Til K
OF
THE DOCTRINES, ORDINANCES, USAGES, CONFESSIONS OF FAITH,
SUFFERINGS, LABORS, AX I) SUCCESSES, AND OF THE
GENERAL HISTORY OF THE
BAPTIST DENOMINATION IN ALL LANDS.
WITH
NUMEROUS BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF DISTINGUISHED AMERICAN AND
FOREIGN BAPTISTS, AND A SUPPLEMENT.
KDITKI) 1JV
WILLIAM OATHCART, D.D.,
AUTHOII OP "THE PAI-AI. SYSTEM, "THE BAPTISTS AND THE AMEIUCAN REVOU TION," AND
"THE BAPTISM OK THE AGES."
I T 11 M A X V I L L I S T 11 A T T () N S.
V II I L A D E L P H I A :
LOUIS II. EVERTS.
1881.
Copyright, 1880, by Louis 1L EVKHTS.
KRISHNA PAL
667
baptismal waters by Dr. Carey ; he had courage and
faith to stand alone in renouncing the abomina
tions of his countrymen in the presence of his
kindred. He was born about 1764, at Chanderna-
gore, Bengal.
Krishna was by trade a carpenter ; and in
listening to a discourse on the folly of idolatry and
the great truths of Christianity, he became deeply
affected and shed tears. lie visited the mission
aries so;>n after for religious instruction, and re
ceived with great eagerness the truths which they
communicated. Soon he felt that he had put his
trust; in Jesus, and that he was a Christian. He
then requested baptism, and laid aside openly his
allegiance to idolatry. He sat down at the table
of the missionaries in presence of their Hindoo
servants, and by this act renounced caste. The
news spread rapidly, and soon Krishna was be
sieged by a mob of 2000 persons, who poured out
torrents of maledictions upon him, and then dragged
him to the magistrate, who immediately released
him and commended him for the piety of his course,
and commanded the mob to disperse. The magis
trate placed a Sepoy at Krishna s house to guard
him, and offered armed protection to the mission
aries during the celebration of the rite of baptism.
The immersion occurred in the Ganges, on the 28th
of December, 1800. Mr. Carey walked to the river
from the chapel with his eldest son, Felix, on one
side, and Krishna on the other. At the landing
there were gathered the governor and a number of
Europeans, and a great throng of Hindoos and
Mohammedans. Mr. Ward preached a sermon in
English from John v. 39, " Search the Scriptures."
Dr. Carey delivered an address in Bengali after
a Bengali translation of the hymn was sung,
" Jesus, and shall it ever be,
A mortal r lau ashamed of thee 2"
Then he baptized Felix Carey and Krishna amid
profound silence and deep solemnity. Krishna
was the tirst baptized convert after seven years of
labor. Krishna the same day partook of the Lord s
Supper, and he enjoyed an unusual measure of the
love of God as he waited upon Him in both ordi
nances. For more than twenty years Krishna Pal
preached the blessed gospel to his countrymen with
great success and ability. He led a holy life and he
possessed a strong faith, and when he came to the end
of his earthly journey his heart was full of peace,
and of the light of a bright hope of immediate en
trance into heaven. A European who was present
at his dying couch says, u I myself witnessed the
last moments of Krishna, and heard his aged and
quivering lips speak of the prcciousness of Christ."
Krishna composed the beautiful hymn from which
the following stanzas are taken :
"O thou my soul, forget no more
The Friend who all thy misery bore;
Let every idol lie forgot,
But, my soul, forget Him not.
" Jesus for thee a body takes ;
Thy guilt assumes, thy fetters breaks,
Discharging all thy dreadful debt;
And canst thou e er such love forget ?"
Klltchin, Rev. T. T., was born in Philadelphia,
Pa., Nov. 5, 1815, died at Dartmouth, Wis., Aug. 7,
1877. He entered the ministry at New Britain,
Pa., at the age of twenty-one, and at once became
popular as a preacher. He came to Wisconsin in
1855. For many years he was the editor of the
Milwaukee Sentinel, and subsequently of the Fon
du Lac Commonwealth. He was distinguished for
remarkable intellectual power united with great
kindness of heart. His two sons are esteemed
ministers of the gospel, occupying important pul
pits in the State.
L.
La Grange College was chartered in 1859, and
a commodious brick building was erected, 90 by 70
feet, which was finished in 1866. It had superior
chemical and philosophical apparatus when J. F.
Cook, LL.D., became president. Both sexes are
admitted to this institution. In the fourteen years
of his presidency there have been more than
two thousand matriculations, and among the num
ber about sixty students for the ministry. Nearly
$15,000 have been raised for improvements and
for the removal of debts during the administration
of Dr. Cook. One hundred and fifty children of
ministers have been gratuitously educated in La
Grange. Dr. Sawyer is now vice-president of the
institution. It has eleven able instructors, who
render excellent service, as the character of their
graduates testifies. This college is beautifully lo
cated on the bluffs of the Mississippi, one hundred
and thirty-seven miles north of St. Louis. (See
page 668.)
Lailey, Thomas, was born Aug. 29, 1820, in
the parish of Poplar, London, England. When
LAIN
LAM A II
quite young he came with his parents t > Camilla.
He owns the largest wholesale house in his business
in the province of Ontario. He united, by baptism,
with the Bond Street church, Toronto, in 1< S 4 .I. In
ISO" lie, with several others, left this old mother-
church to Conn a new interest on Alexander Street.
The cost oC the neat and comfortable edifice which
they at once proceeded to erect was chiefly borne by
him ; and lie has been from the first by far the
largest contributor toward the current expenses
of the church. The erection of the College Street
and Lewis Street church edifices was also mainly
due to his enterprise and liberality, and he is now
(1SS1) promoting a scheme of church extension in
the western part of the city. He has purchased an
eligible site, on which a mission chapel is to be
commenced immediately. lie was president of the
Home Mission Convention of Ontario in ISfiS-Ci 1 ,).
lions, which he has filled with great ability and
fidelity.
For forty years Mr. Lain has been a member of
the Baptist church in Waukesha. lie is known as
a man of great purity of character, and of blame
less Christian life. Until the failure of his health,
which occurred a few years ago, he was very effi
cient and active in promoting the Baptist cause in
his city, and in strengthening the denomination in
the State.
Lake, Rev. J. B., was born in Fauquier Co. T
\ a.. May 4, 1837; attended school in Alexandria,
Va., where lie received a thorough training at the
hands of the well-known Benjamin llallowell, and
afterwards studied at the University of Virginia,
where he was graduated from several of its schools.
While still at the university he was elected to a
professorship in Kdgcworth Female College, Greens-
l.A GKAXUE COLLEGE.
Lain, Hon. Isaac, of Waukesha, was born in
Orange Co., X. Y., Dec. IS, 1820. His ancestors
were from England, and settled at an early day on
Long Island, N. Y. Isaac Lain s father was a
farmer, and to this calling the son devoted him
self until 1833. He then learned the business of
architect and builder. In June, 1842, he settled
in Waukesha, Wis., where he still resides. Here
he engaged extensively for many years in his new
business. In 1852 he established a real estate and
insurance agency, and in I860 he took an active part
in founding the Waukesha County Manufacturing
Company, of which he is now a heavy stockholder
and secretary. In 1801. at the outbreak of the
civil war, Mr. Lain was a member of the State
Legislature, nnd took an active part in the meas
ures which placed Wisconsin in the front rank of
States for the promptness and efficiency with which
her regiments were raised and sent to the front.
Mr. Lain has held many local and county posi-
borough, N. C. Subsequently, Mr. Lake held a
professorship in Chesapeake Female College, Va.,
four years, and then had charge of the Roanoke
Female College, at Danville. Va., nine years. In
1872 he left Danville to become pastor of the church
in Upperville, Va.. where he still remains as a
most successful preacher and pastor. His mind is
vigorous and logical, and his sermons are filled
with cardinal doctrinal truths and enriched by apt
and numerous historical illustrations.
Lake, Rev. P. W., came to Wisconsin in 1839,
and settled in Walworth County, and performed
much foundation work in the early history of the
State. He was an interesting preacher. Earnest
ness and spirituality were distinguished charac
teristics in his ministry. He died many years ago.
but his name and labors are held in remembrance
in many of the churches of Walworth County.
Lamar, Rev. A. W., editor of the Baptist
Courier, was born at Leavenworth Mills, S. C. r
LAXH
March 30, 1847. His Hither was Col. Thomas (1.
Lamar, who distinguished himself in the late war
as commander at the battle of Secessionville, near
Charleston, in June, 1862, and who died soon after.
In honor of his memory the State Legislature sent
the subject of this sketch to the State Military
School to be educated. Being strongly impressed
that it was his duty to preach, he sold a tract of
land obtained from his father s estate to procure
means for educating himself. Entering first Fur-
man University, and then the theological seminary
at Greenville, he afterwards accepted a call of the
Mount Zion church in Newberry County, where he
was ordained Jan. 15, 1S71, at the age of twenty-
four. At the meeting of the State Convention in
November, 1S71, he was elected its general agent.
In November, 1873, the State Convention mani
fested its appreciation of his ability and success
by electing him both corresponding secretary and
general agent, charging him with all the work
of the body during its recess. lie was converted
when at the military school, and began at once to
work for Jesus among the cadets, praying with
nnd for them, holding prayer-meetings, and read
ing Spurgeon s sermons to them. At first he met
with much opposition, was treated with every in
dignity, but in the end those who led in those
things asked him to pray for them. lie has met
with extraordinary success in the work assigned
him, being imbued with zeal, perseverance, and
earnestness, and blessed with great tact and good
judgment. He is a young man. self-reliant and
with good judgment, who takes hold of his work
and does it like a veteran, having the confidence
and esteem of all. His present field of labor is
Cainden.
Lamb, Rev. Amherst, was born in Phillipston,
Mass., July 28, 1796, and spent his childhood and
youth in Guilford, Vt. Soon after making a pub
lic profession of faith he commenced to preach, but,
feeling the necessity of a better preparation for his
work, he placed himself under the tuition of Ilev.
Dr. Young, then of Worcester, Mass. He was or
dained in December, 1821, as pastor of the church
at G nil ford, Vt., and remained there for six years,
when he became pastor of the church in AVhiting-
liam, September, 1827, and continued there until
1836. He then went to Charlemont, Mass., and
preached there for nine years, having charge of
the church in Buckland during a part of this
period, for half the time. Recalled to the church
in Whitingham in 1845, he gave it twelve years of
additional service, after which he supplied churches
in his neighborhood, where his labors were much
blessed. He died at Whitingham, May 29, 1870.
His record was one of a high character wherever
he was known.
Lamson, William, D.D., was born in Danvers,
Mass., Feb. 22, 1812. lie prepared for college at
the academy in South Heading (now Wakefield),
Mass.. and graduated at Waterville College in the
class of 183"). After his graduation he served as
tutor for one year. In the autumn of 1837 he was
ordained as pastor of the church in Gloucester,
Mass. Wishing to pursue a more extended course
of theological study, he entered the Newton Theo
logical Institution in 183 J. and remained until
1841. when he was settled as pastor of the church
at Thomaston, Me. He returned to Gloucester,
where he continued until called to Portsmouth,
N. II., in 1848. He was pastor of the church in
Portsmouth for eleven years. The church in
Brookline. Mass., called him in 1859, and he was
their pastor until 1875, when failing health obliged
him to give up his ministerial work. Since his
resignation he has lived chieily in Salem and
Gloucester, Mass.
Dr. Lamson has been one of the most useful and
acceptable ministers in the denomination. By his
pen, as well as his voice, he has made his talents
subservient to promote the interests of truth.
Lancaster, Rev. William, was born in Warren
Co., N. C., in 1753; was baptized by Rev. AVm.
Walker ; was the founder of the churches at Maple
Spring and Poplar Spring, Franklin Co., about
1793 ; was a member of the State Convention, of
the convention to ratify the Federal Constitution,
and for many years chairman of the Court of Pleas
and Quarter Sessions of Franklin County. He
closed his long and useful life Sept. 16, 1826.
Landrum, Rev. John G., was born in Tennessee
in 1810. At eighteen he removed to Union Co.,
S. C.. and the next year began to preach. His
slender form made him look much younger than he
was, arid for some years he was called the boy
preacher. lie became pastor of the Mount Zion
and Bethlehem churches, in Spartanburg County,
in 1830, and still serves them. lie has had charge
of the New Prospect church since 1835. The Bap
tist church at Spartanburg Court-house was organ
ized under his ministry, where he preached for
twenty-five years.
He has baptized about 5000 persons in fifty years.
He exercises a very extensive influence in Spartan
burg and the surrounding counties. Perhaps he
could not say that his " natural force is not abated,"
but his labors are as abundant as ever.
Landrum, Sylvanus, D.D., pastor of the Bap
tist church at Savannah, Ga., has exerted a strong
influence among the Baptists of Georgia. For
many years he has been on the board of trustees of
Mercer University, and for a long time acted as
secretary of the board, and, besides, he has served
the denomination in various positions with much
success. He is a courteous gentleman, with a sound
judgment, sincere piety, and intellectual ability.
LAND It I M
r>7<>
LA\K
Ho is an eloquent speaker. His congregations love
and respect him. He was born in Oglethorpe Co.,
Ga., Oct. 3, 1820; his parents came from Virginia.
He was educated at Mason Academy, Lexington,
Ga., and at Mercer University. Ordained Oct. 23.
184f>, he became, in January. IS47, pastor of the
Baptist churches at Lexington and Athens, Ga.
.SVI.VAM;S LANDRUM, D.I>.
In December, 1849, he became pastor of the Ma-
con (Ga.) Baptist church, when; he served ten
years, being instrumental there in the erection of
a handsome and costly Gothic church edifice. In
December, 1S59, he accepted a call to Savannah,
Ga., and there he remained twelve years, building
up and uniting the Baptist cause in the city. He
was there during the war, and never lost a single
service on account of hostilities, his was the only
white Baptist church on the coast line from Balti
more to Texas which did not (dose at all during
the conflict. He preached on one Sabbath to Con
federate and the next Sabbath to Federal soldiers,
at the time of the city s capture.
In 1871 he removed to Memphis, and became
pastor of the Central Baptist church, remaining
until after the severe yellow-fever scourge of 1878,
during which he lost two sons, both prominent and
talented young men. In 1879 he returned to
Georgia, and again took charge of the Savannah
church, where he is doing an admirable work.
Two colleges in one year conferred on him the
Doctorate in Divinity, Georgetown, Ky.. Dr.
Crawford president, and Columbian College, Wash
ington, Dr. Samson president.
He is a man of national views, whose heart is in
the pastorate, and whose chief aim is the advance
ment of Christ s kingdom on earth. His sermons
are alwavs good and never disappointing. To
great administrative ability lie unites remarkable
excellence of judgment and a good knowledge of
men and human nature!. lie is a wise and safe
counselor, and makes his influence for good felt
in the assemblies of his denominational brethren.
Landrum, Rev. William Warren, son of Dr.
Sylvanus and Eli/a Jane (Warren) Landrum. was
born in Macon, Ga., Jan. 18, 1853. He was con
verted at the age of ten, and baptized in his four
teenth year. His early education was received at
Chatham Academy, Savannah. lie entered Mer
cer University, but subsequently went to Brown
University, where he was graduated with distinc
tion in 1872. lie then became a student in the
Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, at Green
ville, S. C., from which ho graduated in 1874, in
nine of the thirteen schools in the institution.
At the call of the Central church of Memphis, he
was ordained in May, 1874. His first pastorate
was at Shreveport, La., where he labored with
success for two years. He then accepted a call
from the First Baptist church in Augusta, Ga., and
removed to his native State in February, 1870. Of
that church he is still the pastor. He was married
Sept. 21, 1875, to Miss Ida Louise Dunster, a de
scendant of Henry Dunster, first president of Har
vard University.
Mr. Landrum is a good preacher and pastor, and
a man of more than ordinary abilities. He hates
controversy, has great faith in the power of gospel
preaching and the efficacy of a cheerful, loving
piety, and his highest ambition is to be a conse
crated and successful minister of Jesus Christ.
Lane, Rev. Button, was born Nov. 12, 1732,
near Baltimore, Md. He was baptized by Shubael
Sterns in 1758, and ordained to the ministry in
October, 1704. lie had a vigorous constitution, a
powerful voice, and a heart on fire with the love
of Jesus, and he was greatly blessed by his Master.
In the Dare River church, Va., of which he was
pastor, and for many miles around, the fruits of his
ministry were visible to the whole community. His
father, impelled by hatred to his religious fervor,
tried to kill him, but " he himself was slain by the
sword of the Spirit, from which ho soon after re
vived with the hope of eternal life," and was bap
tized by his son.
Mr. Lane continued in the ministry till death,
but the latter part of his life was marred by cer
tain strange opinions which he adopted.
Lane, Rev. Thomas Jefferson, one of Tennes
see s veteran Baptist ministers, was born in Jeffer
son (now Hamilton) Co., East Tenn., Oct. 9, 1804;
son of Aquila and Agnes Lane, and grandson of
LANKERSHIM
LAX UK I!
Elder Lane, one of the first Baptist ministers that
settled in East Tennessee, in 1785.
Mr. Lane professed religion in 1834, and was
baptized by Andrew Coffinan, and regularly set
tipart to the ministry on the second Saturday in
October, 183 ,), by the Bent Creek Baptist church,
Elders Joseph Manning and Hugh Woodson acting
as the Presbytery. From that time Mr. Lane has
been doing effective service for the Master in the
same section of country. Eternity alone will re
veal the good he lias accomplished for the cause of
Christ and the salvation of sinners.
Lankershim, Deacon Isaac, is the Baptist
benefactor of California. lie is of Jewish birth ;
was converted to Christianity, baptized in Mis
souri, and removed with his wife, a converted Jew
ess, to California at an early day ; joined the First
Baptist church ; was one of its deacons ; became a
constituent member of the- Tabernacle church in
18G5, and is still a member, the church having
changed its name to Metropolitan in 1S75. lie is
a large benefactor of Baptist institutions; purchased
lots for the Second, Fifth, and Tabernacle churches;
was a chief contributor to the building of the Tab
ernacle, and in 1875 provided the money, nearly
$1200,000, for the Metropolitan church lots and
building. In lcS74 he gave the second large sub
scription for California College, nearly 813,000.
Always successful in business operations, careful,
prudent, and conscientious, quiet and unassuming
in manner, he is everywhere loved and honored.
He has large city properties and immense farms in
the country. His home is at Los Angeles. Though
a converted Jew, "an Israelite in whom there is
no guile," giving quietly from principle, and not
from impulse, he has never lost the respect of his
Jewish kindred, with whom he is associated in
many business enterprises. Deacon Lankershim
is for California what the Crozers, Colgates, and
Colbys are for the Atlantic States.
La Rue, Rev. Alexander Warren, whose an
cestors were French and Irish, and firm Presby
terians, was born in La Rue Co., Ky., Jan. 23, 1819.
He united with Severn s Valley church while at
tending an academy at Elizabethtown in 1837 ; was
licensed to preach in November, 1838. In 1839 he
entered Georgetown College, graduating in 1842.
During the latter year he was ordained for the pas
torate of Flemingsburg church. This church was
in the Bracken Association, among the churches of
which Mr. La Rue held many protracted meetings
with encouraging success. In 1849 he removed to
Louisville and became associate editor of the fttip-
tifit Banner, a weekly religious paper, since called
the Western Recorder. While in this position he
preached a short time to Bank Street Baptist church
in New Albany, and afterwards to East Baptist
church in Louisville. Havinjr resigned his edi
torial office, he accepted the pastorate of the church
at Ilarrodsburg in 1853, where he remained three
years, and then accepted a call to the church at
Georgetown. Subsequently he was pastor of the
church at Stanford, and finally at Salem, in Chris
tian County. At the latter place he died, Sept. 1 I,
1864, after a life of singular consecration, devotion,
and fruitfulness. His biography was written and
published under the appropriate title of La Rue s
Ministry of Faith," by Rev. A. C. Graves, D.I).
Lasher, George William, D.D., was born in
Schenectady Co., N. Y., June 24, 1831. His father
OEOINiE U II.I.IAM LASHER, D.D.
was a farmer of Holland ancestry, and his mother
traced her descent from a member of the u Boston
Tea Party." lie was converted at Hamilton, in
1853, while attending the academy, and in the same
year entered Madison University, graduating in
1857. In 1859 he graduated from Hamilton Theo
logical Seminary, and at once entered upon the
pastorate of the Baptist church of Norwalk, Conn.,
where, on September 30, he was ordained. In
1860 he married Miss Lizzie C., daughter of Dr. G.
W. Eaton, president of Madison University. In
July, 1861, he became chaplain of the 5th Conn.
Regiment, and served for six months on the upper
Potomac, when he became pastor of the Baptist
church at Newburg. N. Y. From 1864 to 1868 he
was pastor of the Portland Street church, Haver-
hill. Mass., from 1868 to 1872 of the First church
of Trenton, N. J., and from 1872 to 1875 was cor
responding secretary of the New York Baptist Ed
ucation Society. In 1875 he made a tour of Europe,
LATHE OP
672
LA W
Egypt, and Palestine, and in August, 1876, became
editor and proprietor of the Journal and Messenger,
at Cincinnati, 0. In 1874 lie received the degree
of D.I), from Madison University. Dr. Lasher has
a commanding presence, and is a vigorous and suc
cessful preacher and editor. The Journal and Mes
senger under his management has a wide influence
in the (. (Mitral West.
Lathrop, Edward, D.D., son of Burel Lathrop,
who early removed from Norwich, Conn., to Georgia,
EDWARD LATIIROP, D.D.
was born in Savannah, Ga., March 14, 1814; bap
tized by Rev. II. 0. Myer into the Savannah Bap
tist church in June, 1827 ; commenced study for
the ministry at Furman Institution, S. C., in 1832;
on the closing of that institution went to Hamilton,
N. Y., and graduated in what is now Madison Uni
versity in 1840; pursued a course of theological
study at Hamilton ; was called as assistant of Rev.
Richard Fuller, D.D., at Beaufort, S. C. ; in 1844
settled as pastor of the Tabernacle Baptist church
in New York City, and labored with distinguished
success for twenty-two years, until health failed ;
granted a long furlough by the church, but finally
resigned; in 1806 became pastor of the Baptist
church in Stamford, Conn., where he still labors
with great honor ; received the honorary degree of
Doctor of Divinity from Rochester University; has
been a trustee from the beginning of Vassar College,
N. Y., and is now president of the board of trustees ;
is also president of the board of trustees of Con
necticut Literary Institution : is one of the trustees
of Madison University ; engaged in all benevolent
objects ; a strong preacher and able counselor ;
le has published several sermons by request.
Lattimore, Rev. Samuel S., was born in Ruth-
rford Co., N. C., March 9, 1811: removed with
his father while yet a child to Jennings, Ind. At
fourteen years of age became a member of the
literary institution at South Hanover, Ind. Sup
porting himself by his own exertions, he remained
at this institution for nine years, until he completed
bis course, in July, 1833. During this period he
became a member of the Presbyterian church, and
remained in this connection for six or seven years.
Leaving college soon thereafter, he went to Vicks-
burg, Miss., thence to Clinton, and shortly after
wards taught in the school at Society Ridge. In
1834 he joined the Baptist church. In 1835 lie
was ordained to the gospel ministry, and became
;eneral agent for the Mississippi Baptist State Con
vention. In December, 1837, he settled at Middle-
ton, Carroll Co., Miss., where he engaged in preach
ing, and in teaching a school under Baptist auspices
until 1840, when he removed to Sumter Co.. Ala.,
where he preached to Providence and other
churches. In 1845 he was again general agent of
the Mississippi Baptist State Convention. In 1847
he was called to the pastorate of Macon church,
Noxubee Co., Miss. Remaining there one year,
he accepted a very urgent call from the Aberdeen
church, with an understanding that he should re
turn to Macon after the lapse of a year. Accord
ingly he returned to Macon, and remained till he
again accepted an invitation to take charge of the
Aberdeen church. In this relation he continued
until his death. From 1849 to 1854 he was presi
dent of the Mississippi Baptist State Convention.
He had various controversies on the principles and
practices of the Baptists, and endured no little
persecution. lie was a man of marked ability,
of warm and generous affections, eloquent as a
preacher, able as a controversial writer, and emi
nently successful as a minister of the gospel.
Law, Rev. Francis Marion, was born in Sum
ter District, S. C., May 15, 1828; was educated for
a physician, and received his diploma from the
Medical College of Georgia, at Augusta; practised
medicine at Wetumpka and Selma, Ala. ; ordained
in 1855 ; for five years financial secretary of Ala
bama Baptist Bible and Colportage Society ; one
year missionary and surgeon on the Bethel ship
"Mobile Bay," under auspices of American Sea
men s Friend Society; removed to Texas in No
vember, 1859 ; pastor of Chapel Hill, Bellville,
Brenham, Plantersville. and Bryan churches from
1860 to 1876; is a man of vigorous intellect and
indomitable energy ; now engaged in raising
250,000 for Texas. Educational Commission.
Law, Rev. Josiah S., son of Samuel S. Law,
was born in Saulsbury, Ga., Feb. 5, 1808. He re-
LAW
673
LAWLER
ceived a classical education, and succeeded llev.
James Shannon as a teacher in Liberty County,
when Mr. Shannon was called to Augusta, in 1827.
It was while teaching at Sunbury that he was con
verted and joined the Baptist church there, lie
then took a three years 1 theological course at New
ton Theological Seminary. In 1831 he entered
upon his ministerial duties at Sunbury, and for
twenty years served that church and neighborhood
with great usefulness, except during two short in
tervals when he accepted calls to Macon and Sa
vannah.
The colored people received great benefit from
his preaching, among whom he was very success
ful. He died on the 5th of October, 1853. At
that time sixty colored candidates were awaiting
baptism at his hands.
Law, Eev. Samuel Spry, was born in Liberty
County in 1774. He moved in the best society all
his life, his family and connections being culti
vated and wealthy. For forty years he lived a
worldly-minded man and a moralist, but was con
verted in his forty-first year, and joined the Sun-
bury Baptist church on the 30th of April, 1815.
He was ordained to the ministry Dec. 27, 1827, at
the age of fifty-three. After laboring on the coast
for some time, he was called to succeed Dr. C. 0.
Screven, at Sunbury. This connection continued
for a year or so only, and he devoted his whole
time to the colored people, and to the poor white
churches of Liberty County. This work he con
tinued with great usefulness for six or seven years,
when his health began to fail gradually, and he ex
pired on the 4th of February, 1837.
lie was a man of great fervor and spirituality ;
prepared his sermons carefully, and became a good
preacher. He was well acquainted with the Scrip
tures, and was much gifted in prayer. Few ever
made more progress in piety and in the knowledge
of our Lord Jesus Christ than he.
Lawler, Rev. B. F., was born in West Tennes
see, Jan. 1, 1834; baptized in 1S58 ; ordained in
1800 ; labored a number of years at Windsor, Mo.
lie is at the present time pastor of the Salem and
Prairie Union Baptist churches, Neb. In con
nection with his ministerial labors, Mr. Lawler,
while in Missouri, devoted a part of his time to
teaching. In 1880 he published a volume of ser
mons, addresses, and letters.
Lawler, Judge Jacob, was born in North Caro
lina in 17% ; while a youth his father removed to
Tennessee, and the son subsequently located in
North Alabama, and about the year 1820 settled in
Shelby County. He held various offices of trust:
judge of the county court, member of the House of
Representatives of the State Legislature from 1826
to 1831, and was then elected to the State Senate ; re
signed that position to accept that of receiver of
public moneys for one of the land districts of the
State, tendered him by President Andrew Jackson ;
held that office at Mardisville, in Talladega County ,
where it was located, until he was elected to Con
gress in 1835 ; was re-elected to Congress in 1837,
and died on the 8th of May, 1838. in the city of
Washington, while Congress was in session, and his
remains now rest in that city. He was in office
continuously from 1822 to 1838, never having suf
fered defeat or reproach.
In 1826, Jacob Lawler united with the Baptist
church, and in a short time was ordained to the
ministry. From the time of his ordination to his
election to Congress he filled the office of pastor.
The Talladega (now Alpine) and the Talladega
town churches were originated by his ministry, and
he was their pastor. It was characteristic of Mr.
Lawler not to allow his secular duties to interfere
with his religious obligations when it could be
avoided.
Lawler, Gen. Lev! W., was born in Madison
Co., Ala., in 1816; with his parents, settled in
GEX. LEVI W. LAWLER.
Talladega County in early life ; united with the
Talladega church, of which his father was pastor,
in 1835. After Judge Lawler resigned the office
of receiver of public moneys at Mardisville he was
succeeded by his son Levi, under appointment of
President Jackson, and, though only nineteen years
of age, he easily obtained the required bond of
S 100,000. After four years he was suspended on
account of his opposition to the administration of
President Van Buren, but was restored to the po-
LA WRKNCK
674
sition by President Tyler in 1841, and held it for
another term of four years. In 1S4S he located in
Mobile, and engaged in the commission business,
which lie has not yet relinquished. In 1801 his
friends elected him to the Legislature without con
sulting him ; was returned in 186. ! ; was a member
of that body during the whole period of the civil
war, and he was three years chairman of the com
mittee on ways and means. In 1874, (Jen. Lawler
was appointed by Gov. Houston one of the State
commissioners to adjust and liquidate its burden
some debt. He drafted the plan of settlement, and
performed the principal labor in its execution among
creditors of the State, a work which brought great
relief to the people of Alabama. For many years
he has been one of the trustees of Howard College,
and of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of
die State. He has been and is still a man of hand
some fortune, of great energy, industry, and finan
cial skill; liberal to objects of benevolence and
to public enterprises. It is conceded that the
gubernatorial honors of Alabama have been within
his reach for years, but he has declined them. His
vast influence affects for good all the higher rela
tions of life, political and civil, social and educa
tional, financial and denominational, in the State.
He maintains the constant confidence of all grades
of society. When a master he was famous for his
tenderness to his slaves, and now that they are
free lie has their uniform confidence and highest
regard, lie has no superior in Alabama.
Lawrence, William Mangam, D.D., was born
in Washington, 1). C., May 11, 1848 ; was converted
in early youth, and entered college at Amherst,
Mass. ; graduated from Madison University and
Hamilton Theological Seminary; settled with the
church at Amsterdam, N. Y., where he was or
dained in August, 1871. The following year he
received an urgent call from the Spring Garden
church in Philadelphia, which he accepted, and en
tered upon his labors in October. 1872. It was an
important period in the history of the church. A
large colony had just gone out to form the Geth-
semanc church in a new and rapidly-growing
neighborhood. A pastor was needed with power
to hold and strengthen "the things which re
mained," and in this w r ork he has, under God, been
eminently successful.
Mr. Lawrence throws the vigor of his early man
hood into all that he says and does. His sermons
and occasional contributions to religious journals
give evidence of an observing and thoughtful
mind. His systematic methods enable him to ac
complish a vast amount of pastoral work, and to
render valuable service to other denominational
interests with which he has become connected.
His powerful intellect, scholarly attainments, and
Christian spirit make him a power in the commu
nity. In 1880 he became pastor of the Second Bap
tist church of Chicago.
WILLIAM MA \G.\M LA \VKKNCE, D.D.
Laws, E.6V. M. L., was born in Virginia, Aug.
21, 1842. lie made a profession of religion when
eighteen years of age, and was baptized by llev. J.
S. Kennard in the E Street Baptist church, Wash
ington, I). C., in November, 1859. He was or-
~
dained in 1871 at the Rehoboth Baptist church in
Saline Co., Mo. Brother Laws has been pastor at
Glasgow and Booneville, and of the Park Avenue
church in St. Louis. He is now secretary of the
Missouri Baptist Sunday-School Convention, and
he is rendering efficient service in this position.
lie is a man of ability, industry, and usefulness.
Lawson, Rev. Albert G., was born in Pough-
keepsie, N. Y., Jan. 5, 1842. In 1858 he made a
public profession of religion, and was baptized by
Rev. John Q. Adams, and became a member of the
North Baptist church, New York. He studied in
the College of the City of New York and in Madi
son University, and was ordained as pastor of
Perth Amboy Baptist church, N. J., in June, 1862.
In 1867 he took charge of the Greenwood Baptist
church, where he still labors with marked success.
He is one of the most able laborers in the temper
ance cause. He is the author of " Methods of
Church Work/ " Duty of the Christian Church in
Relation to Temperance," and the "Peace and
Power of Temperance Literature," also an address
on " Self-Culture." His discourses are clear, logi
cal, and earnestly delivered.
Lawson, Admiral Sir John, was born near
LA WSOX
675
Scarborough, Yorkshire, England. From very early
life he was on the ocean. When the Parliament
resolved to fight, for the liberties of England, Lawson
entered its naval service. His intelligence, faith
fulness in executing orders, and religious behavior
soon attracted attention and secured promotion.
Having obtained the command of a small vessel,
he made himself so useful that he was soon the
captain of the finest ship in the British navy; and
in process of time he became an admiral, and occa
sionally had the whole fleet placed under his au
thority. He fought under Blake in all the battles
which gave him and his country so much naval
glory. Cromwell looked upon him with special
favor, and was always ready to promote his in
terests, until he became a king in everything but
the name.
On the 2d of June, 1053, the British fleet at
tacked the Dutch off the coast of Flanders. Deane
and Monk were admirals, Sir William I enn was
vice-admiral, and Sir John Lawson was rear-admi
ral. Lawson charged through the Dutch fleet with
forty ships, pouring destruction into the enemy,
and so disabling I)e Ruyter s squadron that Van
Tromp had to come to his relief; and after a hot
engagement, in which Lawson was the foremost
fighting man, the Dutch withdrew. The next day
the battle was renewed and the enemy was routed.
Six great ships of the Dutch were sunk, two blown
up, and eleven of the largest and two smaller ves
sels were captured, with thirteen hundred prison
ers, and nothing but flight saved the other Dutch
vessels.
As soon as the power of Richard Cromwell ended,
and the Parliament of the country had reassembled,
the officers of the fleet, being largely Baptists, and
consequently strong republicans, acknowledged the
authority of Parliament in terms of loyal satisfac
tion. Immediately after, the Committee of Safety
appointed by the Parliament ordered the equipment
of six frigates to be ready for any emergency, and,
to show their appreciation of our gallant brother,
Sir John Lawson, they gave him the command of
this squadron and created him vice-admiral of the
fleet. For a considerable period after this Sir John
had control of the whole British navy, and he was
known throughout his country as a supporter of a
free Parliament whom no bribes or persuasions
could turn from his patriotic convictions.
The Parliament in power at this period was the
Long Parliament dispersed by Oliver Cromwell,
and-recalled once more to the exercise of legislative
and executive powers. Against this body the army
determined to wage war, and they hindered the
speaker and the members from reaching the house.
Lambert and the principal officers of the army were
bent on ruling the nation by the sword. Lawson
brought his fleet into the Thames and declared for
the Parliament by a voice which the Dutch had re
spected on the ocean, and which his countrymen
reverenced everywhere. And his timely assistance,
with the aid of Monk, overcame the friends of the
sword, and the Parliament resumed its meetings
and its authority. On the 3d of June. 1665, in a
great naval battle between the English and the
Dutch, in which the Duke of York was the nominal
and Lawson the real commander of the British
fleet, and in which the Dutch lost thirty-two ships
and six thousand men, Sir John Lawson received
a shot in the knee in the middle of the battle ; the
wound gangrened, and he died a few days after on
shore, rejoicing in the blessed Saviour whom he was
going to meet.
Lord Clarendon, a bitter enemy of Baptists and
republicans, says of the admiral : u lie was, in
deed, of all the men of that time, and of that ex
traction and education, incomparably the modestest
and the wisest man. and most worthy man to be
confided in. He was in all the actions performed
by Blake, some of which were very stnpendous T
and in all the battles which Cromwell had fought
with the Dutch. lie was commandcr-in-chief of
the fleet when Richard (Cromwell) was thrown out ;
and when the contest grew between the Rump (the
Long Parliament) and Lambert, he brought the
whole fleet into the river and declared for that
which is called the Parliament (Clarendon did not
recognize this body as a Parliament), which broke
the neck of all other designs, though he intended
only the better settlement of the Commonicealth."
lie had no wish to aid the Stuarts to mount the
throne forfeited by Charles I. Elsewhere he says:
" The present fleet, prepared for the summer ser
vice, was under the command of Vice-Admiral Sir
John Lawson, an excellent seaman, but then a no
torious Anabaptist; and they well remembered
how he had lately besieged the city (London), and
by the power of his fleet given that turn which
helped to revive the Committee of Safety (the
government set up by the army) and restore the
Rump Parliament to the exercise of their jurisdic
tion." Granvillc Perm, in his "Memorials of
Admiral Sir William Penn. speaks of the re
nowned Sir John Lawson." and he states that
Oliver " Cromwell set aside Major Bourne and ap
pointed Lawson rear-admiral of the fleet in his
place." The great Protector held Sir John Lawson
in the highest esteem. Except Cromwell himself,
in his day no soldier stood higher than Gen. Harri
son. And during the latter part of Lawson s life he
was regarded as one of the greatest heroes in the
naval history of Britain, and his death was felt to
be a national calamity. These brave men were both
decided Baptists. See " Memoirs of Ludlow, ii.
4GG, 666, 726. 736, 855, Vevay, 1699; Southey s
li Lives of the British Admirals," v. 269, note,
LA
LEACH
London. 1837: Clarendon s "History of the Re
bellion." iii. 7 -!*. Oxford, 1700; Rapin s "History
of England, 1 ii. 039, 040. London. 173)5 ; .Memo
rials of Sir William 1 cnn. Km.." i. 312. 400, 470,
London, IS, !)).
Lawton, Col. Alex, J., who died some three
years ago, spent liis life, which, "by reason of
strength was fourscore and four years," in Beau
fort. S. C. lie was long a deacon of the Black
Swamp church, and repeatedly a member of the
State Legislature. He was dignified but extremely
pleasant, especially among the young, with whom
he was a great favorite. The writer met him
about a year before his death, and found him the
same genial Christian that he had always been.
Few masters were so considerate of their slaves,
and few had their affection in an equal degree.
lie used much of his large property for benevolent
objects. Few have spent a life so long and so well
regulated.
Lawton, Rev. Joseph A., may be called the
Baptist patriarch of Barnwell, S. C., and of the
surrounding counties. lie held and used his large
fortune, before the war, as a steward who must
give an account, lie now lives, in advanced years,
in the midst of his spiritual children, white .and
colored, who revere him. Prudence and modera
tion have marked his whole life. His numerous
servants, at the close of the war, cherished him in
their hearts, and quite a number of them still live
with him, and manifest the same respect as they
did in the time of slavery. Baptist ministers in
his section owe him much, because he refused to
preach for wealthy churches unless they paid a
salary in proportion to their ability, saying that if
he preached for nothing it should be to churches
not able to compensate him. They complied, and
many brethren have been less stinted than they
would have been had Mr. Lawton not insisted that
"the laborer is worthy of his hire." He always
gave his salary, and much more, to some worthy
object. He has long been pastor of the Allendale
church, one of the most active and liberal in the
Savannah lliver Association.
Lawton, Rev. W. A., was born in Beaufort
Co.. S. C., in 17 .). !. lie was in the ministry fifty-
five years, and at the time of his death, in 1878,
he had been pastor of the Pipe Creek church for
twenty-seven years. His remarkably strong con
stitution bore him up in good health almost to the
close of life, which " by reason of strength was
fourscore and five years. Next to Thomas Daw-
son, he was probably the oldest Baptist minister in
the State.
Lea Female Seminary, located at Summit,
Miss., on the line of the Xew Orleans and Jackson
Railroad, Rev. Charles II. Otken, principal, is an
admirable institution.
Lea, Hon. Fryer, was born in Tennessee, and is
now nearly eighty years of age ; joined the Baptist
Church in Tennessee, where he practised law with
success and distinction. Represented Tennessee in
the Congress of the United States. He afterwards
removed to Mississippi, and practised law at Jack
son. Has served as State superintendent of pub
lic instruction in Texas, and now lives at Goliad.
He has been a consistent Baptist under all circum
stances.
Lea, Rev. Wm. M., a prominent minister in
Arkansas, was born in North Carolina in 1817,
but reared and educated in Tennessee. He came
to Arkansas in IS/il as missionary of the Marion
Board Southern Baptist Convention, and began
his labors at Helena. The following year he sev
ered his relations with the board, and boldly en
tered the State as an independent missionary, re
lying upon his field for support, and, with the
exception of a few years, has ever since continued
there to labor. Helena, Pine Bluff, Little Hock,
Forest City, and other places have received the
benefit of his labors. Just before the late conflict
he raised a subscription of ?7"),000 towards en
dowing a State college, which was unfortunately
lost by the war. Mr. Lea has distinguished him
self as a polemic, having engaged in many debates,
and considers himself specially set for the defense
of the truth.
Leach, Beriah N., D.D., was born in Middle-
town, Vt., April 28, 1801 : converted at fourteen ;
ordained pastor at Cornwall, Vt., in October, 1820;
pastor at Middlebury, Fredonia, Wyoming, Ham
ilton, and Brooklyn, N. Y., and in Middletown,
Conn, lie received the degree of Doctor of Divin
ity from Madison University in 1859. lie died
Jan. 23, 1809, strong in his Redeemer s supporting
grace. Dr. Leach was full- of labors and of love
for the Redeemer, and the favor of heaven rested
upon his toils for Jesus as well as upon his own
soul.
Leach, Rev. William, was born in Shutes-
bury, Mass., in 1804, and baptized by Rev. David
Goddard, of Wendall. Relinquishing the business
in which he was engaged, he pursued a select
course of study at the Shelburne Falls Academy,
and took a partial course at Newton. In 1840 he
was ordained in Paterson. N. J. Subsequently
he removed to Newark, N. J., and then to Wen
dall and South Hanson, Mass., and Omaha, Neb.
To this latter place he had gone on business, but,
seeing the destitution of the gospel in that rising
city, he preached for some time there without com
pensation, and for two years as a missionary of the
American Baptist Home Missionary Society. The
Baptist church of Omaha is the child of his prayers
and labors. Returning East, he had charge of the
churches in East Stoughton, Holmes Hole, South
LEARNING
677
LEARNING
Yarmouth, Ilarned, and Still River, all in the State
of Massachusetts. lie died at Still River. Mass.,
March MO, 1871.
Learning, Baptist Institutions of. Preced
ing and during the Commonwealth in England,
large numbers of our ministers in that country were
graduates of Oxford and Cambridge. After 1660,
when Charles II. ascended the throne, the neces
sity for seeking education for Baptist pastors in
some new quarter forced itself upon the attention
of our brethren. Various plans were discussed in
London and elsewhere to secure an object so dear
to the churches. Edward Ten-ill, of Bristol, in
1679, set apart a portion of his property for the in
struction of students for the ministry, which did
not become available until the death of his wife.
Though some aid was received from it for five years
preceding 1720, it was in that year, under Rev.
Bernard Foskett, that Bristol Baptist College was
formally established.
In 1756, Rev. Isaac Eaton, of Ilopewell, X. J.,
opened the first Baptist Seminary in this country
" for the education of youth for the ministry." In
the progress of this institution the Philadelphia
and Charleston Baptist Associations took the deep
est interest. They appointed trustees to watch
over its affairs ; and the Philadelphia Association
raised about 400 to aid it in its work. The prin
cipal was a scholarly man, and he had the art of
imparting knowledge to others. His school was in
existence only eleven years, and in that time the
following were among its pupils: Dr. James Man
ning, Dr. Samuel Jones, Dr. Hezckinh Smith, Dr.
Isaac Skillman, and Revs. David Thomas, David
Jones, the celebrated Revolutionary chaplain, and
Charles Thompson. The distinguished Judge David
Ilowell was also a student at Ilopewell. The frame
house in which Mr. Eaton presided over his semi
nary is still standing, and in excellent condition.
ISAAC EATON S ACADEMY.
THE FIRST BAPTIST SEMINARY FOR THE EDUCATION OF MINISTERS
IN AMF.RICA.
On the 12th of October, 1762, the Philadelphia
Baptist Association, with twenty-nine churches in
its fellowship, met in the Lutheran church on
Fifth Street above Race Street, Philadelphia. Rev.
Morgan Edwards was chosen moderator, and Rev.
Abel Morgan clerk. At this session of the mother
Association of American Baptists it was decided
that it was expedient to erect a college in the
colony of Rhode Island, under the chief direction
of the Baptists." Morgan Edwards was the prin
cipal mover in this matter." and to him and l>r.
Samuel Jones the grand educational project was
referred.
In 1763 an effort was made to secure the con
firmation of a charter for the new college in the
Rhode Island Assembly. The charter had been
prepared by Dr. Ezra Stiles, of Newport, a Congre
gational minister, and it was so artfully con
structed as to throw the power into the Fellows
hands, whereof eight out of twelve were Presbyte
rians, usually called Congregationalists. "The
trustees were presumed to lie the principal branch
of authority, and as nineteen out of thirty-five were
to be Baptists, the Baptists were satisfied, without
sufficient examination into the authority vested in
the fellowship, which afterward appeared to be the
soul of the institution, while the trusteeship was
only the body" (Manning and Brown University,
pp. 48-49). This unworthy effort of Dr. Stiles was
frustrated by Daniel Jenckes and others in the As
sembly. The amended charter was confirmed by
the Legislature of Rhode Island in 1764. In that
year the Philadelphia Association recommended the
churches to be liberal in placing the new college
upon an efficient basis ; and in 1766 the Association
" agreed to recommend warmly to the churches the
interests of the college, for which a subscription is
opened all over the continent." Dr. James Man
ning was the first president of Rhode Island Col
lege, now Brown University. This institution to
day has nineteen instructors, property valued at
SI, 750,000, an endowment of $650,000, a library of
53,000 volumes, 247 students, and a history of use
fulness of which Americans, and especially Ameri
can Baptists, may justly be proud. The Baptist
colleges, theological seminaries, and academies of
the United States, according to the report of the
"Baptist Year-Book" for 1881, have property
worth 11, 988,883, and endowments of $4,960,730,
that is to say, these institutions own assets amount
ing to $16,959,613, nearly seventeen million dol
lars. Their reported income last year was $679, 178,
to which may be added $160,000 from 36 of them
from which we have no report of receipts. They
had, during 1880, 667 teachers, 8749 students, of
whom 1532 were preparing for the Christian min
istry.
In the United States most Pedobaptist communi
ties receive large accessions from European emi
gration : the Baptists gain comparatively few mem
bers from this source. Besides, they have had to
contend against powerful prejudices from the ear
liest period in the history of this country, preju-
LEARNING
678
LEARNING
dices which for a long time in several colonies
clothed themselves in persecuting leiral enactments,
and which exist to-day, without the force of law,
in unfounded charges of bigotry and saving sacra-
mentalism. Nevertheless, by the favor of God, they
have been able not only to rear a multitude of
<-liurch edifices, but to invest seventeen million dol
lars in institutions of learning. Indeed, we have
reason to believe that if all our educational enter
prises were reported, and an exact examination of
their property and endowments made, that the re
sult would show an investment in these fountains
of light of a sum little less than twenty million
dollars.
BAPTIST INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING.
UNITED STATES. IN 1881.
COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES.
NAME.
WHEN
FOUNDED.
PRESIDENT.
P .
LOCATION.
H o
!5
M
STUDENTS.
1764
1819
1820
1821
1827
18"9
E. G. Robinson, D.D., LL.D
E Dod-e, D D LL D
Providence, R. 1 19
Hamilton, N. Y 10
247
90
148
343
128
119
17:;
85
171
108
125
125
119
66
145
146
200
185
86
121
169
105
250
100
190
303
78
131
108
60
185
Colby University
The Columbian University...
Shurtleff College
Henry E. Robins, D.D
J. C. Welling, LL.D
A. A. Kendrick, D D
Waterville, Me 8
Washington, 1). C 25
Upper Alton, 111 7
K. M. Dudley. I). I)....
Georgetown, Ky 6
Denison University 1831 Alfred Owen, D.D
Franklin College 1834 W. T. Stott, D.D
Granville, () 9
Franklin, Ind 8
Wake Forest College 1* :U ! T H Piitebard 1)1)
Wake Forest, N. C 8
Macon, (ia 9
Richmond. Va 8
Marion, Ala 8
Independence, Texas 6
Mercer University
Kiclunimil College
Howard College
1838
1832
1843
1845
1846
1S4!)
185(1
1850
1850
1851
1852
A. J. Battle, D.U
B. Purvear, A.M
Col.J.T. Murfee
W C Crane D.D., LL.D
University at Lewisburg
William Jewell College
University of Rochester
Rev. D. J. Hill, A.M
W. R. Rothwell, D.U
M. B. Anderson, LL.D
W. S. Webb, D.D
N. B. Golbrth, D.I)
J. C. Furman, D.D
L A Dunn I) D
Liberty. Mo 7
Rochester. N. Y 9
Clinton, Miss 7
Mossy Creek, Tenn 4
Greenville, S. C , 5
Pella Iowa 7
Carson College
Furman University
1855
1850
1859
1858
1801
1861
1865
1859
18C7
1871
1874
Kendall Brooks, D.D
Leslie Waggener, LL.D
Galusha Anderson, D.D
Rev. G. J. Burchett, A.M
R. C. Bnrleson, D.D
S. L. Caldwell, D.D
J A Nash D.D
Kalama/.oo, Mich 9
Ru-^sellville, Ky o
Chicago, 111 16
McMinnville, Oregon 4
Waco Texas . . 10
Bethel College*..
Waco University
Vassar College
University of Des Moiues
La Grange College*
Monongahela College
Poughkeepsie, N. Y 31
Des Koines, Iowa 4
La Grange, Mo 8
Jefferson, Greene Co., Pa. 6
Vacaville, Cal : 4
J. F. Cook, LL.D
H K Crai"- DD
U. Gregory, D.D
Prof. G. W. Jarmau, A.M
Southwestern Baptist Univ...
Total number 31
.. 280
4009
PROPERTY.
Exuow-
1M EXT.
$1,750,000
(,40.000
$650,000
480,000
300,000
iO,000
370,000
110,000
175,000
150,000
125,0* .0
75,000
3oo,<xx>
190,000
120,000
80,00X1
80.000
4(1,OOO
300,1 idO
100,000
300.000
95,000
50,000
70,0(10
26,000
2,10,1100
121,769
175,000
100.000
84(1,44:;
255,540
50,000
20,0(XJ
50,000
loojooo
175,0(10
75,000
17.1,000
75,000
I.IO.COO
600
3o,(IOO
20,000
50,000
13,000
992,154
281,250
70,000
20,000
36,000
40,000
20,000
30,000
20.000
105,000
55,000
87,910,597
$3,279,159
* From previous reports.
THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS.
NAME.
WHEN
FOUNDED.
PRESIDENT.
LOCATION.
Hamilton Theological Sem...
Newton Theol. Institution....
Rochester Theological Sem...
Southern Baptist Theol. Sem.
Shurtleff Theological Dept...
Baptist Union Theol. Sem
CVo/.er Theological Seminary.
Vardeman Sell, of Theology..
1R19
1825
1851
1858
1802
1867
1868
1868
E. Dodge, D.D., LL.D
Alvnh Hovey, D.D
A H Strong D D
Hamilton, N. Y
Newton Centre, Mass
Rochester. N. Y
Jas. P. Boyce, D.D., LL.D Louisville , Ky
A. A. Kendrick, D.I) Upper Alton, III
G. W. Korthrup, D.D Morgan Park, III
H. G. Weston, D.D Upland, Pa
W. R. Kothwell, D.D Liberty, Mo
a
H O
f,
H
PROPERTY.
ENDOW
MENT.
f-
f-
VI
5
36
$70.000
832,750
6
67
426,878
314,<M)1
8
70
450,000
300,000
4
89
300,000
300,000
7
78
4
42
403,000
244,130
3
48
40,000
37
430
$1,689,878
$1,191,081
LEARNING
679
LEARNING
BAPTIST INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING Continued.
ACADEMIES, SEMINARIES, AND FEMALE COLLEGES.
NAME.
PH
Alabama Central Female Col. 1857
Atlanta Baptist Seniinaryf ... Is7<>
Baptist Female College IS."), 7 )
PRESIDENT,
H
LOCATION.
Tuscaloosa Ala 1- Ho
ENDOW-
1 RUl KKTY. MhST _
$100,000
12,MOO
Rev. J. T. Robert, LL.D
. ohii F. Lanncay, A.M
11. J. Greenwell, A.M
.). 11. Luther, D.D
K. .1. (loodspeed, D.I)
Atlanta, Ga 4 100
Lexington, Mo : 12 133
Bardstown, Ky 7 :
Independence, Texas lo loo
Columbia, S. C 150
Bardstown M.and F. College. 1842
Baylor Female College Is40
Benedict Institute! l7o
20,00(
43,701 18,700
Bethel Female College 1852
Broaddus Female College 1S71
Burlington Colored Institute. 1852
Cedar Valley Seminary* 1S03
Central Female Institute 1*5:5
Chowun Baptist Female lust. 1848
J. W. Rust, A.M
Rev E. .J. Willis, LL.D
llopkinsville, Ky S , lot)
Clarksburg, W. Va 7 75
Burlington, Iowa : 00
l(),OOl
50,0111 20,000
22.001 !),000
20,<li M
Rev. A. Hush, A.M
Osage, Iowa : 172
Clinton Miss 7 104
MuH reesborough, N. C... 8 00
New London, N. H G 70
Hamilton, N.Y 5 i 111
Sutlield, Conn 7 110
Havana, N. Y 10 120
5<l,00(
James P Dixon, A.M
181,001 81.000
125,001 55,000
100,0(10 28,000
108.708
25,000 i
1
Colgate Academy 1872-
Kev. F. W. Towle, A.M
Martin 11. Smith, A.M
>n.f. A. C. Hill
rof. J. J. RucUer
Connecticut Lit. Institution... 1833
Georgetown Female Sem 1S4U
Georgetown, Ky 10 115
Madison, Ga,.... 5 70
rof T 11 Storts
Kdinlmrg, Mo 4 L H
10,000
211,00(1
68,0(10 40,000
75,000
25,)00
. Greenville Baptist Fern. Col.. 185 1
Hardin Female College* 1S7:5
Hollin s Institute 1841
>rof. A. S. Townes
rot A W Terrill
Greenville S C .. .. 10 153
Mexico, Mo S i 100
rof. ( has. L. Cocke
Botetourt Springs, Va 12 114
F ist *t Lou s 111 4 S4
Jmlson Female Institute 18,i9
L. R. Gwaltnev, D.D
Rev J H Harris, A.M
Marion, Ala 10 115
Factoryville, Pa 7
New Orleans La 5 148
50,000 1
30,000 |
85,000 10,000
Leland University! IS
Lea Female College 1877
.Mary Sharp College 1830
Rev. Selh J. Axtell, .Tr
Rev. C. H. Otken. A.M
Z. 0. Graves, LL.D
S. II. Baker, A.M
Summit, Miss 6
10,000
Owatonna, Minn 6 1715
Mount Pleasant, Pa ! G
12,000 5,190
Mount Pleasant Institute 1S73
Nashville Institute! 1865
Nntrhc7. Seminarvt 1877
Rev. Lerov Stevens, A.M
D. W. Phillips, D.D
Rev. Charles Aver
25,000
80,000
Natche/, Miss j 4 I . O
15,000
Normal and Theol. School.... 1878
I eddie Institute : 1805
Reid Institute 1862
Rev. II. Woodsmall
Rev. E. J. Avery, A.M
C. A. Gilbert, A.M
Selma, Ala :
Hightstown, N. J : 10
Reidsburg, Pa 3
125,000 1,000
10,000
: Richmond Institute.! 1807
Shaw University! 1805
Rev. C II. Corey, A.M
Rev. H. M. Tupper, A.M
Prof. H. K.Trask
Prof. R. P. Rider
W F Mirtin A M
Richmond, Va <>
Raleigb, N. C 15 : ^"7
Bridgeton, N. J lo .
Columbia, Mo 14 170
Lewisburg, Pa 4 <>5
125,000
75,000
50,000 20,000
Stephen s Female College 1850
University Female Institute. ]840
Jonathan Jones, A.M
H. M. Willard, A.M
]{ ev G M P Kin"
Lewisburg, Pa 1" 7 ^
Saxton s River, Vt
Washington, D C 7
75,000
142,000 100,000
4(),HOO
5o,(;oo l .1,000
200,000 8:5,000
\Vayland University 1855
] Worcester Academy 1834
i Wyoming Seminary 1807
Young Ladies Institute 1832
N. E. Wood, A.M
Nath. Leavenworth, A.M
Rev. M. Heath, A.M
I). Shepardson, D.I)
15eaver Dam Wis G 120
Worcester, Mass 4
Wyoming, Del 5 88
Grauville, -> 10
j
Total number 48... i 350 j 5522 | 82,388,408 $489,890
* From previous reports.
f- Under the auspices of the American Baptist Home Missiou Society.
Bristol College
Chilwell College (Gen. Bap).
Rawdon College
Pontypool College
Regent s Park College
Haverfordwest College
Theol. Institution ot Scotland.
Pastor s 1 Allege (Spurgeou s).
Llangollen 1802
Manchester Bap Theol. Inst.j 1800
1720
17!)7
1804
1807
1810
1839
1850
1850
ENGLAND, WALES, AND SCOTLAND.*
PUF.SIDENT.
LOCATION.
F. W. Gotch, LL.D Bristol
Rev. F. Goadby, B.A Nottingham
Rev. T. G. Rooke, B.A Rawdon, Yorkshire
Rev. W. M. Lewis, A.M Pontypool, Wales
Joseph Angus D D., M.R.A.S ... London
Thomas Davies, D.I) Haverfordwest, Wales....
James Culross, D.I) Glasgow
Rev. C. II. Spnrgeon London
Hugh Jones, D.D Llangollen, North Wales.
Rev. Edward Parker Brighton Grove, M eh t r.
Total number..
.10
PROPERTY.
ENDOW-
M WI.
* These institutions had an income of $80,000 in 1880.
LEA VfTT
680
LECOMPTE
BAPTIST INSTITUTION S OF LEARNING Continued.
CANADA. ONTARIO.
NAME.
.1
= y. PRESIDENT.
LOCATION.
o
s.
hH
STUDENTS.
PROPERTY.
ENDOW
MENT.
UPV. John Tominre, M.A
10
lN*l J 11 Castle D 1)
3
Total
13
NOVA SCOTIA.
_
H
.
KAMI:.
w p
PRESIDENT.
LOCATION.
K
H
PROPERTY.
ENDOW-
Z =>
^ I
*s
H
1-1
oa
A. W. Sinvver, I) I)
8
75
In addition to these, wo have missionary colleges
and theological institutions in Jamaica, Burmah,
India, France, Germany, and Sweden.
The Hollis family of London, earnest Baptists,
were such generous friends of education, that down
to 1735 they gave more than " 6000 currency of
Massachusetts to Harvard College, then a Congre
gational institution, that New England might have
literary advantages. We had no American Bap
tist colleges in that day to receive such benefac
tions.
In establishing and sustaining institutions of
learning, and in extending general education
throughout our entire country, no denomination
occupies a more honored place than the Baptists.
Leavitt, Rev. Samuel K., was born at Levant,
Me., June 23, 1830; graduated at Colby University
in 18")") ; after graduation taught in the literary
and scientific institution at New London, N. II.,
in the high school at Ilolyoke, Mass., and at Halli-
well, Me. In 1857 removed to Evansville, Ind.,
where he studied law and remained in the legal
profession until the spring of 1870, with an inter
ruption of three years service in the army as cap
tain in the 65th Regiment of Ind. Inf. Vols. Was
converted in college in 1852, and baptized at Iloly
oke in 1S55 by llev. James French. In the spring
of 1872 was ordained to the work of the ministry
at Evansville, Ind. Has had only two pastorates,
the first at Keokuk, Iowa, and the second at First
church, Cincinnati, O.. from December, 1872. to the
present time, lie is an earnest, thorough-going
man, and ho is profoundly interested in the reform
atory as well as the religious movements of the
day.
Lecompte, Rev. Edwin Augustus, was born
in Boston, Sept, 14, 1835. lie was religiously
trained at home, and in the Sunday-school of the
Charles Street Baptist church, under the ministra
tions of the Rev. Dr. Sharp. Having gone through
the course of study pursued in the excellent schools
of his native city, he decided to devote himself to
business. When but fifteen years of age he was
hopefully converted, and was baptized by Rev. A.
II. Burlingham, then pastor of the Harvard Street
church, Boston. His attention was now turned to
the Christian ministry, and in order to fit himself
for his chosen work he pursued his preparatory
studies in part at the Middleborough Academy,
under the tuition of Prof. J. W. P. Jenks. and
graduated with honor at Harvard University in the
class of 1862. ;% His subsequent work proved that
i his intellectual as well as moral culture was broad
! and thorough." He was ordained as pastor of the
Fourth Street church, in South Boston, July 30,
1862. For seven years he labored successfully with
this church, and then accepted a call to the pas
torate of the First Baptist church, in Syracuse,
1 N. Y., where he remained until 1864, when he was
called back to his native State and became pastor
of the Worthen Street church, Lowell, Mass. Here
for fifteen years he " made full proof of his minis
try," and his work was respected in the commu
nity in which he lived, inasmuch as he brought to
the discharge of his duties a well-cultivated intel
lect and a warm, gentle, and guileless heart. "He
was one of those men for whom we are never
called on to explain or apologize." He died March
2, 1880, not having quite reached the forty-fifth
year of his age.
68 1
LKK
Lee, Rev. David, was born in Johnston Co.,
N. C., Feb. 4, 1805. With his father, Joel Lee, and
family, he removed to Alabama and settled in
Coneculi County in 1817. David Lee was happily
converted, and in November, 1827, was baptized by
Rev. Alex. Travis, and the next year began to ex
hort sinners to repentance. Was ordained in 1833
by Revs. David Peebles and Alexander Watson,
lias been pastor of Ilopewell church, at Mount
Willing, ever since he entered the ministry, and
from time to time of other churches, lias attended
every meeting, save one. of the Alabama Associa
tion since 1833, and has been moderator of that
body for about thirty-five years, and is one of the
best presiding officers in the State. All his life as
a man and a minister he has exerted a commanding
influence in that large and powerful Association.
Has written extensively and ably for our religious
papers; has ever been in good worldly circum
stances.
Lee, Franklin, Esq., was born in Xew Jersey
in 1787 ; was a member of the Second Baptist
church, Philadelphia. Pa., for move than fifty years,
FRAXKUX LEE, ESQ.
and for about thirty years an honored deacon, lie
was treasurer of the Philadelphia Baptist Associa
tion for many years. He was a representative from
Philadelphia in the Pennsylvania Legislature, and
he held other public positions of importance in
times when such offices sought the men to fill them.
In his own church he was familiarly known as
" Father Lee," and every member of it felt a special
interest in him. He was known and venerated by
44
the whole denomination in Eastern Pennsylvania ;
he held a high place in the regards of all the
leadinir citizens of Philadelphia among whom
he mingled in business pursuits and in patriotic
efforts.
His doctrinal sentiments accorded with those
proclaimed by Dr. Gill and taught by inspired
Paul ; he was deeply devotional in his religious
exercises, a generous friend of missions at home
and abroad, and a liberal contributor to the neces
sities of the poor. While broad in his charities,
Mr. Lee was a strong Baptist, and no struggling
community of his denomination ever vainly ap
pealed to him. For years before his death his ordi
nary gifts to the poor and the cause of Christ were
about two thousand dollars annually.
Intimately conversant with God s Word, of which
he was a diligent and intelligent student, he was
strengthened by its doctrines and its promises, and
led a life marked by unspotted purity. His hope
was unusually bright ; he often quoted the words
of the poet to express his experience.
" Mure happy, Imt not more secure,
The glorified spirits in heaven.
Tie entered the eternal inheritance Dec. 13, 1861,
mourned by throngs in whose hearts he will ever
live, and from whose memories the records of his
worth can never be obliterated.
Lee, Rev. Hanson, distinguished as an edu
cator, preacher, and editor, was born in Xorth
Carolina, but reared in Alabama, where he received
a line classical education, and afterward graduated
at the Southwestern Theological Seminary, Marys-
ville, Tenn. After several successful pastorates in
Alabama, he became president of Mossy Creek
College, Eastern Tennessee. In 18.")4 he came to
Mount Lebanon. La., where he founded the Loui-
niiiiiii Hii itHst. which took rank among the best
Southern religious journals. In connection with
his intelligent wife he also founded Mount Lebanon
Female College. He died May 7, 1862.
Lee, Rev. Jason, son of Rev. Joseph Lee, of
Long Island. X. Y., was ordained pastor of the
First Baptist church in East Lyme. Conn., in 1774,
and with great honor sustained this relation till
his death, which occurred in 1810, in the seventieth
year of his age, and the thirty-sixth of his pas
torate.
Lee, Rev. Jesse, was born in Alabama in 1803 ;
became a preacher in 1837. He removed to Caddo
Parish. La., in 1847. Through his labors the
Shreveport church was greatly strengthened, and
a large church built up at Summer Grove, of which
he was pastor more than twenty years. He died
Oct. 9, 1872.
Lee, Rev. S. C., pastor at Farmersville, La.,
and editor of the Baptist Messenger, was born in
Alabama in 1826 ; has served several churches in
LKIG/f
6S2
LELAXJ)
Concord Association, La., and has been often elected
moderator of that body, lie conceived the idea of
establishing the Concord Institute, and as agent
secured in a few months an endowment of $14,000.
Leigh, Hon. John T., is descended from Revo
lutionary stock, lie was born in New .Jersey in
ISiM. At twelve years of age he went into a store
at New Brunswick as clerk. In 1844 lie began
business at Clinton, N. J., and has risen to a promi
nent place among business men in the community.
lie \vasone of the founders of the Clinton National
Hank, has been twice mayor, and he lias been a
member of the Legislature. He is a deacon of the
Baptist church in Clinton.
Leland, Rev. Aaron, lieutenant-governor of
Vermont, was born in Holliston, Mass., May 28.
1701. lie became a member of the Baptist church
in Bellingham, Mass., in ITS."), and soon after was
licensed by Unit church to preach. He removed to
Chester, Yt., where, in ITS ,), a small church of only
ten members was formed, of which lie took the pas
toral charge. In ten years the church had grown
so large, in consequence of a great revival which
spread through that section, that it became neces
sary to divide it, and four churches were set off
from the parent stock.
Mr. Leland did not confine his ministerial labors
to his own vicinity, but went out, as our fathers in
the ministry were wont to do, into the surrounding
districts, making disciples and then gathering them
into Christian churches. " It was not uncommon for
him during the early years of his ministry to go
from fourteen to twenty miles through the wilder
ness to attend a funeral.
Mr. Leland, from his known intelligence, and be
cause in his political sentiments he harmonized
with the people of the district in which he lived,
was often called upon to act in civil affairs. For
nine years he was representative in the General
Assembly. He was speaker of the House for three
years, and one of the governor s council for four
years. For five years he was lieutenant-governor
of the State, a part of the time being associated with
Rev. Ezra Butler, who was governor. Probably
this is the only instance in the history of the
country where two Baptist ministers occupied to-
gether the two highest posts of honor within the
gift of their fellow-citi/ens, as officers of a State
government. For eighteen years he was one of the
assistant justices of the County Court. He was
proposed as a candidate for governor in 1828, but
feeling that he must separate himself too much from
the work of the ministry if he accepted the position,
he declined to run for the office. We are told that
" he had high qualifications for a popular and ef
fective preacher. He had a noble form ; a mind
of a powerful cast, that perceived quickly and
composed easily ; a voice of vast compass, but
smooth and mellow; great facility of utterance,
and great fervor of spirit ; clear, but impassioned,
he would carry with him the multitude irresist
ibly." With such traits of character, and ready to
enlist heartily in any and every good cause, it is no
wonder that he wielded an extensive influence
throughout the State of Vermont. " lie had great
influence among his brethren, and commanded
their high respect, as was evident from their al
most uniformly making him the moderator of their
meetings. He was a wise and safe counselor, al
ways bringing to his aid the best light he was able
to command, and forming his judgment with a dis
creet reference to all the circumstances of the case.
He was one of the Fellows of Middlebury College,
and received from that institution in IS 14. arid from
Brown University in 1815. the honorary degree of
Master of Arts. He died Aug. 20. 1838.
Leland, Rev. John, was born in (Jrafton, Mass.,
May 14, 1704. At the age of eighteen he passed
through an experience not unlike that of John
REV. JOHN Ll .I.AM).
Bunyan, coming out gradually into the liberty of
the gospel. Within a month after his conversion,
in June, 1774, he made his first attempt at public
speaking. Having connected himself with the
church in Mount Poney, Culpeper Co., Va., he was
ordained by the choice of the church. He preached
from place to place, everywhere proclaiming " the
unsearchable riches of Christ." Wonderful revi
vals everywhere followed the labors of Mr. Leland
in Virginia. Hundreds came under the power
of converting grace, and professed their faith in
LELAND
683
LEMEN
Christ. The summary of his labors during the
fifteen years of his ministry in Virginia is thus re
corded, 3009 sermons preached, 700 persons bap
tized, and two large churches formed, one of
300 members, and another of 200.
Having finished the work which he thought
!iis .Master had given him to do in Virginia,
Mr. Leland returned to his native State, and
made his home for the most of the remainder
of his life in Cheshire, Mass. Here, and in
the region about, the same power and the
same success followed his ministry. He re
ports the whole number of persons whom he
had baptized down to 1821 as 1352. "Some
of them," he says, "have been men of wealth
and rank, and ladies of quality, but the chief
part have been in the middle and lower grades
of life. Ten or twelve of them have engaged
to preach." Missionary tours were made in
almost every direction, and multitudes crowded
to hear him. The story of the mammoth
cheese sent by the people of Cheshire to
President Jefferson belongs to this period.
He was the bearer of the gift to Washington.
41 Mr. Jefferson," remarks Rev. J. T. Smith,
" treated him with much deference, among other
things taking him into the Senate chamber/ Year
after year he went on doing that special work to
which he believed the Lord had called him. " From
seventy to beyond eighty years of age he probably
averaged more sermons a week than most settled
pastors." And it is interesting to have the follow
ing recorded of him by one who could speak intel
ligently about him, "The large attendance on his
preaching was as creditable to the hearers as to the
preacher. A sensational preacher lie was not, nor
a mere bundle of eccentricities. The discrimina
ting and thoughtful listened to him with the most
interest and attention." He was evidently "a born
preacher." The life of a settled pastor would have
been irksome to him. He wanted freedom from all
restraint, and to do his own work at his own time
and in his own way. In politics he was a Democrat
of the Jeffersonian school, a hater of all oppression,
whether civil or ecclesiastical. His warmest sym
pathies went out to his Baptist brethren in their
efforts to secure a complete divorce of the Church
from the State. Everywhere he pleaded with all the
energy of his soul for civil and religious liberty,
and he had the satisfaction of seeing it at last come
out of the conflict victorious over all foes. Among
the class of ministers whom (Jod raised up during
the last century to do the special work which it
was given the Baptist denomination to perform,
John Leland occupies a conspicuous place. We
doubt if his equal will ever be seen again. Mr.
Leland died Jan. 14, 1841.
Leland University, located at New Orleans,
La., was founded by the munificence of Ilolbrook
Chamberlain, under the direction of the Home
Mission Society. It is devoted to the education
LET, AM) UNIVERSITY, NEW ORLEANS. LA.
of freedmen. Mr. Chamberlain first gave $12.500
to found it, and the amount was duplicated by
contributors to the society. He then gave 5000
more towards the buildings. He and his wife not
only donated money to this noble object, but lent
also their hearty personal efforts. This school has
now been in successful operation several years,
and has the warm sympathy of the Baptists of the
city, and indeed of the Southwest. It is an im
portant factor in the evangelization of the freed
men of the South.
Lemen. Rev. James, was born in Berkeley Co.,
A T a., in 1760. In early life he was one of those
who went North from Virginia with Gen. Wash
ington, and was in some of the noted actions of the
war of the Revolution. Returning to Virginia he
settled near Wheeling, but in 1786 removed to Illi
nois, being one of the earliest settlers in that re
gion of then almost unbroken wilderness. He
went down the Ohio River in a flat-boat, with his
family, and after much exposure and disaster ar
rived at length, though with a loss of all his house
hold goods, which the river in the wrecking of his
boat had swallowed up. His first homo in Illinois
was near Kaskaskia, at New Design, on the road
from Kaskaskia to St. Louis. For many years his
house was a stopping-place for travelers between the
two places, and they were always entertained with
Western hospitality. Under the preaching of Rev.
James Smith, the first evangelical minister to visit
Illinois, Mr. Lemen experienced conversion in 1787,
but did not make a profession of his faith in bap
tism until 1794, when with his wife and two others
LKVKN
084
LENOX
he was bapti/.ed by Ilev. Josiah Dodge. This was
the first instance (if the administration of baptism
in what is now the State of Illinois. Two years,
later Mr. Lemen and his wife united with a few
others in forming the first Christian church in
Illinois, their minister being Kev. David Badgley.
The Baptists thus led the way in the work of estab
lishing ehnrches in the great Prairie State;. Kven
before Mr. Leinen had experienced conversion he
had been one of a small company who met together
on the Lord s day to read the Scriptures, with a
sermon whenever one could be procured. After his
conversion he was able to accompany these exer
cises with prayer. Finally, in I SOS, he was li
censed to preach, being now nearly fifty years of
age. From that time until his death he was an ac
tive, /ealous, and useful minister of the gospel,
associating this with other public duties, such as.
for some years, justice of the peace, and also as one
of the judges of the County Court, lie died -Ian. 8,
1823, aged sixty-two. His son. James Lemen. -Jr.,
who was in the ministry before him and assisted at
his ordination, also preached his funeral sermon.
Lemen, Rev. James, Jr., third son of the fore
going, was born at New Design, 111., Oct. S. 1TS7.
Converted at the age of twenty, he immediately
began preaching, even before he had united with
any church. -Joining the church at New Design,
he was by that church ordained, and he continued
in the duties of an active ministry in various parts
of Southern Illinois for more than sixty years, lie
took an active part also in public affairs ; was
during sixteen years a member of the Legislature,
both as representative and as senator. An election
to the U. S. Senatorship was offered him but de
clined, lie died Feb. 8, 1S70, aged eighty-two.
Lemen, James H., was one of the family of
Lemens who came into Illinois among its earliest
settlers. lie died in O Fallon, Madison Co., Sept.
12, 1872, at the age of sixty-five. He had been
a member of Bethel church since the age of
twelve, was for many years clerk of the church,
and for twenty years clerk of the South District
Association.
Lemen, Rev. Joseph, was the second son of
James Lemen, Sr., and was born near Harper s
Ferry, Va.. Sept. 8, 1785. lie was only nine
months old when his parents removed to Illinois.
He was converted at a camp-meeting near Ed-
wardsville, 111., conducted by the Methodist bishop,
McKendree, and by two Baptist ministers,
" Father Clark" and James Lemen, Sr. He was
ordained Feb. 4, 1810, and was an active and use
ful minister for fifty-one years. He died June 28,
1801, at the age of seventy -five.
Lemen, Rev. Josiah, was born Aug. 15, 1794,
at New Design, 111. lie was the sixth child of
James Lemen, Sr. He also, like his brothers
Joseph, Moses, and James, became a minister of
the gospel, lie was bapti/.ed May 2, 1811), by Kev.
John Clark, known in the former history of Illinois
as "Father Clark," and united with the Canton,
now Bethel church, near the place of his birth.
He died July 11, 1*02, aged seventy-two.
Lemen, Rev. Moses, was the youngest son of
James Lemen, Sr., and he was born at the Illinois
home of that remarkable family, Sept. 3. 17 ( J7.
Though converted at ten years of age. he did not
unite with the church until his twenty-second year.
He was then bapti/.ed by " Father Clark." He and
his brother Josiah were both bapti/.ed and ordained
at the same time, their ordination occurring March
24, 1822. Moses Lemen, during thirty-six years,
was one of the most laborious and useful ministers
in Illinois. He died March 5, 185 ( J, aged sixty-
one.
Lemen, Rev. Sylvester, was also of the famous
Lemen family, of Illinois, and he was for many
years a member of the Bethel church. He died at
Belleville, 111., Sept. 28, 1872. at the age of fifty-six.
He was, during some thirty-five years, one of the
active and useful members of the South District
Association.
Lennon, Rev. Haynes, was born Dec. 15, 181 o ;
was deeply impressed with a desire to seek the
Saviour at four years of age. but did not join a
church till twenty-three ; was bapti/.ed by Kev.
AVm. Ayers. in June, 1839; began to preach in
May, 1841. and was ordained in March, 1842, Rev.
Wm. Ayers and Kev. Dwight Hayes forming the
Presbytery. lie has been the pastor of the Antioch
church, in Robinson County, N. C., for thirty-eight
years, and of several others nearly as long. He
! was moderator of the Cape Fear Association, the
second largest in the State, from 1850 U> 1878. with
the exception of the sessions of 1804 and 1805,
when he was absent on account of sickness. In
1870 he became general superintendent of missions
in his Association, and has been eminently useful in
developing a missionary spirit among the churches.
He is still an active and effective minister.
Lenox, Judge David T., whose parents were
Scotch Methodists, was born at Catskill, N. Y., in
1801. lie was baptized at llushville, 111., in 1832,
with his wife (Miss Louisa Swan, of Lexington,
Ky.). He organized and superintended two Sun
day-schools ; he removed to Missouri in 1840 ;
joined the Todd s Creek church : was clerk of the
church and Association until 1843, when he re
moved to Oregon, and located on the Tualatin
Plains; found five other Baptists in the wilderness,
invited them to his house and there organized the
West Union church, the first Baptist church west
of the llocky Mountains. In 1852 he spent $1500
of his own money, and raised $1200, to build a
church edifice, lie was deacon of the church. He
LEONAKD
685
LESLIE
was district judge and judge of Probate Court
many years. In 1856 he removed to Weston,
Eastern Oregon, where he closed a useful arid
consecrated life, Nov. 4, 1873.
Leonard, Rev. George, was born in Raynham,
Mass., Aug. 17, 1802. He entered Brown Univer
sity and graduated in 1824. lie studied subse
quently at the Newton Theological Institution, and
was one of the first students who graduated from
that seat of sacred learning. lie was ordained
pastor of the Second Baptist church in Salem,
Mass., in August, 1826, where he labored until
compelled to resign on account of ill health. On
the 4th of July, 1830, he began his ministry as
pastor of the First Baptist church in Portland, Me.
Again his health failed. He gave up all ministerial
work, and died at last, Aug. 11, 1831. in Worcester,
Mass. If Mr. Leonard had been blessed with good
health, and had lived longer, it may be safely pre
dicted that he would have taken a high place among
the ablest ministers of his denomination. Both the
churches he served revere his memory.
Leonard, Judge John, was born in Knox Co.,
O., Aug. 20, 1825. lie attended Denison Univer
sity, at Granville, 0. On leaving college he located
in Morrow County, and at the age of twenty-three
was elected county surveyor. While holding this
office he devoted his spare time entirely to the study
of law, and in 1852 was admitted to the bar in
Wooster, Wayne Co., O. In the summer of 1853
lie came to Iowa, and settled at Winterset, where
he opened a law-office, and gradually built up an
extensive practice. In 1X6*2 he was elected district
attorney, but resigned in 1864. In January, 1874,
lie entered upon his duties as judge of the Fifth Ju
dicial District, to which he had been recently elected,
and in which he continued to serve till the expira
tion of his term of office. He is an earnest and
studious reader, especially in the line of his pro
fession, and has one of the best libraries of any
lawyer in Southwestern Iowa. He has long been
a member of the Baptist church, and he is exem
plary and faithful in his life and church relations.
He still resides in Winterset, where his home has
been for more than twenty-seven years. His eldest
son, Byram Leonard, an attorney of much promise,
u man of sterling Christian worth, and an earnest
worker in the Baptist church of which he was a
valued member, died in 1879, in his early manhood,
and in the midst of a useful life.
Leonard, L. G., D.D., was born in Monson,
Mass., Jan. 6, 1810 ; graduated at Newton in 1836 :
the same year became pastor of the church in
Webster, Mass., where he remained nearly seven
years. After two short pastorates in Thompson
and New London, Conn., he took charge, in 1848,
of the Market Street church, Zanesville, 0. From
1855 to 1863 was pastor at Marietta, 0., where he
was the means not only of greatly strengthening
the home church, but was instrumental in forming
several new churches in the surrounding country.
In 1X63 he took charge of the church at Lebanon,
0., remaining until 1X72, when lie became pastor
of the church at Bucyros, a position which he still
holds.
Dr. Leonard has been closely identified with
Baptist interests in Ohio. For thirty years he has
been a member of the board of trustees of Denison
University. His pastorates have been long and
fruitful. A wise counselor and a faithful toiler for
Christ, he has received during his many years of
service the highest esteem and affection.
Leslie, Gov. Preston H., was born in Clinton
Co., Ky., March 8, 1819, and was educated in the
schools of his vicinity until the age of sixteen.
Upon leaving school he spent a portion of his time
GOV. FRESTOX II. LESLIE.
upon a farm near Louisville. At the age of eighteen
he accepted a position in a store in Clinton County,
and shortly afterwards entered the county clerk s
office as a deputy. After this he attended a school
of higher grade, and applied himself to study with
great diligence, committing to memory the whole
of a text-book on logic within a few weeks. When
he left this school he entered the law-office of (Jen.
Rice Maxey, since Judge Maxey, of Texas, and
father of United States Senator S. B. Maxey, of
that State. In 1841 he was admitted to the bar.
While a law-student, or just before he began the
study of law, he professed religion and joined a
Baptist church, and from that time made the Bible
LKXUK
686
LKTTKKS
his study and his guide. When he commenced the
practice of law he formed a resolution not to advo
cate knowingly an unjust cause for any considera
tion, and lie determined never to neglect his duty
to God for any worldly advantage however great.
On these principles he began the business of life,
and it, is believed that he has adhered to them with
unyielding tenacity. 1 1 is success was assured from
the beginning. From IS4l> until 1853 his residence
was njion a farm on Cumberland River, in Jackson
Co., Tenn. Here lie divided his time between
farming and his profession. A few years later he
removed to Glasgow, Ky., where ho now resides,
lie was tirst elected to the Legislature from Monroe
County in 1844, and was re-elected in 1850. lie
represented Barren and Monroe Counties in the
State Senate from 1851 to 18")."), and again in 1807,
occupying the speaker s chair in the Senate in
18( ) ( .l. On the resignation of Gov. Stevenson lie
became governor ex-J)i<-h> until the expiration of
the term, in 1871. During that year he was elected
governor by the extraordinary majority of 37,1") ).
In the discharge of his duties as chief magistrate
he attained a national reputation for diligence,
wisdom, and integrity. At the close of his term,
in 1875, he returned to his home in Glasgow and
resumed his legal practice. Gov. Leslie is as faith
ful to his church as to the State, and he allows
nothing but Providential circumstances to detain
him from public worship or to prevent him from
taking an active part in the business of his church.
lie superintended the Sunday-school at the Baptist
church in Frankfort while he was governor, and
was frequently moderator of the General Asso
ciation of the Baptists. The State and the Church
alike are justly proud of this pure statesman and
devoted Christian.
Leslie, Rev. Robert, was born in Edinburgh,
Scotland, in 1838, and came with his parents to the
United States in 1851, stopping at Chicago, 111.,
but subsequently locating at Schenectady, N. Y.
In 1850 the family again removed to the West, es
tablishing their home this time at Clinton. Iowa.
According to the old established rule among the
Scotch Presbyterians, the parents of Mr. Leslie
designed him for the ministry, and while yet quite
young he attended for some time the Rev. Dr. An
drew Thompson s school in Edinburgh. The con
version of his parents to Baptist views, and their
removal to the United States, somewhat modified
and changed these early purposes and also inter
rupted his education. Converted at the age of
sixteen, he made a profession of religion in 1854,
and united with the Baptist church in Clinton,
Iowa. After his union with the church he prose
cuted, in connection with his father, the business
of architect and builder. During a number of
years he had a painful conflict with his convictions
with reference to the Christian ministry, which
finally culminated in his happy and entire conse
cration to that work. He was educated at the
University of Chicago, graduating in the class of
1869, and at the Chicago Theological Seminary,
graduating in 1870. lie was ordained Oct. 12. 1870,
as pastor of the Baptist church at Anamosa. Iowa.
He was subsequently settled at Joliet. 111., and in
Waverly, Iowa. He took charge of the Baptist
church in Waukesha, Wis., Aug. 1. 1*7 .). where ho
is now the highly esteemed and useful pastor of
the church of which Dr. Robert Boyd was pastor
emeritus until his death. Thoroughly educated,
fully consecrated to the work of the ministry, sound
in his views of truth, and the pastor of one of the
best churches in Wisconsin, Mr. Leslie has before
him a bright and most promising future.
Lester, James S., was born in A irginia: is now
over eighty years old ; was a soldier against the In
dians and Mexicans in Texas in 184l> ; was a mem
ber of the convention and signed the declaration of
independence of Texas. March 12, 183d -. has been a
consistent Baptist all his life : a trustee of and
liberal contributor to the endowment of Baylor
University, joined the Baptist church in Texas at
an early age. and lives now among his old friends
in the enjoyment of their warm regard, lie is one
of the remarkable men of Texas.
Letters of Dismission are granted to members
to unite with other churches of the same faith and
gospel order. A letter of dismission is only a rec
ommendation to the brother in whose favor it is
granted. No church is obliged to receive it or him.
It is found by experience that a letter should always
be addressed to a particular church. < Jeneral letters
are unfavorable to permanent church relations. The
letter is wisely limited in time, expiring in three.
six, or twelve months. Until the accceptance of the
letter by another church the person in whose favor
it has been issued retains his membership in the
church granting it unless a by-law provides other
wise. Authority to unite with another church ceases
when the date of limitation in the letter is passed.
According to Baptist usage the applicant for a letter
should pay his church dues, if he is able, before he
receives it. After receiving his letter of dismission,
if he changes his mind about uniting with another
community, he should return the letter to the
church or its clerk. While retaining the letter, and
before its date of limitation is reached, though still
a member of the church, he should not vote at
church meetings or take any part in the regular
business of the church.
Every Baptist has a right to obtain a letter to
unite with a regular Baptist church unless there is
a charge against him. And this privilege, it is
believed, would be sustained by the civil courts.
And for the same reason, if a member is excluded
L EVERETT
687
LEVERING
from a church contrary to its by-laws, or, if it has
none, against the usages of the denomination, the
courts would order his restoration. An English
authority recently makes the following statement
on this question : " The courts say to a church, chapel,
company, club, or partnership. Make what contract
you please, but when the agreement in made -we will
see that it in kept." There is no reason to doubt
but that this is the law in every State of the Union
for every association, secular and religious, legally
holding real estate. When a member asks for a
letter, and there is no accusation against him before
the disciplinary committee or the church, unless
some grave breach of duty has been committed no
charge should be brought then. Baptist usage re
quires the clerk of a church receiving a letter to
notify the church granting it that the brother com
mended by it has been received into fellowship.
Regular Baptist churches do not grant letters of
dismission to Pedobaptist religious communities.
Neither do they receive letters from these bodies
except as testimonials.
Form of a Letter of Dismission.
The Baptist church of to the Baptist
church of -
DKAK BRKTIIKEV :
This is to certify that is a member with
us in good standing and full fellowship ; and at his
own request he is hereby dismissed from us to
unite with you. When received, by you his con
nection with us will cease.
By order of the church.
, C/iiu-r/t Clerk.
This letter will be valid for six months.
Leverett, Prof. Warren, was bom D<>c. H),
1.S05 ; he and his twin-brother, Prof. Washington
Leverett, are sons of William and Lydia (Fuller)
Leverett, of Brookline, Mass. At the age of fourteen
the two brothers went to live with Samuel Griggs,
Esq., a brother of Mrs. Leverett s second husband,
a farmer residing in Rutland, Vt. Here they re
mained until they reached their majority. In the
mean time they had experienced conversion, and
leaving the home in Vermont that they might pur
sue study under the direction of their eldest brother,
llev. William Leverett, of Roxbury, they united
with the Baptist church in Cambridgeport. Sep
tember, 1828, they entered Brown University,
graduating in 1832. For a time the brothers were
separated, Washington becoming one of the faculty
of Columbian College, Washington, D. C.. and
Warren being compelled by broken health to travel,
though engaged occasionally in teaching. He re
moved to the West and opened a school in Green
ville, 111, and successfully carried it on for a year
and a half, when he removed to Upper Alton, be
coming connected with Shurtleff College, and re
maining in that service until 1868. He died at
Upper Alton in November, 1872. Prof. Leverett s
department in Shurtleff College was that of ancient
languages, in which studies he was a thorough, pro
ficient, and an admirable instructor. While a mem
ber of the church in Cambridgeport he was licensed
as a preacher, and frequently during his life offi
ciated as such with much acceptance.
Leverett, Washington, LL.D. Some account
of the early life of Washington Leverett, professor
in Shurtleff College during so many years, is given
in connection with the notice of his twin-brother,
Prof. Warren Leverett. Washington Leverett,
after two years spent as teacher in Brown Univer
sity, and in Columbian College, Washington, 1). C.,
entered at Newton, where he graduated in 1836.
Receiving at that time a call to the chair of Mathe
matics and Natural Philosophy in Shurtleff Col
lege, he accepted it, and removing to Illinois en
tered at once upon his duties. This post of service
he continued to fill with marked acceptance for
thirty-two years, resigning it in 1868. Since that
date he has continued his connection with the col
lege as a member of the board of trustees, and as
librarian and treasurer. It is justly written of him
that as a teacher lie was eminently successful, and
possessed a thoroughness of scholarship and real
worth that never failed to command the respect of
his pupils, and which has endeared him to a large
circle of warm friends. 1
Levering, Judge Charles, associate judge of
the Circuit Court of Allen Co., ()., was a lineal de
scendant of Wigard Levering, one of the pioneer
settlers of Roxborough, in Philadelphia County,
who emigrated to this country from Germany in
1685.
lie was born in Roxborough township, Dec. 8,
1782.
Mr. Levering received the common rudiments
of an English education at the district school of his
native place.
In 1805 he indulged a hope in Christ, and was
baptized into the fellowship of the Roxborough
Baptist church, of which he was elected deacon
March 24, 1821.
On Sept. 24, 1812, he was married to Esther
Levering, eldest daughter of Deacon Anthony
Levering, of Roxborough, a most estimable Chris
tian wife and mother.
Mr. Levering was a patriot, and during the war
of 1812-14, although he was major of a regiment,
yet when he found his command Avas not to be
ordered into active service until after six months,
he enlisted as a private in the Roxborough Volun
teers, of which company he subsequently became
captain.
In 1822 he removed into the district of South-
wark, and united with the Third church ; subse-
LEVERING
OSS
LEVERING
qucntly lie joined the Second church, during the
pastorate of the Kev. Thomas -I. Kitts.
In IS;;."), Mr. Levering removed to Allen, now
Aughme Co.. 0., soon after which he was appointed
JVIH;E CHARLES I.EVEKINC.
associate judge of the Circuit ( ourt for that county,
which position he held for several years.
He was active in everything pertaining to the
success of our denomination. lie was a constitu
ent member and deacon of the Amanda and Wa-
paukoneta churches, and held the office of deacon
in the latter until his death, which occurred March
14. 1S6O. His remains lie in a country church
yard, on the State road, about five miles north of
Wapaukoneta, the county seat of Auglaize Co., 0.
Levering, Eugene, Sr., was born in Baltimore,
Md., April "24. IS 19. lie traced his family for seven
generations to Rosier Levering, born probably in
France about 1600. who fled to Holland or Ger
many on account of religious persecutions, and
married Elizabeth Van Pe Walle. of Wesel, West
phalia. They had two sons, Wigard and Gehard.
The former, Eugene s ancestor, was born at Gamen,
Westphalia, about Ifi48, and married, in 1671,
Magdalene Boker. In 10X5. accompanied by his
wife and their four children, he came to America
and settled at Germantown. Pa. In 1692 he
removed to Roxborough, where he bought 500
acres of land. Wigard and his wife had ten chil
dren. Their son William, of the third generation,
was born at Mulheim, in Germany, May 4. 1677,
and came to America with his parents. He died
in 1746, leaving five children. The eldest, Wil
liam, of the fourth generation, was born at Rox
borough, August. 170."). He married, May 2, 1732,
Hannah Clement. He built the first hotel at Rox
borough, now known as the Leverington, which
he carried on together with blacksmithing and
farming, his farm embracing 250 acres. lie died
March 30, 1774. The first school-house in Rox
borough was built through his exertions, and he
gave the ground for it in 174S. It is now called
"The Levering Primary School." William and
Hannah had nine children, one of whom. Knoch,
of the fifth generation, was born in Uoxborough,
Feb. 21, 1742. After conducting his large tannery
there for many years, he removed to Baltimore.
Md., between the years 1773 and 177"). Here he
entered extensively into the grocery business. He
married Mary Righter, and died aged fifty-four.
They had nine sons. Peter was the first-born.
Enoch s In-other, Nathan, born in Roxborough, May
19. 1745, gave the lot on which the Uoxborough
Baptist church is built, and superintended its erec
tion. This church, of which he was a constituent
member, met at his residence prior to the erection
of their house of worship. lie also gave the ground
for their cemetery. He was father-in-law to II. G.
.Jones. P.I)., son of Rev. David -Jones. A.M.. a
famous Revolutionary chaplain. Hon. II. G. -Jones,
the son of Pr. Jones, is the author of " A Genea-
El GENK I.KVF.KING. SR.
logical Account" of the Levering family, from which
many of the facts of this article are taken. Peter,
of the sixth generation, was born in Roxborough,
Feb. 14. 1766, and removed to Baltimore with his
LEVERING
689
LEVY
parents, where he became engaged in the shipping
and commission business. lie married. May 22,
1798, Hannah, only daughter of William Wilson,
of the firm of William Wilson & Sons, one of the
most extensive shipping-houses of Baltimore. They
both were members of the First Baptist church.
Mr. Levering united with it late in life, but was a
prominent member of the congregation, and his
house was headquarters for the denomination. He
died Doc. 7, 1843. They had fourteen children,
Eugene being the twelfth, and the 455th descendant
of Rosier Levering. lie was born in Baltimore,
April 24, 1819. After spending some years in
preparation in private schools in Baltimore, he
went to college, but his health compelled him to
relinquish his intention. At an early age he was
converted, and united with the First Baptist church,
of which he became a most useful member. Sub
sequently he became a valued member of the Sev
enth Baptist church, Richard Fuller, D.D., pastor,
of whom he was an intimate friend. He was for
many years the treasurer of the Maryland Baptist
Union Association. He married. Oct. 4. 1842. Ann,
daughter of Joshua and Mary E. Walker, of Balti
more, and a descendant of Henry Sater, who came
from England in 1709, and through whose liberality
and efforts the first Baptist church in Maryland
was formed. They had twelve children, nine of
whom are now living. In 1842 he commenced
business, in partnership with his brother, Frederick
A., who married Martha E. Johnson, grandniece
of the first governor of Maryland. Levering & Co.
soon became a leading house in their business, and
not only established for themselves an enviable
reputation, but also added much to the prosperity
of Baltimore. In 1861, when the war began, owing
to their extensive trade with the Southern States,
where they were unable to collect their debts, they
were compelled to suspend and to compromise with
all their creditors for fifty cents on the dollar. But
near the close of the war, so successful and con
scientious were they, that they paid the entire ob
ligation, from which they had been legally released,
with interest, amounting to nearly 100,000. In
1866, upon the death of his brother, Euirene took
into partnership with him his sons AVilliam T.,
Eugene, and Joshua. The house took a position at
the head of their special trade, and has been greatly
instrumental in making Baltimore second in im
portance in their branch of business in the United
States. Mr. Levering died, after an illness of four
months, in June, 1870. He left S30,000 to chari
table and religious objects. He made his three
sons his executors, and left them in charge of the
business. The present firm, composed of his sons
William T., Eugene, Joshua, and Lconidas, suc
ceeded the old firm in January, 1X75, upon the set
tlement of their father s estate. It is the largest
house in their business in Baltimore, and the third
or fourth in the United States. Eugene is presi
dent of the National Bank of Commerce. Following
in the footsteps of their fathers, the sons are living
for Christ, being active in church and denomina
tional matters, and being also among the largest
contributors to the cause of Christ in the Baptist
denomination North or South. Mr. Lcvering s
widow survives him. She and her children eight
sons, one daughter, and four daughters-in-law are
all members of the Eutaw Place Baptist church.
These children are left to testify by their worth of
character and their noble deeds to the true princi
ples and exalted reputation of their parents.
Levering, Franklin, was born in Baltimore,
March 9, 1811. He united in early life with the
First Baptist church in Baltimore. He removed
to Clark Co., Mo., and united with Fox River
church, and organized the first Sabbath-school in
the county. In 1843 he located at Hannibal, and
entered upon mercantile pursuits. lie was a suc
cessful business man, and a zealous Christian, given
to hospitality. His house was the home of visiting
ministers. He united with the church in Hannibal,
and was clerk, deacon, and Sabbath-school super
intendent. The last office lie held twenty-six years.
He left his children the heritage of an unblem
ished character, and was held in the highest esteem
as a citizen. He died July 26, 1870, and was deeply
mourned in the church and in the community. His
daily life exemplified the beauty of holiness. When
dying he was asked if he wanted anything, he
shook Ins head and replied, "Jesus is coming."
When asked if he had any message to leave, he
said, " Live holy lives."
Levy, Edgar Mortimer, D.D., was born in St.
Marv s. (Ja., Nov. 23, 1S22; was converted when
thirteen years of age, and united with the Presby
terian Church. After pursuing studies for two
years in a private classical school, he spent three
years in the University of Pennsylvania, and studied
theology under the late Rev. Albert Barnes ; was
licensed to preach in 1843; became deeply inter
ested in the subject of baptism, and after a year of
prayerful study, was baptized April 14, 1844, by
Dr. (!. B. Ide, of Philadelphia. In the autumn of
1844 he was invited to supply the First West Phila
delphia church, and soon after became pastor.
After fourteen years of abundant labor he accepted
a call to the South church, Newark, N. J., where
he remained ten years. In 1868 he returned to
Philadelphia, and became pastor of the Berean
church, where he still remains, and where many
have been gathered into the church under his
ministrations. He received the degree of D.D., in
1865, from the university at Lewisburg. Dr. Levy
has had much to do with the prosperity of the
Baptist church in West Philadelphia.
LEVY
LKW1S
Levy, Capt. John P., was born in St. Mary s,
(Ja., -July 25, ISO .); learned the trade of ship-
carpcnter, and on completing liis apprenticeship
shipped as a sailor on a Liverpool packet ; was soon
made commander of the vessel, and spent a number
of years in seafaring life. At length he returned
to Philadelphia, and established the well-known
-hip-building linn oCReaney, Xeafie A: Levy, which
undertaking was attended with rapidly increasing
success. In the spring of ISf>5 he was baptized by
his brother, Rev. K. M. Levy. !>.!>. . and united
with the First church, AVest Philadelphia, of which
his brother was at that time pastor, lie subse
quently became impressed with the necessity of es
tablishing another interest in this rapidly growing
section of the city, and united with others in organ
izing the Berean church. The beautiful meeting-
ho useof this church was secured mainly through his
inunificentbenefactions, and was dedicated free of in-
cumbrance June 22, I860. As a thank-offering for
continued prosperity, IK; built an attractive parson
age adjoining the sanctuary, and conveyed it to the
church, together with an annuity of 600. Nor
were his benefactions confined to the church of
which he was a member, lie was a man full of
generous impulses, and his wealth was largely
distributed, lie died at Aiken, S. 0.. whither he
had gone to recruit his feeble health. Dec. 26, 1867.
Lewis, Rev. Cadwallader, LL.D., an eminent
scholar, and one of the most eloquent pulpit orators
of the South, was born in Spottsylvania Co.. Va.,
Nov. f>, IS 11. He was educated by his father, who
conducted a classical school many years at Llan-
gollen, Ya., but finished his course of study, which
was a very full one, at the University of Virginia.
In 1831 he went to Kentucky, and taught school
in Covington. The following year he took charge
of the preparatory department of Georgetown Col
lege. In 1844 he commenced the study of medi
cine, but his health failed, and he located on a farm
in Franklin County, where he has lived until the
present time. During the same year he made a
profession of religion, and united with Buck .Run
Baptist church, near his home. He was very
soon after licensed to preach, and was ordained in
1846. He was invited to take pastoral charge of
the .Baptist church at Frankfort, but his health
would not admit of his leaving his farm, lie took
charge of country and village churches conveni
ent to his residence, preaching one Sunday in the
month to each, and has thus .employed himself to
the present time, except when, in consequence of a
crushed limb, he was unable to travel. He occupied
the chair of Theology in Georgetown College four
years. lie is a strong, logical writer, and exercises
a leading influence in the councils of the denomi
nation in his State.
Lewis, Rev. Charles Casson, son of Horatio
and Betsey Lewis, was born in Stonington, Conn.,
JuneS. 1807: became a sea-captain ; converted in
1842 under the preaching of Rev. J. S. Swan :
joined Third .Baptist church in (Jroton. Conn. ;
began preaching at Key West, Fla., where he
planted a church and was ordained ; afterwards
settled with the following churches : First Groton,
Conn. : Lisbury, Mass. : Second Hopkinton, Exeter,
! North Kingstown, Block Island, and Lattery Yil-
j lage, R. I. : and Second North Stonington. Conn.-,
from Block Island he was elected to the senate of
Rhode Island ; was a man of fervor and power :
died in the pastoral office with the Second Baptist
church of North Stonington, Conn.. March JO.
1864, in his fifty-seventh year.
Lewis, Rev. Daniel D., was born in Barn-
stable, Mass., -July 21, 1777. lie was converted in
early life, and joined the First church in Portland,
Me., then composed of nine members. These per
sons were full of the grace of Christ, and the church
| soon became numerous and widely influential.
Mr. Lewis took charge of the church at Ipswich,
Mass., on first entering the ministry. He was
subsequently pastor of the Second church of Prov-
j idence, R. I., of the church in Fishkill, N. Y., in
Frankford. Pa., in Wilmington, Del., and in Pater-
son and Piscataway, N. J. In Piscataway he spent
years rich in divine blessings, and from it he en
tered the " general assembly and church of the
first-born, Sept. 25, 1849. lie delivered his last
sermon on Sunday evening, and died on the follow
ing Tuesday.
Mr. Lewis was an able preacher, full of the Spirit
and Word of God, and a successful pastor of the
churches for whose welfare he labored. He healed
church wounds, built up disciples in the glorious
doctrines of grace, led throngs of converts to Jesus,
and enjoyed the warm affection of large numbers.
His memory is precious still in the churches for
whose eternal interests he employed his time and
talents, and his fervent prayers.
Lewis, Rev. Geo. W., was born in Ellisburgh,
Jefferson Co., N. Y., April 14. 18:22, where lie was
baptized in March, 1833 ; ordained in Lowell, Ind.,
Jan. 18, 1866; labored in Indiana, Illinois, and
Iowa ; and became pastor of the Aurora Baptist
church. Neb., in 1878. Mr. Lewis has enjoyed the
divine blessing in his pastorates.
Lewis, Hon. Henry Clay, of Coldwater. Mich.,
was born in Orleans Co., N. Y., May 5, 1820. He
has resided in Coldwater since 1844, where he has
been engaged in business, first as a merchant and
afterwards as a banker. He is president of the
Coldwater National Bank, and has been mayor of
the city. lie has been a member of the Baptist
Church nearly twenty years. He is chiefly known
as the owner of an art-gallery, which he founded
in 1808, which is open to the public without charge.
It is larger than any other art-gallery on this con
tinent. Mr. Lewis takes great pleasure in affording
HON. IIKNRV CLAY LEWIS.
enjoyment to others, and lias made his gallery, in
its surroundings as well as in itself, beautiful and
attractive, and a most important element in the
educational influences of the city of Coldwater.
691 LKWIH
Lewis, Prof. John J., A.M., was born in Utica,
N. Y., Dec. 25, 1843. of Welsh Congregational par
entage ; entered the grammar school of Madison
University in 1859: entered Madison University,
and afterwards Hamilton College (Clinton), and
was there graduated in 1864 -, Professor of Belles-
Lettres and Elocution in Brooklyn Collegiate and
Polytechnic Institute from 18(14 to I860. In the
fall of 1866 lie removed to Syracuse, and began
preaching in a small mission chapel ; was settled
March, 1867, as pastor of First Baptist church,.
Syracuse ; was very successful, the increase in six
teen months being over 140. In 1868 he became
Professor of Belles-Lcttres in Madison University,
which position he still retains, to the great satis
faction of students, alumni, and friends of the in
stitution ; has contributed largely to the press,
many of his articles being founded on his travels
in Japan. Burmah, India, and the Orient.
Lewis, Rev. John W., one of the most distin
guished Baptist ministers of North (Jeorgia, was born
near Spartanburg, S. C., Feb. 1. 1801. Educated
at a classical academy near Spartanburg, he studied
and practised medicine at Greenville, S. C.. becom
ing a skilfful and popular physician. He united
with the Baptist church of that town. During the
years 1830 and 1831 he was a member of the South
Carolina Legislature. About that time he began
to preach, and was ordained in 1X32. He removed
to Canton. Ga., in 1831) or 1840, becoming pastor
of that and other churches in Cherokee, Ga., and
acquiring a great influence. He was a preacher of
much force and energy ; a strong and bold defender
of the faith ; an able expounder of the Word, and
an eloquent advocate of the truth. A man of fine
practical sense, he had a strong mind, and was a
deep, original thinker, lie had a benevolent heart,
and was steadfast in his friendships. He had ex
traordinary forecast, and managed business matters
with great ability and success. In 1X57 he was
appointed superintendent of the State road by Gov.
Brown, and his management was eminently suc
cessful. During the war he served in the Congress
of the Confederate States, as Senator, with great
ability, and previous to the war lie served in
the State senate, and was instrumental in the es
tablishment of the Supreme Court of Georgia. His
character stood extraordinarily high in Georgia.
A man of firm faith, deep piety, and unabated y.eal,
he won many souls to Jesus. After a life of great
usefulness, he died in Cherokee County, in June,
1865.
Lewis, Rev. Lester, was born in Suffield.
Conn., Oct. 15. 1817: baptized by Rev. Henry-
Jackson, D.D.. and united with First Baptist church
in Hartford, Feb. 11, 1838; studied in Connecticut
Literary Institution ; ordained pastor of the church
in Agawam, Mass., Oct. 7, 1840; in 1X46 began to
LEWIRBURG
692
LEWISnURG
labor for Connecticut Baptist State Convention, but
soon settled with the chinvh in Bristol; in 18.V5
became pastor of the church in Middletown, where,
after great success, lie died, Feb. 7, 185S; lar^e-
liearted, sound in the faith, a clear and forcible
preacher, fervent in prayer, and beloved by all
Lewisburg-, Pa., the University at In the
year 1845, some intelligent Baptists of the North
umberland Association sa\v the need of higher edu
cation for their sons and daughters, under the
religious auspices of their own denomination.
Their perception of this need at first took form in
a plan for a first-class academy. The natural
boautv, healthfulness, and economic advantages of
the borouii h of Lewisburg, in Union Co., Pa., on
the West Branch of the Susquchanna, and in the
geographical centre of the State, determined the
location of the school in that village. Through the
Rev. Eugenio Kincaid and the liev. -I. l<], Bradlev,
Stephen W. Taylor, who had recently resigned his
professorship in Madison University, became en
listed in the new enterprise. Under the principal-
ship of Prof. Taylor, assisted by his son, Alfred
Taylor. A.M.. and I. N. Loomis. A.M.. a school
was opened in the fall of 1X40 in the basement of
the Baptist church, since destroyed.
Prof. Taylor combined prophetic insight with
the powers of a rare teacher, and saw in the new
school the germ of a university. Others approved
the project of founding at Lewisburg such an in
stitution as would meet the higher educational de
mands of the whole State. A charter incorporating
"The University at Lewisburg, Pa.." was approved
on the 5th day of February. 1^40, with the follow
ing trustees: .James Moore, James Moore, Jr.,
Joseph Meireell, William II. Ludwig, Samuel
Wolfe, Levi B. Christ, Henry Funk, Joel E. Brad
ley, Eugenio Kincaid, Benjamin Bear, William
W. Keen, William Bucknell, Thomas Wattson,
James M. Linnard, Lewis Yastine, Oliver Black
burn, Caleb Lee, Daniel L. Moore.
It was provided in the charter that ground should
be purchased and buildings erected when $100,000
had been raised, that a fourth part should be per
manently invested in a productive form, that the
property should not be mortgaged or debt incurred
under any pretext whatever, that no misnomer
should defeat or annul a grant or bequest, and that
ten acres of ground with improvements should be
exempt from taxation. The management was
committed to two boards: 1st, a board of trustees,
not to exceed twenty members, all of whom must
be Baptists ; and, 2d, a board of curators, not to
exceed forty members, the majority of whom must
be Baptists. Both boards are self-perpetuating.
The subscription of $100,000 was declared to be se
cured on the 17th day of July, 1849, through the ef
forts of Drs. Eugenio Kincaid and William Shadrach,
who traversed the State soliciting funds. Previous
to this a tract of land to the south of the boron< r h of
D
Lewisburg. including a fine hill of nearly a hundred
feet elevation, covered with a beautiful natural
grove, and commanding extended views over river
and valley, had been secured for the university. In
1848 an academy building was begun and nearly
completed. In -January, 1849, the trustees feltjusti-
iied in electing professors for the college, and in
commencing a college building. Two graduates
of Madison University, the Rev. G. W. Anderson,
A.M., editor of the Christian Chronicle, of Phila
delphia, and the Rev. G. R. Bliss, of New Bruns
wick, N. -J., were appointed, respectively, to the
chairs of Latin and Greek. Both soon afterwards
began their labors, the students of the academy
and the college, consisting of both sexes, reciting
together in the academy building. Prof. Tavlor still
acting as principal.
In 1851 the west wing of the college building
was completed, and the college students moved into
dormitories and studies regarded at the time as
"unsurpassed in pleasantness by those of anv in
stitution." In the spring of this year Prof. Taylor
resigned his position to accept the presidency of
Madison University, but remained to preside at the
first Commencement, August 20, 1851, when a class
of seven was graduated in the chapel of the acad
emy. It is but just to the memory of this good
man and great teacher to quote the words of a co-
worker who knew him well: "Without him it is
almost certain that our university would never have
existed, and existing in an essential measure by his
agency, it is well for ns that that agency was not
only earnest, benevolent, laborious, and pious, but
also in the main judicious and beneficial/
The Rev. Howard Malcom. D.D., of Philadelphia,
an alumnus of Princeton, and ex-president of
Georgetown College, had been chosen president of
the university, and Charles S. James, A.M.. a
graduate of Brown, and Alfred Taylor, A.M., a
graduate of Madison, were added to the faculty of
the college, the former as Professor of Mathematics
and Natural Philosophy, and the latter as Professor
of Bellcs-Lcttres. With these additions began the
collegiate year 1851-52. The college now 7 became
a distinct department of the university, the academy
became gradually a preparatory school for boys
only, while, in 1852, the University Female In
stitute 7 became a separate department. A theo
logical department was added in 1855. From this
point, therefore, we may consider the departments
separately.
THE COLLEGE.
The presidency of I>r. Malcom continued from
1851 to 1857, during which the college building was
completed, consisting of a main building 80 feet
- *. -?
THE UNIVERSITY AT I,E\VISBL KG, PA.
LEWISBURG
694
square, of three stories, fur recitation-rooms, chapel,
society halls, library, cabinet, and Commencement
Hall, and two whips, each 120 feet long and 3.~> feet
wide, of four stories, for students study-rooms and
dormitories. Jn 1X52 the sum of $45,000 was added
to the funds bv a few friends without a general
canvass. About $20,000 wore received from lands
sold from the original campus, leaving finally about
twenty-six acres as university grounds.
Thus established, the college began a work of
incalculable value to the intellectual and spiritual
progress of the denomination in Pennsylvania. On
the resignation of President Mai com, in 1857, the
Rev. Justin 11. Loomis. I h. I)., who had been called
from AVaterville. Me., in 1X54, to fill the chair
of Natural Sciences, succeeded him as president.
During twenty-five years President Loomis devoted
his best energies to the work of building up the
college, and establishing the youth who came under
his moulding hand in the principle s of a deep
Christian philosophy. The invasion of Pennsyl
vania by Lee s army, in 1X63, caused the closing
of the college during a campaign of six weeks,
officers and students uniting to form Company A
of the 2Xth Regiment of Pa. Vols. A memorial
tablet in Commencement Hall commemorates the
names of those who fell in the war for the Union.
In 1X64, President Loomis increased the funds of
the university by collecting subscriptions amounting
to 100.000. In 1876 an attempt was made to se
cure additional endowment, but owing to other
interests in the field the effort was abandoned after
about 20.000 had been promised, mostly in private
subscriptions offered by a few liberal friends.
In 1X79, President Loomis resigned the presi
dency, and Prof. David J. Hill, A.M., a graduate
of the college, and at the time of his appointment
Crozer Professor of Rhetoric, was chosen president
of the university, a position which he still occupies.
The following were presidents and acting presi
dents from the foundation of the college to the
year 1880:
PRESIDENTS.
Elected. Resigned.
1851. Rev. Howard Maloom, D.IX, LL.D ..1857
1857. Rev. Justin R. Loomis, Ph.D., LL.D 1879
1879. Rev. David J. Hill, A.M.
ACTING PRESIDENTS.
Stephen W. Taylor, LL.D., prior to 1851.
Rev. Geo. R. Bliss, D.D., LL.D., during 1871-72.
Rev. Francis W. Tustin, Ph.D., for six months in 1879.
The university has an endowment of $121,000,
and property worth $117,000, and an effort is now
started by which its endowment is certain to be
greatly increased. The institution has no debts.
The college is now in possession of a fine library
of nearly 10,000 volumes, a museum of about
10,000 specimens for the illustration of the sciences,
a chemical laboratory and apparatus. There are
two flourishing literary societies with libraries of
their own. They publish a monthly journal called
The (Jullci/c Herald. There is also a " Society for
Moral .and Religious Inquiry. 1 There are two
prizes for preparation for college and one for ex
cellence in oratory in the Junior year. Tuition is
free to the sons of ministers. The expenses range
from $125 to 250 per annum.
The courses of study have expanded greatly since
the opening of the college, as shown in compara
tive tables published in "A Historical Sketch of
the University at Lewisburg, edited by 0. W.
Spratt, LL.B., in 1X76, and printed by the Society
of Alumni. There are now two courses leading to
a degree : (1) The classical course, of four years,
leading to the degree of A.B., and (2) the Latin
scientific course, leading to the degree of S. B. .Both
courses have been brought up to the standard of
the best Eastern colleges, and have recently given
some scope to the optional element. Anglo-Saxon,
American literature, comparative /oology, analyt
ical chemistry, and constitutional law have been
added to both courses. A good collection of en
gravings, heliotypes, and casts has stimulated the
study of the fine arts, and illustrated lectures are
given to the Senior class. Lectures on Grecian
history, life, and literature ; Roman history, life,
and literature; medieval history; English history
and literature ; the history of philosophy ; natural
theology ; and the evidences of Christianity are
regularly delivered. The introduction of a short
course of lectures on practical ethics and hygiene
for the Freshman class is believed to be distinctively
peculiar to this college. The government is thus
based on ethical ideas, and so far has proved that
an appeal to manhood develops it and secures self-
government.
The graduates of the college number 322. Hon
orary degrees have been bestowed as follows :
LL.D., 12; D.D., 36 ; Ph.D., 10; A.M., 52.
Since 1851, when the first class was graduated,
important changes bearing upon the prosperity of
the college have gradually taken place. The Phil
adelphia and Erie Railroad runs within one mile
of Lewisburg, and the Lewisburg and Tyrone Rail
road passes through it. The town is lighted with
gas, and contains several miles of well-paved side
walks. A new church edifice, costing nearly
$60,000, has been built by the Baptists. The
natural beauty of the place has been enhanced by
these improvements, yet it remains a quiet, moral,
and rural retreat admirably adapted to the seclusion
which thorough study demands for the young.
THE INSTITUTE.
This department of the university began its sep
arate organization as a school in 1852, under the
principalship of Miss Hadassah E. Scribner, of
LEWISBURG
695
LIBERIA
Maine, who retained her position for two years.
In 1854 two young ladies, the first class of the in
stitute, were graduated. At this time all the teach
ers resigned, and Miss Amanda Taylor, of Easton,
Pa., with a new corps of assistants, undertook the
work. Strong prejudices existed in the community
against the liberal education of women, but this
was gradually overcome by persistent effort, and in
1858 fifteen young ladies were graduated in the
presence of an audience of 1500 people. Since
then classes ranging from ten to twenty have been
graduated every year. In 1857 six acres of a
beautiful grove were appropriated for a suitable
building on the university grounds. The building
is pleasantly and healthfully located, warmed with
furnaces, and lighted with gas, and it will accom
modate ninety boarders. In 181)9 a wing was
added, at the cost of 810,000, containing rooms for
.students and a large gymnasium, which has been
suitably fitted up.
In 1863, Miss Taylor resigned, and was suc
ceeded by Miss Lucy \\ r . Rundell, of Alden, N. Y.
She continued her work ably until 1869, when she
was succeeded by Miss Harriet E. Spratt, daughter
of the Rev. Geo. 31. Spratt, D.I)., and a graduate
of the institute. This rare Christian woman had
already spent fourteen years in the school as a
teacher. She continued as principal until the Com
mencement of 1878. A few months later she ended
a career of extraordinary usefulness by death,
having been made Emeritus lady principal after
her resignation. For twenty-four years her life
was devoted to the successive classes of young
women that passed through the institute, and hun
dreds mourned for her as for a sister.
In 1878, Jonathan Jones, A.M., was elected prin
cipal, a position which he now holds. The institute
is provided with an able corps of instructors, who
live in the institute building and make it a school
home. There are five courses of study, ranging
from a preparatory English course to a full classical
collegiate course. The young ladies recite in their
own building, apart from the young gentlemen, but
a,ttend the lectures of the college, enjoy the use of
the library and museum, and witness the experi
ments of the professor of natural sciences. There
ai - e excellent advantages for instruction in music,
drawing, crayoning, and painting. The graduates
number 293.
THE ACADEMY.
When, in 1849, the college emerged into a dis
tinct department of the university, the academy
was intrusted to the principalship of Isaac N.
Loomis, A.M., sharing the new academy building
with the college. This arrangement continued
until the college building was completed, II. I).
Walker, A.M., succeeding Principal Loomis in
1853, and George Yeager, A.M., following in 1857.
Isaac C. Wynn, A.M., became principal in 1859,
and in January, 1860, the academy building being
used then solely for that department, it was fitted
up for a boarding-school for boys and young men.
Until 1868 the academy embraced the classical pre
paratory classes of the university, but in that year
" The Classical Preparatory Department" was or
ganized, with Freeman Loomis, A.M.. as principal,
the academy being confined to English branches
only. This arrangement continued, the English
academy having in the mean time a succession of
separate principals, until 1878, when the depart
ments were reunited under the principalship of
William E. Martin, A.M. "The Classical Prepar
atory Department," from 1868 to 1878, was estab
lished in the west wing of the college building.
The academy, as reorganized in 1878, is a thor
ough English and classical school, designed to pre
pare young men for college, for business, or for
teaching in the common schools. The students
have access to the college library and reading-room.
When prepared they are admitted to the college
upon the certificate of the principal, without exam
ination. Special attention is given to English and
commercial branches. Many improvements have
been made in the building, rendering it a pleasant
home for boys. Students of small means are al
lowed to board in clubs, which reduces their ex
penses considerably.
THE THEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT.
The charter of the university permits the estab
lishment of any professional school by the corpo
ration. A school of theology, however, is the only
department of this kind so far attempted. This
was opened in 1855 under the charge of Thomas
F. Curtis, D.I)., and continued during thirteen
years. On the resignation of Prof. Curtis, in 1865,
the school was reorganized, with Lemuel Moss,
I). D., as Professor of Theology, and Lucius E.
Smith, D.D., as Professor of Sacred Rhetoric and
Pastoral Theology, Geo. R. Bliss, D.D., being con
tinued as Professor of Biblical Interpretation. In
1868 the department was removed to Upland, Pa.,
and reorganized by the family of the late John P.
Crozer as " The Crozer Theological Seminary,"
under a new corporation, but still retaining a close
connection with the university at Lewisburg, whose
graduates supply its classes in a large measure.
While at LewJsburg the department enrolled 38
graduates. These have been received and enrolled
among the alumni of the Crozer Seminary.
Liberia. The people of Liberia are of the
African race, by the way of the United States.
They are very enterprising, and there is reason to
believe that the providence of God designs to ac
complish great spiritual good for the country of
their fathers through their instrumentality. There
LIBERTY
f>9f>
LinKRTY
are 20 Baptist churches in the republic with ;i mem
bership of about 2000. At the last meeting of The
Lilteria Baptist Association." in I>ecemhiT. IST .I.
a considerable amount of prosperity among tlie
churches was reported. I lie Providence church in
Monrovia had received ;">( > by baptism, tlie Arthing-
ton church 24, and the First cliurch in Kdina .VJ ;
275 baptisms wen 1 reported for the year.
At the annual meeting of the Liberia Baptist
Association the members agreed to form another
Association and a national organization.
Liberty, American Religious. Much has
been said and written about the originator of our
religious freedom. Some have zealously claimed
Lord Baltimore as its author. This nobleman was
a Roman Catholic, and on that account a large
amount of very clear evidence is necessary to estab
lish his right to this honor. He was a talented
man. with many of the qualities of a statesman.
lie knew that the English people in Kioo, when
his first settlers left their country for the Xow
World, would never tolerate a colony in the British
dominions where the Protestant religion was ex
cluded, and, as a matter of absolute necessity, he
had to permit its existence in Maryland. lie
deserved no credit for showing common sense.
His first settlers were Catholics, and to them his
colony appealed for recruits; and nothing in the
history of Maryland shows him to be an unselfish
friend of religious liberty. He simply appears as
a yielding statesman bending to the necessities of
the times.
John Leeds Bozman s " History of Maryland"
was published by the General Assembly of that
State in 1837. It is derived largely from "the
written memorials which then existed in the public
archives of the State," to which the author had free
access, and it bears the authority of the government
of Maryland. In li ii; 1 ,). Bo/man says. "A vory
short bill was introduced into the house (the Legis
lature), entitled An act for church liberties. and
was expressed nearly in the following words:
//o/y Cliurch within this province shall have all
her rights, liberties, and immunities safe, whole,
and inviolable in all things. "When we reflect on
the original causes of their emigration (the col
onists of Maryland), we cannot but suppose that it
was the intention of those in whose hands the gov
ernment of the province was, a majority of whom
were without doubt Catholics, as well as much the
greater number of the colonists, to erect a hier
archy, with an ecclesiastical jurisdiction similar to
the ancient Church of England before the Reforma
tion."* " Holy Church" is the Catholic Church,
and this was but the entering wedge of a Romish
persecuting religious establishment.
Another bill of the same session provided, that
"eating flesh in time of Lent, or on other days,
Wednesdays excepted, wherein it is prohibited by
the law of Kngland. without case of infirmity, to be
allowed by the judge ; and tho offender shall for
feit to the lord proprietary five pounds of tobacco,
or one shilling sterling, for every such offence."!
This is liberty of conscience at the expense of a
shilling, or five pounds of tobacco, for each indul
gence in such freedom. In ItilO, Bozman says,
" Y\u\firsl oj tlt<> <7.s- passed at this session, entitled
An act for church liberty/ is nearly vcrliatiin the
same as the first section of the second act of the
preceding session;"! that is. that "Holy Church
within this province shall have all her rights, liber
ties, and immunities safe, whole, and inviolable in
all things; and the Catholics of Maryland would
probably have given force to their law, and erected
a persecuting popish established church in their
colony, if they had not heard the commencing
thunder that roared with such fury a little later at
Marston Moor and Naseby. Their church act was
the second of the preceding Legislature, and the
first of this, showing their great earnestness on the
subject.
Cromwell wrought wonders in England ; the
Church was completely overthrown, Satan was
as popular in Great Britain as a Catholic, and
Lord Baltimore, certain to lose his province un
less he suited his sails to the tierce hurricane
then raging, at once appointed a Protestant gov
ernor (Stone) instead of Gov. Greene, a Catholic ;
he also appointed a Protestant secretary of the
province and a Protestant majority in the council.
Bo/man, speaking of the change, says, In this
measure of his lordship we discern the commence
ment of that general toleration of all sects of re
ligion which prevailed under the early provincial
government of Maryland/I Xo principle of tol
eration required Baltimore to place Protestants at
the head of his government. He certainly did not
love Protestantism at this very time, for he required
Gov. Stone to take the following as ;i part of his
official oath : " And I do further swear that I will
not, by myself nor any person directly or indirectly,
trouble, molest, or discountenance any person what
soever in the said province professing to believe in
Jesus Christ, and in particular no Roman Catholic
for or in respect of hix or her religion, nor in his
or her free exercise thereof icithin the said prov
ince." || A councillor had to take the same oath.
It certainly was not love for the men or their re
ligion that led Baltimore to make his new appoint
ments. It was " an enlightened measure of state
policy" to save his province from Cromwell.
With this change in the rulers of Maryland his
* History of Maryland, ii. 107-9.
f Idem, i: ,7.
I Idem, 336.
t Idem, 174.
|j Idem, 648, note Ixi.
LIBERTY
697
LIBERTY
lordship proposed, and his Legislature enacted, a
law with the following clauses in it : " Whatsoever*
person or persons within this province and the
islands thereunto belonging shall from henceforth
blaspheme God, that is, curse him. or shall deny
our Saviour Jesus Christ to be the Son of God. or
shall deny the Holy Trinity, the Father, Son, and
Holy Ghost, or the Godhead of any of the said three
persons of the Trinity, or the unity of the Godhead,
or shall use or utter any reproachful speeches,
words, or language concerning the Holy Trinity,
or any of the said three persons thereof, shall be
punished with death and confiscation or forfeiture
of all his or her land and goods to the lord pro
prietary and his heirs." " Whatsoever person or
persons shall from henceforth use or utter any
reproachful words or speeches concerning the blessed
Virgin Mary, the mother of our Saviour, or the holy
apostles or evangelists, or any of them, shall in
such case for the first offence forfeit to the said lord
proprietary, and his heirs lords proprietaries of
this province, the sum of 5 sterling, or the value
thereof, to be levied on the goods and chattels of
every such person so offending ; but in case such
offender or offenders shall not then have goods and
chattels sufficient for the satisfying of such forfeit
ure, or that the same be not otherwise speedily satis
fied, then such offender or offenders shall be publicly
whipped, and be imprisoned during the pleasure of
the lord proprietary, or the lieutenant or chief gov
ernor of this province." For the second offense
the fine is <10, or a public, and severe whipping,
and imprisonment as for the first. For the third
offense, the forfeiture of all lands and goods, and
expulsion from the province. A subsequent part of
the same law says, Except as in the act is before
declared and set forth, no person or persons what
soever within this province, or the islands, ports,
harbors, creeks, or havens thereunto belonging,
professing to believe in Jesus Christ, shall from
henceforth be anyways troubled, molested, or dis
countenanced for or in respect of his or her religion,
nor in the free exercise thereof within this province,
or the islands thereunto belonging, nor any way
compelled to the belief or exercise of any other re
ligion against his or her consent." The penalty
for breaking this enactment is " treble damages to
the party wronged," and a fine of 20*. ; and in
case of failure to pay the fine, a severe public
whipping, and imprisonment at the pleasure of
the proprietary or his governor. This is the cele
brated toleration law of Lord Baltimore for which
his liberality has been lauded extravagantly, and
for which Catholics have been represented as the
first founders of religious liberty on this continent.
The act was passed in the end of April, 1649, and
Charles I. was executed three months before. This
* History of Maryland, 662, 663, note.
event, and the motives that prompted it, and the
men whom they governed, account wholly for Lord
Baltimore s liberality. The toleration was partial
and poor. Those who denied the Trinity all Jews,
Unitarians, and Arians were condemned to death.
The gallows was the liberty it gave them. Respect
for the Virgin Mary was encouraged by fines and
whippings, and, in obstinate cases, by the loss of
all property, and by exile. There was, indeed,
some liberty in this law, accompanied by cruel
and wicked limitations ; and for this liberty no
thanks are due to Lord Baltimore or his Maryland
Catholics.
Bozman, in another workf published in 1811,
truly says, " In most of the States the penalties of
the common law in matters of religion still subsist.
The bloody statutes also of some of them only sleep.
Not being repealed, they are liable to be called up
into action at any moment when either superstition
or fanaticism shall perceive a convenient time for
it. W/taf Jew, Socinian, or Deist, possessing a
sound mind, would venture, in the State of Maryland
for instance, to open his lips in defence of his own
religion? Even in 1811 the statute book of Mary
land contained cruel, persecuting enactments ; and
only by asserting what is flagrantly untrue can the
Baptist State be robbed of her just glory to bestow
it upon the founder of Maryland, or upon his colony.
The " Colonial Records of Rhode Island" were
published by order of the Legislature in 1856, and
in them we learn that Roger Williams landed on
the site of Providence in the month of May or
early in June, 1636, and that he and his friends
on their " first coming thither did make an order
that no man should be molested for his conscience,"
even though he was an Israelite, a Unitarian, or
an infidel. And a woman had her religious free
dom protected by the same law. In August, 1636,
the celebrated compact was entered into and signed
at Providence, by which its people " subjected
themselves in active and passive obedience to all
such orders or agreements as shall be made for
public good of the body in an orderly way, by the
major consent of the present inhabitants, masters
of families, incorporated together in a Town fel
lowship, and others whom they shall admit unto
them, in civil things only." No laws for favoring
or prohibiting any form of religion were to be en
acted. On the 21st of May, 1637, Joshua Verin
was sentenced to lose the right of voting " for re
straining the liberty of conscience" of his wife.J
On the 27th of May, 1640, among certain proposals
agreed upon at Providence to form a government,
these words are found : " We agree, as formerly
f A Sketch of the History of Maryland, during the Three First
Years after its Settlement, p. 374. Baltimore, 1811.
| Colonial Records of Rhode Island, printed by order of tho Leg
islature, i. 13, 14, 16. 1856.
45
LIBERTY
fi9S
LIBERTY
have been the liberties of the town, so still, to hold
forth liberty of conscience."*
The first, charter (if Rhode Island was signed
March 14, l(>4;>. and adopted in the colony in May,
1(>47. Arnold, in his " History of Rhode; Island,"
truly savs. The use of the word ric/ l is every
where prefixed (in the charter) to the terms ; gov
ernment or laws wherever they occur . . . to
restrict the operation of the charter to purely politi
cal concerns. In this apparent restriction there lay
concealed a boon of freedom such as man had never
known before. They (Rhode Islanders) held them
selves accountable to <!od alone for their religious
creed, and no earthly power could bestow on them
aright which they held from heaven. . . . At their
own request their powers were limited to civil mat
ters."^ The first instrument of government in the
world s history disavowing all right to make laws
for or against religion, and thereby giving the
widest religious liberty, was adopted in Rhode
Island two years before Lord Baltimore s bigoted
toleration act was passed in Maryland. After
making a code of laws for the cioil affairs of the
colony occur these striking words : " These are the
laws that concern all men, and these are the penal
ties for the transgression thereof, which by com
mon consent are ratified throughout the whole
colony; and otherwise than thus what is herein
forbidden (non-religious crimes only), all men may
walk as their consciences persuade them, every one
in the name of his God. And let the saints of the
Most High walk in this colony, without molesta
tion, in the name of Jehovah their God. for ever
and ever,"J etc.
Roger Williams gives a striking view of liberty
of conscience in his letter to the town of Providence
in 1654. "It hath fallen out," says he, "sometimes
that both Papists and Protestants, .Jews and Turks,
may he embarked in one ship, upon which sup-
posal I affirm that all the liberty of conscience that
I ever pleaded for turns upon these two hinges:
that none of the Papists, Protestants, Jews or
Turks, be forced to come to the ship s prayers or
worship, nor compelled from their own particular
prayers, if they practise any." In the charter of
16G3, inspired by their convictions and their .Bap
tist agent in London, it is written, " No person
within the said colony, at any time hereafter, shall
be anywise molested, punished, disquieted, or called
in question for any difference of opinion in matters
of religion. II Even the Quakers, as may be seen
in " Laws agreed upon in England by the Governor
of Pennsylvania (William Penn) and Divers Free
men thereof," restrict their legal toleration to "all
persons who confess and acknowledge the one
* Colonial Records of Rhode Island, i. 28.
f- History of Rhode Island, i. 200. J Idem, 201 .
Idem, 255. II Me ", 292.
almighty and eternal God to be the creator, up
holder, and ruler of the world."** The Baptists of
Rhode Island had no laws upon religion, the greatest
infidel of the human race carried no !<></.al stigma
in that colony for his opinions from its first set
tlement by our Baptist fathers; it had the only
government in the world where religion was en
tirely free. Maryland s mean toleration was not
freedom of conscience, except for certain classes.
and poor as it was, Rhode Island gave full liberty
thirteen years sooner. In 17^9, Washington, at
the request of the Virginia Baptists, recommended
to Congress that amendment to our national Con
stitution which says, " Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of religion, or pro
hibiting the free exercise thereof." It was through
their influence that grand article was added to our
great instrument of government. ff The religious
liberties of our country were first established in
Rhode Island by our Baptist fathers, and only
through Baptist channels have the nations of the
earth learned soul freedom.
Liberty of Conscience among the English
Baptists before the Publication of "The
Bloudy Tenent" of Roger Williams. In 1589,
as Crosby states, Dr. Some, a man of great reputa
tion in England, wrote a work against certain
prominent Puritans, whom he compares in some
things to the Anabaptists. In his book he repre
sents the Anabaptists as holding, among their doc
trines, that ministers of the gospel ought to be
maintained by the voluntary contributions of the
people, and that the civil power has no right to
make and impose ecclesiastical laws. This is the
great Baptist doctrine of soul liberty, the proclama
tion of which about fifty years later has given un
dying fame to the illustrious founder of Rhode
Island. These men in demanding that religion
should be completely delivered from state patron
age and persecution were the successors of a line
of Baptists who claimed the same privileges in
every Christian age up to the Teacher of Galilee.
Leonard Busher, a citizen of London and a Baptist,
presented to James I. and to Parliament his "Re
ligious Peace, or a Plea for Liberty of Conscience,
and published it in pamphlet form in 1614. The
work of Mr. Busher is both able and eloquent,
and, considering his times, one of the most remark
able productions ever printed. He says,
" Kings and magistrates are to rule temporal
affairs by the swords of their temporal kingdoms,
and bishops and ministers are to rule spiritual
affairs by the Word and Spirit of God, the sword of
Christ s spiritual kingdom, and not to intermeddle
** Minutes of Provincial Council of Pennsylvania, p. 41. Pub
lished hy the State. Philadelphia, 1832.
ft Cathcart s Bupf - " "" : ~ "* : "Tin
Philadelphia, 1876.
ished by the State. Philadelphia, 1852.
tf Cathcart s Baptists and the American Revolution, pp. 97-111.
>liilnHolnliin 1S7R
LIBERTY
699
LIBERTY
one with another s authority, office, and function.
Again, " All those bishops that force princes and
people to receive their faith and discipline by per
secution do, with Judas, go against Christ in his
members, with swords, staves, and halberds, who,
seeing God s Word will not help them, betake
themselves with all haste and hazard unto the au
thority of the king and magistrate." Again, "It
is not only unmerciful, but unnatural and abomi
nable, yea, monstrous, for one Christian to vex and
destroy another for difference and questions of re
ligion. Again, " Neither suffer the bishops with
persecution to defend their faith and church against
their adversaries. If they have not anything from
God s Word against us, let them yield and submit
themselves. If they think they have anything
against us, let them betake themselves only to
God s Word, both in word and writing." Again,
" By persecution are the Jews, Turks, and Pagans
occasioned and encouraged to persecute likewise all
such as preach and teach Christ in their dominions;
for if Christian kings and magistrates will not suf
fer Christians to preach, and preach the gospel of
Christ freely and peaceably in their dominions, how
could you expect it of the infidels? . . . And the
king and Parliament may please to permit (liberty
to) ALL SORTS OK CHRISTIAN S ; YEA, (to) JEWS, TURKS,
AND PAGANS, so long as they are peaceable and no
malefactors, as is above mentioned." This is the
true liberty for which our denomination has al
ways contended, liberty of conscience for all man
kind. Busher says, ; Persecution for difference in
religion is a monstrous and cruel beast, that de-
stroyeth both prince and people, hindereth the gos
pel of Christ, and scattereth his disciples that wit
ness and profess his name. But permission (liberty)
of conscience in difference of religion saveth both
prince and people ; for it is a meek and gentle
Jamb, which not only furthers th and advanceth
the gospel, but also fostereth and cherisheth those
that profess it."* Leonard Busher delivered a noble
testimony for liberty and truth.
His work was speedily followed by another
treatise on the same subject, entitled " Persecution
for Religion Judged and Condemned." It was pub
lished in 1015 "by Christ s unworthy witnesses,
liis majesty s faithful subjects, commonly, but
falsely, called Anabaptists." No writer in the
nineteenth century, in Europe or America, has a
clearer conception of religious liberty than the
author of this book. lie says, " The power and
authority of the king are earthly, and God hath
commanded me to submit to all ordinances of man,
and therefore I have faith to submit to what or
dinance of man soever the king commands; if it be
a human ordinance, and not against the manifest
* " Religious Peace," in Tracts on Liberty of Conscience, Hanserd
Knollys Society, pp. 23, 24, 25, 33, 41. London, 1816.
Word of God, let him require what he will, I must
of conscience obey him with my body, goods, and
all that I have. But my soul, wherewith I am to
worship God, belongeth to another King, whose
kingdom is not of this world, whose people must
come willingly, whose weapons are not carnal but
spiritual." Again, " The whole New Testament
throughout, in all the doctrines and practices of
Christ and his disciples, teaches no such thing as
compelling men by persecutions to obey the gospel,
but the direct contrary." Again. "I unfeignedly
acknowledge that God hath given to magistrates a
sword to cut off wicked men, and to reward well
doers. But this ministry is a worldly ministry,
their sword is a worldly sword, their punishments
can extend no further than the outward man : they
can but kill the body. And therefore this ministry
and sword are appointed only to punish the breach
of worldly ordinances, which is all that God hath
given to any mortal man to punish." Again,
" Christ s kingdom is spiritual, his laws are spir
itual, the transgressions are spiritual, the punish
ment is spiritual, everlasting death of soul, his
sword is spiritual ; no carnal or worldly weapon is
given to the supportation of his kingdom. The
Lawgiver himself hath commanded that the trans
gressors of these laws should be let alone until the
harvest, because he knows that they that are now
tares may hereafter come to repentance and become
wheat." Again, " Magistracy is a power of this
world ; the kingdom, power, subjects, and means
of publishing the gospel arc not of this world."
Again, " But if I defend the authority of Christ
Jesus over men s souls, which appertaineth to no
mortal man, then know you that whosoever would
rob him of that honor, which is not of this world,
he will tread them underfoot. Earthly authority
belongeth to earthly kings, but spiritual authority
belongeth to that one spiritual King, who is King
of kings. ... I have showed you by the law of
Christ that your course is most wicked, to compel
any by persecution to perform any service to God,
as you pretend."!
The Anabaptists presented James I. a petition
in 1(>20 pleading for liberty of conscience and de
liverance from persecution. The soul freedom, so
dear to Baptists in all ages, is conspicuous in this
" Supplication." The writer of this document says,
" The vileness of persecuting the body of any man,
only for cause of conscience, is against the Word of
God and law of Christ." Again, "Oh, be pleased
to consider, why you should persecute us for hum
bly beseeching you, in the words of the King of
kings, to give unto God the things which are God s,
which is to be Lord and Lawgiver to the soul in
that spiritual worship and service which he rc-
t Persecution for Religion Judged and Condemned. Idem, pp.
107, 108, 120, 121, 122, 133, 135.
UHKRTY
UliKRTY
quiroth. If you will tuko awuy this from God.
wliat is it that is God s? Far In- it from you to de
sire to sit in the consciences of men, to be lawgiver
and judge therein. This is antichrist s practice,
persuading the kings of the earth to give him their
power to compel all hereunto. You may make
and mend your own laws, and he judge and pun-
isher of the transgressors thereof, but you cannot
make or mend Clod s laws, they are perfect already.
You may not add nor diminish, nor be judge nor
monarch of his church : that is Christ s right. He
left neither you nor any mortal man his deputy,
but only the Holy Ghost, as your highness acknowl-
cdgeth ; and whosoever erreth from the truth, his
judgment is set down and the time thereof."* The
author of the "Humble Supplication," according
to the famous Roger Williams,! was committed "a
close prisoner to Newgate, London, for the witness
of some truths of Jesus, and having not the use of
pen and ink, wrote these arguments in milk, in
sheets of paper brought to him by the woman, his
keeper, from a friend in London as the stopples of
his milk-bottle. In such paper written with milk
nothing will appear; but the way of reading it by
fire being known to this friend who received the
papers, he transcribed and kept together the papers,
although the author could not correct nor view
what himself had written." From the Humble
Supplication" were taken the arguments, which,
being replied to by Mr. Cotton, gave rise to the
work of Mr. Williams, and which he has so sig
nificantly called "The Bloudy Tencnt of Persecu
tion Discussed." This theory, so nobly advocated
by English Baptists, so ably defended by the illus
trious founder of Rhode Island in his celebrated
work, was carried out in practice by the Baptists
in England. In 1655, John Biddle, a Socinian, was
arrested on the charge of heresy in London : his
danger was very great ; with his opinions Baptists
had no sympathy ; but for his liberty of conscience
they cherished a profound regard, and many Bap
tist congregations petitioned Cromwell for his re
lease. They made common cause with the man
whose life was endangered by an attack upon his
riirhts of conscience. How the theory of Roger
Williams has been carried out first in Rhode
Island, and now in every State in the Union, all
the world knows.
In 1044, when "The Blondy Tenent" was pub
lished in London, the Baptists were the only advo
cates of full liberty of conscience on earth, that
year Mr. John Goodwin, a Congregationalist, came
to their help. The Congregationalists as a body,
in England and America, were willing to grant
liberty only to those " sound in fundamentals."
* An Humble Supplication to the King s Majesty. Idem. pp. 102,
2150.
-( Bloudy Tenent, page 36, Prof. 30, 35. London, 1818.
Daniel Xeal, an Independent (Congregationalist),
says, " The Independents pleaded for a toleration
so far as to include themselves and the sober Ana
baptists, but did not put the controversy on a gen
eral foot (ing). They were for tolerating all that
agreed in the fundamentals of Christianity; but
when they came to enumerate fundamentals they
were sadly entangled, as all those must be who do
not keep the religious and civil rights of mankind
on a separate basis." Neal writes of his brethren
in 1645, and from the last sentence we quote, he
would have given them a better character as friends
of true liberty if the facts would have permitted
him. The Parliament of Scotland appealed to the
legislature of England, and declared their convic-
O CJ
tion " that the piety and wisdom of the honorable
houses (of Parliament) will never admit toleration
of any sects or schisms contrary to our Solemn
League and Covenant. This covenant was taken
in England in the end of 164. J > atid in the beginning
of 1644. Neal says that " at the same time they
appealed to the people, and published a declaration
against toleration of sectaries and liberty of con
science, in which, after having taken notice of
their great services, they observe that there is i\
party in England who are endeavoring to supplant
the true religion by pleading for liberty of con
science, which, say they, is the nourisher of all
heresies and schisms. They then declare against
all such notions as are inconsistent with the truth
of religion, and opening a door to licentiousness,
which, to the utmost of their power, they will en
deavor to oppose ; and as they have all entered info
one covenant, so to the last man in the kingdom
they will go on in the preservation of it. And how
ever the Parliament of England may determine in
point of toleration and liberty of conscience, they
are resolved not to make the least start, but to live-
and die for the glory of God in the entire preserva
tion of the truth :"J that is, in suppressing liberty
of conscience. This was the spirit of Presbyterian
Scotland in 1645.
Richard Baxter, the most influential Presbyterian
minister in England, as quoted by Crosby, writes,
"My judgment in that much debated point of
liberty of religion I have always freely made
known; I abhor unlimited liberty, or toleration
of all." The Westminster Assembly of Divines,
which framed the creed of all British Presbyte
rians, Dec. 15, 1645, in response to an application
of the Congregationalists for a very moderate toler
ation for themselves, declared that " this opened a
perpetual gap for all sects to challenge such a
liberty as their due ; that this liberty was denied
by the churches of New England, and that they
have as just ground to deny it as they ; that this
t Near." History of the Puritans, iii. 244, 240. Dublin, 1755. See
also Collier s Ecclesiastical History, viii. 300, 301. London, 1841.
LICENSE
701
LTLBURK
desired forbearance is a perpetual division in the
church, and a perpetual drawing away from the
churches under the rule ; for upon the same pre
tense those who scruple infant baptism may with
draw from their churches, and so separate into an
other congregation. Are these divisions, say they,
as lawful as they are infinite? or must we give
that respect to the errors of men s consciences as
to satisfy their scruples by allowance of this liberty
to them? That scruple of conscience is no cause of
separation nor doth it take off causeless separa
tion from being schism, which may arise from
errors of conscience as well as carnal and corrupt
reason." The Assembly flatly denied the tolera
tion solicited by the Congregationalists ; and for
the moment the English government was ready to
enforce their decision. These godly men in the
Assembly and the leading ministers and laymen of
their denomination in London, and in the country
at that time, were fierce enemies of liberty of con
science. To-day our Presbyterian brethren are
friends of true liberty, secular and sacred. But
down to 1644 the Baptists were the only advocates
of liberty of conscience for all Christians, and all
other men on earth. They have the honor of being
the first preachers of this doctrine, and of convert
ing the masses of other denominations to this part
of their creed ; and they have the glory of founding
Rhode Island, the first State on earth where this
doctrine received legal recognition ; and through
Rhode Island the Baptists have given this doctrine
a place in the Constitution of the United States, and
in the legal enactments of every State in the Amer
ican Union.
License, A Form of. As a Baptist church is
the highest ecclesiastical authority in the denomi
nation, or in the Sacred Book, upon whose teach
ings our churches are built, the church, after hear
ing a brother exercise his gifts as a preacher, gives
him a license, not to administer baptism and the
Lord s Supper, but to proclaim the blessed gospel.
This license gives him no ministerial standing, and
no position beyond that of a layman, except that it
expresses the opinion of the church of which he is
u member that he has qualifications for preaching
the gospel. The following form of license has been
used :
" To all whom it ma>/ concern. The Baptist
church of Blanktown sends greeting: Our beloved
brother, Joshua Smith, a man of good repute, un
doubted piety, and sound knowledge of divine
things, after exercising his ministerial gifts in pri
vate and in public to our entire satisfaction, is
hereby licensed to preach the gospel, wherever the
Lord may open a door for him. Wo recommend
him to the favor of our brethren ; and we pray that
the Lord may greatly bless him.
" Done at our regular meeting for business, etc."
Ligon, William Claiborne, was born in Prince
Edward Co., Va., Dec. 18, 1796. He studied at
Golgotha Academy ; was converted at eighteen
years, and ordained in 1825 by Elders P. P. Smith
and Clapton. He came to Missouri in 1841, and
settled near Carrollton. For thirty years he labored
in that part of the State ; was pastor at Lexington,
Dover, Liberty, Richmond, and Carrollton. lie
gave much time and effort to the establishment of
William Jewell College. He was successful as an
evangelist, in Clay, Ray, Lafayette, and Saline
Counties. lie died in Dover, April 13, 1877.
Lilburn, Maj.-Gen. Robert, was a soldier of
great daring. When the Earl of Derby placed
himself at the head of 1500 horse and foot in Lan
cashire, Lilburn met him near Wigan, and with
800 men routed his forces, though they fought
bravely for about an hour. Lilburn killed many
of the enemy, captured between 300 and 400 pris
oners, and lost only 1 1 men.
In Scotland his military administration was
marked by a spirit of devout piety, and of great
kindness. The Baptist church of Ilexham, North
umberland, England, has several allusions to the
general in old letters belonging to its records ; and
one of its letters written to the general is still pre
served. In this epistle the church writes :
" HONORED SIR, It hath been matter of great
joy and consolation to our spirits, ever since we
heard of the glorious appearances of the divine
nature in you, which manifests itself through your
love, which you have towards all saints, and par
ticularly towards us. We desire to admire the
good hand of our God in it, that we, who are less
than the least of saints, should have favor given
us in your eyes, whom God has so highly honored
to set in a place of so great eminency."* They then
proceed to thank him for his great kindness to three
of their brethren, Edward Hickhorngill, Charles
Bond, and Thomas Stackhouse, and for his great
love to their entire church. Ten of the brethren
sign the letter on" behalf of the church. It is dated
the 22d day of the Fourth month, 1653. Gen. Lil
burn had Baptist chaplains, and maintained loving
relations with the churches of that denomination
wherever he was stationed. In 1647 he was gov
ernor of Newcastle ; next year he was one of the
judges that tried Charles I. and condemned him to
death; and the name of Robert Lilburn is ap
pended to the warrant for bis execution.
Cromwell for a time imprisoned him because of
his inflexible republicanism, as he served Harrison
and others. But this only showed the immense in
fluence wielded by Gen. Lilburn ; for it was not to
punish him that Cromwell subjected him to arrest,
but to protect himself from the attacks of a power
ful military leader, who was opposed to all govern-
* Fenstantoii Records, etc., 1328. London, 1854.
LILLARD
LINCOLN
ments administered* by "one man. Cromwell
knew his great worth, and it was he who made him
a major-general.
Lilhurnf was very active in securing the recall of
the remnant of the Long Parliament, when the sys
tem of government instituted by Oliver perished in
thehandsof Richard Cromwell. Largely through his
great influence in the army was this course pursued.
lie felt that no military chieftain should exercise do
minion in his country, nor any committee of gen
erals ; and that government was the creation of the
people themselves ; and as the Long Parliament
was the only fragment of legal government in Eng
land capable of being invested with life, he lent
effectual aid in giving it the sceptre of power once
more.
When Charles II. was placed upon the throne
Lilburn was tried as a regicide ; he offered no de
fense, and of course was condemned ; he was ex
iled to the Isle of St. Nicholas, off Plymouth, where
he died in 1665. Why he was not executed we
cannot conceive ; it was not because of any mercy
possessed by Charles II., nor on account of any
bribe given to the frail but all-powerful companions
of the king s dearest pleasures. Probably, legal
murder, accompanied by the horrible custom in
treason cases of " drawing and quartering," had
begun to arouse the indignation of the nation
against the Stuarts; and Lilburn s life was spared
because its sacrifice might cost too much. We love
the memory of Maj.-Gen. Robert Lilburn, the
" fanatic Anabaptist," as Guizot, in his Memoirs
of Monk, is pleased to call him.
Lillard, Rev. Jas. M., was born in Mercer Co.,
Ky., Sept. 27, 1SU6, and has been a Baptist min
ister for forty-seven years. Ho removed from Ken
tucky to Lewis Co.. Mo., in 1832, being the first
Baptist preacher north of Palmyra, Mo. lie trav
eled far and near, traversing large prairies in the
severest weather, preaching the gospel and receiving
little or no compensation. lie was truly a mis
sionary. lie often went down the Mississippi
River, and occasionally returned to Kentucky,
where he held, and assisted his father in conduct
ing, a number of great revival meetings, in which
hundreds professed faith in Christ, lie has ex
erted a wonderful influence for good throughout all
Northeast Missouri, and though now old and much
afflicted, often preaching while sitting, he travels
almost continually, laboring for Christ. lie has
organized a great many Baptist churches ; assisted
in ordaining at least twenty-five Baptist ministers,
and has baptized more than 3000 persons.
Lillard, Rev. Robert Rodes, A.M., a man
of remarkable gifts and attainments, was born in
Anderson Co., Ky., -Ian. 10, 1826. After a pre-
* Hume, Smollett, an<l Furr, i. 7:!<>. London.
f Rabin s History of England, ii. Ii05. London, 1733.
paratory course he entered Georgetown College as
a Sophomore in 1842, and graduated in 1845.
Having professed religion and united with the
Baptist church at Lawrenccburg, in his native
county, in 1841, he was licensed to preach the fol
lowing year, and was ordained to the ministry in
1846. lie now placed himself under the instruction
of the distinguished Dr. J. L. AValler, and the fol
lowing year became associated with his preceptor
in the editorship of the Western Baptist Review, at
that time the ablest periodical in the West. His
career was a most brilliant one, and within a few
months he was placed among the ablest periodical
writers of his time, but shortly after, death closed
his too brief career, on June 7. 1S49.
Lincoln, Ensign, was born in Hingham, Mass.,
Jan. 8, 1779. lie enjoyed good educational oppor
tunities in his youthful days, and the inestimable
blessing of an early religious training. When he
reached the age of fourteen he was placed as an
apprentice at the business of printing. Having
become a Christian ho was baptized by Rev. Dr.
Baldwin in 1799, of whose church he was a mem
ber until he transferred his relation to the Third
Baptist church, for so many years under the pas
toral charge of Rev. Dr. Sharp. As he had evi
dently gifts which fitted him to preach the gospel,
he was induced to exercise them. The churches at
Lynn, East Cambridge, Cambridgeport, Roxbury.
South Boston, and Federal Street. Boston, owe to
him a great debt of gratitude for what he did among
them in the days of their early weakness. While
engaged in promoting the Redeemer s kingdom by
the use of the talents which God had given him as
a preacher of righteousness, he was also in another
way accomplishing avast amount of good. As the
leading partner in the publishing house of Lincoln
& Edmunds, he was instrumental in sending out,
from the press a healthful religious literature,
which proved a blessing of great value to multi
tudes of people. lie spent a life of purity and
blamelessness among his fellow-men, until God
took him home to receive the reward of a faithful
servant. His death occurred Dec. 2, 1832. Dr.
Wayland says of him, Since his death was men
tioned to me, I have been striving to think of one
who was of more value to the church as a layman.
I could not think of one. I have thought of clergy
men, and the result was the same. You may look
over a dozen cities before you find a man in a
private station who has cleared away around him
self so large and so fertile a field of usefulness. I
know of no man to fill up his place."
Lincoln, Hon. Heman, was born in Ilingham,
Mass., Jan. 7, 1779. He was one of a family of
eleven children, whose parents were honored and
loved in the community in which they lived for
their consistent piety. When Heman was fourteen
LIXCOLN
703
years of age lie was apprenticed to a carpenter in
Boston. He was baptized by Dr. Baldwin, May
19. 1799, and in 1809 he was chosen a deacon of
the church.
A man of his sterling worth could not remain
long in private life. His fellow-citizens, recog
nizing his abilities, were not backward in solicit
ing him to occupy public positions. At different
times, as representative and senator, he served in
the Legislature of Massachusetts. He was chosen
a member of the convention for the revision of the
State constitution, and, as an intelligent Baptist,
he made an earnest plea in behalf of religious lib
erty and the rights of conscience. Ten years, how
ever, passed before the cause which he so earnestly
advocated triumphed over the prejudices with which
it had been called to contend.
Deacon Lincoln was among the earliest and most
steadfast friends of home and foreign missions.
For several years he was the president of the Amer
ican Baptist Home Mission Society, and when the
conversion of Mr. and Mrs. Judson to Baptist sen
timents called forth an appeal to the churches in
this country for help in the establishment of the
missions in Burmah, he was among the first to re
spond. In 1824 he was chosen treasurer of the
Baptist General Convention, and he held the office
twenty-two years. So deep was his interest in the
cause that he gave up his regular business, and
spent his time at the mission rooms in Boston, and
proved himself a most valuable assistant to Rev.
Dr. Bolles, at the time the corresponding secretary
of the Convention.
But it was not merely the two great denomina
tional organizations for the prosecution of home
and foreign missions that awakened the regards of
Deacon Lincoln. He was ready to unite with all
good men for the advancement of any cause which
aimed at the improvement of mankind and the
glory of God. He was a steadfast friend of the
American Bible Society, the American Tract So
ciety at New York, the American Temperance So
ciety, and kindred organizations. For twenty-seven
years he was a trustee of Brown University, lie
was one of the founders of the Newton Theological
Institution, and for several years one of its trustees.
For twenty-two years he was chairman of the ex
ecutive committee of the American Baptist Mis
sionary Union. The missionaries under appoint
ment found in his hospitable dwelling a happy
home while waiting the time of their departure to
the distant fields of their labor, and when, worn
down with protracted toil, they returned to recruit
their wasted strength in their native country, Dea
con Lincoln was among the first to give them a
hearty welcome under his own roof. A life of
more than ninety years was consecrated to the ser
vice of his Master, and when he died. Aug. 11,1 869.
it was felt that a good man had gone home to
heaven. Most truthfully was it said of him, "The
cause of Christ was dearer to him than personal
reputation or any earthly good. His record was
remarkably unsullied, and all the churches with
which he was connected may count that record as
among their choicest ornaments."
Lincoln, Heman, D.D., was born in Boston,
Mass., April 14, 1821. He graduated at Brown
University in the class of 1840. Among his class
mates were Prof. J. B. Boise, LL.D., Rev. Dr. W.
T. Brantly, President K. Dodge, LL.D., Rev. Dr.
J. R. Kcndrick, and President II. G. Weston, D.D.
He graduated at the Newton Institution in the class
of 1845, and was ordained immediately after his
graduation, in Boston, September, 1845. lie was
pastor of the church in New Britain, Pa., for five
years, when ho removed to Philadelphia to take
charge of the Franklin Square church. After three
years of service he was called to Jamaica Plain,
Mass., where he continued six years. He accepted
a call to the Central Baptist church in Providence,
of which he was pastor for eight years, the connec
tion being terminated by his appointment to the pro
fessorship of Ecclesiastical History in the Newton
Theological Institution, the duties of which he
performed for five years, when he was transferred
to the chair of Homiletics and Pastoral Duties,
which position he now holds. Dr. Lincoln has had
much experience in writing for the press during
all his professional life. For five years he was edi
torially connected with the Chrisiian Chronicle,
LINCOLN
704
LINDXA Y
and for thirteen yejirs with the Wntc.kmaii ami /.V-
flector. Rochester University conferred upon Dr.
Lincoln the decree of Doctor of Divinity in 18(>;">.
Lincoln, Prof. John, LL.D., son of Knsign
Lincoln, was horn in Boston. .Muss., Feb. 23, IS 1 7.
;ind was graduated at Brown University in the class
of 1831). Immediately after which lie was chosen
a tutor in Columbian College, Washington, 1). C.,
where lie remained during the academic year
ls;i! )-:;7. In the fall of 1837 lie entered the New
ton Theological Seminary, where he remained until
the fall of IS. ! .), when, having been elected a tutor
in Brown University, he removed to Providence.
l[e held this ofiiee two years, at the end of which
lie went abroad, in company with Prof. II. B.
Tlackett. in order to pursue his studies at the Ger
man universities. He spent the academic year
1x41-4:2 in llalle, studying theology with Tholuck
and -lulius Miiller. and philology with Gesenius, in
Hebrew, and with Barn hardy in the classics. The
vacation of July and August was spent in an ex
cursion through Switzerland and Northern Italy,
with Tholuck as a companion. The second acad
emic year, 1842-43, was spent in Berlin, under
Xeander, in church history, Old Testament history
with Hengstenberg, and the classics with Boectch.
The fall of 1843 he spent in Geneva, where he de
voted himself to the study of French, and then
went to Home, where he remained until May, 1844.
In the fall of 1844 he entered upon his duties as
Assistant Professor of the Latin Language and
Literature in Brown University, and was appointed
full professor in 1845. In 1857 he went abroad a
second time, and was absent six months, a part of
which was passed in Athens. Again in the sum
mer of 1878 he took a third trip to the Old World.
Prof. Lincoln has prepared editions of Livy and
Horace, which have been well received, lie has
also contributed able articles for reviews, maga
zines, and the religious papers.
Lincoln, Mrs. Nancy Hanks, the mother of
Abraham Lincoln, was born in Virginia, and when
quite young removed to Kentucky with some mem
bers of her family. In 1806 she married Thomas
Lincoln, of Hodgenville, llardin Co., Ky.
In 1843 La Rue County was created, which in
cluded the home of Thomas and Nancy Lincoln.
This county was named after John La Rue, and
Hodgenville after Thomas Hodgen. A biographer
of Abraham Lincoln says, Both these pioneers
were men of sterling integrity and high moral
worth ; they were consistent and zealous members
of the Baptist church, and one of their associates,
Benjamin Lynn, was a minister of the same per
suasion. Such were the influences under which,
more than twenty years before Thomas Lincoln
settled there, this little colony had been founded,
and which went far to give the community its per
manent character/ In this Baptist settlement
Abraham Lincoln, afterwards President of the
United States, was born, Feb. 12, ]8(J9.
Nancy Hanks Lincoln was a woman of rare
qualities of mind and heart, and though she died
in 1818, when her son was only nine years old, she
left impressions upon him which could never be
effaced, and which directed his whole future move
ments. "All that I am on earth," said President
Lincoln to Rev. Dr. A. D. Gillette, then of Wash
ington City, " 1 owe to my Baptist mother. I am
glad to see you, doctor ; you remind me of my Bap
tist mother/
Mrs. Lincoln lived and died unknown beyond a
very limited circle, but her light has been carried
over this land and over all the world by the fame
of Abraham Lincoln, her distinguished son.
Lindsay, Edmond J., a well-known Christian
business man of Milwaukee, was born in Dundee,
Scotland, in 1838. His father, in 1841, emigrated
with his family to New York, and in 1843 came to
Dodge Co., AVis.. where he engaged in farming.
He was a prominent member and officer in a Scotch
Baptist church in Dundee, a man of decided Chris
tian influence. When he came to Wisconsin and
found himself in a newly-settled country, where
j the institutions of religion were not yet established,
he had a church in his home, teaching his children
the way of God, expounding the Scriptures, and
holding regular worship until churches were estab
lished.
It was in this Christian atmosphere young Lind
say s childhood and youth were passed. He ob
tained his education in the log school-house of the
newly-settled neighborhood, and :in occasional term
of study in the classical schools at Waupun and
Fox Lake. But Mr. Lindsay has been a student all
his life, having a line library and other facilities
for the acquisition of knowledge.
When eleven years of age his father died, and
the care of the farm devolved upon him.
Mr. Lindsay is the senior member of the firm of
E. J. and W. Lindsay. The business was estab
lished by Mr. Lindsay in 1869, and is now one of
the most extensive establishments of its class west
of the Lakes, having relations with every State and
Territory in the Northwest. As its manager Mr.
Lindsay displays qualifications of a high order.
But it is chiefly as a Christian that he has become
widely known. He made a profession of religion
when fourteen years of age, and united a few years
later with the Baptist church at Fox Lake. lie is
one of the best-known members of the First Bap
tist church in Milwaukee, a member of its board
of trustees, has been its Sabbath-school superin
tendent, and in all the work of the church a chief
actor. In the city, outside of his church, he is a
leader in all benevolent enterprises. In the de-
LINDSA Y
705
LIN N A It 1)
nominational work of the State he takes a promi
nent part, lie is a member of the board of the
Wisconsin Baptist State Convention, and of its Ex
ecutive Committee, and he is its efficient treasurer.
Lindsay, Rev. W. C., was born in Virginia in
1840. He spent four years at a literary and two
at a medical college, and afterwards three in the
study and practice of law. At the close of the
war he resumed the study of medicine, but having
"tasted and seen that the Lord is good," "imme
diately he conferred not with flesh and blood," but
came to the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary,
and spent four years and graduated.
His first pastorate was at Wilson, N. C., where
he had the society and warm friendship of the cele
brated Dr. Hooper. In five mouths his health failed, :
pneumonia contracted in camp having left his
lungs in a diseased condition. Having rested a
few months, he took charge of the church at Barn-
well Court-House, when, as an evidence of their ap
preciation, they almost doubled the compensation
they were accustomed to give. The young men
who avoided the church not only went, but con
tributed liberally to his salary. Five years in the
pine belt, as frequently happens, restored his
health, lie next spent a year, 1ST ), as agent for
the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary and
Furman University, and then settled in Columbia,
S. C., where he is now pastor.
He probably lias not an enemy in the world.
Lindsey, Rev. E. H., a prominent minister of
Dallas County. Ark., was born in Alabama in
1831. He embraced Christ and united with the
Methodist Church in 1848. and was a preacher in
that denomination for seven years. A careful ex
amination of the subject of baptism led to a change ,
of views, and he united with the Baptists in 1S.V.).
and in the following year was ordained .to the min
istry, lie came to Arkansas and settled in Dallas
County, where he has remained ever since, having
served the following churches in Dallas and the ad
joining counties: Cold Water, ten years; Hamp
ton, nine years; Millville, seven years; Holly
Springs, three years; Edinburg, two years ; Cham-
borsville nearly twenty years. During the time he
has baptized about 400.
Lineberry, Rev. William, a useful minister in
the Sandy Creek Association, N. C. lie had been
a minister of the Protestant Methodist Church, but
became a Baptist, and was baptized by Rev. Enoch
Crutchfield in 1S43. He was agent for the State;
Convention in 1845 and 1846. He died in 1875.
Link, Rev. J. B., was born in Rockbridge Co.,
Va., May 7. 1S28-. converted in October, 1840;
baptized at the Natural Bridge. Va,, in October,
1841 : ordained at Mount Pleasant, Jessamine Co.,
Ky., in 1852. Drs. I). II. Campbell and Win. M.
Pratt acting as the Presbytery : prosecuted the
four years course of study at Georgetown College,
Ky.. graduating in 1853; studied theology at, and
graduated from, Rochester Theological Seminary,
after a two years course, in 1855; pastor of the
churches at Paris, Ky., and Liberty, Mo. ; acted as
agent for William Jewell College for nearly two
years, and raised $20.000 for that institution : en
tered the Confederate army, spent most of the time
as a chaplain ; went to Texas as agent of the Home
Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention,
especially for army missions. At the close of the
year was occupied in efforts to establish the Texan
Baptist Herald. Since 186f> has published and
edited that journal with indefatigable energy,
placing it upon a solid foundation. He is a man
of indomitable will and courage, clear-headed,
REV. J. K. LINK.
patient, wise, and logical. He has been a vice-
president of the Southern Baptist Convention, and
is now laboring for the " Texas Educational (Join-
mission," in connection with his editorial manage
ment of the Texas Baptist Herald.
Linnard, James M., was born in September,
1784 ; was baptized about the year 1830, by Rev.
Gideon B. Perry, into the fellowship of the Spruce
Street church, Philadelphia, Pa. He continued in
membership with this church until his death, which
occurred Oct. 10, 1803. Few men have left behind
them the record of a Christian life more abundant
in the blessed results of intense consecration and
large-hearted benevolence. Nor do these results
pertain to his own life alone : for it appears to be
well and widely known that his example and inllu-
LINSLEY
700
LITERATURE
ence wen: agencies divinely employed to inspire
similar consecration and benevolence among others
possessed of greater wealth, whose princely bene
factions still continue to aid the advancement of
the Redeemer s kingdom. He was for many years,
and up to the time of his death, the president of
the Pennsylvania Baptist (leneral Association.
Tin; growth and usefulness of this organization
were largely due to his love for Christ and zeal for
his cause. lie had a clear, sound mind, and was
a warm friend and wise counselor in every depart
ment of benevolent and religious effort. lie was
one of three laymen who have been moderators of
the Philadelphia Baptist Association.
Linsley, Rev. James Harvey, son of James
and Sarah (Maltby) Linsley, was born in North
Bran ford, C<mn.. May 5, 1787; in 1809 went South ;
converted in 18 10; taught school in Cheshire,
( onn.; baptized in 1811 in North Haven; studied
in Wallingford Academy; graduated from Yale
College in 18L7; taught in an academy at New
Haven, also at New Canaan, also in a select school
at Stratford; began to preach in 1828; ordained,
in 1831, as an evangelist, at Meriden ; preached in
Milford and Stratlield ; in 1835 was delegate to
Triennial Convention in Richmond, Va. ; health
failed in 1830 ; went to Florida ; was a member of
Yale Natural Historical Society, of Connecticut
Academy of Arts and Sciences, of Hartford Nat
ural Historical Society, of Boston Society of Nat
ural History : published valuable scientific papers.
lie died Dec. 29. 1843, leaving a precious record as
a scholar and as a Christian.
Lisk, Rev. James, was born near Coshocton,
O., Oct. II), 1839; was baptized April 27, 1855, by
Rev. A. W. Odor: graduated from Denison Uni
versity in 1802, and from Rochester Theological
Seminary in 1805 ; was ordained in June, 1805,
and settled with the Second church, Cincinnati, 0. :
removed to Rockford, 111., in 1807, and remained
for two years : accepted a call to his present field
of labor, the Second church, Germantown, Phila
delphia, and entered upon his duties June 1, 187".
He is an able and impressive preacher and a faith
ful pastor, diligent in personal efforts for the sal
vation of skills, and strong in defense of" the faith
once delivered to the saints." lie is actively iden
tified with the educational and missionary work of
the denomination, and is conscientious in the per
formance of duties assigned to him in the manage
ment of important trusts. In 187 .) he was made
moderator of the Philadelphia Baptist Association.
His people, after worshiping for years in a neat
chapel, are now building a handsome church edifice.
Literature, Baptist. The list of authors in
this article contains the names of only a portion of
the great body of Baptist writers : and often but one
book is mentioned where several came from the
same hand ; or three, as in the case of Benjamin
Keach, where forty-three were the fruits of his
active mind.
THE SACRED TEXT AND WORKS UPON IT.
Our Lord was immersed in the river Jordan when
he reached adult years, and founded the Baptist de
nomination. The writers of the New Testament,
like the Saviour, were Baptists, whose; "one (mate
rial) baptism" is believer s immersion. In trans
lating the New Testament into the language of a
heathen people, Baptists have always insisted upon
translating Ba;m Cw, instead of transferring it. The
first versions of the Scriptures followed this plan.
The Peshito, a Syriac version, made early in the-
second century for the Jews in Palestine, renders
y
the act of baptizing by the verb. \OV . to immerse.
About the same time a Latin translation was pre
pared for the people who used that tongue. Prob
ably from this first version Tertnllian quotes the
Saviour s commission, Go, teach the nations, im
mersing them in the name of the Father, and of
the Son, and of the Holy Spirit." Matt, xxviii. 19.
(Ite, docete nationes, tinguentes eas in nomcn
Patris. etc. De Baptismo, cap. 13.) In the next
chapter Tertullian quotes Paul s statement, that he
was not sent to baptize, but to preach, 1 and he
uses the words ad tinguendum, to immerse, to de
scribe the baptismal act. The men who made these
earliest translations, like the inspired writers of the
New Testament, were Baptists. Jerome, in his Vul
gate, uses baptize, instead of tinr/no or immergo, not
because immersion was abandoned, but on account
of a mass of ceremonies that in his day burdened
the baptismal rite, authority for which could readily
be claimed under a foreign word, the meaning of
which was only known to scholars. What was
true of the Syriac and Latin versions is true of
other primitive translations of the New Testament j
and from these and other considerations we claim
the versions of the first three centuries as sub
stantially Baptist productions. Like modern Bap
tists, the early Christians multiplied versions of the
Scriptures, and distributed the Word as widely as
possible. Augustine says, Those who have trans
lated the Bible into Greek can be numbered, but
not so the Latin versions, for in the first ages of
the church whoever got hold of a Greek codex ven
tured to translate it into Latin, however slight his
knowledge of either language."
In 1229, at a Catholic council held in Thoulouse.
in France, a canon was passed prohibiting laics
from having the books of the Old or New Testa
ment, unless it be a Psalter, or a Breviary, and the
Rosary, and it does not permit them so much as to
translate them into the vulgar tongue." Du Pin after
recording the above adds, " This restraint was doubt-
MTKltATCKK
707
LITEKATUKE
less founded on that frequent abuse which was made
of them in that country. (Eccles. Hist., ii. 456.
Dublin, 1724.) This canon was enacted to rob our
Baptist Albigensian fathers of the Scriptures, parts
of which they had for a time in French, and subse
quently the whole of them. Their version was a
Baptist work. In 1526, Denk and Haetzer, two
Anabaptists, commenced the translation of the He
brew Bible in Strasburg, and succeeded well with
the prophets, which were published early in the
following year, nearly five years before Luther s
Bible. The Rev. Henry Jessey had a translation
of the Scriptures prepared in 1660, when the per
secutions that followed the accession of Charles II.
to the throne of England rendered its publication
impossible, and resulted in its destruction.
Dr. William Carey translated the Scriptures into
Sanscrit, Hindu, Brijbbhassa, Mahratta, Bengali,
Oriva, Telinga, Karnata, Maldivian. Gurajattee
Buloosho, Pushtoo, Punjabi, Kashmeer, Assam,
Barman. Pali, or Magudha, Tamul. Cingalese, Ar
menian, Malay, Hindostani, and Persian. Before
the death of Dr. Carey the mission press at Seram-
pore had sent forth the Scriptures in forty different
languages and dialects, the tongues of 330,000,000
of human beings.
Dr. Jiulson translated the Scriptures into Bur
mese, Dr. Marshman into Chinese, Dr. Mason into
Sgau Karen, Dr. Nathan Brown into Japanese.
Dr. II. F. Buckner translated the gospel of John
into the language of the Creek Indians. The New
Testament, " with several hundred emendations,
was edited by Spencer II. Cone and William II.
Wyckoff. The American Bible Union, controlled
by Baptists, though not exclusively composed of
them, revised the entire English New Testament,
and a large part of the Old ; and they also re
vised the Spanish and Italian New Testaments,
and made a new translation into the Ningpo collo
quial dialect of China. It may be added that the
Bible Union did much to create the public opinion
that has resulted in the movement in England to
make a revision of the Bible of 1611. The Rev.
Joseph S. C. F. Frey edited an edition of Van Der
Hooght s Hebrew Bible.
Dr. John Gill was the author of a commentary
on the Old and New Testaments, in nine quarto
volumes. This great work was republished in
Philadelphia by a Presbyterian in 1810, and in
Ireland many years later by an Episcopal clergy
man. It is the richest treasury of Biblical and Ori
ental learning and of gospel truth which exists in
the form of a commentary. Dr. John Fawcett was
the author of a commentary in two folio volumes.
The Baptist Publication Society is preparing a com
mentary under such auspices as will secure the
fruits of the ripest scholarship and of the most re
cent discoveries in Bible lands. Robert Ilaldane
was the author of " Notes on the Epistle of the
Romans," and a work upon " The Verbal Inspira
tion of the Scriptures. Dr. C. M. Du Veil, a con
verted Israelite, led to embrace Baptist sentiments
when an Episcopal clergyman, by reading our
books in the library of the bishop of London, to
which he had access, in 1685, published " A Literal
Explanation of the Acts of the Apostles. James
A. Ilaldane wrote an "Exposition of the Epistle to
the Galatians." Prof. II. J. Ripley prepared
"Notes on the Gospels and Acts," and on the
"Epistle to the Hebrews." Prof. Ilackett wrote a
commentary on the Acts of the Apostles ;" Spur-
goon has a commentary upon the Psalms, called
" The Treasury of David," in six volumes. Dr.
Adiel Sherwood was the author of " Notes on the
New Testament." Dr. George W. Clark has pre
pared " Notes on the Gospels."
Rev. William Jones was the author of "A Dic
tionary of the Sacred Writings." Dr. Ilacket edited
an American issue of Smith s " Dictionary of the
Bible." to the English edition of which he con
tributed thirty articles. John Canne spent " more
than thrice seven years" in preparing marginal
references for the English Bible. A marginal
Bible, printed in 1747, now before the writer, after
the dedication to King James, presents Mr. Canne s
" Letter to the Reader." Dr. Malcom s " Diction
ary of Names, Objects, and Terms Found in the
Holy Scriptures" has had a circulation of nearly
200.000.
Dr. Samuel G. Green s " Handbook to the
Grammar of the New Testament, Together with
a Complete Vocabulary (Lexicon) and an Exami
nation of the Chief New Testament Synonyms," is-
a work of great learning and value.
RELIGIOUS WORKS.
In this list we might include a large number of
the books written by primitive Christians, whose
authors, like Justin Martyr, speak only of the
"washing in water," of "persuaded believers"
(Just, Philos. Mart. Apol. I. Pro Christ. Patrol.
Grteca VI. p. 210, Migne), or of trained catechu-
meni. Tertullian in his orthodox days wrote on
the mode and subjects of baptism like a very zeal
ous Baptist, and a part of his works might be legiti
mately reckoned to the credit of Baptists. The
Confession of St. Patrick, and his Letter to Caroti-
cus, arc Baptist productions ; he immersed throngs
of believers in wells in various parts of Ireland.
The Swiss Anabaptist Confession of 1527, as far as
it goes, is almost entirely in harmony with modern
Baptist opinions. The religious literature of this
period, of the sober Anabaptists of the Continent
of Europe, may be largely claimed by our denomi
nation to-day. The writings of Leonard Busher
and others "On Liberty of Conscience," from 1614
LITERATURE
ros
LITERATURE
to 1601. published by tin; Ilanserd Knollys Society,
are vigorous Baptist productions. The Confes
sions, issued by the same society, beginning with
Hill and ending with IDS .), belong to us.
" Tropologia, or :i Key to Open Scripture Meta
phors," and "Gospel Mysteries Unveiled, or an Ex
position of all the Parables, are the two most
popular works of the celebrated Benjamin Keach.
The " Exposition of all the Parables" is more fre
quently offered for sale now in London catalogues
of second-hand books, than any of the works of
-John Howe, Dr. John Owen, or Bishop Jeremy
Taylor. John Banyan s works, in 7<)1 royal oc
tavo double-column pages, of which the " Pilgrim s
Progress" occupies but 120. are not as well known
as they should be. except " Grace Abounding,"
"The Holy War." and " The Pilgrim s Progress.
Of the last, we may truly say that it is the most
popular book ever written. Until 1S-47 it had been
translated into French, Flemish, Dutch, Welsh,
Gaelic, Irish, Hebrew, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian.
Danish, German, Armenian, Burmese, Cingalese,
Orissa, Ilindostani, Bengali, Tamiil, Mahratta.
Canarese, Gujaratti, Malay, Arabic, Samoan, Ta-
liitian. Pehuana, Behuana. Malagasy, New Zea
land, and Latin; and undoubtedly it has been
translated into several languages since that time.
The prose writings of John Milton were numerous
and popular. Some of these were political, like
his first and second " Defence of the People of
England ;" but a number of them treated of ecclesi
astical questions, like his "Reformation in Eng
land," his " Prelatical Episcopacy," his " National
Establishments of Religion," his " True Religion,
Heresy, Schism, and Toleration ;" others were de
voted to Education." "The History of Britain,"
and to miscellaneous subjects. His Treatise "On
Christian Doctrine." edited by Charles R. Sunnier,
librarian and historiographer to his majesty, and
prebendiary of Canterbury, and published in 1825,
is a very remarkable work. In it there are some
opinions from which we decidedly dissent, but upon
many questions, and conspicuously about the mode
and subjects of baptism, Milton was a strong Bap
tist. " Anti-Christ Unmasked," by Henry Denne ;
"The Necessity for Separation from the Church
of England," by John Canne; Delanne s "Plea
for Nonconformists," according to Daniel De Foe.
"perfect in itself; never author left behind him a
more finished piece ;" in 1739 it had passed through
seventeen editions; "111 News from New Eng
land, &c.." by John Clarke, a celebrated work in
defense of liberty of conscience.
" Gill s Body of Divinity" and his other theologi
cal works are invaluable. The works of Andrew
Fuller, in 1012 double-column imperial octavo pages,
are necessary to the completeness of any Protestant
theological library. The works of Robert Hall, in six
12mo volumes, breathe the eloquence which made
their author the greatest preacher of his day, and
the equal of any orator of the Anglo-Saxon race.
The following works are favorably known: Buck s
" Philosophy of Religion," Pendleton s " Christian
Doctrines," "Baptist Doctrines," edited by C. A.
Jenkens ; Dagg s " Moral Science," "Evidences of
Christianity," and "Manual of Theology," Stock s
" Handbook of Revealed Theology," Carson on
"The Knowledge of Jesus, the Most Excellent of
the Sciences," and " The Providence of God Un
folded in the Book of Esther." The works of
Archibald McLean, in six volumes, I2mo ; "Help
to /ion s Travelers." by Robert Hall. Sr. ; "Ex
hortations Relating to Prayer and the Lord s
Supper," by Benjamin Wallin ; " First Fruits," and
" Primitive Theology." by Henry Holcombe ; Ed
mund Botsford s "Spiritual Voyages ;" " Writings
of John Leland," by L. F. Green ; complete works
of Abraham Booth ; " Church Order," " The Elec
tion of Grace," "Internal Call to the Ministry,"
and "Sermons," by Isaac Backus; "Treatise on
Various Subjects," and " Vindication of Natural
Religion," by John Brine; Magowan s "Dialogues
of Devils," "The Deity and Atonement of Christ,"
by John Marshman ; the works of John II. Hinton.
in seven volumes 12mo ; the writings of Dr. Francis
Wayland, educational, philosophical, and religious;
the "Miscellanies," and " Lectures on Baptist His
tory," of William R. Williams ; Angus s " Hand
book of the Bible," " The Power of the Cross,"
by Richard Fuller; " Apostolic Church Polity,"
by William Williams ; "Preaching: its Ideal and
Inner Life," by Thomas Armitage ; " Preparation
and Delivery of Sermons," by John A. Broadus ;
"AVheat from the Fields of Boa/,," by A. G.
Thomas; "Christian Experience," by D. W.
Faunce ; " The Atonement," by Octavius \Vinslow ;
"The Atonement," by J. A. llaldane; "Soul
Prosperity," by C. D. Mallary ; " Maxcy s Lit
erary Remains," by Romeo Elton ; " Lectures on
Biblical Antiquities," by F. A. Cox; "Christ in
History," by Robert Turnbull ; " The Apostolical
Constitutions, including the Canons," by I rah
Chase; "Internal Evidences of Christianity," by
John Aldis ; " Book of Worship for Private Fami
lies," " The Sanctuary, Its Claims and Power,"
by W. AV. Everts : " Pulpit Eloquence," by Henry
C. Fish; "The Spirit, Policy, and Influence of
Baptists," by T. G. Jones ; " Black Diamonds,"
"Great Wonders in Little Things." and "Ocean
Gardens," by Sidney Dyer ; " A Pedobaptist Church
no Home for a Baptist," by R. T. Middleditch ;
"Baptist History, Faith, and Polity," by D. B.
Cheney ; " Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge,"
by J. Newton Brown ; " Campbellism Examined,"
by J. B. Jeter ; " Morning by Morning," and
" Evening by Evening," by C. II. Spurgeon ; " The
IATKRATCRE
LITERATURE
Church, its Polity and Ordinances. by II. Harvey;
" Baptist Short Method," by Edward Hiscox ; " The
Papal System from its Origin to the Present
Time," " A Historical Sketch of Every Doctrine,
Claim, and Practice of the Church of Rome, by
William Cathcart ; " History of Romanism, by
John Dowling ; The Pernicious Effects of Infant
Baptism," by Norman Fox ; " The Philosophy of
Atheism Examined and Compared with Christi
anity, by B. Godwin : "Duties of a Pastor to his
Church, by Franklin Wilson ; Dr. Malcom s
" Travels in Southeastern Asia," " A Year s Tour
in the Holy Land." by S. D. Phelps ; " Plea for Bap
tist Principles," by G. W. Anderson; "Text-Book
of Campbellism," by D. B. Ray; "Text-Book of
Popery," by J. M. Cramp; Dr. J. R. Graves is among
the first of living Baptist writers, his last work is
"Old Landmarkism, What is it?" " Religious De
nominations in the United States and Great Bri
tain," by Joseph Belcher; "The Creative Week,"
and "The Mountain Instruction," by George Dana
Boardman ; " Priscilla," by Joseph Banvard ;
" Western Empire, or the Drama of Human Prog
ress," by E. L. Magoon ; "Corrective Church Dis
cipline," and " Parliamentary Practice," by Chan
cellor P. 11. Moll.
Sermons in volumes have been published very
extensively by Baptists. In 1876, Spurgeon had
issued twenty-one volumes. Some of his sermons
have been translated into German, Danish, Swe
dish, French, Italian, and Welsh. Maclaren has
published sermons which have been very popular.
We shall only add the following as authors of
volumes of sermons: Dr. Samuel Stennett, Dr.
William T. Brantly, Sr., Dr. Samuel Stillman,
Rev. Oliver Hart, and Rev. AVilliam Parkinson.
Tkcfolloiviiuj are amoiuj a In rye number of works
on baptism and the Lord s Supper: " Anti-Pedo-
baptism," by John Tombes (Mr. Tombes wrote
fourteen distinct works on baptism) ; " A Treatise
of Baptism, wherein that of Believers and that of
Infants is Examined by the Scriptures," by Henry
D Anvers; " Anti-Psedo-Rantism, or Mr. Samuel
Finley s Charitable Plea for the Speechless Exam
ined and Refuted, the Baptism of Believers Main
tained, and the Mode of it by Immersion Vindi
cated," by Abel Morgan, Philadelphia, printed by
B. Franklin, in Market Street, 1747; Mr. Finley
was subsequently president of New Jersey, now
Princeton, College ; " The Baptism of John" and
" Letters on Baptism," by Thomas Baldwin ; " Pe-
dobaptism Examined," by Abraham Booth ; " In
fant Baptism a Part and Pillar of Popery," by
John Gill ; " History of Baptism," by Robert Rob
inson ; " Scripture Guide to Baptism," by Richard
Pengilly ; Gale s "Reflections on Wall s History
of Infant Baptism;" "Baptism, a Term of Com
munion at the Lord s Supper," by Joseph King-
horn ; "Baptism in its Mode and Subjects," by
Alexander Carson ; " Infant Baptism an Invention
of Men," by Irah Chase ; " Essay on Christian
Baptism," by B. W. Noel; "Baptism and Terms
of Communion," by Richard Fuller; " Doctrine of
Baptism on the Principles of Biblical Interpreta
tion," by J. J. Woolsey ; "Baptism," by F. W.
Broaddus ; " Handbook on the Mode of Baptism,"
and "Handbook on the Subjects of Baptism," by
Robert Ingham ; " Theodosia Ernest," by A. C.
Dayton; "Grace Truman," by Mrs. S. R. Ford;
"Baptism and Baptisteries," by W. Cote; "The
Meaning and Use of Baptizcin Philologically and
Historically Investigated," by T. J. Conant;
Howell on Communion ; " Immersion Essential to
Christian Baptism," by John A. Broadus ; " Church
Communion as Practised by the Baptists," by AY.
W. Gardner ; " Studies on the Baptismal Question,"
by D. B. Ford ; " Baptism in Harmony in the East
and in the West," by J. C. Long; "The Position
of Baptism in the Christian System," by Henry
II. Tucker ; " History of Baptism," by Isaac T.
Ilinton ; "The Act of Baptism," by Henry S.
Burrage ; "The Baptism of the Ages and of the
Nations," by Wm. Cathcart.
The following histories were written b;/ Baptists:
Reach s "History of the English Baptists," Cros
by s " History of the English Baptists," Ivimey s
"History of the English Baptists," Orchard s
" History of the English Baptists," Taylor s " His
tory of the General Baptists," Robinson s "His
torical Researches," Backus s " History of the
Baptists," Cramp s "Baptist History," Benedict s
"History of the Baptists," " Materials for a His
tory of the Baptists in Delaware and in other
States," by Morgan Edwards; Semple s "History
of the Rise and Progress of the Baptists in Vir
ginia," Cook s " Delawai-e Baptists," Orchard s
" History of Foreign Baptists," " Historical Vin
dications," by S. S. Cutting; Duncan s "History
of the Baptists," " The Early English Baptists,"
by Benjamin Evans ; Asplund s " Baptist Regis
ter," Hague s " Historical Discourse," Callender s
"Historical Discourse on the Civil and Religious
Affairs of Rhode Island and Providence Planta
tions ;" the materials gathered by John Comer for
a history of American Baptist churches are of
great value to all who have engaged in the under
taking, from which death removed the talented
collector; Curry s "Struggles and Triumphs of
Virginia Baptists," Hayne s "Baptist Denomina
tion, its History and Doctrines," Ford s "Origin
of the Baptists," Wm. Jones s " Church History,"
"Sketch of the Lower Dublin, or Pennepek
Church," by II. G. Jones ; " History of the First
Baptist Church of Newport," by C. E. Barrows;
"Religious Liberty and the Baptists," by C. C.
Bitting; Anderson s "Annals of the English
LITERATURE
710
LITERATURE
Bible," Hay s "Baptist Succession." Mrs. T. J.
Conant s u History of tin; English Bible," Curtis s
" Progress of Baptist Principles," Cox s " History
of English Baptist Missions," Gamnnd s " History
of American Baptist Missions," McCoy s History
of Baptist Missions among American Indians,"
Baptists and tlie American Devolution," by Win.
Cathcart ; "Annals of tlie Christian Commission,"
by Lemuel Moss ; " History of Missions," by
John 0. ( lioules ; " Bunhill Memorials, by J. A.
Jones; Bunliill is tlie London cemetery for Dis
senters, where the ashes of Bunyan repose;
"Manning and Brown University, by Reuben A.
Guild: "The Baptist Encyclopaedia," edited by
William Catlicart.
BIOGRAPHIES.
Life of Colonel Ilutchinson, written by his
widow Lucy ; " Ivimcy s Life of -John Milton ;"
" Life of Henry Dunster," first president of Har
vard College, by Jeremiah Chaplin ; Life of
William Kiflin," by Joseph Ivimey ; " Virginia
Baptist Ministers," by J. B. Taylor; llovey s
" Life and Times of Isaac Backus ;" Lives of Roger
Williams, by J. I). Knowles, Romeo Elton, Wil
liam Gammel, and Benjamin Evans ; Wallin s
Life of Dr. -John Gill," Wilkin s " Life of Joseph
Kinghorn," (Gregory s Life of Rol)crt Hall,"
Fuller s "Life of Samuel Pearce," "Memoirs of
Mrs. Ann Hasseltine Judson," by J. I). Knowles;
Memoir of Dr. Judson," by Francis Way land ;
"Memoir of Dr. Wayland," by F. and II. L. Way-
land: a "Biographical Sketch of Sir Henry Have-
lock," by William Brock; "Life of Mrs. Lydia
Malcom." by II. Malcoin ; "Life of Jesse Mercer,"
by C. D. Mallary; "Life of Luther Rice," by
James B.Taylor; "Life and Times of James B.
Taylor," by George B. Taylor; "Life and Writings
of Robert Robinson," by George Dyer; "Life of
Joseph Stennett," by D. Turner; " Memoirs of Mrs.
Theodosia Dean. 1 by Pharcellus Church; " Life of
Rev. Duncan Dunbar," by Jeremiah Chaplin ; " Life
of William Knibb," by J. Howard Hinton; "Life
of Rev. Thomas Burchell," by W. F. Burchcll :
" Life of Dr. Eugenio Kincaid," by Alfred Patton ;
"Life of Joseph Ivimey," bv George Pritchard;
" Life of Dr. Richard Fuller," by J. II. Cuthbert;
" Life of Mrs. Shuck," " Life of Andrew Broaddns,"
and "Life of Daniel Witt," by J. B. Jeter; " Life
of John Thomas," by C. B. Lewis, the first Baptist
who preached the gospel in India; "The Life of
John Bates," by Justin A. Smith; "Memoir of
Andrew Fuller," by A. G. Fuller; "Memoir of
Dr. William Stoughton," by S. W. Lynd ; " Life
and Correspondence of John Foster," by J. E.
Ryland ; Lives of Carey, Marshman, and Ward, by
J. C. Marshman; "Life of John P. Cro/er," by
J. Wheaton Smith ; " Life of Dr. Joseph II. Ken-
nard," by J. Spencer Kennard ; " Life of Spencer
II. Cone, I >.!>.," by Edward and S. W. Cone ; " Au
tobiography of John Gano," " Memoir of Dr. Baron
Stow," by J. C. Stockbridge; "Life of Mrs. E. C.
Judson," by A. C. Kendrick ; "Memoir of Gov
ernor George X. Brings," by W. C. Richards;
" Life of John M. Peck, D.D.," by Rufus Bab-
cock ; "Life of William Colgate," by W. W. Ev
erts; " Life of Joseph G. Binney, D.D.," by Mrs.
J. G. Binney.
GENERAL LITERARY WORKS.
Ilanserd Knollys wrote a Hebrew, Latin, and
English grammar ; Dr. Carey a Mahratta grammar.
a Sanscrit grammar extending over a thousand
quarto pages, a Punjabi grammar, a Telinga gram
mar, and a Mahratta dictionary, a Bengali dic
tionary, and a Bhotanta and a Sanscrit dictionary.
Dr. Judson made a Burmese dictionary, and Dr.
Mason a Pali grammar. Dr. J. Wade was the au
thor of a Karen dictionary, and Dr. II. F. Buekner
prepared a grammar of the language of the; Creek
Indians. The " Essays" of John Foster are among
the finest productions in tlie literature of our
tongue. Sir James Mackintosh justly describes
their author as "one of the most profound and
eloquent writers that England has produced." Dr.
Gill s "Antiquity of the Hebrew Language, Let
ters, Vowel Points, and Accents" has been pro
perly represented " as a masterly effort of profound
research, which would have .shown Dr. Gill to be a
prodigy of learning, of reading, and of literature
had he never published a syllable on any other
subject." " Orators and Oratory" is one of several
able works from the pen of William Matthews.
LL.D. John M. Gregory, LL.D., wrote " A Hand
book of History." Dr. Mason wrote "Burmah.
its People and Natural Productions, or Notes on
the Natives, Fauna. Flora, and Minerals, <:. ;"
F. S. Dobbins, " False Gods:" James De Mille,
"The Dodge Club;" John Ash, LL.D.. "A Gram
mar and Dictionary of the English Language;"
Rev. F. Denison, the " History of the First Rhode
Island Cavalry," and the "History of the Third
Rhode Island Heavy Artillery ;" Col. C. II. Banes,
the " History of the Philadelphia Brigade;" Dr.
James T. Champlin, a " Text-Book of Intellectual
Philosophy." Prof. Cleveland Abbe for ten years
has been meteorologist of the bureau of the army
signal office, in which he compiles the published
weather probabilities, the storm signals, monthly
reviews, and international bulletin. He has made
numerous contributions to the Amcr u-aii Journal
of Science, Monthly Notices, Royal Astronomical
Society, the Smithsonian Annual Reports, and to
Appleton s and Johnson s Encyclopaedias. Rev.
John Howard Hinton wrote a " History of the
United States;" Lieut.-Gov. Arnold, a "History
LLTERA TURE
711
LITERATURE
of Rhode Island ; Dr. Joseph Angus, " The Hand
book of the English Tongue," " The Handbook of
English Literature," and " Specimens of English
Literature;" Dr. Ilackett translated Winer s
Chaldee Grammar and published his own exer
cises in Hebrew grammar ; Dr. Benjamin Davies
prepared a Student s Grammar" and a " Stu
dent s Lexicon" of the Hebrew language; Dr. T.
J. Conant translated Gesenius s Hebrew grammar,
which he enlarged and improved ; this work is now
the standard of the schools in America and Europe.
Joseph S. C. F. Frey was the author of a Hebrew
grammar, the ninth American edition of which
appeared in 1835 ; he also compiled a Hebrew lex
icon. Dr. Leechman wrote a work on logic. Prof.
Noah K. Davis has published The Theory of
Thought, a Treatise on Deductive Logic;" and
President I). J. Hill has issued The Elements of
Rhetoric" and Tlie Science of Rhetoric." Dr.
K. Brooks, in " Baptists and the National Centen
ary," says, Dr. William Stoughton prepared an
edition of Virgil, which bad extensive use in bis
day. Adoniram Judson published an English gram
mar before he turned his attention to the Christian
ministry. Dr. Francis Wayland was the author of
very popular treatises on moral science, intellectual
philosophy, and political economy. Dr. A. C. Ken-
<irick has published introductory text-books in
Greek and an edition of Xenophon s Anabasis ;
Dr. Ilackett, Plutarch on the Delay of the Deity
in Punishing the Guilty ; Dr. John L. Lincoln
edited Livy and Horace. Dr. J. R. Boise has
given to the public seven volumes of Greek text
books, and Dr. Albert Harkriess eight volumes of
Latin text-books and one of Greek. Dr. J. T.
Champlain has published a large number of school-
books, including treatises on ethics and intellec
tual philosophy, and editions of Demosthenes and
^Eschines. Dr. J. R. Loomis is the author of
treatises on geology, anatomy, and physiology.
Dr. S. S. Greene has published a series of English
grammars; Prof. S. P. San ford, a series of arith
metics ; Prof. J. F. Stoddard, a series of arithmetics
and algebras ; and Dr. Edward Olney, a series of
mathematical text-books, covering the whole ground
of school and college study. Dr. J. II. Hanson has
edited two volumes of the Latin authors usually
read in preparation for college. Dr. G. W. San-
som is the author of a volume on art criticism :
Dr. S. II. Carpenter, of an Anglo-Saxon grammar:
and Prof. James G. Clark, of a treatise on the
Differential and Integral Calculus; Dr. A. A.
Gould was associated with Agassiz in preparing a
treatise on geology;" and Prof. S. M. Shute, D.D.,
"A Manual of Anglo-Saxon, comprising a Gram
mar, Reader, and Glossary."
The amount of secular literature coming from
the intellect and the learning of Baptists is im
mense. They have written a multitude of books,
and control many influential secular newspapers.
POETICAL WORKS.
" Paradise Lost," by John Milton ; Miss Ann
Steele s Hymns and Poems" were published in
three volumes in 1780. Dr. John Fawcett was the
author of 156 hymns which were printed in 1782.
Benjamin Beddome wrote many precious hymns :
Benjamin Wallen, a book of hymns, published in
1750; Samuel Medley, a work with 232 hymns;
John Fellows, a book with 55 hymns. Turner s
" Divine Songs, Hymns, and Other Poems" were
published in 1748. Joseph Swain wrote 129 hymns,
which were issued in 17 ( J2. Samuel Stcnnctt fur
nished 40 hymns to Dr. Rippon in 1787 for his
" Selection." Edward Mote published a " Selection"
of hymns in 171*7, 108 of which were written by
himself; and Dr. Edmund Turney wrote " Baptis
mal Harmonies," containing 36 hymns and chants ;
Richard Furman was the author of " Pleasures of
Piety, and Other Poems ;" but no considerable part
of our poetical treasures can be recorded in this
article; with Dr. S. F. Smith, lion. Charles Thurber,
Prof. J. II. Gilmore, Dr. Robert Lowry, Dr. Sidney
Dyer, and others among the living, and Milton and
a large number among the dead, we have great
reason to bless God for our gifts. (See article on
HYMNS AND THEIR AUTHORS.)
SUNDAY-SCHOOL LITERATURE.
The American Baptist Publication Society has
1326 works on its list, of which 444 are for Sun
day-school libraries. These were written with
great care and ability. Many others have been
issued by private publishers in different sections of
our country. In foreign lands Baptists are equally
interested in providing religious books for the
young, and the efforts which they have used for
this object have been attended with great success.
In periodicals for the religious instruction of the
young the Baptists have shown great enterprise.
The Young Reaper is probably the most popular
paper in existence ; its pages are eagerly read by
hundreds of thousands. Our Young People, in
tended for the period between childhood and adult
years, is edited with great ability, and has a large
circulation. The Baptist Publication Society lias a
list of periodicals, only two of which we have named,
whose pages show remarkable adaptation to the vari
ous stages of childhood and youth for which they
are intended. The Teacher, designed to benefit the
young through their instructors, is one of the best
Sunday-school papers in existence. Kind Words,
issued by the Southern Baptist Convention, is a
great blessing to throngs of the young. Baptists
of all nationalities have numbers of religious papers
for the enlightenment of the rising generation.
LITERATURE
712
LITERATURE
AMERICAN PERIODICALS.
NAME.
Advanced Bible Lesson Quarterly
EDITOR.
Dr. ( . II. Blackall
E T Winkler 1) 1)
IssrKi). WHERE Prm.isiiEn.
Quarterly Philadelphia, Pa.
Weekly < Marion, Ala.
1) B Kay 1> D
" .. St. Louis, Mo.
A. C. Caperton, D.I) Monthly Louisville, Ky.
Rev J. G. Walker j Yearly I hiladelphia, Pa.
.) 11 Graves, LI,. 1) Weekly Memphis, Tenn.
Bapti.-t Ha liner
Cuniming, Ga.
Benton, 111.
Monthly Albany, Oregon.
Weekly Greenville, .<. C.
Monthly , Philadelphia, Pa.
! Dallas. Texas.
; Boston, Mass.
" Marion. Ala.
Weekly Clinton. Miss.
" Nashville, Teun.
Quarterly Cincinnati, O.
Monthly ! Jackson, Miss.
: Philadelphia, Pa.
Weekly [ New York, N. Y.
Kalt-igh, X. C.
Monthly Philadelphia, Pa.
Weekly Toronto, Ontario.
Monthly
Weekly St. Louis, Mo.
Rev. W. P. Throgmorton
Kev. W. .1. Crawford
Rev. A. W. Lamar
.1. Eugene Iteed
Rev. A. H. Griggs
S F. Smith, D.D
W. H. McAlpine
Kev. J. B. Gamlirell
I B Chevis
Baptist Beacon, Tile
Baptist Courier, The
M t 1 1 Tl"
liaptist Missionary Maga/ine
liaptist I ioneer, The
liaptist Record, The
liaptist Ketlector, The
liaptist Review, The
liaptist (Signal
liaptist Teacher
liaptist \Veeklv, The
liil.lical Recorder
liilile l.ess.n Monthly
Canadian liaptist, The
Canadian Missionary Link
J. K. Bauines, D.D
J. J. Spelman
l>. S. Henson, D.D
A. S.Patton, D.D
Kev. C. T. Bailey !
Rev. J. W. Willmarth
Win. Muir
Mrs. H. J. Rose
Children s Picture Lesson
Mrs. M. G. Kennedy
H. E. Buchan, M.D
H. H. Tucker, D.D., M,.D
H Seldon
Monthly I hiladelphia, Pa.
" Toronto, Ontario.
Weekly Atlanta, Ga.
j Halifax, Nova Scotia.
. Gainesville, Ga.
Monthly ! St. Louis, Mo.
Weekly Hartford, Conn.
Christian Index, The
Christian Monitor, The
Cliiistiaii Repository
. Christian Secretary
Christian Visitor
Dor Muntere Saeman (German)
Der Sendliote (German)
Dr. D. M. Breaker
S. H. Ford, LL.D
S. D. Phelps, D.I)
Rev. .1. E. Hopper
Kev. J. C. Haselhuhn
Rev. J. C. Ilaselhnlin
Kev J C Haselhnhn
St. John, New Brunswick.
: Cleveland, 0.
Monthly
Rev. J. C. Haselhuhn
Kev J T Prior
Weekly San Francisco, Cal.
B. R. Womask
Little Rock and Dardanelle.
J. B. Searcy
Prof. J. A. Kdgren
E Biji ht 1) D
Monthly Chicago, 111.
Weekly. N ew York, N. \.
Monthly Richmond, Va.
Weekly. Augusta, Ga.
Monthly Boston, Mass.
Examiner and Chronicle, The
II. A. Tupper, D.D
Kev. Win. J. White
Georgia Baptist, The
Herald of Truth
G. S. Abbott, D.D
Mrs M. (J. Kennedy
G. W. Lasher, D.D
Rev. S. Bovkin
Semi-monthly Oakland. Cal.
Quarterly Philadelphia, Pa.
Semi-monthly Cincinnati, 0.
Intermediate Lesson Quarterly
Kind Words
Weekly : Macon, Ga.
" Granby, Quebec.
T. Amyrauld
Michigan Christian Herald
Kev. L. H. Trowbridge
C C Dickinson
Semi-monthly Memphis, Tenn.
Weekly Philadelphia, 1 a.
National liaptist, The
National Monitor, The
H. L. Wayland, D.I)
Rev K L Perry
Semi-monthly Brooklyn, N. Y.
IMonthlv.... .. Albany, Ga.
New Jersey Baptist, The
I .lni W Mnoilv " Trenton, N. . I.
joiin . luoouj
Our Little Ones
Our Young People
Picture Lesson Cards
Dr. C. K. Blackall Weekly Philadelphia, Pa.
A. J. Rowland, D.D ! Monthly
Mrs. M. G. Kennedy Weekly j
A. E. Dickinson, D.D ; Richmond, Ya.
Prof. H. H. Harris, D.D j
J A Smith, D.D " Chicago, 111
Texas Baptist, The
Texas Baptist Herald
Vermont Baptist, The
Watchman, The
Watch Tower, The
Western Recorder
Young Reaper
Y \Vawr (Welsh)
/.ion s Advocate
i Rev. K. C. Buckner
J. B. Link, D.D
Kev. J. K. Richardson
[ Lucius E. Smith, D.D
J. W. Olmstead, D.I)
A. C. Caperton, D.D
B Griffith, D.D
0. Griffith
Rev. II. S. Burrage
Dallas, Texas.
Houston, Texas.
Monthly Rutland, Yt.
Weekly Boston, Mass
New York, N. Y.
" Louisville, Ky.
Semi-monthly Philadelphia, I a.
Monthly Utica.N Y.
Weekly Portland, Me.
BRITISH PERIODICALS.
The Baptist Handbook, yearly ; The Baptist Al
manac, yearly ; The Baptist Year- Book and Alma
nac, yearly ; The General Baptist Almanac., yearly ;
Spurgcon s Illustrated Almanac, yearly ; The Quar
ter!;/ Reporter of the German Baptist Mission, quar
terly ; Baptist Magazine, monthly ; Baptist Mes
senger, monthly ; The Church, monthly ; General
Baptist Magazine, monthly ; Earthen Vessel,
monthly , Gospel Herald and Voice of Truth,
monthly ; Missionary Herald, monthly ; Juvenile
Missionary Herald, monthly ; Sword and Trowel,
monthly ; The Irish Baptist Magazine, monthly
The Freeman, weekly ; The Baptist, weekly.
WELSH.
The Welsh Baptist Handbook, yearly ; Y Great
( The Magazine], monthly ; Yr Athraw ( The Teacher],
monthly; Cydymaith YPlentyn (Child s. Com-
panion], monthly ; Seren Cymru (Star of Wales)
weekly.
SCOTLAND.
The Scottish Baptist Magazine, monthly.
LITTLK FIELD
713
LOFTON
Littlefield, Gov. Alfred Henry, was born in
Scituate, R. I., April 2, 1829. Several of his an
cestors occupied prominent positions in the admin
istration of the civil aflairs of Rhode Island. He
was one of a family of eleven children. In the
spring of 1851 he entered into partnership with his
brother. The business of the firm was so success
ful that it has become one of the most prominent
in the State. Gov. Littlefield had an appointment
in the civil war as brigade quartermaster on the
staff of Brig.-Gen. 0. Arnold, and in various ways
rendered efficient aid to the government, and ex
tended his sympathy and pecuniary help to the
families of the soldiers. He has filled, and con
tinues to fill, important positions in different cor
porations in Pawtucket, R. I. He has represented
the town of Lincoln in both branches of the Gen
eral Assembly. He was chosen governor in 1880.
Gov. Littlefield is an habitual attendant on the
ministry of Rev. George Bullen, pastor of the
First Baptist church in Pawtucket, of which his
wift; is a member.
Lloyd, Rev. W. B., the oldest Baptist minister
in Mississippi, was born in Georgia in ISO! ; be
came a Baptist in 1825, and at once begun to
preach ; was ordained the following year. He set
tled in Noxubc Co.. Miss., in 1830, where he en
gaged actively in the ministry. He was an able
preacher and a successful revivalist, having bap
tized about 3000 persons during the fifty-five years
of his ministry.
Lloyd, Rev. W. S., was born in Hyde Co., N. C.,
Feb. 27, 1811 ; ordained in South Carolina in 1835 ;
educated in Furman University, in both the literary
and theological courses. A fter a useful ministry
often years in that State, he settled in Macon Co.,
Ala., in 1845, where he remained until his death.
Soon attracting general attention, he became one of
the most popular and useful, as he was one of the
most gifted ministers in the State. A striking
form, excellent social qualities, with the spirit of a
Christian, he made friends of all with whom he
came in contact. His churches were among a
wealthy and highly-cultivated people. He fell
dead in the pulpit in the midst of one of his elo
quent sermons, at Mount Meigs, Ala., at eleven
o clock on Sabbath, March 12, 1854. Rev. W. E.
Lloyd, of Auburn, one of the best preachers in
Alabama, is his son, possessing many of the striking
and noble traits of his brilliant father.
Locke, Rev. Jacob, an able and useful preacher
of the Old Green River Association in Kentucky,
was born in Berkeley Co., Va., about 1768. He re
moved to Mercer Co., Ky., in 1789, and subse
quently to Barren County of that State about 1799.
Here he was ordained to the ministry in 1801, and
became pastor of the Mount Tabor Baptist church
in 1803, besides supplying several other churches.
46
i Mr. Locke was a man of wisdom, piety, and zeal.
He was the leading man in planting and establish
ing the young churches and guiding their associa-
tional councils. He was moderator of Green River
Association for more than twenty years, and then
of Liberty Association from its constitution until
his death, which occurred Jan. 18, 1845.
Lofton, George Augustus, D.D., pastor of the
Third Baptist church, St. Louis, Mo., was born
Dec. 25, 18.39, in Penola Co., Miss. He finished
his education in 1859-00 at Mercer University.
It was his purpose to enter the Methodist min
istry, but in 1859, from the study of the Greek
New Testament, he was convinced of the Scrip-
turalness of Baptist views, and was immersed into
GEORGE AUGUSTUS LOFTON", D.D.
the fellowship of the Second Baptist church, At
lanta, Ga. In 1861 he entered the service of the
Confederacy, and continued through the war as an
officer of artillery. He entered the Baptist minis
try at Americus, Ga., in 1868 ; and since that time
Dr. Lofton has served as pastor, principally, the
Baptist church at Dalton, Ga., the First Baptist
church at Memphis, Term., and the Third Baptist
church at St. Louis, Mo. These churches have all
flourished under his care, numerically, spiritually,
financially, and socially. He has baptized some
600 converts in his churches ; and he is regarded
as a devoted, able, and successful pastor, a sound
and practical preacher, an indefatigable worker, a
friend to the poor, a popular speaker. Besides
many articles and sermons for the periodical press,
he has written and published some bound volumes,
LONG
714
LOO MIS
which have received favorable criticism, and which
indicate culture and originality. lie is in the
prime of life, and has the promise of many years
of usefulness. Jle and his present charge are in
close bonds of sympathy, and are co-operating most
successfully in religious work of all kinds in St.
Louis, in the State, and in the regions beyond.
Thoroughly evangelical, Dr. Lofton leads any
church he serves as pastor in the most efficient
methods of work, and into the widest fields of use
fulness. He served faithfully and suffered greatly
through the yellow fever scourge of 1873 in Mem
phis ; and in 1875 he led his brethren in the cen
tennial effort to endow the Southwestern Baptist
University at Jackson, Tenn. He was also presi
dent for two years of the Southern Baptist Pub
lication Society, located at Memphis. J)r. Lofton
is especially prominent and well known in the
South, and he is rapidly acquiring a national repu
tation.
Long, Rev. F. M., traces his ancestry to the
"Mayflower" and Plymouth Rock. He was born
Sept. 30. 1839, in East Tennessee, where he was
converted, lie was baptized in Macoupin Co., 111.,
licensed in 1864, ordained in 1865 by the Honey
Creek church, and preached with great success for
ten years in Madison, Bond, and Montgomery
Counties, 111. In 1874 he removed to Oregon, and
has since then been connected with the Oak Creek
church, giving occasional aid to the Providence,
North Palestine, and Lacreole churches. He is an
earnest, doctrinal extempore preacher, and is one
of the most logical reasoners in the Oregon pulpit.
He does not put himself forward, but when called
out carries all hearts with him. A diligent stu
dent and active pastor, he deserves the love of the
brethren and the churches, which he possesses to
an unusual degree.
Long, Prof. J. C., D.D., LL.D., was born in
Campbell Co., Va., Nov. 28, 1833; graduated at
Richmond College in June, 1856. The month fol
lowing his graduation he was appointed tutor in
the college, but resigned at the close of the first
session : was ordained in Grace Street church,
Richmond, Va., July 5, 1857. In the summer of
1857 he was elected teacher in the Florida State
Seminary, and held the position for one year in
connection with the pastorate of the Tallahassee
church. lie then became pastor of the Cumber
land Street church, Norfolk, Va., and remained
until 1801, when the relationship was broken up
by the war. From 1861-05 he resided in Gooch-
land Co., Va., and during part of the year 1863
was teacher of a school in Danville, Va. He sub
sequently became pastor of the Fine Creek and
Mount Tabor churches. From 1800-68 he was pas
tor of the Scottsville and Hardware churches in
Albemarle County. In 1868 he became pastor of
the church at Charlottesville, Va., where he re
mained until April, 1875, when he was elected
Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the Croxer
Theological Seminary. In this position he con
tinues to render valuable service to the cause of
ministerial education. He received the degree of
D.D. from Richmond College in 1872, and that of
LI,. I), from Baylor University in 1880.
Dr. Long is a man of ripe scholarship, unas
suming manners, and most genial social accom
plishments. His writings evince the results of
long-continued and patient research, and display
his marked ability to interpret the facts of history
in their relation to the church of Christ. His ser
mons are rich in the clear, simple, and devout ex
position of the Word of God.
Long, Nimrod, a banker, merchant, and manu
facturer, was born in Logan Co.. Ivy., July 31, 1814.
At the age of fourteen he w T ent to Russellville, the
seat of justice of his native county, and entered a
store as clerk. Three years afterwards he became
a partner in the house. In a short time the senior
partner died, and Mr. Long took his brother into
the partnership. They were very successful. After
some years Mr. N. Long withdrew from the busi
ness, and became a commission merchant, and
afterwards established the banking-house of N.
Long & Co., and in 1870 built the largest flouring-
mill in the State. This, like all his enterprises,
proved a success, and Mr. Long is now a wealthy
capitalist, lie became a member of the Baptist
church in Russellville in early life, and has used
his business talent and growing capital for the
cause of Christ with rare liberality. He was or
dained a deacon of his church in 1832, was made
its treasurer in 1838, and has for many years been
superintendent of the Sunday-school. He has been
the leading spirit in founding and endowing Bethel
College, one of the best and most flourishing insti
tutions of the West. After contributing largely to
the erection of its buildings, he endowed the chair
of English, known as the N. Long professorship.
In 1870 he conceived the idea of boarding students
at actual cost, and, to carry it out, caused the erec
tion of the N. Long Boarding Hall, capable of ac
commodating 100 students. He has also been a
liberal patron of Georgetown College and other in
stitutions of learning in his denomination.
Longley, Avard, M.P., was born in Wilmot,
Annapolis County, Nova Scotia ; is a member of the
Wilmot Baptist church ; represents the county of
Annapolis in the Parliament of Canada. Mr.
Longley has been much in political life; is a gov
ernor of Acadia College, a strong advocate for pro
hibition of all intoxicating liquors, and a friend of
all denominational enterprises.
Loomis, Rev. Ebenezer, was born in 1794;
baptized in 1809 ; preached first in Tolland Court-
LOO MIS
715
LOOMIS
House, Conn., in 1821 ; ordained in New London,
Conn. ; labored as pastor, exploring agent, and evan
gelist in Richfield, Otsego Co., N. Y. ; First New
ark, N. J. ; Hudson, N. Y. ; Springville, Boston,
and Evans, Western New York ; Detroit, China,
and Coldwater, Mich. ; Cincinnati, 0. ; North
Lyiue ; First Colchester, Brooklyn ; First North
Stonington, Preston, and Killingly, Conn. ; Fre-
donia, N. Y. ; finally Bradford Co., Pa.; gifted,
scholarly, amiable, devoted ; gave thousands of
dollars to churches, to Connecticut Literary Insti
tution, and to the missionary press in Burmah ;
always traveled on foot ; died in Bradford Co., Pa.,
in 1872, in his seventy-ninth year.
Loomis, Prof. Freeman, was bom in Water-
ville, Me., May 21, 1844. His studies preparatory
to admission to college were pursued mostly at the
academy connected with the university at Lewis-
Inirg, and he was admitted to Freshman standing
iu June, 1862. He graduated in 1866, taking
the second honors of his class. He passed at
once to theological studies, the course in that de
partment then occupying two years. Having
finished his theological course, he was temporarily
appointed to the principalship of the academy in
the spring of 1867. At the commencement in
June the board of trustees elected him principal,
which position he held for two years. In 1869 the
preparatory department became distinct from the
academy, and he was placed at the head of it. In
1879 the preparatory department again became a
part of the academy, and Prof. Loomis resigned
his connection with it. In 1870 he obtained leave
of absence, and occupied himself for two years in
the study of French and German in Berlin and
Paris. During his absence, in 1871, the trustees
appointed him to the chair of Modern Languages
in the university. This position he held in con
nection with that of head of the preparatory course
till his resignation of the latter in 1S79. Since
that time he has held only the professorship of
Modern Languages. In this department his in
struction is faithfully given, and he is deservedly
popular with his classes.
Loomis, Rev. Hubbell, died Dec. 15, 1872. in
his ninety-eighth year, at Upper Alton, 111. He
was an example alike of the physical vigor and of
the intellectual and spiritual robustness of the New
England stock. He was born at Colchester, Conn.,
May 31, 1775. As his father, a descendant of Jo
seph Loomis, who emigrated from England to this
country in 1638, was in moderate circumstances,
he was thrown chiefly upon his own resources in
procuring his education, graduating at Union Col
lege, Schenectady, N. Y., in 1799. Having studied
theology under Rev. Joel Benedict, of Plainfield,
Conn., he was licensed as a Congregationalist min
ister in 1801. His first pastorate was at Willing-
ton, Conn., where he continued twenty-four years,
uniting with his pastoral duties the work of a
teacher, one of his pupils being Jared Sparks,
afterwards so eminent as president of Harvard
College and author of ; The Life of Washington,"
and other valuable works. In the later years of
this pastorate, as a result of earnest study of the
Scriptures with reference to questions of denom
inational difference, he became a Baptist, and
united with the Baptist church of Willington ;
this event, of course, dissolving his connection
with the church he had served so long, and neces
sitating great self-denial in other respects.
In 1829, Mr. Loomis removed to Illinois. After
some months spent in Kaskaskia and Edwards-
ville, he settled in Upper Alton, and then founded
the seminary which in 1835 became incorporated
as Shurtleff College. His name stands first on
the list in the college charter of incorporation. He
was a liberal donor to the college, and to the end
of his life its earnest friend, while in the various
exigencies of its history his counsel was often
sought. He was remarkable for conscientiousness ;
an ardent advocate of human rights, and a warm
friend of moral reforms. One of his sons, Prof.
Elias Loomis, of Yale College, ranks with the emi
nent men of science in this country, while others
of his children have filled stations of great useful
ness, one daughter, Sophia, having been the wife
of Hon. Cyrus Edwards, another, Caroline, was
married to Prof. Newman, of Shurtleff College,
who died in 1844; a son, David B., residing in
Minnesota, has filled several terms as a member
of the Legislature of that State; while another,
John Calvin, was at one time Professor of Lan
guages in the Alabama University.
Loomis, Justin R., D.D., LL.D., was born in
Bennington, Vt.. Aug. 21, 1810. At the age of
seventeen he went, to Hamilton Literary Institu
tion, and at a subsequent date he entered Brown
University, and graduated with marked honor in
1835. Shortly after his graduation he was elected
professor in Waterville College, now Colby Uni
versity.
Determined to thoroughly inform himself in the
field of his chosen studies, he visited South Amer
ica, where he spent a profitable year in scientific
explorations through Bolivia, Peru, and Chili.
Thus prepared for more efficient service, he was
elected Professor of Natural Science in the uni
versity at Lewisburg, Pa., and in 1858 succeeded
to the presidency. This office he held with sin
gular ability for twenty years, retiring from it in
January, 1879.
His consistent and blameless life, his many acts
of benevolence, his indomitable will, combined
with practical good sense, his warm interest in the
welfare of the university, and especially in the
LOUD
16
LORD S SUPPER
students, his influence in shaping the character of
the town, and in, making the Baptist church edi
fice, which was mainly erected by his own exer
tions, among the best in the State, have left a stamp
of permanent value upon the history of the uni
versity.
As an author, he has prepared various standard
JUSTIN It. LOOM IS. LL.D.
works: Principles of Geology," " Physiology,"
and "Anatomy," are works of great value, while
various essays, lectures, pamphlets, and sermons
attest the possession of talents of a high order.
While he could lay no high claim to oratorial
power as a public speaker, yet his presence and
counsel at the meetings of the Associations and
other bodies were always welcome, and were much
desired.
His son, Freeman Loomis, is a professor in the
university at Lewisburg. *
Lord, Edward C., D.D., was born at Carlisle,
N. Y., Jan. 22, 1817, and was a graduate of Mad
ison University. He was ordained at Preston Hol
low, N. Y., Aug. 27, 1846, having previously re
ceived an appointment as a missionary to China.
He reached Ningpo June 20, 1847, and was con
nected with Dr. Macgowan in the care of that
station. Having acquired the language, he was
able to preach to the natives and hold conversation
with them on religious subjects. The health of
Mrs. Lord made it necessary for him to return to
the United States, which he reached at the close of
1851. liemaining here a little less than two years,
he returned to Ningpo. Arriving there June 1,
1854, he commenced again his missionary labors,
taking, as far as possible, the place of the lamented
Goddard, and having Mr. Knowlton as a co-worker
with him. While occupied with these evangelical
labors. Mr. Lord performed some work in his studv.
Writing to the Executive Committee, in I860, he-
says, My notes on the Epistles to the Hebrews
and llomanshave been completed, and considerable
other labor of a similar kind has been performed."
And the next year he writes. " My notes on the
First Epistle to the Corinthians have been com
pleted and put to press. My notes on pjphesians
have been carefully revised, and those on Second
Corinthians are in course of preparation. In 1863
he writes, "At Xingpo, in my own neighborhood,
1 have plenty of work, and 1 am thankful to say
there is much encouragement. At the communion
season, about three months ago, I baptized five per
sons, three men and two women, arid 1 have at
present several applicants." The connection of
Mr. Lord with the Missionary Union closed in July.
1864. He was in the diplomatic service of the
United States in China, and performing more or
less of missionary service for several years. His
formal connection with the Missionary Union has
been resumed. He has had charge of two chapels
in Ningpo, being aided in his work by three native
preachers.
Lord s Supper, The. The Lord s Supper, in its
form, must be bread and wine ; for Matthew says
that Jesus took bread and blessed it, and brake it
and gave it to the disciples and said, " Take, eat -.
this is my body. And he took the cup, and gave
thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all
of it." Matt. xxvi. 28. The retention of the cup
from the laity in the Church of Home, deprives her
Eucharist of every divine sanction, and reduces it
to a mere human invention.
The Supper is a memorial or remembrancer of a
slain and absent Saviour. His wounds and death
are shown by the broken bread and the flowing
cup. His bodily absence is proved by the object
of the Sacrament. Speaking of the bread Jesus
says, " This is my body which is given for you \
this do in remembrance of me. 1 Luke xxiv. 19.
We can only remember absent persons. So that
the purpose of the Eucharist as a remembrancer
makes it certain that Christ s body is not in it.
And Paul teaches the same truth when he writes,
"For as often as ye eat this bread and drink this
cup, ye do show the Lord s death till He come." 1
Cor. xi. 26. In body, he is not in the Supper, for
it is intended to be observed till Jesus, whom " tin-
heaven must receive until the times of restitution
of all things (Acts iii. 21) shall come in the glories-
of his final advent. His humanity is now at the
right hand of God. His Deity is everywhere, but
peculiarly near the devout worshiper. The transub-
LORD S SUPPER
717
LOItLVKR
stantiation* of Rome, and the consubstantiationf
of Luther are. therefore, without foundation either
in Scripture or in fact.
The sole direct teaching of the Supper is : The
aijoiuj of Jesus the sustenance of redeemed men.
Strange that //read should be the figure to represent
the body of Christ. Why not his image in gold or
silver? His statue in marble or wood ? His pic
ture on canvas? Then each wound might have
been seen, and every writhe of anguish. But no,
broad, the food of the world, and wine, the beverage
of many nations, are chosen to exhibit the wounded
body of Jesus. Food and drink, the support of all
human life, constitute the monument erected by
Jesus for himself. the food, broken bread, to re
mind us of his torn body the cup, wine, to repre
sent the purple current drawn from his veins. And
these emblems are not to be viewed, si>n/i/y. in sol
emn sadness, nor even in joyful faith, we are to
partake of them. Thus teaching that as food and
drink sustain men, without which their bodies must
perish, so the sufferings of Jesus are the bread and
the bevera/jc of the soul. And as it would be mad
ness to try to support flesh and blood on anything
but food and drink, so it is insanity to look any
where but to Christ s woes for the nourishment of
the undying spirit. And the true disciple, by a
hungering faith, ought to make these sorrows bread
for his soul ; while by a thirsting frame of spirit
he ought to drink at these crimson streams of divine
torture. And as we need bread and drink all the
time, the choice of these emblems by the Saviour
proclaims to us that his wounds and death are a
-constant supply for the necessities of a soul per
petually in want. What other doctrines could be
designed by such emblems ? Beyond all doubt God
speaks to us through them, and says, Like the
body needing bread several times ever;/ day, so your
souls require atoning blood each instant, and like
the food of mankind there is an everlasting supply
for all the weaknesses and criminal experiences
that mark each footprint of your earthly journey,
to which you are as welcome every moment as to
the food that covers your own tables, or the fruits
that wave in golden beauty on your own abundant
harvest-fields. " He that spared not his own Son
but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not
with him also freely <jive us all things? Mom.
viii. 33. By one offering he huth perfected forever
iill them that are sanctified." Hcb. x. 14. I give
* The Council of Trent decrees, "If any man shall deny, that in
Hie sacrament of the most holy Eucharist, there is contained really,
tmly, and substantially, the body and blood, together n ith the soul mid
iliriiiitii of our Lord .Jesus Christ, and so whole Christ, but shall say
i>c is only in it in sign, or figure, or power, let him be accursed."
Do Kucharis, Can. i. Less. xiii. p. 0:i. Canones et Decreta Concilii
Tiid. Lipsise, ISlili.
t The body and blood of Christ truly present in the Supper.
Augsburg Confession, Article x.
unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish,
neither shall any pluck them out of my hand. 7 -
John x. 128. Thank God for the Lord s Supper!
The Supper has no commission to teach us charity
for each other. Examine the descriptions given of it
in Matt. xxvi. 2(>-2S, in Mark xiv. 1212-2:!. in Luke
xxii. 19, 21*. in 1 Cor. xi. 20-29, and allusions made to
it elsewhere, and in ecery instance it is a memorial
of the Saviour s wounds and blood, a picture of
Christ s only food for perishing souls, and in each
case destitute of any other allusion. Many Chris
tians turn it into a feast of charity for members of
their own and of other sects, and speak with un
loving harshness of tlrose who observe it solelv as a
remembrancer of a Saviour in the throes of death.
Charity in its own place is a truly blessed grace ;
he is not Christ s who has not a goodly measure
of it ; it is the chain whose golden links bind to
gether the whole heavenly throng, from the Mighty
One wielding the sword of Omnipotence to the low
liest shining spirit. From the depths of our hearts,
enthusiasm surges up in a mighty current around
charity, the darling of heaven, the element of
which God himself is composed. But we have a
fervent love for the truth of God, for that whole
body of revelation, one fragment of which exceeds
in worth the riches of time, and all the material
splendors of the universe. And as the Lord s
Supper, according to Jesus, has nothing to do with
charity, as it is a MONUMENT upon which is sculp
tured the ANGUISH OK JESUS, THE FOOD AND DRINK
OF THE SOUL, and a monument from which the most
dazzling glories in the universe shine forth, and
around which the most thrilling melodies of
heavenly harmony shall ever float, why obliterate
its dit inely appointed inscription to trace upon it
any other writing, even though you inscribe upon
it man s love to his fellow, where Christ s love in
lines of Idood was once read ? Surely this is an im
pious act in any one, and peculiarly so in the ad
herents of that Protestantism which boasts that the
"Bible and the Bible alone \s Its religion." You
might with as much propriety assemble the pious
business people of several localities together on
New Year s day, who manifested the grace of
Christian integrity by paying their debts, and in
duce them to celebrate the Supper as an exhibition
of their uprightness and probity. And if it might
le said, the cross shows Christ s love for us in the
Supper, the example of which commands us to love
one another, it might with equal justice be affirmed,
the sufferings of Jesus seen in the Supper ax our
surety, show him as wonderfully honest in paying
our debts to the violated law, and following in his
footsteps, we should refuse all gains not righteously
secured.
Lorimer, George C., D.D., was born near Edin
burgh, Scotland, in 1S38, and in that city he spent
LO RIMER
718
LOUISIANA
the early part of his life. For a short time lie fol
lowed the sea. then for a brief period he had some
business connection with a theatre, and occasionally
performed some parts, butGod had something higher
<;KOK(JE C. I.OR1MER, D.I).
and better for him than the stage, lie came to the
United States when he was about eighteen years
of age. and having been providentially led to the
city of Louisville, Ky., he was brought under the
influence of the preaching of the pastor of the
Walnut Street Baptist church. That preaching
was blessed to him, and he became a hopeful Chris
tian. The whole purpose of his life was at once
changed. He entered upon a course of study in
Georgetown College, Ivy., preparatory to the Chris
tian ministry, and in 18.VJ was ordained pastor of
the church at Harrodsburg, Ky. He remained
there until called to Paducah, Ky., and from there
to Louisville, where he was a pastor for eight years.
The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred
upon him by Bethel College while he was in
Louisville. From Louisville he was called to Al
bany. N. Y., where he remained two years, and
then accepted an invitation to the Shawmut Avenue
church, Boston. While in the midst of a success
ful ministry with this church, the attention of the
Tremont Temple church was directed to him, and
he was urged to occupy that central and important
position, in which, for several years, his labors have
been so much blessed. About eighteen months
ago he took charge of the First church, Chicago.
Dr. Lorimer is in the prime of his life, and, it is to
be hoped, of his usefulness. His ministry is a
popular one, in the best sense of the word. He be
lieves in a genial religion, and seeks to draw inert
to Christ by the sweet words of a Saviours love.
His preaching has been blessed to the building
up of a large church and congregation in Boston ;
and it lias been equally efi ective in his present
charge.
He has just sundered his happy relations with
the First church to minister to a new community
occupying the field vacated by the Michigan Avenue
Baptist church.
Lothrop, Rev. J. Grafton, was a brilliant young
minister in Eastern Louisiana, who died, very much
regretted, at Greensburg, La., June 10, 1868. He
began to preach in JSfil.
Louisiana, one of the Gulf States, was long a
part of the territory of France, but was purchased
by the United States in 1803. It has about 20,000
white Baptists and about 30,000 colored.
The sentiments of the Baptists were first propa
gated in this State by preachers from the contigu
ous parts of Mississippi. Rev. Bailey E. Chancy
removed with his family into Eastern Louisiana,
then called West Florida, in 17U8, and settled with
a number of other South Carolinians not far from
Baton Rouge. He began to preach to his Ameri
can neighbors, but he was not long without moles
tation. He was arrested and imprisoned at Baton
Rouge by the Spanish authorities. But he pur
chased his liberty by promising to abstain from
preaching in the future, and subsequently re
turned to Mississippi.
Soon after the cession of the French portion of
the Territory, Joseph Willis, a mulatto, who was a
licensed Baptist preacher, and who had been a co-
laborer with Richard Curtis in Mississippi, boldly
crossed the Mississippi River, and in 1804 preached
at Yermillion and Plaquemine Brule. The follow
ing year he returned and settled on Bayou Chicot
in St. Landry Parish, where he began to preach,,
and in 1812, with assistance from Mississippi, or
ganized a church, of which he became pastor.
About the beginning of the present century a
number of young ministers crossed into West
Florida, at the peril of their liberty. By the
labors of these, two churches were gathered on
Pearl River, called Mount Nebo and Pcniel, which
were constituted in 1813.
Previous to 1806, Ezra Courtney, who had set
tled in Mississippi in 1802, made frequent visits
into the Felicianas and East Baton Rouge, and
about that time removed and settled near the pres
ent town of Clinton, and in 1814 Hepzibah church
was constituted. In 1819 West Florida was ceded
to the United States. Other ministers came into
this part of the State. Elisha Anders settled in
West Feliciana, Howell Wall and W. B. Wall in
St. Helena. As early as 1818 a small church was
LOUISIANA
719
LOUISVILLE
gathered in New Orleans, and enjoyed the labors
of Benjamin Davis.
West of the Mississippi Joseph Willis continued
for several years to labor alone, and organized
churches at Cheneyville, Vermillion, Plaquemine
Brule, and Hickory Flat. In 1816 he was joined
in this field by Ezekiel O Quinn and Isham Nettles.
On the 31st day of October, 1818, six churches met
by delegates at Cheneyville, and organized the Lou
isiana Baptist Association, of which Joseph Willis
was elected moderator. Other ministers were or
dained, and churches increased, mainly through
the zealous labors of Mr. Willis.
In 1822, Rev. Henry Humble settled on the
Ouachita River, in the parish of Catahoula, and in
1826 the First church in Catahoula was established.
Here, at a somewhat later day, labored Asa S. Mer
cer, John Hill, the Meridiths, Thomas and James,
and many churches were gathered in the Ouachita
region.
In 1820. Ili v. James Brinson, with a number of
other Baptists, settled at Pine Hills, not far from
the present town of Vienna, and organized a church
in 1821. Here they were joined by John Impson.
They extended their labors westward, and gathered
a church about four miles east of Mount Lebanon,
called Providence. It was afterwards removed to
Athens. Not far from the present town of Mindeu
they found a few Baptists, whom they gathered
into a church called Black Lake.
In 188" a colony, most of whom were Baptists,
removed from Soutli Carolina and settled at Mount
Lebanon, in Bienville Parish. In the company was
Henry Adams, a colored man, who was an ordained
Baptist preacher. A church was organized, and
Mr. Adams became pastor. He was a man of some
education, and was very much respected by the
community. This church became one of the most
active and influential in the State.
About the same time Elias George, Samuel J.
Larkin. and William B. Larkin begun to preach in
Union Parish, and many churches were gathered
in a few years.
In 1848, Rev. John Bryce, an eminent Baptist
minister, was sent to Shreveport as collector of
customs on imports from the republic of Texas.
While discharging the duties of his office he
preached in Shreveport and the surrounding coun
try. In 1845 a church was gathered in Shreve
port, and Mr. Bryce became pastor. His office of
collector of customs having expired by the annexa
tion of Texas, he continued to labor in this region
until 1850. He was joined in 1847 by A. W. Jack
son and Jesse Lee, two able ministers from Ala
bama, and on Dec. 21, 1849, the Grand Cane Asso
ciation was organized.
In the Sabine region the churches were princi
pally planted and consolidated by the labors of
Nathan II. Bray after 1847. There were a few
churches before this planted by Willis and his co-
laborers, but they were feeble and scattered. In
1848, Mr. Bray formed them into an Association
called Sabine.
The Bayou Macon region, between the Ouachita
and Mississippi Rivers, had but few Baptists pre
vious to 1850. Shortly after this J. P. Blake and
D. 1). Swindall began their labors there, and in
1855 organized the Bayou Macon Association.
Louisiana Baptist, a weekly newspaper, was
started at Mount Lebanon, La., in 1855, by Rev.
Hanson Lee, and conducted with such ability that
it ranked with the ablest religious journals of the
South. In 1862, Mr. Lee died, and the paper was
continued by W. F. Wells, with Dr. Courtney as
editor, and subsequently as part owner. At the
close of the war Rev. A. S. Worrell bought it, but
after a short connection, resold to W. F. Wells, and
Dr. Courtney became editor, with W. E. Paxton
associate. At the end of the year 186 .) Mr. Wells
sold his subscription to Rev. J. II. Graves of the
Mentpliis Baptist, and the Louisiana Baptist was
discontinued.
Louisiana Baptist Convention was organized
in 1848. Its leading objects were educational and
missionary. Under its fostering care Mount Leb
anon University came into existence! and other
schools were encouraged. Its missionaries have
penetrated into many destitute parts of the State,
and laid the foundation for numerous churches
now flourishing. AVith an active mission board,
inspired by Rev. W. C. Friley, the State evangel
ist, the work of the Convention has greatly pros
pered for the last two years. Its operations during
the past year secured about $6000.
President, Rev. J. P. Everett, Shiloh. La. ; Re
cording Secretary, Rev. G. W. Ilartsfield, Mans
field, La.
Louisiana, Baptist Messenger of, is a weekly
paper published at Farmerville, La., Rev. S. C.
Lee editor. It started in 1879 as a semi-weekly.
It began its second year as a weekly. It is well
conducted, and it is rapidly growing in public favor.
Louisville, Baptist Orphans Home of, was
established through the efforts of the ladies of
Walnut Street church, in Louisville, in 1866. The
building first occupied was a rented one. Soon
after the house was opened, however, Mrs. J. Law
rence Smith, a member of the Walnut Street
church, donated to the Orphans Home Society
S5000 in money and a lot of ground valued at
Si 5.000, provided a sufficient amount should be
raised to erect suitable buildings thereon. The
sum of $22, 000 was speedily secured, and in March,
1867, the ground was broken for the foundation.
The new home was dedicated Dec. 19, 1870. During
its existence 280 children have been received ; 171
LOUISVILLE
20
LOWRY
of these have been placed in good homes, 02 have
been legally adopted in Christian families, and 41
remain in the home. The object of the home is to
receive such orphans as cannot be well provided for
otherwise, and to educate and train them for useful
employments until such time as suitable homes can
be procured for them in private families, or until
they are able to take care of themselves. Under
the management of Miss Mary Hollingsworth, who
has been matron since its organization, the home
lias been very popular, and has been well sustained
by voluntary contributions.
Louisville, Walnut Street Baptist Church
of. The First Baptist church in Louisville was
organized by Rev. Heuson llobbs in 1815, and con
sisted of 14 members. In 1839 the church num
bered 539. Eighteen withdrew and formed the
Second Baptist church. In 1849, when both
churches were without pastors, they invited Rev.
Thomas Smith, who accepted both calls on con
dition that the churches would unite and build a
good house in an eligible locality. On Oct. 29.
1849. both churches dissolved and formed the Wal
nut Street Baptist church, and the present mag
nificent house was erected the following year on
the corner of Fourth and Walnut Streets. The
first public meeting held in the finished house was
the funeral of the pastor. The edifice cost 105,000.
Since its erection it has been altered at considerable
expense several times. At one time $20,OUO was
expended upon it. Its seating capacity is 1300. It
is the mother of the other Baptist churches of
Louisville. a goodly family.
Lovelace, Rev. Colmore, was born in Mary
land, Nov. 26, 1795. At five years of age his
parents removed to Kentucky. At the age of four
teen he united with Mount Moriah Baptist church,
in Nelson County, lie was licensed to preach at
Severn s Valley church, in Hardin County, in 1822,
and ordained in 1823. He was pastor of several
churches in Salem Association, and devoted much
time to the work of a missionary. He was distin
guished for his piety, zeal, and philanthropy. Few
men were more devotedly loved or more extensively
blessed. lie baptized more than 1200 persons, lie
died in Ilardin Co., Ky., March 10, 1864.
Lovell, Rev. Andrew Sprague, son of Stephen
and Rhoda (French) Lovell, was born in Braintree,
Mass., in September, 1807; converted in 1825;
studied at Maine Wesleyan Seminary, Kent s Hill,
Readfield, Me., at Connecticut Literary Institution,
Suffield, Conn., and at Newton Theological Semi
nary, Mass. ; chosen associate principal of the
Connecticut Literary Institution in 1837 ; principal
of the city high school in Middletown, Conn., for
two years ; for a time the editor of The JEyis, pub
lished in Worcester, Mass. : in 1847 became pastor
of the Baptist church in Mansfield. Conn. : ordained
in 1848; in 1853 accepted a call to Bloomfield,
Conn. ; in 1857 settled with the Baptist church in
East Longmeadow, Mass. ; during the war was an
agent for the Christian Commission at Newbern,
N. C. ; in 18G8 settled with the Baptist church in
Tariffville, Conn. ; now living in Andover, Conn. ;
very scholarly, calm, penetrating, thorough in
thought, elegant in style, eminently sound in the
faith; mightier with his pen than with his voice:
a poet of unusually delicate taste ; a man of great
purity and integrity.
Lovell, Rev. N. G., was born in Rowley, now
Georgetown, Mass., in 1806. He graduated at
Brown University in 1833, and in the following
October entered Newton Theological Institution.
He was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in
Princeton, Mass., in July, 1834. His subsequent
settlements were at Amhcrst, Bellingham, and
North Attleborough. Seventeen years of his life
were thus devoted to the ministry. His labors
were blessed in all his pastorates, especially in that
of Bellingham, where there was an interesting re
vival of religion, followed by large additions to his
church. lie died at Valley Falls, II. I., Nov. 15,
1851.
Lowry, Gen. M. P., president of Blue Moun
tain College, Miss., ten years president of Missis-
GEN. M. V. I.OVVRY.
sippi Baptist Convention, distinguished as an edu
cator, preacher, editor, and as a brigadier-general
in the Confederate army, was born in Tennessee in
1828. He began to preach in Mississippi in 1852 ;
supplied the churches at Farmington, Corinth,
WALNUT STREET BA PTIST CHURCH, LOUISVILLE, KV.
LOW H Y
LOXLKY
Itien/i. Ivipley, and other places; in istjl entered
tlie Confederate service as a captain, was elected
colonel, and for gallant conduct was made brigadier-
general, and although lie refused further promotion,
he was often assigned to the command of a division,
and served with distinguished ability at Corinth,
Perryville. where he was wounded, and in that
terrible succession of battles that followed Sher
man s advance into (Georgia. During the war he
preached regularly to the soldiers, and at its close
resumed his old field: founded Blue Mountain Fe
male College; contributed two years to Geon/ia
Index, and was six years associate editor of the
J/ew/^/.v lini>t!sl. He is also a Doctor of Divinity.
Lowry, Rev. Jennings O Bannon, pastor <.f
Coliseum Place Baptist church, New Orleans, was
born in Georgia in 1 851, but reared in South Caro
lina. He took a literary course at Erskine College,
S. C. After a course in theology at the Southern
Baptist Theological Seminary, he spent some time
at Leipsie. Germany ; was pastor of St. Francis
Street church. .Mobile. Ala., five years; called to
New Orleans, in December. 1871 .
Lowry, Robert, D.D., was born in Philadelphia,
Pa.. March 12. 182b . His parents were members of
the Associate Presbyterian Church. At the age of
.seventeen he became a subject of divine grace.
After reading the Xew Testament, he was con
vinced that it, was his duty to follow Christ in
baptism. He was immersed April 2 -}, 1*43. by
Dr. George B. Ide, pastor of the First Baptist
church. Philadelphia, lie began his religious life
with Christian work in helping to organize a Sun
day-school in a destitute part of the city. For sev
eral years he felt an irrepressible drawing towards
the ministry, but did not venture to disclose it
until his pastor probed his feelings and encour
aged him to begin a course of study. In 184S lie
entered the university at Lewisburg, Pa., and was
graduated in 1854, receiving valedictory honors.
In the same year he was ordained, and called to
the pastorate of the First Baptist church, West
Chester, Pa. Here he remained four years, during
which time a new church edifice was built. In 18f>8
lie was called to the Bloomingdale Baptist church.
New York City. A movement for a new church
edifice was interrupted by the breaking out of the
civil war. In 181) 1 he accepted a call to the Han
son Place Baptist church, Brooklyn, N. Y.. where
he labored over eight years. During this pastorate
about 400 members were added to the church. In
1S69 he was induced to accept the professorship
of Belles- Lettres in Lewisburg. and the pastorate
of the Baptist church. While here the new church
edifice was dedicated. After performing this double
work for six years, he retired, with the honorary
title of D.D.. to Plainfield, N. J. lie was sub
sequently elected chancellor of the university.
Shortly after reaching Plainfield a new church
was organized, which called him to its pastorship.
This movement led to the erection of the Park
Avenue church at a cost of $40,000. He has al
ways been an active worker in the Sunday-school.
He preaches extemporaneously, and holds tena
ciously to the distinctive views of Baptists. Mul
titudes know him as a composer of sacred son^
rather than as a preacher. His melodies are SHIIU
in every English-speaking land. Some of his
hymns have been translated into foreign tongues.
Music and hymnology are favorite studies with
him. Of five sons, three of whom are living, the
oldest has given himself to the work of the min
istry.
Loxley, Col. Benjamin, was born in Yorkshire.
England, Dec. 20. 1720: came to Philadelphia at
the age of sixteen, and served five years at the car
penter s trade. Married first Jane Watkins, sister
of his master, and on her death. Catherine Cox.
of Upper Freehold, X.-J. He had fifteen children.
About 1755 he helped to form the 1st Artillery
Company of Philadelphia, and went as lieutenant
into the service under Gen. Braddock, sharing his
defeat at Great Meadows. In 1758. (Jen. Forbes
appointed him to take charge of the king s stores
in the province, which he did for seven years. In
17b 4 he had command of the artillery which
awaited the invasion of the " Paxton boys." of
which Mr. Graydon gives an amusing account in
his " Reminiscences." lie describes Capt. Loxley
as a very honest little man, " who was always
put foremost when great guns were in question."
In 1775, Col. Loxley was on the Committee of
Safety for Dock Ward, and served in the Pro
vincial Conference and Convention of the times.
Commanded the artillery at Amboy, at German-
town, and was constantly engaged in casting and
in supplying various munitions of war. AVhile
driven out of Philadelphia by the British, they
burned five of his buildings and destroyed other
property. Some of his family also served in the
army. Col. Loxley was early a member- of the
First Baptist church, and liberal and conspicu
ous in erecting its meeting-house at La Grange
Place. Among other Baptist houses, public or
private, where Whitcfield preached in Phila
delphia, was Loxley s resilience, near 177 South
Second Street, then said to be in the country. The
front of the house was arched, and there the great
preacher addressed thousands on the gentle hill.
whose slope afforded a resting-place. The neigh
borhood was where Cadwallader drilled his " silk-
stocking company. some of whom proved doughty
warriors in times that tested men s souls. About
opposite was the house of William Darrah, whose
wife (Lydia) overheard a plot laid by certain Brit
ish officers, quartered upon them, to surprise Wash-
LUCAS
723
LUDLOW
ington at Whitemarsh. She "went to mill" early
next morning, and contrived to convey information
whereby the danger was averted, the British not
knowing why their plans failed. (Vol. Loxley died
in the fall of 1801, aged about eighty-one years,
leaving many of his name and blood in Pennsylva
nia and New Jersey. One, Benjamin R. Loxley,
was long a useful home missionary in Philadel
phia. Another is wife of Robert Lowry, P.P.
Lucas, E.6V. Elijah, was born in Plymouth,
England, in December. 1828. When quite a lad he
accepted Christ, and united Avitli the Wesleyan
Methodists. In the spring of 1850 he came to
RE\". ELIJAH LUCAS.
America, and having been for a long time troubled
on the subject of baptism, and being convinced
that the law of Christ required immersion, he of
fered himself to the First Baptist church of Troy,
X. Y., as a candidate for baptism, and was bap
tized by Rev. Geo. C. Baldwin, D.I)., and some
time afterwards that church licensed him to preach.
Mr. Lucas always shrank from the work of the
ministry, and was at last almost thrust into it by
the providence of God.
His first settlement was at Waterford and Ilalf-
Moon. in Saratoga Co., X. Y. He served both
those churches, preaching three times each Lord s
day. After laboring for about two and a half years,
he removed in lSf>f> to Stanford, in Dutchess Co.,
X. Y. In 1859 he accepted a call from Greenport,
and continued there three years. He served the
First Baptist church in Harlem, Xew York City,
nine years, after having labored about two and a
half years in Hastings, on the Hudson. On re
turning from Harlem he went to Europe, and on
his return he accepted the unanimous call of the-
First Baptist church of Trenton, X. J., and began
his labors there in 1873, and he is still with that
church.
Mr. Lucas has baptized a large number at Tren
ton. His church has over 1000 members, being
the largest Baptist church, except the First of New
ark, in the State. Mr. Lucas is an able preacher
and a devoted servant of the Redeemer.
Luck, Rev. William Francis, was born Xov.
7, ISUl, in Campbell Co., Va., in 1827. He re
moved to Tennessee, and lived there thirty years.
In 1857 he located in Lincoln Co., Mo. He pro
fessed religion in 1830, and joined the Pleasant
Valley church, Tenn. At one time he was mis
sionary of the General Association of Middle Ten
nessee and Xorth Alabama. He preached until
within a few days of his death, and chiefly to four
churches. As a preacher, he was bold and im
pressive. As an evangelist, he was efficient. In
Missouri he labored much in revivals. lie died
Dec. 20, 1878. Rigid in discipline, prompt in re
proof, and full of the spirit of -Jesus, he commanded
the confidence and love of his brethren.
Ludlow, Gen. Edmund, was bom at Maiden-
Bradley, in Wiltshire, England, in 1(120, and edu
cated at Trinity College, Oxford. He was one of
the judges that condemned Charles I. -, he was a
distinguished general in the Parliamentary forces,,
and for a time at the head of the large English
army necessarily kept in Ireland. He was en
dowed with a penetrating and independent mind - r
and he could not be moved by fear for the mighty
power of Cromwell, or by a desire for the great
favors he had to bestow, to change the course he
had selected for himself. Ludlow was a decided
republican, and when Cromwell assumed the Pro
tectorate, he made a vigorous protest against the
step, and gave up his command in Ireland. After
the return of Charles II. to Kngland, he went to-
Vevay, in Switzerland, where he died in K1U3. His
" Memoirs" are necessary to complete the history
of the Parliamentary war in England.
Richard Baxter, speaking of Cromwell, says,.
;< He sent his son Henry into Ireland, who mightily
supprest the Anabaptists. ... so that Maj.-Gen.
Ludlow, who headed them in Ireland, was forced
to submit."* Ludlow was a Baptist, and worthily
he walked in days of danger and temptation.
Ludlow, Rev. James Peter, grandson of Rev.
Dr. Stephen Gano, of Rhode Island, was born at
Charleston, S. C., Jan. 5, 1S33. He was converted
at sea, on the whale-ship i( Helen Augusta" ; bap
tized at Honolulu, Sandwich Islands, in February,
: Baxter s Life, pp. 09, 70.
LUMI KIN
724
LUMPKL\
1853, by the seamen s chaplain, S. C. Damon : the
first immersion ever witnessed at Honolulu. ITe
graduated at Rochester, in 186L from the univer
sity, and in 1864 from the theological seminary,
and was ordained in 1804 by the Central church,
Newport, 11. I.
The American Baptist Home Mission Society
sent him to San Francisco, Cal., in 1804, at which
place he organized, in 1805, the Tabernacle church,
and was for six years its successful pastor. In
1872 he was pastor of Calvary church, Sacra
mento. Failing health induced him to take a sea-
voyage around the world. With health restored,
he became pastor at Olympia, Washington Terri
tory, where he served with great success. In 1879
he became missionary for Puget Sound, with resi
dence at Seattle. He is deputy clerk of the U. S.
District Court of Washington Territory, over which
the Hon. -Judge Roger S. Greene, his friend, and
also a Baptist preacher, presides with marked
ability.
Lumpkin, Rev. John, the third of eight
brothers, all of whom attained prominent positions,
was the son of John and Lucy Lumpkin, who re
moved from Virginia and settled in Oglethorpe
Co., Ga. He was born in Pittsylvania Co., Vu,,
Nov. 4, 178"), but was brought to Georgia in his
infancy, and in Oglethorpe County he was reared
and educated, and in it he labored and died. He was
a Baptist minister of prominence, usefulness, sterling
worth, ability, and conscientious rectitude. Gov.
Wilson Lumpkin, of Georgia, was his elder brother,
and Judge Joseph Henry Lumpkin, chief justice of
the Supreme bench, was his younger brother, lie
united with County-Line church, Morgan Co., in
1808, and was ordained the same year, and imme
diately was called to the cai-e of churches. During
his ministry he constituted the churches at Antioch
and Salem, in Oglethorpe County, and Sardis, in
W r ilkes County ; and at the time of his death. Aug.
1, 1839, the buildings of these three churches were
draped in mourning.
His life was a shining example of true Christi
anity. As a preacher, his sermons were more re
markable for their practical bearing than for
brilliancy. In his ministerial career he labored
diligently and persistently to win souls for Christ ;
and God blessed his labors wonderfully. By con
forming his example to his precepts he made a
deep impression upon the community where he
lived, and left to his children a spotless name.
During his last moments an aged minister stepped
in to bid him a final adieu, and said, "Brother
Lumpkin, you are now entering Jordan, how do
you find it?" " The deeper I wade the firmer the
bottom," was the reply.
Lumpkin, Ex-Gov. Wilson, of Georgia, was
born in Pittsylvania Co., Va., Jan. 14, 1783, and
died at Athens, Ga., on the 28th December, 1870,
at the age of eighty-seven.
In 1786 his parents moved to Georgia, bringing
with them the infant destined to fill so many con
spicuous positions in the State of his adoption. At
eighteen years of age his mind became awakened
to the great importance of salvation, and he expe
rienced peace through faith. Personal investiga
tion of the Scriptures led to his adoption of Baptist
views, although his parents were Methodists, and
his predilections were towards the Presbyterians.
In the course of time his parents, affected by his
baptism, became Baptists themselves, after search
ing the Scriptures. Subsequently, others of the
EX-GOV. WI I.SOX LUMPKIN.
family followed the parents into the waters of bap
tism, and in a short period all the adult mem
bers of the family united with a Baptist church.
" God made me a Baptist," said Gov. Lumpkin
to a friend, in after-life, " and I can never be any
thing else. I must be of this faith, if I am the only
person in the world professing it, and to the end
of his long life he remained steadfast to his convic
tions.
Hardly had he attained his twenty-first year be
fore he was elected a member of the Legislature of
Georgia, which met in 1804, and he discharged his
responsible duties so satisfactorily that he was
elected for several consecutive sessions. In 1814
he was chosen to represent his district in the
national councils, and took his seat at Washington
the same year, a year memorable for the destruc
tion of the national capital by the British troops.
L UMPKIN
725
LUNG
For several sessions Mr. Lumpkin was returned to
Congress, bearing off the prize from all competi
tors. In 1831 he was so prominent with his party
the old Union party, as it was then termed that
lie received the nomination for governor, and his
election followed. Having served the State for two
years, he was triumphantly re-elected in 1833. On
retiring from the gubernatorial chair he received,
from Gen. Jackson, an important commission in
connection with Indian affairs, after the discharge
of which duty he became, in 1838, a United States
Senator.
He had now enjoyed all the political honors the
State could bestow, and being nearly threescore
years of age, he sought retirement ; and, pur
chasing a comfortable home in the vicinity of
Athens, Ga., he spent in that locality the remainder
of his days. The only public service he afterwards
rendered was as a member of the board of trustees
of the State University, of which he was the senior
member and honored president for many years.
Few men have lived in Georgia more universally
popular than Gov. Lumpkin. lie never failed to
secure any office for which he was a candidate 1 Mi-
fore the people. For forty consecutive years he
was retained in positions of high trust and honor,
and for a much longer period, if we include his
service as trustee of the State University. His
popularity was due, in a good degree, to his un
swerving fidelity to the trusts he had received. If
not a bold and dashing leader, lie was a prudent
officer, and the people felt that the public interests
were safe in his hands. lie was always ready to
serve his friends at any reasonable sacrifice, whilst
towards his political opponents he deported himself
with so much courtesy that he was constantly dis
arming their opposition and winning them to his
support.
lie was endowed by nature with an active and
inquiring mind. He early learned to think for
himself, and by this process his fine intellectual
gifts were drawn out or educated. There were
few subjects of importance connected with the
science of government which had not been care
fully examined by him, and his opinions were
promptly forthcoming whenever required. His
official papers while governor, and his speeches
while a member of Congress, are able and states
manlike, evincing a thorough knowledge of the
subjects discussed : and they are written with the
perspicuity and good sense characteristic of a man
who has something to say and is intent only in
lodging his meaning in the minds of those whom
he addresses.
But it was the elevated moral and religious char
acter dignifying and adorning the life of Gov. Lump-
kin which constituted his highest excellence. He
was a Christian statesman, not indifferent to the
approbation of his fellow-men, but far more anxious
for the honor which comes from above. With some
honorable exceptions, politicians make poor church
members ; but Gov. Lumpkin never furled his re
ligious colors for fear it might lose him the votes-
of those who were of a different religious faith.
Whether at his country home, where he first pro
fessed faith in Christ, or at Milledgeville, or in
Washington City, or Athens, he always took his
stand for Christ, identifying himself with his Bap
tist brethren, however obscure they might be. As
suming nothing on account of the high honors
he had received from the State, he took his place
among the humblest members of the church, ever
counting it a privilege to be even a door-keeper
in the house of God. When the work of the Lord
was revived, no one rejoiced more than he ; and
it was a touching sight to see him exhorting the
youthful converts to be faithful to their vows, when
they presented themselves for church-membership.
His silvery locks and tearful eye and tremulous
voice emphasized his pious advice with a power
and pathos which subdued every heart.
Ho courted the confidence of his brethren more
than the praises of politicians. Late in life he at
tended a meeting of the Sarepta Association, and r
quite unexpectedly to himself, was elected moder
ator. His heart was touched by the respect thus
expressed, and he subsequently remarked that no
office which worldly men had conferred ever gave
him such pleasure as the confidence thus exhibited
by his brethren in calling him to preside over their
deliberations. He was a man of great faith and
large heart, and with a nature as tender and sen
sitive as a woman s. Afflictions severe and fre
quent kept his heart soft. " He had, said one
who knew him most intimately, " as much real,
heart-breaking, continued trouble as any one I
have ever known, yet such was his faith in God
that he could rejoice at all times. ; He was ac
customed to say, u I would rather walk in the dark
with God than go alone in the light. My dear
Lord appoints all my troubles, and I brush away
the coming tears when I think that it is his will."
At the time of his death he was probably the
oldest Baptist, as he was certainly among the
oldest citizens, of the State. He served his gener
ation faithfully, by the will of God, and then fell
asleep, that
" blessed sleep,
From which none ever wakes to weep."
Lung, Rev. A. H., was born in Rush, Susque-
hanna Co., Pa., Nov. 1, 1820. He received hi?
first lessons at school from Benj. F. Bently, now
Judge Bently, of Williamsport, Pa.
At the age of eleven years he found Christ, and
was baptized at thirteen by Rev. Davis Dimock,
and became a member of the Rush Baptist church.
LUNSFOh D
LUSH
For two years he taught school. lie then became
a student in Hartford Academy, in Northeastern
Pennsylvania, and after two and a half years was
admitted into Lewisburg University, and gradu
ated in 185:;. lie entered the theological semi
nary at Rochester, N. Y., and completed his course
in the class of 1855.
Acting as a supply, he preached as opportunity
offered until May, 1S57, when he became pastor of
the Baptist church at Canandaigua, N. Y., and was
ordained the following August.
Here he labored with marked success until the
breaking out of the war. In January, 18(5:2, he
Avas commissioned as chaplain of the 33d Regiment
N. Y. Yols. While on the Peninsula, Ya., he was
attacked with severe illness, and for several days
lay in the hospital at Fortress Monroe at the point
of death. Recovering, he remained with his regi
ment until it was mustered out of service, a little
before the battle of Gettysburg, after which he re
sumed his pastorate at Canandaigua. In Septem
ber, 1804, ho was called to the pastorate of the
First Baptist church of Germantown, Philadelphia.
Here his ministry was signally blessed in the con
version of many souls. In 1866 he laid the corner
stone of the chapel now known as the Second
Baptist church of Germantown, and his church dis
missed a colony to aid in forming the organization.
In 1867 he was permitted to enjoy the most gra
cious revival of his whole ministry. In a single
year he gave the hand of fellowship to 202 new
members, 179 of whom were received by baptism.
In 1868 he planted a mission in Lower German-
town, erected a chapel, and organized a church,
which became the Third Baptist church of G -.>]-
mantown.
lie became its pastor, and remained with it
with much success until June, 1872. In that
year he was called to take the pastorate of the
Trinity church of Camden, N. J. lie is now in
his ninth year with this church, which has grown
from ( .)0 to about 400 members. Mr. Lung has
baptized 712 persons during his ministry.
He is a member of the board of trustees of Lew
isburg University and of South Jersey Institute.
lie is also a member of the board of managers of
the New Jersey Baptist Education Society and of
the American Baptist Historical Society. He is a
diligent worker, a conscientious Christian, and a
successful pastor.
Lunsford, Rev. Lewis, was born in the county
of Stafford, Va., about the year 1753. He was
baptized by the Rev. Wm. Fristoe, and, uniting
with the Potomac church, now Ilortwood, he
began at once to preach. His labors in the North
ern Neck of Virginia were greatly blessed, and
many were added to the churches which he him
self had organized. In the year 1778 he was
chosen pastor of the Moratico church, just then
constituted, and he continued in that relation until
his death, which occurred Oct. 26, 1793. Mr. Luns
ford, in many respects, was a remarkable man.
His zeal in the work of his Master is seen in the
fact that he would sometimes rise from his sick
bed and preach a thrilling sermon to the waiting
crowds ; also in the fact that he would start on long
and wearisome journeys in the most stormy weather
to meet either regular or special appointments.
His journeyings took him three different times as
far lus Kentucky, preaching the gospel everywhere,
and he was listened to by thronging crowds of
anxious and delighted hearers. In his spare hours
he was a diligent student, and among his acquire
ments was quite an accurate knowledge of medi
cine, wdiicli made him specially useful among fam
ilies to whom he might, otherwise, not have had
access. As a man, Lunsford stood among the fore
most in his State for consistency of character, ami
ability of deportment, and an example of all the
nobler traits of human nature ; while his powers
of reasoning, the keenness of his sarcasm, and his
undaunted spirit, made him a terror to the wicked.
As a preacher, he had but few equals in his day.
His presence was commanding; his voice strong
arid well modulated ; his conceptions quick and
elevated ; and his whole manner attractive in the
highest degree. Lunsford, with other Baptists of
those days, met with considerable persecution at
the hands of the ignorant and the bigoted. He
was frequently threatened, sometimes assaulted,
and more than once in great danger; but his pru
dence and perseverance overcame, in a measure.
this hostility. Dr. Jeter lias said of him. " He
was eminently useful, and the churches which he
(bunded have enjoyed a large measure of pros
perity. . . . He would have been distinguished in
any age and country ; . . . and, though taken from
the field of labor in the vigor of his days, but few
have accomplished more than he for the extension
of the Redeemer s kingdom.
Lush, The Eight Honorable Sir Robert, a
lord justice of the English High Court of Ap
peals, has been for many years a prominent mem
ber of the Baptist denomination in England. lie
was born at Shaftesbury, Wiltshire. Oct. 25, 1807.
and was educated in his native town. He was
called to the bar in 1840, and practised with suc
cess in the Chancery courts, his professional ser
vices being held in high esteem by the leading
commercial men of the metropolis. In 1857 he ob
tained the dignity of Queen s counsel, and in 1865
he was elevated to the bench and received the honor
of knighthood, to which has since been added the
dignity of a Privy Counsellor. Sir Robert Lush
married the daughter of the Rev. Christopher
Woollacot, many years pastor of the venerable
LUTHER
i27
LVTIlKIt
church in Little Wild Street, London, and with
that church he was associated until the ortniniza-
TIIK KKMIT IIUXOK AUI.K Silt KoBKKT I.TSII.
tion of tlie Regent s Park ohiirch, under Dr. Lan-
dels. in 1X57. Since that time he has served the
church in the office of deacon with y.eal ;md devo
tion, and lias been a ready helper of the pastor in
every good work, lie has also taken a lively in
terest in the Missionary Society, and has been ! >r
several years one of the treasurers of the Particular
Baptist Fund. Several treatises on points of law
attest his professional eminence, and he was ira/.etted
in 1X78 as one of the members of the Royal < oin-
nii<siori appointed to inquire into the provisions of
the Draft Code relating to Indictable Offenses.
Luther, John Hill, D.D., was born in Warren.
II. 1., -June 121, 1X24. On his mother s side he is
of Huguenot origin, while his ancestors on the
father s side were among the Welsh emigrants
who founded one of the earliest Baptist churches
on the American continent, the Rev. Samuel
Luther being the second pastor of the Swansea
Baptist church. lie graduated at Brown I ni-
versity in 1X47. Among his classmates were Prof.
G. P. Fisher, of Yale College; Dr. -I. P. Bovce, of
the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary; 11. A.
Guild, LL. !>., of Providence ; and Benjamin Thomas.
a missionary to Burmah. lie graduated at New
ton Theological Seminary in IX.X); taught three
years in Georgia before ordination ; was pastor of
Blackswamp and Old Pendleton churches, S. C..
1854-5X ; president of Young Ladies Seminary in
Kansas City, Mo., 1858-61 ; pastor of Miami
church during the war, 1801-05; of Palmyra
church, 1X65-08 ; established Th<> Central Baptist
in St. Louis, Mo., in 1800, and edited it for nine
and a half years; pastor of Fee Fee church in
St. Louis Co., Mo., the oldest Protestant church
west of the Mississippi : pastor of Second Baptist
church, Galveston. Texas, one year, ending August,
1X7X ; now president of Baylor Female College, In
dependence, Texas. His training under Wayland.
Sears, and Hackett, his association with Sherwood
and Campbell, of Georgia, Johnson and the elder
Manly, of South Carolina, have fitted him for ex
tended usefulness. The journals of Louisville and
Boston speak of him as a fine rhetorical scholar, a
thorough theologian, and an accomplished editor.
William -Jewell College conferred on him the de
gree of D.D. He is also a, member of the Phi Beta
Kappa Society. He is in the prime of his powers.
Luther, Rev. Robert M., was born in Philadel
phia, Pa., in 1X42. At the age of fifteen he united
with the Chambers Presbyterian church, in Phila
delphia. For more than two years he continued
his connection with this body, and pursued prepar
atory studies with a view to entering the Christian
ministry. In August, IXf/.). through witnessing a
baptism in the Tabernacle church. Philadelphia,
administered by Rev. "W. T. Brantly, D. I)., he was
led to be baptized according to the requirements of
the Scriptures.
This course involved a temporary separation from
his relatives, and gave him a practical experience
of the blessedness of putting his whole trust in the
Lord, which determined to some extent his after-
course.
LY\])OX
LYXDON
He was licensed to preach by the Nicetown
church of Philadelphia in INfiO, and after com
pleting his studies at Princeton, N. J., was ordained
April 4, 1S(>4, by a council called by the Niectown
church. About a year previous to this time he had
decided to enter the foreign mission field. In May,
1 864, having recently married Calista, only daughter
of Rev. Dr. J. H. Vinton, our sainted missionary
to the Karens, Mr. Luther and his wife sailed for
Burmah, and having joined the Rangoon mission
to the Karens, they began there the work of edu
cating the future preachers and teachers of the
mission. Mr. Luther was chosen president of the
1V--U High and Normal School. The mathematical
department was committed to Mrs. Luther. The
theological class numbered usually about 125 mem
bers, and was conducted entirely by Mr. Luther.
The vacation of four months was spent in jungle
work and in conducting a series of evangelistic
labors among the heathen. Having studied medi
cine, much of the influence attained over the heathen
communities was due to Mr. Luther s medical skill,
and thus by a combination of labors he and his
faithful wife were enabled to do good service for
Christ and the church. They were not appointed
by any society, preferring to labor independently,
and upon the work of the Rangoon mission they
expended their entire property. Excessive labor
and exposure ruined Mr. Luther s health, and he
was carried on board ship in January, 1870, and
supposed to be at the point of death. The voyage,
however, and the unwearied care of his devoted
companion, saved his life, and lie landed, after more
than six years absence, in July, 1870, upon his
native shores.
He has since been actively engaged in the work
of the ministry in this country, lie served the
Fifth Baptist church of Philadelphia for seven
months as stated supply, during which period about
100 were led to Christ, principally from the Sab
bath-school. Needing a colder climate in order to
control the frequent attacks of the malarial disease
contracted in the Burmese jungles, he accepted
call to Bennington, Vt., where he remained foi
more than nine years, having a very successfu
pastorate. lie resigned his charge at the reques
of the Executive Committee of the American Bap
tist Missionary Union, at the same time declining
a call from the church at Waltham, Mass., to ac
cept the position of district secretary of the Mis
sionary Union for the Southern District. He
entered upon his labors Oct. 1, 1880.
Lyndon, Gov. Jonas, was born in Newport
11. I., March 10, 1704. His relatives were amon
the honored and respected citizens of his birth
place, and he received in early life a good educa
tion. At the age of twenty-six he was chose
clerk of the lower house of the General Assembly
nd of the Superior Court of the county of New-
ort, which offices he held for many years, dis-
harging his duties with great fidelity. The year
58 is memorable in Rhode Island history, it
eing the year in which commenced an exciting
truggle for the governorship between the friends
f Samuel Ward and Stephen Hopkins. Strife
aged with great violence until, as we are told,
such was the heart-burning hostility of the bel-
igerent parties as very greatly to impair the enjoy -
icnt of domestic tranquillity and interrupt the
lospitalities of social life." Success and defeat at
lifferent times fell to the lot of the rival candidates,
ind for ten years the State was the scene of bitter
inimosity. At last the parties interested seem to f
lave been aware that the time had come to put an
nd to the quarrel, and amicable arrangements
vere made for the election of a governor, both Mr.
Ward and Mr. Hopkins stepping aside to give place
for the introduction of a new name. It is an in-
lication of the esteem in which Jonas Lyndon was
ield by his fellow-citizens that he was at once se-
ected as a candidate to fill the most important
position in the State, and chosen by them to occupy
:he gubernatorial chair, his term of service com
mencing May 1. 17G8. Gov. Lyndon came into
office at a time of great interest in the colonies.
Signs of growing hostility to the arbitrary measures
of the British government were exhibiting them
selves on all hands. In Rhode Island, where there
was the declaration of sincere loyalty to the crown,
there was no hesitancy in giving utterance to an
earnest protest against the infringement of the
rights of the citizens. In Bartlett s " Records of
the Colony of Rhode Island we find a lengthy
correspondence between Gov. Lyndon and the Earl
of Ilillsborough touching matters in which the
citizens of Rhode Island felt the deepest interest,
and a letter also which the governor wrote to the
king. In the letter, after giving expression to the
most loyal affection for His Most Excellent Ma
jesty," Gov. Lyndon and the "Company of the
English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence
Plantations in New England in General Assembly
convened, beg leave with great humility to lay
before your majesty a representation of our griev
ances, and to offer our humble supplications for
redress." After alluding to the close ties which
unite them to the mother-country, and briefly re
hearsing the history of the events which led to the
establishment of the New England colonies, and
dwelling with emphasis on the rights and immuni
ties guaranteed to Rhode Island by the charter of
King Charles II., especially the " exclusive right of
giving and granting their own money by themselves
or by their representatives," the letter of Gov.
Lyndon goes on to say, " It is with the greatest
concern and grief that your majesty s loyal subjects
L YON
in this colony find their property given and granted
by your majesty s Parliament without their con
sent. Although wo have the highest veneration
for that most august body, to whom we cheerfully
and readily submit, as to the supreme legislature
of the whole empire, in all things consistent with
the first and most fundamental rights of nature,
yet we humbly conceive that the late acts of
Parliament imposing duties and taxes upon your
majesty s subjects in America, not for the regula
tion of commerce merely, but for the express pur
pose of raising a revenue, thereby giving and
granting the property of the Americans, without
their consent, to be an infringement of those rights
and privileges derived to us from nature, and from
the British constitution, and conformed by our
charter, and the uninterrupted enjoyment of them
for more than a century past." This letter, ex
pressive of the sentiments of the General Assembly
of Rhode Island, and signed by its patriotic gov
ernor, was accompanied with two others to the
Earl of Hiilsborough, in which the same views
were presented. The three communications were
sent to Joseph Sherwood, Esq., the agent of the
colony in London, to whom the governor wrote,
" By these you will know the sentiments of the
General Assembly upon the late acts of Parliament
for raising a revenue upon the free inhabitants of
the colonies without their consent. They look
upon them as incompatible with their rights, and
with their existence as a free people ; and they
have no doubt but that you will exert your utmost
endeavors to obtain a repeal of these acts/ Those
letters to the king and the Earl of Iliilsborough
produced no change in the policy of the British
Parliament. Mr. Sherwood in communicating the
circumstances that he had delivered the documents
forwarded to his care, writes, "We learned yes
terday from one of his majesty s ministers that
the legislature is determined not to repeal those
acts for the present, but to enforce the execution
of them ; yet such enforcement is intended to be
executed with lenity and mildness if it can ; but at
all events the execution of those acts will at present
be enforced, according to the best information we
can get."
The administration of Gov. Lyndon continued
but for one year, from May 1, 1708, to May 1,
1709. His declination for another term seems to
have been a voluntary act on his part. It may be
that he saw that difficulties and dangers were
gathering around the colony, and he shrank from
the grave responsibilities which might fall upon
him as the chief magistrate of the State. His
habits of life rather fitted him for the quiet clerical
pursuits in which he had so long been engaged.
The Hon. J. II. Bartlett speaks of him as " of an
amiable and something of a literary character : he
47
had been many years clerk of the Court of Common
Pleas for the county of Newport, which place he
held undisturbed by either party. He was of mild
and inoffensive manners ; moderate in politics, as
well as in his general deportment. He held the
place of governor only one year, when, by his own
consent, he left the gubernatorial chair to resume
his former office of clerk of the Common Pleas,
which place he held until his death."
Although not a communicant. Gov. Lyndon was
a warm friend and supporter of the First Baptist
church of Newport, and a constant attendant on its
worship. In conjunction with another person,
Ilezekiah Carpenter, he gave the lot on which
the church edifice stands, and also a parsonage,
which stood on the lot on which the " Perry
House" was subsequently built. Upon the occu
pancy of Newport by the British he removed to
Warren, II. L, where he died of smallpox, March
oO. 1778.
Lynn, Rev. Benjamin, " the Daniel Boone of
the Kentucky pulpit," is known only as the hunter-
preacher of Southern Kentucky. The earliest ac
count we have of him is that he was a wandering
hunter in the Green River Valley before its settle
ment. As soon as a few people had settled in
stockade forts along the river to which he had
given his name, he formed No-Lynn (now called
South Fork) church of Separate Baptists, in 1782, ac
cording to tradition, in what is now La Rue County.
Three years after he gathered Pottingess Creek
church, in Nelson County, and a little later Level-
woods church, in La Rue County. His name is
connected with the traditions and, in some cases,
with the earliest records of the oldest churches lo
cated in Southern Kentucky, near the Tennessee
line. His name is preserved in No-Lynn (now
written Noliri) River, Lynn, Camp Creek, Nolin,
church, Lynn Association, and other localities and
religious bodies.
Lyon, Rev. Albert Jonathan, was born in
Sturbridge, Mass., July 11, I84S. When he was
ten years of age his family removed to Newport,
Minn. He was prepared for college by Rev. Dr.
Drury. While pursuing his studies he became a
Christian, and was baptized by his father, Rev. A.
S. Lyon, in June, 1863. One year of his univer
sity course was spent in Shurtleff, and the last
three in Rochester University, where he graduated
in 1871. He entered the Rochester Theological
Seminary to prepare for the ministry, and decided
to offer himself as a missionary. He sailed from
New York Oct. 24, 1877, and arrived at Rangoon
December 27. He reached Bhamo Feb. 13, 1878.
He was soon attacked by a fever, and died March
15. Thus, on the threshold of life a promising
young missionary was cut off. His loss was deeply
felt by his companions in Christian labor.
MAC ARTHUR
730
MACKENZIE
M.
MacArthur, Robert Stuart, D.D., was born at
Dalesvillo, Quebec, Canada, July 31, 1841. His
parents came from the Highlands of Scotland to
Canada. His father is a Presbyterian, but his
ROBERT STUART MACARTHUR, D.D.
mother and other members of the family are Bap
tists. He was converted at the age of thirteen, and
baptized at Dalesville. He was zealous as a church
member, and at eighteen began to hold religious
meetings and address the people. Ho prepared
for college at the Canadian Literary Institute at
AVoodstock. Canada ; was graduated at the Univer
sity of Rochester in 1867, taking in the course the
Sophomore prize for declamation, and the gold
medal for the best written and delivered oration
at graduation. He was licensed to preach Sept.
25, 1808 ; was graduated in the theological semi
nary at Rochester in 1870. While in the seminary
he preached on Sunday evenings at Lake Avenue
chapel, which resulted in many conversions and
the organization of a church now flourishing.
In June, 1870, he accepted the call of the Cal
vary Baptist church, on Twenty-third Street. New
York, where he has since labored with marked
ability and success. He is now one of the leading
ministers in that city.
MaCgOWan, Rev. John, was born in Edin
burgh, Scotland, about 172(>. He was converted
among the "Wesleyan Methodists, and by them or
dained to the ministry. Discovering the unscrip-
tural character of Arminianism, he left the Meth
odists and united with the Congregationalists ;
light continuing to increase upon him, he followed
the Saviour in immersion. In July, 1767, he was
ordained pastor of the Devonshire Square church,
London. He continued in this office till his death,
which occurred Nov. 25, 1780.
Mr. Macgowan had a powerful imagination, a
clear intellect, and a heart full of love to Jesus.
As an author, he became well known beyond the
limits of his own denomination. His " Dialogues
of Devils" has passed through a number of edi
tions, and its pages are well known on both sides
of the Atlantic ; this book deserves a place in the
library of every Christian. His other books are
" The Shaver, or Priestcraft Defended ; a sermon,
occasioned by the expulsion of six young gentle
men from the University of Oxford for praying,
reading, and expounding the Scriptures; humbly
dedicated to Mr. Vice-Chancellor and the Heads
of Houses-," "Sermons on the Book of Ruth;"
" The Avian and Socinian Monitor."
Mackenzie, Hon. Alexander, ex-prime minis
ter of the Dominion of Canada, was born Jan. 28.
1822, in Logierait, Perthshire, Scotland. In his
boyhood he attended the public schools of Moulin,
Dunkeld, and Perth ; but at the age of fourteen
the death of his father made it necessary for him
to engage in industrial pursuits. He learned the
business of an architect and builder, which he fol
lowed for a time in the neighborhood of Irvine, on
the coast of Ayrshire. During his stay there he
became the subject of saving grace, and united
with the Baptist church in Irvine, then under the
pastoral care of the late Dr. Leechman. In 1842 he
emigrated to Canada, and settled in Sarnia, on the
St. Glair River, where he commenced business as
a contractor, meeting with well-merited success.
This was a period of great political excitement in
the Canadian colony, on the subject of Responsible
Government. The masses of the people, in oppo
sition to the ruling faction, demanded that public
affairs should no longer be managed under the ir
responsible control of Downing Street nominees,
but that Cabinet ministers should have seats in the
Canadian Legislature, and be responsible to the
Parliament of Canada for every executive act.
MACKENZIE
731
MACLAREN
The contest was long and bitter ; but at a gen
eral election, in 1848, tbe Reformers were com
pletely victorious, and popular government became
firmly established. It was not possible for a man
IIOV. Ai,KXA\DER MACKENZIE.
of Mr. Mackenzie s strong political convictions and
sympathies to stand idly by when such a struggle
-was in progress. Very shortly after his arrival in
the country he espoused the cause of the people,
and was soon recognized as one of its most earnest
and { earless advocates. In process of time he bc-
came the acknowledged editor of the Ltimbton
Shield, a Liberal paper, which he conducted for
several years in Sarnia with distinguished ability,
lie was first elected to Parliament in June, 1801,
as member for the county of Lambton, of which
Sarnia is the county town, and at every succeeding
election he has been returned for the same constitu
ency. From the beginning of his parliamentary
career he has taken a prominent part in the coun
cils of the nation. lie contributed very largely to
the success of the scheme of British American con
federation, which was accomplished in 1805. In
the fall of that year he was offered a seat in the
Federal Cabinet, which he declined because he
could not approve the commercial policy of the
government. In 1871 he was elected to the local
Legislature of Ontario, as representative of West
Middlesex, and soon after became a member of the
Provincial Administration. But finding it inexpe
dient for a member of the Federal Parliament to
busy himself with local legislation, he resigned
both seat and office in 1872, and has since given
his undivided attention to the politics of the Do
minion. Soon after this he became the recognized
leader of the Liberal party, and in 1873 he was
made prime minister of Canada. For five years
he discharged the duties of this exalted position
with rare wisdom and fidelity, laying the country
of his adoption under a debt of gratitude, which
history will not fail to record. In 1875-70 he vis
ited Great Britain, where he was warmly welcomed
by Queen Victoria and the leading statesmen of
the empire. In Scotland his visit was a series of
ovations, men of all ranks and parties uniting to
do him honor. lie received the "freedom" of sev
eral Scotch burghs, and many other marks of pop
ular appreciation ; but the order of knighthood,
tendered him by her majesty in recognition of his
distinguished public services, he felt himself obliged
to decline.
Mr. Mackenzie is a man of superior mental cul
ture and of great intellectual power. In private
life he manifests the most kindly disposition, with
out the slightest ostentation or assumption, lie is
(1881) a member of the Jarvis Street Baptist
church. Toronto, Ontario, a trustee of the To
ronto Baptist College, and a warm friend to the
work of the denomination generally.
Maclaren, Alexander, D.D., was born in Glas
gow, Scotland, in 1825. His father was for many
years a pastor of the Scotch Baptist church in that
city, and was held in high reputation by his brethren
as an expositor of the divine Word. On his father s
removal to Australia, he attended the ministry of
Dr. James Paterson, for forty-six years pastor of
the Hope Street Baptist church in Glasgow, and
was baptized on May 7, 1840. When not much
more than sixteen years of age lie was entered at
Stepney College, London, as a student for the min
istry. He made. thorough and honorable progress
in all the studies of that seminary, and at the close of
the course took the B.A. degree at the London Uni
versity, with the prize for proficiency in the Hebrew
and Greek Scriptures. His first settlement was at
Portland chapel, Southampton, where a notable
minister, Rev. John Pulsford, had preached for a
few years, and a, very mixed congregation had been
gathered. At the times of Mr. Maclaren s settle
ment the attendance Avas small, and for some years
few, if any, signs of progress appeared. The
young minister was for a time uncertain whether
his ministry should be continued, but ho persevered
in his course, making for himself the reputation of
an original and reverent thinker. His peculiar
treatment of sacred themes in the pulpit, and his
unclerical. attire, led some of his neighbors to think
he was heterodox. But Mr. Maclaren lived down
all suspicion of heterodoxy, and it became evident
to all that the town possessed in the young Baptist
pastor a public teacher of great gifts. The church
MAC LAY
MACLAY
was filled, and ultimately crowded. In 1858 he
was induced to remove to Manchester, to become
pastor of a church founded on similar principles
of organisation to that at Southampton. Since that
time his fame as a preacher and writer has steadily
risen. The irreat mercantile city cherishes his name
as one of her choice possessions, while the literary
and theological world esteems l>r. .Maclaren one of
the foremost preachers of the age. By the denomi
nation he is regarded as a tower of strength ; his
attachment to the distinctive tenets of the body
being known to all. lie filled the chair of the
Baptist Union in 1ST"), and is a zealous promoter
of the missions and other denominational enter
prises, lie is in great request as a lecturer, but for
the most part he gives himself to pulpit and pas
toral Avork. A very large edifice recently built is
already too small to accommodate the congregation,
and the church is the centre of evangelistic ac
tivity. Several editions of his sermons have been
published on both sides of the Atlantic, lie has
also written a little book on Italy, which attracted
favorable notice. The Edinburgh University grace
fully tendered him the degree of D.I), in 1878, in
recognition of his distinguished ability as a theolo
gian and a preacher.
Maclay, Archibald, D.D., was born in Kil-
learn, Scotland. May 14. 1778, and died in XCAV
AKC1II11AI.I) MACI.AV, D.I).
York, May 2, 1800. The family removed to Glas
gow, where he formed the acquaintance of the learned
Christian philanthropist, Robert Haldane. To him
he made known his wish to prepare for the min-
istrv. and Mr. llaldanc gave him the means to
procure an education. In 1802 he commenced
pi-each ing as a Congregationalist at Kirkcaldy, in
Fifeshire. In 1804 he was appointed a missionary
to the East Indies, but the British government in
terfered and the project was abandoned. Then,
through the advice of Mr. Haldane, he sailed for
New York ; commenced preaching in Hose Street.
and soon organised a Congregational church.
Three years later his investigations and convic
tions led him to unite Avith the Baptists, and the
majority of his church in Rose Street followed him.
A Baptist church, now known as the Tabernacle
church, was organized, of Avhich he remained pastor
until 1837, when he resigned, to become the gen
eral agent of the American and Foreign Bible So
ciety, lie labored with great success in this Avork
for thirteen years, traveling over all parts of the
United States and the British provinces. The Bible
Translation Society of England Avas one of the re
sults of his labors. In 1850 he assisted in organ
ising, and became the general agent of the Ameri
can Bible Union, Avhose main object Avas the revision
of the English Bible. Becoming dissatisfied Avith
its management, he Avithdrew from it in 1856, and
published his reasons for so doing.
One of his addresses in favor of faithful transla
tions Avas issued in several languages, and more
than a hundred thousand copies of it circulated.
lie was a superior preacher, an able Avriter, and a
successful minister.
Maclay, Hon. William B., son of Archibald
Maclay, D.D.. was born in New York in 1812.
After four years at the University of New York he
was graduated with the highest honors of his class
in 1886, the valedictory being awarded to him by
the faculty. lie Avas immediately elected a mem
ber of the council of the university, Avhich position
he still holds. He was elected to the Legislature
of New York in 1840, 1841, and 1842. He is known
as the author of bills which passed the Legislature
which greatly improved the facilities of the higher
courts in their Avork, and lessened the expenses of
litigation. In 1842 he drafted a bill, which became
a law, establishing the present system of public
schools of New York, of which he has the honor
of being the founder. Mr. Maclay has been five
times elected a representative in Congress from his
city. With great credit he served on the Com
mittee of Ways and Means, on the Committee on
Naval Affairs, and on other important committees.
He was prominent in securing a reduction of letter
postage, and published his views in Hunt s Mer
chants Magazine. He had the faculty of stating his
opinions on all public questions Avith clearness and
force, and therefore carried his points in State and
national legislation. It is admitted by statesmen
that he has given the clearest account of our title
MA CLA Y
MA COX
to Oregon of any man, and put that matter beyond
dispute. Since his retirement from Congress he
has held no office except that of commissioner of
the New York and Brooklyn Bridge Company.
lie is a member and supporter of the Madison Ave
nue Baptist congregation.
Maclay, William W., a grandson of Rev. Dr.
Archibald Maday, was born in the city of New
York, .March 27, 1845. lie was graduated from
the U. S. Naval Academy in 1863, and was imme
diately commissioned ensign in the navy. For gal
lant conduct he was promoted to the grade of
master in 1865. lie served with Admiral Porter
in both bombardments of Fort Fisher, in 18G4 and
186"). In 1867 he was commissioned lieutenant, and
in 1SGS was again promoted, to lieutenant-com
mander. In the same year he was made fleet-
lieutenant and acting fleet-captain in the U. S.
Asiatic Squadron. Again, in 186S, he was ap
pointed instructor of mathematics in the Naval
Academy at Annapolis. In 1S70 he was elected
corresponding member of the U. S. Geographical
Society, and was awarded the gold medal by the
society on practical engineering, and was then ap
pointed an engineer of the dock commission of the
city of New York, which position he still holds.
His rapid promotion was the result of his peculiar
fitness and ability for the service assigned him.
His essay was published in a pamphlet of over fifty
pages in the " Transactions of the American Society
of Civil Engineers, 1 and shows great industry and
remarkable talent in that field of labor.
Macon, Hon. Nathaniel, was born in Warren
Co., V C. He was a soldier of the Revolution,
and a member of the U. S. Congress for thirty-
six years ; whom John Randolph, his life-long
friend, remembered in his will, describing him as
"the wisest man I ever knew, - and whom Jeffer
son characterized as the last of the Romans.
He was a great reader of the Bible and a staunch
Baptist, because the New Testament made him
one. While in college at Princeton, N. J., nigh
the then seat of war, in 1777, he enlisted in
the Continental army for a short term. When
he emergency passed he studied law, but when
the seat of war was transferred south he again
enlisted. Refusing a commission, he served as a
private; was at the fall of Charleston and the de
feat at Camden, S. C. ; retreated with Greene be
fore Cornwallis in Virginia, but saw his surrender
<it Yorktown ; retired from the army only when
the preliminary treaty of peace was signed in
17*2, and refused all pay during his service and
u pension after the war. His ability and integrity
led to his choice, while a youth and in the army,
in 1780, as a State senator, where he served till
1785. He opposed the payment of the; depreciated
State currency except at its market value, on the
ground that speculators from covetousness had
robbed the soldiers in their need. From 1787 to
1781) he opposed the adoption of the U. S. Consti
tution as giving a power liable to be abused to the
oppression of the people. In 17 Jl he entered the
U. S. Congress; was a member of the lower house
till IS 15, and Speaker from 1X01 to 1S06, and was
then in the U. S. Senate from 1816 to 1S2S. serving
as president pro tern, from 1825 to 1827. He stead
ily declined cabinet positions, twice refusing -Jef
ferson s efforts to secure his services as postmaster-
general, and remonstrating when, in 1824, Virginia
cast her twenty-four electoral votes for him as Vice-
President. In Congress, as in his State, he op
posed speculators in the Continental currency. He
supported the second war with Great Britain only
on the ground that defensive, not offensive, war was
justifiable. He voted for the embargo, but against
privateering, the increase (if the navy, and the
building of forts, except for home defense. From
the conviction that true philanthropy, as well as
patriotism, could not be mercenary, he voted in
1795 against a grant of lands to the Count de
Grasse, and in 1824. to the Marquis de La Fayette.
When his principles triumphed in the election of
Gen. -Jackson, he felt that he could withdraw from
national affairs. During his long public; life, the
sagacity as well as integrity of Mr. Macon won the
esteem of all parties. ( ailed in 1835 to preside in the
convention that revised the constitution of North
Carolina, his marked consistency again appeared.
He opposed the " freehold qualification of voters
because it fostered a landed aristocracy. An
avowed and devout Christian believer, he opposed
all religious tests from official candidates, since the
conscientious doubter was more reliable than an
unscrupulous taker of an oath. The last public
position held by Mr. Macon was that of Presidential
elector in 1836. when Mr. Van Buren was chosen.
To a friend who blamed his independent course, he
explained in these memorable words, under date
AVarren Co., N. C., Oct. 6, 1836, " I think better of
the people than must men. I have tried them in
every way, and never found them wanting." He
was taken sick only a few hours before his death.
He had ordered a plain wooden coffin, and had di
rected that he should be buried on a rocky knoll,
where the plow could never find soil to tear, and
that a heap of loose stones only should mark his
grave. The only memoir of his life, that of Fd-
ward R. Cotton. Baltimore. 1840. is out of print.
He died June !> .. 1X37. The Democratic Review
for October, 1X37, Washington, I). C., thus opens
its notice: " There is no man in the history of this
country who is destined to a higher or a more per
petual fame than Nathaniel Macon of North Caro
lina." The pupils of Dr. Wayland will imagine
his ethical views echoed as by telephone from
734
Rhode Island to North Carolina. The lino of
Christian heroes is not broken in this New World.
Madison University, Hamilton, N. Y., over
looks a village of rare; beauty and healthfulness.
It is near tlio geographical centre of the State, and
near the centre of a new net-work of railways, which
five easy communication with every part nf the
State. In all of its forms it is sixty years old ; was
opened as a school in 1820; organized as a sem
inary, college, and academy in 1834; chartered as
a university in 1846. As a university, it at once
appropriated the patronage, organism, faculty,
classes, alumni, and what of property and other
resources there then were in the Hamilton Literary
and Theological Institution, and thus were; united
the vigor of a young life with the strength and
prestige of the old.
Early patronage was wide-spread. drawn not
from New York only, but from Vermont, Massa
chusetts, Connecticut, New .Jersey. Pennsylvania,
Ohio, and Michigan. The body that (bunded it
was at the time energetic and diffusive. It looked
to this school with great hope, and on it concen
trated its best offerings and fervent prayers. The
school was strictly indigenous, springing up from
the smallest of beginnings, brought from no foreign
land, borrowing its plan from no existing institu
tion. It grew under the pressure of an outward
need and the workings of an inward zeal, and
became the expression of a denominational sen
timent. Free in its blessings to all, it yet acknowl
edged its chief allegiance to those representative
Baptists who founded it.
The times that gave birth to this enterprise were
eventful. The second war with England had closed
with the Treaty of Ghent, Dec. 24, 1814, and Eng
lish domination in the colonies had ceased. The
country was stimulated by a new sense of freedom,
and the American idea of independence and undis
puted sovereignty in the Western World was for
the first time having full scope. Emigration, with
a fuller tide, was flowing west of the Hudson, and
carrying New England arts, manners, education,
religion, and thrift over this State, and through it
into the Western States.
One of these tides moved down the beautiful val
ley of the Chenango, and towns, villages, schools,
and churches sprung up in the valley and on the
hiil. Baptists had no college in the State of New
York, nor had they any schools for common educa
tion or for the education of the ministry. But no
Convention was called, no general concert of action,
no resolutions passed determining when, where, or
how. Almost unconsciously a seed was dropped,
a prayer was offered,
"Sink, little seed, in the earth s black mould,
Sink in your grave so wet and so cold ;
Earth I throw over you, darkness must rover you, 1
and the seed germinated and grew, almost unob
served, but vigorously.
In 1S17 thirteen men met. They gave one dol
lar each, and these thirteen dollars were the begin
ning of the endowment. Soon Dr. Baldwin, of
Boston, and thirty others gave 238 volumes, and
this was the beginning of the library. A room
was given in the chamber, and this was the bc-
irinnino- of the college buildings. Two students
ti O C3
came in poverty, Wade and Kincaid, and these
were the beginning of generations of students.
True, such beginnings did not seem auspicious.
Uut faith gave them superhuman energy. This
energy had push, and this again, vitalized by the
idea that Baptists must have an institution that
furnished a complete education, gave unexpected
development and growth.
The alumni, most of whom have graduated from
some one of the courses. academical, scientific,
collegiate, or theological,- number about 2700.
The first two students, Rev. Jonathan Wade, l).D. r
and Rev. Hugenio Kincaid. D.D.. and SO others,
went out as foreign missionaries: 21 are counted
as presidents of colleges; 88. professors and prin
cipals; 63, authors, legislators, and Congressmen.
The alumni are found in all the professions, but
the largest number are ministers of the gospel ; 130
have been honored with the Doctorate from differ
ent colleges and universities, and these alumni
are found in every quarter of the globe as true
representative men. The three schools have gradu
ated about as follows : from the theological semi
nary, 700 ; from the college or university, 830 - r
from the academy or grammar school, 1200.
The annual average of students in attendance is
about as follows: in the theological seminary, 35;
in the college or university, 102; in Colgate Acad
emy, 100. Ladies not counted in. The first class
that took the full college course of four years, and
graduated in 1836, numbered 26. 9 of whom are
still alive, and 8 of these now living have been
honored with the Doctorate. This class entered
about fifty years ago.
If you inquire after the faculty that has taught
this largo body of students, you will find that many
are gone, Rev. Nathaniel Kemlrick, D.D., Prof.
Daniel Ilascall, Prof. Seth S. Whitman, Prof. Joel
S. Bacon, D.D., Rev. George W. Eaton, D.D., LL.D.,
Stephen W. Taylor, LL.D., Rev. John S. Maginnis,
D.D., John II. Raymond, LL.D., Rev. Edmund
Turney, D.D., Prof. John F. Richardson, Ph.D.,
Rev. David Weston, D.D., Rev. Barnas Sears, D.I).
The following have resigned: Rev. Thomas J.
Conant, D.D., Rev. Asahel C. Kendrick. D.D.. Wil
liam Mather, M.D., Rev. George R. Bliss, D.D. r
Rev. Albert N. Arnold, D.D., Rev. Prof. Ezra S.
Gallup, Prof. Win. I. Knapp, Prof. Edward Jud-
son. Prof. A. S. Bickmore. Ph.D.
MADISON
736
MA I) IX ON
The following arc the present (acuity : Rev. E.
Dodge, D.D., LL.D.. Professor of Metaphysics and
Theology mid Pra ses ; Rev. P. B. Spear, JU>.. I
Professor of Hebrew and Latin Emeritus: Rev. j
A. M. Beebee, D.D., Professor of Logic and Horn- (
iletics: Rev. II. Harvey. D.D.. Professor of New
Testament Exegesis and Pastoral Theology ; L. M.
Osborn, LL.D.. Professor of Natural Sciences;
N. L. Andrews, Ph.D.. Professor of Creek Lan- |
guage and Literature; J. -I. Lewis, A.M., Pro- j
lessor of History. Literature, and Oratory; J. M.
Taylor, A.M., Professor of Mathematics : 0. Howes,
A.M., Professor of Latin and Modern Languages;
Rev. W. II. Maynard, D.D., Professor of Moral
Philosophy and Ecclesiastical History; Rev. W.
K. Brooks, D.D., Lecturer on Natural History;
Rev. S. Burnham, A.M., Professor of Hebrew and
Old Testament Exegesis; Rev. F. W. Towle, A.M.,
Professor of (ireek Language and Principal of the
Colgate Academy; E. P. Sisson, B.P., Professor
of Mathematics; J. W. Ford, A.M., Professor of
Latin Language: Ceo. II. Coffin, Professor of
Knglish and Natural Sciences.
The J mir 1 nnidciifx. There have been four
presidents. Dr. Nathaniel Kendrick, the first,
died Sept. 11, 1848, from a fall and lesion of the
spine, being seventy-two years old. He was
elected in 1836, but was virtually president during
the twenty-eight years of his connection with the
institution. He was tall, six feet four, well pro
portioned, of large brain, lofty forehead, and benev
olent expression. lie was easily primus inter
pares, and, of natural right, presided everywhere.
His influence was as far-reaching as his name. He
had a clear voice, an earnest look, and was truly
eloquent. He is well described by B. F. Taylor,
the "Jubilee" poet,
"I see Kendrick s grand form towering up like a king s,
I hear accents at first like the waving of wings;
Now he warms with his theme into true welding weather,
And the word and the blow are delivered together.
The thought and the thinker are all in a glow,
The glassed he whirls from his dome of a brow.
His words that were halting grow freer and holder,
And he strikes for the truth straight out from the shoulder.
It is Gabriel s trumpet and Gideon s sword,
Tis the pillar of fire and the breath of the Lord;
It is crash after crash with the tables of stone,
Tis the thrill of the thunder, the dread of the throne.
Then softer and sweeter his cadences grow ;
It was Sinai before, it is Calvary now."
Standing by Dr. Kendrick is Rev. Prof. Daniel
Hascall, who came to Hamilton in IS 12, and set
tled as the pastor of the Baptist church. To him
is accredited the original idea of a seminary in
Hamilton. Dr. Kendrick, in 1816, became pastor
of the church at Eaton. These two men supple
mented each other, and harmonized in every good
work. In 1820, when the school" was opened,
Hascall became Professor of Languages, and Ken
drick of Theology. JIascall continued eighteen
years and resigned. Kendrick remained till his
death.
Around these men rallied other stalwart men,
pioneers in the forest, in the churches, and in great
enterprises, Hon. .Jonathan Ohnsted, Judge Sam
uel Payne, Deacon William Colgate, Hon. Seneca
B. Burchard, Judge James Edmunds, and others,
men ready at all times for great sacrifices and
great achievements.
In 1851, Prof. Stephen W. Taylor, LL.D., was
elected second president. He; was graduated at
Hamilton College; had made teaching his life-
work; had been from 1834 to 1830 professor or
principal of the academy at this institution : had in
the mean time founded the university at Lewis-
burg, Pa., and, after the settlement of the question
of removal, returned to Hamilton. lie. was of the
Knglish type, square, strong built, methodical, firm
of purpose, a good organizer, and strong executive
officer. He was connected with the university in
different departments of instruction for eighteen
years, and left his mark on its history. He died
of disease of the spine, Jan. 7, 1850, at the age of
sixty-five.
In 1856, Rev. George W. Eaton, D.D., LL.D.,
-was elected the third president. In mind and
body he was cast in a large mould. His features
symmetrical, movements graceful, sympathies large,
of good nature, in satire powerful, his language
felicitous. He was a natural orator. In memory,
imagination, and description he was masterly. A
scene once before him, he could reproduce with all
the freshness and vividness of the reality. His re
in-ions emotions and convictions were strong, and
O
constituted the underlying current of his life, lie
was connected with the university in different ca
pacities as Professor of Mathematics, of History,
of Philosophy, of Theology, and as president for
forty years, and died Aug. 3, 1872, at sixty-eight
years of age.
The fourth president is Rev. Ebcnezer Dodge,
D.D., LL.D., elected in 1868. He has been con
nected with the university twenty-seven years as
Professor of the Evidences of Christianity, of Meta
physics, of Biblical Interpretation, of Theology, and
as president. He was graduated from Brown Uni
versity and Newton Theological Seminary, and has
earned a reputation as scholar, teacher, and author
that places him among the best thinkers of the
age.
The present faculty are well known among the
educators of our country. Some who have left us
deserve mention. Dr. Barnas Sears, the secretary
of the Peabody Fund and former president of
Brown : Dr. Thomas J. Conant, a well-known ex-
egete and translator : Dr. A. C. Kendrick. a Greek
scholar and author, have helped to make this uni-
MADISON
737
MA GAZfNE
versity. Then the writer s room-mate and class
mate and colleagues in the faculty, Dr. John II.
Raymond and Prof. J. F. Richardson, the one
president of Vassar and the other Professor of
Latin in Rochester, now both departed, have been
free to acknowledge their indebtedness chiefly to
this university for their success in life s work, and
to accept the credit in turn given for their hand in
this enterprise. What the university has done for
them it can do for all the loyal.
Financial Condition. The finances of them
selves would make a history, for these are the
rock-bottom on which human endeavor builds. It
should be noticed that since 1846 two corporations
have a hand in this enterprise. The Baptist Edu
cation Society for twenty-seven years had the sole
responsibility and management. For the last thirty-
three years the Madison University has had the
same in all except the nomination of theological
professors and the support of needy young men
for the ministry. All the salaries and running ex
penses of these three schools fall upon the Madison
University. The annual income needed for this
corporation is now about $40,000, the salaries alone
being S30.000.
It were vain to attempt a history of the night
and day struggles, of men who have had to dig a
channel and create a depth of current sufficient to
float this great enterprise. It were as easy to tell
of the hidden forces of nature which underlie all
her operations. Only results are known or seen.
When the university was chartered it had no
property. It had none in 1850 on the adjustment
of the removal controversy. It had only about
$52,000 in 1804 when the war closed. Without a
hired agency, the most quiet and energetic meas
ures were prosecuted to fill the treasury. The old
policy of borrowing and paying w T as set aside, and
the university put upon the most rigid cash sys
tem. For seventeen years, without debt or outside
assistance, except from liberal donors, the uni
versity has each year balanced its accounts, draw
ing nothing from endowment funds. No pledges
were counted or even reported till they were turned
into cash or its equivalent. The progress has not
been rapid, but of steady growth. In round num
bers : in 1864,802,000; in 1865,8121,000; in 1SOS,
8177,000; in 1870,8255.000; in 1874, S304.000 : in
1870, 8405,000 ; in 1880, 8430,000, for endowment
without debt.
Then the unproductive property, buildings,
grounds, library, museum, apparatus, president s
house, which have come of gifts within the last
sixteen years, amount to 8120.000 more, making
the whole sum raised since the Avar 8550,000.
These figures are independent of the Education
Society s accounts of scholarships, beneficiaries,
and agencies. Deacon Alva Pierce has been treas
urer of the Baptist Educational Society of New
York for the last forty-three years, and P. B. Spear
treasurer of Madison University for the last seven
teen years.
This university has acted directly and indirectly
on the schools and systems of instruction in our
country to stimulate the standard for higher at
tainments. It has acted on its own denomination
to lift it to a higher plane of moral power. It has
given origin to three other universities of similar
type, and has co-operated with like institutions to
mould the national mind and to give Americans
an enviable name among the nations of the earth.
To the above account of the financial prosperity
must be added a gift of 850.000. one-half to go to
Colgate Academy, given at Commencement in 1880
by Mr. James B. Colgate, of New York, as a thank-
offering for his rescue at sea in the winter of
1879-80. See also articles HAMILTON THEOLOGICAL
SEMINARV. COLGATE ACADEMY, and the biographical
articles of persons alluded to in this sketch. For
a full history, sec also the historical discourse of
President Eaton in Jubilee volume, or First Half-
Century of Madison University."
Magazine, Massachusetts Baptist Mission
ary, lias the honor of being the first periodical
publication by the Baptists of this country. It
was established by the Massachusetts Baptist Mis
sionary Society in September, 1803. The society
w r as organized somewhat more than a year before
its executive officers announced a periodical which
was felt to be necessary as a medium of communi
cation with the churches, to awaken interest in the
cause of missions, and to give publicity to the re
ports and letters of the missionaries in their employ
in different sections of the country. Only two
numbers, of thirty-two pages each, were issued the
first year, and two the second year. The twelfth
number of the volume was published Jan. I, 1808.
The second volume was completed in the next tw r o
years. The issues were somewhat irregular until
a new series was commenced in 1817. the numbers
being issued in alternate months till the close of
1824. Since that time it has been published each
month down to the present time. The area of its
operations was enlarged in 1826, after the removal
of the Foreign Mission Board to Boston, and it
became the organ of the Triennial Convention, and
when the Missionary Union was formed it held the
same relation to the new society. Until the close
of 1835 the contents of the magazine were of quite
a miscellaneous character, being largely biographies
of distinguished ministers and laymen, not always
Baptists, but persons of note in the other denomi
nations, essays on literary subjects, reviews, letters,
journals, etc. From the commencement of 1836
down to this date it is devoted to the publication
of articles bearing directly or indirectly on the
MA GOON
cause of foreign missions. As the organ of com
munication between the missionaries and the
churches it has rendered invaluable service to the
noble cause which it advocates. It is not, easy [ or
us to appreciate the eagerness with which in thou
sands of Baptist families the letters and journals
of Board man and -Judson, in the earlier history of
foreign missions, and those of Wade and Kincaid,
and Dean and Bixby, and very many others in later
times, have been read, and what an impulse; has
been given by their perusal to the great work of
evangelizing the nations of the earth. Steady im
provement in the magazine has been the aim of its j
editors. It may safely be said to take a high rank i
aiming the class of publications of which it is so !
i^ood a representative, comparing favorably with
the organ of the American Board of Commissioners
for Foreign Missions, tin Missionary Ifrrtild.
Magazine, The Baptist. Our English brethren
were occasionally troubled bv their relations with
The Evangelical Magazine. The profits of that
publication were to be divided among the widows
of Congregational and Baptist ministers. And it
was sometimes unkindly hinted that Baptist widows
needing its aid were more numerous than those
of Independent ministers. Besides, our English
brethren felt a crying need for a magazine to spread
the tidings of their missions fully before their
churches, and to discuss many denominational
questions. The Kaptist Magazine was established
in 1809, and it has rendered immense service to our
British brethren and to the cause of truth.
Magazine, The Baptist Family. This pic
torial monthly is published in Philadelphia. 1 a.
J. Eugene Reed, Esq., is editor and proprietor. Its
contents include tales, biographical sketches, notes
of travel, essays, poems, and editorials. It devotes
special attention to the following departments:
the young folks, literature, popular science, health
in the home, music and art notes, farm and kitchen,
and church and ministerial record. The pictures
are numerous and well chosen. The editor is one
of the most talented young men in the denomina
tion, he is an earnest Baptist, and his magazine is
full of interest and instruction. The young and
tl e old read it with delight and profit.
Magee, Rev. John, son of Rev. Thomas Magee.
was born in Cork, Ireland, but converted and bap
tized in St. Stephen, New Brunswick -, studied at
the Baptist Seminary, Fredericton : was ordained
pastor of the Baptist church, Mangerville, New
Brunswick, in 1840; was pastor at Macknaquack
and Nashwaak, and performed much missionary
work. Died Dec. 23, 18(51, after a useful ministry
of twenty years.
Magee, Rev. Thomas, was born in Ireland ;
converted and baptized in the city of Cork ; or
dained in New Brunswick. March. 1X31 ; labored
as an evangelist extensively, not only in New
Brunswick, but also in the State of Maine. lie
served the Baptist denomination in a faithful min
istry of over twenty years.
Maginnis, John Sharp, D.D., was born of
Scotch-Irish parents, in Butler Co., Pa.. June 13.
ISO."). II<; was brought up a Presbyterian. He
was converted young, in \ ernon, ()., and united
with the Baptist church in that place. Ho re
ceived his literary and theological training in
Watervillc College, Brown University, and Newton
Theological Seminary. In October, 1X32, he was
ordained pastor of the Baptist church of Portland.
Me., and soon the community had such an increase
that a second church was established. In 1X3X he
accepted the professorship of Biblical Theology in
the institution at Hamilton. In this position he
continued with great usefulness until he accepted
the chair of Biblical and Pastoral Theology in the
new seminary connected with the University of
Rochester, and the professorship of Intellectual
and Mural Philosophy in the university at the same
time. He died Oct. 15, 1852.
In 1844 he received the degree of Doctor of Di
vinity from Brown University.
Dr. Maginnis was a vigorous Calvinist, and his
students went forth with Paul s doctrines enshrined
in their hearts or living in their minds to con
found the Arminianism which they brought to the
seminary, and which prejudice would not permit
them to renounce.
He was a man of very extensive and varied learn
ing, often reaching into the distant Christian past,
so largely given up to Romanists and Anglicans.
He had a powerful and penetrating, as well as a
highly-cultured mind. He had not main equals in
his dav, and very few superiors, as an acute reasoner.
While not offensive in his independence, he was
unbending when truth required it. or wisdom
seemed to demand it.
lie was a devout Christian in the minute as well
as in the grandest relations of the soul. The
churches lost a noble leader and heaven gained a
mighty soul when John Sharp Maginnis left his
frail body for the skies.
Magoon, Elias Lyman, D.D., was born in
Lebanon. N. II., Oct. 20. 1X10. His grandfather
was a Baptist minister, and a participator in the
scenes of the Revolution ; his father an architect,
who enjoyed considerable success in his profession
and endured protracted sickness.
At sixteen years of age young Magoon was ap
prenticed to the bricklayer s trade, which he fol
lowed to his twentieth year, and by the use of his
trowel during his vacations, and in the intervals of
study, supported himself through ten years of pre
paratory studies at New Hampton Academy, "Water-
ville College, and Newton Theological Institution.
M AGO ON
He was ordained the night after graduating, in
1839, and he immediately settled at Richmond, Va.,
as pastor of the Second Baptist church, where he
remained six years. A beautiful new edifice was
KI.IAS I.YMA.V MACOON. D.I).
erected, and all was prosperous until the division
arose in the denomination on the question of slavery,
which took place while the young pastor was in
Europe.
Returning speedily, ho quietly resigned, and
was at once called to the Ninth Street Baptist
church, Cincinnati, but remained in Richmond
until a successor was procured. He served in Cin
cinnati four years, and in 1S49 removed to New
York, as pastor of the Oliver Street Baptist church.
In IS") 7 he took charge of the First Baptist church
in Albany, whore he remained ten years, and from
it removed to the. Broad Street Baptist church,
Philadelphia, whore he still labors.
Rarely sick, this busy preacher has not been out
of employment a single Sunday for forty years.
His large and liberal congregation have just cele
brated his seventieth birthday with unanimous con
gratulations, and both loader and people seem never
to have been under more favorable auspices than
now.
The usual honors of A.B. and A.M. were con
ferred at Watorvillo, now Colby University ; and,
in 1853, Rochester University added the D.I).
Dr. Magooivs published works are " Orators
of the American Revolution (New York, 1848);
"Living Orators in America" (Now York. 1849) ;
"Proverbs for the People" (Boston. 1848): " Re-
publican Christianity" (Boston, 1849) ; and "West
ward Empire (New York, 1850). In their day
many of these books were sold, but now are out of
print.
Dr. Magoon possesses extensive culture, manly
independence, a large; heart, an unsullied record.
and the warm love of throngs in and out of Phila
delphia. His ministry has been greatly blessed.
and his name is favorably known all over the land.
Main, A. H., is a native of Plain field. Otsogo
Co.. N. Y., where he was born June 22, 1824. His
parents wore Alfred and Semantha Main. His
father removed from Connecticut to Now York
in his youth, and thence, in 1840. to Dam; Co..
Wis., which has since been the family home. Mr.
Main was educated in the common schools of
Xew York. He engaged in mercantile business,
and continued it after his removal to Madison.
Wis., in 1856, until 180(1. That year he became
cashier of the Sun Prairie Bank, which position he-
held until he closed the business, in 18C>3. For
many years Mr. Main has been at the head of one
of the largest insurance oilices in Madison, and in
fact in the Northwest.
When quite young he united with the Baptist
church. He is well known by the denomination
in the State, and in his own Association, as well as
in the State work, he has borne a generous and ac
tive part. In his own church at Madison he is a
trusted leader: and in the Christian and philan
thropic enterprises of the city he is one of the
most able and earnest workers.
Maine Baptists. The oldest incorporated town
in what is now the State of Maine was Kittery.
The presence of Baptist sentiments was recognized
not far from the year 1081. A few Baptists were
among the earlier settlers of this place. Among
the more prominent of these was William Screveri,
who suffered no small amount of persecution from.
the standing order" on account of his persistent
adherence to Baptist principles. A church was
formed in 1682, but in loss than a year it was
broken up and its members scattered. From the
dissolution of the church in Kittery, a period of
eighty-five years elapsed before the appearance of
any other organized body of Baptists. In 1708 a
church was formed in Berwick from persons con
verted under the preaching of Rev. Dr. lle/.ekiah
Smith. That church lived through all the fiery
trials of persecution, and is to-day the flourishing
church of South Berwick. In a few years other
churches were formed. As the district of Maine
was settled. Baptist principles everywhere spread
and new churches were organized. In the State there
are now 13 Associations, embracing 261 churches,,
with a membership of nearly 21,000 persons.
The Maine Baptist Convention was formed in
1824. Its officers are: President, Rev. II. E.
M.UOIf
740
MALCOM
Robins, D.I). : Vice-President, Rev. S. L. B. Chase;
Recording Secretary. Rev. IT. S. Burraire: Cor-
responding Secretary, J. Ricker, !>.!>. Its perma-
nent invested funds are $9700, and its income from
sill sources as reported at its last meeting 8400.91.
The Maine Baptist Charitable Society has for its
object to contribute to the wants of indigent min
isters and to the needy families of deceased minis
ters. The president is P. Bonney, F,sq.
The Maine Baptist Education Society furnishes
aid to young men in a course of preparation for the
Christian ministry. Its funds amount to nearly
$3000. The president of the society is Key. J.
McWhinnie.
The Baptists of Maine constitute one of the
strongest and most efficient denominational bodies
in the country. Their college, Colby University,
with the three academic institutions having a vital
connection with it. the Waterville Classical Insti
tute, Hebron Academy, and Hootton Academy,
furnish tbe best facilities for the higher education
of the young. An able ministry is guiding and
moulding the churches. The spirit of benevolence
pervades these churches, and they will compare
favorably with other churches in their contributions
to all good causes. Every year marks progress
and religious enterprise. The Baptists of Maine
have no reason to be ashamed of their past record,
or of the position which they now hold among the
other religious communities of the State.
Major, Samuel C., a deacon of the Fayette
church, was born in Franklin Co., Aug. 26, ISO").
In 1826 he removed to Fayette Co., Mo. Seven of
eleven children survive him. One of them is Hon.
Samuel C. Major, .Jr. Jn 1832, Mr. Major was
elected a justice of the peace, and held the office
for thirteen years. In LS40 he was appointed pub
lic administrator. At different times he was mayor
of the city of Fayette. He was alive to the public
good and to religious interests.
In 1843 he made a profession of faith in Christ,
and united with the Fayette Baptist church. He
was for years the efficient president of the executive
board of the General Association of Missouri. He
left for his family the rich legacy of a well-spent
life, whose characteristics were unfeigned modesty,
strict integrity, genuine friendship, and devoted
piety. He died March 13, 1880, aged seventy-five
years.
Malcom, Howard, D.D., LL.D., was born in
Philadelphia. Pa., -Jan. 19, 1799. His father was
of Scotch descent, and his mother a lineal descend
ant of Hugh Roberts, a distinguished Welsh Friend
preacher, who was on terms of intimacy with Win.
.Penn. Howard s father died at the age of twenty-
three, in 1801, leaving his wife and child to the
care of her father. John Howard, a retired mer
chant. This irrand father died when Howard was
nine years of age, and Mrs. Malcom devoted her
self to the education of her only child. In 1813
he was placed at school in Burlington, X. J.. to be
prepared for college, and in September, 18H, he
IIOU AKI) MA I. COM. !>.!>. . 1,1. .D.
entered Dickinson College, at the aire of fifteen.
Most of the students here were insubordinate, and
a serious difficulty between students and professors
terminated, in April. 181"). in the closing of the in
stitution. In 181."), Howard entered a counting-
house to prepare for the life of a merchant, which
had long been his ambition. While here, he says
in his diary, August, 181"), I have for some time
past been tormented with the fear of dying," the
first indication of an awakened conscience. In
December an accident to his knee confined him to
his room for three weeks, and lie says, " This was
one of the most merciful providences of God to me.
The pain was not so great as to prevent my read
ing. ... I learnt more about the Bible than I
knew before altogether." On January 1. 1816. lie
related his experience before the Sansom Street
Baptist church, and on the 16th of January this
entry appears in his diary, " Have been much dis
turbed lately with an idea that intrudes itself upon
all occasions, vi/,.. that I must shortly quit the
counting-house and prepare to go out and proclaim
the glad tidings." . . . He was licensed to preach
in 1818; entered Princeton Seminary soon after,
where he remained until 1820. During these
formative years, from 1816 to 1820. young Mal-
com s experiences, as given copiously in his diary,
were most deep and interesting, and characterized
UALCOM
J/ ALL ART
by a singular maturity of thought and independence
of action. But space here only permits a very
brief sketch. He was ordained in April, 1820, was
married to Miss Lydia Sheilds May 1, 1820, and in
the same month became pastor of the Baptist church
at Hudson, X. Y. Here he remained until 1820,
when he became first general agent of the American
Sunday-School Union. In this capacity he spent
nearly two-years, and visited all the principal cities
of the country in establishing auxiliary societies
and local depositories, in raising funds, and in the
performance of the varied duties of this responsible
mission. In November, 1827, Mr. Maicom became
pastor of 1 ederal Street church in Boston. His
success with this church was very great. He was
also a member of various boards and societies, and
he delivered a great many lectures. lie was the
author, in 182^, of his "Bible Dictionary, which
was immensely popular, reaching a circulation of
over 200,000 copies, and it is still sold. He also
prepared for the press a work on the " Extent of
the Atonement," and one on " The Christian Rule
of Marriage," both of which had a large sale. He
edited "Law s Call, Henry s Communicant s
Companion," and Thomas a Kempis s " Imitation
of Christ." Under these labors his health gave
way, and in 1831 he spent eight months with his
wife in visiting the countries of Europe. In De
cember, 1833, his beloved wife died. In 1835, Mr.
Maicom was obliged to resign his pastorate because
his voice failed him, and in September, having been
chosen to visit foreign missionary stations by the
Triennial Convention in Boston, he sailed for Bur-
raah, remaining two and a half years. The issue
of this important journey was in the missionary
field a cementing and unifying of the labors of our
missionaries, and in this country, upon his return,
the result was a general increase of interest and
contributions for missionary purposes. These were
accomplished by his numerous lectures in different
parts of the country, and the publication of " Mal-
com s Travels," a work of GOO pages, which at once
became a standard both in this country and Great
Britain. Upon his return he could not resume his
pastorate, as his voice had not been restored. In
1838 he married Miss Anne R. Dyer, of Boston,
and in 1840 he was simultaneously elected to the
presidency of Shurtleff College, 111., and George
town College, Ky. He accepted the latter early in
1840. Under his fostering care and indomitable
industry the institution received a great impulse.
In 1842 he received from Dickinson College the
degree of A.M., and the degree of D.D. at the same
time from the University of Vermont and Union
College, New York. In 1849 he resigned the pres
idency of Georgetown College, and within a few
weeks was called to the pastorate of the Sansom
Street church, Philadelphia, and again to the pres
idency of Shurtleff College. He accepted the
former. This church of his youth was riot long
permitted to have the benefit of his labors, for in
1851 he became the president of the university at
Lewisburg, Pa. About this time he edited "But
ler s Analogy," with a very full conspectus, which
is now used largely as a text-book. After six years
of successful labor for the university, Dr. Maicom
resigned to complete his " Index to Religious Lit
erature," which was published in 18<>9. During
theseyears he became deeply interested in building
up the American Baptist Historical Society, and to
this noble work be was devoted to the end of his
life. He w T as for many years the president of this
society, as well as of the American Peace Society,
senior vice-president of the Pennsylvania Coloniza
tion Society, and was one of the founders of the
American Tract Society. In 1878 he sustained a
severe trial in the loss of his esteemed and beloved
wife, and from this time all his powers rapidly
failed, and he died in Philadelphia in March, 1879,
in the eighty-first year of his age, a member of the
church in which he was converted, baptized, li
censed, and ordained. A noble eulogy was pro
nounced by one in the expressive words, " It would
be difficult to name any good cause to which his
heart had not been given."
Mallary, Charles Button, D.D., was born in
West Poultney, Yt., Jan. 23, 1801, and died July
31, 18(i4. He graduated with the first honor at
Middlebury College. Yt., in August, 1817; was
baptized and joined the church in 1822 ; and the
same year moved to South Carolina, where he was
ordained in 1824, at Columbia. There he married
Miss Susan Mary Evans, granddaughter of Rev.
Edmund Botsford. In 1830 he removed to Au
gusta, Ga., and took charge of the Augusta Baptist
church. Four years afterwards he became pastor
of the church at Milledgeville, but resigned to be
come the agent for Mercer University, in 1837,
laboring as such for three years, when he began a
life of evangelistic and pastoral labors for various
churches in Middle and Western Georgia, which
continued until 1852. when he retired to his farm,
near Albany, where he resided, in feeble health,
until his death, in 1864. In 1840 he married his
second wife, Mrs. Mary E. Welch, a lady of superior
worth and talents, who preceded him to the skies
by two years.
Dr. Mallary was a man of most uncommon piety,
and exerted a more wholesome influence than any
other man of the denomination in the State. No
other stood higher in the esteem of the brethren :
nor did any other of his day, in the truest sense, do
more for the cause of God and the denomination in
the State. Dawson was a more brilliant orator,
and Crawford was more learned and scholarly,
but neither surpassed him in the highest and best
MALLAHY
742
XALLAHY
characteristics, as a preacher. He had clear views
of divine truth, and a deep experience of its sanc
tifying power in the heart. His voice was com
manding ; his elocution distinct and forcible ; his
OIIAKLKS 1)1 TTON" MAI.l.AKV. D.I).
imagination splendid ; his language chaste, and his
address affectionate and persuasive. While emi
nently pure and clear, his style was often ornate, and
sometimes arose to sublimity. lie loved to preach
Christ crucified as the only foundation of a sinner s
hope, and to exhibit a sovereign God, working all
things after the counsel of his own will. These
high themes he discussed with a clear head and a
warm heart, and rendered them eminently practical
bv the manner in which he pressed them on the
consciences of his hearers. Thoroughly instructed
in the Scriptures, profoundly conversant with the
workings of experimental religion, and knowing
well " the windings and doublings of man s de
ceitful heart, he was exactly fitted to take it cap
tive with the sweet influences of revealed truth.
lie had the happy talent of introducing religious
subjects in his conversation with others, and of
directing their attention to the great interests of
eternity. To those who knew him intimatelv his
conversation was simply delightful, for a spirit of
piety pervaded almost every sentence of his dis
course ; and the power of a well-cultivated mind
added interest and instruction to the other charms
of his conversation. In all that he did and said
his profound spirituality shone conspicuously as the
distinguishing feature of his character. If any man
ever had the full assurance of hope it was he, for
his faith in God seemed to know no misgiving. His
chief joy was in the worship of God, and scarcely
any possible contingency was permitted to inter
rupt his family and private devotions. At the do
mestic alhtr and in the closet he held sweet com
munion with the Father of spirits, and came forth
to his public ministrations and religious efforts
richly imbued with the spirit of his divine Master.
Kverywhere he exhibited a beautiful consistency
of Christian character. lie maintained always a
close walk with God. Ilis aim in life; was to pro
mote the glory of God and the good of mankind.
Kvery personal interest was subordinated to this
sublime purpose. No narrow-mindedness checked
his expansive charity, for his benevolence embraced
the whole human race, the needy at his own door,
and the heathen at the ends of the earth.
Ilis private life was as pure as his sentiments
were exalted, and in all his relations with his
brethren lie was a model of gentleness and unselfish
Christian courtesv. IleAvas distinguished for his
controlling and peaceful influence in our denomi
national councils, lie was most skillful and prompt
to adopt measures in promotion of harmony and
efficiency, and, by word and deed, led his brethren
onward in the way of truth and righteousness, and
in extending the Redeemer s kingdom throughout
the world. When money was needed for the in
terests of the churches and for the spread of the
gospel, he was a liberal contributor and a most suc
cessful agent in procuring the gifts of others. His
example and influence survive in the memory of
thousands ; the seeds of truth which he has sown
are still growing and bringing forth fruit in the
lives and hearts of many who heard his voice;. Be
sides thjese he has left written memorials which will
he read with interest and profit for many years to
come, among which are his memoirs of Mercer and
Botsford, and that most excellent book entitled
" Soul Prosperity." While a man of strong convic
tions and determined purposes, he was as meek and
gentle as a lamb. With a will as determined as ever
moved a despot, it was so tempered and subdued
by grace that it would bear all things, believe all
things, hope all things, endure all things. Ilis self-
control seemed to be complete ; no unkind word or
hasty speech, or anything to stain a most consistent
and holy life, ever escaped his lips or characterized
his actions. He never entered the arena of strife,
but would pour oil on the troubled waters, and turn
away anger by soft words, and with melting tender
ness reprove the erring. So profound was his
piety that nothing ever seemed to disturb it. The
expression of his countenance when in the pulpit
was tender and heavenly. While replete with
doctrinal truth, his sermons were full of tenderness
and pathos, his greatest strength consisting in what
rhetoricians have denominated unction ; for, as he
MALL ART
743
MANIA
stood in the pulpit, his audience felt that they were
in the presence of a man of God. It was this,
united to his native good sense, which gave him
such influence in religious deliberative assemblies,
and secured for him the most profound attention,
and rendered his suggestions most likely to meet
the approval of his brethren ; and it was this, imbu
ing all his words and actions, which gave him such
spiritual power among his brethren, and made him
a pillar in the denomination, and which yet gives
his memory a fragrance among Georgia Baptists.
Dr. Mallary was a warm advocate of temperance,
missionary societies and Sunday-schools, and to the
very end of life continued to preach whenever phys
ically able. Though so energetic and laborious
during his whole ministry, his services to God and
his generation were performed with a feeble body,
especially in the last years of his life, when he was
subject to frequent attacks of nervous disease, at
tended with violent pain in the head. His death
was peaceful and happy, and his last expression,
uttered while gently clapping his hands, was,
" Sweet, sweet home !"
Mallary, Hon. Rollin C., was born in Cheshire,
Conn., May "27, 1784. Ten years after his birth
his parents removed to Poultney, Vt. lie was a
graduate of Middlebury College, in the class of
]<S05. He studied law with Horatio Seymour at
Middlebury, and Robert Temple at Rutland, and
was admitted to the Rutland County bar in March,
1807. lie soon became a leading lawyer in the
county, and for five years was State attorney. He
was elected a member of Congress in 1819, and
took his seat in the House of Representatives Jan.
13, 1S20. lie had several re-elections, and re
mained a member continuously until his death.
He gained a prominent position in Congress, sec
ond, perhaps, to no other member from New Eng
land in his time, and particularly distinguished
himself as a friend and advocate of the "protective
system." At the commencement of the Twentieth
Congress he was made chairman of the Committee
on Manufactures, and reported the tariff of 1828,
and his efficient efforts doubtless contributed largely
to secure its passage.
Mr. Mallary died at Baltimore, Md., in 1831,
while on his return home from Washington.
Maltby, Rev. Clark 0., was bom in Rutland,
N. Y., .July 19, 1830; educated at the Normal
College at Albany, from which he graduated in
1858. Mr. Maltby devoted a number of years to
teaching and mercantile pursuits, in both of which
he was very successful. Hearing the call of God
to preach the gospel, he entered Rochester Theo
logical Seminary in 1874, and graduated in 1877.
Before he completed his course he received the
unanimous call of the Baptist church in Madison,
Wis., to its pastorate. He entered upon his labors
here in the autumn of 1877. The church had been
in a very dispirited condition for a number of
years. Through Mr. Maltby s pastorate a great
change has been effected. The house of worship
has been thoroughly repaired, a new organ pur
chased, a fine congregation gathered, and the future
of the church is full of promise. lie occupies one
of the most important fields in the State, the cap
ital of the Commonwealth. lie is bringing to his
work the practical wisdom gained by large experi-
t encc with men in business relations, mature and
finely cultured intellectual powers, and a heart
aglow with love for the highest and holiest calling.
lie has won in his brief ministry the place of a
trusted shepherd in his flock, that of a Christian
gentleman in the city, and that of a useful and re
spected minister of Christ throughout the State.
Mangam, William D., was born in Croton,
Westchester Co., N. Y. : an uncommon man, with
acute, strong, comprehensive mind, and noble,
generous impulses ; started in the city of New
York without capital, and became one of the
largest and most successful commission merchants ;
but lived not for himself; was an unswerving Bap
tist in his principles; bequeathed to the Clinton
Avenue Baptist church of New York City, of
which he was a member, a property worth $60,000 ;
was habitually benevolent, and always active and
noble.
Manly, Basil, D.D., was born in Chatham Co.,
N. C., Jan. 25, 1798; bapti/.ed Aug. 26, 1816, and
licensed to preach in 1818. He graduated at the
College of South Carolina. Dec. 3, 1821, with the
first honor, when honors wen; given to such men
as Preston, Pettigrew, and O Neal. He was or
dained in 1822. His first settled pastorate was at
Edgefield Court-House, S. C., where the savor of
his influence is yet felt. In March, 1826, he be
came pastor of the First Baptist church in Charles
ton. Seldom has a pastor been so loved by all, saint
and sinner, old and young.
After about ten years of most successful labor in
Charleston he became president of the State Uni
versity of Alabama. He was the controlling spirit
of the university, and it enjoyed unwonted pros
perity for eighteen years under his administration.
In 1855 he returned to Charleston as pastor of
the Wentmouth Street church. After four years
of fruitful toil, he was again recalled to Alabama
as State evangelist, a position for which he was
peculiarly fitted, and his labors were abundantly
blessed.
lie spent the close of his life with his son, Rev.
B. Manly, Jr., professor in the Southern Baptist
Theological Seminary, at Greenville, S. C. It was
a great pleasure to him to see the institution in
successful operation for which he had so long
labored and prayed. Doubtless he could have
MANLY
744
MANNING
adopted the language of Simeon: "Lord, now lot-
test thou thy servant depart in peace, lor mine
eyes have seen thy salvation."
1JASM. MA.VI.Y, D.I).
Dr. Manly was one of the most distinguished
ministers with which the Spirit of (Jod ever blessed
the Baptist denomination.
Manly, Basil, Jr., D.D., LL.D., son of the dis
tinguished Dr. Basil Manly, of South Carolina, was
Lorn in Edgcfield District, S. C., Dec. 19. 1825.
After attending a preparatory school in Charles
ton, he became a student at the State University
of Alabama, where he graduated in 1843. lie
then entered Newton Theological Seminary, where
he remained for a time, and subsequently gradu
ated at Princeton, lie was licensed to preach at
Tuscaloosa, Ala., in 1844, where he was ordained
in 1848. lie preached two years to several country
churches in Alabama. In 1850 he accepted a call
to the First Baptist church in Richmond, Va. His
health failing, in 1854 he superintended the erec
tion of a building, costing 70,000, for the Richmond
Female Institute, of which he became principal.
In 1859, when the Southern Baptist Theological
Seminary was established at Greenville, S. C., he
was elected one of its original professors. While
the seminary was suspended during the war he
preached to several churches in the neighborhood.
Upon the re-opening of the seminary he resumed
his professorship, in addition to which he col
lected money for the support of students, by means
of which nearly a hundred young men were en
abled to attend the institution. In 1871 he ac
cepted the presidency of Georgetown College, which
position he occupied until 1879, when he again ac
cepted a professorship in the Southern Baptist
Theological Seminary, now located at Louisville,
Ky. lie is regarded as a man of extensive learn
ing and critical scholarship, and is still more highly
esteemed for his meek and quiet spirit" and his
constant devotion to the cause of Christ.
Manly, Rev. C. G., was born in Ilamden. (leauga
Co., 0.. Jan. 14, 1834; converted and baptized in
|s51. lie attended the district school and Burton
Academy, and studied at Kalama/oo and Franklin
Colleges, lie was ordained at Rolling Prairie. Ind.,
in February, 181)5, and was pastor of the church
there one year; was missionary colporteur of the
I5apti>t Publication Society for Northern Indiana
to Southern Michigan one year ; organi/ed the
church at Three Oaks, Mich., during this year and
became their pastor, and continued with them four
years, lie came to Kansas in November, 1809,
and organi/ed the second Baptist church west
of Emporia : assisted in constituting what is now
known as the Southwestern Kansas Baptist As
sociation, in October, 1871. He has been pastor
of the Augusta church four years. During the
fifteen years that he has been in the ministry
he has supervised the building of three meeting
houses and the repairing of two. lie is a modest,
but faithful and efficient pastor.
Manly, Charles, D.D., was the son of Dr. Basil
and Sarah M. Manly, May 2s, 18,37. in Charleston,
S. C. lie was prepared for college at Tuscaloosa,
Ala., in the school of R. Furman. and was grad
uated from the University of Alabama July 11,
1855; was baptized April 24, 1853: licensed to
preach by the Tuscaloosa Baptist church Oct. 2,
1855 ; was graduated from the Princeton Theologi
cal Seminary, N. J., April 29, 1859, and was or
dained pastor of the church in Tuscaloosa, Ala.,
June 19, 1859. Dr. Manly continued in this field
of labor jintil called to the pastorate of the church
in Murfreesborough, Tenn., Sept. 24, 1871, whence
he removed to Staunton, Va., as pastor of the church
there, Oct. 12, 1873. Dr. Manly was connected,
either as professor or president, from 1860 to 1873,
with the Alabama Female College; and. as presi
dent, w r ith Union University, Murfreesborough,
Tenn., from September, 1871, to September, 1873.
The degree of A.M. Avas conferred upon him by
the University of Alabama in 1859, and the degree
of D.I), by William Jewell College in 1872. Dr.
Manly has contributed frequently to the Religious
Herald. In his pastoral labors he has been very
successful, and is a polished and vigorous preacher.
He is now pastor of the church at Greenville, S. C.,
where he labors with great acceptance and use
fulness.
Manning, Eev. Edward, pre-eminent among
MA XX ING
745
MAXXIXG
the founders of the Baptist denomination in the
Maritime Provinces, was born in 17 50, in Ireland;
brought up in Falmouth, Nova Scotia; awakened
by hearing Henry Alline pray, in .1784; converted
April 29, 1789, under the ministry of Kev. John
Payzant, and -soon began to evangelize ; had a re
vival at Kingsclear, New Brunswick, 1793 : or
dained Oct. 19, 1795 ; renouncing Pedobaptisin,
was immersed, in 1797, in Lower Granville, by
llev. Thomas llandley Chipman ; became pastor
of the Regular Baptist church, Cornwallis, Nova
Scotia, Jan. 27, 18US, and continued in it till his
death, -Jan. 12. 1851 ; united in forming the Bap
tist Association, June 23, 1800 ; was a firm friend
of Ilorton Academy and Acadia College. Edward
Manning possessed a massive and powerful intel
lect, much firmness, keen penetration, great ad
ministrative ability, deep Christian experience;
was a profound theologian and a very useful min
ister of Christ.
Manning, James, D.D. So identified was the
life of James Manning with Brown University that
the history of the earlier years of that institution is
also the history of his life. He was its first presi
dent, we might almost say its founder, and he ceased
not from laboring for it till the hand of death in
terposed. The twenty-six years of his connection
with the college were years calling forth the high
est administrative and financial ability, the utmost
prudence and indomitable perseverance ; years al
ways crucial to a young and financially feeble in
stitution, but doubly so by the poverty consequent
on the war of the Revolution. How ably he accom
plished the arduous task that befell him the high
position that Brown University occupies among
the colleges of our country sufficiently attests.
James Manning was the son of Isaac and Cath
erine Manning, and was born at Elizabethtown,
N. J.. Oct. 22, 173S. About the age of eighteen he
went to Hopewell, N. J., to prepare for college,
under the instruction of the Rev. Isaac Eaton. In
1758 he entered the College of New Jersey, where
he graduated four years later with the highest
honors of his class. It was at the beginning of
his college course that he made a public profession
of his faith, and shortly after his graduation he
entered the ministry. His marriage to -Margaret
Stites occurred in 1763, and a year was spent by
him in traveling extensively through the country.
There was a strong feeling among the Baptists
of their need of an educated ministry, and the
Philadelphia Association, which met in 1762. re
solved to attempt the establishment of a denom
inational college in Rhode Island, and to Mr. Man
ning was intrusted the carrying out of this object.
A charter was obtained from the General Assembly
in 1764 authorizing the establishment of the Col
lege of Rhode Island.
48
Mr. Manning then removed to the town of War
ren, about ten miles from Providence, where he es
tablished a grammar-school, which soon became a
nourishing institution. It was removed to Provi-
JAMES MAVMN C, D.I).
donee in 1770, and is now in existence as the Uni
versity Grammar-School. A church was organ
ized in Warren the same year, 1764, and Mr.
Manning was called to the pastorate. In 1765 he
was formally appointed " President of the College
of Rhode Island, and Professor of Languages, and
other branches of learning, with full power to act
in these capacities at Warren and elsewhere." The
college opened at Warren in 1766 with one student.
Three others, however, joined within a few days,
and at the first commencement 1769 a class of
seven was graduated.
In 1767 was formed the Warren Association,
comprising at first but four churches, but it soon
extended over New England. Mr. Manning was
a prominent and useful member of this body, sev
eral times being chosen moderator. The Associa
tion was of much benefit to the college, giving it
material aid and strength.
It was decided in 1770 that the time had come
for the erection of a college building, and Provi
dence was selected for the site, the town and county
subscribing JC4200 as an inducement thereto. The
officers and under-graduates accordingly removed
from Warren to Providence, and during the course
of the year University Hall was erected. Mr. Man
ning having resigned the pastorate of the Warren
church, and the pastor of the First Baptist church
MANXfXG
MANNING
of Providence being desirous of retiring 1 roui the
duties of liis office, that church invited President
Manning to preach for them, and in 1771 called
him to be their pastor. His power in the pulpit
was great, and during his pa* fr "">,te the church was
much blessed. Many additions were made to its
membership, and several revivals were! experienced,
that of 1774 resulting in 104 conversions. The in
creased prosperity and membership of the church
under .Mr. Manning s charge made necessary the
erection of a new house of worship. With the view
also of holding there the commencement exercises
of the college, the church was designed and made
to be the largest and finest church edifice of the
denomination in the colonies.
President Manning continued his arduous and
multifarious duties as president, professor, and
pastor till the breaking out of the war of the Rev
olution. The college had been growing in reputa
tion and usefulness, and was fast attaining that
high position and influence it now occupies. But
the capture of the town by the British forces neces
sitated the closing of the college, the building being
occupied by them as barracks. After their de
parture it was used as a hospital by the American
and French forces, and not till 1782 was the course
of instruction permanently resumed. Meanwhile,
President Manning occupied himself with his pas
toral labors, and efforts for the amelioration of the
distress so prevalent during that period.
In 1780, President Manning was chosen by the
General Assembly to represent Rhode Island in the
Confederation of the States. He was induced to
accept the position in the hope of gaining from
Congress an appropriation for the nse made of the
college by the allied forces during the struggle for
independence. He was granted leave of absence
by the college and church from March until Sep
tember, when he returned and resumed his duties.
The articles of the Confederation of the States
proving inadequate for the purpose designed, a
union upon a new basis was proposed. Our na
tional Constitution, framed at Philadelphia in 1787,
was adopted by a few of the States with serious op
position, but in some of them, and especially in
New England, there was great danger of its final
rejection. Dr. Manning, though holding no politi
cal oflice, was deeply interested in the result, be
lieving that upon the adoption of the Constitution
the future prosperity of the country depended. lie
attended the debates on the measure in Boston, and
the favorable action of Rhode Island was in a large
deirree due to his counsels and influence.
Dr. Manning had long felt that his collegiate
duties were too great to allow him to give the care
his church required, and in 1791 he requested the
appointment of a successor. In April of this year
he preached his farewell sermon. He had the year
previous expressed a desire to be relieved from his
collegiate duties, but before the request had been
complied with he was stricken with apoplexy, and
his useful life was ended July 29, 1791, in the
fifty-third year of his age.
Manning, Rev. James, another founder of the
Baptist denomination in Nova Scotia, was born in
Ireland in 1764 ; brought up in Falmouth, Nova
Scotia, and awakened under Henry Allinc s min
istry ; converted in 1789, and joined the Congre
gational church, Rev. -John Payzant, pastor; com
menced to preach in 1792 ; evangelized with his
brother Edward in New Brunswick, in 1793 : in
1796, James, renouncing Pedobaptism, was im
mersed by Rev. Thomas Handley Chipman. After
returning from a second tour with Edward in New
Brunswick and Maine, he was ordained pastor of
the church in Lower Granville, Sept. 10, 1798, and
continued in this position to his death, May 27,
1818. James Manning was an earnest Christian
and a faithful minister, a wise counselor and peace
maker in the church of God. His grandson, Rev.
J. W. Manning, is now the useful pastor of the
North church, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Manning, Rev. Reuben Elias, late one of
the principals of Wayland Academy, a native of
Penfield, Monroe Co., N. Y., was born March 31,
1840. His parents removed while he was quite
young to Salem, Mich., where he spent his child
hood and youth, receiving in the common schools
of the neighborhood the rudiments of an education.
He devoted himself for a number of years to agri
cultural pursuits with marked success. As the re
sult of his excellent management he became the
owner of a fine farm, and was one of the most suc
cessful men in that calling in his neighborhood.
lie obtained a hope in Christ in 1858, and united with
the Baptist church. He had frequent convictions
that he was called to preach the gospel, and finally,
in 1869, he abandoned farming and began to prepare
for the work of the ministry. He graduated from
Kalama/oo College, Mich., in 1873, and from the
Baptist Theological Seminary at Chicago in 1874.
Before graduating he received a call to the pastor
ate of the Baptist church in Beaver Dam, Wis., and
was ordained by this church Feb. 28, 1874. His
pastorate- here was one of marked success, the
church growing in numbers and efficiency, and ob
taining through his influence a prominent position
in the community.
In September, 1877, having become associated
with Prof. N. E. Wood in the principalship of
Wayland Academy, he resigned his pastorate to en
gage in the work of teaching in that institution.
He was associate principal with Prof. Wood, and
Professor of Mathematics until June, 1880, when
he retired from the school with a view of again
entering the pastorate.
MANSFIELD
747
MARC OX
He is a man of splendid executive abilities, with
superior qualities as a pastor.
Mansfield, Rev. David Logan, a distin
guished minister in Gasper River Association, was
born in Logan Co., Ky., June 8, 1797. In early
manhood he became a member of Stony Point
church, in his native county. His education was
completed at Glasgow, Ky., under the direction of
that famous instructor, Rev. R. T. Anderson. lie
was ordained to the ministry in November, 1823 ;
soon after which he became pastor of Providence
church, in Warren County, to which he removed
in 1825, and there he settled for life. He was pastor
of several other churches, and was very successful
in leading sinners to Christ. In the winter of
1S32-33 he baptized over 300 persons. He died
about 1850.
Mansfield, Rev. James W., the most prominent
minister of his day in Little River Association, in
Kentucky, was born in Albemarle Co.. Va., March
18, 171)4. In 1815 he settled in Kentucky, stopping
for a few months in Mercer County, where he was
baptized, and then locating in Christian County.
In 1819 he removed to Caldwell County, where he
made his home. In May, 1820, he was licensed
to preach, and was ordained pastor of Donaldson
church in 1827, in which office he served twenty-
five years. At the same time he had charge of three
other churches, and from the scarcity of ministers,
for a considerable period he pi-cached to several other
churches on week-days." Among the churches
he formed is that at Princeton, the county seat
of Caldwell. He was fourteen years moderator of
Little River Association. He died Oct. 15, 1853.
Manton, Rev. Joseph Randall, A.M., son of
Dr. Shadrach and Amey Randall Munton, was
born in Providence, R. I., Sept. 28, 1821 ; gradu
ated at Brown University in 1842 : united with the
Fourth Baptist church in Providence ; taught in
Worcester Academy ; studied theology at Hamilton,
N. Y. ; ordained to the Baptist ministry at Glouces
ter, Mass., in 1848 ; from delicate health left the
New England coast and settled with the church in
Clarksville, Tenn., from 1850 to 1857, also preach
ing widely as an evangelist ; settled with the Ver
mont Street Baptist church in Quincy, 111., from
1857 to I860 ; from impaired health removed and
settled with the Baptist church at Minneapolis,
Minn., in I860, and remained till 1865 ; removed to
St. Joseph, Mo., and remained four years ; in 1869
settled with the church at Richfield, Minn., where
he now labors ; a man of marked talents, true de
votion, uncommon culture, and great eloquence, of
delicate health, successful in his labors, and greatly
esteemed.
Manz, Felix. See article ANABAPTISTS.
March, John, was born in England ; removed to
St. John, New Brunswick, in 1854 ; is a prominent
Baptist of that city ; was connected for several
years with the press ; is now the efficient secre
tary of the board of school trustees for St. John ; is
earnest and liberal in support of all denominational
objects.
March, Rev. Stephen, brother of John March,
was born March 28, 1832, in England ; came to
New Brunswick in 1854 ; was ordained at St.
Francis, New Brunswick, July 5, 1856 ; became, in
1858, pastor of the Baptist church in St. George,
New Brunswick ; took charge of the church in
Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, in 1862 ; Onslow in
1874 ; Canning in 1877 ; returned to Bridgewater
in 1879. lie is a good preacher and pastor.
Marchant, Judge Henry, was born at Martha s
Vineyard, Mass., in April, 1741. His early edu
cation was the best that could be obtained in the
schools of Newport, R. I. lie completed his studies
at Philadelphia, in the institution which subse
quently became the University of Pennsylvania.
He spent five years in the study of law, and having
been admitted to the bar, commenced the practice
of his profession at Newport, R. I. Early in his
career he advocated the rights of his country against
the oppressions of Great Britain. At the October
session of the General Assembly, in 1770, he was
elected attorney-general of the State, and held this
office until May, 1777. In 1771 he went to England
in his official character to look after some matters
affecting the interests of Rhode Island. While
abroad he was brought into intimate relations with
gentlemen of the Whig party, upon whom he ex
erted no little influence in favor of his country.
Returning to his home in 1772, and anticipating
the troubles which his sagacity told him would
soon befall a town so exposed as was Newport, he
purchased an estate in Narragansett, whither he
moved his family. He was a delegate to the Con
tinental Congress for three years, and was one of
the signers of the Articles of Confederation. After
the war he returned to Newport, which place he
represented for a time in the General Assembly.
President Washington appointed him judge of the
District Court for Rhode Island, which position he
held until his death, Aug. 30, 1790. In his re
ligious sympathies Judge Marchant was a Baptist,
and shared, with Roger Williams, an intense love
of civil and religious liberty, which was transmitted
to his posterity.
Marconi, Rev. J. C., was born in Orange Co.,
N. C., in 1814; baptized in June, 1835, by Thomas
Freeman ; ordained in 1847, Revs. J. S. Purefoy,
W. T. Brooks, Vi. A. Atkinson, and T. B. Horton
forming the Presbytery ; has served many churches
in Wake, Chatham, and Harnett Counties ; was
reading clerk of Raleigh Association for thirty
years, and moderator for two sessions ; has taught
school, and is still active and useful.
.V.I ATI
748
HA ItS II
Marcy, Gov. William Learned, was born in
Southbridge. .Mass., Dec. 12. 17*0, and died at
Ballston S]ia. N. Y.. -July 4, ]S,J7. lie was grad
uated at Brown University, removed to Troy.
COV. U 1I.1.IAM l.KARNF.I) MAKCY.
N. Y.. studied law, and was admitted to the bar.
He sserved as lieutenant in the war with England,
in 1812. In 1S1C> he was appointed recorder of
Troy, and in 1818 he became editor of the Troy
Jitidi/et, a leading daily newspaper. In 1821 he
was appointed adjutant-general of the State militia,
and in 1823 \v;is elected by the Legislature comp
troller of the State, and removed to Albany. In
1829 he was appointed one of the associate justices
of the Supreme Court of the State, which office he
held till 1831, when he was elected United States
Senator. He served as Senator two years, when he
resigned to accept the office of governor of New
York. lie was re-elected in 1834, and again in
1836. In 1845 he was made Secretary of AVar by
President Polk, a post made peculiarly difficult by
hostilities with Mexico. As a member of Presi
dent Polk s cabinet he distinguished himself in the
settlement of the Oregon boundary question, and
other matters which engaged the attention of the
government. In 1853 he was called into the cabi
net of President Pierce to fill the high office of
Secretary of State. In his correspondence with
Austria, his state papers on Central American af
fairs, and the Danish Sound dues, his great ability
as a writer, a statesman, and diplomatist was de
monstrated to the world.
He was a constant attendant and liberal sup
porter of the Pearl Street Baptist church of Al
bany, ami an ardent admirer of Dr. Bartholomew
T. Welch. In all the varied relations of life, pub
lic and private, there is no stain on his memory.
His wisdom, his faithfulness, and his integrity
stand unchallenged, and his memory is justly re
vered by all who knew him.
Margrave, Rev. William G., was born in
Lexington, Va., Nov. 23, 17 ( J3. The death of his
father when he was an infant left his education
entirely to his faithful mother, who was a member
of the Presbyterian Church. AVhen seventeen
years of aue he located in the town of Lewisburg,
AV. Va.. where he spent the remainder of his life.
He was for a long time one of the most ungodly
men iu Lewisburg, a common drunkard, and a re
proach to his neighbors. AVhilc engaged in his
dissolute pleasures he was powerfully convicted of
sin and was converted. It was with difficulty that
he found a Baptist preacher to receive him. At
length Rev. James O. Alderson heard of him. and
came to his home and baptized him, and at once
lie began to preach. Whatever he did he performed
with all his might. And such was the strength of
his faith that he never doubted the reality of his
conversion, and to the day of his death his zeal
knew no abatement. His ministry was greatly
blessed. An attack of pneumonia ended his work
on the 24th of February, 1867. He died exhorting
sinners to repent.
Marsh, Ebenezer, is one of the men long iden
tified with Baptist progress in Southern Illinois.
lie has been for many years president of the Alton
Bank, and a pillar in the Alton Baptist church.
He was born in Sturbridge, Mass., Sept. 16, 1806.
He was educated at Dudley Academy in that State,
but in early life removed to Illinois, being one of
the first settlers in Madison County in that State.
His first occupation was that of teacher in the
Rock Spring Seminary. St. Clair County, an insti
tution founded by Dr. John M. Peck. In 1832 he
removed to Alton, engaging first in the insurance
business, subsequently as a banker. As a member
of the church in Alton, of the Shurtleff College
board of trustees, and in other positions of ser
vice, he has done much to promote denominational
growth in his own section of the State.
Marsh, Rev. J. B., was born in Collisville,
N. Y., May 26, 1830 ; converted at nine ; baptized
by A. B. Earle in May, 1848 ; was licensed by the
Collisville church, but fearing that he was not
called he returned the license ; came to Virginia as
a missionary of the Sunday-School Union in 1854 :
to North Carolina in April, 1855 ; was ordained in
Ashville in September, 1858 ; preached for several
years in AVestern North Carolina, but since 1868
lias served churches in Catawba, Iredell, and Davie
Counties.
MARSH
749
MARSHALL
Marsh, Rev. R. H., was horn in Chatham Co..
N. C., Nov. 8, 1837 ; graduated at Chapel Hill in
1858 ; was baptized by Dr. T. C. Tcasdale at Chapel
Hill, in October, 1S56; spent two years at the
Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Green
ville. S. C. ; was tutor at Wake Forest College in
1859; professor in Oxford Female College in 1802
()> : preached in Granville County until 1X04. when
the death of his father recalled him to Chatham ;
returned to Oxford in 1808, where he still resides,
the blessed pastor of several excellent country
churches. Mr. Marsh was for several years the
pastor of the Oxford and Henderson churches ; was
for two sessions moderator of the Flat River As
sociation, and has been for ten years a trustee of
Wake Forest College.
Marshall, Rev. Abraham, to whom belongs
the highest place among the Baptist pioneer preach
ers of Georgia, was born April 2 -}, 1748, in the town
of Windsor. Conn, lie was the son. and probably
the oldest, of Daniel Marshall, by his second wife,
Martha Stearns. Although he was the subject of
deep religious impressions from early childhood,
yet it was not until he was about twenty-two years
of age that he entertained well-grounded hopes of
salvation. At that time his parents were living
on Horse Creek. S. C., a few miles north of Au
gusta, and there, about 1770. lie united with the
church, and was baptized in the Savannah River,
lie was immediately sei/.ed with a desire to lead
others to the Saviour, and soon began to call sin
ners to repentance. In January, 1771. in company
with his parents, he removed to Columbia Co.,Ga.,
and settled on Big Kiokce Creek, about which time
he was regularly licensed to preach. He was not
ordained, however, until May 20, 1775.
Just as he had chosen his life-work the Revolu
tionary war broke out, and Georgia, became a scene
of violence and blood. During almost the entire
struggle the people were subject to the combined
outrages of Britons, Tories, and Indians. Mam-
sought safety in flight, among whom were those
noble and useful men, Edmund Botslbrd and Silas
Mercer, the former never to return as a permanent
laborer, and the latter not until after an absence
of six years. Abraham Marshall and his venerable
father, however, remained at their posts, faithfully
preaching the gospel. Sometimes they were taken
prisoners, and subjected to great indignities, but
through all God mercifully preserved them.
On the 2d of N ovember, 17*4. soon after the war
closed, Daniel Marshall was called to his reward on
high, and his son Abraham succeeded him as pas
tor of Kiokee church. In May. 178*), some busi
ness affairs, in connection with his father s estate,
rendered it necessary for Abraham Marshall to
visit his native town in Connecticut. He made
the trip on horseback, and was absent several
months, preaching almost every day during his
journey. In Xew Kngland his sermons drew to
gether vast crowds, some comparing him to White-
field in the fervor and power of his eloquence.
On his return, in November, 1786, he entered
upon his ministerial labors with greater zeal than
ever, and. being free from the care of a family, he
engaged much in itinerant work, visiting various
parts of the State, and preaching the Word with
great power. In the spring of 1787 a wonderful
revival began, and spread far and wide: thousands
attended the ministrations of the gospel, and multi
tudes were converted. During the year more than
100 were baptized at Kiokee church alone, and the
j church membership soon increased to more than
300.
Now in the zenith of his powers, Abraham Mar
shall went every where throughout the State, preach
ing, baptizing, organizing churches, and ordaining
ministers. So much assistance did he render in the
work of constituting churches, and setting men apart
to the ministry, that it was said to be his busi
ness, his trade." This language will not appear
extravagant when it is remembered that in three
years the number of churches in the Association
increased from 7 to 31, and in seven years to 50,
while during the same period the ministers had in
creased from 6 to oO.
Mr. Marshall married Miss Ann Waller, of Vir
ginia, in 1792. being then forty-four years old. and
for twenty-three years they lived happily together,
she preceding him to their heavenly home by four
years only. Four sons were the issue of this mar
riage, only two of whom attained to manhood.
He retained the pastorship of the Kiokee church
until his death. a period of thirty-five years,
during which it kept its high position as the mother
of churches and ministers, lie from time to time
had the oversight of other churches. In addition,
during the whole course of his ministry, he con
tinued his itinerant labors, his praise being em
phatically in all the churches.
In the old family mansion, near the Kiokee
meeting-house, Mr. Marshall, full of years and
honors, ended his earthly life on Sunday, Aug. 15,
1819.
It is not too much to say. in conclusion, that for
abundance of labors and general usefulness the
first place among the pioneer Baptists of Georgia
belongs to Abraham Marshall.
Marshall, Rev. Andrew, was for many years
pastor of the First African church of Savannah,
Ga. Hi; was born in South Carolina about 1755.
He was owned by different masters, and he acted
as "body-servant" to President Washington when
ho visited Savannah. Andrew was a witness of
many of the exciting events of the American Rev
olution and of the war of 1812, and in the latter
.V A If SHALL
MARSHMAN
war lie showed a patriotism which proved him to
be above the love of money.
Andrew purchased his liberty about the time he
was converted, and he joined the church in I7>>5.
and not long after he was licensed to preach, in
1801) he became pastor of the Second Baptist church
of Savannah. This was a colored church : the First
church was a white community, of which I)r. Henry
llolconibe was pastor. Mr. Marshall s church in
creased from 1000 to 3000 members, when he led
oil ;i eolonv ami formed the First African church.
Here his popularity was extraordinary, and his in
fluence and usefulness unbounded. His congrega-
tions were overflowing; his reputation was carried
over the whole country, and it was known even
in Europe. Andrew Marshall became one of the
noted ministers of America. Every visitor who
came to Savannah was likely to hear him. and
when he was going to officiate in Augusta, Macon,
or Charleston, throngs greeted his ministrations,
many of whom were respectable white persons. It
is said that " the Legislature of Georgia at one time
gave him a hearing in an entire body. Sir Charles
Lyell and Miss Frederika Bremer attended his
church, and published sketches of him. But his
wide-spread fame did not injure him. He was an
intelligent man. and he was deeply pious ; he had
wonderful executive ability in managing his im
mense church and his secular business : he had
great good sense and untiring perseverance; he
was endowed with a keen perception and with
ready arguments, and he would have been a leader
in any age or country.
He read and owned many books, among which
was Gill s " Commentary," which shaped his the
ology and gave perseverance and stability to his
converts.
His voice was so deep, sonorous, and tender
that its capacity for the expression of pathos was
unsurpassed.
lie baptized nearly four thousand converts.
He died in Richmond. Va., Dec. 8, 1856. and he
was buried in Savannah on the 14th of the same
month.
" An immense procession about a mile long, with
fifty-eight carriages, either loaned by families in
the city to their servants or other colored friends,
or occupied, as in many instances, by respectable
white people themselves, followed him from his
church to his grave. 1 So Andrew Marshall, a
colored friend of law and order, a man of genius,
a grand Calvinistical Baptist, a man upon whose
ministry the broad seal of divine approval conspicu
ously rested, was honored in life and in death in
his native South.
Marshall, Rev. AsaM., for many years one of
the most beloved ministers of Georgia, was born in
Jones County, Dec. 20. 18.32, of parents who were
pious and consistent Baptists. A. M. Marshall
was left an orphan at seven ; at twenty he pro
fessed religion and united with the church ; en
tered the Freshman class of Mercer in lSf)G, and
I graduated in JSliO. studying with a view to the
ministry, lie was ordained in the fall of ISlU). and
in the following year became chaplain of the 12th
Ga. Regiment, and served through the entire war,
preaching to the soldiers, nursing the sick, and
taking part in those grand revival movements that
occurred among the troops which resulted in the
salvation of so many. After the war he returned
home and entered upon pastoral duty, which he
has continued to the present time, serving various
churches in Putnam and Greene Counties. As a
preacher, he is plain and unaffected, earnest, and
forcible. His whole aim seemed to be to edify his
churches, hold up the Cro>s. and win souls to
Christ. He is a man of genuine piety, and during
his entire ministry has maintained a consistent and
godly character. He is a strong friend of missions
and Sunday-schools.
Marshall, Rev. Jabez P., eldest son of Rev.
Abraham Marshall, was converted after leading a
wild life in youth, and became an able and useful
minister. lie succeeded his father in charge of the
Kiokee church, which he served usefully until his
death, which occurred in 1S32. closing a period of
sixty years, during which father, son. and grand
son presided over the same church. He wrote a
life of his father, and served as clerk of the Georgia
Association for a number of years.
Marshall, Rev. William, belonged to one of
the most distinguished families of Virginia, and
one that has been equally famous in Kentucky.
He was a brother of Col. Thomas Marshall, so
noted among the pioneers of Kentucky, and an
uncle of Chief-Justice John Marshall of the Supreme
Court of the United States. lie was born in Fau-
quier Co., Va., in 1735. He grew up to be a bril
liant young man. and gave himself much to fash
ionable amusements. Upon his marriage with the
daughter of llev. -John I ickett. a pioneer Baptist
minister of that region, he was brought under the
influence of the gospel. In 1768 he was converted
and bapti/ed. In a short time he began to preach
with mighty power, and multitudes were converted.
He was a singularly gifted orator, and continued
to labor here about twelve years. Meanwhile he
was ordained, and became pastor of South River
church. As early as 1780 he removed to Ken
tucky, and settled in Lincoln County. He was
active and diligent in the ministry, and iix a short
time aided in building up a number of churches.
After a few years he settled in Shelby County,
where he raised up Fox Run church, and became
its pastor. He died in 1813.
Marshman, John C., son of the distinguished
MARSHMAN
751
MARSHMAN
missionary, Dr. Marsh man, of Serainpore, accom
panied his parents to India in early childhood, and
spent many years in that country in various secular
employments, especially identifying himself with
Christian journalism. While a mere boy he de
voted himself with remarkable zeal and fidelity to
the work in which the Serainpore missionaries
were engaged. In conjunction with his father he
labored in producing the Chinese version of the
Scriptures. He established the first paper-making
works in India, issued the first newspaper pub
lished in the Bengali language, and founded the
English weekly newspaper, the Friend of India,
which in his hands became one of the most influ
ential journals in the world, and a potent factor
for good in the Indian dependencies of the British
crown. In its early days this newspaper escaped
suppression from the British authorities by the
protection of the Danish government, under whose
flag it was published at Serainpore. It was out
spoken in its denunciation of official misdoings,
and fearlessly advocated the civil rights of the
native population. But whilst Mr. Marshman con
tinued to be a layman lie did efficient work in
connection with the Baptist missions, especially
devoting himself to the interests of Christian edu
cation, lie gave a very large proportion of his
increasing income year by year to the maintenance
of Serainpore College and other educational insti
tutions, lie became in later life the friend and
trusted adviser of the government in important
affairs, and few men exercised a greater influence
upon the rulers and the ruled. His literary labors
also procured him high standing. The lives of
Carey, Marshman. and Ward, together with his
history of India, will long perpetuate his name.
His eminent services were recognized by the Eng
lish government by the bestowment of the honor
of C.S.I. (Companion of the Order of the Star of
India). He spent the closing years of life in his
native land, enjoying the esteem of a large circle
of friends, and serving the cause of Christian mis
sions and philanthropy. He died July S, 1877, in
his eighty-third year, and was followed to his grave
by many distinguished men, including Lord Law
rence, formerly governor-general of India, and other
famous Anglo-Indian statesmen, who had person
ally known his character and worth. Mr. Marsh-
man s views concerning missionary methods of
operation occasioned much discussion. He held
with tenacity the opinion that India and the other
Eastern nations could not be converted to Chris
tianity by Europeans, and that the business of mis
sionaries was to raise up " native apostles." When
he died he was engaged upon a series of biog
raphies of the viceroys of India, a work for which
he was universally regarded as better qualified
than any man living.
Marshman, Joshua, D.D., was born at West-
bury Leigh. Wiltshire, England, April 20, 17G8.
He received such education as the village school
afforded, and eagerly perused all the books that came
within his reach. His love of reading was so no
torious, that when he proposed to join the Baptist
church, the members were afraid he had too much
head knowledge of the gospel to have much heart
experience of it, but their apprehensions in time
passed away. In 1704 he removed to Bristol to
take charge of a school supported by the Broadmead
Baptist church, and was soon afterwards baptized
and received into church fellowship. He joined the
classes of the theological seminary, and for up
wards of five years studied the classics, and .also
Hebrew and Syriac. The periodical accounts
which recorded the labors of Carey awakened in
him a missionary spirit, and in 17 W he and his
wife offered themselves for service in India. Three
other missionaries embarked with him in an Amer
ican ship, tlie Criterion," on the 29th of May,
1799, and landed at Serainpore on October 13,
seeking protection under the Danish flag from their
anti-missionary countrymen in Calcutta. When
the authorities found that the missionaries had ar
rived without a permit from the India House, they
threatened ( apt. Wickes, of the Criterion." that
his vessel should be refused entry unless the four
missionaries appeared at the police-office, and en
tered into engagements to return forthwith to Eng
land. Representations were, however, made to the
governor-general, Lord Wellesley, which resulted in
the abandonment of all hostile proceedings against
the vessel, but the missionaries were compelled to
remain at Serampore. After the establishment of
the mission in Serampore, Mr. and Mrs. Marshman
opened boarding-schools, which soon attracted large
numbers of scholars, and were a source of perma
nent income to the mission. In association with
Mr. Marshman, Carey labored on translations of
the Scriptures, preaching, and other missionary
work. In 1SOG, Mr. Marshman commenced the
study of Chinese, with the view of translating the
Scriptures into that language, and, after fifteen
years of arduous toil, he carried through the press
the first Chinese Bible. He received the diploma
of D.D. from Brown University in June, 1811. In
1814 he published " Key to the Chinese Lan
guage," towards the expense of which the govern
ment of India voted 1000. On the 31st of May,
1818, the first newspaper ever printed in any East
ern language was issued from the Serampore press,
and was very popular among the natives. After
the death of Dr. Carey, his already enfeebled con
stitution gave way, and although he rallied for a
time, the capacity for work was exhausted. He
died on Dec. 4, 1S.>7, and his remains were laid in
the cemetery with his departed colleagues.
MAltSTON
MA if r i
Marston, Rev. Charles C., pastor of tlic Bap-
tist church in Clinton, \\ is , a native of West Mod-
way, Mass., was horn in 1849. Wlien lit; was hut
a child his parents removed to Washington Co.,
Iowa. At the age of twelve lie made a juihlie pro
fession <>f faith in Christ. His parents were Bap-
tists. and he had heen from early youth instructed
in this faith. But no Baptist church had yet been
organized in the vicinity where he resided, and he
united with the \Vinebrennarians. a denomination
holding views of faith and practice in some re
spects similar to those of Baptists. By them Mr.
Marston was licensed in I8I>5. and ordained to the
work of the ministry in ISfKi. He held pastorates
at Boiling Springs. Spring drove, and Lanark,
111. In 1870 he united with the Michigan Avenue
Baptist church of Chicago, 111. He has since heen
fully identified with the Baptist denomination. He
completed the usual course of study in the I ni-
versity of Chicago, preaching for the Xorwood Park
Baptist church while prosecuting his studies in the
university. In 1878. having been called to the pas
torate of the Baptist church in Clinton, Wis.. lie
removed to that place, which continues to be his
iield of labor. His ministry has been more than
usually successful, having been attended with re
vivals of considerable power. He is doctrinal in
his preaching, a close student of the Bible, and one
of the promising young ministers of the State.
Marston, S. W., D.D., was born in York Co.,
Me.. -July 23. 1^21). lie studied in academies in
Maine and XCNV* Hampshire, and for four years in
New Hampton Institute, and graduated with honor
in 1852. He was baptized by Rev. Abner Mason
in 1847, in Medway. Mass. : was pastor at Brook-
field in 1852, and in 1853 went South for his health,
and in a short time returned to Middleborough,
Mass., and taught two years, and preached during
this time at Xew Bedford. Subsequently he taught
in Greenville. 111., and in Burlington, Iowa. In
ixiiO he became pastor at Plainlield, 111. In 181)5
he took charge of the Boonville Institute in Mis
souri. In I8()8 he began his Sunday-school labors
in Missouri, and in five years he increased the num
ber of Baptist schools from 74 to GO. ], and organ
ized a Sunday-school Convention in each of the 59
Associations of the State, auxiliary to the State
Sunday-school Convention, of which he was the
secretary. In October, 1873. he became superin
tendent of State missions for Missouri, which posi
tion he held for three years, and then was appointed
by President Grant United States agent for 57.000
civilized Indians in the Indian Territory, whose
affairs he managed with great satisfaction to the
government. In 1879 he was appointed by the
American Baptist Home Mission Society superin
tendent of freedmen s missions in the South, which
position he now holds. Dr. Marston is a thorough
Baptist, a logical thinker, an able preacher, and a
successful minister of -Jesus.
Martin, Rev. A. F., was born in 1812 in Mis
souri, and converted in 1830; has been preaching
forty-seven years in Linn Co.. Mo. ; has served as
missionary of the General Association of Missouri,
and performed evangelistic work, through which
many have been converted. He was ordained in
1833. His parents were constituent members of
the Tee Fee church, St. Louis County, and his
brother, Dr. Martin, was a constituent member of
the Fourth Baptist church of St. Louis.
Martin, Hon. Isaac L., was born in New
Brunswick, N. )., Jan. 11, 1829. He early en
tered into business with his father, a merchant in
his native city. After years of success his father
transferred the business to his sons. Mr. Isaac
Martin has long been a director of the National
Bank of New Jersey and of the New Brunswick
Fire Insurance Company. After serving in the
Legislature two terms he was. in 1879. elected sena
tor from Middlesex County for three years. Mr.
Martin while yet a youth united with the First
Baptist church in New Brunswick : has been in
the board of trustees, the Sunday-school, and other
departments of church work.
Martin, Rev. James, B.A. (of London Univer
sity), late president of the Baptist Association. Vic
toria, Australia, and distinguished among scholars
and theologians for his translations from the Ger
man, was born in London, England, 111 September,
1821, and at an early age joined the church at
Hackney. He studied at Stepney College, and then
proceeded to Bonn, in Germany. Having com
pleted his course with success, he settled first at
Lymington, and subsequently at Stockport. Edin
burgh, and Nottingham. During his nine years
pastorate at Nottingham he rose rapidly to distinc
tion as a preacher and theologian. He translated
upwards of twenty volumes of Clark s Foreign
Theological Library, including several of the best
works of Keil, Delitzsch. Kurtz, Ebrard, and Ileng-
stenberg. In ISfiO he received a pressing call from
Melbourne, Australia, which at length he accepted.
The position involved the honor and responsibility
of denominational leadership in that rapidly grow
ing city and colony, and high expectations were
cherished by all who knew him, which, in his brief
Australian career, were in no scanty measure ful
filled. But in the full tide of success and honor
he was stricken down, and died Feb. 13, 1877, in
his fifty-sixth year. Both in England and Australia
his death was keenly felt as a severe bereavement
to the denomination and the Christian church at
large. Mr. Martin published little except an able
treatise on " The Origin and History of the New
Testament."
Martin, Rev. M. T., proprietor of Baptist Record,
MART I
753
MARYLAND
Jackson, Miss., was born in 1842; was nine years
Professor of Mathematics in Mississippi College;
acted as agent of the college after the war; re
deemed the property from mortgage ; added $50,000
to the endowment, and extinguished an incumbrance
in the form of scholarships, amounting to 42,000;
began to preach in 1877, and is one of the most effi
cient evangelists in the State.
Martin, Rev. Robert, a prominent minister in
North Louisiana Association, La., was born in South
Carolina in 1814; began to preach in Georgia in
1S41 : removed to Bossier Parish. La., in 1S52. and
became the successful missionary of the Baptist
State Convention, and was instrumental in plant
ing most of the churches in Bossier Parish. After
three years in this relation lie became supply for a
number of the churches which were planted by his
instrumentality, and he has since labored in that
capacity, supplying Salem, New Hope. Sarepta,
and Spring Brand), in the parish of Bossier.
Martin, Rev. Samuel Sanford, was born
April 15, 1820, in Colisville, Broome Co.. N. Y.,
and was baptized at the age of sixteen. After a
three years course at Hamilton, he was ordained at
Colisville. Sept. 27. 184-J. Removing to Illinois.
he became pastor of the Knoxv^lle, now Galesburg.
Baptist church. His pastorates since have been at
Lamoille. where he helped to build the first Bap
tist house of worship, at Mixon, Tremont, Delavan,
where also under his labors the first meeting
house was built, and Kcv. I). II. J)rake. missionary
to Kurnool, India, was baptized, Washington.
Forest City. a church being here gathered, and
San Jose. Mr. Martin is numbered with those in
Illinois whose chief work has been the laying of
foundations.
Martin, William E., A.M., principal of the
University Academy, Lewisburg, Pa., was born in
May, 1845, in Saltsburg. Indiana Co.. Pa. Here
he received his academic training. In 18G8 he was
baptized by Rev. Azariah Shadrach, and united
with the Saltsburg Baptist church. In the follow
ing year he entered the Junior class in the uni-
ver-qty at Lewisburg. from which he was graduated
in the class of 1871 .
After a year spent in teaching in the pre
paratory department of the university, he entered
the Cro/er Theological Seminary, in fulfillment
of his original purpose to prepare himself for the
ministry. After a single session, however, he was
recalled to the work of instruction at Lewis-
burg. Tie was principal of the English Academy
until 1878. when the classical and English depart
ments of the preparatory work of tin- university
were consolidated into the University Academy,
with Principal Martin at its head. He has been
very earnest in his purpose to elevate the standard
of scholarship. Under his excellent management.
and with his constant and self-denying labors, the
academy is a success.
Maryland, The Baptists ofThe first Baptist
church in Maryland was formed in 1742, at Chest
nut Ridge, about ten miles north of Baltimore City.
Its founder was Henry Sator, or Sater, a General
Baptist, who came from England in 1709. It has
over since been known as Sater s church. It
has a small brick meeting-house in a beautiful
grove of about four acres, containing numerous
graves of the Baptist fathers and their descendants.
This church at first increased rapidly. In four
years it numbered 181 members, and extended into
Opeckon and Ketockton, in Virginia. In 1754 a
church, principally originating from Sater s. was
founded at Winter Run, in Harford County, which
has since borne the name of the llarford church.
For forty years it was under the pastoral care of the
Rev. John Mavis, who died in 1809, in the eighty-
eighth year of his age. venerated and beloved. " Sa
ter s" became nearly extinct under Antinomian
influence, and is now a very feeble body.
The First Baptist i-hn rdi of Baltimore was or
ganized Jan. 15, 1785, with 11 members, all of
whom, except its pastor, the Rev. Lewis Richards,
were dismissed from the llarford church. From
the Harford church also arose the churches at
Taneytown and Gunpowder. The First church
worshiped until IS 17 in a small house on the
corner of Front and Fayette Streets. In that year
they completed the edifice in Sharp Street, so long
known as the Old Round-top," at a cost of
$50.00(1; but the debt thereby incurred was not
entirely removed for thirty-five years, and seriously
hindered the prosperity of the church. Muring
ninety-five years it has had only five pastors,
viz.: Lewis Richards, thirty-three years; E. J.
Reis, three years; John Finlay. thirteen years-,
Stephen P. Hill, sixteen years; and J. \V. M. Wil
liams, the present pastor, nearly thirty years.
From it originated several churches, principally
the Waverlv church, and the Seventh church in
1845. and the Lee Street church in 1854. In the
year 1878. the vicinity of the meeting-house having
become almost entirely occupied by warehouses,
the church removed to Lafayette Avenue, near Tre-
mont Street, where, in a new and beautiful house
of white marble, renewed prosperity has been en
joyed.
The ft. rtiiid dnirch of Baltimore was founded in
1797. by Elder John Ilealey. from Leicester, Eng
land, who with five others came to Baltimore in
1795. Klder Ilealey remained as pastor for more
than fifty years, and died June 19, 1848. To this
church belongs the honor of having established the
first Sunday-school in the State of Maryland, in the
year 1804.
The Hiijh Street Baptist church was constituted
MARYLAND
MARYLAND
Feb. 14, 1835, of 10 members, six of whom were
Win. Crane and his family, and two, the Rev. -J. (\.
Binney, its first pastor, and his wife. It was at first
called the " ( alvert Street church." Mr. Binney
remained but a few months, and in January, 1836,
thr Rev. (ieorgo V. Adams became the pastor, and
continued as such fur about seven years, during
which time the church increased to nearly 300
members. In 184;!, the Rev. .Jonathan Aldrich
succeeded Mr. Adams, and in 1 S44 the church left
the ( alvert Street house and built a new one on
High Street, first occupied in November of 1845.
A crushing debt had been incurred in its erection,
and in July, 1846, the pastor resigned and the
house was offered for sale. After months of anxious
solicitude relief was obtained by the concessions of
creditors, the extra efforts of the church, the liber
ality of friends, and the election of a pastor, the
Rev. Frankin \Vilson, who served without salary,
thus permitting the entire income to aid in reducing
the debt. In November. 1850, a disease of the
throat compelled Dr. Wilson to suspend his labors;
but, in a large measure owing to his liberality, the
house was saved, and the church has continued to
prosper under his successors, the Revs. II. J.
Chandler, John Berg, L. W. Seeley, E. R. Hera.
(MM). I\ Xioe, R. B. Kelsay, M. R. Watkinson, and
J. T. Craig. The above named may rightly be
called the "mother-churches," as most of the others
(except the Nanjemoy and Good Hope churches in
Charles County) sprang from them either directly
or indirectly.
ASSOCIATIONS.
T/ie Salisbury Association, on the eastern shore
of the Chesapeake Bay, was formed in 1782, under
Elijah Baker and Philip Hughes. It probably
never had over 600 members, and, having adopted
anti-mission views, has almost dwindled into non
entity.
The first meeting of the Baltimore Baptist Asso-
ciatian was held at Fredericktown, in August,
1793. Six churches, with 226 members, were rep
resented there. It increased slowly, until, in
1820. it had 18 churches, with 1362 members. It
was decidedly in favor of domestic and foreign
missionary operations for more than forty years,
with a few dissentients on the part of some pas
tors and churches. The anti-missionary spirit
culminated at the meeting held in May, 1836, at
Black Rock, in the adoption, by a vote of sixteen
to nine, of resolutions against " uniting with
worldly societies," and in a declaration of non-fel
lowship with those who had done so. By " worldly
societies" were meant missionary, Sabbath-school,
Bible, tract, and temperance societies. The Asso
ciation was at once divided, and the two sections
have since had only a nominal existence.
The Maryland Baptist Union Association was or
ganized Oct. 27, 1836. with only 6 churches, 4 min
isters, and 345 members. The ministers were Ste
phen P. Hill, (jieu. F. Adams, Thos. Leahman, and
Joseph Mettam. From the beginning it was a mis
sionary body, and in favor of all the objects de
nounced by the "Black Rock" resolutions. For
many years it included several churches in the Dis
trict of Columbia; but in 1S77 six white churches
there withdrew to form a separate Association, and
in 187 ,) the few colored churches of the District also
withdrew, so that the Association is now confined
to Maryland alone. Its present statistics will be
found below. The largest number ever reported
was in 1877, before the withdraAval of the District
churches, viz., 51 ministers, 60 churches, 10,716
members. Nearly all the churches outside of Bal
timore have been aided more or less by its contribu
tions, and several of those within the city. During
the forty-four years of its existence it has dis
bursed, in sustaining missionaries and aiding feeble
churches, $130,518, besides assisting indirectly in
the erection of a large number of meeting-houses,
the education of young men for the ministry, the
support and endowment of the Columbian Univer
sity, and the distribution of Bibles and religious
publications. A weekly paper, the True Union, was
originated under its auspices in 1850. and continued
until suspended by the war in 1861. Afterwards,
in 1805, the Mart/land Ba]>Unt. a monthly, was
issued for one year. Subsequently, the Rev. 0. F.
Flippo for several years published a monthly, the
fi(tj>/ixt ] isitnr. The Association has an invested
fund of Si 1,205 derived from special legacies, a
" Superannuated Ministers and Widows Fund 71
of 83061.22. and a Church Building Loan Fund
of S606.81.
Tin- Baltimore Baptist ( /nii->-/t-/-?.i-f< iisi(i Society,
organized in 1854. has been of much value in plant
ing churches in the city. The Lee Street and Frank
lin Square meeting-houses were built under its au
spices, and more recently the Leadcnhall Street
house; and a new and handsome edifice for the
First Colored church has been partlv erected by
this society aiding the members of the church.
The recent progress of the colored Baptists in Bal
timore has been wonderful. The First church,
founded in 1836. had only 80 members in 1868,
after an existence of thirty-two years ; it now has
350. In 1848. the Rev. Noah Davis, then a slave
in Virginia, was aided by Baltimore Baptists in
purchasing his freedom. He became a missionary
of the Association, and a small church was organ
ized under his ministry in 1852. That church.
unitedwith fragments of others, has now grown to be
the largest one in the Association ; and the colored
Baptists, who. twelve years ago, were comprised in
2 churches, with 273 members, have now 5 churches,
with 2726 members.
MARYLAND
MASON
REVIVALS.
Many revivals have occurred at intervals in sepa
rate churches, but some have had a general and
marked influence on the denomination. The first
was in 1839, when the additions by baptism (006)
were more numerous than the whole previous ag
gregate of members (565). In 1857 the baptisms
reported were 559. From 1870 to the present time
(except in 1871-72) the annual additions have
ranged from 531 to 1085.
EMINENT MIXISTERS.
This sketch would be very incomplete without
further reference to at least two brethren whose
labors, under God, have been greatly blessed in
building up the cause of truth in Maryland, the
Rev. George F. Adams and Richard Fuller. To
Brother Adams was largely due the origin of the
Maryland Baptist Union Association. As pastor
of two churches in the city, and two or three in
the country, as general State missionary for sev
eral years, as editor, historian, as a faithful, zeal
ous, wise, consistent, devoted man of God, his
labors and his character contributed much to the
extension of our principles arid the establishment
of the churches in the faith, lie died April It).
1877, universally lamented, leaving behind him a
precious memory, and a rich treasure in the " His
tory of the Maryland Churches, carefully prepared
by him.
The Rev. Richard Fuller. P.P.. entered upon the
pastorate of the Seventh church, Baltimore, -June
1, 1847. After twenty-four years labor there,
during which the church increased from 104 to
1170 members, he went out, in. 1*71. with 134
members, to establish the Eutaw Place church.
At the time of his death, October. 1876. that church
had increased to 408 members. But his usefulness
must not be measured by the hundreds converted
and baptized under his ministry. The influence
of his noble character, his splendid talents, his im
passioned eloquence, his fame as one of the greatest
pulpit orators of the age, his powerful advocacy of
every philanthropic and Christian enterprise, did
much to give his beloved denomination and the
truth it maintains a higher estimate in the public
mind, and to win for it a wider sway. Such trans
cendent abilities so thoroughly consecrated to Jesus,
and permitted for nearly thirty years to shed their
sacred lustre upon Baltimore and the surrounding
country, formed indeed one of the richest gifts of
God to the Baptists of Maryland.
Quite a large number of ministers have gone
forth from the Maryland Baptist churches, many
of them to do good in other States. Among them
are the honored names of Spencer II. Cone, Bar
tholomew T. Welsh, Wm. Carey Crane, Elijah S.
Pulin. Noah Davis, the founder of the American
Baptist Publication Society, and Benjamin Griffith,
for so many years its efficient corresponding secre
tary ; the missionaries Rosewell II. Graves, Brethren
Bond and Rohrer, whose mysterious loss at sea oc
casioned such profound sorrow ; J. L. Holmes, mur
dered by the rebels in China; Jno. A. McKean, J.
II. Phillips, -I. B. T. Patterson, Levi Thorne, Isaac
Cole, S. C. Borton, J. W. T. Boothe. -I. L. Lodge,
J. T. Beckley, C. J. Thompson, Richard B. Cook,
J. II. Brittain, George McCullough. II. AV. Wyer,
W. S. Crowley, and many others.
CONDITION IN 1880.
Nearly all the Baptist churches in Maryland are
connected with the Maryland Union Baptist Asso
ciation. At its session in November, 1*79, reports
were received from 47 churches, 14 of them being
in Baltimore City, and 33 in the country or in the
smaller towns. The strength of the denomination is
in the city of Baltimore. Ten of the city churches
arc white, numbering 3641 members; four colored,
numbering 2686 members. Twenty-three of the
other churches are white, numbering 1386 mem
bers; ten colored, numbering 005. In other words,
there are in Maryland 8318 Baptists, of whom 5027
are white. 3291 colored. Of these, 6327 are in 14
churches in Baltimore, averaging over 452 mem
bers to each church, while only 1991 are in the 33
churches of the State at large, averaging about 60
members to each church. The largest church is
the Union Colored church of Baltimore, with 1497
members. The largest white church is the Seventh,
with 590 members, though several others nearly
equal it: for instance, the First church, 528; the
Eutaw Place, 519; the Franklin Square. 494 ; the
High Street, 438 ; the Lee Street, 407 ; the Second,
Broadway, 328.
All the city churches have good substantial
houses of worship, none very large, but several of
considerable architectural beauty. They arc well
located, at proper distances from each other, so as
to reach all parts of the city. All except four, one
German and one colored, are self-supporting and
liberal in benevolent contributions. With each is
connected a flourishing Sunday-school.
Manv of the churches in the State are not well
located. Of the 23 white churches only 7 are in
towns or cities of over 2000 population, the re
mainder being in small villages or country places.
All of them have suitable meeting-houses, generally
paid for. Partly for want of material, their growth
has been slow, and their struggles for existence
severe. Several have become extinct.
Mason, Alanson P., D.D., was born in Cheshire,
Mass., -Jan. 19, 1813. He was graduated from
Madison University in the class of 1836, and from
the Hamilton Theological Seminary in 1838. He
was pastor of four churches in the State of New
MA SOX
York. Clockville, Groton, Binghamton, and Wil-
liamshurg. and of the First Baptist churches in
Fall Kiver and Chelsea, Mass. After serving the
latter church for thirteen years, he resigned his
pastorate to enter upon the duties of district secre
tary for Xcw Kngland of the American Baptist
Home Mission Society. In this position he is
now serving his thirteenth year. While pastor in
Chelsea he was for seven years a member of the
hoard of overseers of Harvard University by ap
pointment of the Massachusetts Legislature. He
received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from
. Madison University in lSf) .t.
Mason, Rev. Auguste Francke, pastor of the
Baptist church in Milwaukee, Mich., was horn
in Clockville, X. Y.. Nov. 17. ISIJ I. Jle is a de
scendant of sturdy old Samson Mason, a, dragoon
of the republican army of Oliver Cromwell, who
came to America in lfV>0, and concerning whom
the records of Uehoboth, Mass., contain the follow
ing curious mention : " Dec. 9, 1057. It was voted
that Samson Mason should have free liberty to so
journ with us. and to buy house, lands, or meadow,
if he see cause for his settlement, provided that he
lives peaceably and quietly." Anabaptist as he
was, this permission was regarded, a peculiar act
of grace on the part of the Xew England Puritans.
For generation after generation the descendants of
Samson Mason were pastors of the Baptist church
in Swan/.ey. Mass. The Rev. Alanson P. Mason,
D.D., the sixth generation from the old Cromwell-
ian. and Sarah Robinson Mason, were the parents
of Auguste Francke Mason. Mr. Mason s father,
an able and prominent minister of the Baptist
church, after a pastorate at (Mockville, X. Y.. was
settled for six years at Brooklyn, X. Y.. and thir
teen years at Chelsea. Mass. Mr. Mason s mother
was the daughter of a New Kngland farmer, and a
woman of superior intelligence and great, force of
character. She was educated at Mrs. Willard s
well-known seminary. Troy. X. Y.. in which in
stitution she afterwards became a teacher. Mr.
Mason was educated at Chelsea, Mass. After
leaving the high school he became a clerk in the
counting-room of a mercantile house in Boston.
where his energy and business aptitude- pointed to
a successful career. In 1857. during the great re
ligious awakening, he was the subject of deep re
ligious convictions, which caused him to withdraw
from mercantile life and to turn his attention to
the gospel ministry. After a course of study at
Madison University, from which he afterwards re
ceived the degree of A.M.. he was ordained at
Barnstable, Mass.. in June. 1*59. Although com
paratively a young man. his ministerial labors ex
tend over a period of nearly twenty years, and
have been attended with marked success. lie has
been settled as pastor at Meriden, New York City,
Leominster, and Washington, D. ( . Mr. Mason
is an earnest and forcible speaker, and his sermons
exhibit much originality of thought and scholarly
research.
Mason, Rev. Darwin N., was born in Indiana,
and reared in Xew York, on the shore of Lake
Eric, on a farm. He graduated at the State Nor
mal School in Albany in lS.~>(j. Ho was ordained,
and settled as pastor at Rochester, Minn., in istll ;
removed to Iowa in 18GX; served as pastor in
Cedar Falls, as principal in DCS Moines University,
as pastor in Indianola. Boone. Marshalltown. and
Marion. He was secretary of the Iowa Baptist
State Convention 1S74 77. He has been in his
present pastorale at Marion since 1N70.
Mason, Francis, D.D., was born in York. Kng
land, April 2, 179 .). In early life there was devel
oped in him a remarkable taste for mathematical
studies. A love for the English classics was also
awakened, and he made himself familiar with the
works of the best authors in his native tongue. He
came to this country in 181S. After his conversion
he could not rest satisfied with the routine of his
daily life. lie wanted to do noble things for his
Master. He was licensed to preach Oct. 1. 1S27,
and became a member of the Newton Theological
Seminary in November following. Two years
afterwards he received an appointment from the
executive board of the Missionary Union, and sailed
May 2f>. 1830, in company with Rev. E. Kincaid
and wife, for Calcutta, and arrived in Maulmain in
November, lie joined Mr. Boardman in Tavoy in
1831. and was with him during the last weeks of
his life, administering the ordinance of baptism to
the Karen converts on the memorable occasion
when, as a dying man, the worn-out missionary
reclined on the banks of the stream in whose waters
the new disciples were " buried with Christ by bap
tism." Dr. Mason s connection with the Tavoy
mission continued for about twenty-two and a half
years, or one-half of his whole missionary life.
While at Tavoy Dr. Mason s life was an exceed-
i iivly active one, and the visible results of his
r-> J
labors were manifest in many directions. For some
! time the superintendence of the station rested on
him. A seminary for the education of teachers
and preachers was also under his charge. He
[ translated the Scriptures into the Sgau Karen and
i Pwo Karen languages. He also made his collec-
j tions for his " Notes on the Fauna and Flora of
Burmah," published in 1852. and for a similar
work which was published some time later.
Dr. Mason having obtained permission of the
board, proceeded to Toungoo to commence a mission
in that place, where he arrived Oct. 22. 1S33. In
a few weeks he was joined by San Quala. "the
Karen apostle," and two assistants. The most re
markable success followed the labors of these de-
HA SOX
757
MAX ON
voted missionaries. Although Dr. Mason was
obliged to leave Buvinah for this country in the
early part of 1854, the work went on with marvel
ous strides, so that when, three years later, he
returned to Toungoo, there were 2600 baptized
Christians and 35 churches connected with the
mission. In ten vcars from the establishment of
the station more than 6000 converts had been bap
tized and 126 churches had been formed.
In the midst of this wonderful prosperity oc
curred those singular circumstances which those who
have made themselves familiar with the history of
this mission will recall. Mrs. Mason, the wife of
Dr. Mason, came under the influence of certain
strange delusions, and through her teachings of the
new converts the most lamentable defections from
the simple gospel were the result. The peculiar
hallucination which seemed to have taken posses
sion of her mind was this : " She pretended to have
found the language in which (iod spoke to Adam,
tin; God language as she; called it, in the em
broideries of the Karen Avomen s dresses, in the
pagodas, and other appendages of Buddhist wor
ship, and claimed that all nations have this lan
guage, and that what is needed only is to read it
according to the key which she stated she had re
ceived." It was in vain that the executive board
protested against the inculcation of these wild
vagaries, and set forth the great injury which the
Karen churches must suffer from the propagation
of such sentiments. Dr. Mason did not see lit to
interfere in the matter, and there was no alterna
tive but that his connection with the Missionary
Union must cease. For a little more than seven
years this separation continued, but at last the
extravagant conduct of his wife forced him to
believe that she must be laboring under a form of
insanity, and he could no longer sanction the course
which she was pursuing. His relation to the Mis
sionary Union was restored July 11. 1871, and con
tinued harmonious and pleasant until his death,
which occurred March 3, 1874.
From the foregoing sketch it is evident that Dr.
Mason was no common man. Placed in any position
he could not fail to secure respect for his ability.
He created a new literature for the Karens, giving
to them the Word of God and other devout and
instructive books in their own tongue. lie was a
careful observer of the natural history of the
country in which he passed so many yeare of his
life. Sir J. D. Hooker, an eminent English natural
ist, says of his "Fauna and Flora, etc., of British
Burmah and Pegu," F. Mason, D.D., has made
the most valuable addition to the history of the
fauna and flora of British Burmah of any man of
modern times." In many respects Dr. Mason wil
be regarded as holding a first place in the ranks of
American missionaries.
Mason, Rev. J. 0., D.D., was born in Fort
Ann, Washington Co., X. Y., Dec. 25. 1813. His
Barents were active members of the Baptist Church,
and lived until a ripe old age. Their influence and
raining during his early years very largely moulded
nis subsequent life and character. AV hen about to
inter college, in his eighteenth year, he was con
verted, and began to prepare for the gospel min
istry. In 1833 he became a student in the Literary
and Theological Institution at Hamilton, X. Y. r
jraduating in 1836. Shortly after appointed by
the Foreign Mission Board as a missionary to the
Creek Indians beyond the Mississippi. lie was or
dained Aug. 30, 1838, and, accompanied by his wife,
started for his field. The unsettled state of the
Indian tribes rendered mission work almost im
possible, and, after many attempts to gain a foot
hold, he was compelled to abandon it. In May,
1840, he settled as pastor at Fort Ann, and re
mained with much success nearly lour years.
Sept. 1, 1844, he entered upon the great work of
his life, as pastor of the Bottskill Baptist church,
in Greenwich, X. Y. AVith an occasional brief in
termission on account of ill health, he has labored
with this honored church until the present time.
During all these years he has been blessed in lead
ing souls to Christ and in breaking the bread of
life to a people in whose hearts he is held with
affectionate regard.
Mason, Deacon John R., son of Deacon Mason,
of Warren, 11. I., is a member of the Central church,
Oakland, and treasurer of the California Baptist
State Convention. He was born at Warren, 11. I.,
in 1826; spent some years at St. Louis, Mo.;
crossed the plains for California in 1849 ; and has
been a successful merchant. He was converted in
1868, and baptized by Rev. J. P. Ludlow, and has
ever been active in church and denominational
interests on the Pacific coast.
Mason, Rev. J. P., was born in Chatham Co. r
X. C., March 13, 1827 ; baptized by Rev. Johnson
Olive, November, 1848 ; ordained in January, 1856,
Revs. G. W. Purefoy, B. J. Hackney, and Thomas
Yarboro forming the Presbytery. Mr. Mason has
served Lystia church for twenty-two years, and
served other country churches nearly as long. He
is a good pastor.
Mason, Prof. Otis Tnfton, was born in East-
port, Me., April 10, 1838; was baptized in 1856 r
and united with the First Baptist church, Wash
ington, D. C., and was licensed to preach by the
First Baptist church in Alexandria, Ya.. in 1859.
Prof. Mason was educated at the Columbian Col
lege, where he graduated in 1861 with the degree
of A.M. From that time to the present he has-
been the successful principal of the preparatory
school of the university. He is superintendent of
the Sunday-school of the First Baptist church,
VAX OX
758
MASSACHUSETTS
Washington, I). C., ami a deacon in the same. He
is a collaborator of the Smithsonian Institution in
anthropology, joint editor of the scientific depart
ment of Harpers serials, and anthropological editor
of the Ainei indi Xa/tird/ixl. Hi- is the author of
several papers on anthropology, published in the
" Smithsonian Reports," and in the " Proceedings
of the American Association." Prof. Mason is, at
present, engaged in collating materials for an en
cyclopaedia of the Xorth American Indians, an
atlas of the archaeology of the United States, and a
grammar and dictionary of the Southern Indian
languages, a department of research in which lie is
deeply interested, and for which he has special
aptitude.
Mason, Simmer R., D.D., was horn in Cheshire.
in the western part of Massachusetts, -June 14,
SI .MM-: It K. MASOX. D.D.
1819. He was a lineal descendant of Samson
Mason, who was at one time an officer in Crom
well s army, a radical in politics and a Baptist in
religion. He came to America about 10f>0. For
.assisting in the building of the Baptist meeting
house in Swansey he was summoned before the au
thorities of Plymouth colony, fined fifteen shillings,
.and warned to leave the jurisdiction. When the
subject of this sketch was about seven years of age
his parents removed to Penfield, in the western
part of New York. His father died in 1828, leaving
a widow and a large family. Dr. Mason pursued
his preparatory studies in Cincinnati, and entered
Yale College in 1838, where he remained two years.
He was baptized and united with the First Baptist
church in New Haven. March 1, 1840. For the
next seven years he was engaged in teaching in
Cincinnati and in Nashville, Tenn. He was li
censed to preach by the First Baptist church of
Xashville when Dr. Ilowell was pastor, Sept. 7,
1S44. He pursued his theological studies under
the direction of I>r. Ilowell. and was ordained
pastor of the First Baptist church in Lockport,
N. Y., Aug. >, lcX4<J. where he remained until
called to the First Baptist church in Cambridge,
Mass., where he commenced his ministerial labors
March 4, 1S5">. Here lie proved himself to lie "a
workman that needed not to lie ashamed, rightly
dividing the word of truth." The church under
his ministry of sixteen years grew not only in its
membership, but in sound doctrine and active
benevolence, and every year added to its pastor s
reputation and the weight of his influence in every
direction in which that influence was exerted. It
might have reasonably been predicted that many
years of active service and great usefulness were be
fore this devoted minister of Christ, but in the very
prime of life he was suddenly cut down. What at
the time was known as the " Revere disaster sent
a great shock through the minds of people residing
in the neighborhood where the frightful event oc
curred. Dr. Mason was on his way to Beverly,
Mass., to exchange pulpits witli Rev. J. C. Foster.
It was on Saturday evening, Aug. 120. 1S"1. At the
Revere station, a few miles out of Boston, an ex
press train from Portland met the outgoing train ,
and Dr. Mason, with a score of others, was instantly
killed.
In an appreciative sketch of the life of Dr. Mason,
his friend, Dr. 0. S. Stearns, says of him, " lie was
a sincere friend, an earnest, sympathetic Christian,
a truth-searching theologian, an effective preacher,
a wise and judicious pastor. To his family he lias
bequeathed a life full of sunny memories. By his
people his name will always be honored. In his
denomination he will long be considered one of its
choicest ornaments. By all who knew him he will
be esteemed as a /trince in Israel."
Massachusetts Baptists. We can trace the
history of the denomination in the State of Massa
chusetts nearly to the settlement of Boston in 1030.
Among the earlier inhabitants of the district taken
possession of by Gov. Winthrop, and the nearly
fifteen hundred people who accompanied him, there
were found some who had grave doubts about the
divine authority of the rite of infant baptism, and
refused to have it performed in the case of their
own children. The first president of Harvard Col
lege, Rev. Henry Dunster, took a decided stand on
the subject, and openly avowed his sentiments
against infant baptism. Then came the persecu
tion of Thomas Gould, and the troubles through
which the First Baptist church in Boston passed,
MASS A CHUSETTS
MA TILER
beginning with the formation of the church in
1665 and extending through several years. Two
years previous, in 1663, the church in Swanzey was
formed, it being really a transfer of the Swansea
church in Wales, organized in 1649, to this country.
From the Boston church there were formed, from
time to time, churches in different sections of the
State, made up chiefly of members who, having been
connected with that church because it was the only
church of their faith which they could conveniently
join, desired to enjoy church privileges in the lo
cality where they lived. In this way commenced
the church in Kittery, formed in Maine in 1682,
and about the same time the church in Newbury.
Thomas llollis, an eminent merchant of London,
proved himself the warm friend of his denomina
tion by making generous provision for Baptist
young men to be educated for the ministry in Har
vard. As early as 17-7 we find that there were
Baptists in Springfield, the pastor of the First
church in Boston, by special request, visiting that
place to administer the rite of baptism to several
persons. Before the close of the century there
were about, 50 churches in different sections of the
State. Among the oldest of these we mention the
church in Wales, 1736; Bellingham, 1737; the
Second church, now Warren Avenue church, Bos
ton. 1743; First Middleborough, 1756; West Har
wich, 1757; Third Middleborough, 1761 ; and the
First church in Ilavcrhill, 1765. With rare ex-
ceptions very few of these 50 churches were
churches of much pecuniary ability. But they
were earnest followers of Christ, and contended
for what they believed to be "the faith once de
livered to the saints. They encountered perse
cution, they suffered many civil disabilities, and
yet they continued to grow and multiply until
they have reached a high rank among the other
denominations of Christians in the State.
The latest statistics give us the following figures :
There are 14 Associations, embracing 289 churches,
with 232 pastors. The number of ordained minis
ters in the State is 328. The total membership of
the churches is 48,764, and the amount of money
raised for various purposes, so far as reported, for the
year covered by the statistical tables to which we
refer, was $713, 125. The church having the largest
membership is the Union Temple, Boston, the num
ber being 1501.
Of the State denominational societies the Con
vention may be first mentioned. It was formed
May 26, 1802, and was incorporated Feb. 28, 1808.
It is authorized to hold real estate to the amount
of 200,000. The receipts for 1880 were 13,800.
The officers of the Convention at the present time
are Eustace C. Fitz, president, and four vice-presi
dents, all laymen, Rev. G. W. Bosworth, l).D., sec
retary, and Rev. Andrew Pollard, D.D., treasurer.
directors is made up of 50 ministers and laymen,
who represent the different sections of the State.
Another organization is The Baptist Charitable
Society for the Relief of Widows and Orphans of
Deceased Baptist Ministers. Rev. G. G. Fairbanks
is its president. Its receipts in 1880 were over
2550. This society was formed in 1821. The
Massachusetts Baptist Pastoral Conference" was
formed in 1829, its object being the relief of aged
and indigent ministers. It is authorized to hold
property to the amount of 75,000. The president
is Rev. C. M. Bowers, D.D. " The Northern Bap
tist Education Society was formed in 1814. It has
a permanent fund of 32,400. The president is Rev.
Henry M. King, I). I)., and the secretary llev. ). C.
Foster. The society has aided during the year 52
young men studying for the ministry. Its income
in 1880 was 6774.91. (See articles on FIRST BAP
TIST CHURCH OF BOSTON, FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF
SWAN/EY, XEVVTON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, PIERCE
ACADEMY, WORCESTER ACADEMY, and THE WATCH-
MAX AND REFLECTOR.)
Mather, Rev. Asher E., was born in Canada
in 1823 ; sou of Deacon Alonzo T. Mather. The
.
REV. ASIIEll K. MATHER.
family removed to St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., in
1828, and to Michigan in 1836. He devoted some
time to teaching, and then engaged in business in
the city of Detroit. His attention was early turned
to the gospel ministry, and many of his brethren
thought he was called of God to this work before
he could overcome his fear lest he was not qualified
for it. At length, in 1851 , turning away from pur
suits that promised large pecuniary returns, he
became pastor in Mount Clemens, where he was or
dained in August, 1851. This pastorate continued
MATHKWS
MATJ1US
only for :i year, but was specially attended witli
the blessing of God. The Tabernacle church, in
Detroit, of which he had been a deacon, called him
to be its pastor, and he accepted the call. -But the
plans of the church could not be carried out with ,
the means at its command, and after a brief period
he removed to Romeo, where a small church was in
a depressed condition. During the next four years
his work was greatly blessed, a good house of wor
ship and a parsonage were built, and the church,
which had been aided by the American Baptist
Home Mission Society, became self- supporting.
Ilis next pastorate was in Pontiac, and continued
nine years. These were years of prosperity. At
thr opening of the war he rendered valuable ser
vice in raising a regiment of volunteers, and became
its chaplain. He was absent from the church a
year in this service.
In 186(> he became district secretary of the
American Baptist Home .Mission Society, and for
ten vears engaged in work for that society with
great earnestness, and with constant tokens of
di\ine approval. Having led in the organization
of the church in Caro, in 1876, and the erection of
its house of worship, he became, soon after, pastor
in Portland, where he is now engaged in earnest
work.
No Baptist in Michigan is more fully acquainted
with the churches throughout the State, and none
have rendered a service more widely felt. lie has
assisted at the dedication of more than fifty houses
of worship. It was at his suggestion that the
Woman s Baptist Home Mission Society of Michi
gan was formed, the first society of its kind in the
country. He served the State Convention as its
secretary for seven years, and in 187 ( J was made its
president.
Mathews, William, LL.D., is by far the best
and most successful writer the West has yet pro
duced. Having enjoyed in early life the culture of
New England, and, later, having breathed for many
vears the stimulating atmosphere of the West, he
combines with the finished scholarship of the one,
the vigorous vitality of the other, lie was born at
Waterville. Me., July 28, 1818. His taste for study,
and his proficiency in whatever in that way was
undertaken, were shown very early in life. At the
au;e of thirteen he entered Waterville College, now
Colby University, and in 1835, at the age of seven
teen, graduated. Two years were then spent in
the Harvard Law School, and two years more in
the office of Hon. Timothy Boutelle, of Waterville.
Having been admitted to the bar, he first taught
for a year in Virginia, but returning to Waterville
in 1841, he began the practice of law, associating
with that, however, the editorship of a literary
paper, The Yankee Blade. This latter proved to
be for him the more congenial sphere. After two
years the paper was removed to Gardiner, Me.,
where for some four or five years its publication
was continued with marked success ; subsequently
to Boston, in which city it achieved a circulation
and popularity in all parts of the United States
scarcely equaled by any other literary paper. Aa
editor of the Blade, Mr. Mathews formed many in
teresting and valuable literary acquaintances, in
cluding several of the best known and most eminent
of American writers.
in 1850. Mr. Mathews sold his paper and re
moved to Chicago. His work here was at first in
the form of contributions to various journals : but
in 1859 he was appointed librarian of the Young
Men s Association, holding that office some three
years. He was then elected Professor of Rhetoric
and English Literature in the University of Chi
cago. This place he filled with eminent success
until 1875, when he resigned it, with a view to de
vote himself entirely to authorship. In this new
line of work he has been remarkably successful. His
writings for the most part have the form of essays,
upon subjects literary, biographical, and practical,
covering a wide range, but so grouped as to give
each of his volumes admirable unity of direction
and general topic. His style is a model of elegance
and vivacity, while his method, being largely illus
trative, enables him to utili/.e the results of an al
most ubiquitous reading and study. The titles
of his principal books, and nearly in the order of
their appearance, are "Getting On in the World.
Words, their Use and Abuse," "Orations and
Orators," and Monday Chats," the last named
beinf a translation of Sainte-Beuve s " Causeries du
~
Lundi," introduced by an appreciative biography
of the great French Utttraieur and critic. Dr.
Mathews s home is still in Chicago, where he enjoys
the warmest esteem of a wide circle of cultured
friends.
Mathias, Rev. Joseph, of Hilltown. Bucks Co.,
Pa., was born May 8, 1778. He was baptized on
a profession of his faith in his twenty-second year.
He was ordained to preach the gospel July 22,
1806, and he continued in the work of the ministry
for more than forty-six years as pastor of the same
church. He possessed a vigorous intellect, a spirit
of stern loyalty to Jesus, and a heart overflowing
with love to the Redeemer.
He was a strong Calvinist, fully persuaded that
each believer owed his salvation to a gospel spring
ing from the everlasting and personal love of God,
a gospel bearing the whole treasures of grace to
O I O
every heart that received it, and a gospel surely
carrying each recipient to the world of glory.
He was untiring in the use of means to bring
men to the Saviour. His prayers for the salvation
of his people were marked by a fervor and a faith
that nothing could surpass. His public appeals to
MATHIAS
761
MAXCY
saints and sinners to follow Jesus were unusually
tender and earnest.
He preached three times on the Lord s day, and
several times during the week. And it was his
regular custom to make a tour annually, at a con
venient season of the year, extending over several
weeks, and to preach every night at the place
where he stopped. To gather a congregation he
sent word beforehand, and the people thronged to
hear the gospel. In a brief account of one of these
apostolic trips before me, it is stated that he
preached in ten different places, and baptized ten
persons at three of his meetings. Only one of
these services was held in a church, the others
were conducted in barns and school-houses. The
labor performed for the Saviour in this way was
effective and very extensive. Many were born
again, and united with other denominations, and
many others formed Baptist churches, several of
which are in a flourishing condition at this time.
In one of his preaching journeys ho tells of two
persons "who requested baptism, but the relation
they gave was not satisfactory, and their request
was not granted. Mr. Mathias built up Christian
churches in the truth, and with soundly converted
members, whose future experience would encourage
their brethren and commend the gospel.
He was an earnest advocate of missions all over
our own country, and away to the ends of the
earth, lie was ever ready to speak for missions in
his own church and in the region around. And it
was his custom to commend Christian love for the
perishing at home and abroad by a liberal con
tribution of his own, which gave him freedom of
utterance in appealing to others, and which im
parted a peculiar power to his missionary argu
ments.
He had five sons and three daughters, every one
of whom was converted under his ministry, and
buried in the waters of baptism by his hands.
No man was loved more in the old Philadelphia
Association than Father Mathias. His fame had
traveled over the entire State and a large section
of New Jersey. Wherever he was known he had
a warm place in the hearts of the friends of
Christ.
He was a firm Baptist, and while he loved all
Christians, he knew nothing of that charity that
would sacrifice the smallest part of God s truth.
Not for empires, nor for mines of gold, nor for
worlds, would he slight his Lord that he might
bribe the servants of that Master for their good
will.
Mr. Mathias preached three times the Sunday
before his death ; on the following Tuesday even
ing his spirit suddenly entered the heavens. On
Friday an immense concourse of people gathered
at his funeral services, every one of whom felt that
49
a father and a friend had been borne to the skies
when Father Mathias fell asleep. And though
this event occurred thirty years ago the memory
of our venerable friend is as fragrant as ever,
not in Hilltown only, but for hundreds of miles
around it.
Mattoon, Rev. C. H., of Albany, Oregon, is an
earnest and influential preacher, and known as the
Baptist historian in that State. There is hardly
any pastor or prominent Baptist in Oregon who^e
history is unknown to Mr. Mattoon. He has
preached in nearly every part of the State. Born
at Canastota, N. Y., of Old-School Presbyterian
parents, he became a Baptist, and was immersed
at Genoa, 0., in 1844. lie obtained a good educa
tion at Central College, 0. He went to Oregon in
1851 ; was licensed in 1853; published The Relig
ious Expositor six months ; was Professor of Mathe
matics in McMinnville two years ; and in agency
work became familiar with Baptists in the State
and adjacent Territories. In 1871 he was ordained
by the Pleasant Butte church ; is a strong Baptist
writer of the Landmark school ; in 1874 held a
written discussion on that subject ; is more logical
than rhetorical in preaching ; is positive, and so
full of the facts in Baptist history that he is some
times called " the Baptist Encyclopaedia of Oregon."
lie is historical secretary of the Baptist Convention
of the North Pacific coast.
Maxcy, Jonathan, D.D., was born in Attle-
borough, Mass., Sept. 2, 1708. In his case the
moulding influence of a highly gifted mother was
felt in the formative period of his life. Such was
the intellectual development of young Maxcy that
his parents determined to secure for him all the
advantages of a liberal course of study. Having
been prepared for college in the academy of Rev.
William Williams, of AVrentham, not far from his
native place, he became a member of the Freshman
class in Brown University in 1783, when he was
but fifteen years of age. All the hopes which had
been cherished with reference to him were abun
dantly realized. He made rapid progress in the
acquisition of knowledge and in mental discipline,
and graduated with the highest honors of his class
in 1787. His talents were brought into immediate
service in the college where he had gained his
laurels. He was appointed a tutor, and for four
years devoted himself with great success to the
duties of his office. But his Master had a higher
service for him. Having become a subject of the
converting grace of God, he was baptized by Rev.
Dr. Manning, and connected himself with the First
Baptist church in Providence. The church at once
gave him a license to preach, and he was invited to
supply the pulpit which President Manning had
recently vacated. From the outset of his public
efforts as a preacher of the gospel his rank as a
MAXCY
pulpit onitnr \v;is established. So pleased was the
church with these efforts that lie was solicited to
resign his office as tutor in Brown I niversity and
aix-ept a call to the pastorate of the Hock to which
he had ministered with so much satisfaction. The
call was accepted, and Mr. Maxcy was ordained
Sept. S. I7 .M, when he was but twenty-three years
of a jv, the Rev. l>r. Stillinan preaching the ordi
nation sermon. He was also appointed a professor |
in Brown I niversity on the same day, as well as a ;
trustee of (lie college.
In the midst of most congenial employments,
and when he was constantly developing his powers
as a preacher and a pastor, Dr. Manning was sud
denly smitten down by a fatal disease and died.
All eyes were at once turned to Maxcy as the must
suitable person to till the vacancy created by the
decease of the lamented Manning, and lie was
unanimously elected president. lie resigned \\\>
pastorship just one year from the day he was or
dained, and entered upon his duties in the univer
sity, lie was only twenty-four years of age, the
youngest man, if we mistake not, that was ever
called to fill so responsible a position in this coun
try. His youth probably brought him in closer
and more intimate relations with the students of
the college than if he had been older. At any rate,
he was from the first very popular, and the young
men were proud of their youthful president. Sev
eral discourses which he published within a few
years after he took charge of the university added
greatly to his reputation as an able divine. In
I SOI Harvard University conferred on him the
honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity, lie was at
the time only thirty-three years of age. His official
connection with .Brown University continued for
ten years, when he was called to the presidential
chair in Union College, where he remained two
years. Finding our Northern climate too severe
for his delicate constitution, he accepted an invita
tion to take the presidency of the South Carolina
College, where he remained for sixteen years, and
was the means of raising the institution to a high
rank among the colleges of the country.
From all the traditions that have come down to
us there is reason to believe that Dr. Maxcy was
one of the most eloquent preachers, not merely of
his own denomination, but of any, in the country.
It is said that " a profound and breathless silence,
an intense feeling, and a delight amounting to rap
ture were the almost invariable attendants of his
preaching. His manner was emphatically his own.
There was no labored display, nothing turgid or
affected, but everything was easy, graceful, digni
fied, and natural. His general manner of delivery
was rather mild than vehement, and rather solemn
than impetuous : commencing in a moderate tone
of voice, but becoming more animated and impas
sioned as he proceeded, he gradually influenced the
hearts and feelings of his audience. Says Hon.
las. L. I etigru, of South Carolina, " Never will the
charm of his eloquence be erased from the memory
on which its impression has once been made."
Hon. Senator Kvans, of South Carolina, "He was
the greatest orator I have ever heard in the pulpit."
Judge O Neall, of South Carolina, " His were the
finest .specimens of eloquence and truth to which it
has been my privilege to listen." Dr. Maxcy died
I line 4, IS JO.
Maxey, Gen. Rice, was born in Barren, Ky..
July l!o, 1SOO. In IS JU he became a member of
Mill Creek Baptist church. Monroe Co., Ky. Prac
tised law from his twenty-first to his fiftieth year;
removed to Paris. Texas, Nov. lid. lN">7 : elected to
the State senate to succeed his son. (J!en. S. B.
Maxey, in 1802. He lived to see his son, Samuel
Bell Maxey, a U. S. Senator from Texas. He was a
leader in Kentucky and Texas, both in religion and
politics, and exerted great influence both by his
lofty character and fine abilities. He was twice
married. After a painful illness, borne with Chris
tian fortitude, he died Jan. 1 I, 1*7S.
Maxey, II. S. Senator Samuel Bell. The
Maxey family are of Huguenot descent, having
settled on James River soon after the revocation of
the edict of Nantes. His great-grandfather, Rad-
GEN. SAM I El, ISEI.I, MAXEY.
ford Maxey. became a planter in Halifax Co., Va.,
and his grandfather, William Maxey, removed to
Kentucky in the last century. His father, Rice
Maxey. was born in Barren Co., Ky., in the year
MAA KY
763
MAYFIKLD
1800, and was a lawyer by profession. His mother
was the daughter of Samuel Bell, a native of Al-
bemarle Co., A r a.
Samuel Bell Maxey was born at Tompkinsville,
Monroe Co.. Ky., March 30, 182"). His lather re
moved, in 1834, to Clinton County, where he was
clerk of the Circuit and Count} courts. In 1857
lie removed to Texas and settled at Paris. Sam
uel was educated at the best schools, studying
Latin. Greek, and mathematics until he was seven
teen years old, when he was appointed a cadet in
the Military Academy at West Point. He was
graduated there in 1840, and assigned to the 7th
Infantry as a brevet second lieutenant. That fall
he went to Mexico. Ho first joined Taylor at Mon
terey, and when Scott organi/.ed a new offensive
line from Vera Crux. Maxey went in Twiggs col
umn to Tampico. He shared in the siege of Vera
Crux, and was with Harvey s brigade at the battle
of Cerro Gordo. He was brevetted a first lieutenant
for gallant conduct at the battles of Contreras and
Churubusco, and was also engaged at Molino del
Key and in the engagement which resulted in the
capture of the city of Mexico. After the city fell
into his hands Gen. Scott organi/ed a battalion of
five companies of picked men under Col. Charles
F. Smith as a city guard. Maxey was assigned to
the command of one of these companies, and he
was thus provost of one of the five districts of the
city. Maxey had learned French at West Point.
While in Mexico he became familiar with the Span
ish tongue, which subsequently proved useful to
him in the practice of the law in Texas. He re
turned to the United States from Mexico in the
summer of 1848, and was stationed at Jefferson
Barracks, but finally resigned Sept. 17, 1849. He
returned to his father s home, studied law, and in
1850 began the practice at Albany, Clinton County.
In 1857 he settled at his present home in Paris,
a promising town in Northeastern Texas, and prac
tised law until 1861. About the opening of the
war he was elected to the State senate, but never
took his seat, as he thought he ought to be in the
army. He raised the 9th Texas Infantry for the
army under Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston. In De
cember, 1861, it marched by land and reached
Memphis in time to join the army at Corinth. In
the mean time he had been made a brigadier-gen
eral. He joined Gen. Johnston at Decatur, and
was sent by him to Chattanooga to collect and re
organize troops there.
Gen. Maxey s services in the Confederate army
were many and important. On the direct applica
tion of Gen. E. Kirby Smith, then in command of
the Trans-Mississippi Department, in the fall of
1863 he was ordered to take command of the Indian
Territory. Everything there was in terrible con
fusion. Maxey, with very little aid from head
quarters, put eight or ten thousand troops under
arms. In the spring of 1864 he advised Gen. Smith
of Steele s advance, and moved into Arkansas,
where he joined Price and shared in his fight at
Prairie Danne to check the enemy. He fought
Steele at Poison Springs, April 18, 1864, and cap
tured his entire train of I ll wagons. The loss of
his transportation compelled Steele to retire. For
his conduct on this occasion Maxey was made a
major-general.
Gen. Maxey went to his home and devoted him
self to the practice of the law, which soon proved
both laborious and lucrative to him. He was ap
pointed judge, but declined. In 1874 he was elected
to the United States Senate, and took his seat March
5, 1875. (Jen. Maxey undoubtedly owes his election
to the popular conviction that he is stanch, diligent,
and a representative man.
At first Gen. Maxey was placed on the Committee
on Territories, but was transferred the same year,
1875, to that on Military Affairs. He has served
continuously on the Committee on Labor and Edu
cation, and on Post-Offices, of which latter he is
now chairman. lie has had more than ordinary
success in practical legislation. He has never made
a report from any committee which was not sus
tained. The post-office committee is a very impor
tant one to a frontier State. Gen. Maxey has aided
greatly in increasing the postal facilities of Texas.
Among others, he has had established the stage
route from Fort Worth to Fort Yuma, the longest
stage line in the world.
Gen. Maxey is a member of the Baptist Church,
to which his family has belonged for four or five
generations. He is a gallant, genial gentleman,
and a hard-working, useful Senator. Very few Sen
ators enjoy so generally the affection and esteem
of their colleagues.
Maxson, Rev. John, the first white child born
on the island of llhode Island, was born in 1638,
shortly after his father had been killed by the Pc-
quots. He was one of the purchasers of Westerly,
11. I., in 1661, and one of the freemen there in
1669 ; ordained, when seventy years of age, to the
place and office of an elder" in the First Westerly
(now Hopkinton) Seventh-Day Baptist church;
had as assistants, in 1710, John Maxson (2d), Wil
liam Davis. Joseph Clarke, Sr.. George Stillman,
Joseph Clarke, Jr., and Joseph Crandall, and in
1712 the church numbered about 130 members :
died Dec. 17, 1720, aged eighty-two.
Mayfield, W. D., D.D., pastor of Central Baptist
church, Little Hock, Ark., was born in South Caro
lina in 1837 ; began to preach in 1856 ; chaplain
of the 3d S. C. Regiment, in the Confederate army ;
after filling several important pastorates in his
native State he became pastor at Helena, Ark., in
1868 ; from 1874 to 1877, corresponding secretary
704
MCCALLUM
of the Southern Baptist Publication Society; then
removed to Nashville, Tenn., and began the publi
cation of the Baptist Rejlcdor : he also published
a literary magazine called Jfaj>]>i/ Hume ; at the
close of the year 1879 he removed to Little Rock.
Dr. Mayfield is a line writer, and as he is yet in
the prime of life, much may be expected from his
vigorous pen.
Mays, Rev. John L., a pioneer preacher in
North Louisiana, by whose zealous labors many
churches in Union, Claiborne, and Jackson Parishes
were founded, was born in IS 14, and died in the
pulpit, Nov. Hi, ISliC).
Mays, R. G., M.D., was born in Edgefield Co.,
S. C., Oct. 5, LSUO. " After finishing his regular
course of study," writes his sister, Mrs. Judge Bre-
vard, he decided on medicine as his calling, and
graduated at the medical college in Baltimore in
1822. " Not caring for his profession, he devoted
himself to farming and became a very successful
planter.
In the extensive revival of 1831, Dr. and Mrs.
Mays were converted, and baptized into Edgefield
church by the Rev. Mr. Hodges. From his con
version to his death he was an earnest, zealous
Christian. He was a natural orator, readily using
beautiful expressions with a voice full of melody,
and he was almost irresistible in exhortation. His
prayers were from a heart imbued with the Spirit
of God, and could scarcely be heard without emo
tion. His manners were genial and kind, and his
hospitality overflowing and refined.
He was ready to aid every good work, and being
blessed with a competency, and coming to Florida
when the denomination was young and weak, he
did much to build it up. He was specially inter
ested in the spiritual welfare of his slaves, and em
ployed ministers to preach to them.
He was called to pass through deep waters.
Seven of nine children were taken from him, and
in April, 1878, the wife of his youth died at their
home at Orange Mills. Since that time Dr. Mays
himself has gone to his eternal home.
McAlister, Rev. I. N., an active minister of
Sabine Association, La., was born, in Mississippi
in 1813; came to Louisiana in 1853; was em
ployed as a missionary of the State Convention, and
did good service. He died Jan. 27, 1874.
McAlpine, Rev. Wm. H., is about thirty-six
years old ; reared as a slave in a cultivated family ;
received instruction and good breeding ; entered
school at Talladega soon after he became free.
Took a liberal course in the Congregational Col
lege at that place ; at the same time received in
struction in theology from Dr. J. J. D. Renfroe, by
whom he was baptized, ordained, and installed pas
tor of the colored church in the city. He has been
State evangelist- for his race ; now pastor of the
large colored church at Marion. No man has done
more for the elevation of the colored people in Ala
bama. He is an excellent preacher, and a rising
man.
McArthur, Joseph Benjamin, was bom Nov.
25, 1S4 ( J, in the township of Lobo, County of Mid
dlesex, Ontario, Canada. He attended the public
school until fifteen years of age, and, after an in
terval of two years spent upon a farm, went to tin-
Middlesex Seminary. In 181)8 lie matriculated into
the Law Society of Upper Canada, and was entered
as a student at Osgoode Hall, in the city of Toronto.
He was called to the bar of Ontario in November,
1873, and was invited to join the eminent legal
linn to whom he had been articled. The retire
ment of a member of the firm on -Jan. 1, 1881, led
to the formation of the present firm of Mulock.
Tilt, McArthur it Crowther. Mr. McArthur was
baptized in 1873. and united with the Alexander
Street church, Toronto, of which he has been for
several years a deacon. He is superintendent of
the Sunday-school, one of the trustees of the To
ronto Baptist College, and a vice-president of the
Home Mission Board. For personal consecration
and liberal giving he is conspicuous among the
laymen of Canada.
McCall, Rev. G. R., of Hawkinsville, Ga., is
one of the ablest, most prominent, and influential
of the younger generation of Georgia Baptist min
isters, a man whose modesty equals his merit,
and whose ability as a preacher is second to few
of his age. He was born Feb. 7. 1829, in Screven
Co., Ga., and was educated at Mercer University,
graduating with the third honor, in a talented
class, in the year 1853. lie then spent one year
in the same university studying theology. He
joined the church at fifteen, was licensed at eigh
teen, and ordained Sept. 24. 1854, when nearly
twenty-five. In January of 1855 he was called to
preach once a month to the Richland church,
Twiggs County, and has continued its pastor ever
since. After the war he settled in IIawkinsville r
and took charge of the Baptist church there in Oc
tober, I860, to which church he is still preaching.
He has been a diligent and successful pastor. For
years Mr. McCall has acted as the moderator of the
Ebenezer Association, and his influence in all the
region where he lives is very great, especially in
the Baptist churches. For ten years in succession
he has been the clerk of the Georgia Baptist Con
vention, and for two years was clerk of the South
ern Baptist Convention. He has been a member
of the board of trustees for Mercer University, act
ing as secretary of the board. He is a strong friend
of missions, Sunday-schools, and of education. He
is an excellent preacher and a wise counselor. He
ranks very high in the estimation of his brethren.
McCallum, Rev. H. B., was born in Knox Co.,
MCCLOUD
765
MCCONNICO
Tenn., Jan. 9, 1837, and spent his childhood at
Gravesville, in the northeastern part of that county.
In his thirteenth year his father removed to Knox-
ville. Here Hugh spent his time from 1849 to
1853.
In 1852 lie entered East Tennessee University,
and remained several terms. During the fall of
1X52 lie was converted, and was baptized by Dr.
Matthew Ilillsman in December of that year. He
was soon impressed with the duty of preaching the
gospel, and resolved to devote his life to that work.
In 1S54 he entered Union University. Murfrecs-
borough, Tenn., intending to take a full course,
but his health declined so rapidly that he remained
but ten months.
By advice of his physicians he visited Florida in
December, 1850, and remained till spring. By
doing this for two or three years he was restored
to comparatively good health.
In 1859 he settled in Camden. S. C.. and con
tinued meanwhile to study theology. The follow
ing year he enlisted as a private, and was mustered
into service in the Confederate army. In 1801 he
was called to the chaplaincy of his regiment, and
was ordained at the call of his church, and served
as chaplain during the war.
At the close of the war he settled in Sumter
District, S. C., and preached to country churches.
In 1807 he removed to Florida, and in 1809 he lo
cated at Lake City, and was soon chosen to the
pastorate of the church there. The little organiza
tion, with no house, was soon built up to an effective ;
church, and one of the best houses of worship in the
State erected. In 1*73 he was induced to com
mence the Flnri/ln Buptixt, and published it two
years, and then transferred it to the Christian
Iiul/ x, of Georgia.
Mr. McCallum is a man of ability and energy.
lie is a ready, forcible writer and speaker, and by
his pen and his preaching has done much to
strengthen the Baptist denomination in the State.
McCloud, Rev. Constant S., a native of Ver
mont, was born in 1818; graduated at Georgetown
College in 1840; removed to Mississippi, and be
came successively pastor at Starkville, Vicksburg,
and Raymond. After the war he became pastor at
Jefferson, Texas, where by his indefatigable labors
he increased the membership from a mere handful
to about two hundred, and erected one of the hand
somest church edifices in the State, and a comfort
able parsonage. In 1872 he became missionary of
the Grand Cane Baptist Association, La. lie fell
a victim to yellow fever at Shreveport, Oct. 17,
1873.
McCoid, Hon. M. M., member of Congress
from Iowa, was born in Logan Co., 0., Nov. 5,
1840. His father, Robert McCoid, was of Irish,
and his mother, Jane Bain, of Scotch, descent. Her
father came from Ayrshire, Scotland, and was a
Revolutionary soldier in the Virginia troops. Mc
Coid removed with his parents to Iowa when he
was eleven years old. He received a common-
school education, and then attended Fairh eld Uni
versity, and Washington College. Washington, Pa.,
until the Junior year, leaving because of ill health.
He soon after entered upon the study of law. lie
was admitted to the bar in 18(11, but immediately
enlisted as a private in Co. E. I2d Regiment Iowa
Vols., in which he served for the full time of en
listment, being discharged May 28, 1S(H. He was
promoted to be second lieutenant, and was for a
considerable time acting adjutant of the regiment.
He was in seven battles, including Fort Donelson,
Shiloh, Corinth, and Stone River. In 1804 he re
turned to civil life, and began the practice of law.
In lXf>G he was elected district attorney of the
sixth Iowa judicial district, and served for four
years. In ]S"() he was elected State senator, and
re-elected in 1875 ; in 1878 he was elected from
the first district as a member of the Forty-sixth
Congress, and he was re-elected to the present
Congress. lie was brought up a Presbyterian, and
learned the Shorter Catechism before he was able
to read, but on his conversion, in 1865, he embraced
the Baptist faith, and has been a member of the
Fairfield Baptist church ever since. He is a man
of great ability, integrity, and piety.
McConnico, Rev. Garner, was a native of
Lunenburg Co., Va.. where his family occupied a
high social position, lie became hopefully pious,
under the instructions of an excellent mother, at a
verv early age, and united with the church : and
such were the spirit and the ability which he mani
fested in the part he occasionally took in the social
religious exercises that the church in due time
licensed him to preach, and ordained him as a min
ister of the gospel before lie had reached his twenty-
eighth year. As the beautiful valley of the Cum
berland presented extraordinary attractions as a
place for settlement, Mr. McConnico sold his prop
erty in Lunenburg County near the close of the
last century, and selected as his future home a spot
in Williamson County than which it would be
difficult to find another more beautiful. Here he
secured a large tract of land, and spent thirty-five
years rearing a large and estimable family, some
of whom have since reached positions of usefulness
and honor. His mansion was ever the scene of a
profuse hospitality. In it was found the best society
then in the West; .and especially was it the home
of ministers of the gospel. Mr. McConnico imme
diately commenced among the settlers his appro
priate work. He was a diligent student of the
Bible, and of standard theological writings, with
which his library was furnished. lie clung with
unyielding tenacity to the great doctrines of the
7<>r>
MW. OY
Cross, and had an intelligent and definite view of
the whole evangelical system. lie prepared his
discourses with inn,- , care, and they were charac
ter! /ed by remarkable perspicuity and directness.
and they were delivered with graceful elocution
and impressive fervor. For vears he preached often
in all parts of the middle district, and sometimes
beyond it. Many professed religion, and a large
number of churches were raised up mainly through
his instrumentality. Of the Ilarpeth church,
which was in his immediate neighborhood, and
which was large, intelligent, and wealthy, he be
came the regular pastor, and continued in the office
until the end of his life. Of seven other churches
around him he was the stated supply, according to
the practice of the times. His popularity was al
most unbounded. lie died suddenly, full of faith
and hope, in the year 1S33.
His piety was deep, and his presence neutralized
every tendency to levity. Listening to him be
neath the shade of the gigantic forest-trees, where
he so often preached, you would have felt coming
over you a strange reverence for his mighty mind.
His memory and influence can never die.
McCoy, Rev. Isaac, the great apostle to the
American Indians, was born in Fayette Co., Pa.,
June 13, 1784. He came with his father to Ken
tucky in 171)0. In 1S01 he was converted and
joined the Buck Creek Baptist church. In 1803
he was married to Christiana Polk, daughter of
Capt. Polk, whose wife and several children were
captured by the Ottowas. Mr. McCoy and his wife
were afterwards missionaries to that tribe.
In 1804 he came to Vincennes. Ind., and in 1805
removed to Clarke County, same State. lie had a
marked influence upon the churches and Associa
tions of that part of the State. No one of the great
benevolent enterprises of the denomination was
allowed to pass unnoticed. Living in a part of the
country Avhere Antinomianism was industriously
taught, he exerted himself to counteract its baneful
influence, lie was licensed to preach by the mother
of all Indiana Baptist churches, Silver Creek. In
1810 he was ordained by the Maria Creek church.
In 1817 he received an appointment as missionary
to the Indians of Indiana and Illinois. After his
departure for his work the influence of Daniel
Parker grew rapidly in the southwestern part of
Indiana, and the missionary spirit waned. Mr.
McCoy was appointed for one year, but had no
thought that he should cease to labor for the red
man at the expiration of that time ; his plans em
braced many years. After spending some time
in Western Indiana, it occurred to him that he
should move to Fort Wayne and establish a mission.
lie labored there till 1822, when he established a
mission about one mile west of where Niles (Mich
igan) now is. lie named it Carey, after the English
missionary. Mr. McCoy and his wife entered upon
this missionary work with all the zeal and strength
of faith that characterized the life and labors of
Mr. and Mrs. Judson. And their faith did not fail.
Deprivations, sicknesses, and sorrows such as but
few mortals know were not strangers to them. Mr.
McCoy rode hundreds of miles through the wilder
ness, and swam the swollen streams. lyinu on the
wet ground at night, for the sake of carrying for
ward his missions. lie went on horseback to Wash
ington several times to interest Congress in meas
ures beneficial to the Indian. Many months would
be occupied in these journeys. One of the se
verest trials that Mr. McCoy was called to bear
was that (hiring his absence from home sickness
and sometimes death would visit his family. Five
of his children were called by death at different
times while he was absent from home. Persons of
narrow selfish views would readily call him cruel
and indifferent, but men who could rise to his plane-
_
! of devotion to the work that he believed God had
given him can see that his loyalty to the Master
was superior even to parental affection. No man
loved his wife and children more than he.
Many conversions occurred at the Carey mission.
The hymns composed by him on the occasion of the
first baptism at Fort Wayne and at Carey are ex
pressive at once of his great joy and his great hope
of what would yet be done for the Indian.
He records that the greatest obstacle by far that
he was obliged to meet in his labors for the conver
sion of the Indians was the introduction of whisky
among them by white men. So great were his
annoyances at one time that he decided to send
several of his Indian pupils East to be educated, so
that they might become teachers for their own peo
ple. They found a ready welcome at Hamilton,
N. Y.
His labors at Washington were to secure a terri
tory for the Indians into which the white man
might not intrude his wicked commerce. This he
regarded as the only sure hope for the Christiani-
zation or civilization of the red men. lie lived to
see some of the tribes settled on their own territory,
industrious and happy. In his labors for the pas
sage of such acts as he recommended to Congress
he speaks of the sympathy and co-operation afforded
him by Spencer II. Cone. William Colgate, and
others of his brethren.
Oct. 9. 1S25, Mr. McCoy preached the first ser
mon in English ever delivered in Chicago or near
its site. In 1826 he gave up the personal superin
tendence of the Carey mission for the purpose of
selecting lands for the Indians farther West. He
made surveys west of the Mississippi River, and
several times went to Washington to communicate
facts to Congress and to lay his plans before that
body. In 1840 he published his " History of In-
MCCOY
16?
MCCUXE
dian Affairs, a volume of 600 octavo pages, and
full of interest. In 1842 the American Indian
Mission Association was formed, and he was made
secretary, with headquarters at Louisville, Ky.
In June, 1846, as he was returning from Jeffer-
sonville, where he had preached, he was caught in
a rain-storm, from the effects of which he died in a
few days at his home in Louisville.
"His life and labors were truly the connecting
link between barbarism and civilization in this
region of the country and over a large portion of >
the West. His perseverance and devotion were j
morally and heroically sublime. For nearly thirty |
years he was the apostle to the Indians of the
West." His last words were. " Tell the brethren,
never to let the Indian mission decline."
McCoy, Milton, M.D., was born in Kanawha
Co., A\ r est Va., in January, 1824. lie professed con
version, and joined the Ilansford Baptist church in
1847, being baptized into the fellowship of that
church by Rev. M. M. Rock, lie commenced the
practice of medicine in 1849; removed to Moniteau
Co., Mo., in 1853, and to Boonville in 1863. He
was a constituent member of the First Baptist
church in Tipton, Mo., which was formed in 1858,
and of which he was made a deacon. Upon his
removal to Boonville he was made a deacon there,
and has held the office ever since. For years he
has been one of the main pillars in the church.
McCraw, Rev. A. G., a native of Newberry Dis
trict, S. C., was born June 4, 1803. He is of Scotch
descent. In 1818, with his father, he removed to
Alabama, and located in Perry County. An in
dustrious student, he pursued an extensive range
of historic reading; was bapti/.ed at Ocmulgee
church in May, 1828, and began at once to preach
the gospel: was ordained in 1831, Rev. George
Everett receiving ordination at the same time;
these two labored much together, mainly as evan
gelists. They planted a number of churches, had
many revivals, and baptized large numbers of con
verts ; in one of their revivals 200 were baptized
in Shelby County in 1832. In 1835 he became
pastor of the large and influential church at Oc
mulgee, a position which he held for many years.
In 1851 he became pastor in the growing city of
Selma, where he led a career of success until his
death, which occurred Jan. 14, 1861. Always in
easy circumstances, Mr. McCraw labored constantly
in the ministry, and with but small remuneration.
He was prominently connected with the leading
interests of Alabama Baptists, earnestly pleading
every cause fostered by our State Convention. He
was several years president of that bodjr. He
reared a highly accomplished family.
McCraw, Rev. N. F., an active and efficient
minister of the Bayou Macon Association, La., was
born in Tennessee in 1828 . did much to strengthen
the Baptist churches between the Mississippi and
Ouachita Rivers. Died in 1874.
McCulloch, Rev. Jno. V., a pioneer preacher in
Arkansas, was born in Tennessee in 1S20. He set
tled in Dallas County, Ark., in 1839. and shortly
afterwards began to preach, though not ordained
until 18.")]. Abounding in labors in the gospel, he
preached in all the surrounding countrv : was in
strumental in forming most of the early churches
in the region between the Ouachita and Saline
Rivers, lie even extended his labors into the re
gion between the Bayou Bartholomew and the Mis
sissippi River, where he died from malarial fever
in 1874. This useful minister is affectionately re
membered by the people.
McCully, Judge Jonathan, son of Rev. Samuel
McCully, was born in Nappan, Nova Scotia, July
25, 1809. He was converted and baptized in 1849.
He removed to Halifax soon after, and became
deacon of the North Baptist church in that city,
which office he held until his death, Jan. 2, 1877.
lie was a member of the Nova Scotia Legislative
Council and of the Senate of Canada, and judge of
the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. He was an
able lawyer, statesman, and judge. lie left be
quests to Acadia College and foreign missions.
McCully, Rev. Samuel, was born in Nova
Scotia. He was converted under the ministry of
Rev. -Joseph Crandall, and embracing Baptist prin
ciples, was immersed by him in 1813. He was
ordained at Sackville, New Brunswick, in 1820.
From 1827 he was associated in labor with Rev.
Charles Tupper at Amherst, Nova Scotia, but
preached frequently in Cumberland and Westmore
land Counties. Faithful and earnest, firm yet
pacific, his labors were highly prized.
McCune, Hon. Henry E., deacon of the Baptist
church at Dixon, Gal., a man of great social, politi
cal, and religious influence, an intelligent Christian
and generous Baptist. Through his liberality the
large college property at Yacaville, worth $20,000,
was secured for California (Baptist) College. He
is president of its board, and a large contributor to
its funds. The Dixon house of worship, an elegant
edifice, was erected by his aid as a chief contribu
tor. He was born June 10, 1825, in Pike Co., Mo. ;
baptizedin March, 1840,andjoined the Penochurch ;
removed to California, and settled near Yacaville, So-
lano Co., in 1854 ; went into the organization of the
Vacaville Baptist church in 1856 ; was ordained as
deacon in 1863. In 1873 he was elected to the State
senate of California, and served two terms. By oc
cupation he is a farmer, and holds several thousand
acres of fine land. Deacon McCune has been greatly
prospered ; but he holds his wealth as a trust for
the Lord, and, though he gives wisely and largely
for church and denominational enterprises, and is
loved and honored by all who know him, he is one
MCDONALD
of the most modest and unassuming of men. His
home and heart and purse are all for Christ.
IIOX. HENRY E. M CUNE.
McDaniel, James, D.D., was one of the men
whom the Baptists of North Carolina delighted
JAMES M DANIEL, D.D.
to honor. He was born near Fayetteville, N. C.,
in 1803 ; was baptized in 1827, and began to
preach the same year, lie was chiefly instru
mental in the organization of the Fayetteville Bap
tist church, of which he was pastor for thirty-two
years. For six years ho was pastor of the First
Baptist church of Wilmington, N. C., during a
part of which time he was also editor of a religious
journal.
Dr. McDaniel was one of the founders of the
Baptist State Convention, being present at its or
ganization in Greenville, Pitt Co., in IS. iO, and lie
had the honor of presiding over its deliberations
for nineteen years. lie was a trustee of Wake
Forest College for many years, arid his zeal in the
cause of missions was ardent and unremitting.
He was clerk of Cape Fear Association for fourteen
years. Dr. McDaniel possessed in a rare degree
the gifts arid graces of the orator, and many are the
traditions of the pathos and power of his preaching
in Ins you.nger days. At a good old age, and with
liis natural force unabated, this eminent divine
\v;is gathered to his fathers in 1870. Wake Forest
College conferred the degree of Doctor of Divinity
upon him in 1868.
McDonald, Rev. Alexander, was born in
1814, in Scotland. He was converted at Margaree,
Cape Breton, and baptized by Rev. Win. Burton,
lie studied tit Acadia College from 1S38 to 1841.
He was ordained pastor in Prince Edward Island.
lie was pastor of Carleton Baptist church, St.
John, New Brunswick, from 1846 to 1849. He died
Jan. 27, 1851. lie was an earnest, faithful, and
useful minister.
McDonald, GOV. Charles J., was born in Char
leston, S. C., in July, 1793. His parents removed
to Georgia during his infancy. In his youth he
was sent to a classical school in Hancock Co., Ga.,
and was graduated at the University of South Caro
lina during the presidency of Jonathan Maxey, who
at twenty-four years of age was president of Brown
University. Returning to Georgia, young McDon
ald studied law, and even in his early manhood took
rank with the best lawyers in the State. In a short
time he was elected by the Legislature to a judgeship
of the Superior Court. Though his duties were con
fined to a district, he acquitted himself in this office
so handsomely that he became known throughout
the State as one of its ablest jurists. Having pre
viously been a member of the Legislature, he had
acquired some standing among politicians, and in
1839 was elected governor of the State by a hand
some majority. In 1841 he was re-elected to the
same office, although the State, at an election held
for President of the United States only a short time
previously, had given a large majority to his politi
cal opponents. The fact shows that he was a far
more popular man with the people than the party
with which he was identified. Retiring from the
gubernatorial chair, and being still in the vigor of
MCDONALD
769
MCDONALD
his days, he resumed the practice of law. But in
a short time the people called him to be a judge of
the Supreme Court of the State, and he continued
in the office until disabled by the illness which
GOV. CHARLES J. M DON AU).
terminated in his death. lie died at his beautiful
home in Marietta, Ga., in December, 1860.
Perhaps no man was more popular in his day
than Gov. McDonald. Besides commanding all the
votes of his party when a candidate fur office before
the people, he was sustained, from personal con
siderations, by many who dissented from his politi
cal views. This was not because he descended to
the low expedients of the partisan in seeking sup
porters. He utterly despised all unworthy means.
It was his fine character which commanded uni
versal respect. His integrity was above reproach,
whilst as a politician he always aimed at the gen
eral good. On one occasion during a heated can
vass, a friend suggested a method by which he
might gain a great advantage over his opponent.
" It is not honorable," said the governor. What
of that ? It will never be known. " I shall know
it myself: and a man cannot afford to know any
thing mean of himself.
The confidence which the people reposed in his
judgment was another source of the support he en
joyed at their hands. His mind was remarkably
well-balanced. He was singularly sagacious and
discriminating ; and had be been connected as inti
mately with the national as with State politics,
would have left the impress of his wisdom on the
legislation of the country. Throughout life he was
a man of the strictest probity and morality. It is
believed by those who knew him best that he had
experienced converting grace, and, though not bap
tized, he was a decided Baptist, and like Nicholas
Brown, was closely identified with the Baptists.
McDonald, Rev. D. G., was born Feb. 15, 184. !,
at Uigg, Prince Edward Island, where his conver
sion and baptism took place in 1863. He studied
at Acadia College, and was ordained at Newport,
Nova Scotia, Jan. 16, 1873. lie labored as a mis
sionary for some time on Prince Edward Island.
Subsequently he became pastor of the Baptist
church at Charlottetown, the capital of that prov
ince, where his ministry proved highly beneficial.
McDonald, Henry, D.D., was bom in the
county of Antrim, in the north of Ireland, Jan. 3,
1832. He was nurtured in the Roman Catholic
Church, to which his parents and ancestors all be
longed. He was educated in the national schools
of Ireland, and afterwards passed through the regu
lar course of the Normal School, Dublin. In 1848
he left his native country in consequence of the
failure of the patriots to throw from them the yoke
of British oppression, and reached New Orleans,
which city he left, after a few weeks, to visit Ken
tucky. He taught school for some time in Greens-
burg Co., Ky.. and afterwards studied law and was
admitted to the bar. During his residence in
Greensburg County he made a thorough examina
tion of the doctrines of Roman Catholicism, the re
sult of which, after a severe mental struggle, was
the rejection of the whole system as unscriptural.
Abandoning his faith in the church s dogmas, he
was led to a complete trust in Christ alone for sal
vation. In consequence of this radical change in
his religious views and feelings, he publicly pro
fessed his faith in Christ, and united with the Bap
tist church in Greensburg, having been baptized
by the pastor, the Rev. George Peck. He soon felt
it to be his duty to devote himself to the ministry,
and was accordingly licensed by the church and
subsequently ordained, in May, 1854. He was
invited to the pastorate of the church in Greens
burg, and served it with great success for nearly
ten years. During this period he was also pastor,
at different times, of the Friendship and Camp-
bellsville churches, in Taylor County, and the
Mount Gilead church, in Greene County. For one
year he was pastor of the Tate s Creek and NVaco
churches in Madison County, and for six years of
the Danville church. He was afterwards pastor
of the church in Georgetown, Ky., and at the same
time elected to a professorship of Theology in the
Western Baptist Theological Institute, from which
position he subsequently retired to fill the chair of
Moral Philosophy in the Georgetown College, Ky.
The honorary degree of A.M. was conferred upon
him by the Georgetown College, and the degree of
770
D.I), by l)otli the Georgetown and Bethel Colleges,
Ivy. Several years ago. Dr. .McDonald was invited
to the pastorate of the Second Baptist church,
Richmond. Va., which he accepted, and where he
still labors with eminent success. In 1850 he mar
ried, in Greensburg, Miss Mattie Harding, daughter
of the Hon. Aaron Harding, lor several successive
terms a representative in Congress from Kentucky.
Dr. McDonald is greatly gifted as a preacher, im
passioned, eloquent, and a master of men s emotional
nature. Those who know him intimately honor
him greatly.
McDouga 
