Full text of "The Baptist encyclopaedia : a dictionary ... of the general history of the Baptist denomination in all lands; with numerous biographical sketches of distinguished American and foreign Baptists, and a supplement"

T i I E

BAPTIST ENCYCLOPEDIA.

A DICTIONARY.,

THE DOCTRIXES, ORI)IXAX( 1 ES, USAGES, ( 1 OXFESSIOXS OF FAITH,

SUFFERINGS, LABORS, AXI) SUCCESSES, AXD) OF TILE

GENERAL HISTORY OF THE

BAPTIST DENOMINATION IN ALL LANDS.

WITH

NUMEROUS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF DISTINGUISHED AMERICAN AND
FOREIGN BAPTISTS. AND A SUPPLEMENT.

KDITKD IJV

WILLIAM CATIICART, D.I).,

AITHOI: ()! "TIII: PAI-AI. SYSTUM," "rfii; IIAITISTS AND TIIK AMKKICAN UKVOM TIOV," AND

"TIIK BAI TISM OF TIIK ACKS."

WITH MANY I LLl ST RATIONS. / Q ^^ft

I II 1 L A J) K I, I II I A :

LOUIS H. EVKRTS.

1881.

PREFACE.

THE preparation of such a work as this imposes a vast responsibility and an
immense amount of labor. Years of study devoted to the subjects embraced in it,
and the assistance of brethren of distinguished ability, encouraged the Editor to
undertake its compilation.

The Baptists are the parents of absolute religious liberty wherever it exists in
Christian nations. They founded the first great Protestant Missionary Society of
modem times. Through the counsels of a Baptist the British and Foreign Bible
Society was established, and in it every Bible Society in the world. Baptists have been
the warmest friends of civil liberty in all great struggles for freedom. Their fifty col
leges and theological seminaries, and their numerous and splendid academies, show their
dee}) interest in education. The religious press is sending forth through their ninety-five
periodicals an unsurpassed amount of sanctified literature. Governors, judges, generals,
educators, philanthropists, authors, ministers, and benefactors of great distinction and in
large numbers have been identified with our denomination. Baptist missionaries in the
Fast have gathered glorious harvests for Jesus; and in our own land they have toiled
everywhere with heaven-given enthusiasm. In this country there are 20,000 Baptist
churches, and 2,290,327 members ; and in all lands there are 30,091) churches of our
faith, with 2,709,389 members. There are not less than eight millions of persons be
longing to the Baptist denomination. And besides these, our principles are extensively
held by members of other communities.

Dr. Chalmers, at the close of a very able sermon on infant baptism, pays this trib
ute to our British brethren: "Let it never be forgotten of the Particular Baptists of
England that they form the denomination of Fuller, and Carey, and Ityland, and Hall,
and Foster; that they have originated among the greatest of all missionary enterprises;
that they have enriched the Christian literature of our country with authorship of the
most exalted piety, as well as of the first talent and the first eloquence; that they have
waged a very noble and successful war with the hydra of Antinomianism ; that perhaps
there is not a more intellectual community of ministers in our island, or who have put
forth to their number a greater amount of mental power and mental activity in the de
fense and illustration of our common faith; and, what is better than all the triumphs
of genius and understanding, who, by their /eai and fidelity, and pastoral labor among
the congregations which they have reared, have done more to swell the lists of genuine
discipleship in the walks of private society, and thus both to uphold and to extend the

living Christianity of our nation." (Lectures on Romans, Lecture XIV., p. 7(5. New
York, 18(&gt;:J.) This is a just tribute to our British brethren, coining gracefully from the
greatest of Scotch preachers, and with equal appropriateness every word of it might be
applied to the Baptists of America.

The Baptists began their denominational life under the ministry of the Saviour.
They llourished at various periods iit the gloomy ages between the first, great apostasy
and the Reformation of the sixteenth century. And in the coming conquests of truth
thev are destined to spread over the world, and unfurl their banner of truth over every
home and heart of Adam s family, upon which the finger of inspiration has inscribed the
words, "One Lord, one faith, one baptism."

The Editor has aimed to give sketches of distinguished Baptists everywhere, living
and dead; of the important events of Baptist history; of ancient Baptist Confessions
of Faith ; of the scattered and persecuted communities that held Baptist principles in the
bleak centuries of triumphant Romanism; and of all doctrines, practices, and usages
peculiar to Baptists. lie has designed to plaee before the reader a grand "conspectus"
of the Baptists, their principles, institutions, monuments, labors, achievements, and suf
ferings throughout the world and throughout the Christian ages.

Biography is used extensively in this work. From the earliest times it has been
employed to impart historical information. Plutarch s "Lives" have traveled down the
ages for eighteen hundred years with unfailing interest, giving invaluable sketches of the
greatest events and of the mightiest men of the far-distant past. Maeaulay s biographies,
in his " Essays" and in his great "History," describe occurrences and men in a form that
impresses and fascinates. But while biography is a conspicuous feature of the " Encyclo
paedia," it has also an immense number of purely historical and doctrinal articles.

If the learned Thomas Wilson Haynes had completed his "Baptist Cyclopaedia," the
first volume of which was issued in Charleston, S. C., in 1848, the editor would have
been relieved of a portion of his labor, and Baptist churches would have been blessed
by a work of great value; but unfortunately "the first volume of Part I." was the last
that came from the press.

Among the able brethren who have rendered assistance to the Ivlitor he would name
President II. G. Weston, J).l)., Pennsylvania; Thomas Armitage, D.I)., New York;
J. L. M. Curry, D.D., LL.D., Virginia; J. M. Pendleton, D.D., Pennsylvania; George
W. Samson, D.D., New York; William T. Brantly, D.D., Maryland; II. A. Tupper,
D.I)., Virginia; J. C. Long, D.D., LL.D., Pennsylvania; T. J. Conant, D.I)., New
York; M. Ilillsman, D.D., Tennessee; J. A. Edgren, D.D., Illinois; J. V. Scofield,
D.D., Missouri; Rev. R. S. Duncan, Missouri; Rev. T. A. Gill, U.S.X., Pennsyl
vania; C. C. Bitting, D.D., Maryland; Franklin Wilson, D.D., Maryland; Professor
S. M. Shute, D.D., District of Columbia; Professor A. H. Newman, New York; C. E.
Barrows, D.I)., Rhode Island ; Rev. Frederick Denison, Rhode Island; J. C. Stockbridge,
D.D., Rhode Island; Rev. II. G. Moses, New Jersey; H. F. Smith, D.D., New Jersey;
H. L. Wayland, D.D., Pennsylvania; Rev. J. G.Walker, Pennsylvania; George M.
Spratt, D.D., Pennsylvania; A. J. Rowland, D.D., Pennsylvania; Col. C. II. Banes,

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

Adams, S. W 12

Albanv, Emmanuel Baptist

Church 19

Alexander, John 1289

Allen, Alanson 22

Anderson, Galusha 31

Anderson, (Jeo. W 32

Anderson, M. 1? 33

Anderson, Thos. 1) 36

Andrews, lleddin, Jr 30

Armitage, Thos 10

Arnold, Albert N 41

Arnold, Samuel G 42

Atlanta Theological Seminary.... 47

Backus, Isaac 52

Bacon, Joel Smith 54

Bailey, C. T 57

Bailey, Silas 59

Bailey, Thomas M fiO

Bainbridge, W. F til)

Baldwin, (Jeo C 62

Baldwin, Thomas 03

Baltimore, Eutaw Place Baptist

Church

Banes, Clias. H

Ban vanl, Joseph

Baptistery of Milan 73

Barlow, J&gt;. X 7!)

Barney, Eliam E 81

Barratt, J 82

Barrows, C. E 843

Bateman, Calvin A 84

Battle, Archibald J 8(i

Baylor, R. E. B 89

Baylor University 90

Beebee, Alex. M 93

Benedict, David

Benedict Institute

Benedict, Stephen

Berry, Joel 11 97

Bethel College 98

Bishop, Nathan 102

Bitting, C. C KI3

Bixby, Moses II 103

Bliss, Geo. llipley 106

Blitch, Jos. Luke 107

Eor.rdinan, Geo. Dana 108

Boise, James Robinson 110

Borum, Jo-eph Henry 115

Bostick, J.s. M 110

Bosworth, (Jeo. Win 1 18

Bouic, Win. Veirs 1 19

Botitelle, Timothy 120

Boyce Jaines Pettigru .

Bo.vil, Willurd W

Boykin, Samuel

Boykin, Thomas Cooper

Branham, Isham 11

Brantly, John J

Brantly, Win. T., Jr

Bravman, Mason

Brayton, Geo. Arnold

Bridgman, C. D. W

Briggs, George Nixon ,

Bioadus, John Albert

Brooks, Kendall 142

Brotherton, Marshall 143

Brown, Joseph E 146

Brown, Nicholas 150

Brown University 153

Buchanan, James 156

Buck, William Calmes 156

Buckbee, Charles Alvah 157

Buokner, Robert C 158

Bunyan in Bedford Jail 160

Burehett, G. J 163

Burleson. Ruf us C Hit

Biirlingham, Aaron 11 165

Burlington Collegiate Institute... 165

Hurney, Thomas J 167

Bush, Aha 171

Cade, Baylus

Caldwell, Samuel L

Carey, Geo. M. W

Carev, William

Carroll, B. II

Carter, John W

Castle. John Harvard

Caswell, Alexis

Catheart. William

Champlin. James Tift

Chaplin, Charles Crawford...
Chase, I rah

Chaudoin, W. N

Chicago Baptist Union The(

cal Seminary

Chicago, First Baptist Chun

Chicago, University of

Chowan Female Institute....

Chown, J. P

Christian, Joseph

174

175
181
182
186
189
190
191
196
200
203
205
207

Church, Ph a reel his

Clovis, Baptism of.

Coburn, Abner

Cocke, Charles Lewis...

Colby Academy

Colby, Anthony

Colby, Gardner

Colby University

Cole, Addison L

Cole, Isaac

Cole, Nathan

Coleman. James Smith..

Colgate Academy

Colgate, William

Conant, John

Conant, Thomas J

Cone, Silencer llouirhto

121
1 23
124
125
127
127
128
129
131
132
133
139

Cook Academy

Cook, Richard Briscoe..

Cooper, Jaines

Cooper, Mark A

Corcoran, William Wils
Corey, Charles Henry...

Cotton, John II

Courtney, Franklin

Cramp, John M

Crane, Cephas B

Crane, Jaines C

Crane, William

210
215
219
221
221
224
235
238
239
240
241
242
243
245
245
246
247
248
250
260
261
263
271

Crane, William Carey 289

Craw ley, Edmund Albern 292

Creath, Joseph W. D 293

Crosby, Moreau S 296

Crozer, John Price 298

Crozer Theological Seminary 299

Cummings, E. E 300

Curry, J. L. M 301

Cuthbert, James II 304

Pargan, J. 0. B 308

Davidson. Thomas Leslie 309

Davies. Daniel 310

Davis, (Jeo. F 311

Davis, John 313

Dawson, John Edmonds 1298

Day. Henry 318

Deane, Richard 322

Denison, Frederic 327

Denison University 328

Donovan, Joshua 1299

De Votie, J. II 331

Diekerson, James Stokes 332

Dickinson, A. E 333

Dillard, Ryland Thompson 334

Dockery. Alfred 338

Dodge, Daniel 339

Dodge, Ebene/.er 340

Duncan. James Henry 347

Durfee, Thomas 352

272
274
275
278
279
281
283
286
287
287
288

Earle, T. J 355

Eaton, (Jeo. W 357

Eddy, Daniel C 359

Elder, Joseph F 3&gt;i?

Elliott, Victor A 366

England, House in which the
Baptist Missionary Society was

formed 370

Expy.T.U 379

Estes, Hiram Cushnian 380

Evans, Benjamin 381

Evans, Christmas 382

Everts, William W 385

Ewart, Thomas W 386

Ferguson, William , 807

Field, James G 392

Field, S. W 393

Fish, Henry Clay 394

Fisher, Thomas Jefferson 397

Fleischmann. Konrad A 399

Foljambe, S. W- 403

Ford. Samuel Howard 405

Foster. John 407

! Fox, Norman 410

i Franklin College 413

j French, George R 1302

i French, James 418

! Fristoe, Edward T 419

i Fuller, Andrew 421

Fuller, Richard 423

Furman, J. C 426

Furman, Richard, Sr 426

Furman University 427

Fyfe, Robert A 428

PREFACE. 5

Pennsylvania; B. F. Dennison, Fsq., Pennsylvania ; James Buttervvorth, Esq., Pennsyl
vania; Rev. ). P. Hetric, Pennsylvania; Rev. B. 1). Thomas, Pennsylvania; W. Fred.
Snyder, Ks&lt;|., Pennsylvania; Rev. J. W. Willmarth, Pennsylvania ; Rev. James Waters,
Tennessee; Joseph II. Bonim, D.I)., Tennessee; Rev. Isaac Willmarth, Pennsylvania ;
Justin A. Smith, D.D., Illinois; President Kendall Brooks, D.I)., Michigan ; Rev. I).
\ ]. Ilaltemaii, Wisconsin; J. R. Murphy, D.I)., Iowa; President W. T. Stott, D.D.,
Indiana; Rev. S. Boy kin, Georgia ; President T. II. Pritchard, I). I)., North Carolina ;
W. J&gt;. Carson, D.I)., South Carolina; W. Pope Yeaman, I). I)., Missouri; J. II. Spencer,
D.I)., Kentucky; Rev. R. P&gt;. Cook, Delaware; Rev. M. Bibb, West Virginia; Ilev. J.
S. (itibelmann, Pennsylvania; President W. Carey Crane, D.D., LL.D., Texas; J. J. I).
Renfroe, D.D., Alabama; Rev. William Wilder, Iowa; II. J. Kddy, I). I)., New York;
Rev. W. N. Chaudoin, Florida; Rev. W. K. Paxton, Arkansas; C. A. Buckbee, D.D.,
California; Rev. O. A. Williams, Nebraska; Rev. (Jeorge Armstrong, Nova Scotia;
Francis Jennings, Rsq., Pennsylvania; Hon. II. C. Jones, Pennsylvania; William M.
Lawrence, I). I)., Illinois; (). X. Worden, Esq., Pennsylvania; S. Haskell, D.D., Michigan;
Rev. J. D. King, Toronto.

That the work may be a blessing to Baptists, and to all who love the triumphs of
grace, and that it may be useful to students of history generally, is the earnest wish of

AVI LLI AM CATHCART.

PHU.ADEI.PIII A, Ortulwr, 1881.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

I AGE

430

Keen, Joseph

1&gt;AGK

040
641
643
645

I AUE

New York, First Baptist Church.. 849
Nisbet, Ebene/er 851

134

Keen, William Williams

436

Keith. Geo. II

Noel, Baptist W 852

Garrett 11 1"

438

Northrup, (i. W 857

Germany, Hamburg Missi
Chapel

&gt;n
149

Keridriek, Adin A
Kendriek, Nathaniel

046
64 S

Norton. E. H 858
Nott, Abner Kingman 858

Gill, John.
Gillette A 1)

.. 453

45.")

Kennard, Joseph Ilugg
Kerr, John

649
053
054
650
601
604

608
670
671
672

Nugent, George 864
Olney, Edward 868

45 ")

1C ifVm William ...

( &gt; !"" 1

402 ! Kilpatrick. J. H. T

Oncken, John Gerhard 809

Gr -es I 1

466 Kiiiiii-v. Robert Crouch

O Neall, John Belton 870

Graves, Samuel

.. 4(58

Knollys, Hanserd

Owen, Alfred 877
Palmer, Albert Gallatin 880

47 )

C &gt;, r T 1

474

Landnim, Sylvanus

Palmer. Ethan B 880

Griffith, Benjamin

.. 476
479

Lasher, Geo. William

Palmer, Lvman 881

Parmlv, Wheelock 11 885

Hickett II B

48. !

673
074

Pattison, Robert E 887

Pattison, T. Harwood 888

486

Learning, First Baptist Seminary

077
681

Patton, Alfred S 888

]&gt; 1 V

440

Paxton, William Edwards 890

49. .

Lee, Franklin &gt; ...

Peddie Institute 894

H-mn-i T A T

491

Lei and, John

682

Peddie, John 895

.. 495

Leland University
Leslie, Preston II

6S3
6S5

Peddie. Thomas B 896
Pepper, G. D. 15 905

496

497

Leverin", Charles

OSS

Peto, Samuel Morton 910

498

6SS

Phelps Svlvanus Drvdcn 910

IT ; I

4 ( l t

Lew John P

690

Philadelphia, Baptist Home of... 917
Philadelphia, Fifth Baptist
Church 911

I. . .,, T. , I. 1

501

Lewis, Henry Clay

091
093
703
705
713
710
718

721

7 9

508

Lincoln, 11 em an

Philadelphia,, Memorial Baptist
Church 915

508

Link, J. B

.. 510

Lofton, Geo. Augustus

Philadelphia, Second Baptist
Church of 919

Hawthorne J li

512

Loomis, Justin 11

5 1 3

Pingry, William M 922

P ^

519

Louisville. Ivy., Walnut Street

Pitman, John 923

Hill iHvid J

523

Baptist Church

Posey, Humphrey 928

Hill ^tephen 1*

524

Lowry M P

Post, Albert L 928

525

Potter, Walter McD 930

Hobbs ^inith M

530

Pritchard. T. II 940

530

Lush. Sir Robert

727

Providence, First Baptist Church
of 946

Holmes Willet

539

Luther John Hill

. 542

Mabie, 11. C

Macarthur, Robert Stewart

1308
730
7.".1

Puryear, Bennet 951

Hornberger, Lewis 1

.. 543
544

Quincy, Josiah 952

546

Rand, Theodore Harding 955

. 547

Maclav, Archibald

732

548

Randolph, Warren 957

Iloyt J lines M

Ma rr oon, Elias Lvinan

7:!9
710
712

Rauschenbusch, Augustus 959

55:5

Maleoin, Howard

Rawdon College 960

Hubb ird Rich ird Bennett

) "&gt; i

Mallarv Charles Dutton

Ray 1) B 960

llufh im I ])

Manly Basil.. .

744

745
748
758
759
762
768
768
769
770
773
774
777
779
783
792

558

Manning, James

Regent s Park College 967

t nton \ lonirim I

560

Marcv, William Learned

Renfroe, J.J.I) 969

. 503

Mason, Su inner R

Rhodes, Elisha Hunt 978

Mather Asher E

Lie, Gco. 15

.. 568
. 5S5

Maxey, Samuel Bell

Richmond, First Baptist Church
of 985

McCune, Henry K
Me Daniel, James

Robins, Henry E 995
Robinson, Exekiel Gilman 990

Ive s Dwi"lit

587

McDonald, Charles J

588

Mclntosh, W. 11

Robinson, Robert 997

.. 589

McMaster, William

Rochester Theological Seminary. 1000
Rochester, University of 1002
Rochester University (Sibley
Hall) 1003

McPherson, William
Mell, Patrick Hughes

. 59. !

595

597

Rothwell, Andrew 101 1

J 11

Rowland, A. Judson 11113

fiO 1

Milton, John

796

810

815
8 1 5
821

822
824

828
829
830

Roynll, William 1014

(505

Montague Robert L

.. 007

Morgan, Abel

Sage, Adoniram Judson 1021

John&lt;on W 15

. 009

Morgan. T. J

Jones David

.. 610

Mount Pleasant College
Mul ford Horatio J....

Salter, Melville Judson 1023
Samson. Gco. Whitefield 1024

617

.. 019

Murdock, John Nelson

San Francisco, First Baptist
Church of 1028

Jones T (J

.. 620

Nashville, First Colored Baptist
Church of

021

Sawyer, Artemus W 1031

623

Schotield, J. V 1034
Searcy, James B 1037

020

Judson, Mrs. Ann Hasseltine...

.. 028
633

\eale Rolliu Ileber

Sears Barnas .. 1038

Newman, Albert Henry

839
839
845

Semple, Robert B 1040
Shailer, William H 1044

.. 637

Newton Theological Seminarv....

Shallenbereer. Win. S.... .. 1046

OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Sharp, Daniel

I AOK

1047
1048
1053
1 055

1058
1067
10118
1070
1072
1073
1076

loss

1090

Thomas, B. D

PAGE

.... 1147

PACE

1223

Shaver, David

1 149

Welch Bartholomew T

12 6

Sherwood, Adiel

Thresher. Kbene/.i
Ticknor, William
Toronto. Canaila,
Baptist Church i
Tremont Temple,
Tucker, Henry Ho
Tupper, Henry All

.. 1151

Weston Henry (J

Shorter, John (iill

)

.... 1153

Wharton, Morton Bryan

1235

Shutc, Samuel M

Jarvis Si;
f .. ..

cer.
.... 11(10

Wiber", Andreas

1240

Smiih, James Wheaton

Wilder, William

124 !

Smith, John Lawrence

Joston

.... 1163

William Jewell Colle- e

1246

Smith, Justin A

Icomhc

.... 1171

Williams J W M

1 9 4S

Smith, Samuel Francis

en...

. . . 1 174

Order
I j2&lt;j

Smith William K

1 1 75

Kxile, i ac simile of
of... .

South Jersey Institute

Turner, Thomas...

.... 1176

Spalding, Albert Theodore

Tustin, Francis W
Van II usan, Caleb.

i viand

.... 1178

1326

Speight, Joseph Warren

.... 1187

Williams William li

1 ") "&gt;

Spratt, (ieo. M

19 .-,7

Spratt, (ieo. S....

1 092
1093

109 1

Vassar College

.... 1190

1258

Spurgeon, Charles II addon

Vaughan, William

.... 1191

Win. site. W. M

1261

1 1 !. !

Winkler. Mdwin Theodore
Womack B R

1 01

Stau lit on, William

1309
1101

1107

1110
1 109

Yince, Charles

. . . . 1191

1 (18

Waco University...

.... 1197

Woodburn I! F

1272

Still ma n, Samuel

Woods Alva

1273

St. Louis. Mo., Second Baptist

AVake Forest Colle
Walker, Jacob (iai
Walter, Thomas U

r e

1 1 99

1 9 77

rett

.... 1202

1279

Stoekbridge, John Calvin

.... 1207

1282

1115

Ward Milan L

1 &gt;()&lt;)

Yates, M. T

1 283

Strong, Augustus II
Sutlield Literary Institution

1119
1 297
1 T 2

Warren. Iv W
Watts, Thomas Hi

.... 1212

.... 1218

Yeanum. W Pope

1283

12 L

Youii" (!eor&lt; c Whitelield

1 2S5

Swan, Jabez Smith

1125

Wayland, Francis.

.. 1222

Younir. Robert F

.. 1286

THE

BAPTIST ENCYCLOPAEDIA.

Aaron, Rev. Samuel, was born in New Britain,
Pa.. Oct. 19, 1800. In 18:26 the Saviour found him
and washed him in his blood. In 18:29 he was or
dained as pastor of the New Britain church. Sub
sequently lie took charge of the Burlington, N. J.,
High School, and of the Baptist church in that
place. In 1841 he removed to Norristown, Pa.,
founded the Tremont Seminary there, and served
the Baptist church as pastor. Afterwards he ac
cepted the call of the church in Mount Holly,
N. J., where he ended his earthly labors, and en
tered upon the eternal rest, in the sixty-fifth year
of his age.

Mr. Aaron was a fine scholar and a man of ex
traordinary ability. His logic was irresistible.
He was the natural leader of his associates. He
was not afraid to differ from a whole community,
nor could the penalties inflicted upon independent
thinking move him. He uttered his convictions
with a manly boldness, and he sustained them with
great power. Few cared to encounter him in de
bate, and large numbers admired his great intel
lect and his Christian deportment. lie lived an
earnest Christian life, and he died in the Saviour s
peace.

Abbe, Prof. Cleveland, was born in the city of
New York, Dec. 3, 1838, and graduated from the
New York City Free College in 1857. He united
wirh a Baptist church in that city in 185: ), and has
been actively engaged in Sunday-school work, lie
is at present a member of the Calvary Baptist
church, Washington, D. C. During 185 J-OO he
was instructor of Mathematics and Engineering in ;
the University of Michigan, and for a short time
in the Agricultural College of that _State. From |
1800 to 1864 he was engaged in the United States
Coast Survey under Dr. B. A. Gould, at Cambridge,
2

| Mass. In 1865-66 he visited the European ob
servatories. During 1867-68 he was an assistant
at the Naval Observatory, Washington, D. C.
From 1868 to 1870 he was director of the Cincin
nati Observatory, where, among other labors, he
established and carried on a system of daily tele
graphic weather reports and predictions, and issued
a Daily Weather Bulletin for the Cincinnati
Chamber of Commerce, which began in ISO!), and
which rapidly developed into the present national
system of weather u probabilities." In January,
1871, he was called to the responsible position of
meteorologist of tin; Weather Bureau of the Army
Signal-Office, where he compiled the published
weather probabilities, the storm-signals, monthly
reviews, and international bulletin, and where lie
still officiates. Prof. Abbe has made numerous val
uable contributions to scientific journals, especially
the American Journal of Science, Monthly Notices,
J!oy&lt;d Astronomical &gt;SV/e///, Army Signal-Office
Reports, Astromische Nachrirktvii, Smithsonian
Annual Reports, Baird s "Annual Record," Ap-
pleton s and Johnson s Encyclopaedias, etc.

Abbot, Hon. Charles F., was born in Boston,
Mass., April 5, 1821. In early life he went to Rich
mond, Ya., where he was baptized by Rev. E. L.
Magoon, D.D. He subsequently removed to Phila
delphia and united with the church at the Falls of
Schuylkill, where for many years he has remained
a faithful member and an honored office-bearer.
As a timsteo of the university at Lewisburg, and a
manager of the American Baptist Publication So
ciety, he has been actively engaged in promoting
the educational and missionary work of the denomi
nation. He is a man of strong intellect, clear judg
ment, broad views, and sterling piety. In secular
life he has repeatedly been elected to aid in the

AliHOTT

ADAMS

management of important trusts. At one time he
represented his fellow-citizens in the Pennsylvania
Legislature, and lie is at present a member of the
Board of Public Education in the city of Phila
delphia.

Abbott, Granville S., D.D., son of Ebenezcr

Tildcn and Puith Hewes, was horn at North Read
ing. Mass.. Feb. 27. lS. -&gt;7: bapti/.ed at the age of
fifteen bv Rev. Asa ( . Bronson ; licensed by the
North Reading church in 1S.VJ ; was ordained by
the South Boston church in 1S63, of which he was
pastor for six years, during which period an ele-
jrant house of worship was erected. lie spent ten
years in study for his life-work, graduating with
honor from Pierce Academy in 1S,~&gt;0, from Brown
University in I860, and from Newton Theological
Institution in 1863. After his South Boston pas
torate he was pastor at Watertown, Mass., from
Oct. 1. 1869. to Jan. 1. 1S77. One year later he
became pastor of the First Baptist church, San
Francisco. Cal., and resigned Jan. 1, 1879. April
1. 1S79. he became pastor of the First church,
Oakland, where, in connection with his pastoral
work, he accepted the editorship of the Herald of
Truth, a monthly Baptist paper, established Jan.
1. 18SO. His work for the denomination and the
cause of religion has been varied and constant.
For four years he edited the Sunday-school depart
ment of The Watchman, of Boston. For five years
he was editor of the American Baptist Publication
Society s "Question Books" and of its "Lesson
Leaves," whose monthly circulation was 250,000.
While in New England he was a member of vari
ous boards of benevolence. the American Baptist
Missionary Union, New England Educational So
ciety, Massachusetts State Convention, president
of New England Ministerial Institute, and secre
tary of the Massachusetts Ministerial Institute.
In May, 1880, California College conferred upon
him the degree of D.D. The church at Oakland,
of which he is pastor, in 1880, is one of the largest
in California, and is distinguished for its foreign
mission zeal, in which it is an example for all the
churches.

Abbott, Rev. Henry." To this man," Bur-
kitt, the historian, says, "we are indebted for some
of our religious rites." He was born in London,
and was the son of the Rev. John Abbott, canon
of St. Paul. He came to this country without the
knowledge of his father, and first appeared in
Camden Co., N. C., as a school-teacher. He soon
joined a Baptist church and began to preach. He
was a member of the Legislature, and was also a
member of the Provincial Congress when the State
and Federal constitutions were adopted. He died
May. IT .H.

Abbott, Rev. L. A. Rev. L. A. Abbott, now
pastor of the Baptist church in Alton, III., was

born in Beverly, Mass., in 1824, and was baptized
at the age of fourteen by the now venerable Rev.
Benjamin Knight, uniting with the Second Bap
tist church in Beverly. In his early life he was a
sailor. Deciding to prepare for the ministry, he
studied at Worcester Academy, but his health fail
ing midwav in the course, he again went to sea,
and made several voyages as mate and master.
Leaving the sea, he returned to his native town
and spent some years in teaching, meantime repre
senting the district two years in the Massachusetts
Legislature. In 1855 he was ordained pastor of
the Central Baptist church, Metford, Mass., but
in consequence of lung difficulty was compelled to
resign in 1858. Partially recovering, he accepted
the pastorate of the Weymouth church, and was
again chosen by that town to represent it in the
Legislature. In 1863 he became pastor of the
Central Baptist church of Middleborough, the seat
of Pierce Academy, then flourishing under the
principalship of Prof. J. W. P. Jenks. Here he
was once chosen to the Legislature, in which body,
in this as in former terms, he served upon impor
tant committees. In 1868, removing to Minnesota
for the benefit of his health, he was four years a
pastor at Rochester, then at La Crosse, Wis., where
he remained seven years. In 1879 he became pastor,
at Alton, of the church which he still efficiently
serves.

Acworth, James, LL.D., late president of
Rawdon College. England (formerly known as
Horton College), from 1836 to 1863. Studied for
the ministry at the Bristol Baptist College, whence
he proceeded to Glasgow University and graduated.
On May 29, 1823, he was ordained co-pastor of the
South Parade church, Leeds, his colleague being
the venerable Thomas Langdon. then in the forty-
first year of his ministry. In 1836 he entered upon
the duties of president of Ilorton College, and dis
tinguished himself by many important services to
the denomination in that capacity. Since his retire
ment, in 1863. he has resided at Scarborough, York
shire. Both as a pastor and theological professor
Dr. Acworth will long be gratefully remembered.

Adams, George F., D.D., was born in Dor
chester, Mass., Oct. 3, 1802. and died in Baltimore.
Md., April 16. 1877. His father. Seth Adams, re
moved to Ohio in 1805. and settled first in Mari
etta, and afterwards in Zanesville. Mr. Adams
was baptized in 1812, by the Rev. George C. Sed-
wick. He was licensed to preach in 1822. In
1824 lie entered the preparatory school of the Co
lumbian College, graduated from the college in
1829, and was principal of the school during the
year 1829-30. While still pursuing his collegiate
course ho was elected pastor of the Central Baptist
church, Washington, at that time worshiping in the
city hall, which, however, was soon after merged

ADAMS

into the E Street church. During his college
course he also spent several of his vacations with
the Rev. Dr. Ryland as missionary in Eastern Vir
ginia. He was ordained at the Navy-Yard Baptist
church, Washington, April 22, 1827. In 1830 he
settled in Falmouth, Ya., as principal of a female
school, and as the assistant of the Rev. R. B. Seiuple,
pastor of the church in Fredericksburg, of which
he soon became himself the pastor, continuing such
until December of 1835, supplying at the same time
the pulpit at Falmouth, and also of one other church.
In January, 1830, he became pastor of the Calvert
Street Baptist church, Baltimore, where he was
useful and successful. In 1842 he became general
missionary for the State of Maryland, visiting and
stimulating all the churches. In 1843 he preached
to the Hereford, Gunpowder, and Forest churches.
In 1X48 he accepted the pastorate of the Second
Baptist church, Baltimore, where, during thirteen
years, he labored with great success. In I860,
Mr. Adams became pastor of the Hampton Baptist
church, but the war occurring, he served for a short
time as chaplain in the Confederate army. He was
arrested and imprisoned for a while at the Rip-raps.
In 1862 he returned to Baltimore, and was appointed
State missionary, serving in that capacity until
18G5, when he took charge of the Atlantic Female
College at Onancock, Ya. In 1867 he was called
a second time to the pastorate of the church in
Hampton, where he remained for nine years, until,
his voice failing, he resigned, and removed to Bal
timore, where he was appointed a city missionary,
laboring as such with great fidelity until nearly
the day of his death, which was caused by a can
cerous affection of the throat. As a preacher Mr.
Adams was instructive and stimulating. His style
was clear, simple, and forcible, and his sermons
were rich in Christian experience. During a min
istry of more than fifty years he had labored faith
fully for the advancement of every good cause,
baptizing hundreds of converts, and giving much
of his time to the cause of missions. Sunday-
schools, temperance, and the distribution of re
ligious publications. One who knew him well has
said, ; lie was one of the four ministers who, in
1830, laid the foundation of the Maryland Baptist
Union Association, and to him more than to any
other man are we indebted under God for the origin
and present glorious success of that body, number
ing then only 345, now over 10,000." Mr. Adams
also wrote and published numerous articles of in
terest in our religious periodicals, and was for one
year the editor of the True L nioii, published in
Baltimore. He had also in preparation a " History
of the Maryland Baptist Churches," a work for
which he was specially fitted from his intimate
acquaintance with the churches, and which lie
undertook at the request of the M. B. U. A. He

left it unfinished at his death, but it will be com
pleted by the Rev. John Pollard, D.D., of Balti
more. Dr. Adams received the degree of D.D. from
the Columbian College.

Adams, Rev. Henry, a distinguished colored
minister, was born in Franklin Co., Ga., Dec. 17.
1X()2. He was converted at the age of eighteen
years, and the same year licensed to preach within
the bounds of his church. In 1823 his license was
extended without limits, and in 1825 he was or
dained. After preaching a few years in South Car
olina and Georgia, he emigrated to Kentucky, and
was settled as pastor of the First Colored Baptist
church in Louisville in 1829. Here he spent the
remainder of a long and eminently useful life.
The church was very small when he took charge
of it, and was the only colored Baptist church in
the city. At his death it numbered over 1000
members, and was the parent of six other churches,
with a total membership of 4000. Mr. Adams was
a fair scholar, having a good knowledge of several
of the ancient languages. After the emancipation
of the colored people he expressed constant anxiety
for the establishment of schools and the improve
ment of the condition of his race. He was espe
cially solicitous for the formation of a school in
Louisville for the training of colored ministers.
He died in Louisville, Nov. 3, 1872.

Adams, Rev. John Qltincy, was born in Phila
delphia, Pa., Feb. 25, 1825 ; was liberally educated ;
ordained pastor of Bloomfield church, N. J., Jan.
31, 1X49. lie has had charge of the Keyport
church. X. J., and of the North, Antioch, and
Cannon Street churches in New York City. Ho
has published a number of religious works. Eleven
years ago he had baptized 540 persons, nine of
whom became ordained ministers. Mr. Adams is
full of zeal for the salvation of the perishing, and
for the triumph of what he regards as the truth of
God.

Adams, Seymour Webster, D.D., was bom in

Yernon, Oneida Co., N. Y.. Aug. 1, 1815; con
verted at the age of seventeen : received his liter
ary education at Hamilton College. N. Y., and his
theological training at Hamilton Theological Sem
inary ; was ordained in February, 1843, and after
supplying the churches at Durhamville and Johns
town. N. Y., became pastor of the church at Yer
non. his native place, where he remained t\vo years.
In 1846 he accepted the call of the First Baptist
church, Cleveland. 0., and continued its pastor
until his death, Sept. 27. 1X64. During these
eighteen years he had the affection of a devoted
people, and exercised great influence in the city
and State. In 1X5 .) he wrote a memoir of his
father-in-law. Dr. Nathaniel Kendrick. His death
was hastened by his services at the seat of war as
a volunteer in the Christian Commission. His

AD LAM

S. \V. ADAMS, D.l).

memoir was published under the editorship of J.
P. Bishop in 1800. His character was greatly ad
mired and his early death lamented hy all.

Adams, Rev. Spencer Gavitt, the pastor of

the Baptist church in AValworth. Wis., was horn in
.Marion Co., 0.. Sept. 7. 1*44. His parents were
Methodists, and he received his early religious
training under the influence of that denomination.
IIC obtained hope in Christ when thirteen years of
age, !X nd united with the M. E. Church. His at
tention having been called to the views held by
Baptists. after careful and prayerful examination
of the subject he united with the Baptist Church.
He was educated at Dcnison University, O., and at
the Morgan Park Baptist Theological Seminary,
111. He was ordained in June, 1ST"). While a
student in the theological seminary he supplied
regularly for two years the Uaptist church in
Thompsonville. Racine Co. He has been four
years pastor of the AVahvorth Baptist church.

Adams, Rev. Thomas, a prominent minister
of the Mississippi River Baptist Association, was
born in South Carolina in 1S04, and began to
preach in 1830. lie was a graduate of Furman
Theological Institute. After laboring many years
in his native State, he removed to East Feliciana
Parish, La., in ixr&gt;3, where he labored efficiently
until his death, July 20, ls:&gt;9.

Adkins, E., D.D., was born in Greenfield. Sara
toga Co., X. Y., Dec. 17, l*0f&gt;. His parents moving
to what was then the wilderness of Western New
York, he was deprived of the advantages of an early
education, but impelled by his thirst for knowledge,

at the age of twenty-seven he entered an academy
at Rochester, N. Y.. graduating finally from Mari
etta College, 0., in ls;j ( .). For three years after his
graduation he was tutor at Marietta, where he also
studied law. Having taught in Tennessee and IV-
oria. 111. (where he was baptized), he accepted in
Is47 the chair of Belles-Lettres in Shurtlen" College,
111., remaining in the faculty nine years at great
personal sacrifice, and giving himself to the interests
of the college with unwearied devotion. The latter
part of his time at ShurtlelV, Prof. Adkins had the
chair of Languages. Having become profoundly
interested in Bible revision, lie resigned at Shnrtleff
and removed to New York, where he devoted his
entire time to this work. After a year s service he
was, however, obliged to desist on account of fail
ure of sight. In 18f&gt;7 he took a position in Mari
etta College, resigning this in 1S"&gt;9 to accept the
Professorship of Greek in Richmond College. Ya., a
post which he held but a short time on account of
the war. Returning, he accepted a pastorate at
Brimtield, 111., where he was ordained. In 18(13
he again entered the faculty of Marietta College,
where he remained until partial blindness com
pelled him to retire. Of late years he has been
living with his son at Elyria, O.

Dr. Adkins has been an industrious writer. In
his early life lie published "What is Baptism?
and in his later years " Ecclesia ; The Church:
Its Polity and Fellowship. and "The Ages to
Come, or the Future States." He has also written
largely for newspapers and magazines.

Adkins, Frank, A.M., son of the preceding, was
born at Marietta, 0., Nov. 1&gt;1, 1841. Converted at
the age often, during revival meetings held at Up
per Alton, 111.: baptized two years later. After
preparatory studies at Shurtlell and Pierce Acade
mies, and collegiate studies at Marietta. 0., gradu
ated at Madison University in 18(11. After gradu
ation engaged in teaching, but feeling called to
preach took a course of theological study at Madi
son and Rochester, graduating at the latter place
in .180(1. Same year settled as pastnr at Akron.
O.. where he remained two and a half years. After
a short period of missionary work became, in 1870,
pastor of the First church, Iowa City. Iowa, where
he remained five and a half years, when ill health
compelled him to resign. For two years after this
was Professor of. Greek in Central University, Pella.
Iowa. In December, 1878. lie became pastor at
Elyria, 0., where he still remains. Mr. Adkins is
a scholarly and cultured man, and ranks very high
on account of his attainments and the excellencies
of his character.

Adlam, Rev. Samuel, was born in Bristol,
Eno-land. February, 1798. lie was ordained at
West Dedham, Mass., Nov. 3. 1824. Having been
in the ministry several years, he felt the need of a

ADMISSION

AFRICA

more extended course of study than lie had been
able to secure, and went to Newton, where he re
mained I or lour years, from 1S, !4 to 1838. His
pastorates have been in West Dedham, Marblehead,
and Gloucester, Mass. ; Hallowell, Dover, and Fox-
croft, Me. ; and Newport, R. I. He resigned his
pastorate of the First church in the latter place
some years since.

Admission of Members into the Church.

When a man desires admission into an orderly Bap
tist church, he is carefully examined by the pastor
or some other judicious brother in reference to his
repentance for sin, and utter helplessness without the
Saviour s grace : in reference to his faith in Jesus
as his substitute and sacrifice on the cross, without
whose blood his sins would cling to him forever;
and in reference to his knowledge of the teach
ings of God s word, lie is instructed in the great
doctrines of the trinity, election, the oliices of
the three sacred persons, depravity, regeneration,
atonement, justification, providence, final perse
verance, and believing prayer. Satisfied that the
man is washed by faith in the blood of the Lamb
and saved, the pastor brings him to the deacons,
who hear from him an account of God s dealings
with his soul. Having convinced them that he is
a child of God, he repeats his experience at a week-
night service, at the close; of which a special church-
meeting is held, and a resolution is passed author
izing his baptism and reception into the church.
After baptism he is formally received into the church
by the right hand of fellowship. In a few churches
the pastor, just before giving the hand of fellow
ship, places his hands upon the candidate s head,
and tenderly pravs for him.

Africa, Mission to. In his admirable " History
of American Baptist Missions" Prof. Gammell says,
No one of the missions planted by the Managers
of the General Convention has had such serious
obstacles to encounter, or has been so often para
lyzed by their influence, as that on the western coast |
of Africa. Its history conducts us to a portion
of the earth pervaded by a pestilential climate,
and perpetually ravaged by the cupidity of civ
ilized man ; to a race degraded by the barbarism
and wrongs of ages, and, by common consent, long
doomed to slavery and oppression among almost \
every people of Christendom. No relics of a dc-
parted civilization, no scenes of storied events, at- j
tract attention to this gloomy region. No hoary !
superstitions, blending with the rude traditions of
an elder age, lend a philosophic interest to the
people who inhabit it. It presents only a blank
and dreary waste of barbarism, occupied by the
lowest and most abject forms of humanity." Since
these words were written, more than a quarter of
a century ago, a new interest has been thrown over
this dark country by the discoveries of modern

travelers, and we may cherish the hope that, with
the advance of the years. Africa will become as
much the scene of missionary activity as Asia has
been during the past fifty years.

The operations of American Baptists in Africa
have been confined to Liberia, on the west coast of
the continent, and to the Bassa tribe living in the
territory. Colonists from America laid the foun
dations of Monrovia, now the capital of the re
public of Liberia, in 1821. Lott Carey and Collin
Teague, two colored men who had been ordained
at Richmond. \ a.. in -Januarv. 1821. commenced
their missionary labors in Monrovia in 1822. A
church was formed, of which Mr. Carey was ap
pointed pastor. His decided superiority in intel
lectual ability over the colonists u ave him threat
influence in the new settlement, and he was able,
in many ways, to promote the interests of the
people. He was appointed vice-agent in 1820, and
in 182X governor, during the temporary absence
of Mr. Ash mini to the United States. The death
of Mr. Carey was a sad blow to the interests of
the colony and the church. Two white mission
aries. Rev. Calvin Holton, appointed Jan. 24, 1820,
and Rev. Benjamin R. Skinner, appointed Jan. 11,
1830, both died of the "coast fever," the one in
1S26 and the other in 1831. The board was so
discouraged by what seemed a fatality to white
men, in the character of the climate of the west
coast of Africa, that they gave up the hope of car
rying on the mission through any other agency
than that of colored preachers of the gospel. Five
years elapsed before another white missionary was
sent out to Africa. Two brethren offered to go, Rev.
\V. G. Crocker and Rev. W. Mylne, and they were
appointed early in 1835, and reached the field of
their labors. They were instructed to preach among
the native tribes, and it was decided to establish a
mission at Bassa Cove, with the hope that, from this
point as headquarters, they might more effectually
teach the natives. Schools were at once commenced
at Bassa Cove, Edina, and other places. A house
of worship was dedicated at Bassa Cove in 1836,
where Mr. Mylne preached until a pastor was set
tled in the following year. It was not long before
the insidious malaria of West Africa so affected the
physical system of Mr. Mylne that he was obliged
to give Tip his work, and, a broken-down man, he
returned to this country in J838. Mr. Crocker had
a better constitution, and was able to go on with
his work. He directed his attention to the work
of translation, in which he was especially success
ful. Rev. Ivory Clarke and his wife arrived at Edina
ertrly in 1838, and having passed safely through an
attack of the fever, entered upon their missionary
labors with zeal. In 1840, Messrs. Constantino
and Fielding, with their wives, offered themselves
to the board, and were appointed to labor among

AIXSLFE

ALABAMA

the tribes living farther back from the coast, with
the hope that the climate would prove more favor
able to their health than the climate of the coast.
The hope was not realized. Mr. and .Mrs. Fielding
both died within six weeks after their arrival. Mr.
and Mrs. Constantine were so completely broken
down in health that they returned to this country
in June. 1X4:2. Mr. Crocker left his work in Africa
;i year preceding the return of Mr. Constantino,
and came to the United States. After two years
residence here he returned to the scene of his former
labors. On the Sabbath after his arrival in Mon
rovia he was seized with a sudden illness, and in
two days he died. His wife, after a year or two of
experience of missionary life on this treacherous
coast, returned to her native land. Mr. Clarke, in
his turn, fell a victim to disease, dying at sea, April
4. 1S4S, on his passage to America.

Ainslie, Rev. Thomas, was born in 17V.) : con
verted and baptized at Sussex, Xew Brun&gt;wi&lt;-k. in
1S02. lie soon commenced preaching, and traveled
as an evangelist for about four years, lie was
ordained in 1SO(). in the United States, and resumed
his work in Xew Brunswick. In IS 10 he became
pastor of the Baptist church at Upper Granville,
Xt.iva Scotia, and so continued to the end : evan
gelized, however, very extensively in Eastern Xova
Scotia: was, in 1S2S, the means of a powerful re
vival at Aylesford. He died at St. Andrew s. Xew
Brunswick. Dec. 7. 1S31, in the zenith of his power
and usefulness as a minister of Christ, especially
owned and blessed of heaven.

Aitchison, John Young, D.D., the pastor of the
Baptist church in Eau Claire, Wis. He was born
in Berwickshire, Scotland, July 5, 1S24. lie was
educated in Glasgow University, and he was or
dained at Paisley, Scotland, in 1840. lie began
his work in the ministry at Glasgow the same year.
He has had successful pastorates in Brooklyn.
X. Y., Waukesha. Wis., Cedar Rapids and Clin
ton. Iowa ; and he lias been twice settled at Eau
Claire. AVis., his present field of labor. He re
ceived the honorary degree of D.D.. from the Cen
tral University of Iowa, in 1S7S. His literary
attainments are of a high order. lie occasionally
speaks from the platform as a lecturer, with great
acceptance.

ALA ISAM A BAPTISTS.

Alabama, Here IL-C rest," the Indian significa
tion of the word. It is reasonably assumed that
this region was visited by Ferdinand de Soto in
1539. It was originally part of what is known in
the history of our country as Mississippi Territory.
Some settlements were made in that portion of the
territory now embraced in the State of Mississippi
before the American Revolution ; but Alabama
continued the undisturbed hunting-ground of sav

age aborigines until a much later period. At the
end of the struggle for American independence
Georgia claimed this vast region, and exercised
jurisdiction over it as her Western Territory.
In ISO!) it was erected into a territorial government.
In 1S02 Georgia ceded to the United States all her
western territory for 1,250.000. In 1S17 the terri
tory was divided, and the western portion was au
thorized by Congress to form a constitution, and it
became the State of Mississippi. The eastern por
tion was then formed into a Territory, and received
the name Alabama. In July, 1SH), a convention
of delegates assembled in Iluntsville and adopted
a State constitution, which being approved by
Congress the December following, the State of
Alabama was admitted as a member of the Xa-
tional Union, thenceforth to stand, alphabetically,
at the head of the sacred roll of the United States.
As the vast domain of the united and independent
States, protected by our national banner, is the
land of the free and the home of the oppressed,
where the weary of every land come and find civil
and ecclesiastical rest, so Alabama, whether by
accident or by Providence, was the right name to
be placed at the head of this " more perfect union.
Alabama Baptists, History of. That part of
this State which lies north of the Tennessee River,
generally known as " North Alabama." a beautiful
and fertile -country, was settled many years before
any other considerable section of the State. Madi
son County of that region was the first to receive
the civilization of thrifty settlements, and in the
first settling of that county there were some Bap
tists. John Canterbery and Xadock Baker were
the first Baptist ministers who labored in this wil
derness, and Elder John Xicholson was the first
pastor of the first church in the State, or, rather,
in the Territory. the old Flint River church, a few
miles northeast of Iluntsville, in Madison County,
which was organized at the house of James Deaton,
on the 2d of October, 1SOS. by twelve persons.
The beauty of the country, the fertility of the soil.
the excellent springs of water, the ease with which
partial land-titles were procured, combined with
many other influences, soon drew a large popula
tion into this region, and in the course of a few
years a number of Baptist churches were formed.
Worldly inducements brought ministers, as other
men, into this inviting country, some of whom held
elevated positions in the estimation of the people,
and here they lived and labored until they finished
their course. Of these early North Alabama min
isters, Elders R. Shackleford, W. Eddins, and Ben-
net Wood seem to have been the most distinguished.
About the same time Elders Jeremiah Tucker,
George Tucker, John Smith, J. C. Latta, and J.
Thompson labored in the same region. As early
as the 26th September, 1814, the first Association

ALABAMA

of Alabama Baptists was organized, the Flint
River Association. At first some of its churches
were from Tennessee.

About the year 1808 some Baptists were found
in the southern part of the Territory, near the
Tombigbee River, in Clarke and Washington
Counties. William Cochran. a licensed preacher
from Georgia, is said to have been the first in
Clarke County, and one Mr. Gorhain the first in
Washington County. Elder -I. Courtney organized
the first church in that part of the State in 1810,
the Bassott s Creole church, the second in the Ter
ritory. It has for many years been connected with
the Bethel Association. Elder Joseph McGee set
tled in the same region shortly after the planting
of this church, and was much esteemed as a min
ister of Christ. About the year IS 15 the tide of
emigration began to tlow into South and West
Alabama from almost every State in the Union.
With this ilood of emigrants a number of able,
zealous, and indefatigable preachers came. There
is an account of one family from South Carolina
who furnished to Alabama and Mississippi in those
early times eight or ten ministers of our faith.
Many of the preachers for the first forty years of
the history of Alabama often made extended evan
gelistic tours, pushing the outposts of the Re
deemer s kingdom farther and farther; and in these
pioneering labors churches were planted in most of
the new settlements, and existing churches were
confirmed in the faith. It has been common from
the first for one minister to serve at the same time
several churches. This is still the case. As a
result pastoral work has been very imperfectly
performed. The early ministers of Alabama gen
erally received little support from the churches,
in many cases nothing : and though frequently
they were in straitened circumstances, they were
rich in faith, and many of them mighty in the
Scriptures, and rapid and enlarged success fol
lowed their labors. They are to be held in ever
lasting remembrance.

In 1X20 there were about 50 Baptist churches in
Alabama. At the close of the year 1821 there were
70, and 2500 members. In 1825 there were As
sociations, 12X churches, 70 ministers, and about
5000 members. In 1X33 there were 130 ministers,
250 churches, 11,408 members. In 183(&gt; there were
333 churches, 188 ministers, 15.630 members. In
1840 there were 30 Associations. 500 churches, 300
ministers, and 25.000 members, 4000 of whom were
baptized the previous year. Mr. Holcombe, the
historian, says. " This increase is without a parallel
in the United States, and perhaps in the known
world, especially in modern times." In the years
1838-39 extensive revivals were experienced. The
churches in many counties of the State, embracing
all Middle Alabama, received the power of the Holy

Ghost, great numbers were led to Christ, and many
new churches were planted. Houses for the wor
ship of God were for years scarce and rude. Large
congregations often assembled in shady groves and
anxiously heard the gospel from the lips of the men
of God, and many churches were organized in such
bowers and in private residences, and under bush-
arbors. About the year 1830 the churches beiran
to build better houses of worship than those which
had before existed in the State, and many of them
were an honor to the religion of a new country.

Between the years 1835 and 1840 the Baptists
of Alabama had their greatest troubles with the
anti- missionaries. a strong party who arrayed
themselves against all missionary and benevolent
enterprises, and against ministerial education. The
contest was fierce and evil-spirited. One by one
the Associations and churches divided until separa
tion occurred in most of them. Five Associations split
asunder in 1839. The enemies of missions declared
non-fellowship, and were the seceding parties. The
missionary churches have been blessed with pros
perity. Retrogression has constantly marked the
movements of the opponents of missions.

Total number of members in the Baptist churches
of the State, 165,000.

Alabama Baptist Convention. The Conven
tion was formed in October. 1S23, at Salem church,
near Greensborough, chiefly through the instru
mental ity of the Rev. J. A. Ranaldson, who came into
the State from Louisiana, and afterwards returned
to that State. At the organization of the Conven
tion messengers were present from seven missionary
societies, then and for some years the only class
of bodies that sought representation ; subsequently
and at present it was and is composed of messen
gers from churches. Associations, and missionary
societies. At the first session fifteen ministers were
appointed from different parts of the State to spend
all the time practicable as domestic missionaries.
For ten years the Convention devoted its energies
to the cause of missionary work within the State,
with occasional contributions of money to other
objects. State missions and ministerial education
were the first objects of this Convention. For the
first fifteen years it was not very successful, and
had to contend against the most serious hindrances
that an extensive and fierce anti-missionary spirit
could engender ; a number of the strongest of our
early ministers taking that side of the great effort
questions then in controversy, they hindered the
cause very much ; the great majority of the minis
ters who claimed to be missionary Baptists were
entirely neutral on these matters. But there were
some giants in those days. noble spirits who were
every way worthy of their high calling ; men who
confronted the enemies of missions and every other
enemy, and laid the foundations of our State enter-

ALABAMA

prises deep down on the solid rock. Such were
Hosea Holcombe, Alexander Travis, J. McLemore,
I&gt;. \Vinbourne, S. Blythe, C. Crow, A. G. McCrow,
.). Rvan. and a number oi otliers who might ho
gratefully mentioned here. It is worthy of remark
that in those early times in Alabama, both in our
Associations and in the Convention, decided union
and sympathy of feeling were manifested toward
"the Baptist (Jeneral Convention of the United
States," and handsome sums were contributed for
foreign missions, and especially for Dr. Judson s
Burmese Bible. The benevolent operations of the
Convention were then largely carried forward by
efficient agents who were appointed by the body.
It was at the tenth session, in iS.jiJ. at Grant s
Creek church, in Tnskaloosa County, when there
were only four delegates present except those from
the immediate vicinity, that the Convention took
steps to start an educational institution. the Man
ual Labor Seminary, which, after absorbing al
most the entire; attention of the Convention, was
abandoned in about live years. From this time
onward for many years Revs. B. Manly. J. Hart-
well, D. P. Bestor, and J. l[. Do Votee were the
great preachers who constantly attended the Con
vention, and their superiors have never been banded
together in any Southern Baptist Convention ; and
in their day a number of others, scarcely a whit
behind them, lived in Alabama, and regularly met
in the counsels of the Convention. And besides
these, many wealthy planters, intelligent mer
chants, and distinguished lawyers gave the meet
ings of the Convention their presence, their coun
sels, and their money. This happy state of things
continued until it was estopped by the coming in
of the late war between the North and South.
After the failure of the Manual Labor School, the
Convention returned for some years with increased
purpose and energy to the work of State evangeli
zation, and to assisting young men to obtain an
education in anv school that they might enter to
make preparation for the ministry. It was about
the year 1842 that the Convention entered on the
incipient work which finally resulted in the estab
lishment of Howard College and the Judson Fe
male Institute. After the organization of the
Southern Baptist Convention, and the location of
its Domestic Board at Marion, Ala., the Convention
discontinued the work of State evangelization, ex
cept that it supported the work as carried on by
the General Board at Marion. Thenceforth it was
an important part of the State Convention s busi
ness to foster the Boards of the Southern Conven
tion. This, with the absorbing attention which it
gave to its own institutions of learning, and to
the Southern Theological Seminary, comprised its
business for the second twenty years of its exist
ence. Howard College and Judson Institute are

the property of the Convention, and have from their
beginning occupied very much of its deliberations
and liberality. In 1S71 the Convention formed a
Sabbath-school Board as a sort of compromise with
those who were contending for a system of State
Missions. In 1S75 this Board was changed into a
State Mission Board. In these directions it lias
done a vast work, which is joyously recognized by
the brotherhood of the State. Through this pro
visional period the Board was located in Talladega,
with Rev. -I. ). I&gt;. Rcnfroe. D.D..as President, and
Rev. T. C. Boykin as Sabbath school Evangelist f&lt;&gt;r
the first eighteen months: after which the Key. T.
M. Bailev became Evangelist and Corresponding
Secretary, a position which lie still holds (1880),
and in which he has maintained first-class efficiency.
At the session of this year the location of the Board
was changed to Selma, because a more; central
place, and Rev. \V. C. Cleveland. D.D., became its
president. This Board now has in charge the en
tire mission work of Alabama Baptists as auxiliary
to the (Jeneral Boards, with an effort among the
colored people, the work of col portage, and raising
funds for ministerial education ; all this in addition
to its immediate work of State evangelization. Its
work has taken a strong hold on the hearts i ( Ala
bama Baptists. During the year 1S7U-SO it had
in the field constantly about twenty able and effi
cient evangelists. The Convention of Alabama
has again become a very able body of Christian
men; with a powerful ministry, it has present every
vear a number of the leading merchants and farm
ers, and some of the most distinguished lawyers
and civilians of the State, and never fails to make
a first-class impression on the community at large.
So far as can now be ascertained the following
have been the presidents oi" the Convention: Rev.
Charles Crow, at its organization ; Rev. Daniel
Brown, Rev. Lee Compere, Rev. J. Ryan, Rev.
Ilosea Ilolcombe, for six sessions ; Rev. Jcsso Hiirt-
well, for five sessions : Rev. Thomas Chilton, for
five sessions; Chief-Justice AV. P. Chilton, Rev, II.
Talbird, D.D., for five sessions : Rev. A. (J. McCiow,
for five sessions: Rev. \V. II. Mclntosh, U.D.,
Hon. J. L. M. Curry, LL.D.. for five sessions, Rev.
S. Henderson, D.I)., for six sessions : and th& Hon.
Jon. Haralson, for seven sessions, the present in
cumbent.

ALABAMA BAPTIST NEWSPAPERS.

Alabama Baptist. In the year 1841, Rev. M.
P. Jewett and Rev. J. II. Do Votee established the
old Alabama Baptist in Marion, under the editorial
management of Mr. Jewett. He was succeeded as
editor by Rev. J. M. Breaker and Rev. A. W.
Chambliss. Dr. Chambliss filled this position for
several years with rare ability, and changed the
name of the paper to that of Southwestern Baptist.

ALABAMA

In 1852 it was placed under the editorship of Rev.
S. Henderson, and published in Montgomery one
year, when it was moved to Tuskegee, where Dr.
Henderson was pastor, and issued from that place
until the close of the late war. when Dr. Hender
son, by Federal authority, was placed under a
twenty-thousand-dollar bond not to publish it again,
it had been a strong secession orpin. This bond
led to its consolidation with the Christian Index,
of Atlanta. Ga. From time to time Dr. Henderson
had the editorial assistance of Rev. Albert Wil
liams. Rev. -I. M. Watt, Rev. J. E. Dawson. D.D.,
and Llev. II. E. Taliaferro, the latter for seven
years. It was a paper of great ability, reached
under Dr. Henderson an extensive circulation, and
wielded a leading influence. After it was merged
into the Christian, Index that paper was for eight
years recognized as the organ of Alabama Baptists.
But it could not be made to subserve the wants of
the denomination in the State.

Alabama Baptist. In lS7:j-74 the Convention
of Alabama, by its Board of Directors, started the
present Alabama Baptist at Marion, with Drs. E.
T. Winkler. J. J. D. Renfroe, H. B. Teague. and
D. W. Gwin as editors. It was edited gratuitously
for four years. In 1878 the Convention transferred
the paper to Dr. Winkler and Rev. J. L. West.
Mr. West has since become sole proprietor, with
Drs. Winkler and Renfroe as editors. The paper
gives universal satisfaction to the brotherhood, and
is contributing efficiently to the development and
unification of the Baptists in all their enterprises.
It now issues from Selma.

Baptist Correspondent. Fora few years prior
to the war the late venerable Dr. W. C. Buck and
his son, the Rev. C. W. Buck, published in Marion
the above-named paper, which was an earnest and
vigorous controversial paper.

Baptist Pioneer. A spirited paper now pub
lished in Selma for colored Baptists, with Rev. W.
II. Me Alpine as editor.

Christian Herald. Published soon after the
war, and for several years at Tuskumbia, with
Rev. Joseph Shackelford, D.D.. as editor. A paper
of much merit ; had it been published south of the
mountains it must have succeeded. It was re
moved to Nashville, Tenn., an 1 afterwards merged
into the Christian Index.

Southwestern Baptist Pioneer. In 1834 the
Rev. William Wood, M.D., started a paper of the
above name in Jacksonville. It was the first Bap
tist paper in the State. Published only a year or
two. In 1838 the Rev. George F. Heard published
a Baptist paper in Mobile for a short time.

Alabama Central Female College. This in
stitution is located in the city of Tuscaloosa, and
occupies the buildings of the former State Capitol,
which are singularly well adapted to their present

use, and are worth at least 150,000. The Baptists
hold a lease of ninety-nine years on this property,
with no other obligation than to keep it in order
and maintain a female school in it. The college
has now existed more than twenty-five years, and
has reached a high reputation, and is destined to
still greater prosperity. &gt; Prof. A. K. Yancey. llie
present president of the college, is giving entire
satisfaction and increasing its fame.

Alabama, Several Educational Enterprises

of. THE TALLAUEGA BAPTIST MALE HIGH SCHOOL,
erected thirty years a go by the Coosa River Bap
tist Association at a cost of S30.IHK). Lost by in
debtedness. Now a Congregational school lor col
ored people.

MOTLTO.V COLLEGE, at Moulton, Ala., a flourish
ing school before the war. It is not prosperous
now.

TIIF. BAPTIST HIGH SCHOOL, at Lafayette, is an
old and good institution.

SOUTH ALABAMA FEMALE INSTITTTE. at Green
ville, is in a flourishing condition, with Prof. J. M.
Thigpen for president.

MALE HIGH SCHOOL, at the same place, is also in
prosperity, with Prof. (J. W. Thigpen for principal.

THE SOUTHEAST ALABAMA HIGH SCHOOL for some
years did well under the control of the late Gen
eral Association of that part of the State, but has
been discontinued.

Alabama Colored Baptists. Before their lib
eration from slavery the great body of colored
Baptists in this State held church membership in
the same churches with the whites, having the
same pastor and worshiping in the same house.
Nearly all houses of worship had an apartment
for the colored people, which was uniformly well
filled. Where they were numerous they had a
separate service in the afternoon of the Sabbath,
when the pastor preached to them. In such cases
they were virtually a separate church. This state
of things continued for a short time after they be
came free. They soon began to show a disposition
to get away into organizations of their own, and
this was encouraged by the whites. Most of their
churches were formed and their officers ordained
by white pastors, and the whites assisted them to
erect houses of worship. The colored people have
ever had a strong tendency to Baptist sentiments.

Convention. Their State Convention was organ
ized Dec. 17, 18C&gt;8. There were 32 churches rep
resented and 60 delegates present. Churches had
then been constituted in all the leading towns and
cities in the State ; there were then about 50 col
ored churches in Alabama, but there had as yet
been no Association formed. Steps were taken by
the Convention to influence the organization of the
churches into Associations, and by the session in
1875 there were about 20 Associations. Churches

ALBAXY

ALBTGKXSKS

were then forming in all parts of the State where
they had sufficient numbers. There are now 50
Associations, 000 eliurclies, and TOO ordained
preachers, with a great many licentiates, and
about 90.000 members. They own S2."&gt;(l.( UK) worth
of church property, and school property in Selina
which they estimate at Si"). 0(11). They have a
"normal and theological school" in that citv in a
flourishing condition, with Rev. Mr. Woodsmall as
president. In locating this institution they pur
chased and paid for the Selina Fair-* iron ml with
its buildings, at a cost of *. !000. It is valuable
property and could not be better located. It is
owned and managed by their State Convention.
They also have an educational association, which
meets in connection with the Convention.

Albany, Emmanuel Baptist Church of. The

noble edilicc of the Emmanuel church of Albany.
X. Y., was dedicated to the worship of Almighty
(!od in February, IST1. The church proper is I 10
leet deep and SI feet wide. The church and chapel
together are 15T feet deep. The chapel is 1 10 feet
deep and 47 feet wide. The spire is 234 feet hiu;h.
The church seats 14(10 persons. The house and lot
cost $203,686, and no debt rests upon the structure
or its site.

Albigenses, The, received this name from the
town of Albi, in France, in and around which
many of them lived. The Albigenses were called
Cuthari, Paterines, Publicans, Paulicians. Good
Men, Boo- imiles, and they were known by other
names. They were not \Yaldenses. They were
Paulicians, either directly from the East, or con
verted through the instrumentality of those who
came from the earlier homes of that people.

The Paulicians were summoned into existence
by the Spirit of God about A.D. fitil). Their founder
was named Constantine. The reading of a Xcw Tes
tament, left him by a stranger, brought him to the
Saviour, lie soon gathered a church, and his con
verts speedily collected others. Armenia was the
scene of his labors. They were denounced as
Manicheans, though they justly denied the charge.
They increased rapidly, and in process of time
persecution scattered them. In the ninth century
many of them were in Thrace, Bulgaria, and Bos
nia; and, later still, they became very numerous
in these new fields, especially in Bosnia.* Indeed,
such a host had they become that in 1238 Coloman,
the brother of the king of Hungary, entered Bos
nia to destroy the heretics. Gregory IX. congratu
lated him upon his success, but lived to learn that
the Bogomiles were still a multitude. A second
crusade led to further butchery, but the blood of
martyrs was still the seed of the church, and they
continued a powerful body until the conquest of

* Evans s Bosnia, pp. 30, ;J7, 42. London, 1S7G.

their country by the Turks, in 14G3. There was
direct communication between these Bogomiles and
the Albigenses in France. Matthew Parisf tells us
that the heretic Albigenses in the provinces of Bul
garia. Crotia, and Dalmatia elected Bartholomew
as their pope, that Albigenses came to him from
all quarters for information on doubtful matters,
and that he had a vicar who was born in Carcas-
sone. and who lived near Thoulouse.

At an early period the Paulicians entered Italy
and established powerful communities, especially
in Milan. I 1 hey spread over France. Germany, and
other countries. In the eleventh century they were
to be found in almost every quarter of Europe.
St. Bernard, in the twelfth century, says of them :
" If you interrogate them about their faith nothing
can be more Christian, if you examine into their
conversation nothing can lie more blameless, and
what they say they confirm by their deeds. As
for what regards life and manners, then* attack no
one. they circumvent no one. they defraud no one."
Reinerius Saccho belonged to the Cathari (not the
U aldenses. he was never a member of that com
munity) for seventeen years, lie was afterwards
a Romish inquisitor, and he describes his old
friends and the Waldenses. in 1254. in these words:
" Heretics are distinguished by their manners and
their words, for they are sedate and modest in
their manners. They have no pride in clothes, for
they wear such as are neither costly nor mean.
They do not carry on business in order to avoid
falsehoods, oaths, and frauds, but only live by labor
as workmen. Their teachers also arc shoemakers
and weavers. They do not multiply riches, but
are content with what is necessary, and they are
chaste, especially the Leonists. They are also tem
perate in meat and drink. They do not go to tav
erns, dances, or other vanities. The Leonists were
the followers of Peter Waldo, of Lyons, the Wal
denses, as distinguished from his own old sect, the
Albigenses. Reiner ins then proceeds to charire
these men who shun business to avoid falsehoods
with hypocrisy. No body of men could receive a
better character than St. Bernard and the inquisitor
give these enemies of the Church of Rome, and no
community could be more wickedly abused by the
same men than these identical heretics. For some
centuries the Albigenses figure universally in his
tory as externally the purest and best of men. and
secretly as guilty of horrible crimes, such as the
pagans charged upon the early Christians.

Reinerius mentions several causes for the spread
of heresy. His second is that all the men and
women, small and great, day and night, do not cease
to learn, and they are continually engaged in teach
ing what they have acquired themselves. His third

I Matthew Paris, at A.D. 1:2:23.

EMMANUEL H.VI TIST CHURCH, ALBANY, N. Y.

ALBIGENSES

cause for tho existence and spread of heresy is the
translation and circulation of the Old and New
Testaments into the vulgar tongue. These thev
learned themselves and taught to others. Reinerius*
was acquainted \viih a rustie layman who repeated
the \vhnle hook of -Job, and with many who knew
perfectly the entire New Testament. lie gives an
account of nianv schools of the heretics, the ex
istence of which he learned in the trials of the In
quisition. Assuredly these friends of light and of
a Bible circulated everywhere were worthy of the
curses and tortures of men like Ueinerius and lordly
bigots like St. Bernard. In a council held at Thou
louse in \ 2 2 J the Scriptures in the language of tin-
people were first prohibited. The Aibigenses sur
viving the horrid massacre of the Pope s murderous
crusaders were forbidden to have the " hooks of the
Old or New Testament, unless a Psalter, a JtrrKHd i/,
and a liuxari/, and they forbad - the translation in
the vulgar tongue." Xo doubt nianv of tlie mem
bers of the council supposed that the Breviary and
Rosary were inspired as well as the Psalter.

Reinerius gives a catalogue of the doctrines of
the Cathari, which corresponds with the list of
heresies charged against them for two hundred
years before he wrote by popes, bishops, and eccle
siastical gatherings, the substance of which has
no claim upon our credulity, though some of the
forms of expression may have been used by certain
of these venerable worthies.

Ileineriusf says that the Cathari had 16 churches,
the church of the Albanenses, or of Sansano,
of Contorezo, of Bagnolcnses, or of Bagnolo, of
Yincen/a. or of the Marquisate, of Florence, of
the Valley of Spoleto. of France, of Thoulonse, of
Cahors. of Albi, of Sclavonia, of the Latins at Con
stantinople, of the Greeks in the same city, of
Philadelphia, of Bulgaria, and of Dugranicia. He
says, " They all derive their origin from the two
last." That is, they are all Paulicians, originally
from Armenia. lie says that " the churches num
ber 4001) Cathari, of both sexes, in all the world,
but believers innumerable." By churches we are
to understand communities of the Perfect, devoted
to ministerial and missionary labor. The Believers
in the time of Reinerius were counted by millions.

Upon infant baptism the Alhigenses had very
decided opinions. A council J held in Thoulouse in
111 .), undoubtedly referring to them, condemns and
expels from the church of God those who put on
the appearance of religion and condemned the sac
rament of the b idy and the blood of the Lord and
the baptism of childroi.

At a meeting of" archbishops, bishops, and other
pious men" at Thoulouse, in 1176, the Albigeri-

* ttihlintlieca T atrnm, torn. iv. p. ii., foil. 740.
t Dii Tin s Kirlrs. Hi.st., ii. 450. Dublin.
1 Dii Pin, ii. 392.

ses were condemned on various pretexts. Roger De
llovedcn. a learned Englishman, who commenced
to write his "Annals" in 11S9. gives a lengthy ac
count of this meeting. lie says that Gilbert, bishop
of Lyons, by command of the bishop of Albi and
his assessors, condemned these persons as heretics;
and the third reason, according to Iloveden. i^iven
by Gilbert for his sentence was that they would not
save children bv baptism. lie also preserves a
" Letter of Peter, titular of St. Chrvsogonus, Car
dinal. Priest, and Legate of the Apostolic See,"
written in 1178, in which, speaking of the Albi-
genses, he says, "Others stoutlv maintained to
their faces that they had heard from them that bap
tism was of no use to infants." Collier|| gives the
meaning of Iloveden correctly when he represents
him as stating, in reference to the Albigenses,
" These heretics refused to own infant baptism.
Evervinus, in a letter to St. Bernard, speaking evi
dently of Albigenses, in Cologne, in 1 147. and con
sequently before the conversion of Peter Waldo,
says, " They do not believe infant baptism, alleging
that place of the gospel, Whosoever shall believe
and be baptized shall be saved/ " Eckbcrt, in
116H, in his work against the Cathari, written in
thirteen discourses, says in the first. " They say
that baptism profits nothing to children who are
baptized, for they cannot seek baptism by them
selves, because they can make no profession of
faith."

The Paulicians received their name because they
were specially the disciples of the Apostle Paul.
They were established as a denomination by a gift
of the Scriptures to their founder, through which
he received Christ, became a mighty teacher, and
gathered not converts simply, but churches.

At the great trial in Thoulouse in 1176 they
would not accept anything as an authority but the
Xew Testament. Throughout their wide-spread
fields of toil from Armenia to Britain, and from
one end of Europe to the other, and throughout
the nine hundred years of their heroic sufferings
and astonishing successes, they have always shown
supreme regard for the Word of God. If these
men, coming from the original cradle of our race,
journeying through Thrace, Bulgaria. Bosnia,
Italy. France, and Germany, and visiting even
Britain, were not Baptists, they were very like
them.

If all the wicked slanders about them were dis
carded it would most probably be found that some
of them had little in common with us, but that the
majority, while redundant and deficient in some
things as measured by Baptist doctrines, were sub
stantially on our platform. This position about

ALBRITTON

ALDTS

the Paulicians of the East is ably defended by Dr.
L. P. Brockett in ; The Bogomils."

Albritton, Rev. J. T., was born in Greene Co.,
N. 0., -Ian. 20, 1830: baptized by Rev. -I. I). Coul-
linir: ordained in 1850. Is an able and useful
minister : was, and is now, pastor of Selma and
other churches.

Alden, Rev. John, was born in Ashfield. Mass..
Jan. 10, 1SOO. and was a graduate of Amherst Col
lege, in the class of 1S31. He took a course of
theological study at Newton, which he completed
in is:]:], and was ordained the same year at Shel-
burne Falls. Ma*s.. where he remained for seven
years, from 1833 to 1840. His next settlement
was at North Adams, Mass, lie was the pastor
of the church in this place for five years, and of
the church at Fawille two years. In 1848 he re
moved to Westfield, Mass., and was pastor of the
church there five years. Subsequently he removed
to Windsor, Yt. For several years he was an agent
of the American Baptist Missionary Union, and
of the American and Foreign Bible Society. Mr.
Alden retired from active service some years since,
and now resides in Providence, 11. I.

Alden, Rev. Noah, was born in Middleborough,
Mass., May 30, 1725. On his father s side he Avas
a lineal descendant from John Alden, famous in
the earlv annals of the Pilgrims of Plymouth.
Both himself and wife became members of the
Congregational church in Stafford, Conn., whither
thevhad removed, lie changed his sentiments on
the mode and subjects of Christian baptism in 1753,
and became a member of a Baptist church. Feel
ing it his duty to preach the gospel, he was or
dained at Stafl ord on the 5th of June, 1755. and
was pastor of the Baptist church in that place for
ten years. In 1700 he was installed as pastor of
the church in Bellingliam, Mas*., where his minis
try was attended with the Divine blessing.

Mr. Alden was active, not only in his special vo
cation as a minister of the gospel, lint as a delegate
from Bellingliam to the State Convention ; he did
good service in drafting a constitution for the State
of Massachusetts, pleading especially the cause of
religious liberty. He performed also other accepta
ble service as a public man. As a wise counselor
be was often called to adjust difficulties in churches,
and to assist in the examination and ordination of
candidates for the Christian ministry. Mr. Alden
died May 5, 17 .*7. " IFe was, says Dr. A. Fisher,
" for many years one of our most distinguished and
honored ministers, and his name deserves to be held
in grateful remembrance."

Alden, William H., D.D., was born in Middle-
borough, Mass, lie graduated at Brown Univer
sity in the class of 1849, and at the Newton Theo
logical Institute in the class of 1852. lie was
ordained pastor of the church in North Attlebor-

ough, Mass., where lie remained from 1852 to
1857. lie was then called to the pastorate of the
First Baptist church in Lowell, officiating there
from 1857 to 1804. For four years he was pastor
of the Tabernacle church in Albany. He removed
to Portsmouth. N. II.. in 1808, and lias been the
pastor of the Baptist church in that city down to
the present time.

The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred
on Dr. Alden by Colby University in 1873.

Alderson, Rev. John, was born in New Jersey,
March 5, 1738, and was the first Baptist minister
that visited the southern part of West Virginia.
As early as 1777 lie settled on Greenbrier River,
in Greenbrier County, near the present site of the
town of Alderson. Owing to the hostility of the
Indians, he and his neighbors were compelled, at
times, to take shelter in a fort on Wolf (. reek, and
much of the time he followed the plow with his
rifle swinging by his side, lie commenced preach
ing in the forts, and in the houses of the settlers.
In 1781 the Greenbrier church was organized with
12 members, and as this was the fourth church
in what is no\v the State of West Virginia, its field
included a large portion of the State. Mr. Aider-
son labored as a minister for seven years without
seeing another Baptist preacher. Though he lived
at this early day. and comparatively isolated in his
home, he was an enthusiastic missionary, doing
much personal work, and urging his brethren to
spread the gospel over the State. He was mighty
in the Scriptures, a good preacher, a wise counselor,
and an untiring worker, lie died March 5, 1821,
at the advanced age of eighty-three years, in great
peace, and his bodv now sleeps in the cemetery ad
joining the Greenbrier church. His influence lives
among his descendants and others to-day.

AldlS, John, one of the most eminent English
preachers of the present time, but now retired from
stated ministerial service, studied at Horton Col
lege. Bradford, and commenced his ministry at
Manchester in 1S2 J. During his first pastorate he
established his reputation as a pulpit orator of
rare a ifts. and attracted a large circle of cultivated
hearers. After seven years pastoral service at
Manchester, he was invited to take the oversight
of the church at Ma/e Pond. London, one of the
oldest and most influential Baptist churches of the
metropolis. Here Mr. Aldis labored with distin
guished ability and success seventeen years, and
then removed to Reading. At the close of fifteen
years ministry at Reading, he accepted a call to
the church at Plymouth, where he labored for
nearly eight years, closing an active life of upwards
of forty-seven years of uninterrupted public service
in May. 1877. During this long period Mr. Aldis
enjoyed almost unbroken health, and was abundant
in labors. His chastened and vigorous eloquence,

ALDRICH

his high culture, und generous public spirit curly
placed him in the first rank of the loaders of the
denomination. He was president of the Baptist
Union in 1X00. Three of his sons have distin
guished themselves at Cambridge University, the
. eldest, Mr. William Steadman Aldis, being senior
wrangler in iStil. This was the first time in the
history of the university that a non-conformist stu
dent had won the honor. Mr. W. S. Aldis s suc
cess, and his subsequent steadfast adhesion to Bap
tist principles (which involved the forfeiture of the
valuable prizes bestowed upon a senior wrangler),
largely contributed to the abolition of religious tests
in the universities, and the opening of the college
fellowships and other lucrative honors to non-con
formists as well as to the members of the Estab
lished Church.

Aldrich, Rev. Byron L., born in Thompson.
Conn., in 1X4 .), received a thorough education, be
came a fine linguist, a master of seven lanii ua^es.
graduated at Chicago University in 1x73, entered
the ministry, and located in California, where he
became pastor of the Fifth church, San Francisco,
the Xapa, and Xevada City churches. lie is a
preacher of much ability, hut his thorough classi
cal training fitted him for the duties of instructor.
He held for some time an important position in one
of the Sari Francisco high schools, and was two
years Professor of Modern Languages in California
College. He is now pastor at Nevada City.

Aldrich, Rev. Jonathan, was born at St. Johns-
bury, Vt., Sept. 2, 17UU. He pursued his prepara
tory studies at Peacham, Vt., and with his uncle,
Rev. Dr. Abial Fisher, then residing in Bellingham,
Mass. So far was he advanced in his studies that
he was able to enter the Sophomore class in Brown
University in 1X23. He graduated in 1X20, and
having spent a year in theological study at Xewton.
he was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in
West Dedham, in .January, 1X2^. .Subsequently,
he had short pastorates in East Cambridge, Mass..
Worcester, Mass., Newburyp &gt;rt. Mass.. Philadel
phia, Pa., Baltimore, Md., and Middleborough.
Mass. In 1X53 he was appointed an agent by the
Missionary Union to collect funds for foreign mis
sions. He continued in the employ of the society
until his death, a period of about nine years. lie
was a settled pastor for twenty-five years, and was
highly esteemed as an active, zealous worker in the
cause of his Master. His death occurred on Jan.
11). 1X02.

Allen, Hon. Alanson, was born in Bristol. Vt.,
Aug. 22, 1800. He lived twenty years after cher
ishing a hope in Christ before he made a public pro
fession of his faith in the Redeemer. After residing
some years in Bristol, he removed to Hartford.
X. Y., where he remained eight years engaged in
mercantile business. In 1S3G he went to Fair

Haven, Vt., which was his home through the rest
of his life. Commencing business in a somewhat
humble way. he went on year after year enlarging

I.O.N. ALA.N.SON ALLEN.

his operations, making a specialty of quarrying the
slate of the region in which he lived, which, under
the different forms of roofing and school slate, found
its way into the markets of the country. lie then
went into the marble business, and developed the
famous quarries of West Rutland, Vt. After some
years he retired from the marble business and again
resumed his old occupation of slate-quarrying.

Mr. Allen, from intelligent conviction, was a de
cided Baptist, and took the liveliest interest in all
matters pertaining to the prosperity of his denom
ination. He was frequently a member of the Board
of the State Convention, and everywhere recognized
in Vermont as a firm and liberal Baptist. AN might
be supposed, he was a friend to all good causes.
The prosperity of the town in which he lived was
largely due to his enterprise. He was a public-
spirited citizen, ready to second any plan devised
for its welfare. Twice he was a member of the
State Senate, two years each time. He was also
assistant judge for a time, and one of the State s
Presidential electors for President (Jrant s second
term. His death occurred Sept. 5, 1X7X.

Allen, Rev. Hogan, missionary of the General
Association of Southeast Arkansas, was born in
Xorth Carolina in 1X29 : came to Arkansas in 1X51 ;
united with the Methodists, and was a preacher in
that connection from 1X."&gt;X to 1X01. He then united
with the Baptists, and was at once licensed, and
ordained the following year. His labors have been

ALLEN

ALLISON

chiefly confined to Ashley and Drew Counties, Ark.,
and he has served the following churches : Flat
Creek, seven years ; Mount Olive, fourteen years ;
Promised Land, seven years; Fellowship, ten
years; Mount Zion, six years; and Beulah, Xew
Prospect, Poplar Bluff, Egypt, Gilgal, and other
churches a part of the time.

Allen, Rev. Marvin, whose name was once fa
miliar to all Michigan Baptists, was born in Fab: us.
X. Y., Nov. 1, 1800. He graduated from Hamilton
in one of the earlier classes, and labored ten years
in Williamson and Canandaigua. lie was called
to Adrian in 1837, and in 1844 became pastor of
the church in Ann Arbor. Failing health inter
fered with his ministerial labors, but his ardent
zeal for the cause of Christ, not allowing him to
rest, urged him on to the work of the denomination
at large. lie became general agent of the Conven
tion, and as such was very useful in organizing its
different departments of work and in systematizing
the contributions of the churches and stimulating
them to further efforts. From 1S4S until his death,
in 1801, he was the publisher of the Michigan
Christian Herald. lie was an untiring worker
throughout the entire State, and became an almost
indispensable part of all denominational gatherings.
As a man of business his character was untarnished,
and he fulfilled all the trusts committed to his care
without leaving a stain upon his name.

Allen, Rev. Orsemus, was born at Westfield,
Mass., in 1804. At the age of sixteen was baptized
into the fellowship of the Westfield Baptist church.
After graduating from Hamilton Literary and The
ological Institution, was ordained pastor of the
church at Seneca Falls, X. Y., where he remained
four years. After a short interval took charge of
the church at Bristol, Conn., where he continued
many years. Forced by ill health from the min
istry, he removed about 1845 to Ohio, where he
engaged in business. For twenty-two years was
treasurer of the Ohio Baptist State Convention.
and in this position won the confidence and affec
tion of his brethren throughout the entire State.
Died in Columbus, 0., May 19, 1870.

Allen, Rev. William B., for twenty-seven years
moderator of the Eastern Louisiana Association,
was born in South Carolina in 180 J, and began to
preach at the age of twenty. Shortly after he re
moved to Eastern Louisiana and settled in Living
ston Parish, where he has successfully labored
until the present time, having served one church
more than forty years.

Alexander, Charles, M.D., a prominent phy
sician of Eau Claire. Wis., was born at Pittston,
Me., April 28, 1824. He was deprived of his father
and mother in his childhood, and at the age of five
years he was placed in the family of llufus Allen,
of Farmington, Me., which became his home until

seventeen years of age. Being thrown entirely
upon his own resources he had a sharp struggle in
the school of adversity; and yet, overcoming all
obstacles, he completed courses of study in the
academies at Yarmouth and Farmington, Me., and
fitted himself for the Sophomore class in Bowdoin
College. In 1845 he began the study of medicine
with Dr. W. II. Allen, of Orono, Penobscot Co.
He attended lectures at the Medical Department
of Harvard University, Jefferson Medical College,
Philadelphia, and the Medical Department of the
University of New York, from which he received
his diploma March 8, 1850. Dr. Alexander began
the practice of his profession at Orono. where he
remained eight years. He entered the army as
surgeon of the 10th Regiment Maine Volunteers,
and remained in the service until the close of the
At Gettysburg he was wounded and taken

prisoner. He was twice promoted for distinguished
services. In September. I860, he removed from
his native State to Wisconsin, and settled at Eau
Claire, which has since been his home. He has
an extensive practice.

For many years he has been a member of the
Baptist Church. He is the senior deacon in the
Baptist church of Eau Claire, and superintendent
of the Sunday-school, lie is a popular lecturer on
geology and chemistry, of which sciences he has a
thorough knowledge. He is often heard with great
favor on the subject of temperance, always bring
ing to its treatment his knowledge of its relation
to science.

Alexander, Rev. Lewis D., was born in Wilkes
Co., N. C., Sept. 17, 17 ( J9. lie emigrated with his
parents to Scott Co., Ky.. in 1803 ; was converted
; and baptized into the fellowship of Stamping-
Ground church by James Suggett in 1823. After
exercising profitably his gift as an exhorter two or
three years, he settled in Owen Co., Ky., in 1835;
was ordained at Xew Liberty church in March,
1830, and became its pastor in 1838. His preach
ing gifts were extraordinary, and no minister in
Concord Association, of which he was a member,
ever exercised a stronger or more beneficial influ
ence. He baptized about 2000 persons, and was
moderator of Concord Association twenty-two years.
He died Dec. 20. 1802.

Allison, Burgiss, D.D., was born in Borden-
town, X. ).. Aug. 17, 1753. He was converted
young, and became a member of the Upper Free
hold church, in his native State. From sixteen
years of ago he had a strong desire to preach the
irospel, and he carried out this call of God in
Bordentown for several years on Sunday evenings.
He studied for the ministry under Dr. Samuel
Jones, of Lower Dublin, Pa., and in Rhode Island
College. He was ordained pastor of the church of
Bordentown, over which he presided for many

AMBROSE

years, and in which ho always cherished a fatherly
interest.

Dr. Allison possessed an intellect of a hi^h
order, and a culture seldom enjoyed in his day.
Senator Horatio Gates .Jones says, He occupied
a high position among the most scientific men of
hi-; day : lit 1 was devoted to such pursuits and to
philosophical inquiries; he became deeply inter
ested in the proposed propulsion of boats by
steam. 1 The celebrated Morgan Kd wards says of
him, " He is as remarkable a mechanic as he is an
artist and philosopher; the lathe, the plane, the
hammer, the chisel, the graver, etc., have displayed
his skill in the use of tools. His accomplishments
have made him a member of our [the American ]
Philosophical Society/

Dr. Allison was acquainted with the French,
Spanish, and Portuguese, as well as with the dead
languages. lie was skilled in music, drawing, and
painting, and in praying, preaching -Jesus, and
walking humbly with his God.

lie was a chaplain to Congress for a time, and
afterwards at the navy-yard in Washington, where
he died Feb. 20, 1S27.

Almira College. This excellent school, merely
founded with a view to the promotion of both edu
cation and general culture in Southern Illinois,
was the result of a visit made to Greenville. 111.,
in 1S54, by Prof. John B. White, then of Wake
Forest College, in North Carolina. It was founded
as a college for young ladies. The gift of SiiO(K)
towards its endowment by Mrs. Morse, wife, of
Prof. Morse, an old friend and college associate
of Prof. White, and visiting in Greenville, led to
the naming of the college for this generous ladv.
Hence its name, Almira College. The citi/ens
of Greenville and Bond County entered with much
zeal into the enterprise, and a handsome and com
modious building was soon erected upon a beauti
ful site near the town. The cost of the building |
was S2(),()()(). It is three stories in height, 146 feet j
long and 4l&gt; wide. Prof. White was made presi- :
(lent of the new college, and has remained so during
its entire history, with the exception of an interval
spent as chaplain in the army durin- the war.
Like all Western schools. Almira College has had
to contend with many financial embarrassments,
but has during its entire history maintained a very

high rank as a school of instruction for youn&lt;&gt;-

j in
women.

Alston, Rev. John, was born a slave in the
State of South Carolina, and was emancipated by
the results of the late war after his removal to
Florida, He resides at Fernandina, where he has
built up a large, well -disciplined church, over
which he presides as a much-respected bishop.
The church lias several mission stations, which are
under his special supervision, and they have built

and nearly finished a large and beautiful house of
worship in the Gothic style. The work has been
| done under the pastor s direction, and some of it
j by his own hands.

Mr. Alston went to Xew York and solicited aid

to build the house. For some time he was assisted

by the Home Mission Society while the church was

j weak. He is a prominent man in his Association

! and in the State. As a speaker he is dignified and

calm, and he uses very good language. lie reads

much, and his memory is retentive.

Mr. Alston is a thorough and an intelligent
Baptist, and is remarkably well informed in the
faith and order" of his denomination. lie is quick
to discern any innovations among his colored breth
ren, to whom his counsels are of great value.

Ambler, Rev. I. V., was born in Saratoga Co.,
X. Y., in 1814. He graduated at Madison Uni
versity; was ordained pastor of the Baptist church
of Lanesborough, Mass.. in which he labored for
eight years during his first settlement, and to which
he returned after a two years absence for a second
period of nine years. After serving the American
and Foreign Bible Society arid the American Bap
tist Home Mission Society as agent, 1 he became
district secretary of the American Baptist Mis
sionary Union for Pennsylvania, Delaware, Xew
Jersey, and the District of Columbia, lie dis
charged the duties of this laborious office with great
fidelity, wisdom, and courtesy for eleven years,
knitting the hearts of the pastors and church mem
bers to himself to an extent never surpassed, and
seldom equaled, by the brethren who hold such
difficult positions. The writer became acquainted
with Mr. Ambler twenty-four years before his
death, was never under any obligation to him.
knew him intimately, and was constrained to re
gard him as one of the best Christian men and
most efficient secretaries he has ever known. lie
had accepted a call to the church at Media, Pa.,
and was in Pittsfieid, Mass., preparing for removal
to his new field, when he was called to the skies.
He was sixty-four years of age. His death occa
sioned wide-spread irrief.

Ambrose, Rev. J. E., one of the pioneer Bap
tist ministers of Illinois, was born in Sutton. X. IT.,
July 5. 1810. and born again at Rochester, X. Y.,
in I8iT). and baptized there in May of that year
into the fellowship of the First Baptist church. By
that church he was licensed to preach at twenty
years of age. In 1834. under appointment of the
Home Mission Society, he removed to Illinois, and
began labor in the northern part of that State.
He was the first pastor of the churches of Iladley,
Plainfield. Batavia, and St. Charles. In 1838 he
was called to Elgiii ; and in all these places he was
a laborious and successful missionary. In 1838 ho
became connected with the Northwestern Baptist,

AMERICAS

a semi-monthly, and subsequently with the Western
Christian, published at KIgin, issuing the latter
paper, as its publisher, some live years. This was
the beginning of journalism in Northern Illinois.
Mr. Ambrose has been a resident of Illinois nearly
forty years. His home is now in California.

American and Foreign Bible Society. This
society was organized in 1837 with Rev. Dr. Spencer
II. Cone. President; Charles G. Sommers, Corre- i
spending Secretary; William Colgate, Treasurer; |
John West. Recording Secretary : and with thirty- j
one Vice-Presidents. The occasion of its organi- i
zation was the refusal of the American Bible So
ciety to appropriate funds for the printing and
circulation of the translations made by the Baptist
missionaries in India, in which the words relating
to baptism were rendered by those equivalent to
immersion. Its first annual meeting was held in
Oliver Street Baptist church. There were delegates
from fifteen States, and much enthusiasm prevailed.
Tlie treasurer reported contributions amounting to
:?38,714.14. Ninety-eight auxiliaries were added
to it during the year. In its first report it recorded
the names of 1)2 life-directors and 420 life-members,
the former obtained by the payment of Si 00, the
latter by $30 each. Appropriations were made to j
aid in printing and circulating the Scriptures in |
various languages and dialects of the East.

The society made rapid progress, as with few
exceptions all the Baptists of America united in
its support. At the annual meeting in May. 1850, \
n majority of the Board of Managers recommended I
the society to engage in the revision of the English |
Scriptures. The recommendation of the Board was
rejected, and the action resulted in the organization
of the American Bible Union, and the withdrawal
of many of the supporters of the society. I p to
this time it had received and disbursed upwards of
S4 1 1 ,000.

In 1852 the project of building a Bible House in
Nassau Street, New York, was started by friends
of the society, and in 1858 the work was accom
plished, and a large marble building was presented
to the society, for which $80,000 had been paid. A
considerable indebtedness remained, but it was ex
pected that the rents for rooms not needed by the
society would speedily extinguish it. The expecta
tion was not reali/ed. and eventually the Bible
House passed into other hands.

The entire amount of money raised bv the so
ciety and disbursed for the distribution of the
Scriptures in home and foreign countries up to the
date of this writing is SI .294,898.27.

Amsbury, Deacon Jabez, son of Mown- and
Betsey Whipple (Clark) Amsbury, was born Oct. 13,
1825, in Newton, Mass. lie removed to Killingly,
onn., in 1820. He was educated at Wesleyan and
Leicester Academies, Mass. In 1842 lie moved to
3

Norwich, Conn., and in February, 184t&gt;, was con
verted and baptized into the fellowship of the Cen
tral Baptist church, under the ministry of Rev. M.
(J. Clark. In 1852 IK; became teller in Quinebaug
Bank. In 1855 he was chosen cashier of Danburv
Bank, and removed to that place, where he still
(1880) fills the office. He was superintendent of a
Sunday-school in Norwich three years, and of that
of the Second Baptist church in Danbury in 1854-
55. and from 1870 to the present time; trustee of
the Second Baptist Society for fifteen years ; deacon
since 1802 ; one of the principal officers of the
borough of Danbury since 1862 ; been constantly in
Sunday-school work since 1845 ; for past eleven
years deputy collector of United States Internal
Revenue; clerk of board of education of Danbury.
and chairman of Centre District. A pure, earnest,
energetic, executive man.

ANABAPTISTS.

The name Anabaptist" was originally a re
proachful epithet applied to those Christians in
the time of the Reformation who, from rigid ad
herence to the Scriptures as the infallible and all-
sufficient standard of faith and practice, and from
the evident incompatibility of infant baptism with
regenerate church membership, rejected infant bap
tism and inaugurated churches of their own on the
basis of believers baptism. While reproached by
their enemies with ri lnqtHzimj those that had been
already baptized in the established churches, they
maintained that the baptism of believers, such as
was administered by themselves, was the only
Christian baptism, the baptism of infants being
unworthy of the name.

Anabaptists, The German and Swiss. The

Anabaptist Reformation was nothing more than a
consistent carrying out of the principles at first
laid down by the Reformers. Luther and /wingle,
who both proposed, at the outset, to make the Bible
the only standard of faith and practice. Many
men of great religious earnestness, filled with this
idea, could riot bear to see the godly and the un
godly living together in the church, the latter as
well as the former partaking of the Lord s Supper.
The necessity of a separation of Christians from the
ungodly was, therefore, the most fundamental thing
with the Anabaptists of the sixteenth century, as
it is with Baptists to-day. If only the regenerate
are to be members of this body, it follows, neces
sarily, that those baptized in unconscious infancy,
or later in life without faith, arc not truly baptized.
They understood the Scripture to make faith a pre
requisite to baptism; and they found in Scripture
no precept nor example for infant baptism. They
rejected infant baptism as a matter of course and
baptized anew all that came to them. Hence the
name of reproach " Anabaptist. Luther was as

A \A BAPTISTS

ANABAPTISTS

uncompromising as Baptists in making personal
f aitl: prerequisite to valid baptism. I hi reproached
the \\ aldoiises Cor baptizing infants, and yet de-liv
ing that such infants have faith, thus taking the
name of the Lord in vain. \ot baptism. Luther
lield. but ])crsonal faith, justifies. If the infant
has not personal faith, parents lie when tliev sav
for it "1 believe." But Luther maintained that
through the pravers of the church the infant does
have faith, and he defied his adversaries to prove
the contrary. This was more than the average man
could believe. Hence he would be likely to accept
the principle and to reject the application. Luther
attached great importance to baptism : /winkle
very little. Iliibmaier and Grohel both assorted
that, in private conversation with them, /winkle
had expressed himself against infant baptism. His
earlier writings show that for a time lie doubted
the scripturalness of infant baptism, and preferred
to postpone baptism until the subject should be
able to profess his faith. AVe have indisputable
evidence that almost every other leader in the
Reformation, Melancthon, CEcolampadius, Capito.
etc., had a struggle over the question of baptism.
It seems equally certain that they were deterred
from rejecting infant baptism by the manifest con
sequences of the Baptist position. It appeared to
them impossible that an v movement should succeed
which should lose the support of the civil powers,
and should withdraw the true Christians from the
mass of the people. Endless divisions, the triumph
of the papists, and the. entire overthrow of the
Reformation, seemed to them inevitable. Hence
their defense of infant baptism, and their xeal in
the suppression of the Anabaptists. Those that
rejected infant baptism believed that Zwingle
thought as they did, but held back from unworthy
motives. AVe may divide the Anabaptists into
three classes : (I) The fanatical Anabaptists. (2)
The Ji(ip/ist Anabaptists. (3) The mystical Anabap
tists. Great injustice has been done to many that
fall under the name Anabaptist by failing to make
this distinction. AVas a certain party fanatical ?
The stigma is attached to all. AVere a few mystics
Anabaptists? All classes are blamed for it.
Anabaptists, The Fanatical. These were for

the most part a result of Luther s earlier writings.
It is remarkable that fanatical developments oc
curred in connection with Lutheranism, and not in
connection with Zwinglianism.

Thomas Miinzer and the Ztr n-l-/tu Prophets.
Thomas Miin/.er was never really an Anabaptist.
Though he rejected infant baptism in theory, he
held to it in practice, and never submitted to re-
baptism himself nor rebaptized others. Yet he is
usually regarded as the forerunner of the move
ment, and he certainly was influential in that di
rection. Having studied previously at Halle, he

came to ^ iltenberg. where he came under Luther s
influence, and where lie received his Doctor s de
gree. Like Luther. .Miin/er was a irreat reader of
the German Mystics, and when Luther came for
ward as a Reformer. Miin/er became one of his
most decided and faithful supporters. On Luther s
recommendation he came to /wickau in 1520 as
parish priest. Mere he entered into controversy
with the Krasmic rationalistic Kgranus. The com
mon people, especially the weavers, took sides with
-Miin/er. Chief among these was Nicholas Storch.
a Silesian. probably a Waldensian. Miin/er was
naturally inclined to fanaticism, and this contro
versy, together with the /ealons support he received
from the common people, did much to bring it out.
Me regarded Luther s movement as a half-way
affair, and demanded the establishment of a pure
church. Me denounced Luther as an incapable
man, who allowed the people to continue in their
old sins, taught them the uselessness of works, and
preached a dead faith more contradictory to the
gospel than the teachings of the papists. AVhile
he held to the inspiration of the Scriptures. Miin-
/er maintained that the letter of Scripture is of no
value without the enlightenment of the Spirit, and
that to believers God communicates truth directly
alike in connection with and apart from the Scrip
tures. The excitement among the common people
became intense, and Storch and others bewail to
prophesy, to demand the abolition of all papal
forms, and objects, and to speak against infant
baptism. Mlinzer had gone to Bohemia to preach
in \;&gt; 2\. Here he published an enthusiastic address
to the people in Gorman. Bohemian, and Latin, de
nouncing the priests, and declaring that a new era
wuV at hand, and that if the people should not ac
cept the gospel they would fall a prey to the Turks.
Meanwhile. Storeh s party attempted to carry out
their ideas by force, and proclaimed that they had
a mission to establish the kingdom of Christ on
earth. They were suppressed by the authorities,
and some of them thrown into prison ; but Storch,
Stubner, and Cellarius escaped and fled to AVitten-
berg. Stubner. a former student of the university,
was entertained by Melancthon. who for a time
was profoundly impressed by the prophets. Carl-
stadt especially was brought under their influence.
Storch traveled widely in Germany and Silesia,
disseminating his views mostly among the peasants.
He seems to have been a man of deep piety, great
knowledge of Scripture, and uncommon zeal arid
activity in propagating his vJews. In Silesia, he is
said to have labored for some time in connection
with Lutheranism, which had just been planted
there, withholding his peculiar views until he had
gained a sufficient influence to preach them effect
ively. Then he brought large numbers to his
views. Here also the attempt to " set up the king-

AXAJHI TISTS

AXABAPTISTS

Join ol (Jod on earth" was accompanied with tu
mult, and Storch was driven from (Hygau. Driven
from place to place, he established Anabaptist com
munities in various places, in the villages, and
among the peasants. From Silesia Storch went to
Bavaria, where he fell sick and died. But lie left
behind him many disciples, and two strong men
who became leaders: .Jacob Hutter and Gabriel
Scherding. From Silesia and Bavaria many Ana
baptists tied into Moravia and Poland, where they
became very numerous, and although they were
afterwards persecuted severely they continued to
exist for a long time. The followers of Storch
practiced in many instances community of goods
and under persecution manifested some fanaticism.
But we do Storch some injustice in classing him
among the fanatics. Inasmuch, however, as he
was elo-e .v connected with Miinzer at the begin
ning, and inasmuch as our information about him
is not definite, we class him here with the expression
of a probability that he repudiated much of Miin-
zer s proceedings, and was in most respects a true
preacher of the gospel. In 1523, Miinzer became
pastor at Alstedt. Here he married a nun, set
aside the Latin Liturgy and prepared a (Jlerman
one. In this he retained infant baptism. About
the beginning of 1.VJ4 he published two tracts
against Luther s doctrines with regard to faith and
baptism. lie had become convinced of the un-
scripturalncss of infant baptism, yet continued to
administer it, telling the people that true baptism
was baptism of the Spirit. Miin/.er s ministry in
Alstedt was brought to a close by the iconoclastic
/eal of his followers. His preaching all along was
of a democratical tendency, for he longed to see all
men free and in the enjoyment of their rights.
During this year he went to Switzerland, where he
attempted to persuade (Ecolampadius and others
of the right of the people to revolt against op
pression. Here also he probably met the men who
soon became leaders of the Swiss Anabaptists:
G rebel, Manz, Hiibmaier, etc. His main object in
this tour seems to have been to secure co-operation
in the impending struggle for liberty. Returning
to Muhlhauseii he became chief pastor and member
of the Council. The whole region was soon under
his influence. Luther visited the principal towns
and attempted to dissuade the people from revolu
tion, lie also attempted to induce the rulers to
accord to the peasants their rights. But in neither
respect did he succeed. "\Vhen the peasants re
volted. Luther, although he knew that thev had
cause for dissatisfaction, turned against them and
counseled the most unmerciful proceedings. Mlin-
zer showed no military capacity. The peasants had
no military discipline, and were deceived by Miin
zer into reliance upon miraculous divine assistance.
The result was that they were massacred in large

numbers. Miinzer was taken prisoner and after
wards beheaded.

JFclf/iinr Ibiffnntn. born in Sweden, accepted Lu
ther s doctrine about 15li3, preached with great
/eal in Denmark and Sweden, laboring with his
hands for his support. In the same year he came
under the influence of Storch and Miin/.er. Like
these, he believed that the last day was at hand,
and with great earnestness warned men to turn
from their sins. 1 1 is interpretation of Scripture,
especially the prophetical parts, which he freely
applied to his own time, and his constant effort to
arouse men to flee from the wrath to come, led to
his being hunted from place to place by Lutherans
as well as by papists.

In 1520, King Frederick of Denmark came to
his aid and irave him a comfortable stipend and
freedom to preach the gospel throughout Ilolstein.
Here Hoffman remained about two years, and
miii ht have remained longer had he not declared in
favor of the Carlstadt-Zwinglian view of the Lord s
Supper. This led to controversy, which caused his
expulsion and tin; confiscation of his goods. In
company with Carlstadt he took refuge in Switzer
land, and in 15129 went to Strassburg. Here he
was joyfully received by the Zwinglians, but his
preaching soon disgusted them, the difficulty here,
as elsewhere, being that he claimed a special in
spiration of God to interpret Scripture, and did this
in a manner that tended to produce an unwhole
some popular excitement. Hoffman now came to
see that there was a wide breach between him and
the other evangelical preachers. Their apprehen
sion of Scripture, he thought, was an apprehension
of the letter, his, of the spirit. Their religion was
of the understanding, his, of the heart. Their re
ligion admitted of pride and pomp, his, only of
humility. The Anabaptists had by this time be
come numerous in Southern Germany. When
Hoffman came to know them it is not strange that
he should have been led to unite with them. In
1530 he declared his acceptance of their views on
baptism, justification, free-will, church discipline,
etc. ; and as most of the Anabaptist leaders had
either suffered martyrdom or died of the pest,
Hoffman became a leader among them, and led
many to his own fanatical and false views. Un
der Hoffman s influence the opinions of the Ana
baptists, which had been in great part sound and
biblical, underwent many changes. Hoffman be
lieved that Christ did not receive his body from
the virgin. This view was perpetuated by the
Mennonites (a sort of Manichean view). His Mil-
lenarian views also became common among the
Anabaptists. Through him the Anabaptist move
ment spread over all the Netherlands, and he came
to be regarded as a great prophet. At Embden,
in Friesland, the Anabaptists became so strong that

ANABAPTISTS

AXAKAl TIKTH

they were ;il)le to baptize openly in the churches
and on the streets. The most influential leader in
tin; Netherlands (after Hodman) was Matthiesen.
In 1532 llod inan was thrown into prison in Strass-
burg. Here ho became more and more fanatical.
Several men and women bewail to have visions and
to interpret them with reference to current events.
Hoffman they called Klias ; Sehwenkfeldt was
Enoch, etc. The enthusiasm spread, and the Ana
baptist movement made rapid conquests. Per
secution was probably the cause, and certainly a
means of promoting the fanaticism. Hoffman died
in prison, .January, L543, after more than ten years
confinement.

Tin- .WtiiK/ar rprottr. The episode in the history
of the Reformation that did must to make the Ana
baptists abominable in the eyes of the world, and
from the effects of which Baptists Ion-- suffered in
England and America, and even now suffer in (ler-
many, was the Minister kingdom. Doubtless the
preaching of Hoffman, and still more that of hi&gt; fol
lowers, had something to do with this event. Yet
the idea that this preaching constitutes the chief
factor is utterly unfounded. In 1524-25. Minister
shared in the communistic movement (Peasants
War), but the magistrates and clergy had been
strong enough to crush out the communism and
Lutheranism together. After this the Reformation
gained scarcely any visible ground there until 152 .).
About this time, Bernard Rothmann, an educated
and eloquent young man. as chaplain in the colle
giate church at St. Maurit/, near Minister, began
to preach Protestant sermons. Despite the deter
mined opposition of magistrates and clergy, the
Minister people forsook the parish churches and
flocked to St. Maurit/. In 1533 the Protestants
obtained in Miinster the right to the free exercise
of their religion, and six parish churches came into
their hands. Soon they obtained the supremacy
in the Council, and began to carry out their princi
ples of reform. The bishop and Romish clergy
\vere driven away, and an army was equipped for
the protection of Lutheranism. Thousands of in
surrectionary spirits assembled from the surround
ing regions, and among them many of the Hoff
man ite Anabaptists. It was natural that, when
these latter saw the papal party crushed, they
should have supposed that the kingdom of Christ
was about to be set up at Minister. In 1532,
Rothmann, the recognized leader of the Lutheran
party at Miinster, became an Anabaptist. As a
Lutheran, Rothmann is said to have been disso
lute. "\\ hen he became an Anabaptist he adopted i
an almost ascetical mode of life. He exhorted the
people to the practice of charity and humility, and
warned them against yielding to the senses and
passions. He also declared that the millennium
had come, and that the end of the world would

come a thousand years later. The Anabaptists
gained the ascendancy just as the Lutherans had
done before them. Once in full power, their fa
naticism increased until a king was set up, polyg
amy was introduced in accordance with pretended
revelations of the Spirit, and many other abomina
tions were practiced. After a few months the
Miinster kingdom was overthrown and the leaders
executed. This affair has commonly been looked
upon as a natural culmination of Anabaptism.
The fact is, that Lutheranism was responsible for
it far more than Anabaptism, and that the rigor
with which evangelical Christianity was suppressed
in Miinster until 1531 was the most potent cause
of all.

It may be remarked that while none of the Ana
baptists were free from what we regard as errors,
the great body of the Swiss Anabaptists made a
very close approach to our position : and if we
take into consideration the circumstances under
which they were placed, we shall not be inclined
to judge them harshly in the things wherein they
seem to have gone astray. Fundamentally they
were Baptists, but it required time for them to
reach a complete development. Riiubli. when ex
pelled from .Basle, came to \Vyticon, near Zurich,
and under his influence the parishioners almost all
refused to have their children baptized, as early as
1524. Iloubli did not yet insist on rebaptism, but
simply set forth the unscripturalness of infant
baptism. In 1524. (.1 rebel, Man/, and others be
gan to manifest their dissatisfaction with the state
of ecclesiastical affairs at Zurich. They pressed
upon Zwingle the necessity of a further reforma
tion of the churches, and reproved him for tardi
ness and coldness in the matter. Zwingle urged
that the nnregenerate had been retained in the
churches, on the ground that " he that is not
against us is for us;" and that in the parable it is
commanded to let the tares grow with the wheat.
They objected also to the dependence of religion
on the civil magistracy. They were answered that
the magistracy, while not free from human ele
ments, was not merely not opposed to the Word
of God, but gave protection to the preaching of the
same. They soon began to accuse Zwingle of sac
rificing willfully the truth in order to maintain the
favor of the civil rulers. They now began to ab
sent themselves from the churches, to hold secret
meetings, in which they discussed freely the de
sirableness of setting up pure churches. During
this year the writings of Carlstadt and Miinzer
became known to them, and they instituted a cor
respondence with these men. How far the Zurich
Anabaptists were influenced by Miinzer it is not
possible to ascertain. It is certain that they read
his writings against Luther and admired them, be
fore September, 1524. It is equally certain that

ANABAPTISTS

A XA BAPTISTS

they were not first led to their views of thorough
reform by these writings, but were only strength
ened and encouraged thereby in their already pro
gressing work. The letter of Grebel, Manx, and
others to M unzer, Sept. 5. 1524, shows that they
had already advanced far beyond M unzer in their
true views of reform, and that they felt themselves
competent to pronounce judgment upon Milliner s
inconsistencies and upon his revolutionary utter
ances. They expostulate with him for having trans
lated the mass instead of abolishing it. They claim
that there is no precept or example in the New
Testament for the chanting of church services.
They insist that what is not expressly taught by
\vord or example is the same as if it were forbid
den. No ceremonies are allowable in connection
with the Lord s Supper, except the reading of the
Scriptures bearing upon this ordinance. Common
bread and common wine, without any idola f rous
ceremonies, are to be employed in the Supper. The
ordinance! is declared to lie an act of communion,
expressive of the fact that communicants are truly
one body. Inasmuch as the ordinance is a com
munion, no one is to partake of it alone on a sick
bed. It should not be celebrated in temples, on
account of superstitious associations. It should be
celebrated frequently. The\- exhort Miin/.er to
abandon all non-scriptural usages, insisting that it
is better that a few should believe and act in ac
cordance with the Word of (iod than that many
should believe in a doctrine mingled with false
hood. They are pleased with his theoretical rejec
tion of infant baptism, hut grieved that he should
continue to practice what lie has shown to be un
warranted. Moreover, they have heard that lie
has been preaching against the magistracy, and
maintaining the right of Christians to resist abuses
with the sword. They set forth their conviction
that neither are we to protect the gospel nor our
selves with the sword. Thus the Swiss Anabap
tists were from the outset free from fanaticism, and
they appear even in 1524 not as disciples, but as
teachers of M unzer. The opposition to the estab
lished church had by this time become so formid
able, that the Council appointed a public disputa
tion for Jan. 17. 1525; but there was no intention
on the part of the Council or of Zwingle to decide
the matter fairly in accordance with the weight of
the arguments, and the decision of the Council was,
therefore, against the Anabaptists; and a mandate
was at once issued requiring the baptism within
eight days of every unbaptized child, on pain of
the banishment of the responsible parties. This
action was soon followed bv a prohibition of the
assemblies of the radicals. (Jrebel and Man/, were
exhorted to leave off their disputing against infant
baptism and in favor of regenerate church member
ship. In order to insure quiet. Roubli. Ilatzer.

and others, foreigners, Avere warned to leave the
canton within eight days. This only led to greater
boldness on the part of the Anabaptists, and soon
George Blaurock. having first been baptized by
Grebel, baptized a number of others. From this
time the cause of the Anabaptists, notwithstanding
the severe persecution to which they were sub
jected, made rapid progress. The breaking out of
the Peasants War in 1525 tended to increase the
apprehensions of the Swiss authorities, and the
rigor towards Anabaptists now became greater.
Many, both men and women, were thrown into
prison, arid released only on the payment, of heavy
fines and the promise to desist from their heresy,
or, in some cases, to leave the canton. The pen
alty of returning from banishment was drowning.
Grebel, Manz, Hubmaier, and Blaurock were im
prisoned and banished. Manz was finally drowned.
Though continually harassed, these noble witnesses
for Christ were very active, traveling from place to
place, preaching at night in private houses to the
people, who were anxious to hear. Some preachers
baptized hundreds, if not thousands, of persons.
From Zurich they spread throughout Switzerland.
Southern Germany, the Netherlands, Moravia, etc.
Doctrine* of ///(. /.v.v Aiutti&lt;i]&gt;livfs. Although
most of the leaders held some views peculiar to
themselves, they may be said to have been agreed
on the following points, as exhibited in the Con
fession of 1527, which also forms the basis of
Xwingle s Refutation" of 1527. (1) Baptism
of believers. (The form of baptism never came up
for discussion, and was, in some instances, immer
sion, but in most instances affusion.) (2) Dis
cipline and exclusion of unworthy members. (!)
Communion of baptized believers. (4) Separation
from the impure churches and the world. This
involved a refusal to have any social intercourse
with evil-doers, to attend church services with un
believers and those in error, to enter into marriage
relations with them, etc. This absolute separatism
tiave them as much trouble, perhaps, as any other
single doctrine. (5j They condemned the support
of pastors by taxation of the people. The pastors,
when they required support, were rather to be sup
ported by voluntary offerings of the members. ((&gt;)
As to magistracy, they maintained that true Chris
tians, as being entirely subject to the laws of Christ,
have no need of magistracy. Yet they did not deny
that magistracy is necessary in the ungodly world :
neither did they refuse obedience to magistracy in
whatever did not come athwart their religious con
victions. (7) They rejected oaths on the ground
of Christ s command. " Swear not at all." They
distinguished, however, between xiceitriiir/ as a
promise with an oath to do or be something in the
future, and lexfifi/iiuj with regard to things past or
present. The latter they did not condemn. Some

of these Anabaptists held, in addition to these
views, to community of goods, on the ground of
the example of the A postolie ( liurrh. Hut most
of them insisted onlv on great liheralilv in reliev
ing the wants of their needy lirethren.

The Mi/x/irtt/ inn! Spet iilnf/rc Annlinptiiits.
Here mav he classed a large nuinher of ahle and
learned men. some who allied themselves with the
Anabaptists and were active in evangelical work,
as Henk and llaet/.er: others who contented them
selves with the theoretical rejection of infant bap
tism. Imt who either cared so little for ordinances
in general as to lie unwilling to make rejection of
infant baptism a prominent feature of their creed,
a^ Schwenkfcldt. Sebastian. Frank, etc.. or else
were so occupied with graver doctrinal contro
versies that their Anabaptist views attracted com
paratively little attention, as Michael Servetus.
Fanstns Socinns. etc. Almost all the Antitrini-
tarians were rejecters of infant baptism, and several
who diverged very widely from accepted views with
regard to the person of Christ were especially noted
as Anabaptists. With many the unspeakable love
and mercy of &lt;!od came to be a favorite theme.
Such being the ease, the propitiatory character of
Christ s death came to be viewed by some as un
necessary and contrary to God s character. There
being thus no need of an infinite sacrifice, many
came to deny the absolute eternity of the Son and
his absolute equality with the Father. On the other
hand, it was perfectly natural that those who went
so far as to call in question the great doctrinal for
mula should call in question such practices as in
fant baptism, for which there is no New Testament
authority whatever. We are to make a clear dis
tinction between men who were led into error by
excessive .Mysticism, as I&gt;enk. Haet/er. etc., and
those who were professed rationalists, as Laelius
and Faustus Socinus. (See I)ENK and HAKTXKK.)

Anabaptists, The Dutch. We give separate

consideration to the early Dutch Anabaptists, on
account of their relation to the Mennonites. who
still constitute an important party. We shall have
space only for the following remarks. 1. A con
siderable number of moderate Swiss Anabaptists
when persecuted at home took refuge in the Neth
erlands and made many converts before the time
of Hoffman and Matthiesen. 2. Most of these were
absorbed by the much more vigorous movement in
which Hoffman s influence preponderated (1529-
34). 8. A small number of Dutch Anabaptists
maintained their moderation even in the time of
the Minister uproar. 4. A still larger number
were restored to their senses after the suppression
of the Minister kingdom. 5. Merino Simon, a Ro
man Catholic priest, was led through a profound
religions experience, gradually and almost inde-
pendently of Anabaptist influence, to the rejection j

of infant baptism and the restoration of believer s
baptism. After the Minister uproar, the better
element of the Anabaptists in the Netherlands re-

I pudiated all connection with the Minister men ; and
with Menno Simon as their leader (15M6 onward),
soon became an exceedingly strong party. They

I suffered persecution under the Inquisition, and
thousands died at the stake, but they finally se
cured toleration, and have maintained themselves
to the present day. Their doctrines are. in the
main, the same; as those held by earlier Anabap
tists. They reject infant baptism, oaths, magis
tracy, the sword, marriage with unbelievers, com
munion with the unregenerate. They adopted
Hoffman s view as to Christ s body.

Anderson, Christopher, was born in Edin
burgh in 17*2. In the midst of youthful gayety
and worldliness. he was attracted to the Circus
chapel by the preaching of the celebrated Ilaldane
brothers, then at the /enith of their remarkably
useful career. The earnest appeals of -lames Ilal
dane were the means of his conversion, and he
joined the church at the Circus in IT .K). This
church was then a Pedobaptist body. The visit
of some English Baptist students to the university
led to a change in his opinions respecting baptism,
and on being bapti/.ed he was summarily excom
municated from the Circus. In conjunction with
his English student friends and others lie endeav
ored to establish a Baptist church, and took a lead
ing part in conducting the meetings of the little
assembly. Andrew Fuller s first missionary tour

! in Scotland in 1799. and his subsequent visit in
1S02. awakened in young Anderson a fervent in
terest in missions to the heathen. He sought an
interview with Mr. Fuller, and was encouraged to
offer himself for the Indian work. In ISO") he pro-

| ceeded to the seminary at Olney, presided over bv
the revered -Joseph Sutcliff, where missionary can
didates attended a preparatory course of study.
Anderson s constitution proving unfitted for the
tropics, he was transferred to Bristol College, but
his academical course was brief. His acceptable

preaching procured him pressing invitations to
settle as pastor in England, and the church at
Prescott Street. London, which had lately lost its
venerable and eminent pastor, Abraham Booth,
urged him repeatedly to accept its charge. But
his heart was set on raising a church in his native
city. The Scotch Baptist churches of that period
were not organized after his mind, and he thought
them deficient in evangelistic /eal. He commenced
labor in Edinburgh in 1S06. After the erection of
the spacious and handsome edifice known as Char
lotte chapel, his ministry was well attended and the
membership considerably increased. By his exer
tions the Itinerant Society 1 was formed, now
merged into the "Scottish Baptist Home Mission-

AXDERSON

ary Society," and also tlie Edinburgh branch of
the British and Foreign Bible Society. Whilst
abundant in home missionary labor, lie never lost
his first love for the foreign work which Andrew
Fuller s preaching had inspired. Fuller, indeed,
designated him as his successor in the secretary
ship of the Baptist Missionary Society. Notwith
standing the pressure of his pulpit and philan
thropic labors, he found time for a literary work
involving great research and study. His y.eal for
the circulation of the Scriptures in the vernacular
had kindled in him an enthusiastic admiration of
the history of the English version, and some in
vestigations which he prosecuted on the occasion
of its third centenary celebration in 1S35 led him
to devote his energies to a work in which the
Annals of the English Bible should lie accu
rately and completely set forth. The results of his
persevering toil appeared in two volumes, Svo.
l&lt;S4. r ), under the above title. This work possesses
the cardinal excellencies such a book should have.
It is accurate and trustworthy in statement of facts,
and casts light on many obscure and misunder
stood matters. The noble character and services
of Tyndale. Frith, and others are vividly presented,
with the record of the singular providential circum
stances of the origin and circulation of the English
Bible. Some years before the preparation of the
Annals he wrote a volume on " Tin 1 Domestic Con
stitution, or the Family Circle the Source and Test
of National Stability," which had a wide circula
tion, not only in (Jreat Britain but also in this
country. Several editions of it were published at
Boston, New York, and elsewhere. In 1S47 he re
vised and improved the book, and issued a new edi
tion, with a preface which expressed forcibly the
author s solicitude for the cause of civil and relig
ious liberty, as exposed on the one hand to the
machinations of the Romish priesthood, and on the
other to the godless fervors of socialism. With this
publication his literary labors ended, and retire
ment from public life became obviously necessary.
On the IXth of February, lX5l&gt;. lie peacefully fell
asleep in Jesus, aged seventy years. His numer
ous public labors secured him the respect of a wide
circle of the worthiest of his countrymen as well as
of his own denomination. His Life and Letters,"
by his nephew, Hugh Anderson, is a valuable biogra
phy, especially rich in interesting correspondence.

Anderson, Rev. David, was born in Nelson
Co., Ky., in ISOli. He was converted and baptized
at the age of twenty-seven years. He was ordained
in 1X50. He labored in Northwest Missouri for
twenty years. At his death he was pastor of the
Missouri City church. He was sound in doctrine
and exemplary in life.

Anderson, Rev. Gralusha, L.D., president of

the University of Chicago, was born in Bergen,

(Jenesee Co., N. Y.. March 7, 1832. II is father,
though born in this country, is of pure Scottish de
scent, and was reared in the strict forms of the
Scotch Presbyterians. In his own family govern
ment he was always kind, but very firm. In all
weathers the whole family were required to attend
church. Morning and evening prayer was never

omitted. In this thoroughly religious method
of family life his wife sustained him. while the
children, as thev advanced in years, fully realized
the advantages of early fidelity to principle and to
law. Dr. Anderson s father and mother are at this
date (1SSO) both living, the former at the age of
eighty, the latter of seventy-six.

Until the age of seventeen Galusha was engaged
upon his father s farm, with such intervals of study
as the district school of the [dace allowed. At that
time he was determined to be a lawyer, made po
litical speeches and delivered temperance lectures
to cows and trees on the farm ; being in politics a
warm partisan of Henry Clay and a protective
tariff on the one hand, and a staunch advocate of
total abstinence on the other. He was also an
active participant in the exercises of a debating
society at the district school-house, reciting pieces
at exhibitions given by the society, when every
body in the neighborhood came to hear.

At thirteen years of age he was converted, and
was baptized by Rev. Martin Coleman in the town
of Sweden, Monroe Co., N. Y., in the spring of
1844. At seventeen, after a severe struggle, he
yielded to convictions of duty upon the subject of
becoming a minister, and entered Alfred Academy,

AXDKHSOX

AXDKIiSON

in Alleghany County, to prepare for college. In
1851 IK: entered the Sophomore class of the Uni
versity of Rochester. His course at the university
was an unusually successful one. He took the
prize in Sophomore debate, the first pri/c in Sopho
more declamation, had the place of honor at the
Junior exhibition, and on behalf of the students of
the university delivered the address to Dr. A. C.
Kendrick upon his return from (Ireece. It may
be also mentioned in this connection that Dr. An
derson was the first Rochester alumnus to receive
the decree of Doctor of Divinity from that univer
sity. Graduating in 1S."&gt;4, he entered the Theo
logical Seminary, and from it graduated in 1X50.
In the autumn of that year he was ordained as
pastor of the Baptist church in Janesville. Wis.

At Janesville Dr. Anderson remained two years,
a pastorate which he regards as the most successful
work of his life. At the earnest solicitation of
brethren both in St. Louis and in the East, he ac
cepted, in the fall of 1X5X, the pastorate of the
Second Baptist church in St. Louis. Here he re
mained until 1X00, holding his post during all the
agitations of the war. and keeping his church
strongly loyal. In St. Louis he organized a society
for church extension, through whose means three
churches were helped into a self-supporting condi
tion. In the autumn of 1X00 he was called to the
chair of Homiletics, Church Polity, and Pastoral
Duties in the Newton Theological Institution.
Here lie remained seven years, but was drawn
back to the pastorate by his love for that work in
1X73. at the Strong Place church, Brooklyn, and
in June. 1X70, at the Second Baptist church, Chi
cago. In February. 1X78, he was elected president
of the University of Chicago, and. resigning his
pastorate, entered at once upon the duties of that
office.

The university at this time stood in need of the
qualities of character, intellect, and moral force
which Dr. Anderson brought to its service. The
good effect of his firm, intelligent, manly course
began at once to appear. Xew friends rallied to
the support of the institution, old friends took heart
anew, and as we now write there are reasons to
believe that this work, to which, in the prime of
his powers. Dr. Anderson is now giving himself, is
to crown a distinguished and successful career with
a service to which few men would be found equal.

Anderson, Rev. George W., D.D., was born in

Philadelphia. Pa., May 15. 1X10. He was baptized
March 20. 1X30, by Rev. J. J. Woolsey, and re
ceived into the fellowship of the Central church.
Philadelphia. lie graduated from Madison Uni
versity, N. Y., in 1X44. and from Hamilton Theo
logical Seminary in 1X40. Received the degree of
Doctor of Divinity from Lewisburg University.
In 1X40 efforts were made to establish the uni

versity at Lewisburg, Pa., and as one means for
facilitating these efforts it was thought wise to
publish a Baptist paper. The Christian Chronicle
was the outgrowth of this enterprise, and Dr. An
derson was invited to the editorship. From this
date a new and better era began for the Baptists
of Pennsylvania.

KK\ . UF.OIiOK U . AMIF.KSON, D.I).

In 1x49 he was elected to the chair of the Latin
Language and Literature in the university at
Lewisburg. In 1X54 he was ordained pastor of the
Northeast church. Ihitchess Co.. N. Y. Although
he had preached previously, yet up to this time he
had refused ordination because he was not engaged
in pastoral work. In August. 1X5X. he became-
pastor of the Lower Merion church. Montgomery
Co.. Pa. In 1X04 he was made book editor of tin-
American Baptist. Publication Society, in which
position he still continues to render valuable ser
vice to our denominational literature. On the
boards of the Publication Society, and of the trus
tees of the Cro/.er Theological Seminary, he has
also contributed largely to the success of mission
ary and educational work, lie is a clear thinker
and a forcible writer.

He was married April. 1X47. to Miss Maria
Frances, daughter of Thomas F. Hill, Ksq.. of
Exeter. England.

Anderson, Rev. J. D., pastor at Byhalia. Miss.,
is a native of that State, born in 1X52. He began
t &gt; preach in 1XOX. Spent two years at Mississippi
College, and two at the Southern Baptist Theologi
cal Seminary. He taught Latin and Greek in
Blue Mountain College five years, and supplied

A XI) KK ft OX

AKDERSON

country churches. After one year at Longtown
he accepted his present pastorate.
Anderson, Rev. J. Richard, pastor of the

Second African Baptist church in St. Louis, was
born in Shawneetown, 111. His parents were slaves
in Virginia. lie came with the sister of Attorney-
General Bates to Missouri. His education began in
the Sabbath-school of the First Colored church in
St. Louis, organized by Dr. -I. M. Peck. lie was
converted under Rev. Jerry Meachum s preaching. !
and he was baptized in the First African church of

St. Louis. In 1847 he became associate pastor with

Rev. Richard Snethen of the Second African Bap
tist church in St. Louis; and in 1S4U he took sole
charge of the church, which he retained till his
death, four years after. His son is now his suc
cessor in this pastorate.

Mr. Anderson built a house of worship, which,
with the lot, cost $12.000. He gave his whole
salary one year to the edifice fund, and he solicited
the rest of the money. Hi- was a wise pastor. He
had a revival every year in his church. lie was
acquainted with Greek and Latin, and expounded
the Scriptures systematically on Sabbath mornings.
Dr. Galusha Anderson, in his memorial sermon of
him, says " his sermons were clear and pointed."
He was loved in his home and church, and respected |
in the community. One hundred and seventy-five ,
carriages were in the procession that followed him
to his grave.

Anderson, Martin Brewer, LL D., president
of the University of Rochester, N. Y., was born
in Brunswick, Me.. Feb. \ 2. IS 15. lie inherited
from his father, who was of Scotch-Irish descent,
an unusual degree of physical and intellectual
vigor, strong emotional impulses, and a sympa
thetic nature. His mother, who was of English
origin, was a woman of marked intellectual Duali
ties, possessing quick powers of discernment, a
cautious but firm judgment, combined with inten
sity of moral conviction.

At the age of sixteen he devoted all his leisure
to the acquisition of general knowledge. A well-
organized debating club, composed of men of ma
ture age and experience, furnished a motive for
independent study and an arena for intellectual
discipline. With this as an incentive, he pursued
a course of reading which extended over a wide
range of subjects, including history, politics, and
general literature. The passion for learning thus
developed, accompanied bv an awakened interest in
religion, led him to look towards a professional
career. He completed his preparatory course of
study, and in 1X36 entered Waterville College (now
Colby University). His college training gave a
severer discipline to his already vigorous mind,
and reduced to a more scientific form the knowl
edge he had previously acquired. While in college

he was specially devoted to mathematics, the natu
ral sciences, and intellectual philosophy. lie grad
uated in 1S40, holding a very high position in his
class. During the following year he pursued a
course of study in the theological seminary at
Newton, Mass.

M. B. ANDERSON, l.L.D.

In 1S41 he was appointed tutor of Latin. Greek,
and Mathematics in Waterville College, which po
sition he held for two years. During the winter
vacation of lS42-4. 5 he supplied the pulpit of the
E Street Baptist church in Washington, D. C. He
there delivered a sermon in the House of Repre
sentatives which brought him into the favorable
notice of a number of public men, among whom
was .John Quincy Adams. Unfortunately, at this
time, on account of the loss of his voice, he was
compelled to discontinue public speaking. In the
fall of 1S43 he was promoted to the professorship
of Rhetoric in Waterville College. Besides his
regular instruction in rhetoric and literary criti
cism, he taught classes in Latin, delivered a course
of lectures upon modern history, and pursued a
special investigation upon the origin and growth
of the English language. This position not only
afforded a means of giving greater breadth and
thoroughness to his general scholarship, but also,
on account of his special duties, opened a sphere
for the development of the administrative capacity
for which he has since become distinguished.

In 1S.")0 he resigned bis professorship and re
moved to New York City, where he became propri
etor and editor-in-chief of the Xrir York Recorder,
a weekly Baptist journal. As a journalist he was

AXDKKSOX

marked liy great energy and perseverance. }&gt;\ the
learning and discrimination of his literary criti
cisms, and by tin: vigor ami incisiveiiess of his
editorials, which, from the necessities of his posi
tion at that time, were frequently of a controver
sial character. Through the independent position
which he assumed as an editor, and the intellectual
capacity which he displayed, he obtained a wide
influence in the denomination, and was brought
prominently before the public at large.

In IS53 he was unanimously elected the first
president of the University of Rochester. This
position he has since retained, notwithstanding the
many inducements held out to him to change his
field of labor. By his unswerving devotion to the
cause of education, and by a career of uninter
rupted success, he has attained a position among
the foremost educators of the present day. His
success as an educator during this period has de
pended largely upon his extensive and varied ac
quirements as a scholar, his high conception of
the functions of the teacher, and his unusual ca
pacity for administration.

His scholarship has been of the most compre
hensive and liberal type. It has been developed
not so much by the exclusive study of any special
science as by the application of a general ittcf/&lt;o&lt;t
to many branches of thought. This method, com
bining the comparative and historical modes of
investigation, has been a constant incentive to
push his inquiries beyond the limits of any single
science or any special group of sciences. Gifted
by nature with an untiring industry and a versa
tile mind, with a capacity for rapid acquisition and
a genius for perceiving the broadest relations among
the facts of nature and mind, he has pursued his
investigations into an unusual number of the de
partments of human knowledge. The results of
many of these lines of investigation have been or
ganized into courses of study and presented to the
students under his charge.

These courses are illustrative of the direction
and range of his scholarship, and the most im
portant of them may be briefly referred to. The
first completed course of lectures, made after his
accession to the presidency, was upon Intellectual
Philosophy. This was prefaced by a discussion
of scientific method, illustrating the fundamental
principles involved in the genesis and organization
of the various sciences, and also the possibility of
subjecting mental facts to scientific analysis and
interpretation. As a prominent feature of his
philosophical teaching, he enforced the reality of
perception as a fact of consciousness as opposed to
idealism on the one hand and sensationalism on
the other. lie also expounded the history of the
doctrine of perception from the time of Plato to
the present, and showed the relation of the vari

ous forms of the doctrine to the theory accepted as
the true one. AVIiile recognizing elements of truth
in opposing systems of philosophy, he combated
the tendencies alike of idealistic pantheism and of
modern materialistic evolution. This course, which
has been continued in its essential plan to the pres
ent time, was supplemented by lectures on Moral
Philosophy, in which he enforced the reality of
moral distinctions as opposed to associations and
utilitarian theories. He also organized a new
course of lectures on History, comprising such
subjects as the Decline of the Roman Empire, the
Feudal System, .Mohammedanism, the Crusades,
the Canon Law, the history of Labor, Transporta
tion, and the series of agencies which developed
the States System of Europe;. An extended course
of lectures was subsequently developed upon Po
litical Economy, which comprehended not only the
general principles of production, exchange, and
consumption as usually treated, but special and
exhaustive; discussions upon the Scientific The
ories of Money, the Banking System, Taxation.
International Commerce, and the Effects of Free
Trade and Protection upon National Prosperity,
these lectures being frequently illustrated by ex
amples taken from ancient and modern history.
He has also delivered lectures upon Constitu
tional Law. drawing comparative illustrations
from the Constitutions of the United States and
Great Britain, upon the Relation of Ethics to -Juris
prudence, which course was originally presented
at Cincinnati in IS70, and also upon Art Criti
cism, and the History of the Fine Arts, including
Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, and Engraving.
Besides the investigations necessary for the organ
ization of these definite courses of study, he has
preserved a scholarly interest in the other depart
ments of a collegiate course, especially Mathemat
ics, the Natural Sciences, Philology, and General
Literature.

His broad scholarship has yet been made tributary
and conducive to his work as a teacher and general
administrator. He has acquired knowledge in order
to impart it, and to make it the instrument of power
and the means of moulding character. As an ad
ministrative officer he holds a pre-eminent position
among educators. This is due, in great part, to the
magnetic inspiration which he gives to young men.
the personal supervision and interest which he man
ifests in all the departments of instruction, and the
common organic spirit which he impresses upon all
the educational agencies placed under his control.
While his attention and energies have been de
voted principally to the cause of education and the
interests of the institution with which he is con
nected, he has also taken an important part in re
ligious and denominational affairs. lie has deliv
ered sermons in various parts of the country, and

A XD Kit SON

ANDERSON

has rendered valuable assistance in organizing and
extending the work connected with American and
foreign missions. Ho lias been president of the
II une Mission Society, and for three years was
president of the Foreign Mission Society. lie has,
besides, been actively engaged in matters of social
and political importance, in which he has exhibited
the practical capacity of the man of affairs.

During the war of the Rebellion he was earnestly
devoted to the national cause. He wrote many
editorials and delivered stirring speeches in favor
of the Union, and rendered efficient service on com
mittees for the raising of soldiers. In 1868 he was
appointed on the Xe\v York State Board of Chari
ties as member from the seventh judicial district.
As member of this board he has served on commit
tees of investigation, and has written valuable re
ports to the Legislature upon economical subjects.
As a kind of recognition of his position as a public
man might be mentioned his election in 1872 as an
honorary member of the Cobden (Mill) in England.

The writings of President Anderson have been
considerable, although never published in a col
lected form. They have accompanied and grown
out of the work and special lines of inquiry in
which he has been engaged. They are comprised
for tin; most part in newspaper editorials, in arti
cles for reviews, in discourses and essays on educa
tion, religious addresses, papers on social science,
official reports, and articles for encyclopaedias.
Many of his editorials possess a permanent literary
value from their scholarly treatment of subjects
relating to religion, politics, and education. He
published, some years ago, a series of articles in
the Christian Itet ieic. the most important nf which
are the following: "The Origin and Political Life
of the English Race" (185(1), " Language as a
Means of Classifying Man" (1859), "Sir William
Hamilton s Lectures" (I860), " Berkeley and His
Works" (1861). "(Irowth and Relation of the Sci
ences" (1862). and "The Arabian Philosophy"
(1862). His discourses upon education comprise
among others his inaugural address on "The Ends
and Means of a Liberal Education," delivered July
11, 1854; a paper on the "Study of the Fine
Arts," published in the Report of the Commis
sioner of Education; a paper on the "Univer
sity of the Nineteenth Century," read before
the National Baptist Educational Convention ; a
paper on " Voluntaryism in Education," read be
fore the University Convocation of the State of
New York. Among his published religious ad
dresses may be mentioned an address delivered in
Brooklyn in 1874, on the " Laymen of the Baptist
Church," a speech at the Evangelical Alliance on
the "Doctrine of Evolution," a paper before the
same body on the " Right Use of Wealth." The
most important of his official reports are those

which he has made as member of the New York
State Board of Charities, upon "Out-Door Relief,"
and upon " Alien Paupers," published in the Eighth
Annual Report (1875), and also a report cm the
condition of the Institution for the Blind at Batavia.
N. Y. As a further illustration of his economical
opinions may be noticed a paper read before the
Social Science Congress at Saratoga, on the " Means
of Relief from the Burden of Foreign Paupers"
(187")). as well as a speech delivered at the Adam
Smith centennial, held in New York (1876). As
associate editor of -Johnson s Cyclopaedia, he has
contributed articles to that work on ethnology,
philosophy, aesthetics, and Baptist Church history.
All these writings are characterized by rhetorical
vigor and directness, and by the appropriation of
a wide range of knowledge for the purpose of
clearly illustrating and of giving weight and sig
nificance to the special subjects treated.

The most important part of the life and labors
of President Anderson has been devoted to the
general cause of education, and to the special in
terests of the University of Rochester. His edu
cational labors have scarcely been interrupted by
any cause whatever since his connection with this
institution. A severe illness in 1877, during which
his life was despaired of, compelled a temporary
discontinuance of his duties. But his complete
recovery has enabled him to resume his former
position, which he now fills with unabated vigor.

Anderson, Rev. Robert T., was the son of

John Anderson, an influential citizen and a zeal
ous Baptist. lie was born in Caroline Co., Ya.,
April 9. 1782, and was educated in the private
school of Rev. Mr. Nelson. At the age of twenty-
three he married Patsy Lowry, an accomplished
Christian woman, and in 1818 he moved to Green
Co., Ky. Here he found peace in Jesus, and was
baptized by William Warder in 1821. He was set
apart to the gospel ministry about the year 1829,
in Mount dilead church. The year following he
moved to Logan Co., Ky. In 1832 he took charge
of Hopewell church, in Tennessee. At different
periods he was pastor of Keysburg, Ilopkinsville,
West Union, and some other churches. He was
an able and laborious minister, and through grace
accomplished much for the Master. Mr. Anderson
was a distinguished educator, and was probably
the first man in the West who attempted to teach
letters to deaf-mutes. In this he succeeded so well
that he taught some of his pupils to articulate dis
tinctly. He died June 8, 1854.

Anderson, Thomas D., D.D., was born in Phil
adelphia. Pa., June 30, 1819. In his early years his
parents removed to Washington, D. C., where the
son received his academic training. He graduated
at the University of Pennsylvania in 1838, and at
Newton Theological Seminary in 1841. He was

A. \1 &gt;/, /; I! X

ordained
Baptist t
old clum
won his
[munity.
the good
pastorate 1

and settled in 1 842 as pastor of the First been seen, are never effaced from the memory,
liurcli of Salem. .Mass. Settled with this Dr. Anderson has been connected during nearly
b at the age of twenty-two years, lie soon the whole of his ministry witli the American Bap-
way into the hearts of the entire com- tist Missionary I liion. the American Baptist Home
Many useful lives have borne witness to .Mission Society, and all our denominational insti-
accomplished during the six years of that tutions. He has been a trustee of Newton Theo
logical Institute and of Madison University. He
has also, in addition to his pastorate;, for four years
administered the presidency of Rutgers Female
College, in the city of New York.

A morbid reluctance to appear in print has pre
vented I&gt;r. Anderson from submitting his writings
for publication, hence only occasional sermons and
addresses have been published. Among these are
t- A Funeral Oration on President Zachary Taylor"
before the citv government of IJoxbury. and The
Klection Sermon" before the executive and legis
lative departments of the irovernment of Massachu
setts. His degree of I &gt;. I), was bestowed by Brown
University in 1S.~&gt;&lt;I.

I&gt;r. Anderson resigned his charge in New York
in the autumn of 1878, and accepted a call to Boston.
A more devoted Christian or an abler pastor does
not labor in our denomination.

Andrews, Rev. Reddin, Jr., A.M., was born

in Fayette Co.. Texas, Jan. 18, JS4N. In July. I Soil

THOMAS 1). ANDERSON, D.I).

In June. 1848, he settled with the First Baptist
church in Uoxhury, Mass., remaining nearly four
teen years, during which the congregation largely
increased, the church erected one of the most beau
tiful edifices in the country, and he was instru
mental in bringing many to Christ. Constrained
by his convictions of duty, but sorrowing greatly to
leave his charge, Dr. Anderson accepted, in -Janu
ary, IStil*. the call extended to him to become the
pa&lt;tor of the First Baptist church of New York City.
In a few years the} built the beautiful edifice on
the corner of Thirty-ninth Street and Park Avenue,
which was dedicated Oct. 1. 1X71. The following
extract from the letter of a member of the New
York bar expresses the writer s opinion of the
pastor of the First church. N. Y. : "Dr. Anderson
is tall and commanding in appearance, has a mild
and pleasant expression of face, and his presence,
whether in or out of the pulpit, is attractive and
impressive. He is a man of marked purity of char
acter and sincerity and earnestness of purpose, an
accurate thinker, and strong and zealous in his con
victions. . . . As a preacher he probably has few
superiors. lie has no difficulty in securing the
attention of his hearers." Dr. Anderson s illus
trations are vivid pictures, which, having once

in his fifteenth year, he joined the Confederate
army, and remained in it two years. In July, IXGo,
he was baptized in the Colorado lliver l&gt;y Elder P.
B. Chandler, lie was licensed to preach by Shiloh
church in January, 1867. lie entered Baylor Uni
versity Fab. 4, 18G7, tind remained there, with some
interruptions, till June. 1X71. when he graduated

ANDREWS

with distinction. In September, 1871. he entered
the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Green
ville, S. C., where he remained till May, 1873. He
entered upon the pastorate with bright prospects,
and discharged its duties witli signal success. In
1875 he became a professor in Baylor University.
At present he is the beloved pastor of Culvert
church.

X&lt; man in Texas of his age stands higher for
scholarship, doctrinal soundness, firmness of pur
pose, and entire consecration to the gospel ministry.

Andrews, Newton Lloyd, Ph.D., Professor of

the Greek Language and Literature in Madison
University, was born in Faluns, N. Y., in 1841.
He prepared for college at the public, high school
in Xewark, X. -T., where his parents then resided.
In 1S58 he became a member of the First Baptist
church in that city, and the same year entered the
Freshman class of Madison University. He gradu
ated from the university in 1802. and from the
Hamilton Theological Seminary in 18d4. Imme
diately after he was appointed principal of the
(jirammar School, then connected with the nni-
versitv. From 18f&gt;() to IStjS he was Professor of
Latin, but in 1808 he was elected to the Greek
professorship, which department of instruction he
has since held. Hamilton College (Clinton. X. Y.)
conferred on him the degree of Ph.I&gt;. in 18,8.

Angell, EeV. George, was born in Smith field,
R. I.. March 24, 1781). In early life he was brought
in contact with skeptical companions, and at the
aire of twenty-one was a confirmed infidel. It
pleased God, however, to show him his error, and
lead him through tin; deep waters of conviction for
sin out into "the liberty wherewith Christ maketh
free. 1 He was baptized, and joined the First Bap
tist church in Providence in May, J80 ,l. Impressed
that it was his duty to preach the gospel, he applied
for a license from the church of which he was a
member, and received their approbation March 7,
1812, and was ordained as pastor of the Second
Baptist church in Woodstock, Conn., Aug. 8, 1813.
In June, 181f&gt;, he removed to Smithbridge, Mass.,
and became pastor of a church which was gathered
by his efforts and constituted in February. 1817.
In this relation he was blessed, the church growing
from year to year in spiritual strength and num
bers. Mr. Angell died Feb. 14, 1827. He had a
warm place in the hearts of his own people and of
his ministering brethren.

AngUS, Joseph, D.D., LL.D., was born in
Northumberland, England, Jan. Id. 18 10. His
family had been long connected with the Baptist
congregation in Newcastle, and when quite a youth
he became a member of the church and gave promise
of gifts for the ministry. After several years study
at the Newcastle grammar school he was sent to
King s College, London, and thence proceeded to

ANGUS

Edinburgh University. In 1834 he entered Stepney
College. London. Subsequently he returned to
Edinburgh, and took his degree of A.M., obtain
ing the first pri/.e in mathematics, in (Jreek, in
lou-ic. and in belles-lettres, and the gold medal in
ethics and political philosophy. He was also the
successful competitor for the students pri/.e essay
of fifty guineas "on the influence of the writings
of Lord Bacon." open to the whole university.
When he was scarcely twenty-one years of age lie
received a call to the pastorate of the New Park
Street church, London (now the Metropolitan Tab
ernacle), to succeed the venerable Dr. llippen. Dr.
Animus held the pastorate two years, and in 1840
accepted the appointment of co-secretary of the
Baptist Missionary Society with the Rev. W. Dyer,
on whose death, in 1842, he became sole secretary.
While he held the secretaryship the income of the
society was largely increased and steadily main
tained in its upward tendency. Missions were be-
jrun in Africa, in the West Indies, and on the Eu
ropean continent. He also visited the societies
stationed in the West Indies to complete the ar
rangements looking towards the independence of
the Jamaica churches. In 18."&gt;0 he was offered the
presidency of Stepney College, and retired from
the secretaryship of the Missionary Society. From
that time to the present Dr. Angus has been Un
distinguished head of that institution, now known
as Regent s Park College, and is one of the most
eminent public men of the Baptist faith in the
United Kingdom. His literary labors have been
abundant. After Dr. Chalmers s visit to London in
1838 to deliver a course of lectures in defense of
church establishments, a pri/.e of one hundred
iruineas was ottered for the best essay in answer
to Dr. Chalmers. The essay of the youthful pas
tor of New Park Street obtained the pri/.e, and was
immediately published under the title of " The Vol
untary System. Some years later he delivered a
series of four lectures on " The Advantages of a
Classical Education as an Auxiliary to a Commer
cial Education." Dr. Angus has been singularly
successful in writing prize essays and lectures.
Seldom has he entered the lists without obtaining
a pri/.e. In 18C.2 his essay entitled "Christian
Churches: the noblest form of social life; the
representatives of Christ on earth ; the dwelling-
place of the Holy Spirit," obtained the first award
out of a large number of competitors for the prizes
offered by the Congregational Union to celebrate
the bi-centenary of non-conformity in England.
At a later period a gentleman in the service of the
iiovernment in India invited the publication of a
small volume on the life of Christ, adapted to mis
sionary purposes, and suitable! for translation into
the languages of India. Dr. Angus s book, " Christ
our Life, in its Origin, Law, and End," obtained the

J/. A J.YNJN

prize out of sixty-four essays sent in to the. adju
dicators. He has been a frequent contributor to
the periodical literature of the dav, and several
valuable educational works have proceeded from
his ready pen. Among these may lie named "The
Bible Hand-book," published in 1854; "The Hand
book of the English Tongue. for students unac
quainted with the history of the language and its
principles of grammar, etc.: "The Hand-book of
English Literature." written with a similar aim.
and carrying the student farther on this valuable
line of study ; Specimens of English Literature."
illustrating the principles of criticism laid down in
the previous volumes ; also an edition of Bishop
Butler s Analogy and Sermons. Besides these
works, which are included in the Religious Tract
Society s publications. Dr. Angus has edited Wav-
land s "Moral Science" and "Life of Judson."
"VN hen the revision of the Scriptures was under
taken Dr. Angus was invited to become a member
of the New Testament Company, and in this great
public service he lias continuously labored to the
present time. On the passing of the education act
Dr. Angus was elected on the London school board,
and was re-elected in 1S77. lie has also held for
several years the office of examiner in English lit
erature and history in the London University. The
degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by Brown
University in 1852. From his brethren in England
lie received in 1X65 the highest honor they have to
confer in being chosen president of the Baptist
Union, when he delivered two addresses which had
a wide circulation. He enunciated the distinctive
principles of the body in a clear and striking man
ner, and effectively aided the movement towards
united and aggressive denominational activity. In
1871 he preached one of the annual sermons before
the Missionary Society, and by a cogent array of
statistics demonstrated the practicability of the
speedy evangelization of the world, so far at least
as to secure the publication of the gospel to all the
nations. For his devout spirit, varied accomplish
ments, and incessant activity Dr. Angus commands
the esteem and confidence of Christians of all com
munions in the mother-country.

Appelegate, James L., was born Sept, 3. 1830,

in Charleston Co., Mo. He was converted May 10,
1853, and baptized by Elder James II. Tattle. lie
first joined the Keytesville Baptist church, and
after five years membership united with the church
at Brunswick, Mo. In 1875 he transferred his
membership to the Third Baptist church of St.
Louis, where he now resides. lie is a member of
the board of William Jewell College, and of the
General Association of Missouri. He is a man
of intelligence and piety, a great friend of religious
work. lie loves his church and denomination, and
is a generous contributor to every good cause.

Appleton, Prof. John Howard, was bom in

Portland, Me.. Feb. 3. 1844. lie was fitted for
college in the Providence High School, and gradu
ated at Brown University in the class of ]8(&gt;3. In
18(&gt;4 he was appointed assistant in the Chemical
Laboratory of Brown I niversity. and in 1868 the
"Newport-Rogers Professor of Chemistry." Prof.
Appleton has published several books on chemis
try, viz.: " The Young Chemist." "The Class-
hook of Modern Chemistry," "The Book of Chem
ical Reactions." "A Short Course in Qualitative
Analysis," and "An Introduction to Quantitative
Analysis."

Ardis, Rev. Henry Z., a prominent minister
residing near Homer. La.: born in South Carolina
i in 1811. After preaching some time in his native
State he removed to Florida, where he labored effi
ciently for twenty-five years. He then went to
Louisiana in 187!. in which State he has filled
several prominent pastorates.

Arkadelphia High School, located at Arkadel-

phia. Ark., was established by Rev. J. F. Shaw in
1875. It is under the patronage of the Liberty
Baptist Association, and is in a flourishing condi
tion. During tin; term which closed June. 1880,
about 175 pupils were in attendance.

Arkansas. One of the States of the American
Union, lying west of the Mississippi River. Pop.
484.500. Baptists (estimated), whites, about 45. OIK) ;
colored, about 20.000. The sentiments of the Bap-
tists were first propagated towards the close of the
last century in the northeastern portion of Arkan
sas, which was then a part of the territory of Lou
isiana. A few zealous Baptist preachers followed
the title of population that flowed into this terri
tory from the settlements along the Mississippi
River in the southeastern part of Missouri. -Of
their labors it must be confessed too little notice
has been taken, and few records have been pre
served. Dr. Benedict, in his history, says, " Rev.
David Orr appears to have been the instrument
in planting a considerable number of the first
churches of which 1 have gained any information.
Cotemporary with Mr. Orr, or perhaps a short
time before him on this ground, were Benjamin
Clark. Jesse James, and J. P. Edwards. The first
church of our order organized in the territory of
Arkansas was at Fonche a Thomas, in Lawrence
County, towards the close of the last century.

At the end of twenty years a sufficient number
of churches had been gathered in the northeastern
part of the State to organize the White River As
sociation, and a few years later two other Associa
tions appear in this region.

The southern part of the State was settled some
what later. About 1830, Rev. E. B. Carter was
operating in Saline County, where he had proba
bly been living several years. By his instrumen-

A RKA NSA S

ARMITAVK

tality some of the first churches were organized.
Soun afterwards Isaac C. Perkins settled in Hemp-
stead County, and gathered a number of churches
in this ami the surrounding counties. In 183(5 the
churches in South Arkansas were organized into
an Association called Saline, from the county &lt;&gt;f
the same name in which most of the churches
were located. Soon after these early preachers
were joined bv others, the must distinguished of
whom was Dr. -John Meek, who settled in Union
County near the Ouachita River. In 1*41 the
anti-mission troubles resulted in the withdrawal
of a number of churches and ministers, and the
formation of an Association of the anti-mission
order. During the next decade many distin
guished ministers arose in this region. Among
those ordained here mav be named IF. II. Coleman.
Aaron Yates, -I. V. MeColloch, W. 11. Wyatt. R. -J.
Coleman, Dr. -John T. Craig, and R. M. Thrasher,
all of whom have exercised a wide influence in the
State. In 1S4."&gt;, Dr. F. Courtney settled at Eldo
rado, and the year following W. II. Bayless became
pastor at Tulip, and .Judge Rutherford began to
preach at Cainden. In 1847. A. E. Clemmons set
tled at Lewisville, and in 1S4S, Rev. Jesse Hartwell.
I).D., located at Cnmden. These were all men of
great ability, and gave character to the denomina
tion in this part of the State.

Previous to 1S44 there was no Baptist church in
all the region between the Ouachita and Mississippi
River south of what is now Dallas County. There
were a few Anti-Mission Baptists who about this
time gathered a small church. About the same
time Young R. Royal, a missionary Baptist
preacher, settled in Drew County, and Uriah II.
Parker, .Joel Tomme, and Robert Pully in Brad
ley. By their labors, assisted at a later day by B.
C. Hyatt, Solomon Gardner, and others, tne first
churches in this region were planted.

Subsequently, but chiefly since the war, churches
have been planted in that part of the State lying
between the Arkansas and Mississippi Rivers, and
in the northwestern part of the State, but. our space
does not allow of details. The following is a list of
Associations, with the date of their origin, as far as
we have been able to ascertain : White River, 1X20 ;
Spring River, KS29: Saline, 183G-, Washington,
1*37; Rocky Bayou. 1S40; Salem, 1840; Liberty,
1*45; St. Francis, 1S45; Red River, 1S4S ; Bar
tholomew, 1848: Columbia, 1852: -Judson. 1S54;
Pleasant Hill. lSf)4 : Friendship: Pine Bluff; Ca
roline; Little Red River; Baptist; Bartonville ;
Bethel; Caddo River: Cadron ; Cane Creek; Clear
Creek ; Concord ; Crooked Creek ; Dardanelles ; Fay-
etteville ; Independence; Mount Vernon ; Sprinir
Town; Mount /ion; Ouachita Sixth Missionary;
Springfield; State Corner; Union; Grand Prairie;
Antioch District; First Missionary; Ouachita.

Manv of the last mentioned are formed bv churches
composed of colored Baptists.

Arkansas Baptist Banner is published at Jud-

sonia, the seat of .Judson University. After the
suspension of the Western Baptixt in 187 .) Mr.
Joshua Hill started a Baptist paper at Beebe, in
White County, called The Arkansas Jiaptist. In a
little while Mr. Hill sold out to Rev. ). II. Ruber-
son. who changed the name to Arkansas Jittjitist
Banner, and removed it to -Judsonia. Mr. Ruber-
son subsequently sold to -James P. Green, by whom
the paper is still published.

Arkansas Baptist Convention was organized

in 1848. Its officers elected in 1879 were Rev. J.
M. Hart. Eldorado, President ; Rev. J. R. G. Adams,
Dardanelles. Recording Secretary ; Rev. Benjamin
Thomas, D.D., Little Rock, Corresponding Secre
tary.

Arkansas Baptist Index is a paper the publi
cation of which was begun at Texarkana, Ark., in
1880, by Rev. J. F. Shaw, in connection with Mrs.
Viola -Jackson, a lady of literary distinction in the
South. It is a small but ably-conducted sheet, and
circulates chiefly in the three States upon the
borders of which the city of Texarkana is situated.

Arkansas Baptist, The, a religious newspaper
devoted to the interests of the Baptist denomina
tion in Arkansas, was started at Little Rock, Jan.
15, 1859. It was edited by Rev. P. S. G. Watson,
and under his able direction it took rank among
the first religious journals in the South. It had
secured a good subscription list and was on the
way to prosperity at the breaking out of the war,
when it was compelled to suspend. This took
place in May. 1861. At the close of the war an
ineffectual effort was made to revive it by Rev. N.
P. More, but after a few issues it was found that
the unsettled state of the country was very un
favorable to the publication of a religious paper r
the enterprise was abandoned, and the State Con
vention adopted as its organ the Memphis Baptist,
with an Arkansas department, which supplied the
means of communication.

Arkansas, Northwestern General Associa
tion of, was organized a few years since, and is
accomplishing a good work.

Arkansas, Southeastern General Associa
tion of, was organized in 1874. The officers
elected in 1880 were Rev. John T. Craig, Edin-
burg. Moderator ; Rev. J. D. Searcy, Anover, Re
cording Secretary.

Armitage, Rev. Thomas, D.D., was born in

Yorkshire, England, in 1819. He is descended
from the old and honored family of the Armitages
of that section of Yorkshire, one of whom. Sir
John Armitage. of Barnsley, was create*] a baronet
by Charles I. in 1640. He lost his father in in
fancy, and his mother at six years of age. She was

A II MIT AGE

A It MIT AGE

the granddaughter of tin: Rev. Thomas Barrat, a

Wesleyan Methodist minister. She liad great faith
in Jesus, and prayed often and confidently for the
salvation of her oldest son, Thomas. At her death
ahe gave him her Bihle. her chief treasure, which
she received as a reward from her teacher in the
Sunday-school. Her last prayer for him was that
ho might he converted and become a good minister
of the Saviour.

REV. THOMAS ARMlTAdE, D.I).

The religious influence of his godly mother never
forsook him. While listening to a sermon on the
text, " Is it well with thee? his sins and danger
filled him with grief and alarm, and before he left
the sanctuary his heart was filled with the love of
Christ.

In his sixteenth year he preached his first ser
mon. His text was, "Come unto me all ye that
labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you
rest." The truth was blessed to the conversion of
three persons. lie declined pressing calls to enter
the regular ministry of the English Methodist
Church, but used his gifts as a local preacher for
several years.

Like many Englishmen he imbibed republican
doctrines, and these brought him in 1838 to New
York. He received deacon s orders from Bishop
Waugh, and those of an elder from Bishop Morris,
lie filled many important appointments in the M.
E. Church in Xew York, and when he united with
the Baptists he was pastor of the Washington
Street church in Albany, one of its most important
churches, where the Lord had given him a precious
revival and eighty converts. At this period his

influence in the M. E. Church was great, and its
highest honors were before him. When he was
first examined for Methodist ordination he expressed
doubts about the church government of the Meth
odist body, and about sinless perfection, falling from
grace, and their views of the ordinances; but he
was the great-grandson of a Methodist minister,
his mother was of that communion, and he himself
had been a preacher in it for years, and his mis
givings were regarded as of no moment. In 18. ! ,)
he witnessed a baptism in Brooklvn by the Rev.
S. Ilslcy. which made him almost u Baptist, and
what remained to be done to effect that end was
accomplished by another baptism in Albany, ad
ministered by the Rev. Jabez Swan, of Connecticut.
An extensive examination of the baptismal ques
tion confirmed his faith, and placed him without a
misgiving upon the Baptist platform in everything.
.Dr. Welsh baptized him into the fellowship of the
Pearl Street church, Albany. Soon after a council
was called to give him scriptural ordination. Dr.
Welsh was moderator; Friend Humphrey, mayor
of Albany, and Judge Ira Harris were among its
members. A letter of honorable dismissal from
the M. E. Church, bearing flattering testimony to
his talents and usefulness, was read before the
council, and after the usual examination he was set
apart to the Christian ministry in the winter of
1848. lie was requested to preach in the Norfolk
Street church, Xew York, in the following June.
The people were charmed with the stranger, and
so was the sickly pastor, the Rev. George Benedict.
He was called to succeed their honored minister,
who said to Mr. Armitage, " If you refuse this call
it will be the most painful act of your life." Mr.
Benedict never was in the earthly sanctuary airain.
Mr. Armitage accepted the invitation, in his twenty-
ninth year, July 1, 1848. In 1853-54 140 persons
were baptized, and in 1857 152, while other years
had great blessings.

The first year of his ministry in Norfolk Street
the meeting-house was burned, and another erected.
Since that time the church reared a house for God
in a more attractive part of the city, which they
named the " Fifth Avenue Baptist church." The
property is worth at least $150,000, and it is free
from debt. The membership of the church is over
700. In 1853, Mr. Armitage was made a Doctor
of Divinity by Georgetown College, Ky. lie was
then in his thirty-fourth year.

At a meeting held in Xew York, May 27, 1850,
by friends of the Bible, Dr. Armitage offered reso
lutions which were adopted, and upon which the
Bible Union was organized two weeks later, with
Dr. S. II. Cone as its president, and W. II. AVyc-
koff, LL.D., as its secretary. In May, 185G, Dr.
Armitage became the president of the society. In
this extremely difficult position he earned the repu-

ARMSTRONG

ARNOLD

tation of being one of the ablest presiding officers
in our country. The Bible Union readied its
greatest prosperity while he presided over its af
fairs.

Dr. Armitage is a scholarly man, full of infor
mation, with a powerful intellect; one of the
greatest preachers in the United States ; regarded
by many as the foremost man in the American
pulpit. We do not wonder that he is so frequently
invited to deliver sermons at ordinations, dedica
tions, installations, missionary anniversaries, and
to college students. As a great teacher in Israel,
the people love to hear him, and their teachers are
delighted with the themes and with the herald.

Seventeen years ago a gentleman wrote of Dr.
Armitage, "The expression of his face is one &lt;&gt;f
mingled intelligence and kindness. As he con
verses it is with animation, and his eyes sparkle.
His manners are easy, graceful, and cordial. lie
fascinates strangers and delights friends. Ho ap
pears before you a polished gentleman, who wins
his way to your esteem and affection by his exalted
worth." The description has been confirmed by
time.

Armstrong , Andrew, was born near Dublin.
in Ireland, and studied at Hamilton. He married
the daughter of Judge S\vaiin,of Pemberton, N. J.
He has been pastor at Upper Freehold. Lamhert-
ville, Tvingwood, Frenchtown. and New Brooklyn,
where he now ministers. While his preaching is
edifying to the spiritual body, he has also been
particularly blessed in leading congregations to
build meeting-houses and pay for them. He has
also acted as agent for the State Convention and
Education Societv.

Armstrong, Rev. George, M.A., was born in

Ireland, Dec. 5, 1814; brought when an infant by
bis parents to St. John s, Newfoundland, where
they continued till his sixteenth year; then re
moved with them to_Sydney, Cape Breton, where,
three years after, he was converted, and was in
the following year baptized by Rev. Dr. Crawley.
Studied at Horton Academy in LS. W-. JS, and grad
uated from Acadia College June, 1S44 ; ordained at
Port Medway, Nova Scotia, in 1S4S ; was sub
sequently pastor at Chester ; became in 1854 pastor
of the Baptist church, Bridgetown, Nova Scotia,
and so continued for twenty years ; then was pastor
at Sydney, Cape Breton, for two years ; was editor
of the dhi istian Visitor, St. John s, New Brunswick,
from January, 1876, for three years ; evangelized
in Newfoundland in the summer of 1879: and he
is now pastor of the Baptist church. Kentville,
Nova Scotia.

Armstrong, Rev. John. Mr. Armstrong was
born in Philadelphia, Pa.. November. 17 ( JS. He
graduated at Columbian College, I). C., in 1825.
Some time after he moved to North Carolina, and

was for five years pastor of the Newberne Baptist
church. He became a professor in Wake Forest
College in 1835, and for a time acted as agent of
the college. He went to Europe in 1837. and spent
two years in France and Italy, preparing himself
the better to discharge his duties as teacher. He
had as his companions in his voyage Dr. E. G.
Robinson, the distinguished president of Brown
University, and J. J. Audubon, the great natural
ist. In 1841, Mr. Armstrong accepted the pastor
ate of the Baptist church in Columbus, Miss., where
he married a lady of fortune. He died in 1844.
He is said to have been a fine scholar, a blame
less Christian gentleman, and an able and eloquent
preacher.
Arnold, Albert Nicholas, D.D., was born in

Cranston. R. I., Feb. 12, 1814. While engaged in
mercantile pursuits in Providence his mind became

ALBERT .NICHOLAS ARXOLD, Il.T).

interested on the subject of preaching the gospel.
Having decided to enter the ministry, he took the
full courses of study in Brown University and the
Newton Theological Institution, graduating from
the one in 1838, and from the other in 1841. He
was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in New-
buryport, Mass., Sept. 14, 1841, and in 1*44 re
ceived an appointment as a missionary to Greece,
where he remained ten years. Returning to his
native land, he was made Professor of Church His
tory at Newton, holding the office for three years.
For the next six years he was pastor of the Baptist
church in Westborough, Mass., for five years Pro
fessor of Biblical Interpretation and Pastoral The
ology in the Hamilton Theological Institution, and

ARNOLD

ARXOLD

for four years Professor of New Testament Greek in
the Theological Institution in Chicago. He resigned
in 1878, and for the last few years has had a home
near Providence, where he has been engaged in
such literary and other work as the state of his
health allows him to perform. Dr. Arnold is one
of the most accomplished scholars in the denomi
nation. Probably no man in the country is better
acquainted with modern Greek than he.

Arnold, Richard James, was bom in Provi
dence. 11. I.. Oct. 5. 17%. He came from an illustri
ous ancestry on the side of both father and mother.
Having graduated at Brown University, in the class
of !814, he studied law for a short time in the office
of the celebrated lion. Tristam Burgess. Not find
ing the study of this profession congenial to his
tastes, he became a merchant, in connection with
an older brother, and was especially interested in
the China trade. In 1823, having married a lady
living in the South, he made a home on his planta
tion in Georgia, in Bryan County, near Savannah,
spending his winters there, and his summers in
Rhode Island. Mr. Arnold took a deep interest in
the First Baptist church in his native city, where
he always worshiped when he was at his Provi
dence home. He was a trustee of Brown Univer
sity for nearly forty-seven years. His death oc
curred March 10, 1873.

Arnold, Hon. Samuel Greene, was born in
Providence, R. I., April 12, 1821, and was a grad
uate of Brown University in the class of 1841. lie
studied law at the Harvard School, where he re
ceived the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1845.
Soon after he went abroad, and spent several years
in study and travel, visiting first the different
countries of Europe, and thence passing to Egypt
and the Holy Land. In 1847 he crossed from
Europe to South America, where he spent a year,
chiefly in Chili. He returned to his home in
1848. He now gave himself to a work which he
had long meditated, the writing of a history of his
native State. The first volume of this work ap
peared in 1859, and was followed by the second in
1860. These two volumes comprise the annals of
the State of Rhode Island from the settlement in
1636 to the adoption of the Federal Constitution in
1790. This history, the result of careful study and
research, and thoroughly imbued with the true
llhode Island spirit, at once placed its author in
the front rank of American historians. Without
doubt it will always be a standard authority for
the period which it covers.

Mr. Arnold took a deep interest in all matters
affecting the prosperity of the First Baptist church
in Providence. For twenty-five years he was mod
erator of the society. In 1864 he projected a per
manent fund of 820.000. the interest of which was
to be appropriated to pay for the support of public

worship. He headed the subscription list with a
contribution of 85000. On the 25th of May, 1875,
he delivered a discourse commemorative of the one

1IO.V. SAMUEL (JKEK.N E .VRVOM).

hundredth anniversary of the dedication of the
meeting-house for public worship. In 1852, Mr.
Arnold was elected lieutenant-governor of the
State, and again in 1861, and a third time in 1862.
After his last election he was chosen to fill the un-
expired term of lion. James F. Simmons in the
Senate of the United States, and held office from
December, 1862, to March 3, 1863. Governor Ar
nold died in Providence, Feb. 13, 1880. He will
be long honored as the Christian scholar, patriot,
historian, and statesman.

Arnold, Rev. T. J., born in Ilendricks Co.. Ind.,
in 1835. moved to Iowa with his parents. Stephen
and Nancy Arnold ; baptized at Fairview in 1853 ;
was licensed to preach in 1854. He was educated
at Mount Vernon Methodist Academy and Pella
University. While studying he entered the min
istry as an evangelist, preaching at various places.
He was ordained while preaching for the Tola and
Coleridge churches. At Martinsburg was married
to Miss J. Smith, in I860, who proved herself a
faithful and devoted Christian wife. In 1875 he
moved to California; was pastor one year at Santa
Clara, two years at Reno and Virginia City, Nov..
and in 1879 he returned to California, and preached
as evangelist or pastor at Yallejo and Yountville,
precious revivals attending his labors in almost
every place. He has baptized about 400. and led
many others to Christ, who have been baptized by
the pastors whom he has assisted in revival meetings.

ARE AC AN

AKR AC AN

Arracan, Mission to. Arracan is a division
of British Burmah. It is bounded on the north by
the Bengal district of Chittagong, on the east by
the Yumadoung Mountains, which separate it from
independent Burniah and the British district of
Pegu, and on the south and west by the Bay of
Bengal. The population in 1871 was near half a
million, made up of Buddhists, Mohammedans,
Hindoos, and a few Christians. Its principal town
is Akyab. In the province there are four districts,
Akyab, Ramree. Sandoway, and Aeng. The at
tention of the Missionary Union was turned towards
Arracan as far back as 1835. when Mr. and Mrs.
Comstock were appointed by the board to begin a
mission at some suitable place on the coast of Ar
racan. The station selected by Mr. Comstock was
in the Ramree district, at the north point of Ram-
ree Island. Its name was Kyouk Plivoo, and the
place contained about 2000 natives, besides English
residents, troops, etc. Mr. Comstock commenced
his work in this village early in March. 1835.
Three months labor began to show some fruit, and
a spirit of inquiry was awakened among the people
about the new religion. The next year Mr. and
Mrs. Ingalls joined Mr. Comstock, and new energy
was given to the enterprise. During one of the
excursions of Mr. Comstock in the mountainous
districts he met with the Kyens, a branch of the
Karens, who seemed ready to welcome the good
tidings of salvation which were brought to them.
In the spring of 1837 another reinforcement was
made to the mission by the arrival of Mr. and Mrs.
Hall. Their connection with the mission was of
but brief duration, both of them dying within a
few months of the commencement of their work.
The station at Kyouk Pliyoo was abandoned in
November of this year on account of its insalubrity,
and a new station at Ramree was occupied by
Messrs. Comstock and Stilson in the spring of 1838.
The town in which they had made their residence
contained a population of 10,000 inhabitants. A
church was formed the 29th of May, and a school
commenced by Mrs. Comstock.

Messrs. Kincaid and Abbott began another Ar-
racanese station at Akyab in the spring of 1840.
It was not long before interesting inquirers ap
peared, and in May three persons were baptized.
The following August, 30 persons professed their
faith in Christ. The report was that " the pros
pects of the mission were good ; a mission house and
premises had been purchased, and Mr. Kincaid,
though his heart was still turned to Ava. was con
tent to abide in Arracan, according as the spirit of
God might be." In 1841 there was an additional
station commenced at Sandoway, under the charge of
Mr. Abbott, who reported 193 baptisms for the year,
and in the three stations there were 4 missionaries,
4 female assistants, and 27 native helpers.

One hundred and fiftv miles south of Akyab there
lives a tribe called the Kemees. From the chief of
this tribe, Chetea. there came early in May. 1841, a
message to the mission, entreating that the mission
aries would teach them about the true God. and give
them his holy book. In the following December a
similar message was sent, and Mr. Kincaid, ac
companied by Mr. Stilson. decided to visit the
Kemees. The visit was made, and good seed was
sown. Various changes took place in the Arracan
stations during the next two or three years. Mrs.
Comstock died April 28, 1843, and Mr. Comstock,
April 25, 1844. The Karen department, under the
special charge of Mr. Abbott, was greatly prospered.
During the year 1844, 2031) Karens were brought
by baptism into connection with the churches of
the Arracan missions. Mr. and Mrs. Ingalls ar
rived at Akyab in the spring of 1846. At the close
of this year there were 21) out-stations, and 324&lt;&gt;
members in the churches in Akyab and these out-
stations. Mr. Abbott, worn down with disease and
care, returned to his native land in the fall of 1845.
lie remained in the United States a little over two
years, and then returned to Sadowav. to have the
supervision of the Karen department. Mr. Moore
became connected with the Ramree stations in the
spring of 1848. Mr. Bcecher and Mr. Van Meter
were apppointed to the Sandoway station. In the
churches in this station and its out-stations there
was reported at the close of 1848 a membership of
4500, and 5124 unbaptized Christians, "who have
maintained as religious a life in all respects as
the members of the churches, only they were
not baptized/ The Karen department of the San
doway mission was removed to Bassan, and its con
nection with the Arracan mission ceased. The
station at Kyouk Phyoo was resumed in November,
1850. Mr. Rose joined the mission at Akyab in 1853.
The deputation to the East, Rev. Drs. Peck and
Granger, visited early in the year 1853 the stations in
Arracan, reported that the mission showed signs of
prosperity, and the Convention which met at Maul-
main recommended that, at once, these men be sent
to reinforce the mission. For a few years, however,
there was but little apparent success in Arracan.
The missionaries were removed by death, or by as
signment to other fields of labor. Mr. Satterlee
arrived in Arracan in September. 1855, and died the
following July. The executive committee, in their
annual report in 1857, say, * In view not only of the
unhealthiness of the Arracan climate, but also of
the demand for labor in Burin ah proper and else
where, and of the diminished supply, we respect
fully suggest that the mission he brought to a
close. The suggestion was carried out. and a
mission which at one time was so hopeful, and for
which so many valuable lives had been sacrificed,
ceased to exist.

ARROWSMITH

ASHMORE

Arrowsmith, Col. George, was born in Middle-
town, N. J., in 1839. He graduated at Madison
University at the age of twenty, and became tutor
in the Grammar School. In 1861 he went to the
war as captain of a company. He rose to be lieu
tenant-colonel in l;")7th Regiment, N. Y. Vols., and
was killed on the Gettysburg battle-field, July 1,
1863. lie was a brave man, and gave promise of
excelling in his profession.

Arvine, Rev. Kazlitt, was born in Western
New York in 1820. He was a graduate of the
AVesleyan University at Middletown, Conn., and of
the Newton Theological Institution. In 1845 he
wus ordained pastor of the church in Woonsocket,
11. I., where he remained two years, and then re
moved to New York to take charge of what was
known as the " Providence" church. His connec
tion with this church continued but a few months,
on account of failing health. Respite from minis
terial labor so far restored him that he accepted a
call to become pastor of the church in West Boy Iston,
Mass. Here he continued until his removal to
Worcester, to avail himself of medical treatment for
the disease which finally caused his death. This
event took place at AVorcester, July 15, 1851. Mr.
Arvine is best known as the compiler of the " Cy
clopaedia of Moral and Religious Anecdotes," a
work which has obtained a flattering circulation.
A volume of his poetical productions was also pub
lished, which was well received. He was a man of
refined and scholarly parts, and his comparatively
short life was not spent in vain.

Ash, John, LL.D., was a native of Dorsetshire,
England. Early in life he was drawn to the Sa
viour, after which he un ited by baptism with the
church at Loughvvood, near Lyme. He was edu
cated at Bristol College, in which he made remark
able progress in learning. In 1751 he became
pastor of the church at Pershorc. In his youth
he was distinguished for his mathematical attain
ments, for which he was commended in the peri
odicals of the day. Ivimey says that "his philolog
ical works, his elaborate grammar, and dictionary
are universally known and highly prized. The
learning which marked his writings secured for
him in 1774 the degree of Doctor of Laws. His
religious opinions were Paul s, without any human
additions. He lived honored for his great abilities
and learning, and he died in the full enjoyment
of the peace of God in 1779.
Asher, Rev. Jeremiah, was born in North

Branford, Conn., Oct. 13, 1812. Rucl Asher, his
father, was born in the same place. Gad Asher,
his grandfather, was a native of Africa, from which
he was stolen when about four years of age, and
brought to East Guilfurd, now Madison, Conn., and
there sold to Linus Bishop, who gave him his bib
lical name.

Mr. Asher was licensed to preach by the First
Baptist church of Hartford, Conn., and he became
pastor of a church in Providence, R. I., soon after,
where he labored with much acceptance. Subse
quently he became pastor of the Shiloh Baptist
church of Philadelphia. In this field his talents and
labors were highly appreciated, and he speedily se
cured the respect of a numerous circle of friends.
Finding that his church was heavily burdened with
debt, he sailed for England to secure funds for its
extinction. He carried credentials with him from
leading Baptist ministers of the city of Brotherly
Love, attested by the mayor, and he was received
with kind greetings and considerable gifts by the
British churches.

After his return he entered upon his pastoral
labors with renewed vigor, and he had the happi
ness of seeing the Shiloh church increasing its
numbers and growing in the grace of our Lord
Jesus Christ. For a time he was a chaplain to a
colored regiment in the army. He died in the en
joyment of a blessed hope.

Mr. Asher was a clear thinker, an able gospel
preacher, a Christian of undoubted piety, and a
minister widely known and highly respected by
Baptists and by other Christians of both races.

Ashley, Rev. William W., was born in Hills-
borough, N. C., in 1793. His early studies were in
terrupted in consequence of his entering into mili
tary service in 1814. He was in Mobile when the
battle of New Orleans was fought. He became a
subject of converting grace in the fall of 1815. and
united with a Free-AVill Baptist church. He was set
apart to the work of the ministry in 1817, and for
some time itinerated as an evangelist in the Southern
and Southwestern States. He was in Nova Scotia
in 1821, laboring with great zeal and energy, lie
was settled as a Free-AVill Baptist minister in sev
eral places, but in the later years of his life, his
views becoming Calvinistic, he connected himself
with the regular Baptists, and was pastor of
churches in Barnstable and Harwich, Mass. Mr.
Ashley was a warm advocate of temperance. In
the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia
he established or assisted in organizing over 300
temperance societies. At the time of his death
two of his brothers and five of his sons were in the
Baptist ministry. He died at South Gardiner,
Mass., June 6, 1860.

Ashmore, William, D.D., was born in Putnam,
0., Dec. 25, 1821. He was a graduate of Gran-
ville College, and of the Covington Theological
Institution. In 1848 Jie was ordained pastor of
the Baptist church at Hamilton, 0. The following
year he received an appointment as a missionary
to the foreign field, and sailed from New York
Aug. 17. 1850, for China, arriving at Hong-Kong
Jan. 4, 1851, and at Bangkok, April 14, 1851. He

ASHTOX

ASSAM

applied himself with conscientious diligence to the
acquisition of the Chinese language, and was soon
able to come into closer contact with the people.
Excursions were made to the adjacent villages and
out-stations selected for occupancy. Mr. Ashmore
labored from house to house, conversing with the
inmates, distributing tracts, and in such ways as
his wisdom dictated sought to bring home the
truth to the hearts and consciences of the people.
In this kind of \vork. quiet and unostentatious, the
faithful missionary labored on for several years.
The health of Mrs. Ashmore made it necessary that
her husband and herself should leave Bangkok for
a season. The hope that the change would benefit
her was doomed to be disappointed. She died at
sea, off the Cape of Good Hope, May 19, 1858. A
lady of rare qualities of mind and heart, her death
was a sad loss to her bereaved husband. The Jan
uary previous to her death Dr. Ashmore had been
transferred to Hong-Kong, which, for some time,
continued to be the scene of his missionary toils.
It was his purpose to have gone to Swatow, to la
bor among the Chinese in the Tie Chin district, but
his health was so poor that he was compelled to
abandon his purpose and return to his native land,
which he reached in the summer of 1SG(). In the
month of July. I8i&gt;4. he returned to China, accom
panied by his second wife, the youngest daughter
of Judge Dunlevy, of Lebanon, 0. Another lo
cality having been better suited to missionary pur
poses than Swatow, Dr. Ashmore and the other
missionaries removed to Kak-Chie, not far from
their former residence. Several out-stations were
under his charge, and the work progressed success
fully, taking into consideration all the circumstances
under which it was done. The number of church
members under the watch-care of Dr. Ashmore in
1870 was 142. lie reports for the next year 40
persons baptized, and for the next, 42. In 1875,
Dr. and Mrs. Ashmore returned to the United
States on account of the poor health of Mrs. Ash-
more. On their return-trip they readied Swatow
about the 1st of December, 1877, " very much to the
relief and gratification of the other missionary."
Under date of April, 1878, Dr. Ashmore writes a
hopeful letter, as lie sums up what has been ac
complished within the past dozen years, and adds,
"We have had some 20 applicants for baptism.
12 of these were baptized." The latest intelligence
from him was under date of July 15. when at the
monthly church-meeting there were 15 or 10 can
didates for baptism. That the life of so valuable a
missionary as Dr. Ashmore may be spared we may
earnestly pray.

Ashton, Rev. William E., was born in Phila
delphia, Pa., May IS, 1793. At the age of ten he
first became interested in the salvation of his soul.
At sixteen he was baptized into the fellowship of the

Second Baptist church of his native city. He
studied under Dr. Staughton, and in his twenty-
second year he was ordained pastor of the Baptist
church of Ilopevvell, X. J. He afterwards served
the church of Blockley, Philadelphia, as pastor,
and then the Third church, Philadelphia, in which
he labored till his death. Mr. Ashton was a ripe
scholar, and possessed that polished ease and cul
ture which made him welcome in any social circle.
His talents otherwise were respectable, and his
piety was felt and seen by all who knew him. He
was a useful minister of the Lord Jesus, whom his
denominational brethren delighted to honor, and
other Christians highly esteemed. Princeton Col
lege in 1830 gave him the degree of Master of
Arts.

Assam, Mission to. On the northwestern fron
tier of Burmah lies the country of Assam, stretch
ing across the plains of the Brahmaputra, from 70
to 100 miles in breadth, and extending on the north
east to the very borders of China. Many races in
habit this larjie territory. The inhabitants are
known by the general name of Slums, which word
by changes of the language lias become Assam.
Since 182G the country has been under British rule.
The conclusion to commence a mission in Assam
was reached in 1835, and Messrs. Brown and Cutter
were sent to Sodiya, in the northeastern part of
the country. Messrs. Thomas and Bronson joined
them July 17. lS3f&gt;. The missionaries entered
upon their work with great zeal. The language
was learned and reduced to printing. Roman letters
being used; tracts were prepared, and portions
of the New Testament published and freely circu
lated. There are now several stations in Assam,
of which we give a brief sketch.

1. Gowahati. A church was formed in this place
in February, 1845. Rev. Mr. Dan forth arrived there
in May, 18-18, and having acquired the language
began at once a career of great usefulness. Schools
were established, buildings were erected, hopeful
conversions took place, and the church was enlarged.
Mr. Dan forth made extensive tours into the adjacent
regions, and by means of tracts and religious books,
as well as with the living voice, he reached large
numbers of the people, and much good seed was
sown. The liberality of the English residents in
Gowahati furnished the means for the erection of
a pleasant chapel, 65 feet by 25, which was dedicated
the first Sabbath in February, 1853. For many
years the mission at Gowahati was in a verv de
pressed condition. Under the labors of Mr. Comfort
and his assistants there has been steady progress
from year to year. Mr. Comfort s efforts among
the Garos have; been especially blessed. His
health failing, Dr. Bronson removed to Gowahati in
1874. The work seemed to receive a new impulse,
and in the report of the executive committee for

A $8 AX

1875 we find 28 baptisms recorded, ;vnd 102 church
members ; and the next year 1 1 1 baptisms, and the
following year 14S. At this time, 1880, the number
of baptisms last reported was 118, and the church
membership 378.

2. Gowalapara is the English civil and military
station for the district in which the Garos live; it
is situated on the south bank of the Brahmaputra.
From this Assamese station the missionaries go
forth to preach the gospel to the Garos, who live
among the hills on the south of the river. In the
spring of 1867. Dr. Bronson visited this interest
ing people and baptized 26 of them, and formed
them into a church. Mr. Stoddard and his family
were stationed at Gowalapara in the i all of 1867.
In the spring of 1868 he and Dr. Bronson made a
five weeks tour among the Garos. preaching, bap
tizing, establishing schools, etc. They returned to
Gowalapara greatly encouraged by what they had
seen of the good work of the Lord among the
Garos. So much interested were the English au
thorities in the success of the missionaries that they
cheerfully granted them pecuniary aid in carrying
on the schools. The increasing labors of the mis
sionaries called for reinforcements, and the appeal
was responded to. Others have gone to this most
promising iield, and have been greatly encouraged
in their work. From the last report we learn that
there are nine churches in the district of which
Gowalapara is the centre, and in these churches
there are 704 members.

3. Nowgong. This place was made a station in
1841. Dr. Bronson established an orphan institu
tion in 1843 in Nowgong, which accomplished great
good, not only in promoting the temporal welfare of
the children gathered within its walls, but in the
conversion of many of them. In 1856 this insti
tution took on somewhat the character of a pre
paratory and normal school. In consequence of
the smallness of the appropriations for its sup
port and the fewness of its pupils it was thought
best to suspend it in 1857. Various circumstances
transpired to weaken and almost destroy the station
at Nowgong. For several years but little progress
was made. The efforts of the missionaries among
the Mikirs were fruitful for good. Dr. Bronson
after laboring faithfully for many years returned
to the United States in 1869, and the station was
placed in the charge of Rev. E. P. Scott and his wife.
Mr. Scott died in May, 1870. Dr. Bronson returned
to Nowgong early in 1871, and with invigorated
health resumed his work, employing himself in the
Assamese department, and Rev. Mr. Neighbor,
who had joined him, in the Mikir department.
Dr. Bronson removed to Gowahati in 1875. At
present there is one church with 106 members.

4. Sibsagor. The Sibsagor station was com
menced in 1841. It has been the headquarters

from which excursions have been made to the Naga
hills, where successful evangelical work has been
done. The lamented Dr. Ward and his wife de
serve honorable mention in connection with this
station. There was reported in May last one
church with 126 members.

The mission in Assam has on the whole been a
successful one, especially in its connection with the
Garos. We may confidently look for large results
in the future in this mission.

Associations, Baptist. According to Dr. Un
derbill an association or general assembly of the
churches in Somersetshire and the adjacent coun
ties, in England, was formed about 1653. several
meetings of which were held during succeeding
years at Wells, Tivcrton, and Bridgewater. Others
are under the impression that regular Associations
Avere instituted at a later period, and that they
sprung from the inconvenience of meeting in larger
bodies than those gathered in Somersetshire. The
first general assembly, representing the nation, met
in London in September, 1689; it was composed
of delegates from more than a hundred churches
scattered over England and Wales ; it gave its
sanction to the celebrated creed now known with
additions as the Philadelphia Confession of Faith.
This convention disclaimed all "power to prescribe
or impose anything upon the faith or practice of
any of the churches of Christ," even though they
were represented in the assembly ; and the}- further
resolved "that whatever is determined by us in
any case shall not be binding upon anyone church
till the consent of that church be first had." In
it every motion about " counsel or advice had to
be proved out of the Word of God, and the Scrip-
I tures given with the fraternal counsels." The
messengers composing the assembly brought let
ters from the churches commending them to it.
Its "breviats" or minutes were "transcribed." and
a copy sent to every church. The assembly, at a
time when traveling was expensive and dangerous,
was found to be inconvenient, and Associations,
with exactly the same aims and powers, took the
place of the larger body. This is Crosby s account.
Ivimey states that one Association of west of Eng
land Baptist Churches met in Bristol and another
in Frome in 1692. These Avere probably the first
regular Baptist Associations of modern times.

The Philadelphia Association Avas formally es
tablished in 1707, and it has lived and flourished
ever since. Dr. Samuel Jones, in his "Century
Sermon," published in the volume of " Minutes
from 1707 to 1807," informs us that this body orig
inated in what were " called general and sometimes
yearly meetings." These meetings were com
menced in 1688, and in many of their features
they appear to have been Associations. But in
1707 they had regular delegates from Lower Dub-

ASSOCfATTOXS

ATLANTA

lin, Middletown, Cohansie, Piscataqua, and Welsh
Tract, the five churches composing the Association ;
and their meetings instead of being almost exclu
sively devotional, became assemblies for worship
and for Ilie transaction of considerable business
for their churches. We have now 1005 Associations
in the United States.

Associations, The Oldest American Baptist.

The Philadelphia Association, 1707.

The Charleston Association, South Carolina,
1751.

The Sandy Creek Association, North Carolina,
1758.

The Kehukee Association, North Carolina, 1765.

The Ketocton Association. Virginia, 17b 0.

The Warren Association, Rhode Island, 17*&gt;7.

The Stonington Association, Connecticut, 1772.

The Red Stone Association, Pennsylvania. 177&lt;&gt;.

The Xew Hampshire Association, New Hamp
shire. 177&lt;).

The Shaftesbury Association, Vermont. 1781.

The Woodstock Association, Vermont. 178M.

The Georgia Association, Georgia, 1784.

The Holston Association, Tennessee, 1780.

The Bowdoinham Association. Maine. 1787.

The Vermont Association, Vermont, 1787.

Atkinson, Rev. Wm. D., was born in GreeneCo.,
S. C., Nov. 17, 1818. He died Oct. 17, 1879. His

moved to Georgia and settled in Greene County.
Win. D. Atkinson, after four years of academical
preparation, entered Mercer University in 1844 and
graduated in 1848. He had been converted and
baptized in the fall of IS)) .), was licensed by Shiloh
church soon after graduation, and was ordained in
Monticello, Ga., in September, 1848. For thirty
years he served various churches in Monroe, Jasper,
Harris, Greene, Glynn, Pierce, and Tatnall Coun
ties, lie was an industrious, energetic, and sym
pathizing pastor, and an earnest, forcible, and sen
sible speaker, wielding great influence over bis
audiences. His piety was most sincere, and in
labors he was truly abundant. He taught school
frequently, and was a successful instructor, and as
| an advocate of the temperance cause he was earnest
and uncompromising. That he baptized more than
a thousand persons proves his success as a pastor.
He turned many to righteousness. In erecting
houses of worship, in building up weak churches,
and in enlisting the pious endeavors of church
members he proved himself a master-workman.
Above medium size, he was also large in heart and
soul. His death produced a profound sensation in
Southern Georgia, where he was laboring at the
time, and all classes and persuasions united in per
forming the last sad duties to his remains, exclaim
ing. His place can never be filled!"

VTLAXTA THEOLOGICAL SEM1XARY.

jiter nal grandfather was a North Carolinian, who | Atlanta Theological Seminary. This semi-
fught in the Revolutionary war, and at its close nary, for the education of colored Baptist ministers

ATONEMENT

in Georgia, is sustained chiefly by the American
Baptist Home Mission Society, whose headquar
ters are in Xe\v York. The building is very
neat and appropriate. This seminary lias been in
existence eight years. It was located for a time in
Augusta, under the name of the " Augusta Insti-

t~ &gt;

tute." It lias given instruction to 2% students,
of whom 1ST wore ministers, or candidates for the
ministry. It contains now 100 students, GO of
whom are preparing for the pulpit.

Atonement, The. The atonement is a transfer
of our i/nilf to Jesus. This doctrine is strikingly
foreshadowed by the Jewish scapegoat. Of it
Moses says, " And Aaron shall lay both his hands
upon the head of the live goat, and confess over
him all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and
all their transgressions in all their sins, putting
them upon the head of .the goat, and shall send
him away by the hand of a fit man into the wilder
ness ; and the goat shall bear upon him all their
iniquities unto a land not inhabited; and he shall
let go the goat in the wilderness." Lev. xvi. 21,
22. The blood of the goat was not spilled, no blo\v
was inflicted upon it; but the sins of the children
of Israel were typically placed upon it to prefigure
the transfer of our sins to the Son of God. In the
case of the scapegoat the transfer was figurative,
in the Saviour s it was literal. " lie was numbered
with the transgressors, and he bare the sin of
many. Isa. liii. 12. The Lord hath laid on
him the iniquity of us all." Isa. liii. 6. " For
he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no
sin ; that we might be made the righteousness of
God in him." 2 Cor. v. 21. Paul shows that he
means the actual transfer of our guilt to Christ by
saying, " Who knew no sin," that is, of his own ;
he was made sin, he says, by reckoning our sins to
him, not by any sins which he committed. The
word translated sin cannot mean a sin-offering in
this text, for it is contrasted with righteousness. If
the one is a sin-offering the other must be a right
eousness-offering ; but the word translated right
eousness has no such meaning. And sin, not a
sin-offering, must be the sense of the word in this con
nection. This is the common use of the word else
where. Men may put forth as many philosophical
pleas as their ingenuity can furnish, but according
to Paul the sins of the whole saved family were
reckoned to transferred to Jesus.

The atonement is a transfer of our pains to Jesus.
The entire sufferings demanded by our sins were
inflicted upon the Saviour. Isaiah liii. 5, says, "He
was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised
for our iniquities ; the chastisement of our peace
was upon him ; and with his stripes we are healed."
Here he suffers the innocent for the guilty, he
takes our wounds, our bruises, and the chastise
ment of our peace; and his stripes give perfect

healing to the soul; "the blood of Jesus Christ,
God s Son, shed by the transferred pains of the
believing family, cleanses us from all sin. Christ
lived and died as the proper substitute of his peo
ple ; so that his acts were theirs, and all his pains.
This doctrine is foreshadowed by the death of the
paschal lamb, and all the sacrifices of the law of
Moses; and it is presented in all its fullness by the
dread scenes of Calvary. As Peter says in his
First Fpistle, iii. IS, For Christ also hath once
suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he
illicit bring us to God." The believer has lost his
sins and pains eternally in the death of his loving
Lord.

The desiijn of the atonement was to satisfi/ the
mercv of God. The heart of God is a fountain of
love continually overflowing, and nothing can keep
in its bursting streams. To gratify this irresistible
affection of Jehovah Jesus became a man and en
dured our pains, and our death ; and now God is
in Christ reconciling the world unto himself not
imputing their trespasses unto them." He is busy
by his Spirit removing the blind hatred to himself
of human hearts, that his love in the crucified
Lamb might bring multitudes to trust and love
him.

The atonement was also intended fo meet the de
mands of Gotl s /aw. It complies with these per
fectly. In the obedience and death of Christ the
precepts of the law have been fulfilled and its pen
alties have been endured, and he is " the end of the
law for righteousness to every one that belicveth."
Rom. x. 4. That is, he is its completion, \is J uJjUt-
ment; and when a soul trusts the Saviour the law
justifies him and gives him the righteousness which
Christ acquired when he obeyed its precepts and
suffered its penalties. Even the righteousness of
God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and
upon all them that believe." Rom. iii. 22. More
over, the law demanded for God supreme love from
men, and a holy life. And when the Spirit changes
a human heart, and gives the faith which secures
the forgiveness of God in the soul, the happy re
cipient is melted in adoring gratitude before ;he
Redeemer, and his heart looks up to God whil it
says, "Whom have I in heaven but thee? And
there is none upon earth that I desire besides thee.
And the spirit of grace leads him into the holy
dispositions and practices enjoined by the pure la\\
of Jehovah.

The atonement transfers our sins and pains t&lt;
Christ our substitute, and by faith in Jesus it open
up to the soul a channel through which God s pa&gt;
doning love may reach and rejoice it, and by wlnci
the Spirit s sanctifying grace may purify the hear,
and fit it for the everlasting rest.

Atwell, Rev. George Benjamin, son of Re.
George and Esther (Rogers) Atwell ; born in Lyiw,

AUGUSTA 49

Conn., July 9, 1793 ; his mother was a sister of
llev. Peter Rogers, of Revolutionary fame; his
father a worthy preacher of his time; converted
when nine years old : licensed to preach by the
Second Baptist church in Colchester, Conn., in
1820; ordained in Longmeadow, Mass., in 1822,
the first Baptist minister in the place; pastor in
West Woodstock, Conn., ten years ; in Cromwell
one year ; in Meriden two years ; in Canton ten
years; in Pleasant Valley twelve years; was dis
tinguished for his originality of expression, purity
of life, nobleness of character, and fidelity to his
calling; died in Pleasant Valley, April 23, 1879,
in his eighty-sixth year. A record of his worthy
life has been given to the public in a volume of
"Memorial Sketches, by his daughter, Harriet G.
At well.

Augusta, Ga., First Baptist Church of. The
First Baptist church in Augusta originated thus,
to quote from the earliest church record : " In the
year 1817. Jesse D. Green, a layman, was active in
gathering together the few scattered Baptists in
Augusta, and, after holding one or more prelimi
nary meetings, the brethren and sisters, to the num
ber of eighteen, had drawn up and adopted a cov
enant, to which they affixed their names." This
was styled The Baptist Praying Society." On
the fourth Saturday and Sunday in May, 1*17, the
society assembled in the court-house, and were
regularly constituted, by the advice and assistance
of brethren Abraham Marshall, Matthews, Car
son, and Antony. Brother Matthews preached
from Matt. xvi. 18. At the various meetings of
1818, and during the early part of 181 .). llev.
Abraham Marshall acted as pastor. Subsequently,
by his advice, Rev. Jesse Mercer was elected pas
tor, but declined to accept. In 1820, llev. Wm. T.
Brantly was chosen to the pastoral oflice, and con
sented to serve without any pecuniary consideration
for his services, .and, by permission of the trustees,
services were held twice every Lord s day in the
chapel of the academy, of which Dr. Brantly was
rector. Through his exertions a lot was secured,
and a brick house which cost $20,000 was built and
dedicated May 6, 1821. A large congregation was
soon collected. Dr. Brantly s labors were greatly
blessed, many conversions followed, and members
were added, embracing in some instances men and
women of prominence and wealth ; and when Dr.
Brantly resigned, in 182f&gt;, the church was able to
give his successor a comfortable support. Perhaps
the church owes more to Dr. Wm. T. Brantly, Sr.,
than to any other man. Since his time it has gone
steadily forward, increasing in strength and use
fulness, sending out four colonies, and aiding all
the grand enterprises sustained by the denomina
tion. The list of pastors embraces the following:
Rev. James Shannon, from 1820 to 1829, a distin-

A UZTIX

guished scholar, under whose labors the church was
prospered ; Rev. C. D. Mallory, from 1829 to 183").
Earnest in godliness, he was a great blessing to the
church. Rev. W. J. Hard succeeded, and labored
faithfully until 1839. In the autumn of 1840, Rev.
Win. T. Brantly. the younger, took charge, and
continued in office eight years. During his term
of office several precious revivals occurred, and
much good fruit resulted to bless the church. It
was found necessary to enlarge the liouse in 1846
to accommodate the congregation. The belfry then
erected contains the bell, a present from Wm. 11.
Turpin. for more than forty years a devoted friend
and member of the church. Brief pastorates then
ensued of Rev. N. G. Foster and Rev. C. B. Jan-
nett. Dr. J. G. Binnev was pastor from 1852 to
1855, when he resumed missionary work in Bur-
mah. During his ministry twenty feet more were
added to the rear of the building. Rev. J. E.
Ryerson, a mo&lt;t eloquent man, followed, serving
until 1*60. Dr. A. J. Hunting-ton then became
pastor, and continued in charge until the summer
of 18i )"). llev. J. II. Cuthbort was his successor,
under whose earnest ministrv the church was re
vived, and some valuable additions made to the
membership. The next pastor was Rev. -lames
Dixon, who served until 1*74; then Dr. M. B.
Wharton took charge and labored one year very
successfully. By his advice, and under his super
intendence, a chapel or lecture-room, which is with
out a superior in the State, was added to the build
ing. Dr. Wharton was succeeded by Rev. W. W.
Landrum, who has been in charge since Feb. 18,
1876. This church is perhaps the second Baptist
church in the State as regards the influence, wealth,
and the social position of its members, coming next
after the Second Baptist church of Atlanta. Its
building, in which the Southern Baptist Convention
was oiganized in 1845, though not architecturally
beautiful and commanding, is capacious and com
fortable. With one exception it is the largest Prot
estant audience-room in the city. Its location is
central, and now, as when first selected, on one of
the most eligible lots in the city.

Austin, Rev. Richard H., born in Uniontown,
Pa., Oct. 19, 1831, was converted in early life, and
united with the Methodist Church : graduated in
the Law Department of Madison College, Pa., and
afterwards practiced in the courts of Fayette Co.,
Pa. In 1856 he was baptized at rniontown, by
Rev. I. D. King; was ordained in 1857. and settled
as pastor of the church at Brownsville, Pa. ; was
subsequently pastor at Pottsville, Meadville, and
Franklin, Pa. Failing health obliged him to with
draw from the pastorate, and he entered upon a
business life. His labors soon became abundantly
remunerated, and in recognition of God s claim
upon his accumulating wealth he scattered and still

AUSTRALIAN

A YKR

increased. Many needy churches ;in&lt;l pastors be-
Celine the recipients of his benefactions, and he
delighted to honor God with his substance. In
1ST . lie was elected president of the I ennsvlvanin
Baptist General Association. This position lie still
holds, and. having retired from active business pur
suits, he labors with x.eal and liberality to advance
the interests of State mission work. lie is also a
member of the board of curators of the university
at Lewisburg. lie is an earnest preacher, and has
a warm heart and ready hand for every good word
and work.

Australian Baptists. The earliest mention in
official reports of the churches founded by the Bap
tists in Australia is in the appendix to the account
of the session of the Baptist, I nion of Great Britain
and Ireland, held in London. April 19-124. 1*44. It
is there stated that the following churches had been
established: Sydney. 3: Port -Jackson. 1: Port
Philip. 1 ; Van Piemen s Land. 2 ; South Australia,
2: in all. nine churches. The number of mem
bers does not appear, and probably was very small,
the colonies being then in their infancy. During
the next twenty years the population of the several
colonies greatly increased, and the steady stream
of immigration from the mother-country strength
ened the existing churches and promoted the for
mation of others. In 1X6.") the ollicial report of the
Baptist I nion stated that there were 26 churches
in Australia and 2 in New /calami, nearly all of
them having pastors. The 2 churches in Mel
bourne reported an aggregate; membership of 7-7,
but most of the others wen; small, only 1 besides
having more than 100 members. During the next
few years some efforts were; made in England to
secure for the Australian field the services of min
isters of superior training and ability, and the prin
cipal cities were supplied with pastors whose pres
ence and efforts gave an impetus to denominational
growth. In 1874 there were 22 churches in New
South Wales, 10 in Queensland, 41 in South Aus
tralia, ")1 in Victoria, 14 in New /ealand, 3 in Tas
mania, or A"an Piemen s Land. The population
of Victoria was 731,f&gt;3X. and the aggregate Baptist
membership about 1701). From the Baptist Union
report for the present year (1SSO) it appears that
much has been done in later years to consolidate
and unify the denomination. Scarcely any of the
Australian churches are unassociated, and societies
for promoting missions in foreign countries, for suc
coring weak churches, and for educating students
for the ministry are in regular working order.
The Victorian Association reports 34 churches,
with a membership of 2636, and 19 branch schools
and stations, 367 Sunday-school teachers, and 3880
scholars. Besides a home mission, this Association
supports several native missionaries in India. The
South Australian Association has 38 churches and

5 preaching stations. 21 preachers engaged in min
isterial work, and 231 I members. The New South
Wales Baptist Union reports 14 churches and 4
stat ions. 7 1 6 members. 1 03") Sunday-school scholars,
II* teachers, and it circulates a denominational
paper. The Queensland Association has 21 churches
and stations, 729 members, 10 pastors, not including

6 German Baptist churches, with a membership of
about 300. In Xew /ealand there is 1 Association
in the south of the island, with 7 churches, and there
are about twice as many unassociated. The aggre
gate membership is I4-10. with 1") ministers. No
progress appears to have been made in Tasmania,
the report showing the existence of only 3 churches,
but giving no statistics. The total number of Bap
tist churches in Australasia may be given approxi
mately as 127, with *7 ministers and 7700 members.
In the leading cities the church edifices are lari:e
and elegant, that in Collins Street, .Melbourne, ac
commodating JO. iO persons. The largest member
ship is reported by the Hinders Street church.
Adelaide, namely. 474. Two of the Melbourne
churches report more; than 400 members in each.

Avery, Angus Clark, was born -Ian. 20. 1X36,
in Henry Co., Mo. The Averys first settled in
Groton. Conn. Nine of them were killed in the
war of the Revolution. Five were wounded at
Groton Heights in 17*1, and four were commis
sioned officers in the struggle for independence.
His mother s ancestors settled in Virginia, and
were active in the war for independence. His
great-grandfather was killed in the battle of Blue
Lick. Mr. Avery studied two years in Burrett
College, and a year in the State University o, Mis
souri, and graduated from Burrett College with
valedictory honors in 1*5*. He studied law, and
was admitted to the bar in 1*60. and he practiced
law in Clinton. Mo., till the war suspended busi
ness, lie then turned his attention to real estate.
and is now the largest land-holder in the county,
and he has done more than any other man for the
surrounding country. Through great difficulties
lie built portions of the Missouri. Kansas and
Texas Railroad, and lie secured the completion of
this great highway. He established the first Na
tional Bank of Clinton. He is a member and a
deacon of the Baptist church of Clinton, and su
perintendent of its Sabbath-school, and he con
tributed $10,000 to build its house of worship.
He is a trustee of William Jewell College, Mo.,
and a large contributor to its endowment. Few
men are more favorably known than Mr. Avery.
lie is a man of large means and of great humility,
and he is an untiring worker for Jesus. lie holds
many important offices, and he is growing in use
fulness as a citizen and as a Christian.

Ayer, Gen. L. M., was born in Barnwell Co.,
S. C., in 1830, of wealthy parents, lie is a grad-

BABCOCK

uate of the South Carolina College ; studied law,
but gave his attention chiefly to politics; served
several terms in the Legislature, was a general of
militia, and was elected to the United States Con
gress, but the beginning of the war prevented him
from taking his seat. He was afterwards in the

Confederate Congress. About ten years ago he
became a Baptist, and was ordained to the ministry.
He is remarkable for kindness and hospitality, and
is an able speaker. He has recently published a
work on infant salvation, which has elicited high
commendation.

Babcock, Gen. Joshua, born in Westerly, R. I..
in IT"": graduated at Yale College: studied med
icine and surgery in Boston and in England : set
tled in his native town ; was an accomplished
scholar; much in public business; became chief
justice of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island: in
timate with Benjamin Franklin ; first postmaster
in Westerly in 1770 ; had an elegant mansion, still
standing; enrolled a Baptist; one of the first cor
porators of Brown University in 1704, and one of
the board of fellows in 1770 ; a major-general of
militia in 1770 ; very active in the Revolution ; had
two half-brothers and three sons that graduated at
Yale College. His son. Col. Henry, became distin
guished, and was a Baptist, having united with the
First Baptist church in Boston, Mass. Dr. Joshua
died in Westerly, April 1, 17X3, aged seventy-six.

Babcock, Rev. Oliver W., the pastor of the

Baptist church in Omro, Wis., is a native of Swan-
ton. Franklin Co., Vt.. where he was born in 1S18,
and where he passed his childhood and youth. He
began his ministry in his native State with the
Baptist church at Enosburg Falls, where he was
ordained Sept. 24. 184 .). He was pastor at East
Enosburg, North Fairfax. North and South Fair-
field, and Fletcher, in Vermont. In New York he
served the Baptist church at Stockholm two years,
Malone five years, Madrid one year, and Gouvcr-
neur seven years. In 1807, under appointment of
tin; American Baptist Home Missionary Society, he
went to Wisconsin, and became pastor at Manasha
and Neenah, where he labored six years. He sub
sequently became pastor for a brief period at Ap-
pleton, and he is now pastor of the Baptist church
at Omro, where he has labored with much accept
ance for six years.

Babcock, Rev. Rufus, son of Elias Babcock,
was born in North Stonington,Conn., April 22, 1758.
His father, a Separatist and then a Baptist, moved
with his parents, about 1775, to North Canaan,
Conn. ; was two or three times called out as a sol
dier in the Revolution ; served with the company of
Capt. Timothy Morse, whose daughter he married ;

in 17X3 was baptized by Rev. Joshua Morse : united
with the Baptist church in Landisfield. Mass., by
which, afterwards, he was licensed to preach ; gath
ered a church in Colebrook, Conn., where he was
ordained in 1794; the first minister of any denomi
nation settled in that town : began his preaching
in a barn in mid-winter : preached also widely in
the towns adjacent with large success ; served the
Colebrook church as pastor till he was seventy-three
years old : received above 5(10 members : educated
his two younger sons, Cyrus Giles, and Rufus, Jr.,
at Brown University, the former graduated in
1X10, and died soon after, the latter graduated
in 1X21 and became the widely-known Baptist
preacher. Dr. Rufus Babcock ; he had a vigorous
mind, was an effective preacher, widely known
and greatly honored, lie died in November. 1X42,
aged eighty-four years.

Babcock, Rufus, D.D., wsis born in Colebrook,
Conn.. Sept. IX. 17 JX. His father was the pastor
of the Baptist church in that place. He entered
Brown University in 1X17, and passed through the
full course of study, graduating in 1X21. Among
his classmates were President Eliphaz Fay, of
Waterville College; Hon. Levi Haile, judge of the
Supreme Court of Rhode Island; and the well-
known Dr. Samuel G. Howe, of Boston. Not long
after leaving college he was appointed tutor in
Columbian College, now Columbian University,
which, under llev. Dr. Staughton, had recently
been established in AVashington, D. C. During his
connection with the college lie pursued his theologi
cal studies under the direction of its gifted presi
dent, having already received a license to preach
from the church of which he was a member. He
was ordained in 1X23 by the Hudson River Asso
ciation at Poughkeepsie, N. Y.. and shortly after
his ordination became pastor of the Baptist church
in that place. Here he remained until invited to
Salem, Mass. There he had a most happy ai;d
successful ministry from 1820 to 1X33. He was
then invited to take the presidency of Waterville
College (now Colby University), which office he

BAECOCK

BACKUH

held for nearly four years, Retiring from it, he
took charge successively of the Spruce Street church
in Philadelphia, the First Baptist church in New
Bedford, Mass., then again of the church in
Poughkeepsie where he commenced his ministry.
His last pastorate was in Paterson, X. J. In the
work of religious organizations which were con
cerned in ifiviiiii the gospel to the destitute lie took
great interest. He was president of the American
Baptist Publication Society, the corresponding sec
retary of the American and Foreign Bible Society,
to promote whose interests he wrote and traveled
extensively. At different times he acted also as an
agent of the American Sunday-School Union. For
these places of trust and useful labor he possessed
rare qualifications, and did good service in the
cause of his Master. Dr. Babcock had a ready pen,
and always maintained an intimate connection with
the religious press. From 1841 to 1S45 he was the
editor of the Baptist Memorial. He wrote and
published during his life several volumes. His
correspondence with the \V&lt;tt&lt;-limn, as it is now
called, extended over almost the entire period of its
existence, lie devoted himself with ceaseless dili
gence to the work to which he consecrated the dew
of his youth and the energies of his riper years.
His death created a. void which has never in all
respects been filled. When he left the world it
could truly be said, ; Blessed are the dead which
die in the Lord from henceforth. Yea, saith the
Spirit, that they may rest from their labors ; and
their works do follow them."

Dr. Babcock died at Salem, Mass., where he had
gone to visit among his old parishioners. The event
occurred May 4, 1875.

Babcock, Rev. Stephen, born in Westerly,
R. I., Oct. 12, 1706, was a constituent member of
the Presbyterian church in Westerly in 1742, and
was chosen a deacon ; became a Separatist ; or
ganized the Baptist church (Hill church) in Wes
terly, April 5, 1750, and was ordained the pastor
on the same day ; acted a conspicuous and effective
part in the great " Xew Light" movement ; aided
in organizing many new churches ; joined in call
ing the famous council of May 29, 1753, held in
North Stonington, Conn., and the council in Exeter,
R. I., in September, 1854; bold, faithful standard-
bearer in troublous times ; died full of historic
honor Dec. 22, 1775. He was succeeded by his son,
Rev. Oliver Babcock: ordained Sept. 18, 1776;
good and faithful ; died Feb. 13, 1784, in his forty-
sixth year.

Backus, Elizabeth, wife of Samuel Backus, of
Norwich, Conn., and mother of Rev. Isaac Backus,
the Baptist historian, was a descendant of the Plym
outh Winslows, and a talented, heroic Christian
woman ; was converted in 1721 ; lost her husband
in 1740 : became a Separatist with her son in 1745 :

was suspended from communion of the Congrega
tional church, with her son and seven others, Oct.
17, 1745; Avas imprisoned for refusing to pay rates
for the standing order in October, 1752, when she
wrote her son the letter that has become historic ;
and died Jan. 20, 1769. Though she did not unite
with the Baptists, as there Avas then no Baptist
church in that region, yet she evidently held firmly
and suffered bravely for some of their distinguish
ing principles.

Backus, Rev. TsaaC, was born at Norwich,
Conn., Jan. 9, 1724, of parents who were actively

REV. ISAAC BACKUS.

identified with the " pure" Congregationalism as
opposed to the Say brook platform, and his early
religious training influenced greatly his future life.
He was converted in 1741 during the Great New
England Awakening, but did not join himself to
the church until ten months later, and then with
much hesitation, owing to the laxity of church dis
cipline and its IOAV state of religious feeling. From
this church the First Congregational of Norwich
he and others soon separated themselves, and
began to hold meetings on the Sabbath for mutual
edification. Feeling himself called by God to the
work of his ministry, he .shortly after began to
exhort and preach, although there Avere at that time
penal enactments against public preaching by any
except settled pastors, unless with their consent
and at their express desire. He was, however, un
molested, and addressed himself earnestly to the
Avork of a pastor and evangelist, his first pastorate
being that of a Separate church at Middleborough,
to which he was ordained in 1748. In the follow-

KACKCS

BACKUS

ing year he married Susannah Mason, of Rehoboth,
with whom he lived fifty-one years, and of whom
he wrote near the close of his life that he consid
ered her the greatest earthly blessing God had given
him.

The subject of baptism was agitating the church
of which Mr. Backus took charge, and it was only
uf ter a long and bitter struggle with himself that
two years later he was enabled to put aside all
doubts and perplexities on the subject and come
out unreservedly for baptism through a profession
of faith. His stand on this subject and his baptism
by Elder Peirce, of Rhode Island, soon led to his
exclusion from the church, although he did not
consider himself a Baptist, nor did he desire to
connect himself with that denomination. lie con
tinued his labors as an evangelist until 1756, when,
with six baptized believers, a Baptist church was
formed in Middleborough, and Mr. Backus was or
dained its pastor. In 1765 he was elected a trustee
of Brown University, which position he held for
thirty-four years.

At this time the Baptists were subject to much
oppression and persecution by the civil powers of
Massachusetts. They were taxed for the mainte
nance of the state churches, and upon refusal of
payment of rates their lands and goods were dis
tressed, and themselves put in prison. In 1774,
Mr. Backus was chosen agent of the Baptist
churches of Massachusetts, and to his faithful and
untiring labors we owe much of our present civil
liberty. For ten years he labored and struggled
and wrote for exemption from the burdens laid
upon the Baptists; but although not entirely unsuc
cessful he did not live to see the fruit of his work,
the entire severance of church and state in Massa
chusetts not taking place until 1833.

In 1774, Mr. Backus was sent as the agent of the
Bapt st churches of the Warren Association to
Philadelphia to endeavor to enlist in their behalf
the Continental Congress, which met there at that
time. He with agents from other Associations con
ferred with the Massachusetts delegation and others,
and President Manning, of Brown University, read
a memorial setting forth the grievances and op
pressions under which the Baptists labored, and
praying for relief therefrom. The result of this
effort on the part of the Xew England Baptists to
obtain religious freedom was hurtful rather than
advantageous. After the adjournment of the Con
tinental Congress most unjust and untruthful re
ports were circulated in regard to the proceedings
of the conference. The Baptists were accused of
presenting false charges of oppression in order to
prevent the colonies uniting in defense of their lib
erties. To counteract if possible these injurious
reports Mr. Backus met the Committee of Griev
ances at Boston, and they drew up an address

affirming their loyalty to the colonies and defend
ing their action at Philadelphia, and it was pre
sented to the Congress of Massachusetts then in
session. In 1775, when the General Court met at
Watertown, Mr. Backus sent in a memorial, setting
forth with great plainness the policy of the State
towards those who were not of the Standing Order,
and demanding religious liberty as the inherent
right of every man. This memorial was twice
read in the Assembly, and permission was given
Dr. Fletcher to bring in a bill for the redress of the
grievances " he apprehended the Baptists labored
under. 1 The bill was brought in but never acted
upon by the House. Under the direction of the
Association, which met that year at Warren, Mr.
Backus then drew up a letter to all the Baptist
societies asking for a general meeting of their dele
gates for devising the best means for attaining their
religious freedom. In 1777 he read an address be
fore the Warren Association " To the People of
New England on the subject of religious freedom,
and the same year his first volume of the " History
of New England" was issued. In the following
year he read before the Warren Association another
paper on religious liberty, which was published at
their unanimous request. In 1779 he published in
the Independent Chronicle, of Boston, a reply to (be

1 statement made at the drafting of the proposed
new State constitution, that the Baptists had never
been persecuted, and they had sent their agent to
Philadelphia in 1774 with a false memorial of their
grievances in order to prevent the union of the
colonies. This false assertion was made in order
to obtain votes necessary to carry Article III. in
the Bill of Rights, which gave to civil rulers powers

: in religious matters. In 1780 the Baptist Conven
tion published an appeal to the people against this
article, which led to a newspaper controversy, in
which the Baptists were defended by Mr. Backus.
A protest was then issued by the Association, but
the General Court nevertheless adopted the objec
tionable article, and the Warren Association through
their agent again addressed the Baptists of the
State. Under the new constitution the Baptists,
" if they gave in certificates to the ruling sect that
they belonged to a Baptist society, and desired their
money to go to the minister thereof, he (the min
ister) could sue the money out of the hands of
those who took it." Mr. Backus met the Com
mittee of Grievances in 1785 to consult with them
in relation to their course of action under such
ruling. They concluded to accept the compromise
despite the earnest objections of Mr. Backus. Had
they been willing to resist, even to the loss of theii
property, the giving in of certificates, and had they
demanded the entire separation of church and state,
the desired end would no doubt have been attained
many years before it was.

BACKUS

In 1789, Mr. Backus visited Virginia and North
Carolina, at the request of the brethren, for tlio
purpose of strengthening and building up their
churches. lie spent six months in this work, and
was the means of accomplishing much good. The
distance he traveled while there some 3000 miles
and the number of sermons preached [ 21}
show the marvelous energy of the man, and the
immense amount of work lie must have accom
plished during his ministerial life.

Mr. Backus continued in the active duties of a
pastor and evangelist until Avithin a short time of
his death, which occurred Nov. 20, 1806. In ap
pearance lie was tall and commanding, and in later
years inclined towards portliness. He possessed
an iron constitution, and Avas capable of great
physical endurance.

The historical works of Mr. .Backus are of great
value on account of the deep research he made; in
the collection of his material, and his impartiality
in presenting the facts. The Baptists owe much
to him for the discovery and preservation of many
interesting and important events concerning their
history during colonial times.

BackllS, Jay S., D.D., a Baptist clergyman. \vas
born in Washington Co., N. Y., Feb. 17, 1810. and
died in Groton, N. Y., 1879. He studied at Madi
son University, but by reason of serious illness,
Avhich crippled him for life, he did not finish his
course. Nevertheless the degrees of Master of Arts
and Doctor of Divinity Avere conferred on him by
that university. lie was ordained as pastor of the
Baptist church of Groton, N. Y.. Avhich he served
Avith marked success. During this pastorate he
labored as an evangelist, assisting other ministers
in special revival meetings. In this Avork he Avas
knoAvn as a preacher of great power. He also
served as pastor of the First Baptist church of
Auburn, N. Y., the McDougal Street and the
South Baptist churches of the city of NCAV York.
and the First Baptist church of Syracuse, Avhose
house of Avorship had been burned Avhile unin
sured. By undaunted effort, perseverance, and
financial tact he secured a new and better house.
and dedicated it free from debt.

For a few years he Avas associate editor of the
New York Chronicle Avith Dr. Pharcellus Church.
In 1862 he Avas elected secretarv of the American
Baptist Home Mission Society, a position of great
responsibility and high honor. The energy, the
/eal. the sanctified ambition, so characteristic of
the man, made him one of the most successful
managers of that great enterprise.

Bacon, Joel Smith, D.D., Avas born in Cayuga
Co., N. Y., Sept. 3, 1802. In 1821 he entered
Homer Academy, and after two years study he
Avas admitted to the Sophomore class at Hamilton
College, Clinton, N. Y ., Avhere, in 1826, he gradu-

54 BA CON

ated Avith honors. AVhile at college he was distin
guished for scholarship and readiness in debate.
Among his classmates were Dr. Hague, Judge Bos-
Avorth. Dr. Carrnichael, and others eminent in church

JOEL SMITH BACON, D.U.

and state. For one year after his graduation Dr.
Bacon taught school in Amelia Co., A a. The year
following he took charge of a classical school in
Princeton, N. .1., and Avhile there associated inti
mately with members of the faculties of the col
lege and the seminary, and Avas highly esteemed
by them. In 1829 he accepted the presidency of
Georgetown College, and held it for ten years,
with the universal respect of the students, of the
trustees, and of the community. In 1831 he was
ordained to the ministry. In 1833 he resigned the
presidency of Georgetown College and accepted
the position of Professor of Mathematics and Nat
ural Philosophy, at Hamilton, N. Y. Shortly
after entering upon his duties at his request, he
Avas transferred to the chair of Moral and Mental
Philosophy, a department of study usually con
ducted by presidents of colleges. The death of his
father-in-law. Capt. Porter, led Prof. Bacon, in
1837, to resign his professorship, and removing to
Salem, he became pastor of the First Baptist
church in Lynn, Mass. lie remained for nearly
three years, greatly esteemed by the church and
all Avho knc\v him. In December, 1839, Dr. Bacon
resigned his pastorate. In 1843, two years after
the resignation of Dr. Cliapin, Dr. Bacon Avas
elected president of the Columbian College. Wash
ington, D. C. His connection Avith the college Avas
a successful one, and, as in all the positions which

BACON

BA COX

he occupied, he showed himself well adapted to the
responsible and arduous duties of the station.
After serving as president for eleven years he
resigned, and devoted his energies to female edu
cation in Georgia, Louisiana. Virginia, and Ala
bama. He accepted an appointment in ISb IJ from
the American and Foreign Bible Society to dis
tribute Bibles among the colored people, and the
amount of good he accomplished by way of counsel,
instruction, and encouragement among the freed-
men the records of eternity only will reveal. It
was a lowly work for one who for so manv years
had been a leader among the most intellectual of
the land, but a work which, nevertheless, he en
joyed with his whole heart. In this work of two
or three years Dr. Bacon linished his course."
On Sunday, Oct. 31. 1S&lt;&gt;&lt;). Dr. Bacon had the pleas
ure of baptizing two of his daughters, then pupils
at Edgewood, a school at Fluvanna, Va., in the
Rivanna River, one of them relating her experience
on the bank in the presence of a large and weep
ing circle of spectators. He reached his home
in Richmond November 3 ; in two clays after he
was attacked by pleurisy and pneumonia, and on
the following Wednesday fell asleep in Christ. Dr.
Bacon s mind was versatile and practical, and he
was fond of studying men and things as well as
books. He was an acute inquirer ; he was an in
teresting and practical preacher, always command- !
ing attention and awakening and stimulating
thought. As a man, he was of pure and loftv sen
timents, with broad and generous sympathies, and
with kindly affections.

The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred upon
Dr. Bacon in 1S45.

Bacon, Prof. Milton E., a distinguished edu
cator in Mississippi, was born in 1818 in the State
of Georgia. He graduated at the University of
Georgia in 1838, and soon after engaged in teach
ing. In 184. ) he founded the " Southern Female
College at Lagrange. Ga.. where lie labored about
fourteen years. He then removed to Aberdeen,
Miss., and established the Aberdeen Female Col
lege;, where he taught nine years. He was very
much loved by his pupils, and often received the
highest testimonials of their esteem. In 1879, by
invitation of the alumni of Lagrange College, there
was a reunion of Prof. Bacon with his old pupils
at Atlanta, Ga. This interesting meeting was at
tended by hundreds of ladies from a number of
the surrounding States. Prof. Bacon has long
been an active and zealous Baptist.

Bacon, Rev. William, M.D., was born at

Greenwich, X. J., June 30, ISO J. r&gt;irlv in life
he united with the Presbyterian Church. Soon
afterwards his thoughts were turned towards the
ministry, and. encouraged by his friends, lie entered
upon a course of collegiate study at the University

of Pennsylvania, where he graduated at the age of
twenty. About this time, having begun to question
the reality of his conversion, and consequently his
call to the ministry, he studied medicine, and com
menced practice at Allowaystown, Salem Co., N. J.
Here he was brought under the ministry of Rev.
Joseph Sheppard. the loved and revered pastor of
the church at Salem, through whose intelligent and
faithful counsels he was brought into the liberty of
the children of God, and by whom he was bapti/ed.
The desire to preach the gospel was now kindled
anew in his heart. Ordained as an evangelist, he
went everywhere preaching the Word, the Lord
working with him and crowning his labors with
great success. In 1830 he became pastor of the
church at Pittsgrove, in 1833 of the church at
\Voodstown. and in 1838 of the church at Dividing
Creek. In all these churches lie served faithfully
and well his Lord and the souls of the people. His
pastorate at the latter place lasted eleven years, and
appears to have been one of unusual prosperity.
Weighed down by these years of toil, and hindered
by domestic cares and afflictions from giving him
self wholly to the work of the ministry, he retired
from pastoral duties and resumed the practice of
medicine, in which he continued till his death. He
was held in much esteem by the public, and at the
earnest request of the people of the district in which
he lived he served them two successive terms in the
Legislature of the State, commanding, by his in
telligence, integrity, and moral worth, the respect
of every member of the House. At the age of
sixty-six, after a brief sickness, he fell asleep in
Jesus, at Newport, N. J.

Bacon, Winchell D., of Waukesha, Wis., was
born at Stillwater, Saratoga Co., N. Y. His father
was a farmer. His mother s maiden name was
Lydia Barber Daisley. He remained on his father s
farm until nineteen years of age, and then went to
Troy, N. Y., and served as a clerk in a store for
two years. In 1837 he accompanied his father s
family to Butternuts, Otsego Co., N. Y., where his
father had purchased land, and here he again en
gaged in farming. In September, 1841, he started
with his wife for the West, and settled in Prairie-
ville, now Waukesha. Here IK; bought a farm, and
engaged in the occupation for which he was trained.
In connection with his farming he entered exten
sively into business pursuits in Waukesha. in
which he was pre-eminently successful. In 1863,
Mr. Bacon was appointed paymaster in the army,
and served in that capacity for some time. In 1805
he. with other citi/.ens, organized the Farmers Na
tional Bank of Waukesha, and he was elected pres
ident. In 1853 he was a member of the Legislature.
He has been a member of the board of trustees of
the Hospital for the Insane, of the Deaf and Dumb
Institute, and of the University of Chicago.

BAG BY

In early life Mr. Bacon made a profession of re
ligion and united with the Baptist Church. lie is
decided in his religious convictions and denomina
tional preferences. Mr. Bacon in some commu
nities would be called a radical man. He certainly
has the courage of his convictions, and is outspoken
on all subjects that relate to the reformation of so
ciety and the State. He is the fearless enemy of
all oppression and wrong, lie has a wife and three
children living. Joshua, his only son, is one of the
rising physicians of the county and State.

Bagby, Rev. Alfred, was born -June If), 1828,
at Stevensville, King and Queen Co., A a., and is
a son of John Bagby, who is still living, and in
his eighty-seventh year. Two brothers also entered
the ministry, Rev. Prof. G. F. Bagby. of Bethel
College, Ky., and Rev. II. II. Bagby, D.I)., who
died in 1870. He was educated mainly at Stevens
ville Academy and at the Columbian College, where
he graduated in 1S47. In 1850 he entered Prince
ton Theological Seminary. N. J.. but owing to the
failure of his health he was obliged to leave in
1851. He spent two years in teaching in New
Kent Co., Va., and was principal of the Stevens
ville Academy from 1856 to 1859. Mr. Bagby has
been pastor of churches at Ilicksford and at Mount
Olivet, Va. In 1855 he took charge of the church
at Mattapony, where he has been the honored and
successful pastor for twenty-three years. He also
started an interest at West Point, Va., where he is
now laboring in conjunction with Mattapony. The
latter church has been greatly blessed under Mr.
Bagby s ministry in the development of the gifts
of its members, among whom it has sent forth Rev.
R. II. Bagby, D.D., pastor of Bruington church,
Va. ; Rev. John Pollard, D.D., pastor of Lee Street
church, Baltimore; Rev. W. B. Todd, Virginia;
and Rev. W. T. Hundley, Edgefield, S. C. The
meeting-house at Mattapony was built in colonial
times by the government for the Established
Church. The adjacent grounds are crowded by
graves and monuments of the dead, not a few of
Avhich antedate the Revolution for years. The re
mains of George Braxton, the father of one of the
signers of the Declaration of Independence, repose
here under a plain marble slab.

Bagby, Richard Hugh, D.D., the son of John

and Elizabeth Bagby, was born at Stevensville,
Va., June 16, 1820. He was converted while a
student at the Virginia Baptist Seminary, now
Richmond College, and became a member of the
Bruington Baptist church in his native county of
King and Queen. Of his conversion he writes, " I
entered the seminary at Richmond, and nothing
important happened, except that from my entrance
my religious impressions increased, and my views
of the pardon of sin through Christ grew brighter
and clearer, until my distress on account of my

50 BAILEY

sins was so great that I gave up all as lost. But
one morning while at worship in the chapel, and
in the act of praying. I determined to give myself
to God, to work lor him while life lasted, arid to
trust my salvation in his hands through the riches
of his grace in Christ Jesus. I at once felt relief.
lie graduated at the Columbian College in 1839,
after which he studied law. Having determined,
however, to devote himself to the ministry, he re
linquished the practice of his profession ; was
licensed to preach in 1841 by the Mattapony
church, and in 1842 ordained. He was immedi
ately called to the pastorate of the Bruington
church, into whose fellowship he had been bap
tized eight years before. In this field he remained
twenty-eight years, a laborious and eminently suc
cessful pastor, baptizing large numbers, and en
couraging the membership in every good work.
After this long and fruitful pastorate with the
Bruington church, he accepted, in 1870, the ap
pointment of associate secretary of State Missions
in Virginia. He was for several consecutive ses
sions president of the Baptist General Association
of the State, and served with great efficiency. He
received the honorary degree of D.I), from the
Columbian College in 1869. He died Oct. 29, 1870,
from the effects of an illness brought on by ex
hausting labors in assisting in protracted meetings.
He sleeps in the burial-ground of the church at
Bruington, which he loved so earnestly and served
so well, and the people of his charge have erected
over his remains a neat marble monument. Dr.
Bagby stood among the foremost of the Virginia
ministry of his day. Some surpassed him in learn
ing and in the graces of style : but for clearness
and force, for directness, earnestness, and effective
ness of thought and manner, he was rarely ex
celled. As a pastor he had but few peers. His
labors were largely and equally blessed in turning
souls to God and in training them for usefulness
in the service of truth and holiness.

Bailey, Rev. Alvin, one of the pioneers of the
Baptist denomination in Illinois, was born at
Westminster, Vt., Dec. 9, 1802. At the age of
fourteen he united with the Baptist church in
Coventry. He studied for the ministry at Ham
ilton, graduating in 1831. In the same year, in
company with his classmate, Gardner Bartlett,
afterwards associated with him in Western labor,
he was ordained at Coventry. Vt. Removing soon
after to Illinois with his wife, a sister of Dr. George
B. Lie. he opened a school at Upper Alton, which
may perhaps be regarded as a first step towards
the foundation of the college now there. He at
the same time served the church in Alton City as
its pastor. Removing in due time to Carrollton,
he became pastor of the church there. Here his
wife died, and he married the widow of Rev. Allen

BAILEY

B. Freeman, of whose early death in Chicago men
tion is made elsewhere. Besides at Carrollton, lie
was pastor at Winchester and Jacksonville, pub
lishing at the latter place the Voice of Truth, and
afterwards the Western Mar. In 1X47 he returned
to New York, and until 1853 served churches at
Fast Lansing and Belfast in that State. In the
last-named year he accepted a recall to Carrollton,
III., but in 1X55 returned to Xew York, and after
a six-years pastorate at McGrawville and one at
Dryden, he died of typhoid pneumonia, at Etna,
Tompkins Co., May 9, 1867. " Alvin Bailey, says
1 r. J. I). Cole, was one of the best ministers that
ever labored in the Prairie State."

Bailey, Rev. C. T., the editor of the mi,U&lt;-nl Re
corder, the organ of the Baptists of North Carolina,

KEV. C. T. BAIIJCV.

was born in Willianburg, Ya., Oct. 24, 1X35. Ho
was the last candidate ever baptized by Seervant
Jones : was educated at William and Mary College,
and at Richmond College : was ordained in 1S5X,
Revs. W. M. Young. William Martin, and W. A.
Crandall forming the presbytery, at Williamsburg ;
went into the army as a private in 1X01, but did
not remain in the service; long ; preached to several
country churches in Surrey Co.. Va. : came to North
Carolina in October, 1865, and became master of
the Reynoldson Academy in Gates County : removed
to Edenton in 1868, where he remained as pastor
till 1871, when he became pastor of the Warrenton
church. In 1875 he became proprietor of the Bib
lical Recorder, which he has since conducted with
distinguished ability and success.
5

Bailey, Gilbert Stephen, D.D., son of George

A. Bailey, was born in Abington, Pa., Oct. 17,
1822. While a student in Oberlin College he be
came a disciple of Christ, and was baptized in Ab
ington. Oct. 10. 1X42. Leaving college on account
of illness, he taught for a while, and preached oc
casionally. He was ordained May 20, 1845. at
Abington, and immediately became pastor in Can
terbury. Orange Co., N. Y. The next year he was
sent by the American Baptist Home Mission So
ciety to Springfield, 111., and accepted the pastor
ate of the church there. In 1849 he removed to
Tremont. Tazewcll Co.. lil.. and labored there
and at Pekin. in the same county, six years. In
December. 1855, he became pastor at Metamora,
Wood ford Co., 111., and continued in that relation
till May, 1861. He labored at Morris. 111., from
May. 1861. till December, 1863, when he became
superintendent of missions for the Baptist General
Association of Illinois. His work in this ofiice
was of great value, and was, to say the least, con
temporaneous with a remarkable growth of Baptist
churches in Illinois. From October, 1X67, to July,
1875, he was secretary of the Baptist Theological
Union, which was formed to establish and endow
the theological seminary now located at Morgan
Park. For these years his work was laborious and
self-sacrificing, but eminently successful. From
Aug. 1. 1X75, to April 1, 1878, he ministered to
the church at Pittston, Pa., and since the latter
date has been pastor at Niles. Mich., where a new
house of worship lias meanwhile been built. He
is the author of the following works, vi/,. : " His
tory of the Illinois River Baptist Association,"
The Caverns of Kentucky, "Manual of Bap
tism," The Trials and Yictories of Religious
Liberty in America," and five tracts. Dr. Bailey
first proposed and inaugurated a ministers insti
tute in 1864, and his suggestion has been widely
accepted.

Bailey, Rev. John, a distinguished pioneer
preacher of Kentucky, and one of the first pulpit
orators of the West in his day, was born in North
umberland Co., Ya.. 1748. He united with a Bap
tist church in his youth, and began to exhort at
the age of eighteen years. He was ordained to the
ministry in early manhood. He moved from his
birthplace to Pittsylvania, where he gained con
siderable reputation as a pulpit orator. In 1784
lie moved to Kentucky, and settled in what is now
Lincoln County. Here he gathered Rush Branch
church, and became its pastor in 1785. In the
course of a few years ho gathered McCormack s
and Green River churches. Tie was a member of
the convention that formed the first constitution of
Kentucky, in 1792. He was also a delegate from
Logan County to the convention which formed the
second constitution of that State, in 1799. About

BAILEY

this period he adopted the doctrine of " Universal
Restoration," and was excluded from his church.
This resulted in a division of South District Asso
ciation. A majority of the churches followed the
eloquent Bailey without adopting his theory. This
faction were known by the name of " South Ken
tucky Association of Separate Baptists." It has
since become three Associations, all of which are
now weak and in a perishing condition. Mr. Bailey
labored with much y.eal and diligence among the
churches of this sect to a good old age. He main
tained a spotless moral character, and was very
successful in building up these churches. He was
regarded by all who knew him as a good and great
man. lie died at his home in Lincoln Co., Ky.,
July 3, 1816.

Bailey, Rev. Joseph Albert, born in Middle-
town, Conn., Aug. 17, 1823; baptized in 1837 by
Rev. J. Cookson, and united with the Baptist
church in Middletown ; felt a call to the ministry ;
preached first sermon in 1847 ; graduated from
Wesleyan University in 1849 ; studied theology at
Newton, Mass., and Rochester, N. Y., graduating
from the latter seminary in 1851 ; ordained pastor
of the Baptist church in Essex, Conn., Oct. 22,
1851, the sermon by Rev. R. Turnbull, D.D. ; la
bored in Essex four years with great favor ; settled
with the Baptist church in Waterbury, Conn., in
September, 1855, where with remarkable success
he preached for about eighteen years, and until his
health failed ; was for years secretary of the Con
necticut Baptist State Convention ; was school
visitor for Waterbury, and engaged in temperance
and other good causes. In March, 1873, for the
recovery of his health he sailed for Europe; went
to Carlsbad, in Baden, for his health ; there died
May 11, 1873, in his fiftieth year. In him were
blended force and sweetness; clear, strong, fervid
preacher; wise, faithful pastor; hearty friend; be
loved by all.

Bailey, Hon. Joseph Mead, LL.D. Among
the laymen of the Baptist denomination in this
country Judge Bailey deservedly holds a conspicu
ous place. While eminently successful in his
chosen profession, having achieved as a jurist a
foremost position, he is known in all circles as a
man of fine culture, an intelligent, earnest Chris
tian, always willing to be known as such, and as a
steadfast Baptist. He was born in Middlebury,
Wyoming Co., N. Y., June 22, 1833, and united
with the Baptist church in that place in 1847. He
prepared for college at the Wyoming Academy,
entering the University of Rochester as Sophomore
in 1851, and graduating in 1854. As a student he
was known rather for his quiet diligence than for
brilliance in the various college exercises, ranking,
however, as a scholar with the best. He studied
law at Rochester, and in 1856 entered upon the

practice of his profession at Freeport, 111. His
success was immediate and marked. In 1867 he
was elected a member of the Illinois Legislature,
and re-elected in 1869. In 1876 he was one of the
Presidential electors for the State of Illinois. In
1877 he was chosen judge of the Thirteenth Judi
cial Circuit ; in 1878 judge of the First District of
the Illinois Appellate Court, and in 1879 chief jus
tice of the same court. His official duties are dis
charged at Chicago, though his residence remains
at Freeport. His known interest in the cause of
higher education led to his election in 1878 as trus-

tee of the University of Chicago, in which board
he now also holds the ofiice of vice-president. In
1879 he received from the universities of Rochester
and Chicago the degree of LL.D. In his own place
of residence, as well as throughout the State, Judge
Bailey is held in great respect, and in the church
of his membership is a valued counselor and co-
laborer, while always ready with liberal donations.
Bailey, Rev. Napoleon A., was born in Law
rence Co., Ala., Sept, 5. 1833. His mother was
from Mary and, and his father was a native of Yir-
inia. In July, 1850. he was baptized and united
with the Liberty Baptist church, in his native
county. In 1853 he was licensed, and in Septem
ber. 1854. he entered Union University, Murfrees-
borough, Term., where, for three years, he diligently
pursued his studies, graduating in July, 1869. He
was regularly set apart to the gospel ministry by
ordination in November, 1857. On the 1st of Jan
uary, 1858, he took charge of Liberty church, into
whose fellowship he was baptized, and soon after
moved to Florida, on account of a severe cough
which he contracted while preaching in a revival
meeting. His health being restored by the balmy
climate of Florida, he removed to Georgia, where
for a number of years he preached to several
churches while acting as president of the Houston
Female College. He served afterwards the churches
at Milledgeville and Dal ton, and then went to Cali
fornia, where he remained a year and a half. He
then returned to his native State, and subsequently
removed to Georgia, in which State he now resides,
at Quitman. For six years Mr. Bailey has filled
the position of assistant secretary of the Georgia
Baptist Convention. He is a faithful and zealous
pastor, an able preacher, clinging tenaciously to
the cardinal principles of the denomination. His
conscientious piety and hearty co-operation in all
the leading enterprises of the denomination are
universally recognized, and it has been said of him
that he is one of those few " to whom giving seems
to be a real luxury." Candor, sincerity, and a firm
adherence to his convictions of right are prominent
traits in his character, while gentleness and self-
sacrifice are in him happily blended with fortitude
and courage.

BAILEY

Bailey, Rosa Adams, second wife of Dr. Silas
Bailey, was born in Shelbyville, Ind., May 3, 1843
Her father was related to the family of John Quincy
Adams. She showed an earnest love for study
She entered the Indianapolis Baptist Female Insti
tute. While a student there she was converted anc
joined the First Baptist church. After graduation
she became a teacher in the institute, and was one
of the most efficient. Mrs. Ingalls came witli a
call for help in Burmah. Mrs. Bailey went wit!
her as a missionary to Ilenthada. After several
years of labor, failing health obliged her to come
home. While at home she was married to Dr.
Bailey, but still longed to return to Burmah. In
1873 they sailed for France. After the doctor s
death she came back to this country, preparatory
to a return to Burmah. She resumed her work
there with great zeal, but was attacked with cholera
and died at /eegong, July 26, 1878.

Mrs. Bailey was a lady of rare talents, of win
ning graces, of great piety, arid of extensive use
fulness. She was in Philadelphia for a short time
prior to her last departure for Burmah, and gained
the affections of hundreds of ladies for herself and
her distant mission.

Bailey. Silas, D.D., LL.D., was born in Ster
ling. Worcester Co., Mass.. June 12, 1809. In 1828
he went to Amherst, Mass., to pursue a course
of study to fit him for college. Having finished his
preparations, he heard an address of Dr. Francis
Wayland that led him to enter Brown University.
He was always an admirer of President Wayland,
and the president has often expressed his regard for
the ability of his pupil.

During a great revival in the university he was
born again. In the language of Dr. J. G. Warren,
his college-mate, " The work of regeneration was
done throughout his whole being; done for all time
and for all eternity. In 1834 he became principal
of the Worcester Academy, Mass., and was very
successful in conducting its operations. In 1839
he became pastor of the church at Thompson,
Conn. In 1842 he was appointed agent for the
Missionary Union for the State of New York. In
1845 he settled as pastor of the church at West-
borough. Mass., and in 1847 was called to the presi
dency of Granville College, 0. He labored here
several years, cheerfully and effectively. He left
his impress upon many a young man by the labors
of both class-room and pulpit; for during a consid
erable part of the time he was both president of
the college and pastor of the church. Not to speak
of others, it is sufficient to mention President
Talbot, a prince in thought and manhood, a grad
uate under Dr. Bailey during his presidency at
Granville.

In 1852 he was called to the presidency of Frank
lin College, Ind., and he was soon recognized us a

leader by the Baptists of the State. His failing
health compelled him to resign in 1802. In 1863
he was called to the pastorate of the La Fayette
(Indiana) church. In 1866 he was invited to the
chair of Theology in Kalamazoo Theological Semi
nary, Mich. He labored here in both the seminary
and college till debility compelled him to resign in

SILAS J5AILEV, D.D., LL.D.

1869. He then returned to La Fayette. Here, in
1873, within two weeks, his adopted daughter, Mrs.
Moore, and his wife died. After several months
he conceived the idea of visiting the Old World.
lie was married to Miss llosa Adams, a lady of
great worth, a returned missionary, and they took
passage for France. He died, after a short illness,
in Paris on the 30th of June, 1874. He left his
library and a part of his estate to Franklin College.
He was, in I860, president of the Board of the
Baptist Missionary Union. Several of his sermons
have been published.

A memorial volume of Dr. Bailey was published
by J. W. T. Booth, D.D., of La Fayette, Ind., in
1876.

Bailey, Rev. Thomas M., was born in Gracc-
lill. County Antrim, Ireland, Dec. 27, 1829; at
tended a Moravian school up to his fifteenth year,
lien went into business, in which he remained
;even years, three of the seven in the city of Dub-
in ; felt a strong desire of heart to preach the
gospel in his sixteenth year. In his twenty-first
ear he was appointed by the Foreign Mission
Board of the Moravian Church to foreign mission-
iry work in the island of St. Thomas, Danish West

BAIXBRIDGE

Indies. Af trv a few months service there lie was
prostrated with yellow fever ; becoming convales
cent, his physician ordered him to St. Croix for a
change, and there his labors as a missionary were
expended; in the foreign field nearly four years;

months of this pastorate Mr. Bainbridge made an
extended foreign tour, embracing parts of Europe,
Eu;ypt, and Palestine. He decided to accept a call
to the Central Baptist church in Providence, where
the pulpit had been made vacant by the removal
of Rev. TIeman Lincoln. D.D., to the Newton The
ological Institution. His ministry in Providence
commenced -Tan. 1, 1809. During ten years of
service Mr. Bainbridge s ministry has been a suc
cessful one. lie lias received 400 new members,
233 of whom he has bapti/.ed. It is his purpose to
devote the coming two or three years to travel,

REV. THOMAS M. HA I LEY.

came to the United States in December, 185;"); was
baptized into the fellowship of the Gilgal Baptist
church, in South Carolina, by Rev. E. F. Whatley,
in the spring of 1856; remained in South Carolina
two years, and then moved to Alabama; has been
a very useful pastor of various country and village
churches until the year 1874, when he became State
evangelist and corresponding secretary of the Ala
bama Baptist State Mission Board, a position
which lie still holds with great distinction and
with rare ability and efficiency. He is a man of
all work, a good preacher, a fine speaker, with the
most pleasant social qualities, and withal a most
useful man. lie has contributed largely to the
development and efficiency of the Baptists of Ala
bama.

Bainbridge, Rev. W. F., was born in Stock-
bridge, N. Y., Jan. 15, 1843. He was baptized by
his father, Rev. S. M. Bainbridge, at Wheatland,
N. Y., March 27. 1853, at the early age of ten years.
He entered Rochester University in the class which
graduated in 1802. lie then took the course of
study in the Rochester Theological Institution,
and was ordained in May, 1805, as pastor of the
First Baptist church in Erie, Pa. During the three
and a half vears of his connection with the church
in Erie he baptized 237 persons. During nine

REV. W. V. BAINBRIDGE.

having in view especially a visit to the missionary
stations of the different Christian denominations in
various parts of the world.

Baker, Rev. A. F., was born in Owen Co..Ky.,
April 1C). 1835. He joined the Dallasbnrg Baptist
church in his native county in 1854. was ordained
at Ilodgenville, Ky.. December, 1859. and called
to the pastoral care of the Baptist church at Bards-
town, Ky. While here he established the Bards-
town Baptist Female Seminary, now one of the
most flourishing schools in the State. lie has since
been pastor of several prominent churches in Ken
tucky. He was for a time co-editor of the Pro
phetic Ke&gt;/, a monthly magazine. lie has labored
much as an evangelist, and has conducted pro
tracted meetings in which several hundred persons
have been approved for baptism. lie is a strong
preacher, a good pastor, and a man of tireless en
ergy. He is at present (1880) pastor of the church
at Owenton, Ky.

BAKER

BAKXll

Baker, Rev. Elijah, was born in tlie county of
Lunenburg. Ya., in 174:2, and born again and bap
tized in 17&lt;&gt;9. I)i 1773. in conjunction with one or
two otliers, lie organized the Boar Swamp church
in Ilenrico County ; he was the chief agent in
forming churches in James City, Charles City, and
York ; lie established a church in Gloucester, at a
place called Guinea: and on the Eastern Shore of
Virginia, and in Maryland, he planted the first ten
churches of our faith that worshiped God in those
parts, lie died Nov. ,. IT .lS. Mr. Baker was a
good man, full of the Holy Spirit, and attended bv
extraordinary usefulness. lie was imprisoned in
Accomac jail for a considerable period. lie was
put on board a vessel as a dixfnrlicr f the pence to
be carried beyond the seas, and he was to pav for
his passnge by performing the duties of a seaman,
but the Lord opened the captain s eves to see his
character, and he sent him ashore, lie died full
of hope.

Baker, Rev. J. C., is pastor of the Baptist
church at Salem, the capital of Oregon. In 1ST"),
having been for years a faithful pastor, and for
some time a very efficient general missionary of the
American Baptist Publication Society in the Xorth-
west. lie was appointed to take charge of its Pacific
Coast Depository, located at San Francisco. He
traveled extensively, visiting most of the churches
in California, Oregon, and Washington Territory;
moved to Salem. Oregon, in 1877 ; became pastor
there; continued his work on behalf of the Publi
cation Society ; established The Jli-aron, the Bap
tist paper of Oregon ; and during ail his resilience
en the Pacific coast has been active in organizing
Sunday-schools; is an admirable Sunday-school
worker, a good preacher; earnest in mission work,
effective in revivals, and influential in the councils,
Associations, and conventions of the denomination.

Baker, Rev. John H., son of Elisha, and Hen
rietta (Miner) Baker, b &gt;rn in Stonington. Conn.,
Sept. .!(&gt;, ISO;")-, a student and lover of books;
converted Sept. lilt, 1822; united with the Bap
tist church in Stonington borough; taught school ;
entered Hamilton Seminary ; became an evangelist;
labored with marked success in Eastern Connecti
cut and Western Rhode Island ; strong against in
temperance ; blessed with many revivals; founded
in 1S39 the church in Charlestown. 11. I. ; strength
ened many churches by his evangelistic efforts ;
struck down by paralysis while carrying on a great
work on Block Island, after he had baptized 9S ;
died in East Greenwich, II. I., Jan. 10. 1869, in his
sixty-fourth year.

Baker, Dr. Joseph S., was born in Liberty
Co., Ga., in 1798, of Presbyterian parents, and died
at Quitman Co.. Ga., in 1877. He was educated at
Yale and at Ilampden Sidney College, Ya., where
he graduated in 1823.

On leaving college he returned to L hcrtv Co.,
Ga.. and engaged in farming and merchandising,
having inherited considerable property, lie was
then, at the age of twenty-five, a member of iho
Presbyterian church near liiceborough, and placed
himself under the care of the Presbytery with a
view to entering the ministry at a session held with
the Midway church in the fall of 182, !. The Pres
bytery assigned him, as the subject of his first the
sis, - Was John s Baptism Christian Baptism?"
The investigation of the subject by him led to his
adoption of Baptist views a few years later. He
removed to Virginia in 1S2."&gt;, having sold all his
property in Georgia. lie graduated in the medical
department of Columbian College, D. C.. in 1S2S,
and practiced medicine in Xottawav Co., Ya., until
18:i I. when he moved to Petersburg. There he
united with the Baptists, was licensed and ordained.
He preached in Virginia at Petersburg, Norfolk,
and other places, part of the time as a inissionai v,
until 1839 or 1840, when he moved to Georgia and
settled in Columbus. In 1843 he became editor of
the Christian Index, and moved to Penfield, where
the paper was then published. For six years he
occupied the editorial chair with an ability so dis
tinguished, and with a pen so trenchant and pow
erful, evidencing at the same time so much of gen
uine piety and such a thorough acquaintance with
Baptist doctrines and practices, that lie acquired a
denominational influence that expired only wlili
his life.

He resided for awhile with a son who was a law
yer at Jacksonville, Fla.. and mayor of the town.
He then served the churches at Albany and Pal
myra, Ga., and Jacksonville, Fla., until the war.
During that struggle he preached to the soldiers as
an evangelist. After the war he moved to Quit-
man. Ga., where he resided until his death, in 1877.
ripening more and more to the last for the skies.
Dr. Baker was a man of great natural abilities.
He was a deep thinker, a perspicuous writer, and
ho did much to assist denominational progress in
Georgia. He was a most decided Baptist. He had
read much, was a fine scholar, and he was deeply
versed in the polity and principles of all denomi
nations. An excellent preacher, he was a man of
strong faith in divine providence, and bore the
severe sufferings of his last days with great Chris
tian fortitude and resignation. For years he ex
erted a strong and healthy influence among the
Georgia Baptists, and it was always employed in
favor of sound doctrine and practical godliness.

Baker, Samuel, D.D., distinguished for critical
learning and extensive reading, was born in the
county of Sussex, England, Oct. 2, 1812. lie re
ceived an academic education, and engaged in mer
cantile business in his native country. In 1834 he
emigrated to the United States and settled in Upper

BALDWIN

Alton, 111. Here lie was licensed to preach, and
immediately entered Shurtliff College as a student in
both the literary and theological departments, and
remained three years. In 1837 he was ordained
at Alton, and soon afterwards took charge of Cape
Girardeau church, Mo. lie was pastor of the
church at Shelbyville, Ky., from 1839 to 1841 ; at
Kussellvillc. Ky., from 1841 to 1846; at llopkins-
ville, Ky.. from 1846 to 1850; at the first church
in Nashville, Term., from 1850 to 1853. From this
time until 1^65 he was pastor of the First Baptist
church in Williamsburg, N. Y. The next three
years he was at the Wabash Avenue church in
Chicago, 111. ; next year he took charge of the
church at Kvansville, Ind. He then became pastor
of the Ilerkimer Street Baptist church of Brook
lyn. N. Y. In 1872 he again located with the
church at Russellville, Ky., where he still remains.
Dr. Baker is a close student, has a splendid library,
and but for an embarrassing defect in his enuncia
tion would be one of the leading orators in the
Kentucky pulpit, lie is w r ell versed in ecclesiasti
cal history, and excels as a writer on that subject.

Baldwin, Rev. Charles Jacob, son of George
C. Baldwin, D.I)., and Cynthia M. Baldwin, was

born at Charleston, N. Y., Aug. 10, 1841. At the
age of fourteen he was converted, and joined the
First church, Troy, N. Y.. of which his father was
pastor. lie entered Madison University. N. Y., in
1859, but left during the Junior year to enter the
army, in which he served as adjutant of the 157th
Regiment N. Y. Yols., and on the staff of Brig.-
Gen. Potter until the close of the war. While in
the service he received the rank of major from the
governor of the State of New York.

In 1868 he was graduated at Rochester Theologi
cal Seminary. He was ordained at Chelsea, Mass.,
as pastor of the First Baptist church, which he
served from 1868 to 1872, when he resigned and
visited Europe. On his return he became pastor
of the First Baptist church of Rochester, where he
now is. Mr. Baldwin is a good preacher and
writer, and proves himself fully equal to the im
portant post he fills as pastor of one of the most
cultivated congregations in the country.

Baldwin, George C., D.D., was born in Pomp-
ton, N. -I., Oct. 21, 1817. His early life was spent
in the country until his parents removed to Pater-
son. Here he was converted under the ministry
of Rev. Z. Grenell, and united with the Baptist
church of which he was pastor. Almost immedi
ately he felt a call to preach the gospel, and so
uro-ent was it that he left his business and entered

upon a course of study at Hamilton, N. Y., to fit
himself for his sacred vocation, where he graduated
in 1844. In the same year he accepted the call of
the First Baptist church of Troy, where he still
labors.

He has been almost equally devoted to the pulpit
and to pastoral duties. As a preacher he follows
the textual method of sermonizing. His discourses
are clear and cogent. His emotional nature is
ardent, his judgment deliberate, and his practical

GEORGE C. BALDWIN, D.D.

sense supreme. His ministry has been very effec
tive in winning and in edifying souls.

Ho has a preference for extended courses of lec
tures, which give room for variety and continuous
treatment. Some of these series have been pub
lished, under the titles "Representative Women,"
" Representative Men," and " The Model Prayer."
These have reached a large circulation. His habits
of study are regular and unyielding, except to the
pressure of an irresistible necessity, so that his
preparations are always invested with freshness.

He has seen the largest Baptist church in the
State except one grow up under his care, and
nearly an entire generation come and go under
his ministry. It is his delight to be at every meet
ing of the church, minor or more important. A
remarkable flexibility characterizes his methods:
changes are as frequent as fluctuating circumstances
demand. Nothing is permitted to grow obsolete.
The young people are organized and active. The
praver-meetings are conducted with fresh and varied
methods.

His son, Charles J., after being pastor of the First
church of Chelsea, Mass., has been settled over the
First church of Rochester, N. Y., since 1874.

Dr. Baldwin has a large heart, a blameless life,
and a ministerial record seldom equaled, and only
at distant intervals, if ever, surpassed.

BALDWIN

Baldwin, Rev. Moses, was born in Richmond
Co., N. C., Dec. 4, 1825 ; was baptized in October,
1845 ; graduated at Wake Fo -est College in 1S56 ;
was ordained the same year, Rev. Drs. Harper,
Wingate, McDowell, Walters, Skinner, and Brooks
constituting the presbytory. Mr. Baldwin has
served the churches of Ilillsborough. Oxford, Mocks-
villc, and a number of country churches, and has
taught thirteen years and aided several young min
isters in securing an education. He now resides
in Salem.

Baldwin, Rev. Norman B., A.M., was born in
New Milford, Litchtield Co., Conn., Aug. 2- ?, 1824.
His father, Rev. Daniel Baldwin, was an esteemed
and highly useful Baptist minister. He was edu
cated at Hamilton Literary and Theological Insti
tution (now Madison University), from which he
graduated in 1840. In October, 1840, he became i
pastor of the Baptist church at Monticello, Sullivan ;
Co., N. Y. After a most prosperous settlement he j
accepted the unanimous call of the Bethesda Bap- i
tist church, New York City, June 1, 1849, in which I
God greatly blessed him ; but disease compelled ,
him to leave New York, and he accepted the call
of the Second Southwark (now Calvary) Baptist
church, Philadelphia, and entered on his labors
Feb. 1, 1854. From this body he went out with a
colony of 220 members and organized the Olivet
Baptist church, Oct. 7, 1856. They built the fine
edifice at the southeast corner of Sixth and Federal
Streets. Intensive revivals, in which hundreds
were converted and immersed, together with the
other labors of his office, so impaired his health that
in September, 1864, he closed his eleven years
pastorate in Philadelphia and retired to his farm,
nearColmar, Montgomery Co., Pa. As his health
soon began to improve he gave short periods of
service to New Britain Baptist church, Bucks Co.,
Bristol church, and the Gwynedd Baptist church.
In November, 1869, he entered upon his labors as
pastor of the Montgomery church. For eleven
years God s blessing has attended this union. He
has baptized 500 persons during his ministry.

Baldwin, Thomas, D.D., was born Dec. 23,
1753, in Bozrah, Conn. As in many similar cases,
it seems to have been the mother who left the im
press of a fine moral and intellectual character on
her son. Early in life he developed a taste for
books. It is an indication of the regard in which
he was held by his fellow-townsmen that when
comparatively a young man he was chosen to rep
resent the village of Canaan, N. II., to which he
had removed, in the Legislature of the State. It
was his purpose to fit himself for the legal profes
sion, and he commenced his studies to prepare to
practice law. But the Master had another work
for him to do. In 1780 he was brought to see his
condition as a sinner, and to accept Christ as his

personal Lord and Redeemer. He felt it his duty to
leave the church in which he had been brought up
and avow himself a Baptist. This he did at the
sacrifice of personal feeling and the sundering of
many a tie which bound him to old friends. The

THOMAS HA 1,1) WIN, D.I).

step which he thus took was soon followed by an
other. He decided to spend his life in the work of
winning souls to Christ, and building up the cause
of him who had by his grace brought him to the
saving knowledge of the truth. In due time he
was set apart to the work of the ministry by ordi
nation as an evangelist, and for seven years per
formed the duties of pastor of the Baptist church
in Canaan.

The Second Baptist church in Boston, known for
so many years by the honored name of the " Bald
win Place church, now the "Warren Avenue
church," was destitute of a pastor. Such was the
reputation of the laborious country minister of
New Hampshire that he was sent for to preach to
them. The result of this invitation was a call to
become their minister, which was accepted. In
the year 1791 not far from 70 were added to the
church, and in 1803 commenced another revival,
the fruit of which was an addition to the church
of 212 persons.

The labors of Dr. Baldwin were not confined to
the ministry. In 1803 he took the editorial charge
of the Massachusetts Baptist Magazine, and for
fourteen years conducted that journal with an
ability which made it an efficient aid in promoting
the interests of the denomination. Until the time
of his death he was its senior editor, receiving help

BALEX

BALL

when the pressure of other duties forced him to
cease from its full management.

Amid all the demands made on him in the vari
ous directions to which \ve have referred. Dr.
Baldwin found time to write and publish several
controversial works, in which with great ability he
vindicated the peculiar views of his denomination.
Perhaps his ablest work of this character is one
which he published in 1X10. A Series of Letters."
in which the distinguishing sentiments of the Uap-
tists are explained and vindicated, in answer to a
late publication by the Rev. Samuel Worcester,
A.M., addressed to the author, entitled " Serious
and Candid Letters. The Avork took so high a
stand that Andrew Fuller declared it to be the
ablest discussion of the matters in controversy that
lie had ever read.

Dr. Baldwin went to Watcrvillc in 1826. Tie
spent the afternoon of the 2 Jth of August in look
ing over the college premises, and informing him
self respecting the internal workings of the insti
tution. During the succeeding night he uttered
one deep groan and entered into rest. It was for
the good man almost a translation. From such a
"sudden death" we have no occasion to pray
"Good Lord deliver us."

It is not necessary to enumerate the honors that
were conferred on Dr. Baldwin, or name the offices
of trust and responsibility to which he was called.
It is sufficient to say that the honors were as numer
ous as those which any other minister .of the de
nomination has ever had conferred upon him, while
the offices were of the highest respectability, and
such as have been filled by our ablest and worthiest
men.

His publications were numerous. His contro
versial works have already been alluded to, some
of which were acknowledged to be of the very ablest
character. Dr. Wayland says of him, " lie retained
to the last the entire confidence of men of most
conflicting opinions, and even came off from the
arena of theological controversy rich in the esteem
of those whom his argument failed to convince.
He was in the very front ranks of the distinguished
ministers who have adorned their profession in con
nection with the denomination which he so faith
fully and for so many years served." lie uniformly,
towards the close of life, left upon every one the
impression of old age in its loveliest and most in
teresting aspect, and Christianity in its mildest and
most attractive exhibition.

Balen, Deacon Peter, was born in Hacken-
sack, N. J., in 1804. He was often in straitened
circumstances in early life ; but there, in his
own home, he knelt and consecrated himself to
God. He resolved that the Lord should have a
portion of his earnings while yet he was making a
poor living. On a certain occasion when he was

sorely tempted by Satan to withdraw a subscrip
tion made to a benevolent object, he fought and
overcame, lie prospered in business, and has done
an extensive wholesale trade. Churches in New
York City and the benevolent societies have re
ceived large sums from him. Years ago he re
moved to Plainfield, where he is exerting a wide
Christian influence. He has always been a Sun-
dav-school man, and as superintendent or teacher
has led many to Christ. lie is a studious searcher
of the Scriptures, and has read the Bible through
many times.

Ball, Rev. Eli, was horn in Marlborough. Vt.,
Nov. 2, ITXC). Having removed to the city of
Boston, Mass., when about nineteen, he was bap
tized there in the latter part of the year ISO."). He
preached his first sermon in that city in December,
1XOT. and was licensed in the following -Inly. While
pursuing his studies under the Revs. Daniel Stan
ford and Caleb Blood, he preached for the church in
Maiden, a few miles from Boston, for more than a
year. Until the year 1X23 he supplied successively
the Baptist churches in Harwich. Mass. ; Wilming
ton and Lansingburg, N. Y. : and Middletown,
Conn. In June, 1823, he visited A irginia. and in
July became pastor of the church in Lynchburg.
At the end of two years ho removed to Henrico
County, where for seven or eight years he labored
with much success, preaching day and night, con
ducting Bible-classes, and instituting prayer-meet
ings, so that many were hopefully converted and
added to the churches through his instrumentality.
Besides his regular pastoral labors, a large amount
of pulpit labor was bestowed upon other churches
of the State at protracted meetings, ordinations,
etc. As an agent, too, Mr. Ball was greatly suc
cessful, in which capacity he served the Bible So
ciety of Virginia, the Baptist General Association,
and especially the Foreign Mission Board of the
Southern Baptist Convention, in the State of Geor-
&lt;na. For a short time he was also a professor in
the Baptist seminary (Richmond College), and also
editor of the Jtelit/iotts Herald. He served as
agent for the Columbian College, and during two
visits to South Carolina and Georgia secured ^5000.
His labors in behalf of temperance were also re
markably successful. His deep interest in the for
eign mission cause led him in 1X2X to make a visit to
the coast of Africa, to examine the condition of the
Liberian Mission, during Avhich visit he gathered
a mass of information with respect to the work
there, which was of great service to the board.
After prosecuting his agency for a year after his
return, he was preparing to visit Africa a second
time, when he was attacked by disease, and died
in Richmond, July 21, 1853. Few men have been
more diligent and active in Christian labors than
Mr. Ball. These were crowned with abundant

BALL

JiAXES

success; up to 1849 he had baptized 914 persons.
and had been the means, doubtless, of the conver
sion of verv manv more. His l-.ss was keenly
mourned and deeply felt. " Doubtless." says his
biographer, " Eii Ball will long be remembered by
Virginia, Baptists as one of their soundest, best,
and most useful proclaimers of the glorious gospel."

Ball, Rev. Lewis, an active and efficient minis
ter in Northwestern Mississippi, was born in South
Carolina in 1820. came to Mississippi and began to
preach in 1844. His abundant labors have greatly
advanced the cause of truth. Bv his labors the
Sunflower Association was established. lie w;.,s a
colonel in the (Jon federate army.

Ball, Rev. Martin, an early Baptist preacher
in North Mississippi, was born in South Carolina
in 18(19. lie came to Mississippi as a preacher in
184;&gt;. and until the time of his death. 1859. ex
erted a wide influence in the northern part of the
State, lie was successful as an evangelist, as a
presiding officer, and especially as a peace-maker.

Baltimore, Eutaw Place Baptist Church of.

The edifice of tlrs church was completed earlv
in 1871. The material is white marble. It is 75
feet wide and 100 feet deep. The spire is 11)1) feet
high. The house and lot. counting the -ash value
of the site, which was donated, cost Si 22. "&lt;):). The
structure was reared for a colony brought bv the
late Dr. Richard Fuller from the Seventh Baptist
church, of which he was pastor till his death. The
church is one of the most beautiful and commodious
in Baltimore.

Bampfield, Rev. Francis, M.A. Francis

Bampfield descended from a distinguished family
in Devonshire. England. lie was horn in 1615.
In his sixteenth year he became a student of Wad-
ham College. Oxford. He was at the university
about seven years, and left it with talents and cul
ture of a high order. He was ordained deacon and
presbyter by Bishops Hall and Skinner. His first
settlement was in a parish in Dorsetshire, where
he spent his entire income from the church in
Billies and religious books for the poor, and in
providing work for them, and in giving alms to
those who could not, labor, lie removed to Slier-
borne, in the same county, to become the parish
minister, after a short stay with his first charge,
and he remained at Slierborne till ejected, in 16(&gt;2,
by the act of uniformity. Before he removed to
Sherborne he became a Puritan, and he grew in
knowledge till he became a Baptist. For some
time after he became an advocate of an extensive
reformation in the church; he still continued, to
the great astonishment of all his religious friends,
an earnest advocate of the cause of Charles I. and
a decided enemy of the Parliament; he even hesi
tated for a time to pay taxes levied by the legis
lature. In process of time his opinions changed,

for we find him among the Triers appointed by
Cromwell to secure pious ministers for the church
and the removal of unworthy men from it. His
family, too. seem to have changed their political
course, for his brother. Thomas Bampiield, Esq..
was the speaker if one of Oliver Cromwell s Par
liaments.

Francis Bampfield was. above all things, a living
servant of. Jesus; the frowns and smiles of men
| were vainly used to turn him from his Master.
Worldly losses and bodily sufferings appeared to
him as trifles compared to the supreme felicity of
a c inscicnce void of offense before (&gt;od.

After he resigned his living he began preaching
in his own house at Slierborne. and not quite a
month after the Act of Uniformity went into oper
ation, while he was holding a religious service, he
and twenty-six others of those who were present
were carr ed to prison, where tliev were kept in
one room with but a single bed. They were, how
ever, soon released on bail. Not lonir after he was
again put in jail in Dorchester, and kept there for
nine years. In this prison he preached almost
daily, and was enabled to gather a church w . thin
its walls.

lie founded a church in Pinner s Hall, in Eon-
don, on the 5th of March. 1(175, to which he
j preached as often as he was out of jail during sea
sons of worship till he died. lie departed for the
eternal rest from the prison of Newgate, Feb. Id,
I I (ISM. He died at last from the injury inflided on
his health by his prolonged imprisonments.

Mr. Bampiield was a scholarly man, and "one
of the most celebrated preachers in the west of
England." lie was a giant in defense of the truth,
and a devout man full of the Hoi}* Spirit. He
belonged to the Seventh-Day Baptists.

Bancroft, Rev. Samuel, was born in 1789 in
Annapolis Co., Nova Scotia. He was converted
when young, and baptized by Rev. Thomas A ins-
lie. He was ordained in 1828. at Westport. Nova
Scotia, and removed to New Brunswick in 18.31,
where his pastoral and missionary labors were very
successful. His life was a ministry of goodness.
He died Jan. 1, 1870.

Banes, Col. Charles H., was born in Philadel
phia, Pa., Oct. 24, 1831. His education was liberal,
and his thirst for knowledge has led to the acquisition
of a valuable library, and of an extensive amount
of information upon all questions that interest
Christians and men of culture. He was engaged
in mercantile pursuits until the commencement
of the late war, when he gave up the prospects of
financial success for the perils of the battle-field and
the protection of our national flag. He entered
the service as a captain of infantry in August,
ISfil. At Fredcrieksburg, in December, 18(12, he
was promoted to be assistant adjutant-general.

EUTAW PLACE BAPTIST CHURCH, BALTIMORE.

BANES

B AWARD

He was brevetted major, July, 1863, " for gallant
and meritorious services" at Gettysburg. In May,
1864, he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for the
same reasons. At Cold Harbor, in June, 1864, he
received a painful and dangerous wound, which

COL. CHARLES II. BAXES.

confined him to a couch of helplessness and suffer
ing for months, and from the effects of which he
can never recover. His last battle compelled his
retirement from the army, in which his skill and
bravery had been so conspicuously exhibited.

As soon as returning strength permitted he en
tered business once more ; and now the firm of
which he is a prominent and active member owns
one of the most extensive and prosperous manu
facturing establishments in their branch of industry
in the United States.

Col. Banes wrote a history of the Philadelphia
Brigade, for which his scholarly tastes, exact in
formation, and personal experiences gave him emi
nent qualifications. The work has been deservedly
and highly commended, and has taken a creditable
place in the literature of our Great Struggle.

Col. Banes is an untiring worker in various sci
entific, benevolent, and religious organizations,
and though the last man to seek prominence in
anything, his friends will push him forward as
trustee of the Franklin Institute, president of the
Baptist Social Union, of the Baptist City Mission,
and of other kindred enterprises. At the last Con
gressional election in his district his political and
other friends placed him before the people as a
candidate for the House of Representatives, and

his popular name secured some twelve hundred
more votes than his predecessor in a similar strug
gle obtained two years before.

The generous gifts of Col. Banes have already
removed heavy church debts and gladdened labor
ers in other benevolent fields.

Courteous, cultured, and Christian, his brethren
love him, and wish that his spirit might seize every
Baptist in America.

Banvard, Joseph, D.D., was born in the city
of New York, May 9, 1S10. On his father s side
he was descended from the French Huguenots, and
on his mother s from the early settlers of New
England. His parents being members of the Mora
vian Church he was brought up under its influence.
He was converted through the instrumentality of
the late Rev. Dr. Charles G. Sommers, and united
with the church of which he was the pastor in
New York. He received his preparatory education
at the South Reading Academy, and then pursued
the full course of study at the Newton Theological
Institution. He graduated from Newton in the
class of 1835, and a few davs after was ordained

JOSEl II JJANVAKI). ]&gt;.!&gt;.

pastor of the Second, now the Central Baptist,
church in Salem, Mass. While conscientiously
performing his ministerial duties Dr. Banvard has
found time to gratify his love for history and the
natural sciences, lie has been honored on account
of his attainments in the departments referred to
by having been chosen an honorary member of the
Boston Society of Natural History, and of the His
torical Society of Wisconsin. He was at one time
vice-president of the Worcester Co., Mass., Natural

BAPTISM

BA FT ISM

History Society, and president of the Historical
Society of Passaic Co., X. J.

The pastorates of Dr. Banvard have been as fol
lows. He remained in Salem eleven years, 1835
4C), and then accepted a call to the Harvard Street
church in Boston, where he continued five years,
1S4()-51. lie then became pastor of the church in
West Cambridge, where, during- his ministry, a
new and attractive house; of worship was built.
lie was pastor of this church two years, 1851-53,
and then took up his residence in New York as
pastor of the Cannon Street church. Here he re
mained three years, lS5. J-5t&gt;, and then returned to
New England to take charge of the First Baptist
church in Pawtucket, 11. I. This position he held
for five years. 185t&gt;-61, and then went to Worcester,
Mass., where he was pastor of the Main Street
church five years, 1861-66. He was then chosen
president of the National Theological Institute,
District of Columbia, for the education of colored
teachers and preachers. When this work was as
sumed by the American Baptist Home Mission So
ciety he resigned, and accepted a call to the pas
torate of the First Baptist church in Paterson,
N. J., where he remained ten years, 1866 76. Re
signing his pastorate in Paterson he returned once
more to New England, and became pastor of the
church in Neponset, Mass. Dr. Banvard received
the honorary degree of A.M. from Columbian Col
lege, Washington, I). C., and the degree of Doctor
of Divinity from Shurtleff College, Upper Alton,
111. Among the productions of his pen are several
series of Sunday-school question books, a scries of
eight volumes on natural history, five volumes on
American history, " Priscilla, or Trials for the
Truth, and two hymn-books. The present resi
dence (1878) of Dr. Banvard is Neponset, Mass.

Baptism a Breach of the Sixth and Seventh
Commandments. Few men have done more than
Richard Baxter to serve the Redeemer s kingdom.
In his own day his name was a tower of strength.
Against our brethren he wielded all his immense
influence with untiring energy, and with the gross
est misrepresentations. lie says,

That which is a plain breach of the sixth com
mandment, Thou shall not kill, 1 is no ordinance of
God, but a most heinous sin ; but the ordinary
practice of baptizing by dipping over head in cold
water, as necessary, is a plain breach of the sixth
commandment ; therefore it is no ordinance of God,
but an heinous sin. And as Mr. Craddock, in his
book of Gospel Liberty, shows, the magistrate
ought to restrain it, to save the lives of his subjects ;
even on their principles, that will yet allow the
magistrate no power directly in matters of worship.
That this is flat murder, and no better, being ordi
narily and generally used, is undesirable to any
understanding man. For that which directly tend-

eth to overthrow men s lives, being wilfully used,
is plain murder." lie then proceeds to prove that
our fathers violated the seventh commandment,
" Thou uluilt not commit adultery. 1 " My revonth
argument is also against another wickedness in their
manner of baptizing, which is their dipping per
sons naked, as is very usual with many of them :
or next to naked,* as is usual with the modestest,
that I have heard of." There is not a solitary case
on record among the English Baptists of baptism
in a state of nudity. Nor is there a single instance
in the history of the Christian Church, even during
the first twelve centuries, when immersion was uni
versal, of injury to any one by baptismal dipping.
The misrepresentations of men like Mr. Baxter
had so much weight in England that the Rev.
Samuel Gates was tried on the charge of minder
at Chclmsford, in 1046, the victim of his supposed
crime being Anne Martin, whom he baptized some
time before her death. But Mr. Oatesf had an in
telligent jury, and he was acquitted. Against the
slanders of hosts of men, many of them persons
of great piety and of extensive reputation, our
honored fathers had to contend ; and they have
lived and even triumphed in the furnace filled with
such unholy flames.

Baptism of Ten Thousand English. E n .; a 1 1 d
received its name from the Angles, who, with the
Saxons, came to that country in the middle of the
fifth century; the country previous to their con
quest was called Britain. Its ancient inhabitants
were Christians from the end of the second century.
The Anglo-Saxons were savage pagans, who de
stroyed the Britons, or drove them into Wales and
Cornwall, and removed every trace of Christianity.
In 596 a mission came to convert the idolatrous
English, from Rome, led by Augustine, a monk. ;;nd
in 597, 10,000 of them were baptized in one day in
the Swale; this stream is not the Yorkshire River
of the same name ; it flows between the Isle of
Sheppy, in Kent, and the mainland, and its two
extremities are now called East and West Swale.
It extends for 12 miles, and is navigable for vessels
of 200 tons burden. The East Swale is 9 miles
from Canterbury, the seat of Augustine s mission,
and on that account, ever since, the see of the
chief prelate of the English Church. (Cathcart s
"Baptism of the Ages," pp. 22. Publication So
ciety, Philadelphia.)

Gocelin, a monk of Canterbury, in the eleventh
century, with the ancient Chronicles of Kent
before him, two of which were collated by him in
his " Life of St. Augustine," says,

"More than 10,000 of the English were born
again in the laver of holy baptism, with an infinite

* Baxter s " Plain Scripture Proof," pp. 134-3G.

t Crosby s " History of the English Baptists." Preface, 34-36.

BAPTISM

A rrrsv

number of women and children, in a river which
the English rail Sirarios. the Swale, as if at one
birth of the ehurch, and from one womb. These
persons, at the command of the teacher, as if he
were an angel from heaven calling upon them, all
entered the dangerous depth of tlie river (minaeem
jlfDtiinis prqfinidi(atem) two and two together, as
if it had been a solid plain : and in the true faith,
confessing the exalted Trinity, they were baptized
one by the other in turns, the apostolic leader
blessing the water. So great a progeny for heaven
lorn out of a deep whirlpool" (de prof undo guryite
naxr.cretnr]. (Vita Sanct. August. Patrol. Lat.. vol.
Ixxx. pp. 7 .), SO. migne Parisiis.) This was the
first baptism among the people, whose new country,
after a portion of them, was called England ; the
mode of the baptism in the Swale was clearly im
mersion.

Baptism, The Scriptural Mode of. The form

of a ceremony is essential to its existence. A cere
mony teaches truth, not by direct statements, but
by material symbols; and if tin 1 figures are changed
you alter their teaching. Bread was used by the
Saviour to represent his b &gt;dy, because it is the
chief part of the food of all nations, and. prob-
ablv, because the grain of which it is made was
"peeled bv the flail, heated intensely by the kiln,
ground bv the millstones, and bilked in the oven."
This figure teaches that through intense sufferings
Jesus becomes the soul food of all believers. The
cup of the Lord s Su nper contains wine made by
the crushing of grapes. These two svmbols teach
most powerfully that a bruised and wounded Sa
viour is the bread of life to all believers. Substi
tute fish and vegetables for bread and wine and
the teaching of the ordinance is gone ; or take away
cither the brea 1 or the cup and you destroy the
most sacred of ceremonial institutions. The cere
mony of hand-shaking loses all its symbolical teach
ing by a change in its form. When you extend
your open hand to an acquaintance, if he were to
place his closed fist in it there would be no friendly
grasp there, and while tw.&gt; hands met the ceremony
would look more like fighting on the part of one than
familiar greeting. A ceremonial ordinance teaches
by form, and if you change the form you mar or
destroy the instruction. In the Scriptures baptism
is immersion in water. The mode is fixed for all
time. No anthoritv out of heaven can change it.
One Lord, one faith, and one baptism. Any change
in this ceremonial institution destroys it.

Baptism is intended to show that we are dead
and buried with Christ, and that we have risen to
a regenerated life: " Therefore we are buried with
him by baptism into death: that like as Christ
was raised up from the dead by the glory of the
Father, even so we also should walk in newness of
life." Horn. vi. 4. " Buried with him in baptism,

wherein also ye are risen with him through the
faith of the operation of God." Col. ii. \ 2. In
immersion a man is covered over as if lie were in
his grave; there can be 710 breathing, except for a
second, as if the man were dead ; he rises up out
of the water as if he Avore ascending from the
grave. Immersion shows all this. Do sprinkling
and pouring cover over a man as if he were buried?
or stop his breathing as if he were dead? or raise
him up as if lie were coming out of a grave? Our
Pedobaptist brethren sometimes plavfully tell us
that our differences about baptism simply relate to
the quantity of water, we want more ami they de
sire less. This statement is a serious mistake.
Xovatiau, in the third century, when he supposed
he was dyin&lt;j;. thinking that he could not bear to
be dipped, had water " poured around" him until
he was saturated with it. lie was probably as wet
as if he had been dipped three times in water, ac
cording to the custom of that day. but lie was not
buried In/ baptism, his breath was not stopped for
a moment under the water as if he were dead, he
did not rise out of the water as if he were rising
out of a grave. Xovatian had not Christian bap
tism, as Eu&lt;e]iius* gravely hints. lie gives us the
first firiii / example of pouring in baptism, which
had. perhaps, not liftv imitators for six centuries
afterwards. It is not the quantity of water used
in baptism that makes it scriptural or the reverse.
If a stream of water had been poured on Nova-
tian which ran away and formed a river, he would
not have been buried or covered over bv baptism,
nor would his baptism have resembled death and
the resurrection. The 11 man Catholic cardinal
Pullus. in the middle of the twelfth century, thus
beautifully and truly describes baptism : Whilst
the candidate for baptism in water is immersed the
death of Christ is suggested : whilst immersed, and
covered with water, the burial of Christ is shown
forth ; whilst be is raised from the waters, the
resurrection of Christ is proclaimed. ! Anything
assuming to be baptism which does not cover the
bapti/.ed with water, and lift him out of the water,
as if raising him from the dead, is a fraudulent
ceremony destitute of any divine sanction : immer
sion was the baptismal burial of Paul, and (he cus
tom of all Christian countries during the first
twelve centuries of our era.

Jesus was baptized in the river Jordan, "out of
the water of which he went up straightway" (Matt,
iii. Id) when the Spirit of (lod descended upon
him like a dove. Of John the Baptist it is said,
" Then went out to him Jerusalem, and all Judea,
and all the region round about Jordan, and were
baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins."

* Ecdi-s. Hist., vi. -I: ,.

f I atrol. Lat., vol. 150, p. 315,

BAPTISM

Matt. iii. 5. These baptisms in Jordan were im
mersions. If we read that twenty persons were
baptized in the James River at Lynchburg, no one
in the full use of his mental faculties would doubt
their immersion. When it is said, John also was
baptizing in Enon, near to Salim, because there was
much water there, -John iii. 123, the inference
cannot be resisted that they were immersed.

The Saviour speaking of his sufferings says, " I
have a baptism to be baptized with ; and how am I
straitened till it be accomplished! Luke xii. 50.
This was not his baptism in water, that had taken
place some time ago ; nor yet his baptism of the
Spirit, that he already enjoyed. This verse refers
to his dreadful sufferings. He was to be plunged
in agonies and covered completely by them. This
is the most fitting figure ever employed to describe
them. The Saviour s brow in his atoning sorrows
was not sprinkled with pains, his face had not a
few drops of anguish poured upon it, his whole
Si ml and body were coni]&gt;lctely covered with the
sufferings of atonement. He was immersed in woe,
as the believer is in the waters of baptism.

When Paul was converted to God Ananias was
sent by Jehovah to him, and he said, " And now
why tamest thou? Arise and be baptized, and
wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the
Lord Jesus. 1 Baptism according to Ananias, fresh
from God, is a figure of the washing away of sins.
This washing is not applied to the face or the
brow of the spirit, the whole soul is washed, and
its sins are all removed. As the washing of the
soul from its guilt leaves not a speck of it un-
cleansed, the figure of this washing must be a com
plete submersion of the whole body in water.

Luther* says, " Baptism is a Greek word ; in Latin
it can be translated immersion, as when we plunge
something into water that it may be completely covered
with water." Calvin, after declaring that the mode
of baptism is indifferent, says. " The very word
baptize, however, signifies to immerse; and it is
certain that immersion was observed by the ancient
church."^ In the first liturgy made for the Episco
pal Church in the reign of Edward VI., 1549, the
priest is enjoined, after naming the child, to " dip it
in the water thrice. First dipping the right side;
second, the left side; the third time dipping the face
toward the font; so it be discreetly and warily
done." J Then weak children are permitted the use
of pouring. John Wesley writes in his Journal,
while he was on a visit to Georgia, in 1736 : " Satur
day, Feb. 21st. Mary Welsh, aged eleven days, was
baptized according to the custom of the first church.

* Opera Luthori, Do Sacrum. Bapt., i.. p. 319, 1504

t Instil. Christ. Kelis.. lib. iv., cap. 15, sec. 19, p. 044, London,

t The Two Liturgies, p. 111-12, Parker Society.

and the rule of the Church of England, by immer
sion. ^ By the testimony of the modern scholar
ship of the world the Greek word translated baptize
means to immerse. This is its use in the New
Testament. This was the practice of Christendom
for twelve centuries after Christ. || And when
immersion is not conferred in baptism the candidate
for the rite is not baptized.
Baptism, the Scriptural Subjects of. It is

common for nations to confer favors upon their
own subjects, and upon their friends. It would lie
a singular and very unwise procedure for any great
state to bestow special privileges upon those who
are not its friends, and who without a radical
change of heart never can be. Baptism is an ex
alted honor; infants are not the friends of Christ s
kingdom, and they never will be unless they are
born of the Spirit of God. Baptism has no tend
ency to produce a new heart, and its bestowal
upon unconscious infants is a senseless and unwise
abuse of a blessed ordinance intended only for the
Saviour s friends.

The Scriptures know nothing of any baptism for
unconscious infants. The commission of Jesus to
preach and baptize is given in Matt, xxviii. 19:
"Go ye therefore and teach all nations, baptizing
them in the name of the Father, and of the Son,
and of the Holy Spirit." The lessons to be given
the nations are on the love of God in giving Jesus,
his atoning merits and mercies, his precious prom
ises, solemn warnings, and final judgment, and on
the power of faith in Jesus to appropriate him and
all his spiritual wealth. Infants cannot receive
such lessons ; they were not intended for uncon
scious babes. It would be an outrage on common
sense to try to teach the multiplication table to a
babe of a week or a month old, and a far greater
absurdity to command the profound teachings of
Calvary to be imparted to little ones who do not
understand one word of any language. The com
mission is a command to instruct those in all na
tions who are capable of understanding it, and to
baptize them when taught. The verb " teach is
"make disciples," the pronoun "them" is instead
of the noun "disciples," to baptize them is to im
merse disciples. And this is further confirmed by
what the Saviour adds, " Teaching them to observe
all things whatsoever I have commanded yon."
The persons to be baptized are first to be made dis
ciples by repentance and faith ; then they are to
receive immersion, and immediately after they are
to have full instruction in all the inspired words
of Jesus. The commission commands the baptism
not of unconscious infants, but of believers only.

On the day of Pentecost 3000 persons were bap-

l Wesley s Works, i., 130, Phila., 1820.

1 Cathcart s Baptism of the Ages, Baptist Pub. Society, Phila.

BAPTISM

BAPTIST

tized, of whom it is written, Then they that
gladly received his word were baptized, and the
same day there were added unto them about three
thousand souls." Acts ii. 41. No unconscious babe
received " the word gladly. These persons were
believers. When the evangelist, Philip, told the
&gt;,tory of the cross in Samaria, " They believed
Philip preaching the things concerning the king
dom of God and the name of Jesus Christ, and they
were baptized both men and women." Acts viii.
12. Philip s converts were all professed believ
ers, and these only were baptized. The eunuch
claimed to be a disciple before he was baptized.
Paul was a believer before Ananias immersed him.
Acts xxii. 16. Of Cornelius and his household
it is said that he was " a devout man, and one that
feared God with all his house." " Then answered
Peter, Can any man forbid water, that these should
not be baptized, who have received (he Holy Spirit
as well as we? And he commanded them to lie
baptized in the name of the Lord." Acts x. 2, 24.
47, 48. This devout household that had received
the Holy Spirit and baptism was a believing family,
and the " kinsmen and near friends of Cornelius, "
Avho shared in his privileges, were believers. Of
Lydia it is said that " the Lord opened her heart,
that she attended unto the things which were
spoken of Paul," and she was baptized, and her
household." Acts xvi. 14. 15. Nothing is said
about the persons composing her household. But
if her heart was opened by the Lord her family
needed the same blessing ; as for her family being
baptized on her faith, the writer of the Acts gives no
hint of it; he does not say she had children or a
husband, or that husband and children and servants
were baptized on her faith. She was a visitor on
business at Philippi, apparently without husband or
children, and there is no evidence that anv infant
received baptism in her household. Of the jailer
at Philippi, it is said that Paul and Silas "spake
unto him the word of the Lord, and to all that were
in his house, and that "he was baptized, he and
all his. straightway," and that " he rejoiced, believ
ing in God with all his house." Acts xvi. 32, 33,
34. Among these hearers of the Word who were
rejoicing believers there was no unconscious infant.
If the household of Crispus was baptized, it is said
that "he believed on the Lord with all his house,"
and in this supposed baptism the subjects were be
lievers. Of the twelve men who had only John s
baptism, whom Paul met at Ephesus, and whom
he is supposed to have rebaptized, Acts xix. 2. it
cannot be said that there was an unconscious infant
among them. Nor could there be in the household
of Stephanas, baptized by Paul, and of whom he
says, that " they addicted themselves to the ministry
of the saints. 1 1 Cor. xvi. 15. John s baptism
was precisely the same as Christ s, as Calvin (In

stitutes, lib. iv., cap. 15, sec. 7) and others teach,
and of it Mark says, " John did baptize in the
wilderness, and preach the baptism of repentance
for the remission of sins. And there went out unto
him all the land of Judea, and they of Jerusalem,
and were all baptized of him in the river Jordan,
confessing their sins." Mark i. 4, 5. No uncon
scious infant confessed its sins in these Jordan im
mersions. The apostle John gives the Saviour s
exact idea of the qualifications for baptism when
he says, "When therefore the Lord knew how the
Pharisees had heard that Jesus made and baptized
more disciples than John." -John iv. 1. This is
the Saviour s law of baptism, make disciples, then
baptize them: "Go ye and teach all nations (make
disciples of all nations), baptizing them in the
name," etc. This was the uniform practice of the
apostles, to which there are no exceptions. There
is not an instance of infant baptism in the New
Testament, nor is there any command enjoining it.
It lias no more Scriptural foundation than the in
fallibility of the Pope, or the inspiration of the
"Book of Mormon." Neander writes with au
thority when he says. "Baptism, at first, was ad
ministered only to adults, as men were accustomed
to conceive baptism and faith as strictly connected.
We have (ill reason for not deriving infant baptism
from apostolic institution. There is but one New
Testament scripture which can be used to counte
nance infant baptism : " Submit yourself to every
ordinance of man for the Lord s sake," 1 Peter ii.
13, but unfortunately the same scripture requires
submission to every enormity instituted by earthly
governments.
Baptist, Rev. Edward, Sr., D.D., 1790-

1863, was born in Mecklenburg Co., Ya., May 12,
17 JU; becoming a Christian at the age of eighteen,
he united with the Presbyterian Church, of which
his mother was a member, his father being an
Episcopalian. lie graduated in Ilampden Sidney
College with a view to the practice of medicine.
He became dissatisfied with his ecclesiastical rela
tions, and on a thorough investigation of the sub
ject of baptism, united with the Baptists, and was
baptized by the Rev. Richard Dobbs. Realizing
that God had called him to the gospel ministry,
he returned to Ilampden Sidney, and graduated in
the courses of theology under the celebrated I&gt;r.
Iloge : and in 1815. at the age of twenty-five, he
was set apart by ordination to his high calling,
and settled in Powhatan County ; was married
to Miss Eliza J. C. Eggleston, who survived him ;
built up several strong churches in Virginia; held
an influence among the Baptists of that State
second to no man in his day ; was the prime mover
in the origination of the General Association in
1822, and drafted its constitution. lie was also
the originator of the Baptist Educational Society

BA 1 TIST

BAPTISTERY

and Soinintirv of that State, and by appointment
instructed a number of young men who were
studying for tlie ministry. Being a preacher of
great ability, piotv, and eloquence, a revival began
under his ministry which extended over a large
part of the State, and joyously affected the churches
in the city of Richmond. After a brilliant minis
try of twenty years in Virginia, he moved to Ala
bama in IS. !"), settling in Marengo County, where
he remained to his death. In his new field he
again planted and established several strong
churches, among a wealthy and liberal people.
One of them was at Uniontown, where he was
many years pastor. lie took an active part in the
Baptist Convention of this State, and in all our
denominational schools and enterprises. lie re
ceived several calls to large city churches, which
lie declined, believing that a country pastorale
suited his frail health better, lie wrote exten
sively for the Itelii/ioii..-* HIT aid anil other Christian
papers; held honorable contests in the public
prints with Alexander Campbell and Dr. John L.
llice. A series of thirty letters published in the
Eeligioiis Herald was subsequently put in book-
form. A volume of his sermons was in the hands
of the Southern Baptist Publication Society at
Charleston for publication, but with much other
valuable Baptist literature it was destroyed in the
late war. Dr. Baptist died at his residence in
Marengo Co., Ala., March 31, 18G3, having lived
in that State twenty-eight years. He was always
in comfortable worldly circumstances; reared a
charming family. His sun. Rev. Edward Baptist,
Jr., is now a distinguished minister in Virginia.
Dr. Baptist was a devout, zealous, happy, Chris
tian gentleman.

Baptist General Convention for Missionary
Purposes. See TRIENNIAL CONVENTION.
Baptist Pioneers in Religious Enterprise.

Through Roger Williams they founded the first
government on earth where absolute religious lib
erty was established. Through the protracted labors
of the Rev. John Caune they placed marginal ref
erences in the English Bible. (Neal s " History of
the Puritans," ii. 50. Dublin, 1755.) Through Dr.
William Carey they gave modern missions to the
pious regards and efforts of Christians in all lands.
Through the Rev. Joseph Hughes, of London, on
May 4, 1804, they established the British and For
eign Bible Society, and in it every kindred institu
tion on earth. (Ivimey s " History of the English
Baptists," ii. 93.) For their numbers Baptists have
shown an extraordinary measure of holy enterprise.
Baptist Weekly, The, is a quarto journal, de
voted, as its name indicates, to the promotion of
Christianity as held by the Baptists. The Chris
tian Contributor and the Western Christian were
purchased by the American Baptist Free Mission

Society, and they were united, and received the
name of the American Baptist, Rev. Warhnm
Walker, editor. The paper, with the headquarters
of the society, was located at Utica, X. Y., until
1857, when it was removed to the citv of New
York. Mr. Walker was assisted for a year by the
well-known Rev. Nathan Brown, D.I)., a returned
missionary from Assam, alter which Dr. Brown
was appointed editor, assisted by Rev. .John Duer,
of Massachusetts, and he remained in the position
till 1872, when ho resigned to accept an appoint
ment from the American Baptist- Missionary Union
as missionary to Japan. The paper under Dr.
Brown was opposed to slavery, all secret societies,
and the honorary titles of clergymen.

In May, 1872, A. L. Patton. D.D.. purchased the
paper, changed it from a folio to a quarto, enlarged
it, and improved it in many respects. Its special
ties were dropped, and it entered on a vigorous ad
vocacy of all the great interests of the Baptist
denomination. It earnestly maintains the distinc
tive principles and practices of the Baptists. It is
eminently conservative, patient with those who
differ from it, conciliatory to those who strike out
on new departures" in matters not essential to
purity of life or evangelical teaching. It is emi
nently a peace-maker in /ion. Dr. Patton and
Dr. Middleditch make an admirable paper, whose
weekly visits are welcomed by a large number of
subscribers.

Baptistery, an Ancient Roman and a Mod
ern. The Rev. Dr. A. J. Rowland, of Philadel
phia, gives the following account of a celebrated
baptistery in Rome:

I visited it on Sunday afternoon, Sept. 24. 1876 ;
the building is octagonal in form, and stands a lit
tle distance from the line old church of St. John
de Lateran. which gives it its name (and for the
use of which it was appropriated). One is struck
with the antiquity of its appearance, and is not
surprised to learn from the guide that it dates back
to the time of Constantino. The building is about
50 feet in diameter. The pool of the baptistery is
of creen basalt ; and it is about twenty feet long
In/ -fifteen wide, the form being that of an ellipse.
There seemed to be a false wooden floor in the bot
tom, but the depth, even ici/k this, iras something
over three feet. I asked the guide, who seemed to
belong to one of the lower orders of the clergy, the
use of this large font, so unlike those in modern
churches, and he replied that its size was due to
the fact that anc.iently people wire immersed. I
inquired if it was ever used for immersion now.
Yes, he said; on Easter-eve. Jews and pagans
wlio accept the faith of the church are baptized
here in that way. This fact I subsequently found
also in Baedeker s celebrated guide-book. On the
j right and left of the baptistery building doors

BAPTISTERY

open into two small apartments, now known a
chapels ; on the ceiling of one of them is an ol&lt;
mosaic, dating back to the fifth century, represent
ing John tin; Baptist performing the rite of immer
sion. It appeared to me that these two apartment
may have been originally dressing-rooms for bap
tismal occasions. Between the pool and the onto
Avails of the building there is space enough, I think
for four or five hundred spectators to witness a bap
tism." (Cathcart s "Baptism of the Ages, pp
152-53.)

A thousand years ago, at Easter, immersion Ava.&gt;
the customary mode of baptism in this church, an&lt;
the pope himself was occasionally the administra
tor, wearing a "pair of waxed drawers," which, of
course, were water-proof. (- 1 History of Baptism. "
by Robinson, p. 10(5. Xashville, i860.) There art
still many ancient baptisteries in Italy.

A modern baptistery is generally in the church
edifice; that of the Second Baptist church, Phila
delphia, rests on. not in, the pulpit platform. Tt
is 8 feet long, about (5 feet wide, and 4 feet Ci
inches deep. It is octagonal in form. It is built
of white statuary marble, lined with zinc. It is
filled by one opening in the bottom, and emptied
by another. It is entered by two sets of iron
stairs coated with zinc, each of which is protected
from sight by a Aval nut curtain, of about 7 feet
in height from the pulpit platform. Six inches
from the top of the baptistery there is an opening
to prevent an overflow of the platform. Under
each set of steps is the end of a bent pipe, rising a
few inches from the bottom of the pool, the bend
of the pipe being in a furnace in the cellar ; when
the water is in the font and a fire in the furnace, this
water will reach a comfortable temperature in half
an hour. Back of the baptistery, on the same floor.
are two preparing-rooms for the accommodation of
candidates. The pool is one of the most beautiful
of modern fonts, but it is a poor vessel compared
with many ancient fonts still to be seen in Italy.

Baptistery in an Episcopal Church. Tvimey

says that u in the parish church of Cranbrook,
Kent, England, there is at present (1S14) a bap
tistery built for the purpose of immersion. It is
a brick cistern placed against the Avail within the
church above the floor. There are steps both out
side and inside, for the convenience of the person
baptized, Avhile the administrator stands by the
side of the baptistery to immerse the person. It
is supposed that the baptistery Avas built by the
vicar, a Mr. Johnson, in the beginning of the last
century." (" History of the English Baptists/ ii.,
227. London. 1814.) Probably there are several
other baptisteries in Episcopal churches in Eng
land just noAV. The law of that church requires
dipping unless it is certified to the priest " that the
child is weak." And as many adults in England,
C,

of Baptist training, have not been baptized, if ;niy
one of them united Avith the Episcopal Church, he
Avould most likely insist on immersion. The writer
of this article saw a beautiful baptistery in 184S
in the vestibule of the parish church. Bradford,
York, England.

Baptistery of Milan, The. Three friends .,.

different times searched Milan for photographs ,-i
its ancient baptistery at the request of the writer.
The first two failed to secure any picture, because
no photograph of it Avas ever taken. The last ob
tained, with some difficulty, and perhaps bv using
a golden argument, a lithograph sketch of the font

Jkcttistero.

BAPTISTERY OF All I, AX.

from a sacristan. It is an ancient sarcophagus, said
o have contained the ashes of an early saint ; its
naterial is porphyry. According to the measure-
nent of our friend it is feet 8 inches long and
24 inches deep. Until a very recent period fu l
mmersion was the baptism always administered in
his Catholic font. Dean Stanley utters the testi-
lony of Christendom about immersion in the
hurch of St. Ambrose when he says, "With the
wo exceptions of the Cathedral of Milan and the
ect of the Baptists, a few drops of water are now
he Western substitute for the threefold plunge into
he rushing rivers, or the wide baptisteries of the

Hast." In ls:50 the late Dr. Howard Malcom wit
nessed an immersion in the sarcophagus font, a full
."ccount of which is in " Tlie Baptism of the Aires,"
pp. 1 ."&gt;!&gt;. l. il.

1 lie friend already alluded to says. " On Sunday.
Auu;. 2."&gt;. 1S7S, I \vitnesseil ;i baptism in the Cathe
dral of .Milan. After anointing tlio ears of the
child, it was placed on the arms of the officiating
priest, his left arm being under its neck ; then. by
movements from tlie left to the right, the hack part
of its head was passed three times through the
water."

I low much later than 1S30 the font has been used
for immersion we cannot tell, but it was always
employed for this purpose till that time. And more
than 40 other baptisteries now in Italy, much larger
than the sarcophagus of .Milan, have given immer
sion for centuries to the people that lived around

Baptistery of Paulinus, in England. Near

tlie Cheviot Hills, dividing England from Scotland.
about 30 miles from Newcastle, and 2 miles from
the village of Harbottle. there is a beautiful foun
tain. issuing from the top of a little hill; its basin
at present is about .\4 feet long. 20 broad, and 2
deep. This cavitv could easily be made several
feet deeper: from the spring a stream flows which
firms a little creek. At tlie side of the fountain
the writer, in lSi i ,1. saw an ancient statue of life
si/.e called the " Bishop." no doubt Bishop Pau-
linus. The name of the fountain is "The Lady s
Well," evidently Our Lady." "The Virgin
Marv." At hand are the remains of an ancient
nunnery. In it stands a granite crucifix erected
about thirty years ago. under the superintendence
of the vicar of llarbottle. a graduate of Oxford,
on which is cut: "In This Place. Paulinus. Tlie
Bishop. Bapti/ed Three Thousand Northumbrians,
Easter. 027." (Cathcart s " Baptism of the Ages,
pp. 27. 2S, 29. 30. Publication Society. Philadel
phia.) Our Knglish ancestors baptized in fountains
and rivers very frequently.

Baptists, General Sketch of the. The Bap
tist denomination was founded by Jesus during his
earthly ministry. Next to the Teacher of Na/.areth.
our great leaders were the apostles, and the elders.
bishops, and evangelists, who preached Christ in
their times. The instructions of our Founder are
contained in the four (Jospels, the heaven-given
teachings of our earliest ministers are in the inspired
Lpistles. The first Baptist missionary journal was
the Acts of the Apostles. For the first two centu
ries all the congregations of the Church Universal
(Catholic) were Baptist communities. During the
two succeeding centuries the baptism of unconscious
babes had such a limited existence that it is scarcely
worthy of notice. During the fifth and sixth cen
turies the baptism of catechumens, that is, of cate

chized persons instructed beforehand for the sacred
rite, was still common throughout Christendom.
Though the candidates were constantly becoming
younger, they always professed their own faith.
Nor was the baptism of catechumens laid aside en-
tirclv in Home itself in the ninth century. From
the beginning of the fifth centurv infants commonly
were bapti/.ed when very ill to take away Adam s
limit, lest they might die and be lost. And though
there were a few cases of infant baptism before this
period, it was about this time it began to spread,
but it required a good many centuries to gain the
complete mastery of the Church I niversal (Cath
olic) : and before it succeeded, heretics, so called,
llourished outside of the great corrupted Church
I niversal (Catholic). And even infant baptism
itself, when it sprang up. had to take the apostolic
idea that faith was a prerequisite to baptism, and
borrow faith from the sponsors or parents of the
child, or- from the whole church, to make good its
claim to the initiatory rite of the Christian Church.
And it follows this course still.

The iirst great error among Christians was that
water baptism in some way removed the sins of
in-nilnitx. This heresy was common in the third
centurv. About the same time the Lord s Supper
be^an to be regarded by some as possessing soul-
healing etlicacy for him who partook of it. and a
magical power to protect the dwelling, or a ship at
sea. if a portion of the bread was in the one or the
other. These two follies led Christians to magnify
the minister enormously, who could impart the
soul-cleansing immersion, and consecrate the heart-
healing, and house- and ship-protecting, sacramental
supper. These heresies, with their priestly rever
ence, fostered sacerdotal ambition, and led to the
creation of gradations of rank among the clergy,
until in process of time the l iiiver&gt;al Church had
little to show but a pyramid of priests, with the
inferior ministry as its broad base, and the pope at
its head, and two sacred ceremonies, the one giving
imaginary salvation through baptismal water, and
: the other the supposed body and blood of the Lord,
through real bread and wine. And as evils grow
at a rapid rate, these perversions of baptism and
the Lord s Supper generated the whole brood of
Komish ceremonies and superstitions.

AVlien this conviction about the power of bap
tism to take away the sins of believers became
common in the third century, then for the first
time the baptism of unconscious babes was thought
of; but in that century there is only one case of
the kind, and not many more in the fourth : but in
the fifth. Augustine of Hippo began to frighten
the Christian world with the falsehood that infants
would perish through Adam s sin without baptism.
At the same time bits of the bread of the Lord s
Supper were forced upon the unconscious child, or

BAPTISTS

u little of the wine, to give double salvation from
two redeeming sacraments. As we have said, for
long ages after this hosts in the Church Universal
1 night this wicked rite, which usurped the place of
Christ s holy sacrament, and induced the Saviour s
servants to trust saving water, instead of the blood
"f atonement and the arm of omnipotence.

A\ hen these superstitions gained extensive sway
in the Church Universal (Catholic), communities of
Christians sprang up in various quarters, some of
which held the old truths of our mighty Founder
whom John baptized in the river Jordan when he
had reached the age of full manhood. The Pauli-
cians. originating in the seventh century in Arme
nia, were Baptists. This community, brought into
life by reading the Word of Cod. flourished for a
time in its native place, then it sent missionaries
into Thrace, Bulgaria. Bosnia, Servia, Italy. France.
Germany, and other countries, and gathered mil
lions of adherents, and terrified popes, and drew
kings with crusading armies of vast strength to
kill its members. Between five hundred thousand
and a million of them were put to death in France
in the thirteenth century.

This people was most commonly known in Europe
us Albigenses, but they bore many names and ma
lignant reproaches; and the worst doctrines and
practices were falsely imputed to them. The Pau-
lician, Bogomilian, Albigenses existed in strength
in Bosnia till 140:}, and were found there till a later
day.

From the twelfth century till the Reformation
the A\ aldenses occupied a conspicuous place in the
hatred of Catholic Europe, and in the violence of
fierce persecutions. And some of these illustrious
sufferers were Baptists.

In the same century which gave birth to the
A\ aldenses the Ilenricians and Petrobrusians com
menced their existence as gospel communities, and
held forth the lamp of life to the perishing, so that
large numbers were saved. These so-called heretics
were Baptists.

During that mighty upheaval in the days of Lu
ther which shook the papacy to its lowest founda
tions, men with Anabaptist principles appeared in
every direction with a suddenness that startled the
world, and they were welcomed immediately with
cruel greetings to foul dungeons and barbarous
deaths. Their blood flowed in torrents upon the
continent of Europe ; and even in England it was
wickedly shed.

It is not improbable that the ancient Britons
were opponents of infant baptism when the Romish I
missionary Augustine met them in 608. But the
evidence furnished by Bode, Eccles. Hist., lib. ii.,
cap. 2, is not sufficient to establish this. In the
early period of the Reformation Anabaptists be
came quite numerous in England, and they excited

the indignation of King Henry VIII. and the
clergy, and they are often alluded to in denuncia
tory language in public documents. A little fur
ther on they were subjected to cruel persecutions.
In the time of Edward VI., Joan of Kent, who car
ried Bibles into the palace of Henry A HI. for dis-
| tribution. concealed under her apron, when the
penalty for the act was death, was jriven to the
flames by King Edward by the over-persuasion of
Archbishop Cranmer. Others shared her harsh
fate, but Baptist doctrines spread, to the dismay of
the clergy, and found a place in hearts opened of
(iod in all parts of the kingdom. And even in
Scotland mighty John Knox found it necessary to
write a book against them. Queen Eli/abeth and
James I. treated them with royal barbarity, and
Charles I. would have imitated their example had
not the rising spirit of Anglo-Saxon liberty put a
bit in his mouth, and finally cut off the tyrant s
head. For some years preceding and following
1649, the date of this event, the Baptists enjoyed
extraordinary prosperity: they filled the English
army in Ireland with officers, and they had a larire
number over the troops located in Scotland and
England, and even in Cromwell s own regiment.
So sturdy was their republicanism that many of
them could see no difference between Charles I.
reigning without a Parliament and Oliver Crom
well governing without a Legislature. The Pro
tector distrusted them, and procured a letter from
the celebrated London Baptist minister, William
Kiffin, which others signed, exhorting their brethren
in Ireland to submission. (Hanserd Knollvs So
ciety s Confessions of Faith, p. 3 2.) Cromwell
was so concerned about the opposition of some
members of this now powerful body that lie had
spies to watch their movements and report their
supposed conspiracies. Thurloe gives the letter of
one of these spies describing the proceedings of a
Baptist Association in England, and mentioning its
prayers, letters, sermons, and speakersjust as the pro
ceedings of such a body might be described to-day.
Generals Harrison, Lillmrn. Overtoil, and Ludlow.
and others in the army: Admiral-General Richard
Peane, of both the army and the navy. Admiral
Sir John Lawson, and a large number of other dis
tinguished officers of the navy, reflected a glory
upon themselves and their Baptist brethren which
created fear or joy throughout their island home.
It was said that alarm lest the Baptists should seize
the government after Cromwell s death actually led
the Presbyterians to unite with the Episcopalians
in bringing from Holland to the English throne
Charles II., the greatest profligate that ever dis
honored the family relation. In the reiirn of
Charles, and his brother James, the most wicked
persecutions were applied to Dissenters, and while
the English Presbyterians from them and from

BAPTISTS

subsequent heresy were annihilated, the Baptists
received blows the effects of which they feel in
England to-day.

They are now divided into General and Partic
ular Baptists, the Conner being the smaller body.
The word "General" was put in their name to de
scribe their doctrine oC the atonement; they hold
Armiiiian views of it and of all the doctrines of
"race; the word " Particular" was originally as
sumed to show that this section of the English
Baptists held a limited atonement, and Calvinistical
views of the doctrines of grace. These British
Baptists have been enterprising, and have had
many distinguished men, but they have been sadly
hindered by persecutions and by the social tyranny
of a powerful and intolerant state church. There
are in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland
2020 Baptist churches, with a membership of
269,836.

linger Williams, a Welshman by birth, an Epis
copalian by training, a Congregationalist by choice,
and a graduate of the University of Cambridge.
England, came to New England in 1631. Two or
three years afterwards lie was appointed assistant
minister to the Congregational church of Salem,
Mass. While there he denied the right of the
magistrates to punish offenses of a purely religious
character, and "in one year s time he tilled the
place with principles of rigid separation (from the
Church of England) and tending to Anabaptism."
For these " high crimes and misdemeanors" he was
finally ordered to leave the colony ; and failing to
render obedience to the lordly Puritans of that day,
and learning that he was about to be sent home by
force, he fled in the depth of winter to the Narra-
gansett Indians, and established the city of Provi
dence in 1636, and the first Baptist church in
America in that city in 1639. The community
which gathered around him adopted from him the
old Baptist doctrine of absolute freedom of con
science, and incorporated it in their laws ; and
when Joshua Verm, a little time after the settle
ment of Providence, restrained his wife from at
tending some religious meetings, he was disfran
chised as a punishment for his offense.

The church founded by Mr. Williams is still in
existence, and it is regarded with veneration as the
first Baptist church in the New World. It wor
ships in a noble building erected one hundred and
five years ago.

In Massachusetts cruel persecutions were innictet
on Baptists and Quakers for a long period. In
Virginia the hand of legal violence was frequently
raised with wicked force against our saintly fathers
but in Rhode Island, long under the control of tin
Baptists, whose governor at this time worships ii
a Baptist church, no man ever suffered any penalty
for his religious convictions.

Bancroft, the historian, says of linger Williams:
He was the first person in modern Christendom
o assert in its plenitude the doctrine of the liberty
f conscience, the equality of opinions before the
aw; and in its defense he was the harbinger of
Milton (a Baptist), the precursor and the super mr
f Jeremv Taylor. . . . Williams would permit
oersecution of no opinion, of no religion, leaving
leresy unharmed by law. and orthodoxy nnpro-
,ected bv the terrors of penal laws." A ol. i.. 3|.&gt;.
Freedom of conscience, unlimited freedom of
iiind. was from the first the trophy of the Baptists."
i., 67. This is justly said of Roger AVilliams. and
t is all true except the statement that he was u the
irs t person in modern Christendom" to assert this
doctrine. Leonard Busher, an English Baptist,
iblished in London in 1614 "Religious Peace." in
which Williams s doctrine is repeatedly asserted.
This was more than twenty years before Mr. AN il-
liams broached it, and Busher had many predeces
sors in announcing his inspired principles. This
little work is in the Ilanserd Knollys volume of
Traits on Liberty of Conscience," London. 1846.
The blessed truth Mr. Williams unfolded on this
continent his Baptist brethren everywhere preached,
and they have given it sovereign sway in all this
land.

The Baptists of this country hold that the Word
of God is the only authority in religion, that its
teachings are to be sacredly observed, and that to
religious doctrines and observances there can be no
additions except from it ; they hold that a man
should repent and be saved through faith in the
meritorious Redeemer before he is baptized ; that
immersion alone is Scripture baptism : that only
by it can the candidate represent his death to the
world, burial with Christ, and resurrection to new
ness of life; that baptism is a prerequisite to the
Lord s Supper ; they hold the doctrines of the
Trinity, of eternal and personal election, total de
pravity, regeneration by the Holy Spirit, justifica
tion by the imputed righteousness of Christ, pro
gressive sanctification, final perseverance a special
providence, immediate and eternal glory for the
righteous after death, and instant and unending-
misery for the ungodly. They hold the doctrinal
articles of the Presbyterian Church, and they only
differ from that honored Calvinistical community
in the mode and subjects of baptism, and in their
congregational church government. They hold
that all regenerated believers are saved, whether
they are immersed or sprinkled, or lack both cere
monies ; and they insist on the immersion of be
lievers because Christ was immersed, and because
he enjoins immersion upon all believers.

In this country we have 38 colleges and theolog
ical seminaries, and many superior academies. We
have in North America 63 religious periodicals.

BAPTISTS

The Baptist motto ever has been, "Let there be
light, secular, sacred, and redeeming, till it covers
the earth and bathes humanity in its shining
waves !

In the United States we have 24.794 churches,
M.40I ministers, and 2.200.000 members, which,
with adherents, young and old, give us more than
5,000,000 of persons who hold our principles. In
the various provinces of Canada, and in the British
West India Islands, there are 849 churches, with
89.93S members. Baptist missions in Germany,
France, Sweden, and other sections of Europe, and
in Asia and Africa, will be noticed under the
names of the countries in which they are located.
In the world there are 29,4(11) Baptist churches,
with a membership of 2,063.172, which, with other
adherents in Sunday-schools and congregations,
would probably give us between 7,000.000 and
8,000.0110 of Baptists. This does not include de
nominations in the United States that hold be
liever s immersion, which are not Regular Baptists,
sucli as the Old-School Baptists, Winehrennarians
or Church of fJod. Seventh-Day Baptists, Six-Prin
ciple Baptists, Tunkers, Disciples, Adventists. and
Free-Will Baptists. These communities have 0951
churches and ()lf,.")41 members.

The origin and growth of the denomination in
each of the United States will be found in sketches
under the names of the States in this work.

The Baptists have a firm confidence in the truth,
and in the ultimate triumph of their principles:
and while they will not sacrifice a jot of inspired
teaching to gain the good will of the whole Chris
tian family, they love all true believers of every
name, from Pascal, the Catholic, to Joseph .John
(jlurney, the Friend.

See the following articles: THE BAPTISM or
CATKCIII-MEM, TIIK AI.I;H;EXSES, THE HENUICIAXS.
THE PKTHOURI-SZAXS, THE WAEDKNSES, THE A.NA-
BAPTISTS.

Baptists, Primitive, or Old School. The
Primitive Baptists are often called "Old School,
or Anti-Mission," or "Anti-Effort," and, in deri
sion, "hardshell" Baptists. They usually, if not
invariably, adopt the Philadelphia Confession of
Faith, founded upon that approved by over a hun
dred leading men in London, in 10S9. They do not
materially differ from the Regular Baptists as to
Scripture doctrine, agreeing with them as to the
necessity of regeneration, the mode and subjects
of baptism, baptism preceding the Supper, and con
gregational church government. Some style them
selves " Predestinarians," and are charged with
pushing the "doctrines of grace," called " Calvin-
istic," into "hyper-Calvinism," or fatnlism, deny
ing any responsibility in man for his own conduct
or condition. Baptists generally dwell upon the
lessons given by John, the Forerunner, the adorable

Redeemer, and his apostles and disciples, as to the
necessity of seeking repentance and forgiveness ;
for how can immortal beings believe in Him of
whom they have not heard ? and how can they hear
without a preacher? and how can preachers go
forth unless others aid them? They urge "that it
pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save
them who believe." But many of the Old-School
brethren, while they comfort saints, do not feel it
a duty to warn sinners, and few conversions occur
under their ministrations. They allege that God
carries on his own work, " without the least instru
mentality whatever," and that "all the preaching
from John the Baptist until now, if made to bear on
one unregenerate sinner, could no more quicken his
poor dead soul than so much chattering of a crane
or of a swallow." ( Circular of Wane irk Axwiatton,
JXJfO, copied hi/ Chemung soon afti i-md-ds.} And it
would not but for God s accompanying Spirit.

I d is system is not entirely new. but has prevailed
at times elsewhere. It is claimed that if humbles the
pride of man ; but it is charged, also, that it pampers
ease, lulls to sleep, and shrivels benevolence. The
decline of some Baptist churches in Great Britain
is attributed by many to this contracted view of
man s duty and privilege.

The Great Awakening under Edwards, White-
field, and Wesley, over a century since, aroused
many in the Baptist and other denominations to
the fact of each person s own accountability as a
laborer in the Lord s great harvest-field, leaving to
him the issues, in grace as in nature. William
Carey s entrance upon his mission work in India
was a result of this reformation.

In America the same divergence of views am on"-

Baptists resulted in alienations and divisions, while
opposing parties yet remained in the same body.

At length, in September, 18. J5. the Chemung As
sociation (New York and Pennsylvania), at a meet
ing with Sullivan church, Charleston, Tioga Co.,
Pa., passed the following:

"Whereas, a number of the Associations with
whom we have held correspondence have departed
from the simplicity of the doctrine and practice of
the gospel of Christ, and have followed cunningly
devised fables (the inventions of men), uniting them
selves with the world in what are falsely called be
nevolent societies, founded upon a moneyed basis,
with a profession to spread the gospel, which is
another gospel differing from the gospel of Christ.
Resolved, therefore, that we discontinue our corre
spondence with the Philadelphia, Abington, Bridge-
water, Franklin, Steuben, Madison, and all other
Associations which are supporting the popular in
stitutions of the day ; and most affectionately invite
all those churches, or members of churches, among
them who cannot fellowship them to come out from
among them and leave them."

BAKKJIOXK

In May following (IS. iG) the Baltimore Associa
tion met at Black Rock, Baltimore Co., Md., and
passed the same in substance. It is generally known
us " the Black Rock declaration/

The minority members of these bodies at once
founded others on the platform of aiding mission
ary, temperance, Sunday-school, and such other
organizations as they deemed in harmony with
Bible teachings.

Similar divisions ran through other churches and
Associations, mostly in the South and West. In
1S44 the Kui&gt;ti*t Almanac attempted to distinguish
between the Regular or .Mission Baptists and those
who opposed missionary work in formal organiza
tions for that purpose. The record of 1S44 reported
1S4 Old-School Associations, 16J churches, 900
ordained ministers, 2874 baptized in the year pre
ceding, and 61,162 members. The Year Buok h?
1SSO returns 900 Old-School churches, 400 ordained
ministers, and 40,000 members, a loss of one-third
in thirty-six years. The Old-School brethren have
declined in numbers almost every year since they
made the division. They have some periodicals.
but no seminaries of learning and no national or
ganizations.

Many of the Old-School brethren in the ministry
possess decided ability as expounders of Scripture,
the members of their churches are commonly per
sons of deep piety, and of extensive Biblical
knowledge. The creed which they generally hold
is the Confession most venerated by all the Regular
Baptists of America, from whom they originally
withdrew, and with whom they decline to hold any
ecclesiastical relations.

Barebone, Rev. Praise-God, had the misfor
tune to bear a singular name, which subjected him
to considerable ridicule in his own age, when absurd
names were very common, and to a great deal more
in every generation since. In 1640 he became pas
tor of a Baptist church in London which separated
from the community over which the Rev. Henry
Jessey presided. Like many ministers ot that day.
he was compelled to support himself either wholly
or partly by a worldly calling. Mr. Barebone sold
leather, lie was a man of intellect, widely known
and esteemed by the friends of liberty throughout
England.

When Oliver Cromwell summoned men to form
a Parliament he called upon .Mr. Barebone to take
a seat in the legislature. This fact showed that
he was a well-known patriot, whose zeal against
despotism in the state and tyrannical ritualism in
the church had reached the great Protector him
self. In the Parliament his ability was speedily
recognized, and he exerted such a controlling in
fluence over its decisions that it was called " Bare-
bone s Parliament.- When General Monk was in
London, in 1660, preparing the way for Charles

7S HARKKOXK

II., Mr. Barebone, at the head of a "crowd of sec
taries " (a multitude of Congregationalists and
Baptists), says Clarendon, presented a petition to
Parliament demanding, among other things, " that
no person whatsoever might be admitted to the
exercise of any ollice in the state, or in the church,
no, not so much as to teach a school, who did not
first take the oath of abjuration of the king, and
of all his family ; and that lie would never submit
to the government of any one single person what
soever ; and that whosoever should presume so
much as to propose, or mention the restoration ot
the king in Parliament, or any other place, should
be adjudged guilty of. and condemned for high
treason. The man to head the petitioners was
this Baptist minister, lie was not afraid to defy
Monk, the betrayer of his country s liberties, and
his whole army, ready as it was and at hand to
execute their general s wishes. And this petition
shows that Mr. Barebone was a republican of our
Thomas Jefferson s order. Clarendon, speaking
of a part of Cromwell s Parliament of 165:5, of
which Mr. Barebone was a member, says, "In
which number, that there may be a better judg
ment made of the rest, it will not be amiss to
name one. from whom that Parliament itself was
afterwards denominated. Praise-Cod Barebone, a
leather-seller in Fleet Street, from whom, he being
an eminent speaker in it, it was afterwards called
Praise-God Barebone s Parliament. * Xeal says
of the members of the same Parliament, " It was
much wondered at, says Whitlocke. that these gen
tlemen, many of whom were persons of fortune
and estate, should accept the supreme authority of
the nation upon such a summons and from such
hands (Cromwell s). Most of them were men of
pietv, but no great politicians, and were therefore
in contempt sometimes called the Little Parliament,
and by others Barebone s Parliament, from a
leather-seller of that name, who was one of the
moxt actice members. ! Rapin says. " Amongst
these members was one Barebone, a leather-seller,
who. in his neighborhood, passed for a notable
speaker because he used to entertain them with
long harangues upon the times. From this man
the"people in derision called them Barebone s Par
liament. "% A foot-note in Rapin says, "His name
was Praise-God Barebone. from whom, lie belli;/ a
great speaker in it, the Parliament was called as
above." These witnesses all show that our worthy
brother was really the master-spirit of the legisla
ture that bore his name. And whatever it may
have lacked in the technicalities of legislation, it
wanted nothing of the spirit of freedom. It passed

* Clarendon s " History of the Rebellion," iii. 482, 714. Oxford,

1700.

f Xeal s "History of the Puritans," iv. 55, 07. Dublin, 1 ,00.
I Raniif s " History of England," ii. 590. London, 17:53.

BA KKER

BARLOW

a law, according to Neal, to repeal enactments that
hindered the progress of the gospel, and to give
liberty to all that feared God to worship him
without molestation. Mr. Barebone undoubtedly
gave effective assistance in the passage of this law.

Mr. Barebone was unquestionably a godly and
a great man ; and he wielded such a powerful in
fluence that when he presented the petition to the
Parliament, to which reference has been made,
Walter Wilson* states that Monk, who knew the
popularity of Barehone, was obliged to make a
general muster of the army, and write a letter to
the Parliament, expostulating with them for giving
too much countenance to that furious zealot and his
adherents/

The names of Mr. Barebone had a tendency to
make him ridiculous. Hut he triumphed over these
and other disadvantages.

Barker, Rev. Cyrus, was born at Portsmouth.
R. I., March 27. 1S07. He pursued his studies at
the Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution.
and was ordained in Xewport, II. I., September.
1839, having previously received an appointment
as a missionary to the foreign field. He sailed
from Hoston, Oct. 22. IS. J J. After his arrival in
Calcutta he went to Jaipur, one of the principal
posts of the East India Company in Assam, re
maining then; a little over a year. and. Mav IS.
1S41, going to Sibsager, another flourishing post
of the Kast India Company, three days journey
below .Jaipur, lie labored for several years in
this city. He was subsequently stationed at Gow-
ahati. While here his health failed, and he left
the foreign field hoping to gain new strength for
his work. He died at sea. and was buried in the
Mozambique Channel. Jan. ol, ]Sf&gt;0.

Barker, Prof. Isaac Bowen, was born in Han
son, Mass.. Xov. 25. 1S3&lt;). He was lifted for college
at the. Middleborough Academy, then under the
charge of Prof. J. W. P. Jenks. now of Hrown
University, where his pupil graduated with the
highest honors of his class in 1S01. Shortlv after
his graduation he received the appointment of
Assistant Professor of Ethics and English Literature
at the I!. S. Xaval Academy, then at Xewport. but
since removed to Annapolis. Md. Prof. Barker
resigned his office on the transfer of the institution
to Maryland, and went abroad for two years.
When he came back, for one year he filled the" chair
of Rhetoric and English Literature in Hrown Uni
versity, which had been made vacant by the death
of the lamented Prof. Dunn. On completing his
term of service he was called to the University of
East Tennessee, at Knoxville. Here, for five years.
he performed the duties of his office. In Septem

* Wilson s "History and Antiquities of Dissenting Churches,"
i. 47, 49. London, IMJ*.

ber, 1874, he was appointed instructor in the Ger
man language in Harvard College. For six months
only was he aide to attend to his duties. An attack
of pneumonia so prostrated him that in a few
days he was forced to yield to the disease, and died
March 22. 1875. in the prime of his life and use
fulness. Prof. Barker was a consistent member
of a Baptist church, a ripe scholar, whose untimely
death brought sorrow to many hearts.

Barlow, Rev. F. N., late pastor of the Baptist
church at Stockton. Cal., was born at Kent, Conn.

KKV. F. X. BARLOW.

His mother died when he was four years old. At
sixteen he began the world for himself. worked
hard, and studied until he was able to teach. He
began the study of law in Western Xew York, but
was turned from that profession to educational and
pastoral work, in which his wife, Miss Harriet T.
llealey. of Connecticut, has been a true helper. In
1S4 .I he began preaching in Fairfield Co., Conn. ;
was ordained in 1850 ; organized a church in Dan-
bury in 1851, and was its pastor four years. His
other pastorates were at Franklindale, Cold Spring,
and Cornwall, Saratoga Co., and Middletown, N. Y. ;
Alpina. Mich., where he organized a church, and
built a meeting-house ; Monroe, Mich. ; and Chat
ham, Canada. In 1S77 he went to California; was
pastor eight months at Santa Clara, and at Stockton
from Jan. 1, 1878. till prostrated by illness, beloved
by all, he was compelled to resign, intending to
return to his Eastern home. In all his pastorates
he has been blessed with gracious revivals. He is
a finished scholar, a spirited and eloquent preacher,

R All LOW

RAKXKTT

and a model pastor. In 1SI&gt;2 ho joined the Union
jinny us lieutenant of the 115th Regiment, N. V.
Vols. ; was taken prisoner, released, and returned
to the service, till broken health compelled him to
resign. His church received him joyfully as its
pastor. A sickness in early youth impaired his
constitution, so that twice during his ministry he
had to &lt;rive up preaching lor a time. Ho is one oi
the few men in the Baptist ministry of the Pacific
coast whose counsel and business character give
him a place of pre-eminence among his brethren.

Barlow, Rev. Joseph Lorenzo, was born at

Keiu, Litchfield Co., Conn., Oct. 27, ISIS ; ordained
in 1853 at Seymour. Conn., where he was settled
as pastor of the Baptist church one year. Ho sub
sequently held pastorates at Sandisfield, Mass.;
(iroon field Center, Stillwater, Broadalbin. and Lan-
sin^burn-, X. Y. ; llidgotown. Conn.-, Dundee and
Bloomingdale, 111. ; and he is now the pastor of the
church in Mcnomonee, Wis. Mr. Barlow baptized
about 400 converts in connection with these pasto
rates. His labors have boon extensively sought
by pastors in seasons of special religious interest.
During the war he was the chaplain of the ]25th
llegiment of N. Y. A ols. lie was captured by the
Confederates at Harper s Ferry, in 1862, when two
weeks out, and resigned his commission the follow
ing February, owing to broken health, lie is still,
at the age of sixty-two years, in active service and
doing an excellent work for the church to which he
ministers.

Barnaby, Rev. James, was born at Freetown.
Mass., June 25, 1787. He was a student at Bristol
Academy, Tjiunton, Mass., during his preparatory
course, and graduated at Brown University in the
class of 1S09. He intended to study law, but the
Master whom he served for so many years had
other work for him to do. While a member of
college he had made a public profession of his faith
in Christ, and was received into the First Baptist
church in Providence. He soon after decided to
enter the Christian ministry, and was ordained in
July, 1811, and at once accepted a call to the pas
torate of the Baptist church in Harwick, Mass.
lie continued in this relation for eight years, when
he took charge of the church in New Bedford,
Mass. For four years he was the pastor of this
church, and in 1823 removed to Amesbury, Mass.
Having completed his term of service here, he was
pastor of several churches until 1849, when he ac
cepted an appointment from the Baptist Sunday -
School Union, for which society he labored three
years. He became pastor again of the first church
he had served, that of Harwick, in 1852, and re
mained seven years. Having a third time resigned,
lie had the charge of two or three churches for that
period of time, and in 1862 came back once more
to his old church in Ilarwick, and there he re

mained the rest of his life, fifteen years. For
sixty-seven years he was a minister of the gospel,
thirtv-nine of which were spent with the Ilarwick
elum-h. Twenty-eight hundred persons received
the ordinance of baptism at his hands. lie was a
man of remarkable physical endurance. It was a
remark of his which we know not by whom it
could truthfully be uttered except by himself, that
(1 he did not fail to preach the gospel on a Sunday
for more than forty years. He died at Ilarwick,
Dei-. 10, J877, aged ninety years and nearly six
months.

Barnes, Rev. Daniel H., was born in Canaan,
Columbia Co., X. Y., April 25. 1785. lie gradu
ated from Union College in ISO 1 .), lie studied lie-
brew under one of the most eminent teachers of
that sacred tongue. In 1S11 he united with the
Baptist church of Poughkeopsie. and in 1SJ3 he
received a license to preach. In ISl J he accepted
the Professorship of Languages" in a theological
seminary in New York, which was subsequently
transferred to Hamilton. After this change he
opened an English and classical school in Jscw
York, and in 1827 he was elected president of
Columbian College. AVashington, D. C., but he de
clined the appointment. Mr. Barnes preached fre
quently and acceptably : but he was a teacher, and
an instructor of noble pupils; among them were
Francis AVayland, William II. Williams, Bishop
Potter, of Pennsylvania, and other great men. lie
rendered service in the preparation of Webster s
Dictionary, and his contributions to Silliman s
Jouriuil showed that he was a learned student of
ireoloiricjil science. He died October 27. 1828.

Barnes, Rev. James Edward, was born near
Carrsville. Ky.. June It), 1828. Was converted and
baptized in 1847. In 1851 he was elected to a public
office, and while in the line of political promotion, in
1SGO, he removed to California. His zeal and rejidy
address led many to urge him to enter the ministry.
On arriving at the gold mines he established an
1 altar of prayer, and his cabin was often filled with
attentive listeners. Here he heard the call, " Go
work in my vineyard," and obeyed, preaching first
at Gold Hill, in 1865, on Sundays, and digging for
gold during the week. In two years he had gath
ered large congregations, where churches were sub
sequently organized. He was ordained by the
! Uniontown church, Feb. 8. 1867. In 1872 he spent
a year at Greenville, S. C., in studying theology.
His native eloquence and zeal have enabled him to
win many souls for Christ. He has been pjistor of
11 churches, has baptized about 700 converts, and
is now engaged in evangelistic labors with different
churches in Ciilifornia.

Barnett, Rev. Joseph, a zealous and efficient
pioneer both in Virginia and Kentucky, was prob
ably a native of Virginia. He was active in form-

BARXETT

BARE ASS

ing the churches of which the Ketoiton Associa
tion, Va., was composed. He was among the early
settlers of the Western wilderness, and in connec
tion with John Whitaker and John Gerrard founded
the first two churches in Kentucky, Severns Val
ley, constituted June 18, 1781, and Cedar Creek,
constituted July 4, 1781. Of the latter Mr. Bar-
nett was the first pastor. He was also the first
moderator of Salem Association, constituted of
four churches, at Cox s Creek, Nelson Co., Ky.,
Oct. 29, 1785.

Barnett, Rev. William Paddox, was born in
Jefferson Co., Ky.. in 1803. In early life he be
came a member of the Cumbei-land Presbyterian
church, but afterwards united with the Baptist
church at Fisherville, Ky., and was ordained to the
ministry, lie was pastor of several churches at
different periods, but his principal pastorate was
that of King s church, in Bullitt Co., Ky., to which
he ministered witli great success for a period of
forty-three years. In 1850 he was elected moderator
of Long Run Association, and on two occasions
preached the introductory sermon before that body.
Died Sept. 18, 1876.

Barney, Eliam E., educator and manufacturer,
was born in Adams, Jefferson Co., N. Y., Oct. 14,
1807. Both parents were earnest Christians. Their
son w r as converted and baptized at Henderson,
N. Y., at the age of eleven. Having received his
academic education at Lowville and Union Acad
emies, he entered Union College, N. Y., and grad
uated in 1831. For two years after his graduation
he was principal of Lowville Academy. In 1833
he removed to Ohio, and taught for six months in
Granville College. In the spring of 1834 he be
came principal of the Dayton Academy, Dayton,
0.. and continued teaching for several years. His
health failing, he engaged in business. In 1845 he
was called to take charge of the Cooper Female
Academy of Dayton, in which position he remained
with great success until 1851. In the summer of
1850, with a partner, he established the Dayton
Car-Works. After various changes in the firm, a
joint-stock company was formed in 1867, under
the name of the Barney & Smith Manufacturing
Company, with a capital stock of $750,000, Mr.
Barney being elected president. This establish
ment is now the largest of its kind in this country.
The buildings occupy eighteen acres, and about
one thousand men are employed in them. The
great success of the enterprise is largely due to
Mr. Barney.

Mr. Barney has never been an aspirant for pub
lic office. He is president of the Dayton Hydraulic
Company, and of the Second National Bank.

As a Christian, Mr. Barney has always taken a
firm and prominent stand. He was instrumental
in rescuing the First Baptist church of Dayton

from extinction when, in 1835, the majority of its
members followed the pastor into the Disciple or
Campbellite body, and the courts gave the seceders
the church property. For several years he was the

ELIAM E. BARNEY.

superintendent of the Sunday-school, and has been
a deacon since 1843. He has also been largely in
terested in the various educational and missionary
enterprises of the denomination. For many years
he has been a trustee of Denison University, and
has given to that institution more than $35,000.

Barnhurst, Rev. Washington, was born in
Philadelphia, Dec. 30, 1830. He was converted at
the Broad Street church, and baptized by J. Lansing
Burrows, D.D.. March 8, 1846. He entered the
junior class of Lewisburg University, and gradu
ated in 1851. He pursued his theological studies
at the Rochester Seminary. He was an excellent
exegetical scholar. He was ordained at Chestnut
Hill, Pa., Sept. 8, 1853. He was greatly blessed
with revivals in 1853-54. He w^as called to Bur
lington, N. J., and there he baptized many. In
1856 he took charge of the Third Baptist church
of St. Louis. In 1858 he had a glorious revival.
His health failed from overwork for years, and in
1860 he removed to a farm in Miller Co., Mo. On
April 29, 1862, he called his wife and sister, and
told them he was dying, spoke of Jesus, and,
waving his hand, said, "Higher, higher!" and
passed into glory. His was a brief, earnest, and
blessed ministry. He was a blameless Christian
man.

Barrass, Edward, was bom at Nailstone,

BARliASS

BAKUKTT

County of Leicester, England, Oct. 7, I7 ( .*0; emi
grated to this country in ISiiO; was licensed to
preach by the Flemington Baptist church. March
, 51. IN:!:!; died at Montana. Warren Co.. Sept. li.
ISli .l, after a brief illness. He served the churches
of Delaware, Oxford, and .Mansfield, in Warren
Co.. X. ).. and afterwards two churches in Penn
sylvania, with which he labored until he was called
from his earthly toils. In all these churches his
work and worth are held in grateful remembrance.

BarraSS, Rev. Thomas, was born in Leicester
shire. Kngland. -July 22, 179:!. lie was baptized
and united with the Baptist Church in his native
land in the year lNl~: came to this country in
1S2S. and united with the .Baptist church in Rem
ington ; was licensed to preach by that church -Jan.
10. isild. and ordained at Fleming-ton, April 14,
\^ . ,\. lie itinerated in the upper part of Hunter-
don, and through a considerable part of Warren
County, as a missionary ; was instrumental in
gathering a constituency for the f .Mowing churches :
Oxford. Delaware. Bethlehem, and Mansfield. He
served as pastor at Oxford, Bethlehem, and King-
wood, all of which churches were strengthened and
enlarged, and bear uniform testimony to his earn
est, faithful, and devoted labors. He died Sept.
27. iSii .l. eleven days after his In-other Edward.

Barratt, Rev. J,, of Xorth Topeka. Kaunas, is a
faithful and successful minister, and a successful

REV. .1. liAKKATT,

than a score -of mechanics and farmers, it has in
creased till it numbers over 2no. The church
edifice has cost them about Si 2. 000. and they have
paid for it themselves as they proceeded. The
house arose as the church and congregation and Sab
bath-school grew. They have ( missions within
a radius of some fifteen miles, which are all likely
to become self-sustaining and ellicient churches.
The whole community is permeated with Baptist
sentiment. A church so occupied with Christian
work is of course eminently peaceful, as well as
aggressive. lie did not seek an inviting field, but
iiiti&lt;le one. Being an excellent organi/.er. his ser
vices have been sought repeatedly for a wider sphere.
But his people will not let him go.

Barre, W. L., author and editor, was born in
Warren Co., Ky., July IS, IS. jo. He was educated
at Franklin College, Tennessee. In early life he
became a Baptist, and was licensed as a preacher.
although he seldom occupied the pulpit, preferring
literary work to pastoral labors. He has been con
nected, as principal or associate editor, with the
Louisville Joiu inil, Louisville Courier. Cincinnati
Times, &lt; iit -i a mil i (in-.! Hi-, Xaxltrille l ni"ii nn&lt;l
J)isi&gt;ut&lt;-li, the Men, /&gt;/!/* Dull;/ Disftiili-li, and the
N/. Joscfili (Mo.) Duili/ Commercial. In Is.") 7 he
removed to Cincinnati, where he remained nearly
three years, and during this period wrote and pub
lished " Lives of Illustrious Men of America. : a
book of 1 000 octavo paircs, which passed tlirouuh
11 editions. He wrote (in lS.")f &gt;) the "Life and
Public Services of Millard Fillmore." and edited
the "Speeches and Writings of lion. Thomas I 1 .

bank director and merchant. The church of North
Topeka which he gathered, and of which he is pas
tor, is a model church. Composed at first of less

Marshall." which passed through ten editions.
During the civil war he was army correspondent
of the .AVjt; York Times and other leading journals.
After the war he was engaged on various news
papers in several different States until 1S7:!. when
lie became editor of the Green lUrcr I /t/i/di/raj/li.

Barrell, Rev. Noah, was born in Hartford,
Washington Co., X. V., May f&gt;. 17U4: died at
Geneva, Wis.. April It), 1S7"&gt;, aged eighty-one
years. During an active ministry of fifty-three
years he served as pastor 15 churches in Xew
York, Ohio. Wisconsin, and bapti/ed about 1200
converts. lie was a man of good natural endow
ments. of most winning and gentle spirit. lie
excelled in his work as pastor. His end was
great peace.

Barrett, Hon. James M,, a native of Mason.

X. II. He spent his early years in Livingston Co..
X. Y., and was educated at Nunda Academy,
X. Y. He came to Wisconsin twenty-four years ago,
and settled at Trempeleau. Trempeleau Co.. where
he now resides. He has filled many positions of
public trust. Among them he has been a member
of the Legislature, president of the County Agri
cultural Society, president of the Board of Educa-

ttARRKTT

HARROW*

tion for twenty-three years. lie is an active
member of the Baptist church, and has been super
intendent of its Sunday-school over twenty years.
He is a member of the Board of State Missions, in
whose work he takes a deep interest.

Barrett, Rev. T. W., was born in 18. )"), in Wood
Co.. West Va. United with the Baptist church at
Marietta, 0., in 185(&gt;; moved to Missouri the same
year; was educated at William Jewell College;
ordained Oct. 28, 1SC&gt;(), and entered immediately
upon his work as missionary of Xorth Liberty As
sociation ; in ISl il became pastor of the church at
Weston ; in 1802 was called to the care of the
Tabernacle Baptist church at Leavenworth, Kansas ;
in 1864 became pastor of the First Baptist church,
St. Joseph, Mo. : failing health compelled him to
resign after a fifteen months pastorate, and for a
year he had no charge; in iStiii lie was financial
agent of the Sunday-school Board of the Southern
Baptist Convention for Xorth Missouri; was general
missionary and agent for the (jeneral Association for
a part of 1SG6 and iSfiT; was recalled to Weston
in 1S( )7. where through his efforts a beautiful and
substantial church edifice was erected and dedi
cated free of debt: in IMJU was called to Hannibal,
where an elegant house of worship was built and
paid for during his pastorate, and large accessions
made to the church ; in IsT- l he took charge of the
church at Jefferson City, where he still labors; he
lias removed a heavv debt from the church, and he
is building up a strong and vigorous hod v of be
lievers: in 1S72 he received the degree of A.M.
from William Jewell College, and for a number of
years has been an active member of the Executive
Board of the General Association, and also of the
State Sunday-school (. (invention. He is a laborious
and successful worker in the Master s vineyard.

Barrett, Rev. W. C., was born in Wood Co., W.
Va., July 8, 1810; united with Mount /ion Baptist
church 1835; ordained Aug. 10. 1845; called to
Mount /ion, Mount Vernon, and Stillwell churches ;
was missionary of the General Association of Vir
ginia seven vears ; organized and built up manv
churches in the counties of Wood, Wirt. Jackson,
anl Pleasant: was moderator of the Parkersburg
A&gt;snciation in 1*54 and 185."); moved to Missouri
in I8.)l : settled in Clay Countv : appointed airenf
and missionary of the General Association in the
same year; organi/.ed and built up most of the
churches in Clinton County ; built houses of wor
ship at Crooked River, Ilaynesville. Plattsburg,
and Lawson ; was eleven years pastor at Crooked
River, seven at Plattsburg, two at Richmond,
Ray Co.. two at Liberty, (Mav Co., three at Cam
eron and Missouri City, besides several country
churches: was seven years moderator of Xorth
Liberty Association. Has been one of the most
laborious and successful of all the old ministers

who have laid the foundations upon which the
younger generation are now building.

Barren, Rev. James, an aged and decrepit, but
zealous and useful minister of Bowdon. Ga.. was
born in Washington County, Dec. 25, 1801. He
connected himself with the church at Antioch,
Upson Co., April o. 181 T, and soon began to
preach. He settled in Carroll County in 1842,
and was ordained at Carrollton church in 1850.
For the next twelve years of his life he labored as
a missionary of the Domestic Board of the South
ern Baptist Convention, in Western Georgia and
Eastern Alabama, and then, for the five succeeding
years, lie was an associational missionary. Since
that time rheumatism has laid its hands heavily

j upon him. disabling him from all active work, and
he has simply preached wherever an opportunity
has been afforded. His controlling desire is to win
souls to Jesus, and to accomplish this he is instant
in season and out of season. His has been a life
of faithful service in the face of many disadvan
tages and discouragements.

BarrOW, Rev. David, was an eminent pioneer
preacher among the Baptists of Virginia and Ken-
tuekv. and a man of great ability, both as a preacher
and a writer. He was born in Brunswick Co.,
Va.. Oct. Dd. 175o: was baptized in his seventeenth
year, and in his eighteenth began to preach the
gospel. In 1774 he was ordained, and became
pastor of Mill Swamp, Black Creek, and South
Ouav churches, in Virginia. lie also traveled and
preached in Virginia and \orth Carolina, in con
sequence of which lie suffered much persecution.
In 177* he was sei/.ed at one of his meetings by a
^aiiLi of twentv men. dragged a half-mile, and forci
bly dipped under water twice, with many jeers and
mockeries. "A short time afterwards three or
four of these men died in a distracted manner, one
of them willing he had been in hell before he
joined the mob." Mr. Barrow was a soldier in
the war of independence. In 17 . S he removed

1 to Montgomery Co., Kv., and took charge of the
church at Mount Sterling. Here he became a x.eal-

] ous advocate for the abolition of African slavery.
This led to a division of his church, a majority
adhering to their pastor. In |S(&gt;7an association
of emancipators was formed in Kentucky, ol which
Mr. Barrow became the principal leader. He pub
lished a book against shivery, which was regarded
as a very able work. He also published a treatise
in defense of the Trinitv, which was much esteemed.
lie died Xov. 14, ]8l&lt;).

Barrows, Rev. Comfort Edwin, son of Com
fort and Mela (Blake) Barrows, was born in Attle-
borough, Mass., Dec. 11, 18: &gt;1. and was a graduate
of Brown University in the class of 1858, and of
the Xewton Theological Institution in the class
of 1801. He was ordained Dec. 25, 1801. as pastor

JLl/tXS

BAT KM AX

of tin- Baptist church in South Panvers (now IVa-
body). Mass.. where he remained tlirco years ami
three months, ami then accepted a call to the pas
torate of the First Baptist church in Newport.
\vith which he began his ministerial labors March
I 2, lX &gt;f). which position he now (1880) holds.
Among his published writings arc a memorial
sermon commemorating the life and services of
the Rev. Krastus "NVilhird, for twenty-one years
missionary in France; an historical discourse upon
"The Itevelopmcnt of Baptist Principles in Rhode
Island." preached 31 ay 1 2. I s~5. the semi-centennial
anniversary of the .Rhode Island Baptist State
Convention. This discourse -was first published
by the Conv iition, and subsequently, with slight
additions, it was issued by the American Baptist
Publication Society as one of its series of short
historical and denominational works. Mr. Bar
rows published also a discourse delivered on
Thanksgiving-day, Xov. )&lt;&gt;. 187 . on the history
of the First Baptist church in Newport. R. I., and
a discourse commemorative of Benjamin B. How-
land, for fifty years clerk of the town and city of
Newport. He has also contributed articles for re
views and papers. Mr. Barrows is one of the
ablest men in the Baptist denomination. His his
torical works should be read by his brethren every
where. Hi is a manly Baptist who courageoiisly
asserts the truth, and always presents it in a loving
spirit.

Barss, John W., was born in IS 1 2. at Liverpool,
Nova Scotia; converted and baptized at Wolfville,
July, 1833; commenced business at Halifax. IS;&gt;(&gt;;
and returned to Wolfville in 1850. Mr. Barss is
a successful ship-owner and a liberal supporter of
the denominational enterprises. He contributed
S2IIOH to build the North church, Halifax, and
84000 towards the erection of the Baptist church
at Wolfville. He donated 9 acres of land to that
town for a public cemetery, and has contributed
SI 1.000 to Acadia College.
Batchelder, Rev. William, was born in Boston.

March 25, 1768. Early in life he gave promise of
what he afterwards became, a man of rare intel
lectual ability. He lost both his parents in the
thirteenth year of his age. His early religious
experience was quite remarkable. After he thought
he had passed through " the great change," his
mind became tinctured with infidel sentiments.
But lie was led by the Spirit of God to see his
error, and at length he became u Christian, and
was baptized at Peerfield. N. II., in June. 1792.
Being impressed with his duty to preach the gos
pel, after due preparation he was ordained as pastor
of the Baptist church in Berwick, Me., Nov. 29,
1796. His labors were singularly blessed. In a
revival which continued for two years 150 persons
were hopefully converted. He baptized in the ad

joining town of York 70 persons, also fruits of the
same work of grace. Jn November, 1S05, he re
ceived an invitation to become the pastor of the
First Baptist church in Haverhill, and was pub
licly recognized December 4. His ministry, con
nected with which there were most abundant fruits,
continued nearly thirteen years. He died Anril 8

ft, I

IS IS. in the fifty-first year of his age and the
twenty-seventh of his ministry.

All the traditions which have come down to us
with regard to the character and the ministerial life
of Mr. Batchelder show that he was one of the ablest
men intellectually, and one of the best preachers
of the times in which he lived. lie took a warm
interest in the cause of education as ad ectini:: his
own denomination, and was one of the prime movers
in the enterprise which led to the founding of the
Maine Literary and Theological Seminary, after
wards Waterville College, now Colby I niversity.
Brown University, in 1SOU. conferred on him the
honorary degree of Master of Arts.

Bateman, Rev. Calvin A., was bom at f; rove-
land, N. Y., April IS. |s:;; J &gt;: j s ,,f Scotch descent;

KEV. CALVIN A. BATEMAN.

grandson of Deacon Zadoc Bateman, a soldier of
distinction in the war for American independence;
son of Kev. Calvin Bateman. an eminent Bap
tist minister, who, while preaching in New York,
had his skull fractured by a stone hurled by
a drunken man through the church window, re
sulting in insanity until his death. His mother,
daughter of Ilev. Benjamin Barber, was a lovely
Christian, and prominent in her zeal for foreign
missions; her eldest son was dedicated to the work

BA 777X

BATES

in Burmah. but died just as ho was nearly ready
for liis mission. His death and the father s in
sanity left the family largely dependent upon
young Calvin, then only ten years old. At the
age of fifteen he was converted and baptized by
Rev. Edgar Smith at Milan. Soon after the family
moved to Mount Vernon. Mich., where young Bate-
man was urged by his brethren to preach. lie re
belled, feeling unfit for the work, until 1859, when
he yielded to his convictions, begun to preach, was
licensed in 1800 by the Iowa .Point church, and in
1X03 was ordained at Atchison, Kansas. His life has
been given largely to pioneer mission work in Mis
souri, Kansas. Nebraska. Dakota, Colorado, Chero
kee Xation, Nevada, and California. He has aided
in organizing over 0(1 new churches, conducted
hundreds of revivals, baptized over 11)111) converts,
and witnessed the baptism of other hundreds con
verted under his labors. For three years he was
U. S. superintendent of the Indians of Nevada.
In 1875 he settled permanently in California as
general State missionary. In this field he has trav
eled 25,000 miles, preached more than K&gt;00 sermons,
and bapti/ed nearly 400 converts. His son. Rev.
Cephus Bateman, entered the ministry in 1878, and
is a successful pastor at Santa Cruz, Cal.

Bates, Rev. John, was born in Biigbrook,
Northamptonshire, England, Jan. 20, 1805. He
was baptized Dec. 25. 1821), and became a member
of the Eagle Street church, where Rev. Joseph
Irving labored. Encouraged by his pastor and
brethren, he turned his thoughts towards the Chris
tian ministry, intending to go out as a missionary
among the colored people of the West Indies. This
purpose was not put into execution. He decided
to enter the service of the Baptist Irish Society, in
order to work among the Roman Catholics of Ire
land, and accepted an appointment from that body
in January, 18. !- ). While in Ireland he labored at
Ballina and Sligo, and in other localities, and
again took up his abode in Ballina, where he con
tinued for nine years, during which time he bap
tized GO persons, the fruits of missionary toil.
The next five years were devoted to similar work
in other places in Ireland, making the whole
period of his service in the employ of the Baptist
Irish Society seventeen years.

Mr. Bates came to America in the spring of 1850,
and established himself in Cascade, Iowa, becoming
the pastor of the Baptist church. In the State of
Iowa he came to be recognized as a power, and his
counsels in the Association and Convention were
carefully weighed. He went to Canada in 1804.
and became pastor of the church in Dundas. In
April, 1807, he took charge of the church in Wood
stock, and identified himself with the interests of
the Canadian Literary Institute. While living
here he consecrated two of his daughters, Mrs. A.

V. Timpany and Mrs. John McLaurin. to the for
eign mission work.

The labors of Mr. Bates Avere so onerous that he
felt obliged to resign his pastorate at the end of
June. lS7o. He has received into the fellowship
of the church during his six years ministry in
Woodstock by baptism and letter 21 1 persons. For
nearly a year he remained without a regular pas
toral charge. He died May 8, 1875.

A memoir of Mr. Bates, with selections from his
sermons, essays, and addresses, compiled by Key.
Dr. J. A. Smith, of Chicago, a large volume of
nearly 500 pages, was published in Toronto in
1^77. Mr. Bates was a man of great power and
of ardent piety.

Bates, Samuel P., LL.D., was born in Mendon,
Muss., and educated at Brown I liiversity. grad
uating in 1851. lie was baptized into the fellow
ship of the First church, in Providence. R. I., by
the Rev. James M. Grander in 184 . . In 1852 he
transferred his membership to the Meadville Bap
tist church, where it still remains. Although never
licensed, he has occasionally delivered discourses
from the pulpit as a supply, and this labor of love
has been Avell received by his brethren.

As an author he has acquired not only a local,
but even a national reputation of a liiu h order.
Various works have been issued, and they have
received the popular favor. Several editions of his
"Lectures on Mental and Moral Culture!" have
been published by Messrs. A. S. Barnes & Co., of
New A ork. This work forms one of the volumes
of their Teachers Library. The same house pub
lished, in 1801, a small volume entitled " Methods
of Conducting Teachers Institutes." and this also
met with equal success. "The History of the Bat
tle of Gettysburg" has received the hearty indorse
ment of the English press, as also of prominent
Union and Confederate generals, and French and
English military critics. In 1800, Governor Curtin,
of Pennsylvania, appointed him State historian,
in which service he was engaged seven years, pro
ducing five large volumes, thus preserving the
annuls of the military organizations which were
gathered from the State in its conflict with the Re
bellion. This monument cost the State nearly half
a million of dollars, and was worthily expended.
" The Lives of the Governors of Pennsylvania"
is another work on which he was employed after
the completion of the State History. The "Mar
tial Deeds of Pennsylvania is still another large
octavo volume, illustrated with numerous portraits
of officers and others who were brought to the front
during the war.

In 1857. Mr. Bates was elected superintendent
of public schools in Crawford Co., Pa. At the ex
piration of his first term of three years he WMS
again honored by re-election, but resigned to accept

HA rif

BATTLE

the still wider work of deputy State superinten
dent, and this position he held for six years.

In 18(&gt;2 he was employed hy the State as agent
to visit and report upon tin. 1 condition of the col
leges of Pennsylvania. These reports were pub-
lished from time to time in the .l&lt;&gt;nni((Ix. Other
duties have crowded out the desire to issue them
in hook-form.

In 186") th(&gt; degree of LL.T). was conferred upon
him.

In 1ST" he made a tour through Scotland, Eng
land, France. Italy, Switzerland, and the cities of
the Rhine. This visit laid the foundations for four
lectures, which have heen favorably received wher
ever delivered.

Bath, Rev. Levi, was Lorn in Unadilla, X. Y. :
died at Columbus, Wis., March 4, 1876. aged fifty-
seven years. He was educated at Poultney, Vt., and
at l. n ion College, New York, lie held pastorates in
Grass Lake, Danville, and other places in Michigan.
In ]8f &gt;] he cam* 1 to Columbus. AVis., and became
pastor of the Baptist church there. Owing to ill
heath he was obliged to retire from the active work
of the ministry. During the latter part of his life
he filled a number of town and county office s, and
was highly esteemed by a large circle of personal
friends.

Battle, Rev. Archibald J., D.D., president of
Mercer University, Macon. Ga., was born at Pow-

KF.\*. ARCHIBALD J. BATTLE. I).T).

elton, Hancock Co., Ga.. Sept. 10, 1820. When ten
years of age he moved to Alabama with his father.
Dr. Cnllen Battle, where he was baptized in 1839,
and where he graduated at the University of Ala

bama in J84b , under the administration of Dr.
Basil Manly, Sr. In 1847 he was appointed tutor
of Ancient Languages in the University of Ala
bama, lie entered on a professorship in East Ala
bama Female College in the year 1852, and the
following year he was ordained to the ministry by
the Tuskegee Baptist church, continuing still to
occupy his chair in the Female College. In 1855
he assumed the pastorate of the Tuscaloosa Baptist
church ; subsequently he became Professor of Greek
in the University of Alabama, president of the
Alabama Central Female College, and president of
the -Judson Female Institute at Marion. Ala., which
position he retained until 1872, when he accepted
the presidency of Mercer University, at Macon. Ga.
Dr. Battle grew up amid the best social and re
ligious influences, and he comes from one of the
first families of Georgia. lie is a highly cultivated
Christian gentleman, of refined manners, and su
perior social qualities, and with a character that
commands universal esteem. His pastorates have
been signally blessed bv revivals, which brought
large and valuable accessions to the church. One
of the results of a revival in the Tuscaloosa church,
when he was its pastor, was the establishment of
the Alabama Central Female College, an institution
of learning which reflects the highest honor upon
its founders, the first conception of which is due to
Dr. Battle. lie is acukivated and polished preacher,
and a favorite with all denominations, owing to his
excellent spirit and sound evangelical views. While
his sermons, which are usually written, are models
of composition, they are elevated in thought,
earnest in spirit, and chaste in expression. Had
his life been devoted to the pastorate, he would
have attained a success rarely granted to ministers;
for while his preaching is pointed, clear, evangelical
in doctrine, and practical in teaching, his pervasive
piety, affectionate and sympathetic nature and re
fined delicacy, indicate the existence in him of the
highest and best attributes of a pastor. He is a
scholar worthy to stand at the head of a noble in
stitution of learning; and he possesses adminis
trative ability which fits him admirably for the
position. To great courtesy of manner he unites
firmness of purpose, excellence of judgment, and
aptness for teaching and governing young men.
In person he is six feet high. In ]SG ( ,j. during the
interim between the call of Dr. Warren and the
retirement of Dr. Skinner, he was invited to the
pastorate of the Macon .church, and filled the posi
tion most acceptably and successfully. The degree
of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by
three institutions. by Howard College, Ala., and
Columbian College, Washington City, in 1872, and
by the University of Georgia in 1873. He is the
author of a work on the human Avill. which has
elicited distinguished commendation, as manifest-

BATTLE

BATTLK

ing. in a high decree, the attributes (if an acute
metaphysician : while, as a belles-lettres scholar,
he lias long been recognized as ranking among the
foremost.

Battle, Cullen, M.D. Dr. Battle was born
in North Carolina in 17 So. where lie spent, his
earlv manhood in the successful practice of his
profession. In ISIS he removed to I owelton,
(Ja.. where lie retired from the practice of medi-
eine to attend to his increasing planting inter
ests. The cause of education, and every public
interest, found in him an ardent advocate and a
liberal benefactor. lie was baptized in 1S:&gt;7 bv
Dr. Jesse Mercer, between whom and Dr. Battle
there subsisted a warm and lifelong friendship. In
HoG lie removed to Eufaula, Ala. Here In 1 was
prominent in civilizing and Christianizing the new
country, and in every public work, and fostered
the Baptist Church with a wise and tender care.
In Tuskegee. where he resided several years, he
rendered signal service to the church, to education,
and to every good cause. Always a man of active
mind, positive character, unfaltering energy, sound
piety, and broad intelligence, he exercised &lt;j;reat
influence among his brethren and in society &lt;j;en-
erally. The hospitality of his home was famous.
Of great wealth and liberality, his contributions to
secular and religious enterprises were many and
munificent. Mercer University, of which his son,
I &gt;r. A. ). Battle, is now president, received from
him tin; largest sum for its endowment ever be
stowed on it by any man, save from its founder,
I&gt;r. Meivcr. He also was a lar^e contributor to
Howard College and the East Alabama Female
College. He always exhibited an active y.eal for
the welfare of the ne^ro race. l&gt;r. Battle was the
father of A. .]. Battle. D.D.. Gen. ( . A. Battle.
of the Confederate army, and of Mrs. M.-J. Shorter,
wife of (Joy. Shorter: and was himself descended
from a highly honorable Christian ancestry, lie
died in Kulanla, Ala., in 1S7S.

Battle, Elisha. The ancestor of the large and
influential family of Battles in North Carolina.
Tennessee!. Alabama, and Georgia, was born in
Nansemond Co.. Va., Jan. .). 1723. In 174S he
removed to Tar Uiver. Edgecombe Co., X. C. ;
joined the Baptist church, known as Falls of Tar
Kiver. in 17G4. of which he was a deacon for
twenty-eight years. lie was often moderator of
the Kelmkee Association; was a member of the
General Assembly for twenty years ; a member of
the convention which formed the State constitu
tion : and was chairman of the convention when
the Federal Constitution and Bill of Rights were
considered in a committee of the whole. He died
in 17W), and Revs. Gilbert and Burkitt attended his
funeral services, both preaching.

Battle, Rev. Henry W., the gifted young pastor

at Columbus, Miss., belongs to a distinguished
family in the South, being a son of Maj.-Gen.
Cullen A. Battle, and a nephew of A. J. Battle,
D.D., president of Mercer University. He was
born in Tuskegee, Ala., in 1S."&gt;5, and admitted to
the practice of law at the age of nineteen : but
abandoning the most flattering worldly prospects,
he entered the Southern Baptist Theological Sem
inary at Louisville. Ky.. where lie remained some
time, and then accepted the pastorate of the First
Baptist church at Columbus, Miss., where the suc
cess of his labors gives promise of great future
usefulness.

Battle, Reuben T., was born Sept. 10, 17S4,

and died Dec. 6. IS4 l .l. in the sixty-fifth year of his
age. For thirty years he was a deacon, and a
prominent, useful, and benevolent man ; his whole
character illustrated the truths of Christianity,
the beauty of true pietv. and the loveliness of char
ity. His large wealth enabled him. by his bene
factions, to aid greatly the cause of religion and
to promote that of education, lie was a most use
ful and enlightened citi/.en. a kind and self-sacri
ficing father and husband, and a staunch supporter
of the interests of his denomination.

His ancestors were Baptists, who fled from Eng
land before our Revolution to avoid persecution,
and his father, as well as the men of his mother s
family, took an active part in the Revolutionary
war. His father and mother were Jesse Battle
and Susanna Fawcette, who resided in North Caro
lina when Reuben T. Battle was born. Two years
after that event they moved to Georgia and settled
in Hancock County, where Reuben UTCW up. in
heriting the homestead. In January. ISO."), he
married Bethiah Alexander, bv whom he had three
daughters, afterwards Mrs. Jud^e K. A. Nisbet,
Mrs. C. M. Irwin. and Mrs. W. J. Ilarley.

lie was converted at an early age ; was baptized
by Jesse Mercer, and united with the Powelton
church, of which he remained an active and influ
ential member until his death, co-operating heartily
with Dr. Jesse Mercer, John A Ca/.v, Gov. Rahm,
Judge Thomas Stock, and Thomas Cooper, all men
of great piety ,nd religious zeal. To Reuben T.
Battle was Powelton mostly indebted for its excel
lent schools, both male and female, which rendered
the village famous as a seat of learning. His piety
was of a high order, and both the church and the
community felt its influence. His hospitality was
unbounded, and his large means enabled him to
exercise it to the fullest extent. To the orphan
and widow, to the sick and sorrowing, he was most
attentive, and his relations to bis numerous ser
vants were paternal, about whose temporal and
spiritual interests he was always solicitous. lie
filled the office of deacon well, having labored in
it for thirty years, in conjunction with John Veazy,

n A r.

BAYLOR

at whoso funeral he was taken ill, and he survived
six days only. Co-laborers in the Lord s vineyard,
they often together visited the sick and the afllicted,
often mingled their prayers and tears, and often
took sweet counsel together about the honor of
God and the Li ood of man. Tsel iil in life, mourned
at death, their memory is vet fragrant in the church
they served faithfnllv for so lonu; a period.

Baumes, John R., D.D., was born at Carlisle.
X. V.. i&gt;&gt;v. L S, |v;:; : graduated with honor from
Madison Cni versitv in 1X,"&gt;7, ami shortly after began
legal studies in Xe\v York City. Being convinced,
however, of his dutv to preach, he gave up the la\v,
and in the spring of 1S")S returned to iramilton to
take a theological course. Immediately after com
pleting Iiis theological studies, in IS") 1 . , accepted
the call of the Baptist church at \\~ostfiehl. .Mass.,
where he was ordained and remained ten years.
In 1861, after a short period spent in the chaplaincy
of a Xew York regiment, became pastor of the
First church, Xew .London. Conn., where ho re
mained until ISl io. when the health of his wife
having become impaired, he removed to Springfield,
0., and assumed the charge of the First church of
that city. Here, in a few weeks, Mrs. Baumes
died. A second church being formed in Spring
field, Dr. Baumes became its pastor, and labored
with great success until Ix7l2.

In 1X72, Dr. Baumes became editor and proprie
tor of the Journal and Messenger, of Cincinnati, O.,
then in a declining state and embarrassed with
debt. In a few years he succeeded in extinguishing
this debt and in greatly extending the field and

influence of the paper. In 1X76 he sold his interest I

I
to Dr. G. \\ . Lasher, and. after a year or two of |

rest, began the publication of the Buplixt Review,
a quarterly which has already secured a paying
list of subscribers. Dr. Baumes resides near Cin
cinnati, O.

"Baxter Baptized in Blood." About 1f&gt;73

Baptists in England had everything to bear that
could pain the heart and make life wretched. In
that year, according to Ivimey, whose veracity and
information are worthy of all credit, a pamphlet
was issued bearing the heading at the top of this
article, and of which he gives the following sketch :
"This work, which we have perused, gives an
account of a barbarous murder committed by four
Anabaptists at Boston, Xew England, upon the
body of a godly minister named Josiah Baxter, for no
other reason than that he had worsted them in dis
putation, which was set forth with all the circum
stances and formalities of names, speeches, actions,
times, and place, to make it look the more authen
tic ; orderly and most, pathetically describing the
most execrable murder that ever was known, vi/,.,
of first stripping and cruelly whipping, then dis
emboweling and flaying alive a sound and godly

minister in his own house, in the midst of the
bowlings, groans, and shriekings of his dear rela
tions lying bound before him. And the better to
create belief, this sad st&lt;&gt;ry is pretended to be pub
lished bv the mournful brother of the said mur
dered minister, named Benjamin Baxter, living in
Fenchnrch Street, London. This infamous libel
concludes in the following manner : 1 have penned
and published this narrative In perpetuam r&lt; i ni&lt;-
iiinridjn . that the world may see the spirit of these
men. and that it may stand as an eternal memorial
of tlti:ir criK Hi/ ni/d luilml to all orllnxln.r niini.f-
ters. Multitudes were thirsting for the blood of
our Baptist brethren at this time, and this pam
phlet, written by some classical scholar, was the
very tiling to enraire the whole nation against
them ; and if had that for its object. Alter the
murder should have taken place some twenty days,
a vessel sailed from .Boston for London : and the
master of this ship and three other persons took
an affidavit before the Lord Mayor that they never
heard of Mr. Josiah Baxter, that there was no
such murder reported in America, and that they
believed the story to lie a very great falsehood. It
was a murderous fabrication. But so dangerous a
forgery was it that Mr. Killin. a man of great wis
dom, and of much influence with Lord Clarendon,
felt compelled to bring it before the King s Council :
and so fitted to shed innocent blood by mob vio
lence was it regarded that the Council, though
without any love for Baptists, issued an order
through the d&lt;tz&lt;&gt;ite, which, after describing the
storv, declared the whole matter to be altogether
false and fictitious. "

Bayliss, Rev. William H., was born near
Augusta, Ga., in 1X06 ; educated at the University
of Georgia, Athens : practiced law many years in
Georgia and Mississippi ; was converted at Iler-
nando, Miss., and immediately commenced preach
ing : was pastor of First Baptist church, Xash-
ville, Tenn.. the churches at Marshall and Waco,
Texas, the church at Shroveport. La., and Coliseum
Place church. Xew Orleans: in all served twelve
churches. He was president of the Bible Board,
Southern Baptist Convention at Nashville, and also
of Louisiana Baptist Convention. lie was a man
of noble presence, and possessed oratorical gifts of
the highest order. His labors in Mississippi, Ten
nessee. Louisiana, and Texas were productive of
threat good in bringing souls to Christ.

Baylor Female College, Independence. Wash
ington Co., Texas. Until 1806 this institution con
stituted " The Female Department of Baylor L T ni-
versity." It is located about three-fourths of a mile
from it. It has educated a large number of the
most prominent women of Texas, and sustains the
reputation of a first-class female college. Its build
ings, apparatus, and library are superior. For

BAYLOR

BAYNHAM

nineteen years Horace Clark, LL.D., was its presi
dent. His successors liave been B. S. Fitzgerald
A.M., Rev. Henry L. Graves, A.M., Col. W. W
Fontaine, A.M., and Rev. William Royall, D.D
In 1878, Rev. J. II. Lutlier, D.D., was elected presi
dent. It sustains a relation to the Texas Baptis
State Convention similar to that of Baylor Uni
versity. It had 90 pupils for the year 1877-78.

Baylor, Hon. R. E. B., was horn in Bourbon
Co., Ky., May 10, 1791 ; studied law in Kentucky

HOX. R. E. B. BAYLOR.

was deeply impressed by the preaching of Jere
miah Vardeman, whom he considered a pulpit orator
of the first grade. He removed to Alabama, and
practiced law at Cahaba and Tuscaloosa. Was a
member of the U. S. Congress from the Tuscaloosa
district for two terms. He was converted in Tal-
ladega County in 1839, and was licensed to preach.
Shortly afterwards he removed to Texas. Partici
pated in the struggles against Mexicans and In
dians in 1842-44. Served in the Texan Congress,
and for twenty-five years was a judge of the Cir
cuit Court, embracing Washington, Fayette, and
other leading counties of the State. For a short
time he was on the Supreme Court bench. Wherever
he held courts he there also preached, often decid
ing cases on the bench during the day and holding
a protracted meeting at night. He was a man of
commanding presence, fine oratorical powers, genial
disposition, and attractive manners. His religious
character aided him no little in his judicial career,
at a time and among a people accustomed to vio
lence, lawlessness, and misrule. He thoroughly
identified himself with the people of God wherever
7

he went. He served as moderator of the Union
Association, president of the State Convention, and
president of the board of trustees of Baylor Uni
versity at different times. Baylor University was
named after him. He and William M. Tryon drew
up and procured the enactment of its charter, and
he gave to the institution its first $1000 at a time
when money was exceedingly scarce in the young
republic. The last ten years of his life were spent
chiefly in attending religious meetings. He died
Dec. 30, 1873, and his remains are buried a short
distance in the rear of the first edifice erected for
the institution named after him. His memory is
precious among all classes of people in the State
of Texas.

Baylor University, Independence, Washington
Co., Texas, was chartered by the republic of Texas
in 1845. Its location is unsurpassed in Texas for
society, salubrity, and scenery. It has educated
in whole or in part over 3000 persons. Many of
the most prominent ministers of the gospel, law
yers, physicians, merchants, and planters in Texas
were trained in this institution. It had in 1878 a
corps of 6 instructors, 2 professorships, endowed
in part, 94 students, and a valuable library. The
society and officers libraries contain about 3000
volumes. The value of its grounds, buildings, etc.,
is estimated at $35,000. The amount proposed to
be raised for endowment is 200,000, and for other
buildings $25,000. Its presidents have been Rev.
Henry L. Graves, A.M., Rev. R. C. Burleson, D.I).,
Rev. George W. Baines, A.M. The present incum
bent, Rev. William Carey Crane, D.I)., LL.D., has
been president since July, 1863. The standard of
education is equal to that of the principal American
institutions, and a special course is promised for
young men studying for the gospel ministry. An
nual tuition is from $30 to $60. The average
age of students is higher than any other Texas
lege, being near nineteen years. The Texas
Baptist State Convention appoints five of its trus
tees annually, and receives its yearly report.

Baynham, Rev. William A., M.D., was born in
Essex Co., Va., Oct. 19, 1813. His father was Dr.
William Baynham, F.R.S.L., also a native of Vir
ginia. Young Baynham received a thorough early
training in several of the best schools in the neigh
borhood, and in 1828 entered the University of Vir
ginia, although under the age required by the
egulations of that institution, continuing three
years in the literary schools, and the remainder of
he time, up to 1834, attending lectures in the medi
al schools, and taking his degree in medicine in
hat year. In the fall of 1834 lie went to Phila-
lelphia, and attended medical lectures there until
83G. In 1834 he professed a hope in Christ, and
n 1835 became a member of the Episcopal Church ;
iut on a change of views respecting baptism and

BEALL

BECK

other doctrines, was baptized by the Rev. A. D. Gil
lette, D.D., into the fellowship of the Sansom Street
Baptist church, Philadelphia, in February, 1836. In
the same year he returned to Virginia, and united
with the Enon Baptist church, Essex County. lie
practiced medicine for one year only ; was then
ordained to the ministry, and in 1842 was invited
to the pastorate of the Knon church, which he ac
cepted, and which he has faithfully served to the
present time. In IS54. l&gt;r. Baynham also took
charge of the Upper Zion church. Carolina County,
where he still preaches, and in addition to which
he has supplied two other fields of labor. He occa
sionally contributes to the Ifelif/ious Herald; has
bern for some years a trustee of Richmond College,
and at different times connected with one or more
of the denominational boards.

Beall, Hon. R. L. T., was born in "Westmore
land Co.. Va., May 22. IS 1 ,). and after pursuing
his studies in the neighboring schools, entered
Dickinson College, Pa., where he remained about
a year and a half. He then pursued the study of
la\v at home for about eighteen months ; entered
the law school of the University of Virginia, \vhere
he graduated in 1S3S, and began the practice of his
profession in 1839. Although averse to politics,
being the only Democratic lawyer in the two coun
ties when he practiced law, he was obliged to
answer all Whig orators who chanced to speak in
that district. He was elected a member of Congress
in 1847, but declined a re-election. In 1850 he was
elected a delegate to the convention to reform the
State constitution of A irginia; and in 1859 was
elected to the Senate of the same State, in which he
served two sessions and then resigned. In 1801, on
the breaking out of the war, Mr. Beall joined, as a
private, a cavalry company, and was soon elected
first lieutenant. He received in 1S01 commissions
of captain and then major from the State: in 1862
commissions of lieutenant-colonel and colonel from
the Confederate States; and in 1865 that of briga
dier-general. He was a most efficient officer and
was wounded several times. At the close of the
war lie returned to his practice, and in 1878 was
nominated for Congress. Mr. Beall was baptized
by his eldest son. the Rev. Geo. W. Beall. into the
fellowship of the Machedoc church. Va., in 1873.
He is deeply interested in all denominational
movements, and takes an active part in the pro
ceedings of district and State Associations. He
holds the position of vice-president of the General
Association of Virginia, and also of the Historical
Society. Mr. Beall was a contributor to that ex
cellent magazine, the Southern Literary Messenger,
and has written occasionally for the press, both
secular and religious. He was united in marriage
to Miss Lucy M. Brown, of Westmoreland Co.,
Va., May 28/1840.

Beaver Dam. The seat of Wayland Academy,
on the Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad. 61 miles
northwest of Milwaukee, the commercial centre of
one of the richest portions of Wisconsin. To the
Baptists of Wisconsin the place is associated with
the early struggles of the denomination in found
ing and establishing its institution of learning,
Wayland Academy.

Beck, Rev. Andrew J., a trustee of Mercer
University, was born in Hancock Co., Ga., in 1850.
A regular graduate of Mercer University : soon

o .

j after graduation he edited an agricultural paper
j in Atlanta for some time, but feeling himself called
I to preach, he was ordained to the ministry. He
was prevailed upon, however, to accept the posi
tion of principal of the Perry High School, which
he held for several years, but declining health com
pelled him to abandon the school-room and engage
in the more active labors of a secular life until
sufficiently restored to perform pastoral labor.
After serving the Marietta church for some years,
he became connected with the editorial corps of
the (. /trixfitni Index: afterwards moving to Mii-
ledgeville. the old capital of the State, he took
charge of the Baptist church. a responsible posi
tion, the duties of which he still discharges. Mr.
Beck is a fine thinker, a good preacher and pastor.
and one of the rising ministers of Georgia.

Beck, Hon. Joseph Marcus, one of the judge-
of the Supreme Court of Iowa, was born in Clei-
mont Co., 0.. near the village of Bethel, April 21,
1S23. His family removed to Jefferson Co., Ind.,
in October, 1S34. He was educated at Hanover
College, Ind., read law in Madison, in the office
of Judge Miles C. Eggleston, and was admitted to
the bar in 1846. May 1, 1847, he became a resi
dent of Iowa, and soon after settled in Montrose.
In 1850 he removed to Fort Madison, of which he
is still a citizen. He was actively engaged in the
practice of the law until 1867. when he was elected
judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and has
been continued in the position by two subsequent
elections. He was chosen to the bench of the
Supreme Court from the bar. having previously
held no judicial or other public offices, except those
of mayor of Fort Madison and prosecuting attor
ney of Lee County. The parents and grandparents
of Judge Beck were Baptists. His mother s father,
Isaac Morris, was born in Wales, and was a Bap
tist minister of prominence in Harrison Co., \:\.
he was the father of Thomas Morris, a U. S. Sena
tor of Ohio. Judge Beck was baptized in 1842,
becoming a member of the church in Madison.
Ind., and he was the superintendent of its Sunday-
school while he was a law student. He was one
of the constituent members of the Fort Madison
church. He has been, for more than eleven years,
the superintendent of the Sunday-school connected

BECK

BEDDOME

with the Iowa State Penitentiary at Fort Madison,
and for twenty years he has been president of the
hoard of trustees of the Burlington Collegiate In
stitute.

Beck, Rev. Lev! G., was horn in Philadelphia,
Au;. 20, 1810; baptized into the fellowship of
the Fourth Baptist church of that city in Septem
ber. 1830; licensed to preach Aug. 5, 1833; or
dained in January, 1835; labored two years as a,
missionary in Montgomery Co., Pa., during which
the Mount Pleasant Baptist church was organized
and their meeting-house erected. In 1836 he be
came pastor of the church at Milestown, Pa. In
1839 he took charge of the church at Upper Free
hold, Monmouth Co., N. J. In February, 1844, he
settled as pastor of the First Baptist church in
Trenton, N. J.. and in 1849 he took charge of the
church in Flemington. X. J. In 1851 he removed
to Philadelphia and took the oversight of the North
Baptist church, and superintended the erection of
their church edifice. He removed to New Britain,
Bucks Co., Pa., and succeeded in remodeling and
enlarging their house of worship. In 1859 he was
called to the church in Pemberton, N. J., and he
had the pleasure of seeing their present commodi
ous house of worship erected and paid for. In
1804 he removed to Chester, Pa., the First church
then numbering but 28 members ; and in about
two years a handsome house of worship, 46 by 80
feet, was erected, paid for, and occupied by a good
congregation. In 1866 he became secretary of
the Pennsylvania Baptist General Association, and
held the office for fourteen years, to the great ad
vantage of the cause of Christ in Pennsylvania.
Mr. Beck succeeded in every place where he labored,
and he is one of the purest and most devoted men
known to the writer.

Beck, Rev. Thomas J., Sr., was born in Bun
combe Co., N. C., Dec. 2, 1805, of pious parents.
On reaching his majority he moved to Wilkes Co.,
Ga., where he was converted and baptized in 1833,
joining the Ilehoboth church. He was ordained at
New Providence church, in Warren County, in
1835, and, dui ing a ministerial career of twenty-
seven years, preached to various churches in War
ren, McDuffie, Columbia, Taliaferro, Greene, and
Wilkes Counties. At his death he had charge of
four churches. He died in Warren Co.. Ga., Sept.
2. 1862, at the age of fifty-six.

The chief features of his character were firmness,
boldness, humility, modesty, sincerity, and kind
ness. Utterly free from envy, he praised the worthy
deeds and superior talents of others. He was
honest in the scriptural sense of the term, and
there was nothing mean or selfish in his nature.
He was very successful in winning souls to Jesus
and in building up and strengthening the churches
he served, and, according to his talents and educa

tion, few have done more for the denomination in
Georgia than lie. He was a true Baptist, and in
hearty sympathy with the great principles and doc
trines which are peculiar to our denomination. He
was a diligent student of the Bible and a very
effective speaker, delivering what he had to say in
an earnest, hearty, straightforward manner. As a
pastor he had few superiors. Not many ministers
were more successful than he in building up
churches and in establishing and utilizing their
membership. He always left his churches in a
better condition than they were when he took
charge of them. lie was greatly beloved and es
teemed as a pastor, as a Christian, as a neighbor,
and as a man, and in every relation which he
sustained his life was a blessing. In his family
his Christian life shone most brightly, and his walk
with God appeared most intimate. lie looked care
fully after the salvation of his children, and before
his death had the pleasure of baptizing all but
one, who, then only ten years old. was afterwards
baptized at fourteen. In his life we have a striking
exemplification of the truth that in obedience to
and in close communion with God lie the true
secret of success and (usefulness in the service of
Christ. Mr. Beck always appeared before his peo
ple as if he had just come out from the presence
of God, and his hearers received his messages
fladly, and many of them were converted.

Beckwith, Mayhew, was a governor of Acadia
College, a member of the Nova Scotia House of
Assembly, the treasurer of the Baptist Home Mis
sionary Board, and a warm friend of the Baptist
denomination. He died at Cornwallis in 1871,
aged seventy-two years.

Beddome, Rev. Benjamin, was born at Hen
ley, England, Jan. 23, 1717. He was baptized in
London in 1739. He was educated at Bristol Col
lege and at the Independent College, Milend, Lon
don. He was ordained to the Baptist ministry at
Bourton-on-the-Water, Sept, 23, 1743. lie con
tinued pastor of this church till Sept. 3. 1797, when
he rested from his labors and entered the church
in glory.

Mr. Beddome was accustomed to prepare a hymn
to be sung every Lord s day after his morning ser
mon. These compositions were collected when he
j died and published in a volume, and since that
time they have been placed in most selections of
i hymns in the English language. For the last eight
j years of his life he gave away in charitable con
tributions the entire money he received as salary
for his services.

" In his preaching he laid Christ at the founda
tion of religion as the support of it ; he placed him
at the top of it as its glory ; and he made him
the centre of it, to unite all its parts, and to add
beauty and vigor to the whole." "His inventive

BEEBEE

BEECH

faculty was extraordinary, and threw an endless
variety into his public services. Nature, provi
dence, and grace had formed him for eminence in
the church of Christ." He was loved and honored
by the whole Baptist denomination in England and
America in his day. Rhode Island College, now
known as Brown University, gave him the honorary
degree of A.M. Three volumes of his sermons
were published after his death.

Beebee, Alexander M., D.D., son of Alexander
M. Beebee, LL.D., of the New York Baptist Regis
ter, was born in Utica, Feb. 6, 1820 ; graduated at
Madison University in 1847, and Hamilton Theo
logical Seminary in 1849 : pastor in Jordan, N. Y.,
1849-50: 1850, Professor of Logic and English
Literature in Madison University ; Lecturer on
Sacred Rhetoric, 1857-61 ; at present Professor of
Homiletics in Hamilton Theological Seminary, and
Professor of Logic in Madison University.

Beebee, Alexander M., LL.D., was born in
Newark, N. J., Sept. 29, 1783. lie graduated with

ALEXANDER M. BEEBEE, LL.D.

honor at Columbia College, N. Y., in the class of
1802. After leaving college Mr. Beebee studied
law with Ogden Hoffman, Sr., having Washington
Irving and James K. Paulding as fellow-students.
With Mr. Irving lie formed a friendship which only
death ended. He practiced law in New York till
1807, when ho transferred his business to Skan-
eateles. There he followed his profession for fif
teen years, and became a leading member of the
bar of Onondaga County.

While living in Skaneateles he lost his first child,
and his distressed heart found no rest till Jesus in

spired in it the hope of heaven. He joined a Baptist
church seven miles from his residence, the nearest
one to his house. Now the legal profession had
lost its attractions. In 1824 there was no Baptist
newspaper in the State of New York, and only
three or four in the United States. In 1825, Mr.
Beebee accepted the editorship of a very small sheet
called the Baptist Register, and soon the paper in
creased in size and in subscribers, and it became a
great blessing to the rapidly-growing Baptist de
nomination in Central New York. Mr. Beebee
conducted the Register until a short period before
his death, in November, 1856. " Mr. Beebee was
one of the noblest and gentlest of men, a burning
and a shining light in our Zion. lie belonged by
birth and social position to the aristocracy of intel
lect and wealth in the metropolis. He was a man of
broad intellect, generous culture," childlike faith,
and boundless charity, and of such loyalty to Christ
that he would sacrifice nothing which he taught fur
the gift of a globe or the smiles of all humanity.
In 1S52 Madison University conferred the degree
of LL.D. upon Mr. Beebee.

Beech, Rev. Henry Hudson. The subject of
this sketch is the pastor of the Baptist church in
Sheboygan Falls, Wis. He is a native of Eaton,
Madison Co., N. Y., where he was born in 1843.
He spent his childhood and youth in Eaton and
Hamilton, N. Y., and when older, on a farm, in
Augusta, Oneida Co., N. Y. Having decided the
question of his call to the work of the ministry, lie
began a course of study when yet under twenty
years of age with that end in view. He was grad
uated from Shurtleff College, 111., in the class of 1866,
and from Newton Theological Seminary, Newton
Centre, Mass., in the class of 1869. In January,
1870, he was ordained by the Market Street Baptist
church in Zanesville, 0., where he began the ac
tive work of his ministry as the stated supply of
that church. His first pastorate was with the Syca
more Street Baptist church (now Grand Avenue),
Milwaukee. Leaving Milwaukee, he had two pas
torates in Minnesota, at Owatonna and Lake City.
Returning in 1877 to Wisconsin, he settled as the
pastor of the Baptist church in Sheboygan Falls,
his present field of labor. During the war lie en
listed as a private in the 133d Regiment, Illinois
Volunteers, in which he served 100 days.

Mr. Beech is an earnest and faithful minister of
the gospel and a good pastor. His preaching is
pointed, vigorous, and searching. He abounds in
evangelical fervor and earnestness. He lias a
clear conception of the distinctive doctrines of the
church of which he is a minister. He has a hearty
style of writing and speaking that arrests attention
and wins favor. He is the popular and valuable
secretary of the Wisconsin Baptist State Conven
tion, in whose work he takes a deep interest.

BELCHER

BENEDICT

Belcher, Joseph, D.D., was born in Birming
ham, England. April 5, 1794. In IS 14 he put his
trust in Jesus as his Saviour, and in 1819 he was
ordained as pastor of the church at Somersharu.
He was pastor of several churches in England, and
he founded one. In 1S44 he crossed the Atlantic
nnd visited the United States. lie became pastor
that year of a Baptist church in Halifax. Nova
Scotia; three years later he took charge of the
Mount Tabor church, Philadelphia.

He edited the complete works of Andrew Fuller,
and was the author of the following: "The Re
ligious Denominations of the United States," Lives
of Carey, Whitefield. the Ilaldanes. and Robert
Raikes. and also of The Tri-Jubilee Sermon of
the Philadelphia Association."

" His store of facts, anecdotes, and illustrations
was inexhaustible, he. abounded in useful sugges
tions, his conversation was full of instruction and
wisdom."

His death was eminently peaceful. When a
dear one inquired, " Is Jesus precious to vou
now?" he replied with energy, " Yes, ten thousand
times more precious than ever."

Belden, Rev. Clarendon Dwight, A.M., son
of Deacon Stanton and Antoinette P. (Manchester)
Belden, was born in North Providence. R. I.. May
3. 1&gt;48; graduated at Brown University in IM I .I:
studied theology at Cimer Theological Seminary :
was ordained to the Baptist ministry in Philadel
phia ; now settled as pastor in Austin, Minn.,
where he has been greatly prospered.

Belden, Deacon Stanton, A.M., son of Martin

and Prudence (Shales) Belden, was born in Saudis-
field, Mass., Jan. 15, 1808; united with the Bap
tist church in Colebrook, Conn., under Rev. Rufus
Babcock. in 1822; graduated at Yale College in
1833; founded the Fruit Hill Classical Institute,
in North Providence, R. I., in 1835, and, with the
exception of four years, remained the honored and
successful principal till 1861, receiving students
from all parts of the world except Asia ; was or
dained deacon of the Fruit Hill Baptist church.

Bell, A. K, D.D., was born Dec. 9, 1815. in
Blair Co., Pa. He was renewed by divine grace
when he was seventeen years of age, and baptized
into the fellowship of the Logan s Valley Baptist
church. He graduated at Washington College.

c5 "

Pa., in 1842. He was ordained the same year in
Pittsburgh. His first pastorate was in Hollidays-
burg. and the second in Logan s Valley. In 1854
he accepted the office of treasurer and general
agent of the university at Lewisburg. In 1859
lie became pastor of the Sandusky Street church,
Alleghany City, one of the strongest churches in
the State. In 1865 he received the title of Doctor
of Divinity from Lewisburg. In 1870 failing health
compelled him to resign his pastorate. In 1871 he

visited Europe, and on his return spent several
years in Hollidaysburg, preaching, and part of the
time being pastor in Altoona. In 1878 he resumed
his old position as treasurer of the Pennsylvania
Baptist University.

Dr. Bell belongs to a family full of generous
impulses and deeds, and he bears the stamp of his
near kindred. He is an able preacher, a devout
Christian, a blameless man, and a successful pas
tor.

Benedict, David, D.D., the Baptist historian,
was born in Norwalk, Conn.. Oct. 10. 1779. His

DAVID BENEDICT, D.D.

love for historical reading and investigation de
veloped itself in early life. At twenty he made a
profession of his faith in Christ. Religion did for
him what it has done for so many thousands of
others, quickened his intellectual nature, and
made him aspire after something elevating. He
entered Brown University, where he graduated in
1806. Soon after he was ordained as pastor of the
Baptist church in Pawtucket, 11. I., where he re
mained twenty-five years. During all this time he
had been busy in gathering, from every part of the
country, the materials out of which to form a com
prehensive history of the Baptist denomination,
and had sent to press several volumes relating to
the subject of his investigations. After retiring
from his pastorate, he gave himself with great dili
gence to the work of completing the task he had
undertaken. He felt it to be his special vocation
to do this work, and he made everything bend to
its accomplishment. Among his published writings
are the following : " History of the Bap^sts," 1813 ;

BENEDICT

Abridgment of Robinson s History of Baptism, 1
1817; "Abridgment of History of the Baptists,"
1820; "History of all Religions," 1S24; " History
of the Baptists Continued." 184S : " Fifty Years
among the Baptists," 1800. He wrote also a his
tory of the Donatists, which was completed just
before he was ninety-five years of age. and which,
since his death, has been printed. All through his
life he was in the habit of writing much for the
public press. He took a leading part in the found
ing of various religious organizations in his de
nomination, in promoting the cause of education,
in the formation of new churches, etc. He carried
the habits of hard work, which he had formed in
the maturity of his years, down to the close of life.
Me was remarkably favored with good eyesight.
and his vision was unimpaired to the last. At the

had grown so large, that he went out with a colony
and founded a church in Norfolk Street. His la
bors were blessed with great prosperity, but in the
height of his power and usefulness, and in the
prime of life, he passed away, lamented by all who
knew him. lie was a natural orator, devoted to
his work, social in manner, fervid, zealous, and
persuasive. His place was always thronged, and
conversions and baptisms were continuous during
the seventeen years of his labor in the last-named
churches.

Benedict Institute, The, is located at Colum
bia. S. C. The house is 05 feet wide and the same
depth. It is two stories high : it has a wide ve
randa. It is located in a beautiful park of 80 acres,
full of tine trees : it has numerous out-buildings.
It is chietiy the generous gift of Deacon Benedict,

THE BENEDICT INST

time of his death he had been the senior member
of the board of trustees of Brown University for
sixteen years, and had been in the corporation for
fifty-six years. Dr. Benedict died at Pawtucket,
Dec. 5, 1874, having reached the great age of ninety-
five years one month and twenty-five days.

Benedict, Rev. George, a Baptist clergyman,
was born in Southeast, Dutchess Co., X. Y.. April
15, 1795, and died Oct. 28, 184S. His youthful
days were spent witli his parents in Danbury,
Conn. He united with the Baptist church in that
place in the twenty -second year of his age. He
was licensed to preach May 12, 1822, and in 1823
was settled and ordained as pastor of the church.
He served the church in Danbury eight years, when
he accepted the charge of the Stan ton Street Bap
tist church, of New York, a new interest of only
about 200 members. After ten years the church

I IT.. COI.I.MKIA. S. C.

of Rhode Island, ami his noble wife, for the Chris
tian education of colored ministers.

Benedict, Deacon Stephen, son of Thomas and
Zelota (Spnigue) Benedict, was born in Milton,
Saratoga Co.. N. Y.. Jan. 15, ISO! ; removed to Paw-
tucket. R. I., and became a manufacturer of cotton
goods ; fa- thirty-seven years a partner with Hon.
Joseph Wood ; afterwards conducted the business
alone : industi ious, careful, and successful ; united
early with the First Baptist church in PaAvtucket,
under his half-brother. Rev. David Benedict. D.D. ;
a deacon of the church about twenty-live years;
president of two banks; a man of superior judgment,
and highly esteemed; died Dec. 25. 1808, nearly
sixty-eight years of age : left in his will, among
other worthy legacies, 82000 to the American Bap
tist Home Mission Society, to which his devoted
and excellent widow has added, at different times,

BENJAMIN

BKXTLY

sums now amounting to about $30,000, with which
has been purchased, and largely sustained, the
widely-known Benedict Institute in Columbia. S. C.,
for the education of the freedmen ; and donations

DEACON* STEPHEN BENEDICT.

by this widow of about $1000 a year are still con
tinued. Really, the Benedict Institute is her work,
and should be counted in history as a monument to
her largeness of heart and her Christian benevo
lence.

Benjamin, Rev. Judson, was born in Rodman,
N. Y., Feb. 2, 1819. He graduated at Brown Uni
versity, in the class of 1846. lie took a partial course j
of study at the Newton Theological Institution :
was ordained at Providence, R. I., Oct. 13, 1S48. ,
Having received an appointment as a missionary, i
he sailed from Boston, Oct. 21, 1848, and arrived at
Tavoy, in Burmah, April 9, 1849. In March, 1850,
he removed to Mergui, where he devoted himself
specially to the work of the conversion of the Ta-
laings. Mergui was given up as a station in 1853,
and Mr. Benjamin was transferred to Maulmain.
He returned to his native country in 1854. and died
at Boston, Feb. 20, 1855.

Bennett, Rev. Alfred, was born in Mansfield,
Conn., Sept. 26, 1780. In his eighteenth year, in
a powerful revival of religion with which Mansfield
was blessed, he was drawn to Jesus by the Spirit
of God. He was baptized in February, 1800. and
united with the Baptist church in Hampton. In
February, 1803, he became a resident of Homer,
Courtland Co., N. Y. He was ordained pastor of
the little church of Homer. June 18, 1807. He
was visited with great revivals of religion, the result

of no imported human agency, but of the special
power of the divine Spirit upon the prayers and
labors of pastor and people. This required a larger
edifice in 1812; and in 1827 it rendered necessary
the sending forth of two colonies as churches, one
locating at Cortland and the other at McGrawville.
He rendered much service as a missionary in the
" Holland Purchase," and in Tioga, Steuben, and
Allegany Counties. He was one of the most in
defatigable and successful workers that ever toiled
for Jesus in the Empire State. There was no
benevolent or Christian cause that appealed to his
heart or purse in vain. In 1832 he resigned his
pastorate to accept an agency from the Executive
Board of Foreign Missions, to plead the cause of
the perishing heathen in the churches. To this
cause he devoted all his energies and the rest of
his days; and the Lord greatly blessed his public
and private appeals. lie died May 10, 1851. in pos
session of perfect peace.

Mr. Bennett \vas a man of great benevolence : be
bad superior mental powers; he was an effective
speaker; he was a holy man; the Crucified was
everything in his heart and in his ministry ; he
was the best-known minister in several counties,
and the love with which he was regarded was in
tense enough to hand down his memory with rever
ence to several succeeding generations.

Bentley, Rev. William, son of Thomas and
Abigail Bentley ; born in Newport, R. I., March
3, 1775; on the capture of the city by the British
in 1777 removed with his parents to Providence,
R. I. ; at the age of fourteen went to Boston ;
joined the First Baptist church, under Dr. Samuel
Stillman, June 5, 1791 ; transferred his member
ship to the Second Baptist church, under Dr.
Thomas Baldwin ; was induced to give himself to
the ministry ; commenced preaching in 1800 ; or
dained at Salem, Mass., Oct. 9, 1807; settled as
pastor of the Baptist church in Tiverton. R. I. ; in
1812 removed to Worcester, Mass., and became
pastor of a church which he had instrumental!}
established; in 1815 settled as pastor in Wethers-
field, Conn., and labored with great success for six-
years : afterwards labored with marked efficiency
and power as an itinerant and missionary in dif
ferent parts of Connecticut ; was distinguished for
tenderness, devotion, purity, boldness, energy, and
faithfulness; died Dec. 24, 1855, greatly beloved
and lamented.

Bently, Rev. Samuel N., was born in 1822. in
Stewiack, Nova Scotia, and joined the Baptist
church there when quite young. He studied at
Acadia College and at Newton Theological Semi
nary. He was ordained at Liverpool. Nova Scotia,
Nov. 23, 1851, and became pastor of North church,
Halifax, in 1856. He was secretary of the Baptist
Home Missionary Board. He died Nov. 28, 1859.

BERNARD

BETHKL

Bernard, James C. Mr. Bernard was born
in Logan Co., Ky., in 1807. He was converted
in 1833, and baptized by Key. Robert Anderson.
The next year he removed with his family to
Quincy, 111. At that time there was no Baptist
church in Quincy. In 1S."&gt;;"&gt; he removed to the
then new settlement of Payson, and united with
the little Baptist church which had recently been
organized there. He returned to Quincy in 1843,
and united with the First Baptist church in that
citv. Soon after that he was elected to the of
fice of county clerk for Adams County, and at the
expiration of his term was re-elected. He served
the First church for a number of years as deacon,
and also as superintendent of the Sabbath-school.
When the Vermont Street church was organized,
he with his family went into the new organization,
and his time, energy, and means were bestowed
without stint in sustaining that new interest. Here
also lie was chosen deacon and superintendent, in
both of which offices he continued to labor effici
ently until his removal to Chillicothe, Mo., in 1865.
In 1871 he returned to Quincy in failing health,
and at the prayer-meeting, just at the close of a
few remarks, lie was stricken with paralysis, and
fell into the arms of some of the brethren who
happened to be near him. lie lingered for two
years, a helpless invalid, before the release of death
came. For a number of years in succession he
had been either moderator or corresponding secre
tary of the Quincy Association, and was, until his
health so completely failed, active and useful in
various conspicuous positions.

Berry, Hon. Joel H., an eminent Baptist dea
con, who died at Baldwyn, Miss., in 1874, was born
in South Carolina in 1808 : served four years in the
Legislature of his native State ; removed to Tippah
Co., Miss., in 184. ! ; was four years in the Missis
sippi Legislature and eight years in the State Sen
ate. As a Christian he was abundant in every
good word and work, giving a consistent example
and active personal labors, and contributing largely
but unostentatiously of his ample means to the
cause of God.

Bethel College is located at Ilu&lt;scllvillc, Ky.,
on the Louisville and Memphis Railroad. 143 miles
southwest from Louisville. It was projected by
Bethel Baptist Association in 1849. The main
college buildingwas erected, and a high school was
opened in it, under the management of B. T. Blewett,
A.M.,. Tan. 3, 1854. In 1856 a new charter was se
cured, and the institution entered upon its career as
a college, under the presidency of Mr. Blewett, in the
fall of 1856. The institution was prosperous until
the breaking out of the civil war. In 1861-62 the
buildings were used for a hospital. In 1863 the
college was reopened under the presidency of Rev.
George Hunt. On the resignation of Mr. Hunt, in

1864, J. W. Rust, A.M., was elected president.
Under his management the institution continued to
gain strength, until he was compelled by impaired
health to resign, in February, 1868. He was suc
ceeded by Noah K. Davis, LL.D. In 1872 the

HON. JOEL H. BERRY.

president s house was built, at a cost of $7000. In
1873, Dr. Davis resigned to take the chair of Moral
Philosophy in the University of Virginia, and the
discipline of the college was committed to Prof.
Leslie Waggener. as chairman of the faculty. In
1876-77 the northern long hall was built, at a cost
of 820.000, " to furnish board to students at re
duced rates." In 1877, Prof. Leslie Waggener was
elected president, and is still in that office.

Since the war Bethel College has steadily pros
pered, and is now one of the most flourishing insti
tutions of learning in the West. The faculty
numbers 5 professors and 2 tutors, and the cata
logue of 1876-77 shows the attendance of 127 stu
dents. The college has an endowment in stocks,
bonds, and real estate estimated at $100,000, besides
the college ground and buildings.

Bethel Female College is located in Hopkins-

ville, Ky. It was erected under the auspices of
Bethel Baptist Association for the higher educa
tion of women, and was chartered in 1854. The
buildings cost about $30.000. Prof. J. W. Rust is
and has been for several years past the president
of this flourishing institution.

The average; number of students is about 100.
The management and discipline of the college are
excellent, and few schools in the country offer bet
ter facilities for the education of vounjj; ladies.

man

BIHLK

Bibb, Rev. Martin, was born in Amherst Co..
Va., Aug. 19, 1824, and in ISl O his father, with
his family, located at what is now Sewell Depot,
on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, in West,
Virginia, lie united with the church in his twen
tieth year, and very soon began to speak in prayer-
meetings and to superintend a Sunday-school ; was
licensed to preach in 1S49. Acted as colporteur
of the American Tract Society until lS."iJ, when
lie was ordained and took charge of churches.
lie was pastor of churches in Fayette, Nicholas,
and Kanawha Counties until 1861, when ho re
moved to Giles Co.. Va. In 18&gt;5 he returned to
his home and resumed his work with his churches,
but after a brief period moved to Monroe County,
remaining five years. He now resides in Ilinton.
on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and devotes
all his time to the Ilinton church. lie has acted

cognates had been rendered by words signifying
" immerse/ immersion," etc. The English trans
lation had been made the standard to which all
other translations should conform and not the in
spired originals, and tin; founders of the Union felt
compelled by consistency to demand that on the
principle of fidelity translations in all languages
should be conformed to the Hebrew and Greek
texts. Hence the constitution of the Union defines
its purpose thus: "To procure and circulate the
most faithful versions of the Sacred Scriptures in
all languages throughout the world. Under this
broad provision it selected ripe scholars from nine
different Christian denominations in Europe and
America, to whom it committed the revision of the
English Bible. This was the first organized at
tempt ever made to apply the accumulated fruits
of Biblical scholarship, since Idll. to a revision

Kh lllEL COLLEGE, RUSSELLVILLE, KV.

as clerk of Associations for about twenty years,
and has frequently written for the press. During
his ministry he has baptized about 1000 persons
and has preached a large number of sermons.
Many of his positions have required hard work
and self-denial, and he has had gracious evidences
of the divine blessing.

Bible Union, The American, was formed in
New York, June 10, 1850, by a number of indi
viduals, chiefly Baptists, who had co-operated with
the American and Foreign Bible Society, until it
decided that it was not its duty to revise the com
mon English Bible, nor to procure such a revision
from others ; and so would confine its circulation
in that tongue to that version. The Baptists of
America had withdrawn from the American Bible
Society because it refused aid to the Bengalee and
Burmese translations, made by Baptist mission
aries, in which the Greek term fiaTcrifu and its

of the English Bible for the benefit of the un
learned reader, and it met with the most deter
mined resistance. But in an unswerving adherence
to a divine principle the attempt was pushed, be
lieving that both ignorance and prejudice must
yield at last to the demands of true scholarship. No
expense was spared to secure the oldest translations
of the Bible, copies of the ancient manuscripts, and
other aids for making the revisions and translations
as perfect as possible. Nor were the scholars em
ployed restricted as to time and free conference.
The New Testament passed through three thorough
revisions, the first covering a period of eight years,
the second four, and the third more than two.

The following are the rules for the government
of the scholars employed by the Union in revising
the English New Testament, namely :

" The received Greek text, critically edited, with
known errors corrected, must be followed.

BICKEL

"The common English version must be the
basis of revision, and only such alterations must
be made as the exact meaning of the text and the
existing state of the language may require.

" The exact meaning of the inspired text, as
that text expressed it to those who understood the
original Scriptures at the time they were first writ
ten, must be given in corresponding words and
phrases, so far as they can be found in the English
language, with the least possible obscurity or in-
definiteness.

Under the operation of these rules not only the
English, but the Spanish and Italian New Testa
ments have been revised. And the same general
principles have been applied in revising the Eng
lish Old Testament, that is. the books of Genesis,
Exodus. Joshua. Ruth, 1 and 2 Samuel. 1 and 2
Kings. 1 and 2 Chronicles, Job, Psalms, Proverbs,
etc., and also in the new translations of the New
Testament into the Chinese character and the
Ningpo colloquial. In these forms the Union has
circulated over a million copies of the Scriptures,
and although at present its work has been largely
suspended for want of necessary funds, it has cre-
ated such a demand for a corrected English Bible
as now takes hold of the public mind, and cannot
be relaxed till this aim is accomplished in harmony
with the real wants of the age.

Bickel, Rev. Dr. P. W., was born in Weinheim,
grand duchy of Baden, Germany. Sept. 7, 182 J.
In his youth he received a thorough training in
the dead languages in the Bender Classical Insti
tute of his native place, where he studied for six
years. An enthusiastic? adherent of liberal politi
cal views, he became involved in the struggle .in
Baden in 1848. The revolution being overthrown.
Mr. Bickel left his native land and came to America,
spending the first years of his sojourn as a printer,
and engaging also to some extent in literary efforts
and teaching. At that time he was a confirmed
infidel. But it pleased God to give him the light
of heavenly truth. lie was converted and baptized
into the membership of the Baptist church of Wau-
kegaw, "Wis. Feeling impelled to preach the faith
which he had formerly attacked, Mr. Bickel repaired
to Rochester, N. Y., where he graduated from the
Rochester Theological Seminary in 1855. Even
while he was a theological student his ability as a
talented writer manifested itself. His first field of
labor was Cincinnati, 0., where, among a German
population of formalists and avowed skeptics, he
succeeded in gathering a warm, loving German
church. lie labored as German city missionary in
Cincinnati, 0., from 1855 to 1857; was ordained
pastor of the German church formed through his
labors in September, 1857, and continued his pas
torate with increasing success from 1857 to 1865.
During a large portion of his pastorate he was

editor of the monthly periodical of the Western
German Baptist Conference, and of a Sunday-school
paper, superintending at the same time the publi
cation work of that Conference. In 1805 the Ger
man Baptists in America uniting in a Triennial
Conference appointed Mr. Biekel secretary of the
newly-formed German Publication Society, and
editor of its weekly periodicals. This position he
filled ably, wielding a facile pen and showing great
practical talent in furthering the publication work.
As a recognition of his various and eminent ser
vices the degree of Doctor of Divinitv was conferred
upon him by Granville College. Ohio. In 1878,
Dr. Bickel was selected by the American Baptist
Publication Society, and by the Baptists in Ger
many, to establish and superintend a Baptist pub
lication work in Germany. Dr. Bickel is now
performing these duties in Hamburg, and editing
at the same time the new weekly Baptist paper
issued in Germany. The work is in a verv pros
perous condition. Dr. Bickel is an excellent writer,
a good poet, a man of high culture, gifted with
great practical talent, one of the most useful of the
German Baptist ministers, a man whose life ;md
work will prove a lasting blessing to German Bap
tists in Europe and America.

Biddle, Rev. William P., was born in Princess
Anne Co.. Va.. Jan. 8, 17*7. Mr. Biddle began to
preach early in life, and coming to North Carolina,
married, in February. 1810, Mary N., the daughter
of Gen. Samuel Simpson. lie was present at the
formation of the Baptist State Convention in 1SIU),
as was also his son, Col. II. S. Biddle, and was until
his death, which occurred in Newberne, Aug. 8,
1853, thoroughly identified with all the enterprises
of the denomination. Being a man of large wealth
he preached gratuitously, and thus, as he drew
near the close of his life, did a serious injury to
the churches to which he ministered. lie was emi
nent for a devout spirit, a godly walk, and a large
measure of usefulness in his day.

BiggS, Rev. David, was born in Camden Co.,
N. C., in 1763. lie commenced preaching when
thirty years of age. He removed to Virginia in
1792, and was pastor eighteen years of the Baptist
church at Portsmouth. In 1810 he removed to
Kentucky, and took charge of Georgetown, Bethle
hem, and Silas churches, in Bourbon County. In
1820 he came to Missouri, and settled in Pike
County, and preached to Mount Pleasant, Ramsey
Creek, and Bethlehem churches, and organized the
Noix Creek church. He labored with marked suc
cess for fifty years, and the prosperity of the de
nomination in Northeast Missouri is largely due to
his ministry, He died Aug. 1, 1845, in his eighty-
third year.

Biggs, Deacon Noah, is one of the most liberal
and useful laymen of North Carolina, a merchant

BIGOTRY

100

B1XNEY

of Scotland Neck, a trustee of Wake Forest Col
lege, and a lover of all good men and good works.
He was born in Martin Co., N. C., in 1842, and was
baptized in 1S7G.

Bigotry, Baptist. The Baptists regard every
man as a Christian who truly repents and who
puts his entire trust in the atoning merits of Jesus
for the salvation of his soul. They believe that
such a regenerated man will enter heaven from the
membership of any church, evangelical or hetero
dox, or even from the great world outside of all
churches. They think that such children of God
should show their love to Jesus by keeping his
commandments : but whether they are immersed
or not. it is the firm conviction of all Baptists that
the entire earthly regenerated family of Jesus, of
all names, will be saved in glory. They love all
the true followers of Jesus wherever they find
them, from Pascal, the Catholic, to William Penn,
the Quaker. This love is a great reality ; and it is
quite as strong as the love of a Methodist for a
Presbyterian, or of a Presbyterian for an Evangel
ical Episcopalian, or of a Dutch for a German He-
formed. Nay, we think it quite as potent as the
affection which a Reformed (Covenanter) Presby
terian bears to the great Presbyterian body of this
country, or which a follower of Dr. Henry A.
Boardman, or of Albert Barnes, bears to the re
ligious descendants of the grand men who framed
and adopted the " Solomon League and Covenant."
The writer has extensive knowledge of the charity
of Pedobaptists for Baptists, and he gives it as his
deliberate conviction that Baptist charity for godly
persons who are not in their own fold is very largely
in excess of the love which our Pedobaptist brethren
cherish for us. If there was a standard by which
charity could be measured, we should, without hesi
tation or delay, submit Baptist and Pedobaptist
love for each other to its decision without any doubt
about the result. And if it be objected that we do
not admit unimmersed Pedobaptists to the Lord s
table, we reply that the exclusion springs from
no want of charity, for we do not bring our own
unbaptized converts to the Lord s table, whom we
love with the warmest affection. Baptism, as Bap
tists and nearly all Pedobaptists view it, is a pre
requisite to the Lord s Supper, and heaven-revealed
charitv does riot require or permit the sacrifice of
heaven-revealed truth. No charity requires a
Calvinist to give up his inspired creed to please an
Arminian ; no oharity demands from a Democratic
Republican the surrender of his just political prin
ciples to gratify a monarchist-; and if charity re
quires a Baptist not. only to give his love to an
unbaptized Christian, but to surrender his Bible
baptism to please the prejudices of his believing
Pedobaptist brother, it is not in harmony with his
teachings who says. " Buy the truth and sell it

not, "Hold fast the form of sound words which
thou hast heard of me in faith and love, which is
in Christ Jesus." Our motto about charity is,
" Love for Christians and all mankind, and supreme
love for God and his truth." This is Baptist
bigotry.

Bill, Hon. Caleb R., brother of Rev. Ingram E.
Bill, and a member of Billtown Baptist church.
Nova Scotia ; became wealthy by careful attention
to business. He was a member of the Nova Scotia
Parliament for several years, and at confederation
became a member of the Senate of Canada, and so
continued till his death, in 1872. Senator Bill left
a handsome bequest to the Foreign Missionary
Board of the Maritime Provinces.

Bill, Rev. Ingram E., was born in Cornwallis.
Nova Scotia, where he was converted, and joined
the Cornwallis Baptist church ; ordained at Nic-
taux, March 3, 1829 ; became pastor of the Bap
tist church at Frcdericton, New Brunswick, in
1841. In 1S42 he resumed the pastorate at Nic-
taux. In 1852 he became pastor of Germain
Street Baptist church, St. Johns, New Brunswick.
Subsequently he became editor of the Christian
Vi.si/or, and so continued for over twenty years.
Mr. Bill is now the useful pastor of the Baptist
church, St. Martins, New Brunswick.

Bingham, Rev. Abel. In 1828, this brother
having been a preacher among the Tonawanda In
dians, was sent from Western New York to es
tablish a mission among the Indians at Sault Ste.
Marie. At this post he labored steadily for twenty-
five years, being useful with the soldiers there sta
tioned, as well as in his own work. Amid many
discouragements his patient continuance stood him"
in good stead. When the scattering of the tribes
made it necessary to abandon the mission, he re
tired to the society of his children at Grand Rapids,
and, through a serene and loved old age, passed to
his rest in 1865.

Binney, Joseph Getchell, D.D., was born in
Boston, Mass., Dec. 1, 1807, and was educated at
Yale College and Newton Theological Seminary.
He was ordained at West Boylston, Mass., in 1832,
and settled at Savannah, Ga., where his ministry
was remarkably successful. His congregation was
large and intelligent, and grew rapidly in number
and efficiency. Their interest in foreign missions
was especially marked, and large contributions
were regularly given to the cause. In 1843 the
acting board of the Triennial Convention urged
him to engage in the foreign missionary work, and
also " to establish and conduct a school for the
training of a native ministry among the Karens."
He was also requested to unite with his missionary
associates in inaugurating a system of general ed
ucation for the Karens, then but recently known,
but who had received the gospel with great alac-

BINNEY

101

BISHOP

rity. A school was opened by Dr. Binney in Maul-
main, May, 1845, with 13 adult pupils, all converts
from heathenism, and who had already been quite
useful in making known to their countrymen, as
best they could, the gospel truth. At first instruc
tion in the Bible only was given, but afterwards in
arithmetic, geography, and astronomy. The school
increased each year in numbers and efficiency, and
quite an advance was made in the grade of the
studies. At the end of five most encouraging
years, the health of Mrs. Binney, who had taken
an active part in teaching, failed, and l)r. Binney
and she were obliged to return to America. The
school became almost extinct during the three en
suing years, as but little time could be devoted to it
by the brethren who were actively engaged in mis
sionary work. After Dr. Binney s return to this
country, in 1853, he was engaged for a while as
pastor at Elmira, N. Y., and subsequently at Au- ;
gusta, Ga. In 1855 he was invited to accept the
presidency of the Columbian College, which he did,
remaining in that position only three years, yet
long enough to give an influence to its methods of
instruction and discipline which it still feels. An
urgent call from his missionary associates in Bur-
mah, and importunate solicitation on the part of
prominent brethren in this country upon Dr. Bin
ney to return and resume his labors of instruction
in the Karen Seminary, induced him, in 1858, to
resign the presidency of the college and to enter
again on the work for which he was so admirably
fitted, and which lay so near his heart. He sailed
for Burmah in 185 .). at which time the seminary
was removed from Maulmain to Rangoon, the new
capital of British Burmah. The seminary opened
with 80 pupils, and for a while the whole labor of
conducting it, with much additional work of preach
ing, translating, and publishing, fell upon Dr. Bin
ney, assisted by his faithful wife. From this time
nntil 1876 the seminary was blessed with an unin
terrupted career of prosperity and usefulness. A
literary department was added to it, buildings
erected, text-books printed, treatises on anatomy,
physiology, and hygiene, a manual of theology,
and manuscript works on mental and moral science
prepared. His onerous labors during this pro
tracted period greatly impaired the health of Dr.
Binney, and in November, 1875, being entirely
prostrated in health, he was obliged to leave the
seminary in the care of the Rev. Sau Tay and return
to America. After a brief sojourn in this country,
with health somewhat improved, he sailed again for
Burmah in the fall of 1877, being accompanied by
Mrs. Binney, but he died upon the voyage, Novem
ber 26, and was buried in the Indian Ocean. His
work in Asia will be his enduring monument.
More than 3(K) Karen ministers were educated by
him, and they have accomplished an amount of

good among their countrymen which no man can
measure. As a thinker, Dr. Binney had a clear,
incisive, analytic, and unusually logical mind. As
a preacher, he was impressive, dignified, and in
structive. As a teacher, he stimulated the dullest
into quickness and accuracy of thought ; while, as
a man, there was a humility, sincerity, trust, and
oneness of purpose in all his acts that stamped him
as one of the very best of the good ministers of
Christ,

Birt, Caleb Evans, son of the Rev. Isaiah Birt,
was born at Devonport, England, on March 11,
1795. In his seventeenth year he entered Cam
bridge University with a view of studying for the
bar. His conscience was aroused and agitated by
the prospective necessity of signing the articles of
the Church of England. The conflict of mind
ended in his abandonment of the plan of life he
had cherished, and he determined to devote him
self to the ministry of the gospel among his own
people, the Baptists. lie was baptized by his
brother, the Rev. John Birt, then pastor of the
Baptist church at Hull, and made his first pulpit
efforts in that neighborhood. Soon after he was
entered at Bristol College as a ministerial student,
whence he proceeded to Edinburgh University. At
the close of his studies, in 1816, he was invited to
become pastor of a church in Derby, and was or
dained in the following year. After ten yeai s
labor in Derby he removed to Portsea. where he
labored until 1837, when he was invited to Broad-
mead church, Bristol. In 1844 he removed to
Wantage, and held the pastoral charge of the church
thero until his death, Dec. 13, 1854, aged sixty
years. His high character and fervent piety,
together with the advantages of a liberal education,
qualified him for eminent usefulness. In Portsea
particularly his ministry was remarkably success
ful, and his memory is affectionately cherished
throughout the community.

Bishop, Miss Harriet E., the third daughter
of Putnam and Miranda Bishop, was born in
Panton, Addison Co., Vt., Jan. 1, 1818. At
thirteen she was converted and baptized by Rev.
John A. Dodge in Lake Champlain, and for
several years was the youngest member of the
church in her native town. She remained a mem
ber of that church until the organization of the
First Baptist church of St. Paul. Minn. The read
ing of the memoirs of Harriet Newell and Ann
II. Judson awoke a missionary spirit which never
slept. Where she should labor was a subject of
serious consideration whilst the preparatory work
of securing an education was going on. In 1840
the Board of National Popular Education called
for its first class of female Christian teachers for
destitute portions of the West. She entered this
open door, and at once commenced her life-work.

BISHOP

102

BISHOP

July 13, 1S47, the teacher arrived at a govern-
inont Indian trading town having the nut-lassie
name of * Pig s Eye." A few rude homes stood
on the bluff, but there was not a Christian man or
woman in one of them. Here the queenly city of
St. Paul now nourishes. There was no meeting-
or school-house within f&gt;00 miles. About two
weeks after Miss Bishop arrived she orga.niy.ed a
Sundav-school which is a mighty power; atprisrnt
the sclio"! of the First Baptist church. For several
months she labored without a Christian helper in
the school. At the close of the year a part of her
school formed the nucleus of one organized by the
Methodists, and another portion for one organized
by the Presbvterians : the larger number of scholars,
however, remained in the original school. Mean
while, the loir-cabin school had grown into a pio
neer seminary. Though the only Baptist at the
Indian trading-post for one year, she ^ver remained
true to her convictions of Bible truth. Feeble
churches have been strengthened by her wise
counsels. Missions, both home and foreign, have
ever been cherished and efficiently aided by her
labors. Noblv has she advocated the temperance
reformation, visiting prisons and the homes ol
drunkards to rescue them from hopeless ruin.
Though now in the evening of life, heart and
hands are ever busy in gospel work.

Bishop, Hon. Jesse P., was born in New Haven,
Vt.. -June 1, LS15. After a childhood and youth
of many vicissitudes and much toil, he removed in
!&gt;:;&lt;&gt; to Cleveland, O. In 1837 he entered the
Senior class of Western Reserve College, graduating
the following year. In ISM -, having completed his
law studies, he began legal practice as a member
of the firm of Card & .Bishop. In 1856 he was
elected to the Common Pleas judgeship of his
county, and served to the end of the term with
great satisfaction, both to the members of the pro
fession and to the public. At the end of the term
he declined re-election, and resumed the practice
of law. In this he still continues, having associated
with him his son L. J. P. Bishop, and Seymour F.
Adams.

Judge Bishop has led a very busy and earnest
life. As a judge he was accurate and discrimina
ting : as a lawyer, he is considered one of the most
reliable and well informed in the city of Cleveland.
lie has a fine memory and a comprehensive mind,
and is seldom mistaken in his decision. For forty-
five years he has been an honored and trusted mem
ber of the First church of Cleveland. His uniform
courtesy, his tried integrity, his sincere and unsel
fish friendship, his liberality, and his blameless
life, have attracted to him universal respect and
esteem.

Bishop, Nathan, LL.D., was born at Vernon,
Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1808. He graduated at

Brown University, where he also served for some
time as tutor. For years he was a member of the
board of his alma mater, and afterwards he was*
one of the Fellows, lie was a superintendent of

NATHAN* BISHOP, LL.D.

schools in Providence, and subsequently for some
years in the city of Boston ; while in the latter po
sition Harvard University showed its appreciation
of his great abilities by conferring on him the
degree of Doctor of Laws.

After removing to Xew York City he was ap
pointed by the governor a member of the State
Board of Charities, and by President Grant a
member of the United States Indian Commission.
He has served for years on the Board of the Amer
ican Baptist Home Mission Society and in many
similar positions. He was chairman of the Finance
Committee of the American Committee of Bible
Revision. He served for two years as correopond-
inir secretary of the Baptist Home Missionary
Society without compensation, and \vhen he re
tired from the office, in 1876. he paid its entire
indebtedness, amounting to i?30.000.

About twenty-five years ago he married the
widow of Garrett N. Bleecker, a daughter of Deacon
Ebenezer Cauldwell, of New York City. Dr. and
Mrs. Bishop for many years have given princely
contributions to all the great benevolent enter
prises of the Baptist denomination.

For the last fifteen years he was a member, dea
con, and trustee of the Calvary Baptist church of
New York. He was specially interested in the
education of the freedmen, and gave liberally for

BITTING

103

BLYBY

that object. He died at Saratoga Springs, Aug. 7,
1880.

Tie was a man of rare talents, benevolence, and
integrity. lie was unostentatious, earnest, and hum-

tive societies in the State. In 1872 he was chosen
district secretary for the Southern States of the
American Baptist Publication Society, with head
quarters at Richmond. Ya.. but in the following

ble. The world seldom has the death of such a year he became pastor of the Second Baptist church

man as Nathan Bishop to lament. in that city. While in Richmond, Dr. Bitting s

Bitting", C. C., D.D., was born in Philadelphia, labors were manifold, for while pressed with the

Pa., March, 1830: was graduated from the Central ; cares of a large congregation he was also acting as

statistical secretary of the Virginia Baptist General
Association and chairman of the Memorial Com
mittee of the Virginia Centennial to secure an en
dowment for Richmond College. In September,
1876, he became pastor of the Franklin Square
Baptist church. Baltimore, Md.. where he still la
bors with marked success. Dr. Bitting is one of the
most popular preachers in his State. He is studious
in his pulpit preparations, and earnest and eloquent
in his preaching. He has also made valuable ad
ditions to the literature of the denomination. In
1X74. Dr. Bitting visited Europe, Palestine, arid
Egypt. Furman University conferred upon him
the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity.

, Moses H., D.D., was born in Warren,
Grai ton Co., N. II., Aug. 20, 1827. He became a

C. C. KITTING, D.D.

High School in iXfiO; baptized at the age of seven
teen by the Rev. J. L. Burrows. D.D., and united
with the Broad Street Baptist church. After having
prosecuted his studies at Lewisburg and Madison
Universities, he was engaged in teaching in the
Tennessee Baptist Female College at Nashville, and
after its removal, at Murfreesborough, Trim. Hav
ing been ordained to the work of the ministry while
here, he was invited to the pastorate of the Mount
Olivet and Hopeful Baptist churches, in Hanover
Co., Ya., at that time two of the most prominent
county churches in the State : he accepted the po
sition, and after a period of the most successful
labor in this field, he was chosen, in 18~*9, the pas
tor of the Baptist church in Alexandria. Ya. In
1806, Dr. Bitting was urged to accept the secretary
ship of the Sunday-School Board of the Southern
Baptist Convention, located in Greenville, S. C.,
which he did; but on the removal of the board to
Memphis, Tenn., he became pastor of the Baptist
church in Lynchburg. Ya., arid removed there in
May, 1868. His labors here were eminently suc
cessful. More than 300 united with the church in
that place during his pastorate of four years, and
thus it became one of the strongest and most effec-

MOSES II. lilXBV, D.D.

hopeful Christian at the early age of twelve, and
when quite young had his thoughts turned to the
Christian ministry. After ten years devoted to
study, the latter part of the period being spent at
a college in Montreal, he was ordained in Vermont
in 1849. During the next threeyears 1849-52 he
preached in Vermont, where his labors were greatly
blessed. In 1852 he was appointed by the Mission
ary Union to the Burman field, and continued in

BLACK

BLACKWOOD

service for about four years, 1X52-56, at the end
of which period lie returned to this country, on ac
count of what proved to be the fatal illness of his
wife, and for three years was pastor of a church in
Providence, intending, when the providence of
God should open the way, to return to Burmah.
In IS(H) lie once more entered upon his missionary
work, devoting himself especially to the Shuns,
for whose spiritual welfare he labored for eight
successive years, 1861-69. Worn down by his ex
cessive and protracted work, he again returned to
his native land, and once more established himself
in Providence, K. I. Commencing his ministerial
labors in a destitute but growing part of the city,
he gathered a new Baptist church, which was or-
gani/ed in October, 1S70, and is known as the
" Cranston Street church." This church and the
Sunday-school connected with it have had a re
markable growth, and in point of numbers rank
with the largest churches and Sunday-schools in
the city. Dartmouth College, in 1868, conferred
on him the honorary degree of Master of Arts,
find the Central University of Iowa, in 1875, that of
Doctor of Divinity.

Black, Col. J. C. C. An eminent lawyer of Au
gusta, Ga., a deacon in the First Baptist church in
that city, and a trustee of Mercer University. a
man of unquestionable ability, integrity, and de
votion to principle, and a refined, social, Christian
gentleman. He was born in Scott Co., Ky., May 9,
1842; completed his college course at Georgetown
College, Ky., in 1862; entered the Confederate
army as a common soldier, under Gen. Morgan,
und was promoted to be colonel of his regiment.
In 1865 he moved to Augusta, Ga., entered upon
the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in
1866, and to-day he is one of the best thinkers and
most eloquent pleaders in the State.

Mr. Black has been a Sunday-school superin
tendent, a representative in the Legislature of the
State, president of the Young Men s Christian As
sociation, and in every way an able, earnest, zeal
ous Christian worker. Of a charitable disposition,
he is pleasant in conversation, popular in his man
ners, stern in his principles, and thoroughly iden
tified with the Baptist cause. Honored for his
abilities and beloved for his generous qualities, he
wields great moral influence in the community
where he dwells.

Blackall, Christopher R., M.D. Dr. Blackall
is known chiefly for his long und efficient service
in connection with the American Baptist Publica
tion Society.

He was born in Albany. N. Y., in 1830. He
graduated from Rush Medical College, of Chicago,
and early in the history of the civil war was com
missioned a surgeon of the 33d Infantry Regiment,
of Wisconsin. After efficient service in that capa

city, he resigned and was honorably discharged,
and he settled in Chicago, 111.

In May, I860, he accepted an appointment as
general superintendent of the Chicago Sunday-
School Union, and a year later was appointed dis
trict secretary of the American Baptist Publica
tion Society for the Xorthwest. His great success
in managing the business department of the society
committed to him, and of promoting the Sunday
school work on that extensive field, is well known.

In 1879, by appointment of the society, he was
transferred to New York, and assumed the man
agement of its branch house in that city.

Dr. Blackall is the author of the well-known
charming cantatas " Belshazzar" and " Ruth."
lie has also largely contributed to our Sunday-
school literature. Among his works may be men
tioned " Lessons on the Lord s Prayer/ " Our Sun
day-School Work, and How to do it." " Nellie s
Work for Jesus," Gems for Little Ones." For
eight years he edited Our Little Ones, also the
"Bible Lessons." His industry, fidelity, tact, so
cial nature, and Christian devotion fit him for the
eminent position he has so long filled.

Blackman, Rev. James F., a prominent
preacher of the Ouachita region, Louisiana, a
native of the State, was born in 1828, and brought
up to the occupation of a printer and publisher.
He was active and successful in the ministry. He
died Dec. 11, 1874.

Blackwood, Rev. A. D., was born in Orange
Co., N. C., June 10, 1820; bapti/ed November,
1838; ordained in Alabama in December, 18-16:
has preached 3600 times, and baptized 1000 per
sons ; was much blessed in pioneer and revival
work, and was moderator of Raleigh Association for
eight years. He is now pastor at Corey, N. C.

Blackwood, Rev. Christopher, was born in
1606, and graduated at the University of Cam
bridge. He w r as rector of a parish in Kent at
the beginning of the Parliamentary war.

In 1644 the Rev. Francis Cornwell, in preaching
a sermon at Cranbrook, in Kent, before a number
of ministers and others, stated that infant baptism
was an anti-Christian innovation, a human tradi
tion, and a practice for which there was neither
precept, example, nor true deduction from the Word
of God. On hearing this several of the ministers
were greatly startled und seriously offended, and
ufter service they agreed to examine the subject and
to report the result of their investigations at their
conference within a fortnight. Mr. Blackwood
studied the subject thoroughly, and felt compelled
to renounce infant baptism forever. He presented
his views on paper to the brethren, which none of
them pretended to answer ; and he subsequently
published them. He did not continue long in the
national church after this ; for he disapproved of

BLAIN

105

BLEAKNEY

an established church as much as he disliked in
fant baptism. The Presbyterians wrote against
him not only because of his rejection of infant
baptism, but because of his advocacy of liberty of
conscience.

He gathered a Baptist church at Spilshill, near
Staplehurst, in connection with Richard Kings-
worth, and labored in that field until the opposi
tion of his co-pastor to the doctrine of personal
election led him to retire from the church. Mr.
Blackwood received the whole counsel of God, and
he would neither hide the truth nor promote dis
cord.

He entered the army as a chaplain and went to
Ireland, probably with Gen. Fleetwood and Lieut.-
Gen. Ludlow. He formed a Baptist church in
Dublin, which grievously offended the Pedobaptists
of that city : and of this church he was the pastor for
several years. The Baptists at this period in Ire
land were quite numerous, and they held impor
tant positions in the English army. Mr. Harrison,
a Pedobaptist, writing to Thurloe, Cromwell s chief
secretary, says of Mr. Blackwood, He is the oracle
of the Anabaptists in Ireland." He was regarded
as "a very learned man," better acquainted with
the early Christian fathers than most men in his
day. He was the author of several valuable works,
which were very popular, and which rendered
effective service to the cause of truth.

Blain, Rev. John, was born in Fishkill, X. Y.,
Feb. 14, 1795; converted at the age of fifteen ; united
with the First Baptist church in Albany, under
Rev. Joshua Bradley ; studied for the ministry,
and began preaching in 1819 ; served various
churches, and labored as an evangelist in New
York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachu
setts ; was blessed with powerful revivals ; a leader
in the temperance movement ; baptized about 3000
persons ; preached more than 9500 sermons ; as
sisted in nearly 100 revivals; married about 2000
couples; spoke in about 1000 different places ; gave,
while living, to home and foreign missions more
than 819.000, and left his property to missions ; had
three brothers, who were also preachers. He died
in Mansfield, Dec. 26, 1879, in his eighty-fifth year ;
a man of great spiritual might.

Blake, E. Nelson. Mr. Blake, at present the
leading partner in the Dake Bakery, an extensive
and prosperous establishment in Chicago, was born
in 1831, at West Cambridge, now Arlington, Mass.
Changes in the family, caused by his father s death,
interfered with his studies at an early age, and
threw upon him unusual responsibilities. His
proficiency at school, nevertheless, was such that
opportunities to begin life as a teacher were opened
to him. Declining these, he chose a business life,
removing to California with this view in 1850.
Some brilliant openings for acquiring a large for

tune were offered him. but a pledge to his family
that he would not make California a permanent
home compelled him to decline all such, and he
returned East in 1853. Engaging in business in
Boston, he made such progress that in 18G9 he was
able, in company with others, to purchase the
Dake Bakery in Chicago, which has since grown
to the dimensions of the largest establishment ol
the kind in this country. To remarkable business
capacity Mr. Blake unites perfect integrity, and at
j the same time a spirit of Christian liberality which
prompts him to use his largo means in enterprises
of Christian usefulness, lie was converted at the
age of nineteen, and uniting with a Baptist church,
began a career of Christian activity in various de
partments of church work, in which he still finds
great delight. His membership is now with the
Second church in Chicago. As a trustee of the
university and of the theological seminary, he has
rendered important service, helping both institu
tions in their pecuniary straits with a free and
open hand. His donations to the seminary, in
particular, are believed to aggregate more than
that of any other man.

Blakewood, Rev. B. W., LL.D., an active and
zealous worker in the Louisiana Association, was
born in South Carolina, and is about fifty years of
age. After a literary course he studied medicine
in Philadelphia and New York, and was offered
the chair of Surgery in Oglethorpe Medical Col
lege. Subsequently he graduated in law at Har
vard University. He came to Louisiana about the
year 1850 as a Baptist, having been immersed in
Georgia in 1849. He settled on Bayou de Glaise,
and became an active promoter of the cause of the
Baptists. He has filled many important positions,
moderator of Louisiana Association, vice-presi
dent of the Baptist State Convention, president of
the State Sunday-School Convention, and a mem
ber of the Legislature. A few years ago Dr. Black-
wood was ordained to the ministry, and is zeal
ously devoting himself to the work.

Blanton, Rev. William C., was born in Frank
lin Co., Ky., Feb. 3, 1803. He was baptized into
the fellowship of the Forks of Elkhorn church in
1827, and ordained to the ministry in 1833. After
preaching one year as a licentiate, he accepted a
call to the pastoral care of Lebanon and North
Benson churches. With these churches he labored
until near the time of his death. At different pe
riods he preached as supply for Pigeon Fork, Mount
Pleasant, Providence, and Buffalo Lick churches.
His great zeal, unaffected piety, and the ; sweet
simplicity" of his preaching won the hearts of the
multitudes, and by him many were led to the Sa
viour. He died at his home in his native countv,
Aug. 21, 1845.
Bleakney, Rev. James, was born in New

BLEDSOE

106

BLISS

Brunswick, and ordained in 1833. He was pastor
at Norton, Unhain, Little River, and Gondolon
Point churches. His labors as missionary in the
northern counties and other parts of New Bruns
wick were highly useful. He baptized over a
thousand converts, lie died Dec. 14, ISO 1. Three
of his sons NV. A. -T. Bleakney, James E.
Bleakney, and J. C. Bleakney are useful pastors
in Nova Scotia.

Bledsoe, Hon. Thomas W., was born in Green
Co.. &lt; la., April 11,1811 ; was for several years presid- j
ing judge of the Inferior Court of Tolbert Co., Ga.
He settled as a planter in Louisiana in 1845; was
four years moderator of Red River Association, and
eight years president of the Louisiana Baptist Con
vention. Tie died in 1871.

Bleecker, Grarrat Noel, an eminent iron mer
chant of New York City, was born in New York
in 1815, and died May 28, 1853. His father, by
the same name, was also a prominent citizen, and
was at one time comptroller of New York. Father
and son were members of the Oliver Street Baptist
church, and from the commencement to the close
of their religious life the personal consecration of
each seemed complete. The son joined the church
at twenty-one, but from fifteen had been a zealous
teacher in the Sunday-school, and was apparently
from his childhood a devout Christian.

Habits of prayer, taught him in his infancy, and
never intermitted through life, but increased to
three times a day. morning, noon, and night, as he
came to years of discernment, were the foundation
of the saintly character for which he was distin
guished. He was as active in labors in the church
and Sunday-school and missionary work as he was
devoted in spirit, He was successful in business,
and generous in dispensing its profits, which he
regarded as truly the Lord s.

He withdrew from his first partnership because
it involved the necessity of profiting by the sale of
intoxicating liquors. He, with a friend, then entered
into the iron business. Success came rapidly, and
the application of his rule, to make wealth useful,
conferred upon many a needy cause a timely bene
fit. He made his pastor, Rev. Elisha Tucker. D.I).,
the almoner of many charitable gifts to the poor,
for whom he felt the tenderest sympathies, because
he was so constant a laborer among them in evan-
o-elistic work. About the time of his death the
educational interests of New York Baptists were in
a condition to make endowments necessary, and he
gave $3000 to the theological seminary at Hamil
ton. Had his life been spared, no doubt large
donations would have followed. In his will he be
queathed $12,000 more to that institution, which
was promptly paid by his executors, being the first
large donation to its funds.

Besides $8000 to the American Baptist Home

Mission Society, he left liberal bequests to our other
denominational societies.

Blewett, Prof. B. T., was born in 1820 in
Bowling Green, Ky. He entered Georgetown Col
lege in 1841, and graduated in 1840, and taught in
that institution till 1853. Mr. Blewett left George
town, and for some time was Professor of Moral
and Intellectual Philosophy at Bethel College.
Russellville, Ky. In I860 he became connected
with Augusta College, Ky. ; in 1871 he removed to
St. Louis Co., Mo. He is now president of the St.
Louis Female Seminary. He made a profession of
religion in 1840, and was baptized in Kentucky.
He was licensed to preach the same year. Prof.
Blewett is a cultured Christian gentleman, enjoy
ing the confidence of all who know him.

Bliss, George Ripley, D.D., LL.D., was born
in Sherburne, N. Y., June 20, 1810 ; entered Madi-

GEORGE RIPLEY BLISS, D.D.. LL.D.

son University in 1837, and graduated in 1838;
graduated from Hamilton Theological Seminary in
1840 ; was tutor in Madison University for three
years. In December, 1843, he became pastor of
the church at New Brunswick, N. J.. and re
mained until May, 1849, when he accepted the
Greek professorship in the university at Lewis-
burg. He was also for two years president of the
theological department. Thus his connection with
the university dates almost from its beginning, and
its subsequent growth was largely due to the in
fluence of his profound scholarship and self-sacri
ficing labors. In 1874 he was called to the chair
of Biblical Exegesis in the Crozer Theological
Seminary, which position he now holds. He has

BLITCH

107

also been prominently identified with the work of
Bible revision. He received the degree of D.I), in
1860 from Madison University, and that of LL.D.
in 1878 from the university at Lewisbnrg.

Dr. Bliss is a noble specimen of intellectual and
spiritual manhood. His scholarly attainments are
widety known and recognized, notwithstanding the
hindrances to publicity that are imposed by his
quiet and unobtrusive manners. His sermons and
writings display a. rich fund of sublime thought,
elegant diction, and convincing argument.

Blitch, Joseph Luke, D.D., was born March
3, 18. ] .). in Duval Co., Fla. ; is the son of Rev.
Benj. .Blitch. an eminent Baptist preacher. lie

JOSKPH LIKK 111, ITCH. U.I).

was converted at fifteen, but "boy conversions"
being then unpopular, he was baptized two years
later. He began talking for Jesus as soon as con
verted, and the Sunday after his baptism he went
fifty miles to hear a great preacher. Crowds had
gathered at Ready Creek ; the preacher failed, and
young Brother Blitch took charge of the meeting,
and almost unconsciously began preaching from
the words, "Behold the Lamb of God!" From
that day till now he has preached every Sunday
save one from one to four sermons. He graduated
at Mercer University in 1863. the only graduate
that year, preaching to three churches while in
college, having been ordained by the Macedonia
church in 1860. He was pastor at Aberlare. near
Augusta, several years. At one time he im
mersed 99 converts before leaving the water. lie
next served Shiloh, Macedonia, and Lafayette
churches ; thence to Macon, Ga., where he estab

lished the Second church, and at the close of a two
years pastorate left it with a good house and over
one hundred members. He was pastor one year
at Little Rock. Ark. ; two years at Marshall.
Texas: Boenville, one year; Lee Summit. Mo.,
three years. In Is73 he went to California; was
pastor at Dixon six years, taking an active part,
officially, in education and mission interests. In
1879 he located at Walla Walla. Washington Terri
tory, and has already organized a vigorous church.
About 2000 have been converted under his minis
try, of whom he has baptized 1G3(&gt;. La Grange
University, Mo., conferred upon him the degree of
D.I&gt;. Several of his sermons have been published.
one of which. " Thy kingdom come." so delighted
Spurgeon. of London, that he said of it, " Everv
sentence carries the sound of a glorious victory. I
love it.

Blodgett, Rev. John, was born in Randolph,
Vt., Xov. 2(1, 1792; born again in lS17.when he
united with the Baptist church in Denmark. X. V. ;
licensed to preach in ISIS; he became in subse
quent years pastor at Champion. Lowville. and
Broad Street, Utica. X. Y. After a year in Ten
nessee, he became pastor of the church at Lebanon,
0. From Lebanon he went to Centreville, and
; thence to Casstowu. 0.. where he remained two
years. In 1854 he left Ohio for a two years so
journ in Indiana, but returned to settle at Frank
lin, 0., where he continued until disease and old
age terminated his active work. He died July 24,
t 1876.

Father Blodgett was a man of wide popularity.
lie was familiarly called in Ohio "John, the Be
loved." Kind and conciliatory in his manner, and
full of earnest love for men, he endeared himself
to all. Probably no one is more affectionately re
membered by those who knew him and had the
pleasure of hearing him preach.

Blood, Rev. Caleb, was born in Charlton,
Mass., Aug. 18, 1754. His conversion took place
when he was twenty-one. " his first serious impres
sions having been received amidst the gayeties of
the ball-room." lie commenced to preach a year
and a half after joining the church, and was or
dained as an evangelist in the fall of 1777. lie
became pastor of the church in Weston, Mass., and
remained such for seven years, and then removed
to Shaftsbury, Vt., early in 1788. Here a large
blessing was vouchsafed to him. In one revival
that of the winter of 179899 175 persons were
added to the church. Besides looking after the
spiritual interests of his own flock, he performed
the work of an itinerant, visiting in his preaching
tours the northwest parts of Xew York and the
neighboring province of Canada. The fame of his
excellence and success as a minister reached the
metropolis of Xew England, and when the Third

BLUE

108

BOARD MAX

Baptist church, then recently formed, wore looking
out for a pastor, their attention was turned to him.
For three years he acted as the pastor of this infant
church, and then removed to Portland. .Me., where
he became the pastor of the First Baptist church.
Here he continued until removed by death, March
I). IS 14. Mr. Blood was strongly Calvinistic in his
doctrinal views, and was a good type ot a large
class of some of the most worthy and successful
ministers of his denomination in the times in which
he lived. He was always strongly in favor of
law and order." His preaching was attended
with powerful revivals, but lie always discouraged
an excess of mere animal feeling, and knew well
the difference between the genuine operations of
the Holy Spirit and mere human excitement. "\\ e
are told that "in the earlier part of his ministry,
artendinir a meeting marked with excitement and
zeal, but. as he thought, not according to knowl
edge, a good woman, at the close, came to him.
with uplifted hands, exclaiming. Oh. Mr. Blood,
did you ever see such a meeting before? No.
he promptly replied, and I hope I never shall
airain. " The reply was the true index of the
man, and of the principles by which he was gov
erned through his ministerial life.

Blue Mountain College, located at Blue Moun
tain, Miss., is the leading female college in North
Mississippi: Rev. M. P. Lowery.-D.D., Principal.

Boardman, George Dana, D.D., son of the

Rev. George l)ana Boardman. and step-son of Rev.
Adoniram Judson, was born in Tavoy. Burmah.
Aug. 18. 1828. At six years of age he embarked
for America, and journeyed the entire distance
alone. During the voyage, which lasted nine
months, he was subjected to severe hardship and
ill treatment, and was nearly captured by Malay
pirates when in a small boat off Singapore. But
the young and enfeebled life was graciously spared
for a career of remarkable vigor and usefulness:
he was baptized, while yet a lad, by Dr. William
Lamson. at Thomaston, Me. : entered Brown Uni
versity in 184o ; became disheartened during his
Sophomore year, and spent two years in Indiana.
Illinois, and Missouri, reading law and engaging
in mercantile pursuits. He subsequently re-en
tered Brown University, and graduated in 1*52:
graduated from Newton Theological Institution in
1855. In consequence of pulmonary troubles he
settled at Barnwell Court-IIouse. S. C.. where he
was ordained, December, 1855. After a live months
pastorate he returned to the North, and became
pastor of the Second church at Rochester. N. Y..
where he remained until May, 18G4. He then en
tered upon the pastorate of the First church at
Philadelphia, where he still remains, esteemed,
honored, and beloved.

To his wife he lovingly dedicated one of his

choicest publications, speaking of her as one
" whose poetic insight into the meaning of nature
has been my inspiration."

During his pastorate in Philadelphia he has
traveled extensively in Europe, Asia, and Africa;

GEORGE DANA 1JOAKDMAX, D.D.

and in his journeys abroad, as well as in his studies
at home, he has, with careful intensity, sought to
understand the truths of divine revelation. With
a soul full of devout inquiry, and with an intellec
tual vigor that sometimes threatened the prostra
tion of his physical powers, he has diligently en
deavored to know and preach the gospel of Christ :
and those who attend upon his ministry are en
riched by his devout and scholarly expositions. At
the Wednesday evening services of the church he
has delivered 184 lectures on the Life of our Lord,
55 on the Acts of the Apostles, 14 on the Epistles
to the Thessalonians. Ifi on the Epistle to the Gala-
tians, 39 on the Epistles to the Corinthians, 39 on
the Epistle to the Romans, 11 on the Epistle to
the Ephesians. S on the Epistle to the Colossians,
12 on the Epistle to the Philippians. 14 on the
Epistles to Timothy. 3 on the Epistles to Titus, and
1 on the Epistle to Philemon, making 396 weekly
expository lectures. These are to be continued
through the entire New Testament. He has also
published numerous sermons, pamphlets, and re-
! view articles, etc.

During 1878 he delivered 14 lectures on " The
Creative Week" to immense audiences gathered at
mid-day on successive Tuesdays in the hall of the
Young Men s Christian Association. These lec
tures have since been published in book-form. lie

BOAR DM AX

109

BOARD MAN

has also published " Studies in the Model Prayer"
and Epiphanies of the Risen Lord.

His varied and cultured abilities have received
repeated and well-merited recognition. The mis
sionary and educational boards of the denomina
tion have been honored by his membership ; and at
the Saratoga meetings in 1880 he was unanimously
chosen president of the American Baptist Mission
ary Union. He is also a trustee of the University
of Pennsylvania and a member of the American
Philosophical Society. Such honors justly belong
to one who is widely known and esteemed as a
courteous and scholarly Christian gentleman.

Boardman, Rev. George Dana, Sr., was born
in Livermore, Me., Feb. 8. 1801. His father, Rev.
Sylvan us Boardman, at the time of his birth was
the pastor of the Baptist church in that place.
Mr. Boardman was a member of the first class that
was formed in Waterville College : he graduated
in 1822. lie was ordained at North Yarmouth.
Me., Feb. 10. 1825. and. with his wife, sailed the
16th of July for Calcutta, arriving there early in
the following December. They took up their resi
dence at Chitpore, near Calcutta. Here they re
mained until March 20, 1827. when they embarked
for Ainherst, in Burmah. From Amherst Mr.
Boardman proceeded at once to Maulmain. In
April, 1828, Mr. and Mrs. Boardman removed t&lt;&gt;
Tavoy. and commenced missionary work in that
town. It was a place of upwards of &lt;ll)&lt;&gt;&lt;) inhab
itants. It was. moreover, one of the principal
strongholds of the religion of Gandaina, filled with
temples and shrines dedicated to heathen worship.
Within the limits of the town there were nearly a
thousand pagodas. As soon as his zavat was
built Mr. Boardman began his work with apostolic
zeal, and with a firm trust in God that this work
would not be in vain. Two converts soon rewarded
his labors, and a wide-spread interest in the hew
religion began very soon to show itself in Tavoy.

In the family of Mr. Boardman there lived a man
in middle life, once a slave, but now free through
the kindness of the missionaries, who had bought
his freedom. This man was a Karen, Ko Thah-
byu by name. He belonged to a race amonir whom
Mr. Boardman was to gain a multitude of converts
to the Christian religion. This people are found
in the forests and mountains of Burmah and Siam,
and in some sections of China. The name by which
they are known is Kanairs or Karens, which means
wild men. They seem to have been singularly pre
pared to receive the gospel. It was to this inter
esting race that Mr. Boardman. assisted by his
faithful co-laborer. Ko Thah-byu, directed his prin
cipal attention in the prosecution of his missionary
work.

The constitution of Mr. Boardman, never very
strong, began to give way under the severe labors

of his missionary life. He had been entreated
once more to visit the Karens in their villages, and
administer to the new converts the sacred rite of
Christian baptism. In spite of his feeble health
he determined to yield to their request. Lying on
a cot borne on the shoulders of the Karens, and
accompanied by Mrs. Boardman, and Mr. and Mrs.
Mason, who had lately arrived at Tavoy, he set
out on his journey. Three days they toiled slowly
on through the valleys and over the hills of Bur
mah, and reached at length the zayat which the
faithful disciples had built for them. " It stood.
says Prof. Gammell, " on the margin of a beautiful
stream, at the foot of a range of mountains, whose
sloping sides were lined with the villages of the
strange people whom they had come to visit. More
than a hundred were already assembled at the zayat,
nearly half of whom were candidates for baptism.
At the close of the day. just as the sun was sinking
behind the mountains, his cot was placed at the
river-side, in the midst of the solemn company that
was gathered to witness the first baptism which
that ancient mountain-stream had ever beheld. As
he gazed in silent gratitude upon the scene, he felt
that his work was finished, his last promise to these
scattered disciples was now fulfilled, and he Avas
ready to depart in peace." The next day the mis
sionaries started to return to Tavoy. hoping to
reach the home of Mr. Boardman. so that he might
die beneath his own roof, but it was ordered other
wise. Before the close of the second day s journey
the end had come, and the weary spirit passed to
its home in the skies. The event took place Feb.
II. 1831. The remains were taken to Tavoy and
laid in a tomb, in what was at one time a Buddhist
grave. How much had been crowded into that
brief thirty years life! What trains of holv in
fluence were set in motion within the few short
years of that missionary career ! We may, as a
denomination, be truly grateful to God that he
gave us so pure, so holy, so thoroughly consecrated
a pioneer in the early missions among the Burmese
and the Karens.

Boardman, Rev. SylvanilS, father of the hon
ored missionary. George Dana Boardman, and
grandfather of Rev. G. D. Boardman. D.D., of
Philadelphia, was born in Chilmark, Mass., Sept.
1 "). 17~7. In early life his religious connection was
with the Congregationalists, but in 1793 he changed
his sentiments and became a Baptist. In February,
1802, he was ordained pastor of the church with
which he originally united, the First Baptist church
in Livermore, Me. Here he remained not far from
eight years, 1802-10. when he was called to the
pastoral charge of the church in North Yarmouth,
Me. With this church he continued until 181G,
and then accepted a call to New Sharon, Me. Of
the church in this place he was pastor about twenty-

110

JiOLLKS

seven years, when lie was compelled, on account of
feelile heath and the infirmities of age, to resign,
lie lived to a good old age. and died in New Sharon,
March 16, 1845.
Bodenbender, Rev. Conrad. The subject of

this sketch was born -July !&lt;&gt;. 1^2, S, in lleskem.
Ilesse-Cassel, Germany. He was brought up in the
Lutheran faith, and confirmed when he was four
teen vears old. In the twenty.-second year of his
age he met with Baptists, and was convvrted. On
the H&gt;th of Jane, at midnight, he was baptized
upon profession of his faith. Baptism could not
at that time be administered in daylight on account
of fierce persecution. Emigrating to America in
IS 4 .). Mr. .Bodenbender remained for two years in
Buffalo. X. Y., working as a cabinet-maker. At
the expiration of that time, feeling called to pi-each,
he entered the German Department of Rochester
Theological Seminary, pursuing his studies from
1S54 to 1S5S. His first charge was in Newark,
N. J., where he was ordained pastor of the German
Baptist church in September, 1856. Since leaving
Newark he has been pastor successively over the
German churches of Tavistock and Berlin, Ontario,
and Chicago, 111. Since 1873 Mr. Bodenbender has
been the honored pastor of the First German church
in Buffalo, N. Y. Calm and thoughtful, scriptural
in his method of sermonizing, genial in social inter
course, unblamable in character, Mr. Bodenbender
is widely known and highly esteemed in the Ger
man churches.

Boise, James Robinson, Ph.D., D.D., LL.D.
Dr. Boise was born in Blandford, Hampshire Co.,
Mass., Jan. 27, 1815. He was descended from a
French family, which took refuge from persecution,
with many of the Huguenots, in the north of Ire
land, and afterwards emigrated to New England.
His grandfather was the second white child born
in his native town. His father, Enos Boise, was
for many years the only Baptist in Blandford. and
was in intimate relations with Gurdon Robins
and Elisha Cushman, prominent Baptists of Con
necticut, and founders of the Christian Secretary.
On the side of his mother, Alice Robinson, he was
related to Edward Robinson, the eminent Biblical
scholar. At the age of sixteen he was baptized,
and not long afterwards repaired to Hamilton
Seminary, now Madison University, to begin a
course of classical studies. After about three years
spent iu Hamilton he entered Brown University,
where he graduated in 1840. He was then elected
tutor, and three years later assistant Professor of
Ancient Languages. In 1850 he resigned his posi
tion in Brown University, and spent a year in Ger
many and six months in Greece and Italy. On his
return home he again took a position in Brown
University, but six months later accepted an invi
tation to the University of Michigan as Professor

of the Greek Language and Literature. Here he
remained till Jan. 1, 1868, when he accepted the
Professorship of Greek in the University of Chicago.
In 1877 he was called to the chair of New Testa
ment Interpretation in the Baptist Union Theologi
cal Seminary, which he still occupies.

JAMES ROIilNSOX BOISK, PIU.)., D.D., LL.D.

In 1868, Professor Boise received the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Tu
bingen, in Germany. In the same year the degree
of Doctor of Laws was conferred by the University
of Michigan, and in 1879 that of Doctor of Divinity
by Brown University.

The reputation of Dr. Boise rests chiefly upon his
success as a teacher, and as editor of Greek classical
authors. He is best known as editor of portions
of Homer, Herodotus, Thucydides. Xenophon.
Plato, and Demosthenes, and also as author of
u Exercises in Greek Composition. His attention
is now turned towards similar labors in connection
with the New Testament. His editions of classical
works are valued for their critical accuracy and
their scholarly finish, alike in versions of the text
and in annotations. As a teacher. Dr. Boise is
stimulating, skillful, and exact, a born educator.
In the wide circle of his personal friends he is
valued for qualities of sterling excellence as a
Christian and as a man.

Bolles, Augustus, son of Rev. David and Su
sannah (Moore) Bolles, was born in Ashford,
Conn.. Dec. 28, 1776; inherited superior powers;
received a good education : commenced preaching
in February, 1810; ordained pastor of the Baptist
church in Tolland, Conn., in May, 1814; in May,

BOLLKS

111

BOLLKS

1818, settled with the church in Bloomfield, and re
mained till 1825, when impaired health from severe
labor induced his removal to Hartford; preached
for several years to destitute churches ; for about
four y*&gt;ars ably conducted the denominational paper
of the State, the Christian Secretary ; in 1837 re
moved to Indiana and organized a Baptist church
at La Porte; returned to Connecticut, and in 1839
began to preach at Colchester; supplied the church
for some years, but refused settlement. He was
a rare scholar and preacher ; died in Colchester.

Bolles, David, son of Enoch and grandson of
John Bolles, was born in New London. Conn.,
Jan. 14. 1743; married, Jan. 10, 1765, Susannah
Moore, of New London, and moved to Ash ford
(now Eastford), Conn.; in October, 1797, in his
fiftieth year, was ordained an evangelist at the
annual meeting of the Stonington Union Associa
tion ; preached the gospel to destitute churches in
the vicinity of Ash ford ; in June, 1801, settled
with the First Baptist church in Hartford, and re
mained two years ; chose to labor with country
churches that were destitute ; left four sons,
Judge David Bolles and three Baptist preachers.

Bolles, Hon. James G., son of Rev. Matthew,

was born in Eastford (then Ashford), Conn., Jan.
17, 1802; when fifteen, entered a printing-office in
Bridgeport, Conn., and remained till twenty ; went
to Boston, Mass., and was partner in the firm that
published the Christian Watchman; in 1825 settled
in Hartford, Conn., for a time as clerk ; became
secretary of the Hartford Fire Insurance Com
pany ; then president of the North American In
surance Company ; under President Lincoln was
collector of internal revenue in first Connecticut
district ; converted in 1840; baptized Jan. 24, 1841 ;
united with First Baptist church in Hartford ;
chosen deacon Feb. 4, 1845 ; was noted for benevo
lence, purity, courtesy, and consistent piety ; in
Dr. 11. Trumbull s writings he is sketched as the
" Christian gentleman" ; discriminating reader of
books ; greatly beloved ; was successful in busi
ness ; acquired wealth ; gave largely -. made legacies
to benevolent objects ; died March 27, 1871, aged
sixty-nine years.

Bolles, John, son of Thomas Bolles, was born
in New London. Conn., in 1678; dissatisfied with
the views of the standing order, he adopted those
of the Baptists, and was baptized by John Rogers,
the founder of the ; Rogerene sect 1 ; engaged with
tongue and pen in theological discussions : he was
of vigorous mind and great earnestness; published
several books and tracts devoted to the cause of re
ligious liberty ; was the grandfather of the evan
gelist, David Bolles ; died in 1767, in his ninetieth
year; was a pioneer in bringing into Connecticut
freedom of conscience.

Bolles, Hon. John Augustus, LL.D., son of

Rev. Matthew Bolles, a Baptist minister, was horn
in Ashford, now Eastford. Conn., April 16, 1809.
He entered Amherst College in 1825, where he
spent two years, and then became a student in
Brown University, where he was graduated with
high honor in the class of 1S29. For a short time
after leaving college he was principal of the pre
paratory department of the Columbian College,
Washington. He studied law in the office of Hon.
Richard Fletcher, in Boston, and was admitted to
the bar of Suffolk in 1833. and soon acquired dis
tinction both as a lawyer and a man of letters.
For several years he was a member of the Massa
chusetts Board of Education. When the Boston
Daily Journal was commenced, in 1X,"&gt;3, he was one
of its original editors. In 1S34 he wrote the prize
essay for the American Peace Society ; the same
year he was appointed Secretary of State for Massa
chusetts. He continued in the practice of his pro
fession in Boston and occupied in literary pursuits
until the breaking out of the civil war. when he re
ceived an appointment on the military staff of Gen.
John A. J)ix. While serving in this capacity he
was appointed judge-advocate of the Seventh Army
Corps, and provost-judge, with the rank of major.
Subsequently his rank was raised to that of lieu
tenant-colonel, and he received the appointment
of solicitor of the navy and naval judge-ad vocate-
general, and was stationed at Washington, where he
died. May 25, 1878.

At all periods of his life, says Prof. Gammell,
" Mr. Bolles was exceedingly fond of literary stud
ies. His published writings, besides those which
were official, are numerous, and are scattered
through many of the leading magazines and jour
nals of the day, the most considerable of which are
the North American Jtevieiv, the Christian Jfeciew,
and the Atlantic Monthly. He was also the author
of an essay on " Usury and Usury Laws/ which
was published by the Boston Chamber of Com
merce, and led to important modifications of the
laws on this subject then existing in Massachusetts.
He received from Brown University, in 1866, the
honorary degree of Doctor of Laws.

Bolles, Lucius, D.D., was born in Ashford,
Conn., Sept. 25. 1799, of godly parents, who spared
no pains in his early religious education. lie be
came a member of Brown University in 1797, and
graduated under President Maxcy in 1801. His
conversion took place in one of the vacations of
his college course, and he decided to turn his at
tention to the gospel ministry. For nearly three
years he pursued his theological studies under Dr.
Stillman,at the same time making himself familiar
with the practical duties of the profession to which
he meant to devote his future life. Having com
pleted his term of study, he accepted an invitation
to become the pastor of the recently-formed First

BOLLES

112

BOOMER

Baptist church in Salem, Mass., and was ordained
on the 9th of January, 1805. The result of such
a course of procedure was most happy. The new
society greatly prospered, and in a year from the
time of their pastor s ordination entered a new.
and for the times elegant, edifice, which, remodeled
and improved from time to time, is now the beau
tiful house of worship of the First church in Salem.
The ministry of Dr. Bolles continued for twentv-
two years, and was a singularly happy one. In
very many respects it was a model pastorate, re
garded as such by the church he so long and so
faithfully served, even down to the present day.
There were 512 added to the church during the first
twenty years of his ministry. The little church of
24 members had grown to be two bands, a flourish
ing colony having gone out to constitute a second
Baptist church in Salem.

In the earlier stages of that grand movement
which took its origin from the appeals of Judson
and Rice to the Baptist churches to enter with
heartier zeal into the work of foreign missions, Dr.
Bolles took the Avarmest interest. At his sugges
tion, as far back as 1812. a society had been formed
for the purpose of aiding in the translation of the
Holy Scriptures into the Eastern languages, under
the supervision of Dr. Cavev. This society was
called the Salem Bible Translation and Foreign
Missionary Society, and was among the earliest
organizations in the denomination having for its
object the conversion of the world to Christ. And
when, at length, the rising tide of sentiment and
thorough conviction of the duty of the church to
carry out the last commission of her ascending
Lord, assumed more definite shape and outline in
the formation of a foreign missionary society, it
was not surprising that the eyes of his brethren
were turned to Dr. Bolles as a most suitable person
to be its corresponding secretary. lie received his
appointment to that office in 1826, and discharged
its onerous and often delicate duties for more than
sixteen years with a devotion which seemed never
to tire, and a zeal which no discouragement could
dampen. How much the cause of foreign mis
sions owes to his prudence and discretion and good
common sense the records of eternity alone will
disclose.

Having most faithfully served his generation by
the will of God, the good man fell asleep in Jesus.
His death occurred Jan. 5, 1844.

Bolles, Rev. Matthew, son of Rev. David and
Susannah (Moore) Bolles, was born in Ash ford,
Conn., April 21, 1769 ; had a good education ; in
early and middle life engaged in secular business ;
in 1812 began to preach in Pleasant Valley, Lyme,
Conn., where he was ordained and settled in June,
1813, remaining till 1816. his labors being greatly
blessed; from 1817 to 1838 was successively pastor

of churches in Fairfield, Conn., Mil ford. N. II.,
Marblehead and West Bridgewater, Mass. : an elo
quent, effective preacher, mighty in prayer; died
in Hartford, of typhus fever, Sept. 26, 1838, in his
seventieth year.

Bond, Prof. Emmons Paley, son of Joseph and

Esther (Ford) Bond, was born in Canterbury. Conn.,
Sept. 6, 1824: in 1840 taught a school in To41and,
where he was converted ; baptized in November,
1840, by Rev. Sylvester Barrows, and united with
the Tolland Baptist church : fitted for college in
the ( onnecticnt Literary Institution ; entered Brown
I niversity in 1846. and graduated in 1851, mean
while having been an assistant teacher in the
Worcester Academy from February, 1840. to Au
gust, 1850; studied for the ministry at the Hamilton
Theological Seminary, N. Y. : in October, 1852,
settled with the Baptist church in New Britain.
Conn.: ordained Dec. 2, I8f&gt;2. and remained till
August. 1805: during this pastorate, from Novem
ber. 1864. to May. 1865, was chaplain of the 14th
Conn. Vols. in the Army of the Potomac; became
principal of the Connecticut Literary Institution at
Suffield, and filled that chair five years : in October,
1870, settled with the Baptist church in Agawam,
Mass., and remained about three years; in 1873
was chosen Professor of Latin, Greek. Intellectual
and Moral Philosophy in Peddie Institute, N. J.,
and after three years became acting principal : in
May, 1879, settled with the Baptist church in
Wethersfield, Conn., where he now (1880) labors;
wrote the Sunday-school Expositions for the Chris
tian Era, of Boston, from January, 1873, to De
cember, 1875; a man of universal talent and
strength.

Bond, Rev. William P., son of Lewis Bond,
was born in Bertie Co.. N. C., Oct. 16, 1813. He
professed religion at Chapel Hill, in 1831, and
was bapti/ed by Dr. Hooper; united with Mount
Carmel church in 1832 ; moved to Tennessee in
1837, and settled in Brownsville, and engaged in
the legal profession ; was elected judge of the Cir
cuit Court in 1865, which office he held until 1871 ;
January, 1871, was ordained to the gospel minis
try ; Presbytery, Revs. G. W. Young, Mat, Hills-
man, I. R. Branham, and J. F. B. Mays ; and he
became pastor of the Brownsville Baptist church,
which position he held for three years. Brother
Bond as a judge wore the ermine with great dig
nity. As a speaker he is fluent and impressive.
His moral character is unsurpassed. His attain
ments are of the first order, and yet he is very
modest and unpretending. He was at one time the
president of the West Tennessee Baptist Conven
tion, and he was elected the president of the Ten
nessee Baptist Convention at its organization.

Boomer, Rev. Job Borden, was bom in Fall
River. Mass., Sept. 8, 1793, his father being the

BOOXE

113

BOOSE

pastor of the Baptist church in Charlton. Mass.,
for thirty years. He was ordained in Sutton.
Mass.. June 9, 1819. and like his father had a long
and useful pastorate in one church, his connection
with it continuing twenty-four years. At the end
of this period he resigned, and subsequently sus
tained the pastoral relation to two other churches,
the one in East Brookfield. Mass., and the other
in Uxbridge, Mass. lie spent his last days in
Worcester, where he died Aug. 16, 1864. In that
part of his native State in which he passed his min
isterial life his name is held in high esteem, and his
saintly virtues will long be cherished by the many
to whom he broke the broad of life.

BoOIie, Col. Daniel, the celebrated hunter and
explorer, though a Baptist in principle, was never
in communion with any church. He was a man
of great integrity, enlarged charity to his race, and
profound reverence to God. His bravery was un
daunted, and he was almost womanly in the gentle
ness and amiability of his manners. His love of
the beauties of nature, rather than his fondness
for advent.:: - e. led him to spend most of his life in
the great forests of the West. He explored Ken
tucky in 1769-71. moved to the Territory in 177").
About 1795 he went to Missouri, where he died
Sept. 26. 1820. in the eighty-sixth year of his age.
His remains and those of his wife were removed
to Kentucky and interred in the State cemetery at
Frankfort in 1845.

Boone, Rev. J. B., was born in Northampton
Co.. X. C.. Oct. 1. 1836 ; baptized at thirteen ; went
to Wake Forest College in 186H; served in the
army during the war : was ordained in 1*67 : spent
two years at the theological seminary at Green
ville. S. C. : was pastor in Charlotte : was the first
principal of a graded school in Xorth Carolina:
has been for several years pastor at Statesville and
Salisbury: is moderator of the South Yadkin As
sociation : a man of solid worth, strong faith, and
unflagging perseverance. Mr. Boone is a trustee
of Wake Forest College.

Boone, Hon. Levi D., M.D. Since 1836 Dr.
Boone has been a resident of Chicago: at present,
therefore, one of its oldest, as he is one of its most
respected citizens. lie was a native of Kentucky,
and grand-nephew of the famous Daniel Boone. lie
was born Dec. 8. 1808. His father died while the son
was still but a boy, his death being the ultimate
effect of a wound received at the battle of Horseshoe
Bend, in Kentucky. In 1829. Dr. Boone removed
to Illinois, his home being first at Edwardsville,
where he entered the office of Dr. B. F. Edwards,
subsequently at Hillsborough. Upon the breaking
out of the Black Hawk war, Dr. Boone at once
offered his services, the first man in his county to
do so, and in command of a company of cavalry
served till the close of the war. In 1836. as men

tioned above, he made his home at Chicago, where
he has since resided.

Dr. Bonne as a physician was successful and be
loved. During the three cholera years, 1848, 1849,
and 1850. lie served as city physician, filling that
position of exposure and exhausting labor to emi
nent acceptance. He was. however, early called to
positions of public service apart from his profession :
for three terms, a period of six years, as alderman
of the city, and in 1855 as mayor. It was during
his mayoralty that the improvements of various
kinds which so much changed the character of Chi
cago as a place of residence were either commenced
or so organized as to secure their rapid prosecution :
the high school and reform school were also estab
lished, while in the same period that growth in
population began which made Chicago the marvel
of American cities. In all posts of public service,
and in his relation to public questions of every
kind. Dr. Boone has commanded universal respect
as a patriotic citizen and an able administrator.
During the war. notwithstanding his Southern
birth, he took his position upon the right side, and
was conspicuous by his activity in behalf of the
irovernmont. Dr. Boone has associated with his
medical practice extensive business relations, and
of late years these latter have chiefly occupied him.
In all such he has ever been respected for his
sagacity and integrity, and even amidst the reverses
consequent upon disasters that have befallen the
citv, has borne himself resolutely and with fidelity
to every manner of trust.

Dr. Boone was one of the earliest members of
the First Baptist church in Chicago, and during
many rears was a deacon in that church, one of
the most liberal, active, and valued of the entire
body. For some years past he has been a member
of the Michigan Avenue church. In all the enter
prises of the denomination centring at Chicago he
has influentially shared, giving largely of his means
and holding a foremost place in all denominational
councils. He was one of the incorporators of the
university at Chicago, and during nearly the entire
history of that institution has been perhaps the
most influential man upon its board of trustees,
contributing generously to its funds. Among the
Baptist laymen of Illinois Dr. Boone s name should
stand with those which it is almost a denomina
tional duty and privilege to hold in lasting remem
brance.

Boone, Rev. Squire, a celebrated explorer of
Kentucky, son of Squire Boone. and brother of
the famous hunter. Col. Daniel Boone. was born in
Berks Co.. Pa,, in 1737. Soon after his birth his
parents removed to Xorth Carolina, and settled on
the Yadkin, eight miles from Wilkesborough.
Here he remained until 177". It is not known at
! what period he united with the church or when he

jwonr

114

began to preach, but it was previous to his re
moving to the West. The first day of May. 176 ( .l.
Daniel Boone and live other men set out from the
Yadkin "to explore the wilderness of America in
quest of the country called Kentucky." On the
7th of -June thev first sa\v from an eminence " the
beautiful level" of Kentucky. They spent the
summer ami fall in hunting. The other members
of the company having returned home. IJoone and
Steward were captured by the Indians. December
2:2. After seven days they escaped and returned
to cam]) on Red River. "About this time." says
Boone, in his autobiography, "my brother. Squire
Boone, with another adventurer, who came to ex
plore the country shortly after us, . . . accidentally
found our camp." "Our meeting, fortunately in
the wilderness, jfave us the most sensible satisfac
tion. Soon after this -John Steward was killed by
the savages, and the man that came with my
brother returned home." The two brothers, now
left alone, built "a cottage," and spent the winter
in hunting. On the 1st of May, 1770, Squire
Boone, unaccompanied, returned to his home for
horses and ammunition, and rejoined his brother
on the 27th of July. The two brothers explored
the country together as far west as the Cumber
land River, giving names to the different rivers.
In March, 1771. the brothers returned to Xorth
Carolina. In the summer of 1775 they again
moved to Kentucky, and settled in a fort on the
south bank of the Kentucky River, in what is now
Madison County. The first marriage of white
people in Kentucky was that of Samuel Henderson
to Betsy Galloway, and was celebrated by Squire
Boone, Aug. 7, 1776. Squire Boone remained in
the fort atBoonesborough until 1779, when lie built
a fort in what is now Shelby Co., Ky. He was
prominent in the political affairs, of Kentucky, a
member of the Transylvania Convention, and a
delegate from the Territory of Kentucky to the
Virginia Legislature. He moved from Shelby
County to Louisville, and a short time before his
death, which occurred in 1815, he moved across
the Ohio into Indiana Territory. His son, Squire
Boone, and his grandson, Thomas Boone, were
valuable Baptist ministers in Kentucky.

Booth, Rev. Abraham, was born in Blackwell.
Derbyshire, England, May 20, 1734. At ten years
of age he was first made to feel a deep concern for
his salvation. At twenty-one he was baptized
among the General or Arminian Baptists. They
encouraged him to preach among them. While
engaged in ministering to a church at Kirbywood
House he at first was a bitter enemy of " personal
election and particular redemption/ and he printed
a poem "in reproach" of these doctrines. When
it pleased God to open his eyes to see the whole
truth he began to plan a work that would commend

the doctrines of grace, and when he was about
thirty-three years old he published his " Reign of
Grace." Speaking of his Arminian poem, he says,
" As a poem, if considered in a critical light, it is
despicable: if in a theological view, detestable: as
it is an impotent attack on the honor of divine
grace, in respect to its glorious freeness. and bold
opposition to the sovereignty of God. and as such
I renounce it.

His "Reign of Grace was published through
the persuasions of Mr. Venn, a distinguished Epis
copal clergyman, who took copies sufficient to en
able the author to pay the printer. The publica
tion of this work was the cause of Mr. Booth s
removal to London. He was ordained pastor of
the Prcscott Street church in that city Feb. 16,
1709. In this field of labor Mr. Booth was emi
nently useful, and obtained a celebrity which will
never perish.

He was a man of vast reading in his own lan
guage and in Latin, and he was justly reputed one
of the most learned men of his day. His friend
Dr. Newman says, " As a divine he was a star of
the first magnitude, and one of the brightest orna
ments of the Baptist denomination to which he be-
lono-ed. Firm in his attachment to his religious

principles, he despised the popular cant about
charity, and cultivated genuine candor, which is
alike remote from the laxity of latitudinarians and
the censoriousness of bigots. 1 His " Reign of
Grace, and indeed all his works, will continue to
instruct and delight the Christian world till the
end of time.

He was instrumental in founding Stepney Col
lege, which has been such a blessing to the British
Baptist churches.

Mr. Booth was a man of strict integrity, of great
devoutness, and of a large knowledge of the divine
Word. Few men have served the cause of God by
their writings, sermons, counsels, and example
more effectively than Abraham Booth. He died
Jan. 27, 1806, in his seventy-third year, after a
pastorate of thirty-seven years in London. He
was the author of eight works, besides a number
of printed sermons; some of these works have
passed through many editions.

Booth, Rev. A. H., a leading minister in Mis
sissippi, was born in Virginia in 1822, and began
to preach in Tennessee in 1845. For many years
he has exerted a wide influence in Mississippi in
building up and strengthening the churches.

Booth, Rev. C. 0. About thirty-eight years of
asie, reared under favorable circumstances, liber
ally educated, first studied and practiced medicine,
then pastor at Citronville. then at Talladega, now
in Montgomery. Has labored some among the col
ored people of the State as a missionary ; a grace
ful speaker, a gifted preacher, apt in the selection

BORUM

115

no H

of language, and though a man of feeble health,
his services have been of distinguished value in
organizing the interests of colored Baptists in Ala
bama.

Borum, Joseph Henry, D.D., son of Deacon
James and Martha (Tucker) Borum, was born in

JOSEPH HENRY BORUM, D.D.

Prince Edward Co., Va., July 20, 18 1C. His
parents were highly respectable. Both were mem
bers of the Baptist church of Christ. His father
and family moved from Virginia to Tennessee,
December. 1S2S, Joseph being then twelve years
old. and settled in Wilson County, eight miles
east of Lebanon, where he remained three years ;
and in December, 1831, he removed to Tipton
County, where he resided up to the time of his
death, which occurred March 29, 1843.

After devoting a number of years to mercantile
pursuits, Mr. Borum, on Sept. 20, 1836, made a
public profession of religion among the Methodists.
There being no Baptist church nearer than fifteen
miles, he was over-persuaded by his Methodist
friends to unite with them, having the promise of
the preacher in charge to immerse him, with which,
however, he never complied. The next Conference
sent another preacher, to whom he communicated
the fact that he had joined the Methodists with the
express understanding that he was to be immersed.
The preacher now in charge put it off from time to
time. A sermon against immersion by the pre
siding elder taught Mr. Borum his duty, and a few
days after he heard it he presented himself to
Beaver Creek church. Fayette Co., Term., for mem
bership, where he was cordially received, but at the

time it had no pastor. He was referred to Rev.
Peter S. Gayle, then living near Brownsville,
Tenn.. to baptize him, who, on Aug. 17, 1837, near
Covington, Tenn., buried him witli Christ in bap
tism. The Beaver Creek church being without a
pastor, and having no regular meetings, he could
not be licensed to preach. Impressed with the
duty of calling sinners to repentance, he conferred
with several brethren on the subject, who urged
him to go forward and preach the irospel. So. on
the third Lord s day in September, one month after
his baptism, he preached his first sermon at Liberty
meeting-house, Tipton Co., Tenn., forty years a^o.
On March 24, 1S39, a church was organized at
Covington, Tenn., of which he was a constituent
member. He was chosen clerk at its organiza
tion, and soon after he was elected deacon. lie
was ordained to the gospel ministry by the Cov
ington church on the 21st day of September, 1845.
Xot long after this he removed to Durhamville,
Lauderdale Co., Tenn., and united with the Elon
church, and became associated with Kev. Geo. W.
Young, the pastor of said church, worshiping in
Haywood County. Durhamville was then the only
Regular Baptist church in Lauderdale County. Mr.
Young and he rode and preached together (mainly
in Lauderdale County) for about three years, when
they had to separate to take charge of churches
which they had constituted. There are now twenty
Baptist churches, white and colored, in the same
county. Mr. Borum and Mr. Young never engaged
in union meetings, nor did they invite Pedobaptist
ministers into their pulpits to preach, regarding
this practice as inconsistent with Bible teachings
and injurious to the truth. By pursuing this
straightforward and consisten-t course the Lord
abundantly blessed their labors. Mr. Borum has
served the following churches : Elon, Grace, Ripley,
Covington, Dyersburg, Newborn, Stanton, Mount
Olive, Harmony, Society Hill, Salem, and Poplar
Grove, in Tennessee, and also Osceola, Ark. lie
had charge of the Elon church for about twenty-
eight years, first and last. He served the Covington
church about fifteen years, and the Dyersburg
church ten years. He and Kev. G. W. Young
assisted in the organization of Elon, Salem, Iler-
mon, Grace (Pleasant Plains, in conjunction witli
Kev. M. G. Turner), and Ripley, in Lauderdale
County, Dyersburg, in Dyer County. Rev. J. II.
Borum has acted as agent for the Brownsville Fe
male College, and the West Tennessee Baptist
Convention and the Southern Baptist Publication
Society. Memphis. Tenn. He has been clerk of
Big Hatchie Association for twenty-eight years,
and moderator for two years ; and he has acted as
secretary of the West Tennessee Baptist Convention
and the Tennessee Baptist Convention for thirty
years. He is now engaged in writing the history

BOST1CK

of the Baptist ministers of Tennessee (living and
dead) by the request of his brethren of the State.
He is a " Lii&lt;l-niarkcr," deeming their practice as
most consistent, and most agreeable to the teach
ings of God s Word. He has removed to Dyersburg,
Dyer Co., Tenn.. where he expects to finish his
rourse. He is now (ISSU) the pastor of Dyers-
bur&lt;i, Elon, Newborn, and Poplar * irove cliurches.
Bostick, Rev. Joseph M., a native of Beaufort,
now Hampton Co., S. C. He grew up surrounded

REV. JOSEPH M. BOSTICK.

by every luxury and advantage that wealth could
afford, yet remarkably free from the vices too often
incident to his station in life. He graduated at
Furman University. Greenville. S. C., and at Prince
ton Theological Seminary. He was for several
years pastor at Cheraw, S. C. He now ministers
to the church at Barmvell, S. C., where he is greatly
beloved.

Naturally an utter stranger to fear, it is well for
him and others that he was converted in early life.
His vehemence was at once turned into a new chan
nel. His piety is more like that of Paul and John
than the cold and respectable type now so common.
Generosity is. perhaps, even a fault in him. His
talents, superior literary attainments, and his de
voted piety fit him eminently for usefulness in a
far higher position than he has ever occupied. His
modesty has kept him in the background, while
others without a tithe of his qualifications have
occupied more conspicuous positions.

Bostick, Rev. W. M., was born in Richmond
Co., N. C. ; attended an academy in Carthage at
eighteen ; was baptized by Rev. A. D. Blackwood

116 BOSTON

in August, 1853 ; read theology for two years with
the Rev. Archibald McQueen, a Presbyterian min
ister ; was ordained by a Presbytery, consisting of
Revs. Enoch Crutchfield, John Mercer, Nath. Rich
ardson, and F. M. Jordan, and has been, since
1S71, the moderator of the Pee Dee Association.

Boston, First Baptist Church. On the 7th of
Tune, ISO"), the First church in Boston celebrated
its two hundredth anniversary.

On the 28th of the third month, 1GG5, in Charles-
town. Mass., the church of Christ, commonly,
though falsely, called Anabaptists, were gathered
together, and entered into fellowship and commu
nion with each other ; engaging to walk together
in all the appointments of their Lord and Master,
the Lord Jesus Christ, as far as he should be pleased
to make known his mind and will unto them, by
his Word and Spirit, and then were baptized." Here
follows the names of sundry persons who, with
others from Old England of like faith, formed them
selves into a Baptist church. Such is the first
record on the books of the First Baptist church in
Boston. The " third month" here alluded to dates
from the 1st of March, according to the old reck
oning, and taking into the account the change from
the " old style" to the " new style," we are brought
to the 7th of June, as corresponding to " the 28th
of the third month."

The little band of disciples of Christ began at
once to feel the rigor of ecclesiastical persecution.
Having erected what we doubt not was a plain, un
pretending house of worship, they were, by legal
enactment, forbidden to use it for religious pur
poses. Orders were issued to the marshal to see to
it that its doors were not opened, and in the faith
ful performance of his duty he caused to be nailed
up on the door this interesting order :

"All persons are to take notice, that by order of
the court the doors of this house are shut up, and
that they are inhibited to hold any meeting therein,
or to open the doors thereof, without license from
authority, till the court take further order, as they
will answer the contrary at their peril.

EDWARD RAWSO.V, Secretary."
In vain they protested against such treatment,
and pointed out the inconsistency of those who had
fled from persecution in the Old World resorting
to it in the New. A public disputation was ap
pointed by the governor, with the hope that the
obstinate Baptists might be convinced of their error,
and come into the more respectable and the more
orderly fold of the " standing order. 1 The time set
apart to hold this important discussion was nine
o clock in the morning of April 14, 1668. " The
Baptists." says Dr. Neale, " were on hand promptly
at the appointed hour, each with his New Testa
ment, ready marked, and the leaves turned down.
Nothing pleased them better than an opportunity

BOSTON

117

BOSTON

for free speech and Scripture quotations. They
came from all quarters. Three brethren were sent
from the church in Xewport to assist their brethren
in Boston, it was said, though the Boston Baptists
then, as now, felt abundantly competent to manage
their own affairs. Providence, no doubt, was ably
represented. The followers of Roger Williams were
always courageous, and like the sons of Rhode
Island in the late conflict, were never known to flee
or flinch in the presence of an enemy." And yet
after all the flourish of arms," the poor Baptists
were regarded as miserable heretics, whom learned
divines might lecture, but to whom they were not
permitted to reply. Their cause was already pre
judged before the appointed hearing commenced.

As the years rolled by, and a more liberal spirit
began to spread through the community, the
severity of persecution wtis mitigated. The first
pastor of the church was Thomas Gould. He was
followed by Isaac Hull, both of them being assisted
in their work by John Russell. Pastors and asso
ciate " elders seem to have been the order of things
for several years. We come down to the time of
the ordination of Elisha Cullender, a young man of
much promise, who had graduated from Harvard
College in the class of 1810, and was set apart to
the work of the gospel ministry May 21, 1718. Mr.
Callender was the greatly beloved pastor (if the
church for twenty years, and died March 31. 1738.
His last words were. " I shall sleep in Jesus."

The next pastor was Rev. Jeremiah Lundy ?
who held the office for twenty-five years. lie was
followed by Samuel Stillman. D.I)., of whose pas
torate the reader will find a full account in the bio
graphical sketch of him in this volume. Dr. Neale
says of him, No pastor before or since was ever
more beloved bv his church. His popularity was
uninterrupted, and greater, if possible, in his old
age than in his youth. A few individuals who
sat under his ministry, ami who were quite young
when he was an old man, still survive. They never
weary of talking about him, and even now speak
of .this as Dr. Stillman s church. They looked at
the venerable pastor not only with the profoundest
respect, but with the observant eye of childhood.
They noticed and remembered everything in his ex
ternal appearance, his wig and gown and bands,
his horse and carriage, and negro man Jephtha,
how he walked, how he talked, how he baptized,
the peculiar manner in which he began his prayers,
"0 thon Father of mercies and God of all grace.
" Dr. Stillman," continues Dr. Neale, " was
probably the most popular orator of his day. The
most distinguished men in the Commonwealth were
often present at his public services. The elder
President Adams was a delighted listener to his
sermons. Governor Hancock became, in the latter
part of his life, a regular member of his congrega

tion. Persons who cared nothing for his theology
were attracted bv his fame as a public speaker. A
strange gentleman of this class was one day present
at church, and seemed restless and uneasy under
the strong doctrines of human depravity, divine
.sovereignty, and future retribution that were often
on the preacher s lips. On the present occasion his
denunciations of sin had been unusually pointed
and scathing. Really, the gentleman remarked,
as he went out of the sanctuary, the doctor makes
us all out a set of rascals, but he does it so grace
fully and eloquently that I am not disposed to find
fault. " Dr. Stillman died on the 12th of March,
1807.

The Rev. Joseph Clay, of Georgia, who had been
called to be a colleague with Dr. Stillman, entered
upon his duties as sole pastor of the church, and
was installed as such in the August succeeding
the death of his predecessor. He preached to the
church, however, only a year, and then his health
giving way, he resigned and returned to his native
South. James Manning Winchell was the suc
cessor of Mr. Clay. Notice of his ministry will be
found in the sketch under his name. The same may
be said of the ministry of his successor, Francis
Wayland. Rev. Cyrus P. Grosvenor was the next
pastor, continuing in office for nearly four years.
He was followed by Rev. William Hague, who was
installed Feb. 5, 1831. and resigned at the end of
six years to go to the First Church, in Providence.
\ R. I. His successor was llollin Heber Neale. D.D.,
who was installed Sept. 27. 1837, and continued
sole pastor of the church, which has been remark-
ablv blessed under his long ministry, until its union
with the Shawmut Avenue church, in 1S77, at the
time of the writing of this sketch. Rev. Dr. Crane,
for many years pastor of the Second Baptist church,
in Hartford, Conn., is the pastor of the united
churches, which retained the old and honored name,
" The First Baptist church of Boston.

Boston, Rev. S. C., was born near Rchoboth,
Somerset Co.. Md.. Aug. 23. 1820. For three years
he pursued his studies at the Baptist Seminary
(Richmond College), Va.. and then entered the
Columbian College, where he graduated in 1845.
He entered at once on the work of the ministry,
and for several years labored as missionary under
the board of the Maryland Union Association, in
the lower part of the Eastern Shore of Maryland.
Mr. Boston was instrumental in building several
church edifices in the State, and in repairing and
beautifving others. From 1857 to 1859 he was
pastor of the Second Baptist church in Petersburg.
Ya. : from 1800 to 18C&gt;7. pastor of the church in
Farmville. Ya. : from 18(37 to 18(&gt;9, pastor of the
Lee Street church, Baltimore: from 1870 to 1872-
pastor of the church at Frenchtown, N. J. ; and
from 1872 to 1877. pastor of the Bruington church,

BOS WORTH

118

BOSWORTH

Va. In 1877 he entered on the pastorate of the
Onancock cliurrli, Accomac Co., Va., where lie
still labors. .Mr. Boston has been greatly blessed
in his labors, having baptized nearly 300 persons,
and having trained his churches to the performance
of all good works. He has been an occasional
contributor to the religious papers and periodicals,
and is deeply interested in all the educational
movements of the denomination. Mr. Boston is
the father of the Rev. P. R. Boston, a successful
young minister, now settled at Hampton. A a.

Bosworth, Hon. Alfred, was born in Warren,
R. T., Jan. 2S, IS 12. Tie graduated at Brown Uni
versity, in the class of IS)};"). He studied law in
the office of Judge Haile, and was admitted to the
bar in 1838, and, after a brief residence in another
place, returned to Warren, where he practiced his
profession until the year 1854, when, on the death
of Judge Haile, he was appointed his successor as
a justice of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island.
While in the practice of his profession he con
ducted many important cases, not only in the
courts of his own State, but in the Supreme Court
of the United States, being associated with some
of the most distinguished lawyers in the country.
lie was elected a member of the corporation of
Brown University on the Baptist foundation in
1854, and for eight years was faithful in the dis
charge of his duties as a trustee of the college.
Although not a member of the Baptist church in
Warren, he was an attendant upon its worship, and
interested in all that concerned its prosperity.
.Judge Bosworth died at Warren, May 10, 1862,
aged fifty years and four months.

Bosworth, Geo. Wm., D.D., was born in Bel-
lingham. Norfolk Co., Mass., Sept. 30, 1818. His
parents were members of the Baptist church. At
the aire of thirteen he became deeply interested in
religion and united with the church, being baptized
by Rev. Calvin Newton, then the pastor, bv whose
encouragement he soon began to speak and pray in
religious meetings.

In 1831, Mr. Newton became a professor in Wa-
terville College, and the year following took young
Bosworth into his family and fitted him for college,
which he entered in the class of 1837. His col
legiate course was interrupted bv ill health, but
he was awarded graduation rank by the board of
trustees, also the degree of A.M. in 1854, and that
of D.I), in 1862. He took the regular course in
Newton Theological Institution, graduating in 1841.

In September. 1841, he was ordained as pastor
of the Baptist church in Medford. near Boston, the
church being publicly "recognized" on the same
occasion. After a successful ministry of nearly five
years in Medford, he became the pastor of the South
Baptist church in Boston, his installation occurring

1 O

March 29, 1846. Here he remained for nine years,

during which the church enjoyed prosperity. He
then removed to Portland, Me., and became pastor
of the Free Street Baptist church. February, 1855,
which connection was sustained till Sept. 3, 1865.

CEO. \VM. UOSH ORTII, D.I).

During this period Dr. Bosworth took a very active
part in the service which secured the endowment
of Waterville College, now Colby University.

To obtain a partial relief from exhausting labors
he severed his union with the Free Street church,
against their urgent remonstrances, and became
pastor of the First Baptist church in Lawrence,
Mass., Aug. 10, 1865. and remained there till the
dose of January. lSti&lt;), when lie became pastor of
the First Baptist church in Ilaverhill, commencing
his labors Feb. 7. 1869.

From his ordination till now he has not been out
of the pastoral connection for a single Sabbath.
Aside from the ministerial service he has been
much engaged in denominational activities. secre
tary of the Massachusetts Convention from 1852
to 1855 : secretary of the board of trustees of
Newton Theological Institution from 1865 till this
time : secretary and treasurer of the Maine Bap
tist Education Society from 1856 till he left the
State, in 1865; corresponding secretary of the
Northern Baptist Education Society from 1865 till
the present time. And he has been elected to fill
the place of secretary and superintendent of the
Massachusetts Baptist Convention, and has ac
cepted the appointment, having announced to the
church in Ilaverhill his purpose to close his pas
toral labors at the termination of ten years of
service.

BOTSFORD

119

Boric

Botsford, B-6V. Edmund, came to Charleston,
S. C., in 1766. November 1 of the same year he was
converted under the ministry of Oliver Hart, "a
day, says Mr. Botsford, of light, a day of joy
and peace. Having expressed a wish to enter the
ministry, he was placed under the instruction of
Mr. Williams, a learned and pious member of the
church. Mr. Hart directed his theological studies.
He was licensed in February, 1771, and ordained
March, 177-. The fathers of those days regarded,
more than we do, the injunction, " Lay hands sud
denly on no man." Dr. Manly, Sr., says, "The
young men were not ordained until they had vis
ited some of the churches and preached before the
Association and obtained their approbation."

lie labored with great acceptance in Charleston
for a time, and then traveled and preached exten
sively and with eminent success in several States.
He finally settled in Georgetown, S. C., where he was
the beloved and honored pastor for twenty-three
years. There he rested on the 25th of December,
1819, in the seventy-fifth year of his age.

Mr. Botsford had a strong faith in the Saviour s
abiding presence, and he enjoyed much of the
Spirit s power in his heart. His labors in Geor
gia were eminently blessed, and he is revered as
one of the illustrious and heaven-honored founders
of the Baptist denomination in that State, and he
has the same distinguished position in the Baptist
history of South Carolina.

Boucher, Joan, was a lady of Kent, England,
whose position in society was so exalted that she
had access to the court of Henry VIII., and for a
time held an honorable position in it. This lady
was accustomed to take Bibles into the palace for
distribution, concealed under her apparel. She
visited the persecuted in prison, and contributed
to their support and encouragement. She loved
Christ, and she received such courageous grace
from him that she feared nothing human and
nothing painful. She would defy a dozen bishops,
or as many executioners, if they attempted to com
pel her to deny her faith. Her talents made her a
serious opponent in any discussion, even though
Cramner or Ridley took the other side.

Joan was a firm Baptist, and she held a peculiar
opinion about the origin of the Saviour s body.
" You believe," said Cranmer to her. " that the
Word was made flesh in the virgin, but that Christ
took flesh of the virgin you believe not. because
the flesh of the virgin being the outward man
[was] sinfully gotten, and born in sin, but the
Word, by the consent of the inward man of the vir
gin, was made flesh." This conceit held by Joan
did not impugn the divinity or humanity of Christ,
or the maternal relations of Mary to Jesus, and
Cranmer might have safely passed it by. But she
was an Anabaptist, and she must recant or be

burned. She defended her doctrine of Christ s
purity of nature with great power and persever
ance, and the protracted efforts of two of the
ablest prelates in the Church of England failed to
make any impression upon her. She was then de
livered up to the secular power for punishment.
Cranmer had much trouble in persuading the
youthful king Edward VI. to sign her death-war
rant. He told him with tears in his eyes that if
lie did wrong, since it was in submission to his au
thority, the archbishop should answer for it before
God. " This struck him with much horror, so that
he was very unwilling to have the sentence exe
cuted." But other attempts to make Joan re
nounce her opinions were made with provoking
results ; and this distinguished Baptist was burned
to ashes almost exclusively through the efforts of
Archbishop Cranmer. She passed through the
flames to paradise May 2, lo."&gt;0, in Smithfield,
London. Her death was marked by perfect fear
lessness and by the full peace of God. In Mary s
time poor Cranmer had to drink the cup he forced
on Joan Boucher, and the lady s courage far sur
passed the archbishop s when the time of trial first
approached.
Bouic, Hon. William Veirs, was born near

Edward s Ferry, Montgomery Co., Md., May 11,

HO.V. WILLIAM VEIRS BOUIC 1 .

1818. His father s family were for many genera
tions the honored residents of Acqueville, France,
some of whom were distinguished among the clergy

BOULWARE

120

BOUTELLE

of the Roman Catholic Church of that country, and
especially Louis Doinince, who was a canon of the
Cathedral church of Rouen. Judge Bouic s father
was Peter Anable Tranquelle Bouic. who died in
Maryland in 1823. Mr. Bouic received liis early
education at a school in the neighborhood, and at
the age of twelve removing to Rockville, Md., he
attended the academy there for several year.-, and
finally graduated in the full course. Upon leaving
school lie entered the law-office of John Brewer,
Esq., Rockville. and at the termination of his course
he was admitted to the bur. Having practiced for
a while at Warrenton, Mo., he returned to Rock
ville to prosecute his profession. Judge Bouic ren
dered valuable services to his countrv during the
war by restraining violence and mitigating its ter
rible evils wherever he had the power. He is in
terested in all educational enterprises; a firm friend
of the academy in his town, and one of the over
seers of the Columbian University, at which a son
of his, a promising young lawyer, graduated with
honors. Although Judge Bouic s father was a
Catholic and his mother an Episcopalian, he. at
his conversion, united with the Baptist church in
Rockville when he was eighteen years of age. and
still is an active member of that body. He was
appointed in 1S41). by the attorney-general of the
State of Maryland, deputy attorney-general for
Montgomery County, and that office having been
abolished, lie was elected in ]S51 to the office of
State attorney for the same county for the period
of four years, which office he continued to hold and
adorn by successive elections until 1867. In that
year he was elected an associate judge of the Cir
cuit Court for the Sixth Judicial Circuit of the
State for the term of fifteen years. Judge Bouic
is ever awake to the interests of his fellow-towns
men, and has done much by his personal efforts to
make Rockville one of the most beautiful towns in
the State.

Boulware, Rev. Theodorick, was born in Vir
ginia. November 13. 1781 &gt;. He was converted at
the age of ten years. He was ordained in 1810. lie
spent seventeen years preaching in Kentucky. He
removed to Missouri in 1827, and lived in Calla-
way County. He was a man of a high order of
talent, well educated, energetic, and an impressive
preacher, and he stood in the front rank as a de
fender of the faith. He took a bold stand against
the organization of the General Association because
of his anti-mission principles, and lived and died
connected with the Old-School Baptists. He died
Sept. 21, 1S67.

Boutelle, Hon. Timothy, was born at Lcomin-
ster, Mass., Nov. 10. 1777. The labors of the farm.
on which he passed his early days, making too severe
a draft on a naturally delicate constitution, his
father was induced to cive him an education. In

this decision he was greatly encouraged by observ
ing in his son evidences of mental vigor and an
aptness for study, which gave promise of success
in whatever profession he might select as the busi
ness of his life, lie graduated at Harvard College
in the class of IMJU. Among his classmates were

HON. TIMOTHY BOI TEI.I.E.

Washington Allston, the celebrated painter, the
Rev. J. S. Buckininster, the eloquent pastor of the
Brattle Square church in Boston, and the late Chief-
Justice Shaw, of Massachusetts, who was his room
mate. In a class thus distinguished for ability.
Mr. Boutelle graduated with high reputation as a
scholar. For one year after he was an assistant
teacher at the Leicester Academy. In 1801 he en
tered the law-office of Hon. Abijah Bigelow. of
Leominster. with whom he remained three years.
Having been admitted to the bar in 1804, he re
moved to Waterville. Me., and commenced the prac
tice of his profession. He soon rose to eminence
as a lawyer, and bad in some respects the best
practice in his county. " He uniformly had the
respect and confidence of the court as a sound and
able lawyer, and was influential with the jury, be
cause he presented his views with clearness and
force, and appeared before them with the moral
power of an honest man." For a number of years
he represented his town in both branches of the
Legislature, where he was during his whole term
of service on the important Judiciary Committee,
and frequently its chairman. It was while he was
in the Senate that mainly through his influence a
charter was obtained, in 1820, for Waterville Col-

BOWERS

121

BOYCK

lege, now Colby University. For many years he
was a trustee of the college, and its treasurer, and
received from the institution, in 1839, the honorary
degree of Doctor of Laws.

Mr. Boutelle was an habitual worshiper at the
First Baptist church in Waterville. The writer of
this sketch recalls with pleasure the constancy of
his attendance upon the public services of the Salt-
bath, and the devoutness of his demeanor in the
house of God. It was no small encouragement
to him that he had in his congregation one who
cast the full weight of his great influence on the
side of good order and religion. His was a lift
of great activity, honorably and well spent. He
died Nov. 12. 1855, at the ripe age of seventy-eight
years.

Bowers, Charles M., D.D., was born in Boston,
Jan. 10, ISlT. He graduated at Brown University
in the class of 1838. Having spent one year in the
Newton Theological Institution, In; was ordained
pastor of tin; church in Lexington. Mass., Sept. 9,
1841. The relation continued for four years,
1841-45. when lit; decided to accept a call to the
church in Clinton, Mass., where he has been the
pastor ever since. He was a member of the Mas
sachusetts Legislature one year, the session of
1865-( )fj. For twelve years he has been the efli-
cient secretary of the Massachusetts Baptist State
Convention.

Dr. Bowers received his degree from Brown
University in INTO.

Bowers, Marmion H., was born at Moore s
Hill. Dearborn Co., Ind. ; educated at Farmer s
College, 0. ; studied law at the State University,
Bloomington, Ind. ; practiced law at Aurora. Ind.,
and edited a newspaper; removed to Texas in
1852; resumed practice of law at Austin, 1853;
raised a company for Confederate service in 18(51 ;
elected captain of Company C, Ifith liegt. Texas
Volunteer Infantry (Flournoy s) ; loss of health
caused his early resignation ; elected, while absent
from Austin, a member of 10th Legislature from
Travis County ; made his reputation by urging
legislative enactments against irregular impress
ments of property by Confederate States agents
and others; edited Southern Intelligencer a few
months after the war: in 1809 elected State Sena
tor from Travis district; took a commanding part
in all important measures of the several sessions
of that Legislature, resisting the arbitrary school,
militia, and police bills. His speech on martial
law in time of peace is regarded as exhaustive
and conclusive. He reached a high position at the
Austin bar. He was a consistent and earnest mem
ber of the Baptist church at Austin from 1854 to
the time of his death, March 3, 1872.

Bowker, S. D., M.D., was born in Courtland
Co., N. Y., Feb. 10, 1830. He graduated at Faii-
9

mount Theological Seminary, and was a si
minister at several important points. He had bap
tized over 800 persons when fifty years of age.
Several church edifices stand as monuments of his
untiring labors. The last one built under his
superintendence was the one at Leadville, Col.
Without his self-sacrificing labor it would not have
been erected. Having graduated in medicine- as
well as iu theology, he practiced the healing art.
He ranks among the most skillful physicians of.
Leadville. and is much respected for his good deeds
of sympathy and benevolence as well as lor his
abilities.

Bowles, Rev. Ralph H., son of Ralph II. and
Rebecca Bowles, was born in Hartford. Conn.;
fitted for college in Connecticut Literary Institu
tion ; graduated at Trinity College in 1848 : re
ceived the degree of A.M. in 1851 ; was ordained as
pastor of the Baptist church in Tarift ville. Conn.,
in 1850; settlements afterward were in llranford,
Conn. ; Lee, Brighton, West Newton, Lee (second
time), Mass. ; CJreenbusli. N. Y. ; Jewett City. New
Hartford, and Canton, Conn. ; a devout, earnest,
and indefatigable worker.

Boyce, James Pettigru, D.D., LL.D., Professor
of Systematic Theology, Church Government, and

JAMES, PETTRJKL- JiOVCE, D.I)., 1.1, .1).

Pastoral Duties in the Southern Baptist Theologi-
al Seminary, and chairman of its faculty, was

born of Scotch-Irish parents at Charleston, S. C.,

Jan. 11, 1827. After spending two years at
Charleston College, he entered Brown University,

where he graduated in 1847. He was baptized by

BO YD

122

BO YD

Rev. Richard Fuller, !&gt;.!&gt;., and united with the First
Baptist church at Charleston in 1840. lie was
licensed to preach in 1S47. and for six months of
the following year he edited the Southern Baptist.
In 1849 he entered Princeton Theological Seminary,
whore lie remained two years. In 1ST&gt;1 he was or
dained pastor of the Baptist church in Columbia,
S. C.. where he preached until Is.")"), when he ac
cepted a professorship of Theology in Furman I ni-
versitv. His inaugural address was delivered
during the succeeding commencement, in -July,
1S")G. Its subject was, Three Changes in Theo
logical Education." The address did much in
strengthening the cause of theological education
in the South, lending many to favor it who had
hitherto opposed it, and laying the foundation of
the peculiar system of teaching afterwards adopted
in the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. In
l&gt;f)S and ISfyj, Dr. Boyce was elected professor
in this institution, with the privilege of selecting
his chair, and was also made chairman of its
faculty. To these offices have since been added
those of treasurer and general agent, which posi
tions he still holds.

He was elected to a seat in the South Carolina
Legislature in 1862. and re-elected in 1864. He
took a prominent part in the business of that body.
Two of his speeches, advocating the indorsement of
a definite amount of Confederate bonds by the State,
were published. He also published a pamphlet on
that subject.

His principal publications arc, "A Brief Cate
chism on Bible Doctrines"; "The Doctrine and
U&gt;es of the Sanctuary, a sermon at the dedica
tion of Columbia Baptist Church; "Death and
Life the Christian s Portion," occasioned by the
death of Rev. B. Manly, Sr., D:D. ; and "The
Suffering Christ, published in the Baptist Quar
terly of October, 1870. He has a great intellect,
tireless energy, and extraordinary executive ability,
and to him, more than to all others, the South
ern Baptist Theological Seminary owes its exist
ence. His private library comprises over 13,000
volumes.

Boyd, Robert, D.D. This widely known
minister of Christ was born in Girvin, Ayrshire,
Scotland, Aug. 24, 1816, and died at his home in
Waukesha, "NVis., Aug. 1. 1879, aged sixty-three
years. His parents were devoted members of the
Presbyterian Church, and he was indebted to them
for an early Christian education. Converted at
the age of fifteen, impressed almost simultaneously
that it was his duty to preach, he began at once
to address public assemblies with great acceptance.
His attention having been called to the question
of baptism, he gave the subject prayerful and un
prejudiced examination, which resulted in his be
coming a Baptist. In 1843, Dr. Boyd came to

America, and settled as pastor at Brockville,
Canada. Subsequently he served the churches
at London and Hamilton, Canada, with great effi
ciency. Owing to failure of health he came in 1854
to Waterville, Wis., and settled on a farm. His
health having been restored, he accepted the pas
torate of the Baptist church in Waukesha, and
afterwards he took charge of the Edina Place Bap
tist church, Chicago, 111. In 1863, owing to an
attack of paralysis so impairing his health as to
unfit him for the duties of his city pastorate, he
came again to Waukesha. The same year Shurt-
leff College conferred upon him the degree of D.I).
Although paralyzed to such an extent that he had
to be carried into the pulpit in his chair, and to
preach sitting, he proclaimed the good news with
great power for four years to the Baptist church
in Waukesha. In 1867 he was finally prostrated
to such an extent as to be confined thereafter to
his house until death summoned him up higher.
Although he resigned his pastorate, the church de
clined to accept it. For about twelve years he was
helpless on his bed. His intellect, however, re
mained unimpaired, and during these years the
best work of his life was accomplished. He em
ployed his time in the production of the books
which he left as a precious legacy to the church
of Christ. As the result of his labor he prepared
for the press "Glad Tidings, "None but Christ."
"Grace and Truth." "The Good Shepherd," "The
World s Hope, " AVee Willie," "My Enquiry
Meeting," " Lectures to Young Converts," "Words
of Comfort to the Afflicted," and an autobiography
in manuscript. Dr. Boyd was gifted with a mind
of a high order, and every power he possessed was
brought into service for Christ, lie had a profound
reverence for the sacred Scriptures, and he un
folded their themes with a variety and richness
of illustration hardly ever surpassed. His delight
was to preach the gospel, and he easily found
Christ crucified in every theme. The great salva
tion always absorbed his soul, and the atonement
was to him the radiating centre of saving knowl
edge. As a pastor he lived in the hearts of his
people. In this relation, if more remarkable in
one thing than another, it was in the confidence
which he inspired. His people gave up their minds
and hearts to him without suspicion or reserve.
In the midst of great suffering he evinced remark
able fortitude and submission to the will of God.
lie was a noble specimen of a man and a Chris
tian minister. He has bequeathed to his family
and the church of God the memory of a life with
out reproach, devoted to the cause of truth without
reserve.

Boyd, Willard W., D.D., was born Nov.
22, 1843, in Chemung Co., N. Y. His parents
moved to Saco, Me., when he was two years old.

BO YD

123

BOYKIN

He was prepared for college at fourteen years of
age. He was converted at the age of twelve years.
His father died when he was eighteen years of age,
and Willard succeeded him in superintending a

\VILI.ARD \\ . JiOVD, D.D.

factory at Springville, Me. In this place there
was but one church, a Baptist, whose members
were few in number. Dr. Boyd read Spurgeon s
sermons to them, and soon began to speak in his
own language; a revival followed, and the con
verts asked for baptism. lie being a Congrega-
tionalist, studied the question of baptism, and soon,
with those who had lately found Jesus, he was
baptized. In 1800 his mother died, and the fol
lowing year he entered Harvard University, where
he graduated with honor in 1871. After spending
a year at a German university he was appointed
tutor in Harvard College, and held the position
till, in 1873. he accepted the pastorate of the First
Baptist church in Charlestown, a part of Boston.
Mass. With this church he remained four years,
and received about 400 members into its fellow
ship. In June, 1877, he was installed as pastor
of the Second Baptist church of St. Louis, Mo.
In June, 1878, he received the honorary degree
of Doctor of Divinity from Shurtleff College, 111.
In Dr. Boyd are combined scholarship, executive
ability, and pulpit eloquence. He possesses great
energy and piety. Many have been added to his
church in St. Louis since his settlement, and the
house of worship has been twice built, owing to
fire. He occupies one of the most responsible po
sitions in the Baptist denomination in the Missis

sippi Valley, and preaches to very large congre
gations.

Boyden, Rev. Jabez S., was born in Essex Co.,
X. Y.. in 1831 : brought to Michigan while still an
infant; baptized in Mooreville, in June, 1850, and
educated for the ministry at Kalamazoo College,
from which he graduated in 1850. He settled at
once as pastor in Novi. and was ordained in No
vember of the same year. His successive pastorates
were, in Flint, four years ; in Xovi. again three
years; in Ilowell, four years; in Franklin, hid.,
one year; in Ypsilanti, seven years. During all
this time he was continuously in the pastorate
without the intermission of a single dav. At Xovi
he baptized 117; in Flint, 03; in Ilowell, 103 ; and
during the time of the Franklin and Ypsilanti pas
torates, 103. While pastor at Flint he was one
year chaplain of the 10th Regiment of Mich. Yols.,
Infantry.

In August, 1879, he became financial secretary
of Kalamaxoo College, and is at present residing
in Kalamazoo, engaged most vigorously in the
work of securing an adequate endowment for the
college, and the means lor defraying its current
expenses.

Boykin, James, a deacon of the Baptist church
at Columbus, Ga., was born in 1792, near Camdcn,
in South Carolina. With his father, Francis Boy-
kin, he moved to Georgia, and settled on a large
plantation in Washington County, ten miles south
of Milledgeville; in 1829 he sold his home and plant
ing interests to his brother, Dr. Samuel Boykin,
and moved to Columbus, and settled on another
plantation in Stewart County, twenty miles from
Columbus. He united with the Columbus church,
and was ordained a deacon, which office he filled
worthily until his death, in 1840. He was at that
time quite wealthy, and gave liberally of his means
to sustain the gospel and to establish Mercer Uni
versity. He was an exceedingly kind man. To
his children he was the most tender and affectionate
of parents; to his wife the most devoted of hus
bands ; he was a Christian without reproach, A
security debt swept away nearly $100,000 of his
property, yet he never murmured, or spoke an un
kind word of the man who caused his financial
ruin, but preserved his cheerfulness and gentle
serenity until called up higher" at the age of
fifty-four.

He did much in founding and sustaining the
church at Columbus, and was a most useful, zealous,
and liberal Christian, whose memory is even yet
fragrant among those who knew him.

Boykin, Rev. Samuel, was horn in Milledge
ville. Baldwin Co., Ga., Nov. 24, 1829. His
mother s maiden name was Narcissa Cooper,
daughter of Thomas Cooper, whose ancestors
came from England. His paternal ancestor, Ed-

124

BOVKIX

ward Bovkin. came i roni Caernarvonshire, Wales,
aiul settled in Isle of Wight Co., Ya.. in lOSf).
William Bovkin. tin grandson of Kdward Boy-
kin, emigrated to Kershaw Co.. S. ( ., in IT") ")
or 17"&gt;0, and settled six miles south of Camden.
His third son. Francis Boykin. participated in most
nf the battles of the State during the Revolutionary
war, and rose to bo a major of infantry in the

UKV. SAMl Kl, UuYKl.V.

ai inv. haying taken part in the battle of Fort
Moultrie.

About the year ISllO Mr. Boykin moyed to
Georgia, and settled near Milledgeville, where he
died in 1N21. Three of his children grew to ma
turity. Eli/.a. Samuel, and -lames. Samuel, born
in 1780. died in 1848. was the father of the subject
of this sketch. Tie graduated at the State I ni-
yorsity of Georgia and at a medical college in
Philadelphia, and practiced medicine in Georgia
for twenty-five or thirty years. Tie was also a
larire planter. lie removed to Columbus, (!a..
where he spent the last years of his life. Tie en-
"avd in planting and in banking, and was yery

& o 1

prosperous. Tie was fond of books, and a lover
of science; and at his hospitable home distin
guished literary and scientific men of the New
and Old World were pleased to visit, and ever
found in l&gt;r. Boykin a congenial spirit.

Samuel Boykin, his son. spent his earliest years
in Columbus, lie was sent to Pennsylvania and
Connecticut for education, but came back to
Georgia and took a full course at the State Univer
sity, where he graduated in lSf)l. He then spent
nearly a year in foreign travel. While prosecuting

his studies at the State University ho made a pro
fession of religion and j lined the Baptist church.
He was licensed to preach in 1H52, and ordained
Sept. 10, ISGI. In ]S ,") ,) he became the editor of
the Christian Index, then published in Macon, Ga.,
and owned by the Baptist Convention of the State.
In 1S01 he became the sole proprietor of the Index.
He continued successfully its publication unti!
1S05, when the disasters of the war between th&lt;:
States stopped it. His editorial management wa?,
characterized by decided ability. Tie subsequently
sold the Index to -I. -T. Toon, of Atlanta, by whom
it was revived. For several years he also pub
lished and edited the Child s Index, which he re
sumed after the war. This child s paper was
merged into Kin/I \Vurdn in 1872, a paper owned
bv the Southern Baptist Convention, and published
at .Memphis, Tenn. In 1S7. !. Mr. Boykin was
elected editor of Kind. Wonlx. which position he
has held ever since. Under his management the
paper has reached a very large circulation, is now
well established, and it is a paper of great value.
Mr. Bovkin was pastor for one year of the Second
Baptist church of Macon. but having been called
to Memphis to edit Kind Words in 1873. he re
signed that charge.

When the Sunday-School Board was abolished in
1S74. the paper was removed to Macon. and then-
published. Mr. Boykin then returned to Georgia.
Editing has been his chief employment, for which
he is peculiarly fitted. He has been identified with
Baptist interests in Georgia for many years. In
the cause of missions and Sunday-schools he has
been very useful, wielding a large influence oyer
the vomit: of the denomination as editor and ex-
positorof the " Sunday-School Lessons." lie is now
in the prime of life, with an active mind and un-
tirini; industry. The Baptist denomination may
still expect lartre results from his labors and his
commanding talents.

Boykin, Rev. Thomas Cooper, State school

evangelist for the Georgia Baptist Convention,
brother of the foregoing, was born in Baldwin
County, ten miles from Milledgeville. -Jan. 1. b^vlO.
His parents moved to Columbus soon after his
birth, and he was reared in that city. Converted
under the ministry of John E. Dawson. he joined
the Columbus church in lS51.and was educated at
Penfield. in Mercer University, and at Columbia,
S. C.. in the South Carolina College, from which
he was graduated with distinction in 1S56. In
1858 he began a planter s life in Russell Co., Ala.,
near Columbus, transferring his membership to the
Mount Lebanon church in 1803. That church li
censed him in 1804. and by it he was called to or
dination in 1805. It was while acting as pastor
for this church that he developed a strong passion
for the Sunday-school work, and the brethren of

BOYNTON

JIHAD FORD

the Alabama Convention, recognizing his zeal and
ability, placed him at the head of their State Sun
day-school efforts in 1872. But his native State
called him to her service on the 1st of September,
1874, and he removed to Georgia, settled in Atlanta.

RKV. THOMAS COOl ER BOYKI.N.

and. under an appointment of the State Baptist
Convention, began a work in the Sunday-school
cause which he lias continued to prosecute most
vigorously and prosperously until the present time
(1880). Through his exertions the Sunday-school
work in the State has been pretty thoroughly or
ganized; 20 Sunday-school conventions have been
put in operation, and 500 schools have been estab
lished, while all over the State a healthy and en
thusiastic Sunday-school spirit has been aroused in
the denomination.

Mr. Boykin is a preacher of ability, and in his
style is exceedingly pointed and practical. During
a pastorate; of three years he baptized 70 persons
into the Mount Lebanon, a country church. He
has the happy faculty of making himself interesting
and instructive to all, especially to the young. lie
is an indefatigable laborer, and he is thoroughly
conversant with every phase of the Sunday-school
work.

Boynton, Hon. Nehemiah, was born in what
is now Rockport, but then a section of Gloucester,
Mass., Dec. 2, 1804. When he was twenty-one
years of age he commenced business at St. George,
Me., where he remained nine years, and then re
moved to West Thomaston, Me. Here he carried
on business for eleven years. At the end of this
period he removed to Boston, and embarked in the

business which he prosecuted with energy and suc
cess for the remainder of his life. Mr. Bovnton s
residence was in Chelsea, where, as a member and
an officer in the First Baptist church, he irave
himself with great devotion to the service of his
Lord and Master. For two years he was a senator
from his district in the Massachusetts Senate, and
for three years, 1802, 1804. and 1805, a period of
great responsibility, he was a member of Gov.
Andrew s Executive Council for the county of
Suffolk.

If Mr. Boynton was a successful merchant and
an honorable councillor, he filled also another post,
which to him was one of higher honor and more
sacred trust than either of the other two. A vacancy
having occurred in the Executive Committee of the
Missionary Union in |S5. !. he was appointed to fill
it. At once his business capacities pointed him
out as the proper person to be selected as chairman
of the Committee on Finance. In .1855 he was
chosen treasurer of the Union, and held the oflice for
nine years in succession. In the hands of no better
man could the great trust have been placed, lie
entered upon the duties of his oliice when the so
ciety was burdened with a heavy debt. He lived
to see the debt wiped out and the credit of the
Union, in all parts of the world where it transacted
its business, placed upon the soundest basis, so
that its drafts were as promptly honored as those
of any banking or mercantile house then or since
known.

The prominent personal qualities of Mr. Boyn
ton," says one who knew him well, were fittingly
symbolized by his commanding personal presence.
Weight and symmetry of character were his in an
eminent degree. No man was ever less influenced
by personal fears or preferences. His action was
based on public and solid reasons. No member of
the committee ever commanded greater influence
for his opinions. The answer to the question,
What does Deacon Boynton think of it? was
almost enough to conclude any matter of weight.
To the high personal qualities which contributed
to this beautiful wholeness he added a faith in
God, and in the loyalty of his redeemed people,
that, made him confident, where to human sense
there seemed more ground for despondency."
With the record of such a life as he lived before all
men. there was no need of a dying testimony.
Deacon Boynton died Nov. 22, J8G8.

Bradford, Rev. C. G., is quite young, probably
not more than thirty, but a man of unusual promise.
His delivery is quiet but exceedingly impressive,
and he is one of the few whose sermons would lose
nothing by being read instead of heard. They are
briefand elegantly finished. He has tried again and
again to leave the Beech Island church, in Aikeu
Co., S. C., having been reared in that vicinity, and

BRADFORD

126

thinking lie might be more useful elsewhere, Imt
the church still retains him.

Bradford, Rev. Shadrach S., was born at

Plvinpton, Mass.. May -4, IS 13. He took a part
of liis college course at Waterville, Me., graduating
at Columbiau College, Washington, I). C., in the
class of 1S37. His theological studies were pursued
at \e\vton, where he graduated in IS40. He \vas
ordained pastor of the ehurch at Pawtucket. U. 1..
June S. 1X41, and remained in this position for ten
years, resigning iu IS. il. Such was the state of
his health that he was obliged to abandon the min
istry. For several years lie was in active business
in Providence. Mr. Bradford was elected a trustee
of Brown University in 1S()3. and a Fellow in 1 &gt; }").

Bradford, Rev. Zabdi el, was born in Plympton,
Mass., (in the loth of August, 1^09. On the side
of both parents he was of genuine Puritan stock,
his paternal ancestor being Gov. "William Bradford,
and his iiKornal ancestor the renowned ( apt.
Miles Sta!idi&gt;h. Of such an ancestry any man
might justly be proud. Before he readied his
eighteenth year he became a subject of (iod s con
verting irraee. The state of his health being such
as to settle the question of his physical inability to
enter into active business, it was decided that he
should obtain a liberal education. In the year
1S30 he became a member of Waterville College,
with the intention of fitting himself for the Chris
tian ministry. After his graduation he prosecuted
his theological studies for nearly three years, and
then accepted a call to the Baptist church in what
is nnw Yarmouth, Cumberland Co., Me. The min
istry of Mr. Bradford, extending over a period of
eight years, was one of great spiritual prosperity.
lie had the happiness of witnessing more than one
powerful revival. As the result of one of these
outpourings of the Spirit he baptized nearly 100
persons.

The long Avintcrs and uncongenial springs of the
sea-coast of Maine were too trying to the constitu
tion of Mr. Bradford, and. with a severe pang, he
felt compelled to sever the ties which united him to
a most affectionate people. He accepted a call
from what was then the Pine Street, now Central
Baptist church, in Providence, and was recognized
as pastor in November, 1844, and labored with his
customary fidelity and success for more than four
years. He died May 16, 1849, at the comparatively
early age of forty years.

Mr. Bradford was a man of much more than or
dinary ability. He possessed a singularly vivid
imagination, and sometimes the play of his fancy
in his discourses was most striking, and arrested
the attention of the most careless and thoughtless.
lie concentrated all his faculties to the cause of his
Master, and in his closing hours was sustained by
that grace the riches of which he had proclaimed

so earnestly from the sacred desk. " That plan."
lie said, "that capital plan! I have looked it
through and through this winter, and it is all I
want." Who can doubt that when he came into
the presence of his God and Saviour he did iind it
was all lie wanted ?

Bramlette, GOV. Thomas E., was born in Cum
berland Co., Ivy., Jan. 3, 1X17. In early life he
joined a Baptist church, and was active in the
councils of his denomination. lie was admitted to
the practice of law in 1837. In J841 he was elected
to the State Legislature ; here his splendid abilities
speedily attracted public attention. In J.S49 he
was appointed Commonwealth s attorney. In l^"&gt; 2
he moved from Burksville to Columbia. Ky.. and
was elected circuit judge, and filled the position
during six years. At the breaking out of the Re
bellion he accepted a colonel s commission, raised
a regiment of volunteers, and entered the Federal
army. In 1862 he resigned to accept the appoint
ment of U. S. attorney for Kentucky. In 1S63 lie
Avas commissioned major-general. While organ
izing his division he was nominated candidate fur
governor. Again he resigned his position in the
army, and was elected governor of the Common
wealth, in which capacity he served four years.
lie now became weary of the burdens of public
office, and settled in Louisville, where he enjoyed
an extensive and lucrative practice of law until his
death. -Jan. 12, 1S7").

Branham, Joel R., D.D.,was born in Eat- ni
ton, Putnam Co., Ga., Dec. 23. 1S2."). His parents
were Dr. -Joel Branham and Emily, daughter of
Thomas Cooper, the devoted Baptist deacon of
Eatonton. He went to Penfield to school in the
year 1S3S. while quite young, and remained three
years. He was a pupil there when Mercer Insti
tute was organized as a college, and was a member
of the first Freshman class. After leaving Penfield
he attended the Eatonton school until about his
eighteenth year. In 184.") he entered Emory Col
lege, at which he was graduated in .1847. He was
converted and joined the Baptist church at Pen-
field in 1838. He was ordained in 1861 ). in Madi
son, Ga. He was called to ordination by the Madi
son Baptist church, and immediately after to the
charge of that church, in which he continued two
and a half years. While residing in Tennessee he
incidentally served the churches at Brownsville.
Huniboldt, and Stanton. Compelled by ill health
to return to Georgia in 1874. he was called to the
pastorate of the church in Marietta, at the same
time preaching once a month to the church at
Noonday. He is at present pastor of the Baptist
church at Eatonton, Ga., and preaches once a
month to the church at Harmony. Putnam Co.,
and also to the church at Monticello. Jasper Co..
Ga. He was a member of the faculty of the Geor-

BRAXTL Y

127

BRANTLY

gia Female College in its early organization ; was
president of the same institution after the war.
From 1868 to 1874 was president of Brownsville
Baptist Female College, the leading Baptist insti-

,)OKI. R. UKAXHA.M, JJ.D.

tution of West Tennessee at that period. lie was
for a time trustee of Mercer University.

Dr. Branham is one of the best educated .and
most highly cultivated of the living Georgia Bap
tist ministers, and to pulpit ability of high rank he
unites fine oratorical powers and an exceeding
amiability of disposition. lie is remarkably clear
in all his statements, because of a keen mental
vision and a strong intellectual grasp. His talents
are of a high order, and his sermons are surpassed
by i ew, if by any, of the State ministry.

Many of the years of his life have been spent in
imparting instruction, generally as the president
of a college for young ladies, and he is a teacher
of rare ability.

Brantly, John J., D.D., Professor of Belles-
Lettres and Modern Languages in Mercer Univer
sity, Macon, Ga., and son of Dr. Win. T. Brantly,
Sr., and half-brother of Dr. Wm. T. Brantly. Jr.,
was born in Augusta, Ga., Dec. 29, 1821. The
first twelve years of his life were spent in Phila
delphia, when his father was pastor of the First
Baptist church of that city. He then went with his
father to Charleston, S. C., where he entered the
Sophomore class of Charleston College, of which
his father was president. While a student in the
Charleston College he paid a summer visit during
vacation to relatives at Scottsborough, a few miles
from Milledgeville, Ga., and during a protracted

meeting in the Milledgeville church, of which Dr.
S. G. Hillyer was then pastor, he made a profession
of religion, and was baptized by his father in the
Oconee River, near Milledgeville.

Graduating in 1840. he went to Chatham Co..
N. C., his father s old home. and afterwards
to Pittsborough, in both of which places he en
gaged in teaching. As he was debating in his
mind whether to study law or medicine, he went
in the fall of 1844, to Charleston, on a visit to his
father, who had been stricken with paralysis.
During that visit his thoughts were turned to the
ministry, and he decided that his duty lay in that
direction. lie was licensed by the First church of
Charleston, his father signing the license, the last
official act he performed. Mr. Brantly was or
dained at Fayetteville, X. C.. in 1845. having ac
cepted a call to the pastoral charge of the church
in that place. In a year or two he resigned to take
charge of the high school there; but in the sprinii
of 1850 he accepted the pastoral charge of the
church at Xewbury Court-House, S. C.. where he
remained until elected to his present position, in

JOHN J. KKAXTI.Y. D.l).

1807. During the interval between the resignation
of Dr. Warren and the settlement of Dr. Skinner
he served the Macon church as temporary pastor.
Dr. J. J. Brantly is a thorough scholar. He is
well read in the ancient classics, both Greek and
Latin, and he is the master of several modern lan
guages. With the writings of " the fathers" lie is
familiar. He is also a perfect master of English
composition. His extreme modesty only has pre
vented him from being widely known as one of the

JUfAXTLY

128

most finished scholars ;uul able preachers of our
denomination in the United States.

Brantly, William T., Jr., D.D., son of the Dr.

"VV. T. Brantlv of sainted memory, was born in Beau-
fort, S. (, . II" removed with his father, at the age

WILLIAM T. BRANTLY, JR., D.U.

of nine years, to Philadelphia, where, in 1826, the
father became the pastor of the First Baptist
church. Under a careful home culture, supple
mented by the training of the best schools, young
Brantly was prepared to enter college at an early
age. While thus preparing, in 1834, he was bap
tized into the fellowship of the First church of
Philadelphia, the baptism being in the Delaware
River; and in 1838 he was licensed by the same
church to preach. Having entered Brown Univer
sity, he graduated with distinction in 1840. The
same year he was invited to the pastorate of the
First Baptist church of Augusta. Ga., which posi
tion he accepted and held with marked success for
eight years, during which time the membership
was doubled, and the house enlarged to accommo
date the increasing congregation. Dr. Brantly s
varied culture and polished scholarship attracted
to his ministrations an unusual number of the more
intelligent of the community, and soon the authori
ties of the University of Georgia were anxious to
secure his services as one of its faculty of instruc
tion. Accordingly, in 1848 he was elected Professor
of Belles-Lettres and Evidences of Christianity and
History in that institution, a position which he
filled with distinguished ability until 1856. In
1853 he was elected pastor of the First Baptist
church, Philadelphia, but declined the invitation.

In 185f&gt; he was invited to the pastorate of the Taber
nacle church in the same city, and anxious to be
engaged again in the active and, to him, congenial
duties of pastoral life, he accepted the position.
He continued to serve the Tabernacle church for
five years, during which time he had the pleasure
of seeing the membership greatly increase in num
ber and efficiency. In 1 801, Dr. Brantly was in
vited to take charge of the Second Baptist church
at Atlanta, Ga., where he remained, with the ex
ception of an interruption arising from the troubles
of the war, until 1871. in which year he became the
pastor of the Seventh Baptist church, Baltimore,
Md., succeeding the honored Dr. R. Fuller, when
he and a large number of the members of that
church withdrew to constitute the present Eutaw
Place church. Dr. Brantly still remains pastor of
the Seventh church, and is eminently successful in
his ministrations. As a preacher, lie is earnest,
graceful, and instructive; as a pastor, genial, lov
ing, and companionable, and ever a welcome guest
in the homes of his people. No one feels a warmer
interest in all the denominational movements of
the day than he ; while for educational institutions
and their instructors he cherishes that ardent and
unwavering attachment which stamps him, as by
nature, one of the ijutld. He is an overseer of the
Columbian University, and no one is more heartily
welcomed to its meetings for business und its com
mencement exercises than himself. The University
of Georgia in 1854 conferred on him the honorary
degree of D.D.

Brantly, William T., Sr., D.D., was born in
Chatham Co., N. C., Jan. 23, 1787. He was con
verted to God in his fifteenth year. He was edu
cated at South Carolina College, Columbia, S. C.,
of which Jonathan Maxcy, D.D., was president.
He graduated with distinction in 1808, inspiring
hopes in those who became acquainted with his
talents of a bright future for the young minister.
In 1811 he became a pastor, though he had preached
regularly for years before, and he took the over
sight of the church of Beaufort, S. C., where lift
spent eight years in toil and triumphs. The church
was increased in numbers, knowledge, and spir
itual strength, and the pastor was regarded as one
of the most eloquent preachers in the South. In
1819 he became rector a second time of Richmond
Academy, Augusta, Ga., an institution endowed by
that State; and immediately he began to preach
every Sunday in the chapel of the academy, for
there was no Baptist church in Augusta. His
talents soon drew throngs, a church was organized,
and in two years a meeting-house was built and
paid for, at a cost of $20,000, the equal of any sim
ilar structure in the State. His services as preacher
and pastor, like many of the earlier Baptist min
isters in the South, he, unwisely for the people,

BRA Y

129

Bit AY MAX

but generously, gave for nothing. His usefulness
was Celt throughout every part of Georgia.

Dr. Ilolcombe, pastor of the First Baptist church
of Philadelphia, on his death-bed, recommended
Dr. Brantly as his successor. After a second in
vitation had been extended to him by the First
church, he removed to Philadelphia in the spring
of 1826. In that city his success was remarkable,
in eleven years he baptized 600 persons into the
fellowship of the First church, and he was instru
mental in founding the Norristown church. De
clining health compelled him to turn southward
again, and in 1837 he accepted the pastorate of the
First church. Charleston. S. C. Shortly after lie
came to that city he was appointed president of
the College of Charleston, the duties of which he
discharged till disease forbade him. lie died in
March. 184.").

Dr. Brantly was a man of fine talents; his learn
ing was profound, his classical scholarship was of
the highest order, his voice had unusual compass
and melody, and his heart went with his eloquent
utterances, so that his oratory was overwhelming;
the whole audience would be alternately bathed in
tears orcarncd up to the third heaven in jubilant de
light. Christ was everything in his heart and in his
sermons, and his ministry was a blessing to the
North and to the South of untold value.

Bray, Rev. Nathan H., the apostle of the Sa-

bine region, Louisiana, was born in Peterborough,
England. April 29. 1809 ; emigrated to the United
States in 1840, and landed at New Orleans. He
began to preach in 1847, and under his labors
churches were planted in all that portion of Louis
iana bordering on the. Sabine River. He was in
defatigable, and 50 or (50 churches and ?&gt; Associa
tions sprang up as the fruit, more or less direct,
of his efforts. He was over twenty years moderator
of Sabine Association, and for nianv years an officer
in the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, and for the last
three years parish judge. He died Feb. 18, 1875.

Brayman, Mason, was born in Buffalo. X. Y..

May 23, 1813. His parents. Daniel and Anna
Brayman, were among the pioneers of Western
New York, and settled in the town of Hamburgh.
Erie Co., in 181 1. At the beginning of the war of
1812-15 they removed to Buffalo, not knowing what
course the Seneca Indians, whose reservation lay
between the two towns, might take in the contest.
On the restoration of peace they returned to their
farm in Hamburgh, accompanied by the subject of
this sketch, where lie remained until he was between
seventeen and eighteen years old, when he went to
Buffalo, .and entered the office of the Journal as an
apprentice to the printing business. While serving
his time he began the study of the law. which lie
continued while subsequently editing the Republi
can and Bulletin. He was admitted to the bar in

1836. lie removed to Monroe, Mich., in the sum
mer of 1837, where he pursued his favorite profes
sions of law and journalism, lie remained here
until 1839, and after a brief sojourn at Wouster,

MA.I.-GF.\. MASON HRAYMAX.

0., we next find him at Louisville, Ky., as editor
of the Daili/ Advertiser. After a successful career
of about three years as editor, Mr. Brayman made
another westward move, and pitched his tent in
Springfield, 111, in 1842, where he ajrain entered
upon the practice of law in partnership with the
lion. Jesse B. Thomas. Not forgetting his pro
pensity for editorial life, he wrote much for the
State Rer/istcr, and also acted as assistant State
treasurer for several years. He was appointed by
Gov. Ford to revise and codify the laws of the
State, and the result of his labors, which the legal
profession facetiously called the Braminical
Code," was authority in all Illinois courts for many
years. lie was also commissioned by (Joy. Ford
special State s attorney to prosecute the offenses
which grew out of the "Mormon war at Nauvoo.
After the transfer of the Congressional land
grant by the State to the Illinois Central Railroad
Company, Mr. Brayman became (he attorney of
the corporation, which necessitated his removal to
Chicago, where, in 1853, he opened an office, and
engaged in securing the right of way and the
transaction of the general business of that com
pany. His connection with the company having
terminated, he was appointed land agent of the
Cairo and Fulton Railroad Company of Missouri
arid Arkansas, and subsequently became general
superintendent for the construction of the road.

BRAYMAN

BRA YTOX

The opening of the civil war found liiin again
in Springfield. He enlisted in the 29th Illinois
Volunteers, of which he was soon commissioned as
major by Gov. Yates, and was also appointed adju
tant on the staff of Gen. McClernand. The first
battle in which he was under lire was the short hut
bloody one of Belinont, in Missouri. Then followed
Forts Henry and Donelson, where Major Brayinan
is credited with having done brave and efficient
service. At the great battle of Pittsburgh Land
ing he commanded a brigade, and for meritorious
conduct on the field was promoted to be a brigadier-
general. He followed the fortunes of the victorious
arinv. and was assigned to separate commands. His
health having become impaired by a partial sun
stroke, Gen. Brayman left the active duties of the
Held, and was subsequently in command of Camp
Di nison, at Columbus, 0., the district of Cairo, in
Illinois and Kentucky, and of Natchez, in Missis
sippi, and towards the conclusion of the war was
appointed president of a commission or court to
adjudicate upon the important cotton cases which
had been accumulating at New Orleans. So well
satisfied were the President and Secretary of War
with his varied and important services that he was
brevet ted major-general.

The war being over, Gen. Brayman returned to
Springfield. Having become part proprietor of the
Quiney M7//V/ and its editor, lie removed to that
citv. but subsequently returned to Springfield, as
editor and co-proprietor of the Daili/ Joiiritnl. But
his health having been much impaired by the hard
services of the war, he was impelled to remove to
Green Lake, Wis., which is his present home. In
1876, Gen. Grant, his old commander, tendered
him the governorship of Idaho, which he accepted,
and is still at his post when this sketch is written,
though his term of office has nearly expired.

Gen. Brayman was a member of the Baptist
church when he came to Illinois, having been bap
tized by Rev. Charles Morton at Wooster. O., in
1839. He immediately identified himself actively
with the local and general work of the denomina
tion in this State, and has ever been an efficient
and liberal helper. In 1855 he was elected presi
dent of the American Baptist Publication Society.
and has been several times president of the General
Association of the State. He also has ever taken
an active interest in educational movements. He
lias been trustee and one of the regents of the Uni
versity of Chicago, and trustee of the Illinois State
Industrial University, and was one of the founders
and first members of the Chicago Historical So
ciety. While in command at Natchez he estab
lished schools for the colored people: while in
Little Rock. Ark., on railroad business, he gave
positive aid in school matters, and since his resi
dence in Wisconsin has been connected with the

management of Wavland Institute, at Beaver
Dam.

Brayton, Rev. Durlin L., was born in Hub-
bardston. Vt.. (Jet. 21, 1 SOX. Having decided to
enter the Christian ministry, he pursued his col
legiate studies at Brown University, and his theo
logical studies at Ne\vt&lt;&gt;n, where he graduated in
]S, -i7. Hi 1 was ordained at Providence. Oct. !"&gt;.
1837. having received his appointment as a mis
sionary the -June previous, lie sailed from Bos
ton Oct. l2S. Is57.and reaching Maulmain, Feb. 19.
1X58. became connected with the Karen department
of the Maulmain mission, from which he was trans
ferred to Mergui the April following, where he
devoted himself to labors among the Pwo Karens.
Near the close of this year Mr. and Mrs. Brayton
returned to this country, on account of the illness
of Mrs. Brayton. He remained but a few months,
and then resumed his work at Mergui. For sev
eral years he was occupied with his missionary la
bors, making Mergui his headquarters, and visiting
the adjacent regions to preach the gospel as oppor
tunity presented. In March. 1X54. lie removed to
Donabew for the purpose of reaching a numerous
Pwo Karen population in that vicinity. He re
mained here until May. 1X55. when he established
himself at Kemmendine. His relation with the
Union was dissolved by a letter of resignation
bearing date .July 2^. 1856. and was resumed in
October. 181)1. With the exception of the time
spent in a second visit to his native land. Mr.
Bravton has devoted himself to missionary labors
amoiiir the Pwo Karens in the Rangoon Karen de
partment, where, at the last report, there wen. 13
churches, with 398 members. Mr. Bravton s fortv
years of service as a missionary have been accom
panied with the richest blessings from heaven.

Brayton, Hon. George Arnold, LL.D., son of

Charles and Rebecca (Havens) Brayton. was born
in Warwick. R. I.. Aug. 4. 1803. He was prepared
for college at Kent Academy, in East Greenwich.
R. I., and was graduated with high rank at Brown
University, in the class of 1824. Among his class
mates were the eminent Prof. George W. Keely.
of Waterville College : Hon. Ezra Wilkinson, jus
tice of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts: and
Rev. William Leverett. of Newport. R. I. He was
admitted to the bar in 1827. and at once opened
an office in his native town. He was called during
a succession of years to fill various offices of honor
and trust in the gift of his fellow-citizens of his
native town. In 1843 he was chosen by the Gen
eral Assembly associate justice of the Supreme
Court of Rhode Island. He held this office until
1868. when he was elected chief justice, remaining
in office until 1874. when ill health obliged him to
resign, after a judicial service of thirty-one years,
the longest in the history of Rhode Island. So

BRA

131

BREAKER

highly was he appreciated that his salary was con
tinued until his death. He spent the last years of
his life in the retirement of his home in East Green
wich, lie contemplated the close of life with
Christian calmness and composure. Although

CHIEF JUSTICE GEORGE ARNOLD BRAYTON .

Judge Brayton never made a public profession of
religion, his sympathies were with the Baptists,
and. had his health not given way. it was his pur
pose to have been baptized on a profession of his
personal faith in Christ. His death occurred April
21. 18SO. He received from Brown University, in
187d. the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. In
1831 he married Celia Greene Clarke, a descendant
of Joseph Clarke, of Newport, R. I., a brother of
Dr. John Clarke, a name distinguished in the an
nals of Baptist history in Rhode Island.

Brayton, Rev. Jonathan, son of Lodowick and

Betsey (Knight) Brayton, was born in Cranston,
R. I.. June 12, 1811. The first eighteen years of
his life were spent on his father s farm. He then
worked at the trade of a carpenter four years. At
the end of this period he came very near losing his
life in consequence of a fall of sixty feet from the
steeple of a church upon which he was at work in
Providence. Previous to this his thoughts had
been directed to his personal spiritual state, and
after his conversion, to the work of the ministry.
In the event which laid him aside from his trade
he seemed to hear the call of God to prepare him
self to become a minister of the gospel. Although
he was now twenty-two years of age, he entered
upon a course of preparatory study, and in the fall

of 1839 entered the Hamilton Theological Institu
tion, where he remained two years, completing his
course of study in 1841. Peculiar circumstances
led him to decide to be ordained at Hamilton, and
he was publicly set apart to the work of the Chris
tian ministry by the faculty of the institution per
forming the services of his ordination. At once
he returned to Rhode Island, and commenced his
ministry at Phenix, where a powerful revival fol
lowed his labors and a prosperous church was es
tablished. The other settlements of Mr. Brayton
have all been in his native State, in two villages in
Warwick, in one village in Coventry, and in Paw-
tucket. Such has been the state of his health that
he has been unable always to perform the duties
of a pastor, but in all matters affecting the welfare
and prosperity of his denomination he has ever
taken the most substantial interest. He has held
many important local offices, and his name has been
mentioned in connection with the governorship of
Rhode Island.

Brayton, Hon. William Daniel, son of Hon.

Charles and Rebecca (Havens) Brayton, was born
in Warwick. R. I., Nov. 6. 1815; studied at Kings
ton Academy and Brown University ; engaged in
the lumber trade : was representative in the General
Assembly in 1841 and 1842: a major during the
Dorr war : became town clerk of Warwick ;
president of the town council ; in 1848, State sena
tor : in 1851 was again in the General Assembly;
in 1855 was again State senator; in 1856, Presi
dential elector; in 1857, elected representative to
Congress, and re-elected in 1859 ; served on a war
committee during the Rebellion ; in 1862 was ap
pointed collector of internal revenue ; in 1872. dele
gate to National Republican Convention ; a steadfast
Baptist and earnest patriot ; and has had charge
of the money-orders of the Providence post-office.

Breaker, Rev. J. M. C., was born near Camden,
Kershaw District. S. C., July 25, 1824; graduated
from Furman Literary and Theological Institution,
Fairfield, S. C., June, 1846; ordained to the minis
try July 3, 1846; lias been pastor of Greenville,
Grahamville. Beaufort, Columbia, Spartansburg,
S. C. : Newbern, X. C. ; Park Avenue, St. Louis,
Liberty and First church, St. Joseph, Mo. ; and
has been pastor at Houston, Texas, since April,
1877, where he is excelled by no other city minister
in ability and influence ; for several years was sec
retary of the South Carolina Baptist State Con
vention ; founded and edited at Columbia, S. C.,
during the war, a weekly paper called The Con
federate Baptist ; received the degree of D.D. from
Lagrange College,. Mo. ; is a life-member of the
American Baptist Missionary Union, American
Baptist Publication Society, and the American
Bible Society ; has baptized 1520 persons ; is author
of a prize essay on " Communion," published in

BREEDLOVE

132

BRIDGMAN

1859, urul has contributed u number of articles to
the Christian Review and other periodicals.

Breedlove, Charles R,., was horn in Danville,
Ya., April 3, 1831 ; educated at Baylor University,
Texas ; graduated both from the Collegiate depart
ment and the, la\v school ; served three years in
Col. L. M. .Martin s Confederate regiment; has
heen a ineiiiher o( tlie Baptist Church twenty-one
years; since 18G5 has practiced la\v at Brenham,
Texas, with distinguished success and profit. He
has heen president of the Texas Baptist Sunday-
School Convention, and is connected with all the
prominent benevolent enterprises of the denomina
tion, working earnestlv and contributing freely.
lie is in tlu: front rank as a lawyer, and he holds
a high place among the earnest working Christians
of tin I nitrd States.

Breland, Rev. 0. F., was a leading minister in
Southeast .Mississippi. lie was horn in Copiah
Co., Miss., in 1825; beiran to preach in 1S5 ,); or
dained in lS()t): supplied a number of churches in
Neshoba, Newton, and Lcake Counties, from two
to twelve years; baptized . SO 1 ); assisted in organ
izing seven churches and in the ordination of three
ministers ; wrote the history of Mount Sinai church,
and lia-&lt; preserved much historical material. His
residence is at Dixon, Neshoba Co., Miss.

Brewer, Rev. George E., was horn in Coving-
ton. Ga.. Oet. 13, 1832 : came with his father to Ala
bama at fifteen years of age ; began life for himself
as a teacher in 1S51. In 1852 was with his father,
Rev. A. G. Brewer (one of the founders of the Meth
odist Protestant Church), engaged in the publica
tion of the C/trixtian Telegraph, a weekly [taper for
that denomination. Returning to Alabama, was in
1S5G elected superintendent of public schools for
Coosa County. In 1857 he was elected represen
tative from that county to the State Legislature.
In 185 J he was chosen to the State Senate for a
term of four years. In 1862 he entered the Con
federate army as captain of a company. His field-
officers being prisoners from the IGth of May, 1863,
to the close of the war, he commanded the 46th
Regiment of Alabama soldiers, and surrendered the
regiment at Salisbury, X. C. In 1866, Gov. Patton
appointed him inspector-general of Alabama. This
office was resigned that he might enter upon the
work of an evangelist, under appointment of the
Domestic Mission Board. The religious side of
his history is as follows: Baptized at Roekford,
Ala., in I8f&gt;4, by Rev. Madison Butler. Ordained
in 1859 to take charge of the church in the city of
Wetempka, a connection which continued until he
entered the army. As an evangelist after the war,
through privation, and yet "with great spiritual
joy," he continued this work for several years,
part of the time without the patronage of any
board, and, on foot, reaching all his appointments,

giving satisfaction to the churches and receiving
satisfactory support. Since 1S70 he has devoted
himself to pastoral work, having charge for some
years of Talassec and other churches ; then for
some years at Opelika. Mr. Brewer is one of our
most clear-headed and warm-hearted men. A bold,
gifted, able preacher, with a high order of consecra
tion.
Bridgman, C. D. W., D.D. Dr. Bridgman

was born in Saugerties, N. Y., -Ian. 1, 1SIJ5. He

C. I). W. I1RIDGMAN. J).D.

was baptized by Rev. -Josiah TIatt into the fellow
ship of the Baptist church of Hohoken. N. J. His
first pastorate was at Morristown. N. J., then at
Jamaica, Mass., and in 1862 he took charge of Km-
manuel Baptist church of Albany, N. Y. During
his labors the church erected one of the largest and
finest edifices for public worship in our denomina
tion in the State. Supported by such well-known
men as Gov. Marcy, Hon. Ira Harris, Hon. Friend
Humphrey, Hon. Geo. Dawson, and others of wealth
and high social influence, the church became a
power for good in the capital of the State, and
throughout the country. During that pastorate
several of his sermons were printed and published
by his people; among them may be noted a dis
course delivered before the Pearl Street Baptist
church, Aug. 28, 1870, on the occasion of leaving
their old house of worship ; also a sermon entitled
(i The Nation s Exodus," a review of the civil Avar,
and a thanksgiving for peace. A discourse at the
funeral of Col. Lewis Benedict, who fell in battle
fighting for the Union. A memorial discourse ori
the life and service of Rev. Bartholomew T. Welsh,

BRIKKLY

133

BRIGGS

D.D.. was so highly prized that the Hudson lliver
North Association published it in its annual report. !
Perhaps his published discourse on the death of [
lion. Ira Harris produced the deepest impression |
on the public mind. The subject of the memorial
was an officer of his church, and had a national
reputation for probity, learning, wisdom, and piety,
giving the preacher a theme well suited to his
ability.

Dr. Bridgman is a scholarly preacher, of orthodox
views, faultless rhetoric, and fervid y.eal for the
Master.

In 1S7S ho accepted a call from the Madison
Avenue Baptist church, New York, a field well
adapted to his style of work, and lie has had
marked success in building up a congregation
which had been greatly reduced.

Brierly, Rev. Benjamin, was one of the most

distinguished, eloquent, -and influential of the early
preachers in California. Born in York. England.
Nov. 24. ISl 1, he came with his parents to America
in lS21. and during the great revival in Massa
chusetts in 1S31, he was baptized at Cunningham.
He believed that, he was converted in his earlv
childhood. As soon as he was baptized he gave
&lt;;reat promise of usefulness bv his fervent pravers
and exhortations, and devoted himself to the min-
istrv. His four years of study at Newt ii and
New Hampton were years of diligence, ami he
graduated with hiiih honor. lie was ordained in
1S3") at Dover, N. II., and during the next fourteen
years was a popular pastor at Dover, Great Falls,
Springfield. Middlebury, Vt. : Manchester, X. II. ;
and Salem. Mass. For the benefit of his health
he took a sea voyage rin. Cape Horn to California,
arriving there in August. 1S4 .I. lie was chaplain
of the first Legislature held in that State, preached
at San -lose, and was pastor at Sacramento. After
a short visit to the Mast he returned with his fam
ily to California in l.Sf&gt;l2 ; was pastor of the First
church, San Francisco, six years; at San -Jose two
years; and three years at Nevada City, where lie
died -July 1\, IS03. He was a man of great power
in the discussion of special religious themes. His
address in 1847 before the American Baptist Home
Mission Society, giving his reasons for becoming
a Baptist, was published by vote of the society, and
had a wide circulation.

Briggs, Hon. George Nixon. " Governor"

Briggs, for by this title he was best known, was
born in Adams, Mass., April I 1. 17%. His father
was a man of generous impulses and patriotic
spirit. In the war of the Revolution he fought
with Stark and Allen, and rejoiced in the victories
of the American army. He removed to Man
chester, Vt., when George was seven years of age,
and then to White Creek. Washington Co., N. Y.
For five years he devoted himself to the study of

law, and at the age of twenty-one was admitted to
the bar. One or two cases which he carried suc
cessfully through the courts won for him a repu
tation, and led to his being chosen to fill several.
important posts of honor and responsibility.

In 1X30 he was chosen to represent his section
of the State of Massachusetts in the House of
Representatives at Washington. In this relation
he was always the consistent Christian, the warm
advocate of temperance, as well as the accomplished
statesman. For twelve years he served his district
in the councils of the nation, leaving behind him
a name in Congress of unsullied honor.

In 1X43 his fellow-citizens, appreciating the ex
cellencies of his character, elected him governor
of the State. "He was a candidate." says his son.
" without caucus or convention or nomination, save
by the voice of the people/ When he was chosen
representative to Congress, so warm a place did he
come to have in the hearts of the people while he
filled the office of governor, that he justified the
course pursued by his constituents in sending him
to Washington and keeping him there so many
years. For nine years he held the office of gov
ernor, and administered the affairs of the State in
a way which secured him the respect and affection
of his fellow-citizens.

Having retired from his office, he was appointed
one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas,
until some change was made in the courts, when
his services were no longer in demand. During
this long period of civil service Gov. Briggs re
ceived some of the highest honors that his own

J3PIGGS

134

denomination could confer on him. lie was pres
ident of the Missionary Union, and those who
witnessed the dignity and urbanity and tact with
which he presided over its annual meetings, will
not lie unwilling to concede that he was a model
presiding nflicer. He was also president of the
American Tract Society at Huston, and the Amer
ican Temperance Union. Positions of honor and
trust were offered him, which he declined, among
these was that of chancellor of Madison Univer
sity.

The death of Gov. Brings was caused by a seri
ous accident. His last words were, I am at the
lowest point of animal existence. I don t see.
God and Christ are my all. I love you. !&gt;,&gt; what ,
you think best. Leave all to God, God, God.
He died Sept. 12, 1801.

No warmer or more sincere eulogies were ever
] Hissed on the characters of any of Massachusetts
distinguished statesmen and no State can boast
of a larger or more honored number than were
passed on Gov. Briggs. He was firm and un
wavering in his religious convictions, and true to
the principles of the denomination with which he
connected himself when he was but twelve years
of age. It was understood that he was a consci
entious Baptist, and that did not make him the less
a conscientious Christian. But the warmth of his
attachment to his own church in his Pittsfield
home it is not easy to measure. Its public and
its private worship were exceedingly dear to him.
Very touching were the questions which his pastor.
l&gt;r. Porter, asked at his funeral : Can it be, dear
brethren, that he will walk these aisles no more?
Can it be that his noble form, and mild blue eye,
and benevolent face will not be seen again in the
sanctuary ?

We, as Baptists, count it a great honor that we
can point to the name of the pure-minded gov
ernor of Massachusetts, upon whose fair reputation
no stain rests, and whose moral integrity was never
challenged by even the most violent partisan ani
mosity.

Briggs, Hon. Henry C., was bom in West Ha
ven, Vt., June 29, 1831. In his infancy his father
removed to Allegan Co., Mich. lie was educated
partly in Kalamazoo College and partly in the
University of Michigan. Ho was admitted to the
bar in 1861, having previously been chosen State
senator from Allegan County. lie was prosecuting
attorney for Kalamazoo County four years, and
judge of probate eight years. Soon after entering i
on the practice of his profession he was baptized
by Rev. Samuel Haskell, and has ever since been
specially interested in whatever pertains to the
kingdom of Christ. As superintendent of the Sun
day-school, as trustee of Kalamazoo College, as a
steadfast friend of temperance, he has won a good

name. Every Baptist in the State knows him as a
Christian lawyer desirous of honoring Christ.

BriggS, Rev. Joel, was born in Norton, Mass.,
April 15, 1757: hopefully converted in January,
1770: fitted for college with l!ev. William Nelson
and Rev. William Williams ; went to Brown Uni
versity ; was ordained as pastor of the Baptist
church in Randolph, Mass., Dec. 5, 1787. and re
mained with this church until the time of his death,
which occurred Jan. IS, 1828. The pastorate of
Mr. Briggs was one of unusual length, and was
fruitful for good. He witnessed four or five special
revivals among his people, in one of which his
church received an accession of between 70 and 80
members. From his church there were formed two
others, viz.. the church in Canton and the North
church in Randolph.

BriggS, W. A., of Blue Rapids. Kansas, is a
native of Western Massachusetts, and a nephew
of the late Gov. Briggs. The church at Blue
Rapids was organized and their house of worship
erected under his eflicient labors. His business
qualifications being of a high order, he has been
induced to accept the office of mayor of the city,
which position he has held several years, to the
great satisfaction of the people.

Bright, Rev. Thomas, was born in Walton,
England, in 1808. lie was baptized in Utica, N. Y..
and soon after entered the ministry. lie labored
as pastor of the churches in Richland. Pulaski,
and Adams, N. Y.. and in Elkhorn. Walworth.
Spring Prairie, Geneva, Fox Lake, Waupaca. and
Madison. Wis. He came to Wisconsin in 1852.
He was a widelv-known and greatly-beloved min
ister of Christ, a clear and strong preacher of the
gospel. He clung tenaciously to its doctrines, and
delighted in a full exposition of the plan of salvation.
And while he was a great expounder of divine truth,
he was at the same time richly experimental in his
preaching. His doctrines were personal experi
ences coming from his heart to the hearts of his
hearers. He was a safe and judicious counselor, a
wise man. His presence in the church, the council,
the Association, the convention, was always sought
by his brethren. He had no enemies.

lie fell with the harness on. While preaching
in his pulpit in Madison. Wis., on Sabbath evening,
Sept. 10. 1870. he sank back on the sofa in death.
In his decease the Baptists of Wisconsin lost one
of the best of ministers, a man whose well-bal
anced mind, large heart, and clear and experimental
knowledge of God s Word raised him far ab &gt;ve
many.

Brine, Rev. John, was born at Kettering. Eng
land, about 170o. When very young the Saviour
found him and revealed his love in him. and he
united by baptism with the immersed church of
Kettering, by which he was called to the ministry.

Bit IX SOX

135

BRISTOL

After preaching for a short time in the country,
he went to London in 173U to enter upon the pas
torate of the church in St. Paul s Alley. Cripple-
gate. He remained in this position thirty-live
years, and left it for his heavenly reward Feb. -1,
1705.

Mr. Brine was a great man measured by his in
tellect, his usefulness, and his influence. He was
a man of deep piety ; he was intimately acquainted
with the Holy Scriptures. He had an enthusiastic
love for the doctrines of grace, and next to Dr.
Gill, whose early ministrations brought him to
Jesus, he was for years the most influential leader
in the Baptist denomination. Ili.s doctrinal senti
ments were in exact harmony with those of Dr.
Gill. The doctor preached his funeral sermon, and
in it said. " I might take notice of his natural and
acquired abilities, his great understanding, clear
light, and sound judgment in the doctrines of the
gospel, and the great deep things of God. and of
his zeal, skill, and courage in vindicating important
truths published by him to the world, and by which
he being dead yet speaketh."

Mr. Brine was the author of 24 sermons, pub
lished separately at various times during his min
istry, and of 14 pamphlets and larger works.

Brinson, Rev. James, a pioneer in the region
between Ouachita and Red Kiver, was born in Ten
nessee. By his labors some of the earliest churches
in this region were gathered. lie died in 1S31.

Brisbane, Dr. Win. H., was born near Charles
ton. S. C. His ancestors were of aristocratic Eng
lish and Irish families, and he was the heir of
large wealth. His early education was intrusted
to Bishop England, of the Roman Catholic Church,
and subsequently to Rev. Win. T. Brantly, then
president of Beaufort College. At the age of fifteen
he was sent North, to the military school at Middle-
town, Conn., from which he was graduated with
honor at the age of nineteen. Soon after this he
was converted, and at once felt it to be his duty to
preach the gospel. His fine culture and attain
ments, and his consecration to the work, placed him
very early in the front ranks of the Baptist ministry
of the South. He had among his personal friends
such men as Fuller, Howell, Jeter, and Brantly ;
and among well-known public men he enjoyed the
friendship of Jackson, Calhoun, Clay, Webster, and
Benton. He was thoroughly familiar with public
affairs and current political matters, and his splen
did culture and large wealth gave him access to the
best society of the country. lie spent much time
at the State and National capitals, where he became
deeply interested in questions then agitating both
State and nation, among them the question of
American slavery. This subject had early in life
taken a deep and absorbing hold upon his mind,
he himself being a large slave-holder. After an

honest and prayerful consideration of the question,
extending through several years, he became con
vinced that the system was wrong ; and he resolved
to give freedom to his slaves. He bought back the
servants he had sold, and having purchased land
in Ohio, he came with his former slaves and settled
them in new homes, abundantly supplying the
means for their immediate support. Arid Dr. Bris
bane himself became a resident of Cincinnati. 0.
Here he labored with renewed consecration in the
work of the ministry. He became a radical and
uncompromising leader in the cause of human
emancipation.

For twentv-five vears Wisconsin was honored in
having this good man among her citizens. He was
w r idely known as the friend and champion of every
good cause. He preached the gospel in his declining
years with great power at Madison. Mazomanie,
Spring Green, and other places. He was greatly
admired for his undoubted conscientiousness, his
deep humility, his great services to the cause of
truth and sound reform. He died at his home at
Arena. Wis., on the 5th of April, 1878, aged
seventy-five years.

Bristol Baptist College, England, is the oldest
of the theological seminaries of the denomination.
Many of the eminent men who founded the early
Baptist churches in England and Wales had been
educated at the universities of Oxford and Cam
bridge, and when the doors of these great national
institutions were closed against Nonconformists by
law, after the restoration of Charles II., they felt
themselves compelled to provide for the continuance
of an educated ministry. In 1675 the Baptist
ministers in London invited their brethren through
out the country to meet in the following May in
the metropolis with a view to form "a plan for
providing an orderly standing ministry who might
give themselves to reading and study, and so be
come able ministers of the New Testament." Four
years after this meeting, in lf&gt;79, an excellent
deacon of the Broadmead church, Bristol, Mr. Ed
ward Terrill, executed a deed leaving a considerable
part of his property to the pastor of the Broad-
mead church for the time being, " provided he be a
liolv man, well skilled in the Greek and Hebrew
tongues, and devote three half-days a week to the
instruction of any number of young students, not
exceeding twelve, who maybe recommended by the
churches." In 1089 what was called a General
Assembly was convened in London, in which more
than one hundred churches were represented, and
it was resolved to raise a fund, one object of which
should be to assist " members of churches who had
promising gifts, were sound in fundamentals, and
inclined to study, in attaining to the knowledge of
Latin, Greek, and Hebrew." Progress, however,
was slow for various reasons. Mr. Terrill s fund

BRISTOL

136

BRITTAIX

did not become available until the death of his
widow, but there is evidence showing that -Mr.
Caleb Jope was chosen as one of the ministers of
the Broadmead church, Bristol, for the purpose of
teaching, and that he received support from Tor
i-ill s fund from 1714 to 17IU. With the acceptance
of the pastorate at Broadmead by Mr. Bernard
Fuskett. in 17-1), the .Bristol Academy became a
recoi^ni/.ed institution among the churches. The
Particular Baptist Fund, which had been established
in 1717, included ministerial education among its
objects, and from this quarter the work at Bristol
received considerable aid. Sixty-live students were
taught bv Mr. Foskett, of whom the most note
worthy were Benjamin Beddome, John Ryland. Sr.,
Benjamin Francis, Hugh Kvans, Morgan Edwards
(afterwards of Philadelphia), Dr. Ash. and Dr.
Llewellyn. Hu^h Evan.s succeeded Mr. Foskett,
and was succeeded by his son. Dr. Caleb Evans.
Under their direction the interests of the college
flourished, and in 1770 the Bristol Education So
ciety was formed " for the enlargement of the
number of students in this seminary, and its more
effectual and permanent support. Among the
students admitted to the college during Dr. Evans s
presidency were -John Rippon. John Sutclifl , Robert
Hall. Samuel Pearce, Joseph Hughes, the founder
of the British and Foreign Bible Society, William
Steadman. Joseph Kinghorn, John Foster, and
William Staughton. afterwards of Philadelphia.
In 17Sf), Robert Hall became one of the tutors in
the institution, and as assistant minister at Broad-
mead gave brilliant promise of the oratorical fame
which in subsequent years he attained. On Dr.
Evans s death. Dr. John Ryland, of Northampton,
accepted the presidency, and continued his official
service thirty-two years, until his death, in ]S2~&gt;.
The present edilice in Stokes Croft, Bristol, was
built in IS 11. Dr. Ryland was succeeded by the
Rev. T. S. Crisp, who for several years had rilled
the classical professorship and served the Broad-
mead church as assistant minister. Mr. Crisp held
the office until his death, in 186S, when he was suc
ceeded by the present distinguished president, Dr.
F. W. Gotch, who had been Mr. Crisp s colleague
since 1S46. and also a former student of the institu
tion. Under Dr. Gotch Bristol College maintains
its ancient reputation, and enjoys the confidence of
the churches. During its continuous history from
1720 to the present time about GOO students have
been registered on its roll, several of whom have
become presidents and professors in Baptist colleges.
Between forty and fifty missionaries of the Baptist
Missionary Society received their education at Bris
tol, among whom were Dr. Marshrnan, Dr. Yates,
John Mack, Thomas Burchell, and C. B. Lewis.
Bristol College possesses a remarkably valuable
library, and a choice collection of rare and antique

articles of various kinds, the munificent bequest of
Dr. Andrew Clifford. The library contains a manu
script copy of Wy cliff s translation of the Epistles,
the Acts, and the Apocalypse, and another of a Wyc-
liflite version of Matthew and the Acts, which be
longed to the celebrated Lord Cobham, the Lollard
leader; the copy of the great charter of Edward
I. which Blackstone used in preparing his Com
mentaries ; a copy of the first edition of Paradise
Lost." supposed to have been Milton s own copy;
a Concordance published in 1G7-5. with the auto
graph of John Bunyan. In English Bibles and
Testaments the library is very rich, the most val
uable book in the collection being a copy of the first
edition of Tyndale s New Testament, of which no
other complete copy is known to exist. It is literally
the FIRST English Testament, and as such it is justly
styled the most interesting book in the language.
There are no less than thirty-five different editions
of English Bibles and Testaments published during
the reigns of Henry A"III. and Edward VI.. in
cluding the rare and valuable first and second edi
tions of Coverdale s folio Bible. Of early printed
books, there are three from Caxton s press in
14S1-SL , the first books printed in England: the
second, third, and fifth editions of Erasmus s Greek
Testament; the "Nuremberg Chronicle, 14 ( .l. ! :
and a book called Robert! Sermones," printed in
147."). The walls of the library and museum are
adorned with a large collection of portraits, both
paintings and prints, of notable persons, for the
most part identified with the denomination. An
exquisitely finished miniature of Cromwell, one of
the few authentic likenesses of the great hero, is
the chief treasure in the museum, which is crowded
with objects of varied interest from all lands. A
bust of the Rev. Dr. Gifford, with an appropriate
Latin inscription, is placed over the entrance to the
museum.

Brittain, Rev. Jabez Mercer, of Georgia,

youngest child of Henry and Louisa Brittain. was
born May 4, 1X42, near Lexington. Oglethorpe
County. Ilis grandparents came into Georgia
from Virginia in 1797. and settled in Oglethorpe
County. Ilis father was a soldier under Gen.
Floyd in the Indian war of 1814, and was clerk of
the Court of Ordinary for Oglethorpe County for
many years. Ilis mother was a meek and pious
woman, who devoted herself assiduously to the
training of her children. Mr. Brittain was pre
pared for college by Prof. T. B. Moss, a distin
guished educator in Lexington, Ga., and entered
Franklin College, now the University of Georgia,
in January, 1859, graduating in 1861. He enlisted
in the Confederate army in September, 1861, and
became attached to Lawton s brigade in Stonewall
Jackson s division. After taking part in several
engagements, he was appointed chaplain to the 38th

BROADDUS

137

BROADDUS

Georgia Regiment in the summer of 1863. He took
sin active part in the great revival which occurred in
the Army of Northern Virginia, and baptized many
converts. In August, 180-1, he resigned his com
mission on account of a severe family affliction, and
was exempted from further military duty. He re
turned home and engaged in farming for three
years, after which he taught in the institutions of
learning at Dalton. Acworth, and Conyers, and he
is now principal of the Connigton Male Institute.
lie has also continuously engaged in pastoral work
for Baptist churches in Whitfield. Gordon, Bartow,
Rockdale, and Newton Counties, and he has filled
acceptably the position of moderator of the Stone
Mountain Association.

Mr. Brittain was converted in 18f&gt;7. and the
same year was baptized by Dr. P. II. Mell and
joined the Antioch church, Oglethorpe County.
Hi 1 was ordained in the fall of 18(13.

The frequent descent of genuine revivals in the
churches of his charge proves his faithfulness and
excellence as a minister: while the constant una
nimity with which be has boon called bv his
churches, and the various and numerous tokens (if
affection he has received from their members, show
the appreciation in which his services art; held.
Though he is a well-educated man and a thorough
Christian gentleman, his greatest ambition is to
excel in winning and training souls for the service
of Christ.

Broaddus Female College. This institution
was established in Winchester, Va., September,
1871, as Winchester Female Institute, Rev. S. F.
Chapman, Principal. After a brief service Mr.
Chapman was succeeded by Rev. E. J. Willis.
The school became prosperous, and the list of stu
dents increased until in the third year the number
reached ~ l.

The fourth session was opened under the name
of Broaddus Female College, in honor of Rev.
Wm. F. Broaddus, D.I). Two other denomina
tional schools were opened in the town, and the
money crisis occurring at the same time, the in
terests of this school were so affected that, in 1870,
it was moved to Clarksburg. W. Va., and is in it
flourishing condition. The Baptists of the State
have adopted the school and pledged to it their
support. Rev. E. -I. Willis continues as principal,
and is assisted by seven well-qualified teachers.
The course of instruction is extensive, furnishing
opportunities equal to those of any school for young
ladies in the middle Southern States. Nearly all
its sessions have been characterized by special re
ligious interest among the students, many of whom
have professed faith in Christ.

Broaddus, Wm. F., D.D., was born in Culpeper
Co., Va., April 30, 1801. His mind developed
rapidly, and he soon secured and held a prominent
10

position among his associates. He married at the
early age of eighteen, and was converted at the age
of twenty. In April. 1824. be was ordained to the
work of the gospel ministry, lie settled in Mid-
dleburg. Loudoun Co.. Va.. where he conducted
with great success a large school for younir ladies,
serving at the same time as pa.-tor. Mount Salem,
" F. T." Bethel, l. pperville. Long Branch, and
Middlebuvy churches. I u this field be labored
most successfully for sixteen years, serving the
churches in some cases without compensation, and
in others for merely a nominal salary. Antino-
mianism at that period held sway over this entire
region, and its advocates exerted themselves to the
utmost to render futile his plain gospel teachings
and faithful labors. Rut the truth gradually won
its way, until a complete revolution was made in
the views, feelings, and actions of individuals and
churches, so that no more exemplary and fruitful
churches can be found than those in the region
where Dr. Broaddus began his ministerial career.
The denomination at large knows but little of what
they really owe to him for having been the means
of driving out a "dead orthodoxy." and planting
in its stead a vital, active Christian life. In 18-10
he removed to Lexington. Ky.. where he en paired
in teaching and preaching, serving, besides other
churches, those at Versailles and Shelbvville.
About the year 1851 he returned to Virginia am 1 ,
I accepted an agency for the Columbian College,
Washington. I). C.. to raise an endowment fund for
that institution. In this he was quite- successful,
In 183") he accepted an invitation to become pastor
of the church in Fredericksburg, Va., where he
was soon instrumental in building a handsome
church edifice, and in gathering a large and efficient
congregation. Still retaining his strong predilection
for teaching, he opened here? a school of a high
grade for young ladies, which was conducted suc
cessfully for several years. In ]S")9 he undertook
an agency for raising money in Virginia towards
the endowment of the Southern Baptist Theological
Seminary. Returning to Fredericksburg on the
successful accomplishment of this agency, he re
sumed his pastoral labors, and continued them until
1803. when the city was occupied by U. S. troops
and the inhabitants scattered over the State. Dr.
Broaddus was held for a while by the U. S. authori
ties as prisoner in the Old Capitol" at Washing
ton, arid by his gentlemanly bearing, genial humor.
fund of anecdote, and straightforward, manly con
duct he won the kindest regards of all who came
in contact with him. Many a lonely hour did he
lighten up in the old prison-house as he narrated,
in his peculiarly interesting way, to friends grouped
around him. various adventures that he had met
with in the diversified course of his eventful life.
Dr. Broaddus, soon after his release, removed to

BROAD US

138

BROADUS

Charlotteville, Va., and became pastor of the
church in that place, which position he held until
180S, when he resigned and returned to Frcdericks-
buri; to prosecute an agency under the appoint
ment of the General Association for the education
of the children of deceased and disabled Confed
erate soldiers. This labor he carried on with great
success until 1872, when the further prosecution of
the work became unnecessary. Dr. Broaddus was
enabled by his persevering efforts to keep at school
for several years some thousands of poor children
with the money raised for that purpose. For a
brief period subsequent to this he devoted himself
to the work of a voluntary and independent evan
gelist, preaching wherever invited, until blindness
and increasing bodily infirmities prevented the fur
ther prosecution of these congenial labors, lie
died in Fredericksburg, Sept. 8, 1870, in the seventy-
sixth year of his age. The degree of IV). was
conferred upon Mr, Broaddus by the olnmbian
College in 1S.")4. As a man, Dr. Broaddus was
genial, gentle, and courteous. His constant and
varied intercourse with all classes of men gave him
a shrewd insight into the more recondite workings
of human nature. His companionship was as at
tractive to the young as it was to the middle-aged
and the old. His home was open to all, and troops
of friends have rested beneath his hospitable roof.
As a peace-maker he was pre-eminent, and the
blessings of many a household rested upon him for
his judicious and kindly counsel. To every good
work he gave his voice and his money, and fre
quently his personal labor, so that many now rise
up to call him blessed. As a preacher, he was
earnest, persuasive, practical. Obliged for years to
combat the erroneous views of those who abused
the doctrine of God s sovereignty, and necessarily
polemic in many of his earlier discourses, he never
theless held tenaciously to the fundamental doc
trines of grace, while he urged men everywhere
to prove their new spiritual life by new spiritual
works. A very large number, many hundreds per
haps, were converted through his instrumentality ;
and as a consequence no name in the long list of
faithful Virginia ministers is more earnestly loved
and tenderly revered than that of William F.
Broaddus.

Broadus, Rev. Andrew, was born in Carolina
Co., Va., Nov. 4, 1770. His love of letters and
his studiousness were such that he became one of
the most thorough Biblical scholars of his times.
About the age of eighteen he experienced a change
of heart, and, although strenuously opposed by his
father, who was a rigid adherent of the Episcopal
Church, he was baptized May 28, 1789, and be
came a member of the Baptist church of Upper
King and Queen, then under the care of the Rev.
Theodoric Noel. The duty of preparing himself

to preach the gospel at once pressed itself upon
his attention, and having been convinced that it
was his duty to do so. he preached his first sermon
at the house of Mrs. Lowrie, where, upon this, the
first occasion, Ilev. 11. B. Seniple also preached.
From the very beginning Mr. Broadus was popular
as a preacher. lit; was ordained Oct. 10. 17 .M,in
the church in which he was bapti/.ed. Among tht
first churches he served were Burrus s and Bethel,
in the county of Carolina, and also the church in
Fredericksburg. While supplying these churches
he also taught a school, and applied himself closely
to study. Subsequently he became pastor of Upper
/ion, Beulah, Mangohic, Salem, and Upper King
and Queen, with the last two of which he con
tinued to labor until the close of his life. Although
Mr. Broadus was known but to few personally be
yond the limits of his own State, yet. when in the
prime of life, he received invitations to become the
pastor of numerous churches in distant cities : from
the First church in Boston, in 1811 ; from the First
church in Philadelphia, in 1811: from the First
church in Baltimore, in IS] 1 ,); from the Xe\v
Market Street church. Philadelphia, in lsl ( ..) : from
the Sansom Street church, Philadelphia, in 1824;
and from the First church, New York, in 1832.
An ineradicable constitutional timidity, which
sometimes made him almost powerless in speech
when in the presence of strangers, and a deeply-
rooted attachment to old friends and old scenes,
prevented his acceptance of all such tempting
offers. He made the trial once in removing to
Richmond to take charge of the First Baptist
church in that city, but his stay there was short,
and he soon returned to labor again with his coun
try congregations. As a preacher. Mr. Broadus
was the foremost man of his generation. " In
clearness of conception, beauty of imagery, apt
ness of illustration, and tenderness of soul he was
pre-eminent. With a well-proportioned form, grace
ful manner, natural gesticulation, benignant coun
tenance, and musical voice, he held, as by a pleasing
spell, his enraptured hearers. All hung upon his
lips, unwilling to lose a word, while with softly
insinuating power he found access to the innermost
depths of the soul, causing all its fountains of
emotions to gush forth." His chief excellence
consisted in the exposition of the Scriptures, and
especially those passages suited to edify and com
fort the people of God. Contrary to what many
suppose to have been the case, his most effective
sermons were not preached on great occasions.
His love of quiet, and inveterate dislike of large
and promiscuous assemblies, generally kept him
away from Associations and conventions: and when
present and persuaded to preach, there was no cer
tainty that he would be able to fulfill his appoint
ment. It is recorded of him that having been

BROADUS

139

BROAD U

appointed to preach at a meeting of the Dover
Association in Matthews Co., Va., he went through
the preliminary services in his usual felicitous
manner, and when the large audience had settled
themselves to enjoy a spiritual feast, he came to
a sudden pause and said. " The circumstances of
the case / mean my case make it necessary to
excuse myself from proceeding with the discus
sion. His biographer adds, " The thought had
probably seized him that the expectations of the
people could not be met ; or he had recognized in
the congregation some one whose criticism lie
dreaded ; or the wind and roar of the ocean had
disturbed his nervous system ; whatever it was a
serious surprise and regret were felt by all. This
painful dread oi a crowd was, however, in a
measure overcome towards the latter part of his
life. Mr. Broadus s literary labors were also of
a high order, lie wrote a small volume, of some
70 pages, entitled The Age of Reason and Reve
lation, which was a reply to Paine s celebrated
attack on Christianity. This little work was pub
lished in 17 ( J5, while lie was still quite young, and
gives evidence of a well-stored mind and vigorous
logical powers. In 1X16 he published " A Bible
History, with Occasional Notes, to Explain and
Illustrate Difficult Passages." These notes" are.
indeed, valuable for the clear and satisfactory views
they open up of many of the dark passages of the
Word of God. The Dover Association requested
him, at one of their sessions, to prepare a com
mentary up in the Scriptures, which, however, he
did not undertake. He prepared an admirable
little "Catechism for Children," which was issued
by the American Baptist Publication Society. He
aNo prepared a manual of church polity and disci- j
pline. He did much for the hymnology of the
churches. As early as 1790 he prepared and pub
lished a collection of " Sacred Ballads," most of
which were in popular use at that time. About
1X2X he prepared the " Dover Selection," and after
wards the Virginia Selection," several of whose
hymns were of his own composition, and all of which
were very extensively used by the churches. Only
a few of Mr. Broadus s sermons have; been pub
lished, for, although he prepared his sermons with
the greatest care, making more or less extended
notes, he rarely wrote out his discourses. Mr.
Broadus was also a frequent contributor to the
Religious H&lt;T/&lt;/, for which he wrote a valuable
series of essays on Campbellism and its errors.
The Columbian College conferred the degree of
D.I), upon Mr. Broadus, but he respectfully de
clined to accept the honor.

"The Baptists of Virginia will long cherish the
fond memory of the excellence of his character,
the superior mental and oratorical powers with
which he was endowed, and the genial, useful in

fluence he exercised on the churches and the
world."

Broadus, John Albert, D.D., LL.D., Professor
of Homiletics and Interpretation of the New Tes-

JOHN AI.HF.RT }:UO\I&gt;rs, TXTX, LL.D.

tament in the Southern Baptist Theological Sem
inary, was born in Culpeper Co., Va.. Jan. 24,
1X27. His family is of Welsh extraction, and tho
name was formerly spelt Broadhurst. His father
was a prominent member of the Virginia Legis
lature a number of years. Dr. Broadus was edu
cated at the University of Virginia, where he took
the degree of A.M. in 1X;"&gt;0. In lS."il he was
elected Assistant Professor of Latin and Greek in
that institution, and filled the place two years. He
was pastor of the Baptist church at Charlottesville
during the same period and till 1X5;"). when he was
elected chaplain of the university, and served two
years. He then returned to his former pastorate.
In 1S59 he was elected to his present professorship.
In 1X63 he preached as missionary in Gen. R. E.
Lee s army. From this period till 18C&gt;5 he was
corresponding secretary of the Sunday-School board
of the Southern Baptist Convention. During this
period he published various small works, which
were circulated in such of the Southern States as
were accessible at that time. In 1X70 he published
a book on the " Preparation and Delivery of Ser
mons," which was republished in England, and
has been adopted as a text-book in various theolog
ical seminaries of different denominations in Europe
and America. Besides various review articles,
sermons, and numberless newspaper articles, he
published in 1867-69, in the Religious Herald, of

1UIOCK

140

HliOCKKTT

Richmond, Yn., a series of papers criticising the
American Bible Union s ver.-iou (( the New Testa
ment, and in 1872-73 another series entitled lie-
flections of Travel," in which he gave an account
of a tour he made through Europe, Egypt, and
Palestine in 1S70-71. I" l8~0 he |iiil)lishcd a
series of leetures on the history of preaching. I*r.
Bmadiis ranks with the ablest preachers of his
generation.
Brock, William, D.D., was born Feb. 14. ISHT,

at lloniton. in Devonshire, England. On his
lather s side he was descended from certain Pinch
refugees of the same name who had settled in the !
neighborhood some time in the sixteenth century.
"William Brock was only four years old when his
lather died. As the only free scholar in he en
dowed grammar school of the town he had a rough
schooling, and but for the native vigor of body and
mind the hardships of this early period of his life
would have crushed him. He was apprenticed at
the age of thirteen to a watchmaker at Sidmonth.
and served an apprenticeship of seven years. He
obtained a situation in Hertford, and during a two
years residence there he professed Christ in bap
tism, and began to exhort sinners to repent and
believe the gospel. lie was admitted a member of
the Baptist, church at Highirate. London, of which
his kinsman, the Rev. Mr. Lewis, was pastor, on
Jan. 10. 1S30. and in the following month, having
&lt;riven satisfactory proof s of a divine call to become
a preacher of the Word, he was recommended to
the committee of Stepney College as a student for
the ministry. His energy and diligence in study
were conspicuous, but his oratorical powers were
so evident and exceptional that his services were
too frequently in request to permit of his giving
undivided attention to his studies. Before the sec
ond year of his college course was ended he had
received more than one invitation to the pastorate,
and in the course of the third year the pressure
from two different churches became so strong that
the college authorities finally agreed to release him
from the remainder of the four years course of
study. lie had by this time been led to accept the
invitation of the church meeting in St. Mary s
chapel, in the old city of Norwich. I&gt;r. Brock
began his ministry in Norwich, May 10, 18)53. The
congregation were soon increased by the attraction
of the pulpit. The young pastor of twenty-five
years of age threw his whole soul into his work and
gave full proof of his ministry. Enlargements of
the edilice took place again and again. But in
1848 his friend, Sir Morton 1 eto, proposed that
Mr. Brock should become the minister of the new
church to be gathered in the edifice he was then
building in London, to be called Bloomsbury chapel.
After long and anxious deliberation the Norwich
church received their pastor s resignation, and in

December he commenced his London ministry. It
was a i^reat venture, but it was a great success
from the first. The munificent liberality of the
builder of the edilice and the courageous ability of
the mini&gt;ter were well matched. A crowded con
gregation was immediately gathered : conversions
and accessions from various quarters continually
augmented the membership : and the whole neigh
borhood felt the influence of the new church, which
poured forth help for all manner of benevolent, and
educational work. Bloomsbury chapel became the
centre of a Christian evangelization and philan
thropy the like of which could not then be easily
found in London. But notwithstanding the cost
of these home enterprises, foreign missions and
all good works received effective support. During
the twenty-live years of Dr. Brock s ministry at
Bloomsbury, as previously in Norwich, he took a
prominent part, in the religious movements o( the
time, and contributed to establish some of the
modes of evangelism now common, such as special
services in theatres and public halls. In denomi
national work he was a trusted counselor and
leader. When the London Baptist Association was
reorganized, in 1800. he was unanimously chosen
president: and in 18C&gt; ( .) he was cordially invited to
the chair of the Baptist Union of England and
Wales. His services to the Missionary Society were
exceedingly valuable, and he ever held himself
ready to obey its call. He was one of the founders
of the Society for augmenting Pastors Incomes,
promoting it himself with y.ealous liberality, and
in the recent movement towards a compacter or
ganization of the denomination his influence was
very effective. His literary labors were consider
able for a man so full of public work. His biog
raphy of Gen. Sir Henry Ilavelock had a very ex
tensive sale, and some of his occasional sermons
and lectures on denominational and general topics
have a permanent interest and value. lie received
the degree of P.P. from Harvard University, and
although he was reluctant to assume it. his friends
and the public, carried the point against him.
Finding his strength failing, he resigned his charge
in 1872. and thenceforward gave himself to the
service of the churches. With commendable liber
ality the church at Bloomsbury made provision for
his remaining days, but they were destined to be
few. His death occurred somewhat suddenly on
Nov. 13, 1875.

Brockett, Linus Pierpont, A.M., M.D., a son

of Rev. Pierpont Brockett, for fifty years a Baptist
minister in New England, was born in Canton,
Conn.. Oct. 10. 1820: fitted for college at Hill s
Academy, Essex, Conn., and Connecticut Literary
Institution, Suffield, Conn. ; entered Brown Uni
versity in 1837, but owing to ill health did not
graduate ; attended medical lectures at New Haven,

BRONSON

ff RONS ON

Conn., Washington, D. C., and New York City;
graduated M.D. in 1843; practiced medicine in
\e\v England and in Georgetown, Ky. Since
1840 he has devoted most of his time to literarv
pui-Miits. lie received the honorary decree of
A.M. from Amherst College in 1857. He has
published "Geographical History of New York,"
1S47 ; Memoir of James Edward Moystre," 1*55 ;
" The Pioneer Preacher," 1857 ; several reports
and essays on idiot education, 1855-57; "History
of Education," 1859; " History of the Civil War,
1*1)5; "Life of Abraham Lincoln," 1805; "Our
Great Captains," 1865; "Philanthropic Results of
the War," 1805; "Camp, Battle-Field, and Hospi
tal." 1800; "Woman s Work in the Civil War,"
1807; "Men of Our Day." 1808. and a new and
enlarged edition in 1872: "Woman, her Rights,
Wrongs, Privileges, and Responsibilities," 1809;
"The Year of Battles, a History of the Franco-
German War." 1871. and German edition, 1872;
"The Silk Industry in America," 1870; "The
Cross and the Crescent, 1877, etc. He has also
edited numerous religious works, and was, from
1850 to 1802. on the editorial staff of the New
American Cyclopaedia, and from 1801 to 1875,
one of the editors of the Annual Cyclopaedia,
and from 1872 to 1877. one of the editors of John
son s Universal Cyclopaedia. He has also been a
frequent contributor to religious quarterlies, maga-
/ines. and weekly periodicals, lie is the author
of "The Bogomils," the early Bapti&gt;ts of the
East, who form, as he believes, the missing link
between the Baptists of the fifth and those of the
fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and has other
religious works in the course of preparation. His
residence is in Brooklyn, N. Y.

Bronson, Rev. Asa Clarke, son of Rev. Asa

and Marinda (Jennings) Bronson, was born in
Stratfield, Conn., Aug. 7. 1822; united with First
Baptist church in Fall River, Mass., in 1X35 ; li
censed to preach in 1848 by Wakefield church,
R. I. : ordained, December, 184 .). in South Han
son, Mass., his father and brothers, S. J. and B. F.
Bronson. assisting; prospered in his settlement ; in
May, 1851. settled with North Reading church, and
had an extensive; revival ; in December. 1854. be
came pastor at Leominster ; in June, 1857, took
charge of Third Baptist church in Groton, Conn.,
and remained twelve years, greatly prospered in
revival*, and in uniting Second and Third churches,
even joining together the meeting-houses; became
pastor of Wallingford church in January, 1870,
erected a superb edifice, and baptized 80 persons ; in
July, 1870, settled in Paterson, N*. J.. and remained
three and a half years ; in November, 1879, took
the oven-sight of churches in Lebanon, Conn. Calm,
wise, energetic, prudent, persevering; sound in the
faith like his honored father.

Bronson, Benjamin Franklin, D.D., son of

Rev. Asa and Marinda (Jennings) Bronson, was
born in North Salem, N. Y., April 21. 1821 ; con
verted and baptized in Fall River, Mass., in 1830;
graduated from Madison University in 1844. and
Theological Department in 1840: ordained in Ash
land, Mass., 1840; pastor in Methnen. 1850; in
Woburn, 185S; h, Boston Highlands (Ruggles
Street church), 1802; in Southbridge, 1807; in
Putnam, Conn., 1872, where he is still laboring
(1880) ; has been much engaged in directing com
mon and high schools; was one of the editors of
" First Half Century of Madison University" : for
several years secretary of " Freedman s Aid Ciun-
mission" ; for two years secretary of Massachusetts
Baptist Convention ; received degree of D.I), from
Madison University in 1809.

Bronson, Miles, D.D., was born in Norway,
N. Y., July 20, 1812: having passed through the
course of study at the Hamilton Literary and Theo
logical Institution, he was ordained at Whitesbor-
ough, N. Y., and received his appointment as a
missionary April 29, 1830. He sailed for the field
of his labor the October following, and reached
Sadiya, Assam, July 17, 1837, where he remained
until his removal to Jaipur, May 13. 1838. His
interest having become awakened in the Nagas, a
tribe of people occupying the high ranges of moun
tains southeast of Jaipur, he visited some of them
| in January, 1839. and in 1840 repeated his visit,
In March of this year a station was established
among the Naga Hills, which was placed under his
charge for a short time, when it was deemed de
sirable that he should remove to Nowgong. Dr.
Bronson occupied this position for several years,
one of the most important works accomplished
being the founding and supervision of the Now
gong Orphan Institution, of which a fuller ac
count may be found in the article on Assam. In
1849, Mr. Bronson returned to the United States,
and remained here for more than a year, reaching
his field of labor early in 1851. He continued to
look after the interests of the Orphan Institution,
and, in his missionary tour, to care for the spiritual
interests of the natives. His labors were owned
and blest of God. In the fall of 1857 he once more
visited his native land, and earnestly appealed to
his brethren to cultivate more thoroughly the mis
sionary spirit, and give the men and the means to
carry on the work abroad. Returning again to
Assam in 1800, Dr. Bronson resumed his work at
Nowgong, and carried it on for some nine years,
when he made another short visit to this country.
In July, 1874, he removed to Gowahati to take the
charge of that important station. Although suffer
ing from poor health for the past few years, he
has been able to accomplish much in his station.
Forty-one years of his life have been devoted to the

cause of his Muster and Lori us a missionary of
the cross.
Bronson, Rev. Samuel Jennings, son of Rev.

Asa Bronson, was born in Danhury, Conn., in ISl J ;
converted at the age of ten ; baptized in Fall River.
Mass., at eighteen: graduated from .Madison I ni-
versitv in 1S44, and Theological Department, in
1846: ordained in Millbury, .Mass., Dec. Hi, 1846 :
in 1854 settled at Hyannis, Mass., and remained
thirteen years; in iSfiT settled in Winchester,
Mass.; in 1S70 returned to Millbury; through
failure of health, resigned and traveled; in 1874
settled in West Woodstock, Conn.; died in West
Woodstock, Conn., Jan. 10, KS7 ., and was buried
at Fall River, Mass. A thoughtful, edifying,
preacher: says his classmate. Dr. Graves, " one
of the best, purest, and most Denial men.

Brooks, Rev. Durin Pinkney, a pioneer Bap
tist and preacher of Oregon, was born Oct. S, lN.ll!.
in St. -Joseph Co., Mich.; moved to Iowa in 1838;
thence to Oregon in 1850. Baptized in 1853; he
was for years an active layman -. and in 1868 he-
entered the ministry, serving the I lepner. Meadows,
and Pleasant Valley churches; he assisted in or
ganizing all these bodies. He is a self-denying,
devout, and earnest preacher, and frequently travels
40 or 50 miles to preach to the scattered members
of these feeble churches in Oregon.

Brooks, Rev. Ivison L., was born in North
Carolina, Nov. 2, 17 ( J3. lie graduated with dis
tinction at the University of North Carolina. Here
he was contemporary with Thos. II. Benton and
Jas. K. Polk. With the latter he kept up a cor
respondence during life. lie was a lieutenant in
the war of 1812. He was baptized after retiring
from the army, and at once began to preach. His
first pastorate was in Georgetown, S. &lt;J.

He finally settled in Edgefield Co., S. C. He
devoted himself to preaching to several country
churches and to the instruction of his .servants.
Rev. J. C. Butler, one of our most useful and
respected colored ministers, gratefully remembers
the instructions of his former master.

lie ceased from his labors on the 14th of March,
1865, at the age of seventy-two.

Brooks, Kendall, D.D., son of Deacon Kendall
Brooks. wa.s born in Roxbury (now Boston), Mass.,
Sept. 3, 1821. He became a member, by baptism,
of the Dudley Street church, Aug. 28, 1836.
Having fitted for college at the public Latin school
of Roxbury, he entered Brown University in 1837,
and graduated in 1841. For the next two years
lie was tutor in the Columbian College. D. C., and
during most of that time preached to the E Street
church, Washington. He finished the prescribed
course of study in the Newton Theological Insti
tution in 1845, and having previously accepted a
call to the pastorate of the Baptist church in East-

port. Me., was ordained in Roxbury, Aug. 31, 1845.
He remained in the pastoral work in Eastport seven
years, and after a few months of service as asso
ciate secretary of the American Baptist Publication

KKNDAI.I, HUOOKS. !&gt;.]&gt;.

Society, he became Professor uf Mathematics and
Natural Philosophy in Waterville College. I luring
his three years of service in Waterville he was
stated supply for the church in Bloomfield. lu
October, 1855, he became pastor in Fitchbtirg.
Mass., where he remained till May. 1865. In both
Eastport and Fitchburg he was officially connected
with the public schools, holding the office of mem
ber of the Board of Education of the State of
Maine for two terms. From May, 1865, till Octo
ber. 1868. he was editor of the Xutional linplixt.
Oct. 1. 1868. he became president of Kalamazoo
College, and still holds that office.

In I860 Brown University made him a Doctor
of Divinity. From 1877 to 1879 lie was president
of the Baptist State Convention of Michigan,
having previously served the Convention as treas
urer seven years. In 1852, President M. B. An
derson, then editor of the New York 1 ci-nrder, said
of him, No man among us is better acquainted
with Baptist history and statistics in the United
States."

Brooks, Samuel, D.D., son of Deacon Kendall
Brooks, was born in Roxbury (now Boston). Aug.
30, 1831. Having fitted for college at the Roxbury
Latin school, he graduated at Brown University in
the class of 1852. He had received baptism at the
hands of Rev. Dr. T. D. Anderson during his
Sophomore year. The first year after graduating

BROOKS

143

BROTHERTON

he spent as assistant in the college library, and
subsequently one year as instructor in Greek. He
finished the course of theological study at Newton
in 1857, and immediately became pastor of the
Second church in Beverly, Mass., being ordained
Oct. 22, 1S5T. In September, I860, he was ap
pointed for one year instructor in Hebrew in the
Newton Theological Institution. After the expi
ration of the year he was acting pastor of the
church in South Framingham, Mass., for three
years. But his health, which had been seriously
impaired while he was a student, compelled him
to take a protracted rest from pastoral work. It
was not till the autumn of 1800 that he was well
enough to resume his duties, and then he took
charge of the church in West Medway, Mass.
Three years later he was chosen Professor of Latin
in Kalamazoo College, and he began the work of
that oflice on the 1st of January, 1870. This
chair he still fills to the entire satisfaction of every
one connected with the college. In his method of
work he is quiet and persistent. His influence is
greatest in his own field of labor and in the church
to which he belongs.

Brooks, Walter R., D.D., was born Aug. 3,
1821 ; entered the class of 1843. Madison Univer
sity : ordained at Ashville, Chatauqua Co., N. Y.,
July 5, 1842; pastor in Media, Perry, and Hamil
ton; in this la^t place for fifteen years. Here his
ministry was greatly blessed. Large accessions
were made to the church. His congregations were
composed not only of residents of the village,
but also of the professors and students of the uni
versity and other educational institutions in the
place-, to all of whom he endeared himself by his
faithful and sympathetic presentation of gospel
truths.

In 185!) was made secretary of the Education
Board of New York ; in 1803 received the degree of
D.I), from Madison University; in 1868 visited
Europe, Egypt, and Palestine with his family; in
1875 appointed Lecturer in Natural History in
Madison, which position he still retains.

Brooks, W. T., D.D., was born in Chatham
Co., N. C., Dec. (i, 180 J ; professed faith in Christ
in 1832; was ordained at the session of the Con
vention held with Rives chapel church in 1836, Dr.
Wait and Rev. Thomas Crocker constituting the
Presbytery ; graduated at Wake Forest College in
1839, and for many years was tutor and professor
in that institution. Dr. Brooks was pastor of
Mount Vernon Baptist church for thirty-two years ;
of the Henderson church for twenty years : and
has served churches at Forestville, Selma, Bross-
fields, and other points. For many years Dr. Brooks
was chairman of the board of trustees of Wake
Forest College, and presided over the State Con
vention during several sessions. He was honored

with the title of D.D. by Wake Forest College in
1874.

Broome, Gov. J. E., was elected governor of
the State of Florida, and served one term. Prior
to his being elected governor he resided at Fernan-
dina, and was an active member of the Baptist
church there, and one of its most liberal support
ers. He was also one of its deacons.

(iov. Broome is a native of South Carolina, and
for a few years past has lived in the State of New
Y r ork. lie is now about seventy-two years old. and
vigorous for one of his years. The first effort to
organize a Baptist church and build a house of
worship at Tallahassee, the capital, was during the
administration of Mr. Broome as governor.

.He is prepossessing in appearance and dignified
in bearing. Though a man of decided convictions
and fixed principles, for which he would make any
sacrifice, like all true Baptists, he has a liberal
spirit towards men of every persuasion, and he
gives generously to benevolent objects.

Brotherton, Hon. Marshall, was born in Erie,

Pa., Feb. 11. 1811. and was brought to Missouri

when quite young. He held the highest offices in
the city of St. Louis, and in the county. In 1845
he made a profession of religion; afterwards he
united with the Second Baptist church of St. Louis.
Mr. Brotherton was a man of benevolence, integ
rity, and modesty, " his heart was an asylum for
the sorrowing, his purse a treasury for the needy,"
and the man and all he possessed, a sacrifice for
Christ. His reputation never bore a stain, he en
joyed unusual popularity, and he deserved the love

JUtOUNER

144

of his follow-citi /.ons, and especially of tlio friends
of Christ. Ho died in IS71.

Brouner, Rev. Jacob H., was horn in the city
of Xe\v York, Jan. 1. IT .M. In tlio fifieenth year
of liis ago lie was bapti/.ed into tlie fellowship of
the First Baptist ehmvh hv tlio pastor, Rev. Wil-
liain Parkinson. If was evident to the nieinhers
of the church that the hid possessed promising
&lt;j;ifts for the work of the ministry. He received
from the church, while vet quite young, an in
formal license to preach. lie labored with his
friend. Rev. C. (&gt;. Sommers, for some time as a
missionary among the destitute. lie was ordained
in the Tabernacle church by Rev. Archibald
Mac-lay, D.I)., and others, in 1X1:2. His first pas
torate was at Sing Sing. X. Y., which lasted four
teen years. In 1S2X he accepted the pastorate of
the North Baptist church, Xew York, which ter
minated only with his death, after twenty years of
successful labor. During the time a commodious
house of worship was built, and 330 converts were:
baptized. His son for the last twelve years has
filled the same post with marked success.

Brouner, Rev. John J., is a son of the well-
known Jacob II. Brouner. so long the pastor of the
North Baptist church of New York. He was born
in Xew York. Sept. 2. 1X3 .). He was baptized by
Rev. John Quincy Adams, educated at Madison
, University, and in 1X64 was ordained in the old
North church, and settled as pastor of Mariner s
Harbor church, on Staten Island. During his stay
of four years the church was greatly enlarged and
strengthened. Tn IXfi J he was called to his father s
old field. the North church. and he has suc
ceeded so well that the church has resolved to
build a more commodious house of worship in a
very desirable location on West Kleventh street.

Brown, Rev. E. T., was born March 22, ISIS.
in Lancaster. Pa. His father died when he was
young. He was apprenticed at an early age in
Grocnsburg, Pa. ; there he was converted, and
joined the only church in the place, the Methodist,
but he would not be immersed by one who had not
been himself immersed. He was baptized by a
Baptist minister. Brother Brown joined a Baptist
church in Virginia. He soon after entered Recton
College, and studied till ill health compelled him
to cease. While at this school he was licensed to
preach, and in 1X42 he was ordained. Brother
Brown was pastor at Mount Yernon, "Woostor. and
Warren, (). Hundreds wen; baptized by him in
these places. lie was appointed chaplain in 1S( )3
in the 2d Ohio Cavalry. After the war he moved
to Sedalia. Mo., and was a missionary of the Home
Mission Society. He built a good house of worship
in Sedalia, and one of the best west of the Missis
sippi River in Clinton. Mo., and another substan
tial edifice for railroad men in Sedalia. and when

ho had installed a pastor over the last church of
his care in Sedalia he fell dead with paralysis,
June .), 1X71).

The memory of Mr. Brown is precious to larire
numbers, and his works will bless him for genera
tions.

Brown, Rev. Esek, was born in Warren. 11. I.,
Sept. 17. 17X7; baptized bv Rev. Ebenezer Burt in
llardwick, Mass., in IXlJ Jj licensed by the Baptist
church in Sntton, Mass., Feb. 20. 1X14; ordained
pastor of the church in Dudley, Mass.. June 15,
1X15; commenced his labors in Lebanon, Conn.,
Sept. 13. IXlX; here remained till his death;
preached with power before the Connecticut .Bap
tist State Convention in 1X27 : often preached with
acceptance before Associations ; was a man of re
markable readiness ; modest in deportment, untir
ing in zeal, "devoted to the salvation of the world,
few ministers have gone down to the grave carry
ing with them a greater amount of the; unalloyed
affections of a bereaved people : died at Lebanon,
after a pastoral*; of fifteen years, Sept. II, 1X33.

Brown, Rev. Freeman Gr,, was born in Cam
bridge, Mass., January, 1X13, and graduated at
Columbian College, Washington, I). (\. in the class
of 1X35. He entered Newton Theological Institu
tion one year afterwards, and graduated in 1X3 J.
lie was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in
Portsmouth. N. II., Feb. 5, 1X4(J, and remained
there for three years. His subsequent pastorates
were at North Dorchester and West Townsend,
Mass. He was the agent of the American and
Foreign Bible Society from 1X53 to 1x5(5. He was
pastor in Hamilton. Canada West, from iXl tl to
]S(i3. lie now resides in Cambridge, having no
pastoral charge.

Brown, Rev. GustavUS, a colored Baptist
preacher, was born in Fauquier Co.. Va.. in 1X15.
In 1X28 he was brought to Kentucky. Ho experi
enced religion in 1X32, at seventeen years of age,
and was baptized in Cheautau s Pond. St. Louis, by
Elder Jerry Meaehum, the first colored pastor in
Missouri. Brother Brown was licensed to preach
in 18 , .!, and ordained by Rev. J. M. Peck, P.P.,
and Dr. S. Lynd. in 1X46. lie was called to the
pastorate of the Nineteenth Street Baptist church
in Washington. D. ( .. in 1X49; labored six years
in that church, and four in the Second church of
Washington. Came again to St. Louis in 1X5 ,),
and still preaches there ; is a useful and good man.

Brown, Rev. Henry A., was born in Roek-

ingham Co., N. C.. Sept. 2X, 1X46; baptized in
June, 1X66; graduated at Wake Forest College in
1X71 : was ordained at Yancevville. August, 1X71,
the Presbytery consisting of Revs. AV. S. Fontain,
L. G. Mason, F. II. Jones, and F. M. Judan. Mr.
Brown has served the church in Fayettevillo for
three years, and has been the pastor of the Winston

BROWN

145

Bit OWN

church fur nearly three years. A good pastor and
preacher.
Brown, Rev. Hugh Stowell, pastor of the

Myrtle Street Baptist church, Liverpool, England,
is the son of a clergyman of the Church of England,
and was born at Douglas, in the Jsle of Man, on Aug.
10. 1S123. When about seventeen years old he was
placed in the engine-works of the Northwestern
Railway at Wolverton, and remained there some
three years, becoming during that time practically
acquainted with the manufacture and driving of lo
comotives. In his working hours, as well as in his
leisure, he diligently carried on his studies of lan
guages, mathematics, and philosophy. Returning
home when about twenty years of age, lie entered
King William College as a student, with a view to the
ministry of the Established Church, and attracted
favorable notice by his ardor and diligence. At
this time the principles involved in the church
and state controversy deeply exercised his mind,
and in his perplexity he hesitated to seek ordina
tion. His home training had made him familiar
with religious truth, but a succession of severe
family bereavements, including the death of his
excellent father, had a powerful and chastening
influence upon his mind. Ultimately he deter
mined to join the Baptist denomination, and he
was baptized at Stoney Stratford, near Wolverton.
by the llev. E. L. Forster, the pastor of the Baptist
church there, with whom he had previously be
come intimately acquainted. Very soon after his
baptism he accepted an engagement in town mis
sion work at Liverpool, and whilst in this service
he attracted the attention of the Myrtle Street
church, whose venerable pastor, the llev. James
Lister, needed an assistant. About the close of
1S47 he received an invitation to the pastorate of
the church, being then in his twenty-fifth year.
His predecessor was a man of much ability and
strength of character, and had ministered to the
church upwards of forty years. It was. therefore,
no easy task to fill his place, but from the first
Mr. Brown s ministry was successful. In 1S47
the Myrtle Street church reported :&gt;17 members and
5f)4 Sunday-school scholars. In 1X77 the member
ship was DO!), the Sunday-school scholars 1850. and
there were seven mission stations connected with the
church. Mr. Brown s Sunday afternoon lectures to
workingmen, in a public hall, won for him the ears
and hearts of thousands. In this field he has the
honor of leading the way. Stirred by his signal
success, many other ministers in different parts of
the country, especially in the large cities, gave
themselves to the work, and the work has gone on
ever since with gratifying results. These lectures
are widely known, large editions of them having
been printed in England and America. For plain,
downright speech on prevalent social evils and

common sins Mr. Brown can hardly be surpassed.
On the lecture platform, as well as in the pulpit, he
is equally popular, and in both spheres of effort he
has rendered most valuable public services. In
Liverpool, where he has ministered for more than
thirty years, he occupies a leading position among
public men. By the Baptists of the United King
dom he is regarded with affectionate esteem as a
tower of strength, lie was elected to the chair of
the Baptist Union in 1*7S by unanimous consent,
and has frequently been called to prominent ser
vice in the interests of the body. As a preacher
he excels in exposition, and his utterances have a
singular freshness and point, with an unconvcn-
tionality of phraseology which is very striking.
The Myrtle Street church under his leadership has
done much for the promotion of denominational
principles in Liverpool and the neighborhood, be
sides raising large sums of money annually for
foreign missions and other evangelistic enterprises.
Mr. Brown visited the United States and Canada
in 1S72, and was cordially welcomed everywhere.
He has taken a lively interest in the recent move
ments looking towards a unification of the churches
in denominational work. His preaching is richly
evangelical, and has been attended with marked
spiritual power.

Brown, James F., D.D., was born at Scotch

Plains, N". J.. July 4. 1SH). lie graduated from
the University of Pennsylvania in 1S41. and
studied theology with llev. Dr. Dagir. He was
ordained pastor of Gainesville Baptist church,
Ala., and in 1S4f&gt; took charge of the (&lt;reat Valley
church, Pa., in which he remained eight years,
and was then called to his native place in 1S54,
where he ministered six years. The First church
of Bridgeton had his valuable services for about
eight years, and the old church at Piscataway then
was under his charge for ten years and a half,
when failing health compelled him to resign in
1S78. A man of scholarly attainments, gentle
spirit, sound theological views, large sympathies,
and blessed in his past ministry, it is hoped that
he may have sufficient health to resume the pas
torate. The university at Lewisburg, Pa., of
whose board of curators he is a member, and of
which he was chancellor for several years, con
ferred upon him the Doctorate of Divinity in
1863.

Brown, Jere. It is regretted that, the writer
failed to obtain matter out of Avhich to make a
sketch of the late Deacon Jere Brown, of Sumter
County, Ala.; a man of great wealth before the
war, a princely planter, an intelligent and cultivated
gentleman of vast influence, and liberal with his
money. At one time, some twenty-five years ago,
he gave 25,000 to the endowment of a theological
chair in Howard College, and a beneficiary fund,

11 R OWN

140

BROWN

which was blessed to the assistance of many young
ministers in securing an education. Another
Deacon Brown, a near relative of Jere Br&lt;&gt; &gt;!, in
the same community, though not so wealthy (yet
quite wealthy), was a man of equal worth and in
fluence.

Brown, J. Newton, D.D., was l&gt;orn in New

London, Conn., in -June, 1X0, }; was baptized in
Hudson, X. Y., in IS 17 ; graduated from Hamilton,
N. Y.. in 182:3; ordained in Buffalo in 1824 ; pas
tor in Maiden, Mass., in 1827 ; in 1829 pastor of a
church in Kxeter. N. II.; in 1S3S Professor of The
ology and Pastoral Relations in the New Hampton
Institution, N. II.; in 1845 pastor of the church of
Lexington. Va. ; in 1849 editorial secretary of the
Baptist Publication Society. He was the author
of the little creed so commonly adopted in newly
organized Baptist churches, and known as "The
New Hampshire Confession." Like the mild Dr.
Brown, it is gently Calvinistical. He edited the
" Encyclopaedia of Religious Knowledge," one of
the valuable works of modern times.

Dr. Brown had poor health most of his life, but
it was the only poor thing about him ; he had great
faith ; he was never angry ; he loved every one ; he
was the meekest man the writer ever knew ; he
walked very closely with God. He fell asleep in
Jesus May 14, 1808, in Germantown, Pa.

Brown, Rev. Joseph., was born in Wickford,
R. I, His early life was spent on the farm and in
one of. the woolen-mills belonging to his father.
By private study he fitted himself for the Fresh
man class at Yale. He completed the course,
graduating with special honor in a class of ninety.
In 1844 he returned to Yale and took his second
degree. A few years later he taught in the Pitts
burgh Female Seminary. Under the auspices of the
Ohio Baptist State Convention he organized a
church at Gallipolis and was then ordained, lie
spent ten years as pastor of the First Baptist
church of Springfield, 0., and during the time
completed a theological course in Wittenberg Col
lege of the same city. In I860 he became pastor
of the Baptist church in Terre Haute, Ind. In
1870 he moved to Indianapolis, and soon entered
upon the duties of corresponding secretary for the
Indiana Baptist State Convention, and served for
five years, when failing health obliged him to re
sign. He was a truly nuodest man, a preacher of
decided ability, and a faithful servant of his Mas
ter. His illness was protracted. He expressed a
wish that he might die on Sunday. The Lord
called him Sunday, Aug. 11, 1878. He left 1000
to the Indiana Baptist State Convention.

Brown, Hon. Joseph Emerson, United States
Senator and ex-governor of Georgia, and one of the
most remarkable and distinguished men of the day,
was born in Pickens District, S. C., April 15, 1821.

His tincestors emigrated from Ireland in 174") and
settled in Virginia, afterwards they moved to South
Carolina, and from it to Georgia. During his mi
nority, down to his nineteenth year, Jos. E. Brown

GOV. .JOSEPH E. HROH \.

lived upon a farm. In 1840 he entered Calhoun
Academy, in Anderson District, S. C.. where he re
mained three years. He then engaged in teaching
at Canton, Ga., reading law at night, till he was
admitted to the bar, in August, 1845. Afterwards
he spent a year in the law school of Yale College,
and in the fall of 184ti he entered regularly upon
the legal profession at Canton. Ga. He was elected
to the State Senate in 1849, serving two years, and
in 1855 he was elected judge of the Superior Court
of the Blue Ridge Circuit. He was elected gov
ernor in 1857. In 1859 he was unanimously re-
nominated for governor, and was re-elected. In
1st )] he was again renominated for governor, and
again re-elected, and in 1804 the people for the
fourth time in succession called him to the guber
natorial chair. As governor of the State he espoused
the cause of secession, and sent not less than 120.000
men to the field from Georgia.

Subsequently to the war Gov. Brown "accepted
the situation," acquiesced in the reconstruction
measures of Congress as a necessity resulting from
the war, and published a letter advising his friends
to follow the same course.

In 1868 he was appointed chief justice of the
Supreme Court of Georgia by Gov. Bullock for
twelve years, which was confirmed by the State
Senate; but he resigned in 1870, and became one
of the lessees for twenty years of the Western and

147

BROWN

Atlantic llailroad, belonging to the State of Georgia.
He was chosen president of the company, which
office he still retains, and under his excellent man
agement the road pays into the State treasury
$300,000 per annum, besides benefiting the com
pany. Gov. Brown is also president of the Southern
Kail way and Steamship Association, which em
braces nearly all the railroad corporations east of
the Mississippi, and from the Potomac to the Ohio
Kivei 1 . For twenty years he has been a trustee of
the State University : has been president of the
Board of Education of Atlanta ever since its or
ganization ; has had much to do with shaping the
public; school system of that city : and during the
present year (1SSO) lie made the handsome dona
tion of S50.000 to the Southern Baptist Theological
Seminary at Louisville. Ivy. In the summer of
1SSO he was appointed by Gov. Colquitt to fill the
unexpired term of Senator Gordon in the V. . S.
Senate, where, as in every other position held by
him. he did himself credit, and gave evidence of
that large mental capacity which has always char
acterized him. Gov. -Brown has ever been a faith
ful and active Baptist since uniting with the church
when he was a young man. For years he has been
chairman of the finance committee of the Second
Baptist church of Atlanta, the financial manage
ment devolving mainly upon him. As a financier
he is probably unsurpassed, and he is now very
wealthy.

lie frequently attends the public convocations of
hi&gt; brethren, and lie is always received with the
highest respect. A man of wonderful firmness.
sagacity, power of will, and excellence of judg
ment, lie has always succeeded in his undertakings.
Almost every honor a State can bestow upon a
favored citizen has been conferred upon him. and
he exerts an influence in Georgia wielded by no
other man.

Brown, Rev. Joseph Prentice, son of Henry

and Lucy (Prentice) Brown, was born in Watcrford,
Conn., Oct. 27, 1X20; a cousin of Rev. J. Xewton
Brown, D.I).; converted at the age of seventeen;
unired with First Baptist church of Waterford,
Conn., at the age of twenty ; educated at East
Greenwich Academy, 11. I., and New Hampton
Theological Institution, N. II. ; ordained in Charles-
town, R. I., -January, 1X47 : remained two years,
blessed in toil; in March, 1X49. settled with the
Union Baptist church in Plainfield. Conn., and la
bored with signal success for twenty-two years; in
1871 settled with the Second Baptist church in Xew
London, and served about six years ; a man of native
strength and sound judgment: spiritual and earnest
in his work; both pastor and evangelist; baptized
above 300 persons ; a member of the State Legis
lature, in 1X65, from Plainfield; served on Boards
of Education ; more than twenty years on the Board

of the Connecticut Baptist State Convention, and
once its president; always wise in council.

Brown, Nathan, D.D., was born in Xew Ips
wich. X. II.. June 22, 1X07. lie graduated at Wil
liams College, Mass., in 1X27, and at the Newton
Theological Institution in 1X30. lie was ordained
at Rutland. Vt., April 15. 1X31. Having been
appointed as a missionary, he sailed from this
country Dec. 22, 1X32. and reached Calcutta. May
5, 1833, and proceeded at once to take charge of
a mission to the Slums. He commenced his work
March, 1X36, in Sadiya. at the northeast extremity
of Assam. lie removed, in 1X39, to Jaipur, and
to Sibsagor in 1X41. While here. Dr. Brown
directed his special attention to the work of trans
lation. The whole New Testament in Assaman
was printed in 1X4X. Year after year new and
revised editions were issued from the press, and Dr.
Brown had the satisfaction of knowing that he had
been an instrument in the hands of God of giving
the knowledge of the truth "as ir is in .Jesus" to
millions of the human race. In lN."&gt;5, Dr. Brown,
after twenty years of faithful service, returned to
his native land. Differences of opinion as to mat
ters of missionary policy having come between Dr.
Brown and the Kxecutive Committee, his connec
tion with the Missionary Union was dissolved July
26. 1X59. For several years Dr. Brown was engaged
in editorial work in this country, and in advocating
the claims of the Free Mission Society. In 1X72
the Union unanimously voted to take charge of the
Japan mission of the American Baptist Free Mis
sion Society, and Dr. Brown s connection with the
Union was restored, and he was sent to -Japan. He
reached Yokohama in February, 1X73. and entered
upon his missionary work. During a part of the
five years past he has given his special attention
to the work of the translation of the Bible into
the Japanese language. In the report of 1X7X we
find that, within the last three years, over 1,000.000
panes of Scripture, including the first three gospels
and portions of theOld Testament, have been printed.
When the whole Bible, faithfully translated, shall
have; been given to the 33,000.000 that inhabit
Japan, Dr. Brown may well thank God for the part
which he has been permitted to take in so blessed
an undertaking.

Brown, ObadiahB., D.D., was born in Newark,
N, J.. July 20, 1779. He was educated a Presby
terian, but in early life espoused the views of Bap
tists. He was engaged in teaching for several
years, and about the age of twenty-four was bap
tized. Wishing to devote himself to the ministry,
he studied theology under the care of the Rev. W.
Van Horn, of Scotch Plains. After his ordination
he preached for a short time at Salem. N. -I., and
removing thence to Washington, D. C., in 1X07,
he became pastor of the First Baptist church in

BROWN

148

BROWN

that city, in which relation ho continued for up
wards of forty years (1X50), until growing physical
infirmities prevented his officiating longer. lie
was chosen repeatedly chaplain to Congress. IV.
Brown took a deep interest in education, and was
for a long time a most efficient member of the
hoard of trustees of the Columbian College. lie
was greatly interested also in missions, and in con
nection with Rico and others promoted the organ
ization of the Baptist General Convention for mis-
sionary purposes. His pulpit efforts were marked
by an unusual vigor of mind, and sometimes by
great power and effectiveness. He died May 2,
1852.

Brown, Gen. P. P., was horn in Madison Co.,
N. .. Oct. 8, 1S23. He was converted at eight
years of age. After teaching in various places he
removed to Alton. 111., and became principal of the
Preparatory Department of Slmrtleff College. In
18f )2 he organized the 157th Regiment of N". Y.
Vols. lie was soon promoted to be a brigadier-
general for gallant service : he was commended for
his bravery at the battle of Chancellorsville. At
the battle of Gettysburg he guarded a battery in
a very ha/.ardous position. With honor he closed
his military career.

Gen. Brown has since the war resided in St.
Louis, and is a faithful member of the Second
Baptist church of that city.

Brown, Rev. Simeon, was born in \orth Ston
ington. Conn., Jan. 31, 1722; a man of native
talents: belonged to the standing order ; was con
verted under Whitefield s preaching about 1745 ;
joined the Xcw Lights; united with Rev. Stephen
Babcock in forming the Baptist church in Westerly
in .1750, and was deacon; opened his house in
North Stonington to the famous Council of May
29. 1754; was baptized by Rev. Wait Palmer in
1764; in March, 1705, organized the Second Bap
tist church in North Stonington, and was ordained
pastor; was associated in the ministry with breth
ren Babcock. Morse, Palmer, Darrow, Lee, AVi-ht-
man, Silas Burrows, Backus, West, and Asa Wil-
cox ; remained pastor of tin; church fifty years;
was assisted by Rev. Asian- Miner; a strong, pure.
earnest man: died Nov. 24, 1815. in his ninety-
fourth year, leaving a shining record.

Brown, T. Edwin, D.D., was born in Wash
ington, I). C., Sept. 26, 1841, and was educated in
the schools of his native city, graduating at Co
lumbian College in 1801. with the highest honors
of his class, lie was immediately appointed tutor
of Greek and Latin in the college, which position
he filled with great acceptance for two years. But
feeling moved to enter the ministry, he accepted
a call to the Tabernacle Baptist church in Brook
lyn, where he was ordained pastor in November,
18G2. This relation continued for seven years, dur

ing which tim 1 ho greatly endeared himself to his
people by his arduous labors, his excellent spirit,
and his superior talents as a preacher. lie also
steadily gained in reputation and influence in New
York and Brooklyn. His scholarly habits and
polished manners qualified him for any circle of
society, and it was with deep regret the people of
Brooklyn parted with him when, in November,
18(&gt;9, he accepted the call of the Second church
of Rochester. During his pastorate at Rochester
Mr. Brown has developed rare powers as a preacher
and student. He is a young man, and vet minis
ters acceptably to one of the most cultivated con
gregations in the State of New York. The Uni
versity of Rochester conferred upon him the decree
of Doctor of Divinity in the year 1875.

Brown, Rev. Thomas, was born in Newark.
N. ]., Nov. 1, 1779. lie was converted at sixteen.
Shortly after reaching twenty-one he left the Pres
byterian for the Baptist denomination. He was
educated in the academy of Dr. Samuel -Jones, of
Lower Dublin, Pa. In 1806 he was ordained as
pastor of Salem Baptist church, N. -I. In 1808 he
took charge of the Scotch Plains church, over which
he presided for twenty years, and in which the
richest blessings of heaven rested upon his efforts.
He removed to the Great Valley church. Pa., in
1828, where the Lord was pleased to smile upon
his labors. The church was greatly prospered, and
the pastor was tenderly loved. He died Jan. 17,
1831. He was a good man, a faithful minister, and
a happy Christian.

Brown, Rev. William L., was born in Provi
dence, R. L, January, 1813, and graduated at
Brown University in the class of 1831). lie pur
sued a two years course of theological studv at
Newton. lie was ordained Feb. 14. 1839. His
pastorates have been with the churches at Ann
Arbor, Mich. ; Bristol, R. I. ; West Springfield,
Westborough. and Watertown, Mass. ; at Mount
Pleasant and Ottumwa, Iowa : and North Reading,
Mass., where he is at the present time (1880) in
active service.

Brown, Rev. William Martin, a prominent

Baptist minister, was born in Halifax Co., Ya.,
Auu;. 18, 1794. lie came to Mercer Co., Ky.. in
1813, and two years after\vards settled in Hart
County of that State. He united with Bacon
Creek church in 1821. and five years afterwards
became its pastor, and served in that capacity
thirty-two years. He was also pastor of Knox s
Creek and South Fork churches. Under his
ministry two of these churches became the
largest in Lynn Association. Mr. Brown traveled
and preached extensively in that region of the
State, and formed several churches. He died June
3, 1801. Two of his sons, James II. and D. J., be
came useful Baptist preachers.

BROWN

BROWN, OP PROVIDENCE, THE FAMILY OF.

Brown, Rev. Chad, the ancestor of the distin
guished Brown family of Rhode Island, was born in
England about 1610. lie is said to have been "one
of that little company who fled with Roi^er Williams
from the persecution of the then colony of Massachu
setts." The lot which was assigned to him in the
division of lands which was made in Providence
included within it what is now the college grounds,
of Brown University, lie seems to have been a
man of importance in those early times, liavinir
been chosen, with four other citizens, to draw np a
plan of agreement for the peace and government
of the colony, which for several years constituted
the only acknowledged government of the t&gt;wn.
Mr. Brown maybe regar led as the first " elder."
or regular minister of the First Baptist church in
Providence, the church founded by Ro^er Williams.
AV bile Mr. Brown was the minister of the First
church in Providence there arose a great contro
versy, which agitated not only the t &gt;wn. but the
whole colony. It was with reference to the " laving
on of hands." alluded to in Ileb. vi. 1. 1, and Mr.
Brown was earnest in maintaining the obligatori-
ness of the rite, as being one of divine authority.
He died about the year 1005. " His death," says
Dr. Guild, "was regarded by the colonists as a
public calamity, for he had been the successful
arbitrator of many differences, and had won the
not unenviable reputation of being a peace-maker."
Roger Williams spoke of him, after his death, "as
that wise and godly soul, now with God." He was
the worthy head of honored descendants.

Brown, John, the oldest son of Rev. Chad
Brown, was born in England in 1030. According
to Dr. Guild, "he appears to have been a man of
influence in the colony, and to have inherited the
character and spirit of his father: he appears to
have taken an active part in the affairs of the
colony, and to have occupied positions of trust and
honor."

Brown, Rev. James, the second son of John.
was born in Providence in I0i&gt;5. He was associated
for a. time with the Rev. Pardon Tillinghast as one
of the pastors of the First Baptist church of Provi
dence, lie is spoken of as an example of pietv
and meekness worthy of admiration.

Brown, James, the second son of the Rev.
James Brown, was born March 22, 109S ; he de
voted himself to mercantile pursuits, and his efforts
were successful. His wife was a lady of great
wisdom, and gave a home training to four sons
which made them the most distinguished men in
the colony. The names of the celebrated four
brothers" were Nicholas, Joseph, John, and Moses.
Brown, Nicholas, the first of the " four broth
ers," was born in Providence, July 2S. 1729. lie
was called at an early age to assume grave respon

sibilities in consequence of the death of his father.
With a decided taste for a business life, he entered
I upon his career as a merchant, and was eminently
successful. Engrossed in business, he devoted him
self to his chosen calling with great diliirenc". and
reaped abundantly the reward of his fidelity. Like
so many others who bore his name, he was a friend
to the college and the church which have done so
much for the Baptist cause. Iledied May 29, 1791.
His religious character is thus described by Dr.
Stillman : " Religion was bis favorite subject. To
Christianity in general as founded on a fullness of
evidence, and to its peculiar doctrines, he was firmly
attached: and from his uniform temper, his love
for the gospel and for pious men, together with his
many and generous exertions t &gt; promote the cause
of Christ, we may safely conclude that he had tasted
that the Lord is gracious. Therefore we; sorrow
not as those who have no hope/ lie was a Baptist
from principle. Blessed with opulence, he was
ready to distribute to public- and to private uses.
I In his death the college of this place, this church
and society, the town of Providence, and the gen
eral interests of religion, learning, and liberality,
have lost a friend indeed/

Brown, Joseph, was bom Dec. 3. 1733; he was
the second of the " four brothers" : he was enuaged
in mercantile pursuits. He had scholarly tastes,
and in the department of natural sciences he was
justly regarded as occupying a high place. He
sustained an intimate connection with the college ;
in 17SJ he was appointed Professor of Natural
Philosophy, and he performed the duties of this office
without financial compensation. For many years
he was a. member of the First Baptist church, and
contributed largely towards the erection of its ele
gant edifice. He died Dec. 3, 17S5. By the de-
cea^e of the late Mrs. Eli/a B. Rogers, the daughter
of Mary Brown, who married Dr. Stephen Gano,
this branch of the Brown family became extinct.

Brown, John, the luird of the distinguished
"four brothers Brown." of Providence, and a
lineal descendant of Rev. ( had Brown, the first
minister of the venerable First Baptist church,
Providence, R. 1., was born in that town Jan. 27,
1730. He early developed a decided aptness for
business, and was the first merchant in Providence
who carried trade to China and the East Indies.
The interests of the church, with which so many
of his ancestors had been connected, were especially
fostered by him. To his generous aid and his far-
seeing wisdom is largely due the erection of the
splendid house of worship which for more than a
century has been the place of meeting for the
church. Under the pastoral care of President
Manning, of Brown University, the congregation
grew so large that the old meeting-house erected
in 1720 was entirely inadequate to meet its wants.

1 50

i OWN

The following resolution was passed Feb. 11, 1774:
I cxolved, That we will all heartily unite as one
man. in all lawful ways and means, to promote the
&lt;i ood of this soeiety, and particularly attend to the
a (Fair of building a meeting-house for the public
wurship of Almighty (!od, and also for holding
commencements in. At a meeting of the soeiety,
April 2"&gt;. 1774. the following resolution was passed :
"That Mr. John Brown be the committee-man for
carrying on the building of the new meeting-house

for said society. It shows how much confidence

"
was felt in Mr. Brown that upon him should be

placed the chief responsibility of carrying out the
wishes of the society. The meeting-house; so justly
admired exhibited tin; marks of his good taste.
The steeple is similar to that of St. Martin s in the
Fields in London, a church of faultless propor
tions, in the neighborhood of Trafalgar Square.

Mr. Brown was a warm patriot. By his special
orders the captains of his ships returning to this
country in 177 ") were directed to bring munitions
of war, especially gunpowder, as freight, and he
was able to render great assistance to (Jen. Wash
ington s army in Boston. lie had already made
himself obnoxious to the enemy for causing the de
struction, in 1772, of the British armed schooner
"(iaspee." lie escaped, however, all the perils of
the war, and was able to servo his country in the
councils of the nation as he had in the arena of
public strife, lie was sent as delegate to Congress
in 17&lt;S4 and 1785. In 17 ( ,M) lie was elected a mem
ber, and served two years, lie died Sept. 20, 1X03.
Brown, Moses, was the youngest of the four
brothers." lie was born Sept. 23, 173X. By his
marriage he obtained a competent fortune, which.
added to what he had made in business, in partner
ship with his three brothers, enabled him to retire
to the more quiet life which suited his tastes. Al
though brought up a Baptist, at the age of flirty-
five he joined the Society of Friends, and became
one of the most liberal supporters of all the insti
tutions of that body of Christians. He lived to the
great age of nearly ninety-eight years, his death
taking place at Providence, Sept. 6, 1X36. An
excellent portrait of Mr. Brown is in the portrait-
rallery of Brown University.

Brown, Hon. Nicholas, the munificent friend
of the university which bears his honored name, was
born in Providence, II. I.. April 4, 1760. We trace
his ancestry "on this sideof the water back to Mr.
Chad Brown, the friend and sharer of the sacrifices
of Roger Williams in his new home. In the sixth
generation from Chad Brown we find the fam.ily
name borne by four brothers, each of them distin
guished in the annals of the city. The name of
the third of these brothers was Nicholas, and this
name was given to his son, the subject of this
sketch. Young Brown, at the early age of four

teen, became a member of Rhode Island College,
in the foundation of which his father and uncle had
taken the deepest interest. He graduated in 17X6.
Having completed his college course of study,
Mr. Brown at once entered the counting-room of
his father to prepare himself to carry on the busi
ness of the mercantile house which he represented.
When he reached the age of twenty-two his father
was removed by death, and he found himself pos
sessed of what in those days was a large patrimony.
Taking to himself as a partner Mr. Thomas P.
Ives, whose tastes were congenial with his own. he
entered upon that long career of prosperity which
made the firm of Brown A: Ives so well known and
so highly respected in almost every quarter of the
world.

HON. NICHOLAS IJUO\V.V.

But it is not simply as a merchant laying broad
and far-sighted plans for amassing wealth that
we are to view the subject of this sketch. He
lived in times when society had passed and was
passing through radical changes. As an intelligent,
high-minded man, he could be no other than a sin
cere patriot, seeking the welfare of the country,
which was now taking its place as an independent
nation among the nations of the earth. He took
a lively interest in the politics of his day, and for
fourteen years was for most of the time a member
of either the lower or the upper house of tin; Gen
eral Assembly of his native State.

In such a sketch as this our special concern with
Mr. Brown is in the character of a man of simple
piety and a large-hearted benevolence. Although,
from some peculiar views which he cherished on

BROWN

151

BROWN

the .subject of making a public profession of his
faith in Christ, he never became a member of the
church, no one who was intimate with him could
have any doubt that he was a sincere Christian.
Few persons read more devoutly and more habitu
ally the Word of God. He believed in the public
institutions of religion, and by his own example
and generous contributions sustained them. Es
pecially attached was he to the faith of his fathers,
and the church where for so many generations they
had worshiped, lie gave to it what in those days
was regarded as an organ of great value, and in his
last will he left to it the sum of 83000. Other
churches, not only in Providence, but elsewhere,
shared in his bounty. The great religious organi
zations of the day found in him a liberal supporter.
His benefactions to the university which bears his
name deserve special mention. They commenced
four years after his graduation, and continued until
his death. His first generous gift was a valuable
collection of law books. A few years after he gave
$5000 to Rhode Island College towards the founda
tion of a professorship of Rhetoric and Oratory.
In consequence of the interest shown by .Mr. Brown
in the college its name was changed to Brown
University. At his own charges, he caused to be
erected the second dormitory of the university,
known as " Hope College," which cost not far from
$20.000. By tliis gift he transmitted to posterity
the name of his only sister, Mrs. Hope Ives. In
May, 1821), he gave to the university hinds the es
timated value of which was 820.000. A few years
after, in connection with his brother-in-law, Thomas
P. Ives, Esq., a valuable philosophical apparatus.
He started, in 1S32, the library fund of $25.000 with
a subscription of 810,000. He paid all the bills
incurred in the erection of Manning Hall, amount
ing to 818,500. The building was dedicated Feb
ruary 4, 1835, President Wayland delivering on the
occasion a discourse on the " Dependence of Science
on Religion." In 1839 he gave 810.000 to the cor
poration, 87000 of the sum to be appropriated to
wards the erection of the president s house, and
83000 towards the erection of a third college build
ing, to be used for the accommodation of the de
partments of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry. Min
eralogy, and Natural History. lie also furnished
three valuable lots as sites of these buildings. " The
entire sum of his recorded benefactions," savs Dr.
Guild, "amounts to $160,000, assigning to the do
nations of lands and buildings the valuation which
was put upon them at the time they were made.
A part of this sum was realized after his decease,
when the corporation of the university came into
possession of certain lots of land valued at $42,500,
arid a bequest out of which has come the Nicholas
Brown scholarships, eleven in number, arid valued
at $12,000. The large amount thus contributed to

the university made him, at the time of his death,
the most generous donor to the cause of education the
country had produced. If he has been outstripped
in the number and the value of his gifts by lovers
of good learning in more modern times, it may be
doubted, considering how changed is the standard
of giving, whether he does not still occupy the
rank which he has held among the warmest friends
of liberal culture and advanced education.

As a Baptist, Mr. Brown did not confine his
bounty to the university within whose walls he
received his education. He gave to Columbian
College, to the Newton Theological Institution, and
to Waterville College, all designed to promote the
better training of young men in the Baptist de
nomination. By his will, also, he left something to
the Northern Baptist Education, and to the Amer
ican and Foreign Bible Society.

Mr. Brown took an active part in founding the
Providence Athenaeum," giving to it the valuable
lot on which the library building stands, 86000 to
wards the erection of this building, and 84000 to
the library fund. In his will, moreover, he gave
830.000 towards the erection of a lunatic hospital,
now known as the " Butler Hospital for the Insane.
taking its name from Cyrus Butler, Esq., whose
gift of 840.000 was added to that of Mr. Brown.

Dr. Guild, as has already been stated, places the
amount of his "recorded benefactions at 8160.000."
Other sums, given in other directions besides those
which have been indicated, swell the amount, ac
cording to the estimate of Professor Gammell, to
the large sum of S21 1 .500. Thus did this " steward
of the Lord" scatter in every direction the posses
sions which a kind Providence gave to him. He
earned money not to hoard it. not to expend it on
personal gratification, but to do good witli it. He
sowed bountifully," and God enabled him to
"reap bountifully." No finite mind can measure
the blessed influences which a man of such large
and generous heart sets in motion. For generation
after generation they widen and extend in a thou
sand directions to the glory of God and the benefit
of mankind. May the number of successful Bap
tist merchants like Nicholas Brown be increased
an hundredfold !

Brown, Hon. John Carter, the second son 01
Nicholas Brown, the benefactor of the university
which bears his name, was born in Providence,
Aug. 28, 1797. He graduated at Brown Univer
sity in the class of 1816. Inheriting the tastes of
his ancestors for mercantile pursuits, he entered
the counting-room of Brown & Ives, his father and
uncle, and in due time became a member of the
firm. Ho took the responsibilities which his hon
ored father had so long borne in connection with
the university when death removed that father to
his reward. As a member of its corporation, in

liROWX

l)Otli brunches, he performed excellent service for
his iilitnt nutter. In his gifts to the university he
has been surpassed by no one but his father. Tin
value of these gifts \vas not far from Si 5"). (100.

.Mr. Brown was a, great lover of books, and in
one department it is believed that no library in
this or any other country has a more valuable col
lection. \\ e refer to the department of American
history. It was his aim to secure every publica
tion relating to either Xorth or S nith America be
tween the year 14 .i&gt; and the year 1SO(). "This
design," says Prof. (Jammell. "has been accom
plished, not indeed with absolute? completeness, but
to an extent which must awaken the admiration of
all who are acquainted with the v;i&gt;t treasures of
his collection. It contains the materials lor illus
trating the discovery of the Xew World, and the
entire history of its development and progress in
all its divisions to the close of the eighteenth cen-
turv." It shows the kindness of .Mr. Brown s
h"art that he placed this most rare and magnificent
collection at the service of any scholar who might
wish to avail himself of its treasures, and to that
pleasant library where the writer of this sketch
has spent so many happy hours many a literary
pilgrim has come and met a most hearty welcome.

Although possessed of large wealth, Mr. Brown,
like his father, was simple in his tastes, and
shunned notoriety in every form. lie lived to see
the fruits of his benevolence as shown to the uni
versity and some of the leading charitable institu
tions of his native city. lie died iu Providence,
11. I.. June 10. 1S74. .Mr. Brown closes our
sketches of the Brown family of Providence.

Brown University. This institution, like so
many other colleges in this country, owes its
origin to the deep-seated conviction that religion
and learning should unite their forces to elevate
and save the race. The Baptist denomination
needed an institution, first of all, for the fitting of
young men to enter the Christian ministry, and
also to prepare others to engage in scientific and
literary pursuits honorably for themselves and
beneficially for the community in which they wen;
to live. The Philadelphia Baptist Association was
formed in 1707, and at once took a decided stand
in favor of an educated ministry. Many years
elapsed, however, before a definite plan was formed
to establish a college suited to the wants of the de
nomination. The founding of such an institution
in Rhode Island was the project of Rev. Morgan ]
Edwards, the pastor of the First Baptist church in
Philadelphia. Rev. (afterwards President) -James !
Manning was sent to Newport to see what interest
could be awakened among the Baptists of that
flourishing town in carrying out the proposed
plan. Meeting with sufficient encouragement to
commence operations, Mr. Manning took up his

residence in Warren, It. I., became pastor of the
Baptist church in that place, and in September,
17o;"&gt;, was elected president of the infant college, to
which was given the name " Rhode Island College.
The first commencement was celebrated at Warren,
Sept. 7, 17o9. at which time seven young men took
the. degree of Bachelor of Arts. On the 7th of Feb
ruary, 1770. the, corporation voted that the college
should be removed to Providence, this town having
offered a subscription of C42XO as an inducement
for the institution permanently to locate itself there.
At the time of its establishment there were but four
denominations of Christians in the colony. With
a liberal spirit, which shows the generous character
of the founders of the college, it was decided that
each of these denominations should be represented
in the corporation. There were incorporated &gt;(&gt;
trustees, 2 of whom, by the charter, are to be
forever Baptists, "&gt; to be of the denomination called
Friends or Quakers. 4 Congregationalists. and 5
Episcopalians. There is incorporated also another
branch in the corporation, known as " the Fellows/
This branch of the government consists of 1- mem
bers, including the president, "X of whom are to
1)6 Baptists, and the rest indefinitely of any or all
denomination-;." It is required that the president
^hall be a Baptist. The other members of the
faculty may be of other denominations. The char
ter contains the following noteworthy provision :
"Into this liberal and catholic institution shall
never be admitted any religious tests. But, on the
contrary, all the members hereof shall forever enjoy
full. free, absolute, and uninterrupted liberty of
conscience: and that the places of professors, tutors,
and all other officers, the president alone excepted,
shall be free and open for all denominations of
Protestants [Brown University is a Baptist insti
tution, and all its instructors should be Baptists.
EDITOR] ; and that youth of all religious denomina
tions shall and may be admitted to the equal ad
vantages, emoluments, and honors of the college or
university; and that the public teaching shall, in
general, respect the sciences ; and that the sectarian
differences shall not make any part of the public
and classical instruction." The name of Rhode
Island College was changed to " Brown Univer
sity" in honor of its generous benefactor. lion.
Nicholas Brown, the change having been made by
an act of the corporation passed Sept. 0, 1S04. The
university has had seven presidents. Its first was
the founder of the college, Rev. James Manning.
I ).!)., of Nassau Hull College, Princeton, who en
tered upon the duties of his office September. 1705,
and continued in the same until his death. July -0,
1791. His successor was Rev. Jonathan Maxcy,
D.D.. of the class of 17X7, elected in 1797, and re
signed in 1X02. Subsequently he was president
of Union College, and afterwards of South Carolina

J;KU\VN UNIVERSITY.

IIROWNTIELD

154

College, and died in 1S20. The president at that
time was Rev. Asa .Messer. ].!&gt;.. LL.D., of tin-
class of IT .H). who was elected in 18(1-1. and re
signed in 1^20. He died in 1SI10. He was snc-

,. led by llev. Francis Wayland. D.D.. LL.D.. a

graduate of I nion College of the class ol 1813;
elected, 1S27; resigned, IS,")"); died, ISC)."). The
next president \vsis Rev. Barnas Sears. !).!&gt;. . LL.I&gt;..
of the class of 1825. who was elected 1825, and re
signed 1S07. He died July 0. 1SSO. He was suc
ceeded hy Rev. Alexis Caswell, D.i).. I,L.I&gt;., of the
class of 1*22, who was elected ISIiS. and resigned
1*72. He died in 1*77. Tli; present incumbent
of the ollicc. Rev. E/.ekiel Gilman Kohinson. D.l&gt;..
l,L.i&gt;.. of the class of 1838. was elected in 1872.
According to tin; recently published general cata
logue (1SSO) the whole nniuber of graduates of the
college, including those who have received honorary
decrees, is 3494, of wliich number 175* are living.
The whole number of alumni is 2932, of whom
1014 are now living. The whole number of minis
ters who have been educated at Brown University
i&gt; 733. of whom 388 are now living: 502 persons
have received honorary decrees from the university,
of whom 144 are now living. The whole amount of ;
the fu mis of the university, not including the grounds
and the older college buildings, is SS25.445.93. The
average number of students is about 275.

Brownfield, Rev. William, was born in 1773.

and in earlv life was converted and called into the
ministry. He was pastor of the churches at Smith-
lield and I niontown, Pa., where his labors were
chietly expended, and was instrumental in organ
izing a church in Stewartstown. Following the
apostolic example of many of our fathers in the
ministry, he traveled extensively, and preached
wherever he went. Several counties of Pennsyl
vania, and parts of West Virginia and Ohio, heard
from him the Messed gospel. He was a sound divine,
an able preacher, and a fearless advocate of the truth.
His efforts were extensively blessed. He died Jan.
IS. 1S59, after being a preacher sixty-five years.
Browning, Francis P. As early as 1S26,

when as yet there had been no Baptist meetings in
Detroit, Mr. Browning, from England, a young
merchant in the city, had. as a faithful church mem
ber, connected himself with the Baptists at Pon-
tiac. The next year he entered into the organiza
tion of the church in Detroit, and became its leading
spirit until his death from cholera, in 1834. He
was of superior intelligence and great Christian en
terprise. He made the wants of Detroit known
throughout the country. He led the social meet
ings and the Sabbath worship; secured, largely at
his own cost, the erection of the iirst small chapel,
and the second commodious brick edifice; .superin
tended the Sunday-school ; performed deacon s
duties, and made them include all pastoral work:

and b-d the little society in its Christian career.
He fell under the stroke of the pestilence as he
was hastening to and fro through the wasted and
frightened citv ministering to others. Noble first
standard-bearer of our cause in the metropolis of
the State.

Broyles, Rev. Moses, was born about 1*20, on
the Kastern Shore of Maryland. After some
changes in his situation he became the property
of a planter named Broyies. wdio. in 1*31. moved
from Tennessee to Kentucky. When a lad he was
so faithful and kind that the children of his master
were often left in his can;. Gradually, also, he
be^an to be intrusted with the affairs of the farm.
When lie was about fourteen years old his master
told him that if lie would continue a good boy he
should have his freedom in 1*54. In 1*51 In- pro
posed to buy the rest of his time, and the bargain
was made. After a few months he bought a horse
and then a dray, and so made money more rapidly.
and soon paid the price of his freedom. He had
cultivated a decided taste for history, having learned
to read. He read the Old Testament through twice,
and the New five times; lie then turned his atten
tion to such works as the History of the I nited
States, the Lives of Washington and Marion. A.
Campbell s writings, Barnes s Notes." Benedict s
" History of the Baptists," etc. Having learned
of the institution at College Hill, Jefferson County,
he came there in 1854. He remained in it nearly
three years. He gave his principal attention to
science, Latin, and Greek. "That school, even if
it had done nothing more, justified its claim to rec
ognition by the successful education of Rev. Moses
Broyles, the leader of the colored Baptists of In
diana." He was converted in his seventeenth
year. At that time there was active agitation in
Kentucky upon mission" and "anti-mission"
questions, and also about the doctrines set forth
by Alexander Campbell. Mr. Broyles joined Mr.
Campbell s sect. When he went to Paducah he
united with the Baptists, and helped to build the
first colored Baptist meeting-house in that place.
There was a great effort made to persuade him to
remain with the Campbellists, but he had can
vassed the whole matter, and he must be a Baptist.
In 1857 he went to Indianapolis and began
teaching school. He soon commenced to preach
for the Second church. He was ordained Nov. 21.
1857. The church rapidly increased in numbers.
The church has a house and lot which cost S25.000 ;
it is the mother of six colored churches organized
since 1800. Since- 1857 it has sent 21 men into the
ministry. When Mr. Broyles came to Indianapolis
there was no Association of the colored Baptists
of the State. Chiefly through his energy and fore
sight and fidelity the Indiana Association has now
(statistics of 1877) 53 churches and 3482 members.

BRYAN

155

BUCHANAN

The church of which Mr. Broyles is pastor has 645
members.
Bryan, Rev. Andrew, colored, th&lt;&gt; first pastor

of the First colored church of Savannah. The
church was organized by Rev. Abraham Marshall,
of Kiokee. in 1788. and Andrew Bryan continued
its pastor until his death, in October. 1812. He
stood exceedingly high in public estimation, and
brought great numbers into bis church. When he
was young he was persecuted for preaching; but
Avhen he died the Sunbury Association adopted a
complimentary resolution of regret concerning him,
and the white Baptist and Presbyterian ministers
of Savannah delivered addresses in his honor.

Bryan, Hon. Nathan, a man of reputation,
piety, and wealth, was born in Jones Co., N. C. ;
was baptized when eighteen by llev. Mr. McDaniel,
and represented his county in the General Assem
bly. In 1794 he was elected to Congress from the
Newborn district. lie died in 1798, and was
buried in the yard of a Baptist church, probably
old Sansom Street, in Philadelphia.

Bryant, Rev. Daniel, one of the pioneers
among Ohio Baptists, was born in New Jersey in
the year 1800. At the age of twenty-one he was
converted, and united with the Baptist church at
Lyon&lt;, X. Y. In the year 1824, having removed to
Ohio, he was ordained by the Mill Creek chuivh.
For more than fifty years he devoted himself to the
building up of the cause of Christ in Southern
Ohio. In the face of great opposition he was the
friend of missions and ministerial education.
When in 1836 the old Miami Association excluded
the churches of Cincinnati, Middletown, Lebanon.
and Dayton for sympathy with missions, Father
Bryant went cheerfully with the minority, lie
was liberal in giving, steadfast in his convictions,
simple in his life. His labors were abundant, and
often attended with hardship. He died in the year
1875, with the harness on, having been stricken
down iii the pulpit while preaching, only a few
hours before he passed away. He was a favorite
with both old and young, and will be long remem
bered as one of the sainted few who laid the foun
dations of Baptist churches in Ohio, and for many
years preached in faithful simplicity the Word of
life.

Bryce, Rev. John, was born of Scotch parents
in Goochland Co.. Ya., May 31, 1784. His parents
were strict churchmen, and he was confirmed in the
Episcopal Church. Under the preaching of the
celebrated Andrew Broadus, at the age of twenty-
one, he was convicted of sin, was converted, and
united with a small Baptist church in his native
county. About the same period he was admitted
to the bar. He soon began to exhort sinners to
repent, and in the course of two or three years was
ordained. For a considerable period he practiced

law and preached the gospel in Richmond and
Lynchburg. He was master in chancery some years
under Chief Justice Marshall. In 18 1() he was
chosen assistant pastor of the First Baptist church
in Richmond, the aged and infirm Rev. John
Courtney being the nominal pastor, lie remained
in this position (except during a brief period in
which Rev. Andrew Broadus filled it) until lX2i .
He was one year chaplain in the U. S. armv,
during the war of 1812-15. In 1822 he accepted
a call to the pastorate of the church at Fredericks-
burg, Ya. After preaching there two years he be
came pastor of a church in Alexandria. Ya.. where
he remained one year, and then returned to Fred-
ericksbnrg.

Mr. Bryce was one of the principal movers in the
erection of Columbian College. He was also an ac
tive member of the American Colonization Society,
and at one time liberated about 40 of his own slaves
and sent them to Liberia. In 1827 he moved to
Georgetown, Ivy., where he established himself in
the practice of law. and took a prominent part in
the political affairs of the State, as well as in the
establishment of Georgetown College. In 1832 he
located in Crawfordsville. Tnd. Here he remained
ten years, preaching and practicing law, and rep
resenting his county in the State Legislature at
least one term. In 1844 he was appointed sur
veyor of Shreveport. La. This was pending th
annexation of Texas to the United States, and Mr.
Bryce is supposed to have been President Tyler s
confidential agent in that important affair. After
his term of office expired he was elected mayor of
Shreveport. While here he performed the most
important work of his life in the ministry. When
he arrived at Shreveport, in 1844, he supposed
there was not a Baptist church or another Baptist
preacher within 200 miles of him; when he left
there in 1851 there were about 20 churches and
two Associations in that region. He was instru
mental in accomplishing this great work while the
ground was contested by Bishop Polk. In 1851,
Mr. Bryce returned to Kentucky, and the next
year took charge of the Baptist church in Hender
son, in that State. Hen; he spent the evening of a
long and eventful life. He died July 26, 1864.

Buchanan, James, was born at Ringoes, N. J.,
June 17, 1839; studied at the Clinton Academy;
entered the law-office of John T. Bird, Esq., in
I860: attended the law school at Albanv. and wa&gt;
admitted to the bar in the fall of 1864. He wa -
reading clerk in the Assembly in 1866, and was
appointed law judge of Mercer County in 1874.
The university in Lewisburg conferred upon him
the honorary degree of A.M. in 1875.

He and his brother -Joseph joined the Chorry-
ville Baptist church on the same day in March,
1865. Judge Buchanan has identified himself fully

with the cause of (Mid. and -land- in ihc fore IVunt and some of them, more tlian once, by lire-light,

of pastors helpers in Trenion. \\ li.-n- lie resides. besides such histories and scientific works as he

On the death of lion. l&gt;. M. NV ils, .u. in I &gt;7- l. .Jud- e could procure from a public library of which his

Buchanan was heartilv cho- n io tli,. &gt;&gt;residencv father was a share-holder. His thirst for knowledge

of the New -Jersey Baptist
has been annually re-elect
benevolent, and educational
quently called upon, and ii- ;
voice and influence.

Buchanan, Joseph C.,

X. .).. March 27, 1S41. lie -
class of Madison I liiversitv
graduated in ISf&gt;(&gt;. taking
course three years later. W;c-
church at Scotch Plains. N .
labored there until Sept. 1 .
istry there a fine meeting-hi.
of s:-)4.0nn. In September.
became pastor of the ehtir
is a good theologian, a th- &gt;
has been prospered in winning -on

Buck, Rev. William Calmes.

Buck and Mary Hichardson. -\ a- b.n
in Shenandoah (no\v Warre:i Co..
was a farmer in good circum-ianc"

such advantages as were 1 c &gt; em

which did not, satisfy his de-ire*
education. He told his faih"i- ih
linquish all (daim on his e.-ta:- il
him off to a good school for on. VIM
was not willing to make an\ di-i i
cation among his children. ^ I" I
all the volumes of the I n-iii-h

II \x ,,\. KKV. WILLIAM CAL.MKS IUTK.

r,-it- C, invention. an&lt;l wa- so great that he continued to improve himself,

1. In :i--ociational. until in middle age he acquired such an aequaint-

inierc-i- lie is fre- ance with the (ireek and Hebrew languages as

lwa\.- ready with hi- enabled him to read the Scriptures in those lan
guages with pleasure. For some years he was

a- burn ;ii Ilinirocs. occupied in farming, which he relinquished to give

it.-n-d ih.. Sophomore himself entirely to the Christian ministry, and

i, i),-robi-r. lSf &gt;3, and joined the Water Lick Baptist church. Va.. in his

!&lt; decree of A.M. in seventeenth year. Commenced public speaking

,,1-dained ji-vstor o! the soon after, but was not ordained till ISl J. He

.1.. (&gt;.-r. I. ISI&gt;7. He then became pastor of the church of which lie was

7&gt;. huriiig his min- a member. Was a lieutenant in the l ; . S. army

-, v\a- built, at a cost durinu the war of 1S12. Moved to rnion Co., Ky..

|s7S. Mr. Buchanan in I Si&gt;&lt;). where he had the care of several churches,

, ;1 | IViuberton. He and resided for a short time in Wood ford County,

i ./.i i fit! pi- -acher. and During all these years his time was filled with most

IM; ...uU. , laborious missionary work. Moved to Louisville

-on of Charles in |s; &gt;f&gt; and assumed the pastorate of the First

ii Ai.ir. - . 17VKI. church : he soon resigned the can of it. and. with

Va. His father a few others, formed the Hast church, to which he

-, and gave him furnished a house and preached until it was able

in ihose days. to sustain itself. Was editor of the Hitjifist H&lt;n\n&lt;r

lor ;i thorough and Jl&gt;,v/m&lt; Pioneer during most of his residence

:ii he would re- , in Louisville. Was elected secretary of the Bible

h" would send Board of the Southern Baptist Convention at Xash-

i. but his father ville, Tenn.. May. 1S51, in which position he con-

etiou as to edu- tinned until called to the pastorate of the Baptist

c n bov he read church, Columbus, Miss.. March. 1S54; continued in

l-.in-velopcedia." this ])osition till May. IS.YT. when he accepted a call

to the Greenborough church, Ala. The next year.
1858, he served the church at Selma, Ala. In the
fall of 1859, having moved to Marion, Ala., he com
menced the publication of The Baptist C orre^poitil-
cut. but after two years it was suspended by the
events of the war, and he went to the Confederate
army as a missionary, laboring wherever he thought
he could be most useful. In 18(14 he located at
Lauderdale Springs, Miss., as superintendent of
the Orphans Home, and also had the care of the
Sharon church, Xoxubce Co., Miss., till he remuved
to Texas, in J800. He had not the care of any
church in Texas, but continued to labor for the
Master by word and pen so long as his health per
mitted. Died at Waco, Texas. May 18. 187:2. He
was an earnest worker in all enterprises of the
denomination. Gifted by nature with a ringing.
powerful voice, fluent speech, and a retentive mem
ory, he was unsurpassed as a platform speaker. I le
was often elected a vice-president of the Southern
Baptist, Convention. He prepared and published
"The Baptist Hymn-Book," " The Philosophy of
Religion." and " The Science of Life."

CHARLES AI.VAII HrCKIMOK. U.D.

Buckbee, Charles Alvah, D.D., was bom in

Penn Yan, N. Y.. April 3, 1824. In 1835 his parents
moved to New York City. He was converted in
1S.T7, and joined a Methodist class. In 18M .) he
united with the Tabernacle Baptist church, and soon
after devoted himself to the ministry, entering Madi
son University in May, 1840, and graduating in Aug
ust, 1848. Settled as pastor at Conway, Mass., Oct.
6, 1848 was blessed with two revivals and bap
tized many converts. In March, 1851, he resigned ;

moved to \eu Yt.rk: \vas associate editor of the
Xew York 1 ln-n!&lt;-l&gt;; and in June, 1852, entered
the r-ervice o! ihe A n;..-rican Bible Union, in which
he remained a- MI &gt;iiieer and manager seventeen
\ears. He ua- -m. of the editors of the first vol
umes of \(- " I &gt;oen &gt;,i -ntarv History, the Bi///e
Cn ion Minitlilii. and iie Quart* rli/. In 1807 he
visited the Pacili,- e-.ast as a special delegate of
the Union, ami In-ld nvo public debates on revision
of the Eng!i-l. Scripuires. The debates were pub
lished and \\idelvcii-i-ulated. During his connec
tion with liie I liinii he established the Baptist
church in \V.-&gt;i lll.oken, X. ). : was its juistor
nearly ten \c-ar-. aiei immersed nearly 150 con-
ve-rts into ii- l c!!ow-!iip. In -June, 180 ( .l. he settled
permanent i . in San Francisco, Cal. ; was nearly
three year- paMor ,.f the Fifth church, which lie
organized, and iutu wi.ose membership he baptized
nearlv 1 X cnnvcrt-. lie edited, for live years. The
Hrn&lt;i&lt; l. and eoniinu -s in the conduct of it* Sun-
dav-schooi departmenf-. In all Baptist organiza
tions he ha- been a--;ive, as secretary of the State
Convention. pre-i|fui one year of the Board of
California &lt; .die-,-, and member of the Missionary
Board of &lt; alil-mia. In 187 ( J he received from
California C, ,,;,--, ii,e degree of D.D. In 187&lt;&gt; he

accepted a p
Mill hold:-, a
feeble churc
his ministry
val&gt; and ba

Bucknei College

at \Vichervill
&gt;as. in charg
the patrona-
of \orth\\ &gt;--;
ment was o

i in the U. S. Mint, which he

.u-.Ji not a pastor preaches to
n ;-i / every Lord s day. During
- i":l]ied pastors in many revi-
uli.jut 400 converts. He is one
of the mo.- i L&lt;|M&gt;I-;..II- men in the Baptist ministry
of the Pacific ,-oa-i.

is a new institution located
northeastern part of Arkan-
E. L. Compere. It is under
\ tin- Baptist (Jeneral Association
ArLmsas. The collegiate depart
iii September, 1880.
Buckner, Rev. Xerxes Xavier, A.M. This
excellent iniiiUii-i- oi Christ was born in S|-encer
Co.. Kv.. r eli. jn. l^l!^. He was converted at the
:I M-,. of nin.- ..... i. \,.;ir-. and united with the Pluml*
Creek Hapii-i cluirch in his native county. He
graduated m i ;,-,,r-.-Mjwn College. Ky.. and was
ordained in ill. . Inn-.-h where he was converted.
and laboreii \\iili - r^at acceptance for years at
Tavlorsviile and l- i-i; -rville. In 1855 he removed
to Missouri, and w,\* pastor of the Baptist church
in that educ ;1 ii ,iial .-.-utre, and aided in establish
ing the scln.o! now known as Stephen College. In
1800 he located :,- pa-tor in Boonville. Mo. From
over-exerti"ii in dnii-eli and school work his health
failed, and lie r&gt; -moved to Kansas City. Mo., where
he engaged a&gt; pa-ior at West Port, and performed
evangelistic work ibr one year; then he removed
to Liberty. Mo., and became pastor of the Baptist
church and pre-id-nt of the Female Seminary

158

lil LKLKY

The second year lie resigned the pastorate but
retained the school, and at the end of the third
year he returned to Kansas City, where lie lived
till -June 19. 1X72. when he died. For years he,
was trustee! of William -Jewell College and presi
dent of the Board of . Ministerial Kducation. He
was presiding ollicer at the last General Associa
tion he attended. He was elected a member of
the Board of Public, Schools in Kansas City, and
the presidency of the Kansas City National Bank
was literally forced upon him. As a minister of
Christ, a peace-maker in our last, war. a public-spir
ited citi/.en. an humble Christian, Brother Buckner
has few equals; and no spot dims his bright char
acter.

Blickner, Rev. Robert C., was born in Madi-
sonyille. Tenn., Jan. 3, 1837; educated in (leor^e-
town College, Ky. ; professed religion October,

REV. ROUKUT ( . liUCKM .R.

1844. and commenced his ministry at Somerset.
Ky.. in 18.V2; was pastor at Albany. Owensborough,
Salvisa, Kv., and Paris, Texas, twenty-seven years
in all. He was the first agent in Kentucky of the
Home Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Con
vention : was twelve years moderator of lied River
Association, Texas; is now general superintendent
of Orphan Home work in Texas, president of the
Sunday-School Convention of Northern Texas, and
corresponding secretary of the Texas Baptist Gen
eral Association. lie is editor and proprietor, at
this time, of the Texas Baptist, published at Dallas.
He is also proprietor of the Texas Baptist Publish
ing House. which is in a flourishing condition.
Buel, Rev. Abel P., was born in "Wallirigford,

Conn., Nov. 29, 1820; converted and bapti/.ed at
New Haven, Conn., in April, 1X31) ; studied at Con
necticut Literary Institution ; entered Yale College
in 1X43, and remained till ls4d ; received the de
gree of A.M. from Rochester University; ordained
at Peekskill, X. V., 1X40, and served about three
years; pastor of Baptist church in Tarrvtown,
X. Y., about nine years ; afterwards settled in Xew
London and Southington, Conn. ; was blessed with
revivals in his pastorates ; fervent in spirit, earnest
in work, eloquent in speech : an easv and graceful
writer; withal a poet whose productions have
merit ; now in Cleveland, 0.

Buist, Rev. James F., was bom Sept. 129,

1X39, in Charleston, S. C. His parents died when
he was eight years of age. but his uncle. ]]. T.
Buist, D.D., took him in charge. He was educated
at Furmaii University. lie was baptized in 1X09,
and ordained in 1 Sb O.

During the war he was a chaplain in the army,
and since its termination he has been pastor of the
Philadelphia and Saltkehatchie churches. lie has
been moderator of the Barnwell Association for
seveval years.

1 1 is father and uncle were distinguished Presby
terian ministers, one of his brothers is a pastor in
the same denomination, while another and himself
are in the oldest church in Christendom, to whose
members Christ preached when he was on earth.

The long pastorates of James, and the frequency
of his election as moderator of the Association, show
the esteem of his brethren for him.

Blllkley, Justin, D.D. Dr. Bulkier, Professor
of Church History and Church Polity at Shurtleff
College, was born at Leicester, Livingston Co.,
X. Y., July 23, 181.9. His father, an industrious
farmer, and a man of high character, removed
subsequently to Illinois, and died at Barry, July
24, 1X59, his wife surviving him only a few years.
The son was seventeen years of age at the date of
this removal to Illinois. At the age of twenty-
three he entered the preparatory department of
Shurtleff College, his education until that time
being such as the imperfect school system in Cen
tral Illinois then afforded. He graduated in 1847.
His first post of service was that of principal of
the preparatory department in his college, to which
he was chosen immediately upon his graduation.
Two years later, in February. 1X49. he was or
dained pastor of the Baptist church in Jerseyville.
After four years of unusually successful service in
this pastorate, he was elected Professor of Mathe
matics in Shurtleff College, resigning that position
in 18")"), and becoming pastor of the church in
Carroll ton. After nine years at Carrollton he re
turned to Upper Alton, the seat of Shurtleff Col
lege, and at the end of a year accepted the post in
the college which he now fills.

UULLKX

159

BUNYAN

Dr. Bulkley s service in the several positions he
lias held has been one of marked usefulness. As
a preacher, he has a peculiar power over the sym
pathies as well as the convictions of his hearers.
As a pastor, his excellent judgment, his kind spirit,
his sympathetic nature, make him the trusted friend
no less than the honored leader and teacher. As a
professor, he has always gained in a peculiar de
gree the confidence and affection of his pupils,
while his teaching has been thorough, critical, and
exact. The estimation in which he is held by the
denomination in the State is shown by his election
during .successive years as moderator of the Gen
eral Association, and in the fact that since the year
1851 the often delicate and important service of
chairman of the Committee on Elections in the
General Association has, year by year, been com
mitted to him.

Bullen, George, D.D., was born in New Sharon,
Me. lie graduated at Waterville College in the
class of 1855, and at the Xewton Theological In
stitution in the class of 1858. lie was ordained as
pastor of the church in Skowhegan, Me., June 13,
1800. where he remained until, in 18( &gt;3. he accepted
an appointment as chaplain in a regiment of U. S.
volunteers. Ife ministered to the Wakefield Bap
tist church, 18G4-G7. and entered upon his duties
as pastor of the church in Pawtucket, It. I., in
1868, and continues in this relation at this time.
Colby University has just conferred on him the
degree of Doctor of Divinity.

Bunn, Rev. Henry, was born in Xash Co.,
N. C., Dec. 18, 1795. lie was left an orphan at an
early age. lie moved in 1817 to Twiggs Co., Ga.,
where he spent the remainder of his life. l&gt;y
steady industry ami prudent management he accu
mulated a handsome estate, which he shared liber
ally with benevolent institutions and good and wise
schemes for the benefit of his fellow-men, lie for
years acted as justice of the peace and judge of
the County Court, and between 1825 and 1831 he
represented his county in several sessions of the
State General Assembly. lie made a public pro
fession of religion in 1837, and thenceforth scru
pulously practiced all his religions duties. His
church called him to the gospel ministry in 1851,
and on the 7th of December in that year lie was
ordained. For several years he was pastor of the
Richland church ; for many sessions he was mod
erator of the Ebene/er Association, and, also, a
trustee of Mercer University and a member of the
Executive Committee of the Georgia Baptist Con
vention. He was eminently a pacificator by his
influence and prudent counsels : he settled or pre
vented many troubles among neighbors and in
churches; he was scrupulously honest, fair, and
liberal in all transactions; many widows and or
phans found in him a friend and a wise counselor.

In all the relations of life, as husband, father, citi
zen, church member, and minister, he illustrated
the characteristics of a genuine Christian, no blot
ever stained his fair fame; yet, looking heaven
ward, he felt the power and ruin of sin, and for
salvation trusted in the merits of -Jesus only. lie
passed away peacefully on the morning of Sept.
23, 1878, in the sixty-first year of his residence in
Twiggs County, and in the eighty-third year of his
age.

Bunyan, Rev. John, was born at Elstow, Eng
land, about a mile from Bedford, in 1G28. His
father was a man of more intelligence than those
who generally followed his calling, and he had John
taught to read and write. When the little boy was
ten years of age he first became conscious that he
was very sinful. He speedily shook off these fears.
lie was " drawn out" in 1045, with others, at the
siege of Leicester to perform sentinel s duty before
the city, when another member of his company ex
pressed a desire to take his place ; the request was
granted, and that night Bunyan s substitute was
shot in the head and died. This deliverance pro
duced a powerful impression upon Bunyan.

Soon after he left the army he married, and his
wife and he wen; so poor that they had neither a
" dish nor a spoon.

II is first permanent conviction of sin was pro
duced by a sermon denouncing the violation of the
Lord s day by labor, sports, or otherwise. This
came home to Bunyan with peculiar force, for his
greatest enjoyment came from sports on the Lord s
day.

A long while after this, Bunyan, in passing
through the streets of Bedford, heard three or
four poor women, sitting at a door, " talking
about the new birth, the Avork of God in their
hearts, and the way by which they were convinced
of their miserable state by nature. Thev told how
God had visited their souls with his love in Christ
Jesus, and with what words and promises thev
had been refreshed, comforted, and supported
against the temptations of the devil ; moreover,
they reasoned of the suggestions and temptations
of Satan in particular." From these women Bun
yan learned to loathe sin and to hunger for (he
Saviour. He sought their company again and
again, and he was strengthened to go to Jesus.
One day, as he was passing into the fields, he savs,
"This sentence fell upon my soul, Thy righteous
ness is in heaven. I also saw that it was not my
good frame of heart that made my righteousness
better, nor yet my bad frame that made my right
eousness worse, for mv righteousness was Jesus
Christ himself, the same yesterday, to-day, and
forever. Then, as he says, his chains fell off,"
and he went home rejoicing. In 1055, Mr. Bun
yan was immersed by the Rev. John Gifford, of

BUNYAN

161

BUR BANK

Bedford. The same year he was called to preach
the gospel.

Bunyan was arrested Nov. 12, 1660, and he was
in jail more than twelve years. His imprisonment
was peculiarly trying. " The parting with my
wife and poor children. says Banyan, "hath
often been to me, in this place (the prison), like
[Hilling the flesh from my bones. And of his
blind daughter he adds, " Poor child, what sorrow
tliou art like to have for thy portion in this world !
Thou must be beaten, must beg, suffer hunger,
cold, nakedness, and a thousand calamities, though
I cannot now endure the wind should blow upon
thee." " The Pilgrim s Progress" was written in
Bedford jail.

During Bunyan s lifetime there were 100,000
copies of that book circulated in the British islands,
besides which there were several editions in North
America. And in the ten years which Bnnyan
lived, after his wonderful book was first issued, it
was translated into French, Flemish, Dutch, Welsh,
Gaelic, and Irish. Since Bunyan s death it has
been translated into Hebrew for Christian Jews in
Jerusalem, and into Spanish, Portuguese, Italian,
Danish, German, Armenian, Burmese, Singhalese,
Orissa, Hindostanee, Bengalee. Tamil, Maratthi.
Canare.se, Gujarat ti, Malay, Arabic, Samoan, Ta-
hitian, Pihuana, Bechuana, Malagasy, Xew /ea-
land, and Latin. This list of translations ends
with 1847. Since that time it has been rendered
into several additional tongues of our race. Nor
will The Pilgrim s Progress stop in its travels
until it visits every land occupied bv human beings,
and tells its blessed story in the language of all
nations.

There is a French Roman Catholic version of
" The Pilgrim s Progress, greatly abridged, with
the head of the Virgin on the title-page. It leaves
out giant Pope and the statement that Peter was
afraid of a sorry girl. An English ritualistic cler
gyman has tried to adapt it to the sacramental jug
glery of his system. Of Bunyan s "Holy AVar"
Lord Macaulay says, If The Pilgrim s Progress
did not exist it would be the best allegory that
ever was written; and he proclaims John Bun
yan the most popular religious writer in the English
language.

The pardon which secured Bunyan s release !
from prison was ordered by the Privy Council, i
presided over by the king, May 17, 1672. After !
his liberation lie became the most popular preacher j
in England ; 3000 persons gathered to hear him in i
London before breakfast. Men of all ranks and
of all grades of intelligence listened to his burning
words, and heralded the fame of his eloquence to
the king. The learned Dr. John Owen told Charles
II. that he would relinquish all his learning for
the tinker s preaching abilities.

While Bunyan was journeying upon an errand
of mercy he was exposed to a heavy rain, which
brought on a violent fever, from the effect of which
he died in ten days, in London, Aug. 12, 1688. His
last hours were full of peace. He was buried in
Bunhill Fields Cemetery, where his monument is
still seen.

Bunyan s church, now of the Congregational
denomination, is still in Bedford. His chair is in
the meeting-house, and some other relics of the
immortal dreamer. A few years since the Duke of
Bedford erected a handsome monument to Bunyan
in Bedford, on which a statue of the great dreamer
stands.

John Bunyan was one of the few men of our race
who possessed genius of the highest order.

Burbank, Gideon Webster, was born at Deer-
field, N. II.. May 24. 18&lt;&gt;:-&gt;, and died at Rochester,
N. Y.. March 4, 1873. His father, when Gideon
was eighteen years of age, removed to New York
City, and gave him a business education. Here the
son remained for several years as a clerk in a dr\
goods house. The father went to North Carolina.
and became a successful merchant. Upon his death
the son went for a time to that State to settle his
father s affairs. On his return to New York lie
decided to go into business for himself, and in
1824 fixed upon Kendall, Orleans Co., as his future;
home. The region was then just emerging from a
wilderness, but he foresaw the opportunity opening
there for a man of nerve and enterprise, and em
bracing it. he prospered with the growth of the
country. At length he found a better field for his
capacities in Rochester, the rising city of West
ern New York, and in 183 ,) he removed there to
manufacture flour, for which that city is so cele
brated. Here, honored by all men, hi: lived, illus
trating the virtues of a Christian character to the
ago of threescore and ten. He was a member of
the First Baptist church of that city.

His interest in education was shown by the gift
of 20.000 towards the endowment of the professor
ship of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy which
bears his name in the University of Rochester.
This gift was supplemented by one from his son-
in-law, Mr. Lewis Roberts, a member of the board
of trustees of the university, and a liberal donor
to its later funds. This donation to the young in
stitution did more probably than any sum of double
the amount since to create confidence in the per
manent, success of the enterprise. He will always
have a distinguished place among the founders of
the university, and the citizens of Rochester, among
whom his memory is warmly cherished.

Burbank, Rev. John F., was born in Standish,
Me., in 1812, but spent most of his youth in Port
land. Immediately on his conversion he decided to
enter the Christian ministry. He spent three years

BURG HARD

\(\ l

nunciiKTT

in \Vatervillc College, and graduated at Columbian
College, Washington. !).( . He took tlio lull three-
years course at Newton, and was ordained pastor
of the church in Taunt on, Mass., where he continued

for a year, and then settled at Webster. Mass. lie
found that his health would not permit him to ex-
rivise his calling, and, having purchased a farm
near Worcester, he retired to it to recruit his fail
ing strength. Here he resided, preaching as he
felt able, and trying to make his life a useful one in
the cause of his Master, lie was much respected
by his fellow-citizens, filling several offices of honor
and trust, and among them at one time that of presi
dent of the Common Council of the city of Wor
cester. He died Nov. lf&gt;, IS."):).

Burchard, Hon. Charles A., late of Beaver

Dam, Wis., was born in Leyden, Lewis Co., N. Y.
In his early years he engaged in agricultural pur
suits in his native State. When quite young he
obtained a hope in Christ and united with the Bap
tist church. lie took a deep interest in the estab
lishment of the Literary and Theological Institution
at Hamilton, and made a canvass of the Baptist
churches in Xew York and Vermont to raise; funds
for its support. In 1X45 he removed with his
family to Waukesha, Wis. Here he cultivated a
farm. In 1X55. Mr. Burchard moved with his
family to Beaver Dam, which has since been the
family home. lie was in the first Territorial Con
vention, which met in 1X4*&gt; to form a State consti
tution. He has served his district for several ses
sions in the State Legislature. During the civil
war he was a government commissioner, having the
oversight of the raising and forwarding of troops.
In 1X47 he was elected president of the Wisconsin
Baptist State Convention, to which position he was
re-elected for five; successive years. He was for
manv years a useful member of the board of Way-
land Academy. In all the early history of the
Baptists in the State he was a prominent actor.
He was a man of strong convictions, a decided
Baptist, a warm friend of ministers of the gospel,
the uncompromising enemy of all wrong and fraud.
He died in 1879, in the trust and triumph of the
gospel of Christ.

Burchard, Hon. Seneca B., was born at Granby,
Mass.. Oct. 7. 1790. At seventeen he was converted,
and united with the Baptist church of that place.
He came to Hamilton, X. Y., in 1X25. where he
united with the Baptist church, and identified him
self with the institutions of learning in that place.

In JX 2f) he became a member of the executive
committee, also treasurer, steward, and agent. In
1834 he was the building agent for the erection of
East College. He continued treasurer for twelve
years, a member of the Education Board for thirty-
ninc years, president of said board seven years, and
twenty-five years vice-president.

In 1X46, the dare of the charter of Madison Uni
versity, he was made by the Legislature one of the
original corporators, and was elected vice-president.
He died at Hamilton, February. 186], at about
seventy-one years of age. his mind still strong and
vigorous, and his faith in (iod and the educational
enterprise at Hamilton unyielding. He was one
of those stalwart men whom, in those earlv times,
L&gt;r. N. Kendrick drew around him when he was
the energizing spirit at Hamilton.

Deacon Burchard was no ordinary man. lie was
massive; and solid in every direction. He could
endure great physical exertion as well as mental
strain. .Not easily discouraged or thwarted in his
plans, slow in deliberation, wise in counsel, prompt
in execution, when IK; had received an appointment
he did not rest till he was sure; of its accomplish
ment. As a member of the State Legislature, as a
citi/.en, as a church member and deacon, as treas
urer, executive officer, counselor on the board, he
was highly respected, honored, and trusted till the
end of his life.

To the close of his life he was a remarkably dili
gent student of the Scriptures. He either taught
a Bible-class or was a member of one till near tin;
eternal rest, and he used to tell how the Bible, as
he re-read it, kept opening its truths to his heart.

Burchard, Theodore. Mr. Theodore Burchard,
who died at Lacon, 111.. Dec. 9, 1X6X. at the age of
seventy-four, was a native of Granby. Mass. In
early life; he removed to Oneida County, in the
State 1 of Xew York, and from that place, later, to
Hamilton, where he resided some twenty years, an
active member of the e-hureli. and. like his two
brothers, alse&gt; residents of Hamilton, interested in
all denominational enterprises. In 1X54 he re-
moved to Quinry. 111., where he became a member
of the Vermont Street Baptist e-hnrch. During tin-
last four years of his life; he resided mostly at La-
con, where; he elicd. His remains were taken to
Hamilton for burial, where his wife and his twe&gt;
brothers also lie. " Father Burchard, writes one
who knew him well, was manly and noble in his
bearing, tall, standing considerably over six feet,
and every inch a Baptist. Strong in his convictions
of truth and duty, strong in faith, there was no
compromise of error in his nature."

Burchett, Rev. G. J., president of McMinnville
College, Oregon, was born in Lee Co., Va.. Xov. 15.
1X47. In 1867, at Austin, Mo., he was converted
and baptized. Impressed with the duty of preach
ing, he studied, and graduated at William Jewell
College in 1X74 ; was ordained ; spent two years
at Chicago, taking a course of lectures in theology ;
supplied some small churches, and held revival
meetings during vacations. In 1876 he went to
California, organized the Reeds church ; preached
a few months at Reeds. Wheatland, and Marvsville.

BURDETTK

163

BURLESON

In 1S77 moved to Astoria, Oregon, built a house of
worship for the church there, and in 1878 was
elected president of McMinnville. His energy,

REV. C. J. BURCIIETT.

enthusiasm, and ability have inspired the Baptists
of Oregon to united and vigorous efforts on behalf
of the college. lie is a line speaker and scholar,
and a magnetic teacher.

Burdette, Robert J., was born at Greens-
borongh, Pa., -Inly 30. 1844. In 18f)2 he removed
with his parents to Peoria, 111. In isr&gt;:&gt; he en
listed in the 47th Regiment of 111. Vols. He
served through the war. taking part in the battle
of Corinth, the siege of Vieksburg, and the Red
River Expedition. In 1870 he became editor of
the Peoria Transcript, and subsequently of the
Peoria Rti-iiw. In 1874 he took charge of the
Burlington (Iowa) ILuckeyc, with which his name
has ever since been associated, and to which he
has imparted a world-wide reputation. He has
attained a high position as a humorist, as an edi
tor, and as a lecturer. His humor is always of
the purest morality, and is subservient to the best
and loftiest purposes. He is a member of the Bur
lington Baptist church, and he is an oflicient, ac
ceptable, and valued teacher in the Bible school.

Burk, Rev. B. J., pastor in Mobile for sixteen
years over a large church, a man of positive char
acter, a sterling Baptist, holding his church to "old
land-mark" principles; liberally educated, a good
preacher, he wields a powerful influence among
colored Baptists.

Burkitt, Rev. Lemuel, the historian of the
Kehukee Association, was baptized by Rev. Henry

I Abbot into the fellowship of Yeopim Baptist church
in July, 1771. A good and useful man, and worthy
to be held in perpetual remembrance.

Burleigh., Rev. Lucian, son of Deacon Rinalde
and Lydia (1&gt;.) Burleigh, was born in Plainfield,
Conn., Dec. 3, 1817 ; brought up aCongregationalist ;
educated in the public school, the Plainfield Acad
emy, and the Connecticut Literary Institution at
Suffield ; chose the profession of teaching: was
converted at the age of twenty : baptized by Rev.
Smith Lyon ; united with the Baptist church in
Xorth Oxford, Mass., where he was then teaching ;
removed to Packersville, Conn., where ho was or
dained as an evangelist ; taught and preached in
South and Xorth Killingly, and Xorth Granby,
where he was principal of Green Academy ; soon
after 1840 began his large and effective labors in
the Temperance Reform, which he advocated widely
throughout the country ; he wrote with a masterly
pen ; in 1849 he was agent of the American Asso
ciation for the Suppression of Gambling; made a
temperance campaign in Wisconsin, filling 70 ap
pointments in 3(&gt; days ; did the like in the State
of Xew York ; preached in the mean time; by re
quest returned, and became principal of the Plain-
field Academy, and served five years; supplied also
destitute churches; taught the high school in Cen
tral Village; settled as pastor of the South Centre
Baptist church in Ashford, Conn, (now Warren-
ville) : then served for thirteen years as agent of
the Connecticut Temperance Union; his discourses
and poems have won an extensive reputation ; is
now preaching and lecturing.

Burleson, Richard Byrd, LL.D., son of Jona
than Burleson. was born near .Decatur, Ala., and
died at Waco. Dec. 21, 1879. In 1,^39 he was con
verted, and three days after was baptized by Rev.
William II. llolcombe. In 1840 he entered Xash-
ville University, and remained three years. During
the pastorate of I&gt;r. R. B. C. llowell he was li
censed to preach by the First Baptist church of
Nashville in 1841. He was called to ordination by
the church at Athens, Ala., November, 1842. and
was the pastor of that church for two years. In
184") he accepted the call of the Baptist church in
Tuscumbia. and remained their pastor four years.

In 1849 he was made president of Moulton Fe
male Institute, and held that position about six
years. In December, 1855, he removed to Texas,
and became, in 18f&gt;f&gt;, pastor of the Austin church,
conducting at the same time a female school. In
18 ) 7 he was chosen Professor of Natural Science
in Baylor University. In 1801 he was elected vice-
president of Waco University, and Professor of
Natural Science in that institution. As a student
in theology, geology, botany, and astronomy he
had no superior, and probably no equal, in Texas.
Governor Richard Coke, knowing his eminence,

BURLESON

164

BURLESON

gave him an appointment for the geological survey
of Texas ; but he resigned this position after one
year s service, as it conflicted with his life work of
founding a great Baptist university for Texas. As
a teacher, thousands can testify that his zeal and
ability were never surpassed. Neither private in
terest nor bodily pains ever detained him from tin-
post of duty for twenty-three years. lie con
tributed largely to the great .success of Baylor and
Waco Universities; to the latter of which he gave
eighteen years of toil and sacrifice, and intense |
anxiety for its firm establishment.

lie was a preacher of distinguished ability, and
a teacher eminently qualified for his work, llis
piety was ardent, his life was holy, and his death
was blessed. The hymn which was sung several
times at his request, at his expiring couch, showed
the character of his dying exercises :

" IIo\v firm : foundation, ye saints of the Lord,
Is laid for your faith in his excellent Word!

A procession of carriages a mile in length fol
lowed his remains to their last resting-place, and
sorrow filled thousands of hearts for the loss that
had fallen upon the university, the churches, and
the whole State.

Burleson, Rufus C., D.D., the son of Jonathan
Burleson, was born near Decatur, Ala., Aug. 7,
182:5. lie was converted on, the 21st of April,
1S;59, and baptized the following Sabbath by Rev.
William II. Ilolcombe.

While a student in Nashville University in 1840
he abandoned his aspirations for legal eminence,
and from deep convictions of duty devoted his life
to the ministry. He was licensed to preach Dec.
12, 1840, by the First Baptist church of Nashville,
under the pastoral care of Dr. 11. 15. 0. Howell.
He commenced preaching immediately, though only
seventeen years old. but did not relax any of his
devotion to study. He was ordained with prayer
and fasting" June 8, 1845. lie graduated in the
Western Baptist Literary and Theological Institute,
Covington, Ky., June 10, 1847. During all these
seven years of laborious preparation for the min
istry he preached almost every Sunday, and scores
were converted under his preaching.

A few months after graduating he was elected
pastor of the First Baptist church at Houston,
Texas, to succeed that great and good man, William
M. Tryon, who had died of yellow fever. During
the three and a half years of his pastorate the
church became self-sustaining, paid off a heavy
mortgage, became the largest in the city, and
the most liberal in the State. His zeal, learn
ing, piety, and eloquence placed him in the front
rank, and for more than thirty years he has acted
a conspicuous part in every great social, religious,
and educational enterprise in Texas. Though at
tacked by yellow fever he stood firmly at his post.

lie was elected, -June, 1851, president of Baylor
University, to succeed Dr. II. L. Groves. Though
ardently devoted to his church at Houston and
peculiarly fitted for the pulpit, he felt the glory of
Texas and the success of his denomination de
manded a great Baptist university, hence he con
secrated himself to the work. Though he had the
hearty co-operation of such eminent men as Gen.
Houston, Gov. Horton, Judges Lipscomb, Wheeler,
and Bavlor. he knew it was a herculean task that
would require a long lifetime. At once Baylor
University became one of the leading institutions
of the South, and continues so till now.

While pastor at Houston lie baptized .Mrs. Dick-
enson, the heroine of the Alamo, and \\hile pastor
at Independence he baptized Gen. Houston, the
hero of San Jaeinto.

In ISC) I he, with his brother, Dr. Richard Burle
son, and the entire faculty associated with him in
Bavlor University, desiring a central and accessible
location in the wheat region, removed to the city
of Waco and inaugurated AYaco University. This

RCITS c. i;i:i!i.i sox. D.D.

institution at once rose to distinction. Dr. Burleson
is a firm believer in co-education, and is the pioneer
in the great movement in the Southwest. He has
instructed over 2800 young men and ladies.

Dr. Burleson s characteristics are fixedness of
purpose, amiability of manners, generosity, and
courage. From these characteristics it is not
strange that every church of which he has been
pastor, and every college over which he has pre
sided, has prospered. His advice and co-operation

BURLING If AM

165

BURMA II

Union for New York.

Burlington Collegiate Institute, at Burling-

are frequently sought on educational questions in the Bible," delivered in St. Louis, attracted great
Texas. attention, and was highly spoken of by the secular

Burlingham, Aaron H., D.D. Dr. Burling- press.

ham was born Feb. 18, 1S22, in Castile. X. Y. lie From St. Louis he went to Brooklyn, X. Y., and
was graduated from Madison University in 1S4S. took the pastoral charge of the Willowby Avenue
and from the Theological Seminary of Hamilton in Baptist church, and in 187 ( J he was chosen district
1S50, and in the same year he was ordained as secretary of the American Baptist Missionary
pastor over the (mint Street Baptist church of
Pittsburgh, Pa. After one year he accepted the
pastorate of the Baptist
church of Owego. X . Y. Two
years afterwards lie took
charge of the Harvard Street
Baptist church. Boston,
Mass. In 1S53 lie was chosen
chaplain of the State Senate.
In lS5l) he moved to New
York, and became pastor of
the South Baptist ciiureh.
This settlement continued
nine years, but the labor was
so arduous that lie resined

and went to Kurope. For sev
eral months he filled the pul
pit of the celebrated Ameri
can chapel in Paris. After a year s residence
abroad visiting various places of hist

i .stuff i s

BURLINGTON COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE.

toil, Iowa, was located by the vote of an Educa
tional Convention of the Baptists of Iowa, held at

he returned, and accepted a call from the Second Iowa City in 1852. and incorporated under the name

of Burlington University. It is situated on a beau
tiful slope on the west of the city. The building is
65 by 45 feet, with a wing in the rear M by &gt;() feet,
all three stories high, of brick, and trimmed with
stone. The campus contains several acres covered
with a tine growth of native shade-trees. The city
has so extended its limits and increased its popula
tion that the school is now about the centre, and
occupies a verv commanding position. It is now
in first-class condition, with a good telescope, chemi
cal laboratory, and philosophical apparatus, and a
well-selected library. The buildings and grounds
are worth $40,000, and the institution has a small
endowment, and it has no encumbrance of any
kind.

The present officers of the board of trustees
are Hon. J. M. Beck. President; Rev. E. C. Spin-
nev. Yice-President ; Hon. T. W. Xewman, Sccre-
tarv : F. T. Parsons, Treasurer; and E. F. Stearns,
A.M., Principal of the Institute.

Burmah. The Burman Mission, being the first
established by the Baptists in America, will always
occupv a peculiar place in their regards. Burmah
is that part of India beyond the (ianges which lies
i between llindostari on the west and China on the

Baptist church of St. Louis, Mo. This command- east. The population is probably not far from
ing position he held for several years, with credit 10.000. 000, a third of this number speaking the
to himself and the continual growth of the church. Burmese language. The government is a despotic-
Asa lecturer he dr(&gt;w large and delighted audi- monarchy, and the religion Buddhism, "one of
enccs. His course of lectures on the "Women of the most ancient and wide-spread superstitions ex-

BCJtMAIf

160

Jil li.VA/f

isting on the earth, and one which, in its various
branches, holds heneath its gloomy sway the minds
of a third of the human race." The mi-sinn to
Burmah was coiiinieiicecl by .Mr. and .Mrs. .Judson
in IS 13. at Rangoon, the principal seaport of the
empire. The formal appointment of Mr. Judsem
as a missionary of the Baptist Triennial Conven
tion was made in Mav. 1S14. The first work of
the new missionary was the preparation of a
tract on the nature of the Christian religion, with
a hrief abstract of its leading doctrines. On the
l.")th of October, 1X10. Rev. Mr. Hough and wife
jnined Mr. and .Mrs. .Judson at Rangoon. Mr.
Hough was a praetie-al printer, ami lie addressed
himself at once to the printing of portions of the
Scriptures and short religious treatises to he placed
in the hands of the natives, whose; curiositv was
awakened to see the sacred hooks of the new re
ligion. Four years passed before the- first sincere
inquirer came to Mr. Judson to ask after the way
of salvation, lie found the Saviour, and was bap-
ti/.ed at Rangoon, June 27, 1819. From that time
tin; missionaries had persecution, discouragement,
and progress marking their experiences; but view
ing all the facts in their history, the mission in
Burmah has enjoved much prosperity.

The Karen Mission is bound up with the mission
to the Burmese by geographical ties.

The word Karen means wild nun/, and applies
to a rude people who are scattered over the moun
tains and forests of Burmah, Siam, and the adja
cent countries. They are divided into several tribes,
the chief of which are the S gau and Pwo. They
have been the subjects of cruel oppression, espe
cially by the Burmese, who have compelled them,
for a long time, to act about as if they were their
slaves, exacting from them the hardest tasks, and
forcing from them large tributes of money. Their
life, in consequence of the cruelties inflicted upon
them, has been a nomadic one, and they hide them
selves away in jungles and mountainous retreats
to escape from the persecutions of their enemies.
In many respects, even before they were reached by
the civilizing influences of Christianity, they were
said to be superior to the Burmese, who. in a special
manner, were their foes. Whence these people
originated is not definitely known. By some they
are supposed to have been the aborigines of the
country, while others regard them as immigrants
from India.

At the time the Karens came, into special notice
by the contact of American missionaries they did
not seem to have any well-defined form of religious
belief, nor any distinct priesthood. There were
among them some remarkable traditions, which
strikingly corresponded with the teachings of the
Bible, as the account of the creation of man. the
temptation in the garden of Eden, the deluge, etc.

They had also some prophecies which pointed on
to happier times when they should no longer be
degraded, but should be lifted up out of the condi
tion in which for so long a time they had groaned.
! Among such a people, apparently so well prepared
to receive the gospel, the missionaries were wel
comed most heartily.

The first Karen converted and baptized was Ko
Tha-byu ; this occurred in 1828. lie was a man
| of middle age, once a slave, whose freedom had
been purchased by the missionaries; his conversion
commenced the Karen .Mission, so greatly honored
oHiod. In 1831. Mr. Boardmau visited the jungle
homes of the Karens, after conversing with many
of them at his own residence, and preached -Jesus
to them.

AVithout any further reference; to the race dis
tinction between Karens and Burmese, we will state
that

The Rangoon Mission was established in IS]:],
and in 1SSO it had 25 missionaries. 71 nathe
preachers, .IS churches, and 4031 members.

The Maulmain Mission was establishes! in 1827,
and at that statie)ii then; are 111 missionaries. 23
native preachers. IS churches, and ll!-M&gt; members.

The Tavoy Mission, founded in 182 s1 . lias 3 mis
sionaries. 20 native preachers. 21 churches, and
1038 members.

The Bassein Mission, commenced in 1840. has
12 missionaries, 142 native preachers. ( J(I chuivhe.-.
and 7808 members.

The Ilenthada Mission, instituteel in 1X53, has
1 missionary, 45 native preachers, 5X churches,
and 1998 members.

The Swaygyeen Mission, begun in 1853, has 4
missionaries, 24 native preachers. 23 churches, and
80" members.

The Toungoo Mission, started in 1X53. has 14
missionaries, 98 native preachers, 117 churches,
and 3910 members.

The Thongzai Mission, the foundations of which
were laid in 1X55, has 2 missionaries, 10 native
preachers, 3 churches, and 297 members.

The Prome Mission was commenced in 1854, and
has 3 missionaries, 7 native preachers, 3 churches,
and 225 members.

The Zeegong Mission, established in 1876. has
I missionary. 2 native preachers, 2 churches, and
110 members.

The Bhamo Mission, founded in 1877, has 4
missionaries. native; preachers, and 10 members.

The missions among the Burmese and Karens
have 88 missionaries, 448 native preachers. 433
churches, and 21.594 members. This is just about
half our missionary strength in the East, in labor
ers and baptized converts, and \ve have our gar
nered harvests in Sweden, Germany, and France
besides.

BUKX

167

BUR XII AM

The translation of the whole Bible into the Bur
mese language was completed Jan. 31, 1834. A
Karen newspaper, The Moniintj S/ar, was estab
lished at Tavoy in September, 1S41. The whole
New Testament was issued in Karen. Nov. 1, 1843,
and the entire Bible in January, 1851. In IS") 7
all the Karen churches concluded to support them
selves, anil the mission churches in Burmah are
among the most liberal contributors to send the
gospel to the heathen. Books for schools and a
Christian literature have been created by the mis
sionaries in Burmah, and the unprejudiced observer
of their labors cannot fail to regard them as the
benefactors of the races for whose welfare tliev
have toiled and sacrificed so much. Schools of
various grades have been established for the educa
tion of the people, in which large numbers receive
instruction from accomplished and godlv teachers;
and a theological seminary was established in Maul-
main in 1844. which was subsequently removed to
Rangoon, which has trained a largo number of
native ministers and teachers for the Karens. A
sketch of this institution will lie found in the article
".Rangoon Colb-go. Nowhere in the whole range
of modern missionary toil have Christian labors
among the heathen been more signally blessed than
in Burmah.

Burn, Rev. W. G., was born in Guilford Co..
N. C., April 4. 1820; baptized by Barton Roby.
Sept. 20, 1840: ordained in 1843; has been pastor
of Flat Rock church for twenty -seven years; has
bapti/.ed 1200 souls, constituted 5 churches, and
aided in the ordination of 25 ministers; was mod
erator of the Yailkin Association for several years,
and has three sons in the ministry.

Burnett, Robert H., long president of the Lou
isiana Baptist Convention, was born in South Caro- I
lina in 1812. and in 1837 united in the constitution i
of Mount Lebanon church, the first church organ
ized in Northeastern Louisiana; was also for many
years moderator of lied River Baptist Association.
Burney, Thomas J., greatly distinguished and
honored among Georgia Baptists for his able and
successful management of the finances of the Geor
gia Baptist Convention for a long series of years.
during which he acted as treasurer of that body,
was born in Greene Co., April 2 ( .i, 1801. He died
June 22, 1X7(&gt;, most of his life having boon spent
in Madison, Ga. When young he had fair educa
tional advantages ; was for a time a student at the
famous law school of St. Gem-go Tucker, Winches
ter. Va., and for a brief period lie engaged in the
practice of law. Although lie served in the United
States land-office at Cahawba, Ala., for some time.
and was all his life a man of business, yet Mr. Bur
ney was distinguished more for his deep religious
convictions and for his usefulness in church and
educational matters than for eminence in any

other respect. He was baptized by Dr. Adiel Sher
wood in November, 1834. and for forty years was
an active, useful, and faithful member of the Madi
son church, of which he was for many years deacon
and treasurer, lie was secretary and treasurer of
the Georgia Female College, a member of the board
of trustees for that institution and also of Mercer
I Diversity, and was the treasurer of the university
and a member of the Executive and Prudential
Committees of the Georgia Baptist Convention for
many years. So skillfully did he manage the vast

THOMAS J. IirUNDV.

interests intrusted to his hands as treasurer of the
Georgia Baptist Convention and of Mercer Uni
versity that his brethren gave him unlimited au
thority over all the funds. He was a man of firm
purpose, dauntless resolution, and unswerving in
tegrity, all his other duties yielding to his religious
obligations. He was calm, self-possessed, temper
ate, and thoughtful. He was not known as a
speaker in the conventional meetings, but his few
and pointed words ever received respectful atten
tion. His house was the preacher s home, and
from its altar the incense of morning and evening
sacrifice ascended each day. His death was calm,
peaceful, and happy.

Burnham, Prof. S., A.M., graduated from
Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me., in 18C&gt;2, and
from the theological seminary at Newton. Mass., in
1873. Pastor at Amherst. Mass.. 1873-74; teacher
in Worcester Academy, Worcester, Mass., in 1874 ;
elected Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament
Exegesis in Hamilton Theological Seminary in
1875, which position he still retains.

16S

JiUJi ROUGHS

Burns, Dawson, M.A., son of -lube/ Burns,
D.I)., was born in London in IS JS. He studied at
tho General Baptist Theological Seminary at Leices
ter, and commenced his ministry in 1X50. For
several years .Mr. Burns was occupied in ]&gt;ul)lic
work in connection with the temperance movement.
In 1S74 lie was elected co-pastor with his father,
after whose death he succeeded to the sole charge.
.Mr. Burns is widely known as one of the leaders of
the United Kingdom Alliance For tin suppression of
the traffic in intoxicating drinks, a society which
attracts a large body of supporters of various re
ligious and political opinions, and wi- lds a potent
iniliieiice in Parliamentary elections in the large
cities and towns.

Burns, Jabez, D.D., for many years an eminent
minister of the English General Baptists, was born
in Oldham, Lancashire, Dec. IS. ISO,"). In hisyouth
he connected himself with the .Methodists, but some
years later he was bapti/.ed, and became associated
with the General Baptists. He was engaged for
some years in lecturing and preaching in Scotland.
mainly in connection with the temperance move
ment, of which throughout lii e he was an able and
conspicuous leader. In .June, IS. ),"), he was called
to the pastorate of the church in London. Here for
upwards of forty years he labored with distinguished
success. He also wrote and published largely, his
best-known works being "Helps to Students and
Lav Preachers" and "Manuals for Devotional Use
and Family Worship." He visited this country in
J847 as a, delegate IVom the General Baptist Asso
ciation to the Free-Will Baptist Triennial Confer
ence, and also in 1S7 J. His "Retrospect of a
Forty Years .Ministry." published in 1X75, gives
an interesting description of the modern progress of
religion, temperance, and philanthropic enterprises.
In recognition of his merits as a religious writer,
and particularly of the character of his " Pulpit
Cyclopedia," the Wesleyan University of Connect
icut conferred upon him the degree of D.I), in 1X46,
and in 1X72 Bates College, Me., added the degree of
LL.D. He was verv ellicient to the end of his life,
and as a preacher and public speaker he was highly
esteemed. lie died -Jan. 31, 1X76, aged seventy.

Burr, Normand, was born in Hartford, Conn.,
Oct. 5, 1X02 ; his business was printing and pub
lishing; converted in 1XIJS. and united with the
South Baptist church, being baptl/ed by l!ev.
Robert Turnbull. D.D. ; was editor and publisher
of the Cln-ixliini Ser.rdciry, with others, from 1X40
to his death, Dec. "&gt;, 1X61. He had two children,
a son and a daughter. Mrs. Sigourney. the poetess,
wrote of him. and wrote truly.

" We knew him ;is u man of sterling worth.
Whose pxxl example is a legacy
Better than gold for those he leaves behind.
Hi.s inhorn piety flowed forth in streams
Of social kindness and domestic love."

Burrage, Rev. Henry S., was born in Fitch-

burir. Mass., and graduated at Brown University
in the class of 1X61. He was connected with the
Newton Theological Institution six years, 1X61-
67. For three years during the late war he was in
the military service of the United States. His ordi
nation took place in December. 1X69, and he was
pastor of the church in Watervilie, Me.. 1X70-73.
lie became in 1X7. ) the proprietor and editor of
Zinn x Aili ocutc. a weekly religious paper pub
lished in Portland. Me., and still holds this posi
tion.

.Mr. Burrage is the compiler of a volume enti
tled " Brown University in the War." containing
sketches of the graduates and students of the
universitv who were in the service of the United
States in the late civil war, and he is the author
of a learned work entitled The Act of Bap
tism."

Burroughs, J. C., D.D., LL.D. Dr. Burroughs
is a native of Western New York, and was born
in the year IX P.). His literary education he
received at Vale College, and his theological at
Hamilton. His first settlement as pastor was at
Waterford, N. V.. and his second at West Troy,
in the same State. Jle soon became well known in
New York as an efficient pastor and a highly ac
ceptable preacher, and while yet in the early part
of his ministerial career he was (.-ailed upon for
special service on important occasions, and his
counsel sought in connection with the management
of denominational affairs. In the year 1X52. after
a pastorate of some ten years in the East, he was
called to the First Baptist church of Chicago. In
the same month, October, 1X52, that Mr. Burroughs
heo-an his labors with this church the house of
worship, built in 1X43. was burned. Immediate
measures were taken for the erection of a new edi
fice upon the same ground, the church meanwhile
worshiping in a small building near by. The
corner-stone was laid July. IS."): ,, and the new house
dedicated in the November following, a commodious
and tasteful structure, costing S30.000. In con
nection with the labors of his pastorate, in these
circumstances unusually exacting. Mr. Burroughs
established, in association with brethren AVeston and
.Joslvn, the weekly Baptist paper in Chicago, the
C/iriN/iaii Times, now the H&lt;.in&gt;l&lt;ml. having pur
chased, as preliminary to this, the subscription list
of the paper previously issued by Rev. Luther
Stout. Tlie \Vatchuian of tlie Prairie. About the
year IS"),"), the presidency of Shurtleff College
having become vacant, Mr. Burroughs was strongly
solicited to accept that post. This he declined, but
an opening occurring, providentially, for the found
ing of a university in Chicago, he felt it to be his duty
to give himself to this, and with that view resigned
his pastorate in 1856. The deed of gift from Sen-

BURROUGHS

ator Douglas for the university site of ten acres
was procured by Mr. Burroughs. To tlie.se t\vo
men, and to the latter certainly not less than the
former, the Baptist denomination is chiefly in
debted for the university at Chicago. Dr. Bur
roughs was the first president of the university,
holding this office until the creation of that of
chancellor, in the year 1870, to which he was
elected, Dr. Lemuel Moss taking the presidency.
He held the chancellorship until 1878. when he re
signed this office also. During the earlv years of
the university lie consecrated himself to its interest
with absolute self-devotion. Large amounts were
obtained by him in subset iptions and pledges,
much of it lost subsequently through the financial
disasters which made collection impossible, but
none the less a fruit of earnest and well-directed
labor on his own part. In the whole work of uni
versity organization he of course largely shared,
while in the department of instruction the quality
of his teaching is witnessed by the strong affection
cherished for him by his pupils in their after-life.
Dr. Burroughs still has his residence at Chicago,
although his official connection with the university
has ceased.

Burroughs, Rev. Joseph, was b.u-n in London.
England, Jan. 1, ]f&gt;S;&gt;. ]{,; W as converted and
called to the ministry in earlv life, and for the
proper discharge of a pastor s duties he received
a liberal education at a private academy in London
and at the University of Leyden. He was ordained
May 1, 1717, as pastor of the church in Paul s
Alley. Barbican, London. Here he labored with
great success and untiring faithfulness for more
than forty years. He was a great admirer of the
^Vord of God, upon the exposition of which he
expended his unusual abilities and his extensive
learning. He had a special desire to promote the
practical duties of the Saviour s religion, and to
secure as far as possible a church wholly conse
crated to God. lie was a warm friend to the
cause of Christ in general, but to the Baptist
churches specially, among which he was one of
the most popular men of his day. Though a. Chris
tian of the largest charity he believed that bap
tism was a prerequisite to the Lord s Supper, and
his faith and practice walked together in scriptural
harmony. Towards the close of life he manifested
a spirit of extraordinary humility, charging him
self with many defects and relying for salvation
wholly upon the mercy of God. He passed from
earth without a struggle on the 23d of November,
1701. in his seventy-seventh year. Mr. Burroughs
was a General Baptist.
Burrows, John Lansing, D.D., son of Samuel

Burrows, a naval officer of the war of 1812. was
born in New York in 1814. His father died of
yellow fever at Mobile in 1S22, after which he be-
12

BURROWS

came the ward of his grandfather, Nathaniel Bur
rows, of Bucks Co.. Pa., who educated him with
much care. lie finished his education at Andover,
i Mass. In 1835 he was ordained to the ministry in
j Poughkeepsie. and became assistant pastor of a
I church in New York City. In 1830 he removed to
I Kentucky, and engaged in teaching at Shelbyville,
i and subsequently at Fdixabethtown. In 1839 he
took charge of the church at Ower.sborough. and
also organized and took charge of the church at Ilen-
! derson. In 1840 he became pastor of Sansom Street
church in Philadelphia. In 1844 he founded the
Broad Street church, same city, and was its suc
cessful pastor for ten years. In 18.")4 he accepted
the pastorate of the First Baptist church in Rich
mond. Ya., a relation which he sustained for
twenty years. He returned to Kentucky in 1874,
and became pastor of the Broadway Baptist church
in Louisville, where he still ministers (1880).

Dr. Burrows has a national fame as a irraceful
and eloquent pulpit orator, an easy, elegant writer,
and a man of varied learning and extensive read
ing, and. best of all. Dr. Burrows has been one of
the most useful men in the ministry of our denom
ination.

Burrows, Rev. Silas, son of Amos and Mary
! (Rathbone) Burrows, was born in Groton. Conn.,
in 1741. His father, educated in the standing or
der, became a speaker among the Liberal ists. o;-
New Lights. His brother Amos became a licensed
Baptist preacher. Silas was converted when about
twenty-three years of age. under the preaching of
Rev. Mr. Reynolds, a Baptist from Norwich, and
was one of the first members of the Second Baptist
church in Groton. which chose him as their leader.
He was ordained aid nit 170"), and held the pastoral
office of the church for fifty-three years. Amid
the agitations resulting from the great awaken
ing, the Revolutionary war, and the inroads of
infidelity, he stood firmly by the truth and the
cause of liberty. He had two brothers captured in
Fort Griswold. During the powerful revival of
1782-83 several of his children were converted,
among them Daniel and Roswell, who afterwards
became preachers. His ministry was crowned by
another mighty reformation, beginning in January,
1809, and extending through eighteen months,
during which he baptized 130 persons. He married
first, Mary Smith, and second, Mrs. Phehe (Deni-
son) Smith. Of sound native talents, ardent piety,
eminently prayerful spirit, plainness of speech, and
firmness of purpose, he made strong and permanent
impressions upon the people. He was a wise
builder. He fell asleep in 1818, aged seventy-
seven years, and was buried in his own church
yard.

Burrows, Rev. Roswell, son of Rev. Silas Bur
rows, was born in Groton, Sept. 2, 1708. He was

HI S II

converted while ;i inerclitint s clerk ;it, Guilford,
( (inn., when home on :i visit. Though lie became ;i
successful merchant in llopkinton, It. I., he finally
returned to the home of his father in Grotou.
where he yielded to his convictions and the per
suasions of his brethren, and received ordination in
August. 1800. as associate pastor of the Second
Baptist church in (irotoii, with his honored and
silked father, whose place he filled after ISIS, when
his father died. After his ordination, by appoint
ment from the Groton Union Conference, he spent,
several months in a missionary tour, riding more
than I3( K) miles, and preaching once or twice daily,
iliviiiL; a irreat impulse to the cause of missions in
tin; churches. He was always active and efficient
in the (iroton l. nion Conference, and in tin; Ston-
in^tor. Union Association. Through his instru
mentality a church was organized in Preston.
Conn., in 1812. lie also labored somewhat at
(ireenport. L. 1., and in Western New York, on
missionary tours. In his later years he was aided
in his own pulpit by Kevs. Frastus Dennison and
Ira 11. Steward. His ministry at home was at
tended with seven special revivals, and he bapti/.ed
I d t persons, and preached 2880 times. At the age |
of twenty-one he married Jerusha Avery, and was
the father of seven children, one of whom became [
a member of Congress. He died May 28, 1S37,
in his sixty-ninth year. His funeral sermon was
preached by Rev. Daniel Wildman, of New London.
He was buried in the church-yard by the side of
his father.

Burrows, Roswell S., a, prominent layman of
Albion, N. Y., was born in Groton, Conn.. Feb. 22,
1798. He was the grandson of Rev. Silas Burrows
and son of Rev. Roswell Burrows, one pastor for
fifty-three years and the other for thirty-five years
of the Second Baptist church in Groton. He en
tered the Sophomore class of Yale College at the age
of twenty-one, lie was compelled to leave college
in the middle of the junior year by reason of con
tinued ill health. In 1867 the college conferred on
him the honorary degree of A.M. In 1824 he es
tablished himself in Albion, N. Y., where he still
lives, having been for the last ten years the oldest
resident of the place.

He is distinguished chiefly for remarkable busi
ness talents, having been connected with numerous
large public and private enterprises, which have
yielded him an ample fortune, lie has been iden
tified with the university and seminary at Roches
ter through all their history, and gave the latter
institution "The Neander Library," now valued at
$20,000. He has been a member of the United
States House of Representatives.

Burton, Rev. John, was born in 17&lt;H) in Fng-
larid. He came to Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1792.
He visited the United States, embraced Baptist

principles, and was baptized here. He returned
to Halifax, June 17, 1793. and administered the
first baptism witnessed there the following August
24. He organized a Baptist church in that city in
1795, the second one organized in the provinces.
Mr. Burton continued as its pastor until his death.
which occurred Feb. ( &gt;. ISJx He was a Christian
jrentleman. useful in the community in which he
labored, and enjoying the respect and love of those
around him.

Burton, Nathan Smith, D.D., was bom at

Manlius. N. V., Feb. 5. 1S21 : bapti/.ed by Uev. 1.
Hall, at Akron. ()., 1843; graduated from Western
Reserve College in 1840 : spentone year at Western
Reserve; College in theological study; the second
year at Newton, and then returned as classical tutor
to Western Reserve, where he graduated in theology
in l. s .")l) : ordained Nov. 0, 1850, as pastor at Klyria.
().. where he remained until 1853. After a short pas
torate in Cleveland became pastor at Granville. 0.,
where lie remained until 1S02. While pastor here,
in 1S59, established the Young Ladies Institute. In
1802 took charge of the church at Akron, 0. : in
1800, of the church at Ann Arbor, Mich.: in 1871,
of the church at Davenport, Iowa. In 1870 he ac
cepted the professorship of Philosophy in Kala-
ma/.oo College;, but on account of the failure of the
endowment resigned the following year and re
turned to Akron, 0.. where, as pastor of the church,
he still remains.

The honorary degree of D.I), was conferred upon
him by Denison University, in 1S03. He is univer
sally regarded as standing in the front of Ohio
Baptists, and he is profoundly interested in all that
pertains to the interests of the kingdom of Christ.
Burton, Rev. William, was born in Margaree,
Cape Breton : baptized by Rev. Joseph Dimock in

, 1820; ordained July 20, 1828; was co-pastor of
Yarmouth church with the venerable Harris Hard
ing from 1830 to 1853 ; then pastor at Portland, St.
John, New Brunswick, and at Hantsport, Nova
Scotia, where he died in 1807. An earnest, useful

: minister.

Bush, Rev. Alexander, was born in Lowville,
Lewis Co.. N. Y.. Feb. 1, 1810. He was hopefully
converted at the age of seventeen, and baptized in
July. 1827. He devoted some time to the work of
teaching, and feeling that it was his duty to preach,
he entered Hamilton Theological Institution in
1835. In 1838 he received a call from the Tyring-
ham and Lee church, Mass.. and on the 17th of

i October of this year he was ordained as the pastor
of the church. He labored diligently and faith-

! fully, and (lod permitted him to see the rich fruits

! of his ministerial toil. His ministry was a short
one. In the spring of 1842 he was forced partially

. to suspend his work. He preached his last sermon
July 30 of this year. For a year or two he lin-

BUSH

171

gered, a great and constant sufferer. lie died June
17, 1S44.

Bush, Rev. Alva, LL.D., was born iii Busti,
Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Jan. 25, 18:&gt;0. lie was
the second son of Soldi n F. Bush and Fiorina
Blackman. lie was converted and joined the Bap
tist church in Busti in 1840. under the pastorate
of Rev. E. R. Swain. He completed his education
in Burlington University. lie was licensed to
preach by the church at Strawberry Point in 1858,
and ordained at the same place in 1859. He sup
plied the church one year during an interim in the
pastorate of Rev. George Scott. He was pastor of
the church at Fayette in I860, imparting instruc-

KEV. AI.V A nrsii. 1. 1.. n.

tion part of the time in the Upper Iowa University,
during which Rev. J. E. Clough and Hattie Sunder-
land, afterwards Mrs. Clough, were students in
that institution, and part of the time members of
Mr. Bush s family.

lie was settled in Osage, and opened the school
which was to be the Cedar Valley Seminary, Jan
uary. 18d3. During the eighteen years of his con
nection with the seminary he served the Baptist
church of Osage as pastor something over ten
years, and preached regularly at out-stations during
the remainder of the time.

Bussy, Rev. B. W., was born and brought up in
Columbus, Ga., but preached for years in Ilunts-
ville and Mobile, Ala. He is now the able pastor
of the Americus Baptist church, having returned
to his native State. A man of more than ordinary
ability, he is a fine pastor and preacher, and an
efficient Sunday-school worker.

Bussy, Hon. James, a prominent lawyer at
Bastrop. La., was born in Georgia in 1S/50. Jmlire
Bussy is a striking example of what may be ac
complished under almost insurmountable difficul
ties. In early life an incurable paralysis made
him a helpless dependent. Bv perseverance he de
veloped strength in his arms, and acquired the
power of balancing himself on crutches. Bv dim
of application he made himself an intelligent law
yer, and has risen to distinction in church and
state, lie has made it a rule of life to devote one-
tenth of his gross income to the Lord. Under the
blessing of God he has prospered, and is now a
man of wealth. He has presided as moderator of
Bayou Macon Association and as president of the
State Convention.

Butler, Rev. David E., who has deservedly
been greatly honored by the Baptists of Georgia
with places of trust, was born in Wilkes County.
When a young man and a practicing lawyer, in
Washington, AVilkes County, he was the personal
friend of Jesse Mercer, whose will he wrote, and
whose executor he was. Mr. Butler is a graduate
of Mercer. It was not until after his marriage that
he felt constrained to enter the ministry ; while
living on his farm in the country he was unable to
restrain his inclinations to point sinners to the
Lamb slain for us : lie gradually became convinced
that it was his duty to preach, and he submitted
to ordination, and entered upon the ministry.
He has been an eloquent pleader for Jesus and a
good preacher. lie has had charge of various
churches, while his homo has generally been at
Madison. Before the war he was a wealthy planter,
and never sought remuneration for pulpit services.
Since the return of peace he lias maintained his
farming interests, not being dependent on the min
istry. In the Central Association he has been a
ruling spirit, and frequently has been its moderator,
by election. For five years, from 1872 to 1S7&lt;&gt;, in
clusive, he was president of the Georgia Baptist
Convention ; for many years he has been the presi
dent of the board of trustees of Mercer Univer
sity : and for several years he was the efficient
editor of the C/irix/uui Index. Since the war his
influence in the denomination has been great and
beneficial, and he has almost been the central figure
around which Georgia Baptist interests have gravi
tated. Mr. Butler is an eloquent speaker and an
exceedingly ready man. possessing a fine command
of language. He is universally held in the highest
esteem, and amid many diversified employments
has never ceased eloquently to proclaim the gospel.
As the friend of education and missions, the friend
and supporter of Mercer and the Convention, he
stands out in bold relief in the denomination. lie
is exceedingly popular all over the State, among
all classes and denominations : his name has been

nUTLKR

BYRON

freely spoken of in connection with the guberna
torial office of Georgia.

Butler, GOV. Ezra, was born in Lancaster.
Mass., in September. 17(&gt;3. He lived for some
years with Dr. Stearns, of Claremont, N. 11.. where
he had the management of a large farm. In his
twenty-second year he removed to A\ aterbury,
Vt.. where he commenced farming. lie was almost
literally in a. wilderness, there being but one other
family in the whole place. Indeed, the whole sec
tion was but little better than a dense forest for
miles in every direction. When he was twenty-
seven years of age he became a hopeful Christian.
ills conversion was a remarkable one. and plainly
the wnrk of the Holy Spirit. He was baptized by
"Elder" Call in his wilderness home. In due time
Waterbury attracted to itself inhabitants, and to
wards the end of the year 1800 there were a suffi
cient number of persons holding Baptist sentiments
to lead to the formation of a Baptist church, and
Mr. Butler was chosen and ordained its pastor,
which office he held over thirty years.

Beinn a person of superior education he was
called to (ill various civil offices, as town clerk, jus
tice of the peace, and representative for several
terms to the General Assembly of Vermont. For
a number of years he was chief justice for "W ash-
ington County. From 1813 to 181") he was a mem
ber of Congress, and for two years In; was governor
of the State. " His administration as governor was
distinguished chielly by a vigorous and successful
effort for the suppression of lotteries, and by some
essential improvement in the system of common
school education." In 1831) he officiated as one of
the electors of the President of the United States.
Amidst all the responsibilities connected with the
civil trusts committed to his hands he never lost
sight of the higher office which he held as an ambas
sador of Christ. While he was governor of the State
an extensive revival was in progress in his own
town, in which he took the deepest interest, his
heart being greatly gladdened by the circumstance
that several members of his own family were among
its fruits. Gov. Butler died July 12, 1838, in the
seventy-fifth year of his age.

In the report of the travels of Messrs. Cox and
Hoby a deputation from the Baptist churches in
England to the Baptist churches in this country
we find the following extract taken from Dr.
Sprngue s " Annals." The language is Mr. Iloby s :

At Waterbury I paid a visit to Gov. Butler,
who, you remember, though a pastor in our de
nomination, had once the honor of being governor
of the State of Vermont. His eye is not so dimmed
with age but that you may clearly discern that it
was once expressive of the intelligence and energy
equal to the responsibilities of such an office, how
ever undesirable it may be to blend it with pastoral

engagements. Forever let his name be honored
among those who steadfastly determined and la
bored with untiring y.eal to disencumber the State
of the burden of a religious establishment, and re
ligion of the manifold evils of State patronage. As
he walked towards the town he told me that fifty
years ago he cleared the first spot in this cultivated
district, which was then all wilderness. Now his
children s children are growing up around him, to
inherit the land and the liberties they owe so lit
erally to their fathers."

Butterfield, Rev. Isaac, was born in Andover,
Vt.. Oct. It). 1812 : removed to New Ipswich. N. 11..
at the age of twenty-one years: was baptized by
Rev. Asaph Merriam in May. Is3f). and studied
for a short time in Appleton Academy, New Ips
wich, after his conversion. He was licensed to
preach in the spring of lS3i &gt;. and was ordained in
January, 1S37, as pastor of the church in Cicero,
N. Y. He remained ten years in the Onondaga
Association, live of which were spent in Elbridge.
Then followed nearly ten years of service in &lt;&gt;s-
wego. part as pastor of the First church, and then
lie went out with a colony which formed the "\\est
church. He was for seven years pastor in Daven
port. Iowa, also served for brief terms in Water-
town, N. Y. ; Adrian, Mich.: Hightstown. N. J. :
Monroe. Mich.; and Grand Rapids. Then for six
years he was again at the West church in Oswego.
In 1S7") he yielded to an urgent appeal from the
First church in Jackson to come to them in a time
of special exigency, and for five years he gave his
service with great self-devotion. The last of the
five years Rev. C. E. Harris was his colleague.
Mr. Butterfield now resides in Grand Rapids. lie
has been a laborious worker in the Lord s vine
yard, and has counted it a pleasure to serve in
fields from which others would shrink. His influ
ence has been that of a peace-maker, and his
churches have been greatly attached to him. He
was married Sept. 14, 183S, to Miss Sarah A. Tem-
pleton, of Northfield, Mass.

Buys, Rev. James, M.D., was long an efficient
minister in North Louisiana. He was born in Geor
gia in 1SOO ; removed to Louisiana in 1848, and died
in Winn Pas. La.. Oct. 26, 18&gt;7.

Byron, Deacon Wm. Henry, a native of New

York City, where he was born June 21, 1808.
His father died when he was a child. His mother,
a lady of fine mental and Christian culture, de
voted herself to his early training. His religious
education was her special care. His mental cul
ture she intrusted to the best schools of the city.
When of a suitable age he was placed in a large
mercantile establishment, and he became a mem
ber of the family of one of the partners, who be
longed to St. George s church, New Y ork. His
Christian influence over the youth was of a most

BYRON

173

BYROX

marked character, and lnul much to do with his
subsequent conversion. At eighteen years of age
he obtained a hope in Christ, and was baptized by
Rev. Dr. Cone into the fellowship of the Oliver
Street Baptist church, of which his mother had
long been a member. He afterwards connected
himself with the Amity Street Baptist church,
under the pastoral care of Dr. Win. R. Williams.
In March, 183"). lie removed to Painesvillc, 0..
where he engaged in business until 184, !, when he
removed to Milwaukee. Wis. Here he founded a
mercantile establishment, which for many years
was one of the most extensive in the cit\-. He
continued this business until a painful disease
compelled him to retire from active pursuits.

But it is chiefly as a Christian worker that Dea
con IJyron is best known. Xature had given him
pre-eminent qualifications for usefulness in the.
Sunday-school, and to this field be devoted himself
with a consecration and zeal rarely surpassed.
Even while at the bead of a lar^e and extensive
business, taxing all his resources, he found time
to labor in the work he loved so well. Deacon
Byron s active Sunday-school career began before
his conversion. As early as 1822 he was a teacher
in a mission school in New York. It was in it
that -lames -Brainard Taylor was converted, and in
it, Deacon Win. IT. Byron was taught his sinfulnoss
and led to Christ.

It was through Deacon Byron s influence, chiefly,
that the Wisconsin State Sunday-School Associa

tion was formed in 184(5, and he became its first
president, which oflice lie held until 18f)o. In ISliO
the Wisconsin Sunday-School Union was formed,
and Deacon IJyron was elected its president. One
year later he was appointed its general agent and
superintendent of its work in the State. From the
spring of 1861, until the summer of 18(54, lie was
actively engaged in its service, and although almost
entirely without the use of his limbs, lie traveled
thousands of miles and held hundreds of Conven
tions, in which he made addresses. Hven when his
disease assumed the most painful and alarming
forms he continued in the field. Indeed, so &lt;rreut
was his love for the work and so consuming his
zeal in it. that it was (dear that he could not re
main out of it. and that he should die with the
harness on. After he could no longer walk, he
was borne in the arms of friends to institutes and
Conventions and Sunday-schools.

lie died, at Sparta, Wis.. Sept. 12. 187."). to which
place he had been removed from his home in Mil
waukee. He was a man of fine endowments, all
of which from the hour of conversion he conse
crated to Christ. He was singularlv fortunate in
having as his early Christian instructors such men
as Spencer II. (. one, D.D.. and Win. I!. Williams,
D.D. lie had a profound acquaintance with the
AVord of (Joel. lie devoted to the Scriptures the
most earnest and praverful studv throughout his
life. He lived for Christ and Christ lived in him.
He died in great peace, aged sixty-seven vears.

174

CALDICOTT

Cade, Rev. Baylus, one of tlio most distin
guished preachers of West, Virginia, was horn Sept.
3, 1^44. in Harbour Countv. now a paif ol \\est
Virginia. II made :i profession of I aitli and was

KF. V. ISAYU :

baptized Dec. ,). lXi&gt;4. In October, 1XC&gt;6. he entered
Richmond College as a student, remain in g there
until June . !(). ISt ) ,). lie was ordained in IS09 and
began his work as a minister, and he is now (1880)
filling one of the most important positions in the
State, as pastor of Ureenbrier church at Alderson,
to which work tie is devoting all his time and en
ergy. Mr. Cade took a very active part in estab
lishing Shelton College, giving liberally to its
support, and inducing others to follow his example.
His work in connection with this institution has
been very laborious, but he has the satisfaction of
enjoying the success of his labors. His extensive
reading and retentive memory, united with great
native ability, place him in the front ranks as an
organizer and leader in our denominational move
ments, and in his ministerial calling.

Cain, Rev. Moses Powel, was born in Jefferson
Co., (la.. Aug. 7. 1X30. His father, James Cain,
was a South Carolinian and a distinguished deacon.

His mother was a woman of great pietv, and thus
it happened that he was reared in the fear of &lt;iod.
In 18")&lt;) he graduated at Peri field, having been
converted during his college course. For several
years after graduating Mr. Cain taught school : he
was ordained in IS,") ,), und from that time to the
present he has been engaged in teaching, preach
ing, and farming. At present he resides on the
old homestead, preaching to neighboring churches.
lie is a man of talent and of deep piety.

Calahan, Rev. Charles W., pastor of Hope,
Ark., was born in Alabama in IX.") 1 graduated at
Union University, Term.: ordained in 1X7-5: after
preaching some time in his native State lie became
pastor at Monticello, Ark., in I&lt; S 77 : spent one vear
at Long-town. Miss., returned to Monticello. and in
1X79 accepted his present pastorate.

Caldicott, T. F., D.D., was born in the village
of Long Buckley, Northamptonshire, England, in
March, 1X03. His father was a deacon in the Baptist
church in Long Bucklev. and occasionally officiated
as a preacher. In IXi24. Dr. Caldicott came to
Canada as the tutor to the children of some military
officers, and for some time made his home in Quebec.
lie taught subsequently in Toronto and Kingston,
where his services commanded the patronage of
some of the best citizens of these places. In 1X31
he became connected with Madison Universitv as
a student, and in 1X34 was ordained as pastor of
the Baptist church in Lockport, where he remained
for four years, when he was called to the pastorate
of what is now the Dudley Street church. Boston
Highlands, then Roxbury. and continued in this re
lation for seven or eight years. Upon resigning his
pastorate in Roxbury, he acted for some time as the
secretary of the Northern Baptist Education So
ciety, devoting himself with great zeal to the cause
of ministerial education. Subsequently he was
pastor of the church in Charlestown, and of Baldwin
Place church in Boston, and then removed to
! Williamsburg, N. Y.. from which place he re-
1 moved to Toronto, to become the pastor of the
Bond Street Baptist church It was in Toronto
that he died, the event taking place July 0, 1869.
Dr. Caldicott had the pleasing art of making warm
1 friends. He was eminently of a happy, social
disposition, and his very presence was a bene-
I diction. Wherever he was settled he was an earnest,
i laborious minister of the gospel, and was the means
j of introducing a large number of persons into the

17.")

churches to which he ministered. It is pleasant to
pav this tribute of affection to his memorv.

Caldwell, Hon. Robert P., of Trenton. Te.m..
was born in Adair Co.. Ky., Pec. 16, 1X21 ; had a
public school education : studied and practiced
law: was in the lower branch of the General As
sembly of Tennessee in 1X47-48. and was in the
upper branch in I8 r &gt;f&gt;-.~&gt;f). and was elected attorney-
general in the sixteenth judicial circuit of Tennes
see in 18")X; was major in the 12th Tenu. In-
fantrv of the Confederate service : had his disabili
ties removed by act of Congress: and was elected
to the 42&lt;1 Congress, receiving 8227 votes, against
1848 votes for his opponent.

Hon. Mr. Caldwell professed religion, and was
bapti/.ed by Rev. Dr. Ilillsman into the fellowship
of the Trenton Baptist church. October. 1863. and
bus continued a reputable and useful member up
to this writing. 18X0.

Mr. Caldwell is a gentleman of fine intellect, and
stands high as a lawver and as a Christian.

Caldwell, Samuel L., D.D., president of Vassal-
College, was born in Newburyport. Mass.. Nov. 13,

SAMTEI, I.. CALDWELT., D.D.

1820. His ancestors were early settlers on that
coast. lie was prepared for college in the grammar
school of his native town. After a four years
course he was graduated from Waterville College,
Me., in 1X39. On leaving college he took charge
of the Academy at Hampton Falls, N. IT. Soon
after that he was head-master of the West Gram
mar School, of Newburyport, for three years.
After teaching three years he entered the theo
logical seminary at Newton. Mass., where he was

graduated in 1845. During the subsequent win
ter he preached for the Baptist church iu Alex
andria, Va. In the spring of 1846, he took charge
of the First Baptist church of Bangor, Mich., and
was ordained as its pastor. The union continued
twelve years, and the church was greatly strength
ened. In 1856 he accepted the pastoral charge of
the First Baptist church of Providence. K. I., whose
pulpit had been vacated by the death of James N.
Granger. I). I). After a ministry of over fifteen
years, lit; resigned to accept the professorship of
Church History in Newton Theological Institu
tion. Hi ably filled this post five years, and on the
death of -John II. Raymond, LL.D., the president
of Vassar College, Dr. Caldwell was elected his
successor, and entered upon the duties of the posi
tion in September, 1X58. His ability and special
fitness for the high office are admitted by all. and
that noble educational institution will, it is be
lieved, rise to still grander proportions under his
administration.

Caldwell, William B., M.D., was born in Co
lumbia, Ky., April 3. 1X18. After finishinir his
literary education he studied medicine at Lexington,
Ky.. for a time, graduated in that science at the
University of Pennsylvania, and located in his na
tive town in 1841. In 1846 lie removed to Louis
ville, where he rapidly acquired one of the most
extensive and lucrative practices in the city. This
he retained until failing health compelled his re
tirement. He confined himself strictly to his pro
fession, and thereby acquired a large fortune. In
1809 he consented to fill a seat in tin; Legislature
of his State, lie united with the Baptist church
in Columbia in 1837, and continues a faithful and
efficient member. He has been prominent in the
Executive Board of the General Association of
Baptists in Kentucky since 1846. In 1837 he
married Miss Ann Augusta, daughter of Hon.
lames Guthrie, who was also a Baptist, a woman
of intelligence, culture, ami piety, and whose large
estate was liberally used for the cause of Christ.

Calhoim, Hon. J. R., is a member of the Bap
tist church, Summerside. Prince Edward s Island,
and a merchant remarkable for hisexcellent abilities
and large contributions in support of denomina
tional objects ; is also a member of the Prince Ed
ward s Island House of Assembly, and is strong in
support of right and religion.

California. One of the largest of the United
States, bordering on the Pacific Ocean. 600 miles
long and nearly 200 broad ; noted for its immense
productions of gold since 1849, its abundant har
vests of wheat, and all the fruits of the tropics and
temperate zones. All Baptist and other Protestant,
as well as Catholic churches, are laving foundations
for the future. Population of the State is about
1,000,000. Baptists began their work in California

CALIFOHXIA COLJ.KGK

CALL A \\ A Y

in 1S4 ( J. They now have 121 churches, with nearly

7000 members, 1 college, 3 academical institutions,
G Associations, 1 weekly paper. I ke Kcan&lt;j&lt;-l. and
1 monthly, Tltf Herald of Truth, \\ State Conven
tion. College ami Mission Hoards, a Woman s
Home .Mission and a Woman s Foreign .Mission
Society, a State Ministers Institute, and about 120
ordained ministers. The churches are most of them
widely scattered and not wealthy. (See article SAN
FRANCISCO. )

California College, Cal. In 1*70. it was an
nounced at the meeting of the Pacific Association,
held at Santa Kosa. that the property of the Pacific
Methodist College at Yacaville was for sale. A
committee appointed to make, inquiries reported
favorably at a conference in Napa. The purchase
was made, a Baptist Convention was called, which
organized a college board, obtained a charter, and
elected Prof. Mark Bailey president. The insti
tution was opened -Jan. 4. 1S71. with 14 students.
A productive endowment fund of 20,000 has since
been raised. The sacrifices incident to establishing
a college in a new State have endeared the institu
tion to the hearts of its friends. In the spring of
IS;. !. Ir. A. S. Worrell succeeded Prof. Bailey as
president: in November. lS7-"&gt;. he resigned, and
\vas succeeded bv the lamented T. W. Greene,
whose death occurred in 1S77. His successor was
Rev. S. A. Tai t. !&gt;.!&gt;. : and his resignation occurring
in 1S7S, Uev. I , (iregorv. D.I)., entered upon the
presidency in January, 1S7 J. Since its organiza
tion, ( ,)5() students have been in attendance : 38 have
graduated ; ami in 1880 the number of students was
Si. The college is beautifully situated, centrally
for the State. at Vacaville. Solano County, mid
way between San Francisco and Sacramento. The
locality is one of the healthiest in California.

Callaghan, George, Esq., was bom in Scotland,
Ian. 2 ,). 1S27. His parents emigrated to this
country in 1S2!&gt;. He was baptized at West Chester,
Pa., by Key. Alfred Taylor, March f&gt;, 1S4"), and was
subsequently a member of the churches at Inland,
First West Philadelphia,, and Angora, Philadelphia.
He is extensively engaged in the manufacture of
cotton goods at the last place, and he has for many
years been connected with various educational and
missionary boards. The church at Angora was or
ganized and has been sustained chiefly through the
labors and benefactions of himself and his brother.
Robert J. Callaghan. both of whom were among its
constituent members. These brothers are noted
for being among that class of wealthy Baptists who
prefer acting as their own executors of the riches
intrusted to their stewardship; hence their gifts to
denominational and other religious enterprises have
been frequent and generous. They live in the en
joyment of visible and blessed results.

Callaway, Rev. Enoch, a distinguished and

very useful minister of Georgia, was born in Wilkes
County, Sept. 14. 1T J2. lie was converted and
baptized in December, 1808, uniting with Sardis
church, at which he was ordained Xov. 7, 1823.
lie bee. ime the pastor of the following churches:
Sardis. Rehoboth, County Line. Heaver !&gt;am.
in Wilkes County, and of Hairdstown and Mill-
town churches, in Oglethorpe County, serving
some ol them as murh as twenty-live or thirty
years. lie died Sept. 12, Is.V.l. at the ane ofsixty-
seveii. of an afiliction which continued four years.
lie was never heard to murmur, so wonderful was
his patience. Death was not dreaded, but was wel
comed bv him. lie made the Bible his text-book,
and made its study his daily occupation. As a
pastor he was faithful, and as a minister he was
humble and unostentatious, out highly useful, from
his great earnestness and sincerity. 1 1 is preaching
was usually extemporaneous, combining the doc
trinal, practical, and experimental, but he excelled
in exhortation.

In building up and establishing the cause of
Christ in his field of labor few have accomplished
more. Decidedly missionary in principle and
practice, and a thorough Baptist in doctrine, he
left, his impress in these respects wherever he la
bored. Of his numerous offspring, numbering
now about 300, who art; living, it is said that,
without exception, they are all professed Christians
and Baptists.

Callaway, Rev. Joshua S., was born in Wilkes

Co.. (Ja.. May 30. 17SU. He was the son of .Joshua
and Isabella Callaway. He was converted when a
boy. and was baptized by Jesse Mercer. Sept. 23.
ISO ,). When in his twentieth year he moved to
.(ones County, in ISIS, and joined the San, is
church, by which he was called to ordination in
Is20. He preached ten years in Jones County with
great success, and then removed to Ilenrv County.
When the division in the denomination took place
he sustained mission views strongly, and under his
leadership the Flint River Association took decided
missionary grounds. He was moderator of that
Association for about fifteen years, after represent
ing it in the State Convention, by which body he
was highly respected. Mr. Callaway was a pleas
ant and persuasive speaker, with a winning ad
dress. He was strongly Calyinistic in faith, and
very clear and scriptural in his preaching. He
baptized many hundreds of converts during his
ministry. He possessed a strong will, indomitable
perseverance, and unflinching integrity, and to the
day of his death maintained an unblemished repu
tation. He died at Jonesborough in the year IS 54.
Callaway, Rev. Pitt Milner, son of Rev.

Joshua S. Callaway, was born in Wilkes Co.. Ga.,
Oct. 10. 1812. Settled in Macon Co.. Ala., in 1S38.
On a visit to Georgia in 1844 he united with the

CALL A WA Y

177

CAMPBELL

church of which his father was pastor. For some
years after this he resided in the city of Eufaula,
where lie faithfully served as deacon, he and Gov.
John Gill Ilorter having been ordained at the same
time and serving together, lie was ordained to
the ministry at Mount /ion church in Macon
County in 1857, Revs. S. Henderson, E. Y. Von
Hoose, and F. M. Moss funning the Preshytery.
lie has delivered on an average two sermons a
week, and baptized manv hundreds, lie has Ifr-en
pastor of a number of the most influential churches
in Southeast Alabama. Was the prime mover in
the origination and historv of the late General
Association of that part of the State. For eighteen
years now he has resided at Newton. Dale County.
Callaway, Rev. Wm. A., was born in Wilkes
Co.. Ga.. about 1S04. of pious Baptist parents. lie
grew up to manhood and married before his con
version. He-was ordained in IK). ! at McDonough,
and soon made his influence felt in all the region
around bv his zeal. He would en^a^e in pro-
traeted meetings day and night for weeks and
months in succession, seeming to feel no weari
ness; in truth, he was. both by gifts and tempera
ment, admirablv suited for a revival preacher. He
assisted in organizing the Central Association, and
in the great revivals that occurred in his day he
was the modest yet able coadjutor of such men as
Sherwood. Dawson, and Campbell. Tall and rather
slender in person, he had a benign expression, an
easy and natural elocution, and he was a sweet
singer. In protracted meetings he often became
the soul of the meeting, enchaining attention and
going right home to the consciences of the impeni
tent by the simplicity, fervency, and tenderness of
his address. His pulpit abilities were good; his
manner ordinarily was grave and decorous. He
died in June, IS6.~&gt;. and left two able sons in the
ministry. ). M. Callawav and S. P. Callawav.

Callender, Rev. Elisha, son of Ellis Callender,

who for about thirtv years was the principal
speaker in the First Baptist church in Boston, was
born in Boston in IfiSO. He was a trraduate of
Harvard College in the class of 1710. and became
a member of the church Aug. 10. ITl. i. About
five years later. May 21, 171S, he was ordained, and ;
became the pastor of the church with which his
honored father had so long been connected. Al
though not very vigorous in health Mr. Callender
performed a large amount of ministerial labor,
preaching in different sections of the Common- :
wealth where his services were in demand. Spirit
ual prosperity attended his ministry with his own
church, scarcely a month passing without some
additions being made to it. While in the midst of
his great usefulness he was cut down by death, the
event occurring March 31. 1738, in the twentieth
year of his ministry. He was the first native Bap

tist minister in this country who had received a
collegiate education. He published a "Century
Sermon in the year 172;). commemorative of the
landing of the Pilgrim Fathers.

Callender, Rev. John, was born in Boston in
1706, and was the nephew of Rev. Eli.-dia Callei -
der. In early youth he evinced unusual intellec
tual ability, and it was deemed best bv his friends
that he should have a liberal education. His pre
paratory studies having been completed he entered
Harvard College, where he availed himself for his
pecuniary support of the Hollis foundation. He
was graduated in the class of 1723. A few years
after his graduation he was ordained as co-pastor.
in Newport, II. I., with .Rev. William IVckham.
succeeding in this relation that infted voun-

* " *J ?

preacher. Rev. John Comer. His ordination took
place Oct. 13. 1731. Few Baptist ministers of his
times were better educated than Mr. Callender.
lie was held in high respect in the communitv in
which he lived, which at that time was amonjf
the most cultivated in Xew England. His best-
known work as an author is a "Historical 1&gt;U-
course on the Civil and Religions Affairs of the
Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plan
tation from the First Settlement in 1C&gt;3S to the
Knd of the First Century." An edition of this
valuable discourse was prepared with great care
by Rev. Romeo I d ton, D.D.. and forms one of the
volumes of the Rhode Island Historical Society s
collections. It is regarded as standard authority
in the matters of which it treats. Mr. Callender
collected also many papers, which Rev. Mr. Backus
found to be of great service to him in the prepara
tion of his history of the Baptists. Mr. &lt; al lender
died Jan. 20. 1748.

Campbell, Rev. Abner B., eldest M&gt;U of Rev.

J. II. Campbell, and a native of Georgia, is a man
of great ability, sincere piety, and exceeding pru
dence. As a preacher he ranks high ; a graduate
of Mercer University ; he has had charge of several
churches in dim-rent parts of the State, and now
in the prime of life he is the beloved pastor of the
Columbus church. He is a trustee of Mercer
University.

Campbell, Rev. Charles D., son of Rev. J. II.

Campbell, the able pastor of the Baptist church at
Athens. Ga., was educated at Mercer University.
lie is a preacher of more than ordinary power, and
a man of decided intellectual ability. He has been
engaged in the ministry in Florida and Southern
Georgia for quite a number of years, and was
called from the charge of the church at Quitman
to his present field of labor.

Campbell, Duncan R., LL.D., was born in

Perthshire, Scotland, Aug. 14. 1814. He was edu
cated for the Presbyterian ministry, and in this
relation entered the pastorate at Nottingham, Eng-

(. .IMI ISKLL

land, and subsequently became ;i missionary in

London. He emigrated to the United States in
Mav. 1X4:2. and soon after his arrival at Richmond,
Va.. sought membership in the First Baptist chuivh
of tliat citv. and was baptised by R"v. I); , -Jeter.
In the fall of IS42 he accepted the pastorate of
Leigh Street church in Richmond, and in 1^4"),
being in poor health, he removed to Kentucky, and
accepted the pastorate of the church at (leor^e-
town. where he labored witli great success four
years. lie was then electetl Professor of Hebrew
and Biblical Literature in the theological seminary
at ( ovington. Kv. In \X~) 2 lie was elected presi-
dent of Georgetown College, filling the position
with grait ability until his death at ( ovington. Ky.,
A ni:-. Hi. ISCi.").

Campbell, Rev. E. A., an efficient minister, who
long labored in the Red River Vallev. La., was born
in North Carolina in ISIS, and was brought up in
Hast Baton Rouge Parish. La. He settled west of
Red River in 1845, and labored efficiently in this
part of the State until his death, in 1X57.

Campbell, Rev. Israel S., is about fifty years
of a&lt;j;e : was born in Kentucky during the days of
slavery ; is nearly white in complexion, and presents
the appearance of a well-bred gentleman. His stvle
of speech is so generally correct that, were von not
looking at him. yon would suppose that a well-
educated white man was speaking. By hard work
he has been enabled to obtain an education sufficient
to make him very useful among the colored people.
Tie was licensed to preach in the State of Tennessee,
and ordained in British Xorth America in ISoS.
He has ministered successfully to the following
churches: Friendship. Franklin Co., Tcnn. ; Sand
wich. Little River. Buckstonc. Chatham. Windsor,
all of Ontario ; Sandusky. Cleveland. O. : Baton
Rouge,* iros Tete. La. : Houston, Hearne. Columbus,
and Galveston, Texas. He has been pastor of the
Galveston church thirteen years. He has been
moderator of Associations in Michigan, Louisiana,
and Texas, and in the latter State of one Association
for twelve years. He was president of the Freed-
man s Baptist State Convention two years. Tie has
acted as a general missionary for Texas -while pas
tor at (ialveston. He has baptized as many as .)()
at one time, and 1 100 persons in all.

Israel S. Campbell stands Well among all classes
of citl/.ens in Galveston. and he has been occasion
ally spoken of as a candidate for Congress, when
any one of his race has been considered as suitable
for a representative. He has fortunately escaped
from the entanglements of political life.

Campbell, J. H., D.D., was born in Mclntosh
Co.. Ga.. on the 10th of February, 1X07. His father,
of the same name, could trace his lineage in a
direct line to the Scottish clan of Campbell. His
mother s name was Denham. and her parents. John

Denham and Sarah Clancy, came to this country
as emigrants in the same ship with ( ien. Oglethorpe,
in \~i - &gt; .\. He was educated in early life at Snnbury,
Liberty County, under the tuition of Rev. .James
Shannon, a teacher of distinguished excellence.
Kntering the State University at Athens, he spent
part of a year there, being recalled home by the
death of his father to take charge of the estate and
protect his two orphan sisters. Converted in his six
teenth year, he was baptized, joined the church,
and soon began to preach. He immediately ex
hibited remarkable powers as a preacher, and was
designated the boy preacher." In his twenty-
second year, after the marriage of his sisters, he
repaired to Katonton. (la., and remained for two
years in the theological school taught by Rev. Adiel
Sherwood, pastor of the Katonton Baptist church.
He was ordained in 181)0, by a Presbytery consist
ing of C. O. Screven. S. S. Law. -I. II. Dunham, and
Luther Rice. His first pastorate was at Macon.
(la., in !S. )1 ; then he served at various times during
a loiiL r . laborious, and verv useful life the churches
at Clinton. McDonough, Richland. Twiggs County,
Lumpkin, Griffin, and Perry, among others. All
through life he devoted himself entirely to the duties
of his sacred calling, never turning aside to engage
in ain" secular occupation, and through his instru
mentality thousands have been brought into the
kingdom of -Jesus. For five years he was the very
successful agent for foreign missions in Georgia,
after which he entered upon the work of an evan
gelist for the State at large, in which lie was also
eminently successful. While thus engaged the late
war commenced, when he became a voluntary mis
sionary in the army, in which useful work he per
severed until the conflict ended. His labors were
sanctified to the salvation of hundreds, if not of
thousands.

Mr. Campbell has been a willing and active fel
low-laborer with the most prominent Baptists of
Georgia for the last half-century, participating
actively in all their educational and benevolent
schemes and enterprise s. For more than thirty
years he acted upon the board of trustees for Mer
cer University; was instrumental in founding col
leges for young ladies at Lumpkin and Cuthbert,
and in establishing the Georgia Deaf and Dumb
Institution at Cave Spring.

Perhaps no man of modern times has been more
devoted to the work of preaching Christ and him
crucified, and few have been more successful in
building up bis kingdom. As a revival preacher
he is very powerful, his style being ardent, earnest,
pathetic, and eloquent. He is a man of great
firmness of will, never abandoning an object when
convinced of its propriety and importance. His
chief literary work is "Georgia Baptists Histori
cal and Biographical." an exceedingly valuable

CAMPBELL

179

( AXAI)IAX

book, in which is gathered much information which
otherwise would have been lost. Two of his sons
are now ministers of the gospel, occupying promi
nent pastorates in the State.

Mr. Campbell s life lias been no failure. Side by
side with the wisest and best of the denomination
he has labored faithfully and efficiently to build up
the Baptist interests of Georgia and promote the
honor of Jesus.

Campbell, Hen. John Price, Jr., son of John
Price Campbell, was horn in Christian Co., Ivy.,
Dec. 8, 1820. lie was educated for the law. and
practiced the profession for nine years at Lexing
ton. Mo., serving two terms in the Legislature of
that State : removing to his native State, was
elected to Commas in isf&gt;f&gt;. At the close of his
term he declined re-election and retired to private,
life on his farm in Christian County, where lie has
since remained.

Campbell, Rev. William J., was born in ixii&gt;.
and was. until he readied manhood, the servant of
Mr. Piuilding. As the body-servant of his master
he traveled extensively, and gathered general in
formation, which was valuable to him as a preacher
and pastor, lie was baptized by Andrew Marshall,
and became a member of the First Colored Baptist
church in Savannah ; was elected a deacon, and in
a few years after this was licensed to preach. An
drew Marshall took a great interest in him. and
when he left home on a collecting mission in the
North. A\ m. J. Campbell was placed in charge of
the church. Andrew Marshall never returned,
having died in Virginia. Win. .J. Campbell be
came pastor about the year 18;"&gt;(&gt;. He entered with
energy upon the work of completing the brick
building on Franklin Square. He secured means
for this purpose at home and abroad. It was fin
ished and opened for worship during the war, and
the dedication sermon was delivered by Rev. S.
Landrum. It is a very neat and large church edi
fice. Mr. Campbell regarded its dedication to God
as sacred. At the clo*e of the war, when other
colored churches were opened for political purposes,
this was kept closed against all such assemblies.
The church became very large. A few years a^o
a difficulty arose, which resulted in the pastor and
deacons, with TOO members, retiring from the build
ing, but claiming still to be the church. After this
Mr. Campbell and his friends worshiped in a hall
of the Beech Institute.

Mr. Campbell was fully African, quite black,
about five feet eight inches high. lie died on the
H)th of October. 1880, aged sixty-eight. He left a
wife, but no children. His funeral was attended
by twelve or fifteen hundred people from the First
Bryan Baptist church. Rev. U. L. Houston pastor.

He had the respect of the people of Savannah,
and especially of the white population. The pas

torates of Andrew Brvan, Andrew Marshall, and
Win. J. Campbell over the same church, virtually,
extended from 177") to 1880. a period of 105 years.

Canadian Literary Institute. A few friends

of ministerial education in Canada, not whollv dis
couraged by the failure to establish a permanent
institution at Montreal (see article MONTREAL Coi,-
LI-:GK). resolved, in the autumn of 1S;"&gt;0. to make
another experiment, which, while having special
reference to the training of young men for the min
istry, should also look to the general education of
the young of either sex. Liberal oilers wen; made
by three places Fonthill, Brantford, and Wood
stock to induce the friends of the enterprise to lo
cate the institute in these towns. Woodstock was
selected, responsible parties having pledged $16,000
to be given to the institute. In due time Rev. Dr.
R. A. Fyfe was called to take charge of the institu
tion, and the school was opened July 4, 181)0. and
its prospects looked hopeful. These prospects were
apparently blighted bv a tire, which, on the 8th
of January, consumed the institute; building. A
largo number of students had just come to Wood
stock, after a vacation, to commence work in their
respective classes, and. in spite of the great misfor
tune which had befallen the school, it was decided
to go on. A deep interest was awakened among
the Canadian Baptists in consequence of the disas
ter referred to. and what at first seemed a great
calamity turned out to be a rich blessing. In a few
weeks S2 1.000 were pledged towards the erection
of a new building, larger and better than the one;
that had been burned. But there are other and
more pressing wants of a youn^ struggling seat
of learning besides proper buildings. One bv &lt; ne
these have been met. and successful work done in
both the literarv and the theological departments.
The statistics which we are able to give of what
the institute has accomplished since it. was opened
in iSfiO show that hundreds have been the
recipients of its advantage s, many of whom have
entered the ministry; (&gt;1 have graduated from the
theological department : 40 have settled as pastors
who were unable to take a full course- of study. A
large number of persons, both male and female,
who have enjoyed the benefits of the courses of
study which the institute has furnished, are in the dif
ferent professions and callings of life, owing to it a
debt of gratitude which they cannot easily repay.
The school has now reached a period to which all
similar seminaries of learning sooner or later come,
when its future usefulness, and existence even, de
pend on the solution. of the question of endowment.
The late lamented president, Dr. Fyfe. asked that at
least Si JO.OOO should be raised for such an endow
ment. The question of the removal of the theolog
ical department to Toronto has been discussed.
Should the funds necessary to plae/ % both the lit-

ISO

CA XX K

erarv and tlio theological departments on a linn
foundation IK secured, tlie proposed plan may be

carried out. Since the above was written it lias
been decided that a theological seminary shall be
erected near Toronto, the site and buildings of which
will cost. S7"&gt;.000, and a generous member of the
.Jarvis Street church of Toronto, whose liberality
is known throughout Canada, has agreed to defray
the entire expense of the ground and structure.

Candee, John Button, editor of the Bridgeport
Ji&lt;-/ni/&gt;/if/i/i Xlanddrd, Conn., son of Benjamin and
Almira C. (Ihuton) Candee, was born in Pompey,
X. V.. -lir.ie \ l, ISI .I. His ancestors were among
the earliest settlers of New Kngland ; his parents
were natives of Oxford, Conn.; the Candees were
of llniiuenot blood and the Duttons of English ex
traction. At the age of nine, soon after the death
of his father, he became a farm-boy: afterwards
serving in a printing-office; was fitted lor college
in Hamilton. N. V. : passed two years at Madison
University: entered Yale College, and graduated
in 1&gt;47. lie studied law. and practiced the legal
profession for about twelve years: in lSii:5 he
be^ati his career as an editor, and has continued as
such until the present time (ISSO); was bapti /.ed
in .Mav. I S3;}, by Rev. Uollin H.Xeale. \l\l. in
X ew Haven. Conn.: always interested in Sunday-
schools; lias been prominently connected with the
religious interests of ( onnecticut : was clerk of the
State Legislature; served for years as prosecuting
officer of X ew Haven, two years as city attorney,
and one year as city councilman ; three years as
common councilman of Bridgeport, Conn. lie is
known bv his graceful pen. decided views, strong
principles, and purity of life. .His able conduct of
the daily and weekly Standard, of Bridgeport,
Conn., as editor and publisher, has given him a
worthy historical niche.

Canne, Rev. John. Mr. Canne was a native
of Kngland. He was born about 1590. For some
time lie ministered to a church in the Episcopal
establishment of his native country, and for many
years he was pastor of "The Ancient Knglisli
Church" of Amsterdam, in Holland. In Amster
dam he carried on the business of a printer and
bookseller, though it is certain that be could have
given little, if any. personal attention to these pur
suits, when we consider his zeal and journeys to
preach the gospel and found churches, and his
very numerous writings.

In 1(KJ4 lit; published in Amsterdam "The Ne
cessity of Separation." a work which was widely
circulated in Kngland. and which produced very
important results. The object of the book was to
show the Puritans in the English Church that they
were bound to forsake her ceremonies, her bishops,
and her comfortable livings and found pure churches
&lt;&gt;( their own. The Boston Puritans were angry

with Roger Williams for holding the same doc
trine. One of the most successful efforts of Mr.
Canne s life resulted from a visit he paid to Bristol
in 1()41. At that time there was a clergyman in
Bristol named llaz/.ard. rector of one of the city
churches, a Puritan. .Mrs. Dorothy Max/ard, his
wife, was a lady of great faith and of firm resolu
tion. When Bristol was besieged, as the rumor
spread that some of the enemv had penetrated
within the lines of its defenders. " she and other
women, with the help of some men. stopped up
Froome gate with woolsacks and earth to keep the
enemy from entering the city ; and when the women
had done this they went to the gunners and told
them that if they would stand out and fight they
would stand by them, and they should not want
for provisions." Mrs. lla/./.ard. ( loodman Atkins.
Goodman Cole. Ilichard Moone. and Mr. Bacon
had formed a separate meeting in 1040. in Mrs.
Hazzard s house, to worship the Lord according to
the requirements of his Holy \\ord. The meet
ing, however, was not intended to be a church, and
in all probability would have perished, like thou
sands of similar unions for social worship, had not
John Canne visited Bristol in \t\4\. "This \&gt;&lt;ip-
lizc.d, man." as he is called, or Baptist, "was very
eminent in his day for godliness and for reforma
tion in religion, having great understanding in the
way of the Lord." Mrs. Haz/ard having heard
of his arrival, brought him from the hotel to her
residence, and he instructed the little meeting in
the way of the Lord more perfectly, and constituted
them into a church of Christ, and he showed them
the difference between a true and a false church,
and when he left them he gave them books to con
firm and establish them in church order and gospel
purity. Broadmead church. Bristol, thus ushered
into life, is a flourishing community at this day.
and its record for usefulness is behind few churches
of any denomination in the Old World.

Edward Ten-ill, baptized seventeen years after
John Canne formed the church, at his death, left
a valuable bequest to educate young men for the
Baptist ministry. His enlightened liberality led
to the establishment of Bristol College, and indi
rectly of our other British colleges.

The greatest work of John Canne s laborious
and useful life was his marginal references to
the Bible. It was published at Amsterdam about
1037. It was the first English Bible that had mar
ginal references throughout. This effort of Canne
has been a blessing of the greatest magnitude to
the readers of the English Bible ever since, and,
like the "Pilgrim s Progress," it justly purchased
for Mr. Canne an immortality of fame. The labor
expended upon it was immense. Before the writer
lies a copy of the Edinburgh edition of 1747, with
Canne s preface, in which he states: "It is said

CAPERTON

181

of Jacob that lie ser\ r ed seven years for Rachel,
and it seemed but a few days for the love he had
for her. I can truly speak it ; I have served the :
Lord in this work more than thrice seven years,
and the time hath not seemed long, neither hath
the work been any way a burden to me for the love
I have had for it."

One reason which he gives for the preparation
of his work is, " Some people will be more willing
and forward to read and search the Scriptures,
having by them a guide and help, as when they
meet with any place that is dark, and they under
stand it not. than by direction to some other text
of Scripture immediately to bo informed and satis
fied, without looking into commentaries, which it
may be they have not. A Scripture interpreter
will encourage men to exercise themselves in the
meditation and study of the Scriptures, as when a
man hath a light carried before him he goeth more
cheerfully than if he were in the dark and groped
for his way. Bv this means not only the knowledge
of God and his truth will grow and increase, but
the Scriptures will be unto people more familiar
and mure their own (as I may say) than they
were before." His leading principle is that "the
Scripture is the best interpreter of the Scripture."
Mr. Canne was governed by the Baptist maxim
that the Bible is everything in religion, and as a
result of this that the Scripture should lie studied
by every human being. To his eighteen published
works, Oanne intended to add " an edition of the
Bible in a large and fair character, with large an
notations." a work upon which he had spent many
years, a commentary ; but lie did not live to see
it completed.

He was frequently persecuted, very much loved,
and widely useful. He died in 1667.

Caperton, Alexander Cotton, D.D., was bom

in Jackson Co., Ala., Felt. 4. 1831. His early child
hood was spent on a farm in Mississippi, whither
his parents had removed. He received the rudi-
rnent.s of an education in the common schools of his
neighborhood, and afterwards taught school to pro
cure the means for entering Mississippi College,
where he graduated in 1856. He then went to
Rochester, N. Y., and in 1858 graduated in the
theological seminary at that place. He returned
home and accepted a professorship in Mississippi
College. During the civil war he engaged in farm
ing as a means of support for his family, but did
nut desist from preaching. At the close of the war
he was chosen pastor of a church in Memphis, and
was subsequently stationed at Mayfield, Ky., and
Evansville, Ind. In 1S71 he became co-editor, and
soon after sole editor and proprietor of the Western
Recorder, a leading Baptist weekly paper, pub
lished at Louisville. Ky. lie is also editor and
proprietor of the American Jiaptist, a paper pub

lished at Louisville for the colored people, and has
established a book and publishing house in Louis
ville. In addition to these labors. Dr. Caperton
preached several hundred times a year, and is an
active member of the missionary and Sunday-school
boards of his denomination in Kenttu-kv.

Capwell, Albert B., Esq., a well-known lawyer
and prominent Baptist layman of Brooklyn, N. Y.,
was born in Middlebury. N. Y.. in ISIS, and died
in Brooklyn, Aug. 123. 1SSO. He was graduated
from Y ale College in 1S42. He studied law at the
Harvard Law School, and commenced practice in
Xew York in 1S45. He devoted himself to civil
cases, especially to those involving life insurance
and real estate titles. lie was a prominent member
of Strong Place Baptist church, and one of its
founders ; served as a deacon for many years, and
was an active worker in the Sunday-school, lie
was president of the board of trustees of the Bap
tist. Home for the Aired in Brooklyn, and also of the
Baptist Social Union. He has been elected on
several occasions moderator of the Long Island
Baptist Association. He was also president of the
board of trustees of the Rochester Theological Semi
lie was identified with many of the great

benevolent enterprises of the Baptists, and philan
thropic institutions of the country.

Carey, Rev. George Montgomery W., A.M.,

was born in Belfast, Ireland, March 10, IS 20. and
trained at the Moravian School, Grace Hill, near

REV. UKORUE MONTGOM KKV \V. CAHEV, A.M.

Belfast; converted in Glengarry County, Canada,
and baptized at Breadalbane, in the same county,
July, 1847 ; graduated from Rochester University

July. IS ) 6; ordained at St. Catharines. Ontario,
soon after: graduated from Rochester Theological
Scminarv, 1S")S. and continued at St. Catherines;
became in lS(&gt;f&gt; pastor of German Street Baptist
church. St. John, New Brunswick, and still con
tinues in the oflice with threat acceptance and use
fulness. Mr. Carey is very popular in the pulpit
and on the platform.

Carey, William, D.D., was born in I urey,
Northamptonshire, England, Aug. 17. I7ol. In
his bovhood he was an extreme Episcopalian, re
garding dissenters with sovereign contempt. His
father and grandfather officiated as clerks in the
Episcopal Church, and young Carey from childhood

U" I U.I AM CAREY, 1).D.

loved the house in which they held this humble
position.

Mr. Carey was baptized by Dr. Ryland, Oct. "&gt;.
1783. in the river Nen, just above Dr. Doddridge s
church, Northampton. For three years and a
half he preached to a little community in Bos
ton, walking six miles each way to render the
service.

He was ordained pastor of the church of Moulton
Aug. J, 17X7 ; the sermon on the occasion was
preached by tin; Rev. Andrew Fuller. His salary
at Moulton wns just $75 a year, and when he en
tered upon his labors in that field he had a wife
and two children to support.

Mr. Carey had probably the greatest facility for
acquiring foreign languages ever possessed by any
human being. At any rate, no one ever possessed
a larger measure of this extraordinary talent. In
seven vears he learned Latin, (jreek, Hebrew,

French, and I hitch, and in acquiring these lan
guages lie had scarcely any assistance.

In reading the voyages of the celebrated Captain
Cook lie first had his attention directed to the
heathen world, and especially to its doomed con
dition ; the topic soon filled his mind and engrossed
his heart. And though the subject was besc t by
innumerable and apparently insurmountable dilli-
culties, and though the work was novel to him and
to everv one of his friends, yet he felt impelled by
an unseen power to go and preach the gospel to the
heathen. His first selected field of labor was Tahiti.

lie issued a pamphlet entitled " An Inquiry into
the Obligation of Christians to I &gt;e Means for the
Conversion of the Heathen." This publication
made a deep impression upon Mr. Carey s friends,
and it had an extensive influence in turning their
minds and hearts to the idolaters of distant lands.
Mr. Carey became pastor of the church in Leices
ter in I7SU, and there he labored with untiring
faithfulness among his flock, and formed plans
with unquenchable y.eal for the salvation of the
heathen. From this church he went forth to India
to give (Jod s Word to its vast population.

At the meeting of his Association, wliich was
held at Nottingham. May 30. \~i ( .l 2, he [(reached on
Isaiah liv. 2, 3, announcing the two memorable
divisions of his discourse: "Expect great things
from (!od: attempt great things for Cod." The
sermon stirred up the hearts of his hearers as they
had never been before; every one felt the guilt of
keeping the gospel from perishing myriads, ami
the need of making an effort to win his ignorant
enemies to their Master. At Kettering. the church
of Andrew Fuller, the Baptist Missionary Society
was organized Oct. 2, 171)2. The society was for
mally instituted in the house of the widow &lt;,f Deacon
Beeby \Vallis. The little parlor which witnessed
the birth of this society was the mos, honored
room in the British Islands, or in any part of
Christendom ; in it was formed the first society of
modern times for spreading the gospel among the
heathen, the parent of all the great Protestant
missionary societies in existence.

The British East India Company had the gov
ernment of India at this period. No white man
could settle in that country without their permis
sion, nor remain in it longer than they pleased.
No ship could trade with it except one of their
vessels. The Company was intensely hostile to
missionaries, and to please the people of India
they were ready to show the greatest respect for
their gods. In 1801 a deputation from the govern
ment went in procession to the Kalee ghaut, the
most opulent and popular shrine of the metropolis,
and presented 500U rupees to the idol in the name
of the Company for the success which had attended
the British arms.

183

A Baptist surgeon in India, named Thomas, had
preached Christ occasionally to the natives, and in
17 J3 lie was in England to secure sonic fcl low-
worker to go back with him to that dark land.
Carey and he were appointed missionaries by the
new society. They engaged passage on the "Earl
of Oxford" to sail for the East, and they went on
board to leave their native land : but Mr. Carey had
no license to go to India from the Companv, and
both the missionaries were put ashore: Carev was
greatly distressed by this unexpected blow, and felt
as if his hopes were permanently crushed, but soon
the Danish East Indiaman. the " Kron Princessa
Maria." was found, and in her they sailed June 13,
17 Jo. The voyage was a prosperous one, and the
missionaries landed in health. For a few years
Mr. Carey had charge of an indigo-factory, from
which he received 240 per annum : and at the
same time he labored unobtrusively as a missionary,
fie could not stay in British India as an avowed
missionary, and when, on their landing in Cal
cutta. Marshman and Ward were ordered back to
England, because the captain of their vessel re
turned them to the authorities as missionaries,
Carey determined to make his abode at Serampore
for the future, and to take Marshman and Ward
with him. where they could stay in defiance of the
British East India Companv. Serampore was a
Danish settlement on the river lloogly, 15 miles
from Calcutta. The kings of Denmark had sent
out missionaries to convert the natives, and their
government was in hearty sympathy with missions.
Col. Bie, the representative of the Danish sovereign
at Serampore, received Carey and his brethren with
generous hospitality, and he protected them for
years against the powerful governors of British
India. The providence of God evidently kept this
little spot under the rule of Denmark as a refuge
for the missionaries until the pious people of (ireat
Britain should abolish the heathenish law which
excluded missionaries from India. Even the king
of Denmark himself, as he learned from the gover
nor of Serampore the character and worth of the
missionaries, became their firm friend. In 1S21,
Frederick VI.. king of Denmark, sent the mission
aries a gold medal, as an express on of his appre
ciation of their labors, and endowed the college;
which they had founded with the rent of a house
worth about Sf&gt;UOO. And when in IS4"&gt; the suc
cessor of Frederick ceded the Seramp ire settlement
to the British government, he had an article inserted
in the treaty confirming the Danish charter of the
Serampore Baptist College.

At Serampore the missionaries set up printing-
presses and a large boarding-school, and in process
of time founded a college. They preached inces
santly, and Carey particularly studied the languages,
of the country with a measure of success never

equaled before or since by any other settler in In
dia, lie soon became the most learned man in the
country. When Lord Wellesley founded the Col
lege of Fort William, in Calcutta, in ISO], to teach
the language of Bengal to young Englishmen in
the civil service of the Companv in India, Dr. Carey
was the only man in the East or in (ireat Britain
qualified to teach that language correctly, and he
received and accepted the appointment of professor
in Fort William. In December, 1S29, an act, for
which he had long labored, was passed by the
Council in India, abolishing the practice of burning
widows with the bodies of their dead husbands. It
was determined to publish the English and Bengali
copies of the act simultaneously, and Dr. Carey was
selected to make the version for the people of Ben
gal. Every day cost the lives of two widows, and
instead of going into the pulpit on the morning of
the Lord s day. when he received the order from
Henry Shakespear, the secretary of the irovern-
inent, lie commenced his translation, and completed
it before night, and that glorious act of Lord "Wil
liam Bentinck. so dear to William Carey s heart,
went forth to the nations of India in the polished
Bengali of the great Baptist missionary.

Carey was the author of a. Mahratta grammar,
and of a Sanscrit grammar, extending over more
than a thousand quarto pages, a Punjabi grammar,
a Telinga grammar, and of a Mahratta dictionary,
a Bengali dictionary, a Bhotanta dictionary, and a
Sanscrit dictionary, the manuscript of which was
burned before; it was printed. He was also the
author of several other secular works.

"The versions of the Sacred Scriptures, in the
preparation of which he took an active and labori
ous part, include the Sanscrit. Hindu, Brijbbhassa,
Mahratta, Bengali, Oriya, Telinga, Karnata. Mal-
divian, Gurajattee. Bulooshe. Pushtoo, Punjabi,
Kashmeer. Assam. Burman. Pali, or Magudha, Ta-
mul, Cingalese. Armenian. Malay, Hindostani. and
Persian. In six of these tongues the whole Scrip
tures have been translated and circulated : the New
Testament has appeared in !?, lanuuau es, besides
various dialects in which smaller portions of the
sacred text have been printed. In thirty years
Carey and his brethren rendered the Word of God
accessible to one-third of the world." And even
this is not all : before Carey s death 212,000 copies
of the Scriptures were issued from Serampore in
40 different languages, the tongues of 3; J &gt;0,0()0,()00
of the human family. Dr. Carey was the greatest
tool-maker for missionaries that ever labored for
(iod. His versions are used to-day by all denomi
nations of Christians throughout India.

Most of his income was given away in Bible
distribution. The missionaries at Serampore placed
their gains in a common fund, from which they drew
a scanty support; Marshman s successful school

CAUKY

184

CARPENTER

and Carey s professorship furnished a large sur
plus for the printing and circulation of tlie Scrip
tures. Carey, Marshman, and Ward gave during
their stay in India nearly 400,000 to the spread
of revealed li^ht in that country cursed by miser
able gods.

The first Hindoo convert baptized by Dr. Carey
in India was the celebrated Krishna Pal. Dr.
Carey founded churches and mission stations in
many parts of India, and planted seed from which
he gathered precious harvests, and from which his
successors have reaped abundantly.

A visitor in 1821 describes Dr. Carey as short in
stature, with white hair, and a countenance equally
bland and benevolent in feature and expression.

lie had three wives, one of whom reluctantly ac
companied him from his native land, and the second
and third he married in India.

The last sickness of Dr. Carey found him with
perfect peace of mind ; lie was ready and anxious
to go to his blessed Saviour. Lady Bentinck, the
wife of the governor, frequently visited him, and
Bishop Wilson, of Calcutta, came and besought his
blessing. lie died June ( J, 1S34, in his seventy-
third year.

Dr. Carey had great decision of character. After
he had thoroughly weighed a subject his resolution
about it was taken, and nothing could make him
change the purpose he had formed. His persever
ance to accomplish a proper end knew no bounds ;
he would labor through discouragements for twenty
years or more to carry out a Christian purpose.
When lie had a clear conviction of duty he could
not disobey his conscience; to keep it without of
fense was one of the great aims of his life, lie
never doubted the help of God in his own time to
aid him in carrying out the plan of love which he
had formed. He carefully husbanded every mo
ment, and in that way he was able to perform more
labor than any man in Europe or Asia in his day.
He had as unselfish a heart as ever beat with love
to Jesus.

In denouncing contemptuous sneers poured on
Carey, Marshman, and Ward, the celebrated Dr.
Southey says, These low-born, low-bred me
chanics have done more to spread the knowledge
of the Scriptures among the heathen than has been
accomplished, or even attempted, by all the world
beside." In the British House of Commons the
celebrated William Wilberforce said of Dr. Carey,
lie had the genius as well as the benevolence to
devise the plan of a society for communicating
the blessings of Christian light to the natives of
India. To qualify himself for this truly noble en
terprise he had resolutely applied himself to the
study of the learned languages; and after making
considerable proficiency in them, applied himself
to several of the Oriental tongues, and more espe

cially to the Sanscrit, in which his proficiency is
acknowledged to be greater than that of Sir Wil
liam Jones, or any other European." At his death
resolutions expressive of admiration for the great
benevolence and vast learning of Dr. Carey were
passed by many societies in Europe and Asia.
Nor is there any doubt that had Carey been a
Catholic he would have been canonized immedi
ately after death, and held up as worthy of. more
exalted veneration than St. Francis Xavier him
self. The Protestant world, however, unites in
honoring him as the father of modern missions.

Carnahan, Rev. David Franklin, was born in

White IIa.ll, MontourCo., Pa., Sept. 10. 182:&gt;. He
graduated at Lcwisburg University. Aug. IX, lSf&gt;2,
and the same year. September 2S. he was ordained
as pastor of the Bridgeport church. Montgomery
Co., Pa. In 1X")0 he was settled as pastor of the
Calvary Baptist church in Philadelphia. In 1S.V.)
he was called to the pastorate of the First Baptist
church in /anesville. ( &gt;. He was subsequently
pastor at Dayton. (). : Burlington, Iowa: Aurora
(First church). Springfield. Urbana. Dixon. and
Streator, 111. He is now pastor of the Baptist
church in Appleton, Wis. He was corresponding
secretary and superintendent of missions of the
Ohio Baptist State Convention from 1850 to 1x01.
He was superintendent of missions of the General
Association of Illinois in 1X07-158, and agent of the
American and Foreign Bible Society in 1803. He
acted as financial agent of the Wayland Academy
for a brief period in 1878-79. During the war he
was major of the 78th Regiment Ohio Vol. In
fantry in 1801-02, and was present with his regi
ment at Fort Donelson. Pittsburg Landing, Cor-
rinth. and luka. lie served the Philadelphia As-
sociaton as clerk in 1855-f)0, and was recording
secretary of the Baptist State Convention of Penn
sylvania in 1850. Mr. Carnahan has been and is
still one of the most useful ministers in the Baptist
Church in the Northwest, and has never done a
more successful work in Ins fruitful ministry than
he is now doing in Appleton, Wis.

Carpenter, Rev. C. H., was born in 1835, and
was a graduate of Harvard University and the
Newton Theological Institution. He received his
appointment July 1. 1802, and sailed the follow
ing October for Burmah. On reaching Rangoon
the following May. Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter found
a home in the family of Dr. Binney. whose assist
ant he was to lie in the management of the theo-
loi^ical seminary. At once his warmest sympathies
were enlisted for the Karens, of whom he says,
"If there is a people anywhere eager to learn, it
is the Karens. They come down to Kemendine
sometimes hundreds of miles, on foot, not to make
money, but to study. I wish you could see Dr.
Binney s 02 bare-footed, bare-legged students of

CARPENTER

theology." Dr. Binney, under date of Oct. 24,
1863, wrote, "Mr. Carpenter has commenced to
give some instruction in arithmetic, and I think lie
is doing well. The main object of this early effort
is to get, as soon as possible, into communication
with the pupils, and then to feel his way along. It
is hard work, but it is to be hoped it will pay well."
A year from this date, he speaks in warm terms of
the success of his assistant arid wife, and of the
progress he had made in learning the language.
Dr. Binney having retired from the institution in
1865, Mr. Carpenter and Mr. Smith had the super
vision of its affairs. After the return of Dr. Binney,
near the close of 1866, Mr. Carpenter continued his
connection with him, Mr. Smith removing to Ilen-
thada. Mr. Carpenter remained in the department
of instruction in the theological seminary until
his transfer to Bassein, in December, 1868, to fill
the place made vacant by the death of Mr. Thomas.
His labors at this station were eminently successful,
until his failing health obliged him fora time to be
absent from his field, lie left for the United States
early in 1872. At the request of the Burmah Bap
tist Association, Mr. Carpenter on leaving Bassein
visited Siam, on a missionary exploring expedition.
He crossed the boundary between British Burmah
and Siam, at a point known as " Three Pagodas,"
and made his way to the residence of the Pwo
Karen, governor of the district of Plira-tlioo-wtiu.
lie was accompanied in this journey by several
native assistants. Together they visited 43 vil
lages. The households, which were in the valley
of one of the rivers which they passed through,
were believed to be more than 1000 in number, or
about 5000 persons. The estimate of the whole
number of Karens in the country which was
traversed made it not far from 50.000.

After remaining in this country for some time,
Mr. Carpenter returned to Burmah, under appoint
ment as president of the Rangoon Baptist College.
He was convinced that it would be better to remove
the college to Bassein, but his wishes in this respect
were overruled, and he was transferred to the Bas
sein station, to resume the work which had pre
viously occupied his thoughts and energies. The
report of the first twelve months work presents
many things to inspire hope and encouragement.
The number baptized was 282. In like manner,
the next twelve months were crowded with hard
work, and attended with some peculiar trials. lie
reports in the stations and out-stations under
his special charge 85 churches and 114 native
preachers, the number of church members bcim-;
6366. The work at Bassein has gone forward
under the direction of Mr. Carpenter with healthful
progress. The report of the Executive Committee,
presented in May last, speaks encouragingly of his
labors. If the life and health of Mr. Carpenter
13

are spared, his usefulness will increase from vcai
to year, and the Bassein, S gau, and Karen missions
will be among the most prosperous in Asia.
Carpenter, Rev. John M., was born Sept. 30,

1804, at Mechanicstown, Orange Co., N. Y. He was
converted and baptized when about twenty -. he was
licensed to preach in 1836, and was immediately
appointed by the board of the New Jersey Baptist
State Convention to labor at Schoolev s Mountain,
lie was ordained in 1837. Mr. Carpenter was
pastor for thirteen years at Jacobstown, A*. ]., and
has filled other important pastorates. As sec
retary of the Convention for seventeen years, and
in other services for the board, he has been very
useful. His thorough knowledge of the denomi
national statistics, and his memory of Baptist his
tory in New Jersey, make him the source of infor
mation for all who wish to obtain facts and figures
on those topics. Mr. Carpenter s library is rich in
associational minutes, pamphlets, and works per
taining to the Baptists. He is a logical thinker
and sermonizer, and an energetic preacher, lie
may be aptly called The living Baptist Cyclo
paedia of New Jersey."

Carpenter, Rev. Mark, was born at Guildford,
Vt., Sept. 23, 1S02. lie pursued his studies at
Amherst College, and at Union College, where he
graduated in the class of 1821). He studied the
ology at Newton, graduating in 1833. lie was or
dained at Milford, N. II., Feb. 12. 1834, where he
remained for six years. His next settlement was
at Keenc, N. II. He was the pastor of the Baptist
church in this place for five years, and then removed
to New London, N. II., remaining there four years,
and to Holyoke, Mass., where he was pastor ten
years. From Ilolyoke he went to Brattleborough,
Vt., in 1861, resigning his charge there in 1867.
His next settlements were in West Dummerston,
Vt., and South Windham, from which place he
removed to Townshend, Vt.

Carpenter, Prof. Stephen Hopkins, was born
Aug. 7, 1831, at Little Falls, Herkimer Co., N. Y.
He died at Geneva, N. Y.

Prof. Carpenter graduated from Rochester Uni
versity in 1852. In 1855 he received the degree of
A.M., and in 1872 that of LL.D. He was appointed
tutor in the Wisconsin State University in 1852.
He was elected in 186J) to the professorship of
Ancient Languages in St. Paul College at Palmyra,
Mo. In 1866 he was tendered the chair of Rhetoric
in the Wisconsin State University, which ho filled
Avith great ability until his death. He occupied
for a time the position of Superintendent of Public
Instruction of Wisconsin. lie was a diligent stu
dent, and his attainments were very extensive. He
wrote largely on educational and religious subjects,
and delivered frequent addresses on science and
literature. Ten or twelve of his addresses are pub-

C AH ROLL

1X0

CARSON

lished, and many articles of an educational and
religious character wore printed in the periodicals
of tlie denomination with which he was connected.
Although not an ordained minister, he preached
frequently for the church of which he was a mem
ber, with great ability. His sermons on the inspi
ration of the Scriptures are considered as among
the ablest ever published on that subject. A Ithough
occupying a conspicuous place among the educators
of the State, and eminent in his attainments in
science and literature, he will be longest remem
bered as the sincere Christian and loyal disciple of
the Lord Jesus Christ.

Carroll, Rev. B. H., pn^tur of the First Baptist
church. Waco, Texas, and associate editor of the

RKV. K. II. CARROLL.

Texas Baptist, was born December, 1843, in Car
roll Co., Miss. ; has been in Texas about twenty
years: served four years in the Confederate States
army-, was wounded in the battle of Mansfield,
La., 1804; was converted in the summer of 1805,
and ordained in 1800. He was educated at Baylor
University. Besides many published sermons and
addresses, he is the author of two pamphlets, " Com
munion from a Bible Standpoint," and " The Mod
ern Social Dance," which have attained a w y ide
circulation both in and out of Texas. lie has been
for years vice-president of the Baptist General
Association of Texas, and is the vice-president
from Texas on the Domestic Mission Board of the
Southern Baptist Convention.

He is one of the first preachers of his age in the
Baptist ministry of the Southern States.

Carroll, Rev. John Lemuel, was born in Du-

plin Co., N. C., Dec. 21, 1830. He made a profession
of religion at the early age of nine, and became a
member of the Beaver Dam church ; he was licensed
to preach by the same church, January, 1858;
was educated at Wake Forest College and at the
University of North Carolina, graduating at the
latter institution with distinction in 1803. Jle was
ordained in the college chapel May 12, 18(12, ami
was the pastor of several churches in his native
State. Mr. Carroll was also an instructor in Ox
ford Female College, and afterwards pastor of
the Oxford church. In 1809 he became agent for
St. John s College, Oxford, in which he was very
successful, after which IK; resided at Wake Forest
College, being at the time a trustee of the institu
tion and secretary of the board, and being also the
pastor of several churches. In March of 1.S71 he
was invited to the pastorate of the church in War-
renton, Va., in which field he is still laboring.
Few men excel Mr. Carroll in apt and vigorous
extemporaneous speaking in denominational meet
ings.

Carson, Alex., LL.D., of Tubbermore, County
Londonderry, Ireland, was born not far from
Cookstown, County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1770. The
family is of Scotch origin, arid probably came to
the north of Ireland in the time of James I., when
the people who have built Belfast and Derry, and
who now make linen for the world, first accepted
an Irish for their Scottish home. The region around
his birthplace has been desolated many times since
the Scotch settlement of Ulster by Irish rebellions
and massacres, and by popish treachery and cruelty.
Opposition to Rome burns more fiercely over that
locality than perhaps in any other section of Eu
rope.

Alexander Carson in early life was called into
sacred relations with the Redeemer, and from that
hour he became a decided Christian. At the Uni
versity of Glasgow he was proverbial for his dili
gence, and for the thoroughness with which he
pursued his studies. And though in his class there
were young men of brilliant talents, who attained
distinguished positions in subsequent life in Scot
land, Mr. Carson graduated with the first honor.

lie was settled when a very young man as min
ister of the Presbyterian church of Tubbermore.
The place had a population of perhaps 500, and it
was surrounded by a large population of Scotch-
Irish fanners. Very early in his ministry Mr.
Carson was led to see that the Congregational was
the Scripture form of church government, and that
believers immersion was the baptism of the New
Testament. When this change of conviction oc
curred Mr. Carson was placed in a situation of
great embarrassment. He was receiving 100 per
annum from the British government, under the
name of llegium Donum, in common with all other

187

CARSON

Presbyterian ministers of that day. His church
gave him probably about 40 a year. This Reg him
Donum had demoralized the benevolent efforts of
the Ulster Presbyterians so completely that if Mr.
Carson s entire congregation had become Baptists
he could not expect even a moderate support from
their unaided liberality. And he well knew that
his people were stern men, with all the steady at
tachment to principle which marked their Scottish
fathers in times of fierce persecution. There was
no Baptist missionary society for Ireland at that
period, and the young minister had absolutely
nothing to trust for his support except the naked
providence of God ; but he was wholly Christ s, and
he came out from a community dear to him by the
tenderest associations arid cast his burden on the
Lord. His favorite hymn at this time was:

" And must I part with all I have,

My dearest Lord, for thee?
It is lint right, since thon hast done
Much more than that for me.

" Yes, let it RO, one look from thee

Will more than make amends
For all the losses I sustain
Of wealth, of credit, friends."

He placed himself upon our Baptist foundation,
and gathered a community around him who re
ceived the Saviour s teachings as he proclaimed
them, and he lived to see a church waiting upon
his ministrations, of ")00 members, with a congre
gation very much larger, the descendants of the
grand old Presbyterians who in Scotland and Ire
land often faced death rather than desert their
principles, many of whom walked from seven to
ten miles to meet with the church at Tubbermore.

In a few years his fame spread throughout Eng
land and Scotland. Robert and James Ilaldune,
of Edinburgh, so well known for their great gifts to
Christ s cause, their distinguished position in so
ciety, and their burning zeal as Baptist ministers,
were his admiring and lasting friends. He was
frequently invited to visit England to preach at
mission anniversaries, or to aid in other great de
nominational undertakings; and in process of time
he was recognized as the leading man in the Baptist
denomination.

Mr. Carson read extensively. He made the
Greek language a special study, and it is not too
much to say that he was among the first Greek
scholars that have lived for centuries. It is well
known that if he would sign the " Standards" of
the Church of Scotland he could have had the pro
fessorship of Greek in the University of Glasgow, a
position requiring fine scholarship and promising a
large income, the indirect offer of which to the
pastor of a little company of Baptists in an obscure
Scotch-Irish village was a strong testimonial to Mr.
Carson s profound knowledge of the Greek tongue.

Mr. Carson was one of the clearest reasoners of
his day. He had an intellect so piercing that it
could see through any sophistry in a moment. He
was a logician with whom it was not wise to come
in collision, unless one wished to know the confu
sion and mortification of being mercilessly beaten.
He was a philosopher of no ordinary grade, as his
works clearly exhibit, and we are not surprised
that his former Presbyterian friends, years after
his connection with them, described him as the
Jonathan Edwards of the nineteenth century."

lie preached the word of God in expository lec
tures, pouring out its rich treasures and the wealth
of his own sacred learning upon the throngs that
united with him in the worship of God. Vew ever
heard him take a little text and suspend some
weighty subject upon it by a slender connecting
link.

lie practiced weekly communion, and his church
follows the same custom still. He was in the habit
of beginning the service by saying, "According to
the apostolic example, let us salute one another
with an holy kiss." He then kissed one of the dea
cons, and the injunction was observed around.
This command of Paul in reference to a local cus
tom is not now observed in Tubbermore. After
the sermon was over on the Lord s day the brethren
arose and enforced it, or some other Christian
theme, by appropriate exhortations. Nor did thev
feel backward to stand up, nor abashed to express
their views in the presence of one of the greatest
thinkers of the age, whose fatherly kindness was
as familiar to them all as a household word.

Space will not permit us to give a list of Dr.
Carson s works, for they were very numerous. His
octavo volume on baptism is a masterpiece of learn
ing and logic ; it overthrows quibbles about the
Abrahamic covenant, giving authority to baptize
children, as old as Augustine of Hippo, and as
wide-spread as Pedobaptist Christendom, and alle
gations that baptism might mean sprinkling or
pouring, with as much ease as a horse, unaccus
tomed to a rider, hurls to the ground the little boy
who has ventured to mount him. A number of
men in the Baptist ministry to-day, and very
many in the membership of our churches, were
drawn, or perhaps driven, to the Baptist fold by
"Carson on Baptism." It was first published in
London. Tt has been republished by the Baptist
Publication Society in Philadelphia. His works
should be in every Christian s library.

His style to some seems a little dogmatical. He
saw things clearly himself; he was wholly for
truth and entirely against error, and his distinct
perception and whole-heartedness made him impa
tient with the dull, and with those who tried to
make the worse appear the better side, with full
knowledge of its weakness. Anvhow, truth coming

CARXOX

1XX

CARTER

forth like a defiant giant is more attractive than
when it appears making simpering apologies for

venturing to show its face, and tn disturb the equa
nimity of error and wrong, though sturdy truth,
carrying a sharp and needful sword in a sheath of
love, pleases us most.

Dr. Carson received the degree of LL.D. from
Bacon College. Ky., an honor which no living man
better deserved than ho.

In returning from England in 1S44, where he
had been delivering addresses in various places for
the .Baptist Missionary Society, he foil into the
dock at Liverpool, where the water was twenty-five
J eet deeji : he was immediately rescued, and he
sailed for Belfast. During the night he became
alarmingly ill, and died the next day after landing,
Aug. 24. 1X44. lie was nearly fifty years in the
ministrv. His death caused universal grief, and
it left a vacancy in the ranks of scholarly Baptists
which few men of any community on earth have
the learned qualifications to fill. Since James
Csher. archbishop of Armagh, was laid in his
grave, no native of Ireland of Anglo-Irish or Scotch-
Irish origin fully equaled Alexander Carson in
learning and logic, and the aboriginal natives of
Ireland are out of the question since the days of
.John Seotus Erigena, the friend of Charles the
Bald.

Carson, W. B., D.D., was born in Pickens Co.,
S. C., Dec. 14, 1X21. Mr. Carson took an unusu
ally extensive course in the academical institution
in Wetumpka, Ala. He joined the Presbyterian
Church, the denomination of his ancestors, at
eighteen. In 1X49 he entered the theological
seminary in Columbia, S. C., but after a very
thorough investigation of the subject of baptism,
he was bapti/ed by James P. Boyee, D.D.. LL.D.
After he graduated he spent six years as pastor in
Gillisonville, Beaufort District, now Hampton Co.,
S. C. where the society combined high culture,
integrity, and piety in an uncommon degree. In
1S.V.) he became editor of the Southern Jhtplix/, in
Charleston, S. C., which position he occupied until
the war caused the suspension of the paper. During
this period its circulation greatly increased.

Although opposed to secession, he went with his
native State. lie volunteered as a private, but was
soon after made a chaplain, lie, however, always
went into the ranks in battle. After the war he
was for two years principal of the State Academy
at Ueidville, Spartanburg Co., S. C., and for the
same period of the Gowensville Seminary in Green
ville County. In IXTo the Furman University con
ferred upon him the title of D.D. lie is at present
pastor of the old Kirkland. now Smyrna, church,
in Barnwell Co., S. C. He has written somewhat
extensively for papers and reviews.
Carswell, Rev. Eginardus Ruthven, M.D.,

was born in Burke- Co., Ga., Oct. 22, 1X22. His
parents were both native Georgians. His ancestors
came from Ireland, his grandfather being a captain
in the Revolutionary war. He was educated chiefly
at Penfield, attending both Mercer Institute and
Mercer University. He graduated in medicine at
the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, in March,
1X44, and practiced medicine for ten years in
Burke County, lie experienced regenerating grace
at the young men s twilight meeting at Penfield in
the spring of 1X40, and was bapti/ed by Dr. Adiel
Sherwood. Impressed early that it was his duty
to preach, he became a licentiate, and frequently
engaged in proclaiming the gospel, meanwhile
studying theology irregularly during the ten years
of his medical practice. lie was ordained at
Bushy Creek church. Dec. 12. 1X52. His first
pastorate was that of Way s church in -Jefferson
County. Afterwards he served Du Hart s, Louis
ville. Piney Grove, Big Buckhead, Bark Camp,
and Sardis churches, in the Heph/.ibah Associa
tion, be-ides others in both Georgia and South
Carolina. Mr. Carswell has been a strenuous ad
vocate of temperance, of the Sunday-school cause,
of missions, and of the distinctive peculiarities of
Baptists. lie has always been in full sympathy
with the work of his Association and of the Geor
gia Baptist and Southern Baptist Conventions, and
he was, perhaps, the youngest delegate present at
the formation of the Southern Baptist Convention
at Augusta in 1X45. Utterly fearless in his sup
port of what ho deems the truth, Mr. Carswell
possesses great natural eloquence. He is noted
for the power and pungency of his appeals, for
logical force, and for rhetorical and figurative
illustrations. Mr. Carswell married Miss L. A.
Pior. Nov. 2. 1X47. and they have raised six rhil-
! dren, all of whom are members of Baptist churches,
and two of whom are promising young ministers.
Often made the moderator of the lleph/ibah Asso
ciation, he has been honored by his brethren in
various other ways in evidence of their confidence
and high esteem. In 1X72 he was selected to preach
i the first centennial sermon delivered in Georgia.
, that of the Bottsford Baptist church in Burke
County.

Carter, Rev. E. J. G., a promising young man
of Union Association, Ark., was born in Missis
sippi in 1X46: he removed to Arkansas in 1X52:
began to preach about 1X70; ordained 1X7". He
labored extensively with churches in Washita and
Nevada Counties. He died in 1879.

Carter, Rev. James, was one of the most earn
est-minded, zealous, pious, and useful of all the
ministers who have aided in building up the Bap
tist cause in Georgia. He was born near Powelton,
Hancock County, in 1797. and, after a laborious life,
died at Indian Springs. Butts County, Aug. 25,

CARTER

189

CARTER

1859. His parents were Virginians, who emigrated
to Georgia, and he was the youngest child. Hope
fully converted at an early age, he was baptized by
Jesse Mercer ; was licensed at twenty years of age,
and began to preach in Butts County, where he
had settled about 1823. He was instrumental, soon
after being licensed, in constituting Macedonia
church in Butts County, of which lie continued
pastor thirty years, residing all the Avhile upon a
farm which belonged to him. Besides Macedonia,
Mr. Carter was the pastor of the churches at Holly
Grove, Indian Springs, and other places; but, while
his labors were confined mostly to Butts and con
tiguous counties, he frequently made extensive
preaching tours to other parts of the State, and,
owing to his strong constitution and vigorous
health, performed an immense amount of labor.

Dr. J. II. Campbell, in his Georgia Baptists, 1
says, " It is doubtful whether any of our ministers
ever preached more, or did more good by preaching,
than James Carter." During his long pastorate of
the Macedonia church he received into it, by bap
tism at his own hands, 1000 members; and he bap
tized, in addition, not less than 1000 others, accord
ing to his own statement. His zeal was as ardent
as that of Paul, and his doctrinal sentiments were
as strongly Calvinistic as those of Paul himself.
He was a powerful preacher, and some of his ap
peals to sinners were exceedingly impressive and
convincing. Among his brethren he was regarded
as a pious, devout, sound, and zealous preacher
of a high order, whose successful labors won for
him universal respect. For years he was moderator
of the Flint River Association, which, at its session
following his death, listened to a funeral discourse
in his honor by Rev. J. II. Campbell.

It was at the house of James Carter that Jesse
Mercer died. They were old and attached friends,
and when Jesse Mercer was at Indian Springs for
his health in 1841, he visited Mr. Carter, and was
taken worse and expired, amid the most careful
and loving attentions.

Carter, Rev. Joseph E., was born in Murfrees-
borough, N. ( ., Feb. 6, 1836 ; was baptized in 1852;
read law. and began to practice in 1857 ; graduated
from Union University in 1801 ; was ordained at
Murfreesborough, X. C.. June 30, 1861, Dr. A. M.
Poindexter preaching the sermon ; served churches
in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Alabama as pastor
and evangelist, and accepted a call to Wilson, N. C.,
in March, 1880 ; a zealous, gifted, and useful man.

Carter, Rev. John W., was born in Albemarle
Co., Va., Dec. 31, 1836. When he was seven years
of age his parents removed to Upshur Co., W. Ya.,
where he grew up to manhood. He was a diligent
student in private, and an industrious pupil at Al-
leghany College, and now he is one of the most
scholarly ministers in the State. He was con

verted and baptized in 1858, and ordained in 1860.
He labored for some years in country churches in
LewisandUnshur Counties, and in 1864 took charge
of the church in Parkersbur&lt;:, where he still sus-

KKV. JOHN \V. C. \KTF.R.

tains the pastoral relation. The church has built
a fine edifice since Mr. Carter became its pastor,
and has prospered in other ways. Mr. Carter is
a preacher of acknowledged ability, and a minister
of great piety and worth.

Carter, Prof. Paschal, was born in Benson,
Vt., Sept. 17, 1807. His father was Josiah Carter.
a Revolutionary soldier and sea-captain, and his
mother, Charlotte De Angelis, was of Italian descent.
After persistent toil he entered Middlebury College,
Vt., in 1825, and graduated with honor in 1829.
On leaving college he became tutor in Columbian
College, Washington, D. C., and was subsequently
principal of the Keysville Academy, X. Y.. agent
of the Philadelphia Baptist Tract Society, and
principal of the Academy of South Reading, Mass.,
one of the largest and most flourishing schools of
that day. In 1832 he became Professor of Mathe
matics and Xatural Philosophy in Granvillc Col
lege, 0., and remained in this position over twenty-
two years. During part of this time he taught the
ancient languages and other branches, and most of
the time he was the college treasurer. a difficult
and responsible position. In 1854 he resigned his
chair at Granville, and accepted a similar position
in Georgetown College. Ky. After an interim of
two years spent in business life he became, in J858,
president of Central Collegiate Institute, Ala.,
where he remained until 1861. Since 1861 he has

CARTWHKIHT

CASTLE

been living at Centralia, 111., engaged in mercantile
pursuits.
Cartwright, Rev. Immanuel, was born in

Tennessee. He removed to St. Louis in 1X54, and
became pastor of the First African church, a posi
tion which he held efficiently for twenty years.
Large additions wei % e made to the membership, till
it numbered over a thousand. lie is awaiting the
appointed time for the Master s call to his eternal
home.

Gary, Rev. Lott, was born a slave about 1780,
in Virginia. I" 1804 he was brought to Richmond,
where for a time he led a depraved life; the Spirit
of Clod, however, changed his heart and gave him
faith in Jesus, lie was baptized in 1X07 into the
fellowship of the First Baptist church in Richmond,
by which he was subsequently licensed to preach.
He taught himself, with some little aid, to read ; he
bought his freedom and the liberty of his two chil
dren. In 1X15 he became deeply interested in
African missions, and at last he resolved to carry
the gospel there himself. In 1821 he was ordained
to the missionary work, and appointed to labor in
Africa by the board of the Baptist General Conven
tion. In 1X22 he settled in Liberia. He ministered
faithfully to the church originally formed in Rich
mond, then located in Monrovia. He spent much
time in instructing the Africans who had been
re-cued from slave-ships; he labored successfully
to establish schools. In 1X24 he was appointed
physician to the settlers, a position the duties of
which his studies of the diseases of the country
enabled him to discharge ; in 1X28 he became acting
governor of Liberia. lie perished by an accident,
Nov. X. 1X2X. He was beloved by all his people,
and greatly blessed of God.

Case, Rev. Isaac. " Father Case" was born at
Rehoboth, Mass., Feb. 25, 1761. At the age of
eighteen he became a subject of God s converting
grace. He was ordained in 17X3, and went to
Maine. He was, in the best sense of the word, an
evangelist, and when converts to Christ were made,
he formed them into churches, some of which after
wards became able and most useful organizations.
"Of the number of converts to whom he adminis
tered the ordinance of baptism, he kept no account,
but he supposed them to have been more than a
thousand." Mr. Case lived to an advanced age,
and died at Readfield, Me., Nov. 3, 1X52. Without
remarkable talents, by his earnest piety and good
common sense he became one of the most useful
ministers of his day.

Castle, John Harvard, L.D., was born in
Milestown, Philadelphia, Pa., in 1830; baptized in
1846 ; graduated from the Central High School,
of Philadelphia, 1847. In the same year he en
tered the university at Lewisburg, Pa., where he
graduated with first honors in 1851, and from that

institution he received the degree of Doctor of
Divinity in 1XGG. lie completed his studies at
Rochester Theological Seminary, N. Y., in 1853,
and was licensed to preach by the Broad Street
Baptist church, Philadelphia. He was ordained at
Pottsville, Pa., where he labored for two years and
a half, after which he settled with the church at
Newburgh, N. Y. In 1859 he returned to his native
city, and entered upon the pastorate of the First
Baptist church, West Philadelphia. Here he re

mained for fourteen years, universally beloved by
the church and community. Here also he gave
much time and labor to missionary and educational
interests, serving on the boards of the Publication
and Education Societies, the General Association,
the trustees of the university at Lewisburg, and of
Crozer Theological Seminary. He served as mod
erator of the Philadelphia Baptist Association, and
was also elected president of the Ministerial Confer
ence. In the spring of 1X71 he traveled extensively
in Europe.

In 1X72 he was urgently invited to take charge
of the Bond Street church of Toronto, Canada,
which invitation he accepted, and commenced his
pastorate there Feb. 1, 1873. In this field of labor
he still remains, in close and affectionate relations
with his people. A secular journal in Toronto,
under date of Oct. 5, 1X77. thus speaks of him :

" Into the work of the denomination and in all
Christian movements he has thrown himself with
all his heart, and has become a leading spirit
therein. His congregation has increased rapidly
and erected a handsome church building, which is

CASTLE

191

CAR WELL

now one of the recognized sights of the city. He
is a strong temperance advocate, and a consistent
enemy to frivolity of all descriptions. His oratori
cal powers are of a high order, his enunciation being
singularly distinct, and his manner graceful and
effective. Though an earnest upholder of the doc
trines of his denomination, he seldom gives utter-
since to any remarks which members of other com
munions cannot listen to without impatience.
Never slow to do battle when controversies arise,
he proves an adept in polemics ; but is ever ready
to recognize and admire all that is Christ-like
beyond his own ecclesiastical boundaries.

Castle, Prof. Orlando L., for some twenty-
seven years Professor of Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres
in Shurtleff College, was born at Jericho, Chittenden
Co., Vt., July 20, 1822. When he was about ten
years of age the family removed to Ohio, and at
Granville College, in that State, he received his
education, graduating in 1X46. His first service in
education was as superintendent of public schools
in Zanesville, 0. In 1853 he was invited to the
professorship at Alton, which he still holds. The
length of time during which he has occupied this
chair bears witness to the value of his service, a tes
timony confirmed by that of the many students who
have enjoyed his instruction. He is a member of
the Baptist church in Upper Alton, a genial and
cultured Christian gentleman, a trained scholar in
the classics and in mathematics, as well as in his
special department, and he is a superior teacher.

Caswell, Alexis, D.D., LL.D., one of the most
eminent educators and most widely-known minis
ters in the denomination, was born in Taunton,
Mass., Jan. 29, 1799. lie was a twin brother of
Alvaris Caswell, of Xorton, Mass. His ancestors
were among the earliest settlers of his native town,
and devoted themselves to agricultural pursuits.
The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood
days on the paternal farm. The bent of his mind
towards a larger and better culture than he could
expect to obtain if he devoted himself to the calling
of his father early showed itself, and nothing but
a full collegiate course of study would satisfy him.
At the age of nineteen he became a member of the
Freshman class in Brown University, where he was
graduated with the highest honors of his class in
1822. It was during his college course that he be
came a decided, and what he ever continued to be,
a most cheerful and consistent Christian. In July,
1820, he was received into the membership of the
First Baptist church in Providence, and his con
nection with that venerable church was never dis
solved until the tie was severed by death.

Soon after closing his college studies he became
a tutor in what was then Columbian College, at
Washington, D. C., being one of the earliest in
structors in the institution. His connection with

the college continued for five years. In 1825 he
was raised from the rank of tutor to that of Pro
fessor of the Ancient Languages. But it was not
his purpose to devote himself to the profession of
teaching. His strong desire was to become a
preacher of the gospel. The eloquent Dr. William
Staughton was the president of the college, and
under his guidance Prof. Caswell read theology
and prepared sermons, enjoying also the instruc
tions of Dr. Irah Chace in the Hebrew. Having
thus prepared himself for what no doubt he con
sidered would be his life-work, he was directed by
a somewhat remarkable providence of God to Hali
fax, Nova Scotia, where he was ordained as a Chris
tian minister, and agreed, temporarily at least, to
act as pastor of the recently organized Baptist
church in that city. "It was a ministry," says

ALEXIS CASWELL, D.])., LL.D.

Prof. Lincoln, fruitful of good to himself and his
people. It was one which laid under contribution
all the resources he could command, both intellec
tual and spiritual ; for though the church was not
large, yet it united, especially in the persons of
its leaders, intelligence, culture, and social consid
eration with a simple and sincere piety, and an
earnest desire for growth in Christian knowledge
and experience, and in Christian service." We are
told that " he was a popular and attractive preacher,
arid that his discourses, which were written, but
preached without the use of notes, attracted full
and overflowing houses."

It might seem as if such evident adaptedness to
the active labors of the ministry, and marked suc
cess in that work, plainly pointed out what were

CAS WELL

CAKWELL

the sure indications of Divine Providence as to his
future career. His reputation as a preacher and
pastor led the church of which he was a member
the First church in Providence to think of him as
a mo&gt;t suitable person to fill the place made vacant
by the resignation of their venerable minister,
the Rev. Dr. (Jano. But before any action could
be taken on the subject he was called to the chair
of Mat hematics and Natural Philosophy in Brown
University, and assumed the duties of his professor
ship at the commencement of the fall term of 1828.
ile at mice and most heartily entered into the plans
of the new president. Dr. Wayland, and faithfully
stood by him, as he endeavored, with what success
is well known, to raise the standard of education
in the college of which he was the honored head.
The fortunes of the university were at this time at
a low ebb. and only by generous sacrifice and he
roic, persistent effort was the tide in its affairs
made to rise. .Prof. Caswell threw himself into the
work he had undertaken with his characteristic
y.eal, a y.eal coupled with good sense and sound
judgment. lie labored for the interests of his be
loved (d ma wafer not only in his special depart
ment of instruction, but outside of college walls he
enlisted the sympathy and secured the substantial
aid of its friends in promoting in many ways its
prosperity. But amid the most engrossing labors
of the profession to which he consecrated his best
energies, Prof. Caswell never lost sight of that
higher calling, in the discharge of the duties of
which he had expected to spend his days. If he
was the college instructor, he was also the Chris
tian minister. As Prof. Lincoln has so well said.
"To his habitual conception, religion and educa
tion were indissolubly united, and the Christian
religion was the soul and the sacred presiding
genius of a place of education. To his view a col
lege was a fountain not merely of a liberal educa
tion, but of a Christian liberal education ; not Chris
tian, however, in the sense of giving theological
instruction, or only training men to be of service
as pastors and preachers, though he never forgot
that leading design of the fathers of this college
and other colleges of Xew England, but Christian
in the more catholic sense of educating and rear
ing up Christian men for Christian service in what
soever vocation and business of life."

Dr. Caswell went abroad in I860, and spent a
year making himself familiar with the scenes and
the social life of the Old World. Among scientific
men, whose special attention had been devoted to
the study of astronomy, which Avas his favorite
branch of instruction, he met with a cordial wel
come. His genial and affable manners, his in
quiring spirit, and warm enthusiasm in the direc
tion of research into the wonderful mysteries of
the heavens, won for him a warm place in the

hearts of those whose pursuits were kindred to his
own, and he formed friendships which remained
unbroken until death. When he came back to his
home he resumed at once the duties of his profes
sion, and continued his official relations with Brown
University until the fall of 1863, when he resigned
his professorship, after having so ably filled the
chair lie had occupied for thirty-five years.

A few years of varied service were spent in the
community in which he was so well known and so
highly respected and loved. The resignation of
Dr. Sears as president of Brown University to
enter upon that career of usefulness to which for
so many years he has devoted himself, was followed
in a few months by the election of Dr. Caswell to
the office thus vacated. Although sixty-nine years
of age when thus called to this responsible posi
tion, no one on terms of familiar intimacy with
him ever thought of the new president as being an
old man. lie was in vigorous health. The press
ure of so many years even, as he had lived, had
not bowed that manly, erect form. He was the
model of Christian refinement and gentlemanly
courtesy, and had a rare gift for commanding the
respect and winning the affection of young men.
The expectations of his friends in calling him to the
presidency of the university were not disappointed,
and his administration of its affairs proved to be a
success. For nearly five years he discharged the
duties which devolved on him as the head of an in
stitution Avith which he had so long been connected.
His resignation took place in September, 1872, and
he once more retired to comparatively private life.
For thirty-nine years and a half he had filled an
important place in the department of instruction
in Brown University, and for nearly the rest of his
life he watched over its interests as a member of
its corporation, first as a trustee and then as a
Fellow. No one person has been so long and so
closely identified with all that concerned its pros
perity as Dr. Caswell.

Space does not permit to enumerate all the posi
tions of trust and honor to which, during his long
and useful life, Dr. Caswell was called. lie was
warmly attached to the denomination with which
in his early manhood he connected himself. In
everything that had to do with its elevation he took
the liveliest interest. The cause of sound theologi
cal learning always found in him a warm friend.
Through his whole life he took an active part in
promoting the prosperity of the Newton Theologi
cal Institution, succeeding to the presidency of its
board of trustees on the death of Dr. Sharp, and
retaining to the close of life his place on that
board. The cause of foreign missions had no more
earnest advocate and friend than he. He was
chosen president of the Missionary Union in 1867,
and re-elected in 1868. Like his early pupil and

CATK

193

CATECHUMENI

lifelong friend, Baron Stow, both pen and voice
\vere employed in doing what he could to hasten
the coining of the day when the knowledge of the
Lord shall be the common heritage of the nations
of the earth. The Baptist denomination may justly
be proud of having had in its ranks tin educator of
so large and worthy a reputation, and a minister
of Jesus who rendered such efficient aid in ad
vancing its best interests in so many directions.

Gate, Rev. George W., was born in Sanborn-
ton, N. II., in 1815. He became a hopeful Christian
while residing in Amesbury, Mass. lie pursued
his preparatory studies for the Christian ministry
at New Hampton and Hampton Falls, and gradu
ated at Brown University in 1S41. and at Xewton
in 1S44. In September of 1S44 he was ordained
as pastor of the church in Barre. Mass. His min
istry with this church continued for lour years. He
was then obliged to give up preaching on account
of his health. For a few months lie lingered, and
then passed away. His death took place May 13,
184 ,). After much long and thorough preparation
for his work, it seemed mysterious that this servant
of Christ should have been removed so early in his
public ministry, but the Master whom he tried to
serve knew best what disposition to make of him.

Catechumeni, or Catechumens, Baptism of.

Believers who received the Word gladly were the
subjects of baptism in the Saviour s day and during
the ministry of his apostles. About A.D. 100, the
same class of persons received baptism. Justin
Martyr, one of the most talented and reliable of
the early Christian writers, says, " In what manner
we dedicate ourselves to God. after beinic renewed
by Christ, we; will now explain, lest by omitting
we should seem to dissemble in our statement ; as
many as are persuaded and believe that the things
which we teach and declare are true, and promise
that they are determined to live accordingly, are
taught to pray to God, and to beseech him with
fasting to grant them remission for their past, sins,
while we also pray and fast with them. We then
lead them to a place where there is water, and then
they are regenerated (baptized) in the same manner
as we also were, for they receive a washing in
water ( tv TS&gt; vSa.n} in the name of God, the Father
and Lord of the universe, and of our Saviour, Jesus
Christ." 1 The Apology," from which this is taken,
was addressed to the emperor Antoninus Pius, and
there is no doubt about its authenticity. Accord
ing to Justin, the only persons baptized in his day
were believers, resolved to live for God. Later
than his time, but still in the second century, before
men were baptized they were instructed for some
time and catechized, and then baptized. This cate-
chumenical system preceded baptism for centuries
in the Christian church. The most celebrated
school for catechumcni in the Christian world was

at Alexandria, in Egypt, and Origen was its most
distinguished instructor, as he had been its most
illustrious pupil under Cluneus Alexandrinus. 2
Catechists, to conduct the instruction of the cate-
chumeni, in process of time were appointed all over
the Christian world ; and twice a year the scholars
went forth to baptism, at Easter and Whitsuntide
in the West, and at Easter and Whitsuntide, or at
the Epiphany, in the East. Xo catechised candi
date for baptism employed another to profess his
faith, he attended to that duty himself.

The learned Bingham says. " The Trio-rot, or be
lievers, being SIK-/I as were baptized, and thereby
made complete and perfect Christians, were upon
that account dignified with several titles of honor
and marks of distinction above the catechumens;"
after mentioning their titles, he describes their
privileges : " It was their sole prerogative to partake
of the Lord s Supper," "another of their preroga
tives above the catechumens was to stay and join
with the minister in all the prayers of the church,
which the catechumens were not allowed to do. the
use of the Lord s prayer was the sole prerogative
of the TUO-TOI (believers) ; the catechumens were not
allowed to say Our Father till they had first
made themselves sons by regeneration in the
waters of baptism. They were admitted to hear all
discourses made in the church, even those that
treated of the most abstruse and profound mysteries
of the Christian religion, which the catechumens
were strictly prohibited from hearing." Bingham
speaks of four classes of catecbumeni, those who
were instructed privately, the hearers, the kneelers,
arid the competentes and electi. that is, those who
petitioned for baptism, and were chosen to observe
that sacred ordinance. They were strictly ex
amined, according to Bingham, in the Christian in
structions imparted to them by the catechist before
they were elected to receive baptism.

As the same erudite writer informs us, the cate-
chumeni were placed with their faces to the west,
the region of darkness, and there they renounced
the devil and his works, and the world with its
luxury anil pleasures. And they struck their hands
together as if they were ready for conflict with
Satan. They afterwards faced the east, the region
of light, where, the rising sun first appears, that
before the sun of righteousness they might record
their sacred profession as Christians. They made
a solemn vow of obedience to God, and " there was
also exacted a profession of faith of every person in
be baptized. And this was always to be made in
the same words of the creed that every church used
for the baptism of her catechumens." 3 They were
solemnly questioned publicly in the church on the
several parts of the Christian faith, and after some
ceremonial observances without warrant of Scrip
ture they were led into the baptismal waters and

CATECHUMEN!

immersed. Ambrose of Milan gives us an illustra
tion of believer s baptism in catechumenical times
when lie suvs. " Thou wast asked, Dost thou be
lieve in God the omnipotent Father? and thou
saidst. I believe ; and thou wast immersed, that is,
thou wast buried. Again thou wast asked, Dost
thou believe in our Lord Jesus Christ and in his
cross . and thou saidst, I believe; and thou wast
immersed, and therefore thou wast buried with
Christ, for he who is buried with Christ shall rise
with Christ: a third time thou wast asked. Dost
thou believe in the Holy Spirit? and a third time
thou wast immersed, . . . for when thou dost im
merse (mergis) thou dost form a likeness of death
and burial." The baptism of the catechumen!,
the baptism of the Church Universal (Catholic)
was the immersion of professed believers.

According to the forty-second canon of the Coun
cil Kliberis, or Elvira, held about A.D. !05. the reg
ular period of probation for the eatechumeni was
two years. In special cases it might be shortened,
but this was the ordinary time. It rends, " Those
who give in their names to be entered into the
church shall be baptized two years after, if they
lead a regular life, unless they are obliged to relieve
them sooner upon account of any dangerous sick
ness, or that it is judged convenient to grant them
this grace because of the fervor of their prayers." 5
The two years probation, the fervent prayers, and
the catechetical instruction unite in showing that
candidates for baptism were not babes, but enlight
ened persons.

It is pretended that catechumenical instruction
was only for converts from heathenism. This state
ment is entirely unsupported by evidence. The
catechumenical preparation was a prerequisite to
baptism for all classes of persons for ages, except
in the case of a babe threatened with death, after
superstition created and gave a little encourage
ment to infant baptism.

For various reasons infant baptism made slow
progress against the baptism of catechised persons.
It was thought that baptism washed out all sin,
and parents regarded it as an unwise wa&lt;te of so
great a treasure to apply it to babes who had only
Adam s guilt, when they would need its cleansing
power so much more as they grew older. Hence,
even in Africa, the dark birthplace of infant im
mersion, and in the days of Augustine, the grand
patron of the unscriptural rite, we find that it was
necessary to use the curses of an episcopal council
to help infant baptism in its efforts to spread. The
Council of Carthage, held A.D. 418. in its second
canon " pronounces an anathema against such as
deny that children ought to be baptized as soon as
they arc born." 6 The bishops of Africa had hearers
who needed maledictions, and a good many of them,
to give up the baptism of believers. No curses

are needed now in Pedobaptist clerical assemblies
to assist the infant rite into extensive popularity.
At least, none have been needed for centuries, until
within the last fifty years, when our principles
have invaded the strongholds of Pedobaptism and
injured it in the sanctuaries of its friends.

The great Basil was born of pious parents, and
baptized, after being a catechumenus. in his twentv-
eighth year. 7 The same thing is true of Gregory
Nazianzen, Ambrose, Jerome, and Augustine, the
distinguished churchmen of the fourth century, and
in the case of Augustine, of the fourth and a part
of the fifth. Gibbon, speaking of this period, says,
" The discretion of parents often suspended the
baptism of their children till they could understand
the obligations thev contracted ; the sacrament of
baptism was supposed to contain a full and absolute
expiation of sin. the soul was instantly restored to
its original purity, and entitled to the promise of
eternal salvation." * Archbishop Cranmer s;iys,
li St. Gregory Nazianzen, as great a clerk (clergy
man) as ever was in Christ s church, and master to
St. Hierome, counseled that children should not
be baptized until they came to three years of age,
or thereabout, except they were in danger of life." !l
Cranmer s testimony about Gregory s advice is cor
rect, but he might have ndded that even this famous
archbishop of Constantinople was heeded by few
about the early reception of baptism ; that the
reigning emperor, Theodosius, " who, according to
Socrates, had been instructed in Christian prin
ciples by his pious ancestors," only submitted to
baptism when dangerously ill at Thessalonica : 1(&gt;
and that baptisms at three years old were rare oc
currences. The celebrated Bishop -Jewel says, Like
wise in old times they that were called eatechumeni
were warned aforehand to prepare their hearts that
they might worthily receive baptism." After
making the statement he proceeds to quote Clement
and Augustine in support of it. Mosheim, speak
ing of the third century, says. "Baptism was pub
licly administered twice a year to candidates who
had gone through a long preparation and trial."
Xeander declares the same thing, speaking of the
early churches. " Many pious but mistaken pa
rents . . . wished rather to reserve baptismal grace
(for their children) against the more decided and
mature age of manhood, as a refuge from the
temptations and storms of an uncertain life."
The baptism of catechised persons, after the apos
tolic age and the times of the primitive fathers,
spread everywhere, and it existed for centuries
after it is commonly supposed that infant baptism
had banished it from the world. We have this
statement confirmed by the administration of bap
tism only twice a year, on two important church
feasts, down at least in many cases to the tenth
century. In the West, the great baptisms at Easter

CATECHUMENI

195

CA TECHUMENI

and Whitsuntide were in their full glory in the
ninth century. They were universal for adults in
the fourth century. And there is every reason for
believing that in many cases the children baptized
in the ninth century were in some degree instructed,
though no doubt it was but to a limited extent.
One hundred years ago every child in Europe and
America of Pedobaptist parentage was baptized
within a month after birth. In the ninth century,
and afterwards, only sick children were baptized,
except at Easter and Pentecost. The abandonment
of the two great baptisms in the year shows an
unquestionable change in the subjects of the rite.
Mihnan says. At Easter and Pentecost, and in
some places at the Epiphany, baptism was admin
istered publicly, that is, in the presence of the
faithful, to all the converts of the year. 1 * The
Council of Gerunda, held in A.D. 517, in its fourth
and fifth canons, decrees, " Baptism shall be ad
ministered only at Easter and Whitsuntide; at the
other festivals only the sick shall be baptized.
Children shall be baptized whenever they are pre
sented if they be sick or cannot nurse the breast. r&gt;
This baptism is clearly for the old candidates, and
only sick infants are to receive the rite at other
times. Pope Nicholas T., in his 69th letter, written
A.D. S58, testifies that " the solemn times of admin
istering baptism are the feasts of Easter and Whit
suntide, but that it is not necessary to observe this
(rule) in regard to people newly converted, or in
reference to those in danger of death." 1G In SliS.
the Council of AVorms, in its first canon, decreed
"that baptism should be solemnly administered
only at Easter and AVhitsuntide." n In 895. the
Council of Tribur, in its twelfth canon, ordained
that the sacrament of baptism should not be
administered out of the solemn times at Easter
and AVhitsuntide." ls Whitsuntide, it has been
justly observed, " was one of the stated times for
baptism in the ancient church, when those who
were baptized put on white garments as types of
that spiritual purity they receive in baptism," 1!)
hence the name, Whitsunday, AVhitmondav. This
is a season of rejoicing in several European coun
tries now, though the grand baptisms have ceased
long since. In the ninth century they still had the
two great annual baptisms, and the customs that
obtained when all the candidates for baptism were
instructed beforehand. Of course, if the present
practice of infant baptism had prevailed, and each
child had been baptized a few days after birth, the
Easter and Pentecost baptisms would never have
existed. But the probabilities are that in many
places in Europe, as late as the ninth century, or
later, the persons baptized were two or three years
old, or more, so that they could answer all the
usual questions themselves. As soon as the bap
tism of unconscious babes in a few days or weeks

after birth became universal, then the great bap
tisms of Easter and Pentecost ended.

From Alcuin, the distinguished Englishman, who
rendered such important literary and religious ser
vices to Charlemagne in the eighth century, we
learn that there were catechumeni in his day; com
menting on the Gospel of John, ii. 23, 24, he says,
" Ecclesiastical custom does not give the com
munion of the body and blood of Christ to the
catechumeni, because they are not born of water
(baptized) and of the Spirit." 20 There were cer
tainly catechumeni at this time. lie states in
another place. We say that no catechumenus
(an instructed candidate for baptism), although
dying in good works, has eternal life, unless he
becomes a martyr, by which all the mysteries of
baptism are perfected ; for by blood, fire, and other
pains the confessors were baptized." 21 lie speaks
of a catechumenus as one of the existing characters
of his day. So that instruction was still demanded
in some parts of Christendom outside the ranks of
the Anabaptists as a qualification for baptism.

Robinson 22 describes a baptism which took place
in the Lateran baptistery in Koine, in which three
children, representing John and Peter and Mary,
after being catechised by a priest and instructed
for the occasion, were solemnly immersed by the
pope himself. lie wore waxed drawers, the cere
mony took place on the Saturday before Easter,
and the children were the recipients of some relig
ious knowledge. The account is taken from an
cient Roman ordinals collected by Father Mabillon,
and it is undoubtedly reliable. The baptism may
be attributed to any period from the ninth to the
twelfth century.

Miiratori, conservator of the public archives of
Modena in the beginning of the eighteenth cen
tury, of whom it is recorded that " literary societies
vied with each other in sending him diplomas, and
authors who had attained eminence in different de
partments of literature paid him the homage of
enscribing to him their works," himself a learned
Roman Catholic, in view of a mass of ancient docu
ments treating of the baptismal history of his
church, from the tenth to the fourteenth century,
says, " From monuments thus far produced, we
may learn how many ages the custom among
Christians of not baptizing infants immediately at
birth, as we now do, continued. Unless sickness
or danger threatened life, a reception of the sacra
ment (of baptism) was delayed by most persons
till the Saturday before Easter Sunday and AVhit-
sunday, on which days the church celebrated the
solemn baptism." "

Baptism was conferred by the apostles on a con
fession of faith. In the third century there was a
period of instruction imposed before the rite was
conferred, and this catechumenical course con-

CAT I [CART

196

CAULDWKLL

tinned, the candidates for baptism growing younger
every century, for a considerable period after the
ninth century. The baptism of unconscious babes
to reach universal empire in the great church and
drive believer s baptism to the shelter of the little
sects, had to fight the AVord of God, the old creeds
and customs of Christendom, the prejudices of all
Christian countries, and the fierce opposition of
Baptists under various denominational names, and
it succeeded at last, after the ninth century. But
the profession of faith of the sponsors for the child
still shows the old divine demand for faith in the
candidates of baptism.

1 .Just. Phih.s. et .Mart.. Apol. i. Patrol. Grjeca,
torn. vi. p. 140. Migne. Parisiis. ~ Kuscb. Hcclos.
Hist., lib. vi. 40. :! Binghaui s Antiquities, book i.
4, x. 2, xi. 7. 4 De Sacramentis, lib. iv. 7. vol. xvi. p.
44S. Patrol. Lut. Migne. Du Pin s Kccles. Hist.,
i. 593. Dublin. i; Idem., i. 035. Robinson s Hist.
of Baptism, pp. 91-95. Nashville. s Decline and
Fall. i. 450. Magowan, London. y Miscellaneous
Writings, p. 17;"). Parker Society. I0 Kccles. Hist.,
lib. v. cap. (i. "Jewel s Works, p. 119. Parker
Society. l ~ Kccles. Hist,, p. IOC). London, 1S4S.
1:1 Church History, ii. 319. Boston. " History of
Christianity, p. 400. New York, 1841. ir&gt; Du Pin,
i. OS8. 1(i I,lem.,ii. 143. IT Idem., ii. 1 15. ]s Idem.,
ii. 118. 1!l Buck s Theological Dictionary, p. 450.
20 Patrol. Lat., torn. c. p. 777. Migne. al Idem.,
torn. ci. p. 1074. -- Robinson s History of Baptism,
p. 102. 2:) Antiquitates Italicae Medii JEvi, torn. iv.
diss. 57. De Hitibus, Mel., 1738.

Cathcart, William, D.D., was born in the
County of Londonderry, in the north of Ireland,
Nov. 8, 182G ; his parents, James Cathcart and
Elizabeth Cously, were of Scotch origin, the stock
known as Scotch-Irish in the United States. He
was wrought up in the Presbyterian Church, of
which, for some years, he was a member. The Sa
viour called him into his kingdom in early life,
and taught him that he should preach the gospel.
He was baptized by Rev. R, II. Carson, of Tubber-
more, in January, 184G. He studied Latin arid
Greek in a classical school near the residence of
his father. He received his literary and theological
education in the University of Glasgow, Scotland,
and in Horton, now Rawdon College, Yorkshire,
England. He was ordained pastor of the Baptist
church of Barnsley, near Sheffield, England, early
in 1850. From political and anti-state church
considerations he determined to come to the United
States in 1853, and on the 18th of November in
that year he arrived in New York. In the latter
part of the following month he became pastor of
the Third Baptist church of Groton, in Mystic
River, Conn. In April, 1857, he took charge of
the Second Baptist church of Philadelphia, Pa.,
where he has since labored.

In 1X73, the University of Lewisburg conferred
on Mr. Cathcart the degree of Doctor of Divinity.
In 187G, on the retirement of Dr. Malcom from the
presidency of the American Baptist Historical So
ciety, Dr. Cathcart was elected president, and has
been re-elected at each annual meeting since. In

H lLLIAM CATUr.VKT, D.I).

1S75, in view of the Centennial year of our national
independence, the Baptist Ministerial Union, of
Pennsylvania, appointed Dr. Cathcart to prepare a
paper, to be read at their meeting in Meadville in
1870, on " The Baptists in the Revolution." This
paper, by enlargement, became a duodecimo volume,
entitled "The Baptists and the American Revolu
tion." Dr. Cathcart has also published a large
octavo, called "The Papal System." and "The
Baptism of the Ages and of the Nations," a IGmo.
Catlin, Rev. S. T., was born in Montville, Me.,
and died May 1, 1878, aged fifty-nine years: or
dained to the work of the ministry in 1839. After
servinf several churches in his native State, he

came to Hudson, Wis., in 1851. lie was ap
pointed Indian missionary by the American Bap
tist Missionary Union in 1854. He subsequently
preached at Osccola, St. Croix Falls, and Taylor
Falls, lie was a faithful and successful pioneer
preacher, a man of good ability, highly esteemed
by the churches that knew him.

Cailldwell, Ebenezer, a prominent Baptist
layman of New York, was born in England in
1791, and died in New York in 1875. He came
with his father in early life to New York, and en
gaged with him in merchandising ; and securing the
entire business of the firm on the death of his

CAUSLKR

CENTRA L UNIVERSITY

father, lie built up a commercial house without a
superior in his line. When a lad lie was converted,
and joined the Oliver Street church, and became
one of its most efficient members. He was chosen
a deacon of his church, and a member of the board
of the American Baptist Home Mission Society,
and its treasurer. He gave liberally to its funds.
as he did to all other enterprises of the Baptist
denomination. He was one of the founders of the
Hope Chapel Baptist church, which, about 1850,
built a house on Broadway. A few years later the
church erected a large edifice on Twenty-third
Street, and changed its name to the Calvary church.
With this community he held the office of deacon
while he lived. lie was a Christian without blem
ish, dear to all his Master s servants who knew him.
Causler, Rev. A. G., a leading member of Co
lumbia Association, in the southern part of Arkan
sas, was born in the State of South Carolina in
1825. He began to preach in 1852. lie labored
efficiently in his native State until 181)7, when he
removed to the northern part of Arkansas, and after
a few years there came to Columbia Association,
and engaged in the active duties of his calling. He
died in 1S72.

Cedar Valley Seminary, Osage, Iowa, had

its origin in a proposition from the citizens of
Osage to the Cedar Valley Baptist Association,
September, 1862. that they would furnish appro
priate buildings if the Association would establish
and maintain an institution of learning suited to
the wants of the community. After careful delib
eration, the Association

" Resolved^ That we fully approve of the accept
ance of said buildings, and pledge our hearty co
operation in the execution of the enterprise.

After fully canvassing the subject, and after a
conference with the parties concerned, Rev. Alva
Bush, who had just concluded his engagement as
Professor of Mathematics in the Upper Iowa Uni
versity, moved his family to Osage, and on Jan. 10,
18G3, commenced a school in the court-house, to
which was given the name of Cedar Valley Semi
nary. In September, 1864, the Association assumed
the control of the school and appointed a board of
trustees. In December, 1867, a legal organization
was completed. In 1867, property was purchased,
and a fine seminary building was erected during
the following two years by the citizens of Osage,
according to their original proposal. In Septem
ber. 1869, this property was formally tendered to
the Association on condition that they raise *20,000
and maintain a good school. The offer, with its
conditions, was accepted, and the raising of the
endowment undertaken. But owing to the great
severity of the times the sum was not raised till
1876. The title was transferred to the board of
trustees in May, 1876, who now have the owner

ship and absolute control. At each recurring
meeting of the Association, trustees are appointed
to fill vacancies in the board, and renewed evidence
of sympathy and interest in the institution through
out the bounds of the Association is manifested
from year to year. Prof. Alva Bush, LL.D., has
been continued at the head of the institution since
1863. In 1871, the seminary sent out its first grad
uating class.

Centennial Institute, located at Warren, Brad
ley Co., Ark., under the patronage of the General
Association of Southeastern Arkansas, was opened
in 1875. It is at present under the direction of
Rev. W. E. Paxton. A.M.. with three other teachers.
A plan for the endowment of the school has been
put on foot, and an airent is at work in this field.
It is located in the midst of the most fertile por
tion of the State, on the line of the Mississippi,
Ouachita and Red River Railroad. The spring
term of 1880 closed with 100 matriculates.

Central Female College is located at Clinton,

Hinds Co., Miss. The want of suitable facilities
in the State for the education of the daughters of
Baptists was long felt. At length the venerable
Dr. Phillips made a movement in this direction in
the Central Baptist Association, which resulted in
the establishment of this school. In 1856, Dr.
Walter Hillman and his accomplished ladv were
called to this institution, and for twenty-four years
under their management it has prospered, and her
daughters are filling the highest social positions in
the State. The spring term of 1880 closed with
104 students and 6 teachers. The buildings are
the private property of Dr. Hillman and his wife.
Central University, Pella, Iowa, was estab
lished by a Convention representing the Baptists
of the State, which located the institution at Pella,
Marion County, and named it Central University.
They appointed a board of 30 trustees, divided
into 3 classes of 10 each, and an executive com
mittee of 7. They determined to open the acad
emical department of the school at once, of which,
on their appointment, E. H. Scarff, A.M.. took
charge and commenced the school. During the
first two years it steadily advanced in numbers
and in the grade of scholarship, and the board
were encouraged in June, 1858. to open a regular
collegiate course. They elected Rev. E. (Junn
president. In the same vear Mrs. I). C. A. Stod-
dard was chosen principal of the ladies depart
ment. From 1857 to 1861. the prospects of the
institution were very flattering, and classes were
formed as high as the Junior class. The aggregate
number of students for the year 1861 was 377.
At the opening of the war, in 1861, many of the
students responded to the call for soldiers, and at
the close of the summer term, 1862. there was not
an able-bodied man of sufficient a;e to bear arms.

CHA CK

198

CHAMBERS

in the college. Rev. E. Gunii resigned the presi
dency and Prof. Currier enlisted in the army. Of
the 114 students who went to the war, 26 were
commissioned ofHeers, IT non-commissioned officers,

and 21 fell on the field. In 1805, Prof. Currier re
turned from the army to his place in the university.
At the annual meeting in June, 1870. it was re
solved to raise $10,000 as the nucleus of endow
ment. The ellbrt was successful. The board, in
June. 1ST 1. resolved to prosecute the work of en
dowment, and elected Rev. L. A. Dunn. D.D., of
Fairfax, Vt.. president. At the opening of the
winter term he delivered his inaugural address
and entered upon his labors, and he has earnestly
pressed forward the work of the university. Among
those educated at the institution there are 7 edi
tors, 7 doctors. ."&gt;! ministers. 42 lawyers, and hun
dreds of school-teachers, and a large number of
others in various walks of life. The university
has a full college course; the Senior class numbers
7, the Junior 8, the Sophomore 12. the Freshman
1 J, the Sub-Freshman 36. It also has an acad
emical department and a musical class, in all some
200 students. The president, of the university is
assisted in his work by a full corps of able in
structors.

Chace, Prof. George Ide, LL.D., was born in

Lancaster, Mass., Feb. 19, 1808. He fitted for col
lege at the academy in bis native town, and was a
graduate of Brown University in the class of 1830.
Soon after leaving college he took charge of the
Preparatory Classical School in \Vaterville, Me.,
where he remained through the academic year of
1880-31, and then accepted an appointment as
tutor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in
Brown University, and was shortly made adjunct
professor with the late Dr. Caswell. His connec
tion with the university covered a period of forty-
one years. For fifteen years he occupied the chair
of Chemistry, Physiology, and Geology, and for five
years, 1867-72, the chair of Moral Philosophy and
Metaphysics. On the resignation of Rev. Dr. Sears
to enter upon his duties as superintendent of the
Peabody Educational Fund, Prof. Chace held the
office of president of the university one year, when
he was succeeded by Dr. Robinson. lie closed his
connection with the university in 1872, and went
abroad, spending a year and a half in foreign travel,
extending his trip as far as Egypt. For the few years
past Prof. Chace has occupied prominent and use
ful positions in the city of Providence, as a mem
ber of the municipal government, and as the presi
dent of the State Board of Charities and of Rhode
Island Hospital. In 1853. he received the degree
of Ph.D. from Lewisburg University, and that of
LL.D. from Brown University. He is a prominent
member of the venerable First Baptist church, and
takes a deep interest in its prosperity.

Challis, Rev. James M., was born in Philadel-
)hia, Pa.. Jan. 4. 1779. At an early age he lost his
ather, and went with his mother to reside at
Salem, X. J. There he grew up under the ministry
of Rev. Mr. Sheppard, by whom he was baptized
mil encouraged to turn his attention to the min-
istrv. He was licensed by the church, and after
pending a short time in preparatory study with
Dr. Ilolcomb, pastor of the First Baptist church,
Philadelphia, he accepted a call to the pastorate of
the church at Upper Freehold, N. J., where, in 1S22,
lie was ordained. Ho removed to Lower Dublin, Pa.,
in 1838. With this ancient church he remained
-even vears, when he returned to New .Jersey and
became pastor of the churches at Moorestown and
Marlton. and in 1842 of the Cohansey church.
Here he labored eight years, when, owing to ad
vancing age. he resigned his charge and ended all
pastoral labors. Removing to Bridgeton. he united
with the First Baptist church. Here be resided
till his death, in April. 1868, preaching, however,
at different points, as opportunity offered, and some
times supplying vacant churches for months in suc
cession. His whole ministry covered a period of
more than forty years, during which he was instru
mental in bringing many to Christ, some of whom
now occupy positions of prominence and usefulness
in our churches. During his last illness, which
was short but exceedingly painful, he experienced
UTeat peace of mind, and a sweet assurance through
ii-race of entering into the everlasting rest.

Chambers, Rev. K., was born about six miles
from Milledgeville, April 7, 1814. lie became the
subject of religious impressions when young, and
in 1832. he was baptized into the fellowship of
Mount Olive church by Klder T. D. Oxford. He
Avas ordained in 1839 by J. P. Leverett, J. J.
Salmon, and Wiley M. Pope. From that time till
he left the State he Avas pastor of four churches,
and one year served the Washington Association as
missionary and colporteur. lie removed to Florida
in 1854. and settled ui Columbia County, where he
vet resides. Here, as in Georgia, his services were
in demand, and the first year he lived in the State
he pmiched to three churches.

At his siiL iiestion, and through his influence in
part, the Santa Fe River Association Avas organized,
and he served it two years as missionary, and in
one year built up eight churches. He Avas several
times elected moderator of the Association, and
presided once or twice over the State Convention,
and he was State evangelist for two or three years.
More than 500 persons have been baptized by him
in Florida. It is questionable Avhether any min
ister has been more largely instrumental in build
ing up the denomination in the State to its present
condition, than Kinsey Chambers.

He is strong in the gospel, and a thorough Bap-

en A MULISH

199

CHAMPLIN

tist. lie makes no compromises. lie abounds in
charity, but it is the charity that " rejoices in the
truth." Though somewhat controversial in his
ministry, and a man of decided convictions, he is
generally beloved, and commands the respect of
those -who differ from him. He held a controversy
with a Pedolmptist minister in 1860, and after
wards had the pleasure of immersing some who
had been immersed by him. He is a conservative,
however, in reference to disputed questions in re
ligion. He is a good and useful man. whose
foot has never slipped," and who preaches by his
example. Not a spot can be found upon his char
acter. He has proved his devotion to the cause of
Christ by his labors and sacrifices. Blessed with
a good constitution, he has worked hard as a
preacher of the gospel he loves so much.

Chambliss, J. A., D.D., the able and popular
pastor of the Citadel Square church, Charleston.
S. C.. was born at Athens, (la.. Aug. (}(). 1S40. his
father, A. W. Chambliss. I). I)., being at that time
pastor of the Baptist church at Athens, and teacher
of the University Grammar School. The subject
of this sketch studied in the preparatory depart
ment of Howard College, Marion, Ala., to which
place his father had moved, until 1855, when be
entered Georgetown College. Ky., and remained
two years, returning to Marion, Avhere, in 1858,
he entered Howard College, graduating with the
first honor in 1859. In the fall of the same year
he entered the Southern Baptist Theological Semi
nary at Greenville, and was graduated alone Ilie
"first graduate in May, 1861. He professed con
version at eleven years of age, and was baptized at
Marion, Ala., by Rev. J. II. DeVotie. His convic
tions in regard to preaching became settled and
permanent when at Howard College, and God raised
up friends to enable him to complete his education
there and at the seminary, first, in Jeremiah
Brown, and then in ex-Gov. John Gill Shorter,
two of God s noblemen : both are now gone to
their reward. Graduating at the seminary in his
twenty-first year, he immediately settled as pastor
of the church at Sumter, S. C. ; but the war coming
on and bringing years full of anxiety and inter
ruptions, by calls to labor among the soldiers, he
accepted a chaplaincy in the army and resigned his
charge of the church, severing ties of the tenderest
and most loving character. In 1866 he settled for
a brief period as pastor of the Aiken, S. C.,
church, removing in 1867 to Richmond, Va., at the
call of the Second Baptist church of that city. This
pastorate continued four years, until the expres
sion, by the pastor, of opinions on the communion
question not in unison with those of the church,
led to his resignation. That the Christian love and
confidence of the church were retained by him is
evidenced by the present to him from the church,

at parting, of a purse containing nearly $1000. For
one year Mr. Chambliss taught a large classical
and English school in Richmond, preaching con
stantly in the city and vicinity. In the summer
of 1872 it became known that his views were sub
stantially in harmony with those of the denomina
tion at large, and he received several calls from
different churches. In October, 1872, he accepted
the call of the Citadel Square church, Charleston,
where he still remains. Nothing but eminent abili
ties and an unimpeachable character, added to un
tiring exertions, could have given Mr. Chambliss
the success in life he has met, and obtained for
him the love and confidence he has ever received.
Should he live he will undoubtedly take rank
among the highest in the denomination, and ac
complish results that will make his name honorable
in the annals of Christian labor. Mr. Chambliss
is gentle in manners, and is universally popular.
His churches have always been enthusiastically
attracted to him. and he seems to possess in the
highest degree the magnetic power of winning the
affections of all who come in contact with him.
As a preacher, he is simple, earnest, forcible, and
pre-eminently evangelical. There are few more
effective preachers of the simple, soul-saving truths
of the irospel.

Champlin, James Tift, D.D., was born in Col
chester, Conn., June 9. 1811. lie entered Brown
University in 1830. and graduated with the highest
honors of his class in 1834. Among his classmates
were Rev. Dr. Silas Bailey and lion. J. R. Bullock,
afterwards governor of Rhode Island. From 1835
to March, 1838. he was a tutor in the university,
at the end of which period he was invited to the
pastorate of the First Baptist church in Portland,
Me. Here he remained until the fall of 1841,
when he was called to the chair of Ancient Lan
guages in Colby University, then Waterville Col
lege. He remained in this position sixteen years,
when he was invited to assume the office of presi
dent of the college. He entered upon his duties
in this capacity in 1857, and continued in the pres
idential chair until 1872, thus making his connec
tion with the college extend over a period of thirty-
one years. The administration of Dr. Champlin
was successful in adding greatly to the resources
of the college, and increasing its facilities for giving
a thorough training to young men seeking an edu
cation, lie knew how to influence men of wealth,
and awaken in them an interest in the cause of
good learning. It was while he was president that
the name which was given to the college in its
original charter was changed to Colby University,
in honor of Gardner Colby, Esq., of Boston, a
largeJnearted benefactor of the college.

While acting as professor and president of the
college, Dr. Champlin published several text-books

C HANKY

to he used in the departments of instruction which
came under his special supervision. Among these
were an edition of Demosthenes on the Crown,"
"Demosthenes Select Orations," " .Kschines on
the Crown," " A Text-Book on Intellectual Philos
ophy," "First Principles of Ethics," "A Text-

JAMKS TII- T CHAMPLIX, D.I).

Book of Political Economy. lie has written also
for the periodical press. Soon after his resignation
he removed to Portland, where he now ( 1 X78) resides.

Chandler, Rev. Asa, a very prominent member
of the Sarepta Association. (ieorgia, and a man \vlio,
for years, stood in the front rank of IJaptist minis
ters of his -section as a pious, able, and influential
preacher. He was a strong supporter of missions and
education ; was often moderator of his Association,
and died after a lung life of great usefulness, in
which he had the loving confidence and respect of
every one in the community, lie possessed a fine
person, an open, intelligent face, with an amiable
and pleasant expression.

Chandler, George Clinton, D.D., was born

March 19. 1807, at Chester, Vt. : baptized in lXl&gt;.&gt;,
and licensed to preach in IS)]]; graduated at
[Madison University in 1835, and in 1X38, after
a three years course, at Newton; Sept. 5. ]S38,
was ordained, and soon after went to Indiana as a
home missionary, and preached one year at Terre
Haute. In 1839, he beca.ne pastor at Indianapolis,
and in 1843 was appointed president of Franklin
College. After seven years of great success as an
educator, lie was urged to go to Oregon as president
of the young Baptist college there. He crossed the
plains in 1851, and was for many years at the head

of the institution, but subsequently gave himself to
pastoral and missionary work, preaching and trav
eling over nearly all parts of the State. In 1874
he was summoned to the vacant pulpit at Dalles,
Oregon, and promptly heeded the call. In No
vember. IS74, after preaching from the words. "I
can do all things through Christ, he was listening
to the Sunday-school song. " Shall we meet beyond
the River?" when the book fell from his hands ; he
sat motionless, having been struck by paralysis.
Frmn that attack he has never recovered. In his
home, at Forest drove, he sits speechless still, appa
rently unconscious of all that is passing around
him, or of the great work he has done in his long
and useful life. Ilis family is one of the most de
votedly pious in Oregon. His oldest son, Uev. E. K.
Chandler, is a successful pastor at Rockfield. 111.

Chandler, Rev. P. B., was born in Oglethorpe
Co., (!a., -Jan. 127, IX It) : joined the church in Au
gust. 183X. Having decided that he was called to
preach, he also determined to prepare for the work,
consequently he sold out his home and farm and
went, with his wife and three children, to Mercer
University, Penfield, (la... and spent three years.
Taught two years in (ieorgia. and in November.
1X4C), migrated to Texas, where he labored for two
years as a missionary of the Home Mission Board
of the Southern Baptist Convention. For twentv-
eight years he resided in Fayette Co., Texas,
preaching to churches in Fayette, AVashington. and
Savaca Counties, serving three or four at one time.
Since 1X74 he has resided near Gatesville, Corvell
County, and preached to several churches. Has
been for some years moderator of Colorado Associa
tion, and is moderator of Leon I liver Association.
He has brought up four sons and eight daughters,
all of whom are consistent members of Baptist
churches. As a preacher, moderator of Associa
tions, vice-president of the State Convention, trus
tee of Baylor University, and in other relations of
life, he has impressed the population among whom
he has resided as few men have ever done in Texas.

Chaney, Rev. Bailey E., a pioneer Baptist
preacher of Mississippi, removed from South Caro
lina about 1790 and settled near Natchez. During
the persecution against Curtis and his companions,
Chaney concealed himself. AVhen the territory
was transferred to the United States the people
assembled in large numbers, a brush arbor was
constructed, and Bailey E. Chaney was sent for.
and while the flag of the United States floated over
him he preached the gospel of Christ unawed by
the minions of Home. In 179X he visited an
American settlement near Baton Rouge, in Louis
iana, and preached ; but being arrested, he ob
tained release by promising to preach no more.
After this he returned to Mississippi and labored
there until his death, which occurred about 1816.

CHANLER

20 [

CHArtN

Chanler, Rev. Isaac, was bovn in 1701 in
Bristol, England, and removed to South Carolina
when he was about thirty-two years of age. He
settled near Charleston, and was chosen pastor of
the church in that city, lie filled the office with
great acceptance and success till his death, which
occurred Nov. 30, 1749. He was distinguished for
his talents and for his devoted piety, lie pub
lished a work called The Doctrines of Glorious
Grace Unfolded. Defended, and Practically Im
proved," which was very highly esteemed. lie
also issued A Treatise on Original Sin" and some
minor publications.

Chapell, Rev. Frederick Leonard, the pastor
of the First Baptist church at Janesville, "Wis.,

was born in Waterford Township, adjoining the
citv of New London, Conn.. Nov. 9, 1830. His
parents were Baptists, and members of the church
in Waterford of which Kldor Darrow was for so
man}- years pastor. But his mother dying in his
infancv. he was adopted by an uncle and aunt who
were Congregationalists. He was brought up
under the religious influence of that denomina
tion, attending the ministry of the venerable Dr.
Abel McKwcn. fifty-four years pastor of the First
Congregational church of New London. He was
a member of the "Giload" Sunday-school, Water-
ford, of which Hon. Gilbert P. Haven was the
founder, and for forty years the superintendent.
Here, in this school, he laid the foundation of
what has since grown up into a solid structure of
Christian character. His religious exercises began
earlv in his childhood, but he did not obtain a hope
in Christ until he was in his sixteenth year. Now
began a struggle. His foster-parents and numer
ous friends desired that his public profession of
Christ should be made in connection with tin-
Congregational church. His convictions, after
mature and prayerful study, would not allow him
to be anything but a Baptist. Having settled the
question of dutv. his friends cordially concurring
in h .s decision, he was baptized in October, 1853,
into the Huntington Street church of New London
by the pastor, Elder Jabcz Swan. Immediately
upon his conversion, having clear convictions that
he was called to the work of the ministry, "not
consulting with flesh and blood," he began at once
a course of preparation for that work. He entered
Yale College in 1856 and graduated in 1800, and
entered llochester Theological Seminary in 1801,
graduating in the class of 1S04. He was licensed |
to preach the gospel by the "Wooster Place church of
Now Haven, of which Prof. W. C. Wilkinson was
then pastor. Upon graduating in 1804. he accepted
a call to the pastorate of the Baptist church in Mid-
dletown, 0.. and was ordained in September of that
year. Dr. Henry Harvey was the moderator of the
Council and preached the ordination sermon.
14

During his first pastorate he grew in strength as
a minister, and rapidly built up the church in
Christian usefulness and power. The church edi
fice was enlarged, improved, and refurnished at a
cost of 12,000. In the summer of 1871 he ac
cepted the urgent call of the Baptist church in
Evanston, 111., the principal suburban town of
Chicago, and entered at once upon his work in this
new field. During his pastorate here the church
rapidly grew in all the elements of healthy church
life. Many families of wealth and influence were
added to the congregation. A new church site
was secured and a new house of worship erected.
costing, with furnishing, S35;000. During Mr.
Chapell s pastorate at Evanston he took an active
part in all the denominational matters in the city
of Chicago, being a member of the boards of the
university and theological seminary, and secre
tary of the Northwestern Theological Union. He
was a leading spirit in the ministers meetings of
the citv. In July, 1878, he became pastor of the
Baptist church in Janesville, Wis. During the
sixteen years of his ministry he has preached 1501
times and conducted 1328 social meetings. lie
has served as moderator of each of the Associations
with which he has been connected. Mr. Chapell
has on several occasions been selected as one of the
lecturers before the students of the Chicago Bap
tist Theological Seminary. lie has contributed
valuable historical and philosophical articles to the
periodical literature of the day. and a series of
sermons on revivals, published by him several years
since in the fctdiulurd, created much attention. He
has a logical mind, and a special fondness for his
torical and philological investigation. He is a
clear and able expounder of the Word of God in
the pulpit, and among his people a wise and faith
ful shepherd of the flock of God.

Chapin, Rev. Nelson Elisha, is a native of

Granville, Washington Co.. N. V., whore he was
born March 10. 1815, and where he passed his
earl}- childhood and youth. His impressions that
Christ called him to preach the gospel were clear
and convincing, and early in life he gave himself
to preparation for the work of the ministry. He
pursued a course of study at Granville Academy,
N. Y., and was also a student at Meriden Academy.
N. II. He was under the instruction of Prof. lias-
call, one of the founders of Madison University.
N. Y. He was ordained in 1839 at Smithport,
McKean Co., Pa., and immediately settled as pas
tor of the Baptist church in Bradford, same county.
After serving several churches in New York and
Pennsylvania, he received, in 1845, a commission
from the Genesee Baptist Association, N. Y., to
operate as its missionary in the lead-mine district
of Wisconsin. He immediately set out on his jour
ney to his field of labor, with his wife and two chil-

CHAl LAIXK

(Iron, traveling the entire distance, about |0()0 miles,
in II KS own wagon, subjecting himself and family to
great exposure and hardship in accomplishing it.
lie bewail hi- ministrv in (irant Co.. Wis. His
field, however, covered several entire comities, and
t i reach the do/.en or more little churches of which
In was the missionary pastor, and most, of which
he had gathered, he had to travel over a circuit of
-^(} miles everv two weeks. lie was of the heroic
order ol men and of great physical endurance, or
he could not have sustained the vast strain that
came upon him in these pioneer labors. lie has
been pa-tor at Lancaster. Heaver Ham. Darlington,
A/.telan, Merton. and is now pastor at Lodi. His
ministry in \\ isoonsin covers a period of forty years,
and he is connected with the historv and growth
of the Baptist denomination in the State. For a,
br.ef period .Mr. Chapin served the Amei-ieaii Bap-
t st I nblicatioii Society as agent, and the Baptist
Theological Seminary at Chicago. The results of
his ministry can be seen all over the State in the
churches he gathered, the meeting-houses he built,
and the hundreds &gt;if converts to whom he adminis
tered the ordinance of baptism. Mr. Chapin is
known as a humble and devoted minister of
Christ, a plain and scriptural preacher of the iros-
pel. These qualities, combined with his fervent
pietvand sterling common sense, have made him
an efficient and able missionary pioneer.

Chapin, Stephen, D.D., son of Stephen and
Rachel Chapin. was born in Milford, .Mass.. Nov.
4, I77S. In JT . X he began to prepare for college,
under the instruction of the Jtev. Caleb Alexander,
of Meriden. and made such rapid progress that he
entered Cambridge University, -Mass., in -Inly. IT . 1 . ,
graduating in 1X04. I le studied theology with the
Rev. Nathaniel Emmons, Franklin, .Mass., and was
licensed to preach Oct. 10. 1S04. lie was ordained
in Hillsborough, N. II.. in .lime. 1X05, but severed
his connection with the church there in 1SOS on
account of difficulties respecting the so-called
"Half-way Covenant." and in November, ISO ,),
was installed as pastor of the church in Mount
Vcrnon, N. II. It is a fact worthy of mention
that Dr. Chapin was present as a deeply-interested
friend at the sailing of the first American mission
aries from Boston in 1811. In ISIS he was dis
missed from his connection with the church on
account of his change of views on the mode and
subjects of baptism, having been until that time a
Congregational Pedohaptist. In 1S19 he was or
dained pastor of the Baptist church in North Yar
mouth. .Me. In 1X22 he left this field of labor to
accept the professorship of Theology in AVaterville
College, Me. ; was inaugurated in August. 1X23,
and held the same until September, 1828, when he
was called to the presidency of the Columbian Col
lege, Washington. D. C. This position he resigned

in 1X41 in consequence of declining health, and died

Oct. 1. Ix4f), in the sixty-seventh year of his age.

I &gt;r. Chapin was an intelligent and interested par
ticipant in all the denominational movements of
his day. \\hen tin 1 Triennial Baptist Convention
was threatened with disruption, in consequence of
the antagonistic views of its members on the ques
tion of slavery, he did all in his power to prevent
the division which soon followed, and when the
Southern Baptist Convention was formed he was
made a delegate. alth&lt;.u-h he did not attend its
sessions. \\hen l&gt;r. Chapin entered upon the
presidency of the Columbian College a crushing
debt of upwards of $100.000 was hanging over it
and crippling its energies. He sacrificed his ease
and his health to remove this debt, and by frequent
visits to the South to collect funds, and bv the con
tribution of three vears of his own salary, he finally
succeeded in the onerous effort. Dr. Chapin had a
verv wide circle of most intimate friends. He was
personallv intimate with most of the great states
men of his dav, many of whom, like Jackson, Clay,
Calhoun. Webster, Woodbury, Mdhillie. Preston,
Van Buven. Choate, Marshall, fancy. McLean,
Mangum. were often seen at his hospitable board,
and manv of whose sons were under his personal
instruction in the college. In the ministry his
compeer.- and friends were Sharp. \\ ayland. Chap
lin, Stow. Rice, Judson. Mercer. Brantly, I ai:i:\
Semplc. Broaddus. Ryhind. Brown, and host- of
others, whom he frequently met at his own fire
side, llis whole life was marked by those traits of
character which inevitablv win the warm regard
arid most tender love of men. But little of l&gt;r.
Chapin s literary labors are left us except a few
sermons and tracts and essays, but they show us
the superior culture of his mind. Among them
are " Letters on the Modi; and Subjects of Bap
tism, a valuable discussion of the question , " The
Messiah s Victory." a discourse at the ordination
of the Rev. Samuel Cook. Kflingham. X. II.: on
the "Conversion of Mariners," "The Duty of
Living for the (iood of Posterity." a discourse de
livered in commemoration of the second centennial
of the Inndint: of the forefathers of New England;
The Superior Glory of Gospel Worship." "Moral
Education," "The Proclamation of Christ Crucified
the Delight of God." "An Inaugural Address.
delivered as president of the Columbian College;
" The Spirit of the Age," " The Design of God in
Afflicting Ministers of the Gospel." "On the Death
of Luther Rice," and an interesting letter to Presi
dent Van Buren "On the Proper Disposition of
the Smithsonian Bequest."

Chaplains in the IT. S. Navy. The corps of

chaplains in the U. S. navy is limited by law to
twenty-four. Any clergyman of unexceptionable
character is eligible to the position, provided his

CHAPLIN

203

CHA 1&gt;LIN

age does not exceed thirty-five years, and his piety,
culture, and general fitness commend him to the
President of the United States as one suitably
qualified for the position, and to the Senate, by
whose action the choice of the President is con
firmed. Chaplains are designated as " staff-officers,"
the same as those of the medical and engineer
corps, in distinction from " officers of the line,"
and rank according to seniority of service as cap
tains, commanders, lieutenant-commanders, and
lieutenants. In pursuance of the la\v governing
the retirement of commissioned officers, they are
retired from active service on reaching the age of
sixty-two years, or from disability contracted in
the service. Their duties are various, in connection
with navy-yards, hospitals, receiving- and training-
ships, and the llag-ships of the several squadrons.
The Naval Academy at Annapolis and the Xaval
Asvlum at Philadelphia furnish important fields
for the work of the chaplain. The recent intro
duction of" school- or training-ships" as an organ
ized system for training boys in order to constantly
recruit the naval service with competent and intel
ligent seamen, likewise offers a sphere of peculiar
usefulness to chaplains. In addition to his func
tions as a preacher, where men or boys are in need
0f instruction he is to select competent teachers for
this purpose, and he is held responsible fur the
faithful discharge of their duties. There are at
present five Baptist chaplains in the navy.

Chaplin, Charles Crawford, D.D., son of Hon.

"NV. 11. Chaplin, was born in Danville, Va., Sept. 22,
1831. He is the descendant of an old English
family, one of whom emigrated from England in
the latter part of the last century. He is related
to the Chaplins of New England, many of whom
are Baptist preachers. He was educated at Rich
mond College, Va.. the honors of which he was
prevented from taking because of ill health; was
converted in 1853 : entered college in 18f)4 : retired
from college in the spring of 1850, and was or
dained in Sandy Creek meeting-house, Va., Decem
ber, 1856; took charge of the Danville church im
mediately after his ordination, and retained it
until -June, 187U: took charge of Owcnsborough
church, Ky., in 1870; resigned and became pastor,
April. 1873, of the First Baptist church, Paducah,
Ky., of which he was pastor till Jan. 1, 1877, when
he settled with the First Baptist church of Austin,
Texas ; has held meetings, during which between
4000 and 5000 have been converted, 2500 of whom
have joined Baptist churches. He has written
ably for denominational periodicals. He has fre
quently presided over deliberative bodies of which
he was a member, discharging his duties with skill
and ability. The honorary degree of I). I), was
conferred on him in 1878 by Baylor and Waco
Universities. As a preacher, he ranks among the

foremost for point, impressiveness, and forcible de
livery. He has written some poetry, which has
been well received both by the secular and religious
press. He was present on the field during seven
pitched battles in the war between the States, and
ministered to many wounded and dying Federal
and Confederate soldiers. During his pastorate ;;t

CIIAKI.KS CRAWFORD CIIAIM.IN. D.O.

Danville lie was instrumental in building a par
sonage, a meeting-house, and a college edifice : at
Owensborough, a parsonage : at Paducah. in re
modeling the church edifice ; and at Austin is
likely soon to see the church edifice remodeled
and a parsonage built. The present governor and
family (1878), and many other prominent people
at the capital of Texas, are regular attendants upon
his ministry.

Chaplin, Jeremiah, D.D., was born in Rowley.
Mass., Jan. 2, 1770. The name of his birthplace
has been changed to Georgetown. \Vhen but ten
years of aire he became a Christian, and was re
ceived by baptism into the church. Like so many
eminent men in the denomination, he spent his
youth upon his father s farm, strengthening his
physical system by forming habits of inestimable
value for after-life. At the age of nineteen he en
tered Brown University, and was graduated as the
first scholar in his class in 17 M). For one year he
was tutor in tin; university, and then pursued his
theological studies under Rev. Dr. Baldwin, of
Boston. In the summer of 1802 he became the
pastor of the Baptist church in Danvers, Mass.
Besides performing with strict fidelity his work as
a minister, he gave instruction to young men look-

&lt; 1 11 AT LIN

204

ClfAI IAN

ing forward to the Christian ministry. His min
istry in Danvors continued lor fourteen years.

The reputation of l&gt;r. Chaplin as a profound
theologian and a devout Christian grew every year
of his pastorate, and when, in 1S07. it \vas proposed
to open in Watorvillo, Me.. :i sehool for theological
instruction with a view to meet the wants ot the
rUim: mini-try in the district of Maine, the atten
tion of tin friends of the enterprise was turned to
the Danvers pastor as a most suitable person to
take charge of the institution. Three years exper
iment led the trustees to decide to enlarge the
sphere of its operations, and in 1S20 a charter was
secured, and Waterville College, now Colby Uni
versity, commenced its existence, with Dr. Chaplin
as its first president, which relation IK* sustained
for thirteen years. It was a period of great toil
and self-sacrifice, and a man of loss heroic couran e
and persistency would have sunk under the heavy
burdens which he bore through all these arduous
years. The college was his idol, if he had any,
and with unceasing effort he labored for its welfare.
Under his Aviso and eflicicnt administration of its
affairs," says Prof. Conant, " the college was pro
vided Avith the necessary buildings, library, philo
sophical and chemical apparatus, and the founda
tion laid of permanent prosperity in the confidence
and attachment of its numerous friends."

!&gt;r. Chaplin resigned the presidency of the col
lege in 1833. Freed now from the weighty cares
and responsibilities which had pressed so heavily
upon him for thirteen years, he entered once more
upon the work ho so much loved, that of preacher
and pastor of a church of Christ. This service he
performed in Rowley, Mass., and at Willingtou.
Conn., for several years, lie died at Hamilton,
X. V.. May 7. 1841.

No one could be brought in contact with Dr.
Chaplin without feeling that he was worthy of the
universal respect Avhich he inspired as a scholar,
and especially as a, profound theologian. The lion.
James Brooks, AV!IO was a student under him, says
of him,

" His discourses Avere as clear, as cogent, as
irresistibly convincing as problems in Kuelid. He
indulged in little or no ornament, but pursued one
train of thought without deviation to the end. 1
attribute to him more than to any one else the
fixture in my own mind of religious truths Avhich
no subsequent reading has ever been able to shako,
and which have principally influenced my pen in
treating of all political, legal, or moral subjects,
the basis of which Avas in the principles of the
Bible." This is high praise from the accomplished
editor of the New York Evening Express.

In an appreciative notice of his venerated teacher,
Dr. Lamson thus speaks of him as a preacher:
There were none of the graces of oratory about

him. Nature had not formed him to exhibit them,
and he was far enough from aiming to do it. The

tones of his voice wen; so peculiar that tin; ear
that once heard them would rocogni/e them if
hoard the next time years afterwards and in the
most distant land. His gestures were lew and by
no means varied. And yet, though it has been my
privilege to listen to some of the most able and
some of the most popular preachers in my own de
nomination and in others, I have seldom heard the
man who could more closely confine my attention.
1 never hoard a sermon from him Avhich did not
interest me. There was the greatest evidence of
sincerity : the skeptics could not for a moment
doubt that he was uttering the honest convictions
of his own heart. There was nothing like dullness
in his pulpit services. Though his voice was so
little varied as to be monotonous, and the gestures
Avere so few and so much alike, yet there was
somehow imparted to the Avhole service an air of
animation. The style was chaste, simple, suited to
the subject, and remarkable, I should think, for its
purity. His discourses were often enlivened by
striking illustrations drawn most frequently from
the commonest relations of life, and yet so pre
sented as to fully sustain the dignity of the place
and the subject. It is striking as showing tli*
importance of this power of illustration in the
preacher, that now, at this distance of time, I can
recall some illustrations used by him. while every
other portion of the sermons of which they are a
part, is irrevocably lost."
Chaplin, Jeremiah, Jr., D.D., was born in

Danvers, Mass., March 22, 1813. and was a gradu
ate of Waterville College in the class of 1S33. He
was settled in Bangor, Me., as pastor of the First
Baptist church, his service there commencing in
December. 1841. His subsequent settlements were
in Norwalk. Conn., and Dedham and Newton. Mass.
For quite a number of years he has devoted him
self to authorship, and has written " Memorial
Hour, "Life of President Punster/ "Life of
Charles Sumnor." " Life of Benjamin Franklin."
lie has also compiled " Riches of Bunyan," and has
! now in preparation a Life of Galen." He has
also written for the Christian Rcriew and Baptist
Qtnirfrrli/. and for the leading Baptist papers of the
North.

Dr. Chaplin received the degree of Doctor of
Divinity from Colby University, of Avhich he Avas
a trustee from 1843 to 1849. in 1857. His present
residence is in Boston.

Chaplin, John O Brien, Avas born in Danvers,
Mass., March 31, 1807. He Avas the eldest son of
President Chaplin. He pursued his preparatory
studies under the direction of students of Water
ville College, Avhere he graduated in 1825. He had
charge of the Latin Preparatory School connected

CHARLTOX

CHASE

with the college not far from two years, when he
was chosen tutor, and subsequently Professor of
the Latin and English Languages and Literature,
which oflice he held for one year. Upon the
resignation of his father as president of the college,
Prof. Chaplin also left Waterville, and accepted an
appointment as Professor of Greek and Latin in
Columbian College, D. C. His connection with the
college continued for ten years, from 1833 to J843.
when ill health compelled him to resign. For
several years he continued his residence in Wash
ington, giving occasional instruction, as his strength
permitted, in the college, with which he had been
connected so many years, lie came North about
1850, and made his home with his brother, llev.
A. J. Chaplin, and his brothers-in-law. Drs. 1?. F.
Bronson and T. J. Conant. lie was an invalid for
several years, and was incapable of assuming much
responsibility or performing much labor. Prof.
Chaplin was a ripe, accomplished scholar. We are
told that a memory remarkably retentive to the
last" made him ready master of his rich and varied
learning. He is said to have been a most able
and skillful critic of style; and his friends have
deeply regretted that he did not leave to the world,
as an essayist, some fruits of his remarkable knowl
edge and critical acumen, lint, diffident in temper
ament, fastidious in taste, possessed by lofty ideals,
abstracted in mind and enfeebled in body, his class
room instructions, his conversation, and private
letters gave only to his personal friends and pupils
evidence of his real intellectual capacity and power.
And a life blameless, devout, and tenderly religious
was clouded by a mental gloom which he inherited
from his distinguished father, arid which was
greatly aggravated by disease. Prof. Chaplin died
at Conway, Mass., Dec. 2 2. 1872.

Charltoil, Rev. Frederick, was born in Con
necticut in 1S22 ; converted at the age of sixteen.
and baptized at eighteen ; he consecrated himself
to the ministry ; graduated at Madison University ;
was pastor three years at Webster, Mass., five years
at Wilmington, Del., and then entered the service
of the American Baptist Publication Society, in
which he continued two years. In 1800 he re
moved to Sacramento, Cal., and was pastor of the
church in that city until the time of his death, Aug.
9, 1871. He was a man of stern principle, cour
teous, generous, scholarly, and eloquent. His ser
mons were always thoroughly studied, and de
livered without notes. His pastorates were all
blessed with large revivals ; and in his pastoral
work he reaped the fruit by educating the converts
to active church work. The church at Sacramento
was one of the largest and most influential in Cali
fornia.

Chase, Irah, L.D., was born in Stratton, Vt.,
Oct. 5, 1793. His early years were spent on his

father s farm, but he had no tastes for agricultural
pursuits, and was. indeed, entirely unfitted for
them, on account of the delicacy of his health.
His love for learning early developed itself, and led
to his preparation to enter upon a liberal course of
study. In 1811 he became a member of the Soph
omore class in Middlebury College. Yt. Amonji
his classmates were the well-known missionaries
of the American Board of Commissioners for For
eign Missions. Pliny Fisk and Levi Parsons, and
the scholarly translator of Ilengstenberg s Cliris-
tology." During his Junior year he gave his heart
to Christ, and henceforth devoted himself to the
advancement of his kingdom. Soon after leaving
college he went to Andover. there being no theo
logical seminary among the Baptists in which to
pursue his studies. lie was the only representative
of his denomination in the institution, but he was
always treated courteously. " My experience," he
says. " was an exemplification of the possibility of
much Christian communion, without communion
in baptism and the Lord s Supper."

IKAII CHASE. ]&gt;.!&gt;.

Having been ordained as an evangelist, he de
voted some time to missionary work in Western
Virginia. While thus occupied lie was solicited by
the Rev. Dr. Staughton to unite with him in open
ing a theological school in Philadelphia. When a
transfer of this school was made to Washington,
he went with it, and was connected with it for seven
years. At the end of this period there seemed to
be a call in Providence for him to remove to some
other locality, and the cloud which, as he thought,
led his footsteps, at last rested over Newton. Here

CIIAHK

he began his work N ov. 2S, IS Jf). It was "the
day of small things." and the foundations of what
has come to lie so nolile and so useful an institution I
were laid with many prayers, and a faith which ;
was ; the substance of tilings hoped for, the evi
dence of things not seen." In those early days,
however, there were a few friends, like Xathaniel
II. Cobb and Levi Farwrll. who pledged themselves,
out of love to Christ and his cause, to stand by its
fortunes so long as it was in their power to help
forward its interests. The strong, long-cherished
desire of Prof. Chase was to be a teacher of strictly
Biblical theology. to pursue a strictly Baconian
method of ascertaining exactly what the Holy Scrip
tures teach, and from the knowledge thus obtained
to construct his system of theology. Twenty years
of iiis life were spent at Xewtou. How he toiled, i
what sacrifices he made, with what enthusiasm he
engaged in his work -. how careful and painstaking
he was in learning the precise meaning of the
Scriptures bv the diligent study of the languages
in which they were written ; how he encouraged
desponding students, and by his cheering words
poured new life into many a depressed spirit ; how
his prayers and his benedictions followed the young-
men as they went forth from under the training of
his careful hand to become the teachers of religion
and the guides of the church. these are things
which only the revelations of eternity will disclose.
The denomination owes to him a debt which it can
never pay. lie believed in a. properly-educated
ministry. It was his conviction that no denomina
tion of Christians had a right to think it could get
a strong hold on any intelligent community and
retain that hold until it had in its ranks cultivated
men. " apt to teach," and train up the disciples
of Christ in knowledge and holy living. lie did
his part in securing for the Baptist churches such
an order of men, and if we should mention the
names of some of those who came under his in
structions wo should find them among the bright
lights of the denomination.

On ending his relation with the Newton Theo
logical Institution. Prof. Chase removed to Boston,
and became a member of Dr. Sharp s church. It
was here that the writer of this sketch was brought
into intimate relations with him as his pastor.
Often did he speak the word of encouragement to
him when weighed down bv the cares and burdens
of a city minister s life.

Prof. Chase, by personal observation, made him
self acquainted with the gifted men in the Old
World whose lines of thought and study were in
the direction of his own. He spent several months
of the year 1823 at Halle and Leipsic. He also
heard the lectures of distinguished professors at
Gb ttingen. Tie studied out the history and the
church polity of the Mennonites. bv going directly

to the sources of knowledge respecting that inter
esting class of Christians, and subsequently gave
the results of his investigations in a published
article on that subject. Whether working at home
or abroad in his favorite profession, he spared no
pains in obtaining information, and none in giving
to the -world fairly and truthfully the knowledge;
he had obtained. It would be a wonder indeed to
find him making a loose and unreliable statement
of any doctrine, or opinion, or fact which he had
made a matter of special investigation. If Prof.
Chase had not the magnetic power of Moses Stuart,
who seemed to arouse and electrify his classes as if
with the wand of a magician, and when thus ex
cited would quite boldly assert as truth what after
wards he was compelled to modify, he had what, as
a Biblical teacher, was better worth possessing, tin-
will to investigate patiently, and the honesty to
state exactly what he had discovered. In many
respects he was a model teacher of theology, to a
class of inquiring minds who were desirous of
knowing with precision, what they were to commu
nicate as teachers of God s Word from the sacred
desk.

Prof. Chase s useful life closed amid the scenes
he so much loved at Newton, Nov. 1, 18l&gt;4. His
remains were laid away in the beautiful cemetery
of his village home.

Chase, E-CV. Supply, was born in G nil ford. Vt.,
Sept. 30. 1800. Ills parents removed soon after to
Tully. Onondaga Co.. N. Y., and here their son
grew to manhood, eagerly desiring a better educa
tion than seemed within his reach, but studying as
best he could. lie taught school for several years,
and had a special fondness for military life. At
the age of thirty-one he was colonel of the f&gt;2d
Regiment of New York State troops. lie became a
disciple of Christ in 1831. and was baptized .July 3.
in Tullv. Immediately after joining the church
he was summoned by its great Head to work in
the gospel ministry, but he disregarded the call
for several years. lie preached for the first time
March 1. 1S35, and was ordained Nov. 10. 1S35.
In February following he was commissioned by the
American Baptist Home Mission Society to preach
in Pontiac. Mich., but reaching that place in May
he found another man engaged as pastor, and there
fore he turned to Mount Clemens, lie was pastor
successively in Mount Clemens, Mount Pleasant,
Washington, Stony Creek. Borneo. Northville. and
in the Second church. Detroit. Between the two
pastorates last named he served the American
Baptist Publication Society three years, and en-
i;a&lt;:ed in work as an evangelist three years. Since
reaching the age of seventy-three years he has not
been a pastor, but has been supplying destitute
churches and laboring in protracted meetings. His
residence is Detroit. During his ministry he has

CHKNEY

enjoyed many seasons of revival. lie was one of
the original members of the Baptist Convention of
the State of Michigan.
Chaudoin, Rev. W. N. William Xowell Chau-

doin is of French descent on his father s side, be
ing great-grandson of Francis Chaudoin, a Hugue
not, who brought the name to this continent. His
father and grandfather, and some of his more re
mote relatives, were Baptist ministers. Mr. Chau
doin was born in Robertson Co.. Term., Aug. 10,
182 ( J ; was converted in his sixteenth year, and
baptized by Rev. William F. Luck, in Davidson
Co.. Tenn. Two vcars alter he commenced to
preach, and was ordained bv W. S. Baldry, W. J&gt;.
Baldwin, and William Brumberlow. in Davidson

RF.V. \v. x. rn \rnoiN.

County. While laboring in Xasbville. Tenn., he
contracted a cough that has baffled all efforts to
cure. This led to his removal to the State of
Georgia, in 1X57, and also to his leaving the pasto
rate, in iSli l. and entering as missionary agent, the
service of the Home Mission Board, then called the
Domestic Mission Board of the Southern Baptist
Convention. In that capacity he has labored partly
in Florida each year since 1872. and now his labors
are nearly all in that State, as a missionary and
as editor of the Florida department of the Christian
Index, of Georgia.

Cheever, Daniel. Sept. 1. 18f&gt;8, Daniel Cheever
died at Delavan, 111., in the eighty-ninth year of
his age. lie was born at Wrcntham, Mass., Dec.
20, 1769. Though educated a Congregationalist,
he was led, upon bis conversion at the age of nine
teen, by personal study of the Scriptures to adopt

Baptist views, and presenting himself to the North
Attleborough Baptist church, he was received and
baptized. He removed to Illinois in lS."i7. uniting
with the Delavan Baptist church in Ta/.ewell
County, of which he remained a member until
his death. For sixty-nine years he had walked
with God as a faithful member of a Christian
church.

Cheney, David Batchelder, D.D. Since en
tering fully upon the active duties of the ministry
in 1S48. a period of thirty-seven years. Dr. Cheney
has had a career of signal activity and usefulness.
We regret that, as in other cases, onlv a brief out
line of it can be n iven here. He was born in
Southbridge, Mass., June S, 1820, and spent his
childhood and early youth upon his father s farm.
lie was baptized May 20. 183G. by the late Dr-
J. G. Binney, to whom also in his earlier Chris
tian life he was greatly indebted. Simultaneously
with his conversion came the conviction that he
must preach the gospel, and with this view he began
a course of study, in prosecuting which he was
dependent entirely upon such resources as he could
command by efforts of his own. Under the strain
his health began to suffer. After six years spent
in the Worcester and Shelburne Falls Academies,
and in Amherst College, he decided to prosecute;
what remained of needful study in connection with
his ministerial work. He began preaching when
onlv nineteen or twenty years of age, but was or
dained at the age of about twenty-three, October,
184. 5, at Mansfield, Conn. His mind was already
turned towards the West, so that he hardly con
sidered himself a pastor at Mansfield, though he
spent two fruitful years with that people: the
house of worship was rebuilt, the congregation
greatly increased, while the benevolent contribu
tions of the church were enlarged some twenty-
fold. Near the close of the second year he was
called to two open fields, but as bis thoughts were
still towards the West he hesitated to accept either.
At length he decided for Greenville, a part of Nor
wich, Conn., where a church was to be organized
and a house of worship built. A church was ac
cordingly soon formed, with 100 members, and the
new house built. A precious revival began before
the house was complete, and upon the dedication
of the new sanctuary the congregation so increased
that very soon the house was filled from pulpit to
door. Between 30 and 40 were baptized as the
fruit of the revival.

The interest in Western work, however, remained
unabated, and correspondence with the b^ard in
New York, and a visit to Columbus, ()., resulting
in a call from the church in the last-named city,
with aid towards his support from the Home Mis
sion treasury, he removed to Columbus in April,
1847. The pastorate here was a remarkable one.

CHKXKY

CHICAGO

The church as lie found it numbered some 200
members, but was poor and heavily in debt. At
the end of five and a half years the church had
become one of the largest and most efficient in the
State, its available financial strength having in
creased fifteen-fold. Three years of the period
named were cholera years. Mr. Cheney remained
at his post while, especially in the first of the three
years, every other Protestant pastor left the city.
His labors among the sick and the dying and in
attendance upon funerals were constant. The first
year was passed by himself and family in safety,
but in the second his wife died of the terrible dis
ease, and himself and two children were attacked
and barely escaped with life. The result was
broken health, and the assurance on the part of his
physicians that a change of residence had become
imperative. A second attack of cholera left no
alternative, and accepting one of the various calls
which lie had before him, he removed to Philadel
phia and became pastor of the Eleventh Baptist
church in that city, entering upon his duties there
Nov. 15, 1852. Here he remained until 1859.
Three of the seven years were blessed by an almost
constant revival of religion. While here, also, the
marked executive ability which he was known to
possess led to the offer successively of the secretary
ship of the Missionary Union, the American and
Foreign Bible Society, the Home Mission Society,
and the Publication Society. The last was offered
him in the year 1856, the post having fallen vacant
in the middle of the year; he served for the latter
half of the year, writing the Annual Report, but,
declining further service, surrendered the place to
the present able secretary, whom he had the pleas
ure of introducing to the office he has filled so
long and so successfully. While in Philadelphia,
also, he took a leading part in the work of minis
terial education, being made secretary of the Penn
sylvania Education Society soon after his resi
dence in the State began, and continuing in that
office till his removal to San Francisco, in July,
1S59.

In San Francisco Mr. Cheney remained eight
years. He then returned East, accepting the pas
torate of the Central Square church in Boston.
His pastorate here had a duration of three years
and a half, lie found a church of 267 members,
and left it with one of 484, 233 of the additions
having been by baptism. The house of worship,
which had been destroyed by fire, was also in the
mean time rebuilt. During the last two years of
his stay in Boston Mr. Cheney served on the Ex
ecutive Committee of the Missionary Union. In
April, 1874, he removed to Chicago, as pastor of the
Fourth church, formed by the union of the Ashland
Avenue and Union Park churches. This union,
consummated as the result of his coming, restored

strength where there had been feebleness, and in
augurated a pastorate of great value not only to
the church but to the denomination. After some
four years of service here he accepted the call of
the First Baptist church in Elgin. 111., where he is
still the useful and valued pastor.

Mr. Cheney has served upon boards of trustees.
missionary and educational, during many years.
While in Ohio he was one of the trustees of Gran-
ville University; in California, of the State Uni
versity, the presidency of which was also offered
him. In Illinois, almost from the time of his ar-
rival in the State, he has been called to similar
service on the boards of the theological seminary
and the university at Chicago. The boards of
home and foreign missions, and others, have also
had his service. In these positions he never fails
to take a leading part, and to command for his
opinions and measures the confidence of his asso
ciates.

Chessman, Rev. Daniel, was born in Boston,
July If), 1787. and was baptized by Rev. Dr. Bald
win, Oct. 30, 1803. Believing himself called of
God to preach the gospel, he entered Brown Uni
versity in 1807 to prepare himself for his future
work. While pursuing his studies he was not idle
in his Master s cause. In connection with two or
three other students he laid the foundations of what.
until recently, was the Third Baptist church in
Providence, now a constituent part of the Union
church. lie graduated in 181 1. For a short time
he was inclined to study law, but prayerful con
sideration brought him to the conclusion that in
the ministry he could best glorify God and benefit
the souls of his fellow-men. lie was licensed by
his church July 5, 1812, and not long after was
ordained and settled as pastor of the church in
Warren. R. 1., where he remained two years, and
then accepted a call to llallowell. Me. Here he
was pastor for nine years. From llallowell he
went to Lynn, Mass., where he spent four years,
and then became pastor of the church in Barn-
stable. Mass., where he died May 21. 1839.

Mr. Chessman was a much more; than ordinary
preacher. Easy and graceful in his manner, with
a ready utterance, and sincere interest in his work,
he commanded and secured the love and respect
of the churches and congregations to which he
ministered.

Chicago, Baptist Churches in. Near the end
of May, in the year 1867. at the annual meeting
for that year of the Homo Mission Society of the
Baptist denomination of the United States, held in
Chicago, the president of the society, Hon. J. M.
Hoyt, of Cleveland, in his opening address, said,
"In September, 1833, the Pottawattomies, 7000
strong, were assembled here where we are now
convened. Here they deliberated, and finally,

CHICAGO

through the agency of their chiefs, formally ceded
the territory of Illinois and the site of the city of
Chicago to the United States government. Having
done this they passed on to the Mississippi. Im
mediately the American Baptist Home Mission
Society detailed a Freeman (Rev. Allen B. Free
man) to stand as sentinel at this post.

The attention of the secretary of the society,
I)r. Jonathan Going, had been called to this point
in a letter to Rev. C. G. Sommers. of New York,
by Dr. John T. Temple, then a resident here, and
a member of the Baptist denomination. We
have no servant of the Lord Jesus Christ," writes
Dr. Temple, "to proclaim the glad tidings of sal
vation. I write to beg you will see Dr. Going, and
ask that a young man of first-rate talent, whose
whole heart is in the cause of Christ, may be sent
out immediately, before the ground shall be occu
pied by some other organization. I will myself
become responsible for 200 per annum for such a
missionary." This passage in Dr. Temple s letter
was sent by Dr. Going to Allen B. Freeman, a
young man who was then just finishing his studies
at what is now Madison University, in Hamilton,
N. Y. Mr. Freeman was the son of Rev. Rufus
B. Freeman, an esteemed Baptist minister of Cen
tral New York, described to l&gt;r. Temple by Dr.
Going as u a talented, pious, and efficient man."
Such he proved himself to be even in the brief
period of the ministry performed by him as a mis
sionary of the society at Chicago. He arrived at
Chicago in August. 1*33, finding a home with Dr.
Temple, and entering at once upon earnest and
diligent labor, not only in preaching, but " from
house to house." Measures were almost immedi
ately taken for the erection of a house of worship.
"It was." says Cyrus Bentley, Esq., in his "His- !
tory of the First Baptist Church," "an humble
edifice, designed both as a place of religious wor
ship and as a school-house, and cost when com
pleted the sum of StiOO, Si 50 of which was in
arrears, and remained as a debt upon the prop
erty."

Ocr. 19, 1833. a church of 15 members was
organized, the First Baptist church of Chicago
and the first Baptist church in the whole north- ;
western region north of Peoria, save one, the
church at Plainfield having come into existence a
few months earlier.

Mr. Freeman continued in service only one year
and a half. In December, 1834, while upon one
of his itinerating tours, having administered the
rite of baptism at Bristol, in the Fox River, as he
was returning homeward his horse gave out, and
much of the journey had to be made on foot, amidst
inclement weather and great exposure. The con
sequence was a fever, of which he died Dec. 15,
1834. His last words were, " Tell my revered

father that I die at my post and in my Master s
[ work."

These were the beginnings of Baptist history in
I Chicago. Subsequent events must be noticed less
in detail. Mr. Freeman was succeeded, in 1S35, by
Rev. I. T. Hinton. After him came Ilev. C. F&gt;.
Smith, in 1X42. In 1843. Rev. E. II. llamlin be
came pastor, and in October. 1845, Rev. Miles San-
ford. After some two years of service he also
resigned, and for fourteen months following Rev.
Luther Stone, editor of the Watchman of the / ////-
ries, served as acting pastor. In September, 1S4S,
Rev. Elisha Tucker, D.D., became pastor, contin
uing in service until 1851, Avhen he resigned, the
pulpit remaining vacant until October, 1852, when
Rev. John C. Burroughs became pastor. Almost
immediately upon the commencement of his labors
the house of worship, which had been built in
1843. under the pastorate of Rev. E. 11. llamlin,
was burned. Measures were taken at once for the
rebuilding; the corner-stone was laid July 4, 1853,
and the house dedicated November 12 following.
In 1 85l). Mr. Burroughs resigned, and Dr. \V. G.
Howard, of Rochester, was called to the pastorate.
He was succeeded, in 1859. by Dr. W. W. Everts,
and lie, in 1879, by Dr. Geo. C. Lorimer, the present
pastor.

The second Baptist church in order of time in
Chicago was the Tabernacle church, composed of
32 members of the First church, who left that body
in 1842. and organi/ed upon the; west side of the
river. This church was served by successive pas
tors, among others Rev. Lewis Raymond, Rev.
Archibald Kenyon. Rev. J. K. Kennev, and Rev.
Nathaniel Calver. D. D.. until the year 18( 4, when
an important change took place, affecting favorably
the situation of all the Baptist churches in the
city. In that year the First church sold its prop
erty at the corner of La Salle and Washington
Streets to the Chamber of Commerce, receiving
for it the sum of $65,000. Of this sum such a use
was made as should be helpful to the other churches
of the city. The house, built, as we have said, in
1853, was given to such members of the church as
should unite with the Tabernacle church upon the
west side of the river, with a location more favor
able, the resulting organization to be called the
Second Baptist church of Chicago. It was accord
ingly taken down, removed to the west side, and
there re-erected at the corner of Morgan and Mon
roe Streets. In the union of the Tabernacle church
with members of the First church living on the
west side of the river a strong, efficient church
was formed. The removal and rebuilding of the
house cost some 20,000. Rev. E. J. Goodspeed,
of Janesville, was called to the pastorate, and years
of signal Christian activity, growth, and prosperity
followed. Dr. Goodspeed, in the later years of his

FIRST I .U TIST CHURCH, CHICAGO.

CHICAGO

211

&lt; 11 1C AGO

pastorate, was assisted by his brother, Rev. T. W.
Goodspeed. Upon the termination of their joint
pastorate, occasioned by the failing health of the
senior pastor, Dr. Galusha Anderson, of Brooklyn,
was called. lie was succeeded by Dr. -John Pod-
die, of Philadelphia. Dr. IVddie having accepted
a call to the pastorate of the First Baptist church
in Xew York City, was succeeded by the Rev. :
\V. M. Lawrence, of Philadelphia.

The third Baptist church in order of time in
Chicago was the Edina Place, organized by mem
bers of the First church, by whom a house of wor
ship was built at the corner of Edina Place and
Harrison Street. Rev. Robert Boyd was called as
the first pastor. Under his remarkable ministry
the church enjoyed great prosperity. A better
location was found for it in due time at the corner
of W abash Avenue and Eighteenth Street; sub
sequently it removed to Michigan Avenue and
Twenty-third Street, erecting there a fine house of
worship and changing its name to the Michigan
Avenue Baptist church. The successive pastors
have been Robert Boyd, D.D., E. G. Taylor, D.D..
Samuel Baker, D.D.. Jesse B. Thomas. D.D.. Rev. !
F. M. Ellis, J. W. Custis, D.D.. and Rev. James ;
Patterson. Rev. K. B. Tapper is the acting pastor
at present.

Union Park Baptist church was the fourth in
order of date organi/ed in Chicago. This took
pluce in September, 1856. the location chosen
being near Union Park. Rev. A. J. Joslvn was
the first pastor. After him came Rev. J. S. Mahan,
E. G. Taylor. D.D., Rev. Florence McCarthy. D. B!
Cheney, D.D., and E. B. Hulbert, D.I)., the last
named being still in service. The house of worship
now occupied the second built bv the church in
the course of its history stands at the corner of
West Washington and Paulina Streets. The name
of the church has been changed to the Fourth Bap
tist church of Chicago.

In November, 1857, the North Baptist church
was organi/ed. under the ministry of Rev. J. A.
Smith, of the M&lt;nn/&lt;n-&lt;f. The place of meeting
was at first the lecture-room of Rush Medical Col
lege, on the north side of the river. Tu the follow
ing spring and summer a house of worship was built
at the corner of Ohio and Dearborn Streets. The
church having become sufficiently strong to sustain
a pastor, Mr. Smith resigned, and Dr. S. W. l,ynd
was called. He was succeeded by Rev. A. II. Strong.
now president of the Rochester Theological Sem
inary, and he by Rev. A. A. Kendrick. now presi
dent of Shurtleif College. Mr. Kendrick was suc
ceeded by Reuben Jeffrey, D.D.. and he by Rev. 0.
T. Walker. In the great fire of 1871 the house of
worship of the church a new edifice upon Chicago
Avenue, purchased from a Unitarian church was
destroyed, and the organization broken up. The

ground it had held remained mostly unoccupied
until the organization of the Central church by
Rev. E. O. Taylor in 1877. This prosperous society
may be regarded as the successor of the North
church, and as continuing its history.

The North Star Baptist church is also upon the
north side of the river, at the corner of Division
and Sedgwick Streets. It began as a mission of
the First church, established in I860. A property
was there acquired at a cost of some $3(1.000, con
sisting of a chapel and parsonage. These were de
stroyed by tin 1 fire of 1871. hut rebuilt, through the
efforts of Dr. Everts. The mission became a church
in 1X70, Rev. Goo. L. Wrenn being its first pastor.
After a service of five years IK; was succeeded by
Rev. E. R. Pierce. After him came Rev. J. M.
Whitohead, who was succeeded by Rev. R. P. Al
lison, and he by Rev. Joseph Rowley, the present
pastor.

The Indiana Avenue Baptist church, at the cor
ner of Indiana Avenue and Thirtieth Street, in the
south part of the city, was organized in 1864. It
grew out of a mission founded there by the First
church in 186M, a neat house of worship being
erected in that year upon lots donated for the pur
pose. The organization of a church occurred in
the year following. J. A. Smith. D.D., served as
pastor five years. lie was followed by M. S. Rid
dle. D.D., to whom succeeded Rev. F. D. Kickerson.
followed by Rev. W. W. Kverts, Jr. Upon the re
moval of the First church to the corner of South
Park Avenue and Thirty-first Street, in 1875. the
Indiana Avenue church was dissolved, and its
members united with the First church.

Near the close of 1868 the University Place
church was organized in the chapel of the univer
sity, being composed of members of the Indiana
Avenue and First churches living in that vicinity.
J. A. Smith, D.D.. served as the first pastor, being
followed by Wm. Hague, D. D.. who was succeeded
as acting pastor by J. B. Jackson. D.D.. and he by
Rev. A. J. Frost, now of California. A. Owen,
D.D.. came next, who was succeeded by Rev. J. T.
Biirhoe. the present pastor. The house of worship
built by the church stands on Thirty-fifth Street
near Rhodes Avenue.

The Western Avenue church, on the west side
of the river. Avas organized in 1861). Its first pas
tor, Rev. John Gordon, was signally successful in
building up the church to a strong and independent
position. The present pastor. Rev. C. Perrin, is
also much prospered in his work. Other churches
in the vicinity are the Centennial, organized in
1875; Coventry Street, 1870; South church. 1867;
Central. 1X77: Olivet (colored). 1X5. 5 : Providence
(colored). 1871 : Dearborn Street, 1X75; Twenty-
fifth Street : with a Danish, a Swedish, and a Ger
man. Mention should also be made of the Taber-

ClIH AdO

CHICAGO

nacle. conducted by Mr. B. I 1 . -Jacobs, and various
missions in different parts of the city, sustained by
the several churches.

Chicago, Baptist Union Theological Sem
inary at. About the year 1S60 a conviction had
become quite ireneral in various parts of the North
western States that provision should be made at
si niie suitable point west of the lakes for distinctively
theological education. The University of Chicago
had been recently established, and was already
giving promise of permanent growth and power.
Colleges of considerably older date existed in other
parts of the West, and were acquiring financial in
dependence and literary reputation. For theological
education, however, the West was wholly dependent
upon the East. It was felt that an institution more

logical centre for the Northwest, as also its com
mercial and literary centre, is at Chicago, and also
that if they were right in this, they must be equally
justified in their confidence that, planted thus at
the true centre, the institution would make its own
wav. Accordingly a meeting was called by the
three; brethren who decided to assume this respon
sibility, viz., W. W. Kverts, .). 15. Olcott. and ).
A. Smith, to be held at the First Baptist church in
Chicago. This took place in the year ISCdl. But
few were present, yet it was decided there to or
ganize the Baptist Theological Union for the North
west, which was accordingly done. OfKcers were
chosen, and a committee appointed to report a con
stitution at a meeting to be held in the following
year. At the meeting in 1S&lt;&gt;1 other members were

CIIICACO BAI TIST I MON TH ICOI.OG K A I, SKMINAUV.

easily accessible, and in which the Western min
istry could have a Western theological training, was
becoming indispensable. In the year 1S59 a con
vention of delegates representing the denomination
in several Northwestern States was held at Chicago
for the consideration of this subject. No result was
reached, further than to make it clear that while a
conviction of the need referred to was unanimous,
there were decided, and possibly irreconcilable dif
ferences of opinion as to the point at which to locate
the proposed theological seminary, should one be
decided upon.

In view of these facts, a few brethren in Chicago
decided to take the responsibility of tin initiative ;
influenced by the persuasion that the true theo-

received, and further preliminary steps taken. The
organization, however, was not perfected until the
meeting held Aug. 13, 1863. A constitution was
then adopted and officers chosen ; Hon. Richard S.
Thomas being made President, Rev. Luther Stone,
Secretary, and Edward Goodman, Esq., Treasurer.
The charter of incorporation was given, by act of
the Illinois Legislature, Feb. 16, 1865.

As appears by this recital, the steps of progress
were slow. Care was exercised that no measure
should be premature ; that the enterprise should
vest, for its growth, upon an increasing conviction
of its necessity in the denomination to which it
must look for the means of success. Strenuous
effort was made. also, at this time in behalf of the