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THE BASKETRY BOOK

TWELVE LESSONS IN REED WEAVING

MARY MILES £LANCHARD

MASTER CRAFTSMAN OF REED BASKETRY

NEW YORK

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
1914

Published November, 1914

CONTENTS

PAGE

INTRODUCTION xi

CHAPTER I
MATERIALS, TOOLS, PREPARATION .... 3

CHAPTER II
FUNDAMENTAL WEAVES 6

CHAPTER III
BASE 16

CHAPTER IV
WORK-BASKETS. (MODELS i, 2, AND 3) . . 21

CHAPTER V

BASKETS WITH SIMPLE HANDLES. (MODELS

4, 5, 6, AND 7) 29

vi CONTENTS

CHAPTER VI

PAGE

LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS WITH HANDLES.

(MODEL 8) 36

(DEMONSTRATING VARIATIONS OF A MODEL BY

DIFFERENT WEAVES)

CHAPTER VII

FLOWER BASKETS. (MODELS 9, 10, n, AND

12) 48

(DEMONSTRATING VARIATIONS OF A MODEL BY

DIFFERENT MEASUREMENTS)

CHAPTER VIII

CANDY BASKETS WITH AND WITHOUT LIDS.

(MODELS 13, 14, 15, AND 15*) .... 55

CHAPTER IX

INDIAN CENTRES 62

VIOLET BOWL. (MODEL l6) 68

TABLE JARDINIERES. (MODEL 17) ... 69

CHAPTER X
SCRAP BASKETS. (MODEL 18) 72

CONTENTS vii

CHAPTER XI

PAGE

SCRAP BASKETS. (MODELS 19 AND 20) . . 79

CHAPTER XII

OVAL BASE 84

OVAL BASKETS. (MODELS 21 AND 22) ... 87

CHAPTER XIII

CULLING-PLOWER BASKETS. (MODEL 23) . . 90

LARGE GATHERING BASKET. (MODEL 24) . . 92

CHAPTER XIV

TABLE OF WEAVES 94

TABLE OF COILS 97

SCALE OF MEASUREMENTS FOR MODELS GIVEN

IN THE TWELVE LESSONS ...... 98

TABLE OF BORDERS 99

CHAPTER XV

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 101

ILLUSTRATIONS

Variety of Baskets Showing what Can Be Made with

Reed Frontispiece

FACING PAGE

Figure I. Tools 4

Figure II. "Weaves" 10

Figure III. Four-Spoked Base 18

Figure IV. Base 20

Figure V, Model i 22

Figure VI, Models 4 and 5 30

Figure VII, Models 6 and 7 34

Figure VIII, Model 8 38

Diagram No. o. Base with Thirteen Spokes . . . page 37

Diagrams No. I and No. 2 42

Diagrams No. 3 and No. 4 43

Diagrams No. 5 and No. 6 44

Diagrams No. 7 and No. 8 45

Diagrams No. 9 and No. 10, Handle-Bar 46

Figure IX, Models 9, 10, n, and 12 50

Diagram No. n. Inserting Split Handle-Bars . . page 50

Diagram No. 12. Winding a Split Handle 52

Figure X, Models 13, 14, 15, and is2 56

x ILLUSTRATIONS

FACING FACE

Diagrams No. 13, No. 14, No. 15 60

Diagram No. 16. Indian Centre No. i. Sixteen Spokes 64

Diagram No. 17. Indian Centre No. 2. Sixteen and one

half Spokes 64

Diagram No. 18. Indian Centre No. 3. Sixteen Spokes 65

Diagram No. 19. Indian Centre No. 4. Twenty-four

Spokes 65

Diagram No. 20 page 67

Figure XI, Models 16 and 17 68

Diagram No. 21. Correct and Incorrect Base Spokes page 73

Diagram No. 22. Correct Side Spokes 74

Diagram No. 23. Correct and Incorrect Side Spokes . . 74

Figure XII, Model 18. Scrap Basket 76

Figure XIII, Models 19 and 20 80

Diagram No. 24 page 84

Diagram No. 25. Winding of Intersection of Needles and

Threads in an Oval Base page 85

Diagram No. 26. Right Side of an Oval Base .... 86

Diagram No. 27. Under Side of an Oval Base .... 86

Diagram No. 28. Separating Spokes in an Oval Base page 86

Figure XIV, Models 21 and 22 88

Figure XV, Models 23 and 24 92

INTRODUCTION

BASKETRY is one of the most ancient of crafts and
probably the origin of all the textile arts of the world.

The process of interweaving twigs, seeds, or leaves
is practised among the rudest nations of the world;
and as it is one of the most universal of arts, so also
does it rank among the most ancient industries.

Authorities on the subject declare that there has
never been a tribe in any part of the world that has
not employed some mode of making baskets, and
that all the weaves in use at the present day have
their origin in baskets made by our savage ancestors.

A craft of such antiquity is naturally of surpassing
interest.

The ancient Britons appear to have excelled in
the art of basket making, and the shields of the
ancient warriors and also their huts were made of
wicker-work; and their boats of the same material,
covered with skins of animals, attracted the notice
of the Romans. Herodotus mentions boats of this
kind on the Tigris and Euphrates.

Among many uncivilized tribes of the present day
baskets of a superior order are made and applied to
various useful purposes.

xii INTRODUCTION

The North American Indians prepare strong,
water-tight baskets from roots. The Indians of
South America weave baskets equally useful from
fronds of their native palms, while the Hottentots
of South Africa are as skilful in using reeds and the
roots of plants, and display great adroitness in the
art of basket weaving.

The Chinese and the Japanese excel in the appli-
cation of bamboo in the weaving of baskets and the
making of furniture, and their products are of un-
equalled beauty and finish.

In England and America the value of manual
training is being recognized, and basketry is taking
an important place. The art has proved itself ca-
pable of immense development. New shapes as well
as new designs in weaving are constantly suggesting
themselves, and the most advanced teachers find
that there is a great deal in the craft yet to be
learned.

A thorough and steady training of twelve months
is necessary to become proficient, and three years to
acquire sufficient accuracy and speed (training the
eye for shaping and the hand for regular and even
weaving) to be able to fill correctly orders for special
designs, and to reproduce models from specified
measurements.

George Wharton James has given us the thought
that each basket has a significance in shape, design,
and color all its own, and suggests that in our work

INTRODUCTION xiii

we follow the Indian idea of making the basket the
exponent of something within ourselves; then the
shape, design, and colors will all mean something
more to us than what merely shows on the outside.

Train yourselves to imitate in form the simple
things, and find your true inspiration in nature.

To be proficient in this task one must be perse-
vering, accurate, neat, and capable of making the
hand obey the mind.

THE BASKETRY BOOK

CHAPTER I
MATERIALS, TOOLS, PREPARATION

1. MATERIALS.

Rattan, imported from the East Indies, is used
exclusively in the making of reed baskets. It comes
to us from the manufacturer in round or flat
strips of various sizes, ranging from No. oo to No.
15, the former being the finest and also the most
expensive reed. The reed can be purchased at bas-
ket factories in most of our large cities, or from
retail dealers, in bales weighing from one pound to
one hundred pounds. It is advisable to buy not less
than five pounds of each required number and in-
crease the pounds when necessary. Reed in all sizes
can be procured from the following addresses :

The American Rattan & Reed Mfg. Co., Norman
and Kingsland Avenues, Brooklyn, N. Y.

The New England Reed Company, 9 to 17 Green
Street, Boston, Mass.

2. TOOLS.

(1) Sloyd knife or penknife.

(2) Side cutters or pliers.

(3) Pincers.

(4) Winding awl.

(5) Awl. (See Fig. III.)

(6) Tape measure.

:THE BASKETRY BOOK

V ;^) Fopt rule.
'(8); Pencil. *•*'

(9) Good-sized tin dish pan.

(10) Rubber finger-guards (when the skin becomes
tender).

3. WINDING AWL.

This tool cannot be purchased in hardware stores,
but a machinist can make it by taking an awl, a
trifle smaller than an ordinary lead-pencil, flattening
the end (as in Fig. I) and curving this end slightly
upward. This instrument will be found invaluable
in saving wear and tear on the hands, and in curving
a weaver close to a spoke, where it is impossible to
use the fingers.

4. PREPARATION.

The reed is received from the manufacturer in long
skeins and must be drawn out one reed at a time
from the loop end. The heavier material, which is
to form the ribs or spokes of the basket, should be
cut into lengths of the required number of inches,
while the smaller reed, or "weavers," should be
wound into circles about a foot in diameter, the ends
being twisted in and out several times to prevent
unwinding.

The reed must lie in tepid water for ten minutes
before using it. When pliable, pour the water off
and use the reed while damp. Should it dry out
while using, place in water again, but reed that lies
in water too long becomes brittle. The spokes,
which have already been cut the required length,
should be placed in any vessel that will take their

W '
f* S
D -
O 3

E -3

MATERIALS, TOOLS, PREPARATION 5

length without bending and allowed to soak five
minutes before using.

5. DEFINITIONS.

" Spokes. " The reeds which form the framework,
viz. : ribs of the base or sides of the basket.

(a) Base Spokes. Spokes used in the base.

(b) Side Spokes. Spokes used in the sides of a
basket.

(d) For convenience the spokes to the left of the
initial spoke will be termed X, Y, Z; the initial
spoke No. I and the spokes to the right of this spoke
No. 2 and No. 3.

(e) "Weavers." The reed or reeds woven over
and under the spokes. These must necessarily be
smaller in size than the spokes.

(/) The weavers will be designated by the same
terms as the spokes behind which they start, viz.:
Weaver starting behind the initial spoke is weaver
No. i.

(g) "Stroke" is the distance a weaver is carried
in one movement, either in front or back of the
spokes.

CHAPTER II
FUNDAMENTAL WEAVES

6. The eight fundamental weaves (Fig. II) will
be developed in the lessons following, and can only
be acquired by thoroughly understanding each
weave as it is explained in the lesson. Make a
practice of referring to this chapter, as the different
weaves come into play, until each weave becomes
second nature to you.

(1) "Over and under."

(2) "Double over and under"

(3) "Japanese weave."

(4) "Double Japanese"

(5) "Pairing."

(6) " Triple weave."

(7) "Coil."

(8) "Arrow."

7. GENERAL RULE. Weave from left to right.

8. OVER AND UNDER. (Fig. II, i.)

In front of one spoke and back of one.

(a) One Weaver. When there is an odd number
of spokes, the weaver is placed behind a spoke and
carried in front of the next spoke, thus alternating
over and under around the basket.

FUNDAMENTAL WEAVES 7

(b) Two Weavers.- When there is an even number
of spokes, carry the first weaver once around the
basket, stopping in front of the spoke to the left of
the initial spoke, i. e., spoke Z (5 D). Insert a sec-
ond weaver behind this spoke, or spoke Z, and carry
it around the basket, allowing the second weaver to
pass back of the spokes that the first weaver passed
in front of, and in front of the spokes that the first
weaver passed back of, and so continue the weave
by carrying each weaver separately around the bas-
ket; keeping the first weaver always ahead of the
second weaver, to prevent crossing.

9. DOUBLE OVER AND UNDER. (Fig. II, 2.)
In front of one spoke and back of one.

This weave is exactly the same as "over and
under," except that two weavers are carried as one.

(a) Two weavers carried as one when there is an
odd number of spokes. These two weavers are
placed behind the same spoke and carried in front
of the next spoke, thus alternating over and under
around the basket.

(b) Four weavers carried as two pairs when there
is an even number of spokes. Place two weavers be-
hind the same spoke, and carry this first pair once
around the basket, stopping in front of the spoke
to the left of the initial spoke. Insert a second
pair of weavers behind this spoke (i. e.y the one to
the left of the initial spoke) and carry them around
the basket and so continue by carrying each pair of
weavers separately around the basket; keeping the
first pair of weavers always ahead of the second pair,
to prevent crossing.

8 THE BASKETRY BOOK

10. JAPANESE WEAVE. (Fig. II, 3.)

In front of two spokes and back of one.

One Weaver. This weave cannot be used where
the number of spokes is divisible by three.

11. DOUBLE JAPANESE. (Fig. II, 4.)

In front of two spokes and back of one.

Two weavers carried as one where the number of
spokes is not divisible by three. Place the two
weavers behind the same spoke and carry them as
one, in front of two spokes and back of one.

12. PAIRING. (Fig. II, 5.)

In front of one spoke and back of one.

Two Weavers. This weave can be used on an odd
or even number of spokes. Two weavers are placed
behind two consecutive spokes. The weaver to the
left, each time, is carried in front of one spoke and
back of one, allowing it to cross on top of the weaver
to the right.

"Pairing" differs from "over and under" in the
fact that, in pairing, the weaver to the left, or back
weaver, each time crosses over the front weaver (i. e.9
weaver to right), while in "over and under" the
weavers never cross each other.

13. TRIPLE WEAVE. (Fig. II, 6.)

In front of two spokes and back of one.

Three Weavers. This weave can be used on an
odd or even number of spokes.

Three weavers are placed behind three consecu-
tive spokes and each weaver (beginning with the

FUNDAMENTAL WEAVES 9

weaver to the left) is brought, in succession, in front
of two spokes, and back of one, allowing it to cross
on top of the two weavers to the right.

14. Notice the similarity between "pairing" and
"triple weave."

In pairing, two weavers are used, and each weaver
in turn passes over one weaver, and two spokes
come into play.

In triple, three weavers are used, and each weaver
in turn passes over two weavers, and three spokes
come into play.

15. COIL. (Fig. II, 7.)

A coil is one row of heavy weaving around the
basket, resembling a rope twist.

It is a variation of the triple weave, though four
or more weavers may be used.

(a) Three-Rod Coil. Three weavers: In front of
two spokes and back of one.

(b) Four-Rod Coil. Four weavers: In front of
three spokes and back of one.

1 6. The following rule is imperative:

ALL COILS MUST BE REVERSED AND LOCKED.

17. REVERSING A COIL.

Example— Three-Rod Coil

Three Weavers. Each weaver measuring six inches
longer than the circumference of the basket. In

front of two spokes and back of one.

10 THE BASKETRY BOOK

In beginning a coil allow at least two inches of
each weaver on the inside of the basket. The
weavers are carried around the basket as in triple
weave, stopping before the initial spoke. For con-
venience, we will mark these three spokes (to the
left of the initial spoke) X, Y, Z, and number the
initial spoke and the two to its right I, 2, 3.

At this point the weaving is to be reversed, as
follows: Carry the weaver passing back of spoke Z
(i. e.y the right-hand weaver) in front of spokes I
and 2 and back of spoke 3. (Fig. II, 7.)

The weaver back of spoke Y passes in front of
spokes Z and I and back of spoke 2. (Fig. II, 7.)

The weaver at X passes in front of spokes Y and
Z and back of spoke I (i. e., the initial spoke).

Explanation : In reversing a coil you reverse the
weaving; that is, instead of carrying the left-hand
weaver, you carry the right-hand weaver, and, if
the coil is completed correctly, the left-hand weaver
will finish behind the initial spoke and the other
two weavers behind spokes 2 and 3. (Fig. II, 7.)

Notice that behind these three spokes there is the
beginning of a weaver and the ending of a weaver.
These three pairs must be locked.

1 8. LOCKING A COIL.

Behind each of these three spokes we have the
beginning of a weaver and the ending of a weaver,
which we will designate as "beginning weaver" and
"ending weaver."

With the left hand hold the "beginning weaver"
back of spoke 3, inward and away from the spoke,
and with the right hand draw the "ending weaver"

FUNDAMENTAL WEAVES n

back of the spoke 3 and under the coil to the outside
of the basket, so that the two weavers lie flat, side by
side.

Continue the same with the two weavers at
spokes 2 and I.

Trim the three weavers on the outside of the bas-
ket with a very slanting cut close to the coil; likewise
the three on the inside of the basket.

19. ARROW. (Fig. II, 8.)

Two rows of weaving, converging at each spoke, and
composed of:

(a) 2 rows of "pairing."

(b) 2 rows of "three-rod coil."

Example — Three-Rod Arrow.

Three Weavers. Each weaver must measure twice
the circumference, as it requires two rows to com-
plete the arrow.

The first row of an "arrow" consists of a coil and
must be reversed but not locked. (Fig. II, 8.)

In the second row each weaver, in turn, as it
passes in front of the two spokes, is carried under
the weavers to the right, instead of on top of them
as in the first row. This causes the weavers of the
second row to converge with those of the first row
at each spoke.

Explanation of second row : Hold the two weavers
to the right, with the left hand, and draw them up
and out toward you, allowing the left-hand weaver
to pass in front of two spokes, under these two weav-

12 THE BASKETRY BOOK

ers, and back of the third spoke and out. Continue
this around the basket, always taking the left-hand
weaver until you come to the initial spoke, when you
complete the "arrow." This is very different from
reversing a coil and must not be confused with
same.

Completing the "Arrow." Completing the second
row of an "arrow," the first weaver ends back of
the initial spoke and on the inside of the basket.
(Fig. II, 8, X-i.) The second weaver to the left
passes in front of two spokes, under the one remain-
ing weaver to the right, and also under the first
stroke of the second row of the arrow, ending behind
spoke 2 on the inside of the basket. (Fig. II, 8, Y-2.)
The third weaver passes in front of two spokes and
under the two weavers which compose the first and
second strokes of the second row of the arrow,
and this third weaver ends behind spoke 3 on the
inside of the basket. (Fig. II, 8, Z~3.)

In completing an "arrow" bear in mind that the
weavers are lacing with the weavers that began the
second row and have nothing to do with the first
row. That row was completed when the weaving
was reversed.

20. RULE.

(a) First weaver ends back of the initial spoke.

(b) Second weaver laces under. the weaver which
passes in front of spoke 2.

(d) In a four-rod arrow, the fourth weaver laces
under the three weavers that pass in front of spoke 4.

FUNDAMENTAL WEAVES 13

21. DOUBLE WEAVING.

Carrying two weavers as one, as: "double over
and under/' "double Japanese," "double pairing,"
and "double triple weave."

22. TERMS.

(a) Turn of a Basket. The point where the sides
of the basket leave the base.

(b) Shoulder of a Basket. The turn at the top of
a basket.

(d) Border. The finishing of a basket at the top,
formed by the spokes.

(e) Mending. The insertion of a new weaver to
continue the weave, when the previous weaver has
been terminated.

(/) Mending Spoke. The spoke behind which the
mending is done.

23. MENDING OVER AND UNDER.

Allow the short weaver to end behind a spoke.
Make a slanting cut on the weaver to the right of the
spoke and lay the new weaver back of the same
spoke, trimming it on the left-hand side of the spoke.

24. MENDING PAIRING.

Same as mending "over and under."

25. MENDING DOUBLE OVER AND UNDER.

The method is the same as in single "over and
under," but always insert the new weaver below, no

14 THE BASKETRY BOOK

matter whether it is the under or upper weaver that
is being mended.

26. MENDING JAPANESE WEAVE.

Allow the short weaver to end behind a spoke and
trim the weaver on the right side of the spoke.
Insert the new weaver down in the weaving on the
right-hand side of the spoke to the left of the mend-
ing spoke (22/). Carry this new weaver back of
the mending spoke, on top of the short end, and
to the outside of the basket and continue the weave.
Notice that the new weaver comes out just where
the short one would have continued.

In a model that requires very neat weaving, mend
"Japanese weave" like "triple weave" (28).

27. MENDING DOUBLE JAPANESE.

Mend as in single "over and under," always in-
serting the new weaver below, no matter whether it
is the upper or under weaver that is being mended.

28. MENDING TRIPLE WEAVE.

Trim the weaver to be mended about one quarter
of an inch on the right side of the mending spoke
(22/). With the pincers, pinch this weaver on the
left side of the mending spoke, and turn it down in
the weaving on the left side of the mending spoke.
Insert the new weaver in the weaving on the right
side of the spoke to the left of the mending spoke.
Pinch close to the weaving and carry the new
weaver back of the mending spoke and to the out-
side of the basket. This process of mending "triple
weave" is the neatest method and is used where the

FUNDAMENTAL WEAVES 15

inside of the basket is desired to be smooth; other-
wise "triple weave" may be mended as in "Jap-
anese" mending (26).

29. MENDING A COIL.

Allow the short weaver to end back of a spoke.
Hold it away from the spoke on the inside of the
basket and insert a new weaver to the right of it,
close to the mending spoke. Allow the end of the
new weaver to pass to the outside of the basket in
the space to the left of the mending spoke and thus
lock with the short end of the old weaver, so that
the two weavers lie flat, side by side. Carry the new
weaver back of the mending spoke and to the out-
side of the basket.

A coil may also be mended as described in 28.

30. MENDING AN ARROW.

The method in both rows is the same as mending a
coil (29).

31. DIRECTIONS FOR MEASURING A BASKET.

(a) Base. The diameter of the under-side of the
base without the arrow.

(b) Height. Place the basket on a table and take
the perpendicular distance between the table and a
rule laid across the top of the basket.

(d) Greatest Diameter. The greatest distance be-
tween the sides of the basket.

CHAPTER III
BASE

32. As the base is the starting-point in making
baskets and the most important factor, it is wise
for the student to conquer this part of the weaving
first. Make at least six perfect bases with the cor-
rect slope, straight spokes, and with no mistake in
the weaving before attempting the sides of the bas-
ket. A base that is not correct should be ripped
out, the materials resoaked and made over.

33. RULE FOR ROUND BASES.

(a) The spokes must radiate from the centre, be
an equidistance from each other, and curve down-
ward evenly.

(b) The weaving must be executed with equal ten-
sion, it must be smooth and very close. Draw the
weaver down tight, so that it will press close to the
weaving of the preceding row.

(c) The curve of a finished base should resemble
an inverted saucer. In a four or five inch base, the
centre should be three fourths of an inch from the
table when the ends of the base spokes rest on
the table.

(d) The base spokes should be cut one and one
half inches longer than the required dimensions of
the base.

BASE 17

34. MATERIALS.

Eight spokes, six inches long, No. 5 reed. Weavers
No. 2 reed.

Soak the spokes and reed in tepid water for ten
minutes. Place four of the spokes on a block of
wood and, with the awl, pierce these four spokes
successively in the centre, making a slit about an
inch long and keeping them on the awl as seen in
Fig. III. These four spokes are called the "needles"
and the remaining four the "threads." Make a
slanting cut on one end of each of the "threads" and
push these four-pointed spokes, one at a time,
through the slits of the "needles," drawing them
half-way through the "needles." When one is in
place the awl may be removed and the other three
inserted. This operation is termed "threading the
needles."

Holding the ends of the needles in both hands,
curve them slightly downward from the centre out;
likewise the threads. This helps to direct the spokes
in the curve that you wish to weave the base.

35. THE BUTTON OF THE BASE.

Select a soft, mellow weaver of No. 2 reed and,
with the pincers, crush the fibre about twenty inches
from one end, so that the weaver can be turned back
on itself without breaking. Place the spokes before
you with the concave side down and one end of the
needles pointing toward you. With the left hand
pick the spokes up, having the thumb and back of
your hand above and the fingers underneath the
spokes. The "needles" will be vertical or parallel
with your body and the "threads" horizontal. With

18 THE BASKETRY BOOK

the right hand place the crushed point of the weaver
in the outer left-hand angle, where the "threads"
meet the "needles" (Fig. Ill, a), placing the long
end of the weaver in front of the vertical spokes or
"needles" and the short end underneath. With in-
dex finger and thumb of the right hand draw the long
end of the weaver down in the outer right-hand angle
(Fig. Ill, b)y holding it in place with the middle fin-
ger of the left hand and bring the short weaver back
of the "needles" up at the outer right-hand angle
(Fig. Ill, b) and on top of the long weaver just car-
ried down. Turn the spokes to the left, so that the
"threads" are now pointing toward the body and
the "needles" horizontal.

Move the position of the left hand each time you
turn the base, always having the thumb and back of
the hand on top, with the thumb resting on the
centre of the spokes and the fingers underneath.
Carry the short weaver in front of the "threads,"
close to the "needles" and down at the third angle
(Fig. Ill, c)9 which is now in the position of b in the
plate, holding it underneath with the middle finger
of the left hand. Bring the long weaver under the
threads and up at angle c, on top of the short weaver
just taken down.

Turn the spokes to the left and carry the long
weaver in front of the "needles" and down at angle
d, and bring the short weaver back of the "needles"
and up at angle d, on top of the long weaver just
taken down.

Turn the spokes to the left and carry the short
weaver in front of the threads and down at angle a,
and bring the long weaver back of the threads and

BASE 19

up at angle a, on top of the short weaver just taken
down.

This completes one circuit of the button, and you
continue the weave until you have made four com-
plete circuits and have four weavers crossing the
two sets of "needles" and the two sets of "threads."

(Fig. Ill, 3.)

This forms the button of the base, and, when
woven correctly, the short weaver passes down in
the last angle and the long weaver, which is under-
neath, is brought up between the two spokes to
the left of this angle instead of at the angle. (Fig.
Ill, 3.) The spoke to the left of the long weaver is
the initial spoke of the base. (Fig. Ill, 3.)

36. THE WEAVING OF A BASE.

Japanese weave (10), in front of two and back of
one, is the most practical weave for bases.

The spokes of the base must now be separated as
in Fig. IV, i.

This separation must be done with the greatest
care and evenness, bearing in mind that the spokes
must radiate from the centre at an equal distance
from each other and also must have a gradual down-
ward curve. The winding awl will be found most
helpful in the first few rows of a base, as a spoke that
tends to lie above or below the other spokes can be
brought into position with this tool.

As you weave, press each stroke down tight be-
tween the spokes, using the winding awl in the first
few rows, and draw the weaver close to the weaving
of the preceding row. By the time the third row is
woven, the spokes should be evenly separated.

20 THE BASKETRY BOOK

As you carry the weaver each time in front of two
spokes and down between the spokes, with the index-
finger of the right hand endeavor to give the weaver
a slight curve down and in toward the centre, so that
it will curve under the spoke rather than merely pass
back of it. This curving of the weaver can only be
mastered by practice, but it is essential in all weaving
as it not only adds strength and beauty to the
weaving but prevents the weaver from standing out
from the weavers of the preceding row. Do not for-
get with every stroke down, in the first few rows of
the base, to use your winding awl and press the
weaving as close to the button as possible. As you
weave, curve the base slightly downward.

Continue the Japanese weave until the diameter
of the base underneath measures three and three
quarters (3^) inches. Stop the weave at the initial
spoke and turn the base over. Lace the weaver
under the weaver of the preceding row that crosses
the spoke and cut it off, allowing about an inch, so
that it will not pull out. With a slanting cut, trim
any weavers underneath that may stick out where
you mended. Refer to mending of Japanese weave
(26) when a new weaver is needed. Do not trim
the base spokes until you are ready to weave the
sides of the basket.

Make a second base and, if it proves stronger, a
better curve and smoother weaving, rip the first one
out, soak the weavers, and make it over. Continue
this until you have six perfect bases.

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• •%•• • •

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CHAPTER IV
WORK-BASKETS

37. WORK-BASKET I, MODEL i.

DIMENSIONS

Base 4^ inches.

Height 4 inches.

Opening 9% inches.

MATERIALS

8 base spokes No. 5 reed, 6 inches long.

Weavers No. 2 reed.

32 side spokes No. \yi reed, 18 inches long.

Weavers No. 3 reed.

Weave base as described in paragraph on bases

(34-36).

38. Soak side spokes five minutes and with a
knife sharpen the ends that are to be inserted in the
base with a long slanting cut of about an inch. Turn
the base upside down in your lap, trim one spoke at a
time of the base spokes, as close to the weaving as
possible, pressing the pliers tight against the weav-
ing as you cut. Insert two of the side spokes (No.
\Y^) on either side of the base spoke, having first run
the awl down along the spoke to open the way and
push the spoke down to the button.

22 THE BASKETRY BOOK

Should any of these spokes prove soft, reject them
and replace them with hard ones, as one soft spoke
in a basket may ruin a model. Continue around the
base until each spoke has been bi-spoked with two
spokes of No.

39. SEPARATING THE BI-SPOKES IN A BASE BY
MEANS OF A THREE-ROD ARROW.

These side spokes must now be separated an equal
distance apart before turning the basket. This is
accomplished by a three-rod arrow (19). (See Fig.

IV, 3.)

Select a soft weaver of No. 3 reed, measure the
circumference of the base, allowing an inch over,
double the length and cut two weavers of equal
length from soft reed. These three weavers, each
twice the circumference of the base, will make the
arrow. Place the base with the inserted spokes on
your lap with face or right side of the base up.
Select any spoke and run one of the weavers close
down in the weaving on the right side of the spoke,
pinch it close to the weaving, and allow it to lie on
the top of the base. Mark this spoke with a pencil
mark or string, as it is the first or initial spoke of the
arrow. Insert a second weaver in the same way on
the right side of the spoke to the right, and the third
weaver to the right of the third spoke, pinch and
draw on top of base. Carry each left-hand weaver
in succession in front of two spokes and under the
third, allowing it to pass on top of the other two
weavers. See directions for making an arrow (19),
and follow them accurately, remembering as you
weave to separate the spokes an equal distance apart.

WORK-BASKETS 23

Reverse the first arrow in the row at the initial spoke,
and make the second row of the arrow with great
care.

This part of the weaving will be difficult for a
beginner, but must be mastered at the start as it is
essential to separate the side spokes before attempt-
ing to turn the basket; trim the weavers on the wrong
side with a slanting cut.

40. TURNING THE BASKET.

Turn the basket over and pinch the spokes very
close to the weaving of the arrow. Select four
weavers of No. 3 reed.

A basket can be turned best from the base by a
four-rod coil (15^, 17), and, as a rule, it takes three
rows of coils to turn the spokes at a right angle from
the base, as in Fig. V.

Insert these four weavers at four consecutive
spokes, marking the first one to the left as the initial
spoke of the basket. Hold the base with the concave
or under side toward your body. The bi-spokes
are now to be turned, each one in its order, at right
angles to the base. As you carry each left-hand
weaver in front of three spokes and back of one,
guide the direction of the three spokes so that they
turn perfectly evenly and are the same distance
apart, and direct them to form the same angle with
the base. The turning of a basket is one of the
most important features of basket weaving. Re-
verse the weaving at the initial spoke to complete
the coil but do not lock as in a single coil, remember-
ing that when a coil is followed by a second one the
locking is omitted. Make a second and finally a

24 THE BASKETRY BOOK

third coil, reversing each time at the initial spoke.
At the end of the third coil the spokes should be
turned as in Fig. V. Cut out the fourth weaver and
continue in triple weave (13) for three quarters of an
inch. You will notice at the initial spoke that the
weavers in the first two rows of the triple weave
pass immediately one on top of the other, making a
slight blemish in the weaving; but it is wiser not to
reverse the triple weave at the initial spoke as it
tends to make a depression in the weaving at this
point of the basket. Cut out the third weaver, and
weave one and five eighths inches of "double Jap-
anese weave" (n), carrying the two weavers as
one. At the beginning of this weave the weaver at
the initial spoke passes in front of two spokes and
back of the third, while the weaver to the right of
it passes over one spoke and under one, which brings
the two weavers under the same spoke, and now the
"Japanese weave" can be done correctly.

Finish this weave as you began, one weaver back
of the initial spoke and the second to the right of
it. Insert a third weaver and continue in "triple
weave" (13), one and one quarter inches. Finish
the top of the weaving with a four-rod locked coil
(15^, 17-18). The diameter of the basket should
measure ten and one half inches.

41. BORDER No. i MADE IN THREE Rows.

Soak the spokes and crush them very close to the
weaving, and make the following border:

First Row. Take any spoke, as No. i, and carry
it to the right and back of Nos. 2 and 3 close to the
weaving and to the outside of the basket. No. 2 is

WORK-BASKETS 25

brought back of Nos. 3 and 4, and so on around the
basket.

Do not draw the first two spokes of the border
too close, for when the circuit is being completed the
last two standing spokes must lace under the first
two spokes laid down and come to the outside of the
basket.

Second Row. Each spoke in turn is carried in
front of three of the original standing spokes and
on top of the spokes to the right of it and inside of
the basket, under the first row of the border, not
drawing the first three spokes in this row too tight,
as the last three must pass over them. This row
forms a heavy coil on the outside rim of the basket
and can be made to lie more evenly by running the
palm of the hand around the basket. The spokes
now are all on the inside of the basket.

Third Row. Carry each spoke in turn on top of
the two spokes to the right and down under the
third, curving the spokes in close to the basket and
lacing the last two spokes in the row with the first
two spokes of the third row laid down. Be careful
in finishing this row not to confuse the last two
strokes with any of the strokes in the first row. To
make it easier insert your awl or a little piece of
reed back of the first stroke in this third row
as a mark, when you come to lace in the last two
spokes.

The diameter of your basket should now measure
about nine and one half inches.

Trim each spoke neatly with a slanting cut on
the right-hand side of the spoke it passed under in
the third row.

26 THE BASKETRY BOOK

42. In weaving great care must be taken to
keep the spokes in correct position, in reference to
the base and each other. This is a most difficult
part of basket weaving and can only be acquired by
close attention to the two rules following:

First. The spokes must all have the same slope
from the base; as each spoke comes into play see
that it does not push in or bend out farther than the
spokes on either side of it.

Second. Keep the spokes an equal distance from
each other.

Continue to produce this model until you have a
firm basket, with straight spokes, even weaving,
and the specified measurements.

This model may be reproduced in a smaller size
by using a smaller base.

43. WORK-BASKET, MODEL No. 2.

DIMENSIONS

Base 52^ inches.

Height 3>£ inches.

Opening 9^ inches.

MATERIALS

8 base spokes No. 5 reed, 7 inches long.

Weavers No. 2 reed.

32 side spokes No. \% reed, 18 inches long.

Weavers Nos. 2 and 3 reed.

Weaving. Four-spoke base (34-36) five and three
quarters inches.

Bi-spoke with thirty-two side spokes (38), and
separated with a three-rod arrow (39).

WORK-BASKETS 27

Pinch and turn with two rows of a four-rod coil
(40).

Three rows of triple weave (13).

Six rows of over-and-under weave (8&), using two
weavers as the number of spokes is even.

Four-rod arrow (19-20^).

One inch of double over-and-under weave (8£),
using four weavers of No. 2 reed.

And finish with a four-rod coil locked (15^, 17-18).

Border No. i (41).

See Work-Basket No. I.

44. BOWL-SHAPED BASKET, MODEL No. 3.

Base 4 inches.

Height 4 inches.

Opening 8 inches.

Diameter 9 inches.

Do not pinch the spokes at the base but make a
gradual curve from the base like a bowl, until your
diameter is nine inches, then curve inward until the
diameter is eight inches.

Select your own weaves.

45. QUESTIONS.

One. What part of the weaving is designated by
the term "Button"?

Two. Holding the base spokes in the first posi-
tion, that is, needles parallel to the body, which
spoke becomes the initial spoke of the base? Is it a
needle or one of the threads ?

Three. Of what use is the arrow in the base ?

Four. What does bi-spoking mean ?

28 THE BASKETRY BOOK

Five. What is the difference between a three-rod
coil and triple weave ?

Six. What two distinct features in weaving deter-
mine a coil ?

Seven. When a coil is followed immediately by a
second one, what part of the weaving of a coil is
omitted ?

Eight. What is the long stroke in "Japanese
weave" ?

Nine. Describe how "double Japanese weave"
is begun ?

Ten. What two fundamental principles of weav-
ing characterize the position of the spokes in a
basket?

CHAPTER V
BASKETS WITH SIMPLE HANDLES

Rule. Baskets with handles must always be made
on an even number of spokes.

46. MODEL No. 4. BOWL-SHAPED BASKET, WOUND
HANDLE.

DIMENSIONS

Base 4>£ inches.

Height 4>£ inches.

Opening 8>£ inches.

From coil at base to coil at border four and a half
inches (by tape measure).

MATERIALS

8 base spokes No. 5 reed, 6 inches long.

Weavers No. 2 reed.

32 side spokes No. 4^ reed, 16 inches long.

Weavers No. 3 reed.

Weave base as directed in lesson No. I (34-36),
sharpen the side spokes and insert in the base, sepa-
rating them with a three-rod arrow on the right side
of the base (39).

In turning this basket at the base the side spokes
are not crushed, as in the previous models, but are
turned gradually, making what is known in basketry
as a bowl-shaped turn, the same as the turn in basket
No. 3 of the second lesson (44).

30 THE BASKETRY BOOK

Turn the base face downward and make a four-
rod coil (locked) of No. 3, turning each spoke as you
pass over it slightly upward. This coil gives the
basket something to rest on and helps to direct the
spokes into the correct slope from the base.

Weaving the Basket. Proceed with one and one
half inches of "over-and-under weave," using No. 3
reed (use two weavers always on an even number of
spokes, (8 H)\ one and one half inches of "double
Japanese" (n), using No. 3 reed; one and one half
inches of "triple weave," using No. 3 reed; finish with
a four-rod locked coil, using No. 3 reed (15^, 18).

Border. Crush the spokes (41). First row back of
two spokes and out, second row in front of three and
in under first row, 'third row over two spokes and
down.

47. HANDLE. The handles given in this lesson
are very simple and used only on small baskets, but if
a beginner masters them and understands the princi-
ple, the more elaborate ones will be acquired with
greater ease. There are three essential points to be
considered in the handles:

(a) The size of the handle-bar must correspond
with the size of the basket.

(b) The height of the handle must correspond with
the height of the basket.

(c) The two ends of the handle-bar must be in-
serted at two spokes in the basket that are exactly
opposite each other; and these two spokes must be
one or other of the two side spokes inserted between
the two middle needles in the base or the two middle
threads.

BASKETS WITH SIMPLE HANDLES 31

48. MATERIALS.

Handle-bar No. 8 reed, 21 inches long.

Weavers No. 3 reed.

With a long stroke of the knife cut one side of the
end of the handle-bar into a point about two inches
long, making it perfectly smooth. Cut the other end
in the same manner, taking care to pare both ends
on the same side of the bar.

Insert these ends down beside the spokes selected
in the basket, previously opening the way with an
awl. Press the bar down two and a half inches be-
tween the weaving; the other end of the bar is in-
serted in the same way beside a spoke exactly oppo-
site the spoke at which the first one was placed.
This makes the foundation handle.

49. Select a pliable weaver of No. 3 reed and
with it measure the height of the handle-bar from
border to border, allowing two inches over. Take
three times this length for one weaver and cut a
second one.

(a) Insert these two weavers under the coil at the
top of the basket, and to the right of the spoke hold-
ing the handle-bar, and draw these two ends through
to the inside of the basket for at least two inches.
Carry them back of the handle-bar to the left and
under the coil to the outside of the basket, and in
front of the next spoke to the left to the inside of the
basket, and trim the ends off. This fastens the ends
of the weavers and must always be done before at-
tempting to wind the handle.

(b-i) Take up the two long weavers on the out-

32 THE BASKETRY BOOK

side of the basket and carry them to the left up over
the border across the handle-bar and wind them
around the bar at regular intervals about two and a
half inches apart. On reaching the other side, in-
sert the two weavers under the coil on the outside of
the basket to the right of the handle-bar and draw
them through to the inside of the basket.

(b-2) Bring the two weavers up on the right side of
the bar and curve them around the bar, allowing
the weaver to the right to turn downward and lie
close to the first row of winding on the handle-bar
just completed; the weaver to the left must lie close
to the right one and above it. Carry these weavers
back over the bar to the other side as close to the
first winding as possible. On reaching the other side
where the winding started, instead of taking the
weavers to the right of the bar insert them under
the coil and to the left of the handle-bar and then
draw them through to the inside of the basket. This
gives two pairs of weavers, one on each side of the
bar.

(£-3) Carry the weavers, now on the inside of the
basket, back of the handle-bar and up on the right
side of the bar, and bring them to the outside of the
bar, curving the weavers down to meet the winding
already on the bar, so that the weaver to the right
falls next to the winding on the bar, and the left
one is close to it and above it. On reaching the
other side, carry the weavers under the coil and to
the left of the handle-bar, and draw them through
to the inside of the basket and fasten these ends as
in the beginning of the winding, by taking them to
the right, back of the bar, and to the outside of the

BASKETS WITH SIMPLE HANDLES 33

basket under the coil, and in and out over one or two
spokes to the right.

50. Before the reed dries out, singe the ends
over a lamp or gas-stove, being careful not to hold
the basket too close.

51. MODEL No. 5, JAPANESE HANDLE.

DIMENSIONS

Base \% inches.

Height 4>£ inches.

Opening 9^ inches.

MATERIALS

8 base spokes No. 5 reed, 6 inches long.

Weavers No. 2 reed.

32 side spokes No. 4^ reed, 15 inches long.

Weavers No. 3 reed.

Weave base as directed in lesson No. i (34-36),
separate side spokes with three-rod arrow (39).
Crush spokes and turn directly up with three rows
of four-rod coils (40), remembering that a coil fol-
lowed immediately by another one is not locked.
In the fourth row carry the weavers under instead
of over the weavers following, thus making an
arrow with the third coil (19). Lace the weaving at
the initial spoke to complete the arrow.

Cut out three of the weavers, and with one
weaver at the initial spoke, weave two inches of the
"single Japanese weave" (10); at this point the
diameter should measure seven and one half inches.
Measure the circumference and take four weavers

34 THE BASKETRY BOOK

of No. 3, twice this length, and make a four-rod
arrow (io/-2O<f), weave one and one fourth inches
of "double over-and-under weave" (9), carrying
four weavers, two as one, as the spokes are of even
number.

Complete the basket with a four-rod coil (19-20)
of No. \y2 reed.

52. BORDER No. 2.

Crush the spokes, first row in front of three spokes,
and in; second row over two spokes and down.

53. JAPANESE HANDLE.

See directions for handle under model No. 4 for
preparing the handle-bar (47).

Select a pliable weaver and measure twice the
height of the handle from border to border, allowing
fully eight inches over. Crush the middle point in
this weaver, and from the inside of the basket draw
one end to the outside under the coil to the right of
the bar, and the other end to the outside under the
coil to the left of the bar. Draw the two ends tight
so that the crushed part lies close to the bar. Cross
these weavers, carrying the right-hand one over the
border to the left of the bar, and likewise the left-
hand one to the right. Crossing these back of the
bar, bring them to the top and under again, and so
on at equal intervals to the other side of the basket.
Take them on the outside of the border and under
the coil to the inside, where they are crossed under-
neath the inside coil and fastened off by bringing
each end out across a spoke and inside the basket,
where the ends are trimmed.

BASKETS WITH SIMPLE HANDLES 35

54. FIG. VII, MODELS 6 AND 7.

The two models in Fig. VII are given without
the measurements. The students are to reproduce
them proportionately, choosing their own measure-
ments.

55. QUESTIONS.

Eleven. What constitutes a four-spoke base ?

Twelve. Can a handle basket be made on an odd
number of spokes ?

Thirteen. Give the reason for your answer to
question twelve.

CHAPTER VI

LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS WITH
HANDLES

56. FIGURE VIII, MODEL No. 8.

This lesson demonstrates how a model may be
varied by the use of different weaves.

57. NEW PROPOSITIONS.

No. I. Base with thirteen spokes.
No. 2. Colonial weave.
No. 3. Bellefonte weave.
No. 4. Two-ply weave.

58. BASE WITH THIRTEEN SPOKES.
Thread three spokes with three needles.
Make a button of three winds.

Pare an extra spoke three fourths the length of the
other ones to a point and insert it between two of
the threads, well down into the button, not allowing
it to pass beyond the opposite edge of the button.
Separate these thirteen spokes an equal distance
apart, using the "Japanese weave" (10).

59. COLONIAL WEAVE.

In front of two spokes and back of two spokes; one
weaver.

This weave can be used in baskets where the
number of spokes, when divided by four, leaves a

LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS

remainder of 2 (i. e.9 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, etc.).
Change the weave by passing under one spoke; this
is done as follows: Weave over two and back of two
until there are two strokes over every two sets of
spokes. Then change the weave by bringing the
weaver under one spoke instead of two spokes, and

'"INSERT DORA
SPQKl

IXTRA SPOKE

DIREW THREADS

DIAGRAM O. BASE WITH THIRTEEN SPOKES

proceed as before, over two spokes and back of two
spokes, changing each time when the point is reached
where three strokes would pass over any two spokes,
if such change were not made.

Explanation, 10 Spokes

Row i. Start with weaver back of spoke No. i,
pass weaver over Nos. 2 and 3, under Nos. 4 and 5,
over Nos. 6 and 7, under Nos. 8 and 9, and over Nos.
10 and i.

Row 2. Pass weaver under Nos. 2 and 3, and over
Nos. 4 and 5, under Nos. 6 and 7, over Nos. 8 and 9,
under Nos. 10 and I.

38 THE BASKETRY BOOK

Row 3. Pass weaver over Nos. 2 and 3, under
Nos. 4 and 5, over Nos. 6 and 7, under Nos. 8 and 9,
over Nos. 10 and I.

Row 4. Pass weaver under Nos. 2 and 3, over
Nos. 4 and 5, under Nos. 6 and 7, over Nos. 8 and 9,
and under No. 10 only.

This changes the weave in row No. 5 to — over
Nos. I and 2, under Nos. 3 and 4, over Nos. 5
and 6, etc. Keep the basket damp, and press the
weaving down, giving it a kink.

60. MENDING COLONIAL WEAVE.

Allow the short weaver to end back of a spoke
on the inside of the basket; holding it away from
the spoke, draw the new weaver from the inside of
the basket to the outside, splicing it with the old
weaver and carrying it back of the mending spoke
and the one to the right, following the line the old
weaver naturally would have taken. Trim the new
weavers on the outside of the basket with a slanting
stroke close to the left of the mending spoke.

61. BELLEFONTE WEAVE.

In front of one spoke and back of three; one weaver.

This weave can be used in baskets where the num-
ber of spokes when divided by four will leave a re-
mainder of two (i. e.y 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, etc.).

Explanation : Every other spoke is left out of the
weaving. This weave should be used only for bands
not more than three inches in width. The spokes
that are left out must be picked up by a four-rod
arrow or coil (19-20^, 15-18).

Mend as in "over-and-under weave" (23).

oo j>

> Si

w I

LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS 39

62. TWO-PLY WEAVE.

In front of two spokes and back of two spokes;
four weavers.

This weave can be used in baskets with any num-
ber of spokes.

Explanation: Four weavers are inserted back of
four consecutive spokes, each in turn carried over
two spokes, and back of two spokes.

Mend as in "triple weave," hiding the ends (28).

63. There are two important things to be remem-
bered in weaving baskets with handles:

(a) All baskets requiring handles must be woven
on an even number of spokes, so that there are the
same number on either side of the basket between
the two spokes exactly opposite each other, where
the handle-bar is inserted.

(b) The handle-bar must be inserted in the basket
along the spoke that runs from the middle needle or
middle thread of the button in the base and not
from the corners of the button.

64. MODEL No. 8.

DIMENSIONS

Base 3X inches.

Height 6 inches.

Opening g}4 inches.

MATERIALS

6 base spokes, No. 5 reed (or a 3-spoke base), 5 inches

long,
i base spoke, No. 5 reed (and I extra spoke), 4 inches

long.
26 side spokes, No. 4>£ reed, 20 inches long.

40 THE BASKETRY BOOK

Weavers, Nos. 2, 3, and 3^ reed.
Handle-bar, No. 10 reed, 24 inches long.

Basket weavers endeavor as far as possible to have
in round models twice as many side spokes in a bas-
ket as there are base spokes, in order that each spoke
may be bi-spoked.

The model used in Fig. VIII is woven on twenty-
six side spokes, and a three-spoke base, with one ex-
tra spoke inserted in the button to give thirteen
base spokes.

Cup the base with the usual downward slope.
Trim the base spokes, one at a time close to the
weaving, and insert the twenty-six side spokes, bi-
spoking each base spoke, having previously sharp-
ened the side spokes as directed in lesson on Work-
Basket No. I (38).

Crush the side spokes close to the weaving and
omit separating them with an arrow as in the pre-
vious lessons. Turn the side spokes directly at
right angles to the base, using four rows of a four-
rod coil and making an arrow of the last coil (51).
Each basket in Fig. VIII is turned in this same man-
ner with No. 3 reed.

65. BASKET No. i.

Weave in "single Japanese weave" (10) with No. 3
reed, until basket measures two inches from base.

Weave in "double Japanese weave" (n) with
No. 3 reed, until the basket measures three and
one half inches from base.

Weave in "two-ply weave" (62) with No.
reed, until basket measures six inches from base.

LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS 41

66. BASKET No. 2.

Weave in "over-and-under weave" (86) with No.
3 reed, until the basket measures two and one half
inches from base.

Weave a "four-rod arrow" (19-20^) No. 3^ reed.

Weave in "two-ply weave" (62) No. 3^ reed,
until the basket measures six inches from base.

67. BASKET No. 3.

Weave in "colonial weave" (59) No. 3 reed, until
basket measures three inches from base.

Weave a "four-rod coil" (156-18) No. 3^ reed.

Weave in "two-ply weave" (62) No. 3^ reed,
until the basket measures six inches from the base.

68. BASKET No. 4.

Weave in "Bellefonte weave" (61) No. 3 reed,
until the basket measures two and three quarters
inches from the base.

Weave a "four-rod arrow" (19-20^ No. ^ reed.

Weave in "two-ply weave" (62) No. 3>^ reed,
until the basket measures six inches from the base.

69. Each basket in model 8 measures five inches
in diameter at the beginning of the "two-ply
weave." From this point in the weaving the bas-
ket must be woven out gradually like a lily so that
when the height measures (with a tape measure) six
inches from the base to the top of the weaving, the
diameter of the opening is nine and one half inches.

70. COMMERCIAL BORDER No. i.

Wet the spokes and crush them close to the
weaving.

42 THE BASKETRY BOOK

DIAGRAM No. i.

1. LAY DOWN Two SPOKES.

(a) Select any spoke (No. i) and carry it back
of the next spoke to the right, and to the outside of
the basket, holding it with the left hand.

(b) Lay the next spoke (No. 2) allowing it to pass
back of the spoke to its right, and to the outside of
the basket. Two spokes are now laid down.

DIAGRAM No. 2.

2. (a) Carry the first laid-down spoke (No. i) in
front of the first standing spoke (No. 3) to the right,
and

(b) across the second laid-down spoke (No. 2), and

(d) holding these two laid-down spokes (Nos. i
and 2) with the left hand.

With the right hand bring the first spoke now
standing (No. 3) back of the next standing spoke
(No. 4), and to the outside of the basket, allowing
it to lie parallel, and close to the laid-down spoke
(No. i) previously carried back of this spoke (No. 4);
in other words, the third spoke has been laid down.

At this point of the border there is a single laid-
down spoke (No. 2) passing to the outside and in
front of the now first standing spoke (No. 4), and a
double set of laid-down spokes (Nos. I and 3) passing
to the outside in front of the now second standing
spoke (No. 5).

The two standing spokes to the right will be
termed first and second spokes throughout the
border.

DIAGRAM NO. I

DIAGRAM NO. 2

DIAGRAM NO. 3

DIAGRAM NO. 4

LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS 43

DIAGRAM No. 3.

3. (a) Carry the single laid-down spoke (No. 2)
in front of the first standing spoke (No. 4), and

(b) across the double set of laid-down spokes (Nos.
i and 3), and

(d) Lay down the first standing spoke (No. 4),
i. e.y bring No. 4 back of 5 to the outside, parallel
with No. 2.

There are now two double sets of laid-down
spokes on the outside of the basket, each set made
up of a long and a short spoke, with the longer to the
right of the shorter one.

DIAGRAM No. 4.

4. (a) Carry the longer laid-down spoke of the
first set (No. 3), in front of the first standing spoke
(No. 5), and

(b) across the second double set of laid-down
spokes (Nos. 2 and 4), and,

(d) lay the first standing spoke (No. 5) parallel
with it.

(e) Bring the longer laid-down spoke of the second
set (No. 4), in front of the first standing spoke
(No. 6)

(/) back of the second standing spoke (No. 7) and
out, and

(g) lay the first standing spoke (No. 6) parallel
with it.

44 THE BASKETRY BOOK

There are now two single laid-down spokes and
two double sets of laid-down spokes passing to the
outside of the basket.

General Rule. Continue around the basket, each
time carrying the longer left-hand laid-down spoke

(1) in front of the first standing spoke to the
right,

(2) across a double set of laid-down spokes,

(3) back of the next standing spoke to the right
and out.

(4) Lay the first standing spoke parallel with it.
Pay no attention to the shorter laid-down spokes

on this first row of the border.

DIAGRAM No. 5.

5. COMPLETION OF THE FIRST Row OF BORDER.
When the beginning of the border is reached and

only one standing spoke remains :

(a) Carry the longer laid-down spoke (No. 24) in
front of this last standing spoke (No. 26),

(&) across the last set of double spokes (Nos. 23
and 25) and,

DIAGRAM No. 6.

6. Carry the last standing spoke (No. 26) back
and from the inside out under the first laid-down
spoke (No. i) and parallel with the spoke (No. 24)
just drawn under spoke (No. i) and to the outside
of the basket. The last standing spoke has now
been laid down.

DIAGRAM NO. 5

DIAGRAM NO. 7

DIAGRAM NO. 8

LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS 45

There are now two double sets of spokes on the
outside of the basket, Nos. 23 and 25 and 24 and 26.

DIAGRAM No. 7.

7. The two longer spokes in each set must be
carried in turn in front of the spokes to the right
(which is now a laid-down spoke instead of a stand-
ing spoke) and back of the next laid-down spoke to
the outside of the basket.

Caution. These spokes must be parallel with the
already laid-down spokes and not cross them.

(a) Carry the longer left-hand laid-down spoke
(No. 25) in front of the first laid-down spoke of the
border (No. i) and

(b) across the last double set of laid-down spokes
(Nos. 24 and 26).

(c) With the winding awl push spoke (No. i) away
from spoke (No. 2), and carry spoke (No. 25) in and
back of spoke (No. 2), and to the outside, so that it
lies parallel with and in front of spoke (No. i) but
does not cross it.

DIAGRAM No. 8.

8. (a) Carry the remaining longer laid-down
spoke (No. 26) in front of spoke (No. 2),

(b) across the two spokes (Nos. 25 and i) which
pass back of spoke (No. 2), and

(c) with the winding awl push spoke (No. 2)
away from (No. 3) and carry spoke (No. 26) in and
back of spoke (No. 3), and to the outside, so that,
it lies parallel with and in front of spoke (No. 2) but
does not cross it.

46 THE BASKETRY BOOK

This completes the first row of the border, but to
make it more effective and stronger we carry these
short spokes to the inside of the basket.

DIAGRAM No. 9.

9. Bring each spoke in turn in front of one spoke
to the right and back of a second spoke to the inside
of the basket, making it lie parallel and in front of
the two spokes already passing back of this second
spoke.

To apcomplish this, with the awl make an opening
for the spoke to pass through between the spokes
that fell back of the second spoke and one spoke
that fell in front of it.

Trim the spokes carried inside the basket with a
slanting cut, which completes the border.

71. HANDLE.

To place the handle correctly in a basket woven
from a base composed of thirteen spokes, turn the
basket upside down and select the side spoke to the
left of the extra spoke inserted in the button.

Trace it to the border of the basket and insert one
end of the handle-bar (previously sharpened to a
point and flattened on one side) along the left-hand
side of this spoke, two and a half inches down in the
weaving. To locate the spoke directly opposite this
one, select the side spoke at the right of the middle
thread that comes from the side of the button con-
taining the three threads and trace this to the bor-
der.

Insert the other end of the handle-bar along its
left side. There will be twelve spokes on each side

DIAGRAM NO. 9

HANDLE BAR INSERTED HERE

EXTRA BASE SPOKE

-INNER CIRCLE= BASE

OUTER CIRCLE- BASKET

HANDLE BAR INSERTED HERE

DIAGRAM NO. IO. HANDLE-BAR

LILY-SHAPE FLOWER BASKETS 47

of the basket between the two spokes holding the
handle-bar.

See Model No. 4 (49), for winding the handle.

DIAGRAM No. 10, HANDLE-BAR.
72. QUESTIONS.

Fourteen. How many spokes, of the total num-
ber of spokes used, come into play in the "Belle-
fonte weave" ? What is the weave ?

Fifteen. Why is it better to insert the extra spoke
in a base containing thirteen spokes among the
threads rather than the needles ?

Sixteen. In "commercial border" (No. i) give
the four distinct strokes that each spoke undergoes
in making the border.

Seventeen. If one end of a handle-bar in a basket
made on a thirteen-spoke base is inserted along the
side spoke which leads from the right of the left-hand
middle thread (on the side of the button containing
the four threads), state what spoke leading from
base spoke the other end of the handle-bar should
be inserted along.

CHAPTER VII
FLOWER BASKETS

73. Baskets in Fig. IX demonstrate the variations
possible in one model by the use of a graduated scale
of measurements.

Each basket is turned with three rows of a four-
rod coil (15^, 18), using No. 3 reed and making an
arrow with the fourth row.

75. SPLIT HANDLE.

A split handle consists of two handle-bars of equal
length which lie close together across the top but
separate as they pass into the basket on either
side.

Insert the sharpened ends of the two bars along
the side spokes leading from the middle needles or
threads of the base. Allow two side spokes between
the two spokes carrying the handle-bars. Insert the
other ends of the two bars alongside spokes directly
opposite these, being careful to have the two bars
perfectly parallel and each bar measuring the same
from the border on one side of the basket up and
over to the border on the opposite side.

Wet a piece of twine or raffia and tie the two
handles firmly in two places where the bars come
together.

FLOWER BASKETS

•ON

laaoii

£40

THE BASKETRY BOOK

TIE HERE

76. WINDING A SPLIT HANDLE.
(A) Measure off four weavers of No. 3 reed, each
one fully three times the length of the handle-bar
used. Insert two of them from the outside, under
the border on the right-hand
side of the spoke carrying the
right handle-bar. Draw these
to the inside of the basket
merely long enough to carry
them back of the handle-bar,
then to the outside of the bas-
ket under the border, over one
spoke to the left and then in.
Trim with a good slanting cut.
The ends are thus held firmly
and will not pull out.

(B) The winding of a split
handle will become very clear if
strict attention is paid to the
following rule: start the wind
of both bars on the right-hand
side of the bar. There are three
distinct steps.

(C-i) Going over the first time pass in on the
opposite side under the border on the right side of
the handle-bar.

(C-2) Coming back pass in on the left side.

(C— 3) Going over the second time, pass into the
left and end.

The two weavers are used as one, always keeping
them parallel and close to each other.

DIAGRAM NO. II

INSERTING SPLIT

HANDLE-BARS

«\

W
PS
D
O

)— I

FLOWER BASKETS 51

77. WINDING OF THE FIRST HANDLE-BAR IN A
SPLIT HANDLE.

That is, the Bar to the Right
Explanation of No. I

Carry the long ends up over the border to the left
and curve them around the handle-bar, making two
winds on the single part of the handle-bar at either
end, and three winds where the bars lie together.

On reaching the other side of the basket, carry the
weavers down the single part of the same bar upon
which you started the winding, noticing that the
handle-bar to the right on the side where you began
the winding becomes the left handle-bar on the op-
posite side of the basket. Crossing on top of the
border, pass in under it, to the right-hand side of
the bar. Draw the weavers directly through to the
inside of the basket and up on the right-hand side
of the handle-bar.

Explanation of No. 2

Carry them in front of the handle-bar, curving the
right-hand weaver close down to the first winding.
Take the weavers back across the handle-bar, making
them follow the curves of the first winding, and be
parallel with it.

On reaching the other side, i. e., the starting-
point, draw the weavers under the border to the
inside of the basket, this time on the left-hand side
of the handle-bar.

Explanation of No. 3

Carry them back of the handle-bar and up on the
right-hand side of it. Curve them across the front

52 THE BASKETRY BOOK

of the handle-bar, being careful, as before, to make
the weaver to the right fall close to the previous
windings on the bar. This gives the weavers the
proper twist, and makes them lie much closer to the
other windings than if you allow the left-hand
weaver at this point to fall in next to the previous set
of windings. Carry the weavers across the handle-
bar to the other side, passing in, under the border, on
the left side of the handle-bar, and fasten the ends
as in the beginning, by drawing them back under the
spoke holding the bar, to the outside, over a spoke
to the right, and in, and trim with a slanting cut.
This completes the winding of the first handle-bar.

78. WINDING OF THE SECOND HANDLE-BAR IN A
SPLIT HANDLE.

That is, the Bar to the Left

The second handle-bar is wound in a similar man-
ner to the first. Fasten the short ends, and with the
long ends make two winds on either end of the single
part of the bar.

On reaching the three winds on the double bar,
instead of allowing the weavers to lie close to the
first set of windings, allow sufficient space the first
time the weavers are carried over for two weavers
to lie between the original windings and the ones
being carried across. Coming back, the weavers fill
up this space, and going over the last time they fall
to the right of the first winding of the second bar.
The rule for the second bar is the same as the first
one (76^:).

In going over the first time, pass in under the bor-

.£«.» OVER
HSET

I SET END H SET END
SIDE OF BASKET WHERE WINDING ENDS

H SET START I SET START
SIDE OF BASKET WHERE WINDING STARTS

DIAGRAM NO. 12. WINDING A SPLIT HANDLE

FLOWER BASKETS 53

der on the right side. Coming back, the weavers fall
naturally into the space left for them across the top
of the handle-bar and pass in under the border on
the left side. Going over the third time, they pass
into the left and end, and the winding is completed.

79. SET No i.

On handle-bar to right first time over red line.
First time back green line, second time over yellow
line and ends.

SET No. 2.

On handle-bar to left first time over blue line.
First time back white line, second time over brown
line and ends.

DIAGRAM No. 12.

80. COMMERCIAL BORDER No. 2.

The principle of this border is the same as No. I
Commercial Border with the following changes in the
detail:

(1) Lay down three spokes (70-1).

(2) Carry each weaver in turn

(a) in front of two spokes — the first one is a laid-
down spoke, the second one is the first standing
spoke —

(b) across two sets of laid-down spokes

(d) lay the first standing spoke parallel with it.

(3) In completing the border, there are three laid-
down spokes to be carried in front of two spokes,

54 THE BASKETRY BOOK

back of the third spoke, and to the outside of the
basket.

(4) In carrying the short ends to the inside of the
basket, allow them to pass in front of two spokes
and in back of the third spoke.

The short ends pass in between the two spokes
that fell back of the third spoke and the two that
fell in front of it.

81. QUESTIONS.

Eighteen. On a basket woven on a base of thir-
teen spokes and twenty-six side spokes, if the right
handle-bar of a split handle has been inserted along-
side of the side spoke leading from the right side of
the extra spoke in the base, and the left handle-bar
has been inserted alongside the side spoke to the left
of the middle thread on the same side of the button,
state precisely alongside which threads and on which
side of these threads the other ends of the handle-bars
should be inserted.

Nineteen. When and why is a space allowed in
the winds passing over the double part of the bar
in winding a split handle ?

CHAPTER VIII

CANDY BASKETS WITH AND WITHOUT
LIDS

82. MODEL 13.

DIMENSIONS

Base 3 y2 inches.

Height, from arrow at base, to top of

weaving .3^ inches.

Opening. 5^ inches.

MATERIALS

8 spokes, No. 4 reed, 30 inches long.
Weavers, Nos. 2 and 3 reed.

It is not necessary to make a separate base in small
baskets. Pierce the middle of four of the thirty-inch
spokes and thread them with the remaining four.

With a No. 2 weaver make the usual button (35)
of three winds and separate the spokes by "Jap-
anese weave" (36), curving downward to obtain the
necessary slope for the base. When the base mea-
sures three and one half inches in diameter, turn it
over, holding the under-side of the weaving toward
you and turn the spokes slightly upward by a four-
rod arrow (19-20^). Weave one and one half
inches of over-and-under weave (8&), carrying two
weavers and giving the spokes a bowl-shaped curve.

The diameter at this point should be six and one

$6 THE BASKETRY BOOK

half inches. Weave two inches of triple weave (13),
turning the spokes gradually in, so that at the given
height from the arrow (3^ inches) the diameter of
the opening will be five and one half inches.

BORDER

Back of one spoke and out.

Over two spokes and in.

Over two spokes and down and trim.

83. MODEL No. 14.

DIMENSIONS

Base 32^ inches.

Height 4 inches.

Opening 6 inches.

MATERIALS

9 spokes, No. 4 reed, 30 inches.
Weavers, Nos. 2 and 3 reed.

Thread five needles with four threads and notice
that the total number of spokes is eighteen. Jap-
anese weave cannot be used except in the following
way: After making the button of three winds, sepa-
rate the spokes by one row of Japanese weave. On
reaching the initial base spoke you will find that the
weaver naturally passes over and under the same
set of spokes in the second row as in the first; to
avoid this, carry the weavers at the initial spoke un-
der two spokes instead of one, and proceed with the
Japanese weave. Each time when the weaver, if con-
tinued, would pass over the same set of spokes as in
the preceding row, always change the weave by pass-
ing under two spokes. This forms a spiral coil on

IS? ' \\v\,^YN.:

CANDY BASKETS 57

the under-side of the base, which is not a mistake in
the weave, but is caused by passing under two
spokes instead of one once on every circuit.

When the base is three and one half inches, crush
the spokes and turn the basket at right angles to the
base with three rows of a four-rod coil (15^-18).

Proceed with colonial weave (59) until the basket
measures two and one half inches from the base, then
with the triple weave until the height is four inches.

BORDER

Back of one spoke and out.
Over two spokes and in.
Over two spokes and down and trim.

84. MODEL No. 15.

Model No. 15 is given in two sizes, and the basket
proper in each size is woven similar to the candy
basket, Model No. 13 (82), with the following
measurements:

MODEL No. 15, No. i.

DIMENSIONS

Base 3K inches.

Height 3>£ inches.

Opening at top of weaving 6J/2 inches.

Opening after border is completed $$4 inches.

MATERIALS

10 spokes, No. 4 reed, 32 inches.
Weavers, Nos. 2 and 3 reed.
5 threads through 5 needles.

85. BASKET PROPER.

Turn with a four-rod arrow (ig-2od).

58 THE BASKETRY BOOK

One and one half inches of over-and-under weave
(8*).

Two inches of triple weave (13).

Diameter seven and one half inches at a point
one and one half inches from base.

86. BASKET BORDER.

Wet the spokes but do not pinch them.

In front of two spokes and in.

Over three spokes and down and trim.

The opening inside the first row of the border
measures five and three quarters inches and gives us
the diameter for the finished lid, which will rest on
the second row of the border. The lid must not fit
too closely and should measure five and one half
inches in diameter.

87. LID.

10 spokes, No. 4 reed, 30 inches.
5 threads through 5 needles.

Make a button (35) of three winds and separate
the spokes by Japanese weave (36), curving slightly
downward until the lid measures underneath four
and three quarters inches in diameter. This allows
three eighths of an inch for border on each side, or a
total of three quarters of an inch for the border,
giving the desired five and one half inches for the
finished diameter.

88. LID BORDER.
Crush the spokes.

Each spoke in turn is carried under one spoke
and up, and over one spoke and down, lacing the

CANDY BASKETS 59

last two spokes under and over the first two spokes
of the border.

89. LIFT ON LID.

Select a pliable weaver of No. 3 reed and cut two
weavers, each measuring twelve inches long.

(a) Bring the two ends of one of these weavers
from the under-side of the lid up between the two
outside needles, on one side of the button.

(b) Bring the two ends of the other weaver up on
the opposite side of the button, on the outside of the
needles.

DIAGRAM No. 13.

(c) Holding the ends of the second weaver (£),
one in each hand, cross the right-hand end over the
left, until you have three twists. Carry the end
down to the under-side of the lid on the opposite
sides of the button, on the outside of the needles.

DIAGRAM No. 14.

(d) Turn the lid around and carry the other set
of ends (a) to the opposite side of the button in the
following manner. These ends are carried over sep-
arately and each one must have four distinct curves.

i. THE WEAVER TO THE LEFT.

(a) Curve to the right, under one weaver.

(b) Curve to the left, above two weavers.

(d) Curve to the left, above one weaver, and to the
inside of the lid between the two outside needles on
the left.

60 THE BASKETRY BOOK

2. THE WEAVER TO THE RIGHT.

(a) Curve to the left, above two weavers.

(b) Curve to the right, under three weavers.

(d) Curve to the right, under two weavers, and to
the inside of the lid between the two outside needles
on the right.

DIAGRAM No. 15.

(e) Fasten the four ends underneath by carrying
each pair across under the button and draw them
under the original loop of the opposite weaver, and
trim.

90. MODEL No. 15, No. 2.

DIMENSIONS

Base 3>£ inches.

Height 4>£ inches.

Opening at top of weaving *?% inches.

Opening after completion of border 6^ inches.

MATERIALS

13 spokes, No. 4 reed, 34 inches.
Weavers, Nos. 2 and 3 reed.
6 threads through 7 needles.

BORDER
Same as basket border of No. i, Model 15 (86).

LID

IO spokes, No. 4 reed, 30 inches.
5 threads through 5 needles.

DIAGRAM NO. 13

START

DIAGRAM NO. 14

START 2!" SET

ENDISJ5ET

START IS-T5E

END IS-T5ET

START IS5ET

END ESP 5tT

DIAGRAM NO. 15

CANDY BASKETS 61

DIMENSIONS

Diameter of lid, without border 5^ inches.

Diameter of lid, with border 6% inches.

BORDER
Same as lid of border No. 2, Model 15 (88).

91. QUESTIONS.

Twenty. If the finished diameter of a basket
measures six and five eighths inches, what should the
diameter of the lid measure before putting in the
border, used in the lids of Model 15 ?

Twenty-one. What weaves can be used on Model

13, the total number of side spokes being sixteen ?
What weaves cannot be used ?

Twenty-two. What weaves can be used on Model

14, the total number of side spokes being eighteen ?
What weaves cannot be used ?

CHAPTER IX
INDIAN CENTRES

Piolet Bowl and Table Jardiniere

92. NEW PROPOSITIONS.

(a) Indian centres.

(b) Overspoked basket with standard.

93. INDIAN CENTRES.

Examples of four Indian centres are given and
may be used in small, bowl-shaped baskets and lids,
where an artistic centre is desired, but never in
baskets that demand strong side spokes.

94. INDIAN CENTRE No. i. SIXTEEN SPOKES.
SEE DIAGRAM No. 16.

Divide into four groups, each containing four
spokes. Mark the middle of each spoke.

(a) The first group is held horizontally, directly
in the middle, with the left hand.

(b) The second group is placed vertically, back of
the first group, so that the two groups bisect each
other.

(c) The third crosses diagonally back of the first
and second groups, with its upper end at the right of
the vertical group and its middle under the point
where the first and second groups cross.

INDIAN CENTRES 63

(d) The fourth group crosses diagonally back of
the three groups, with its upper end at the left of the
vertical group and its middle under the point where
the others cross.

95. WEAVING.

Select a No. 2 weaver and with the right hand
begin the weaving at the back of the lower left diag-
onal group.

Carry it over the left horizontal group.

Under the upper left diagonal.

Over the upper vertical group.

Under the right upper diagonal.

Over the right horizontal group.

Under the right lower diagonal group.

Over the lower vertical group.

Under the left lower diagonal group, and continue
passing over and under the same groups until three
strokes have been woven.

As the weaver passes on its third circuit under the
left lower diagonal group, change the weave by
carrying it under the left horizontal group also (i. e.,
under two groups) and continue as before, this time
passing over each group of spokes that the weaver
passed under in the first three rows. Continue until
three strokes in this circuit have been woven.

96. Separate the spokes into pairs by the over-
and-under weave (8), bring the weaver under two
spokes (not two groups) of the left horizontal group,
over the next two spokes, and so on, changing the
weave on each circuit by passing under four spokes.
If preferred, two weavers (Sb) may be used, as the

64 THE BASKETRY BOOK

number of spokes is even. The total number of
spokes is thirty-two, or sixteen pairs.

97. INDIAN CENTRE No. 2. SIXTEEN AND ONE
HALF SPOKES. SEE DIAGRAM No. 17.

Sixteen spokes of required length.

Two spokes one inch longer than half the required
length.

This centre is used in order to avoid using two
weavers when one more set of spokes is desired, and
when over-and-under weave (8) is to be used in
weaving the sides of the basket.

98. Centre No. 2 is begun very much the same as
centre No. I, excepting that the two short spokes are
placed between the two sets of spokes in the upper
half of the vertical group, making six spokes in this
group; allowing the short ends of these extra spokes
to pass about an inch below the horizontal group.
The weaving is the same as in centre No. I, regarding
the six spokes in the upper vertical as one group.

99. When the spokes are separated into pairs, the
short ends are not considered as a pair, but in the
first row one short end is woven over with one pair
and the other short end with the next pair, and gradu-
ally these short ends fall out of the weaving entirely.

The total number of spokes is thirty-four, or seven-
teen pairs.

100. INDIAN CENTRE No. 3. SIXTEEN SPOKES.
SEE DIAGRAM No. 18.

Divide into four groups containing four spokes.
The first group is held horizontally.

INDIAN CENTRES 65

The second group is placed vertically back of the
first group.

The third group is placed horizontally back of the
second group.

The fourth group is placed vertically back of the
third group and over the first group.

101. Begin the weaving back of the upper left
horizontal group alternating over and under the
groups for one circuit (two if preferred). Even up
the spokes at this point, if they have not been held
directly at the centre, and separate them into pairs
by over-and-under weaving (8), bringing the weaver
up between the two pairs of spokes in the upper left
horizontal group. Change the weave on each cir-
cuit by passing under two pairs or four spokes or by
using two weavers.

Total number of spokes is thirty-two, or sixteen
pairs.

102. INDIAN CENTRE No. 4. TWENTY-FOUR
SPOKES. SEE DIAGRAM No. 19.

This centre is an elaboration of centre No. 3.

Divide into six groups, each containing four
spokes.

The first group is held horizontally.

The second group is placed vertically back of
group No. I.

The third group is placed horizontally back of
No. 2.

The fourth group is placed vertically back of
group No. 3 and over group No. I.

66 THE BASKETRY BOOK

The fifth group is placed horizontally back of group
No. 2 and over group No. 4.

The sixth group is placed vertically back of group
No. i and over groups Nos. 3 and 5.

103. Begin the weaving back of the upper left
horizontal group, alternating over and under the
groups of spokes until two circuits are made.

Bring the weavers up between the pairs of spokes
in the left horizontal group, and even up the spokes'
before separating them into pairs by passing over
and under two pairs of spokes.

Change the weave in each row by passing under
three pairs. Notice that this weave causes a rope
effect.

Total number of spokes is forty-eight or twenty-
four pairs.

104. OVERSPOKED BASKET WITH STANDARD.
Models 16 and 17 are examples of baskets with

spokes carried from the border over the weaving to
the base and there woven into a standard. It is
more effective in these models to use a small-sized
reed for the spokes (as Nos. 2 and 3) and to carry
the spokes in pairs, rather than to use a larger single
spoke.

105. PAIRING ARROW. Two WEAVERS.
There are two methods of pairing.

(a) Each weaver to the left is carried in turn in
front of one spoke and on top of the weaver to the
right, then back of the second spoke and out.

(b) Each weaver to the left is carried in turn in

DIAGRAM NO. l6. INDIAN CENTRE NO. I. SIXTEEN

SPOKES

DIAGRAM NO. I/. INDIAN CENTRE NO. 2. SIXTEEN
AND ONE HALF SPOKES

DIAGRAM NO. l8. INDIAN CENTRE NO. 3. SIXTEEN

SPOKES

DIAGRAM NO. 19. INDIAN CENTRE NO. 4. TWENTY-
FOUR SPOKES

INDIAN CENTRES 67

front of one spoke and under the weaver to the
right, then back of the second spoke and out.

106. A pairing arrow requires two rows of pairing
and is similar to a three-rod arrow except that two
weavers are used instead of three, and consequently

INITIAL SPOKE

INITIAL SPOKE
DIAGRAM NO. 2O

the weavers in turn pass in front of one spoke in-
stead of two.

(a) Row one of a pairing arrow.

Use the first method of pairing (1050) and re-
verse the weaving at the initial spoke.

(b) Row two of pairing arrow.

Use the second method of pairing (105^) and
complete the arrow by allowing the first weaver to
end back of the initial spoke, and the second weaver
to lace under the first stroke in the second row, and
end back of the spoke to the right of the initial
spoke.

68 THE BASKETRY BOOK

107. MODEL No. 16. VIOLET BOWL. INDIAN
CENTRE No. 2. SIXTEEN AND ONE HALF SPOKES
(97)-

DIMENSIONS

Base ........................ 3 inches.

Height from top of weaving. . . .3^ inches.

Greatest diameter ............. 6y£ inches.

Opening, without border ....... 4^ inches.

Opening, with border ........ . . 2^ inches.

MATERIALS

1 6 spokes, No. 2 reed, 32 inches.
2 spokes, No. 2 reed, 17 inches.
Weavers, No. 2 reed.
Glass finger-bowl.

Diameter of opening in bowl ..... ^% inches.
Height of bowl ................. 2^ inches.

Indian centre No. 2 is used in this model and a
base woven three inches in diameter.

Two spokes are used as one throughout this
model.

Curve the spokes slightly upward, using a pairing
arrow (106).

Weave in over-and-under weave (So) with a grad-
ual bowl-shaped curve of the spokes until the diam-
eter of the basket at half its height is fully two
inches greater than the diameter of the finger-bowl.
In the dimensions given the diameter is two and
one fourth inches greater.

From this point curve the spokes in toward the

INDIAN CENTRES 69

top of the bowl and continue until the weaving
meets the rim of the finger-bowl.

108. BORDER.

Each pair of spokes is carried in turn over two
pairs of spokes and under one pair of spokes to the
outside of the basket.

Turn the basket upside down and draw each pair
of spokes in turn through the pairing arrow at
the base, allowing them to take a natural curve
over the basket proper, from the border to the
base.

A good rule is to carry each pair as it leaves the
border over one pair of spokes in the basket proper
and insert through the arrow to the left of these
spokes.

109. STANDARD.

Holding the basket upside down making a pairing
arrow (106). Carry each pair of spokes in turn in
front of two pairs of spokes and back of one pair of
spokes and trim, allowing a good end to prevent the
border from pulling out.

no. MODEL No. 17. TABLE JARDINIERES.

DIMENSIONS

Base 5K inches.

Height 5X inches.

Opening, without border 9 inches.

Opening, with border 6 inches.

Greatest diameter. . ..10 inches.

70 THE BASKETRY BOOK

MATERIALS

8 base spokes, No. 5 reed, 7 inches long.
48 side spokes, No. 3 reed, 25 inches long.
Weavers, Nos. 2 and 3 reed.

BASE

Four threads through four needles.

Weave to five and one half inches in diameter,
curving the base up instead of down, and forming it
into the curve of a saucer having a very gradual
slope. Insert side spokes at each spoke, two on one
side of the spoke and one on the other.

Three spokes are used as one throughout this
model.

Weave in triple weave (13) with a slight upward
curve until the diameter is ten inches at half the
total height of the basket. Then curve until the
diameter is nine inches.

in. BORDER.

Carry each set of spokes in turn over two sets of
spokes and under one set of spokes to the outside
of the basket. Turn the basket upside down, and
carry each set of spokes in its natural curve over the
basket proper and draw them through two rows of
weaving in the basket (about the third and fourth
rows from the base) to hold them in place.

112. STANDARD.

Crush the spokes close to where they leave the
weaving and carry each set in turn.

(i) In front of two sets of spokes and back of one
set and out.

INDIAN CENTRES 71

(2) In front of two sets of spokes and in, and trim,
not too close.

113. QUESTIONS.

Twenty-three. If you wish to use twenty-four
spokes in an Indian centre No. I, how can the
spokes be grouped ?

Twenty-four. Can a sixteen-and-one-half-spoke
centre be grouped in an Indian centre No. 3 ?

If two weavers are used in separating the spokes
in an Indian centre No. i, behind which group is
the second weaver inserted ?

CHAPTER X

SCRAP BASKETS

114. CAUTION.

It is advisable for students to perfect themselves
in the models and weaves already given in the pre-
ceding seven lessons before taking up scrap baskets
or models requiring the heavier reeds.

115. There are three fundamental points in bas-
ket weaving relating to the position and direction of
the spokes. These occur in every basket, and to be
a proficient weaver a student must understand and
conquer them.

116. FIRST.

The base spokes must radiate from the centre in
straight lines and must be equal distances apart.
One curved base spoke or any two spokes separated
unevenly will cause a defect in the basket proper.

117. SECOND. The side spokes must be:

(a) An equal distance from the centre of the
basket. In a model with curved sides the distance
from the side spoke to the centre will, of course, vary
with the curve, but at any given point each side
spoke must be the same distance from the centre.

(b) An equal distance from each other.

SCRAP BASKETS 73

The distance between the spokes will also vary with
the curve, but at any given point this distance must
be the same.

SPOKES UNEVEHff
SEPARATED

SPOKE CURVES

•i at MSI

DIAGRAM NO. 21. CORRECT AND INCORRECT
BASE SPOKES

DIAGRAM No. 22. CORRECT SIDE SPOKES.

At X the spokes are an equal distance from the
centre and an equal distance apart.

At Y the spokes are an equal distance from the
centre, and an equal distance apart, but the dis-
tances at Y are greater than at X.

1 1 8. THIRD.

The side spokes throughout the basket radiating
from the base spoke must be an equal distance from
an imaginary line from the base spoke to the bor-
der. The side spokes in a basket have a tendency
to swerve to the left of the point where they start
from the turn at the base.

74 THE BASKETRY BOOK

DIAGRAM No. 23. CORRECT AND INCORRECT
SIDE SPOKES.

119. (b) is an imaginary line from the base spoke
to the border.

i-i. Correct direction of the side spokes, each an
2-2. equal distance from the imaginary line (b)
3-3. and an equal distance from each other.

4-4 •
5-5-
6-6.

7-7-

8-8.

etc.

i-w. Incorrect direction of the spokes swerving

2-n. to the left. The distance between the

3-0. spokes is equal, but the distance of the

spokes from the imaginary line (b) is not

equal.
6-r.

etc.

1 20. MODEL No. 18. SCRAP BASKET.

DIMENSIONS
Base ....................... 6 inches.

Base, with arrow and coil ...... 7^ inches.

Height ..................... II inches.

Opening .................... 10 inches.

Greatest diameter ............ 13 inches.

Turn the shoulder at height of. 9 inches.

rSIDE SPOKES

AT I THE SPOKES ARE AN
EQUAL DISTANCE FRO
THE CENTRE AND AN EQUAL DISTAN^ APART

ATY THE SPOKES ARE AN EQUAL DISTANCE FROM THE CENTRE AND

AN EQUAL DISTANCE APART, BUT THE DISTANCE ATY IS GREATER THAN ATI

DIAGRAM NO. 22. CORRECT SIDE SPOKES

M 1 BN2 03 BP

DRi

u9 B 0

I B 2 3 B 4 5 B 6 7B8 9BIO IIBI2

DIAGRAM NO. 23. CORRECT AND INCORRECT
SIDE SPOKES

SCRAP BASKETS 75

MATERIALS

8 base spokes No. 6 reed, 7^ inches.

32 supporters No. $% reed, 12 inches.

32 side spokes No. 6 reed, 22 inches.

Weavers Nos. 3, 4, and 5 reed.

(a) Weave the button and the first half of the
base in Japanese weave (10) with a pliable weaver
No. 3, and change to No. 4 when the base is half
woven. Draw the weaver down and under with a
strong stroke, in order to give the base the necessary
slope and to make the weaving as firm as possible.
The base should be cupped so that the centre is at
least three quarters of an inch from the table when
the weave is completed.

(b) Sharpen the side spokes and supporters with
a long slanting cut, having previously wet them
thoroughly. Never allow side spokes for a scrap
basket to lie in the water, as they become too pliable.

Trim the base spokes, one at a time, as close to
the weaving as possible, and bi-spoke with the thirty-
two supporters, pressing them well down in the
weaving, to the button if possible.

Turn the base over and separate the supporters
on the right side of the base an equal distance apart
with a three-rod arrow (19-20) and crush the spokes
close to the weaving.

(c) Turn the base upside down on your lap and
insert the thirty-two side spokes, putting one to the
right of each supporter, pressing them as far down
as possible.

Each supporter with its side spoke is carried as
one spoke, to add strength to the basket.

76 THE BASKETRY BOOK

(d) Crush the side spokes close to the arrow and,
using No. 5 reed, turn them with the supporters
directly at right angles to the base with three rows
of a four-rod coil (15^-17), and making an arrow
with the fourth row (19-20^.)

(e) Place the basket on a table and put a heavy
stone or brick inside to weigh it down.

Go around the basket holding the winding awl
on the weaving and striking it with a hammer to
drive the weaving down close at the turn.

It is well to repeat this hammering of the weaving
at intervals of three inches, as it forces the rows of
weaving together and makes a much firmer basket.

(/) Before beginning to weave the sides of the
basket, direct each spoke into its proper position.

From this point on strict attention must be paid
to the spokes. They will tend persistently to the
left; each time the weaver is passed over or under a
spoke it is necessary to see that it has its proper
place.

Judge both from the inside and the outside of the
basket.

(g) As the basket must have a diameter of thir-
teen inches, before beginning to weave measure the
diameter between the spokes, nine inches from the
table, and notice whether you must bring the spokes
out or hold them in to secure the desired thirteen
inches.

(h) A basket woven on a table has a tendency to
come out too quickly, so make the slope very gradual
and measure, from time to time, in order to calcu-
late correctly.

Should the basket slope out too much, hold the

FIGURE XII, MODEL l8. SCRAP-BASKET

• •• •* .
•••• :•:•* '.""'
*••'•• 1

SCRAP BASKETS 77

spokes straight; in case the diameter should be thir-
teen inches before the required nine inches in height
is reached, weave the necessary distance on the
straight before curving in on the shoulder.

(i) The shaping of a basket can only be acquired
through practice, but endeavor from the first not
only to form the basket in your mind but to produce
that form and shape in imagination with the spokes.

Thus it is possible to calculate how the spokes
must be directed to obtain it.

Use the foot rule constantly and always aim to
work within given measurements.

(/) The basket proper in Model No. 18 from the
coils and arrow at the turn is woven entirely in triple
weave, using No. 4 reed.

It is much easier for a student to procure the desired
shape with this weave than by the use of the bands.

(k) When the basket is nine inches high and thir-
teen inches in diameter, dampen the spokes and turn
them toward the centre of the basket.

At this point the supporters have disappeared,
and the long side spokes only are left.

Make a gradual curve in, at the shoulder of the
basket, endeavoring to have the diameter of the
opening eleven and one half inches when the height
of the basket is eleven inches.

(/) Make a four-rod coil (156, 18) of No. 5 reed.

Dampen and crush the spokes close to the coil and
finish with the following border:

(m) SCRAP-BASKET BORDER.
First Row. Bring each spoke in turn in front of
three spokes and in.

78 THE BASKETRY BOOK

Second Row. Bring each spoke in turn over two
spokes and down and trim.

It is customary to make the coil at the top of the
basket with reed of the same number as the spokes,
but a coil of No. 6 is too heavy with an opening of
eleven and one half inches, so No. 5 or No. 5^ is
substituted.

(n) Singe the basket while damp, and notice if
the opening is a perfect circle.

If the weaving of the basket, coil, and border has
been done unevenly, then the opening will not be
perfect.

Place the basket straight on the table or floor and
let it dry.

121. QUESTIONS.

Twenty-five. Name the weaves that can be used
on a basket with thirty-two spokes.

(a) Using one weaver.

(b) Using two weavers.

Twenty-six. Name the weaves that can be used
on a basket with thirty-three spokes.

(a) Using one weaver.

(b) Using two weavers.

Twenty-seven. Name the weaves that can be
used on a basket with thirty-four spokes.

(a) Using one weaver.

(b) Using two weavers.

CHAPTER XI
SCRAP BASKETS

MODELS Nos. 19 AND 20.

122. Model No. 19 demonstrates the variety pro-
duced in baskets by the use of bands.

The measurements are the same as Model No. 18
(120), and six different bands are given as an elabo-
ration of the model.

DIMENSIONS
Base ........................ 6 inches.

Base, with arrow and coil ....... 7^ inches.

Height ...................... II inches.

Opening ..................... 10 inches.

Greatest diameter ............. 13 inches.

Turn shoulder when the basket is nine inches high.

MATERIALS

8 base spokes, No. 6 reed, 7>£ inches.

32 supporters, No 5^ reed, 10 inches.
32 side spokes, No. 6 reed, 22 inches.
Weavers, Nos. 3, 4, and 5 reed.

This model is turned at the base like Model No.
1 8 (i2ob-d), three rows of a four-rod coil of No. 5
reed, the fourth row forming an arrow.

8o THE BASKETRY BOOK

123. SCRAP BASKET WITH BANDS OF ARROWS.

No. i

Two and one half inches of triple weave (13) No. 4
reed.

Double three-rod arrow (19-21).

Two and one half inches of triple weave (13).

Double three-rod arrow (19-21).

Finish the basket in triple weave (13).

No. 2
Scrap basket with band of double Japanese weave

en).

Five inches triple weave (13) No. 4 reed.

Three inches of double Japanese weave (11).

Finish the basket in triple weave (13) No. 4 reed.

The band of double Japanese weave (n) may be
inserted lower down in the basket but must never
be used on the shoulder, and the band may be elab-
orated by using a four-rod coil (15^-18) or arrow
(19-20^) on either side of it.

No. 3

Scrap basket with a band of three arrows (19).
Five inches of triple weave (13) No. 4 reed.
Three rows of a three or four rod arrow (19-20).
Explanation: It requires six rows to make three
arrows.

First row coil; reversed but not locked.

Second row forms arrow.

Third row coil; reversed but not locked.

Fourth row forms arrow.

Fifth row coil; reversed but not locked.

fc
<

SCRAP BASKETS 81

Sixth row forms arrow.

Finish basket in triple weave (13) No. 4 reed.

No. 4
Scrap basket with rows of double Japanese weave

Two inches of triple weave (13).

Two rows of Japanese weave (n), that is, twice
around.

Two inches of triple weave (13).

Four rows of double Japanese weave (n) that is,
four times around.

Two inches of triple weave (13).

Six rows of double Japanese weave (n), that is,
six times around.

No. 5

Scrap basket with a band of coils and arrows
(15-18) (19-20).

Five inches of triple weave (13) No. 4 reed.
Four-rod coil (15^-18) of No. 5 reed.
Arrow (19) of No. 2 reed.
Four-rod coil (15^-18) of No. 5 reed.
Finish the basket in triple weave (13) No. 4 reed.

No. 6.

Scrap basket with band of over-and-under weave
(18).

This band may be used with or without four-rod
coils on either side.

Single over and under (8&) No. 4 reed.

Double over and under (9^) Nos. 3 or 4 reed.

Triple over and under (carry three weavers as one)
No. 3 reed.

82 THE BASKETRY BOOK

124. MODEL No. 20. Low SCRAP BASKET.

This basket is suitable for palms, as well as for a
library, bedroom, or porch scrap basket.

The measurements used in this model were taken
from pottery.

DIMENSIONS

Base 8X inches.

Height %y2 inches.

Opening, with border 9 inches.

Greatest diameter 16 inches.

From coil at base to border (with the tape mea-
sure) eleven inches.

Five inches of over and under (80) and six inches
of triple weave (13).

MATERIALS

8 base spokes, No. 7 reed, 10 inches.
35 side spokes, No. 6 reed, 25 inches.
Weavers, Nos. 3, 4, and 5 reed.

No supporters are used in this model, and the
spokes are not crushed at the turn at the base.

Weave the base as described in Model No. 18 (120).
Bi-spoke the base spokes with the side spokes, and
insert three extra spokes at equal distances apart,
giving three sides spokes at three of the base spokes.

Separate the spokes on the right side of the base
with a three-rod arrow (i2O&); with the under-side
of the base toward you turn the basket with a four-
rod coil (15^-18) of No. 5 reed, directing each spoke
slightly upward.

SCRAP BASKETS 83

Weave three and one half inches in single over-and-
under weave (So), endeavoring to have the diameter
at this point sixteen inches; the slope from the coil
is a very gradual one, and great care must be exerted
to carry out the three fundamental rules given in
lesson No. 8 (115-118).

When the required diameter has been reached, turn
the spokes directly in until the five inches is com-
pleted of the over-and-under weave.

Place the basket on the table and weight it, and
continue the weaving of six inches in triple weave
(13), directing the spokes to obtain the nine-inch
opening, at the height eight and one half inches.

When diameter is eleven and one half inches, fin-
ish the basket with a three-rod coil (150) of No. 5
reed and the following border:

Crush spokes and bring each in turn,
First row in front of two spokes and in,
Second row over two spokes and down,
Third row over two spokes and down and trim.

125. QUESTIONS.

Twenty-eight. Using border given for Model No.
20, would it be correct to use a four-rod coil to finish
the basket and why ?

Twenty-nine. Give two reasons for using thirty-
five side spokes in Model No. 20 instead of thirty-
two.

CHAPTER XII
OVAL BASE

126. MATERIALS

6 needles, No. 5 reed, 5 inches.
3 threads, No. 5 reed, 7 inches.
2 supporters, No. 5 reed, 7 inches.

Thread the six needles with the three threads.

Place the two middle needles over the centre of
the three threads and draw the two other pairs
three fourths of an inch away from the middle ones.

(a) Holding the spokes in the left hand, with the

NEEDLES

-THREADS
DIAGRAM NO. 24

threads vertical, select a pliable No. 2 weaver, run it
down through the three pairs of needles, along the
threads on the left-hand side.

OVAL BASE 85

(£) Hold the spokes so that the needles are ver-
tical and the threads parallel with your body.

Carry the long end of the weaver from the lower
left angle across the first pair of needles (to the left),
to the upper right angle (Diagram 25 [1-2]), and
down under the threads to the lower right angle (Dia-
gram 25 [2-3]), and up and across the upper left angle
(Diagram 25 [3-4]), and down and under diagonally
across to the lower right angle (Diagram 25 [4-5]).

DIAGRAM NO. 25. WINDING OF INTERSECTION OF
NEEDLES AND THREADS IN AN OVAL BASE

over

the

Repeat the cross as described in
second pair of needles.

Wind the threads with eight winds and repeat
the cross as described in (b) over the third pair of
needles and bring the weaver up and out finally at
the lower right angle of the lower pair of needles.

This is called the "spine of the base."

Sharpen the ends of the two supporters and drive
them on each side of the spine up through the open-

THE BASKETRY BOOK

ing in the needles, which adds great strength to an
oval base.

DIAGRAMS Nos. 26 AND 27.

127. Crush the supporters at the four points
where they intersect the needles.

The initial spoke is the lower left thread and the
weaver is brought up between it and the supporter.

DIAGRAM NO. 28. SEPARATING SPOKES
IN AN OVAL BASE

Separate the spokes with Japanese weave, treating
each pair of needles as one spoke, but separating
the threads and supporters at either end, at equal
distances, considering the middle thread as the
spine, and keeping it at right angles to the needles,
but directing the threads and supporters on either
side toward the needles to form a fan shape.

128. The base must be sloped similar to a round
one and the same rule applies in regard to the spokes;

^^ ^

01 O

6 fc

z <

W er>

O <

5 «

< O

o w

OVAL BASE 87

they must radiate from the spine in straight lines
and must be an equal distance apart.

A badly woven oval base will cause the spine to
be crooked and consequently the basket proper will
be defective.

The first few weaves of Japanese weave must be
done with the utmost care, and the weaver must be
drawn very tight and pressed in close to the spine
with the winding awl, otherwise it will stand away
from the spine and result in a weak base and uneven
weaving.

If a larger-sized weaver is used, wind the spine
between the needles with less number of winds.

129. MODEL No 21. OVAL MARKET BASKET.

DIMENSIONS

Base, 6 inches long, 4 inches wide.

Height, 7 inches.

Opening, 14^ inches long, 12^ inches wide.

MATERIALS

6 needles, No. 5 reed, 5>^ inches.

3 threads, No. 5 reed, 7>£ inches.

2 supporters, No. 5 reed, 7^ inches.
34 side spokes, No. \% reed, 20 inches long.

2 handle-bars, No. 10 reed, 26 inches.
Weavers, Nos. 2, 3, 3>£> and 4 reed.

Weave the base six by four inches, and bi-spoke
with the side spokes, placing the two extra spokes
in the middle thread of the spine.

A satisfactory method is to split the middle

88 THE BASKETRY BOOK

thread in the base spokes with the winding awl and
run the extra spoke well down in the middle of the
spoke, which helps to hold the side spoke firmly in
its proper place.

In weaving the sides of an oval basket mark this
extra spoke at each end, and remember that this
spoke is the centre of the oval ends and must be
held in this central position in respect to the spokes
on either side of it.

Crush the spokes and turn the basket with three
rows of a four-rod coil, making an arrow with the
fourth row.

Weave two and one half inches of single Japanese
weave (10) No. 3 reed, a four-rod arrow (19-20^ of
No. 4 reed, three inches of two-ply weave (62) No.
3X reed.

Crush the spokes and finish with a commercial
border No. 2 (Lesson 5).

Insert the handle-bars on the long side of the oval,
and allow the two middle spokes to intervene be-
tween the spokes where the bars are inserted.

Wind the split handle as in Lesson 5.

130. MODEL No. 22. OVAL BASKET WITH HANDLE.

DIMENSIONS

Oval base, 6 inches by 4.

Height, 6 inches.

Opening, 9^ inches by n^ inches.

MATERIALS

6 needles, No. 5 reed, 5^ inches.
3 threads, No. 5 reed, 7^ inches.

OVAL BASE 89

2 supporters, No. 5 reed, 7^ inches.
34 side spokes, No. 4^ reed, 20 inches.

131. Weave base six inches by four inches and
bi-spoke with the side spokes as in Model No. 21.

Separate with a three-rod arrow (19) and turn the
spokes slightly upward, with a locked four-rod coil
of No. 4 reed (15^-18).

Weave three inches in single Japanese weave (10)
with No. 3 reed.

Four-rod arrow (19-20^) of No. 4 reed.

Two inches of two-ply (62) of No. 3^ reed.

132. Finish with the following border:
Crush the spokes and carry each spoke in turn.
First row, back of one spoke and out.

Second row, over three spokes and in.

Third row, over two spokes and down and trim.

Insert the handle-bars lengthwise in the basket,
leaving one spoke between the two spokes where the
bars are inserted, and wind as in Lesson 5.

J33- QUESTIONS.

Thirty. State four distinct different points in the
weaving of round and oval bases.

Thirty-one. Give the reason for placing an extra
spoke in the middle thread of an oval base.

Thirty-two. If thirty-two spokes are used in the
sides of a basket in an oval base (three threads and
three double needles) and three are placed in the
middle thread at each end, how are the remaining
twenty-six spokes inserted in the base ?

CHAPTER XIII
CULLING-FLOWER BASKETS
134. MODEL No. 23.

DIMENSIONS

Base, 5 by 7 inches.

Height, 5 inches, with the tape measure, from the

arrow in the base to the top of the weaving.
Opening, 15 inches by 17 inches.

MATERIALS

6 needles (3 pairs), No. 7 reed, 6^2 inches long.

3 threads, No. 7 reed, S}4 inches long.

2 supporters, No. 7 reed, 8% inches long.
32 side spokes, No. $% reed, 18 inches long.

2 handle-bars, No. 10 reed, 28 inches long.
Weavers, Nos. 3 and 4 reed.

Thread the three pairs of needles with the three
threads, and wind five times between the needles
with a pliable No. 3 weaver.

Insert the supporters and weave the base until it
measures, underneath, five inches wide by seven
inches long.

As these flower baskets are flat, do not cup the

CULLING-FLOWER BASKETS 91

base too much but make the weaving very close
and firm and give the spokes a very gradual slope.

Insert the thirty-two side spokes as follows: one
at each middle needle, bi-spoking the other base
spokes and placing the extra side spoke in the mid-
dle thread of the base spokes.

Separate the spokes with a four-rod arrow with *
No. 4 reed (19-20^), turn the basket upside down,
and weave two and one half inches of double Japa-
nese weave (n), wrong side out.

Explanation: As the basket is flat we wish the
right side of the weaving to be inside, therefore re-
verse Japanese weave by going under two spokes
and over one spoke.

135. MENDING DOUBLE JAPANESE WEAVE.
(WRONG SIDE OUT.)

Allow the short end to rest in front of a spoke on the
side of the basket toward you, insert the new weaver
(irrespective of which weaver is being mended) below
the two weavers, and allow it to rest back of the
spoke to the left of the mending spoke, that is, in-
side the basket.

The short weaver ends on the outside of the bas-
ket and the new weaver begins on the inside and
both are trimmed with a very slanting cut.

Slope the side spokes very gradually, giving those
on the outside of the oval, where the handle is to be
inserted, a more direct upward slope than those on
the ends.

Weave two and one half inches of two-ply weave
(62) and finish with commercial border No. 2 (80).

92 THE BASKETRY BOOK

Insert the handle-bars crosswise, leaving one
spoke between, and wind as in Lesson 5 (75).

136. MODEL No. 24. LARGE GATHERING BASKET.

DIMENSIONS
Base, 7 by 9 inches.
Height, 6 inches from the arrow in the base to the

top of the weaving.
Opening, 19 by 21 inches.

MATERIALS

6 needles (3 pairs), No. 7 reed, 8>£ inches long.

5 threads, No. 7 reed, nJ/2 inches long.

2 supporters, No. 7 reed, 1 1 % inches long.
40 side spokes, No. 5^2 reed, 20 inches long.

2 handle-bars, No. 1 1 reed, 34 inches long.
Weavers, No. 4 reed.

Thread the three pairs of needles with the five
threads and wind six times between the pairs of
needles with a pliable No. 4 reed.

Insert the supporters, remembering to crush them,
and separate the spokes with a gradual slope until
the base measures seven inches by nine inches.

Insert the side spokes, one at each middle needle,
bi-spoking the other base spokes, and inserting the
extra spoke in the middle thread.

Separate the side spokes with a four-rod coil (15-
18) of No. 4 reed, turn the basket over and weave
from the under-side, in No. 4 reed, three inches of
single Japanese weave (10), wrong side out — that is,
under two spokes and over one spoke, curving the
spokes as in Model No. 23.

CULLING-FLOWER BASKETS 93

137. MENDING SINGLE JAPANESE WEAVE.

(WRONG SIDE OUT.)

Allow the short weaver to end in front of a spoke
on the side of the basket toward you.

Insert the new weaver on the right side of the
spoke to the left of the mending spoke and carry-
it in front of the mending spoke, back of the two
spokes, and out, and proceed with the weaving.

Place the basket on your lap and weave a four-rod
arrow (19-20^), in No. 4 reed, on the inside of the
basket.

Reverse the basket again, weaving on the outside,
and weave three inches of two-ply (62) weave and
finish with commercial border No. 2 (80).

Insert the handle-bars crosswise, leaving one side
spoke between, and wind as in Lesson 5 (75).

138. QUESTIONS.

Thirty-three. How many spokes come into play
with each stroke of the weavers in —

(a) Pairing?

(b) Triple weave ?

Thirty-four. What weaves can be used in Model
No. 24 ?

Thirty-five. What constitutes the spine of an oval
base?

Thirty-six. Is the initial spoke of the spine the
same as the initial spoke of the-base in an oval base ?

Thirty-seven. State the difference between pairing
and under-and-over weave on an even number of
spokes where two weavers are used.

CHAPTER XIV

(a) TABLE OF WEAVES.

(b) TABLE OF COILS.

(d) TABLE OF BORDERS.

(a) WEAVES

139. NUMBER ONE

UNDER-AND-OVER WEAVE, ODD NUMBER OF SPOKES.
Underhand-over weave, one weaver, in front of one and

back of one.
Double under-and-over weave, two weavers carried as

one, in front of one and back of one.
Triple under-and-over weave, three weavers carried as

one, in front of one and back of one.

NUMBER Two

UNDER-AND-OVER WEAVE, EVEN NUMBER OF SPOKES.

Under-and-over weave, two weavers, in front of one
and back of one.

Double under-and-over weave, four weavers, two car-
ried as one, in front of one and back of one.

Triple under-and-over weave, six weavers, three car-
ried as one, in front of one and back of one.

WEAVES, COILS, MEASUREMENTS, AND BORDERS 95

NUMBER THREE
JAPANESE WEAVE, NUMBER OF SPOKES NOT DIVISIBLE

BY THREE.

Japanese weave, one weaver, in front of two and

back of one.
Double Japanese weave, two weavers carried as one,

in front of two and back of one.
Triple Japanese weave, three weavers carried as one,

in front of two and back of one.

NUMBER FOUR

PAIRING WEAVE, ON ANY NUMBER OF SPOKES.
Pairing weave, two weavers, in front of one and back

of one.
Double pairing weave, four weavers, two carried as

one, in front of one and back of one.
Triple pairing weave, six weavers, three carried as

one, in front of one and back of one.

NUMBER FIVE

TRIPLE WEAVE, ON ANY NUMBER OF SPOKES.
Triple weave, three weavers, in front of two and back

of one.
Double triple weave, six weavers, two carried as one, in

front of two and back of one.
Triple triple weave, nine weavers, three carried as one,

in front of two and back of one.

NUMBER Six
TWO-PLY WEAVE.

Two-ply weave, four weaver sy in front of two and back
of two.

96 THE BASKETRY BOOK

NUMBER SEVEN
COLONIAL WEAVE.

Colonial weave, one weaver, in front of two and back
of two.

One. Number of spokes divided by four leaving a
remainder of two; number of spokes, 18, 22, 26,
30, 34, and 38; change the weave by going back
of one.

Two. Number of spokes divided by four leaving a
remainder of three; number of spokes, 19, 23,
27, 31, 35, and 39; heavy coil to the right; do
not change the weave.

Three. Number of spokes divided by four leaving a
remainder of one; number of spokes, 17, 21, 25,

29, 33, and 37; heavy coil to the left; do not
change the weave.

NUMBER EIGHT
BELLEFONTE WEAVE.

Belief onte weave, one weaver, in front of one and back
of three.

One. Number of spokes divided by four leaving a
remainder of two; number of spokes, 18, 22, 26,

30, 34, and 38; every other spoke exposed.

Two. Number of spokes divided by four leaving a
remainder of three; number of spokes, 19, 23,
27> 31* 35> and 39> heavy coil to the right.

Three. Number of spokes divided by four leaving a
remainder of one; number of spokes, 17, 21, 25,
29, 33, and 37; heavy coil to the left.

WEAVES, COILS, MEASUREMENTS, AND BORDERS 97
140. (» COILS

3 rod coil.

3 weavers.

In front of 2, back of

4 "

*4 «

2, "

5 "

" 4, "

5 "

3, "

6 "

tt c tt

6 "

*6 "

3, "

* Coil inside and out.

I4I. ARROWS

ONE

Pairing arrow. Two weavers. Twice the circumference.
Double pairing arrow. Four weavers. Two carried

as one. Twice the circumference.
Triple pairing arrow. Six weavers. Three carried

as one. Twice the circumference.

Two

Triple arrow. Three weavers. Twice the circumference.
Double triple arrow. Six weavers. Two carried as

one. Twice the circumference.
Triple triple arrow. Nine weavers. Three carried

as one. Twice the circumference.

THREE

Four-rod arrow. Four weavers. Twice the circum-
ference.

Double four-rod arrow. Eight weavers. Two carried
as one. Twice the circumference.

Triple four-rod arrow. Twelve weavers. Three car-
ried as one. Twice the circumference.

98 THE BASKETRY BOOK

BASE

HEIGHT

GREATEST
DIAMETER

OPENING

I. Work-basket, straight
sides.

3
4

5^
7^
9^

5#
7^

2. Work - basket, bowl-
shaped.

3
4

6
8

S
7
9

3. Handle basket, round.

3#
4X

5^
6X
7M

8^
iotf

I2tf

6^
8M

I0j^

4. Handle basket, pear-
shaped.

3#
\X

9
10

SX
9l/>

10^2

6
6
6

5. Handle basket, lily-
shaped.

3^
4#

6 or 7
8
9

10
12
14

6. Candy basket, straight
sides.

\y>

6
8

7. Candy basket, bowl-
shaped.

3#
4^

3^
\Y*

8. Table j ardinieres.

3X
4^
5^
6^

3K
4^
5^
6X

8
9

9. Violet bowls.

3X
4

3X
4X
4^

7^
8^

3K
4^

10. Scrap basket, Model
18.

6
6K
7

12
13

13
14
15

10*
I0|

iot

ii. Scrap basket, Model
19.

7^
8
8^

14
IS
16

9§

12. Culling - flower bas-
kets.

5X7
6x8
7x9

5^
6

15x17
17x19
19x21

*Turn shoulder at nine inches high, t Turn shoulder at ten inches high.

JTurn shoulder at eleven inches high.

§ Turn basket in when diameter is thirteen inches.

II Turn basket in when diameter is fourteen inches.

If Turn basket in when diameter is fifteen inches.

WEAVES, COILS, MEASUREMENTS, AND BORDERS 99

I42. (d) BORDERS

(a) BORDER No i.

First row, back of one and out.

Second row, in front of two and in; or in front

of three and in.
Third row, in front of two and down.

BORDER No. 2.

First row, back of two and out.

Second row, in front of two and in; or in front

of three and in.
Third row, in front of two and down.

BORDER No. 3.

First row, back of three and out.

Second row, in front of two and in; or in front

of three and in.
Third row, in front of two and down.

(b) COMMERCIAL BORDER No. i.

(a) Lay down two spokes.

(b) In front of one spoke, back of one and
out, and lay the first standing spoke.

spoke, to the inside of the basket.

COMMERCIAL BORDER No. 2.

(a) Lay down three spokes.

(b) In front of two spokes, back of one and

out, and lay down the first standing spoke.

spokes, to the inside of the basket.

ioo THE BASKETRY BOOK

COMMERCIAL BORDER No. 3.

(a) Lay down four spokes.

(b) In front of three spokes, back of one and

out, and lay the first standing spoke.

spokes, to the inside of the basket.

COMMERCIAL BORDER No. 4.

(a) Lay down five spokes.

(b) In front of four spokes, back of one and

out, and lay the first standing spoke,
(r) Carry the short ends, in front of four
spokes, to the inside of the basket.

First row, in front of two and in.
Second row, over two and down.

SCRAP-BASKET BORDER No. 2.

First row, in front of three and in.

Second row, over two and down.

A third row may be added; over two and

down.

CHAPTER XV
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

Answer to Question One:

The weaving over the spokes in the base before

they are separated.
Answer to Question Two:

The second spoke in the threads to the left of

the first angle (angle a).
It is a thread.
Answer to Question Three:

To separate the side spokes, inserted in a base,

an equal distance apart.
Answer to Question Four:

A new spoke each side of an old one; i. e., two

new spokes against each original spoke.
Answer to Question Five:

A three-rod coil is only one row of triple weave

and is reversed and locked.
Triple weave may be any number of rows and
the weaving is not reversed at the initial spoke
and is not locked.
Answer to Question Six:

Reversing the weaving at the initial spoke.

Locking the weaving at the initial spoke.
Answer to Question Seven:
The locking of the coil.

101

tfo*' • : ";';: : ; THE BASKETRY BOOK

Answer to Question Eight:

Stroke that passes in front of two spokes.
Answer to Question Nine:

The first weaver passes over two spokes and
back of one. The second weaver is inserted
back of the spoke to the right of the one
containing the first weaver and passes over
one spoke and back of one; thus the two
weavers pass back of the same spoke.
Answer to Question Ten:

The spokes of any row must all be the same
distance from the button, and they must be
an equal distance apart.
Answer to Question Eleven:

Four needles and four threads.
Answer to Question Twelve:

No.
Answer to Question Thirteen:

The number of spokes between the handle-bar
on each side of the basket would not be the
same. Therefore the handle would be crooked
in the basket.
Answer to Question Fourteen:

Half the total number of spokes used. Over-

and-under weave.
Answer to Question Fifteen:

It can be pushed through to the other side of

the button and held firmly by the needles.
Answer to Question Sixteen:

First. Each stroke passes back of the spoke to
its right and out.

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 103

Second. In front of the first standing spoke to

the right and in.
Third. Back of the second standing spoke and

out.
Fourth. In front of one spoke and in, ending

on the inside of the basket.

Answer to Question Seventeen:

Along the side spoke to the left of the middle
thread, on the side of the button containing
the three threads.
Answer to Question Eighteen:

The right handle-bar will be inserted on the
opposite side along the side spoke, to the left
of the right-hand thread.

The left handle-bar will be inserted on the op-
posite side along the side spoke, to the right
of the left-hand thread.
Answer to Question Nineteen:

The principle is the same in both bars. In
coming back on the first bar the weavers fell
to the left or below the weavers of the first
winding. Therefore on the second bar the
necessary space to the left must be allowed.
Answer to Question Twenty:

The finished lid must measure one fourth of an
inch less than the diameter of the opening of
the basket.

Diameter of lid must be six and three eighths
inches, as the lid border measures three
eighths of an inch on each side or a total of
three quarters of an inch. Six and three
eighths inches less three fourths of an inch

104 THE BASKETRY BOOK

gives five and five eighths inches for diameter
of the weaving of a lid before the border is
completed. (6^i — ^ = 5^.)

Answer to Question Twenty-one:
Pairing.

Over and under; two weavers.
Double over and under.
Single Japanese.
Double Japanese.
Triple.
Two-ply.
All coils.
Colonial and Bellefonte weaves cannot be used.

Answer to Question Twenty-two:
Pairing.

Over and under; two weavers.
Double over and under.
Triple.
All coils.
Colonial.
Bellefonte.
Japanese single or double cannot be used.

Answer to Question Twenty-three:

Six in each group.
Answer to Question Twenty-four:

No.

Under the lower vertical group.

Answer to Question Twenty-five:

(a) Japanese.

(b) Pairing, over and under, double Japanese.

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 105

Answer to Question Twenty-six:

(a) Over and under.

(b) Pairing, double over and under, double
Japanese.

under.
Answer to Question Twenty-seven:

(a) Japanese, Bellefonte, Colonial.

(b) Pairing, over and under, double Japanese.

Answer to Question Twenty-eight:
No.
The border goes in front of two and forms an

arrow with the coil.
Answer to Question Twenty-nine:

Supporters being omitted, requires more spokes,

so that they will not be too far apart.
Able to use one weaver in over-and-under weave.

Answer to Question Thirty:

Round base has a button.

Oval base has a spine.

Oval base has supporters.

Oval base carries needles in pairs as one spoke.
Answer to Question Thirty-one:

Spokes in basket would be too far apart at the

border.
Answer to Question Thirty-two:

Bi-spoke all but the middle needle.
Answer to Question Thirty-three:

As many spokes as weavers.

Pairing, two; in front of one and back of one.

io6 THE BASKETRY BOOK

Triple, three; in front of two and back of one.
Four-rod coil, four; in front of three and back
of one.

Answer to Question Thirty-four:

Over and under, two weavers; all kinds.

Pairing; all kinds.

Triple.

All coils.

Japanese; all kinds.

Answer to Question Thirty-five:

Needles, threads, and supporters with the winds
between the needles.

Answer to Question Thirty-six:

No.

The initial spoke of the spine is the upper left-
hand needle.

The initial spoke of an oval base is the lower
left-hand thread.

Answer to Question Thirty-seven:

In over-and-under weave the weavers never cross
each other.

In pairing the weavers cross each other in be-
tween the spokes.

INDEX

PARAGRAPH

American Rattan & Reed Mfg. Co i

Arrow 6-8, 19, 141

Base 32, 36

Base spokes g-a

Base with thirteen spokes S7~i> 58

Basket with simple handle 46

Bellefonte weave 57~3, 61, 139

Border 22-d, 142

Border No. one 41, 142-0

Border No. two 52, 142-0

Border No. three 142-0

Bowl-shaped basket 44, 141

Button of base 35

Candy baskets 82, 141

Coil. 6-7, 15, 140

Colonial weave 57~2, 59, 139

Commercial border No. one 70, 142-6

Commercial border No. two 80, 142-*

Commercial border No. three 142-6

Commercial border No. four 142-6

Correct and incorrect base spokes 1 16

Correct and incorrect side spokes 117, 119

Culling-flower baskets 134, 141

Definitions 5

Directions for measuring a base 3 i-a

Directions for measuring a basket 31

Directions for measuring the diameter of a basket 3 l-d

Directions for measuring the height of a basket 31-6

Directions for measuring the opening of a basket 3l-c

Double Japanese weave 6-4, II, 139

107

io8 INDEX

PARAGRAPH

Double over-and-under weave 6-2, 9, 139

Double weaving 21

Five-rod coil JS"^ 140

Flower baskets with handles 56, 73, 141

Foot rule .' . . 2-7

Four-rod coil 15-^, 140

Gathering baskets 136, 141

General rule for weaving 7

Handle for beginners 47, 49

Handle (Japanese) 53

Handle (split) 7S~78

Indian centres 93, 102

Initial spoke 5~c

Initial spoke of an arrow 39

Initial spoke of a base 35, Fig. 3, No. 3

Initial spoke of an oval base 127

Japanese handle 53

Japanese weave 6-3, 10, 139

Jardiniere for table no, 112, 141

Lay-down spokes 70-1

Lid 87

Lid basket 82, 90, 141

Lid border 88

Lift on lid 89

Lily-shaped flower basket with handle 141, 56, 64, 69

Market basket 129

Materials I

Measurements of four flower baskets 74

Mending 22-c

Mending an arrow 30

INDEX 109

Mending Bellefonte weave 61

Mending a coil 29

Mending Colonial weave 60

Mending double Japanese weave 27

Mending double Japanese weave (wrong side out) 135

Mending double over-and-under weave 25

Mending Japanese weave 26

Mending over-and-under weave , 23

Mending pairing weave 24

Mending single Japanese weave (wrong side out) 135

Mending triple weave 28

Mending two-ply 62

Model No. one 37, 42

Model No. two 43

Model No. three 44

Model No. four 46

Model No. five 51

Model No. six 54

Model No. seven 54

Model No. eight 56, 64, 69

Model No. nine. 74~9

Model No. ten 74~io

Model No. eleven 74~n

Model No. twelve 74~i2

Model No. thirteen 82

Model No. fourteen 83

Model No. fifteen 84

Model No. sixteen 107

Model No. seventeen 108

Model No. eighteen 120

Model No. nineteen 122, 123

Model No. twenty 124

Model No. twenty-one 129

Model No. twenty-two 130

Model No. twenty-three 134

Model No. twenty-four 136

Needles of an oval base 126, Diagram 24

Needles of a round base 34

New England Reed Co I

New propositions 57>92

Opening of a basket 22-<r

Oval base 126, 127

i io INDEX

PARAGRAPH

Oval basket 126, 130, 141

Oval basket with handles 130

Oval culling-flower basket 134, 141

Oval flower basket 134, 136, 141

Oval gathering basket 136, 141

Over-and-under weave 6-1, 8, 139

Overspoked basket with standard 104, 107, no

Pairing 6-5, 12, 139

Pairing arrow 105, 106, 141

Pincers 2-3

Preparation of reed 4

Questions No. one to ten 45

Questions No. eleven to thirteen 55

Questions No. fourteen to seventeen 72

Questions No. eighteen to nineteen 81

Questions No. twenty to twenty-two 91

Questions No. twenty-three to twenty-four 113

Questions No. twenty-five to twenty-seven 121

Questions No. twenty-eight to twenty-nine 125

Questions No. thirty to thirty-two 133

Questions No. thirty-three to thirty-seven 138

Rattan I

Reversing a coil i$-c

Rule for handle basket 63

Rule for oval base 128

Rule for round bases 33

Scale of measurements 141

Scrap baskets 120,122, 123, 124, 141

Scrap-basket border i2O-m

Scrap-basket border No. one \\z-c

Scrap-basket border No. two i^z-c

Shoulder of a basket 22-b

Side cutters 2-2

Side spokes 5-^

Sloyd knife 2-1

Spine of an oval base 3S~Fig. 3, No. 3

Split handle 75

INDEX in

PARAGRAPH

Spokes 5

Standard 109, 112

Stroke 5~g

Supporters 126, 127

Table jardinieres no, 112, 141

Tape measure 2-6

Terms 22

Threads of an oval base 126, Diagram 24

Threads of a round base 34

Three-rod arrow 19

Three-rod coil 15-4

Tools 2

Triple weave 6-6, 13, 139

Turn of a basket 22-<*

Two-ply 57-4,62, 139

Variations in measurements (in same model) 73, 74

Variations of basket No. one 65

Variations of basket No. two 66

Variations of basket No. three 67

Variations of basket No. four 68

Variations of weaver (in same model) 56, 69

Violet bowl 107, 141

Weavers $-<r

Weaves 6, 139

Weaving of a base 36

Winding awl 3

Winding of a split handle 76

Work-basket Model No. one 37, 42, 141

Work-basket Model No. two 43, 141

RETURN TO: CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT
198 Main Stacks

LOAN PERIOD 1
Home Use

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Renewals and Recharges may be made 4 days prior to the due date.
Books may be renewed by calling 642-3405.

DUE AS STAMPED BELOW.

FEB 2 5 2003

FORM NO. DD6 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
50M 6-00 Berkeley, California 94720-6000

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY

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