iroton  :  church 
in  Rockville;  church  at  Rondout,  on  the  Hudson: 
returned  to  (Jreenport.  L.  I. ;  with  church  at  Noank, 
Conn.;  with  the  church  at  Hastings,  on  the  Hud 
son  ;  clear  and  forcible  preacher;  sound  in  doctrine 
and  devoted  in  labors;  his  ministry  crowned  with 
many  ^  and  happy  revivals;  occupying  different 
fields  in  order  to  do  the  most  good:  in  every  place 
honored  and  held  in  sweet  remembrance;  has  three 
sons  now  living,  Rev.  Halsey  AV.  Knapp.  D.D.. 
Kev.  Samuel  J.  Knapp,  and  Prof.  Knapp  of  Yale 
College;  had  in  his  wife  an  eminent  helpmeet; 
died  May  13,  1862,  in  his  sixty-second  year,  and 
the  thirty-first  of  his  ministry. 

Knapp,  Rev.  Jacob,  was  born  Dec.  7.  1799,  in 
Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  died  at  Rockford.  111.,  March 
3,  1874..   He  studied  at  Hamilton  in  1821-25.  and 
was   ordained  August  23  in  the  year  last  named. 
Entering  the  pastorate  at  Springfield.  Otsego  Co., 
>..  Y.,  he  remained  there  five  years;  then  removed 
to    Watertown,    N.  Y.,    whore    he   remained   three 
years.      Entering    there    upon     the    work    of    an 
''evangelist,"  he  continued  in  that  service  durin-- 
the  remaining  forty-two  years  of  his  public  minis 
try.     Fifteen  years  he  resided  at  Hamilton,  N.  Y.. 
twenty-five  upon  his  farm  near  Rockford.  111.     In 
his    revivalist  work   he   ranged   widely  over  New 
York,  New  England,  and   the  Western   States,  in 
cluding    California.      "110  preached  about  16.000 
sermons,"  says  Prof.  Spear,  of  Madison  University. 
"led  about  200  young  men  to  preach   the  gospel, 
and  baptized  4000."     Mr.  Knapp's   physique  was 
in   some  sense  a  type  of  his  mental  and  spiritual 
habit.     He  was  of  moderate  height,  strongly  built, 
with  broad  shoulders  and  a  muscular  frame   capa 
ble  of  great  endurance.     His  conspicuous  physical, 
like   his  mental,    quality   was  that   of  robustness, 
while  the  business-like  air  with  which  he  moved 
about   in    his  ordinary  avocations  was    typical  of 
the  serious,  earnest,  unflinching  way  in  which  he 
preached  and  toiled  in  the  face  of  severe  personal 
exposure  and  reproach.     His  preaching  was  doc- 


KNAPP 


663 


KXOLLYS 


trinal,  direct,  unsparing,  even  sometimes  to  the 
verge  of  coarseness ;  but  his  power  over  audiences 
was  remarkable,  and  the  fruits  of  his  long  toil  in 
his  chosen  sphere,  while  not  always  genuine,  were 
believed  in  many  cases  to  be  so,  and  always  abun 
dant.  Among  his  last  words  were,  "Oh,  I  have 
come  to  the  everlasting  hills!" 

"On  Christ  tin?  solid  rock  I  stand, 
All  other  ground  is  sinking  sand." 

He  was  buried  at  Rockford,  111.,  Drs.  Cole  and 
Osgood  and  Hon.  Messrs.  Fulton,  of  Belvidere, 
and  Holman,  of  Hock  ford,  participating  in  the 
service. 

Knapp,  William  J.,  Ph.D.,  was  born  at  Green- 
point.  Long  Island,  March  10,  1835;  received  his 
collegiate  education  in  Madison  and  Xew  York 
Universities.  At  graduation,  in  Madison,  he  was 
elected  Professor  of  Modern  Languages,  for  which 
he  possesses  remarkable  qualifications.  For  a  time 
lie  was  Professor  of  Ancient  and  Modern  Lan 
guages  in  Vassar  College.  In  18(57  New  York 
University  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Philosophy.  For  some  years  he  was 
engaged  in  successful  missionary  labors  in  Spain. 
lie  is  now  a  professor  in  Yale  College. 

Kneeland,  Rev.  Levi,  was  born  in  Mason ville, 
N.  Y.,  in  180.'] ;  converted  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  and 
united  with  the  Baptist  church  in  Masonville ;  at 
twenty  licensed  to  preach  ;  in  1824  entered  Ham 
ilton  Literary  and  Theological  Institution,  and  re 
mained  four  years;  ordained  at  Packerville,  Conn., 
Oct.  8,  1828,  with  church  just  formed;  held  meet 
ings  in  remote  neighborhoods  ;  established  branch 
church  at  Voluntown  :  preached  at  -lewett  Cit\r, 
Sterling,  and  Plainfield  ;  assisted  in  protracted 
meetings  at  Norwich  and  elsewhere ;  held  pro 
tracted  meetings  at  Packerville  every  year ;  bold, 
aggressive,  mighty  in  prayer,  powerful  in  exhorta 
tion,  full  of  illustrations,  affable,  sociable  :  intent 
on  saving  souls  and  greatly  beloved  by  his  brethren  : 
in  the  six  years  of  his  ministry  baptix.ed  more  than 
300;  died  at  Packerville,  Aug.  23,  1834,  aged 
thirty-one. 

Knight,  Rev.  Aaron  Brightwell,  A.M.,  was 

born  in  Todd  Co..  Ky.,  Fob.  24,  1824.  He  united 
with  the  Baptist  church  at  Russell  ville  in  1842, 
was  licensed  to  preach  in  1846.  and  was  ordained 
in  18.50.  lie  was  educated  at  Centre  College,  Ky., 
and  graduated  in  1845,  after  which  he  pursued  a 
three  year.v  course  at  Princeton  Theological  Sem 
inary,  in  New  Jersey.  He  received  several  natter 
ing  calls  to  city  and  village  churches,  but  preferring 
the  quiet  of  a  country  home,  after  preaching  a  short 
time  for  Salem  church  in  Christian  County,  in  his 
native  State,  he  settled  on  a  farm  in  Shelby  Co., 
Ky.,  in  1858,  where  he  still  resides.  He  has  been 
pastor  of  Burk's  Branch  church  since  1858,  and  for 
a  short  time  of  Clay  Village  church.  Since  1871 


he  has  been  pastor  at  Simpsonville  church.  In 
1863  he  was  moderator  of  the  General  Association, 
and  has  been  thirteen  years  moderator  of  Long 
Run  Association,  which  includes  the  churches  of 
Louisville.  He  was  active  in  establishing  the 
Kentucky  Female  College  at  Shelby  ville  ;  was  its 
first  president,  and  chairman  of  its  board  of  trustees 
until  it  was  destroyed  by  fire.  He  is  a  good 
preacher,  and  is  much  beloved  and  honored  by  his 
people. 

Knight,  Rev.  Richard,  author  of  the  "  History 
of  the  General  and  Six-Principle  Baptists  in  Eng 
land  and  America,''  in  two  parts  ;  and  the  son  of 
Deacon  Stephen  Knight,  was  born  in  Cranston, 
11.  I.,  Oct.  5,  1771 ;  a  descendant  of  Richard  Knight, 
one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Cranston  ;  united  with  the 
Six-Principle  Baptists  in  1804  ;  ordained  pastor  of 
the  church  in  Seituate,  R.  I.,  Oct.  19,  1809.  by  Revs. 
Westcott,  Manchester,  and  Sprague ;  served  this 
church  till  his  death  ;  favored  with  powerful  re 
vivals  ;  his  church  finally  numbered  over  400  mem 
bers  :  published  his  history  (Svo,  370  pages)  in 
1827;  occupied  his  pulpit  for  fifty-three  years  :  a 
man  of  great  worth,  industry,  and  strength  :  died 
in  Cranston,  II.  I.,  April  10,  18G3,  in  his  ninety- 
second  year. 

Knollys,  Rev.  Hanserd,  A.M.,  was  born  at 
Chalkwell,  in  Lincolnshire,  in  1598.  His  parents 
gave  their  son  religious  instruction  and  a  superior 
education.  He  was  sent  to  the  University  of  Cam 
bridge,  where  he  remained  until  he  graduated.  He 
had  some  religious  exorcises  before  he  came  to  Cam 
bridge,  but  sermons  which  he  heard  during  his 
residence  there  were  blessed  to  his  conversion. 

In  June,  1629,  he  was  ordained  by  the  Bishop 
of  Peterborough,  and  soon  after  he  received  the 
living  of  Humberstone  from  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln. 
While  at  Humberstone  he  preached  in  many  par 
ishes  beside;  his  own,  and  at  several  hours  in  the 
day.  He  frequently  proclaimed  Christ  at  Ilolton 
at  seven  in  the  morning,  at  Ilumberstonc  at  nine, 
at  Scartha  at  eleven,  and  at  Ilumberstone  again  at 
three  in  the  afternoon,  besides  preaching  on  every 
holiday.  After  he  became  a  Non-conformist  he  was 
in  the  pulpit  just  as  frequently.  For  above  forty 
years  he  delivered  three  or  four  sermons  a  week, 
and  when  he  was  in  prison  he  preached  every  day. 
While  he  was  a  clergyman  of  the  National  Church 
and  a  Conformist  he  knew  of  no  case  of  conversion 
resulting  from  his  labors,  but  when  he  set  out 
without  state  support  he  had  throngs  of  converts. 

He  was  convinced  that  many  things  in  the  Epis 
copal  Church  were  destitute  of  Scripture  warrant, 
and  he  first  resigned  his  parish,  and  then  two  or 
three  years  afterwards  his  ministry  and  member 
ship  in  the  Anglican  Church.  This  event  occurred 
in  1636.  That  year  he  was  arrested  by  order  of 
"The  High  Commission  Court,"  a  tribunal  second 


K  NOLLYS 


664 


KNOLLYS 


only  to  tlio  1  nquisition  in  wickedness,  but  by  the 
connivance  of  the  man  who  had  him  in  charge  he 
escaped.  He  started  for  New  England  by  way  of 
'London.  There  he  had  to  wait  so  long  for  a  vessel 
that  liis  entire  money  was  spent  except  six  brass 
farthings.  His  wife,  however,  was  able  to  give 
him  five  pounds.  They  were  twelve  weeks  on  their 
passage,  and  their  provisions  became  nearly  unfit 
for  use. 

\Vlien  lie  arrived  at  Boston,  which  was  in  Ifi.'JS, 
he  was  speedily  and  falsely  denounced  as  an  Anti- 
nomian,  and  though  he  met  with  some  kindness  he 
had  to  work  with  a  hoe  to  secure  his  daily  bread, 
lie  was  there  but  a  brief  time  when  he  had  an  op 
portunity  to  go  to  Dover,  then  called  Piscataway, 
in  New  Hampshire,  and  preach  the  gospel  to  the 


KEV.    HANSKRl)    KVOLLVS,    A.M. 

people  of  that  place.  That  he  was  a  Baptist  at 
this  time  we  see  no  reason  to  doubt.  Mr.  Mather 
says  in  his  "  Ecclesiastical  History  of  New  Eng 
land,1'  "I  confess  there  were  some  of  those  per 
sons  (more  than  a  score  of  emigrant  ministers  that 
had  arrived  in  Massachusetts)  whose  names  deserve 
to  live  in  our  book  for  their  piety,  although  their 
particular  opinions  were  such  as  to  be  disservice- 
able  unto  the  declared  and  supposed  interests  of 
our  churches.  Of  these  there  were  some  godly 
Anabaptists  ;  as  namely  Mr.  Hanserd  Knollys,  of 
Dover,  who,  afterwards  removing  back  to  London, 
lately  died  there,  a  good  man,  in  a  good  old  age." 
That  Mr.  Mather  was  acquainted  with  the  religious 
opinions  held  by  Hanserd  Knollys  when  he  was  in 
Dover  is  evident  to  us.  There  was  a  bitter  contro 


versy  between  two  sections  of  Mr.  Knollys'  church 
during  his  residence  there,  and  his  doctrines  un 
questionably  were  well  known,  and  Mather  speaks 
of  him  as  an  Anabaptist  when  he  came.  We  wish 
no  better  testimony  to  the  good  character  of  Ilan- 
serd  Knollys  whilst  in  Dover,  and  to  his  Baptist 
principles,  than  Mather  furnishes.  Knollys  prob 
ably  had  a  sort  of  union  church  there  for  a  time, 
such  as  Backus  had  for  a  short  period  at  Middle- 
borough.  Mr.  Lech  ford,  an  Episcopalian,  visited 
Dover  in  April,  1641,  and  he  describes  a  controversy 
existing  between  Mr.  Knollys  and  a  ministerial 
opponent  there  as  being  about  baptism  and  church 
membership.  '•  They  two,"  says  he,  "  fell  out 
about  baptizing  children,  receiving  of  members," 
etc.  And  Mr.  Knollys'  section  of  the  Dover 
church  evidently  held  Baptist  sentiments.  The 
Baptists  taught  by  Knollys,  to  escape  persecution 
from  Massachusetts,  to  which  Dover  was  recently 
united,  removed,  in  1641,  to  Long  Island.  After 
Long  Island  fell  under  the  power  of  the  English 
and  of  Episcopalianism  they  removed  again,  and 
located  permanently  in  New  Jersey,  near  New 
Brunswick,  and  they  called  their  third  American 
home  Piscataway,  after  their  first  on  this  continent. 
The  Piscataway  church  is  to-day  as  vigorous  a 
community  as  bears  the  Baptist  name  in  any  part 
of  our  broad  country. 

Mr.  Knollys  was  summoned  to  England  by  his 
aged  father,  and  on  his  return  immediately  com 
menced  to  preach  in  the  churches.  For  this  he  was 
drawn  into  frequent  troubles.  At  last  he  set  up  a 
separate  meeting  in  Great  St.  Helen's,  London, 
where  the  people  thronged  his  house,  and  his  con 
gregations  commonly  numbered  a  thousand.  For 
this  innovation  he  was  summoned  before  a  com 
mittee  of  "  The  Westminster  Assembly  of  Divines," 
by  whose  chairman  he  was  commanded  to  preach 
no  more.  But  his  ready  reply  was  that  "  he  would 
preach  the  gospel  publicly,  and  from  house  to 
house." 

In  1645  he  was  formally  ordained  pastor  of  the 
Baptist  church  which  he  had  gathered  in  London. 
This  position  he  retained  till  his  death.  His  pop 
ularity  as  a  preacher  was  very  great,  and  it  con 
tinued  till  a  late  period  of  life. 

lie  was  imprisoned  frequently  for  breaking  the 
laws  against  the  worship  of  Dissenters.  Even  in 
his  eighty-fourth  year  he  was  in  jail  six  months, 
and  just  before  his  incarceration  he  refused  to  em 
ploy  his  immense  influence  with  the  Baptists  to 
secure  their  approval  of  the  suspension  of  the 
penal  laws  by  James  II. 

He  was  a  strong  Calvinist,  a  devoted  servant  of 
God,  a  decided  Baptist,  a  firm  friend  of  every  true 
Christian,  and  a  man  of  great  learning  in  the  an 
cient  languages  and  in  general  literature.  He  was 
the  author  of  eleven  works,  among  which  was  a 


KNOWLES 


KXOU'LKS 


grammar  of  the  Latin,  (ireek,  and  Hebrew  lan 
guages.  He  was  regarded,  and  he  is  still  revered, 
as  a  shining  light  by  the  denomination  whose 
name  he  honored  and  whose  bounds  he  extended. 
He  died  in  London,  Sept.  10,  1691,  in  the  ninety- 
third  year  of  his  age. 

Knowles,  Prof.  James  Davis,  was  born  in 
Providence,  R.  I.,  in  July,  1798.  His  father  having 
died  when  he  was  but  twelve  years  old,  he  was  left 
to  the  care  of  an  affectionate  mother,  who  lived  to 
see  the  successful  career  of  her  son.  lie  was  placed 
when  quite  young  in  a  printing-office  in  Provi 
dence,  which  became  to  him  an  excellent  school  for 
the  acquisition  of  knowledge.  At  the  age  of 
twenty-one  he  became  the  co-editor  of  one  of  the 
leading  journals  of  Rhode  Island. 

It  was  about  this  time  that  he  made  a  public  pro 
fession  of  his  faith  under  Rev.  Dr.  (Jano's  ministry, 
and  he  became  a  member  of  the  First  Baptist  church 
in  Providence,  and  soon  after  was  licensed  to  preach 
the  gospel.  All  the  previous  plans  which  he  had 
formed  with  reference  to  his  future  life  were  aban 
doned,  and  he  resolved  to  give  himself  to  the  work 
of  the  ministry.  To  prepare  for  it  he  pursued  a 
course  of  theological  study  with  Dr.  Stoughton. 
first  in  Philadelphia,  and  then  in  Washington  when 
his  teacher  removed  to  that  city  to  take  charge  of 
Columbian  College. 

Along  with  his  theological  studies  he  was  able  to 
pursue  a  collegiate  course  with  such  success  that  at 
the  end  of  two  years  he  graduated  with  the  highest 
honors  of  his  class.  He  was  at  once  appointed 
tutor  in  the  college,  which  office  he  held  until  the 
summer  of  1825,  when  he  returned  to  New  Eng 
land,  having  received  a  call  to  become  the  pastor 
of  the  Second  Baptist  church  in  Boston,  as  the  suc 
cessor  of  the  venerated  Dr.  Baldwin.  He  was  or 
dained  Dec.  28,  1825.  After  a  pastorate  of  seven 
years  he  felt  compelled  to  resign  his  charge,  and 
by  a  change  of  occupation  relieve  his  overtaxed 
energies.  Having  been  appointed  Professor  of 
Pastoral  Duties  and  Sacred  Rhetoric  in  the  Newton 
Theological  Institution,  he  retired  from  the  church, 
between  which  and  himself  there  was  the  warmest 
affection.  He  found  renewed  health  in  the  position 
to  which  the  providence  of  God  had  called  him,  and 
made  his  experience  as  a  minister  of  Christ  of  the 
highest  importance  to  him  in  his  new  field  of  labor. 
It  was  during  his  connection  with  the  seminary 
that  he  conducted  the  Christian  Review  with  an 
ability  that  placed  it  among  the  best  quarterlies  in 
the  country.  Prof.  Knowles  was  the  author  of  the 
biography  of  Mrs.  Ann  Hasseltine  Judson,  one  of 
the  most  finished  memoirs  ever  published  in 
America.  He  was  also  author  of  a  memoir  of 
Roger  Williams. 

The  connection  of  Prof.  Knowles  with  the  New 
ton  Theological  Institution  terminated  very  sud- 
43 


denly.  While  on  a  visit  to  New  York  he  contracted 
the  smallpox,  and  shortly  after  his  return  sunk 
under  the  attack  and  died  May  '.),  1838,  being  within 
a  few  weeks  of  forty  years  of  age.  His  apparently 
premature  decease  was  lamented  by  all  who  knew 
him.  Prof.  Knowles  was  a  man  of  great  energy 
and  indomitable  will.  His  life  was  one  of  dili 
gence,  and  of  quiet  but  persistent  work.  He  was 
not  to  be  led  aside  from  the  performance  of  his 
duties  by  the  temptations  of  ease  or  by  difficulties 
besetting  his  path.  The  denomination  has  cause 
for  rejoicing  in  his  devotedness  to  the  service  of 
Christ. 

Knowles,  J.  Sheridan,  author  of  '•  Virginias" 
and  other  dramas  of  great  literary  excellence  and 
celebrity,  joined  the  Baptist  church  at  Torquay, 
Devon,  England,  in  1847.  when  he  was  about  sixty 
years  of  age.  He  had  maintained  a  high  moral  char 
acter  throughout  his  literary  career,  but  received 
no  serious  religious  impressions  until  late  in  life. 
The  semi-popery  prevalent  in  the  Established 
Church  at  Torquay,  where  he  resided,  disgusted 
him,  and  he  resorted  to  the  Baptist  meeting-house, 
where,  under  the  ministry  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  King, 
he  found  the  joy  of  salvation.  Soon  after  his  con 
version  he  went  forth  as  an  evangelist,  and  crowds 
came  together  to  hear  him.  Always  a  graceful  elo 
cutionist,  his  reading  of  the  Scriptures  was  very 
impressive.  Until  his  death,  which  took  place 
Nov.  30,  1862.  he  manifested  the  deepest  interest 
in  evangelical  Christianity  and  a  firm  attachment 
to  Baptist  principles.  His  eminent  literary  ser 
vices  were  recognized  by  the  government,  and  a 
pension  was  awarded  him,  which,  after  his  death, 
was  continued  to  his  widow. 

Knowles,  Deacon  Levi,  a  merchant  of  Phila 
delphia,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  18  V,\.  He  early 
commenced  business,  and  determined  to  pursue 
it  with  energy  and  industry.  He  began  life  with 
out  the  advantage  of  capital,  but  resolved  to  use 
all  the  talent  he  possessed  to  succeed.  He  joined 
the  church  in  his  youth,  adopting  the  Baptist 
faith,  that  had  been  handed  down  through  two 
generations  in  his  family.  lie  gave  some  of  his 
best  efforts  to  the  Sunday-school  cause  and  other 
objects  of  benevolence.  He  was  unanimously 
elected  a  deacon  in  three  different  churches  while 
he  was  in  their  membership.  His  services  were 
sought  for  to  take  charge  of  the  funds  of  various 
organizations,  for  twelve  of  which  he  is  now  treas 
urer,  and  in  none  of  which  is  any  compensation 
given.  His  firm  has  maintained  its  credit  through 
all  the  vicissitudes  and  panics  of  years.  Mr. 
Knowles  is  familiar  with  the  great  writers  of  the 
past  and  present,  lie  married  wisely  and  was 
blessed  with  children,  in  whose  society  he  spends 
many  of  his  happiest  hours.  He  is  strong  in  his 
friendships,  liberal  in  his  gifts,  and  one  of  the  pil- 


KXOWLKX 


lars  of  tlic  Baptist  denomination  in  Philadelphia. 
Mrs.  Knowles,  with  rare  wisdom  and  generous 
giving,  lias  made  the  Baptist  Home  of  Philadel 
phia,  of  which  slie  is  president.  OIK;  of  the  most 
successful  institutions  of  its  class  on  either  side  of 
the  Atlantic. 

Knowles,  William  B.,  son  of  Deacon  Levi  and 
Mrs.  K.  A.  Knowles,  was  horn  in  Philadelphia, 
Feb.  'JO,  IS4S.  and  died  Sept.  ±>.  1X75,  at  the  early 
age  of  twenty-seven  years.  Mr.  Knowles  was  pos 
sessed  of  fine  natural  abilities,  and.  in  addition  to  a 
liberal  education,  he  received  a  thorough  training 
for  mercantile  pursuits,  enabling  him  in  early  man 
hood  to  occupy  a  prominent  position  in  the  busi 
ness  community  of  his  native  city.  As  a  member 
of  the  firm  of  L.  Knowles  &  Co.,  so  widely  and 
honorably  known,  he  was  brought  into  relations 
with  merchants  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  and 
gained  by  his  deportment  and  honorable  bearing  a 
wide  circle  of  friends. 

The  Christian  character  of  William  B.  Knowles 
was  an  exemplification  of  the  great  beauty  and 
usefulness  that  the  Lord  often  causes  to  be  mani 
fested  in  a  life  devoted  from  tender  years  to  his 
service.  Very  early  he  gave  clear  evidence  of  a 
change  of  heart,  and  at  the  age  of  twelve  he  spoke 
of  his  love  for  Jesns  to  the  Tabernacle  church  of 
Philadelphia,  and  on  the  last  Lord's  Day  in  Feb 
ruary,  I860,  he  was  "  buried  with  Christ  in  bap 
tism.'1 

From  this  date  until  his  triumphant  death  his 
life  was  one  of  faith  manifested  by  works.  Clerk 
of  Beth-Eden  church  from  its  organization,  active 
in  the  Sunday-school,  young  people's  association, 
and  in  the  prayer-meetings  of  the  church,  he  was 
always  solicitous  for  the  spiritual  interests  of  Zion. 
In  his  daily  life  he  commended  to  others  the  re 
ligion  of  the  Lord  Jesus  by  maintaining  a  high 
Christian  reputation.  In  his  early  bloom,  just  as 
the  promise  of  his  youth  began  to  be  fulfilled,  he 
passed  away,  and,  to  use  his  last  faint  words,  he 
was  "  Safe,  safe  in  the  arms  of  Jesus." 

His  loss  was  severely  felt,  and  the  most  tender 
sympathy  was  expressed  for  his  parents  and  loving 
wife  by  the  Commercial  Exchange  of  Philadel 
phia,  merchants  in  this  .and  other  cities,  and  by 
ministers  and  hosts  of  brethren  in  the  Christian 
faith. 

Knowlton,  Miles  Justin,  D.D.,  was  born  in 
West  AVardsborough,  Vt.  Feb.  8,  1X25.  Both  his 
parents  were  persons  of  more  than  ordinary  excel 
lence  of  character,  and  took  the  deepest  interest  in 
the  early  development  of  their  son.  He  prepared 
for  college  at  West  Townsend,  and  completed  both 
his  collegiate  and  his  theological  course  at  Hamil 
ton.  Near  the  close  of  his  college  course  he  seems 
to  have  had  a  fresh  baptism  of  the  Holy  Ghost, 
which  was  followed  bv  a  new  and  thorough  conse- 


«>  KRISHNA    PAL 

oration  of  himself  to  any  work  which  his  Lord  had 
for  him  to  do.  A  missionary  life,  either  at  home 
or  abroad,  appeared  to  him  to  lie  that  to  which  he 
regarded  it  both  as  a  privilege  and  a  duty  to  devote 
himself.  At  length  his  mind  settled  upon  the 
foreign  field,  and  he  offered  himself  to  the  Mis 
sionary  Union  and  was  accepted,  and  China  was 
designated  as  the  field  of  his  labor.  He  was  or 
dained  in  his  native  town  Oct.  X,  1X53,  and  soon 
after  sailed  for  China,  arriving  at  Ningpo  in  .June. 
1X54,  which  henceforth  was  to  be  his  home,  and 
where  he  was  to  labor  as  a  servant  of  the  Lord 
Jesus  Christ.  There  lie  continued  for  a  little  more 
than  twenty  years,  deducting  two  years  for  his 
temporary  sojourn  in  this  country,  whither  he  had 
come  to  recover  his  shattered  health.  With  single 
ness  of  aim  and  the  utmost  persistency  he  gave 
himself  to  the  one  great  business  of  preaching 
"the  glorious  gospel  of  the  blessed  God''  to  the 
Chinese.  In  season  and  out  of  season  he  deter 
mined  to  know  only  one  thing  among  the  heathen, 
and  that  was  the  gospel  of  Christ.  He  was  full 
of  energy  and  moral  heroism,  and  he  knew  how  to 
kindle  the  enthusiasm  in  the  souls  of  others  which 
he  felt  in  his  own. 

Dr.  Knowlton,  in  Ningpo.  did  not  spare  himself 
if  he  might  but  win  souls  to  Christ.  At  the  post 
of  labor  he  was  found  when  death  came  to  him.  on 
the  10th  of  September,  1X74.  It  is  thus  that  the 
executive  board  speak  of  him  in  their  sixty-first 
annual  report:  ''With  what  earnestness,  what 
zeal,  what  love  for  Christ  and  the  souls  of  men. 
what  devotion  to  the  special  evangelization  of  tin- 
great  empire  of  China,  and  with  what  success  in 
his  personal  work  as  a  missionary  of  the  cross, 
our  lamented  Brother  Knowlton  gave  himself  to 
his  life-work  for  twenty  years,  is  partially  and  im 
perfectly  recorded  in  the  history  of  your  work  in 
China,  but  it  is  all  registered  in  completeness  in 
the  book  above.  lie  died  in  the  city  of  Ningpo, 
on  the  10th  of  September  last,  in  the  very  midst  of 
his  usefulness.  China  mourns." 

Knox,  Rev.  George,  was  born  in  Saco,  Me.. 
Oct.  24,  1810,  and  fitted  for  college  at  the  academy 
in  Yarmouth,  Me.  Tie  graduated  at  Waterville 
College,  in  the  class  of  1X40.  Having  spent  a  year 
at  the  Newton  Theological  Institution,  he  Avas  or 
dained  as  pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  in  Topsham, 
Me.,  where  he  remained  for  four  years,  when  he 
removed  to  Cornish,  where  he  was  pastor  two  years, 
and  then  to  Lewiston,  where  his  relation  with  the 
Baptist  church  in  that  city  continued  for  thirteen 
years.  He  had  two  brief  pastorates  after  leaving 
Lewiston,  one  at  Brunswick,  and  the  other  at  Law 
rence,  Mass.  While  acting  as  chaplain  of  the  3d 
Me.  Regiment  in  the  late  war  he  died,  in  Virginia, 
Oct.  31,  1864. 

Krishna  Pal  was  the  first  Hindoo  led   into  the 


BINDING  SECT.      FEB  6     1981 


PLEASE  DO  NOT  REMOVE 
CARDS  OR  SLIPS  FROM  THIS  POCKET 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  LIBRARY 


Gathcart,  William  [ed.] 
Baptist  encyclopaedia,