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U^J^^ Jm^ y%m (JijlA^^s
[ I was born in Iowa, August 31, 1862, and in infancy
became totally blind. During the same year my parents
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Indiana Institute for the Education of the Blind, from
which I graduated eight years later. To that institution
I owe what success I have achieved. — R. B.]
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VJ
THE
Battle ofTippecanoe
Historical Sketches
OF THE
Famous Field upon which General William Henry
Harrison Won Renown that.Aided Him in
Reaching the Presidency
LIVES OF THE PROPHET AND TECUMSEH
WITH Many Interesting Incidents
, of Their Rise and Overthrow •
THE CAMPAIGN OF 1888
AND Election of
General Benjamin Harrison
BY
REED BEARD
AVTHOK or *' Brief Biographies of American Prbsiobnts**
FOURTH EDITION
COPYHIGHT, 1911
BY
REED BEARD
HAMMOND PRtaa
• . CONKBY COMPANY
CMICA««
PREFACE
Among the earthly spots that mark the rise or fall of some dis-
tinguished hero, but few are more memorable than the Battle Ground.
The unpretentious little village which bears its name, should it exist
until the close of history, can add nothing to the perpetuity already
vouchsafed the memory of events that transpired there long ago.
Well nigh a century has passed since the battle of Tippecanoe wa^
fought. It wrought immediate and significant changes in the condi-
tions of races and governments for the period that followed, and those
results have found favor and appreciation in the public mind. Many
tributes have been paid the brave men who fell on that field, and the
American people have recognized the renown won bj the heroic
leader in that fierce fight. He was taken from successful contests on
the field of battle and elevated to the chief office within the gift of
man. Affairs of government in which his life performed a potent
part, fill many chapters of our Country's history.
Nor does the close of his career mark the end of political events
that have gathered impulse and power, or grew in sentiment so gener-
ously supplied from the fountain of cherished annals surrounding the
name of Tippecanoe.
The year but recently closed renewed and revived the history of
that field. Another president is now presiding over the destinies of this
Republic, whose warmest personal and party friends refer to the Hero
of Tippecanoe with reverence and pride.
Rebd Bkard.
Lafatkttk, Ind., August 1, 1889.
CONTENTS
Chapter I — The Prophet 18
Chapter II — Tecumseh 21
Chapter III — The Confederacy 25
Chapter IV — The March to Prophet's Town ... 47
Chapter V — The Battle 59
Chapter VI — Incidents of the Battle .... 69
Chapter VII — Effect of the Battle 75
Chapter VIII— The Battlefield 85
Chapter IX — Tippecanoe in Politics • . . . 89
Chapter X — The Campaign of 1888 • • • • 97
Chapter XI— Roll of Companies 102
Chapter XII— Indian Warrior's Reflections .... 122
ILLUSTRATIONS
PORTRAIT OF AUTHOR Frontispiece.
WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON 12
THE PROPHET 1*3
TECTJMSEH 20
INDIAN WAR DANCE 30
INDIAN WEAPONS .38
PRESENT SITE OF PROPHET'S TOWN 46
PLAN OF TIPPECANOE CAMP . . 58
prophet's rock AND RATTLE-SNAKE CAVE 68
BURNETT'S CREEK AND BATTLE GROUND. FROM THE WEST . , 74
THE BATTLE GROUND, FROM THE NORTHEAST .... 86
A BATTLE SCARRED OAK , . 92
BENJAMIN HARRISON 99
"O
N Wabash, when the sun withdrew,
And chill November's tempest blew.
Dark rolled thy waves, Tippecanoe,
Amidst that lonelj solitude.
But Wabash saw another sight ;
A martial host, in armor bright,
Encamped upon the shore that night.
And lighted up her scenery."
Song — Tippkcano*.
" Bold Boyd led on his stead v band.
With bristling bayonets burnished bright.
What could their dauntless charge withstand f
What stay the warriors' matchless might ?
Hushing amain they cleared the field :
The savage foe constrained to yield
To Harrison, who, near and far
Gave form and spirit to the war."
Battle of Tippbcakok.
"Sound,' sound the charge! spur, spur the steed.
And swifi tnc iugitives pursue :
'Tis vain: rein In — your utmost speed
Could not o'ertake the recreant crew.
In lowland marsh, in dell or cave
Each Indian sought his life to save ;
Whence peering forth with fear and ire.
He saw his Prophet's town on fire."
10
To
(general Benjamin +iarrison
President of tlie United States
TtLis VoltLme
Is Respectfully Dedicated
by the
Author
^^J^,^a^z^^-^ir»^
^tije ^attljc of "^ippzmnoz.
CHAPTER I.
THE year 1805 is memorable in the annals of Indian
warfare as the one in which that notorious impostor,
The Prophet, and his brother Tecumseh, began the form-
ation of their famous confederacy. These brothers
were of the Shawnee tribe, which came from Georgia and
located in Ohio. The Prophet was born about the year
1771, near Piqua, Ohio, and in early life was known by
the name of Laulawasikaw, or Loud Voice. In history
he is known by various names or forms of the same name,
such as Olliwachica, Tenskwatawa and Pensquatawa. In
childhood The Prophet is reported as having displayed no
evidence of superior mental endowment. It was not until
1805, after the death of the aged prophet of the Shaw-
nees (Penegashega, or The Change of Feathers) that he
laid claim to supernatural power. His doctrines were
first expounded in November of that year to an assembly
of Indians on the Auglaize river, Ohio. The meeting was
composed of representatives of the Senecas, "Wyandottes,
Ottawas and Shawnees.
In the religion taught by The Prophet were found
many virtues, gained for the most part by contact with
white travelers and adulterated with Indian superstition.
IS
U THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
He insisted upon temperance, preaching total abstinence
from intoxicants. He taught reverence for old age and
sympathy for the weak and infirm. He condemned the
intermarriage of different races and believed that the In-
dians should adhere to their own customs of living, espe-
cially in dress. The weak and superstitious character of
a great majority of Indian minds made it possible for The
Prophet to exert a great influence in his own and many
kindred tribes by means of his religious pretensions. He
claimed his will to be supreme, and whoever controverted
it endangered themselves. Many lives were thus sacri-
fioed. The power of the brothers in their own tribe was
opposed by the venerable chief, Black Hoof, who through-
out his life had frequently observed the folly of Indians go-
ing to war with white men. This chief had been present at
Braddock's defeat, 1755, in the old French and Indian
War, and had learned many lessons in his long life of
eventful experience. He died in 1813, having reached
the remarkable age of 110 years.
Throughout the year 1806 The Prophet continued his
residence at Greenville, Ohio, and in 1807, with Tecumseh,
gathered several hundred of his followers there, engaging
in the practice of superstitious rites. This large body of
Indians had the effect to alarm the white settlers of that
neighborhood; and as the Indians were occupying lands
ceded by them to the United States government in 1795,
the governor of Ohio sent commissioners to inquire
their reasons for so doing and request them to quit the
place. To these agents the Indians replied that they
were there in obedience to the command of the Great
Spirit.
Toward the close of the year 1807, The Prophet
extended his religion to the Chippewa Indians of the
upper peninsula of Michigan, a tribe made famous by
TEE PROPHET. IS
Longfellow in his poem entitled " Hiawatha." The for-
malities of his doctrine were observed with zeal for a time
by these Indians, but were subsequently abandoned.
Proselytes from many tribes continued to visit The
Prophet at Greenville, Ohio, and his teachings were
received with much favor. To overthrow the false claims
of The Prophet and disestablish the supremacy he had
attained over his followers. Gen. William Henry Harrison
sent the following letter to these Indians, urging them to
test the power of the great pretender and thus escape the
imposture and circumvention of his leadership :
" My children : My heart is filled with grief and my
eyes are dissolved in tears at the news which has reached
me. You have been celebrated for your wisdom above
all the tribes of the red people who inhabit this great
island. Your fame as warriors has extended to the re-
motest nations, and the wisdom of your chiefs has gained
you the appellation of grandfathers from all the neighbor-
ing tribes. From what cause, then, does it proceed that
you have departed from the wise counsel of your fathers,
and covered yourselves with guilt % My children, tread
back the steps you have taken, and endeavor to regain the
straight road you have abandoned. The dark, crooked
and thorny one which you are now pursuing will certainly
lead to endless woe and misery. But who is this pretended
prophet who dares to speak in the name of the great Cre-
ator ? Examine him. Is he more wise and virtuous than
you are yourselves, that he should be selected to convey to
you the orders of your God? Demand of him some
proof at least of his being the messenger of the Deity. If
God has really employed him, He has doubtless authorized
him to perform miracles that he may be known and re-
ceived as a prophet. If he is really a prophet, ask him to
cause the sun to stand still,or the moon to alter its courses,
THE PROPHET.
TEE PROPHET. 17
the river to cease to flow or the dead to rise from their
graves. If he does these things you may beheve that he
is sent from God. He tells you that the Great Spirit
commands you to punish with death those who deal in
magic, and that he is authorized to point them out.
"Wretched delusion ! Is, then, the Master of Life com-
pelled to employ mortal man to punish those who offend
Him ? Has He not the thunder and the power of nature
at His command ? And could not He sweep away from
the earth the whole nation at one motion of His arm ? My
children, do not beheve that the great and good Creator
has directed you to destroy yom* own flesh, and do not
doubt that if you pursue this abominable wickedness, His
vengeance will overtake you and crush you.
"The above is addressed to you in the name of the
Seventeen Fires. I now speak to you from myself, as a
friend who wishes you nothing more sincerely than to see
you prosperous and happy. Clear your eyes, I beseech
you, from the mist which surrounds them. No longer be
imposed upon by the arts of an impostor. Drive him
from your town and let peace and harmony prevail
amongst you. Let your poor old men and women sleep
in quietness, and banish from their minds the dreadful
idea of being burnt alive by their own friends and coun-
trymen. I charge j'^ou to stop your bloody career, and
if you value the friendship of your great father, the pres •
ident, if you wish to preserve the good opinion of the
Seventeen Fires, let me hear by the return of the bearer
that you are determined to follow my advice."
By " Seventeen Fires," the Indians meant the seven-
teen States (or council fires, in the Indian method of
speaking) which composed the Union at that time.
President Jefferson afterward wrote to President
Adams the following concerning The Prophet :
18 THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
"The Wabash Prophet is more rogue than fool, if
to be a rogue is not the greatest of all folhes. He
arose to notice while I was in the administration, and
became, of course, a proper subject for me. The inquiry
was made with diligence. His declared object was the
reformation of red brethren, and their return to their
pristine manners of living. He pretended to be in con-
stant communication with the Good Spirit ; that he was
instructed by Him to make known to the Indians that
they were created distinct from the whites, of
different natures, for different purposes, and placed
under different circumstances adapted to their nature
and destinies ; that they must return from all the
ways of the whites to the habits and opinions of their
forefathers; that they must not eat the flesh of
hogs, of bullocks, of sheep, etc., the deer and the
buffalo having been created for their food; they must
not make bread of wheat, but of Indian corn ; they must
not wear linen nor woolen, but must dress like their
fathers, in the skins and furs of animals ; they must not
drink, and I do not know whether he extended his inhi-
bition to the use of the gun and gunpowder, in favor
of the bow and arrow. I concluded from all this that
he was a visionary, enveloped in their antiquities, and
vainly endeavoring to lead back his brethren to the
fancied beatitudes of their golden age. I thought there
was little danger of his making many proselytes from
the habits and comforts they had learned from the
whites, to the hardships and privations of savageism, and
no great harm if he did. But his followers increased
until the British thought him worth corrupting and
found him corruptible. I suppose his views were then
changed; but his proceedings in consequence of them
were after I left the administration, and are, therefore,
THE PROPHET,
19
unknown to me ; nor have I been informed what were the
particular acts on his part which produced an actual com-
mencement of hostilities on ours. I have no doubt, how-
ever, that the subsequent proceedings are but a chapter
apart, like that of Henry and Lord Liverpool in the book
of the Kings of England."
TECUM8EH.
CHAPTER n.
gjejcumsjeti.
TECUMSEH was born on Mad river, in Clark county,
Ohio, 1768. He was the fourth of a family of seven
children, consisting of six sons and one daughter.
His father, Puckeshinwau, a chief of remarkable ability,
lost his life in the battle of Kanawha, 1774. His mother,
Methoataske, was also an Indian of exceptional mental
power. His father was of the Kiscopoke, and his mother
of the Turtle tribe of the Shawnee nation, and he, there-
fore, a full-blooded Indian. The education of Tecumseh
devolved upon an elder brother, who sought to store his
mind with a great love for the truth and contempt for
wrong. He excelled all his fellows in the use of the bow
and arrow, and in many ways exerted a great influence
over the youth of his tribe.
The first warlike movement in which Tecumseh par-
ticipated was about the year 1783. It was an attack made
upon some flatboats in the Ohio river, near Limestone.
All the boatmen were killed except one, who was taken
prisoner and burned to death. This terrible scene of
human destruction so impressed Tecumseh's mind with
the cruelty of this method of Indian warfare that he re-
solved never to burn a prisoner. It is believed that he
always kept that resolution inviolate. While yet a young
man, Tecumseh spent two years among the Cherokee
nations of the South, returning home in 1790, shortly after
the defeat of Harmar's expedition. From that time until
SI
9g THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
the treaty of Greenville, 1795, he participated in many
skirmishes with the whites, displaying remarkable cool-
ness and good judgment in the command of his men. He
led the Shawnee Indians in the battle near the rapids of
the Maumee, August, 1794. Though the Indian forces
were disastrously defeated by General Wayne in this
engagement, Tecumseh's followers fought with great valor.
It was in this fight that General Harrison and Tecumseh
first met in battle. The valor and bravery displayed then
by these heroes of the battlefield was indicative of their
future military renown. Tecumseh refused to attend the
meeting of chiefs who negotiated the treaty of Greenville,
August 3, 1795, and always opposed the enforcement of
its provisions.
In the spring of 1797, Tecumseh changed his abode
from Urbana and Piqua to the headquarters of White
Water river. The following year he accepted an invita-
tion to join the Dela wares, who resided along the White
river in Indiana.
In 1805 Tecumseh and his followers joined some frag-
ments of their tribe near the source of the Auglaize, Ohio.
At a council in Greenville, held in 1807, Tecumseh ex-
pressed great dissatisfaction with the treaty of 1795.
In the spring of 1808, the Kickapoos and Pottawato-
mies invited Tecumseh and The Prophet to locate in their
country at the junction of the Tippecanoe and Wabash
rivers. This invitation they accepted, and the Indians
journeyed thither and built the town of Tippecanoe, com-
monly known as Prophet's Town. This place was of
great importance, it being the abiding place of The
Prophet and headquarters of the confederacy he and
Tecumseh strove to create. About this time Tecumseh's
plan of forming a confederacy of the tribes of the North-
west, and attacking the white settlers, began to be appar-
TECUMBEH, iS
ent. The idea of a confederation of the Indian tribes in a
vain attempt to check the progressive strides of civiliza-
tion to the west was not original with Tecumseh. It
had been nurtured as the favorite hope of Pontiac, Little
Turtle and other leading spirits of the Indian race. Their
object was the accomplishment of one purpose — to stay the
advance and spread of white settlements. Tecumseh's
plans were far-reaching. lie sought to build a vast In-
dian empire in the wilderness, with himself at its head.
The Prophet and his superstitious religion were used as
tools by Tecumseh. Although The Prophet appeared for
some time the greater, his popularity was made to serve
the ambitious political purposes of his intellectual and
sagacious brother, who promulgated a new political doc-
trine among the Indians. Tecumseh insisted that the
Indians were one people, and claimed that no tribe could,
without consent of others, make a valid transfer of lands.
He journeyed from tribe to tribe for several years, labor-
ing with Indians of all sections to secure their coopera-
tion in his great work.
Tecumseh was daring and far-seeing — a sagacious and
able orator, a remarkable mihtary chief and a successful
negotiator. He was an enthusiastic leader and very pro-
ductive of expedient. There was an instinct of hatred for
the white man in his heart, which he nurtured and culti-
vated. He had sworn eternal vengeance against the
white race. Particularly qualified in that sort of tact
which distinguishes the artful politician, he appealed with
great suavity and success to the people, referred artfully
to topics which awakened the spirit of vanity and pride
and a desire for plunder. Although some of the more
conservative chiefs, through policy, were reluctant to join
him, and many of the old men objected to engaging in a
contest that would stop their annuities and awaken the
$4 TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
revenge of the United States, the young warriors eagerly
listened to his schemes and were desirous of joining his
confederacy. The thoughtless, the daring and the intem-
perate elements of the native towns rallied in support of
his plans.
Although artful, revengeful and full of cunning, Te-
cumseh possessed many noble traits. The Prophet had
but little to commend him. He was crafty, haughty and
unscrupulous. He was lazy and licentious, and under a
variety of excuses extorted his maintenance from the
Indians. A combination of circumstances gave him an
ascendancy over the native tribes altogether dispropor-
tionate to his ability. He was an abler orator than Te-
cumseh, and it is said was the most graceful of all Indians,
but he never spoke while in council with Tecumseh, so
great was the sway Tecumseh held over him. The idea
of ruling the Indians by a supposed mediator between
them and God, in all probability had its origin in Tecum-
seh's fertile mind.
» ^^z^xeX'fr ' ■
CHAPTER III.
Site ®0wf jedevac^.
AFTER the arrival of the brothers at their new home
on the Wabash, Governor Harrison sent a letter to
the Indians, which was read in the presence of The
Prophet. He said: " My children, this business must be
stopped ; I will no longer suffer it. You have called a
number of men from the most distant tribes to listen to a
fool who speaks not the words of the Great Spirit, but of
the devil and the British agents. My children, your
conduct has much alarmed the white settlers near you.
They desire that you shall send away those people. If
they wish to have that impostor with them they can carry
him along with them. Let him go to the lakes, he can
hear the British more distinctly."
In August, 1808, The Prophet visited Governor Harri-
son at Yincennes, where he remained a considerable length
of time, his object being to converse with Harrison. In
the course of these interviews The Prophet impressed the
governor that he was honest in his intentions, but ere long
the general came to regard him again as crafty, cunning
and unreliable. He came to the conclusion that The
Prophet and Tecumseh were plotting against the United
States government, and in the event of a war with Eng-
land they would exert their influence toward forming an
alliance of the Indians.
In one of his interviews The Prophet spoke to Gov-
ernor Harrison as f oUows :
25
$6 THE BATTLE OF TIPPEGANOE,
" It is three years since I first began that system of
religion I now practice. The white people and some of
the Indians were against me, but I had no other inten-
tion but to introduce among the Indians those good prin-
ciples of religion which the white people profess. I was
spoken of badly by the white people, who reproached me
with misleading the Indians, but I defy them to say that
I did anything amiss.
" Father, I was told you intended to hang me. When
I heard this I intended to remember it and tell my father
when I went to see him, and relate to him the truth.
" I heard when I settled on the Wabash, that my father,
the governor, had declared that all the land between Vin-
cennes and Fort Wayne was the property of the Seven-
teen Fires. I heard also that you wanted to know, my
father, whether I was God or man ; and that you said if
I was the former I should not steal horses. I heard this
from Mr. Wells, but I believed it originated with himself.
" The Great Spirit told me to tell the Indians that He
had made them, and made the world — that He had placed
them on it to do good and not evil.
" I told all of the redskins that the way they were in
was not good, and they should abandon it.
" That we ought to consider ourselves as one man, but
we ought to live agreeably to our several customs, the red
people after their mode and the white people after theirs ;
particularly that they should not drink whisky ; that it
was not made for them, but for the white people who
knew how to use it, and that it is the cause of all the mis-
chief the Indians suffer, and that they must listen to Him,
as it was He that made us. Determine to listen to nothing
that is bad, do not take up the tomahawk should it be
offered by the British or by the Long Knives; do not
meddle with anything that does not belong to you, but
THE CONFEDERACY. 9t
mind your own business and cultivate the ground, that
your women and children may have enough to live on.
" I now inform you that it is our intention to Uve in
peace with our father and his people forever.
" My father, I have informed you what we mean to
do, and I call the Great Spirit to witness the truth of my
declaration. The religion which I have established for
the last three years has been attended by all the different
tribes of the Indians in this part of the world. Those
Indians were once different people ; they are now but one ;
they are all determined to practice what I have commu-
nicated to them, that has come immediately from the
Great Spirit through me.
" Brothers, I speak to you as a warrior. You are one.
But let us lay aside this character and attend to the care
of our children, that they may live in comfort and peace.
"We desire that you will join us for the preservation of
both red and white people. Formerly, when we lived in
ignorance, we were foolish ; but now, since we listen to
the voice of the Great Spirit, we are happy.
" I have listened to what you have said to us. You
have promised to assist us. I now request you, in behalf
of all the red people, to use your exertion to prevent the
sale of liquor to us. We are all pleased to hear you say
that you will endeavor to promote our happiness. We
give you every assurance that we will follow the dictates
of the Great Spirit.
" We are well pleased with the attention you have
shown us, also with the good intentions of our father, the
president. If you give us a few articles, such as needles,
flints, hoes, powder, etc., we will take the animals that
afford us meat with powder and ball."
The position of Governor Harrison was one of great
responsibility. He was charged with the protection of the
98 THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
pioneer settlers. The administrations of Presidents Adams,
Jefferson and Madison had instructed him to use conciUa-
tory means, and avoid, if possible, a recourse to arms. At
many times, when the whites were nominally at peace
with the tribes, some lawless Indians would, contrary to
the wishes of the great majority of their people, invade
the settlements, murder or plunder the inhabitants, and
burn their buildings. These depredations led to retalia-
tion from the whites, who were frequently in the wrong.
Besides these difficulties, British emissaries were con-
stantly at work for several years prior to the War of 1812,
in anticipation of that struggle, creating an ill feeling
among them toward the United States. Such was the
speech of Colonel McKee in 1804. " My children," said
he, " it is true that the Americans do not wish you to
drink any spirituous liquors, and therefore have told their
traders that they should not carry any liquor into your
country, but, my children, they have no right to say
that one of your father's traders (that is, the British
traders) should carry no liquor among his children. My
children, your father, King George, loves his red chil-
dren, and wishes his red children supplied with every-
thing they want. He is not like the Americans, who are
continually blinding your eyes, and stoppmg your ears
with good words, that taste sweet as sugar, and getting
all your lands from you."
On a similar occasion, in 1805, he again said to them :
" My children, there is a powerful enemy of yours to the
east, now on his feet, and looks mad at you, therefore
you must be on your guard ; keep your weapons of war
in your hands, and have a lookout for him."
In 1809 Governor Harrison negotiated a treaty with
the Delaware, Miami and Pottawatomie Indians by which a
tract of land extending on each side of the Wabash to a
TEB CONFEDERACY, B9
point sixty miles north of Vincennes was sold to the Gov-
ernment. Tecum seh was absent when this treaty was
made. The Prophet gave no opposition. When Tecmn-
seh returned home he affected great dissatisfaction with
the sale, and threatened some of the chiefs who had con-
sented to it with death.
He claimed that these tribes could not make a valid
transfer of land without the consent of all the chiefs.
In July, 1810, Governor Harrison sent a letter to The
Prophet at Tippecanoe, the object of which was to point out
the folly of his conduct and give him assurance of the
friendly intentions of the United States government.
In this communication he said :
" What reason have you to complain of the United
States? Have they taken anything from you? Have
they ever violated the treaties made with the red men ?
You say they have purchased land from those who had
no right to sell. Show the truth of this and the land will
be instantly restored. Show us the rightful owners of
those lands which have been purchased. Let them pre-
sent themselves. The ears of your father will be open to
their complaints, and, if any lands have been purchased
from those who did not own them, they will be restored
to their rightful owners. I have full power to arrange
this business. But if you would rather carry your com-
plaints before your great father, the president, you shall
be indulged. I will instantly take the means to send you,
and three chiefs, to be chosen by you, to the city where
your father lives. Everything necessary shall be pre-
pared for your journey, and means taken to insure your
safe return."
The reception of Joseph Barron, the bearer of this let-
ter", was somewhat remarkable. He was ushered into the
presence of The Prophet and made to stand at a distance
UfDIAN WAR DANCS.
[From Famous Frontiersmen, Pioneers and Scouts; published by W, "SL
Harrison, Jr., Publishing Co., ChioaffO.]
THE CONFEDERACY. SI
of ten or twelve feet from him for a considerable time
before The Prophet, though he knew him well, uttered a
word. He then inquired, contemptuous)y, upon what
errand he came. He said : " Brouillette was here ; he was
a spy. Dubois was here ; he was a spy. Now you have
come. You, too, are a spy. There is your grave ! look
on it! The Prophet then pointed to the ground near
where Barron stood. Tecumseh presently entered and
assured Mr. Barron that his life was in no danger.
The contents of Governor Harrison's letter was then
made known. Tecumseh statea that he would visit the
governor at Vincennes within a short time, and would then
reply in person to his message. Governor Harrison, fear-
ing that treachery might be meditated by Tecumseh, re-
quested that when on his visit he should be accompanied
by but few warriors. Contrary to this request, Tecumseh
took with him seventy-five well armed men. He reached
Vincennes on the 12th of August, where he remained until
the 22d, holding frequent interviews with the governor.
In a speech delivered at the opening of these councils he
said:
" I have made myself what I am, and I would that I
could make the red people as great as the conceptions of
my mind, when I think of the Great Spirit that rules
over all. I would not then come to Governor Harrison
to ask him to tear the treaty, but I would say to him,
brother, you have liberty to return to your own country.
Once there were no white men in all this country ; then it
belonged to red men, children of the same parents, placed
on it by the Great Spirit, to keep it, to travel over it, to
eat its fruits, and fill it with the same race — once a happy
race, but now made miserable by the white people, who
are never contented, but always encroaching. They
have driven us from the great salt water, forced us
Sf TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
over the mountains, and would shortly push as into
the lakes — but we are determined to go no farther.
The only way to stop this evil is for all the red men to
unite in claiming a common and equal right in the land?
as it was at first, and should be now — for it never was
divided, but belongs to all. No tribe has a right to sell,
even to each other, much less to strangers, who demand
all, and will take no less. The white people have no right
to take the land from the Indians, who had it first ; it is
theirs. They may sell, but all must join. Any sale not
made by all is not good. The late sale is bad — it was
made by a part only. Part do not know how to sell. It
requires all to make a bargain for all."
Governor Harrison, in his reply, said : " The white
people, when they arrived upon this continent, had found
the Miamis in the occupation of aU the country of the
"Wabash, and at that time the Shawnees were residents of
Georgia, from which they were driven by the Creeks ; that
the lands had been purchased from the Miamis, who were
the true and original owners of it ; that it was ridiculous to
assert that all the Indians were one nation, for if such
had been the intention of the Great Spirit, He would not
have put six different tongues in their heads, but would
have taught them all to speak one language; that the
Miamis had found it for their interest to sell a part of
their lands, and receive for them a further annuity, in ad-
dition to what they had long enjoyed, and the benefit of
which they had experienced, from the punctuality with
which the Seventeen Fires complied with their engage-
ments, and that the Shawnees had no right to come from
a distant country to control the Miamis in the disposj'l of
their own property."
In a speech delivered on the 20th of August, which
was written down by order of Governor Harrison,
Tecimiseh said:
THE CONFEDERAOT, SS
"Brothers, I wish you to listen to me well. As I
think that you do not clearly understand what 1 before
said to you, I will explain it again.
" Brothers, since the peace was made, you have killed
some of the Shawnees, Winnebagoes, Delawares and
Miarais, and you have taken our land from us, and I do
not see how we can remain at peace if you continue to
do so. You try to force the red people to do some
injury. It is you that is pushing them on to do mischief.
You endeavor to make distinctions. You wish to pre-
vent the Indians doing as we wish them — to unite, and let
them consider the lands as the common property of the
whole. You take tribes aside and advise them not to
come into this measure ; and, until our design is accom-
plished, we do not wish to accept of your invitation to
go and see the president.
" The reason I tell you this, you want, by your distinc.
tions of Indian tribes, in allotting to each a particular
tract of land, to make them war with each other. You
never see an Indian come and endeavor to make the
white people do so. You are continually driving the red
people ; when, at last you will drive them into the Great
Lakes where they can't either stand or walk.
"Brother, you ought to know what you are doing
with the Indians. Perhaps it is by direction of the
president to make those distinctions. It is a very bad
thing and we do not like it. Since my residence at Tip-
i)ecanoe, we have endeavored to level all distinctions — to
destroy village chiefs, by whom mischief is done. It is
they who sell our lands to the Americans. Our object is
to let our affairs be transacted by warriors.
" Brothers, this land that was sold and the goods that
were given for it was only done by a few. The treaty
was brought here, and the Weas were induced to givd
S/^ THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
their consent to it because of their small numbers. The
treaty of Fort Wayne was made through the treats of
Winnemac, but in the future we are prepared to punish
those chiefs who may come forward to propose to sell the
land. If you continue to purchase of them, it will pro-
duce war among the different tribes, and at last I do not
know what will be the consequence to the white people.
" Brother, I w^as glad to hear your speech. You said
that if we could show that the land was sold by people
who had no right to sell, you would restore it. Those
that did sell did not own it. It was me. These tribes
set up a claim, but the tribes with me will not agree with
their claims. If the land is not restored to us you will
see, when we return to our homes, how it will be settled.
"We shall have a great council, at which all the tribes will
be present, when we shall show to those who sold that
they had no right to the claim they set up. We will see what
will be done to those chiefs that did sell the land to you.
I am not alone in this determination. It is the determina-
tion of all the warriors and red people that listen to me. I
now wish you to listen to me. If you do not, it will appear
that you wished me to kill all the chiefs that sold you the
land. I tell you so because I am authorized by all the
tribes to do so. I am the head of them all ; I am a war-
rior, and all the warriors will meet together in two or
three moons from this; then I shall call for those chiefs
that sold you the land and shall know what to do with
them.
" Brother, I do not believe I came here to get presents
from you. If you offer us any we will not take them. By
taking goods from you you will hereafter say that with
them you purchased another piece of land from us. * *
* * It has been the object of both myself and brother
to prevent the lands being sold. Should you not return
THE CONFEDERACY, 35
the land it will occasion us to call a great council that will
meet at the Huron village, and those who sold the land
shall be called and shall suffer for their conduct.
"Brother, I wish you would take pity on the red
people and do what I have requested. If you will not
give up the land, and do cross the boundary of your pres-
ent settlement, it will be very hard and cause great trouble
among us. How can we have confidence in the white
people ? "When Jesus Christ came on earth you killed Him
and nailed Him on a cross. You thought He was dead, but
you were mistaken. You have Shakers among you, and
you laugh and make light of their worship. Everything
I have said to you is the truth. The Great Spirit has
inspired me, and I speak nothing but the truth to you.
* * * Brother, I hope you will confess that you ought
not to have listened to those bad birds who bring you bad
news. I have declared myself freely to you, and if any
explanation should be required from our town, send a man
who can speak to us. If you think proper to give us any
presents, and we can be convinced that they are given
through friendship, we wiU accept them. As we intend
to hold our council at the Huron village, which is near the
British, we may probably make them a visit. Should
they offer us any presents of goods we will not take them.
Should they offer us powder and the tomahawk we will
take the powder and refuse the tomahawk. I wish you,
brother, to consider everything I have said as true, and
that it is the sentiment of all the red people that listen to
me."
At the close of Tecumseh's address, Governor Harri-
son commenced a reply. He was speaking of the justice
with which the United States government had treated the
most insignificant tribes, when he was interrupted by
Tecumseh, who, in an angry manner and with violent ges-
ticulations) df»zounc6d his assertions as untrue.
Se TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
When he commenced, a number of Indians sprang to
their feet, armed with war clubs and tomahawks. The
governor did not understand the Shawnee tongue, and was
unable to tell what Tecumseh was saying until it was
explained by an interpreter. But General Gibson, the
secretary of the territory, who understood the Shawnee
language, was present, and fearing that trouble would
ensue, ordered Jesse Jennings with his guard of twelve
men to come up. When Harrison learned what Tecum-
seh had said, he declared that he would proceed no further,
but would dismiss the council at once. When an inter-
preter visited Tecumseh on the following morning, he
disclaimed any intention of rudeness or insult by his con-
duct on this occasion. Governor Harrison said: " He also
told Mr. Barron that he had been informed that the citizens
here were equally divided — one-half on my side and the
other on his — one-half opposed to the purchase of lands
from the Indians, and the other, with me, determined to
drive the Indians to extremities ; that he had been told
that I purchased the lands against the consent of the gov-
ernment, and one-half of the people, who, in fact, did not
want the land, as they already had more than they could
use. This he knew to be true, as he had sent some of his
men to reconnoiter the settlements, and he found that the
lands toward the Ohio were not settled at all." Governor
Harrison granted another council which was convened on
the 21st of August in a grove near his residence. Tecum-
seh was very polite in his speech and repeated in substance
what he had told Mr. Barron in the morning. The gov-
ernor requested of him a definite answer as to whether or
not the Kickapoos would accept their annuities, to which
he replied : '' Brother, when you speak of annuities to
me, I look at the land and pity the women and children.
I am authorized to say that they -will not receive them.
THE CONFEDEBAGT. S7
Brother, we want to save that piece of land. We do not
wish you to take it. It is small enough for our purpose.
If you do take it, you must blame yourself as the cause of
trouble between us and the tribes that sold it to you. I
want the present boundary line to continue. Should you
cross it, I assure you it will be productive of bad conse-
quences."
On the 22d, accompanied only by his interpreter,
Governor Harrison visited the Indian camp and held a
long interview with Tecumseh. He told him that his
claims to the lands in question would never be acknowl-
edged by the president of the United States. To this
Tecumseh responded: "Well, as the great chief is to
determine the matter, I hope the Great Spirit will put
sense enough into his head to induce him to direct you to
give up the land. It is true, he is so far off he will not
be injured by the war. He may sit stiD in his town, and
drink his wine, while you and I will have to fight it out."
After this the council adjourned, and Tecumseh and his
followers returned to the Indian country.
Toward the close of May, 1810, a conference was held
at a place known as " the cow pasture " on the St. Joseph
river, of Lake Michigan. In this council there were
representatives of the Dela wares, Pottawatomies, Chippe-
was, Ottawas and Shawnees. This council, through the
influence of the Delawares and the friendly Pottawatomie
chief, Winneraac, refused to join The Prophet's confeder-
acy. The natural consequence of these disturbances was
to retard settlement in the Indiana Territory throughout
the year 1810. Governor Harrison made persistent
attempts to preserve peace with the various Indian
tribes. He sent frequent messages to The Prophet at
Tippecanoe, as well as to the Miami, Pottawatomie and
Delaware tribes. His ablest spies and messengers were
INDIAN WEAPONS.
^From Famous Frontiersmen, Pioneers and Scouts ; published by W. H.
Harrison, Jr., Publishinff Co., Chicago.]
TEE OONFEDERAOr. S9
Touissant, Dubois, Joseph Barron, M. Brouillette,
Francis Vigo, John Conner, Pierre La Plante and Will-
iam Prince. Late in the summer a party of Indians
stole four horses from a settlement in the northern part
of Knox county. Depredations were also committed on
the settlements along White river. About September,
1810, Captain Cross arrived at Yincennes from Newport,
Ky., with a body of troops. These soldiers were in-
tended, with three companies of militia infantry and a
company of dragoons, for the purpose of erecting a fort on
the left bank of the Wabash near the northern boundary
of the territory acquired by the Government through the
treaty of Fort Wayne, in 1809. But the erection of this
fort was postponed until the following year.
Early in 1811 the British agent of Indian affairs in
Canada, believing a war between his Government and the
United States to be inevitable, began, with unusual vigor,
to stir up discontent with the United States government
among the Northwestern Indians, that they might be
made allies of Great Britain. Governor Harrison's instruc-
tions from Washington advised a conciliatory policy as
long as such would be consistent with the duty the Gov-
ernment owed its citizens. The secretary of war intimated
to Governor Harrison that the surest way of securing
good conduct from Tecumseh and The Prophet would be
to make them captives. A Creek Indian at Vincennes
was murdered by a white man, and, though put on trial
for murder, the jury refused to convict. Two Wea In-
dians were wounded about twenty miles from Yincennes
by whites, a party of government surveyors were fright-
ened from their work and a murder committed by Indians
in the Illinois Territory. In 1810 The Prophet refused
to accept his annuity of salt, but in the spring of 1811 he
seized an entire boat load, which was intended for a num-
40 TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
ber of tribes, and sent word to the governor not to be
angry at his seizing the salt as he had got none last year
and had more than 2,000 men to feed.
In June, 1811, General Harrison sent the following
speech to Tecumseh, The Prophet and others by Capt.
Walter Wilson :
" Brothers, listen to me : I speak to you about mat-
ters of importance both to the white people and your-
selves ; open your ears, therefore, and attend to what I
shall say. Brothers, this is the third year that all the
white people in this country have been alarmed at your
proceedings ; you threaten us with war ; jou. invite all of
the tribes to the north and west of you to join against us.
Brothers, your warriors who have lately been here deny
this, but I have received information from every direc-
tion ; the tribes on the Mississippi have sent me word that
you intended to murder me, and then to commence a war
upon our people. I have also received the speech you
sent to the Pottawatomies and others to join you for that
purpose, but if I had no other evidence of your hostility
toward us, your seizing the salt I lately sent up the Wabash
is sufficient. Brothers, our citizens are alarmed, and my
warriors are preparing themselves, not to strike you, but
to defend themselves and their women and children. You
shall not surprise us as you expect to do ; 3'ou are about
to undertake a very rash act. As a friend, I advise you
to consider well of it ; a little reflection may save us a
great deal of trouble and prevent mischief ; it is not yet
too late.
" Brothers, what can be the inducement for you to
undertake an enterprise when there is so little probabil-
ity of success ? Do you really think that the handful of
men that you have about you are able to contend with the
Seventeen Fires, or even that the whole of the tribes
TEE CONFEDERACY. 4I
united could contend against the Kentucky Fire alone ?
Brothers, I am myself of the Long Knife Fire [Virginia
and Kentucky]. As soon as they hear my voice you will
see them pom'ing forth their swanns of hunting-shirt men,
as numerous as the mosquitoes on the shores of the
Wabash. Brothers, take care of their stings. Brothers, it is
not our wish to hurt you. If we did we certainly have
power to do it. Look at the number of our warriors east
of you, above and below the Great Miami ; to the south
on both sides of the Ohio, and below you also. You are
brave men, but what could you do against such a multi-
tude ? We wish you to live in peace and happiness.
" Brothers, the citizens of this country are alarmed.
They must be satisfied that you have no design to do them
mischief, or they will not lay aside their arms. You have
also insulted the Government by seizing the salt that was
intended for other tribes ; satisfaction must be given for
that also. Brothers, you talk of coming to see me, at-
tended by all your young men ; this, however, must not
be so. If your intentions are good, you have need to bring
but a few of your young men with you. I must be plain
with you ; I will not suffer you to come into our settle-
ments with such a force.
" Brothers, if you wish to satisfy us that your intentions
are good, follow the advice I have given you before ; that
is, that one or both of you should visit the president of the
United States and lay your grievances before him. He
will treat you well, will listen to what you say, and if you
can show him that you have been in jured, you Avill receive
justice. If you will follow my advice in this respect, it
will convince the citizens of this country and myself that
you have no design to attack them. Brothers, with re-
spect to the lands that were purchased last fall, I can enter
into no negotiations with you on that subject ; the affair
|jf THE BATTLE OF TIPPEOANOE.
is in the hands of the president. If you wish to go and
see him, I will supply you with the means.
" Brothers, the person who delivers this is one of my
war officers. He is a man in whom I have entire confi-
dence. Whatever he says to you, although it may not be
contained in this paper, you may believe comes from me.
" My friend Tecumseh, the bearer is a good man and
a brave warrior. I hope you will treat him well. You
are yourself a warrior, and all such should have esteem for
each other."
Captain Wilson was received by Tecumseh with great
courtesy. He sent the following reply to Governor Har-
rison's letter :
"Brother, I give you a few words, until I will be
with you myself — Tecumseh.
" Brother, at Yincennes, I wish you to listen to me
while I send you a few words ; and I hope that they will
ease your heart. I know you look on your young men ^
and your women and children with pity, to see them so
much alarmed. Brother, I wish you to now examine
what you have from me. I hope it will be a satisfaction
to you, if your intentions are like mine, to wash away all
these bad stories that have been circulated. I will be with
you myself in eighteen days from this day. Brother, we
can not say what will become of us, as the Great Spirit
has the management of us at His will. I may be there
before the time, and may not be there until that day. I
hope that when we come together, all these bad tales will
be settled. By this I hope your young men, women and
children, will be easy. I wish you, brother, to let
them know when I come to Vincennes and see you, all
will be settled in peace and happiness. Brother, these are
Dnly a few words to let you know that I will be with you
myself ; and when I am with you I can inform you better.
THE C0NFEDBRAG7. 43
Brother, if I find that I can be with you in less than
eighteen days, I will send one of my young men before
me, to let you know what time I will be with you."
On the 27th of July,Tecumseh, with about 300 Indians,
of whom twenty or thirty were women, arrived at
Vincennes. When about twenty miles from that place,
he was intercepted by Captain Wilson, with a message from
Governor Harrison, in which he complained of the Indians
approaching his capital with so large a force. Tecumseh
stated that he had but twenty-four warriors with him,
and that the remainder of the delegation came voluntarily.
The appearance of so many Indians alarmed the governor
and the people of Yincennes. On the day of their arrival
the governor reviewed the county militia, which consisted
of about 750 well-armed men, and stationed two companies
of militia infantry and a detachment of dragoons on the
borders of the town. Tecumseh made friendly professions
to Governor Harrison. He disclaimed any intention of
making war against the United States, and stated his object
to be simply the formation of a confederacy among the
Indian tribes. This, he said, had been effected with the In-
dians of the North, and that he was then on his way to ac-
complish a similar result among the Creeks, Choctaws and
Chickasaws and other southern Indians. He was opposed
to the murdering of white settlers by the Indians, and
advised the various tribes to refrain from such depreda-
tions. He thought that the whites should forgive the
past Indian murderers, inasmuch as he had forgiven white
men guilty of the same offense against the red men.
Tecumseh's stay at Yincennes was brief. He soon left,
accompanied by twenty warriors, moving down the
Wabash on his way to the southern tribes. Many of the
white people at Yincennes believed that Tecumseh medi-
tated hostile intentions when he approached their town,
U TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
but abandoned them in view of the large military display
made under the direction of Governor Harrison.
In his report to the war department concerning this
council, Governor Harrison speaks of the implicit obedi-
ence and respect that the followers of Tecumseh paid to
him as wonderful. In this letter he says : " If it were
not for the vicinity of the United States, he would per-
haps be the founder of an empire that would rival in glory
Mexico or Peru. No difficulties deter him. For four
years he has been in constant motion. You see him to-
day on the Wabash, and in a short time hear of him on
the shores of Lake Erie or Michigan, or on the banks of
the Mississippi, and wherever he goes he makes an im-
pression favorable to his purpose. He is now upon the
last round to put a finishing stroke upon his work. I
hope, however, before his return that that part of the
work which he considered complete will be demohshed
and even its foundation rooted up.''
It seems that, notwithstanding the powej* of Tecumseh
over the majority of his adherents was established upon
their great regard for him, some were conquered by
fear alone, and the instant Tecumseh had departed from
their vicinity for the South, they took occasion to express
their dissatisfaction.
We have only some f ragmen tal accounts of Tecumseh's
visit with the Indians of the southern States. He told
the Creeks that he came more than a thousand miles from
the borders of Canada to visit their nation, and, if possi-
ble, influence them to join with the English against the
Americans, when he should desire them. A midnight
conference of the chiefs was convened. A powerful
address was delivered by Tecumseh, and the chiefs unani-
mously agreed to commence hostilities when he requested
them. Tecumseh afterward labored with the Indians of
THE C0NFEDERAG7. 4£
Florida, Alabama and Missouri. He moved with a great
caution in the establishment of his confederacy, and met
with little opposition in the South. He appealed with
great eloquence to the superstitions and passions of the
various Indian tribes. He had told Governor Harrison that
he would spend nearly a year among the southern Indians
upon this mission, and on his return would visit the pres-
ident of the United States and make an amicable settle-
ment of all diHlculties. He requested the governor in
the meantime to refrain from settling the territory ac-
quired by the treaty of Fort Wayne. But the governor
was informed that Tecumseh would be gone but three
months, and he, therefore, acted with promptness, so
that when Tecumseh returned to the Wabash with his
plans completed, he found that his capital had been de-
stroyed. For some time previous to the battle, the mur-
derous depredations of the Indians continued to keep the
white settlers in constant alarm. The people of Vin-
cennes, in a public meeting held on the 31st of July, 1811,
requested the general government to afford them mili-
tary protection. President Madison had, however, on
the 17th of that month, placed the Fourth Regiment of
mounted infantry, commanded by Colonel Boyd, at the
disposal of Governor Harrison, with orders to proceed
with caution and if possible avert a general conflict. In
August, 1811, the governor sent a speech to all the In-
dian tribes of that locality, demanding the surrender of all
Indians who were murderers of American citizens. He also
required of the Miamis that they should prove that they
were not connected with Tecumseh's confederation. In
the following month a party of Indians from The Prophet's
Town visited the governor at his capital, Yincennes, and
made extravagant professions of friendship toward the
United States government. But about the same time a
46
TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
number of horses belonging to settlers were stolen. They
were tracked to the town of Tippecanoe and were surren-
dered to the searching company, but were retaken by
the Indians who appeared to regret that they had deliv-
ered them to the whites.
PW£8ENT SITE OF PROPHET'S TOWN.
CHAPTER IV.
HARRISON, having lost hopes of a peaceful solution
of difficulties, determined upon an aggressive
policy. He resolved to march on The Prophet^s
Town before Tecumseh should return from the South.
The following are some of the orders given by General
Harrison before his army moved from Vincennes :
" Headquarters, Yincennes,
16th September, 1811.
"The governor of the Indiana Territory and com-
mander-in-chief of the militia, being charged by the
president of the United States with a military expedi-
tion, takes command of the troops destined for the same ;
viz. : The detachment of regular troops under command of
Col. John P. Boyd (consisting of the Fourth United States
Regiment of infantry, and a company of the rifle regi-
ment), the present garrison of Fort Knox, and the various
detachments of militia, infantry and dragoons which
have been ordered for this service. As the present garri-
son of Fort Knox is to form a part of Colonel Boyd's com-
mand, the officer commanding that post will receive the
coloners orders. Captain Piatt, of the Second United
States Regiment, has been appointed quartermaster for all
the troops employed on the expedition, and is to be obeyed
and respected as such. Capt. Robert Buntin is appointed
quartermaster for the militia, and is to be obeyed and
47
48 THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
respected accordingly. Henry Hurst, Esq., and the Hon.
Waller Taylor, aids-de-camp to the commander-in-chief,
and, having the rank of majors, are announced as such ;
all orders coming from them, in his name, whether in writ-
ing or verbally delivered, are to be respected and obeyed,
as if delivered by the commander-in-chief in person.
Captain Piatt is to have the superintendence of persons
appertaining to the quartermaster's or military agent's
department, and the direction of all stores destined for
the use of the expedition."
" Headquarters, Vincennes,
21st September, 1811.
" The commandants of the several infantry corps will
immediately commence drilling their men to the perform-
ance of the evolutions, contemplated by the commander-
in-chief, for the order of march and battle. The principal
feature in all these evolutions is that of a battalion chang-
ing its direction by swinging around on its center. This,
however, is not to be done by wheeling, which for a large
body, is impracticable in woods. It is to be formed thus :
The battalion being on its march in a single rank, and its
center being ascertained, the front division comes to the
right about, excepting the man in the rear of that division ;
at the same time the front man of the second division
takes a position about four feet to the left of the man in
the rear of the front division, and dresses with him
in a line at right angles to the line of march, these
two men acting as guides or mai'kers for the formation of
the new ahgnraent. At the word 'form the new ahgn-
ment, march I ' the men of the front division, passing in
succession to the left of then* guide and doubling round
him, form on his right ; the men of the rear division at
the same moment filing up in succession to the left of their
guide, dress in a line with him and the guide of tlie front
THE MARCH TO PROPHET'S TOWN. 49
division. This movement may be performed by any
number of men whatever — by a company or platoon as
well as by a battalion.
" Joseph Hamilton Daveiss, Esq., has been appointed
and commissioned major of dragoons in the militia of
Indiana Territory ; and is appointed to the command of
all the dragoons employed on the present expedition —
which, for this purpose, will form one squadron."
" Headquarters, Vincennes,
22d September, 1811
"The whole of the infantry, regulars and militia, is to
be considered as one brigade, to be under the command
of Col. John P. Boyd as brigadier-general. Lieutenant-
colonel Miller will command the first line, composed
of the whole of the United States troops ; and Lieutenant-
colonel Bartholomew the second line, composed of the
whole of the militia infantry ; and these officers will
report to, and receive their orders from. Colonel Boyd.
The whole of the cavalry will be under the command of
Major Daveiss, who will report to, and receive his orders
from, the commander-in-chief. Captain Spencer's com-
pany of volunteers will act as a detached corps, and the
captain will receive his orders from the commander-in-
chief ; they are received as a company of mounted volun-
teers.
" The whole army will parade to-morrow at 1 o'clock ;
the infantry in two columns of files in single rank. The
regular troops will form the leading battalions of each
column ; the militia infantry the rear. The columns
will be at such a distance from each other that
when the battalions change their order to one at right
angles to their order of march their flanks will meet.
Major Daveiss will place his largest troop of dragoons in a
squadron at open order 150 yards advanced of the columns
60 THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
of infantry, and at right angles to the order of march.
The next largest troop will be placed in the same form
and order at 150 yards in rear of the columns. The
third troop will be placed, in single line, on the right
flank, at 150 yards from the line of infantry, and parallel
thereto. Captain Spencer's company will be formed on
the left flank, in single rank, and in a line parallel to the
infantry, at a distance of 150 yards from the left column.
" The army, thus formed, will commence its march — the
columns taking care to keep their distance and their heads
dressed. "When in the woods the movements will be reg-
ulated by signals from the drums. The maneuvering on
to-morrow being on open ground, the sight will be sufficient
to govern the movements. Upon the word being given
to * receive the enemy in front in two lines,' each battal-
ion (of which there are supposed to be four — two in each
column) will swing round on its center in the manner
directed by the general order of the 21st instant. The
dragoons in front will be supposed to keep the enemy in
check until the lines are formed, when they will be recalled
by a signal, which, for the present, will be the retreat.
The dragoons and mounted riflemen on the flanks and in
the rear will continue their first positions until ordered
otherwise. If the second line should be ordered up to form
on the flank of the first line, the commanding officer will
order the line to break off by files from the right of
platoons — the right battalion marching obliquely to the
right, and the left to the left, and forming, respectively,
upon the right and left of the front line. At the same
time the dragoons and mounted riflemen on the flanks will
incline to the right or left, as the case may be, to give
room for the infantry to form, and will endeavor to turn
the flank of the enemy. When the first troop of dragoons
is called, it will pass in short columns of files through the
THE MARCH TO PROPHET'S TOWN. di
intervals of the front line, and form a corps de reserve im-
mediately in the rear of the front line ; and, upon the
moving up of the second line of infantry, the rear troop
of dragoons will move up and join the advanced troop in
the rear of the first line. The lines of march will be
formed again in the manner the commander-in-chief shall
direct. Dr. Blood, having been appointed a surgeon's
mate. Dr. Foster will employ him in such a manner as will
be most beneficial to the service."
*' Headquarters, Yinoennes,
22d September, 1811.
" After Orders. — The army being formed in the order
of march prescribed by the general order of the day, if an
attack should be made on the right flank, the whole will
face to the right, and it will then be in two lines parallel
to the line of march, the right column forming the front
line and the left the rear. Should the attack be made on
the left flank, the reverse of what is here described will
take place — ^. e., the whole army will face to the left, the
left column acting as the front line, and the right as the
rear — the same maneuver as is directed for an attack in
front, with this dift'erence only, that the leading grand
division of each battalion will form by the filing up of
each man in succession, and the second grand division by
doubling round its front guide and displaying to the left.
To resist an attack in front and rear, the two leading bat-
talions will perform the maneuver directed for the front
attack, and the two others that which has been last de-
scribed. In all cases where there is an attack other than
a front one, the dragoons and riflemen will consider them-
selves as front, rear, or flank guards, according to the situ-
ation they may be placed in, relatively to the rest of the
army, and perform the duties which those situations re-
spectively require, as heretofore directed."
M THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
On the 26th of September, General Harrison, in com-
mand of this military expedition, left Yincennes. On the
3d of October he encamped at a point on the east side of
the Wabash, two miles north of the present site of Terre
Haute. This place, known by the French settlers as
Bataille des Illinois, was, according to Indian tradition,
the scene of a great battle between the Illinois and Iro-
quois tribes. Here General Harrison erected a fort, which,
by unanimous request of his commissioned officers, was
named Fort Harrison. General Harrison sent a message
to the friendly Delaware chiefs, inviting them to meet
him on the Wabash. The request was complied with by
all who were able to march. While on their way to join
Harrison, the Delaware chiefs were met by some of The
Prophet's followers and told that the Indians were soon
to take up arms against the Americans, and requested
them to join the confederacy, and threatened them with
punishment if they refused. Sending a message to Har-
rison to inform him of this, they visited The Prophet. On
the evening of the 10th of October, a sentinel in Har-
rison's camp was severely wounded by some Indians who
fired on him. Governor Harrison had hoped that the
advance of his army from Vincennes would overawe the
Indians and avert a conflict. The impression on them,
though not sufficient for this, was very perceptible. The
Miami chiefs started to visit him, and the Wea tribe
declared that they would never join The Prophet. Har-
rison, being convinced of the warlike intentions of the
savages, determined to march upon Tippecanoe, desiring,
if possible, to bring the contest to a close before Tecum-
seh should return from among the southern Indians. His
departure from Fort Harrison was delayed because of
poor arrangements concerning his supply of provisions.
On the 27th of October, the Delaware chiefs, who
TEE MAROH TO FBOPSET'S TOWN. SS
had visited The Prophet at Tippecanoe, arrived at Fort
Harrison. They reported to the general the hostile
preparations of The Prophet. They stated that he
treated them with great contempt and that he was
practicing his diabolical rites and holding great war
dances every night. They stated that the Indians, who
fired on and wounded the sentinel at Fort Harrison, had
returned to Tippecanoe, and that they belonged to the
Shawnee tribe. And that The Prophet had declared his
intention of burning the first prisoner taken.
After a conference it was decided to send a deputa-
tion to The Prophet by the friendly Indian chiefs. The
governor demanded of The Prophet that all stolen horses
should be returned to their owners, and that Indian
murderers of white settlers be delivered up to him, and
that the Kickapoo, Pottawatomie and Winnebago Indians,
then at Tippecanoe, should return to their tribes. Fort
Harrison was completed on the 28th of October, and left
garrisoned by a few soldiers, the majority of whom were
invalids, under Lieut. -Col. Miller.
The army resumed its march for The Prophet's Town
on the following day. It consisted of about 910 men,
composed of 250 regular troops, under Col. John P. Boyd ;
about sixty Kentucky volunteers ; and some 600 volun-
teers from the Indiana Territory, including companies
organized at Corydon and Vincennes, and other points
along the Wabash and Ohio rivers. Of these about 120
were dragoons. Among the Kentucky volunteers were
some of that State's most gallant sons, such as Joseph
Hamilton Daveiss, an eminent lawyer, a man of remark-
able eloquence and talents ; Gen. Samuel Wells, who had
rendered valuable service in former Indian wars ; Col.
Abraham Owen, a venerable participant in frontier strag-
gles ; Colonel Guiger. who organized a small company near
SJ^ THE BATTLE OF TIPPE GANGS.
Lotetfsville; in this army also were Croghan, 0' Fallon,
Shipp, Cheem and Edwards, who afterward distinguished
themselves as officers in the army of the United States.
The march to Tippecanoe was conducted with great
caution. There were two routes leading to The Prophet's
Town in general use by the Indians ; one on each side of
the Wabash river. The one on the left, or southeast side
was the shorter, but lay in a wooded country where
the army would be exposed to ambuscade. The
route on the right, or northwest side of the Wabash,
presented less opportunity for such attacks, and was
therefore preferred by General Harrison, over which to
conduct his army. In order to deceive the Indians if
possible, General Harrison caused the road on the south-
east side of the river to be reconnoitered and opened into a
wagon road. The army started from Fort Harrison,
moving up the east bank until it had crossed Big Rao-
coon creek. But suddenly, on the 31st, he crossed the
Wabash near the site of the present town of Montezuma,
Parke county, and took the other trail. On the 2d of
November, the army built a block-house about twenty-five
feet square, in a small prairie, at a point on the west bank
of the Wabash, nearly three miles below the mouth of the
Big Vermillion river. At this post a guard of eight men
and a sergeant were stationed for the purpose of protect-
ing the boats, which up to this place had been used in the
transportation of supplies. The uncertainty concerning
the movements of the Indians had been a source of un-
easiness to General Harrison. Had he been opposed by an
army similar to his own, it would have been his duty as a
military commander to have ascertained the situation of
the enemy and to interpose his force between them and
the unprotected settlements he left behind him. But, with
an army of savages, who had no artillery or military sup-
THE MARCH TO PROPHET'S TOWN. SS
plies to carry with them, who could traverse the forests
without roads, who could dissolve their army organiza-
tion into single men and reunite at a given point with the
greatest secrecy and dexterity, the situation was hazard-
ous. Since Governor Harrison was the civil as well as the
military head of Indiana Territory, he was charged with
the responsibility of protecting the women and children
in the unprotected settlements. The thought that the
Indian might be stealing his way to murder the defense-
less inhabitants of Yincennes while he, with all avail-
able military force of the settlements, was marching
to attack him in his own stronghold, bore heavily upon
the governor's mind. He arose one night from his restless
sleep and ordered Major Jordan of the Indiana volunteers
to take with him forty picked men and return to Vin-
cennes. His orders were, in case the army should be
destroyed, to fortify the courthouse and other public build-
ings and to dispatch the governor of Kentucky, with the
utmost speed, for assistance. The army proceeded on its
march, there being no incident worthy of mention untiJ it
reached Big Pine creek in Warren county. This stream
was bordered by high, rocky bluffs, covered by cedar and
pine trees. The defile through which the army would
have to pass in going down into and coming up out of
this stream was long and narrow, and afforded an op-
portunity where a few men might successfully dispute the
progress of his entire army. The Indians had twice availed
themselves of this pass in opposing expeditions sent
against them. First, in 1786, against an expedition led
by General Clarke. Secondly, in 1790, against Colonel
Haratramck, who led a portion of the American army.
General Harrison halted and sent forth a reconnoiter-
ing party to find a crossing where his army would be less
exposed to attack. A ford, evidently used by the Indians,
86 TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
was found further up the stream, on the border of a
prairie country. The beauty of this region, stretching
away to the northwest, toward the lUinois river, a dis-
tance of about 100 miles, was viewed by the soldiers
with great admiration. The Big Pine was crossed in
safety. No Indians were seen until the army had well
nigh reached The Prophet's Town.
On the night of the 5th of November, the army en-
camped near the present village of Montmorenci, in the
western part of Tippecanoe county, about ten miles from
The Prophet's Town. On the following day the march
was resumed. Indians were seen lurking about, and the
interpreters in front of the army were instructed to in-
terview them. The Indians refused to talk, and replied
only with defiant gestures. At 2 o'clock in the afternoon
of the 6th of November, the army arrived within about
a mile and a half of The Prophet's Town. General Har-
rison was urged to make an immediate attack. But his
instructions were to avoid hostilities, if possible, and he
still hoped for the arrival in his army of the deputation
of friendly Indians, which he had sent while yet at Fort
Harrison, concerning whom nothing had been heard or
seen. General Harrison sent Captain Dubois, accom-
panied by an interpreter, forward with a flag of truce.
The Indians refused to converse with him, and endeav-
ored to cut them off from the army on their return. Har-
rison determined to encamp for the night, and started in
search of suitable ground. When he had almost reached
the town, The Prophet sent forward a deputation of three
Indians, including his chief counsellor. With much pre-
tended innocence they inquired why the American army
had approached so near their town. They disclaimed all
hostile intentions, and told Harrison that The Prophet had
sent a pacific message to him by the friendly Indians, who
THS MABOE TO PROPHET 'S TO WN. S7
had returned to Fort Harrison by the road on the south-
east side of the Wabash, and had by that cause failed to
meet him. It was arranged that General Harrison should
meet The Prophet on the following day and conclude a
treaty of peace. He inquired of the Indians for a suita-
ble camping ground, where the army could have plenty
of fuel and water. They referred him to a site on a creek
northwest of the town. Harrison dispatched two of his
officers. Majors Marston G. Clark and Waller Taylor, to
inspect this ground. After an examination, they reported
everything satisfactory, and the army went into camp for
the night.
Jl*
_jUl.
■J4..
M
\_
:Sk
JL.
:tJk
A. 2a»3i A Ob., Cfigrt., Ct>
PLAN OF TIPPECANOE CAMP, EVENING OF NOVEMBER 6, 1811.
CHAPTER V.
THE camping ground was a spot of high oak land ris-
ing several feet above a marshy prairie fronting it
on the southeast, and extending to the Indian town.
The height at the west bank of this tract was much
greater and overlooked a small prairie, through the edge of
which, near the border of the camping ground, ran a small
stream, now known as Burnett's creek. This stream was
skirted on either side by a dense growth of willow and
other shrubs. The place was an admirable camping
ground, but it afforded every facility for a night surprise,
which was just the kind of an attack meditated by the
Indians. General Harrison, familiar with the methods
of Indian warfare^ was ever ready for emergencies. To
offset this danger, he ordered his army to encamp in
readiness for battle, the men sleeping upon their arms.
The front, or southeast, and rear lines along the creek were
guarded by columns of infantry, separated on the north,
or left flank, by about 150 yards, but at the right, or south
end, where the ground approached an abrupt point, the
front and rear lines were but about eighty yards distant.
This flank occupied a line about 150 yards north of the
point, and was composed of Captain Spencer's company of
eighty mounted riflemen. This company was known as
the Yellow- jackets, because of the color of their uniform.
The left flank was more exposed and consisted of 120
69
60 THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE,
mounted riflemen, under command of Major-general
Wells, of the Kentucky volunteers. The front line, facing
the marshy prairie to the southeast, was composed of
Major Floyd's battalion of United States infantry, flanked
on the left and right by two companies.
The rear line, facing Burnett's creek, was occupied by
Major Baen's battalion of United States infantry, and
four companies of militia infantry, commanded by
Lieutenant- colonel Decker. Two companies of dragoons,
consisting of sixty men, under command of Major
Joseph H. Daveiss, occupied a position in the rear of
the left flank, while Captain Parke, with a larger force,
was placed to the rear of the front. In case a night
attack was made, the dragoons were instructed to parade
dismounted, with pistols in belt, as a reserve corps.
The following account of the battle of Tippecanoe is
taken from the otiicial dispatch sent by General Har-
rison to the secretary of war, on the 18th of November,
eleven days after the battle :
" I had risen at a quarter after four o'clock, and the
signal for calling out the men would have been given in
two minutes, when the attack commenced. It began on
the left flank ; but a single gun was fired by the senti-
nels, or by the guard in that direction, which made not
the least resistance, but abandoned their officer and fled
into camp ; and the first notice which the troops of that
flank had of the danger, was from the yells of the sav-
ages a short distance from the line ; but, even under these
circumstances, the men were not wanting to themselves
or to the occasion. Such of them as were awake, or were
easily awakened, seized their arms and took their sta-
tions; others, which were more tardy, had to contend
with the enemy in the doors of their tents. The storm
first fell upon Captain Barton's company, of the Fourth
TEE BATTLE. ei
United States Eegiment, and Captain Guiger's company
of mounted riflemen, which formed the left angle of the
rear line. The fire upon these was excessively severe, and
they suffered considerably before relief could be brought
to them. Some few Indians passed into the encampment
near the angle, and one or two penetrated to some dis-
tance before they were killed. I believe all the other
companies were under arms, and tolerably formed, before
they were fired on. The morning was dark and cloudy.
Our fires afforded a partial light, which, if it gave us
some opportunity of taking our position, was still more
advantageous to the enemy, affording them the means of
taking a surer aim. They were, therefore, extinguished as
soon as possible.
" Under these discouraging circumstances, the troops
(nineteen-twentieths of whom had never been in an action
before) behaved in a manner that can never be too much
applauded. They took their places without noise, and
with less confusion than could have been expected from
veterans placed in a similar situation. As soon as 1
could mount my horse, I rode to the angle that was
attacked. I found that Barton's company had suffered
severely, and the left of Guiger's entirely broken. I im-
mediately ordered Cook's company, and the late Captain
Wentworth's, under Lieutenant Peters, to be brought up
from the center of the rear line, where the ground was
much more defensible, and formed across the angle, in
support of Barton's and Guiger's. My attention was
then engaged by a heavy firing upon the left of the front
line, where were stationed the small company of United
States riflemen (then, however, armed with muskets), and
the companies of Baen, Snelling and Prescott, of the
Fourth Regiment.
" I found Major Daveiss forming the dragoons in the
rear of those companies, and understanding that the
6S TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
heaviest part of the enemy's fire proceeded from some
trees about fifteen or twenty paces in front of those com-
panies, I directed the major to dislodge them with a part
of the dragoons. Unfortunately, the major's gallantry
determined him to execute the order with a smaller force
than was sufficient, which enabled the enemy to avoid
him in the front and attack his flanks. The major was
mortally wounded, and his party driven back. The
Indians were, however, immediately and gallantly dis-
lodged from their advantageous position, by Captain
Snelling, at the head of his company.
" In the course of a few minutes after the commence-
ment of the attack, the fire extended along the left flank,
the whole of the front, the right flank and part of the
rear line. Upon Spencer's mounted riflemen, and the
right of Warrick's company, which was posted on the right
of the rear line, it was excessively severe. Captain Spen-
cer, and his first and second lieutenants, were killed, and
Captain Warrick mortally wounded. Those companies,
however, still bravely maintained their posts ; but Spen-
cer's having suffered so severely, and having originally too
much ground to occupy, I reinforced them with Robb's
company of riflemen, which had been driven, or, by mis-
take, ordered from their position in the left flank, toward
the center of the camp, and filled the vacancy that had
been occupied by Robb with Prescott's company of the
Fourth United States Regiment. My great object was to
keep the lines entire — to prevent the enem}^ from breaking
into the camp, until daylight should enable me to make
a general and effectual charge. With this view I had re-
inforced every part of the line that had suffered much ;
and as soon as the approach of morning discovered itself,
I withdrew from the front line Snelling's, Posey's (under
Lieutenant Allbright) and Scott's, and from the rear line
THE BATTLE, 63
Wilson's companies, and drew them up upon the left
flank ; and, at the same time, I ordered Cook's and Baen's
companies — the former from the rear, and the latter from
the front line — to reinforce the right flank, foreseeing
that, at these points, the enemy would make their last
efforts. Major Wells, who commanded on the left flank,
not knowing my intentions precisely, had taken the com-
mand of these companies — had charged the enemy be-
fore I had formed the body of dragoons with which I
meant to support the infantry; a small detachment of
these were, however, ready, and proved amply sufficient
for the purpose. The Indians were driven by the in-
fantry at the point of the bayonet, and the dragoons pur-
sued and forced them into a marsh, where they could not
be followed. Captain Cook and Lieutenant Larrabee
had, agreeably to my order, marched their companies to
the right flank and formed them under fire of the enemy;
and, being then joined by the riflemen of that flank, had
charged the Indians, killed a number, and put the rest t>i»
precipitate flight.
" The whole of the infantry formed a brigade, under the
immediate orders of Colonel Boyd. The colonel, through-
out the action, manifested equal zeal and bravery in
carrying into execution my orders — in keeping the men
to their posts, and exhorting them to fight with
valor. His brigade-major, Clarke, and his aid-de-camp,
George Croghan, Esq., were also very serviceably em-
ployed. Colonel Joseph Bartholomew, a very valuable
officer, commanded, under Colonel Boyd, the militia infan-
try. He was wounded early in the action, and his ser-
vices lost to me. Maj. G. R. C. Floyd, the senior officer,
of the Fourth United States Regiment, commanded im-
mediately the battalion of that regiment, which was in the
front line. His conduct, during the action, was entirely
64 TEE BATTLB OF TIPPECANOE,
to my satisfaction. Lieutenant-colonel Decker, who com-
manded the battalion of militia on the right of the rear
line, preserved his command in good order. He was,
however, but partially attacked. I have before mentioned
to you that Major-general Wells, of the Fourth Division of
Kentucky Militia, acted, under my command, as a major,
at the head of two companies of mounted volunteers.
The general retained the fame which he had already ac-
quired in almost every campaign, and in almost every
battle which has been fought with the Indians since the
settlement of Kentucky. Of the several corps, the Fourth
United States Regiment, and the two small companies
attached to it, were certainly the most conspicuous for
undaunted valor. The companies commanded by Captains
Cook, Snelling and Barton ; Lieutenants Larrabee, Peters
and Hawkins, were placed in situations where they could
render most service, and encounter most danger; and
those officers eminently distinguished themselves. Cap-
tains Prescott and Brown performed their duty, also, en«
tirely to my satisfaction, as did Posey's company of the
Seventh Regiment, headed by Lieutenant Allbright. In
short, sir, they supported the fame of American regulars ;
and I have never heard that a single individual was found
out of the line of his duty.
" Several of the militia companies were in no wise in-
ferior to the regulars. Spencer's, Guiger's and Warrick's
maintained their posts amid a monstrous carnage — as,
indeed, did Robb's, after it was posted on the right flank.
Its loss of men (seventeen killed and wounded), and
keeping its ground, is sufficient evidence of its firmness.
Wilson's and Scott's companies charged with the regular
troops, and proved themselves worthy of doing so. Wor-
lds' company also behaved well. Hargrove's and Wil-
kin's companies were placed in a situation where they
THE BATTLE. es
had no opportunity of distinguishing themselves, or, I am
satisfied, they would have done it. This was the case
with the squadron of dragoons also. After Major Da-
veiss received his wound, knowing it to be mortal, I pro-
moted Captain Parke to the majority, than whom there
is no better officer. My two aids-de-camp, Majors Hurst and
Taylor, with Lieutenant Adams, of the Fourth Regiment,
the adjutant of the troops, afforded me the most essential
aid, as well in the action as throughout the campaign.
" The arrangements of Captain Piatt, in the quarter-
master's department, were highly judicious ; and his exer-
tions on all occasions — particularly in bringing off the
wounded — deserve my warmest thanks. But, in giving
merited praise to the living, let me not forget the gallant
dead. Col. Abraham Owen, commandant of the Eighteenth
Kentucky Regiment, joined me, a few days before the
action, as a private in Captain Guiger's company. He
accepted the appointment of volunteer aid-de-camp to me.
He fell early in the action. The Representative of his State
will inform you that she possessed not a better citizen,
nor a braver man. Maj. J. H. Daveiss was known as an
able lawyer and a great orator. He joined me as a private
volunteer ; and, on the recommendations of the officers of
that corps, was appointed to command the three troops
of dragoons. His conduct, in that capacity, justified their
choice. Never was there an officer possessed of more
ardor and zeal to discharge his duties with propriety,
and never one who would have encountered greater dan-
ger to purchase military fame. Captain Baen, of the
Fourth United States Regiment, was killed early in the
action. He was unquestionably a good officer and a val-
iant soldier. Captains Spencer and Warrick, and Lieu-
tenants McMahan and Berry, were all my particular
friends. I have ever had the utmost confidence in their
B6 THE BATTLE OF TIPPEOANOB.
valor, and I was not deceived. Spencer was wounded in
the head. He exhorted his men to fight valiantly. He
was shot through both thighs and fell ; still continuing to
encourage them, he was raised up, and received a ball
through his body, which put an immediate end to his ex-
istence. "Warrick was shot immediately through the
body. Being taken to the surgery to be dressed, as
soon as it was over (being a man of great bodily vigor
and able to walk) he insisted on going back to the head of
his company, although it was evident that he had but few
hours to live."
The American loss in the engagement was thirty-seven
killed and 151 wounded, of which twenty-five were mortal.
Among the killed or mortally wounded were : Colonels
Joseph Hamilton Daveiss and Abraham Owen ; Captains
W. C. Baen, Spier Spencer and Jacob Warrick ; Lieuten-
ants Thomas Berry, Richard McMahan, Thomas Randolph,
Esq., and Col. Isaac White.
Among the wounded were : Lieutenants Luke Decker
and Joseph Bartholomew ; Dr. Edward Scull ; Adjutant
James Hunter ; Lieutenants George Gooding, George P.
Peters ; Ensign Henry Burchstead ; Capt. John Norris and
Capt. Frederic Guiger.
The Indians engaged in this conflict have been variously
estimated at from 350 to 1,000 warriors. The exact
number can never be told. It is probable that it was
about equal to that of the American army. Their loss
was about the same as that of the whites, there being
thirty-eight bodies found on the field after the battle.
This fact, when considered with the custom of the Indians
to carry off their dead, indicates a heavy loss.
The Prophet, during the battle, stationed himself
upon a small point of elevated ground near by and
thanted war songs to encourage his followers. He ha4
THE BATTLE. 67
predicted the crushing defeat of Harrison's army, and
said that the bullets would leave the Indians unhurt.
When, during the course of the battle, he was informed
that some of his braves had been killed, he commanded
the Indians to fight on, promising them an easy victory.
The Indians, in this battle, were under the command
of three chiefs, viz.: White-loon, Stone-eater and Winne-
mac. The warriors had been gathered from many tribes,
including the Shawnees,Wyandottes or Hurons, Kickapoos,
Pottawatomies, Winnebagoes, Ottawas, Chippewas, Sacs
and a few Miamis.
This defeat caused the Indians to lose faith in The
Prophet. The great majority of them returned to their
tribes. The Prophet, for a time took refuge in a
Wyandotte settlement on the Wild Cat creek ; he then
went to Canada and remained under British protection
for some time. But he afterward returned to Ohio and
settled with the Shawnee Indians, and with that tribe
removed to the Indian lands west of the Mississippi,
where he died in 1834, having been a pensioner of the
British government since 1813.
The battle of Tippecanoe was fought contrary to the
orders of Tecumseh, who, when he returned from the
South with his confederacy completed, found that all
had been ruined by the folly of his brother.
Tecumseh joined the British army in the War of 1812,
and met his death in the battle of the Thames, October
5, 1813. It is said that the bullet which killed him was
fired by Col. Ki chard M. Johnson, of Kentucky, who
was afterward elected vice-president of the United States.
^f t
CHAPTEE YI.
Sncidewts of tlxe gattlje.
IN the battle of Tippecanoe some of the American
soldiers displayed great bravery and fearlessness.
For example, a young man, the flint of whose gun
was out of order, despite the earnest protest of his
companions went to a fire, and by a light created,
repaired it. In this work he was made, by the light, a
target for the Indian bullets. Many shots were fired at
him, but he repaired his flint and returned to his post
unharmed. The Indians, also, displayed exceptional
bravery. Their fanaticism and superstition were worked
to the highest pitch by The Prophet. In this battle the
Indians abandoned their usual methods of firing, from
behind trees and other protections, and rushed into the
open field of the American camp. A Winnebago chief
approached a fire, at a place where the American lines
had been pushed back, to repair his flint. A number of
shots were fired at him, one of which accomplished its
deadly mission. The chief fell forward in the fire. A
regular soldier of the United States army from New Eng-
land went out to take his scalp, but, as the soldier was
inexperienced in the business, it required considerable
time for the completion of the job, and when he returned
to the American lines from his barbarous errand he not
only brought the scalp of the chief as a trophy, but also
carried a mortal wound, inflicted by an Indian rifle. The
69
^0 TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
body of the chief was rescued by the Indians and carried
into their town, where the American troops found it when
they entered.
During this fiercely fought and bloody conflict Gen-
eral Harrison displayed great bravery and courage, moving
about over the battlefield on horseback. He made able
disposition of his forces, strengthening those parts of the
lines where the Indian attack was severest. Though en-
treated by his officers to refrain from exposing his person,
he persisted in taking an active and open part in the
engagement; doing much by word and example toward
encouraging his men to remain firm under the galling fire
in the darkness of the morning.
A major, whose person and uniform resembled those
of the general, was found by some of the men lying with
face down in front of the lines, having been fatally shot.
And as Harrison had shortly before been seen in that
quarter of the field, the word soon spread along the line
that the general had fallen. But Harrison presently ap-
peared in that section of the field and allayed their fears,
being received with loud huzzas. The person of the gen-
eral was a special target for the Indian bullets. They
conspired to assassinate him early in the battle.
General Harrison had two horses. The one he usually
rode was a white one. It was kept saddled and bridled
during the night before the battle. The stake to which
it was tied was pulled up and the animal hitched by a
servant to the wheel of a wagon. When the attack was
made this servant was so frightened that he could not
remember where he had placed the horse. Major Taylor
loaned General Harrison his horse. Early in the battle
one of the general's aids, who rode a white horse, was shot,
it is believed, by Indians who mistook him for Harrison.
During the fight Harrison's hat rim was pierced and his
INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE, 71
hair grazed by a rifle ball. The Indians chewed the bul-
lets they used in this battle, that wounds created might
be more lacerating. This partially accounts for the large
mortality among the wounded. On the day of the battle
the American army had no meat except boiled horse flesh.
This day was spent in caring for the wounded, burying
the dead and fortifying the camp.
Upon the night previous to the engagement three
Indians were found in the American camp. Whether they
were there as spies, or, as is more probable, for the pur-
pose of assassinating the general, is not known. They
were seized and sent back to The Prophet with a demand
of him for a negro, named Ben, who had deserted the
American army under very suspicious circumstances.
The negro had been employed as a bullock driver in the
American army. When the force approached The
Prophet's Town, he stated to his negro companions that
he was not afraid to enter the Indian town. This they
questioned, whereupon Ben started to prove his assertion.
He was met by two Indians and conducted into camp.
Some time after dark. Captain Wilson seized Ben while
he was lurking near General Harrison's tent. The negro
pleaded innocence of desertion ; he claimed that he was
forcibly taken into the Indian town, and had been re-
leased upon the return of the three Indians. He entered
the American camp unchallenged by the sentinels. But
the manner of the negro and the circumstances attending
his capture by Captain Wilson, and the fact that no one
had seen him in the camp prior to his capture, made it
very probable that he was acting in the interest of the
Indians. It was believed that he was reconnoitering in
view to point out General Harrison's tent, that he might
be assassinated. The fellow was tried on the same day of
the battle by a drum-head court-martial. A sentence of
KM TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
death was pronounced upon him. General Harrison,
though he believed him to be guilty, was so much moved by
pity that he could not find it in his heart to enforce the ver-
dict. He referred the matter to his officers, who, after
deliberation, agreed to release Ben from the death sen-
tence. This result was brought about by the influence of
Captain Snelling. The reasons for this lenity, explained
by General Harrison in a letter to General Scott of
Kentucky, do honor to his heart :
" The fact was that I began to pity him, and I could
not screw myself up to the point of giving the fatal
order. If he had been out of my sight, he would have
been executed. But when he was first taken, General
Wells and Colonel Owen, who were old Indian fighters, as
we had no irons to put on him, had secured him after the
Indian fashion. This is done by throwing a person on
his back, splitting a log and cutting notches in it to
receive the ankles, then replacing the several parts, and
compressing them together with forks driven over the
log into the ground. The arms are extended and tied to
stakes secured in the same manner. The situation of a
person thus placed is about as uneasy as can possibly be
conceived. The poor wretch thus confined lay before my
fire, his face receiving the rain that occasionally fell, and
his eyes constantly turned upon me, as if imploring
mercy. I could not withstand the appeal, and I deter-
mined to give him another chance for his life. I had all
the commissioned officers assembled, and told them that
his fate depended upon them. Some were for execut-
ing him, and I believe that a majority would have
been against him, but for the interference of the gallant
Snelhng.
"'Brave comrades,' said he, 'let us save him. The
wretch deserves to die; but as our commander, whose
INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE. IS
life was more particularly his object, is willing to spare
him, let us also forgive him. I hope, at least, that every
officer of the Fourth Kegiment will be on the side of
mercy.' Snelling prevailed ; and Ben was brought to this
place, where he was discharged."
On the morning of the 8th, General Wells, in com-
mand of a company of dragoons and mounted riflemen, re-
connoitered The Prophet's Town. They found it deserted
except by one chief, who remained because of a broken
leg. The Americans dressed his injury and allowed him
to return to his people. They told him that if the In-
dians would desert The Prophet, their past conduct would
be forgiven. Large quantities of corn and some hogs and
domestic fowls were found, which were of great use to
the army in its impoverished condition. After using such
of these as were required, the remainder and a large
number of brass kettles were destroyed, along with the
town itself.
•URNETT't CREEK AND BATTLE QROUND. FROM THE WEST.
CHAPTER YII.
%ffzci cff thz ??attXje.
1'^HE battle of Tippecanoe was the precursor of the War
of 1812. It was a great struggle, in which civilization
triumphed over barbarism. It was by far the greatest
military engagement ever fought on Indiana soil. It
effectually checked the Indian depredations in the North-
west, and had it not been for the War of 1812, this check
would have been a permanent cessation of hostilities. It
broke Tecumseh's confederation into fragments. The
calm that followed, however, was deceptive, preceding,
as it did, the storm that broke forth on the northwestern
frontier during the war which shortly followed. Tecum-
seh revisited the tribes and assisted in forming an alliance
of the British and Indians against the United States. But
the defeat of his brother at Tippecanoe forever put at rest
his dreams of a vast Indian empire. That battle, though
national in its results, has been more particularly appreci-
ated by the people of Indiana. Ko less than fifteen counties
of that State have been named in honor of heroes who par-
ticipated in that conflict.
On the 9th of November General Harrison commenced
his return march from the Tippecanoe battlefield. He
traversed the same road over which he had approached
The Prophet's Town, arriving at Fort Harrison on the 14th.
The wounded, which up to this time had been hauled
in wagons, were sent on to Yincennes by means of boats.
76
76 THE BA TTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
Captain Snelling, with his company of regulars, was left in
command at Fort Harrison, and the army continued its
return march. The volunteers from Kentucky and south-
eastern Indiana were discharged at Bosscron Creek on the
17th. The remainder of the army arrived at Yincennes
on the following day.
The following preamble and resolution was adopted
by the Territorial Legislature on the 18th of !N"ovember :
" Whereas, The services of His Excellency, Governor
Harrison, in conducting the army, the gallant defense
made by the band of heroes under his immediate command,
and the fortunate result of the battle fought with the
confederacy of the Shawnee Prophet, near Tippecanoe,
on the morning of the 7th instant, highly deserve the
congratulations of every true friend to the interests of
this Territory and the cause of humanity :
^^ Resolved^ therefore, That the members of the Legisla-
tive Council and House of Representatives will wait
upon His Excellency, Governor Harrison, as he returns to
Vincennes, and, in their own names, and in those of their
constituents, welcome him home, and that General W.
Johnston be, and he is hereby appointed, a committee to
make the same known to the governor, at the head of the
army, should unforeseen circumstances not prevent."
Governor Harrison had been governor of the Indiana
Territory since its organization, in the year 1800. He had
been appointed to this post in pursuance of the wishes of
the people of the Territory, successively, by Presidents
Adams, Jefferson and Madison. His long and vigorous
administration had created many enemies among the ter-
ritorial inhabitants. His Indian policy, though perfectly
justifiable, was the most prolific in this respect. Many
persons had opposed the expedition against the town
of Tippecanoe for humane reasons. Some of General
EFFECT OF TEE BATTLE. 77
BLarrison's personal and political enemies were inclined to
ascribe to Colonel Boyd the honor of having saved the
army from defeat on the field of Tippecanoe. The fol-
lowing address was prepared by the Legislative Council
(the higher branch of the Legislature), and afterward
adopted by the House of Representatives by a vote of
four to three. It was delivered to Governor Harrison,
December 5, 1811 :
" To His Excellency, William Henry Harrison, Governor
and Gominander-in- Chief in and over Indiana Territory :
"When, in the course of human events, it becomes
necessary for a nation to unsheath the sword in defense
of any portion of its citizens, and any individual of society
becomes intrusted with the important charge of leading
the army of his country into the field to scourge the
assailants of its rights; and it is proved by the suc-
cess of their arms, that the individual possesses superior
capacity, accompanied by integrity and other qualities of
the mind which adorn the human character in a superla-
tive degree, it has a tendency to draw out the affections
of the people in a way that must be grateful to the soldier
and the man. Such is the light, sir, in which you have
the honor to be viewed by your country, and one which
the Legislative Council and House of Representatives (of
this Territory) think you justly entitled to. And, sir,
in duly appreciating your services, we are perfectly
sensible of the great benefits and important services
rendered by the officers and soldiers of the United States
infantry under your command ; and it is with pleasure we
learn that the officers and militiamen of our country acted
with a heroism more than could be reasonably calculated
upon from men (such as they generally were) undisci-
plined and unaccustomed to war.''
7^ TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
On the 9th of December Governor Harrison sent the
following reply to the foregoing address :
" To the Legislative Council and House of Representatives :
Fellow CmzENs, — The joint address of the two
houses, which was delivered to me on the 5th instant by
your committee, was received with feelings which it is
more easy for you to conceive than for me to describe.
Be pleased to accept my sincerest thanks for the favora-
ble sentiments you have been pleased to express of my
conduct as the commander-in-chief of the expedition ; and
be assured that the good opinion of the people of Indiana
and their representatives will ever constitute no small por-
tion of my happiness. If any thing could add to my
gratitude to you, gentlemen, it is the interest you take in
the welfare of those brave fellows who fought under my
command. Your memorial in their favor to the Congress
of the United States does equal honor to the heads and
hearts of those in whose name it is sent, and is worthy of
the Legislature of the Indiana Territory."
On the 4th of December the House of Representatives
adopted the following resolutions :
^^ Resolved^ hy the House of Representatives of Indiana
Territory^ That the thanks of this body be given to
Col. John P. Boyd, the second in command, to the
officers, non-commissioned officers, and private soldiers
comprising the Fourth United States Regiment of
infantry, together with all the United States troops
under his command, for the distinguished regularity,
coolness and undaunted valor, so eminently displayed
by them in the late brilliant and glorious battle fought
with the Shawnee Prophet and his confederates on the
morning of the 7th of November, 1811, by the army under
conamand of His Excellency, William Henry Harrison.
EFFECT OF TEE BATTLE, 19
" Besolved, That the said Col. John P. Boyd be re-
quested to communicate the foregoing to the of&cers, non-
commissioned officers, and privates belonging to the said
Fourth Kegiment, and that a copy of these resolutions,
signed by the speaker of this House, be presented to the
said Colonel Boyd by a committee of this House.
^^Resol/ved^ hy the House of JRepresentatwes of the
Indiana Territory^ That the thanks of this House be pre-
sented to Col. Luke Decker and Col. Joseph Bartholomew,
the officers, non-commissioned officers, and men composing
the militia corps under their command, together with the
officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers composing
the volunteer militia corps from the State of Kentucky,
for the distinguished valor, heroism and bravery displayed
by them in the brilliant battle fought with the Shawnee
Prophet and his confederates on the morning of the 7th
of November, 1811, by the army under command of His
Excellency, William Henry Harrison."
The following reply to these resolutions was sent to
the House of Representatives by Colonel Boyd :
" United States Troops, Main Quarters,
YiNCENNEs, December 4, 1811.
" To THE Honorable, the House of KEPRESENTATrvES of
THE Indiana Territory :
Gentlemen^ — I have the honor, for myself, the offi-
cers and soldiers comprising the Fourth United States
Regiment, the rifle company attached, and the small
detachment of Posey's company, to return you thanks
foi' the distinguished notice you have been pleased to
take of our conduct in the battle with the Shawnee
Prophet and his confederates, on the morning of the 7th
of I^ovember, 1811, by your resolution of this day. If
our efforts in discharging our duties shall have resulted in
80 THE BA TTLB OF TIPPECANOE.
advancing the public good, we are gratified ; and to be-
lieve that we have merited this tribute of applause from
the assembled representatives of this very respectable
portion of our country, renders it peculiarly flattering to
our honor and pride."
Five days after the adoption of the resolutions ad-
dressed to Colonel Boyd, General Harrison sent the fol-
lowing message to the House of Eepresentatives :
" Gentlemen of the House of Bepresentati/ves : Your
speaker has transmitted to me two resolutions of your
House, expressive of your thanks to Col. John P. Boyd
and the ofiicers and soldiers of the Fourth United States
Kegiment, to Colonels Bartholomew and Decker, and the
officers and privates of the militia under their command,
also to the Kentucky volunteers, for their bravery and
good conduct in the action of the 7th ultimo. It has
excited my astonishment and deep regret to find that the
mounted riflemen of the Territory, who so eminently
distinguished themselves, and the squadron of dragoons,
whose conduct was so highly meritorious, have on this
occasion been totally neglected. I can not for a moment
suppose, gentlemen, that you have any other wish than
that of rendering impartial justice to all the corps. I can
not believe that you have the smallest tincture of that
disposition, which certainly elsewhere prevails, to disparage
the conduct of the militia, and to deprive them of their
share of the laurels which have been so dearly purchased
by the blood of some of our best and bravest citizens.
Kol I can never suppose that it was your intention to
insult the shades of Spencer, McMahan and Berry, by
treating with contempt the corps which their deaths have
contributed to immortalize; nor will I believe that a
Daveiss, a White, a Randolph and a Mahan, have been so
soon forgotten, or that the corps to which they belonged
EFFECT OF THE BATTLE. 81
and which faithfully performed its duty, was deemed
unworthy of your notice. The omission was certainly
occasioned by a mistake, but it is a mistake by which, if
not rectified, the feelings of a whole county, and part of
another, now abounding with widows and orphans, the
unhappy consequence of the late action, will be wounded
and insulted.
"The victory of the 7th ult., gentlemen, was not
gained by any one corps, but by the efforts of all ;
some of them, indeed,more particularly distinguished them-
selves, and of this number was the United States Regiment.
In my official report to the secretary of war, I have men-
tioned them in such terms of approbation, that if stronger
are to be found in the English language, I am unac-
quainted with them. But I have not given them all
the honor of the victory. To have done so, I
should have been guilty of a violence of truth, of
justice, and of a species of treason against our Republic
itself, whose peculiar and appropriate force is its militia.
With equal pride and pleasure, then, do I pronounce that,
notwithstanding the regular troops behaved as well as
men ever did, many of the militia companies were in no
wise inferior to them. Of this number were the mounted
riflemen, commanded by Captain Spencer. To them was
committed the charge of defending the right flank of the
army. That it could not have been committed to better
hands, their keeping their ground (indeed gaining upon
the enemy) for an hour and a half with unequal arms
against superior numbers, and amid a carnage that might
have made veterans tremble, is sufficient evidence. Nor
can I say that Captain Robb's company, after it was
placed by the side of Spencer's, was at all inferior
to it. It is certain that they kept their post, and their
great loss shows that it was the post of danger. The
8£ THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
dragoons also did everything that could have been expect-
ed from them in the situation in which they were placed.
Before they were mounted they certainly kept the enemy
for a considerable time from entering the camp by the left
flank; and when mounted, they remained firm at their posts,
although exposed to the fire of the enemy at the time
when they were necessarily inactive, and consequently
placed in a situation most trying to troops. The failure
of the charge made by Major Daveiss was owing to his
having employed too small a number, but even with these,
it is more than probable that he would have been success-
ful, if he had not, unfortunately, mistaken the direction in
which the principal part of the enemy lay. A successful
charge was made by a detachment of the dragoons at
the close of the action, and the enemy were driven into a
swamp, in which they could not be followed.
" You may, perhaps, gentlemen, suppose that I ought
to have given you the information necessary to your form-
ing a correct opinion of the merits of each corps. Mili-
tary etiquette, however, and the custom of our country
forbade this. It is to the Government of the United
States alone that a detailed account of an action is made.
In this communication I have given you such information
only as was necessary to enable you to correct a mistake
which I am sure was unintentional on your part. My
sense of the merits of the other corps of the army will be
known when my official account is published."
The House of Kepresentatives referred Governor Harri-
son's message to a committee, who reported the follow-
ing answer, which the House adopted, on the 17th of
December :
EFFECT OF THE BATTLE. gs
" His Excellency, William Henry Harbison, Governoe
AND Commander-in-chief of the Indiana Teeritoby :
/•SiV, — "When this House addressed that portion of the
troops to which you refer in your communication of the 9th
inst., it was not the intention of this body to cast a shade
over any portion of the troops that were under the com-
mand of your Excellency in the late engagement ; nor to
take from the commander-in-chief any of that honor
which he so nobly acquired in the late victory. In the
joint address of both houses to you, their notice of the
militia in general terms was thought sufficient, as it was
out of their power to notice every man who distinguished
himself ; therefore it was considered that any evidence of
respect paid to the commander-in-chief was an evidence of
approbation of all. It is not to be supposed that those
gentlemen, to whom it is supposed particular respect has
been paid, have done any more than their duty, or that
they distinguished themselves any more than private sol-
diers. Those gentlemen who fell, some of them did well,
and some others had not the opportunity, being killed too
early in the battle. But there is not an individual in this
body but acknowledges that it was a well-fought battle,
and that praise is due, but they generally agree that the
laurels won, principally, ought to be the property of the
commander-in-chief."
The Legislature of Kentucky passed the following
resolution, notwithstanding the gloom which overspread
the State by the untimely loss of some of her bravest and
most gallant sons :
^^ Jiesolvedy That in the late campaign against
the Indians on the Wabash, Gov. W. H. Harrison
haS; in the opinion of this Legislature, behaved like
a hero, a patriot, and a general, and that for his cool,
8Ji. THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
deliberate, skillful and gallant conduct, in the late battle
of Tippecanoe, he deserves the warmest thanks of the
nation."
The sense in which the Government regarded the
importance of this victory is expressed, very emphatically,
by President Madison in a message to Congress, Decem-
ber 18, 1811 :
" While it is deeply to be lamented that so many
valuable lives have been lost in the action which took
place on the 7th ult.. Congress will see with satisfaction
the dauntless spirit and fortitude victoriously displayed
by every description of troops engaged, as well as the
collected firmness which distinguished their commander,
on the occasion requu'ing the utmost exertion of valor and
discipline."
CHAPTER Vm.
5hje gattXefleXil.
THE field upon which the battle of Tippecanoe was
fought is located in Tippecanoe township, of Tippe-
canoe county, seven miles north of the city of
Lafayette, Ind. The land upon which the battle occurred
is situated in sections twenty-three and twenty-six, town-
ship twenty-four, range four west, and is embraced in a
tract of 200 acres entered by John Tipton, November 13y
1829. Mr. Tipton was a native of Tennessee, and enlisted
in Governor Harrison's army as an ensign at Corydon,
Ind. He was in the struggle of Tippecanoe, and after
that battle received promotion for his valiant conduct.
General Harrison buried his dead and burned logs
over their graves to conceal the spot of interment. The
Indians, however, found the place and disinterred the
fallen brave. General Hopkins visited the battlefield
the following year, gathered the scattered remains and
replaced them in their graves.
In the spring of 1830, the year following the Tipton
purchase, a large meeting of survivors of the battle and
other distinguished persons, among whom was General
Harrison, was held upon the battlefield. The bones of
the dead were collected and placed in one grave on the
tract deeded by Tipton to the State on the 25th anniver-
sary cft the battle of Tippecanoe, November 7, 1886. This
tract embraced sixteen and fifty-five hundredths acres
>vr^-.v^.'.\%. i#;^)
W'.
THE BATTLEFIELD. 87
(more or less). Shortly afterward it was inclosed by a
rail fence. This spot has been a favorite place for
holding great political gatherings. The whigs rallied
there for three days during the " Tippecanoe and Tyler "
campaign of 1840, and again in 1844, when Henry Clay
was their standard bearer. In 1856 it was the scene of
rival republican and democratic rallies. The latter was
addressed by John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky, then a
candidate of his party for the vice-presidency. The
campaign of 1888 revived the memories of Tippecanoe,
and on October 17th and 18th a large republican rally
was asrain held at the Battle Ground.
The Indiana Constitutional Convention of 1851 made
provisions for the preservation of the battlefield. Section
iO, of Article XY, of the Constitution, reads as follows :
"Tippecanoe Battle Ground. It shall be the duty
of the General Assembly to provide for the permanent
inclosure and preservation of the Tippecanoe Battle
Ground."
This act of the constitutional convention was a great
recognition of the importance of that historic field. In
compliance therewith, it was soon afterward inclosed
with a substantial board fence.
By an act of the General Assembly, approved Decem-
ber 18, 1872, the sum of $24,100 was appropriated to erect
an iron fence around this famous field. This duty de-
volved upon the governor, secretary, auditor and treas-
urer of State, who accomplished the work in elegant style,
using only about $18,000 of the amount placed at their
command. The remaining $6,000 was returned to the
State treasury.
An act of March 7, 1887, provided $3,500 for repaint-
ing the fence and necessary i^paijs. The act also appro-
priated $800 annually thereafter, which sum is used as
88
TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
salary of custodian of the grounds and for needed repair*.
The commissioners of Tippecanoe county were made the
supervisors of this work, and have expended about $2,500
of the amount appropriated. It is now proposed to
erect a building upon the grounds, to be occupied by the
custodian.
A village was founded immediately north of the bat-
tlefield, and bore the name of Harrisonville until the
construction of the Louisville, New Albany <fe Chicago
Railroad in 1863, when that place, with additions, was
incorporated as Battle Ground City, which is now the
home of about 500 souls. The place is noted in religious
circles as the camp-meeting ground for the Northwest
Indiana Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
Many religious meetings have been held there almost as
strong, numerically, as the great political assemblies for
which the site has been so noted in the past.
CHAPTER IX.
$iWjejcatx0je in 'goXitics.
AFTEE the close of Gen. William Henry Harrison's
great campaign against the capital of the confed-
eracy there followed a brief cessation of hostilities.
The renown already won by the Hero of Tippecanoe was
sufficient upon which to rest his fame, but subsequent
events multiplied his victories and magnified the honor
of his name.
His life, from boyhood to old age, represents a pano-
rama of activity, rich in civil, military and political hon-
ors. He was born in a great age (February 9, 1773),
and was merging into manhood before he departed from
the scenes of his birth (Berkeley, Charles City county,
Va.). The thrilling events of the war for indepen-
dence and the organization of the national Government
must have had a great effect upon his youthful mind, and,
no doubt, did much to mold it for the patriotic services
of his life.
His father, Benjamin Harrison, signer of the Declara-
tion of Independence, was in good circumstances, and gave
his children the benefit of a good education, which the
subject of this sketch received from the common schools
of Virginia and from Hampton Sydney College. From
this institution he graduated. In aooordauoe with the
wishes of his father, he commenced the study of medicine
und9r Dr. Benjamin Rush, of Philadelphia, who was also
89
90 THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
a signer of the Declaration of Independence. In 1791
his father died, leaving him under the guardianship
of Robert Morris, the distinguished financier of the
Revolution.
Young Harrison determined upon a change of employ-
ment, and upon the counsel of President Washington
joined the army in the Northwest. His guardian and
most of his friends objected to this,believing his constitution
not strong enough to stand the hardships of Indian warfare.
Washington got him a position as ensign in the First Regi-
ment of United States infantry, and with it he journeyed on
foot across the mountains to Pittsburg and joined the army
at Fort Washington (present site of Cincinnati) just after
its defeat upon the Miami. Young Harrison, as a reward
for meritorious conduct, was soon made a lieutenant. The
Government sent another expedition against the Indians
under the intrepid General Wayne, who, like his prede-
cessor, General St. Clair, was of revolutionary renown.
Wayne built Fort Recovery upon the old battlefield where
St. Clair had been worsted. At this place several skir-
mishes occurred, in which young Harrison participated.
The army marched from Fort Recovery to the junction of
the Auglaize and Maumee rivers, where Fort Wayne was
erected. Near this place, upon the 20th of August, 1794,
a hard-fought battle occurred. Two thousand Indian
warriors were concealed in ambush when General Wayne
came upon them. The battle was a telling victory for
civilization over barbarism ; a triumph of intelligence over
ignorance. It forced the Indians to cease their murderous
depredations. For his conduct in this campaign Lieuten-
ant Harrison was given a captaincy and the command of
Fort Washington.
Mr. Hamson was soon married to one of the daughters
of John Oleves Symmes, one of the founders of the Miami
TIPPECANOE IN POLITICS. 91
settlement, and upon a portion of whose land is now sit-
uated Cincinnati. He was a man of strictly temperate
habits. He saw the evil effects of liquor while in the
army, and -set an example of total abstinence before his
comrades. In 1791 he became a member of an abolition
society in Virginia, the object of which was to better the
condition of the slaves and secure their emancipation when
that could be accomplished by legal means.
Captain Harrison remained in command of Fort
Washington until April, 1798, when he resigned in order
to accept the secretaryship of the Northwest Territory.
In the following year he was chosen the delegate to
Congress for the Northwest Territory, and attended one
session. His labors proved to be of great value in the
development of the vast territory which he represented.
According to the law at that time the public domain
could not be sold in tracts of less than 4,000 acres.
Mr. Harrison secured the enactment of a law by which
the public land was sold in alternate sections of 640 and
320 acres ; this was not as much as he desired, but was
all that could be obtained at that time.
When the Northwest Territory was divided and the
Territories of Ohio and Indiana erected, Mr. Harrison was
appointed governor of the latter, and was subsequently re-
appointed by Presidents Jefferson and Madison. This
was before "rotation in office" came into style. In this
position he remained for twelve years, from 1801 to 1813.
In addition to this trust he was soon made governor of
the Upper Louisiana Territory, so that he ruled with the
power of a king over a vast domain. This power was
never abused. He had innumerable opportunities for
personal ^om through his official capacity, but did not
take advantage of th^n in any way. He negotiated
treaties with the Indians during his gubernatorial term
A BATTLE-SCARRED OAK.
TIPPECANOE IN POLITICS. 93
and obtained for the Government more than 60,000,000
acres of land over which civilization has since spread.
No man did more for the advancement of our territorial
development than Governor Harrison. His transactions
were perfectly clean. Dishonesty in official capacity never
entered his mind. A foreigner named Mcintosh accused
him of defrauding the Indians in the treaty at Fort
Way ne. Governor Harrison demanded that the charge be
investigated by a court of justice. The court not only
vindicated his honor but fined Mcintosh $4,000. This
money was divided by Governor Harrison — one-third was
given to the children of deceased soldiers and the remain-
der returned to Mcintosh as an act of mercy.
During his term as governor of Indiana Territory
occurred the rise and overthrow of Tecumseh's confeder-
acy, which is detailed in previous chapters.
In 1812 Governor Harrison was given ^ command in
the Kentucky militia, but was soon after mad<j commander-
in-chief of the United States Army of the Northwest.
General Harrison was besieged in Fort M?igs early in
1813 by Proctor. The assailants were compelled to raise
the siege after it had been kept up by them for eight days.
After this Harrison quartered himself at Sandusky Bay,
where he remained until after Perry's victory upon Lake
Erie. He then moved across the lake to attack Proctor
and Tecumseh, who were then in command of a motley
force of British and Indians at Fort Maiden. Tbe enemy
fled upon Harrison's approach, but were overtaken at the
river Thames, where, on the 5th of October, 1813, a deci-
sive American victory was won. The British troops were
soon surrounded. Proctor escaped on horseback. The
Indians fought bravely, but Tecumseh being shot, they
fled in confusion. This battle terminated the war in the
"West. After it, the command of General Harrison being
H THE BATTLE OF TIPPEGAKOE.
limited by the secretary of war, General Armstrong, to
the Eighth military district, he resigned and retired to his
farm at North Bend, Ohio, to engage in the peaceful pur-
suits of agriculture. Congress passed the following reso-
lution, acknowledging the invaluable services of General
Harrison : " Resolved, hy the Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives of the United States of America in Congress
assembled, That the thanks of Congress be and they are
hereby presented to Major-general William Henry Harri-
son and Isaac Shelby, late governor of Kentucky, and
through them to the officers and men of their command, for
their gallant and good conduct in defeating the combined
British and Indian forces under Major-general Proctor,
on the Thames in Upper Canada, on the fifth day of
October, 1813, capturing the British army, with
their baggage, camp equipage and artillery ; and,
that the President of the United States be requested to
cause two gold medals to be struck, emblematical of this
triumph, and presented to General Harrison and Isaac
Shelby, late governor of Kentucky."
While General Harrison was governor of Indiana Terri-
tory, he concluded thirteen treaties with various Indian
tribes. In 1814 he was appointed, along with Governor
Shelby, of Kentucky, and General Cass, to treat with the
Indians. A new and important treaty was negotiated at
Greenville, Ohio. In 1815 Mr. Harrison concluded an
important treaty with nine Indian tribes at Detroit.
In 1816 Harrison was elected by his district to fill a
vacancy in the national House of Representatives. He was
reelected to the next Congress, and in 1818 declined to
be a candidate.
In 1819 General Harrison was chosen a member of the
Ohio State Senate, in which position he remained for
two years. In 1824 he became one of the United States
TIPPECANOE IN POLITICS. 95
Senators from Ohio. In this body he served his country
HpS an able legislator for four years. In 1828 he was
appointed by President Adams minister to the United
States of Columbia, but was recalled upon the accession of
President Jackson.
When he returned home he retired to his farm at
North Bend, Ohio, and devoted his attention to agricul-
ture for about ten years. In 1836 he was the whig can-
didate for president, but was defeated by Martin Van
Buren, the democratic candidate. The National Whig
Convention assembled at Harrisburg, Pa. December 5,
1839, re-nominated General Harrison for president, along
with John Tyler, of Virginia, for vice-president. Presi-
dent Van Buren was a candidate for reelection. The
whigs during this campaign cried: "Hurrah for Tip-
pecanoe and Tyler, too ! " The fact that General
Harrison had lived in a log cabin was alluded to as a
reproach. They said he lived in a log cabin and had noth-
ing but hard cider to drink. His friends were quick to
take advantage of these remarks, and created a popular
uprising in favor of their candidate. " Hard cider "
became a party watchword. The campaign was distin-
guished for long processions, of which log cabins formed an
important feature. Harrison was elected by an over-
whelming majority. The electoral vote was : Harrison,
234 ; Van Buren, 60.
During this campaign, on the 29th, 30th and 31st days
of May, 1840, a great rally was held on the site of the
Battle Ground. It was attended by a vast concourse of
people from every section of the Union and addressed by
many able orators of the whig party. Cattle, hogs, sheep
and fowls were slaughtered in large numbers. This was
the largest political gathering held in Indiana up to that
date. Enthusiasm was at fever height, and the rallying
cry of the whigs echoed throughout the land.
S6 TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
General Harrison was inaugurated president on the
4th of March, 1841. The oath of office was administered
by Chief Justice Taney. Immediately after inauguration
President Harrison was beset by a throng of office seek-
ers, composed of political friends and supporters, whose
desires he was anxious to gratify. He therefore gave
himself up to incessant labor. The most important event
of his brief administration was the calling, on March 17th,
of an extra session of Congress to meet on the 31st of
Mav, to consider the financial condition of the countrv.
Mr. Harrison's administration was a short one, lasting but
a single month. His final illness was of eight days' dura-
tion, from which he was relieved by death upon the 4th
of April, 1841, when entering upon the sixty-ninth year
of his age. The vice-president, John Tyler, took the oath
of office as president and entered upon his duties on the
6th of the same month. Harrison's presidential term is
the shortest in the history of our Government. He was
the first man to die while pel'forming the duties of that
position. His last words were uttered when thinking he
was addressing his successor. He said : " Sir, I wish you
to understand the principles of the government. I wish
them carried out. I ask nothing more." The grief pro-
duced by this National calamity was great and profound.
The funeral took place in Washington City on the 7th of
April. Funeral ceremonies were also held in most of the
cities and towns of the Union. The 14th of May was
designated by President Tyler as one to be observed with
fasting and prayer. The remains of President Harrison
lie buried at his home, North Bend, fifteen miles west of
Cincinnati. No monument or slab marks his resting-place,
but history has built for him a more enduring monument
than massive columns of marble or stone.
CHAPTER X.
Site (^KXttpulQU 0f X888.
THE precedent established by the American people in
the early days of the Republic by the elevation of
military heroes to the presidency, has been exempli-
fied in many periods of our Nation's history. After Wash-
ington, Andrew Jackson was the next notable hero of war
to be called to the chief office in the Nation's power to
bestow. Gen. William Henry Harrison responded to the
same impulsive call, and later on, Gen. Zachary Taylor,
and the world-famed Grant met the honors of the presi-
dency. While some of these rulers were not statesmen of
the highest rank, yet their distinguishments gained on the
battlefield when the independence or preservation of the
Union was at stake, were enough to honor and glorify,
and the Nation was safe in the hands of such heroic
defenders.
The campaign of 1888 was one in which the achieve-
ments of war played no unimportant part. While the
great issues of that political contest were founded mainly
upon civil questions, the custom of honoring the soldier
was given renewed impetus by the naming of many for
political leaders who served their country on the field of
battle.
Gen. Benjamin Harrison, the presidential candidate
of the republican party in that campaign, though he per-
formed well his part in the Civil War, and won enviable
98 TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
distinction, it may be said of him that his achievements
are more extensive in civil affairs of the Government than
in military pursuits. His nomination served to revive the
memories of the campaign of 1840 and brighten the minds
of Americans in history pertaining to the life and deeds of
his illustrious grandfather. The field of Tippecanoe be-
came, indeed, the Mecca of republican politics. Its inci-
dents were reviewed in the press, and spoken from the
stump, and the campaign of " Tippecanoe and Tyler, too,"
emulated in many respects. The year was noted for its
many mammoth political gatherings and the great enthu-
siasm which prevailed. President Cleveland was the can-
didate of the democracy for reelection and Judge Allen
G. Thurman, of Ohio, was the nominee for the vice-
presidency. Hon. Levi P. Morton, of New York, was
General Harrison's running mate. Interest in the tariff
and other National issues grew more intense as the cam-
paign neared the close. The city of Indianapolis, the
home of General Harrison, presented an animated scene.
Each day visitors thronged the Harrison mansion. Many
and effective were the speeches deUvered to the numerous
delegations by their standard bearer. Harrison and Mor-
ton carried every Northern State except New Jersey and
Connecticut, and were triumphantly elected, receiving
233 electoral votes out of a total of 401.
To the honor of his ancestry General Harrison has
added much by his ability and high character. He was bom
at North Bend, Hamilton county, Ohio, in the home of his
grandfather, General William Henry Harrison, on the 20th
of August, 1833. General Benjamin Harrison is the third in
his line who has borne that name. He graduated with honor
from Miami University,Oxford,Ohio,at the age of eighteen.
He studied law with Hon. Bellamy Storer, in Cincinnati,
and in 1854 removed to Indianapolis, and began his lif«
*''-'^^;»i;ja^f<35s^::::::-"'--;:.'::';K:;::''-'''''''' '"
GENERAL BENJAMIN HARRISON*
100 THE BATTLE OF TIPPEOANOB.
work. He soon demonstrated his ability, and came into
public notice through an employment in a legislative in-
vestigation by the then democratic governor of the State,
Joseph A. Wright. His career as a lawyer from that
time has been a brilliant professional success. He is
a lawyer of preeminent qualities, and is regarded as one
of the leaders of the Indiana bar. Being an ardent repub-
lican and a speaker of the Lincoln campaign of 1860, he
was the republican candidate for reporter of the supreme
court, and was elected to that office on the ticket with
Henry S. Lane and Oliver P. Morton.
In July, 1862, President Lincoln issued a call for 300,.
000 men, and Governor Morton requested General Harrison
to assist in recruiting. Under a commission as second lieu
tenant he raised one company, was elected captain, and
then others, until the Seventieth Regiment was completed;
he was then commissioned colonel, and took his regiment
immediately into service in Kentucky and Tennessee. In
the Atlanta campaign Colonel Harrison's command wag
assigned to Ward's brigade of the Third Division of the
Twentieth Corps, and participated in the whole of that his-
toric service, its commander receiving the highest honon
as a soldier. On the 15th of June, 1864, Colonel Harri
son's regiment was assigned to lead the assault of Resaca
and most gallantly did it do its work, capturing the ene
my's lines and four guns. At Peach Tree Creek Colone
Harrison was assigned to command the brigade, and gaine<
such a signal victory as to call forth praise and commen
dation from his superior officers.
In 1864 General Harrison was reelected reporter o
the supreme court of Indiana. At the expiration of hj
term of office he returned to the practice of law, bea:
his full part, however, in all the political campaigns t.
intervened. In 1876 he declined the use of his n/une
TEE CAMPAIGN OF 1888. 101
L nominee for governor, but Mr. Orth having resigned
Tom the ticket in the midst of the campaign, the repub-
ican central committee, in deference to the universal de-
nand of the party, nominated General Harrison to the
racancy, but he was defeated by James D. "Williams.
In 1880 the republicans carried the State and the
Legislature, and in acknowledgment of the services of Gen-
eral Harrison, and his recognized leadership of the party,
16 was elected United States senator. At the expiration
)f his term as United States senator, he was confronted
vith the most remarkable odds and defeated in his con-
est for reelection by Hon. David Turpie, who received
t majority of two votes, although the republican State
;icket received a plurality of 3,500 and the aggregate
najority on their legislative candidates reached nearly
L0,000.
Harrison and Morton were inaugurated President and
^ice-President, March 4, 1889.
Gen. Benjamin Harrison is in the prime of life, and in
full vigor of both body and mind. He is a christian man
of the best type ; a citizen of notable integrity of char»
icter ; a man of clean life and reputation ; a model hus-
band and father ; indeed, an American without fear and
svithout reproach ; one in every way worthy the mantle
Df his illustrious and honored ancestor, the hero of
■*The Battle of Tippecanoe."
CHAPTER XI.
THE following are the rolls of the various companies ]
under command of Gen. William Henry Harrison \
in his campaign against the Indians in the autumn of 1811,
which terminated in the overthrow of the Confederacy
and the destruction of the Prophets' Town. The names \
were taken from the official records at Washington: -j
Holl of the General Staff of the Army covrimanded hy
General Harrison from September 6 to Novemher
William McFarland, Lt.-Col. and Adjt. ; Henry HurstJ
Maj. and A. D. C; Waller Taylor, Maj. and A. D. C.;-
Marston G. Clark, Brigade Inspector, promoted to the;
same Sept. 20 ; Robert Buntin, Jr., 2d Lt. and Forage '
Master ; Robert Buntin, Sr., Capt. and Q. M.; Nathaniel
F. Adams, Lt, and Adjt., belonged to the U. S. regular
army.
Roll of Capt. Dubois' Comjyany of Spies and Guides^ of
the Indiana Militia^ from September 18 to Novem-
ber m, 1811 :
Toussaint Dubois, Capt.;
Privates — SilasMcCulloch, G. R. C. Sullivan, William
Bruce, William Polk, Pierre Andre, Ephraim Jordan, Will-
iam Shaw, William Hogue, discharged Oct. 4 ; David Wil-
kins, John HoUingsworth, Thomas Learens, Joseph Arpin,
Abraham Decker, Samuel James, David Mills, Stewart
Cunningham, Bocker Childers, Thomas Jordan.
lot
ROLL OF COMPAmES. 103
Roll of a Detachment of the Field and Staff of Indiana
Militia from September 11 to November ^^, 1811^
under the Command of Lieut.- Col. Bartholomew:
Joseph Bartholomew, Lieut.-Col., wounded in action
Kov. Y; Regin Redman, Major; Andrew P. Hay, Sur-
geon's Mate; Joseph Brown, Adjt.; Joseph Clark, Q.
M., appointed Surgeon's Mate Oct. 29 ; Chapman Duns-
low, Sergeant-Major ; James Curry, Q. M. Sergeant.
Boll of the Field and Staff of the Fourth Regiment of
Infantry of the Indiana Militia^ under the com-
mand of Cohnel Decker^ from September 18 to
Nov. 19, 1811:
Luke Decker, Lt.-Col.; Noah Purcell, Major; Daniel
Sullivan, Lt.-Adjt.; William Ready, Sergt.-Major ;
Benj. V. Becker, Q. M.; William Gamble, Q. M. Sergt.,
appointed Q. M. Sergt. Sept. 25 and made up for pay as
Private on rolls of Captain Wilson's Company of
Infantry to Sept. 21; Edward Scull, Assistant Surgeon;
James Smith, Q. lA. promoted to Captain on Nov. 9 and
paid as such from Nov. 10 on the rolls of Captain War-
rick's Company.
Roll of the Field and Staff of Major Parkas Dragoons, of
the Indiana Militia, from, September 21 to Nov.
19, 1811 :
Joseph H. Daveiss, Major, killed in action Nov. 7 ;
Benjamin Parke, 'yiii]oY, promoted from the time; Davis
Floyd, Adjt. ; Charles Smith, Q. M. ; General W. Johns-
ton, Q. M., promoted from the ranks Oct. 30, 1811;
William Prince, Sergt.-Major.
Roll of Capt. Spier Spencer's Company of Mounted Rifle-
wen of the Indiana Militia, from September 1£ to
November 23. 1811:
Spier Spencer, Captain, killed in action Nov. 7; Rich,
ard McMahan, 1st Lieut., killed in action Nov, 7; George
m THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
F. Pope, 2d Lieut., resigned Oct. 21; Samuel Flanagan, 2d
Lieut,, promoted from Ensign to 2d Lieut.; John Tipton,
Captain, promoted from Private to Ensign; Jacob Zenoe,
2d Lieut., promoted from Private Nov. 7; Phillip Bell,
'EiXisign^ promoted from Private to Ensign, Nov. 7; Pearce
Chamberlain, Sergeant; Henry Batman, Sergeant; Elijah
Hurst, Sergeant; Benjamin Boyard, Sergeant; Robert
Biggs, Corporal, hadly wounded'^ John Taylor, Corporal;
Benjamin Shields, Corporal; William Bennington, Corpo-
ral; Daniel Cline, Musician; Isham Stroude, Musician.
Privates — John Arick, Ignatius Able, Enos Best, Al-
pheus Branham, Gadon Branham, Daniel Bell, James
Brown, Jesse Butler, Mason Carter, John Cline, Marshall
Dunken, killed in action Nov. 7; William Davis, killed in
action Nov. 7 ; Thomas Davidson, James Dyce, Henry
Enlow, William Hurst, William Hurst, Jr., Beverley Hurst,
James Harberson, James Hubbound. Robert Jones, James
Kelley, Thomas McColley, Noah Mathena, William Nance,
Thomas Owens, Samuel Pfrimer, Edward Ransdell, Sand-
ford Ransdell, James Spencer, Christover Shucks, Joshua
Shields, hadly wounded] Samuel Sand, killed in action
Nov. 7; George Spencer, Jacob Snider, Jon'n Wright,
James Wilson, John Wheeler, James Watts, Isham Vest,
George Zenoe, P. McMickle, Levi Dxxnn^ deserted \ William
Fowler, not duly mustered.
Roll of Capt. Jacob Warrick^ s Company of Infantry^ of
the Indiana Militia, from Septeinber 16 to Novemr
her 19, 1811:
Jacob Warrick, Capt., m.ortally vjounded in action;
James Smith, Capt.; William Calton, Lieut., discharged
September 27 ; James Duckworth, Ensign ; Robt. Mont-
gomery, Sergt.; Robt. McGary, Sergt.; Jeremiah Piercall,
Sergt.; Isaac Woods, Sergt.; Benj. Yenalples, CorpL;
Thomas Black, CorpL; Robert Denney, CorpL; Thomas
ROLL OF COMPANIES. 106
Montgomery., Jr, Corpl., jpromoted to Lieut. Sept. 30, in
place of W. Calton.
Privates — James Alsop, James Stewart, Jesse Key,
Bennet Key, Jesse Brewer, Richard Davis, Asa Musick,
Smith Mounce, deserted^ Oct. 15, from garrison ; James
Stapleton, Fielding Lucas, Jolin McGary, Thomas
Montgomery, discharged from garrison, Oct. 15; John
Montgomery, James Weathers, Ephraim Murphy,
Langston Drew, William Gwins, William Black, Joshua
Capps, Andrew McFaddin, Lewis Sealy, James Bohannon
deserted from burrow, Sept. 27; Daniel Duff, Squire
McFaddin, Wilson Jones, Jeremiah Robinson, Hugh
Todd, Martin Laughon, William Todd, John Gwins,
Burton Litton, George Linxwiler, Peter Whetstone, t^c^eT-^e^?
from garrison Oct. 15 ; William Stevens, Timothy Downy,
John Ooyler, Benj. Stoker, promoted to Corporal Sept.
30 ; Thomas Aldmond, Miles Armstrong, William Ald-
mond, William Younsr, Thomas Duckworth, Maxwell
Jolly, John Robb, John Neel, Randolph Clark, William
Black.
Roll of Cajpt. David RohVs Company of Mounted Rifle-
men^ of the Indiana Militia^ from October 25 to
November 19, 1811 :
David Robb, Captam ; Joseph Montgomery, Lieut. ;
John Waller, Ensign ; Elsberry Armstrong, Sergt. ;
Henry Reil, Sergt. ; John Benson, Sergt. ; William Max-
idon, Sergt. ; Ezekiel Kite, Corpl. ; George Anthees,
Corpl. ; James Robb, Corpl. , William Johnston, Corpl. ;
Bryant Harper, Trumpeter.
Privates — Abm. Decker, James Tweedle, John Za.
Orton, Armstead Bennett, William Peters, Stewart Cun-
ningham, Francis Hall, Booker Shields, William Tweedle,
John Slaven, John Suverns, James Langsdown, Thomas
Sullivan, Jesse Music, Daniel Fisher, mortally wounded
10£ TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
on Nov. 7, and died Nov. 12 ; William Allsop, Joseph
Garress, Thomas C. Yines, Edward Butner, mortally
wounded on Nov. 7, and died next day ; Saml. James,
Thomas Shouse, Frederick Reel, William Selvey, James
Bass, George Leech, Jr., David Mills, Thomas Givens,
John Black, J onah Robinson, Isaac Rogers, John Rogers,
William Carson, George Litton, David Knight, William
Downing, Thomas Jordon, transferred to Capt. Dubois*
Co., Nov. 20 ; James Banks, William Bass, James Minor,
Hugh Shaw, Peter Cartwright, David Lilley, Thomas
Garress, James Asberry, hilled in action Nov 7 ; Joseph
Tobin, Robert Wilson, John Riggs, John Christ, Theo-
dorus Davis, Thomas Parker Yanpett, John Crawford,
Kader Powell, hilled in action Nov. 7 ; Thomas Dunn,
Jacob Korter, William Askin, Jonathan Humphreys,
Alex. Mahen, hadly wounded Nov. 7 ; WilUam Wither-
holt, Moses Sandridge, David Edwards, John Dragoo,
Saml. Hamilton, Robert Tennesson, Richard Potts, Jo-
seph Wright, George Robinson, hadly wounded Nov. 7;
Thomas West.
Roll of Capt. Norris* Company of Infantry of the IndioAxa
Militia^ from, September 11 to November ^^, 1811:
John Norris, Captain, wounded in action Nov. 7; John
Harrod, Lieut. ; Joseph Carr, Ensign ; George Drum-
mond. Sergeant; William Coombs, Sergeant; Bazil
Prather, Sergeant ; David Smith, Sergeant ; Henry Ward,
Corporal ; John Harman, Corporal ; Joel Combs, Corporal ;
Robert Hombs, Corporal ; David Kelly, Corporal, ap-
pointed Corporal Sept. 30 ; Elisha Carr, Drummer ; Joseph
Perry, Fifer.
Privates — Robert McNight, William Stacey, Gasper
Loots, Samuel Duke, Edward Norris, James Shipman,
Henry Cusamore, Peter Sherwood, C. Fipps, George
Ditsler, John Gray, John Kelly, Jacob Daily, David
ROLL OF COMPANIES. 167
Cross, Thomas Clendennan, kUled in action Nov, 7;
Robert Cunningham, Abraham Kelley, substituted in
place of Samuel Walker and killed Nov. 7 ; Henry
Jones, killed in action Nov. 7; James Curry, Samuel
McClung, Q. M. Sergt., Sept. 27; James Smith, John
Perry, Jeris Fordyce, Benoni Wood, James Kelly, Cor-
nelius Kelly, Amos Goodwin, E. Way man, William
Harman, John Newland, John Tilferro, Micajah Peyton.
Loyd Prather, Adam Peck, Samuel McClintick, Benj,
Thompson, John Weathers, William Eakin, Evan Arnold,
John D. Jacob, Hugh Espy, Robert Tippin, Townly
Ruby, John McClintick, William Rayson, William Aston,
Reubin Slead, Josiah Taylor, George Hooke, Daniel Mc-
Coy, Jacob Pearsall, Henry Hooke, Samuel Neal, Thomas
Highfill, Robert McClellan, James Taylor.
Moll of Cajpt. William Hargrove^ s Company of Infantry^ of
the Indiana^ Militia^from Septemher 18 to November
19, 1811:
William Hargrove, Capt. ; Isaac Montgomery, Lieut. ;
Cary Ashley, Ensign, resigned in October 1811 ; Henry
Hopkins, Ensign, promoted to Sergeant Oct. 27, 1811 ;
Bolden Conner, Sergt. ; James Evens, Sergt. ; Daniel
Millar, Sergt., promoted from Corpl., Oct. 27, 1811 ;
William Scales, Sergt., promoted from Private Oct. 27-
1811 ; David Johnson, Corporal ; Paten Whealer, Cor-
poral ; William Taylor, Corporal ; David Brumfield,
Corporal, prom^oted in Oct. 1811 ;
Privates — Samuel Anderson, John Braselton, Jer.
Harrison, John Fleanor, Joseph Ladd, Pinkney Ander-
son, Thomas Archer, William Archer, James Lenn,
Charles Collins, Joshua Day, deserted Oct. 2, 1811;
Charles Penelton, deserted Oct. 16, 1811 ; William Person,
John Mills, Robert Milborn, Jon'n. Cochran, John Lout,
Nathan. Woodrough, James Young, John Tucker, Arthur
108 THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
Meeks, deserted Oct. 12, 1811; John Conner, Reuben
Fitzgerald, wounded slightly Nov. 7; Zaciiary Skelton,
Jacob SkeUon, Bv3nj. Scales, William Gordon, Laben
Putman, Reding Putman, John Many, Johnson Fitz-
gerald, Thomas Arnett, James Skelton, Elias Barker,
Saml. Whealor, Robert Whealor, William Mangorn,
Coonrod Lancaster, deserted Oct. 2 ; James McClure,
Haz. Putman, Benj. Cannon, Joshua Stapleton,
William Skelton, William Harrington, Randolph Owens,
Isaac Twedle, James Crow, Richard M. Kirk, George
Coningham, James Skidmore, Joseph Mixson, Samuel
Gasten, Edward Whitacor, Charles Meeks, reduced from
Corpl. Oct. 26 ; Robert Skelton, hadly wounded Nov. 7 ;
David Lawrence, discharged Sept. 19 ; Joseph Inglish,
discharged Sept. 19 ; Robt. Montgomery, discharged Sept.
19 ; Cabreen Merry, discharged Sept. 19.
Roll of Capt. Thomas Scotfs Company of Infantry^ of
the Indiana Militia^ from, September 18 to Novemher
19, 1811:
Thomas Scott, Capt.; Jon'n. Purcell, Lieut.; John
Scott, Ensign; John Welton, Ensign; Francis Mallet,
Ensign; Lanty Johnston, Ensign; Samuel Roquest,
Ensign; John Moore, Corpl.; Abm. Westfall, Corpl.;
Eliok C. Dushane, Corpl.; Charles Bono, Corpl.
Privates — Jesse Willas, James McDonald, Jon'n.
Horn back, Alpheus Pickard, John McCoy, Zebulon
Hogue, Andrew Westfall, William Watson, Walter Neil,
William A. Clark, William Welton, Henry Lain, Abra-
ham Wood, hilled Nov. 7; John Collins, William Wil-
liams, Saml. Risley, William Collins, Charles Fisher,
Robert Johnston, Absolom Thorn, William Penny, Wil-
liam Young, William Jones, John Collins, Jr., William
Bailey, Charles Mail, Richard Westrope, Thomas McClain,
Joseph Ridley, Henry O'Niel, Joseph Alton, Baptist
ROLL OF COMPANIES. 109
Topah, Antoine Gerome, Mitchel Kusherville, Charles
Dud ware, John Baptist Bono, Joseph Bush by, Henry
Merceara, Augusta Lature, Louis Abair, Charles Sou-
driett, Ambrose Dashney, Francis Berbo, Francis Bonah,
killed Nov. 7; Semo Bolonga, died Nov. 18; Louis Lovel-
lett, Francis Boryean, John Mominny, discharged Oct. 8;
Pierre Delurya, Sr., Pierre Delurya, Jr., Joseph Besam,
Louis Boyeara, Dominic Pashy, Antoine Cornia, Antoine
Ravellett, John Baptist Cardinal, Jack Obah, killed Nov.
7 ; Toussaint Deno, Joseph Reno, Eustace Sevanne, Nich-
olas Velmare, Joseph Sansusee, Francis Arpah, Antoine
Shennett, Madan Cardinal, Louis Lowj^a.
Boll of Capt. Walter Wilson'' s Company of Infantry^ of
Indiana Militia^ from September 18 to November
18, 1811:
"Walter Wilson, Captain ; Benjamin Beckes, Lieut.,
appointed Q. M. Nov. 18; Joseph Macomb, Ensign;
Thomas I. Withers, Sergeant ; Thomas White, Sergeant ;
Isaac Minor, Sergeant ; John Decker, Sergeant ; Daniel
Risley, Corporal ; William Shuck, Corporal ; John Grey,
Corporal ; Peter Brinton, Corporal.
Privates — William Gamble, William Brinton, Batest
Chavalar, Asa Thorn, Thomas Chambers, Joseph Har-
bour, Adam Harness, James Jordon, John Chambers,
John Anthis, Lewis Frederick, Lewis Reel, died October
13; Richard Greentree, Samuel Clutter, Jacob Anthis,
James Walker, Nathan Baker, John Barjor, Sinceky
Almy , Peter Bargor, Moses Decker, Joseph Voodry, Wool-
sey Pride, Robert Brinton, deserted Oct. 24; Abraham Pea,
Thomas Milbourne, deserted Oct. 24 ; William Pride, Ben-
jamin Walker, Jacob Harbonson, deserted Oct. 24 ; Sutton
Coleman, deserted Oct. 24 ; JoabChappel, Robert McClure,
John Risley, deserted Oct. 24; Jon'n. Walker, deserted
Oct. 24 ; Isaac Walker, David Knight, James PuroelL
no TBE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
Roll of Capt. Andrew Wilkin^ s Company of Infantry, of
the Indiana Militia, fi'om Septemher 18 to Novem-
her 18, 1811:
Andrew Wilkins, Captain; Adam Lisman, Lieut.;
Samuel McClure, Ensign; John Hadden, Sergeant;
Thomas Black, Sergeant ; Samuel Leman, Sergeant ;
Charles Booth, Sergeant ; Daniel Carlin, Corporal ; John
Edwards, Corporal ; Richard Engle, Corporal ; Abraham
Bogard, Corporal.
Privates — John Johnston, John Mills, Abraham John-
ston, James Mitchel, Robert Murphy, Jesse Cox, William
Ashby, Loud wick Earnest, Ed ward Wilks, Rubin Moore,
Thomas Anderson, Samuel Middleton, James Calleway,
James Tims, Isaac Luzader, Samuel Carruthers, Asa Mc-
Cord, Nathaniel Adams, Robert Lilley, John Elliot, Wil-
liam Hollings worth, William Francis, Obediah F. Patrick,
Afon Quick, John Murphy, Ebenezer Blackston, James
Horrel, Samuel Culbertson, John Davis, Christopher Cole-
man, Robert Elsey, Henry Matny, Robert Bratton, Wil-
liam Flint, John Rodarmel, John Culbertson, Joseph
Hobbs, Albert Davis, Thomas Horrel, discharged Sept.
26; Joseph Edwards, William Hill, appointed Corporal
Oct. 18 ; John Engle, Henry Collins, John Meek, Thomas
Johnston, Madison Collins, William Black, Luke Matson,
John Harden, Edward Bowls, Robert Polk, Charles Elli-
son, George Gill, James Grayham, Joseph McRonnels,
Jon'n Purcell, George Bright, Peter Lisman, William
Arnet, Samuel Ledgerwood, Martin Palmore.
Roll of a Company of Riflemen, of the Indiana Militia,
Com^manded hy Capt. Jas. Bigger from Septernber
11 to November 21^, 1811 :
James Bigger, Capt.; John T. Chunn, Lieut.; Joseph
Still well. Ensign ; John Drummons, Sergt., wounded on
Nov. 10 ; Isaac Nailor, Ser^.; Rioe G. McCoy, Sergt.;
POLL OF COMPANIES, 111
Thomas Nicholas, discharged Oct. 16 ; Josiah Thomas,
promoted to Sergt. Oct. 6 ; James B. McCullough, CorpL;
Jonathan Heartley, CorpL; Thomas Chappie, CorpL;
David Bigger, CorpL; John Owens, Drummer; Jacob L.
Stillwell, Fifer.
Privates — James Robertson, Joseph Warnick, killed
in action Nov. 7 ; John Hutcherson, Daniel Peyton, Dan-
iel Williams, James Garner, Amos Little, Hezekiah Rob-
ertson, Joseph Daniel, John Denney, James King, John
Gibson, Jr., John Walker, Daniel Pettitt, John Carr,
William Nailor, Yinyard Pound, Andrew Holland, John
Heartley, Daniel Kimberlain, Samuel Stockwell, David
Owens, Jr., Robert Robertson, Jr., deserted Sept. 25 ;
Absalom Carr, Thomas Gibson, wounded Nov. 7 ; James
Robertson, Jr., James Anderson, William Tissler, killed m
action Nov. 7 ; William Hutto, Thomas Burnett, Charles
Mathews, John Covert, William Wright, John Finley, John
Martin, Isaac Stark, John Kelley, Wilson Sargent, David
Copple, William G. Gubrick, James Elliot, John Agins,
Moses Stark, John Reed, George Reed, Benj. Pool, James
McDonald, Isaac D. Huffman, Alex. Montgomery, Wil-
liam Hooker, deserted Oct. 14 ; Leonard Houston, wounded
Nov. 7 ; James Mooney, Tobias Miller, Lucius Kibby,
John Gibson, Sr.
Roll of Lieut. Berry's Detachment of Mounted Riflemen^
of the Indiana Militia,, from September 12 to
November 23, 1811 :
Thomas Berry, Lieut.; killed in action, Nov. 7; Zaoh-
ariah Linley, Sergeant, badly wounded.
Peivates — John Briere, not regularly mustered ; John
Beck, Frederick Carnes, John Dougherty, Thomas Elliott,
Griffith Edwards, Joseph Edwards Peter Hanks, mortally
wounded Nov. 7; David Hederick, Henry Hickey, killed
Nov. 7, 1811; Caleb Harrison, Anthony Taylor, Williftxn
n» THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
Lee, Jacob Lutes, Daniel McMickle, HZZeo? Nov. 7; Henry
Moore, Peter McMickle, hadly wounded ; George Mahon,
Frederick Wyman, Samuel Lockhart.
Moll of Cajpt. Benjamin Parke's Troop of Light Dragoons,
of the Indiana Militia, from September 18 to
November 19, 1811 :
Benjamin Parke, Cdi^toin, promoted to the rank of
Major ; Thomas Emerson, Lieut. ; George Wallace, Jr.,
Lieut. ; John Bathis, Cornet ; Christian Grater, Sergt. ;
William Harper, Sergt. ; Henry Rubbe, Sergt. ; John
McClure, Sergt. ; William H. Dunnica, Corpl. ; Charles
Allen, Corpl. ; Reuben Sallinger, Corpl. ; Levi Elliot,
Corpl. ; John Braden, Sadler.
Privates — Charles Smith, Peter Jones, Joshua Bond,
Permena Becks, William Prince, Jesse Slawson, Touissant
Dubois, Jr., Thomas Randolph, John McDonald, Miles
Dolahan, John Dolahan, John Elliot, Mathias Rose, Jr.,
Henry Dubois, Jesse Lucas, William Berry, William
Parcell, John Crosby, Leonard Crosby, William Mehan,
killed in action Nov. T ; Samuel Drake, Saml. Emerson,
Saml. Alton, never joined ; Nathan Harness, Daniel
Decker, John Seaton, never joined; Howson Seaton,
John Flint, never joined; John D. Hay, Heram Decker,
Ebenezer Hilton, John I. Neely, John McBain, appointed
Trumpeter Sept. 29 ; Pierre Lap tan te, James Steen,
Andrew Purcell, John Pea, Albert Badolett, Josiah L.
Holmes, William W. Holmes, Thomas Coulter, Charles
McClure, Jacque Andre, Thomas McClure, John Bruce,
never joined; Thomas Palmer, General W. Johnston,
William A. McClure, Clanton Steen, never joined; James
McClure, Archd. McClure, James Neal, John Wyant,
Charles Scott, James S. Petty, Isaac White, killed Novem-
ber 7; John McClure, Henry I. Mills, Robert M. Evans,
never joined; James Mud, George Croghiin, Abner Hynes,
ROLL OF COMPANIES. IIS
Benj. Sanders, James Nabb, John O'Fallen, William
Luckett, Landon Carter, Robert Buntin, Jr., John I. Smith,
Robert Sturgen, James Harper.
HoU of a Company of Light Dragoons^ of the Indicuna
Militia^ Commanded hy CajpL Chas. Beggsfrom Sept.
11 to Nov. 23, 1811:
Charles Beggs, Captain ; John Thompson, Lieut., pro-
moted Lieut. Sept. 18 ; Henry Bottorf, Lieut., promoted
Lieut. Sept. 18; Mordecai Sweeney, Cornet, promoted
Lieut Sept. 18; Davis Floyd, ^qy^., promoted Adjutant
Sept. 20 ; John Carr, Sergt., appointed Sergt., Oct. 24 ;
James Sage, Sergt.; James Fisler, Sergt.; Abraham Mil-
ler, Sergt.; George Rider, Corpl.; Sion Prather, Corpl.;
Hugh Ross, Corpl.; Samuel Bottorff, Corpl.; John Deats,
Trumpeter.
Privates — Jacob Cressmore, William Kelley, killed
in action Nov. 7 ; William Lewis, not regularly mustered;
James Ellison, Timothy R. Rayment, John Cowan, Jon'n
Gibbons, William Perry, Edward Perry, John Goodwin,
James Hay, John Newland, George Twilley, Milo Davis,
Marston G. Clark, promoted Brigade Major Sept. 20 ;
Saml. Carr, Jos. McCormack, Richard Ward, John Farris,
Charles F. Ross, John Thorn pson,^<??7?,o^c? Lieut. Sept. 18.
Roll of the Field and Staff of Major Samuel Wells' Corps
of Mounted Riflemen from Oct. 16 to Nov. 2J^, 1811:
Samuel Wells, Major; James Hunter, Adjt.
Roll of Captain Peter FunTcs* Company of Kentucky
Mounted Militia from Sept. IJf, to Nov. £3, 1811:
Peter Funks, Captain; Lewis Hite, Lieut.; Samuel
Kelly, Cornet; Adam D. Mills, Sergt.; James Martin,
Sergt.; Henry Canning, Sergt.; Lee White, Sergt., ap-
pointed ^Qvgi. Sept. 24; Elliott Wilson, Corporal, ajpjpoiw^g^
Corporal Oct. 16; William Cooper, Trumpeter, appointed
Trumpeter September 16; Samuel Frederick, Farrier.
m THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
Privates — Thomas Stafford, "William Shaw, trans-
ferred to the Spies Sept. 23; William Ferguson, James
Hite, John Shaw, Joseph Kennison, John Smith, Moses
Williamson, William M. Luckett, transferred to Parke's
Co. Sept. 23; John Murphy, James Muckleroy, Enos
Mackey, John Edlin, Samuel Wells, William Duberley,
Isaac HoUingsworth, Samuel N. Lickett, left the Com-
pany to join Parke's Company Sept. 23; Benmmin W.
Gath, Thomas P. Mayors, William F. Tully.
Roll of Frederick Guiger'^s Gom.jpany of Mounted R^jtemen^
of the Kentucky Militia^ from October ^3 to Novem-
herl8, 1811:
Frederick Guiger, Captain, wounded slightly^ Nov 7;
Presley Ross, Lieut.; William Edwards, Ensign;
Robert Macintire, Sergeant, wounded Nov. 7 ; Robert
Edwards, Sergeant; Daniel Macclellon, Sergeant ; John
Jackson, Sergeant ; Stephen Mars, Corporal, killed in
action, Nov. 7; John Hikes, Corporal; John Nash, Cor-
poral ; Henry Waltz, Corporal; Joseph Paxton, Trumpeter.
Privates — Martin Adams, Phillip Allen, Thomas
Beeler, William Brown, James Ballard, Thomas Calliway,
John Dunbar, James M. Edwards, Richard Findley,
Joseph Funk, John Grimes, Isaac R. Gwathney, Henry
Hawkins, James Hanks, John Lock, Elijah Lane, Hudson
Martin, Samuel Pound, Jonathan Pounds, Peter Preast,
John W. Slaughter, James Summerville, killed Nov. 7;
Edmond Ship, Thomas Trigg, Samuel W. White,
William Trigg, George W. Wells, Springor Augustus,
Charles L. Byrn, Joseph Barkshire, John Buskirk,
Adam Burkett, Charles Barkshire, Robert Bamaba,
Temple C. Byrn, Zach. Ingram, Patrick Shields,
Joseph Smith, killed Nov. 7; Thomas Speeks, Wilson
Taylor, Greenbury Wright, George Beck, William
Cline, Nicholas Fleener, Joshua Jest, Daniel Minor, John
ROLL OF COMP t ^^TKS. nS
Maxwell, John Owsley, killed j^fov. 7; Michael Plaster,
Josh. Maxwell, Abm. Walk.
Roll of the Field and Staff of the Fmirth Begiment of
Infantry for N'ovemher and December, 1811 :
John P. Boyd, Colonel; Zebulen M. Pike, Lt. Colonel;
James Miller, Lt. Colonel ; G. R. C. Floyd, Major ; Josiah
D. Foster, Surgeon ; Hosea Blood, Surges Mate ; John L.
Eastman, A. Adjt.; Josiah Bacon, Q. M.; Kathl. F.
Adams, Pay Master ; Winthrop Ager, S. Major ; William
Kelly, Q. M. Sergt.
Roll of a Company of Infantry under command of Cajpt.
Josiah Snelling, of the Fourth Regiment, Com-
manded hy Col. John P. Boyd, from August 31
to October 31, 1811:
Josiah Snelling, Captain; Charles Fuller, 1st Lieut.;
John Smith, 2d Lieut.; Richard Fillebrown, Sergeant;
Jacob D. Rand, Sergeant; Daniel Baldwin, Sergeant;
Ephraim Churchell, Sergeant; John Shays, Coi-poral;
Timothy Hartt, Corporal; Samuel Horden, Corporal; Benja-
min Moores, Corporal; Amos G. Corey, Musician; Nathan-
iel P. Thurston, Musician; John Mills, Musician.
Privates — John Austin, Cyrus J. Brown, James Brice,
Michael Burns, John Brewer, George Blandin, Cephas
Chase, Jacob Collins, William Clough, Thomas Day, Wil-
liam Dole, John Davis, Abraham Dutcher, Phillip
Eastman, Saumel French, Rufus Goodenough, Alanson
Hathaway, William Healey, William Jackman, Henry
Judewine, Abraham Larrabee, Asa Larrabee, Gideon Lin-
coln, Edward Magary, Serafino Massi, Luigi Massi, Vin-
cent Massi, James McDonald, Samuel Pritchett, James
Sheldon, Samuel Porter, James Palmer, Joseph Pettingall,
William B. Perkins, Samuel Pixle}^, Jonathan Robinson,
died Oct. 6; Greenlief Sewey, Elias Soper, Westley Store,
Seth Sargeant, John Trasher, PhilUp Trasher, Joseph Tib-
116 TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
betts, killed in action Nov. 7; David Wyer, Mark Whaliiw,
John Whitely, John P. Webb, Giles Wilcox, Thomas
Blake, died Oct. 11; Daniel Haskell, deserted Sept. 25,
Moll of a Comjpany of Infantry under command of Capt,
George W. Prescott^ of the Fourth Regiment^ Com-
manded hy Col. John P. Boydy from October SI A
December 31, 1811 .
George W. Prescott, Captain ; Ebenezer Wa}', 1st
Lieut. ; Benjamin Hill, 1st Lieut. ; John Miller, Sergeant ;
William Huggins, Sergeant ; Aaron Tucker, Sergeant ;
Robert Sandborn, Corporal; Ephraim D. Dockhani
Corporal ; John Silver, Corporal ; Samuel Fowler, Corpo-
ral; Moses Blanchard, Musician; John Eoss, Musician.
Privates — John Ashton, Ira Bailey, George Bailey.
Abel Brown, Benjamin Burnham, Enoch Carter, Almerin
Clark, Stephen Clay, Nathan Colby, Jonathan Colby,
John Corser, William Corser, James Cobby, .Abraham
Folsom, John Forriest, Thomas Glines, Henry Godfrey,
John Gorrell, Levi Griffin, Peter Griffin, John Green,
Edmund Heard, Benjamin Hudson, Jonathan Herrick,
Amos Ingulls, David Ingulls, William Kelley, William
Knapp, Stephen Knight, Peter Ladd, Aaron Ladd, Sam-
uel Ladd, Johnson Lovering, Moses Mason, James Mer
rill, John Norman, Ezra C. Peterson, Lemuel Parker,
John Sandborn, mortally wounded Nov. 7, and died Nov.
9 ; Barnard Shields, Nathaniel Simpson, Luther Stephen-
son, Willian Sharpless, Israel Tilton, John Virgin, Oliver
Wakefield, Silas Wells, Isaac Wescott, Jonathan Willey,
James Williams.
Roll of Capt. BaerCs Company of Infa/ntry, under com-
mand of First Lieut. Charles Larrahee, in the
Fourth Regiment, commanded hy Col. John P.
Boyd, from Oct. 31 to Dec. 31, 1811:
William C. Baen, Captain, mortaUy wounded in action
ROLL OF COMPANIES. Ill
Nov. 7, and died Nov. 9 ; Charles Larrabee, 1st Lieut.;
Lewis Beckham, 2d Lieut.; James Tracy, 1st Sergt.; Ber-
nard A. T. Cormons, 2d Sergt.; "William Stoney,3d Sergt.;
Simeon Cruml, 1st Corpl.; Edward Allen, 2dCorpl.; Amos
G. Carey, Musician; John Mills, Musician; Zebolon
Sanders, Musician.
Privates — George Bentely, died Dec. 16, at Fort Knox;
Darius Ballow, Augustus Ballow, William Button, Jere-
miah Boner, Ebenezer Collins, John Donihue, Sylvester
Dean, Daniel Delong, Daniel Doyers, John Davis, Dexter
Earll, mortally wounded in action Nov. 7 ; Timothy Fos-
ter, Brian Flanigan, Russel Freeman, Andrew Griffin,
John Glover, Samuel Gunison, Samuel Hawkins, Peter
Harvey, John D. Hall, John Jones, Titus Knapp, Wether-
all Leonard, John T. Mohonnah, John Miller, Nathan
Mitchell, Francis Nelson, Smith Nanthrup, Benjamin S.
Peck, James Pinel, Isaac Rathbone, Daniel Rodman, Ben-
jamin Yandeford, Nathaniel Wetherall, James Whipple,
William Williams, Job Winslow.
Roll of a Co7npany of Infantry, tender Command of
Cajpt. Joel Coo\ in the Fourth Regiment, Com-
inanded hy Col. John P. Boyd, from Oct. 31 to
Dec. 31, 1811 :
Joel Cook, Capt.; Josiah Bacon, 2nd Lieut.; James A.
Bennett, Sergt.; Daniel Shelton, Sergt.; Caleb Betts, Sergt.;
Harvey Munn, Sergt.; Nathaniel Heaton, Corpl.; John
Anthony, Corpl.; David B. Kipley, Corpl.; Abijah Bradley,
Musician ; Samuel Thompson, Musician.
Privates — William Bird, Alexander Brown, Gurden
Beckwith, Greorge Brasbridge, William Barnett, Alfred
Cobourne, Denison Crumby, died of his wounds Dec.
28 ; Eliakim Culrer, Bobert Coles, Charles Coger, d/ied'
of his wcTinds Dec. 3 ; William Foreman, Joseph Fran-
cis, Ezra Fox, Levi Gleason, Benjamin Holland, Eoswell
118 TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
Heminway, Timothy Hill, John Hutchinson, Michael
Houck, Abraham Johnson, David Knickerbocker, George
Kilbourn, Daniel Lee, died of his wounds on the battle-field,
Nov. 8 ; William Moore, William Neville, James Penkitt,
Michael Pendegrass, Elisha Persons, James Parker, John
Pinkley, Daniel Kogers, Amos Royce, died of his wounds
on the battle ground Nov. 8; RobertRiley, Nathan Snow,
died of his wounds Nov. 14 ; Daniel Spencer, Everett
Shelton, "Wm. M. Sanderson, Samuel Smith, John St.
Clair, Robert Thompson, Anson Twitchell, John Williams,
Jonathan Wallingford, Jesse Elam.
Moll of a Company of Infantry^ under command of Capt.
Return B. Brown, of the Fourth Regiment Com-
moMdedhy Col. John P. Boy d^ from Oct. 31 to Dec.
31,1811:
Return B. Brown, Captain; Oliver G. Burton,
1st Lieut. ; John Smith, 2d Lieut. ; Ebnezer Moweer,
Sergeant; David Robinson, Sergeant; Levi Jenison, Ser-
geant; Daniel Reed, Sergeant; Ephraim Sillaway, Cor-
poral ; Joel Kimball, Corporal ; Wm. D. Ausment, Cor-
poral; Samuel S. Bingham, Drummer; Henry Hayden,
Fifer.
Privates — Lewis Bemis, Bazalul Bradford, Elias Bar
rett, Augustus Bradford, Benjamin Bartlett, Eli Boyd,
Henry Breck, Zalmon Blood, Caleb Cotton, Wm. W. Mc-
Connell, Comadovas D. Cass, Rowland Edwards, Joseph
Flood, Joseph Follet, Ebenezer P. Field, Harvey Geer,
Peter Greeney, Walter T. Hitt, Samuel Hillard, Moody
B. Lovell, Bliss Lovell, John Morgan, Wm. Murgettroyd,
David H. Miller, Obediah Morton, Mosee Pierce, Jacob
Prouty, James Roberts, Mayhew Rollings, Jared Smith,
Peter E. Stiles, Devid Tuthill, David Welbi, Josiah Wil-
lard, John Teomans, hiHed m battle.
EOLL OF COMPANIES. 119
RoU of Capt. Robert C. Barton? 8 Compcmy^ of John P.
BoycVs Fourth Regiment of United States Volun-
teers^ for November and December^ 1811 :
Robert C. Barton, Captain ; Abraham Hawkins, 2d
Lieut.; Oringe Pooler, Sergeant; Marshall S. Durkee,
Sergeant; Horace Humphrey, Corporal ; John Mo With}',
Corporal; William Turner, Cov\)OV2i\, promoted to Coporal
Nov. 1, and wounded in action ; Daniel Kellogg, Drummer.
Privates. — John Andrickson, Jesse S. Clark, Philip
Coats, Robert Douglass, wounded in action Nov. 7 ; Will-
iam Foster, wounded in action Nov. 7 ; Ichabod Farrar,
John D. Jones, David Kerns, mortally wounded in action
Nov. 7, died Nov. 8; Isaac Little, Timothy McCoon,
John McArthur, Joseph Poland, Silas Perry, William
Stephenson, Samuel Souther, wounded 'wid^oXAOXi ; Rowland
Sparrowk, Lewis Taylor, mortally wounded in action
Nov. 7, and died Nov. 8; Leman E. Welch, mortally
wounded in action Nov. 7, and died Nov. 8 ; George Wil-
son, Henry Bates, Thomas Clark.
Roll of a Company of Infantry {the Late Capt. Went-
worth) command of Lieut. Charles Fuller, of the
Fourth Regiment, Commanded by Col. John P.
Boyd from Oct. 31 to December 31, 1811:
Paul Went worth, Capt., resigned Oct. 29 ; Nathaniel
F. Adams, 1st Lieut, and Pay Master ; Charles Fuller,
1st Lieut.; John L. Eastman, 1st Lieut.; George P. Peters
2nd Lieut.; Isaac Ricker, Sergt.; David H. Lewis, Sergt
James Pike, Sergt.; Jedediah Went worth, Corporal
Henry Moore, Corporal ; Solomon Johnson, Corporal
Henry Tucker, Corporal ; Nathan Brown, Musician ; Joel
Durell, Musician.
Psiv^TEB — William Andrew, John Adama, William
Brown, William Bowles, John Btmis, Joseph Bmdiist,
mortally wounded, Ndv. 7 ; Samuel Cook, Caleb Oritohftt,
1$0 THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
Ivory Oourson, Samuel Coffin, Elisha Dyer, Jeremiah
Emerson, Jonathan Elkins, Noah Turnald, Joseph
Farrow, Robert Gordon, John S. Gordon, William Griggs,
Solomon Heartford, John Hurd, William Ham, Jonathan
W. Ham, Stephen Hawkins, Stephen Harris, Nathaniel
Harris, Joseph Hunt, James Heath, David Heath, Amos
Jones, Samuel King, William King, killed in action Nov.
7; Jacob Keyser, Asa Knight, Joseph Layman, William
Layman, Joseph Mears, James McDuffee, Robert Mcln-
tash, confined at Fort Knox under sentence of a general
court martial ; Jerry Maulthrop, Isaac M. Nute, wounded
Nov. 7, and died next day; Jacob Nute, Jonathan Nute,
Henry Nutter, Richard Perry, William Perkins, Jacob
Peavey, Curtis Pipps, John Rowell, John Rice, Stephen
Ricker, John M. Rollins, Stanton Srailie, Isaac Tuttle,
John S. Watson, Ichabod Wentworth, Robert White-
house, Enoch Worthen, John Welch, Silas Whood, Charles
Wait, Timothy Waldron, Zadoc Williams, Philip Allen.
Roll of a Company of Infantry {the LaU Capt. Welche's),
under command of Lieut. 0, G. Burton^ of the
Fourth Regiment, commanded hy Col. Jno. P. Boyd
from October 31 to December 31, 1811:
O. G. Burton, First Lieut.; George Gooding, 2d
Lieut.; Montgomery Orr, Sergt.; Knewland Carrier, Sergt.;
Major Mantor, Sergt., promoted to the rank of Sergeant,
Nov. 1; James Mitchell, CorpL, killed in battle, Nov. 7;
Daniel L. Thomson, Corpl,; John Rice, CorpL; Lucius
Sallis, CorpL; William Demon, CorpL; Ellas Prentice,
Musician.
Privates — Leonard Arp, Noyee Billings, Amos Blanoh-
ard, Calib Barton, Levi Cary, kiUed in battle, Nov. 7;
Jonathan CreWeU, di&d Nov. d; Zenos Clark, Daniel Gil-
man, died Nov. 17; Issachar Green, Thomas Harvey,
WiUiatn King, Samuel Pettis, William Pomaroy, Joseph
ROLL OF COMPANIES. IMl
Russel, James Stephenson, died with wounds Dec. 6;
John Spragen, William Sargeants, Samuel B. Spalding,
Morten Thayer, Samuel Tibbets, John Yickery, Alexander
Bowen.
Roll of the Late Cwpt. Whitney* s Corrvpany of Riflemen^
under command of Lieut. A. Hawkins^ of the Ri-fle
Regim^nty commanded by Col. Alexcmder Smythe^
frmn October 31 to December 31, 1811:
Pretemon Wright, Sergt.; Reuben Newton, Sergt.
Aaron W. For bush, Sergt.; James Phillips, Sergt.; Henry
Barker, Corporal; Aaron Mellen, Corporal; William
Hunter, Corporal ; Henry Burchsted, Ensign ; Adam
Walker, Musician.
Privates — Ebenezer T. Andrews, Otis Andrews, John
Arerin, William Brigham, died in hospital Dec. 4 ;
Stephen Brown, William Brown, Samuel Briggs, Robert
Cutter, Jonas Dulton, Reuben Durant, Francis Ellis,
Thomas Hair, James Haskell, died at Port Knox Dec. 2 ;
Ephraim Hall, Samuel Johnson, Silas Kendall, Patrick
Norton, Israel Newhall, Frederick Roods, Marcus D.
Rarasdill, Elijah B. Ramsdill, Thaddeus B. Russell,
William Reed, Francis Reittre, Edward R. Suck, Samuel
Thing, Ira T. Trowbridge, kiUed in action Nov. 7;
Nehm. Wetherill, Ezra Wheelock.
CHAPTER XIL
02f TME BANKS OF COAL CREEK, AND HIS DESCRIPTION
OF THE COMBAT AT TIPPECANOE.
UPON the banks of Coal our wigwams stood
For many seasons. Many years we dwelt
Sole monarchs of the wide-spread Woods and plains ;
And the Great Spirit stretched his arms across
Our valiant tribe.
" One autumn eve,
Across the Wea plains, and Shawnee's streams.
And through the woods, along the banks of Coal,
Spurring his panting steed, a warrior came —
High plum'd and painted — noble was his mien —
To tell us news which roused us from our rest.
And call'd our warriors round the council fire.
He told us that along the' wooded skirts
Of the great Grand Prairie they had seen
A warlike host, well clad in glittering steel,
Prepar'd for battle's dark and dismal hour;
And that their march was up the Wabash streams^
Towards the Prophet's Town.
'* The tomahawk was sharpen'd for the fray ;
The scalping knife prepaar'd ; the rifle smoothed,
And pri^'d, and leaded ; and the quivgr tram'd
lit
TSE INDIAN WARRIOR'S REFLECTIONS. Its
With pointed arrows. The deep ambush laid
Close by their crossing of the Creek of Pines.
There disappointed of our prey, almost
Within our grasp, we hung upon their trail,
And watched them from the groves, and hollows deep,
As on they strode in fearful martial pride,
To where the Tippecanoe flows along.
*' There as the twilight fell along the vale.
Our spies beheld from a tall, neighboring height.
Their lines encamp upon a rolling bench
Of table land.
" The moon had risen, but o'er her silver face
The sable clouds, that deck'd the eastern sky,
Spread a broad veil, and wrapt in sombre gloom
And misty darkness our advancing clans.
Then where the hill triangular, abrupt,
Ends in a point upon the level plain,
A gigantic chief drew his deadly bow,
And plunged his silent arrow through the breait
Of the brave guard. He fell, but, falling, cried :
* To ann-s / To arms ! The foe P Oh, then we pour'd
Upon their resting place the leaden balls.
Thick as the winter's sleet ; and as they rose
From their sweet dreams of calm and peaceful bliis,
Laid many a one to rest, while from their veins,
The life-blood hissing poured in purple tides,
And down the rough declivity soon ran
In gurgling floods, and bath'd our warriors* feet.
But soon the drum's long roll, the bugle's qote,
The charging steed, the looid and rallying call,
Told us we had to deal with valiant men,
Who were resolved to conquer or to die.
m TEE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
Their falchions flash'd — the musketry's fierce roar—
The rifle's sharp report — the bayonet's clash,
Came sounding in our ears ; the Kickapoo and Wyan-
dotte then bled,
And moan'd in death. Rank after rank
We cut the f oemen down, and still their place
Was fill'd by others, and their undaunted front
Kept the wide forest in a constant blaze,
Bright as the lightning's gleam. And still the combat
rag'd,
And many a chieftain's voice among the whites
Was hush'd and heard no more. The slowly murdering
gun
We dropp'd, and seized the keen-edg'd tomahawk
And scalping knife, and rushed with dreadful yeUs
Upon their thinn'd, and tired, and bleeding ranks.
" And still their columns wheeled in martial pomp,
And boldly sought the spot where loudest fell
The fury of the storm ; though drenched in gore,
And wrapp'd in sheets of flame, they fearless stood,
Like a strong warlike tower amid the wastes
Of the lone wilderness, while not an inch
A backward step they trod.
" Firm as the Ozark hills, the white men stood, charge
after charge.
And still above the fury of the storm.
And din of war, we heard the firm command :
* Stand! Foi' your homes — your firesides — and wives!
Standi while 0, soldier hreaihes or leader lives!''
" The p<»or Indian fled, his bow was broke,
And shattered was our great and valiant band.
THE INDIAN WARRIORS REFLECTIONS. Its
" The Prophet's town, a lovely, blooming spot,
A thriving city of the wilderness,
Was wrapp'd in flames; high through the vault of
Heaven,
Dark clouds of sooty smoke spread far and wide
Their horrid shade across the vanquished land,
And loudly spoke a gloomy tale of woe
And wretchedness, that had just began
To unfold to us the secret book of fate.
**■*■»* * -at 4f »
** The dauntless Daveiss, Owen, Spencer, "Warrick,
White,
Randolph, McMahan, Berry, Baen,
And many a gallant soldier did bravely pour
His life-blood out upon that sod.
There now the traveler often stays his steps.
To ponder o'er their dust, and look far back
Upon those troubled days, that long have passed
Down the deep ocean of eternity.
No towering marble marks that well-known spot,
To blazen forth their deeds ; but dwellings stand
Of white men, thickly scattered round their graves,
And our traditions tell, that they do hold
The records bright of their bold heroes' worth,
Engraved upon their hearts, that ceaseless beat
Within their bosoms' warm and living walls.
CHAPTER XIII.
€f)e JHonument
The battle of Tippecanoe was immediately followed
by the second war with England, that of 1812, which
left the pioneers of the northwest frontier comparatively
free from the danger of savage molestation. Indiana be-
came a State of the American Union in 1816, and started
upon the pathway of its great development. The peoplo
soon realized what the battle of Tippecanoe had been to
their unprotected pioneer homes, and early in the history
of the State began to consider the proper recognition by
a suitable monument to the heroism and services of those
men who had given up their lives in this important
battle when measured in point of consequences. The
battlefield of Tippecanoe was the last upon which the
red man as a race made his stand. Its results forever
shattered the plans and the hopes of Tecumseh, the great-
est warrior and statesman that the American Indian ever
produced. This importance was recognized by President
Madison in a special message to Congress and by the
votes of the Legislature of Kentucky and of the Terri-
tories of Indiana and Illinois. These resolutions spoke
in the strongest terms of commendation of the services
and valor of the militia, as well as of the regular soldiers.
The decade from 1830 to 1840 was one in which the
monument project was especially considered. Every session
127
t^8 THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.C
of the Indiana Legislature of this period adopted favor-
able resolutions and the Governor was instructed to
procure a suitable design. Among its chief advocates
were United States Senator John Tipton, a survivor of
the battle, William Henry Harrison, Commander-in-
Chief of the American forces, and Governor Noah Noble.
In a public meeting held on the battlefield, in 1830,
General Harrison said: "We should not be unmindful
of our soldiers who fell on the field of Tippecanoe and
whose exertions, when living, and whose blood in death
made and cemented the foundations of our prosperity.
The ridge upon which they lie should be consecrated as a
National altar, for it has been saturated with the blood of
heroes. The State should erect a monument on that
battlefield. The necessity of enforcing principles of
patriotism amcng our youth needs no vindication, and
by what livelier emblem can they be taught than by plant-
ing upon our battlefields the ever-living marble inscrip-
tion with the names of the valiant men who generously
left their lives there ? Teach the young men, from the
examples of Daviess and Spencer and Warrick and White,
and those who fell with them, to be ready, when the emer-
gency arises, to die for their country.
"Happy the youth who sinks to rest
With all his country's honors blest.'*
But Senator Tipton died in 1839. Harrison was elected
to the Presidency in 1840, and died after a short adminis-
tration of one month in the year following, and Governor
Noble lived but until 1844. With the death of these
men the idea of erecting a monument commemorative of
the work of the fallen heroes was permitted to slumber
THE MONUMENT. 199
for half a century, save some mention in the Indiana
Constitutional Convention of 1850-51.
The election of General Benjamin Harrison in 1888
to the Presidency aroused sentiment in connection with
this battle, and this sentiment was stimulated in the
vicinity of the battlefield by the circulation of three
thousand copies of the early editions of this book. The
people began to assemble annually for the purpose of dec-
orating the graves of those who had fallen in the engage-
ment nearly one hundred years ago, stirring patriotic
addresses were delivered and a permanent organization
was effected for the purpose of securing State and
National assistance in appropriations with which to con-
struct the monument. These patriotic efforts were finally
crowned with success and early in 1907 the Indiana Leg-
islature and the National Congress each appropriated the
sum of $12,500.00, a total of $25,000.00, for the purpose
of constructing a monument on the battlefield, commen-
surate with the valor and services of those who had given
their lives in defense of their pioneer homes and that
civilization might move forward and prevail over barbar-
ism. This monument was constructed within the appro-
priation, and turned over by Governor Hanly, of Indiana,
to a representative of the National Government, sent by
General Luke Wright, Secretary of War. These dedica-
tory ceremonies were performed on November 7, 1908, the
ninety -seventh anniversary of the battle, in the presence
of a vast concourse of people and amid a suitable civic
and military display. The Board of Commissioners of
Tippecanoe county, Indiana, appropriated $750.00 for
the erection of tablets on spots where officers fell
in battle. The structure is beautiful, dignified and
13Q THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
imposing, and stands ninety feet and ten inches in height.
The monument was constructed by McDonald & Son, of
Buffalo, New York. The material of the monument is of
white Barre granite, and the inscription tablets are of
Montello granite.
The east tablet bears the following inscription:
ERECTED JOINTLY BY
THE NATION AND THE
STATE,
IN MEMORY OF THE HEROES WHO
LOST THEIR LIVES IN THE
BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE
NOVEMBER 7, 181L
THIS MONUMENT COMPLETED AND DEDICATED
NOVEMBER 7, 1908.
The inscription on the north tablet is as follows:
AMERICAN FORCES.
MEN ENGAGED, 910.
GENERAL WM. HENRY HARRISON, COMMANDING.
ATTACKED AT 4:00 O'CLOCK A. M.
INDIAN FORCES LED BY PROPHET.
NUMBER ENGAGED ABOUT THE SAME AS
AMERICANS.
LOSS: AMERICANS, KILLED 37.
WOUNDED 151.
INDIAN LOSS UNKNOWN.
THE MONUMENT.
131
The west tablet is a record of the officers killed in
battle, as follows:
OFFICERS KILLED.
COLONEL
MAJOR
CAPTAIN
CAPTAIN
LIEUTENANT
LIEUTENANT
CORPORAL
CORPORAL
CAPTAIN
ABRAM OWEN.
JOSEPH H. DAVIESS.
JACOB WARRICK.
SPIER SPENCER.
RICHARD McMASAN.
THOMAS BERRY.
JAMES MITCHEL.
STEPHEN MARS.
WM. C. BAEN
HONORABLE JOHN TIPTON
WHO FOUGHT IN THIS BATTLE
DONATED THESE GROUNDS TO THE STATE OF
INDIANA
NOVEMBER 7, 1836.
132
THE BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE.
The tablet to the south is a record of the privates who
lost their lives in the engagement:
PRIVATES KILLED IN ACTION.
JAMES ASBERRY,
EDWARD BUTNER,
JONATHAN CREWELL,
THOMAS CLENDENNAN,
WILLIAM DAVIS,
PETER HANKS,
HENY JONES,
WILLIAM KING,
DANIEL LEE,
WILLIAM MEEHAM,
JACK OBAH,
KADER POWELL,
JOHN SANDBORN,
JOSEPH SMITH,
WILLIAM TISSLER,
IRA T. TROWBRIDGE,
JOSEPH WARNOCK,
ABRAHAM WOOD,
FRANCIS BONAH,
JOSEPH BURDITT,
LEVI GARY,
MARSHALL DUNKEN,
DEXTER EARLL,
HENRY HICKEY,
DAVID KEARNS,
ABRAHAM KELLY,
DANIEL MoMICKLE,
' ISAAC M. NUTE,
JOHN OWSLEY,
AMOS ROYCE,
SAMUEL SAND,
JAMES SUMMERVILLE,
LEWIS TAYLOR,
JOSEPH TIBBETTS,
LEMAN E. WELCH,
ISAAC WHITE,
JOHN YEOMANS.
The death roll reported on the monument contains
forty-six names, nine of whom received mortal wounds in
the battle and died on the battlefield upon the same day
before the army began its return march. They were
buried along with their thirty-seven comrades who died in
the heat of battle.
l^epoPt of MATHAfllEL F. i^DAM^, i^diutant.
A GENERAL return of the killed and wounded of the army under
command of His Excellency William Henry Harrison, Governor
and Commander-in-Chief of the Indiana Territory in the action,
with the Indians near the Prophet's Town Nov. 7, 1811:
KILLED.
WOUNDED. 1
(Since dead)|
WOUNDED.
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188
General Staff
Field and Staff
U. S. Infantry
Col.Dec ker 'sMilitia
Maj. Redman's
Militia
••
1
Maj. Daveiss'
Dragoons
Maj. Wells'
Mounted Riflemen
Capt. Spencer's
Mounted Riflemen
Spies, Guides and
Wagoners
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
Total
Names of oflacers killed and wounded as per general return :
KILLED.
General 8taff-~Co\. Abraham Owens, A.id-de-Camp to the Com-
mander-in-Chief.
WOUNDED.
Field and Staff-— ht.'QoX. Bartholomew, commanding Indiana Militia
Infantry; Lt.-Col. Decker, commanding Indiana Militia Infantry;
Maj. Joseph H. Daveiss (since dead), commanding squadron Dragoons;
Dr. Edward Scull, of the Indiana Militia; Adjutant James Hunter, of
Mounted Riflemen.
United States Troops — Capt.W. C. Baen, Acting Major (since dead);
Lt. George P. Peters; Lt. George Gooding; Ensign Henry Burchsted.
Col. Decker's Detachment — Capt. Warrick (since dead).
Maj. Redman's Detachment — Capt. John Norris.
Maj. Wells' Detachment — Capt. Frederick Guiger.
KILLED.
Spencer's Camp and Berry's Detachment — Capt. ipicr Spencer ;
First Lt. Richard McMahan ; Lt. Thomas Berry.
To His Excellency, the Commandbh-in-Chief.
NaTHAKIEL F. A»AM6,
Adjutant to the Army.
IM
ORDER OF MARCH.
ORDER of march of General Harrison's army to and
from the battle ground except when condition of the
country or other circumstances prevented it :
MOUNTED RIFLEMEN.
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