GIFT or
•■^
THE WALTER -KRAUSE GERMAN SERIES
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
THE WALTER-KRAUSE GERMAN SERIES
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
BY
MAX WALTER, Ph.D.
DIRECTOR OF THE MUSTERSCHULE (REALGYMNASIUM) , FRANKFURT AM MAIN
VISITING PROFESSOR, TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA
UNIVERSITY, IQII
AND
CARL A. KRAUSE, Ph.D.
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MODERN LANGUAGES, JAMAICA HIGH SCHOOL, N.Y.
LECTURER ON METHODS OF TEACHING MODERN LANGUAGES
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON
m(r
i
Copyright, 1912, by
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
C.
TO
WILHELM VIETOR, Ph.D.
PROFESSOR IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MARBUR*
Our Friend and Leader
THIS BOOK
IS GRATEFULLY INSCRIBED
232681
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2007 with funding from
IVIicrosoft Corporation
http://www.archive.org/details/beginnersgermanOOwaltrich
PREFACE
mTlt^T greubc an ber ®We."
Beginners' German is the basic book of the Walter-Krause
German Series. One purpose of this introductory book is to
initiate the learner into the language of every-day life as well
as into the literary language, thereby insuring a realistic vocab-
ulary. As we start with the immediate environment of the
pupil, we have the best of foundations for interest and for suc-
cess. At all times we are taking cognizance of the living
adolescent and not of abstract pedantry. The work is an out-
growth of actual class-room experience.
The first lessons, at least, are intended quite as much for the
teacher as for the pupil. We beg leave to give the following
hints as to an effective mode of using Beginners' German —
although no teacher is expected to tie himself down to one par-
ticular system:
(i) Develop the material orally, with books closed.
(2) Ascertain by questions and answers whether the pupils
have the proper imderstanding of the oral work. Every answer
should be repeated by the class.
(3) Call for a continuous oral review of the whole (with 2t\t-
ftMe).
(4) Have the assignment read, individually and in chorus.
(5) Let the matter covered be written or dictated.
(6) Be sure that definite grammatical facts are gained in
each lesson.
Let a thorough drill in sounds be connected with all begin-
ning lessons; never let a wrong pronunciation pass muster.
Do not assign a lesson unless it has been prepared in class.
The questions as laid down in our book are intended for the
student, to insure proper review at home. Such review may be
vii
vni BEGINNERS GERMAN
oral or written. Of course, these questions do not limit the
individual teacher in any way and are merely suggestive.
But they do outline the work of the learner definitely so
that the matter in hand shall be thoroughly dealt with
and mastered. Answers should always be given in complete
sentences.
The Grammar is based directly upon the work of each lesson
and is learned inductively. We are not talking and teaching
about grammar but, better than that, we talk and teach gram-
mar. The learner will formulate for himself, from his own
experience, certain linguistic laws and rules and this very
creative laboratory work will be a pleasure to him. It will de-
velop his powers of observation and will cause him to use his
own judgment rather than to accept that of an ^* authority."
Such botanizing work will be his mental property and will not
be done in futuram oblivionem.
Some of the later selections deal with German life and cus-
toms. We hope that the students will gain thereby an ac-
quaintance with Germany and the Germans.
The progress of each class with our book will depend, of
course, upon a number of circumstances. For Lessons 36-41
we have furnished Supplementary Reading to illustrate more
fully the use of Compound Verbs, of the Subjunctive, and of
Modal Auxiliaries.
A number of Reproduction Exercises are added for review
purposes, after Lesson 27. Translation and retranslation
may be practised occasionally after the foreign language
has been essentially mastered. The melodies of the songs
given in the text, as well as two additional ones, are
printed separately. The Grammatical Tables furnish only
the absolute essentials of German Accidence in systematic
arrangement.
We desire to express our hearty thanks to a number of our
colleagues both in America and in Germany for many valuable
PREFACE IX
hints. We are also under great obligation to the Frankfurter
Lesebuch-Kommission, to Karl HessePs Deutsche Lesebucher,
to Kameradschaft, Berlin, to Seringas Chorgesangbuch, and to
N. G. Elwert, Marburg, for their kindness in permitting us
to use some of their selections or publications.
Especially do we acknowledge our gratitude to Dr. A. Busse,
Associate Professor of German, Normal College of the City of
New York, for his kind advice and assistance in reading both
manuscript and proof.
The Authors.
February y jgi2.
CONTENTS
PAGE
Preface vii
Map of Germany facing i
Introductory: Alphabet i
Table of German Sounds with Explanations 3
Lesson I. Conversation — Days (tft, finb; ttjar, itjarcn; h)irb,
n)erbcn fein) 7
II. Conversation — Days (Declension of btc SSod^c) . . 9
III. Conversation — Months (Declension of btti^ Sftftt) . 11
IV. Conversation — Seasons (Declension of bcr ^crlbft;
word formation un-) 13
V. Conversation on preceding work (Word-order; im-
personal verbs; word formation -c) 16
VI. D ^annenBaum (Review; word formation -\)txi) . . 18
VII. Conversation — Multiplication Tables (ber-words) . 20
VIII. Conversation — Arithmetical Problems (Conjugation
of \6) bin; pronouns of address) 22
IX. Conversation — Family (Declension of citlC iBod^e,
citt 3a]^r; word formation -tiftcn, -Icin) 26
X. Conversation — Cardinal Numbers (Declension of cttl
a^onat) 28
XI. Conversation — Parts of the Day (Conjugation of trff
i^abc; ordinal numbers) 30
XII. Conversation — Time of Day (Conjugation of t(^
ftierbe; future tense; numerals continued) ... 32
XIII. Conversation — Parts of Body (Declension of bie
St|)^jcn, btc ginger, btc ^ai^nt) 34
XIV. Conversation (Declension of btc ^inbcr, bic ^ngen) . 2>^
XV. Conversation (Review of nouns; prepositions with
dative) 39
XVI. Conversation — Date (Ordinals and numerals com-
pleted) 42
XVII. 2)te Sotcici (i) (^cinc) (^abcn and fcin in compound
tenses) 43
xi
xii beginners' German
PAGE
XVIII. ^te Sorelei (2) and (3) (Drill on nouns; word
formation -ung) 45
XIX. Conversation — Class (cttt-words, neuter; present
tense; imperative) 47
XX. Conversation — Class (cm- words, feminine; reflex-
ives; t(^ nc^mc) 50
XXI. Conversation — Class (ctn- words, masculine; reflex-
ives, completed; id) ixaqt; declension of personal
pronouns) 53
XXII. Unfcr Scftulsimmer (i) (Compound nouns; preposi-
tions with dative or accusative) 57
XXIII. Unfcr ©cfttttsimmcr (2) (Preterit of weak verbs; word
formation -ifcft) 60
XXIV. Unfcr ©t^ul^aui^ (Prepositions with accusative; per-
fect and pluperfect) 62
XXV. Unfcrc Sd^utc (Comparison of adjectives and ad-
verbs) 65
XXVI. S3ci Xm; <Sttttc matijt (i) (Adverbial compounds;
agreement of pronouns; indefinite pronouns;
strong declension of adjectives) 66
XXVII. $Io^rcgcn (Preterit of strong verbs; coordinating
conjunctions) 69
XXVIII. $cibcnrdi^(ctn (©octl^e) (Review; strong verbs) ... 72
XXIX. (Sbelmann unb ©drtncr (Interrogative and relative
pronouns; word formation) 75
XXX. Review (Classification of strong verbs) '. 78
XXXI. ^a^ foftbarc ^rdntlcin (Weak declension of adjec-
tives, feminine singular and plural; irregular
strong verbs) 81
XXXII. ^ai^ tdgltdftc S3rot (Weak declension of adjectives,
neuter singular and plural; word formation) . . 84
XXXIII. ^ic bctttfdftc ^aifcrfomiltc; ^cil bir im ©icgcrfranj (i)
(Weak declension of adjectives, masculine singu-
lar and plural; word formation -ling, -It^) . . 87
XXXIV. ^a§ bcutfd^c 9ictcft (Mixed declension of adjectives). 90
XXXV. ^ic SSac^t am Oi^icin (i) (Review; word formation
-tg, -bar) 93
XXXVI. @tn Sricf; SSanbcrfcftaft (i) (Inseparable and separa-
ble verbs; verbs with dative; prepositions with
genitive) 95
XXXVII. ^cr trcuc ^unb (Inseparable and separable verbs
concluded) 98
CONTENTS XIU
PAGE
XXXVIII. ^er ^unb mxt bcm fJIcifd^C (Subjunctive of indirect
speech and question) 102
XXXIX. a3ncf motit)t^ an ©critter (Subjunctive of ideal con-
dition; possibility; wish) 105
XL. ^ie (Sc^ulcn (Modal auxiliaries) 107
XLI. @tlc tnit SScilc (Modal auxiliaries; irregular weak
verbs) no
XLII. ^rct Srcunbc (Passive voice) 114
XLIII. ^ic f)dt)txcn ©c^fulcn ^cutfdftlanb^ (Passive voice) . 117
XLIV. ^ie ^cutWcn in 5tmettfa (Passive and substitutes
for passive voice) 120
XLV. ^Ctttfc^knb itbcr mc§ (Review) 124
XL VI. ^cutfc^lanb^ ©tcttung in bcr SBcltltiirtWaft (Passive
voice concluded) 126
Supplementary Reading 131
Reproductions 138
Grammatical Tables • • . , • . . o . « 143
Abstract of German Grammar 174
Songs • -«... 179
Vocabulary 197
Longitude
14° East from 16° Greenwich 18^
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
INTRODUCTORY
/C ALPHABET
SMALL LETTERS
Print Script
CAPITAL
Print
LEITERS
Script
Naue
a a
^1^2^ ^r^
A
21
a
ah-
b b
J
B
33
^
bay
c c
.^
C
S
^
tsay
d b
^
D
S
^
day
e c
.^^^
E
(g
ay
f f
F
%
eff
g 9
h I)
• *
1 I
G
H
I
3
,gay
hah
ee
j i
k t
4
J
K
3f
&
yot
kah
1 I
J
L
S
^
eU
m m
\.^/^
M
2«
w
emm
n n
.^/^
N
91
X
enn
0 0
^€r
0
O
^
oh
ST. i: ^ V : :«': -REGinners German
: : 5kaji:;i^TTERs: r, , } capital letters
• •?«»»* * ''' Script' ' Print Script Name
p p j^ P ^ ^ pay
q q -^ Q O '^ koo
^
r r y^e^ R 91 ^i^ err
S f8 .^^^^ S © ^ ess
t t ^ 1 % ^ tay
u u .^ U U ^^ oo
V to ^ V SB /29 fow
w to ..^ W 2B ^y^ vay
XI ^ XX ^r iks
y ^ ^?^ Y g) ,<V^ ipsilon
z J ^?^ Z 3 "^ tset
COMPOUND CONSONANTS
Print Script Print Script Print Script
^ J ff # ^
\^ ^M %■ ^ ^"^
MODIFIED VOWELS (Umlttute)
beginners' GERMAN
D e ut sc he L au tt af el
(System Vie tor)
Lippenkute
Zahnlaute
Vorder- Hinter-
Gaumenlaute
KeUkite
1
po
td
kg
»
r
m
II
n
1
fv
szJ5
?j
xg
h
r
R
1
1
( )
( )
( )
( )
ley) (U)
i(y> OJ)
ece). a (pj
ST
6ttroxnlo3 stimmhaft nasal
TABLE OF GERMAN SOUNDS
. (VIETOR SYSTEM)
EXPLANATIONS AND EXAMPLES
(The phonetic spelling used is that of the Association Phonetique Inter-
nationale)
In the Table the German sounds are represented —
(i) in the vertical columns — according to the place of
articulation, in natural order, viz., lips, teeth, hard palate
(front), soft palate (back), throat;
(2) in the horizontal columns — according to the form
of articulation, the breath passage being (a) completely
4 beginners' GERMAN
closed, or (b) considerably narrowed, or (c) left compara-
tively open, in the place of articulation.
Characters representing voiced sounds are printed in
red, characters representing nasal sounds are printed
in green. In German all nasal sounds are at the same
time voiced.
A. SOUNDS WITH CLOSURE OR NARROWING OF
BREATH PASSAGE — CONSONANTS
I. WITH CLOSURE — STOPPED CONSONANTS
I. Lip Consonants (Lip and Lip)
p, voiceless — Jgein, JRau^c, a6. b, voiced — JBctn, rauBen.
m, nasal— tnein,nel)men,um.
2. Teeth Consonants (Tongue and Teeth)
t, voiceless — Xkx, leiten, leib. d, voiced — bit, Iciben.
n, nasal — nciti, h)of)tten,
3. Back Consonants (Tongue and Soft Palate)
k, voiceless — Kartc, qualen g, voiced — ®arten (fd^n)ei'
(3Bcg, Jagi). fien, tragenO.
I), nasal — ftngen, lang.
4. Throat Consonant (Vocal Chords)
?, voiceless — ('*)alt.
II. WITH NARROWING — NARROW CONSONANTS
I. Lip Consonants (Lower Lip and Upper Teeth)
f , voiceless — f af)ren, lauf en, v, voiced — SSarcn, cUiig.
auf.
* In North and Middle German pronunciation finally and medially the
narrow consonants g and x, j and g are generally used: see II, 3, 4.
BEGINNERS GERMAN g
2. Teeth Consonants (Tongue and Teeth)
Thin {Thin Breath Passage)
s, voiceless — *®fisse/ reiften, z, voiced — See, reifeu*
Broad {Broad Breath Passage)
J, voiceless — Stein, iDaf^en, *3, voiced — *goumat,
gifc^. *Sogi^,
Trilled {Vibration of Tongue Point)
r, voiced — rauf), (Sf)re, toal^t^
Divided {Passage on Both Sides of Tongue Point)
I, voiced — iau, fef)Ien, Xdl.
3. Front Consonants (Tongue and Hard Palate)
9, voiceless — *6^einie, rcid^en, j, voiced — ja (fd^tDeigen).
(SBcg).
4. Back Consonants (Tongue and Soft Palate)
X, voiceless — fud^cn (Jag)» g, voiced — (tragen)*
Trilled {Vibration of Uvula)
R, voiced — (rauf), gj^re^
tt)af)r),
5. Throat Consonant (Vocal Chords)
h, voiceless — ^alt* .
B. SOUNDS WITH OPENING OF BREATH
PASSAGE — VOWELS
All voiced. The opening is between the tongue and the palate. Sounds
with lip rounding are indicated in the Table by ().
I. Front Vowels
1:, long — i^n, ?tcbc, tDtc. i, short — in, ?ippe,
e:, long — @]^re, Qcben, ®c^nce.
^ An asterisk indicates words or sounds not originally German.
6 BEGINNERS GERMAN
e:, long — Sl^rc, gabcn, *^alat§, e, short — effcn, §finbc*
*e:,^ long, nasal — Saffiti, terrain.
Rounded
y:, long — iibel, ^uit. y, short — iippig, §uttc.
g:, long — Ofcn, ©iJt)ne,
*§, long, nasal — 3Serbun, S^rente* ©, short — ijffncn, SWiJnd^^
Ct^Utt,
2. Mixed Vowels (Intermediate between Front and
Back)
8, short — gcnug, S3ittc,
a:, long — 3{al, Iaf)Tn, ba. a, short — all, gamnt.
*a:, long, nasal — Stoucn, Sf)ancc.
3. Back Vowels
All Rounded
u:, long — Ufcr, 9Kut, bu. u, short — unten, abutter,
o:, long — ul^nc, tDO^I, fo,
*o;, long, nasal — SaHon, o, short — offen, SBDrt,
Dephthgngs
ai:, eicf, tictu, aJJat^
au:, Stugc, ?auf, blau.
oy:, cuer, ISuten, §cu.
* Nasal vowels in North German pronunciation are usually replaced by
the corresponding non-nasal short vowels followed by ji, e.g. Baffin =
^affcng, ^crbtttt=3$crbdng, ^oueii=9?ouanfi, 58allo«=©atlong.
V
€rfte 2Iuf gabe ,
Stc^tung! ©ie ftebcn %^^t bcr SBod^c ftnb: bcr SD^ontag,
©ten^ta^g, 9Kittood^, ©onner^tag, greitag^
©onnabcnb ober ©am^tag unb ber ©onntag^
^iejjrage SBeld^cr Jag i[t ^eute? 2Ba^ ift f)cutc?
ift:
SStt!^ ift bie ^cute ift 9)Jontag (or respective day of the
Slnthiort? week).
(2)ai^) 2Ba^ ift morgcn?
^tctulcin 3t.!
2)ie3tnt^ aWorgen ift ©ien^tag*
ttiart ift:
(2)er) SBa^ tt)irb ilbermorgcn fcin?
2)ie 2lnt* llbcrmorgen n)irb 9)Jittn)0($ fein^
niort ift: gg^^ ^i^.^ iiberiibermorgen fein?
SBeld^c SSagc tDerben morgcn unb iibermorgen fetn?
SBa^ tDar geftern?
2Ba^ tDar Dorgcftem?
SBa^ n)ar t)ori)orgeftem?
SBelc^e S^age tDaren geftern unb borgeftem?
3ft Iieute ©ien^tag?
9lein, mein ^err, f)eute ift nid^t ©ien^tag, fon*
bern 9Jfontag,
SBar geftern aWittlDod^?
SBirb morgen 35ien^tag fein?
3a, mein §err, morgen toirb S)ien^tag fein*
7
8
BEGINNERS GERMAN
Slaffc!
Slttc su-
fammen!
©agcn Sic:
Slc^tung!
Scrncn:
famtncn!
©tJtcrficn
®ie taut!
aSa^ ift Iieutc?
aSann tear ©onntag? etc.
S)a^ ©prid^tDort ift: Seffer f)cutc al^ morgen.
9}Jorgen, morgen, nur nid^t f)eutc,
©pred^en alte faulen Scute. —
S)a^ ift aud^ etn ®prid^n)ort.
©ie finb nid^t faulc geute. 9icin, ©ie finb fleifeig!
aSeffer f)cute al^ rrtorgen.
©ie miiffen taut nub nid^t leife fpred^en!
^arl fprid^t laut,
gri^ fprid^t lauter,
^einrid^ fprid^t am lauteften.
glifabetf) fprid^t leife,
Slnna fprid^t leifer,
ajtargarete fprid^t am leifeften*
PRETERIT
geftem, etc.
tDar — maren
©onntag, etc.
MASCULINE
bcr Tlontaq, etc.
§err
NOTE
PRESENT
f)eute
ift — finb
SKontag
FEMININE
bic 2lufgabe
Sld^tung
grage
SlnttDort
Slaffc
FUTURE
morgeti, etc.
tDirb, tDerben . . . fein
©ien^tag, etc.
NEUTER
ha^ graulein
©prid^iDort
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
^mette 2lufgabe
©utctt Xaql ^\t bic^ Slufgabc ein^? ^ft bie^ Scftion cin^?
yidn, mein ^err, bic^ ift ntd^t Slufgabe ein^, fon-
bcm Slufgabc itdtl
Sltaffe! ^tc SBod^c l^at fteben Sage.
SBclci^e^ [tub bie [teben Sage bet SBod^e?
5«iJc^ ©ie fteben Sage ber SBod^e finb: ber 9Wontag, etc.
einmal! @ieben Sage finb in ber SBod^e.
©ieben Sage bilben (mac^en) bie SBod^e^
Stc^tung! 9Wontag ift ein Sag,
SKontag unb S)ien6tag finb jtijei Sage,
9Kontag, ©ien^tag unb 9Kitttt)0(^ finb brei Sage,
aWontag, ©ien^tag, 99?ittn)0(^ unb ©onner^tag
finb bier Sage,
SDZontag, ©ien^tag, 9Witttt)od^, !Donner^tag unb
greitag finb fiinf Sage,
aWontag, ©ien^tag, Mttmod^, ©onner^tag, grei^
tag unb ©onnabenb finb fed^6 Sage,
aWontag, ©ien^tag, 9}Jittn)0(^, ©onner^tag, grei^
tag, ©onnabenb unb ©onntag finb fieben Sage*
S)er aWontag ift ber erfte Sag ber SBo($e,
©ien^tag ift ber jlDeite Sag ber SBod^e,
2)?itttD0(^ ift ber britte Sag ber SBoc^e,
©onner^tag ift ber Dierte Sag ber SBod^e,
greitag ift ber fiinfte Sag ber SBod^e,
©onnabenb ift ber fed^fte Sag ber SBod^e,
©onntag ift ber fiebte unb lefete Sag ber
2Bo(^e.
lO
beginners' GERMAN
etnmal!
Slrfitutig!
9(uStt)enbtg
Icrncn:
tlaffc!
5(u!gtoettbtg
(ernen:
Jld^tung!
SBcId^c^ ift bcr crftc Jag bcr SBod^cpi etc.
©cftcrn tdax 9Kontag, bcr erftc Jag bcr SBod^c,
9Worgcn iDirb ajJittmoc^ [citi, bcr brittc Jag bcr
SBod^c, etc.
!J)a^ t[t bk crftc 5tci{)C obcr bic crftc ©ruppc,
©a^ ift bic jtDcitc 9Jcif)C obcr bic jtDcitc ©ruppc, etc.
S)a^ finb jtDci, brci, etc., 9Jcif)cn obcr ©ruppcn.
2, 4, 6 finb gcrabc 3^^^^^^
1, 3, 5, 7 finb ungcrabc S^W^*
(Snbc gut, altc^ gut.
(Srft bic Slrbcit, bann ba^ ©picL—
J)a6 finb stDci ©prid^toortcr.
®ic finb gut, ®ic finb nic^t fd^Icd^t!
©ic arbcitcn gut unb f)3iclcn nid^t!
SBann fommt bic Strbcit? Unb bann?
yiimm bcnn frifd^ bic Slrbcit auf
2tn ben SBcrfcItagcn,
Unb bu tDirft, id^ n)cttc brauf (I bet on it),
grol^cn ©onntag l^abcn.
5lIIc Jagc aufecr ©onntag finb SBcrftagc obcr SBer^
fcltagc.
©ic lad^cn: ©ic finb frot) unb nid^t traurig;
©ic finb frifd^ unb nid^t nttibc!
Declension: bic SBod^e, in the Singular.
Nominative
Accusative
Genitive bcr SBod^e
Dative bcr SBod^c
bic SBod^e
^ Let the individual pupils repeat the questions of the teacher so
as to become accustomed to asking questions.
beginners' GERMAN II
Decline: bie Slufgabc, bie gragc, bic SlnttDort, bic Sld^tung, bic
Piaffe, bie SReifie, bie ©ruppe, bie Slrbcit,
E.g.
N. ^ie SIrbeit ift gut.
G. 35ie 3:age bcr Slrbeit finb SBerftage*
Z). S3ei bcr Slrbeit lernen ®ie fleifeig.
A, 3)ie Seute fc^reiben bie Slrbeit frifc^ unb fro^*
Of what gender are these nouns?
Do they change in the singular?
How can you tell nouns in German?
Dritte 2lufgabe
Seien ®ie S)a^ ift ba^felbe tt)ie ^^Hc^tung."
aufmetl- (gi^ miiffen aufmerffam fein, nid^t unaufmerffam,
fftttt!
tkffe! 2)a^ 3a^r ^at imi\ momtt.
SDie gtnolf 9Wonate be;^ ^df)xt^ finb:
ber ^anuar, gebruar, Mixvi, Slpril, 9)?ai, 3funi,
^xili, Sluguft, September, Oftober, S^obember,
©ejember.
3n bem ^af)r finb jtDoIf 9Wonate»
3tt)oIf a)?onate bilben ba^ ^ai)v.
®er ^ctnuar ift ein Tlonat
©er 3<Jnuar unb ber gebruar finb glDci 2)tonate,
etc.
8 = ad^t, 9 = neun, 10 = gel^n,
11 = elf, 12 = itobll
S)er ^anuar ift ber erfte 9Konat be^ ^ai)xt^,
gebruar ift ber gtDeite 9Konat be^ ^al^re^, etc.
Sluguft ift ber ac^te 2Konat be^ 3txt)re^^
12
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
Icmcn:
SBtcber*
f^oUn Sic
ba^!
©cptcmber ift bcr neuntc Tlonat bc6 3cif)rc^,
Oftober ift ber gcl^nte 9Konat be^ 3af)re^,
Jiobember ift bcr elfte 9Wonat be^ 3^a^re^,
©ejember ift ber jlDoIfte 2Wonat be^ ^cifire^,
SBeld^e^ ift ber erfte 9Konat be^ 3ctf)re^? ber Dierte
aSie t)iete 2)?onate Ifiat ba^ 3af)r?
S)a^ S'^^t: ift lang,
ber Sag ift furj^
©reifeig lage f)at 9^ot)ember,
Slpril, 3uni unb ©eptember*
J^ebruar l^at biermal fieben*
2lHe, bie nod^ iibrig blieben (still remain),
§aben einunbbreifeig^
!Da^ ift ba^felbe tDie ,,no(^ einrtiaL"
2(uf^?affeii! 3(^ fd^reibe e6 an bie Jafel*
Siftiercn! 3^^t biftiere ic^ e^S'finen, ober id^ gebe 3f)tten ein
Piaffe!
Semen!
S)iftat!
SIpril! aprit!
S)er tDeife nid^t, n)a^ er h)ill*
S'c^ tDcife: e^ ift l^eute Tlitttdod).
SBeld^e SKonate ^abeti 30 Sage?
aSelc^e arjonate ^aben 31 Jage?
Declension: bae 3a{)r, in the Singular.
Nominative
Accusative
Genitive
Dative
be^ S(tf)n^
bem 3a]^r(e)
beginners' GERMAN I3
Decline: ba^ graulcin, i>a^ ©prid^mort, ba^ @nbc, ba^ ®picl,
ba^ 2)iftat*
E.g.
N. 2)a^ ©piel tft taut*
G, 3)ie Slufgabe be;^ ®ptel(c)^ tft btc^,
Z). 3n bcm ©picl ftnb ®prt(|n3drter entfialten (contained).
A. (Sic lemen ba^ ®piel gut*
Of what gender are these nouns?
Are the natural and the grammatical gender of nouns
identical in German? Illustrate.
Dterte 2Iufgabc
Sluf^jaffctt! J)a^ ^af)x ^at bier Qaf)xt^dttn.
3)ie t)ier ^ai)xt^dttn finb ober l^ei^en:
ber gruf)Iing, ber ©ommer,
ber ^erbft unb ber SBinter*
SBie l^eifeen bie tiier ^a^vt^txUn?
9Bie tieifeen ©ie?
fSxttCf ©ie mil[feti beutlid^ unb genau fpred^en, nid^t fo
beutac^ au§^^ uubeutlic^ unb ungenau!
f^jtedjen. ^,^ ^^.^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ englifc^?
^erbft tieifet auf englifd^ fall (harvest).
2)anfe! S)a6 ift red^t, ba^ ift rid^tig, nid^t falfd^*
SBeld^e ^a^re^jeit ift je^t?
Sefet ift e^ §er6ft.
Sft e^ iefet aSinter?
9^ein, mein §err, iefet ift e6 nid^t SBinter, fonbern
§erbft*
2BeId^e S'cifire^seit mar t)orf)er?
14 beginners' GERMAN
SBelc^c ^af)xt^idt tdivb na^^tv fein?
2Bie t)iele ^ai)xt^idtm gibt e^?
SBie Dielc 3^af)re^seiten f)a6en tDir?
^n n)eld^er ^ai)xt^dt leben tDir?
SBtr leben im (in bem) §erbft»
3)er gruf)Img ift bie erfte ^'aJire^aeit,
ber ©ommer ift bie jiDcite Qai)xt^dt, etc.
SWftrs, Slpril unb max finb bie brei grii^Iinge-
monate,
^uni, 3uli unb Sluguft finb bie brei ©ommer^
monate,
©eptember, Oftober nnb 5yiot)ember finb bie brei
^erbftmonate,
©ejember, -3anuar unb gebruar finb bie brei
3Bintermonate»
3lod^ 2)er §erbft ift bie britte 3ctf)re^jeit
einmal! <T)ic ^eit be^ ^txh\tt^ bauert t)on (September bi^
9lot)ember*
SBir finb iefet im (in bem) §erbft*
September, Oftober unb 9Jot)ember bilben im
§erbft.
Semen ©ie gnil^Iing, ©ommer, ^erbft unb SBinter
bie^ au^= ©inb be^ guten ©otte^ ^inber,
^* SBringen un^ be^ ©uten biel:
S3Iumen, ^Jriid^te, frof)e^ ©pieL
St^tung! SBir alte finb bie ^inber ©otte^, be^ SSater^.
Slumen unb J^tiic^te finb im ©arten*
@^ gibt t)iele S3Iumen unb griic^te im ©arten; fie
mad^fen im ©arten*
®ie Stofe ift eine S3Iume; bie Suipe ift aud^ eine
beginners' GERMAN 1 5
SBtc l^eifet alfo S3Iumc auf englifd^?
S)er Slpfel tft einc grud^t; bie Mdont ift aud^ cine
grud^t
SBie fieifet alfo grud^t auf englifd^?
9?ennen ©ie mir 33Iumen unb griid^tc!
So iff ^ Saffen ©ie e^ gut fetn!
rec^t!
Declension: bcr ^erbft, in the Singular.
Nominative bcr §crbft
Genitive bc^ ^crbftc^
Dative bcm §crbft(c)
Accusative ben §erbft
Decline: bcr Sag, bcr 9Kontag, etc., bcr SBcrftag,
bcr 9Wonat, bcr 3anuar, etc., bcr griil)Ung; etc.,
bcr ®ott, bcr 3Satcr, bcr @artcn»
E.g.
N. S)cr. crftc Jag bcr SBod^c fiei^t 9Wontag*
G. S)ic 2lrbcit be^ Sagc^ ift grofe.
D. 2ln bem (ant) 2:agc fd^Iafcn bie flcincn Sinbcr^
A. SBir ncnncn ben crftcn SBod^cntag 9Wontag*
Of what gender are the names of the days, of the
months, and the seasons?
WORD FORMATION
What is the force of the prefix un-?
Ungcnau ift: nid^t gcnan,
unbcutUd^ tft: nid^t bcutlid^,
unaufmcrffant ift: nid^t aufmcrffam*
Do we have the same prefix in English?
i6
beginners' GERMAN
Stc^tung!
2lnfangcn
(Scginnen):
fjortfal^rett
(3Beitcr):
^tinfte 2lufgabe
(g^ tft talt im SBinter, & [riert, unb e6 fcfineit oft.
5)cr SBinter tft ein armcr 9Wann» @r bringt feme
33Iumen unb feme griid^te, er bringt aber frobe^
©piel 2)er aSmter ift ba^ @nbe be^ 3abre^,
3tn grilbling tft e^ mtlb. & ift im grilblittg
f(i^6ner al^ im aBittter*
3?m ©ommer ift e^ toavm, oft fefir b^ife* ®^t:
©ommer ift reid^^ (Sr brittgt utt^ Diele Slumeti
uttb grild^te, (£^ bli^t unb bonnert oft*
3m ^erbft ift e^ fiibl. 3)ie guft ift tilbL (S^ ift
fd^on, tDenn bie ©onne fd^eint. @^ regnet oft,
toenn bie Sonne nid&t fd^eint, J)ann ift ba^
aSetter fd^Ied^t; bann ift e^ fd&Ied^te^ SBetter.
3n ^eld^er ^af)xt^dt gibt e^ feine 53Iumen?
aSa^ bringt ber SBinter?
SBann ift e^ fait?
SBie ift ber aSinter?
aSann friert e^ unb fd^neit e^?
aSarum friert e^?
aSie ift e^ im griifiling? etc.
Semen ®te ^m aSinter, tomn e6 frieret,
au^ttienbig: 3^ aSinter, toenn e^ fd^neit,
S)ann ift ber aSeg gur ©d^ule
gurtt)a{)r no(^ 'mal fo toeit (fiirtoafir, indeed).
Unb tDenn ber ^udfudE rufet,
®ann ift ber grill^Iing ba,
®cmn ift ber aSeg gur ©d^ule
gllrn)af)r nod^ ^md fo naf).
beginners' GERMAN 1 7
3Ber a6cr gernc lemet,
©em ift fein SBeg iu fern;
^m SStnter tok im grlifiling
®ef)t er ^ur ©d&ule gem*
Hoffmann tjon galler^Icbcn,
au^tnenbig 9?ebcn ift ©ilber,
lernen: ©c^tDeigen ift ®oIb.—
9teben fieifet fprcd^en; fd^tDcigen f)eifet: nid^t reben^
NOTE
Are predicative adjectives declined?
Do the names of the days, months, and seasons require the
definite article in English? In German?
IMPERSONAL VERBS
6^ friert, c^ fd^ncit, e^ Uii^t, c^ bonncrt, c6 regnct.
What do these five impersonal verbs express?
ORDER OF WORDS
I. @^ ift fait im SBintcr. (Normal.)
II. 3m grilf)Iing ift e^ milb, (Inverted.)
III.^ ® ift fd^on, menu bic ©onne l^eH fd^cint. (Dependent.)
Interchange the normal and the inverted order in I and II.
What kind of clauses or sentences are they?
Change III into two independent clauses of I.
Combine I and II into a sentence of type III by using the
subordinating conjunction tDttl^renb (while).
Notice: SBcnn bic ©onnc fcftcint, ift c« fd^aneS SScttcr.
(ad^cint bic ©onnc, fo ift c« fci^dneg SSettcr.
Note that the German uses a comma before and after a dependent
clause.
1 8 beginners' GERMAN
WORD FORMATION
Kalt 0i6t bic mUt,
tdavm Gibt bic SBiirmc,
ntilb gibt bic SKilbc,
fu{)I gibt bic tii^lc.
Of what gender are these nouns ending in -e, which are de-
rived from adjectives?
Sed?fte 2tufgabc
(Review)
53affen ©ic §cutc Icrncn tDir cin bcutfd^c^ Sicb, cin SSoIMicb*
^«t^ a«an ftngt cin Sicb,
S)a^ Sicb l^cifet: O S:anticnba«m.
O 2:anncnbaum, o Zanncnbaum,
SBic trcu finb bcinc iBIattcr!
'^u griinft nid^t nur jur ©omntcrgcit,
9^cin, aud^ im SBintcr, tDcnn c^ fd^ncit^
O Sanncnbaum, o Slanncnbaum,
2Bic trcu finb bcinc flatter!
yiitilt faut S)cr lanncnbaum t)cifet auf cnglifd^ the fir-tree,
fcin!
mm trage Xrcu ^cifet ,,ni(^t falf(^.''
(dn! SBcId^c^ anbcrc SBort ficifet auc^: nid^t falfd^?
(gin 33aum t)at SBIctttcr, Dicic 33Iattcr, bic griin finb.
©inb fie blau obcr rot?
®ic 33Iattcr finb nid^t blau, fonbcm griin.
3)a6 ®ra6 ift griin.
©inb bic 33Iattcr bc6 Sanncnbaunt^ griin?
3^atnot)I, bic SBIcittcr bc6 Sanncnbaum^ finb griin.
beginners' GERMAN 1 9
3ft ber S^annenbaum grofe ober ficin?
S)ie S3I(itter ht^ Sannenbaunt^ l^eifecn 9labcln*
©riint ber 3:annenbaum nur gur (ju ber) ®om^
mergeit?
©d^neit e^ tm SBtnter?
©d^neit e^ aud^ tm ©ommer?
griert e^ oft tm ©ommer?
3^ft bte guft im SBtnter Mt ober tDarm?
SBetfte^cn SBtr berftet)en ba^ 8teb*
Sie ba^
2icb?
Sefen Sie SBtr lefen e^ jefet*
t^ je^t!
Sc^t fingctt S)te 9KeIobte ift letd^t, ntc^t fd^toer^
ttiit bai^
£ieb.
Semen Sie 2lCe milffett ba^ Steb ftttgen!
ej^ au)^'
Hjenbig !
JBu(^= Qd) buc^ftabtere (spell)
ftabieren! S3aum — S3 a u m
treu — t r e u
tttein — n e t n
How many diphthongs are there in German?
Slufvaffen! ®efunbt)ett ift ba^ f)od^fte ®ut
Semen: ®efunbf)eit ift beffer al^ ^ranfl^eit (sickness).
WORD FORMATION
©efunbl^eit beifet gefunb fein*
9Ba^ betfet tranfbeit? bie gautbeit?
What is the force of the noun-suffix -l^eit?
What is the gender of nouns ending in -beit?
20 beginners' GERMAN
Stebte 2lufgabe
Seien Sie SBir ftnb aufmcrffam.
aufmer!= j ^ ^[^^ g^^. 2 t[t aud^ cine 3«^I/ ^tne anbere
3, 4 unb 5 ftnb brei S^W^*
Sa^Ien Sic t)tm cin^ W^ sttJdIf !
@<jrcrf|Ctt Sic laut unb bcutlid^!
5Paffcn Sic 3c^ gafite meiter Don 13 bi^ 30:
^^^* breijcl^n, t)ierse{)n, fiinfjel^n, fed^jel)n, [tebsel^n,
ad^tjefin, nennjef)n, gtDanjtg, etnunbjtDan*
gig, stDciunbstDanjig, etc., nennnnbjh)anjig,
breifeig.
9lo(^ cin* ®a^ ift genng*
mal, 6ittc! ^j^^^en ®ie fc^nell, ni($t langfam.
Slc^tung ! granlein %. ift cin Sl^abd^en.
max 58. ift cin ^nabe.
Stt^Icn Sic bic Snabcn unb bic SSJlSb^cn!
3)ie ^naben ftnb meine ©(filler; fie gel^en in bic
©d^ule,
S)ie aJJctbd^en finb meine ©d^itlerinnen.
SBie t)iele ©d^iiler f)abe id) t)ier?
©ie l^aben . . . f)ier.
SBie t)iele ©ci^ulerinnen finb bort?
3(^ bin ber Sefircr, unb graulein ©mitf) ift eine
Sef)rerin.
3^c^ le^re ®ie S)entfd^.
SBir finb greunbe; tt)ir t)alten grennbfd^aft.
BEGINNERS GERMAN 21
Staffe! ®a^ tft ba^ mi).
®tefe^ iBud^ tft rot, bic garbe jenc^ SBud^e^ ift blau*
3ebe^ Suc^ f)at ©citcn, unb auf jeber ©cite finb
3eilcn*
SBeld^e^ S3u(^ l^abcn ©ie? ^[t c^ rot, grttn ober
blau?
28tc t)iele Siid^er l^abcn ®te l^icr?
!Da^ ift eine leic^tc Stufgabe; iefet aber cine fd^toerc
Slufgabc, fcine cinfad^e*
SBcId^er SOJonat ^at icbc^ t)ierte 3a^r 29 Sage?
3d& Scil^Ie nun bic 3^^ncr:
jefin fed^iig
itoanm ftebjig
breifetg ad^tjig
Dicrsig neungig
filnf jig l^unbcrt [tanfenb]
Sagen Sie ba^ ©inmalcim^ l^cr!
3* «^ (aunt SeifpicI):
1x8 = 8 einntd ad^t ift ail)t,
2 X 8 = 16 jh)cimal ad^t ift fed^gcl^n,
3 X 8 = 24 breimal ad^t ift DicmnbjiDanjig, etc.,
10 X 8 =p 80 gefinntal ad^t ift ad^tjig;
unb fo toeiter (uftoO*
Declension: biefer, jener, jcber, tDcId^er (manc()er)*
Singular
. \ lebe ©cite bicfe^ 33ud^ ^ ^!^ ^ ^
Ace, } "" ' ^ tDcId^en 9Wonat
Gen. iebcr ©cite biefe^ Sud^eg tDcIdfte^ 9)?onat(c)^
Da/. iebcr ©cite biefent 93ud^(c) tDcId^cm 9Wonat(c)
Decline: biefcr ©driller, jene ©d^iilerin, jebe^ 2W(lbc^cn.
22 BEGINNERS' GERMAN
E.g.
N. S)tcfc^ ©ud^ tft rot.
G. ®tc garbc bicfe;^ SSud^e^ tft rot.
D. 3n biefcm 93u(^ finb t)telc ©citcn.
^. SBir Icfcn bicfei^ S3ud^ p Snbc.
How are bicfcr, iencr, iebcr, tocld^cr declined? Like what?
What do you call them?
2ldjte 2lufgabe
^d^tnnq ! @ic milffcn aufpaffen; ®ic totxbtn nic cttoa^ lemen.
Semen: ^Sitter Slnfang tft \^tdtv." Sa^g tft ctn tteue^
©prtd^tDort fiir un^, fein alte^. ©er Slttfattg
tft ba^felbc h)ie ha^ ^Seginncn.
^ert (SA 9Bte alt ftttb ©te?
©agen ®tc: i^ fittt 13 S'al^re unb 5 SRottate alt
Secret sum bu 6tft 13 3<if)t:e uttb 5 aWottatc alt;
©c^uler: i^^ i^t iung uttb tttc^t alt.
Center unb er tft 13 ^al^rc uttb 5 2)?onate alt;
^t<»ff^^ fte (5martf)a) tft . . .
t§ {ha^ Smabd&en) tft . . .
©eien ®te SSir fittb fel^r auftnerffatn*
fe^r auf *
tttet!fattt!
Secret jut t^t feib fcl^r aufnterffam*
Slaffe:
Cei^ter unb fte ftnb aufmcrffant*
Klaffe:
aCe 3c^ 6tn auftrterffartt,
Sufammen! ^^ jjjft auftnerffam uftt).
BEGINNERS GERMAN 2$
2Btc alt ftnb ©ie unb ©ic?
SBic alt fcib iSf)x jufammcn?
2Btc alt h)aren ®ie le^tc^ 3ctf)r?
SBie alt tDcrben ©ic ncic^ftc^ 3^af)r fcin?
Snm S3cifpiel: id^ bin 15 ^ai)xt alt,
bu tDarft 14 3al)rc alt,
er tDirb 16 3^al)re alt fcin,
h)ir [inb beibc 15 3cil)rc alt,
if)x toaxt 14 S'alirc alt,
fie n)erben 16 3fcil)re alt fein»
©ie finb fo alt n)ie er.
©ie ftnb nic^t fo alt n)ie er.
©ie finb alter al^ er.
©ie finb ber altefte t)on il^nen.
923ie t)iele ©(filler finb f)ier ober finb annjefenb?
SBie t)iele ©driller finb nid^t i)kx ober abniefenb?
Slmerifa {)at ie^t 48 ©taaten,
©entfd^lanb ^at 26 ©taaten.
2Sie t)iele ©taaten f)aben Slmerifa nnb S)entfd^lanb
jnfanxmen?
„3^tt ift ®elb;" fo fagt man.
3c^ l)abe biel 3^it, alfo ):)abt id^ and^ t)iel ®elb»
5«id^t toa^r?
Stimmt ♦ J)a^ ift ba^felbe tt)k: ift ba^ rid^tig (red^t)?
3fefet tDollen toir red^nen nnb ^Red^enanfgaben lofen*
2Bir nel^men bie Slbbition jnerft, bann bie ©nb^
traftion, baranf bie aWnltiplifation unb jnlefet
bie 2)it)ifion.
mbition an 38
ber Safel: +26
""64
24 BEGINNERS GERMAN
6 unb 8 ift 14; tc^ fd^reibe 4
©inn;
[ l^in unb be^dte 1 int
1 unb 2 ift 3 unb 3 tft 6. :
!Da8 l^etfet abbicren.
Slbbtercn ©ie btefe S<^^^t^'
13 5
Cie §rntoort ift 64.
7 9
2 6
9
8 .
4
4 5
7
2
1
6 4
3
5
2
8 9
4
3
5
3um S3etft)tel:
8+6+4+2
+ 1 =
= 21 uftt).
<Bubixat'
tion an bet
Safel:
-
974
■518
J my
456
8 t)on 4 gel^t nic^t; td^ borge ein^ (S^^^^r);
8 don 14 ift 6; 1 don 6 ift 5; 5 don 9 ift 4,
®ie 2Inttt)ort ift 456.
J)a^ l^eifet fubtral^iercn.
S)ie 9?fuItipIifation fennen toir. SBir fiaben ba^
Sinmdein^ gelemt unb fonnen ntultipligieren.
3)tt>tfiott an 8470 -^ 5 = 1694
bcr 2:afcl: 5 t^ 8 ge^t cinntal; e^ bleiben 3 iibrig. 3c^ t)oIe 4
l^erunter.
5 in 34 gebt fed^^mal; 4 bleiben ilbrig. 3d^ f)ole 7
l^erunter.
5 in 47 gel^t 9 mal; e^ bleiben 2. ^(^ f)oIe 5«uII
Iierunter.
5 in 20 gef)t 4 mal.
S)ie SlnttDort ift 1694.
J)a^ fieifet bidibieren.
beginners' GERMAN 2$
SBietiicI ift: 12 x 12 + 6 -^ 15 - 2 = ?
S)ie 2lntoort ift 8.
^tDoIftnal jtDoIf ift f)unbert bierunbDicrjig,
144 unb (plu^) fec^^ ift {)unbert fiinf jig,
150 (bidibiert) burc^ fiinfje^n ift gel^ti,
10 h)cniger (minu^) itod ift ac^t^
Sine beutfc^e mart \)at 100 pfennig.
(Sin dollar f)at ungefctfir 4 2JJarL
2Bic bide 2)?arf unb pfennig finb $42.30?
^anbc ^0^, ttjcr cj§ tticife!
Conjugate the present of id^ 6in, using adjectives and their
opposites.
E.g.
td^ bin fleifeig, totr finb fro^,
bubiftfaul; Ji^rfeibtraurig;
fi^r
\®ii
®ic finb grofe,
fie finb !Iein»
er ift gut,
fie (e^) ift fc^Ied^t;
Where is the accent in most foreign nouns, e.g. 2Ibbition?
933o l^aben mir faut .unb fro^ gelernt?
Note that t>n is used when addressing a child (a relative, a friend) ;
i^r is the plural of bu;
Sic is used when speaking to young people and adults,
singular and plural.
26 beginners' GERMAN
rieunte 2lufgabe
SBic Dieic Sage f)at cine SBod^c?
(Sine 9Bo(f)e l^at [ieben Xa^t.
2Kfo, n)iebielc Jage bilbcn cine SSod^e?
9lDd^ ©icben 2^age bilben cine 2Bo(^e*
einmaU sseld^e^ finb bie 9Berftage ciner SBod^e?
J)ie SBerftage einer SBod^e ftnb . . .
S33ie t)iele getertage finb in einet SBod^e?
3ti einer SBod^e ift ein geiertag*
Declension: eine SBod^e, Feminine Singular.
Nominative 1 , .m ^r
. . . r ^^^^ SBod^e
Accusattve J
Genitive einer SBod^e
Z>a/iz;e einer SBod^e
Decline: cine 93Innte, eine gmd^t, eine ©ontmergeit, etc., eine
3)ieIobie, eine B^W^ eine ©d^nle, eine ©d^illerin, eine Sef)rerin, eine
garbe, eine ©cite, eine ^txlt, eine $Red^enanfgabe, eine 2lbbition, etc.,
eine Mart, eine §anb.
!Die^ ift ein SBeifpiel:
©ittc Slume ift fd^on,
!J)ie 33Iatter einer Slume finb griin.
3)er ©driller gibt ciner Stume 9Baffer»
!©ie ?e{)rerin l^at cine SBIume^
Is there any difference in the declension of cine and btc?
SBie t)iele 9Wonate l^at ein ^al^r?
gin ^'al^r l&at s^olf 2)?onate»
SBie biele 9Konate bilben bafier ein ^'al^r?
beginners' GERMAN 2^
StDoIf 9Konate bilben ein ^a^x.
SSeld^e^ [tub bie brei §erbftmonatc ctnej^ ^cil^re^?
(ober: SBte l^eifeen ♦ . ♦)
©ic brei ^erbftmonate eine^ 3<it)rc^ ftnb (f)cifeen):
©eptember, Oftober unb 9lot)embcr.
SBie t)iele ^al^re^jeiten gibt e^ in einem ^a%x^
(g^ gibt Dier -3af)re^seiten in einem ^(x1)x.
Declension: ein 3af)r, Neuter Singular.
Nominative 1 , ^^ y
Accusattve J
Genitive eine^ 3af)re^
Z>a/zz;e einem 3al)r
Decline: ein ^inb, ein ?ieb, ein SBort, ein S3Iatt, ein 9Wabc^en,
ein grdulein, ein 93nd^, ein SeifpieU
All nouns in d^en and letn (diminutives) are of what gender?
S)a^ Slattd&en ift ein fleine^ 33Iatt.
SBa^ ift ein Siid^Iein? ein ^inbd^en?
What difference is there between ha^ and etn in the
declension?
^icr ift ein S3eifpiet:
@in Sinb ift inng»
5)ie (gitern dnt§ SinbeS finb alt*
3?(^ gebe einem ^tnb ba^ ^ud).
3c^ t)erftef)e ein Ktnb fe{)r gnt.
Slufge^jafet! S)er SSater nnb bie SKntter finb bie (SItern eine^
^inbe^,
S)ie SItern nnb (bie) ^inber bilben eine gamilie*
S)er SSater ift ein aWann, aber bie 9Wntter ift eine
i^ran,
©er 58mber ift ein ^nabe, aber bie ©c^tDefter ift
ein aWcibd&en.
28 beginners' GERMAN
Sin ^inb ift cntrt)ebcr cin ^nabc, bcr ©ol^n; obcr
cin 9Kdbd^en, bie Xo^ttx.
2Bte biele S3ruber unb ®(^tt)cftern l^aben ©ie?
iBriibcr unb ©d^lDeftern [tub ©cfd^tDifter.
!Ser ©ruber meinc^ 2?atcr^ obcr meincr 5D?uttcr
ift mein OnfeL
©ie ©(^tDcfter mcine^ SSater^ obcr meincr 9Kutter
ift mcinc 2^antc.
Observe that the article, etc., is repeated when the nouns differ in
gender or in number.
Semen Ste (Sf)rc j[c^t bic Stitcn,
au^tuenbig: T)u bleibft ni(f)t ctDig ^inb;
®ic n)arcn, toa^ bu bift,
Unb bu tx)irft, toa^ ftc finb*
geljnte 2lufgabe
9Bic Dieic Sage f)at cin 9D?onat?
©in aKonat f)at 30 obcr 31 Sage.
9^cnnc ben Xiamen etne^ 9Konat^»
Sluguft ift bcr 9lame eine^ 9Wonat(e)^.
SBo tDaren ©ie t)ox einem 3)Jonat (ago)?
S?or einem 9Konat tdav id^ in bcr ©d^ule.
28ie Diele Jage bitben etnen 9Wonat? ,
30 obcr 31 Sage bilben cinen 9Wonat. |
Declension: ein Wflonat, Masculine Singular. \
Nominative ein 9}?onat
Genitive cine^ 9Wonat(c)^
Dative einem 9)Jonat(e)
Accusative einen 9Wonat
beginners' GERMAN 29
Decline: cin 2^anncnbaunt, cm ©d^iiler, cm 2t\)xtv, cin Slnfang,
tin ©taat, cin pfennig, cin gcicrtag, cin S3atcr, cin 5D?ann, cin
S3ruber, cin DnfcL
Sum SBcifpicl:
yietd 2)orf ift cttt Staai
S)ic Scute (i8ch)of)ncr) ctncig Staate^ l&ci^cn
SSiirgcr*
^n cincm ^iaait gibt c6 bide ©d^ulcn^
S)ie iBiirger bilben ctncn Staat
2)a^ bcrftcl^cn ©ie bod^?
23rat> fcin! ©ie miiffen brad fein, b. ^. (ha^ ^eifet) gut fcin^
What difference in the declension is there between
ber unb cin?
aSeitcr! SBie bide SBod^cn l^at ba^ ^a^r?
Jie ganse T)^^ cv^^^ ^^^ 52 SBoc^en.
*tittffc. gg.^ ^.^^^ 2:age ^at cin ^a^r?
(gin ^at)V f)at 365 Sage.
9Bie bide S^age finb aber in cincm ©d^altjal^r?
3n cincm ©d^altiaf)r finb 366 Sage. 1912 ift cin
©d^altjal^r.
SBie bide ©tunben l^at cin lag? (Sin 2^ag l^at
24 ©tunben.
28ir l^aben ie^t cine beutfd^e ©tunbe bon 10-11 Ul^r.
SSie bide SKinuten f)at cine ©tunbe?
(Sine ©tunbe l^at 60 2)?inuten.
25on 1-2 (bi^ jtt)ei) ift cine ©tunbe.
S?on 2-3 ift hjieber cine ©tunbe, unb fo tDcitcr.
@ine fialbc ©tunbe l^at 30 9JJinuten.
(Sine $8iertdftunbe ]f)at 15 9Kinuten.
(Sine aWinute f)at 60 ©efunben,
3lbieu! 2(uf 3Btcbcrfc^cn!
30
beginners' GERMAN
©uten
SWorgcn!
^errS.!
Scorer 5um
©chiller:
Scorer unb
tlaffe:
aScitct!
Piaffe!
€lfte 2lufgabe
3fefet ift e^ 9 Ufir. S)ie ®onnc fc^cint. (g^ ift
l^ctl (g^ ift friif), 2Bir f)aben j[e^t ben friil^en
aWorgen^ 9^ad^ bem 3)?orgen fommt ber S5or=
mittag. Urn 12 Uf)r ift e^ a^ittag. ©arauf
l^abcn h)ir ben 9Zad^tnittag, unb bann fommt
ber Slbenb. (2^ ift abenb^ nid^t fiell, fonbem
bunfel, unb e^ ift nid^t friil^, fonbem fpat» S)ie
yia(i)t folgt, unb bann tDirb e^ SKittemad^t*
S)er 9)Jorgen ift ber Often, unb ber Slbenb ift ber
SBeften, S)er 9Wittag ift ber ©ilben, unb bie
aWittemac^t ift ber 5yiorben»
Tlan rebet feine greunbe fo an:
®uten a«orgen! ®uten Jag! ®uten §lbenb!
®ute ma^tl
©a^ ift fitrjer aU: i^ tDiinfd^e ^l^nen guten Tlox-
gen ufrt)»
§aben ©ie ^opfmel^ (headache)?
@6 tut mir fef)r leib, ba^ ©ie ^opfmel^ fiaben*
^offentlid^ tDerben ©ie balb h)ieber gefunb^
fatten ©ie tior gtt)ei ^af)xtn ©eutfd^?
9iein, t)or gtDei 3^abren fiatte id^ fein ®eutfd&»
^aben ©ie fett jtDei aWonaten ©eutfd^?
3?an)of)I, feit gtDei aWonaten l^abe id^ S)eutfd^.
bu l^aft feit gtDei a)Zonaten ©eutfd^.
er (fie, e6) f)ai feit gtDei aWonaten ©eutfd^*
h)ir l^aben feit gtt)ei aWonaten ©eutfd^.
beginners' GERMAN 3 1
Stirrer sur il^r ^abi fcit gmei 9Wonaten S)cutf(i^*
Slaffe: @{e i^aben feit jtrei SWonaten ©eutfd^^
Sci^rer unb fie l^abcn feit itod Tlonakn !Deutfc^^
filaffe:
Conjugate the present of id^ ijaic in complete sentences.
E.g.
id) f)abt bic crftc Slufgabc, lt)ir l^abcn bie ferf)ftc Slufgabe,
if)r f)abt bie fiebte Slufgabe,
bu f)aft bie gttieite Slufgabe,
®ie {)aben bie a^U Slufgabe,
er ^at bie britte Slufgabe,
fie f)at bie t)ierte SlufQabe, fie l^aben bie neunte (stDanjigfte)
e^ (ba^ 5D?abd^en) ^at bie Slufgabe*
fiinfte Slufgabe,
Use similarly:
bie i^rage, bie 2lnth3ort, bie ?eftion, etc.
ba6 ©piel, ba^ SBort, ba6 Sud^, etc.
einen 2ef)rer, einen 25ater, einen geiertag, etc.
Is there a special progressive or emphatic verbal form in
German?
Does the present replace the future and the perfect at
times?
What is the diffierence in the use of abet and fottbettt?
Does fonbern mean "but on the contrary''? Illustrate.
E.g.
m ift frub, abet e^ ift bunfel
e^ ift nid^t frUb, f onbetn e^ ift fpat*
32
beginners' GERMAN
giDoIfte ^ufgabc
Sluf^jaffen! S)a^ ift einc Uf)r.
S)ie Uf)r ift runb, fie ift nic^t
Seigen Sic m§ alien bie U^r in ber Slaffe!
!Die ^Iaffenuf)r f)at st^ei 3^i9^^» Sin 3^tger ift
filr bie ©tunben, ber anbere filr bie 9Kinuten»
aSiediel Uf)r ift e^ jefet?
(g6 ift gegen jel^n Uf)r» 3ft e^ frlll^ ober fpcit?
Qn filnf 9Kinuten ift e^ fiinf $minuten nad^ 10.
3n 15 aWinuten ift e^ ein S3iertel nad^ 10 (Jll).
3n 30 aWinuten ift e6 ^alb elf.
3n 45 aWinuten ift e^ ein SSiertel t)or 11 (f 11).
S'n 50 90?innten ift e^ iei)n SKinuten t)or 11, etc.
^iPnnft f)alb brei ift nnfere ®(^ule au^.
Urn h)iet)iel U^r gel^en ©ie abenb^ jn S3ett?
9Bann ftel^en ©ie morgen^ auf ?
Q(i) ftel^e nm fieben Uf)r anf.
Um tDiebiel ]Xi)V gef)en ©ie am ©onntag in bie
^irc^e?
§aben ©ie jn ^aufe eine Ul^r?
SBiet)ieI ift f t)on 100?
i Don 100 = 20, 1 Don 100 = 40, | Don 100 = 60.
i Don 120 = 20, 20 X 6 = 120.
f (gloei ©rittel) Don 1800 = 1200; -| Don 1800 =
600, 1 finb 1200; nfto.
Semen Sie
bie^ aui^s
hjenbig:
^^ fann ftel^en,
©i^en, gel^en.
SBenn ic^ miibe bin,
Sege i($ mid^ f)in.
beginners' GERMAN 33
©inb ©ic milbe unb nid^t frifd^?
3)a6 ift fc^abc. @^ tut mir Icib, ba^ ©ic tnilbc
finb!
Piaffe! ©ic miiffcn gcrabc fi^cn, nic frumtn!
©erabe ift fo bid lx)ic aufrcd^t^ ^onncn ©ic nid)t
gcrabc [i^cn?
9lcl^tncn ©ic 3l^rc Xa\<i)mu()v, unb' fagcn ©ic
mir, iDic bide S^^Q^^ ^i^^ Safd^cnul^r l^at!
iffiofiir ift bcr brittc cS^tgcr?
9Ba^ gcigt bicfcr S^W^ (^^)?
3ft cine 3:afd^cnul^r bidf obcr bllnn?
aSic ift cine SBanbu^r?
Unfcrc ^laffenul^r ift cine 2Banbuf)r, tocil fie an
bcr SBanb f)angt.
Sine 2af(f)enuf)r ift cine Vit)v filr bic Safd^c*
Take a railroad time-table and have the pupils read the
various trains as to their leaving and arriving!
Railroad ficifet auf beutfd^ bic Sifcnbal^n; train
l^cifet auf bcutfc^ bcr SM-
3-^* ®^^ ^^fte Sm ^^^ Srooflijn gcl^t urn 6
Vii)V bon yim 2)orf ab; bcr jtbcitc S^i ^cid^
93rooflt)n gcf)t urn 6:15 bon 9^eh) 2)orf ab, etc.
SBann fommt bcr erfte Sm tn 9lctt) 2)orf an? etc.
aWit tDcId^cm Sm tbcrben ©ic fal^rcn?
^d) tDcrbe mit bem Ic^tcn Sm ftxfircn, (g^ ift
ntir cinerlei (c6 ntad^t mir nid^t^ au^), tDcnn
td^ fpdt nad^ ^aufc fommc.
^a^ tut SBa^ l^cifet ba^ auf cnglifd^? Ubcrfc^en ©ic ben
ttit^t^! @^^ i^g (gnglifd^c! — SBortc bilbcn cincn ©afe.
34
BEGINNERS GERMAN
Piaffe!
Sefircr:
Secret unb
tiaffe:
ren Sic:
Q^ toctbe morgen hm ^ug nefimcn;
bu toirft morgen ben S^Q nefimen;
er toxxi morgen ben 3ug nel^men;
iDir tt^erben morgen ben S^Q nefimen;
' il^r njerbct morgen btn 3ug nefimen;
®ie tocrben morgen ben S^^ nef)men;
fie toerbctt morgen btn 3ug nef)men»
id^ loerbe ba^ Sieb ftngen,
id^ h)erbe ben ©afe fpred^en,
id^ tDerbe bte Slnfgabe lemen,
id^ h)erbe in bie ^ird^e gel^en,
id^ tDerbe einen frol^en ©onntag l^aben,
id^ tDerbe baranf toetten.
233o l^aben totr barouf njettcn nnb froi^cn Sonntag
gel^abt?
Drd3cljnte 2lufgabe
Slaffe! SBie diele gippen f)aben toir?
2Bir f)aben jtrei Sippen, bie Unterlippe unb bie
Oberlippe.
©inb bie Sippen rot ober blau ober griln?
S)ie 2\pptn finb rot,
SBeld^e^ ift bie garbe ber ?ippen?
S)ie garbe ber Stppen ift rot,
SBa^ tun tviv mit ben ?ippen?
9Kit ben Sippen pfeifen n)ir.
aSeiterl 2Bie biete ginger f)aben toir?
SBir t)aben sei^n fjinger jufammen. J)a^ ift ber
Heine ginger!
beginners' GERMAN 35
©inb bie ginger bid ober bilnn?
2)ie Singer finb bilnn*
SBeld^e^ ift bie gorm ber ginger?
S)ie gorm ber finger ift mnb, nid^t edtg*
2Sa^ tnt man mit ben gingem?
ajJit ben fjtngem filfiU man*
Slc^tung! SBie t)iele ^al^ne f)aben ©ie? S)er ^al^n ift fpi^
nnb \(i)ax\, nic^t ftnmpf*
9Bir l^aben jn)eiunbbrei6ig SS^ne*
SBie finb bie 38^^^/ f^^^f *>^^^ ftnmpf?
SBa^ ift bie Slufgabe ber 3^^)^^?
;j)ie Slufgabe ber Sft^ne ift jn beifeen unb gu fauen*
233a^ tnn mir mit htn 3af)nen?
9Kit ben 3S^«^^ beifeen nnb fanen h)ir*
?tufge»jaf|t! Sllfe 9K(inner, granen unb ^inber l^aben glDei
Slugen*
Tlit ben Slugen fel^en tt)iv. SBir atte tiaben aud^
gtDei Ofiren*
ajtit ben O^ren f)6ren ^ir* ®a6 Singe unb ha^
O^r finb nil^Iid^*
SBir l^aben eine 92afe* 9)Jit ber 5yjafe ried^t man*
S)ie SStugen, bie Ol^ren unb bie 9iafe finb im ®t^
fic^t*
SDtit btn jefin gingem an ben itod ^cinben fill^Ien
tDir*
®ie^ ift bie red^te §anb, unb ba^ ift bie linfe
§anb*
9}Jit ber ^anb fd^reiben h)ir*
SBir l^aben aud^ gmei 93eine unb itdd gllfee*
9Kit ben 58einen unb glifeen gel^en h)ir* J)a6 ift
ba^ red^te S3ein, unb bie6 ift ber linfe gufe*
36 beginners' GERMAN
SBir leden bic Sippen mit bcr S^^i^*
9Wit bem 9)?unbc (mit ber ©titnme) fprec^en n^ir*
2Bir l^aben ami) jtDci Slrme. S)cr 5lrm ift ba^
©lieb ober ein ©lieb,
S)ic Slrme unb bie 33eme fxnb ©licben
Sllle ©lieber bilben ben .Sorper*
SBir l^aben aud^ eineu ^opf. 2luf bem ^opf [tub
k)iclc ^aare,
S)a^ ^aav l^at t)ielc garben*
Sluf bem ^opfe tragen lr)ir eitien ^ut»
3ln ben giifeen tragen tDir ©triimpfe unb ©d^uf)C*
S)er ©d^uf) ift bid, aber ber ©trumpf ift biinn*
Declension in the Plural (bie Sippe, ber ginger, ber B^fin).
Nom. bie Sippen bie ginger bie 3^^ne
Gen.
ber ?ippen
ber ginger
ber cS^^^e
Dat.
ben ?ippen
itn gingem
ben ^Ci\)ntn
Ace,
bie ?ippen
bie ginger
bie 3til^ne
Decline in the plural like bie Sippe in complete sentences:
bie Hufgabe, bie gran, bie Sefirerin, bie ©d^iilerin, bie 2Bo(f)e, bie
Slume, bie ©d^ule, bie ^ird^e, bie garbe, bie U^r, bie 5Hafe, bie
3unge.
Of what gender are these nouns?
Are their stem-vowels a, o, u ever modified (Umlaut) in
the plural?
How are masculine nouns ending in -e inflected? E.g. ber
^nabe.
The -(e)n declension is called the weak declension of
noims.
All other nouns that do not take the ending -(e)n in the
plural (or in the genitive singular) are said to follow the
strong declension.
BEGINNERS' GERMAN 37
Decline in the plural like ber finger:
(a) ber ^orpcr, bcr aSintcr, ber ©ommcr, ber ©driller, ber
?ef)rer, ber Onfcl; ba^ 9Wabd^en, ba;^ graulein;
(b) with Umlaut (a, o, il):
ber 33ater, ber ©ruber, ber ©arten;
bie abutter and bie Jod^ter,
Do these nouns take an additional ending to form the
plural?
What did you notice about the dative plural of all nouns?
1^. How many feminine nouns are in this class?
What are the nominative singular endings of all these
nouns?
Decline in the plural like ber S^il^*
(a) without Umlaut:
ber 2lrm, ber ©c^ul^, (ber gt^eunb), ber Xaq;
ia^ Sdi)x; ba6 ©piel, ba^ 33ein.
1^ (b) with Umlaut (bie B^i^ne):
K^ ber ©ol^n, ber gufe, ber ^opl ber §ut, ber ©trutnpf;
H^ bie §anb, bie ^a^t, bie SBanb, bie Suft,
|p Most of the nound that take the ending -e in the nomina-
tive plural are of what gender?
Are the nominative, genitive, and accusative plural
always the same with any noun?
Do English nouns ever form the plural by Umlaut? Illus-
trate.
Give the principal parts of nouns as follows: bie ?ippe, ber
?ippe, bie Sippen; ber ginger, be^ ginger^, bie ginger, etc.
38 beginners' GERMAN
t)ter3ctjnte 5Iufgabc
Slttftjaffen! 5E3te l^etfeen biefe beiben ^tnber?
2)te Stnbcr Iieifeen ^an6 unb gri^^
SBeld^e^ finb bie 9^amen bcr ^inbcr?
©ie 9laTnen bet ^inbcr finb $an6 unb grUj»
2Ber ftef)t bei ben ^inbem?
2)er Sefirer ftel)t bei ben ^nbern^
SBer fiel^t unb l^ort bie ^inber?
SBir fel^en unb f)oren bie ^nber*
Declension of ia^ ^inb in the Plural.
Nominative
bie f inber
Genitive
ber ^inber
Dative
ben ^inbem
Accusative
bie ^inber
Decline in the plural like ba^ ^inb in complete sentences:
ba6 Sieb, ba^ ®Iieb; ba^ S3ud^, ba^ S3Iatt, ba^ ©prid^toort (bie
SSiid^er, etc.); bet 2)?ann.
What is the gender of most nouns taking -er in the nom-
inative plural?
Are the stem-vowels a, 0, u always modified in the plural
of these nouns?
NOTE
S)iefe^ ^inb ift ein ^nabe.
®er Snabe fieifet ^arl.
35er 9lame be^ Snaben ift tarl
3d^ gebe bem Snaben ein 93ud^.
SBir feF)en ben Snaben oft.
S)iefe Snaben finb nteine ©driller.
beginners' GERMAN 39
In what way do the masculine nouns of the weak declen-
sion differ from the feminine nouns?
3f(^tung! S)ie 9)?anncr einc^ (Biaatt^ ftnb btc SBiirger,
I 3)ie Staatctt 9^ett) 2)orf unb 9ten) ^erfeij Itcgcn im
Often t)on §lmerifa»
Sic garbe be;^ 3tugc^ t[t oft blau^
^ic Stttgen ftnb im ©eftd^t.
S)tc Slufgabc be;^ O^rc^ ift gu I)6ren*
SBir l^aben gtDei Di^ren,
Why should these three nouns be said to follow the so-
called mixed declension?
\
B.
^flnfjcl^nte Zlufgabe
(Review)
Classify all nouns into:
The -n class (Weak declension. No Umlaut).
(1) the iV<7-ending class 1 ,^,
(2)the -e class declension).
(3) the -cr class (always Umlaut) J
C. -(c)^ genitive singular; -(e)n nominative plural (Mixed
declension).
SBicbcrtjolung ber ganjen S)eHination ber ^anpt^
tDorter mlinblid^ nnb fc^riftlid^!
SSamm l^eifeen Nouns anf beutfc^ ^anpttDorter?
c3* ^* it^ f)tibe gtDei 8ip|)cn,
bn fiaft gefin ginger,
er f)at 32 S^^xit,
40 beginners' GERMAN
ftc (c^) fiat t)ter Sild^cr;
n}ir f)abcn fiinf Sd^rcrinncn,
tl^r ^aht fcc^6 ?e]^rer,
©tc l^aben jtDct S^fe^^
ftc ^ahtn ftarfc ®Iicbcr»
SScrtDanbeln ®ic (Change) ben ©ingular in htn
plural in bicfcn ©a^en (bic (Singal^l in bie
id& f)abc einc S^afe,
bu l^aft einen SBruber,
cr l^at cinen 2op\,
fie (e6) f)at ein Sieb*
S* S* SBir fiaben (gtDei 5Rafen) 9?afen uftt).
®ibt e^ einen ^Inrd t)on „ein, eine, ein"?
SJJan fann folgenben *ipinral gebrand^en:
Nominative einige
Genitive einiger
Z>a/iz;e einigen
Accusative einige
SBeanttDorten ©ie bie folgenben gragen:
SBomit fefien n)ir?
SBomit l^oren irir?
SBomit ried^en n)ir?
SBontit fnt)Ien tx)ir?
SBomit fc^meden iDir?
SBomit gel^en tdxx?
SBomit fpred^en toir?
SBontit beifeen n)ir?
aiBomit fd^reiben njir?
beginners' GERMAN 4I
SBeld^c^ ift bie garbc obcr bie gorm obcr bic 3<J^I
bcr Sippen?
ber i5to9^i^?
ber 3^^^^?
berS3ll(^er?
Semen ®ie 9Kit ben Hugen tann id^ fel^en,
bie^ au^^ gjjit ben glifeen fann id^ gef)en,
tt>enbifl: ^^.^ ^^^ §anben fann ic^ greifen,
9Kit bent 9Kunbe fann i(| pfeifen;
9)}it ben Ot)ren fann id^ f)oren
®nte ©prlid^e, treife Setiren*
©reifen l^eifet fiil^Ien, l^alten.
S)er aWnnb ift mnb, trenn man pfeift*
S)er Bpvud) fommt t)on fpred^en.
Supply the missing endings or words in: ^txi-
^nabe l^at ein- runben ^opf mit ein- furjen
^aU (ber §al^, neck), (gr l^at ein- red^ten
2lmt nnb ein- linfen 2lmi, and^ — red^te^
S3ein nnb — linfe^ S3ein» (Sr fiat gt^ei §anbe
mit jel^n — . (gr l^at gtoei blane — , glDei gnte
O — , ein- fleine 91 — nnb fd^one S — ♦
What case do these prepositions always
govern :
ntit, na^, bet,
Don, su, aui^,
feit nnb aufter? Illustrate.
E.g.
SBir gel&en na^ bem SBeften ju nnferen grennben*
42 BEGINNERS' GERMAN
5ed?3eljnte 2lufgabe
®utcn SBcId^er Jag ift ^eute?
t§ S^ncn? €>^iitc ift S)onner^tag, bcr 23» JZoDember 191 L
aSie ficpn- !Der n)iet)ieltc ift t)cute?
ben Sie ft^?
©Vte^cn !5)cr breiunbjlDangigfte 9?ot)etnbcr*
Sie ieutHc(|:gfjennen ©ie ba^ fieutige ©atxtm nod^ einmal!
SBeld^e^ Saturn iDar geftem?
SBeld^e^ Saturn iDirb morgen fein?
SBeld^e^ Saturn l^aben iDtr l^eute?
§cute l^aben tDir ben breiunbjlDanjigften 9Jot), 1911
SBcId^e^ Saturn l^atten rt)tr geftem (gel^abt) ?
SBeld^e^ Saturn tDerben h)ir morgen f)aben? etc.
SBann ift ^^r ©eburt^tag?
9)?ein ©eburt^tag ift am jel^nten 3<itiuar»
Sin treld^em Sage l^aben ©ie ^l^ren ©eburt^tag?
SBann ift SBaf^ington^ ©eburt^tag?
SBann ift gincoto ©eburt^tag?
©eben ©ie bie rid^tige 3lnttt)ort in brei ©a^en
(ber, ben, am) !
SJBann beginnt ber SBinter?
SBann beginnt ber griil^Iing? uftD*
SBann ift 2Seif)nad&ten?
2ln tDeld^em Sage ift Sleuial^r?
9Kan tDllnfd^t feinen greunben „®lMli^e^ 9?eu^
ial^r'' ober „^rofit ^tniai)x" unb ,,grof)li(^e
SBeif)nad^ten,"
SBeld^er Sag ift ber 9?ationaIfeiertag in Slmerifa?
SSeld^er Sag ift ber 9?ationaIfeiertag in Seutfc^^
lanb?
I
beginners' GERMAN 43
SJBann ^abtn ©ie frci, obcr tt)ann ^dbtn ®te gcrien?
©eben ®ic, bitte, ha^ genaue !S)atum an!
NOTE
PRETERIT PRESENT FUTURE
gcftem l^cute morgen
ti3ar ift n)trb ( ) fein
WitttdOii), S)onner^tag, S^^itag,
ber 22, 5«ot), 191L bcr 23. 5Rot). 191L bcr 24, 9lot), [fein],
©eftern §eute SKorgen
l^attcn h)ir ( ) [gel^abt] f)aben tt)ir n)crbenn)ir( )^aben
9Kittlt)od^, 2)onner^tag, S^^itag,
ben22,9lot)a911[ge^a6t], bcn23.5«ot), 191L ben24,5«ot).[{)a6en].
Where are infinitives and (perfect) past participles placed
in German? Illustrate. Are they inflected as verbal nouns?
Steb3et^nte 2lufgabe
Stufgevafft! 2Btr tooUtn cin ncue^ ©ebtd^t lemen:
^tc 2onUx
@tn ®ebt(3^t, ba^ man ftngcn fann, l^etfet cin ?teb*
^d^ h)erbe bie erftc ©tropl^c be^ Stebe^ langfam
tjorfprec^en, fo ha^ ©ie mid^ berftel^en fonncn:
3c^ ^eife ntd^t, tt)a^ foC e^ bebeuten,
S)a6 id^ fo traurig bin;
(Sin 5D?ftrd^en an^ alten 3^tten,
S)a6 fontnxt ntir nid^t an^ bem ©inn*
©ic guft ift m% nnb e^ bunfett,
Unb rul^ig flicfet ber SJl^ein;
®cr ©ipfel be^ S3ergc^ fnnfelt
^m 5lbenbfonncnfd^cin»
44 beginners' GERMAN
SBcId^e SBorter fcnncn ®tc, unb n)o ftnb fie bor*
gcfommen?
SBeld^e SSorter fennen ©ic nid^t?
S)ie SBorter: bcbeuten, ba^ 2)?ar(^en, vnt)iQ, bcr
©ipfel, ber S3erg, funfelt^
iBebcuten fieifet fo t)iel tt)te: fagen, l^eifeen*
9Kan fagt: 2Ba^ foil ba^ bebeuten, ober tDa^ foil
ba^ l&eifeen? SSa^ tDolIen ®ic bantit fagcn?
(Sin SKard^en ift eine ©efd^id^te, eine Segenbc*
9?ur)ig bebeutet ftill.
S)ic gorclei fi^t auf cinem SBerg (cf. English:
ice- J^g) .
!Dcr ©ipfel be6 93erge^ ift: f)0(^ oben auf bem S3erge»
S)cr gufe be^ S3erge^ ift: unten am (an bem) SBerge*
(g^ funfelt l^eifet: e^ fd^eint, e^ glifeert*
9Ba^ ift ba^ ©egenteil Don: traurig?
SBo l^aben ©ie e^ gelemt?
28a6 fonnen ©ie fiir „e^ bunfelt" fagen?
2)er 9Jf)ein fliefet mf)ig* (gr ift ein glufe, ein
©trom*
S)er aWiffiffippi ift aud^ ein glufe, aber er fliefet
f(^nelt.
SSerftel^en ©ie je^t aKe^?
©e^en ©ie bie le^ten glDei 3^W^^ ^^^ Sorelei in
ben "ipiural!
3fefet iDoIten h)ir ha^ Sieb, bie Sorelei, ober bie erfte
©tropl^e be^ Siebe6 ftngen!
2Bie biele Sieber l^aben tt)ir fd^on au^menbig ge^^
lemt?
©ingen ©ie D SEannenBoum nod^ einmal!
entail 3d^ ^erbe ^f)nen bie erfte ©tropfie be^ neuen gie^
be^ biftieren!
BEGINNERS GERMAN 45
%d^imqlA ^cinrtc^ ^cine ^at ha^ fci^onc ?icb, btc Sorelet,
gcfc^rieben ober gebid^tet. (gr ift bcr ©tester
be6 fd^onen ©ebtd^te^. ^einrid^ ^einc tDurbe
im ^al^re 1797 geboren unb ift im ^af)re 1856
gcftorben. (Sr lebte alfo t)on 1797 bi^ 1856 unb
tDurbe faft 59 ^afire alt, S)ie Sorelei ift ein^
fciticr fd^onften unb bcften ©ebic^tc, @^ ift
fd^oner unb bcffer al^ Diele feiner Sieber*
ffrarjen unb Wxttooxtcn
S* S* SSBer f)at bic Sorelei gebid^tet? ufto*
NOTE
er f)at ba^ ©ebid^t gcbid^tet, aber
cr ift inx ^ai)xt 1856 geftorben.
What kind of verb is bid^tcn? And ftcrbctt?
Are they both transitive verbs? Note auxiliaries.
Where is the negative nid^t placed?
2ld?t3eljnte 2tufgabe
Sctcn Sic §cute toerben tt)ir ba6 Sieb, bie ?oreIei, becnben
aufmcrfs ^^^^ beenbigen!
^d) h)erbe Qf)nm ha^ 2)?ctrd^en bon ber Sorelei cr^
gal^Ien*
iBeenbigen fommt bon @nbc. Seenbiguttg fieifet
tttda^ beenbigen,
((Sr)jaf)Ien fommt t)on 3<i^I» ©rjcil&Iung l^eifet
ettda^ erjcifilen,
SBa^ ift bie SBieber^oIung?
2{Ifo: ©ie Sorelei ift nad^ ber Segenbe ein fd^one^ "ifflab^
d^en mit golbnem ^aar, ©ie fifet oben auf
Slttftttcrfs
iatn fein!
46 beginners' GERMAN
"^ cinetn Serge ant dt^dn. Unten flie^t ber ^^Ii^fe
[ef)r ftarf jtDifc^en l^of)en gelfen (rocks). 3)ie
Sorelei f)at bli^enbe S'utDelen unb l^at eitien gol-
benen ^amm in ber §anb, iDonttt fie if)r golb^
ne^ ^aar fdmntt^ ©ie fingt ein tDnnberbotle^
Sieb mit ntcid^tiger 3)?eIobie* @in ©c^iffer in
feinem fleinen ©(^iffe, in einent ©c^iffc^en, l^ort
ba^ 8ieb nnb \itf)t iu ber [c^onen Sorelei entpor
(l^inanf)* (£r fief)t nnr fie altein an, nnb fo ger^
fd^ellt (jerbrid^t) fein S3oot an bem gelfen* ©0
ftirbt ber ©c^iffer in ben SBelten be6 dt^tin^.
Sie glDeite ©tropl^e t)on !J>ie Soreici lantet:
S)ie fc^onfte ^ungfran fi^et
Sort oben tDnnberbar,
Q^v golbne^ ©efd^nteibe bli^et,
©ie fcimmt if)r golbene^ ^aar.
©ie fammt e^ mit golbenem ^amme
Unb fingt ein Sieb babei,
©a^ ]^at eine tDnnberfame,
©elDaltige SKelobei^
2Ba^ fonnen ©ie ftatt bte f^i)nfte Su«9ftau fagen?
SBa^ fonnen©ie ftatt t^r goIbne)^@efd|meibe fagen?
2Ba^ fonnen ©ie ftatt bli^et fagen?
2Ba^ fonnen ©ie ftatt gettjalttge SWebbei fagen?
©ingen ©ie bie jttieite ©tropl^e!
ad^ttttig! S)ie britte nnb le^te ©tropf)e lantet fo:
©en ©d^iffer im fleinen ©d^iffe
(grgreift e^ mit n)ilbem 2Bel^;
@r fd^ant nid^t bie gelfenriffe,
@r fd^ant nnr f)inanf in bie §o]&»
beginners' GERMAN 47
^^ gtaubc, bic SBellen t)erf(^nn9cn
Sim Snbe ©d^iffer unb ^a{)n;
Unb ba6 f)at mit i{)rem ©ingcn
S)ie Sorelet gctan.
S)er ©d^iffer l^at alfo ©el^nfud^t (longing).
(gr frfiaut tft [o t)iel h)ie?
2Ba^ fonnen ®ie fageti anftatt: bie SBellen \)tx^
fd^Iingen am @nbe ©d^iffer unb ^af)n?
SBe^Iialb [tirbt ber ©c^iffer?
©ingen ©ie bie lefete ©tropt)c ber gorelei!
^teffc! Unfere Slufgabe fllr morgen ift:
©te gorelei gans au^tDenbig gu lernen unb fd^reiben
gu fijunen*
Heun3eljnte 2lufgabe
Stt^tung! 9Ba^ I)aben ©te ha liegen?
2)a6 tft etn Sud^.
^[t e^ 3^r 93u(^?
Sa, e^,ift mein 33ud^.
3ft e^ ein §eft?
SJldn, e^ ift fein §eft, fonbem ein 33ud^*
3d^ fe^e l^ier au^ ein iBilb, unb bort finb fed^^
genfter.
!J)a6 papier barf aber nid^t l^erumliegen!
^etr XA ©tefien ©ie auf !
©agen ©ie: id^ ftel^e auf*
©ie finb grofe, be^l^alb fage id^: ©tel&cn ©ie auf!
Sn einem ^inbe fage id&: fteK^) (^^U
3u ^inbem fage id&: ftel&t auf!
48
beginners' GERMAN
yitf)mtn ©ic, bittc, ^^v 55ud^!
^6) ncl^mc mcin $8uci&.
^ffnen ®ic Q\)v Sud^, ober madden Sic 3i&r S8u^
auf!
3(^ offnc mein 93ud^ ober mad^e mcin Sud^ auf,
©d^Iicfeen Sie icijt 3i&t^ Sud^, ober mad&en@ie 3fltr
«uc^ Su!
^d^ fd^Iiefee ieijt mein 58ud^ ober mad^e mein $8ud&
in.
Scgcn ©ic 3f)r S8ud^ f)in ober tDcg!
3d^ lege mein iBud^ f)in.
©el^n ©ie ftd^! (33Ieiben ©ie ftel^en!)
©ie tnuffen fagen: id^ felje mid^*
5)a^ iDar nid^t iibel, ba^ tt>av gut! 3d^ mufe ©ie
loben (praise)!
3ft 3^r «ud^ griln, blau ober rot?
aWein 35ud^ ift rot.
SBeld^e^ ift bie garbe 3^re^ SBud^e^?
J)ie garbe meine6 iBud^e^ ift rot.
©inb diele ©eiten in 3f)rem S8ud^(e)?
3^an)of)I, in meinem 58ud^ finb t)iele ©eiten.
3eigen ©ie mir ^i)v iBud^!
3^ geige ^i^neti mein Sud^»
fjraulein ©ie l^aben ein fd^one^ ^leib an. SSeld^e garbe f)at
21*' S^r^Ieib?
2)a§ toar ^n ein paar ©tunben mufe e^ beffer gefien!
ntd^t^!
Q^ ift nid^t n)ie unaufmerffam ©ie fein fonnen!
5U glauben,
8tuf|iaf|en! id^ offne mein 35ud&,
^anfe
fd^on!
I^tduletn
3!
BEGINNERS GERMAN
49
I
Scorer:
bu offncft bcin S3ud^,
Scl^rer unb
' cr offnct fcin ^Vi6),
«Iaffc:
ftc offnet if)r 33u(^,
. c^ offnet fein 53u(^;
n)ir offnctt unfere SBiic^cr,
' t^r offnet eure Silc^cr,
©ie offnen 3^re Slicker,
fie offnen if)re SBiic^er,
JlonjuQte^ id^ fd^Iiefee mein genfter;
ren Sie afic {^ ^^^^ ^ein ^eft nic^t anf^
Sufammen:
einmal!
Sege ic^ mein papier f)in?
^i) \)aht mein ^leib an;
\6) ftelle mein S3ilb nid^t toeg (ftellen l^eifet legen).
©d^reiben ®ie biefe ^onjngationen gn ^anfe!
3c^ lege ie^t mein i8nd^ l^in!
SBer legt je^t fein SBuc^ f)in?
SBa^ legft bn jefet ^in?
SSol^in legt if)r jefet enre SBiid^er?
SBann legen ®ie ^\)xt S3iid^er f)in?
SJSie n3erben fein unb mein, bein, fein, unfer, euer,
i^t befliniert?
SBarum nennt man fie @in=9Borter?
aSeld^e^ finb bie (Snbungen be^ ^rdfen^?
NOTE
Can an adverb separate the inflected form of the predicate
from its subject in German?
Is it possible in English?
Illustrate your assertion.
50
beginners' GERMAN
Hufgcjiafet! 2Ba^ fef)en ©ie ba?
^\t e^ einc Jafcl ober tint ^arte?
3)a^ ift eine 2afel, fcinc ^axtt.
J)ic lafel i)ti^t aud^ bie SBanbtafel, tDcil ftc an bcr
SBanb ift.
5)ic ^artc l^etfet aud^ bie SBanbfartc,
SBarum ficifet fie fo?
©tel^en ©ie auf!
3d& ftel^e auf.
3)u ftef)ft auf uflD.
©el^en ©ie fc^nelt an bie 2^afel!
^^ Qt^t fd^netl an bie SafeL
2)u gel^ft fd^nelt an bie Safel uftD.
9fef)men ©ie bie ^reibe ober ein ©tiid ^reibe in
bie §anb!
^c^ nel^me fd^netl bie ^reibe in bie §anb»
SBie ift bie treibe?
3^ ft fie h)eife ober fd^toarj?
^it ^reibe ift toeife, aber bie Sinte (ink) ift
fc^tuara.
3ft bie Safe! n^eife?
9iein, bie lafel ift nid^t toeife, fonbem fc^h)arg.
©d^reiben ©ie an bie Safel bie Xux (door) !
^i) fd^reibe an bie Jafel bie Xnt.
3)u fd^reibft ufto.
ffraulein
«taffe:
aiaffe:
Slaffe!
SBeiter
fpttfa^ren!
?efen ©ie, toa^ an ber lafel ftel^t!
ilBir lefen, h)a^ an ber Safel ftel^t*
beginners' GERMAN
SI
gcgcn @ic bic ^rctbc tDicbcr l^in!
Qii) lege bic ^rcibc tDiebcr ^n.
tiaffc! bu Icgft uftD*
Scenbigcn!
Slaffe:
9((^tung!
©cl^en ®ic in ^l^re Sanf!
^'(^ gel^c in mcine Sdant
bu geMt in beinc S3ant,
cr gcl^t in feinc 93anf,
fie gcf)t in itirc 58anf,
. e^ gef)t in fcine 58anf ;
n)ir gcl^en in unfere S3(infc,
' if)r gcf)t in cure 93(infe,
®ie gcl^cn in 3ff)tc SSanfe,
fie gcl^cn in if)re SBfinfe^
©cf)cn ®ie bort bic ©tange?
!Die ©tange ftc^t in eincr (gdfe biefer ©tube.
SSic t)icle (gden I)at bic ©tube?
IJrttuleitt ©e^en ©ie fid^!
9i.! 3f(^ feljc mid).
Sei^rer irab
bu fefe(ef)t Wdj,
Piaffe;
cr fe^t m,
fie feijt ft.^,
i eg fefet ft(^,
tt)ir fe^en uttS,
^" ' J
il^r fc^t md),
r \
®te fe^en flci^,
'■
fie fet^en fid).
; ^enr «.! SBie befinben ©ie fid^ l^cute, gut ober fd^Ied&t?
^^ befinbe mid^ n)ol)l unb gut*
52
BEGINNERS GERMAN
Slaffc!
Sertig
mac^en!
Slaffe!
SBeitcr!
^err».!
©d^iitct:
?5erttg
madjtnl
Sel^rer:
S((^tung!
Setter unb
filaffc:
bu bcftnbcft bid^ ufm*
5iif)Ien ©ic ftd^ ftarf obcr fd^n)ac|?
Qd) fiifile tnid^ ftarf;
bxi fuf)Ift bid^ ftarf uftD.
©a6 ift bic Jlir.
5)ic Jilr ift ie^t p.
©tcl^en ©ic auf, unb madden ©te bie Xixv auf, bcnn
bic 8uft ift fd^Icd^t.
©agen ©ic iebc^mal, tDa^ ©ic tun!
id^ ftcl^c auf,
td^ gcl^c an bie Jiir^
S)ie Siir ift jefet ju;
id^ mad^e fie auf^
^d^ gel^e (h)ieber) juriidf in meine33anf unb fe^e rnic^*
bu ftel^ft auf ufrt).
^lopfen ©ie an bie Jiir!
3d^ ffopfe an bie Xixv.
©ann fage id^: ,,^erein!
O! ©ie finb e^?''
?fef)men ©ie 3^re geber! 9Kan fd&reibt mit (ber)
geber unb Jinte.
id^ net)me meine S^ber,
bu nintmft beine geber,
r er nimmt feine i^^ber,
j fie nimmt il^re geber,
I e^ nimmt feine geber;
n)ir nel^men unfere gebem ufn)»
S&o l^aben n)ir nimm gef)abt?
f
beginners' GERMAN S3
Secret: ©pred^en ©ie ®eutfd&?
ttaffc unb id^ fpred^c ©eutfd^,
Secret: bu fpric^ft ©eutfc^,
er fprid^t J)cutf(^ ufm.
Note the change of root-vowel c into i (ic) in the second and third
singular present.
Sonjugic* i^ gebc il^m mein Sdu^, bu gibft ♦ ♦ ♦
rctt ®ie: t^^ lefe meine ®efc^i(^te, bu licft . . .
id^ fcl^c mein iBilb, bu ficl^ft . . .
©ie miiffen alle^ miinblid^ unb fd^rtftlid^ madden!
(£tnunb3tt)an3igfte 2lufgabe
Stufgc^jafet! ®a^ ift bcr Xtfd^.
S)a^ ift ein Sifd^.
(g^ ift mein Sifd^^
3ft e^ ein ©d^ranf ?
9?ein, e^ ift fein ©d^ranf, fonbem ein 2ifd^»
9Bie ift bie gorm be^ Jifd^e^?
3ft er runb ober edEig?
S)ie gotm be^ Jifd^e^ ift edfig.
Q^ fifee an bem Sifd^ unb auf bem ©tul^L
SBo filje id^?
©ie fi^en an bem Sifd^ unb auf bem ©tul^L
SBol^in fe^e id^ mid^ {e^t?
©ie fe^en fid^ ie^t an ben Jifd^ unb auf ben ©tul^I*
Sluf^jaffen! S)a^ ift ber Sleiftift!
aSa^ ift bie garbe meine^ S3Ieiftift^?
©run, blau, rot, gelb?
©d^tDarg, njeife, braun ober gran?
2Bo liegt mein SBIeiftift?
54
beginners' GERMAN
3^r SBIeiftift liegt auf bent Xi\d).
SBofiin lege id^ meincn SBIciftift?
©ic Icgen ^^vm 53Ieiftift auf ben Xi\(S).
^\t biefer S3leiftift meincr obcr bcr fcine obcr bcr
!5)iefer SBIeiftift ift bcr meine unb nid^t ^Iircr*
NOTE
What is the difference between the possessive adjectives
and the possessive pronouns?
5Paffen ®ie ®cr Xi\^ ift f)od^, aber ber ©tuf)I ift nicbrig.
^wf* !Dcr 3:ifd^ ift nal^c bei mir, aber bcr ©d^ranf ift
fern (meit ah) t)on mir^
^ft ber ©d^tiiffel im ©d^ranf ?
©el^en ©ie f)ier ben SBifd^er unb bort btn ^orb?
9Kit bem SBifd^er tdi\d)tn h)ir bie 3:afel ab.
@in fold^er ^orb fieifet aud^ ein *iPapierforb, tDcil e^
ein ^orb fiir ba^ papier ift»
3« etnem
©rfjiilet:
Center unb
Slaffe:
aSotft^t!
Sragen ©ie ben fd^hjcren ^orb bor ben ©d&ranf !
id^ trage ben ^orb t)or ben ©d^ranf,
bu trSgft ben ^orb t)or ben ©d^ranf,
cr (fie, e^) triigt ben ^orb tior ben ©d^ranf;
n)ir tragen bie ^orbe Dor bie ©durante,
il^r tragt bie ^orbe bor bie ©d^rcinfe,
©ie tragen bie ^orbe t)or bie ©d^rcinfc^
fie tragen bie ^orbe t)or bie ©d^ranfe^
SBo ftef)t ber ^orb iefet?
S)er ^orb ftef)t {eljt t)or bent ©d^rant
fatten ©ie btn ^orb Jointer ben ©tuf)!!
3fd^ i^alte ben ^orb f)inter btn ©tuf)L
BEGINNERS GERMAN
55
P
aSettetr bu f)Slt\t ben ^orb I)mter ben ©tul^l,
|t?ff<^J cr (ftc, e^) l^alt ben «orb Winter bm ©tul&I;
£? maS' tDtr fatten bie «orbe Winter bie ^mu uftD.
* SBo ift ber torb je^t?
3efet ift ber ^orb l^tnter bem ®tnf)L
©el^en ©te tDteber auf ^i)xtn ^la^!
Q^ Qttjt iDieber anf meinen ^Ia^»
3ltte, tueiter! bu gel^ft n)ieber auf belnen *ipiafe,
[ er gel^t tt)ieber auf feinen ^lai},
\ fie gelit tDieber auf if)ren "ipia^,
I e^ gefit toieber auf feinen ^la^;
n)ir gel^en tDieber auf unfere ^la^e uftu^
©e^en ®ie fid^ auf 3f)ren ^la^!
S'd^ fe^e mid^ auf meinen ^la^,
Slaffe! bu fei5(ef)t bid^ auf beinen ^lafe uftD* '
Sfertig
tnae^en! j^q^j.
Which two verbal forms may be used as imperatives?
Observe the change of root-vowel a into ft in the second and third
singular present.
Sonjugics
ten ®ie:
id^ h)afd^e mir ba^ §aax (bie ^aare),
bu rt)afd^(ef)t bir ba^ §aar,
' er tDafd^t fid^ ba^ §aar,
fie iDcifd^t fid^ ba^ ^aar,
. e^ tDafd^t fid^ ba^ ^aar;
tdix tDafd^en un^ bie §aare (ba^ §aar),
il^r tDafd^t eud^ bie ^aare,
©ie iDafd^en fid^ bie ^aare,
fie tDafd^en fid^ bie ^aare*
^ottiugieren ©ie in berfelben SBeife miinblid^ unb fd^riftlid^:
id^ n)afd^e mir ben ^opf uftt).
id^ fd^lafe gut in meinem Sett ufiD*
56 beginners' GERMAN
@rgaf)Icn ®tc erft, unb bann fd^rcibcn ©ic, tioa^
®ie am Jage tun!
SBann ftef)en @te auf, tDafc^en ©te [td^, effen ©le,
gel^en ©ie in btc ©d^ulc, fomtnen ©ie nad^
^aufe, arbeiten unb fpielen ©ie, gel^en ©ie ju
Sett?
SBann gefien ©ie in bie ^ird^e?
2Ba^ tun ©ie, um ba^ papier aufjul^eben?
^d^ ftel^e auf, id^ trete au^ ber S8anf, id^ berlaffe
meinen ^lafe, id^ bMt mid^, id^ f)ebe ba^ papier
auf, ^d) rid^te mid^ auf, id^ gel^e auf meinen
*ipia^, id^ trete in bie S3anf, id^ fe^e mid^.
Soniugteren ®ie bie^ gu gnbe miinblid^ unb fd^riftlid^!
NOTE
What is the only true reflexive pronoun?
With what person is it used?
Is it declinable?
Are t^ and ba^ variable as indefinite subjects?
Can you now decline the personal pronouns?
Singular
ist Person
2d Person
3d Person
MASCULINE
FEMININE
NEUTEI
Norn, id)
bu er
fie
e^
Gen. meiner
beiner feiner
il^rer
feiner
Dat. mir
bir if)m
i^r
ii^m
Ace, mid^
bid^ it)n
Plural
fie
e^
Nom. tDtr
if)r (©ie)
fie
Gen. unfer
euer (3f)ren)
il)rer
Dat. un^
eud& (3f)nen)
i^nen
Ace. un^
cud^ (©ie)
fie
I
BEGINNERS GERMAN 57
gtt)etunb3ir)an3igfte 2lufgabc
®inb altc ba ober fef)It iemanb?
Slber tDcr iDeife, tDie auf engli[d^ l^ei^t: 3Sa^ fctilt 3f^txcn?
iiberfefeen ©ic biefe i^vaQt in^ (Sngtifd^Cv
Uttfcr S^ulsimmcr
Unfcr ©d^uljtmmer beftnbet ftc^ im ©d^ull^au^* (£^ l^at
Diet SSanbe, einen gufeboben unb eine 3)e(fe» S)er gufeboben
t[t unter un^, btc ©ede iiber un^, 2ln htn SBanben befinben
ftd^ btc SEafeIn, bie be^f)alb aud^ iffiatibtafeln fieifecn, §ln ben
SBanbeti l^angcn aud^ 93ilber» 25or ber ^Ia[[e ftel^t ha^ ^ult
be^ Sef)rer^» ®a6 ©d^uljimmer l^at eine Siir nnb fiinf gen^
fter, 2ln ber linfen @ette ftnb bie genfter, an ber rec^ten ift
bie Xixv. S)ie Xixx fiil^rt anf ben ®ang. ©a^ gid^t fommt in
ha^ Simmtv Don linf^, nid^t Don red^t^* 9Bir fef)en ben
^immel nnb bie SBoIfen bnrd^ bie genfter. Unfer ©d^nljim^
mer ift bieredig^
SBa^ fiir ©ad^en ober ©egenftctnbe fel^en toir in
unferm ©d^nlgimmer?
3^ifd^en meld^en 3^^^^^ ift ^^\^^ ®d^nt==
jimmer?
5yieben ttield^em ^i^ttter ift nnfer ©d^nljimmer?
3ft bie J)ede oben ober nnten?
SBo ift ber gupoben?
SBarum finb bie genfter anf ber linfen ©eite ber
©d^nlftnbe?
$D?an fann beffer lefen, tDenn ba^ Sid^t t)on linf^
fomntt*
(g^ ift beffer fiir bie Slngen*
58 beginners' GERMAN
2Ba^ fel^en h)ir burd^ bie gcnftcr?
SaSic fonnen tt)ir \tatt unfer S^utsimmcr fagcn?
SBa^ fiir ein 3tTnmer tft ein ©d^ulgimmcr?
(Sin ©d^uljimmer ift ein ^i^tncr in bcr ©d^ule
fiir bie ©d^liler.
®ef)en ®ie {e^t in bie ©d^nle?
3^an)of)I, id^ gel^e je^t in bie ©d^nle*
2Ba^ fiir ein 53oben ift ein gnpoben?
Sin gnpoben ift ber Sgoben nnter ben giifeen*
2Sa^ fiir ein ^orb ift ber ^apierforb?
S33a^ fiir ein Xu^ ift ba^ Safd^entnd^?
giir bie {Q^vc) 9Zafe fiaben ©ie ein Jafd^entud^ in
ber Safd^e,
2Ba6 fiir eine Xafel ift bie SBanbtafel?
!J)ie SBanbtafel ift eine Jafel an ber SBanb.
SBa^ fiir eine U^r ift bie 9Banbnf)r?
aSo ift bie tlaffennf)r?
9Ba^ fiir ein SSef) ift ha^ ^opfh)ef)? ^atinlDe^?
SBa^ fiir ein «nd^ ift ba^ Silberbnd^?
@^ ift ein iBnd^ mit S3ilbem,
2Ba^ fiir eine 3^it ift bie ©ontmerjeit?
!I)ie ©ommerjeit ift bie 3^it be^ ©omnter^^
2Ba6 fiir eine 3^tt ift bie SBinterjeit? ^erbftjeit?
grii^Iing^Seit?
2Bo l^aben h)ir Sutttmerseit gef)abt?
SBa^ fiir ein dimmer ift ein Sabejimmer?
Sin S3abejimmer ift ein ^i^^^^ i^^ 33aben*
SBa^ fiir ein dimmer ift ein SBol^ngimmer?
(©ie tDol^nen in 3^l^rem ^anfeO
aSa^ fiir ein 3itnmer ift benn ein d^iimmtx?
iffio finb ©ie jefet?
3d^ bin iefet in meinem ©d^ulsimmer^
beginners' GERMAN 59
fiDitjugie^ S)u bift jefet in beinem ©d&ulsttnmcr uftt).
ten Sic ba^ ©e^eti ©ie bie SSefd^reibung unfere^ ©d^uljim^
®ie bic Srft munblid^, bann fd^riftlid^!
fion|uga:= 33ef($reiben ©ie '^iix ©d^uljimrtter, ober gebcn ©ic
^^"* un^ eine Sefd^reibung bon S^retn ©c^uljimmer;
t)on 3f)tem 2Bof)njimmer;
bon 3f)rem (gfejimmcr;
bon -3i^t:em 58abegimmcr!
9JaturIi(j^ immer miinblic^ unb [(^riftlid^!
NOTE
What can you say of compound nouns?
E.g.
Which factor (component) determines their gender and
their declension?
Which component has the accent?
How does the first component affect the meaning of the
compound noun?
When do the prepositions
an, auf, l^intcr, tiebeti, in,
uber, untcr, t>ox unb smif^en
take the Dative? Do you ask where or whereto?
When do these prepositions take the Accusative?
SBie fragen ©ie: SBo ober tt)ot)in? Illustrate.
From now on encourage the students to ask questions on
the reading texts, so as to stimulate their natural interest
and curiosity and to develop their power of expression.
6o beginners' GERMAN
Dreiunb3rr)an3tgfte 2lufgabe
ijortfc^ung t)on „Unfcr Sc^ulsimmcr"
3n unfcrcr Piaffe finb iefet nod^ 16 ©driller, b. !)♦ ^naben
obcr S'ungen, unb 28 ©d^ulerinnen, h. ^. Syjabd^en, alfo ju^
famnten 44 ©driller. 2Bir flatten guerft 49 ©d^iiler unb
©d^iilcrinnen, SBir [tfecn anf 33anfen, metften^ gtDci auf einer
S3anf» 2Bir i)abm t)iele 33ud^er t)or un^, aber fein S3u(^ ift
offen, todl tDir ganj aufmerffam ftnb. S)ie Sel^rerin ober
einc Sefirerin lel^rt un^ je^t SDeutfc^, SBir ©d^iilcr unb ©c^ii^^
lerinnen lernen ie^t J)eut[d^ in ber ©d^ule* SSor itod ^af)vtn
l^atten tt)ir nod^ fein S)eutfd^» SBir lernen ©eutfd^ berftel^en,
fpred^en, fd^reiben unb aud^ lefen, tioa^ bie ^auptfad^e ift* 2Bir
fonnen aud^ beutfd^ gal^Ien, red^nen unb fingen* SBir fd^reiben
gelDol^nlid^ mit iBIeiftift, aber mand^mal aud^ mit geber unb
linte* 2lm ©onnabenb unb ©onntag l^aben tt)iv immer
frei^
©agen ©ie, t^ie biele ©driller unb ©d^iilerinnen in
3^f)rer eignen Piaffe finb!
^aben ©ie einen beutfd^en Sel^rer ober eine beutfd^e
?el^rerin?
28ann l^atten ©ie nod^ fein S)eutfc^?
S?or einem -3af)re l^atte id^ nod^ fein ©eutfd^*
Sci^rcr unb S)u l^attcft t)or einem S'cifire nod^ fein S)eutfd^,
Piaffe: ^r (fie, e^) f)atte bor einem S'al^re nod^ fein
S)eutf(^;
tt)iv ^atitn t)or einem ^al^re nod^ fein S)eutfd^,
ii)v ^atUt dor einem ^al^re nod^ fein 3)eutfd^,
©ie l^atten t)or einem Qai)xt nod^ fein ©eutfd^,
fie flatten dor einem ^ctfire nod^ fein S)eutfd^,
beginners' GERMAN 6l
^oniuqit' 3^ Icrntc t)or einem 3a()xc nod^ fcin ©cutfc^ uftD/,
ren Sic [^ ^attc mein Sud^ bet mir,
id^ tnac^te bic erftc Slufgabe,
bu mad^teft bie gtueitc Slufgabc uftD*
Conjugate similarly in full sentences:
legen, ftellcn, setgen, leJ^rctX; fagcn, gcil^Icn, rcd^ncn,
offnen*
NOTE
What are the endings in the preterit?
SBa^ ltt)xt ®te bcr englifd^e Sef)rer?
aSa^ Icf)rt ®ie bcr franjofifd^e ?ef)rer?
9Ba^ Ie]f)rt ©ie ber gried^tfd^e ?ef)rcr?
aSa^ Ict)rt ©ie bcr latcinifd^c !2cf)rcr?
9Bic t)iclc ©d^iilcr unb ©d^iilcrinncn finb in S^rcr cngltfd^cn
SIa[fc? ufm.
9n 3)cutfd^Ianb tDol^ncn ©cutfd^c, bic 3)cutfd^ fprcd^cn*
3n (Snglanb tDol^ncti Snglcinbcr, bic Snglifd^ fprcd^cn*
3n granfrctc^ n)of)ncn gransofcn, bic grangofifd^ fprcd^cn*
3n Slmcrifa ti3o{)ncn Slmcrifancr, bic — fprcd^cn.
Change the last four sentences into the singular!
E.g:
3n Scutfd^Ianb tt)o^nt bcr ©cutfd^c, bcr ©cutfc^ fprid^t ufm*
What is the force of the adjective-ending -ifd^?
62 beginners' GERMAN
Pierunb3tt)an3tgfte 2lufgabe
Unfcr Sc^ut^au^
Unfer ^laffenjimmer liegt in bem ©d^ulfiau^^ Unfcr ®(|nl^
]()an^ l^at t)iele ©d^uljtmmer, SSenn tt)ix au^ nnferem ©d^n(=
dimmer gef)en, fomnten iDtr auf ben ®ang ober ginr* Unfer
@ang ift lang nnb breit, nid^t hirj unb fd^maL cS^oIf ©(^ul=
jimmer Itegen an unferem ®ange. 2lud^ iiber unb unter un^
liegen nod^ t)tele ©d^ulftnben. Ol^ne biefe l^atten tDtr ntd^t
fienug ^ta^ filr unfere ©d^ulfinber* Unfer ©d^ull^au^ ^at
fiinf ©todiDerfe ober ©efd^offe* SBenn tDir burc^ bie ^au^tiir
in ba^ ©d^ulf)an^ treten, fo fommen tvix in ba^ grbgefd^ofe.
SBenn tDir eine 2:reppe f)od^ fteigen, fo fommen n)ir in ben erften
©tod. 2Bir finb glDei 3:reppen f)od^, alfo int jmeiten ©todf.
3ebe6 ©todflDerf l^at mef)rere ^laffenjimnxer. Sine Sreppe
fiil^rt Don einem ©efd^ofe in ba^ anbere. 3:ief unten ift ber
teller ntit ^of)Ien, ^ols unb anberen ©ad^en. §oc^ oben ift
ber 93oben, ilber bem ftd^ ba^ S)ad^ befinbet. !Da^ S)ad^ ift
ber oberfte Seil be^ $>aufe^. @^ f)at eine braune garbe»
Sefd^reiben ©ie S^r ©d^ulf)au^!
2Bie Diele ©d^ulaintmer l^at e^?
SBie t)iele ©todfn)erfe?
SBelc^e garbe?
3eigen ©ie mir ben ®ang!
©dottier: Id^ aeige ^i^tien (bir) ben ©ang. 3^d& geigte hen
®ang.
Setter: bu jeigteft mir ben ®ang,
ataffe: er geigte if)m ben ©ang,
fie seigte il^r ben ®ang;
n)ir jeigten eud^ bie ©cinge,
beginners' GERMAN
63
xtjx gcigtct un6 bic ®&nQt,
ftc gcigtcn tfincn bic ©ftnflc*
SBemanbeln ©tc bicfc ®(i^e, tnilnblt(3^ unb fc^rtft^
Ii(^, in ben plural bc6 3'tnperfe!tg (preterit) :
3ebe^ ©todfmcrf l^at mel^rere ^laffengimmcr*
Sine SJreppe fiil^rt bon eincnt ©efd^ofe nad^ bcm
anberen* —
2Ba^ milffen ©ic tun, um biefcn S3rief fiir mici^
bent ^erm ©ircftor (Principal) ju iibcr=^
bringcn? ^d^ ftel^c auf,
id^ t)erlaffe meinen ^la^,
td^ gel^e an ba6 Sef)rcrt3ult,
td& nef)me ben 53rief,
id) gel^e an bie 2ilr,
id^ offne bie Xuv,
td^ fd^Iiege fie,
id^ gel^e burd^ ben ®ang be6 oBeren glurS,
id^ gel^e bie Sreppe f)inunter,
id^ tDenbe mid^ nad^ red^t6,
id^ bleibe t)or htm ©ireftorjimmer ftel^en,
id^ Hopfe an* —
@in.©d^uler h)irb gum ©ircftor emannt:
S)ircltor:
herein!
(B^nUn
®uten Sag, §err J)ireftor!
©ircltot:
a3Ba6 n)oIIen ©ie?
Sc^iiler:
3d& bitte um 33ergeil^ung.
3d& bringe ^l^nen biefen Srief t)on ^erm 3£*
2)trcItDr:
3n tt)el(^er Piaffe ift ^err X. jefet?
S^iiler:
Sr ift in feinem 3ii^^^^*
2)ircltot:
©riifeen ©ie il^n Don mir!
64 beginners' GERMAN
©d^iiter: 3?^ banfe fefir, Slbicu, ^err ©ircftor!
Describe similarly the pupil's return to class
with final dialogue between the teacher
and the pupil,
NOTE
Which case do the following prepositions always take:
gegen, urn?
Form sentences for each preposition to illustrate its use.
E.g.
3d^ {)olte mein 33ud^ fiir i^n;
h)ir f)oIten unfere 33uci)er fiir fie.
SBenn vi) tf)n fd^ide (fcnbe), um mir mein 33u(^ ju bringen, bann
l^olt er tnein 93u(^.
SBo f)aben tDir jpfien getemt?
Sottiugtercn ©ic munblic^ unb fd^riftlid^:
id^ f)abe ba^ SBort Qclemt,
bu t)aft ba^ SBort Qclemt,
er (fie, e^) ):jai ha^ SBort gelemt;
ttjir {)aben bie SBorter gelemt ufm»
td^ l^atte ba^ SBort gelemt,
bu {)atteft ba^ 9Bort gelemt,
er (fie, e^) f)atte ba^ SBort gelemt ufto.
beginners' GERMAN 65
5unfunb3tt)an3igfte 2tufgabe
Uttferc S^ulc
Unfere ©d^ule Itcgt an ber ^auptftrafee unb l^eifet Washing-
ton High School. @te ift nad^ bem SSater unfere^ ?anbe^ he^
nannt* ©te ift im ^at}xt 1895 erbaut, fo bafe ftc alfo fd^on 16
^a^re ftef)t ©ie f)at jefet 29 «Ia[[en unb sa^It ettca 1050
©d^iiler nnb ©d^iilerinnen* Sin U)v untcrrtd^ten aufeer bcni
©ircftor nod^ 18 Sel^rer unb 24 8ef)rerinnen^ S)ie ©d^ule ift
gegen 100 gufe lang* SSor ber ©d^ule ift cin fd^oner grilner
9tafenpla^* Winter ber ©d^ule befinben fid^ glDei ©d^ull^ofe
ober ©pielplci^e* ®er eine ift filr bie 9K(ibd^en, ber anbere fiir
bie ^naben* Sinige 33aume unb ^flanjen, bie SBIumen tragen,
gieren ben ^of*
58efd^reiben ©ie S^ftc ©d^ule!
SBo liegt 3f)re ©(^ule?
2Sa^ ift ber 5«ame unb ba^ Sitter ^firer ©d^ule?
2Sie ftarf ift bie ©d^iiler= unb bie 8e]^rerjaf)l?
aSie lang ift ^lire ©d^ule?
SBa^ befinbet fid^ urn 3^f)re ©d^ule?
2Bo l^aben toiv JBaum gelemt?
Unfere ©d&ule ift nid^t flein^ ©ie ift nid^t fo gtof;
tote t)iele anbere ©d^ulen*
Unfere ©d^ule ift tdofjl Reiner al^ ntand^e ©d^ulen;
fie ift aber nid^t bie Heinfte ©d^ule in ber
©tabt
NOTE
How are the comparative and superlative formed in Eng-
lish? And how in German?
Illustrate the comparison by using in sentences:
66 beginners' GERMAN
tDantt
reid^ Won
Mt
arm liafelid^
fleifeig
lang aufmcrffam
faul
furs unaufmertfam
3.S.
3)ic Jafic
im 9Wai finb oft toarm*
J)ic Jagc
im 3uni finb n^firmcr.
®ic lage
im 3uli finb bic hjSrmften.
£)ber:
35ic Same mar fo teic^ gefkibct tt)ie t)ielc ®amen»
3cnc S)ame mar rcic^er al^ biefe gefleibet^
3ene Same mar am rcic^ftcn gefleibet.
Is there any difference between the adjective and the ad-
verb in the positive and comparative degrees?
What is the difference in the superlative?
When is mic used, and where is ali^ used?
E.g.
@r i)l fo groff hitc id^; abcr
(Sr ift grower aU id^» Give further examples.
5ed?sunb3tt)an3tgfte 2lufgabe
SBer l^ungrig ift, alfo hunger f)at, ifet, @^ f)ungert i^n»
233er burftig ift, alfo ©urft ^at, trinft. (S^ bilrftet i^n. 2Bir
cffen bie ©uppe mit eitiem SoffeL
©a^ gleifc^ jerfc^neibet man mit bem 9Wcffer unb i^t e^ mit
bcr ©abeL ©en ^affee trinft man au^ einer 3:affe, b. ^. man
trinft eine Saffe ^affee. ®a^ SBaffer unb bte 2)?il($ trinfen mir
au^ einem ®Iafe, b, f). mir trinfen ein ®ta^ SBaffer ober 9WiId^.
beginners' GERMAN 67
!Da6 !5)tcnftTn(ibd&en fommt au^ bcr ^ild^c unb bccft ben
2:i[d^ mit einem Jifd^tud^* !Dann ftelft c^ bie 2:el{er auf bm
Zi\(i). ^a^ bem @[fen bleibt man bci gcnxiltlid^er Untcrfial^
tung nod^ ettDa^ ft^en^
Ser ©eutfd^e fagt: ^^nngcr ift ber bcftc ^od^»"
SBarum fagt er ba^?
SBomit e[[en tr)ir?
9Borau^ trtnfen mir?
SBorauf ftellt ba^ mnWn bie Jelter?
©tellen ®ie gragen iiber bie ©egenftcinbe auf bem
mm
©d^reiben ©ie baruber!
28a6 ift ber Unterfd^ieb gtt)ifd^en einem ®Ia^ SBaf:=
fer nnb einem SBaffergla^?
(gin ®Ia^ SBaffer ift ein ®M \)oU SBaffer, aber
ein aSaffergla^ ift ein &M filr SBaffer (jum
SBaffertrinfen)^
2Ba^ ift ber Unterfd^ieb jlDifd^en:
®Ia^ mil6^ nnb ^milc^gla^?
Jaffe taffee unb ^affeetaffe?
goffel ©uppe unb ©uppenloffel?
Soniugte* Id^ effe gleifd^ gem,
ten ©ie: i)^ i^t gleifc^ gem ufrt).
Substitute pronouns for nouns in the following sentences.
E.g.
9Bir effen bie ©uppe mit einem 85ffel, becomes:
SBir effen fie bamit*
SOtan gerfd^neibet ba^ gleifd^ mit bem 5D?effer, becomes what?
Wflan ifet ba^ gleifd^ mit ber ®abel, becomes what?
^an trinft ben Saffee au6 einer Jaffe, becomes:
2)?an trinft ii)n barau^.
68 beginners' GERMAN
2Ba« toirb au^:
2Bir trinten ba6 SBaffer au6 cincm ©lafc?
SBir trinfen bie 2)?i(d& au6 eitiem ®(afe?
S)a^ ©ienftmab(i^en becft ben 2:if(^ mit eincrtt Xn6)?
S)a^ S)tenftinab(i^cn ftetlt bie 2^elter auf ben Xi\i), becomes:
@^ ober fie ftettt fie barauf*
NOTE
Are the indefinite pronouns man, eth)a^, nid^t^, ein paar in-
declinable?
Of what gender are infinitives used as nouns?
What is the agreement of personal pronouns in the third
person with nouns to which they refer?
When are the so-called adverbial compounds used (ba +/
h)0+)?
Do they refer to things or to persons?
Do these compound expressions exist in English?
Illustrate.
Semen ®ie ^^, n)a^ gar tft (gefod^t),
au^menbig: ^^nf, m^ ttav ift,
©prid^, toa^ tt)ai)v ift! —
SBa^ finb bie ©egenteile Don gar, Har, tt)af)x?
cSur 2Beif)na(^t^jeit unb befonber^ am 2Bei{)nac^t^^
abenb fingen bie ©eutfd^en ein fd^one^ ?ieb*
^d^ mxht Qi)mn nur bie erfte ®trop{)e babon
geben. 9Wan fie^t e^ oft aU SSoIf^Iieb an:
©tine ^ac^t, ^eilige ?Ja($t!
Silted fd^Iaft, einfam tt)aii)t
9lur ba^ traute, l^od^fieilige ^aar»
^olber ^nabe im lodfigen ^aar,
©d^Iaf in f)immlifd^er dlui),
©d^Iaf in f)immlifd^er dtui)l
beginners' GERMAN 69
SBtr iDoHen ba^ Sieb au^tDenbig Icmen unb aud)
ftngen!
tiberfe^en ©ie ba6 8ieb!
NOTE
bcr ^nabe bie ^Jad^t ba^ §aar
t)oIber Snabe ftiltc 5>ta(^t lodtQej^ §aar
bic 9tul)e
{)imTnlifc^c $Kut)e
How is an adjective declined when it takes the place of
the definite article?
What are the various endings for the singular and plural?
Decline the above in full.
This adjective declension is called the strong declension.
Why?
5iebenunb3tDan3tgfte ^lufgabe
3c^ iDcrbe 3f)nen eine ©efd^ic^te erjaf)Ien mit bem Xittl:
jpta^rcgctt
^n ber ©d^ulftube toav e^ in ber le^tett ©tunbe fef)r bunfeL
S)er ^immel faf) burc^ bie genfter tx)ie eine fd^tnarggrane SBanb.
^anm tDaren tdiv au^ ber ©d^ule, fo liefen tDvc anf bie ©trafee,
benn nnfer l^ef)rer f)atte gefagt: „5D?a(^t, bafe tf)r nad^ ^anfe
fommt!" Stber ba mitten tm ?anfen iiber ben Tlaxtt befam
t(^ jn)ei btcJe 9Jegentropfen gerabe auf bie 9^afe! 3d^ mnfete
lant lac^en, 2lber ha^ tDaren nnr bie erften S^ropfen getDefen.
^lo^Iic^ fiel eine 99?enge, alte grofe nnb bidf nnb Warm iiber
meinen ^opf, meine §lmte, meine ^leiber* Stite Seute began^
nen jn laufen, unb id^ lief mit* ®er Stegen fam in ©tromen,
70 beginners' GERMAN
unb id^ fal^ fcincn ^lalj, tt)o id) mid^ unterftelfen fonnte^ ^16^-
lid^ fatn ein l^ellcr, gelber ©onncnftraf)! jtDifd^en ben [c^tDarjen
SBoIfen l^ert)or, fd^aute liber bie naffe ®trafee unb — lad^te bie
naffen ?eute au^»
i«ac§3lfc grapan.
^taqtn
!J)unfeIte e^ in bent ©d^uljinimer, ober n)ar e^
l^ell?
SBie \df) ber ^intmel au^?
©ingen bie ^inber langfanx au^ ber ©d^ule, ober
rannten fie auf bie ©trafee?
SBarunx lief en fie?
SBa^ fiir 3tegentropfen befant ber ©c^iiler anf bie
5«afe?
Sffiar ber $Regen fd^trad^ ober ftarf ? SBie ftarf ?
S33o iDurbe ber ©driller benn na^?
SBa^ fam aber auf einntal au^ htn SBoIfen?
Unb ma^ gefd^al^ bann?
SBar bie ©trafee nafe ober trodfen?
SBieberl^oIen ©ie bie ©efd^id^te miinblid^!
9Kad^en ©ie {e^t ^^vt Sild^er auf, unb lefen ©ie
bie ©efd^id^te!
Piaffe: SBir madden unfere SBild^er auf unb lefen bie ®e==
fd^id^te.
©d^reiben ©ie nun bie Srjal^Iung an bie 2:afel!
SSerbeffem ©ie ba^ Slngefd^riebene! (Slu^loifd^en!)
3fe^t toerbe id^ S'l^nen bie ganje ©efd^id^te biftieren!
NOTE
Change the tenses throughout the story into the present.
Do you see any difference between the preterits?
BEGINNERS' GERMAN 7 1
c6 wax cr fal^ ic^ licf i^ tarn
and
c^ fiattc er lemtc i^ gcifltc x^ lad^te?
Do the latter have a tense-ending?
And the former?
^i) fa^ is said to be a ^/r(?wg verb,
id^ lerntc is said to be a weak verb. Why?
Are the so-called regular verbs weak?
And the so-called irregular verbs strong?
Are the verbs that modify the stem-vowel a into ix and c
into i(tc) in the second and third singular present, strong or
weak verbs?
Is there any similarity between English and German as to
the conjugation of verbs?
We conjugate:
id) tvat in mcincr ©c^ule, h^ir njaren in unfcrcn ©c^ulen,
ii)x mart in euren ©c^ulen,
bu marft in bciner ©d^nle,
©ic njaren in 3I)ren ©c^nlen,
f cr njar in feincr ©d^ulc,
I fie ttjar in if)rer ©c^ulc, ftc toavcn in if)ren ©d^ulcn*
i e^ mar in feiner ©d^nlc,
Conjugate all the other strong verbs of the story in the
preterit, orally and in writing.
Do you see any difference in the past participle between
the weak and the strong verbs?
E.g.
S)er ?cf)rcr fiatte gcfagt; and
ba^ tDarcn bic erften Jropfcn gctDcfcn.
Does the past participle with both classes of verbs have a
prefix, called augment?
What is it? Is it accented? Is it a part of speech?
72 beginners' GERMAN
Do the pure, coordinating conjunctions:
unb, after, fDnbern, obcr, benn
cause any change of word-order in a sentence?
Give illustrations, orally and in writing.
Do the other conjunctions affect the order of words?
How?
E.g.
SBir liefen auf bte ©trafee, benn ber ?ef)rer l^atte e^ gefagt; but
toxx liefen auf bie ©trage, totxl ber ?et)rer e^ gefagt ^atte*
2ld?tunb5rt)an3tgfte 2lufgabe
(Review)
§eute tDerbe id^ ^l^nen eine einfa($e ©efd^ic^te erjal^Ien, bie
ber ©id^ter ®oetf)e in etnem giebe beftngt: Sine Heine 9Jofe, etn
9J6^Ietn, ftanb auf ber §eibe. ©a^ SJo^Iein tuar jung unb fo
fd^on tuie ber frifd^e $D^orgen, (gin J?na&e fal^ ha% 9?o6lein.
(£r tt)ar tuilb, unb fo lief er fd^nell, benn er tuollte "ta^ Sto^-
lein bred^en* 3)ie Eletne 9?ofe aber tuefirte ftd^ unb ftad^ il^n.
3)od^ ber tDilbe ^nabe brad^ ha^ 9io^Iein tro^bent* Slrnie^
3)a6 ©ebid^t f)et6t ^etbcnroj^Ietn.
S)te erfte ©tropl^e lautet folgenbermafeen:
!♦ ©al^ ein ^nab^ ein SJo^Iein ftel^n,
9to^Iein auf ber ^eiben,
SBar fo jung unb morgenfd^on,
8ief er fd^nell, e6 nal^^ gu fel^n,
©al^'^ ntit t)telen greuben^
^o^Iein, 9Jo^Iein, $Ro^Iein rot,
SJo^kin auf ber ^eiben*
BEGINNERS GERMAN 73
!Dic ^etbe l^etfet auf englifd^ the heath.
©agen @ie: ba^ 9to^Iein [tel^t auf ber ^eiben?
2Ba^ fonnen ©te ftatt er fall unb er Ucf fagen?
©al^ ber ^nabe ba^ SJo^c^en gem?
SBar ha^ dtMdn fd^on ober l^afelid^?
©e^en ©te bie erfte ©tropfie biefe^ Siebe^ in rid^-
tige ^rofa!
S3erfte]^en ©ie nun bie erfte ©tropl^e ganj?
S)ann h)otten n^ir fie fingen!
3)ie sniiette ©troptie ift, lt)ie folgt:
2. ^nabe fprad^: id) bred^e bid^,
9t6^Iein auf ber ^eiben!
9?o^Iein fprad^: id^ fted^e bid^,
©a^ bu etDig benfft an mid^,
Unb id^ tDiir^ nid^t leiben^
ato^Iein, dtMein, dlMdn rot,
Jto^lein auf ber §eiben.
Q:toxq i)d^t: auf immer*
Seibcn ift l^ier ba^felbe h3ie laffen*
3fft bie^ "iProfa-SBortftellung: bafe bu elDig benfft
an mid^?
®enft ber ^nabe baran, bafe ba^ 3io^Iein fterben
mufe?
^onjugieren ©ie:
id^ bred^e ba^ 9to^Iein,
bu brid^ft ha^ JKo^Iein,
er (fie, e^) brid^t ba^ JRo^Iein;
tDir bred^en bie JRo^Iein uftt)^
74 beginners' GERMAN
@6cnfo:
id^ ftcd^c ben ^naitn.
SSerftc^en ®ic bic jlDcitc ©tropl^c bc6 ®cbi(|tc^r
®ann fingen toir ben jtceiten 25er^ babon!
Unb nun fommt bie britte unb le^te ©tropl^e:
3^ Unb ber tDiIbe ^nabe bvai)
^^ dtMdn auf ber ^eiben*
dtMdn m^xtt ftd^ unb ftad^,
§alf i^m boii) Inn 2Bef| unb 2ld^,
SKufet^ e^ eben leiben^
dlMdn, dtMdn, dtMdn rot,
8?6^lem auf ber ^dhtn.
aSa^ tat ber tnabe mit bent dtMdn?
Siefe ft(^ ba^ dtMdn ba^ ruf)ig gef alien?
^alf tf)m aber fein ^lagen ettDa^?
Xat bem ^naben ba6 Sto^Iein nid^t leib?
SSerftel^en ®ie jefet bie le^te ©tropfie?
!Dann tDoHen n)ir fie aud^ fingen!
aWorgen ntliffen ©ie bie erfte ©tropl^e au^menbig
h)iffen, unb iibemiorgen nxiiffen ©ie ba^ ganje
?ieb au6n)enbig h)iffen unb e^ aud^ an bie Jafel
fd^reiben fonnen!
©oetl^e, ber grofete S)id^ter !Deutfd&Ianb^ unb einer
ber beften S)id^ter ber ganjen SBelt, f)at biefe^
?ieb „^eibenro^Iein'' gebid^tet, ®oetf)e tDurbe
im ^a^vt 1749 in granffurt am 9Wain geboren
unb ift erft im Qai)xe 1832 geftorben* (gr lebte
alfo t)on 1749 bi^ 1832 unb tDurbe beina^e 83
3^al^re alt» S'eber S)eutfd^e fennt ha^ „^eiben==
beginners' GERMAN 75
ro^Iciti." @^ ift cinfad^ unb fcfir Ici($t ju
\)tx\ttt)tn.
S)cr grofec beutfc^c 3)id^tcr ©driller ift setin Satire
[pater al^ ©oetl^e geboren, tDdl^renb ber grofee
granjofe, 9^apoIeon I. (ber (grfte), stDanjig 3a{)re
fpciter aU ®oetf)e jur SBelt fam»
SBann ftnb baf)er ©driller unb 9tapoIeon I* ge^
boren?
SJBer i[t ber ciltefie bon ben brei beriil^mten 9Wan^
nern?
SBer ift ber iiingfte?
2Bar ©d^itter {linger ober alter aU ©oetl^e?
SBar 9^apoIeon L ebenfo alt tDie ©driller?
NOTE
Make a list of all the strong verbs in this lesson.
neununb3ipan3tgfte 2lufgabe
$eute tDerbe id^ ^i^tien eine turje Slnefbote t)ortragen:
©bcltnann unb ©artner
(gin Sbelntann befud^te ^(il^renb grower ©ommerf)i^e feinen
©arten* (gr ging barin fpajieren unb befal^ bie t)ielen bliil^enben
S3Iunten unb ha^ 9Baffer, ba^ burd^ feinen ^arf, feinen 28alb,
flofe* ©a fanb er hm ©ctrtner, n)eld^er feinen §errn nid^t er^
h)artet l^atte, unter einem 93aume fd^Iafen, cS^rnig ging er
auf if)n lo^ unb rief: ,,©d^urfe! S)u liegft f)ier, anftatt gu ar-
beiten; bu berbienft nid^t, bafe bid^ bie ©onne befd^eint!" 5)er
©artner anttDortete ru^ig: „^(i) tDeife ba6, mein ^err; be^l^alb
l^abe id^ mid^ in htn ©d^atten gelegt*"
76 beginners' GERMAN
SScrftcl^en ®te bte[e Slnefbote?
SBeld^e SBorter finb Q^ntn unbefannt?
S)cutfd^Ianb f)at iBiirger unb @bcKcutc» ©ic
Seute don l^ol^er ®eburt f)ei6en (Sbelleute* 3^^
Slmerifa gibt e^ feine Sbelleute*
3*>nitg iieifet (irgerlid^ unb ift ein ©egentetl bon
ruliig.
SBo fiaben lt)ir JRui^ gelernt? Unb tDo ru^tg?
2Bo l^aben mir f^tafcn gef)abt?
SBo bie ©ottue unb i^ njctft? 2Bo SB lumen?
i^ragen
2Ber befud^tc einmal feinen ®arten, b. 1^. trer ging
einmal in feinen ©arten?
3Ba^ tat ber gbelmann?
SSann ging er in feinen ©arten?
SBol^in ging er iDcifirenb grower ©ommerl^ifee?
2Bie tdav ber ©arten?
SBa^ befal^ fid^ ber ©belmann?
SBen fanb er?
2Bo tDar ber ©cirtner?
SBar er auf einer SBiefe (meadow)? \
SBarum derliefe ber gbelmann ha^ §au^? i
SBarurrt ber ©cirtner?
9Ber tdav ber §err? j
SBeffen ©iener n^ar ber ©cirtner?
2Bem gef)orte ber ^arf unb atle^ barin? 1
2Ba6 fur ein ©arten \ioav e^? j
SBie fprad^ ber Sbelmann feinen ©artner an? t
SBol^er toiffen ©ie, bafe ber §err gornig n)ar? |
SBeffen SlnttDort toav ruf)ig?
SBieberl^oIen ©ie munblid^ bie ganje ©efd^id^te!
beginners' GERMAN 77
Sefen ©ie je^t bte Slnefbote!
©d^reiben ©ie ba6 ©tiid an bie Xa^dl
SWorgcn tDerben tDir ein ©iftat bariiber l^abcn^
Make the following changes, both orally and
in writing:
1. Change the singulars into plurals.
2. Substitute other prepositions for those
given.
3. Change the tenses given into the present.
4. Change the tenses given into the perfect.
5. Change the tenses given into the pluper-
fect.
6. Change the tenses given into the future.
7. Use subordinating conjunctions, thereby
changing the order of words.
NOTE
Declension of the interrogative pronoun.
Nominative tticr tott)^
Genitii^e toeffctt —
Dative hJCttl —
Accusative tnett toa^
How do you decline the relative pronoun ber, bie, ia^?
Observe:
f m. Sin Sbelmann, beffen ©cirtncr fd^Iief, gtng fpasiercn.
Sing. G. I /. Sine (Sbelfrau, beren ©artner fd^Itef, ging fpa^ieren.
I n, ®TX graulein, beffen ©cirtner fd^Iief, gtng fpagieren.
pj . G. Sbelleute, beren ©cirtner fd^Iiefen, gingen fpajieren.
D. (SbeEeute, benen bie ©artner folgten, iDurben gomig.
The relative pronoun is never omitte4 in German,
78 beginners' GERMAN
What is the difference in declension between bet, bte, ia^
as definite article and as relative (demonstrative) pronoun?
Illustrate.
What are the two ways of introducing subordinate clauses?
Illustrate.
If the conjunction is omitted, does the dependent order
remain the same?
What case is used with the preposition toatitcnh?
WORD FORMATION
5D?an 9c{)t cincn @ang. 9D?an tDtrft cincn SBurf.
$01an ftngt einen — ♦ 9D?an trinft eittcn — ♦
@^ flingt tin — ♦ Tlan fprid^t einen — .
How are these nouns formed? Of what gender are they?
Dret^tgfte 2lufgabe
In giving the principal parts (bie ©runbformen) of verbs,
we must know the: i. Present Infinitive, 2. Preterit, 3. Past
Participle.
The weak (regular) verbs are thus given: i. lemen, 2. lemte,
3. gelemt.
In giving the principal parts of strong verbs, we have to
distinguish seven classes of verbs, grouped according to their
root-vowel change (called Ablaut).
Give the principal parts of all verbs in sentences in the
third singular present, preterit, (future, and) perfect.
E.g.
er finbet ben ©drtner, er Iduft in ben ©arten,
er fanb ben ®artner, er lief in ben ®arten,
er iDirb ben ©artner finben, er tDtrb in ben ®arten laufen,
er f)at htn ©artner gefunben; er ift in ben ©arten gelaufen.
beginners' GERMAN
79
We shall classify the strong verbs into one of the following
seven classes:
CLASS
INFINITIVE
PRETERIT
PAST PARTICIPLE
1
ci
i(ie)
i(ie)
2
tc
0
0
3
i
a
u(o)
4
c
a
0
5
e
a
e
6
a
u
a
7
a (and other vowels^
) ie (i)
a (and other vowels)
Examples taken from the
preceding lessons
:
1.
fd^rcibcn,
fd^rtcb,
gcfd^ricben,
fd^mciQcn,
—
—
fd^cincn,
—
—
biciben,
—
—
bcifeen,
m.
aebiffcn,
fitcifen,
—
—
pfcifcn,
—
—
(gcr)fc^neibcn,
fc^nttt,
gefd^nittcn^
2.
ried^en,
vo^,
gerod^en,
friercn,
—
—
flicfeen, .
—
—
fd^Iicgen,
—
—
3.
fingcn,
fang,
gcfunQcn,
(Dcr)fd^Iingcn,
—
—
finbcn,
—
—
trinfcn,
—
—
bcQinncn^
begann,
bcgonncn.
4.
fprcd^CTi,
fprad^,
gcfprod^n,
ftcrbcn,
—
—
brcd^cn,
—
—
l^clfen,
—
—
ftcd^cn,
—
—
8o
beginners' GERMAN
neI)Tnen,
nai)m,
genontmen,
tDerben,
(marb)
tDurbe,
getDorben.
(And) f ommen,
fam,
gefommen.
5. lefcn,
M,
gelefen,
gebcn.
—
—
treten,
—
—
effen,
a6,
gegeffen^
(And) liegen,
to9.
gelegen,
fifeen,
fafe,
gefeffen.
6, tragcn,
trug,
getragen.
tDafc^en,
—
—
tDad^fen,
—
—
(fort)fa^ren,
fuf)r (fort),
(fort)gefaf)ren.
7. I^altcn,
W%
gef)alten.
f^tafen,
—
—
fatten,
—
" —
(t)er)Iaffen,
—
—
fangen,
ftng,
gefangen.
fieifeen,
f)ie6,
ge{)eifeen,
laufen,
lief,
gelaufen.
rufen,
rtef.
gerufen.
9ct)en,
fiing.
gegangen.
State with each verb where it occurred for the first time,
i.e. give the sentence, as far as possible.
(a) Form sentences of your own with the preterit
for the verbs fd)rcibcn to fd^nciben*
(b) Form sentences with the perfect
for the verbs 6Ict6cn to bcgtnttcn*
(c) Form sentences in the singular present
for the verbs of classes 4-7.
Give the synopsis of a verb in complete sentences.
beginners' GERMAN 8l
E.g.
Present — id) fd^retbe meine Stufgabe*
Preterit — bu f(^rteb[t beine Slufgabe.
Future — er tnirb feine Slufgabe fc^reiben*
Perfect — tt)ir I)aben un[ere SlufQaben gefc^rieben^
Pluperfect — i^r ()attet eure Slufgaben gefc^rieben* .
Perf. Cond. — fie tDiirben if)re Slufgaben gefd^rieben l^aben.
Use as the last form the perfect conditional, and not the
future perfect, as it is scarcely ever used in common speech.
Apply this scheme, or any variation of it, orally or in
writing, to all the verbs, omitting f^cittett, flicfecn, ftcrficn*
€tnunbbrei^tgfte 2lufgabe
§eute totvhm toiv eine neue ©efd^id^te burd^nel^men, bic fol-
flcnbcn Xitd l^at:
^a^ foftfiarc Stauttcin
Stod Sjyjcigbe, 3lnna unb 9Kartl^a, gingen nad) ber (Btaht,
nnb iebe trug einen fc^tDcren itorb boll Obft anf betn ^opfe>
2lnna murrte unb feufjte beftcinbig, Waxti)a aber lac^te unb
fd^erjte, §lnna fagte: ,,SBie magft bu nur lad^en? Sein .$?orb
tft ia fo fd^mer tnie ber meinige, unb bu bift nid^t ftcirfer al^ id)."
W:axti)a \pxad): ,,®u fiaft rec^t, mein ^orb i[t fo f(^tt)er iDte ber
beinige, aber id^ l^abe etn geiDiffe^ ^rautlein gur SSixrbe gelegt,
balder fill^Ie id^ fie faum," „^i" rief Slnna, „ba^ mufe ein foft-
bare^ ^rciutlein fein, ®ag mir bod^, h)te e^ ^d^t" Wflavti)a
antn)ortete: „©a^ foftbare ^rciutletn, ba^ aCe gaften letd^ter
ntad^t, l^etfet — ©ebulb." 2)?erfe btr, Slnna, unb benfe baran:
„?eid^ter tragi, toa^ er aud^ trcigt,
SBer ©ebulb sur iBiirbe legt''
82 beginners' GERMAN
SScrftcficn ®ic bicfc Slncfbotc?
SBa^ fonncn ®ie ftatt ^totx StRagbe fagcn?
2Ba^ fur ein torb ift citi Rovb tjoll Obft?
SBa^ ift abcr cin Obftforb?
Obft ift ba^felbc tok grilci^te. griid^tc finb Spfcl,
58irnen, ^flaumcn ufm*
SBo tiabcn n)ir fjriic^te guerft gebabt?
@inb rcifc J^^^tc meiftcn^ fiife obcr fauer?
JBeftanbig f)eifet immcr*
2Bic iiberfe^en ©ie tiur, ja, boci^?
fjragen
2Bie l^cifet bie neuc ©cfd^id^tc?
S)ic neuc ©efc^id^tc l^ei^t . . ♦
2Ba^ ift ber Xitel bcr neuen ©efd^id^te?
S[Bot)on f)oren n)ir in ber neuen ©efd^ic^te?
SBeld^e neue ©efd^id^te lefen tDir jefet?
SBol^in finb bie TlaQht gegangen?
©ie finb in — ©tabt gegangen.
SBie tdav ber ^orb, fc^tt)er ober leid^t?
SBaren bie ^orbe gleid^ fd^lrer, ober tt)av ein ^orb
fc^tDerer?
SBar §lnna^ ^orb fd^iDerer? (Slnna;^ = ber §lnnaO
SBie benal^m fid^ 2lnna, unb tda^ fagte fie?
9Bie benal^m fid^ SWartfia, unb toa^ fagte fie?
Smpfanb ober fiif)Ite Slnna bie ©d^n)ere ber
Slirbe?
SBie l^eifet ba^ foftbare ^rautlein?
Semen ®ie ben ©prud^ au^toenbig!
2Bieberf)oIen ©ie nun bie ganje ©efd^id^te!
©d^reiben ©ie biefelbe an bie Safel!
beginners' GERMAN
83
Give a synopsis of:
id^ gel^e f)eutc in bic ©tabt
©el^en is really an irregular strong verb, as are
fcin tt)ar 8crt)efen
ftctfen ftanb gcftanben
iwx tat getatt
Give the principal parts of these four verbs
in sentences.
Where are adverbs of time placed? Before
other adverbial modifiers? How are proper
nouns declined?
What can you say instead of bcr mctnigc and
bet bctntge?
Of what is 5ur a contraction?
Give similar cases of contraction.
What are the principal parts of l^ciftcn?
Note the difference between ^ctften and the
other verbs with root-vowel -ei-*
Change all preterits into :
1. the present tense,
2. the pluperfect.
Rewrite the whole story by substituting
synonyms for as many words and expres-
sions as possible.
Nominative
Accusative
Genitive
Dative
NOTE
Declension
Singular
bic ncuc ©efd^id^tc
ber ncuctt ©efd^id^te
ber ncuen ©cfd^id^tc
Plural
bic ncucn ©cfd^td^tcn
bcr ncuctt ©cfd^id^tcn
ben ncucn ©efd^id^tcn
84 beginners' GERMAN
Decline in the same way in sentences:
bic faule 5)Wa9b, bie flelfeige 9J?agb,
biefe grofee ®tabt, jenc fleine ®tabt,
iebe fc^toere ?aft, melc^e fd^mcrc 8aft (33iirbc).
Why should this attributive declension be called weak?
What is the difference between it and the so-called strong
declension of adjectives? Illustrate.
Change in the following, orally and in writing, the plurals
into singulars:
N, Sie faulen SWagbc fttib gu §aufe.
G. Sie 9^amen ber faulen SKcigbe ftnb 2lnna unb 9)Jartf)a,
D. gr gibt ben faulen SJJagben fein @elb»
^. SBir I)aben geftern bic faulen 9}Jagbe in ber ©tabt gefef)en*
^tt)etunbbrei§igfte 2lufgabe
3um griiMtud befommt ba^ beutfd^e ^inb ©emmel unb
S3rot, am gefttag aud^ Xdoiji ein ©tilrf .Sluc^en. ^uc^en, ®em^
met unb Srot bacft ber iBader au^ 2)?e^I. ®a^ a«e^t maf)It
ber SKiiller au^ 2Beijen= unb au^ S^oggenfornd^en; btefe fauft
er t)om 33auer» ®er 33auer bebaut ha^ gelb unb fat bie fletnen
©etreibeforner f)inetn, (Sin SBei^en^ unb 9?oggenfornc^en ift
ein febr fleine^ ®ing, nod& fleiner al^ ber 5RageI ant fleinen
ginger eine^ fleinen ^inbe^» (S^ ]^at etne bilnne, trodene
©d^ate; innen ift t^etfee^ 9D?ef)I, unb in bem Wt\)l liegt ein gang
fleiner ^etnt, ber nid^t grower ift aU ein ©tedfnabelfopf, —
S)er ^eim fd^Icift im ©etreibeforn tok ba6 fleine iS^inb tm iBett,
5tu^ bem fleinen ^orn ertndc^ft aber ein §alm, fo l^od^ trie ein
50Jann, unten mit SSurjeIn unb S3Iattern, oben mtt etner Sl^re.
3n ber Sfire btlben ftd^ toieber Diele neue ©etreibeforner, 2lu^
beginners' GERMAN 85
bem einen ^ornd^en, ha^ bet Sauer in bie (grbe Icgt, ftnb ifirer
bielc getDorben, Did Tnef)r al6 ein ^inb ginger ^at Sinen
©acf t)o{I fat ber S3auer im griil^iafir au^, t)iele ©tide dolt
bringt er im ^erbfte toieber nad^ ^aufe, — S)ic Siere, j. i8.
bie SSogel, bie §enne, bie ®an^, bie ^ul^ unb ba^ ^ferb, freffen
bie fleinen ©etreibefomer gem* S)ie Heinen Corner emal^ren
auc^ grofee Seute, felbft ^aifer unb ^onige*
^a^ $. SSagner.
SBeld^e SBorter tierftelien ©ie nid^t?
^a§ fjrittiftud ift ba^ erfte (gffen frilf) am 90^orgen.
SBa^ ift ba^ 2)?ittage[fen? ba^ 3lbenbe[fen?
2)ic Semmel ift ein 53rotd^en» 2Ba^ ift ein S&vbU
c^en?
2)ie SBurjetn eine^ iBaume^ finb in ber @rbe,
2)ie SJijgel fliegen in ber 8uft; bie ®an^ fd^n)immt
auf bem SBaffer*
2Ba6 ifet ha^ beutfd^e ^inb gum grilMtild?
SBorau^ iDirb ba^ tctglid^e 33rot gemac^t?
iffio^er fommt ba^ 9We^I?
grjci^Ien ©ie ha^ gange ©tild nod^ einmal!
gefen ©ie e^ nun!
©d^rei6en ©ie e^ jie^t an bie SBanbtafel!
Semen ®te aui^ttienbig:
S)er ganbmann pflangt mit mW ^nb 9tot
3)a^ ^om filr unfer tctglid^ iSrot.
3um adulter iDirb ba^ ^orn gebrad^t
Unb feine^ SJJel^I barau^ gemad^t.
©er S3(idfer nimmt ba^ 9Wel^I in^ ^au^
Unb bddft im Ofen iBrot barau^*
®ie abutter ftreid^t bie S3utter brauf,
S)ie ^inber effen atte^ auf*
86
beginners' GERMAN
NOTE
Declension
Singular
Plural
Nominative
Accusative
ba^ Heine tinb
bie Meinen Sinber
Genitive
be^ fleinen ^inbe^
ber fleinen finber
Dative
bem fleinen ^inb
htn fleinen ilinbem
Decline similarly in sentences:
ba^ Qtofee ^om, biefe^ iDei^e 2)?ef)I,
'tid^ fleine S3Iatt, iene^ fd^marse ©ing,
iebe^ alte Jier,
meld^e^ iunge ^ferb»
SBa^ tut ber mdtx?
2Ba6 tut ber gWiiller? ©r ma^It U^ mt%
Unb ber arjaler? 2)er SWaler malt ba^ Silb.
9Ba6 tut ber iBauer?
9Bie nennt man feine grau?
9Ba^ tut ein 8ef)rer ober eine ?e]^rerin?
SBa^ ein ©d^reiber? ©id^ter? ©d^neiber? Jifd^Ier?
S)er aWann, ber ^ilte mad^t, ift ein ^utmad^er^
SBa^ fiir ein 9Kann ift ein ©d^ufimad^er? ein Uf)r^
madder?
©in Ul^nnad^er mad^t Uf)ren in ber U]&rmad^er==
njerfftatte.
2Bir nennen bic iJBerfftcitte cine^ 33fidfer^ eine
iBadferei,
iffia^ ift eine Xifd^Ierei?
WORD FORMATION
What kind of nouns does the nominal suffix -er form, ex-
pressing what? Of what gender are these nouns?
beginners' GERMAN 87
What can you say of the force of the noun-suffix -itt
(Plural -inncn)? Of what gender are these nouns?
How about the suffix -ci? Of what gender?
Make a list of the feminine nouns with the suffixes:
-ci, -i}dt, -tdt,
-in, -fd^aft, -ung,
-ic, -if, -ion.
Of what origin are the last three?
What neuter suffixes have we had? Give examples.
How do you translate biefcr and jctict?
Is there any difference in English between the use of the
latter and the former?
Dretunbbrei^tgfte 2lufgabe
Sic bcutfi^c SaifcrfamiKc
^atfer 9BiIf)eIm I. (ber grfte) tft fe^r alt gclDorbcn. 2H^ cr
am 9. 9Karj 1888 ftarb, h)ar er fa[t 91 ^(i))xt alt, ha cr am
22. 9)?cirj 1797 gcborcn iDurbc. ?iac^ bcm STobc bc^ crftcn
§o]^enjoIIcrn=,Slaifer^ bcfticg bcr franfc ^ronprinj ben Sl^ron.
%U ^aifer fiiefe er griebric^ III. (ber S)ritte). (Sr Xoox ber
Siebling be^ beutfd^en S3oHe^. 9Wan nannte if)n iiberall nur
,,Unfern %xx%" Salter tat c^ bcm SBoIfc fo leib, ha'ii bem
gnjeiten beutfd^en ^aifer cine fo furje SJegiemng befc^ieben Xoax.
©d^on nac^ 99 Jagen [tarb er am 15. -^uni 1888. — ^n bem^
felben S'afire, in bem ber erfte beutfd^e ^atfer geftorben Xoox,
faf) S)entfd^Ianb aud^ ben jtDeiten ^aifer in^ @rab finfen. !Da^
3af)r 1888 l^at alfo brei beutfd^e ^aifer auf bem beutfd^en
Sfirone gefefien. S)er britte beutfd^e ^aifer ift SSil^clm II.
88 beginners' GERMAN
(gr ift ber iefeige ^aifer unb regiert feit bent 15. 3uni 1888.
gr ift ber ©of)n griebrtdf)^ III. (be^g ©ritten) unb ber gnfel
mmm^ L tdfer SSilfielm II. Innrbe am 27. .^anuar 1859
geboren. S)ie beutfc^e ^aiferin f)ei6t Slngufte SSiftoria. J)ie
l^ol^en (gitem l^aben fieben ^inber, nantlid^ fec^^ ^rinjen unb
eine ^rinjefftn. S)er ditefte ^rtnj ift ber ^ronprinj 5riebri(^
aSil^elm. @r U)urbe 1882 geboren.
??tagett
SBie f)ie^ ber erfte beutfci^e ^aifer, unb toic alt
n)urbe er?
9Ber tarn nad) bent Sobe be^ erften beutfd^en ^ai=
fer^ auf ben Xi)von?
SBeffen Siebling inar griebrid^ III.?
9Bar benx jlneiten beutfd^en ^aifer ein lange^ 2thtn
befd^ieben?
^n tneld^ent ^ai)vt fafien bie 3)eutf(^en aud^ btn
gtneiten ^aifer in^ ®rab finfen?
28ie biele ^aifer iDaren alfo im ^ai)ve 1888 auf
bent 2f)ron?
9Bie nannte ba^ SSoIf ben franfen ^^fiebrid^ III.?
aSeld^en ^aifer f)aben bie ©eutfd^en jefet? SBie alt
ift er?
SBie biele ^inber f)at ba^ je^ige ^aiferpaar 0)abtn
bie ie^igen ^ol^engoltern) ?
SBieberl^oIen ©ie, tna^ ©ie bon ben beutfd^en ^ai^
fern gel^ort fiaben!
©eben @ie bie Seamen ber erften ^aifer an!
Sefen ©ie nun ba^ ?efeftiidf!
©d^reiben ©ie e^ je^t an bie Jafel ober t)ielnte]&r:
id^ U)erbe e^ 3^f)nen langfam biftieren.
beginners' GERMAN 89
S)a^ befannte beutfd^e S^attonaltieb ift:
^cil bir im ©icgerfrans!
S)ic crftc ©trop^e badon lautet:
^eil bir im ©iegerfranj,
^errfd^er be^ SSaterlanb^!
^eit, ^aifer, bir!
giif)I in be^ J^rone^ ©lani
©ie l^ol^c iffionne ganj:
Siebling be^ S?oIf^ ju fein!
§eit, ^aifer, bir!
©ie iDcrben biefe erfte ©tropl^e au^tDcnbig lemcn!
^e^t iDoIIen iDir fie fingen!
©ie fennen bod^ bie Tldohk Don: iify Country H is
oj Thee nnb G(?rf save the King?
Sllte brei 5yiationalf)t)mnen 1;)Cihm biefelbe 9JJeIobie»
©ie t)erftef)en bod^ alle^?
2Ba^ fiir ein ^ranj i[t ber ©iegerfranj?
2Ba^ filr ein 8anb ift ha^ SSaterlanb?
Sin giebKng ift einer, ber geliebt toirb.
SBa^ ift ein 8ef)rling?
NOTE
Declension
Singular
Plural
Nom,
Gen,
Dat.
Ace,
ber beutfc^e ^aifer
be^ beutfd^en ^aifer^
bem beutfd^en Saifer
ben beutfd^en ^aifer
bie beutfd^en ^atfer
ber beutfc^en ^aifer
btn beutfd^en ^aifern
bie beutfd^en ^aifer
Decline likewise, always in sentences, as oral and as writ-
ten work:
90 beginners' GERMAN
bcr txante Sronpring, bcrfelbc Scl^rer,
bicfcr grofec Sicbling, bcrjicnigc ©driller,
icncr mad^tigc 2^^ron, ber tneiniQC [®of)n].
The adjective, when preceded by the article, has practi-
cally always what ending?
What case is excepted with masculine nouns?
With feminine and neuter nouns, of course, what two
cases are excepted?
WORD FORMATION
SBritberHd^ fieifet tDic cin 93ruber ober gleid^ cinem S3rubcr.
What is the force of the adjective-suffix -lid^ in elterlid^,
prinalid^, fd^mcfterlid^, mttttnlid^, n)ctblid^?
Dterunbbret^tgjlc ^lufgabe
^a^ S)cutf^c SRcid^
@cit 1871, fcit bem ^riegc mit granfrcid^, beftel^t n)iebcr
cin miid^tigc^, einige^ Scutfci^e^ dtdd). ©cutfd^Ianb ift ni(|t
fcl^r grofe, obmot)! grower aU (Snglanb obcr granfrcic^* ^e^
hod) bic SScrclnigten ©taaten Don 9iorbamerifa of)ne Slla^fa
finb 14^ mal grower al^ ba^ J)eutf(^e dldi). Slber ^tut^d)-
lanb \)at ungcfal^r 68 9KiIUonen (SintDoI)ncr, alfo f foDiel tnic
bie SScreinigten ©taatcn* J)er iebe^maligc ^onig t)on ^reu^
fecn ift ©cutfd^er ^aifcr. griifier trurben bie ©eutfc^en ^aifer
immer gctocil^It, b» 1^, nad) bcm Sobe ctne^ !Dcutfd^en ^aifer^
tt)'di)ltt man cinen ncuen^ ^ti}t ift bic ^aifcmiirbc aber erb==
lid^, S)cr l^cutigc ©cutfc^c ^aifer f)at bic 9)?a(^t ctnc6 cinigen
©cutfd^cn 9tei(^e^ f)tntcr ftd^* S)er ^aifer ift bcr SScrtrctcr
bc^ 9?ci(^c^ int SScrfc{)r mit bcm Slu^Ianb. @r ift auc^ bcr
obcrftc ^ricg^ficrr unb S3cfc{)I^f)abcr bcr Slrmce unb glottc.
BEGINNERS' GERMAN 9 1
Slber er l^at nid^t n)ie bcr ^riifibetit bcr SJercimgtcn ©taaten
ha^ Sied^t, ein SSeto einjulegen*
©a^ ©eutfc^c dtd^ beftet)t au6 26 cinjclnen ©taaten; t)tcr
baDon finb ^ontgreid^e, ncimlic^ ^reufeen, S3at)em, ©ac^fen
unb SSlirttemberg, S)iefc 26 ©taaten fcnben 58 SScrtretcr,
bie t)on ben Sanbe^fiirften emannt tDcrben, tiad^ Berlin, ber
^auptftabt ^reufeen^ unb be^ dld6)t^. J)ie 58 SSertreter
bilben jufammcn ben SBunbe^tat unter bent SSorfi^e be^ 5Keic^^==
fanjler^^ ge^terer tnirb t)om ^aifer ernannt* ®ie S3urger
int ganjen 3)eutf(^en 9tetd^ h)a]^Ien 397 Slbgeorbnete in hm
SRcid^^tag, ber ebenfatt^ in ^Berlin gufammenf omntt* Sllte S3ur^
ger, bie iiber 25 ^ai)vc alt [inb, ertDaf)Ien biefe 9KitgIieber be^
Steic^^tage^ auf 5 ^af)vt, in gelieimer SBaf)L S)er S3unbe^^
rat nnb ber 9ieic^^tag ntac^en ©efefee unb ftellen ba^ 93ubget
be^ Seutfd^en 9ieid^e^ feft.
3)ic grofeten unb tDid^tigften ©tabte S)eutfd^Ianb^ finb nad^
Berlin: Hamburg an ber (gibe, Mm^en (bie ^auptftabt t)on
S3at)ern), Seipjig in ©ad^fen, ©re^ben (bie ^auptftabt (Ba^^
fen^), ^oln (Soln) am dl^dn, S3re^Iau an ber Ober, grantfurt
am 9Wain, ^annot)er, SSremen an ber SBefer*
Slad^t. SB crn^Ioh).
fjtagctt
©eit tDeld^em ^al^re beftefjt ein neue^ S)eutfd^e^
dtd(i)?
9^ad& iDeld^em ^riege tdav ba^?
^aben ©ie fd^on tjon bem beutfd^^frangofifd^en
^rieg gel^ort?
SBie t)ielmal grower finb bie 93ereinigten ©taaten
alg J)eutfd^Ianb?
9Bie ift bie beutfd^e ^aifertDurbe {efet?
SBie fam man frill^er ju einem ^aifer?
92 beginners' GERMAN
SBeld^c^ [inb bie JRcd^tc be^ ©eutfc^en ^atfer^?
2Bie t)iele ©taaten gibt e^ tm ©eutfd^en 8?eid&?
9tennen ©ie bie brei grofeten ©taaten mit ifiren
^auptftabten!
3eigen ©ie biefe ©tabte auf ber Cartel
2Bie t)iele 55ertreter bilben ben iBunbe^rat?
©inb fie gett)df)It ober ernannt?
SBer i[t ber S3orfi^er be^ iBunbe^rat^?
SBie biele 9KitgIieber be^ 9iei(^^tag6 gibt e^?
SBerben biefe gett)af)lt?
<^ann ber ^aifer attein ®efe^e madden ober allein
ha^ Subget aufftellen?
SBeld^e n)eiteren ©tabte unb gliiffe S)eutfd^Ianb^
fennen ©ie?
3ft S)eutfd^Ianb iDie bie SSereinigten ©taaten ein
©taatenbnnb^ oberifte^ ein SSnnbe^ftaat?
^at ber "iPrafibent ber SSereinigten ©taaten af)n^
Ixdjt dtcd^tt it)ie ber 2)entfd^e ^aifer?
S3erglei($en ©ie bie beiben ?dnber miteinanber!
©d^reiben ©ie einen 2luffa^ bariiber!
NOTE
Declension
N. ein ncuer f atfcr cine fci^redlid^e 3eit ein ^Deutfd^e^ 9?eic5
G. cineg neuen £aifcr^ einer fc^recftid^cn 3cit einc^ !Deutfd^en D^cicjeg
D. einem neuen ^aifer einer fd^rerflid^en 3cit einent ^eutf d^en 9leic5(e)
A. einen neuen ^aifer eine fc^rerflid^e S^^t ein !^eutf(§eg D^eic^
Why is this declension of adjectives called at times mixed?
Are attributive adjectives in the comparative and super-
lative declined like the adjectives in the positive degree?
Illustrate.
Is it not true that either the adjective or the preceding
element (ber=^ and ein=words) must show the gender, nima-
beginners' GERMAN
93
ber, and case of the following noun which it modifies?
so, does that make clear the forms:
ber neuc, but ein neucr,
ba^ neuc, but ein neuc;^?
Decline in sentences, orally and in writing:
citi unenblid^er ®treit, ein bauember Slnteil;
einc erblid^e ^aifcrmilrbe; tnein fd^one^ SSaterlanb*
When are geographical adjectives capitalized?
If
N.
G.
D,
A.
^iinfunbbrct^tgfte 2lufgabe
(Review)
SBicberl^oIung ber gangen SlbieftiD^Seflination:
Singular
bic \^xtdix(i)t 3^it
ber ncuc ^aifcr
ein neucr ^aifer
be6 neuen ^aifcr^
clneg Ttcucn ^aifer^
bent ncucn ^aifcr
cincnt neuen ^alfer
ben neuen ^aifer
eincn neuen ^aif.er
eine fc^recflic^e 3cit
ber fc^recfUc^en S^^t
einer fc^recflid^en S^^^
ber fd^redltd^en 3^it
einer fc^redltdEien 3cit
bie fd^redlid^e S^^t
einc f(^recflic$e 3^it
bttjg beutfd^c ^tnb
ein beutfc^e)^ ^inb
be6 beutfd^en ^tnbeg
etne§ beutfc^en ^inbe^
bent beutfd^en ^inb
einem beutfd^en ^inb
ha^ beutfd^e tinb
ein beutfd^e)^ ^tnb
Norn,
Gen.
DaL
Ace,
Plural
bk guten
(feine)
ber guten
(feiner)
ben Quten
(feinen)
bic Quten
(feinc)
^aifer
3eiten
^inber
tatfer
3eiten
^inber
^aifern
5etten
^inbern
tatfer
3eiten
I ^inbcr
94 beginners' GERMAN
®ie crftc ©tropl^e be^ beutfc^en 9iationaItiebc8:
^ , , ®te SBa^t am 3lfiem
lautct:
(£^ brauft ein 9iuf tDic 2)onnerl^aIt,
2Bic ®d&n)ertgeflirr unb SBogenpraC:
3um 3tl^ein, gum 9tl^ein, jum beutfd^en di^dnl
SBcr iDiH be^ ©trome^ filter fein?
?ieb SBaterlanb, magft rul^ig fein,
Sieb SSaterlanb, magft ruf)ig fein:
geft ftel^t nnb treu bie SBad^t, bie SBad^t am 9J^ein!
geft fte^t unb treu bie SBad^t, bie 2Bac^t am 5i^ein!
Sim gufee ber SSorbertafel be6 9lationaIbenfmaI^
(^monument^) auf bem S^iebemalb bei 9Jllbe^=
l^eim am 9J^ein ift ba^ ?ieb „S)ie SBad^t am
9Jl^ein" eingegraben*
SSerftel^en ©ie alle SBorter?
@in ^rieger trcigt ein ©d^tDert an feiner linfen
©eite.
®ie SBogen bebeutet bie SBelten.
SBo l^aben rt)ir bie SBeHcn gelemt?
©ie beutfd^en ^rieger tDerben flir ben 9tl^ein ftrei^
ten; fie finb baf)er bie filter be^ ©trome^.
SBo l^aben iDir ru^ig gef)abt?
aSo l^aben rt)ir treu gelemt?
SBa^ flir ein §att (sound) ift ber ©onnerJ^all?
2Ba^ fiir ein ©eflirr ift ba^ ©d^tDertgeflirr?
9Ba^ fiir ein ^ralt (rebound) ift ber SBogenpratt?
2Ba^ fiir ein ganb ift ba^ SSaterlanb?
Show the onomatopoeia in this poem, i.e. the
formation of words to imitate the sound of
the thing.
BEGINNERS' GERMAN 95
■Scfet ftngcn iDir ba^ 8icb!
gUr morgen lerncn ©ic c^ au^lDenbig!
NOTE
Give a synopsis of:
c6 brauft^unb e^ bonncrt fef)r;
id^ ftcl^c am offcnen genfter.
Do intransitive verbs of posture, i.e. fl^Ctt, liegen^ ftel^etl,
usually take the auxiliary feiti or f)abtn?
Is verbal action or result of action expressed?
WORD FORMATION
atul^ig ift, tDcr (bic) dtn\)t iiat
93Ber ift f)un0rtg, burftig, fictfeig, mttd^tig?
Collect all the adjectives ending in ~tg, and show the force
of the suffix.
Give the adjectives in complete sentences.
SBa6 man c[fcn fann, ift cPat.
2Ba^ ift trinfbar, prbar, Ic^bar?
aSo l^aben tDir ttmnbcrfiar gefiabt?
S^d^sunbbrei^tgfte ^lufgabe
5D r c « b c n, ben 12. 3)?ara 1912.
Sicbcr 55^^iinb!
©cinen au^fiil^riid^en 33rtef bom 28* gebruar l^abc id^ cm})^
fangen. ^d) banfc S)ir bielmd^ bafiir* S)amtt S)u nid^t
lange auf ?lad^rid^t p h)arten braud^ft, tt)iU id) Sir fofort ant^
iDortcn* ^d^ freuc mtd^ fel^r, bafe S)u un^ balb mit 3)eincn
©efd^tntftern befud^cn iDirft. S'n ©eutfd^Ianb ift e^ jebcnfate
im ajjat am fd^onftcn. S)al^cr ftngen tDtr 3)eutfd^c aud^ in ber
crften ©tropl^e bc^ Siebc^ „9Banberfd^aft":
96 beginners' GERMAN
,,®er Tlai ift gefontmen, bit 93aume f($Iagen au^,
S)a bleibe, h)er Suft l^at, mit ©orgen p ^au6!
SBie bie SBoIfen bort tDanbern am J^imtnlifc^en S^%
©0 ftel^t au^ mir ber ©inn in bie tDcite, tDcite 9BeIt,"
Slbcr im 3uli nnb Slngnft l^aben h)ir aud^ fd^one^ SBetter
tro^ Dieler l^eifeen 3:age. 2Bir n)erben mit @uc^ t)iele i^i^fereifen
in bie SBcilber unb S3erge nnterne^men. S^ tDirb [icfier foftlic^
h)erben. SBann merbet ^^v benn eigentlid^ nac^ Snropa ab-
reifen?
9^un lebe rec^t tDof)I unb laffe balb ettoa^ t)on S)ir ]()oren»
S3itte, empfiel^I mid^ ©einen lieben (SItern* ^d) tDilnfd^e @ud^
©Ilid unb ©egen allermegen,
^ebergeit griebe, greub'^
9Kit l^erjlid^en ©riifeen, auc^ an Seine ©efd^tDifter, berbleibe id^
3)ein treuer greunb
5ri<?.
SSerfte^en ©ie atte^?
2lu^fuf)rlid^ l^eifet lang*
9Ba^ bebeutet: bie S3aume fc^Iagen au^?
©ie finb jung unb ^abtn feine ©orgen* ©ie finb
forgenfrei*
S)a^ l^immlifd^e 3^W ift natilrlid^ ber ^immeL
3n tDeld^em ^onigreid^e liegt iibrigen^ SDre^ben?
^aben ©ie nun alte6 t)erftanben?
fjragen
SBann ift e^ in ©eutfd^Ianb am fd^onften? SBarum?
SBann finb bie f(^onften 2:age?
SBie ift e^ oft im 3nli unb Sluguft?
Semen ©ie bie erfte ©tropf)e be^ 8iebe^ SBanber-
fc^aft au^rt)enbig!
beginners' GERMAN 97
©tngcn ©ie: ®er 9Kai tft gefommen ufn)»
Semen ©ie auc^ ben ©pmd^, ben man gut gu
einem Selegramm bertDenben fann:
„&IM nnb ©egen
SlIIertDegen,
S'ebergeit
griebe, grenbV
Sefen ®ie biefen fd^onen ©prnd^ Don ber 9Kitte,
ober fangen ©ie mit irgenb einer 3^H^ cin!
©d^reiben ©ie biefen nnb einen af)nli(^en S3rief !
SBa^ tnt man mit einem iBriefe, nad^bem man il^n
gefd^rieben i}at?
Tlan [tedft ben 33rief in einen Umfd^Iag, fd^reibt
bie Slbreffe, Hebt bie 2)?arfe anf, fc^Iiefet btn
S3rief nnb irirft il^n in ben ndd^ften Ifaften*
SBa^ filr ein taften ift ba^? SBa^ ift eine iBrief^
marfe?
3lbre[fe: §erm Dr. Hans Schulze, Hannover,
Georgstrasse 38.
Change in the above letter the pronouns of
fajniliar address (which are capitalized in
letters)
1. into the plural,
2. into pronouns of conventional address.
3. Change the masculine into the feminine
in the salutation and in the close.
NOTE
Which case is used after banlen and antttiortett?
What other verbs did we have where the dative is used as
single object?
What is the usual form of the prefix em)>-?
98 beginners' GERMAN
Smpfangen, CTnpfef)(cn, empfinbcn are the only three verbs
with the prefix emp-.
Where is the accent in unteme^men?
Does it mean here to undertake or to take (hold) under?
The principal parts of fangen and etntifangen are:
fangcn fing gcfangcn
empfangen cmpftng ctnpfangcn
What is the difference?
Where does the accent lie? Is cmp- a part of speech?
Where is the accent in the verb aireifen?
Is the prefix ab- a part of speech?
Give a synopsis of bie Xiiv sumat^en*
E.g. id) nxad^e bic Jilr in, bu mac^teft bie Xixx gu ufm^
Is the prefix separated from the verb in the simple tenses
of normal order? Where is the prefix with simple verb in
dependent clauses?
How is the past participle formed? (jugcmad^t.)
What case do prepositions compounded with of take in
German?
E.g. tro^ bc^ {)eifeen 2^a0e6, in spite of . . .
h)C0cn be^ ficifecn Xa^t^, on account of . . •
Stebenun&bret§igfte 2lufgabe
2)cr trcuc ^unb
(Sin ^aufmann l^attc einen ^unb, ber fel^r n)ad^fam unb trcu
tdax. @in[t ritt ber ^aufmann bon einem SWarfte, IDO er t)iel
®elb eingcnommen tiatU, nad^ ^aufc, @ein ®elb l^attc er in
einem 9KanteIfad fiinter ftd^ auf ba^ ^ferb gefd^naltt* S)er
§unb marfd^ierte neben tf)m l^er, 9^ad^ unb nad^ aber iDurben
bie 9iiemen lofe, mit benen ber 9KanteIfadE angebunben n)ar,
unb biefer fiel fierab, ol^ne ba^ e^ ber ^aufmann bemerfte.
BEGINNERS' GERMAN 99
®cr §unb aber l^attc c6 gefel^en unb ftng an ju n)infcln» ©cr
^aufmann fel^rtc \id) nid^t baran. !S)a ber ^unb nun immer
argcr bellte, fd^Iug il^n fein §err cinigemal mit ber ^eitfc^e*
Slbcr ber treue §unb l^orte nid^t auf^ (Sr fprang an ba^ ^ferb
unb gerbife il^m faft bie giifee, bafe e^ nid^t meitergel^en foltte,
unb ber ©d^aum ftanb il^m t)or ber ©d^nauje* 9^un bad^te ber
^aufmann, fein ^unb fei toll gen)orben. (gr fd^ofe i^n mit
feiner ^iftole nieber unb ritt iDeiter^ 211^ er noc^ eine ©tredfe
geritten h)ar, fill^Ite er l^inter [td^ unb erfd^raf, aU er feinen
SWantelfadE bermifete* 3lun ritt er jurildf unb fal^ iiberall S3Iut
t)on feinem ^unbe* (gnblid^ fam er bal^in, n)o il^m ber ®elb^
fadE entfallen toax. !Da lag fein treuer §unb neben bent (Bade.
(gr iDebelte mit bem ©d^tDanje, ledfte feinem §errn bie ^anb
unb — ftarb^
55tagctt
S33a^ filr einen §unb l^atte ber ^aufmann?
3eigte ber §unb Sreue?
(£r l^atte einen fel^r — unb — §unb.
SBo l^atte ber ^aufmann t)iel @elb eingenom-
m^n?
SBar er gu gufe ober ju ^ferbe?
S33ann ritt er nad^ ^aufe?
S33o l^atte ber ^aufmann fein ®elb?
233a6 gefd^al^ mit ben 9?iemen, bie ben 9KanteIfadf
l^ielten?
SBemerfte ber ^aufmann ben SSerluft?
SBufete er, ba^ er fein ®elb berloren l^atte?
©elang e6 bem ^unbe, feinen $erm aufmerffam
gu madden?
SBoburd^ tooltte jener biefen aufmerffam madden?
ICX) BEGINNERS GERMAN
SBomit fc^Iug bcr ^aufmann feincn trcucn §imb?
SBem gef)orte ber treue §unb?
SBa^ tat ber §unb mit bem "ipferbe? SSarxinx?
SBar ber ^unb toH getDorben?
2Barf ber .^aufmann etnen ©tein nad^ bem ^unbe?
2Somit tDurbe ber §unb niebergefd^offen?
SBann bermifete ber ^aufmann [em ®elb?
2Ba^ tat er, unb tDa^ faf) er?
9Bie fanb er f etnen treuen ^nnb?
3ft ein §unb nic^t oft treuer al6 mand^e Tltn^
f(^en?
SBieberl^oIen ©ie bie gange ©efd^id^te!
?efen ©ie ba^ ©tiid !
©d^reifien ©ie bie furje (grjafilung nieber!
Change the text by using the perfect tense.
Change subordinate clauses into coordinate
ones, and vice versa.
E.g. Unb biefer fiel l^erab, ol^ne bafe e^ ber ^aufmann
bemerfte becomes: fo bafe biefer l^erabfiel, aber
ber ^aufmann bemerfte e^ nid^t*
NOTE
Does the German use the possessive adjective with nouns
denoting parts of the body or of clothing? Illustrate.
Where is the accent in marf^terte, ttiatfci^iert?
Where in bemerfte, entfiel, erfd^raf, geprte, t>ermt||tc, serfiift?
Do verbs with unaccented first syllable take the augment
ge- in the past participle?
Are these six unaccented prefixes parts of speech
bt- ent- er-
ge- t)er- set-?
beginners' GERMAN ' '>' ' -ibl
Give the principal parts of the above six -twie^c/cSfe' (ltTl'>
frcntibar) compound verbs.
What is the force of ent- and of 5cr-? Illustrate.
The principal parts of the following verb are:
cinne^men, naf)m citi, cingenommen; or better:
er nimtnt ein, er naf)m ein, cr mirb einnef)men, er l^at eitigc^
nomtnen*
Give in the same way, orally and in writing:
anbinben — — —
cr fallt ^erab, cr fid f)crab, cr tDirb f)crabfaHcn, cr ift f)crabgcfaHcn
auf^oren — — —
Jt)citcr9ef)cn — — — •
niebcrfd^icfecn — — —
burd^rciten — — —
Where is the accent in these verbs?
Are these prefixes parts of speech? What parts of speech?
Are there in English also separable verbs? Illustrate.
Where is the accent in itfierfe^en meaning to translate?
Where is the accent in Utttctttcl^metl meaning to under-
take?
Where is the accent in h)teberl^oIen meaning to repeat?
Are compound verbs in a figurative sense treated like in-
separable compound verbs?
Are compound verbs in a literal sense treated like separable
compound verbs, as they should be?
Does not the same difference exist in English with vari-
able prefixes?
Compare, e.g., to undertake with to take under {down),
untcmcf)Tncn (l^cr)untcmcf)mcn
untemat)m nal^m (^cr)untcr
untemommcn (f)er)untcrgcnommcn
Illustrate in sentences the variable prefixes: \>\XX^, ttfier,
Uttter, um unb tutebcr*
UDQ beginners' GERMAN
E.g. •../...
In burd^Iaufcn, iibcrfcljcn, untemef)Tncn, umgcl^en, h)ieberI)oIen.
Observe the difference:
!Dcr ^aufmann tjerlor fein ®clb, o^nt c^ ^u h)iffcn; but
bcr Saufmann t)erIor fein ®clb, of)ne bafe e^ ber §unb tDufete!
What is the reason for this?
Give similar illustrations.
2ld?tunbbret§tgjtc 2lufgabe
J)cr ^unb mit bcm JJIeifd^c
@in $unb l^atte eitt ©tiid gleifd^ gcftol^len unb lief bamit
iiber einen fd^malen ©teg. -Sn bem Har^n SBaffer fal^ er fein
53ilb unb meinte, bag c^ ein anberer ^unb fei, ber aud^ ein
©tiicf Skif^ i^ Sl^aule f)abe» @r gebad^te e^ tl^m ju nef)men,
unb fo fd^nappte er gierig banad^^ 3)a entfiel tl^m ba^ i^ld\<i),
ha^ er l^atte, unb ba^ anbere, ba^ er l^aben tDoIIte, n)ar aud^
tjerfd^lDunben,
^ernanb, ber ettDa^ fttel^It, tft ein S)ieb,
(gin ©teg ift ein 28eg, ber oft ilber SBaffer fiil^rt
$unbe unb alle Siere {)aben ein 9KauI; fie
freffen*
2Ba^ f)aben bie SKeufd^en? greffen fie?
2Ba^ ift gterig?
25erftef)en ©ie ieijt bie einfad^e, moralifd^e @rgal^==
lung?
Stagcn
2Ba6 f)atte ber §unb geftol^Ien?
fl&a^ tat er barauf?
SBoriiber lief ber ^unb mit bent geftol^Ienen
gleifc^e?
beginners' GERMAN IO3
SBa« crblidftc cr in bcm Karen 9Baf[cr?
aSo fat) cr fein Silb?
SBa^ glanbtc obcr mctntc er?
9Ba^ tDoHtc bcr §unb bcm anbem ^unbe ncl^men?
Unb n)a^ tat er ba^cr?
9Barf bcr $nnb fcin ©tudf glcifd^ tDcg, obcr entfici
e^ i^m?
Sddam cr ba^ gtocite ©tiid glcifd^?
§attc bcr §unb fcin ©tiid i^ld\<i) t)crIoren, tomn
cr nid^t fo gicrig gctrcfcn tdixvc?
S33a^ Icmcn rt)ir an^ bicfcr Hcincn ©cfd^id^tc?
(Srgal^Icn ©ic bic Heine 2:icrfabel!
Scfen ©ie biefclbe!
Unb tDiebcrl^oIen ®ie biefclbe fd^riftlid^!
©d^reiben ®ic bic ®efd^i(^te nod^ cinmal
L im ^Inral bc^ ^erfeft^,
2. im *ipr(ifcn^»
@r gebad^te c6 il^m jn ncl^mcn, ift ba^fclbe tt)ie:
cr bcfd^lofe, ha^ er c^ if)m ncfimcn IdoHc.
NOTE
Subjunctive (^onjunftit))
PRESENT PRETERIT
id^ f)abe ^ id^ \)'dtU
bu l^abeft bu l^atteft
cr (fie, e^) f^abc cr (fie, c^) fiiitte
tt)ir {)aben h)ir l^atten
i\)x l^abet if)r fiattct
fie f)aben fie {)cttten
What vowel figures in every ending of every subjunctive
form, with the exception of id^ (er) fei?
I04 beginners' GERMAN
Are the subjunctive forms, used in the story, employed in
direct speech?
If not, change the indirect discourse into direct statements.
Is there a so-called sequence of tenses, or is the same
tense used in indirect discourse which was, or would be,
used in direct speech?
Is the stem- vowel of the present subjunctive modified?
How about the preterit subjunctive? Of all verbs?
Conjugate in full, changing the direct speech into indirect
speech:
Set Sefircr fagtc: (t(^ bin faul)
bu bi[t faul uflD*
E.g.
Dcr Sel^rcr fagte, bafe td^ faul fei (mare) ober \6) fei faul,
bafe bu faul fei(e)ft (tDarcft) ufm.
Also change the direct question into indirect question:
2)?ein 93ater fragte mid^: §aft bu beinc Slufgabe gemac^t?
f)at cr feine Slufgabc gemad^t? uftn*
9Ketn 33ater fragte mid^, ob x6) meine Slufgabe gemad^t l^atte
betn 93ater fragte btd^, ob bu beine Slufgabe gentad^t f)abeft
(f)atteft), etc.
Generally in the subjunctive those forms are used that differ
from the respective indicative forms.
What is the conventional form of the imperative in reality,
e.g. feien ©ie aufmerffam?
Is there any imperative in the third person?
BEGINNERS GERMAN IO5
Heununbbrd^tgftc 2lufgabe
Xtil einc^ Sricfei^ t)pn ©uctl^e an ©critter in ^ma
SBcimar, ben 4. September 1794.
5yjcld^fte SBod^e gel^t ber ^of nad^ (gtfenad^, unb id^ tDerbe 14
3:age fo attein unb unabfictngig [eiti, rt)ie id) fo balb tiid^t iDteber
t)or mir fef)e* SBoltten ©ie mi($ nid^t in btefer S^^i befuc^en^
bci mir tt)of)nen unb bleiben? ©ie iDlirben jebe Slrt Don Slrbeit
rul^ig t)ome]^men fonnen. 2Bir befpradfien un^ in bequemen
©tunben, faf)en greunbe, bie un^ am afinlic^ften gefinnt toavtn,
unb tDiirben nid^t of)ne 5yiu^en fd^eiben* ©ie follten ganj nad^
-3^rer 2trt unb SBeife leben unb fid^ tiok p ^aufe moglid^ft ein^
rid^ten^ ®aburd^ tDiirbe id^ in ben ©tanb gefe^t, ^f)nen bon
meinen ©ammlungen ba^ SBid^tigfte gu s^io^tt, unb mefirere
gaben tDiirben fid^ jmifd^en un^ anfniipfen^ S3om 14. an
tDllrben ©ie mid^ ju ^^xtv Slufnafime bereit finben.
33i^ ba{)in berfpare id^ fo mand^e^, ba^ id^ gu fagen l^abe, unb
Mnfd^e inbeffen red^t iDol^I ju leben.
Seben ©ie red^t irol^I, unb grit^en ©ie bie 3^t*igen.
3?ierjef)n 3:age finb jtrei SBod^en, aber ,,ad^t 3:age"
ift im ©eutfd^en ba^felbe tt)ie eine SBod^e. SBar==
-um?
©cfmnt ift ein SlbjeWit) t)on ber Sinn. 2Ba^ finb
iebod^ bie ©runbformen t)on fmnen?
SBa^ nid^t of)ne 5yiu^en ift, ift nlt^Iid^.
2Ba^ ol^ne 5Jlu^en ift, ift nu^to;^.
2Ba^ ift enblo^, finnlo^?
211^ ®oetf)e biefen S3rief an ©driller fd^rieb, tdav
biefer ^rofeffor an ber Uniderfitat ^ena.
Io6 beginners' GERMAN
®octf)c tear in ber ^at)t, am ^ofe be6 giirftcn
Mavl Sluguft in SBeimar*
^eigen ®ie ^'ena unb SBeimar auf ber Cartel
2Bic alt h)aren ®oetf)c nnb ©driller im ^cil^re
1794?
SBe^iDcgen n)oHtc ©06%, bafe ©driller il^n t)om
14. bi^ 27* ©eptember befud^en folk?
SBo folltc ©(filter iDol^ncn unb bleiben?
28a^ tDoItten fie tun?
9Ba^ tDoIIte ©oetl^e feinem S^^^i^nbe geigen?
SSarum fd^rieb er nid^t met)v?
iJBiinfd^te ©oet^e, bafe ©driller Wme?
SSieberl^oIen ©ie ben gangen iBrief !
?efen ©ie il^n!
3efet tDerbe id^ il^n 3^tien biftieren!
©d^reiben ©ie einen cil^nlid^en iBrief !
Rewrite the letter from SBoKten ®te to etn^
rid^ten substituting tnurbcn for every sub-
junctive.
Rewrite the letter using the familiar form
of address.
Rewrite the letter omitting all subjunctives.
NOTE
What is the force of the subjunctives tOoUttn, bcfprfid^eti,
faffcn, fotttcn?
Is the stem- vowel (a, o, u) of the preterit subjunctive
modified in the strong verbs?
How about the weak verbs?
If not, do not the preterit forms of the indicative and
subjunctive of regular weak verbs coincide?
beginners' GERMAN 107
What is the force of the subjunctive gefttmt tofirett?
What does the subjunctive id) tDiinfd^te, bafe er fame, ex-
press?
Does the subjunctive state facts or ideas?
Give illustrations, orally and in writing, in which the
subjunctive expresses:
1. an ideal condition,
2. possibility,
3. wish or exhortation,
4. indirect statement or indirect question.
SBa^ tniirbcn ®ie tun, metin ®ie f)cute frci I)atten?
Sd) iDiirbe fpajieren gef)cn, tDcnti id) fieutc frci f)attc;
bu iDiirbeft fpaateren gef)en, n)cnn bu fieute frei f)(itteft ufft).
Conjugate this in full, then:
SBenn id^ f)cute frei ficittc, tDiirbe id) au^gcf)cn;
and finally:
§attc id) f)cutc frci, fo miirbc id) au^gcf)cn.
Take the same sentence in the three formations, and con-
jugate it in the compound tenses.
E.g.
3d) tDiirbe fpasteren gegangen fctn, menn id^ frei gel^abt fiatte ufm»
Z)ier3tgfte 2Iufgabe
2)ie Sd^ulen
Ste ©d^ulen finb offentlid^e ©ebtiube. S)ie ©tabt l^at fie
fiir bie ^ugcnb bauen laffen. S)ie ©driller unb ©d^ulerinnen
fonnen unb folten eth)a^ bartn lemen. Sllle ^inber ntllffen mit
6 ^al^ren in bie ©d^ule gel^en* ^ebe^ ^inb mufe bie ©d^ule 8
3?af)re befud^en. ^ier toixb e^ im ?efen, ©d^reiben, 9Jed^nen
nfm. unterrid^tet. 2lud^ tt)i(t bie ©d^ule f)elfen, ba^ ^inb gu
einem orbentlid^en 9Wenfd^en ju ergtel^en.
Io8 beginners' GERMAN
^n ben SBoH^fd^uIen toirb ba^ Qtltf)vt, toa^ ieber 9}Jenfd^ im
Scben h)tffcn mufe*
^n ben l^ol^eren ©d^ulen follen bte ^tnber nod^ mel^r lernen*
3febe6 ^tnb mufe eine S3oIf^f(^uIe befud^en, iDenn e^ in feme
anbere ©d^ule gel^t, (S^ gibt ami) ^ribatfd^nlen, bie man be^
fnd^en barf ober mag* S)ie f)6d^[te ©d^nle ift bie ^od^fd^nle
ober bie Uniderfitdt* ®ie ©driller ber Uniderfitaten fieifeen
©tnbenten, 2lnf ber Uniderfitat ftnbieren bie inngen Sente,
toeld^e Siid^ter, Srjte, ^farrer ober Sel^rer tnerben tDotten.
??ragen
SBa^ filr ©ebdube (§dnfer) finb bie ©d^nlen?
giir toen l^at bie ©tabt fie gebant?
giir tren l^at bie ©tabt fie banen kffen?
9Wiiffen alle ^inber in bie ©d^ule gef)en?
iEBie lange?
5G3a^ lernen fie in ber ©d^ule?
iffiiffen ©ie, tt)a6 bie ©d^nle and^ nod^ tDilt?
28o lemt man diel?
Qn tDeld^en ©d^uten lemt man mef)r?
Unb tt)o lemt man am meiften?
®ibt e^ and^ ^ridatfd^nlen?
©arf man biefe befnd^en?
2Ba^ fiir Sente ftnbieren anf ben Uniderfitaten?
9?ennen ©ie einige gro^e amerifanifc^e Uniderfi^
tdten!
^ennen ©ie and^ bie 5^amen Don einigen ber 21
bentfd^en Uniderfitciten?
!J)ie l^ol^eren ©d^nlen trerben in 3lmerifa high
schools genannt.
Q\t eine amerifanifc^e high school ba^felbe iDie
eine bentfd^e §od^f(i^nIe? iffiamm nid^t?
beginners' GERMAN IO9
©agen ©ic nun, tt)a^ ®ie il6er bic ©d^ulen tniffcn!
Sefen ©ic ben furjcn Sluffa^ bariibcr in Q^vtm
Suc^e!
©d^reiben ©le ettt)a6 bariibcr, unb ncnnen ©ic
einige SSoIf^fd^uIen, high schools unb Uni^
t)crfitaten» — 33ef(^reiben ©ie and) bic Sage bcr^
fclbcn!
NOTE
What is the difference between ItJtffcn, fcnnctt, and {i)nnen?
E.g.
SBiffen ©ie, tda^ ©ie in ber ©d^ule tun ntiiffen?
.Sennen ©ie alle ?e^rer unb ^el^rerinnen 3f)rer ©d^ule?
^onnen ©ie fd^on ein tDenig 35eutfd^ fpred^en? Give three
illustrations of your own.
MODAL AUXILIARIES
onnen bttrfen
foHen
nogen ntiiffen
tDoHen
PRESENT INDICATIVE
x(i) tanh i^ mag i^ barf id^ ntufe id) foH id^ mill
bu fannft — — — — —
cr fann er ntag er barf er mug er foil er mill
h)ir f onnen mir mogen mir biirfen mir miiffen mir follen mir toollen
\\)x fount — — — — —
fie f onnen — — — — —
How is the singular present of modal auxiliaries formed?
Like which tense of the strong verbs?
Can you conjugate the modal auxiliaries in English? In
German?
Could they be called defective in English ?
no BEGINNERS GERMAN
What are the English equivalents for:
fonncn (id^) fonntc gefonnt
TttoQcn mod^tc gctnod^t
biirfcn burfte gcburft
miiffcn nxufetc gemufet
follcn folltc gefoKt
tDoHcn tooUte getDoKt
Is there an Umlaut in the preterit and past participle?
How about the preterit subjunctive?
What do the following expressions mean in English?
!♦ Qii) farm nic^t6 bafiir*
2, SDu tnoc^teft e^ tt)oI)I tDiffen?
3, S)arf id) ®te barum bitten?
4, gr mufe f)eutc fort nad^ S)cutf(^Ianb,
5..aBa^folIba^?
6. ®ic foil fel)r reid^ gctDcfen fcin.
7. SBa^ toollen ®ic bamit fagen?
8. @^ fci bem, tDtc i{)m njolle,
9. (Sr toeife nid^t, toa^ er milL
SBo f)aben toir n)a^ fott e^ unb cr njcift ntd^t, toa;^ er tvxU gctiabt?
Rewrite the piece by changing every singular into the
plural and vice versa.
€inunbt>ter3tgftc 2tufgabe
mt tnit SBcirc
S^ ging auf ben 5l6enb p» S)a tarn etn frember SWann auf
ber Sanbftrafee ]^ergefaf)ren, ber mufete grofee @ile l^aben, benn
cr f)ieb auf feine ^ferbe, ha^ fie laufen mufeten, mel^r a\^ fte
mod^ten, Unb bem SBagen tat'^ and) nid^t gut; benn ber 9Beg
h)ar fteinig unb uneben* 211^ aber ber 9Kann einen SBanberer
einf)oIte, ber gu gufe einf)erging, l^ielt er tiwa^ an unb rief:
„®uter greunb, fann id^ tool)! nod^ in bie ©tabt fommen, e^e
beginners' GERMAN III
e6 9lad^t tdixb?' — J)er SBanbcr^mann \af) bic fcud^enben
^ferbe an unb ben SBagcn unb ben SSeg unb fagtc: „3ti/ ^^nn
3^f)r langfamer fal&rct 3^^ ^iH <Jud^ tiod^ bal^in.'' S)a bad^te
ber anbere: „J)a^ ift ein red^ter ?larr! ^'e fd&neller, befto ef)er!"
unb ranntc mit feinem SSagen rt)eiter bcm i^^feganger t)orau6»
211^ aber biefer fctnc^ ©d^rttte^ eine ©tunbc todttv gcgangen
unb e^ fc^on jicmlid^ bunfel tDar, fal^ er eine ^utfdje am SBege
liegen. S)ie ^utfd^e lam tl^m befannt t)or, unb ben 9Wann, ber
baneben ftanb unb auf [eine armen ^ferbe unb auf ben fd^Ied^ten
SBagen fd^intpfte, erfannte er aud^ tDieber. „®uter greunb/'
fprad^ er, „td^ l^ab'^ (Sud^ tt)oi)l gefagt, ^'f)v f)attet langfamer
fal^ren fotten^ ^l^r burftet nid^t fo fd^nett fafiren^ ^d^ mufe
6ud^ nun einen SBagen f)erau^fenben, tDenn id^ in bie ®tabt
fomme/'
211^ ber Si^fegcinger am folgenben 9Korgen im ®a[tf)aufe, too
er gefd^Iafen l^atte, auftDad^te unb gum genfter J^inau^fal^, fam
langfam unb lal^m ein SBagen baf)ev. J)en fannte ber SBan=
ber^mann, unb e^ taten il^m nur bie ^ferbe leib, bie iiber 9lad^t
nid^t^ gefreffen l^atten.
SBieilberfefeen ©ie ,,@ile mit SBeile'^?
^emanb, ber (gile '()at, ift eilig*
@in 3Beg, ber ©teine l^at, ift — ?
SBie iiberfe^en ®ie: e^ tut mir auc^ nid^t leib?
SBa6 tut ein SSanberer?
SBo l^aben tDir ttjanbem gelernt?
2Ba^ fiir ein 9Kann ift ein i5^feganger?
©inb bet SBagen unb bie Sutfc^e ba^felbe?
SBa^ tufeinSBagner?
SSo l&aben n)ir t§ bunfelt gel^abt?
112 beginners' GERMAN
9Bar e^ fd^on Slbenb ober iDurbc e^ crft Slbenb?
SBer fam auf ber ganbftrafee gefal^ren?
SBa^ tat ber 9Kann? SBanim?
2Bar ber 2Beg fteinlo^ unb eben?
9Ben traf ber frembe Tlann?
SBar btefer ju ^ferbe?
2Banntt)oIIte ber 5D?annmba^ nad^fteSorf fommen?
SBoIIte ber SBanber^mann aud^ nod^ bai)in?
aBa^ fagte er?
SBte lautete bte SlnttDort be^ ^^l^rmann^?
aSartete ber 9Kann auf ben SBanberer?
gul^r iener balb ab?
©unfelte e^ fdEion, al^ ber SSanberer eine .Sutfd^e
im SBege liegen faf)?
^annte er ben SBagen unb ben 9Kann?
SSa^ tat biefer?
2Bar er gornig? 93Barum?
2Ben mu^te ber SSanberer gum gnl^rmann fenben?
SBann unb iDie tarn ber SSagen enblid^ an?
SBarum taten bem gufegcinger bie ^ferbe leib?
-3ft e^ ber 9Wiif)e iDert, fid^ gu fel^r gu beeilen?
8of)nt e^ ftc^?
(Srjdl^Ien ©ie bie gange ©efd^td^te!
Sefen ©ie biefelbe laut bor!
©d^reiben ©ie {e^t eine Slrbeit bariiber!
©rjctl^Ien ©ie bie ©efd^ic^te guerft al^ gi^finnann,
bann al^ SBanberer!
NOTE
How is the present participle formed?
How is it declined?
beginners' GERMAN II3
Illustrate.
Observe: td^ tDcife, bu tdci^t, er tDcife, h3ir tDtffen, etc.
n)tffen, tDufete, getDufet.
Give the principal parts of ttliffctt in sentences.
Is there any similarity between the conjugation of id^ toctfe
and some other verbs?
Is there any' difference between:
ge{)en ®ie ^in, and
fommen ®ie ^cr? What is it?
How do you distinguish between the conjunctions taatttt^
mctttt, aU? Illustrate.
Are verbs of motion always expressed after modal aux-
iliary verbs? Illustrate.
Why are
fennen
brennen
fetiben
ncnncn
rennen
tt^enben
brinGcn, brad^te, gebrad^t
benfen, bad^te, gebad^t
irregular weak verbs? Why are they sometimes called
mixed verbs?
Give their principal parts in sentences.
Note the difference between:
: td^ {)(ittc e^ gcfoUt, and
id^ f)(ittc e^ tun fallen.
Illustrate the use of the two past participles of all aux-
iliary verbs of mood by original sentences.
Give the synopsis of all modal auxiliaries as follows:
id^ barf nteinen J^reunb befud^en,
bu burfteft bcinen greunb befud^en,
cr tDtrb feinen greunb be[ud^en biirfen,
tDir I)aben unferc greunbe befud^en biirfen,
tf)r l^attct cure greunbe befud^en biirfcn,
fie tDiirben if)rc greunbe l^afien befud^en biirfcn*
114 BEGINNERS GERMAN
Change the direct questions or statements in this story
into indirect ones.
Rewrite the whole story by changing the preterit:
1. into the perfect tense,
2. into the present.
^tDCtun&r>ier3igfte 2lufgabe
2)rci ?f tcunbc
@in 5D?ann l^attc brei greunbe; jlDci t)on tl^ncn licbtc er fel^r;
ber brittc tDar if)m glctci^giiltig, obtdoi)! bicfer e^ am el^rlid^ften
mit if)m mcintc, Sitter Sage^ touxht cr t)or ©crid^t geforbert,
n)o cr unfd^ulbig, aber ^art bcrflagt n)ar» ,,SBcr unter euc^/'
fprad^ er, „rt)itl mit mir gel^en unb fiir mic^ geugen? ©enn ic^
bin l^art t)erflagt h)orbcn," 3)er erfte feiner grcunbe entf($iil=
bigte fid^ foglcid^, ba^ er tDcgen anberer ©efd^cifte ntd^t mit if)m
gel^en fonne* S)er gtDeite begleitete if)n bi^ gur Jiir be^ 9ti(^t^
l^aufe^; ba fel^rte er um unb ging au^ i^urc^t t)or bem jormgen
SJid^ter ynvM. J)er britte, auf ben er am tcenigften gebaut
l^atte, ging l^inein, rebete fiir tl^n nnb geugte fo frenbig Don
feiner Unfd^ulb, bafe ber 9Kann bom 9ti(^ter freigefproc^en
tourbe,
S)rei greunbe l^at ber 2)?enf(^ in biefer SBelt, SBie betragen
fie fic^ in ber ©tunbe be6 Zobe^, ft)enn il^n ®ott t)or ©erid^t
forbert? J)a6 ®elb, fein befter grennb, berlafet tl^n guerft unb
gel^t nid^t mit il^m^ (Seine 25ern)anbten unb greunbe begleiten
il^n bi^ jur Jiir be^ ®rabe6 unb fel^ren tDieber in tl^re ^dufer.
3)er britte, ben er im ^tbtn oft am meiften t)erga6, ftnb feine
iDol^ltdtigen SBerfe. ®ie allein begleiten il^n bi^ gum 2^f)rone
be^ SJid^ter^; fie gefien boran, fpred^en fiir il^n unb finben
Sarm{)erjigfeit unb @nabc»
3.®. Berber.
beginners' GERMAN II5
9Ba^ tut cm 9?id^ter ttn ©cric^t?
Scugctt fieifet fiir ober gegen icntanbcn fprcd^cn^
^emanb, ber ©d^ulb l^at, ift fd^ulbig.
@tncr, ber feinc ©c^ulb ^at, i[t — ♦
iffia^ tut ein ©d^ulbiger? (gr — ftd^,
9Borum bittet eiu ©d^ulbiger? (gr bittet um —
ober um S3 — ♦
SBa^ filr ein 9Wauu ift ein gomiger 9Kann? 3ut:nt
er?
SBer i^vtuht l^at, ift — .
SBer feine greube l^at, ift — •
233a^ tut ein freubiger 9Kenfd^? @r — fid^*
9Bie biele greunbe ^atte ein 9Wann?
§atte er alte gleid^ gem?
§atte er gmei i)on ifinen liefter al^ ben britten?
Ober l^atte er ben britten am Ite6ften?
SBie ftanb er gum britten?
aSer toav ber e^rlid^fte unter feinen greunben?
9Bann tDurbe ber Warm t)or ©erid^t gerufen?
2Be6^aIb?
SBorum bat er feine greunbe?
aSomit entfd^ulbigte fid^ ber erfte greunb?
SBie todt ging ber gtreite mit?
SBe^lDegen h)anbte er fid^?
aBa^ tat ber britte greunb, ber ilim am gleid
giiltigften toax?
SBer fprad^ ben 9Kann frei?
SSon tDem touxht er freigefprod^en?
SBer finb bie brei gt^eunbe, bie tt)iv l^aben?
Il6 BEGINNERS GERMAN
SBic bef)anbelt bcr erfte greunb hen 93?enf(i^en in
ber S^obe^ftunbe?
®ef)en bie jtDciten greunbe bi6 gur ©rabe^tiir mit?
SBie f)cifet ber britte greunb be^ SWenfc^en?
J^olgt tl^m biefer bi^ sum Siic^tertl^ron?
SBa^ crtDtrft er fiir ben SWenfc^en?
©rjal^Ien ®ie bie ganje gabel!
Sefen ©ie ba^ ©tiidf !
©d^reiben ©ie e^!
NOTE
Supply the missing relative pronoun in:
@in SJJann, — greunbe if)n liebten, tDurbe eine^ Sage^ t)er!Iagt.
What is the difference in the use of cases between:
eine^ Xaqt§ and jcbcn Xaq?
PASSIVE
Present — id) mxbt feinetiDegen t^erflagt.
Preterit — bu tDurbeft feinettnegen Derflagt*
Future — er h)irb feinettDegen berflagt toerben.
Perfect — mir finb feinettDegen berflagt tporben.
Pluperfect — xi)x toavt feinetlDegen t)erflagt iDorben,
Perf. Cond. — fte tDiirben feinetmegen t)erflagt tt)orben fein.
What is the auxiliary in the formation of the true passive
voice of action?
Is there a so-called passive of description or* condition,
where the past participle has adjective force?
E.g.
er tDurbe t)erflagt = he was being accused, but
er h)ar t)erflagt = he was accused (an accused person, he
had been accused).
beginners' GERMAN II7
Distinguish similarly between:
©ic S^ilren merben gefd^Ioffen (geoffnct), and
bie 2:ilren finb gefd^Ioffen (geoffnet).
How is the English ^^by" in connection with the passive
rendered in German? Illustrate.
Change in the last paragraph, as far as possible, the active
into the passive, both orally and in writing.
Change the direct speech of the man into indirect dis-
course, and the indirect speech of the first friend into direct
speech.
Dretunbpterjigfte 2lufgabe
©te l^ol^eren ^nabenfc^ulen be^ ©eutfd^en dtd6)t^ gcrfatten
in ®t}mnaften, Ofealgijtnnaften unb Oberreatfd^ulen. Wt btefe
Slnftaltcn tiaben einen neunial^rigen ^urfu^. S)ie ©d^iiler ber
erften Slnftalt l^etfeen ©ijmnaftaften, bie ber stDeiten: dttalQt^m^
naftaften, unb bie ber britten Slnftalt: Oberrealfd^iiler* S)te
^laffen in alien brei ©d^ulen l^etfeen t)on unten auf: ©eyta,
Outnta, Ouarta, Untertertia, Obertertia, Unterfefunba,
Oberfefunba, Unterprima unb Oberprtma. 9^ad^ beftanbener
Unterfefunba ober nac^ [ec^^ ^ai)vtn erl^alten bie iungen Seute
ba^ (gtniaf)rig=greitr)tlltge^3eugnt^ jum 9JftIitarbien[t. 9^a(§
beftanbenem enbglilttgen (gfamen iDirb ber Oberprimaner 2lbi^
turient unb mufe gu alien Umberfitcit^ftubien an alien 21
beutfc^en Unttjerfttciten unb an bm 10 ted^ntfd^en ^od^fd^ulen
3ugelaf[en t^erben* ^n alien I)oI)eren Seliranftalten ti3erben
Seutf(^, arjatf)emattf, 9^aturtDtffenf(^aften, ®ef(^t(i^te, @rb:=
funbe, ^Religion, 3^t(finen, ©ingen unb Jurnen gelel^rt* ©ie
anberen Sel^rfad^er, b. i). bie fremben ©prad^en, finb fo tjerteilt,
Il8 beginners' GERMAN
ba^ ?atcin, ©rted^tfd^ unb grangoftfd^ auf ben ©^mnaften ht^
trieben tDcrben, auf ben 3JeaIgt)mnaften gatein unb neuere
©prad^en, nctmlid^ granaoftfd^ unb ©nglifd^, unb auf ben Cber=
realfd^ulen nur bie neueren ©prad^en* ©ie ®(f)uler finb beim
gintritt gelnofinltd^ neun bi^ jefin ^'afire alt unb f)aben brei bi^
bier ^al^re^furfe ber 33oIf6fd^uIe, ober eine S3orfd^uIe t)on brei=
ial^riger Saner, — fed^^ Jage bie SBod^e, — burd^gemad^t
3)ie gerien bauem gemoJ^nlid^ elf SBod^en, b. ^. Oftern jmei
SBod^en, ^fingften eine SBod^e, grofee ©omnterferien bier bi^
fiinf ilBod^en, Wi^adi^ eine bi^ jtnei SBod^en unb SBeil^nad^ten
jtDei SBod^en* S)er Slbiturient einer l^ol^eren beutfd^en Sef)r*
anftalt biirfte fo gut n)ie ein Junior eine^ amerifanifd^en col-
lege borgebilbet fein*
®ie 9Kabd^en befud^en gelnol^nlid^ fogenannte $o{)ere 9)?ab^
d^enfd^ulen. ^eijt gibt e^ aud^ einige 2Wabd)engl}mnafien, n)el(^e
ben ©d^iilerinnen biefelben S3ered^tigungen erteilen tt)ie bie ent^
fpred^enben f)6l^eren ^nabenfd^ulen*
Stagcn
2Bie biele Slrten t)on l^ol^eren beutfd^en ^naben^
fd^ulen gibt e^?
SBie fieifeen biefelben unb beren ©driller?
SBie nennt man bie ©driller ber berfd^iebenen neun
^laffen?
©ie iungen ©eutfd^en miiffen 2 ober 3 Qai)vt ®oU
bat fein im ^eere ober in ber SKarine*
iEBer braud^t nur ein ^ai)v gu bienen? i!Be^f)aIb?
!Darf ein Slbiturient iiberatt ftubieren?
SBie biele beutfd^e Uniberfitaten fennen ©ie?
©eben ©ie bie gemeinfamen Sel^rfad^er ber l^ol^eren
©d^ulen an!
beginners' GERMAN IIQ
SBic ncnnt man ©rbfunbe fonft nod^?
©ic SBotanif, bit ^oologic, ^l^tjfif unb ©l^cmic
[tub 9iaturn)iffcnfci^aftcn»
SBcId^c ©prad^en tocrbcn auf bcm ©^mnafium gc^
le^rt?
SBcId^e auf bcm Stealgtjmnaftum?
Unb tDelc^c auf bcr Obcrrcalfd^ulc?
SBelc^e^ ift bie SBorbilbung ber f)o^ercn ©ci^iller?
3n tDcId^em Sllter fommen ftc gelDotinUd^ in bic
i)oi)txtn ©d^ulcn?
^at man in 3)cutf(^Ianb fiinftcigigcn Untcrrid^t
rt)0(^entltd^ obcr n)irb in ©eutfd^Ianb an fcd^^
Sagen untcrric^tet?
SBic tdtxbm bie gerien eingeteilt?
SBie gut tDcrben bie f)6f)eren ©collier au^ge^
bilbet?
2Ba^ fonnen ©ie iiber bie 9Wabd^enfd^uIen fagen?
(Srjal^Ien ©ie alte^, tda^ ©ie iiber bie ]^6f)eren
beutfd^en ©d^ulen njiffen!
SSergleid^en ©ie bie beutfd^en ©d^ulen mit ben
amerifanifd^en ©d^ulen!
?efen ©ie ha^ ©tildf je^t in ^^xtm S3ud&e nad^!
©d^reiben ©ie einen Heinen Stuff a^ bariiber!
NOTE
In what number are the names of the great holidays used
in German? E.g. SBeif)nac^ten, etc.
Substitute for jerfatten the verb eintdten.
Substitute for l^ei^en the verb nennen.
In the two sentences which begin with the preposition
nac^, use the conjunction nad^bem, orally and in writing.
I20 BEGINNERS GERMAN
Change into the passive in all persons and tenses:
i^ nel^me mein 93u(^,
id) offne mein 58uc^,
id) fdjiiefee mein 93nd^,
id) lege mein ^ud) !)in»
E.g.
9Wein (ba^) ^nd) tt)irb tjon mir genommen, etc.
t)terunbt)ter3igfte 2lufgabe
2)ie 2)eutf^ett in Slmcrifa
©eutfd^e finb in ber ganjen SBelt gu finben* ©ie jal^Ien bei^
naf)e 100 9}JiItionen, Don benen nngefctl^r 68 2)?iIIionen in
©entfd^Ianb nnb 15 9KiIIionen in Cfterreid^ inol^nen^ @^ gibt
and) Diele 3)entf(f)e in ber (Sd)ii3eij nnb in Jfn^Ianb, 3)ie grofete
5af)l S)entf(^er im Sln^Ianb finbet man in ben S3ereinigten
©taaten^ ®d)on *ipenn bvad)U, aU er fic^ 1682 in "ipenn^^
f^banien nieberliefe, biele ®entf($e, fianptfad^IicO JRI^einpfaljer,
mit, benen im erften ©rittel be^ 18. ^cil^rl^unbert^ bdxdd)U
lid)t ©d^aren folgten, bie immer inieber nenen ?ta(^f($nb er==
l^ielten. .^ntereffant ift e^, ha^ ein ©entfc^er, namen^ ^eter
9Kinnit, 1626 jnm erften tnirflic^en ©ontiernenr t)on Sleti)
g)orf getnctl^It h^nrbe, nac^bem er bie 22 englifd^e Onabrat^
meiten gro^e ^nfel aWanl^attan fiir 100 W:avt t)on ben ^n^
bianem gefanft l^atte. ©d^on im ^ai)ve 1787 bilbete fid^ einc
bentfd^e ©efeltfd^aft in 5Retn g)orf, bie Don btn angefel^enften
bentfd^en ^anflenten nnb ©rnnbbefi^em begrllnbet iDorben inar
unb t)on il^nen nnterftii^t tonrbe.
®a^ ^ai)x 1848 bvad)U t)iele ©entfd^e nad^ Slmcrifa. @iner
ber beften bon il^nen, ^arl ©d^nrj, ein ebenfo gnter ©entfd^er
n)ie trener Siirger ber 33ereinigten ©taaten, bef)anbelte in Diel^
BEGINNERS GERMAN 121
Bcad^tetcr SRebc ben ©influ^ be^ ©eutfd^tum^ auf btc Union
unb jeigte babei, tt)ie frctfttg bte 35eutfc^:=2Imerifaner an bem
gortfd^ritt be^ f)umanen ©eifte^ in Slmerifa mitgeh)irft f)aben.
Unter anberem fagte er, bafe bie ©eutfd^en bie ^flege ber ^unft
unb be^ ©efange^ mitgebrad)t l^atten, fo ha^ bie $Ka[t t)on ber
Strbeit in alien ^laffen be^ 93oIfe^ mef)r unb mel^r t)on bem
©onnenfc^ein eine^ l^eiteren geben^genuffe^ burc^Iend^tet tnerbe^
,,9^i(^t allein tdiv," fo fagte ^arl ©d^urg, ,,fonbem je^t aud^
eine 2)?ef)rja]^I bon benen, beren SSomrteil erft iibertonnben
tDerben mnfete, freut fic^ biefer Sefefirung jum grol^finn."
Unb toie anf amerifanifd^em Soben ein ©entfc^er in bef(^ei=
bener SBeife bie S3erbienfte ber ©eutfd^en um bie 5Sereinigten
©taaten betonte, fo tat bie^ in h)eit frfiftigerer §lrt ein Slmeri^^
faner anf bentfd^er (grbe, unb gtoar 3:f)eobore 9?oofet)eIt gele=
gentlic^ feiner Sorlefung in ber iBerliner Unit)erfitat am 12.
9Wai 1910. @r bemerfte, ba^ er in biefe^ ?anb t)on rul^m^^
t)olIer S5ergangenf)eit unb glctnjenber ®egentx)art al^ §lngef)o^
riger eine^ inngen SSoIfe^ fomme, auf ba^ 3)eutfd^lanb grofeen
(ginflufe au^geiibt: „2)er beutfd^e 5lnteil an unferem i8Iut ift
grofe, benn faft bon SInbeginn an ift ba^ beutfd^e Element unter
ben einanber folgenben SBogen Don Slnfommlingen, beren ^in^
be^tinber in bie dmerifanifd^e Station Derarbeitet iDorben finb
unb nod^ loerben, grofe getnefen; unb id^ felbft fuf)re meine W)^
ftammung auf {enen 3^^i9 ber 9lieberbeutfd[)en guritdf, Wd^tv
^ollanb au^ ber 9Jorbfee emporgel^oben f)at. Unb noc^ mctjV,
toir l^aben bon ifinen nid^t nur einen grofeen Seil be^ iBIute^,
ba6 burd^ unfere 5lbem rinnt, entnommen, fonbem aud^ einen
grofeen Jeil ber ©ebanfenn^elt, burd^ toeld^e unfere ©enfarbeit
beftimmt toirb."
Syjan nimmt an, ba^ in ben S?ereinigten ©taaten nal^e an
brei aWillionen in ©eutfd^lanb geborene ^erfonen h)of)nen. S)ie
3ci]^l alter au^ beutfd^en gamilien ftammenben S3etoof)ner, b. i).
122 beginners' GERMAN
jencr, bcrcn Bcibc ©Item ober bcren SBatcr obcr SKuttcr in
Scutfd^Ianb geboren tDurbcn, ift abcr nttt ncun 9}JiIIioncn ntdf}!
gu l^od& flefd^dfet; ba^ mad^t ben jel^nten Jeil ber ©efamtbedol^
fcrung au^, 9lad& „!Dcutf^Ianb aU mitmad)t," 6. 837.
SBo ftnb bie ©cutfd^en gn finbcn?
SBie t)ielc S)entfd^e gfil^It man im gangen?
SBie t)ielc gintrol^ner f)at ©entfd^Ianb?
Unb bic SBcreinigten ©taaten?
SBer brad^te t)ielc ©entfd^e mit nad^ Slmerifa?
28a^ fiir ?anb^Ientc tDaren bie^ junt grofe ten Xdl?
aSeld^er ©eutfd^e tDurbe gnerft in Slmerifa offent^
lid^ geel^rt?
Sffiogn iDurbe er Qttdaf)lt?
SBie l^iefe ber ©taat ^tto 2)orf guerft?
Unb h)ie bie ©tabt?
iffiie t)iele ©oltar beiaf)ltt ^eter 9Kinuit fiir 9Wan^
l&attan?
3n hjeld^em S'al^re be^ nennjel^nten 3a]^rf)nnbert^
famen biele ©entfd^e nad^ Stmerifa? SBamm?
2Ba6 n)iffen ©ie bon ^arl ©d^nrj?
<^ennen ©ie feine Siid^er liber $enr^ (Slai) unb
Slbral^am Sincoln?
fatten ©ie if)n fiir einen grofeen 9Kann?
?ebt ^axl ©d^urj nod^?
§at er ie ein offentlid^e^ 2lmt befleibet?
SBeld^e Jugenben fiaben bie ©eutfd^en nad^ Slme^
rifa mitgebrad^t?
SBeld^er grofee Slmerifaner betonte ebenfaE^ ben
Sinflufe ber 3)eutfd^en auf nnb bie S3erbienfte
berfelben urn bie S3ereinigten ©taaten?
beginners' GERMAN 1 23
SBo iDurbc biefc 9?ebc gel^alten? SBann?
SBie ift S)eutf(^Ianb^ S^ergangcnfieit?
SBte feinc ©egenmart?
2Ba^ benfen ©ic t)on ©eutfd^Ianb^ S^f^ri\t?
§aben t)iele Slmerifaner beutfd^e^ Slut in il^rcn
3lbcm?
SBeld^er Slbftammung ift Sfieobore SRoofebelt?
SBie Diele ®eutf(^=§ltnertfaner folteti in ben 33cr*
einigten ©taaten tDof)nen?
@rsaf)len ©ie, tt)a6 @ic liber bie S)eut[d^en in
§lmerifa gu fagen f)aben!
Sefen ©ie bie ©arftettung!
©eben ©ie bie 23Bieberf)oIung berfelben [d^riftlic^!
NOTE
SSermanbeIn ©ie bie inbireft gegebene 9?ebe bon ^art ©d^ur^ in
birefte $Rebe!
Unb htn bireft gegebenen ©a^ in inbirette 5Rebe!
SSermanbeIn ©ie, miinblic^ unb fd^riftlid^, 9Ioofet)eIt^ Semer^
fungen!
SBie.iiberfefeen ©ie:
©eutfc^e finb iiberatl gu finben^
®a^ ift nid^t gu glauben!
3c^ l)abe e^ fagen {)oren,
®a^ taftt fxd) {)offen (possibility).
Q^ ttjurbe ben lieben langen S:ag gegeffen unb getrunfen*
Observe:
9Man finbet t)iete Slu^tttnber in biefem Sanbe^
(Sine ©efellfd^aft tiilbet fi^.
Is the passive used as much in German as it is in English?
Does every verb form a personal passive in German?
124 beginners' GERMAN
Is the passive always used when the agent is expressed?
How does the German avoid the passive voice, and what
substitutes are used?
Observe the flexibility of English in the use of the passive.
Active: He gave me a pencil.
@r gab ntir einen S3Ieiftift*
Passive: I was given a pencil (a pencil was given me).
Mix murbe ein S3Ieifttft t)on if)m gegeben*
5unfunbr)ter3tgfte 2lufgabe
(Review)
2)eutfrf|Ianb iificr attc^
1. 3)eutf(^Ianb, ©eutfd^Ianb ilber ato,
liber alle^ in ber SSelt,
SBenn e^ ftet^ ju ©d^u^ unb Jru^e
S3ruberltd^ Sufammenf)alt,
25on ber SKaa^ bi^ an bte 9WemeI,
S?on ber gtfc^ bi^ an ben Selt.
S)entfc^Ianb, ©eutfd^lanb iiber alte^,
liber alle^ in ber SSelt!
2. S)eutf(^e granen, bentfd^e Jrene,
©eutfc^er SSein unb beutfd^er ©ang
©ollen in ber 2BeIt befialten
3^]^ren alten fc^onen .^lang,
Un^ ju ebler 2:at begeiftem
Unfer gan^e^ Seben lang*
©entfd^e grauen, bentfd^e Jrene,
!J)ent[(^er SBein unb beutfd^er ©ang!
beginners' GERMAN 12$
Sitiigfeit unb dtt^t unb J^^^tl^^it
gur ba^ beutfd^e SSaterlanb,
©attach lafet un^ alte ftreben
SBruberlid^ tnit ^ers unb ^anb!
ginigfeit unb 9?e(^t unb gretf)eit
©inb be^ ©liide^ Unterpfanb.
nW im ©lanje btefe^ ©lilde^,
S3Iuf)c beutfd^e^ SSaterlanb!
Hoffmann t)on Sallcr^Icbcn.
®te 2)?aa^, bie 2JJenteI unb bie (gtfd^ [tub gliiffc.
S)ie gjJaa^ ift im SBeften bon ®eutf($Ianb. 2Bo?
2)te aWemel ift tm Often ©eutfd^Ianb^.
S)te (gtfd^ ift im ©ilben don ©eutfc^Ianb, unb bcr
Selt, fojufagen ein Seil be^ S3altifc^en 5D?eere^,
ift im 9^orben don ©eutfci^Ianb*
S)a^ iBaltifd^e 2)?eer l^eifet gett)o^nIi($ bie Oftfee*
3ft bie 2)?emel auf beutfd^em iBoben?
SBo liegen bie anberen ®ert)(iffer?
3eigen ©ie alle^ auf ber Cartel
aSarum fieifet e^ im Often S)eutfd^Ianb^ unb nic^t
don ®eutf(^Ianb?
2Ba6 fann man anftatt ftet^ noc^ fagen?
iffiie toiirben ©ie ju ©d^u^ unb 3:ru^ au^briiden?
SBerftel^en ©ie {e^t ba^ ?ieb?
©ingen ©ie e^!
?emen ©ie e^ filr bie nad^ften ©tunben au^lDenbig,
fo ha^ ©ie e^ aud^ fd^reiben fonnen!
Hoffmann don galter^Ieben ift ber ©id^ter biefe^
5RationalIiebe6 ber ©eutfd^en (feit 1871), ba^
auc^ 2)a^ Sicb ber ^eutfd&en genannt toirb*
126 beginners' GERMAN
S)ic aWelobie rill^rt Don ^atjhn f)tx unb tft glcid^^
Seitig bie 9WeIobic fiir bie ofterrcid^ifd^e S^ational^
l^^tnne: ,,®ott er^altc ^^xaxii ben ^aifer^''
5cdjsunbDter3tgfte ^ufgabe
S)eutfc^tattb^ Stettung in bcr aBcttrt)irtf(^aft
3n ben 3^iten ber SBoIfemanbemng l^at ber bem bentfc^en
IBoIfe innetDol^nenbe SBanbertrieb bie ©ermanenfttintme nad^
bem ©iiben unb SBeften gefiil^rt, nad^ ^talien^ granfreid^,
©panien unb Slfrifa, bann tief bi^ nad^ Ungarn l^inein unb
'h)ieber norbmart^ nad^ Snglanb. Unb fd^on balb nad^ ber (gtni=
rgung ber beutfd&en ©tamme unter ben erften fraftbotten @ad^-
fenfaifern, bann unter ben ^ol^enftaufen unb [pater in ber 3^it
t)e^ Seutfd^^errenorben^ erlDiefen bie 5)eutfd^en i^ren S3emf
aU ^olonifatoren ber 9lorb^ unb Oftmarfen in l^eifeen ^ampfen
gegen SBenben unb ^reufeen, Tlit ber ®eh)innung ber Oftfee
begann bie iBIiltejeit ber beutfd^en ^anfa. 3^^ cS^it ber ^reuj^
jiige, aU bie italienifd^en ^anbel^ftdbte mel^r in ben SSorber^
grunb traten, bllil^ten bie SBoJ^npIct^e im ©Uben S)eutfd^lanb^
auf: SBien, Slug^burg, Ulm unb 9^iimberg»
S)ie Sntbedfung neuer ^anbel^tDege am Stu^gang be6 9WitteI'
altera fanb bie S)eutfd^en nid^t untcttig, n)enngleid^ bie romani^
fd^en 9?ationen, bie ^ortugiefen unb ©panier, baran ben
^auptteil l^atten, ^n^befonbere tDaren bie gugger unb SBelfer,
reid^e ^aufteute in Slug^burg, beftrebt, bie neuen ffierfel^r^der^
l^ciltniffe fid^ bienftbar su madden, ©ie tiaben glotten au^
fpanifd^en C^afen au^gel^en ta[fen unb fid^ am fpanifd^en ®e=
tDiirgfianbel beteiligt, ja felbft gu (groberungen unb Slnfiebe*
lungen auf frembem SBoben finb [ie [ortge[d^ritten» S3enejuela
tDurbe be[e^t unb foHte rid^tiger SBeI[erIanb tieifeen. ©oc^
beginners' GERMAN 1 2/
ol^nc Untcrftil^ung burd^ ba^ dtd^, bent cine glotte fefilte,
n)nrben bie beutfd^en ^olonifatoren intmer ntel^r au^ i^ren
^anbel^bejiel^ungen berbrangt^ !Dte 8rauent)oIten 3^iten be^
©reifeigiftl&rigen ^riege^ Dollenbeten bm SSerfalt be^ beutfd^en
^anbete ju 8anb unb gur ®ee* ^^oHanb nnb gnglanb riff en
ba^ bentfd^e 6rbe an fid^» SBol^I berfud^te ber ©rofee ^nrfiirft,
ber in ber ©c^nle ber ^ottanber ]^erangen)ad^fen tioav unb bie
33ebeutung be^ 9Keere^ al^ Ouelle ber 33oIfergr6fee fennen ge^
lemt ijattt, bie ©d^opfung einer ^anbel^flotte unb bie ®riin=
bung einer ^olonie in SBeftafrifa^ ^m S'al^re 1683 tdavb trofe
be^ ©infprud^^ eiferfiid^tiger SKcid^te t)on einem 2:eile ber ^lifte
33efife ergriffen, ba^ i^ort ®ro6=griebrid^^burg erric^tet, unb
t)er]^eifeung^t)oIIe §anbel^besief)ungen tDurben eroffnei 3lber
fd^on fein 9?ad^foIger, ber erfte preufeifd^e ^onig griebrid^ I*^
l^atte fiir biefe 33eftrebungen iDenig ^tttereffe, unb griebrid^
2BiIf)eIm L, ber 33ater griebric^^ be^ ©rofeen, t)erfaufte feinen
S3efife an bie ^oIIanbifd^-SBeftinbifd^e ^ontpagnie fiir 6000
©ufaten.
Uber 200 ^al^re litt ba^ beutfd^e 3Solf unter feinen ungliidf^
feligen politifd^en SSerl^altniffen; e^ mar meerfremb gen)orben^
unb bent SJiidfgang be^ gelDerblid&en ?eben^ folgte nottDenbiger^
meife ber be^ geiftigen^
9^ur langfant bereitete fic^ ber Sintritt !Deutfd^Ianb6 in bie
dttif)t ber 9[BeIt{)anbeI^ntad^te \)ov. S)er ©inn fiir frembe^
SSoIf^tunt unb frentbe (gigenart Wax in !Deutfd^Ianb intnter
rege, leiber oft gu feinem ©d^aben> Slufeerbem tioax bie ^ennt-
ni^ ber frentben ©prad^en bei un^ allmfifilid^ gu fold^er SSer^
breitung gelangt tt)ie faunt anber^lDO, !Die unntittelbare
SSeranlaffung jur SnttDidflung ber iiberfeeifd^en ^ntereffen
©eutfd^Ianb^ aber tiouxbe bie beutfd^e Hu^tDanberung; l^aupt^
fftd^Iid^ nad^ 9?orbanterifa» ©eit betn Slnfang be^ 19» ^af)x^
l^unbert^ l^aben ntefir aU 5 aWiHionen S)eutfd^e fid& neue
128 beginners' GERMAN
SGBol^nfx^e m ber ^xemiic, f)auptfa(^lt(^ in 9^orbamertfa, gefiid^t,
tt)o iefet 8-9 ajjiltionen ©eutfc^e leben, ©ie tDirtfc^aftlid^e (gtn=
bufee, bie unfer S?aterlanb baburd^ eriitt, tft grofe. Slnberfeit^
aber finb e^ in erfter ?inie bie SSerfefir^bejie^ungen jn Slmerifa
getnefen, bie ben ^anbel nnferer §anfaftabte tDieber empor^
brad^ten^ SInf ber oftlid^en ^albfngel iDurbe perft Sf)inap
bann 3nbien erf(^Io[fen, unb 3aptJti offnete gu S3eginn ber 60er
3abre be6 t)origen 3ai^t*[)unbert^ feine ^afen bent bentfc^en
S3erfe^r» ^cutt t)oI{enb^ nmfpannen bie Don ©eutfd^Ianb an^^
laufenben S5er!e]^r^faben, bie je^t anc^ nad) 5lnftralien nnb ber
©xibfee ]^innbersief)en, ben gangen (grbball
©eit 53eginn ber 80er S'al^re ift ha^ 3)entf(^e 9?eid^ in bie
SJeil^e ber ^olonialnxctd^te eingetreten, unb e^ bel^errfd^t fieute
ein ©ebiet bon bem giinffad^en feiner eignen ©ro^e; e6 ftel^t
fontit unter ben ^olonialmctc^ten l^infic^tlic^ be^ gldd^eninfialt^
feiner 53efi^nngen fd^on an britter ©telle. S)a^ in ben
©df)u^gebieten angelegte Capital h)irb auf 240 SKillionen
2)?arf gefd^a^t, nnb beren (gin= unb §lu^fuf)rf)anbel betmg
1903 bereit^ 67 aWiltionen mart SSom ©efamttDerte be^
beutfd^en Slu^enl^anbel^, ber 1904 bie getnaltige ©umme
t)on 12,2 9KiItiarben 9Karf erreid^t l^at, entfallen | auf ben
©eel^anbeL
3n Stmerifa, befonber^ in Tlittth unb ©iibanterifa, befifeen
bie ©eutfd^en bebeutenbe ^anbel^nieberlaffungen mit ^ttvaU
tigen, oft ben SBert dieler aKitlionen befi^enben SBarenlagem.
3n 99?ittelanterifa, SBeftinbien, 9Wejifo unb ben Sctnbem ber
fiiblid^en ©olbfiifte f)aben fid^ beutfd^e ^lantagenbefifeungen ju
erf)eblidfter SBid^tigfeit entporgefd^tnungen. Safe ber beutfd^e
^anbel in §lnxerifa aud^ mefir unb md)x mit bem beutfd^en
Capital arbeitet, betneifen bie in iiingfter ^eit errid^teten iiber^
feeifd^en iBanfen. Sbenfo tDenben fid^ bie 3)eutfd^en in ben
amerifanifd^en Sanbem in gunefimenbem SJJafee bem 53au t)on
beginners' GERMAN 1 29
(gifettbal^nen ju* S5tele gabrifen ftnb tnit beutfd^etn Capital
unb bielfac^ fogar tnit beutfc^em TOatertd etngertcf) tet.
2lu(^ Slfrifa f)at filr ba^ ©eutfd^e 9?etd^, unb gtDar nic^t blo^
burc^ bie ^olonten, btc c6 bortfelbft beft^t, grofeen tt)irtf($aft==
lichen SBert. 3^ btefem (grbteil beftel^t eine grofeere Slngal^I
beutfc^er i^attovtkn unb ®e[(^aft^f)aufer* 2)?it beutfd^em
Capital [tnb mel^rere S3a{)nen gebaut, unb tDieberum fef)r be*
trcid^tlic^ tft bie Slnlage beutfd^en ^apitaB in htn [iibafrifani^
fc^en 93?inen.
-3n Hfien finben fid^ beutfc^e ^anbel^nieberlaf[ungen Don
Singapore bi^ 3BIabi)t)o[tof, beutfd^e gaftoreien nnb 'ipian:^
tagen auf ©umatra unb anbern ^nfeln. ^n ©d^angfiai arbei:=
tet bie S)eutf($:=2lfiatif(^e 53anf, unb bie Heinafiatifci^en S3af)nen
finb gum grofeten SEeile ba^ SBerf beutfc^er ©eologen, beutfc^er
^ngenieure unb beutf(i^er ^apitaliften^
yix(i)t gering finb bie beutfdfien SBirtfc^aft^intereffen [ogar in
Sluftralien unb ber ©iibfee. ?eben bod^ in Sluftralien felbft,
einfc^Iiefelic^ 5neu^©eelanb, iiber 100,000 ®eutf($e! Sluc^ ba^
©libfeegebiet fommt fiir un6 nic^t blofe infotDeit in ^etrad^t,
al^ e^ gum beutfd^en ^olonialbereid^ gef)ort» §luf Xat)iti [inb
ebenfalte gaftoreien in beutfc^em 33efi^, unb an btn ^i^dfer^^
plantagen t)on ^amaii ift beutfd^e^ .S'apital mit t)ielen Wih
lionen Mart beteiligt*
SBeld^ riefenl^afte @umme beutfd^er ^raft, beutf c^en ©eifte^,
beutfc^en ®elbe^ ift ba im glufe! ^aum geringer finb bie
93ilbung^beftrebungen be^ beutfd^en S3oIfe^ iiber ©ee gert)ad^=
fen. 9ieben ben beutfd^en ^aufleuten arbeiten beutfd^e Sefirer,
beutfc^e gorfd^er, beutfd^e Offigiere unb beutfd^e 5D?iffionare auf
bem gangen (grbenrunb am gortfd^ritt ber 9Wenfd^f)eit.
SBie h)unberbar nun aud^ ©eutfd^Ianb^ au^tDcirtiger .^anbel
getDad^fen, toie grofe feine Slu^manberung, toie iDid^tig feine
^otonien tuerben mogen: bie SBurjeIn beutfd^er ^raft unb
130 beginners' GERMAN
bcutfd^cr ©rofec liegen Im Sobcn ber bcutfd^cn ^citnat. 9iur
unablaffigc Slrbeit auf j^cimatlid^er ©d^oltc f)at ba^ bcutfd^c
SBolf toiebcrum ju 9)?ad^t unb ©rofee gcflil^rt; nur unablfifftger
gortfd^ritt auf alien ©cbietcn bc^ (gblen unb ©uten, Dor alltm
abcr bic opferfreubigc ^ingabe an gilrft unb SBaterlanb tDcrbcn
c^ auci^ in fiinftigen S^^i^^ txuf fciner §6^c erl^altcn.
SI. ^ciftbcd.
SBelttDirtfd^aft bebcutet intcmationaler §anbcL
^reussUge toaxm gj pcbitioncn jum ^reujc, ©rabc,
!J)ie gntbcdfung ift ba^fclbc n)ic Sluffinbung (Sr^
finbung)»
©etDiirjc fieifet auf englifd^ spices, groceries.
Unterftii^en l^eifet l^clfcn (cf. English: support).
SSerbrctngen bebeutet forttreiben.
®rauent)oIl l^eifet furd^tbar, fd^redHid^*
Siferfiid^tig ift mifegunftig, neibifd^*
25erl^ei6ung^t)o(t l^eifet t)oIl t)on SJerl^^ifeungcn,
SScrfpred^ungen, ©rtDartungen.
2)ie Siubufee bebeutet S3erluft (ma^ berloren ift)»
gorfd^er finb 2)?anner ber SBiffenfd^aft, ©elel^rte.
Unablaffig l^eifet anbauernb, fortiDafirenb.
!Die ©d^otte ift ber S3oben, bie @rbe,
Opferfreubig fein l^eifet freubig (iDilten^) fein, Opfer
gu bringen; fid^ l^ingeben; alte^ tun tDoHcn*
SBarum fagt man: Diele 9)?iIIionen 2Rarf?
$Die garben ber beutfd^en ga{)ne finb fd^hjarj, h)ei6,
rot*
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
(Lessons 36-41)
5Priti5 aBili^elm al^ fjrcunb bcr Kinber
51B ^aifcr SBil^cIm IL noc^ aU ^ring in ^ot^bam Icbte,
fc^ritt cr an einem Slbenb furj bor SBciJ^nad^tcn o{)ne ^Segleitung
burd^ bic ©trafeen. ®a fal^ cr t)or bent ©d^aufenfter cine^
©pieln)aren8efd^aft^ gmei ^naben ftefien, bic mit fcl^nfiici^tigcn
iBIidcn bic bort au^gclcgtcn ^crrlid^fcitcn bctrad^tctcn* @r
trat f)ingn unb bclaufd^tc cine SBcilc il^r finblid^c^ ©cplaubcr^
J)ann fragtc cr fie mit freunblid^cr 9Wicnc, tt)a^ il^nen benn t)on
all ben fd^onen ©ingcn am bcftcn gcficle. Dcr altcfte bcr bcibcn
33riibcr, bic htn ^rinjcn nid^t !anntcn, anttDoxtett rafc^: ,,®ort
ba^ ©d^iff, §crr ?cntnant, c^ i[t gar ju fd^on!" „yiun bcnn,
S'nngcn/' crmibcrtc bcr ^rinj, „fo roifet il^r ja, ma^ i^r cuc^ gu
SBcil^nad^tcn n)unfd^cn fiinnt." „®a^ gcl^t nid^t," fagte bcr
^nabc barauf nnb fd^autc bcm ^ringcn mit feinen blaucn Slugcn
brcift in^ ©cfid^t; ,,unfer 25atcr l^at nid^t fo bid ®clb, bafe cr
un^ cttDa^ fo ©d^onc^ faufcn fann." „yiun, bann tDilt id^ cucr
SBeii^nad^t^mann fcin!" 9?ad^ bicfcn SBortcn trat bcr *iPrina in
ben Saben, fanftc ba^ ©d^iff unb ilbcrrcid^tc c6 btn ^nabcn, bie
t)or freubigem ©d^redE faum cin 9Bort bc^ S)anfc^ fanben. Qn
boltcm Jrabe ciltcn fie nad^ ^anfc gu ben (Sltcrn, bic nid^t tDcnifl
erftaunten, aB fie in bcm 2abtn crful^rcn, mer bcr SBcil^nad^t^^
mann il^rer ^inber gcn)cfcn tvav.
$!♦ ©nficllcn unb $. Xtd^ntv.
131
132 beginners' GERMAN
2)ie ficficn @ta6e
(gin SSater l^attc fteben ©ol^ne, bie ofter^ mttemanber unein^
tDurben. Uber betn 3txtifen unb ©trcitcn bcrfaumten fie bie
%xbdt -3a, einige bdfe 3)?enfd^en l^atten im ©inne, [id^ biefe
Uneinigfeit inmii^t ju madden, um bie ©of)ne nad^ bent SEobe
be^ 33ater^ um xi)v grbteil ju bringen*
3)a liefe ber el^rrt)urbige ®rei^ eine^ Jage^ die fieben ©of)ne
jnfamnxenfomnten, legte if)nen fieben ^tixbt t)or, bie feft jn^^
famnxengebunben tdavm, unb fagte: „©enxienigen don eud^, ber
biefe^ ^iinbel ©tcibe ent^tDeibrid^t, jal^Ie id^ l^unbert grofee
Saler bar.''
@iner nad^ bent anbern ftrengte alte feine ^rcifte an, unb
leber fagte nad^ langem t)ergebUd^en SSemil^en: „(g^ ift gar
nid)t moglid^."
„Unb bod^/' fagte ber S3ater, ,,ift nid^t^ leid^ter." (gr lofte
ba^ SSiinbel auf unb gerbrad^ einen ©tab nad^ bent anbern mit
geringer SKltfie. „(gi/' riefen bie ©ol^ne, „fo ift e^ freilid^ leid^t,
fo fonnte e^ ein fleiner ^nabe!''
3)er 25ater aber fprad): „^k e^ mit ben ©tciben ift, fo ift e^
mit eud^, meine ©ol^ne. ©olange if)r feft jufammenl^altet,
tDerbet if)r beftel^en, unb niemanb tDirb eud^ iibermaltigen fdnnen.
SBirb aber ba^ S3anb ber (Sintrad^t, ba^ eud^ t)erbinben folt,
aufgeloft, fo gef)t e^ eud^ toie ben ©tciben, bie f)ier jerbrod^en
auf bem 53oben um{)erUegen."
©eltfanter ©^^asicrritt
(gin 5D?ann reitet tuf feinem (gfel nad^ §au^ unb lafet feinen
Suben gu gufe nebenl^er laufen. ^ommt ein SBanberer unb
fagt: ,,©a6 ift nid^t red^t, S3ater, ba^ ii)v reitet unb la^t euern
©obn laufen; if)r l^abt ftarfere &lkbtv." S)a ftieg ber S3ater
SUPPLEMENTARY READING 133
Dom @fel f)erab unb liefe ben ©ol^n rettcn. ^omntt inieber
ein SBanber^mann unb fagt: „®a6 ift ntc^t red^t, SSurfd^e, bap
bn retteft unb Ictffeft betnen 93ater p gufe g^^^tx; bu l^aft iiingere
33eine»'' ®a fafeen beibe auf unb ritten eine ©trede, ^ommt
ein britter SSanber^mann unb fagt: ,,3Ba^ ift ba^ fiir ein Un^
tierftanb, jtDet ^erle auf einem fd^tDac^en 2:iere? ©oltte man
nic^t einen ©tod nel^men unb eu($ beibe J^inabjagen?" ®a
ftiegen beibe ai unb gingen felbbritt gu gufe, re($t^ unb linf^
ber 53ater unb ©ol^n unb in ber 9Kitte ber gfeL ^ommt ein
Dierter SBanber^mann unb fagt: „^^v feib brei furiofe ©efelten.
3ft'6 nic^t genug, iDenn jtDei ju gufe ge!)en? ®ef)t'^ ni($t
leid^ter, menu einer t)on euc^ reitet?" 3)a banb ber S5ater bem
(gfel bie borbem Seine sufantmen, unb ber ©ol^n banb if)m bie
f)intern S3eine gufammen, gogen einen ftarfen S3aumpfaf)I burd^,
ber an ber ©trafee ftanb, unb trugen ben @fel auf ber Sld^fel
I)eim,
©0 tDeit fann^^ fommen, tdtnn man e^ alien Seuten tdill
red^t madden.
SSie bie SSafuttger eine Sa^e fauften
@in SSirt f)atte Diel 5D?aufe im §aufe unb ^Ratten unb tDufete
fid^ gar nid^t mti)x gu l^elfen. ®amal^ gab e^ aber nod^ feine
^afeen in SBafungen* S)a tDurbe bem SSirt angeraten, er foHe
nac^ 2)?einingen fa^ren unb eine ^a^e faufen, fo tDilrbe er ber
"ipiage balb lo^ fein; benn biefe^ 2^ier t)ertilgte bie 9>}(tufe* ©a^
liefe ber W:arm fid^ nid^t jtDeimal fagen, fuf)r mit feinem ^ned^t
unb faufte eine ^afee um ein gute^ ©titdf ©elb. Sluf bem
^eimtDeg fiel if)m bei, bafe er bergeffen, fid^ ju erhinbigen, tt)a^
bie ^a^e freffe; benn er htha(iite, bafe fold^ ein Jier aud^ leben
moKe, trenn e^ feine 2)?aufe unb 3?atten mef)r gcibe, fanbte be^=
l^alb ben ^ned^t guriidf, angufragen, tda^ bie ^afee freffe, unb
134 BEGINNERS"^ GERMAN
ful^r cinfttDeilen nad^ ^aufe* 2Ste ber ^ned^t anfant, fragte ber
v^perr neugierig: „9^un, tvia^ frifet bte ^a^e?" — „3lIIe^!" iDar
bie SIntmort ^.Sllte^?" — ,,3a, alte^!'' mx ber iDieber^oIte
iBefd^eib, ,,@{, bef)ut un^ ®ott bor fo einem Jier!'' ©prad^'^
Htib [d^idte bie ^a^e augenbltdlid^ mieber ^uriid*
2)er SBibctl^att
J)er fleine ©eorg tou^tt nod^ nid^t^ bon bent SBiberl^alt*
@inmal fd^rte er auf ber SSiefe: „§o, l^opp!" ©ogleid^ rief^
tm nat)tn SBalbd^en aud^: „^o, l^opp!" (gr rief fiierauf Der-
n)unbert: „SBer bift bn?" S)ie ©timme rief aud^: „3Ser bift
bu?" @r [d^rie: „T)Vi bift ein bummer 3^unge!" unb — „bummer
^unge!'' l^allte e^ au^ bem SBalbe prildf* - ©eorg toaxb avQtv^
lid^ unb rief immer (irgere ©d^impfnamen in btn SBalb fiinein.
§llte l^allten getreulid^ tDieber gurildE, @r fud^te l^ierauf ben
t)ermeinten .^naben im ganjen SBcilbd^en, um fid^ an if)m ju
rcid^en, fonnte aber niemanb finben* ^^ierauf lief er nad^ §aufe
unb flagte e^ ber 3)?utter, tDie ein bofer i8ube fid^ im SBalbe
berftedft unb il^n gefd^impft l^abe. 3)ie abutter fprad^: ,,J)ie^^
mal l^aft bu bid^ felbft angeflagt. S)u l^aft nid^t^ t)emommen
al^ ben SSiberf)aIt beiner eignen SBorte. ^atteft bu ein freunb^
lid^e^ SBort in btn SBalb l^ineingerufen, fo mSre bir aud& ein
freunblid^e^ guriidfgefommen*''
2)a^ aWittagcffen im ^ofc
Tlan flagt l^aufig bariiber, tok fd^loer unb unmoglid^ e^ fei,
mit mand^en 9Kenfd^en au^jufommen* ®a^ mag benn freilid^
aud^ tr)ai)v fein. ^'nbeffen finb biele bon fold^en 2)?enfd^en nid^t
fd^Iimm, fonbem nur tDunberlid^, unb tDenn man fie nur im*
mer red^t fennte, inloenbig unb au^h)enbig, unb red^t mit ibnen
SUPPLEMENTARY READING 135
umjugcl^en njllfetc, ntc gu cigenftnntg unb nic gu nad^gtcbtg, fo
iDare mand^er iDol^I unb leid^t gur iBeftnnung gu bringeti^ ©a^
tft bod^ einem S3ebicnten tnit fctnem ^errn gelungen, S)em
fonnte cr mand^mal gar ni($t^ red^t madden unb mu^te bielc^
entgelten, iDoran er unfd^ulbtg iDar, n)ie c^ oft gef)t.
©0 fam einmal ber §err fel^r t)erbriefelid^ nad^ ^aufe unb
fefetc fid^ gum aWittageffen. ®a n)ar bie ©uppe gu l^eife obcr
gu fait ober feine^ t)on beiben; aber genug, ber §err toax t)er*
briefeltd^* (gr fafetc ba{)er bic ©d^ilffel mit bem, toa^ barinnen
n)ar, unb toav\ fie burd^ ba6 offne genfter in ben §of l^inab.
SBa^ tat l^ierauf ber S)iener? ^urg befonnen toarf er ha^
gleifd^, ba^ er eben auf btn Xi\^ ftellen tDolIte, mir nid^t^ bir
nid^t^, ber ©uppe nad^ aud^ in ben ^of l^inab, bann ba^ S3rot,
bann ben SBein unb enblid^ ba^ 2^ifd^tud^ mit attem, tt)a^ no(^
barauf tDar*
,,33ern)egener, lt)a^ foil ba^ fein?'' fragte ber ^err unb ful^r
mit brof)enbem Sovn t)on bem ©effel auf* 5lber ber S5ebiente
ertoiberte gang fait unb rul^ig: ^SSergeil^en ©ie mir, toenn id^ 3f)re
aWeinung nid^t erraten l^abe* ^d^ glaubte nid^t anber^, al^ ©ie
toollten l^eute in bem ^ofe fpeifen, S)ie Suft ift fo l^eiter, ber
^immel fo blau, unb fel^en ©ie nur, toie lieblid^ ber Slpfelbaum
bliil^t, unb toie frol^lid^ bie S3ienen il^ren 9}Jittag l^alten!" —
©ie^mal bie ©uppe l^inabgetoorfen unb nimmer! ®er §err
erfannte feinen gel^ler, l^eiterte fid^ im Slnblidf be^ fd^onen griil^'
ling^fiimmel^ auf, Icid^elte l^eimlid^ iiber ben fd^nelten (Sinfall
feine^ 2lufrt)(irter^ unb banfte il^m im Bergen fiir bie gute Sel^re.
3tt)ei niiffett e^
@in ^anbtoerf^burfd^e fanb einen iBeutel mit ®elb» ©ogleid^
llbergab er il)n ber Obrigfeit ber ncid^ften ©tabt, bamit fie ben
©igentiimer ermittle. S)a fagte fein ^amerab gu il^m: „^a9
136 beginners' GERMAN
fiir eiti 2:or btft bu! ^citteft bu ba^ ©elb ntd^t bel^alten fon^
nen? 28er iDufete e^ benn, ha\^ bu e^ gefunben l^atteft?'' ®er
^anbtDerf^burfd^e gab jur §lnth)ort: „0, rebe tnir nic^t alfo!
(S^ iDufeten gh)et barum: mein ©ott, ben i^ filrd^te, unb mein
®ert)iffen, ba^ mtd^ ric^tct."
^er aSafunger Stabtgalgcn
Oberl^alb SBafungen im Jfiuringerlanbe [tanb auf etnent
^iigel feitoart^ ber Sanbftrafee em alter ©algen, ber gel^orte ber
©tabt etgentlimlid^* 9lun iDurbe einmal ein frember 3)teb
eingebrad^t unb follte an ben SBafunger ©tabtgalgen ge{)enft
njerben* 3)a traten aber bte SBafunger $Rat^f)erren bagegen
auf unb fprad^en: ,,2Btr l^aben l^ier einen ©algen fiir un^,
unfre ^inber unb ^inbe^finber unb braud^en feine fremben
amten ©iinber bran!" Sitten alfo nid^t, bafe jener ©ieb baran
gel^enft iDurbe* Unb ba fie nun ntd^t iDufeten, tDa^ fie mit if)m
anfangen follten, gaben fie il^m ein ©tiid ®elb unb fagten il^m,
er folk fid^ feiner SSege padfen unb fid^ l^enfen laffen, tt)o er 8uft
i^abe*
SBanbtetg JRa^tUeb
tiber alien ©ipfein
Sft 9Ju^,
3n alien SSipfeln
©piireft bu
^aum einen ^aud^;
S)ie S3ogeIein fd^tDeigen im SBalbe*
iffiarte nur, balbe
dlvif)t\t bu aud^*
®octH
SUPPLEMENTARY READING I37
2)er froi^e aBattbcrj^mann
1. SBem ®ott tDiH red^te ©utift ertDcifen,
®en fd^idt er in bie tt)eite SBelt,
S)em tDitl er [cine SSunber tDcifen
3fn JBerg unb SBalb unb ©trom unb gclb^
2. 35te iBad^Iem Don ben iBergen fpringen,
©ie gerd^en [c^toirren l^od^ Dor Suft:
SBa^ foltt^ td^ nid^t mtt il^nen ftngen
STn^ botler ^e^F unb frifc^er Sruft?
3. J)en lieben ©ott laff id) nur toalten;
S)er Sad^Iein, gerd^en, SBalb unb gelb
Unb @rb^ unb ^immel tr)iH erl^alten,
^at aud^ mein ©ad^' auf^ beft' be[tetlt!
3ot. t)on (Sic^cnborff.
REPRODUCTIONS
Lesson 27
When school was out, it was dark, and black clouds were
in the sky. As the scholars came out into the street, it be-
gan to rain, at first only a few drops, then more and more.
All of a sudden, very heavy drops fell upon the scholars
who were running to seek a place where they could find
shelter. But in a short time, the rain ceased and the bright
sun came through the clouds. It had been only a sudden
heavy shower.
Lesson 29
A nobleman, who owned a beautiful garden, was taking a
walk one day in his park. As he was walking around, he
saw his gardener, who was sleeping in the shade of a tree.
The latter had not expected his master, as the weather was
very warm. When the nobleman found his servant rest-
ing instead of working, he became very angry, and called
the man a rogue, not fit for the sun to shine upon. But
the gardener calmly replied: **That is the reason why I am
lying in the shade." So the master forgot his anger.
Lesson 31
Two maids were going to a large town with heavy baskets
of fruit which they carried on their heads. One of them
was grumbling, all the time, while the other joked about
her work. Soon the first maid said to the second: ^'How is
it that you can laugh when you are carrying just as heavy
138
REPRODUCTIONS 1 39
a basket as I am carrying? Are you stronger than I?''
'^No/' answered the second girl, ^^my basket is not lighter
than yours and I am not stronger than you, but I do not
feel my heavy load because I have a precious herb with
me that makes my burden lighter. This precious herb is
patience/'
Lesson 32
The industrious farmer tills the soil for us and plants
large and small grains of corn. The corn grows by and by
into high stalks with many ears of corn. The miller makes
fine flour out of the corn, and the baker bakes bread from
it. Everybody is fond of good bread.
Lesson 33
The first German Emperor in the new empire was Wil-
liam I, who reached the ripe old age of almost ninety-one
years. When he died in 1888, his sick son ascended the
throne. The second German Emperor was called Fred-
erick III and was a favorite with the German people. But
he died after he had been Emperor for only ninety-nine
days. The third German Emperor is the present ruler of
the Fatherland.- William II was born in 1859. His wife
is Auguste Victoria, and they have seven children, six
princes and one princess. The oldest son has the title of
crown-prince.
Lesson 34
The new German Empire has been in existence since the
Franco-Prussian war — since 187 1. The United States is
considerably larger than the German Empire but has a
population only one third greater than that of Germany.
The King of Prussia — Prussia is the largest kingdom — is
I40 BEGINNERS GERMAN
hereditary German Emperor. In case of an attack, he has
the right of declaring war, and is the sole representative of
the Empire in negotiations with foreign powers. The Em-
peror is commander-in-chief of the army and navy. How-
ever, he has not the veto-power.
Among the twenty-six states there are four kingdoms:
Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, and Wlirttemberg. All the
states send plenipotentiaries to the Federal Council, which
convenes in Berlin, the capital of Prussia and of the German
Empire. The German citizens elect their own representa-
tives to Parliament. The Emperor, the Federal Council,
and Parliament make laws and determine the budget for
the Empire.
Besides Berlin, the largest and most important cities are
Hamburg, Munich, Leipzig, and Dresden.
Lesson 37
A rich merchant whose dog was very watchful had been
riding one day to market, where he had made a good deaJ
of money. On his way home he lost his money-bag with-
out noticing it. The faithful dog, who had seen the money
fall, began to bark so loud that his master beat him. The
dog, however, did not stop but kept on barking. The
merchant then shot his dog, because he thought the animal
had gone mad. After a while he discovered the loss of his
money and rode back to find it. At the very place where
his money had dropped, his faithful dog lay dead.
Lesson 38
A dog which had stolen a large piece of meat was crossing
a small river on a narrow plank. When he saw his own
REPRODUCTIONS I4I
picture in the clear water, he dropped the meat, for he
thought that he had seen another dog with a piece of meat.
So in the end he had nothing at all, because he had been
too greedy.
Lesson 39
New York, April 19, 191 2.
Dear Sir:
Your letter of the i6th inst. reached me yesterday. If
you could come to see me Saturday next, I should be very
much obliged to you. We could then talk matters over at
our leisure.
Hoping to hear from you soon, I remain, with kindest
regards,
Yours very sincerely,
Lester Jones.
Lesson 40
Schools are either private or public institutions. The
cities have the public schools built. The purpose of all the
schools, of course, is to educate the youth of the land in
those matters which all children must know so as to be-
come useful citizens. Those children who do not care to
attend a public school may go to private institutions.
Everybody, however, has to attend school between the ages
of six and fourteen years. After that, children may leave
school and go to work.
Lesson 41
One day a man was traveling on foot on a highway.
Toward evening he was overtaken by a coachman, who
seemed to be in a great hurry, as he was beating his horses
142 BEGINNERS GERMAN
fiercely. The wanderer felt sorry for the animals and
asked the driver why he was hurrying so. The latter said
he wanted to reach the town before nightfall. Shortly
afterwards the man overtook a wagon lying by the road-
side, and knew that it belonged to the driver whom he
had seen a short time before. It is worth while to make
haste slowly.
Lesson 42
A man who had three friends was summoned to court.
He asked his friends to go with him to be his witnesses.
His two very best friends, however, forsook him in the hour
of need and did not appear before the judge. The third
friend, towards whom he had felt indifferent, was the only
one who gladly rendered testimony in his behalf.
Who are the three friends of man?
Are they not money, friends, and good deeds?
By what friends is everyone forsaken after death?
Who alone finds mercy before God?
GRAMMATICAL TABLES
L Declension of the Definite Article:
3)er-words.
II. Declension of the Indefinite Article:
@in-words.
III. Declension of the Personal Pronouns.
IV. Declension of the Interrogative Pronouns.
V. Declension of the Relative Pronouns.
VI. Declension of Nouns:
A, Weak.
B, Strong.
C, Mixed.
VII. Declension of Adjectives:
A, Strong.
B. Weak (and Mixed).
VIII. Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs.
IX. Numerals.
X. Prepositions.
XI. Conjunctions.
XII. Conjugation of Auxiliaries of Tense: l^abctl, fein,
tnerben.
XIII. Conjugation of Modal Auxiliaries.
XIV. Conjugation of Weak Verbs: Active and Passive.
XV. Conjugation of Reflexive Verbs.
XVI. Irregular Weak Verbs.
XVII. Compound Verbs: Inseparable, Separable (Varia-
ble).
XVIII. Conjugation of Strong Verbs and List of Strong
Verbs.
143
144 beginners' GERMAN
I. Declension of the Definite Article.
Singular
Plural
MASCULINE
FEMININE
NEUTER
Norn,
ber
bic
ba^
bie
Gen.
be^
ber
be^
ber
DaL
bem
ber
bent
ben
Ace.
ben
bie
ba^
bie
®er-woRDs
Like ber, bie, ia§ are declined:
biefer, biefe, bief e^^; fold^er, fold^e, fold^e^; mand^er, mand^e, manci^e^;
iener, jene, jeue^; tDeld^er, meld^e, meld^e^; jeber, jebe, jebe^
(Plural: alle).
II. Declension of the Indefinite Article.
Singular
Plurai^
MASCULINE
FEMININE
NEUTER
Nom. eitt
eine
ein
(eintge)
Gen. eine^
einer
eine^
(einiger)
DaL einem
einer
einem
(einigen)
Ace. einen
eine
ein
(einige)
@tn-WORDS
Like ettl, eine, ein are declined:
fein, feine, fein
mem, meme, mem
bein, beine, bein
(fein, feine, feln
tf)r, tf)re, if)r
fein, feine, fein
unfer, unf(e)re, unfer
euer, eure, ener
if)r, tf)re, i^r
mx, 3^re, 3^r)
GRAMMATICAL TABLES
145
III. Declension of the Personal Pronouns.
Singular
ist Person 2d Person 3d Person
MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER
Nom.
ic^
bu
er
fie c§
Gen,
meiner
beiner
feiner
tl)rer feiner
Dat.
mir
bir
tf)Tn
tf)r tfim
Ace,
mid^
Plural
x^n
fie e8
ist Person
2d Person
3d Person
Nom
tnir
i^r
fie
(@te)
Gen,
unfer
euer
ifirer
mxtt)
Dat.
wn^
t\x6)
if)nen
mntn)
Ace,
un^
eud^
fie
(®te)
IV. Declension of the Interrogative Pronouns.
ma^
Nom,
\dtx
Gen,
tDeffen
Dat,
tDem
Ace,
iDen
tDa^
V. Declension of the Relative Pronouns.
MASCULINE
N. ber, meld^er
G, beffcn
D. bent, tt)el(^em
A. ben, tnetd^en
Singular
FEMININE NEUTER
bie, n)eld^e ba^, tneld^e^
beren beffen
ber, tDeld&er bent, meld^em
bte, tDeld^e ba6, meld^e^
Plural
bie, n)eld^e
beren
benen, tneld^en
bie, tDeld^e
146
BEGINNERS GERMAN
VI. Declension of Nouns. ^
A, WEAK: the -n declension. (iVo Umlaut in Plural.)
Singular
bet ^nabc, bcr 9Kenfd&
bcm Snaben, bcm 9JJcnfd^cn
ben ^naben, ben 2Kcnfci^cn
bic ^naben, btc 2)?enfd^cn
ber ^naben, ber 9}Zen[c^en
ben ^naben, ben 2Wenfd§en
bie ^naben, bie SDtenfd^en
Nom,
bie gran, bie Sefirerin
Gen,
ber grau, ber Se^rerin
Dat,
ber gran, ber ?ef)rerin
Ace.
bie %xau, bie Se{)rerin
P/wm;
Nom,
bie granett, bie ?ef)rerinnen
Gen,
ber granen, ber ?e^rerinnen
Dat,
ben granen, ben ?e{)rerinnen
Ace.
bie granen, bie Se{)rerinnen
B. STRONG
First Class: the No-ending class.
Singular
Nom,
ber SBatcr, bcr SBogel
bie ay^utter, bie 2:od^ter
U^ 9D?ab(ftcn
Gen,
bc« 33ater^, bc^ S3ogcI§
ber 9}^ntter, ber .totter
beg SJJabd^en)^
Dat.
bem 3Satcr, bem 53ogeI
ber ajiutter, ber 2:o(^ter
bem gjJabd^en
Ace.
ben 53ater, ben 5Sogel
bie aJJutter, bie 2:od^ter
Plural
bag DJ^abc^en
Nom.
bic IBatcr, bie ^So^el
bie muiitx, bie 2;d*ter
bie 9}?fibd6en
Gen.
ber Skater, ber SSogel
ber abutter, ber %o^itx
ber SDlabc^en
Dat.
ben S3atern, htn SBogeln
ben 9)iiittern, ben ^od^tern
ben ajJabd^en
Ace.
bie 5$ater, bie 3SoseI
bie SD^iitter, bie ^iic^ter
bie imabd^en
Second Class: the -c class.
Singular
Nom, bet 3«^tx, ber 2:ag bie §anb ba^ Sal^r
Ge/j. be^ B^J^ne^, be^ Jagei^ ber §anb be^ ^cA}Xt^
Dat, bem S(^f)^(0. i>^^ 2:a9(e) ber §anb bem 3of)^(0
Ace, ben 3^f)n, ben Jag bie §anb ba^ 3af)r
1 Nouns are to be found in the vocabulary.
GRAMMATICAL TABLES 147
Plural
Norn, bie ^cAjXit, bie Xa^t bic ©finbc bic 3af)re
Gew. ber S>^i)nt, ber Sage bcr ^anbe ber ^al^re
Dat. ben 3tif)ncn, ben ^^agcti htn ^anben ben 3a{)rcn
Ace. bie S>'&^m, bie Jage bie ^anbe bie 3af)re
Third Class: the -er class {always Umlaut in Plural).
Singular
Norn,
ba^ S3ud^
ber ayjann
Gen,
be^ 93ud&e^
be^ aWannc^
Dat.
bem 93u(^(e)
bem 9Kann(e)
Ace.
ba^ $iVid)
Plural
ben ajJann
Norn.
bie S3ud&er
bie ayjanner
Gen.
ber Siid^er
ber aWanner
Dat.
ben Sild^em
ben aWannem
Ace.
bie Slicker
bie aWiinner
C. MIXED DECLENSION
Singular
Norn, ber ®taat ba^ Singe, ba^ O^r
Gen. be^ ©taate^ be^ Slngej^, be6 O^re^
Da/. bem ®taat(e) bem Singe, bem Ol)r(e)
^cc. ben ©taat ba^ Singe, ba^ 0()r
Norn.
bie ©taaten
bie Slngen, bie Ofireit
Gen.
ber ©taaten
ber Slngen, ber £)l)vtn
Dat.
ben ©taaten
ben Slngen, htn Ol^ren
Ace.
bie ©taaten
bie Slngen, bie Oliren
I4«
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
VII. Declension of Adjectives.
A. STRONG (like the definite article).
Singular
Nom.
licber SSater
liebe %xavi
liebe^ tinb
Gen.
Itcbc^ (-en) SSater^ licbcr %xciVi
Iieben (-en) ^inbe^
DaL
liebetn SSater
lieber grau
liebem ^inb(e)
Ace,
Iieben SSater
liebe grau
Plural
Iieben Sinb
Nom.
liebe SSiiter *
liebe grauen
liebe ^inber
Gen.
lieber 3Sater
lieber grauen
lieber ^inber
Dat.
Iieben 3Sdtem
Iieben grauen
Iieben ^inbem
Ace.
liebe 3$ater
liebe grauen
liebe ^inber
B.
WEAK (and MIXED)
Singular
Nom.
ber Itcbc 5?atcr
bie liebe grau
ha^ liebe ^inb
cin liebcr 5Sater
eine liebe grau
ein liebe^ tinb
Gen.
beg Iieben 5Sater6
ber Iieben grau
beg Iieben ^inbeg
etneg Iieben 5Sater0
einer Iieben grau
cineg Iieben ^inbeg
Dat.
bem Iieben 55atcr
ber Iieben grau
bem Iieben ^inb(e)
einem Iieben 5Satcr
einer Iieben grau
einem Iieben ^inb(e)
Ace.
ben Iieben 53ater
bie liebe grau
t>a^ liebe ^inb
einen Iieben 5Sater
eine liebe grau
Plural
ein liebe)^ f inb
Nom.
..... f 3Sater
bie Iieben J ^
Gen.
.... f 55ater
ber Iicben J ^
Dat.
ben heben
(f""'"> 1 linbem
Ace.
^. ,. , r ^ater
bie Iieben «-
GRAMMATICAL TABLES
149
Like bcr licfic 2?ater, etc., are declined:
berjemge biejienige ba^iemge bicicnigen
berfelbe biefclbc ba^felbe bie[elben
berTnein(iQ)c biemcin(i9)e ba^mcin(ig)e bie Tnciti(ig)cn, etc.
VIII. Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs.
Adjective
Adverb
POSI-
TIVE
COMPARA-
TIVE
SUPERLATIVE
POSI-
TIVE
COMPARA-
TIVE
SUPERLATIVE
reid^
reic^er
ber reid^ftc
reid^
reid^er
am reid^ften
arm
armcr
ber armftc
arm
armer
am armften
fait
falter
ber fdttefte
fait
falter
am fatteften
Jura
fiirger
ber fiiraefte
furj
filr^er
am fiir^eften
fiut
bcffer
ber befte
gut
beffer
am beften
Diet
(mc^r)
ber mei[te
Diet
mel^r
am meiften
Adjectives in the comparative or superlative are declined in the same
manner as adjectives in the positive degree.
For the English predicate superlative without thCf German uses the
tttn-form.
IX. Numerals.
:
Cardinals
I ein^
II elf
30 breiftig
2 3h3ei
12 StDOlf
40 t)ieratg
3 brel
13 breigef)n
50 Wstg
4 t)ier
14 tjter^elin
60 fed^aig
5 ftof
IS fiinfselitt
70 \khm
6 fed^^
16 fe(^sel)n
80 ad^tstg
7 fieben
17 fieiis^f)n
90 neungig
8 ad^t
18 ac^tsel)n
100 f)unbert
9 neun
19 neun^el^n
999 neun^unbert neunuubneunaig
0 3el)n
20 gmanaig
1000 taufenb
ISO
beginners' GERMAN
Ordinals
ist, bcr crfte
nth, bcr clftc
2d, bcr gmcitc
19th, bcr ncunscl^nte
3d, bcr brittc
20th, bcr gman^igfte
4th, bcr dicrte
2ist, bcr cinunbatDansigfte
5th, bcr fiinfte
30th, bcr brcifetgfte
6th, bcr fcc^fte
40th, bcr t)icr^igfte
7th, bcr ficb(cn)tc
looth, bcr l^unbcrtfte
8th, bcr ad^tc
loist, bcr f)unbcrtcrftc
9th, bcr ncuntc
200th, bcr 3tt)cif)unbcrtftc
loth, bcr sc{)nte
loooth, bcr taufcnbftc
X. Prepositions.
WITH THE WITH THE
WITH DATIVE WITH THE
DATIVE ACCUSATIVE
OR ACCUSATIVE GENITIVE
mit burd^
an h)df)rcnb
m^ filr
auf mcgcn
bet ol^ne
f)intcr trofe
Don ficgcti
ncbcti (an)[tatt
gu urn
in
avL%
ilbcr
fett
untcr
aufeer
t)or
gmifd^cn
E.g. 3d^ ftcl^e an bent gcnftcr, abcr id^ gcl^c an ba^ %tn\itx.
XI. Conjunctions.
unb
ober
Coordinating
abcr fonbem
bcnn (allcin)
E.g.
SBir licfcn auf bie ©trafec, bcnn unfcr ?cf)rcr \)aiit c6 be^
fo{)fcn.
GRAMMATICAL TABLES 151
The other conjunctions are subordinating
E.g. SBir licfcn auf bic ©trafec, tocit utifcr ?cf)rcr c^ befol^Icn
Cf. SBir liefcn auf bic ©trafec, bie noc^ gans nag \owc.
Subordinating
a(^
bag
ob
n)at)renb
(bct)or) cf)C
fo ba6
ate ob
tDeil
m
inbcm
obglcid^, obtoof)!
tDcnn
ba
nad^bcnt
feit, fcitbcm
tDenngleic^
bamit
fobalb ate
tt)ic
^52 beginners' GERMAN
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GRAMMATICAL TABLES
153
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154 beginners' GERMAN
Jz; S - .§ tJ •- S ^ ^ . :S .g S ^ . ^
U)
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GRAMMATICAL TABLES
155
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i66
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XVI. Irregular Weak Verbs.
INFINITIVE
PRETERIT
PAST PARTiaPLE
brcnnen
branntc
gcbrannt
rennen
rannte
ift gerannt
lennen
fanntc
gefannt
nennen
nanntc
getiannt
fenben
fanbtc
gefanbt
toenbcn
tDanbte
getoanbt
bringen
brad^tc
gcbrad^t
betifen
bad^tc
gebac^t
tt)iffcn {x(S) tDcig)
mu^tc
gctDufet
i^o/e; lennen (Sic ben altcn 3)?ann?
S^cln, id^ ferine i{)n nlc|t, aber id^ toeife, too er too^nt*
XVII. Compound Verbs.
I. Inseparable
Verbs compounded with one of the six wwaccented prefixes:
be- cut- er-
ge- t)er- ser-
are conjugated like the simple verbs. But the past participle
is without the augment ge-»
Cf. Verbs in -icrcn (tnarfd^iercn, marfd^iertc, matfd^iert)^
Note: ent- becomes cmp- in: cmpfangcn, cmpfcl^Icn, empfinben.
II. Separable
The prefix is a part of speech and is accented.
Present — x&j mad^e bie 2:ilr p.
Preterit — bu mad^teft bic 2^ilr gu^
Future — cr tDtrb bie Xvlx jumad^etu
GRAMMATICAL TABLES 1 67
Perfect — mir f)a6cn bic 2:iircti gugcmad^t^
Pluperfect — tf)r f)attct bie 2^ilren gugemad^t^
Perf. Cond. — fie Mrbeti bie Xiiren gugemad^t f)ahtru
Note: 211^ id^ bte Jilr jumacl^te, ging cr fort»
III. Varlvble
The particles:
imtti, nbtt, unter,
um unb tuieber
are either separable, accented, or inseparable, unaccented.
E.g.
separable inseparable
ilber[efeen ] ^ ^ liberfefeen K ^
f fet 6 i ^^ ^^^^ ii& f fef i translate
iiberVfeJt J ^^'*^''^ ^'^^^^^ ilberfefet' J C^^^^^^^*^^ ^^^^^g)
1 68 beginners' GERMAN
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GRAMMATICAL TABLES 169
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BEGINNERS' GERMAN
List of Strong Verbs
Infinitive
Prkterit
Past Participle
barfeti, bake (biicft)
buf, hadk
gcbadfen
befcWen, command (bcficl^It)
befall
befof)lcn
htqinntn, begin
begann
begonnen
beiften, bite
bl6
gebiffen
hitqtn, bend
bog
gebogen
hitttn, offer
bot
geboten
binbcn, bind
banb
gebunben
bitten, beg
hat
gebeten
blofcn, blow (blcift)
blieg
geblafen
bleiben, remain
blieb
tft gebliebcn
bratcn, roast (briit)
brict
gebratcn
brcd^cn, break (brid^t)
brad^
gebrod^en
bringcn, press
brang
tft gebruttgen
emiJfc^'Icn, recommend (cmp*
ftcf)It)
entpfal^l
empfoWen
crfc^rcdfcn, become frightened
(crfc^ricft)
erfd^raf
tft erfd^rorfen
cffcn, eat (igt)
a6
gcgcffcn
foftrcn, drive (faf)rt)
Mr
ift gefaf)ren
fatten, fall (fallt)
fiel
ift gefaUen
fangen, catch (fangt)
fing
gefangcn
fe«ten, fight (fid^t)
mt
gefod^ten
finben, find
fanb
gcfunbcn
Piemen, fly
P09
ift geflogen
fiteften, flee
m
tft gcf(oJen
fiteften, flow
m
ift gefloffen
freffcn, eat (of animals) (frtfet)
fra6
gcfrcffen
frieren, freeze
fror
gefroren
gebdren, give birth to (geblcrt)
gcbar
geboren
gebcn, give (gtbt)
gab
gegeben
getien, go
fitng
tft gegangcn
geUngen, succeed (e6 gellnfit mir)
ei^ gelang
t^ ift gelungen
geltcn, be worth (gilt)
gait
gegolten
gencfen, recover
genaS
ift genefen
geniefeen, enjoy
genog
genoffen
gcfdje^en, happen (^t\d)it^t)
gefd^a^
ift gefd^e!)cn
getoinnen, gain
gemann
getDonncn
giegen, pour
m
gegoffeu
GRAMMATICAL TABLES
171
Infinitive
Preterit
Past Participle
gtetc^en, resemble
glid^
gcgli(^cn
qltittn, glide
filitt
ift geglittcn
grabcn, dig (griibt)
grub
gcgrabcn
grcifen, seize
fitiff
gegriffcn
fatten, hold (^alt)
^tclt
gcl^atten
ftangcn, hang (intrans.) (^iingt)
5lng (m^f . a»</ tr.) Qe()angen (f»/r. fl»<^ /rj
liauctl, hew, strike
\)kh
gcf)aucn
fithtn, hft
m (^ub)
gel^oben
tftx^tn, call, be called
6ie6
gc^cifeen
icifcR, help mn)
6alf
gc^olfcn
fUngcti, sound
flang
gcftungen
fommcn, come
fam
ift gefommcn
friecftcn, creep
fvoii)
ift gefroc^en
labcn, invite, load (labct, ISbt)
m
gelabcn
(affcn, let (Ittfet)
m
gclaffen
laufctt, run (lauft)
lief
ift gelaufcn
Icibcn, suffer
litt
gelittcn
leiftcij, lend
m
gcKcl^cn
Icfcn, read (lieft)
m
gelcfen
Ikqtn, lie
lag
gelcgcn
liigcn, lie (tell a lie)
log
gclogen
tncffcn, measure (ntlfet)
tnafe
gcmcffen
nelftmcn/ take (nimmt)
nalfiTn
gcnommcn
:|jfcifcn, whistle
Pfiff
gepflffen
iprcifcn, praise
^ric3
gcpricfen
ratcn, advise (x'dt)
rtct
gcratcti
ttihtn, rub
rlcb
gcricben
rctften, tear
rife
gcriffcn
rctten, ride
ritt
ift gcrittcn
deepen, smell
ro*
gerod^cn
tufcn, call
rtef
gcrufcn
f aufcn, drink (of animals) (fttuft) foff
gefoffcn
fc^iaffcn, create
f«uf
gcfc^affcn
fd^cibcn, part
fd^ieb
(f^at) ift gcfd^icbcn
ft^icincn, seem
f(§icn
gcfd^icncn
f(^icttcn, scold (fc^irt)
f^art
gefd^oltcn
Miefecn, shoot
mi
gcfd^offcn
Mlafcn, sleep (fd^Iaft)
ft^tief
gcfd^Iafcn
Mlagcn, strike (fd^Icifit)
mm
gcfd^Iagcn
fd^leid^en, sneak
\m^
ift gefd^Ud^cn
172
BEGINKERS GERMAN
iNFINmVE
Preterit
Past Participle
fcfiltcftcn, shut
f«Io6
gcfd^loffen
frfflingcn, sling
f^Iang
gefc^Iungen
fcfimclscn, melt (fc^milgt)
fci^inolg
ft at) ift gefc^TTtoIacn
fd^ncibcn, cut
fd^nitt
gefc^nittcn
fddrcibcn, write
\di)xith
gefd^riebcn
fd^retcn, cry
fd^ric
gefc^rieen
fc^rcUen, stride
fd^ritt
ift gef(|ritten
fctfttjcigcn, be silent
fd^mieg
gcfd^tDlcgcn
frfltoimmcn, swim
fd^njamm
ift gefd^tDommcn
f(^tt)tnbcn, vanish
fd^hjanb
ift gefd^hjunben
fc^toingcn, swing
fd^toang
gefc^tDungcn
fd^hJiircn, swear
fd^lDur/fd^toor gefd^tDoren
Men, see (ficf)t)
fa6
gefer)cn
fmgcn, sing
fang
gefungen
finfen, sink
fonf
ift gefun!cn
finncn, think
fann
gcfonnen
fi^cn, sit
fag
gcfeffen
f^inncn, spin
fpatrn
gefponnen
ipttti^cn, speak (fprid^t)
fprad^
gefproc^en
fpric^cn, sprout
fproS
gefproffen
fpdngcti, spring
fprang
ift gcfprungcn
ftcd)cii, prick (ftid^t)
ftad^
geftoc^en
ftcftcn, stand
ftanb
geftanbcn
Wlcn, steal (ftic{)It)
»l
geftof)Icn
ftcigcn, climb, mount
fticg
ift gcftiegen
ftcrbcn, die (ftirbt)
ftar{»
ift geftorbeit
ftofecn, push (ftoBt)
ftiefe
geftogcn
ftrcidficn, stroke
ftrtd&
geftric^en
fttcitcn, contend
ftrkt
geftritten
tragcn, carry (triigt)
trug
getragen
treffcn, hit, meet (trifft)
trof
getroffen
ixtxhcn, drive
trieb
getriebcn
trctctt, tread (trltt)
trat
ift getreten
trinfcn, drink
tratif
gctrunfen
tun, do (tut)
m
getan
Ucrbcrficn, ruin, spoil (bcrbtrbt)
bcrbarb
ift Derborben {intrans.
]^at t)crborbcn {trans.)
toergcffcn, forget (derglfet)
toergaS
bcrgeffen
t)crlicrcn, lose
Dcrlor
berlorcn
toac^fcn, grow (toftd^ft)
toud^d
ift gcmad^fen
GRAMMATICAL TABLES
173
Infinitive
Preterit
Past Participle
toaf(^icn, wash (mafd^t)
JDUfd^
fiemafd^cn
ttjciddcn, yield
toiii)
ift fictDid^cn
tticifcn, show
h)te«
fietuiefen
hjcrfcn, throw (mirft)
toarf
ficmorfen
njtcgcn, weigh
h)OQ
QCtDOQCn
§ct^cn, accuse
Sie^
fieaic^en
jicftcn, draw; move
aog
ift fiegogen (intrans.)
fidt fiegOQcn (trans.)
jttiingcn, force
S^ang
gcstDungen
ABSTRACT OF GERMAN GRAMMAR
^otrmenteljtre
Sllte Sorter, btc faniugictt hjcrbcn fonncn, l^cigcn SScrBa (SdU
tobxiev).
SlKc SBorter, bie bclfintett iDcrben fonncn, tictgen Slpmtna, @^
gibt Tnel)rcre Slrtcn bcr S^omina:
<z. ©ubftantit)a (§auptti3ortcr. ®ro5 fd^reiben!)
&. ^ronoTttina (giirtnorter)
c. Slrtifel, befttmmt unb unbeftimmt
d. §lbie!tit)a
e. 9luTncraIia (^a^I^ortcr).
SBorter, bic nid^t [(eftiert toerben fonncn, finb:
a. Slbdcrbia
b, ^rdpofitionen
c, Soniunftioncn
d. 3ntcricftioncn»
I. ^ie S)cHinattan
A, eg Qibt 3 ©encra (®cf d^Icc^ter) : ma^Mimm (manntid^),
gcmmimum (tDeiblid^) unb ^leutrum (fcid^Ud^)*
B, gg gibt 2 9tumcri (3af)Icn): ©ingular (gmgaf)!) unb plural
(9Wef)rsaI)l),
C, gg gtbt 4 ^afug (Satte): 9^ominatit), ©enitb, 3)atit) unb
Slffufatb,
Tlan unterfc^eibet 2 Slrten bcr ©ubftantitJ^^Deflination: btc
ftarfc unb bic fd^tDac^c ©enination.
S^ Qibt aud& cine fogenanntc gcmifd^tc ®efiination» gremb^s
to5rtcr unb ©tQcnnamen finb befonbcr^ p berixdEfid^tigen^
174
ABSTRACT OF GERMAN GRAMMAR 1 75
1, ^erfonalprottomina (baju 5KcfIejit)t)ronoTncn)
2, ^offcfftDpronomina
3, ©CTuonftratidpronomina
4, 9JeIatit)pronoTntna
5* 3ntcrro0atit)pronomina
6* 3^nbcfinitpronomma.
^cWinatton bcr Stbicfttuc
Sebe^ attrtbutidc 2lbj[eftit) fann ftarf unb fd^mad^ bcflmiert tott^
ben* SDa^ ate ^iprdbifat gcbraud^te Slbjefttt) ift flcjion^Io^*
^om^iaration (Stcigcrung) t>t^ %^ttixt)§
a. ^ofitid
b. ^omparatit)
c. ©upcrlatb*
OuaIttatit)c Slbbcrbtcn f onnen aud^ fompariert (gcfteigcrt) tDerbcn*
^cflination ber 9lumcralia (3ft^ltoBrtcr)
Sic 3<Jf)too^tcr gerfallcn in Sarbinalia nnb Orbinalta* Seijtcrc
iDcrbcn n)ic bic 2lbieftit)c befltniert,
^rapoftttonett
Sllte ed^tcn ^^rftpofttioncn regtcren ben !Sattt) ober ben Slffufatit).
Uned^tc "ipriipofitionen f)aben ben ©enitiD bei \i^.
n. ^tc ^anjugatlott
A. e^ gibt 3 ^erfonen (erfte ^erfon uftoO*
B. ©^ gibt 2 ^lunteri (3cif)Ien): ©ingular (Sinjal^I) unb
plural (Wlt\)Xiaf)l) (ift ie ein Slumeru^)*
176 BEGINNERS' 'GERMAN
C. g^ fitbt 6 Jempora (3eiten):
^riifen^ (ift ctn Jempu^)
Qntperfeft
guturum (!♦)
^erfeft
^lu^quamperfeft
guturum II*
D. g^ gibt 2 ©enera Dcrbi (3u[tanb6fortnen):
Hftit) (ift eiti ®enu^ t)erbi) unb
^affit).
£. g^Gibt3$mobi(au^fa9cfonncn):
^nbifatit) (ift ein 9»obu^)
^oniunftit)
3^peratit); fotnie ttod^ bie infiniten SSerbatformcn:
3nfinitit) unb
•iPartisipiuTn (be^ *iprafen^ unb be^ ^crfeft^),
SWan unterfd^eibet gVDei Slrten bcr ^onjuQation: bie ftarfc unb bic
fd^tnad^e Soniugation. (S^ gibt alfo ftarfe unb fd^tuad^e 33erben.
g^ Qibt au(^ eine fogenannte gentifd^te ^oniugation*
ajfan unterfd^eibet aud^ ^ontpofita (jufammengefe^te 3Serben)
mit SSorfilben, bie Dom SSerb teil^ untrennbar, teil^ trennbarftnb.
@^ gibt femer §ilf^t)erben, fomie ntobale §ilf^derben, reftejide
unb unperfonTid^e S!5erben»
Wovtbxlbnn$sUi(vc
Sluf gnjeierlei SBeife tDerben au^ ben ©tammen neue SBorter ge^
bilbet:
1. ®urd^ 93eranberung ber 33ofaIe in ben ©tantmfilben;
2. S)urd^ ©rineiterung ber ©tammftlben:
a. burd^ ©uffije
b, burd& "iUrafije.
ABSTRACT OF GERMAN GRAMMAR 1 77
Slufecr ben trtit ©ufftjen unb *iPraftjen gcbilbcten SBortcm gibt
c6 aud^ ^liftt'^'nTenfe^ungcn bon felbftcinbioen SBortern (Seftim^
muixQ^iDort unb ©runbmort)*
I. ^cr einfad^c ®a^
3cber ®a^ entl^alt cin ©ubjeft unb ein ^riibifat
9la(^ bem 3nl)alt teilt man bie ©a^e ein in:
1. Slu^fagefafec
2. gragefdfec
3. Sc0ef)nxnG^fafee (33efe^I unb SBunfd^).
Sttter^unltion
5yjad^ Slu^fagefd^en ftel^t ein '^nntt, nad^ gragefafeen ein grage^
geid^en, nad^ Segefirung^fa^en ein 2lu^rufung^seid^en»
SSor birefter 9{ebe ftel^t gen)of)nIic^ ein ©oppelpunft, Slnfang
unb @nbe ber bireften $Kebe tDerben burd^ „2InfuI)run0^ftrid^c" ge^
fennjeid^net*
®a^ 35erbunt Eann ergftn^t tDerben:
1. burd^ ein Dhidt
2» burd^ eine abberbiale 53e[timntung,
S^ gibt abt)erbiale 53eftintnxungen:
a. be^ Orte6 (lofal) €. be^ ©runbe^ (faufat)
b. ber 2Irt (mobal) /. be^ S^edf^ (final)
c. ber 3^it (temporal) g. ber golge (fonfefutiD)
(/. be« TlxtttU (inftmmental) h. ber (Sinraumung (fongeffit))*
3)aju fommen bie 'i|Jronominal=2lbt)erbien (tDomit, tDOju ufto.;
bamit, baju uftD,)*
(9lomina fonnen burd^ Slttribute ergangt tDerben.)
1^8 BEGINNERS' GERMAN
n. ®cr 5ufamtncngcfe^tc Sa^
SWan unterfd^eibct §auptfa^e utib S^ebcnfdijc.
S)te ©afec ftnb enttDcbcr foorbiniert (beigcorbnct), obcr ber ctnc
ift bem anbcm fuborbiniert (untergeorbnct),
@^ gibt balier foorbinicrenbe unb fuborbinicrenbc ^oniun!ttoncn»
9lcbcnfa^c iDcrbcn bom §auptfa1^e ftet^ burd^ cin ^omma ge-
trennt»
2luf ba^ Ztmpu^ bc^ ^oniunftit)^ ift bcfonber^ in ber inbireftcn
SRebe 3U a^kn.
aBortftcMung
S^ gibt im S)eutfd&en brci Slrtcn ber SBortftcttunQ (SBortfoIgc):
1, SfcQelmdfeigc SBortfoIgc (normalc)
2» 3nt)crfton
3* S)ic aSortfoIgc im 5«cbenfa^
SONGS
D !£anncn6aum
gttr blcrftimmlgcn gctnifc^ten (©d^tilcrd^or
(graft anfd&ttfe, 1824.
P
^
f^=#
^^
« al — « — *{ ^-
^— 1^ — #-
i
1. O Xan-ntn-haum, o 2:an*ncn*bauTn, toic treu finb bel * tic
2. O 2;an=ncn*baum, 0 Stan * ncn^baum, bu fannft mir fcl^r gc «
3. O 2:an*ncn*baum, 0 2^an*nen*baum, bcin^Ieibmill tnld^ toad
^1:9=
|:MM=
:*:
I I ^1
r ^' r tr-^i:-
^
^=i:
SSmt * tcrl 5Du griinft m(5t nur
fal ^ Icn! SSie oft f)at nid^t
Icl^ * ren: ^ie §off * nung unb
jur (Som^mer^geit, ncin
^e * ftftn ' big * feit gibt
5cdt
P=fi:
-=H
5^
-=1-»-
m
^
^
=3=
O ^an * ncn^bautn, o
O 2:an * nen^baum, o
O Zan * ncn^baum, o
H=R^
i
aud^ im SSin * tcr, toenn cd fd^nelt!
S8auTnt)on bir tnid^ f)od& cr^freutl
2:roft unb ^raft gu ie * bcr 3cit,
z£=t
f=p=
179
i8o
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
i
I
=^=3=
W^
Xan ^ nen-baum,
2:an == nen^baum,
jtan * nen-baum,
h)te trcu finb bet = nc iBIat * tcr!
bu fannft mir fe{)r gc ^ fal * len!
bein £Ieib mill mid^ h)a6 Icl^ * rcn!
m
^=4
:ifci
I
J-j « •-
r-f
i
S)ic Scrclei
iWcI. toon f^ricbr. ©ild^cr, 1789-1860.
2:onf. toon ©cring.
ife
^
^1
fc-fr:-
liir
^Et
^=^
iziV:
-#-=-
-#-f-
^^Ff^r
1. 3c5 tDel6m(^t,h)a§ foE cS be * beu * ten, baft ic^
2. ^te fd^on := ftc 3ung * frau fit - get bort o
3. !5)en (Sd^if =f er Im flei * nen ®d^if * fc er * greift e8
fo
htn
mit
trau=ng
h)un=ber *
toil * bem
^
^W=W^
K^^ N
:^33t^
s?^
=t=t=^=*=:iE
'g! b bwb b ' I
poco cres.
eS
i
E^
=^=a=
i: i i
w
bin; ein SO^ar * d^en au« ol * ten S^^ * ten, ba§
bar, it)r golb = ne^ ®e ^ fd^met = be blit * get, fie
SSel^; er fd^aut nid^t bic gel * fen * rif * fe, er
^ ^ poco cres. -!
*i=*i
=N=t
SONGS
i8i
r# FT-T —
fc. 1
^ \ Pv—J-^ — f^^ — V
— i — ^^-==^-N
— K^^^-^" — fv-
— d V-
— ivH
^^^~~i — i — i — i — j^
\,^, f^ J
— P — -^ — 1-^
■~i — i^
^^
fommt tntr nld^t au^ bcm
fammt ii)v qoI = be * ne^
fc^aut nur ()inauf in bie
©inn. !Die ?uft ift
§aar. (Ste fammt eg mit
^W* 3* Qlau := be, bie
m^r,unb
got =* be =
SBeMen
e«
nem
t)er *
(f»): f' ^ f r r 'r
i- 4 >if
P' 9 PL—
-r— ^-
"b —
M-^ ^ L L L
# • • l{#
_| U_
b — ^—-
n r r
— '^
i
^^E
=S=*iS=
rrQ-
I I , ,
bun » felt, unb ru « l^ig fttegt ber 9i]^etn; . . ber ®i)) = fet
^oin = me unb fingt era Steb bo = bei; ... bo6 fiat ei =
\ij\m ' gen am 6n » be ©c^tf=fer unb £af)n; . . unb ba6 l^ot
^
n-r.i:^P-
rrrfT3
ir
i
/
=^
=^i=^
-M:
^
I
BE
flfct
1"
be« S3er^Qe3 fun * felt im 51 * benb = fon*nen * fd^ein.
ne h)un * ber * fa * mc, ge * \oah ti^ge aJie * lo * bei.
mit il^ * rem ©in « gen bie So * re = lei ge * tan»
_^5 ^ r f
l82
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
afjxxitna^t
3fof. mo^v, 1792-1848.
©anft unb gctragcn.
gratia ©ruber, 1787-1863.
Xonf. Don ©crlng.
©anft unb gctragcn. ^4q
mf
fe
1. etil ^ Ic D^ac^t, ()ei * It - ge ^ac^t! 511 - le^ fd^laft,
2. etil := Ic '^a^i, f)cl = Ii * ac 5^ad^t! ^tr «= ten crft
3. etil * le 5^a(^t, {)el * U := gc ^f^ac^t! ®ot = tc« ©oI)n,
^
^-^ -f-
^
PP-0-'
m
^
mf
I I
BE
i^
p
=&-fc
-P ^-v f\ H 1>^'^ K 1\ r—
cltt * fatn hjad^t nur ba6 traute, F|od^ - \)zi ^ Ii*gc ^aar;
funb QC := mad^t. !Dur(^ ber (Sngel §al « le = lu * ja
0 h)ie lad^t Sieb' au3 bei * nem gott » Itd^eit 2)?unb,
4:
i
g
t
X
->^-^=^
-y— V'
^^
i
&E
^
^
:5— 1^-
e^
1=^
^
l^ol ss ber ^na*be im lof * ft* gen ©aar: fd^laf in
tfint e6 laut toon fern unb na(): (Sfjrift, ber
ba un^ fc^Iagt btc ret* ten == be <Stunb', (5f)rift, in
I I I
SONGS
183
i
^fe^
dltt = tcr, ift
^
^^
r^
*
bei « net ®e « burt.
*M=
I
fd^laf in tiltntn = li * fc^cr diu\)'l
(Sftrift, bcr $Rct * ter, ift ba! —
S]^rtft,ln bei * ner ®c * burt!
^^
i^=
t^
(Stuae beweet
^eibenrij^lcttt
SSoH«h)ctfc d. ^cinr. SBcrncr, 1800-1833.
2;onf. don ©cring.
^
m^H-j—t-
=?=t
ee
=i^^i=?
1. (Sal^ cin tnab' ein 9?6g*Iein ftcfin, 0?o8 = Icin auf bcr
2. ^na = be fprac^: 3(^ bre * d^e bid^, $Rb8 * lein auf ber
3. Unb ber toil * be tna * be brad^g ^6^ * lein auf ber
P-0- -#- -•- -#-
m*&
ife?»
=t=|c
^
i
^
p
s
t^
^=i=
E^
^-^i^
^
:^=pt
7^
^ei * ben, toav fo iung unb mor^gen^d^on! Sief er fd^nell,e6
§ei*ben! 9Jog * lein fprad^: 3(^ fte = d^c bid^, ha^ bu e * mifi
$ei * ben! $Hd3 = lein m^x * te fic^ unb ftad^, I)alf i{)nt bod^ fein
'^ti^^-f^^t£^^
1 84
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
p^-i f.+i-^^ m -.-jr^
ndf) gu \cf)% W^ iT^tt blc * Icn greu * ben.
bcnfft an mid^, unb Id^ tDlir^ntd^t Ici * ben!
2Be^ unb 5lc5, mufet^ eg e ^ ben lei = ben!
m
p.
^-H
*#-
^f^F=
i^
m/
^
J?l
, /
-#— -
i^ii
4=
I ■ ' i I
9166 * lein, $Rog ' lein, 9log4eln rot, 9?og4ein auf ber ^ei * ben!
mf cres. 1 , /
r r
1 5 I
I
=t=t:
^
:^=*=
^cH bit im ©icgcrftans
SBalt^afar ©crl^arb ©c^utnad^er, 1793.
^ctnrid^ ^arrie«, 1790.
gcicrlid^, nid^t gu lanefam.
2«cl.: 3ol&n S3ua, 1563-1628.
Xonf. bon g. (£rf.
-4 4 d-
1. $ell bir int
2. Wc^tS^offunb
3. $ei - It * ge
4. $anb4unQ unb
5. (Bd, W^fer
it
(Sle * 9er*frang,^err4c5cr be^
$Het * ft * Qe fi:=d^ern bie
giant * me, Qluf)^ gliilf)', unb cr
SBtf := fen := fc^aft l^e := be ntit
SBil' f)^lnt, f)ier lang bet - ne6
S3a * ter*Ianb«I
ftel ^ le §or,
= lo * fd^e nie
5mut unb traft
^ol = feci gitv,
=t
fe^
148:
=t
SONGS
185
H
P=^ ^ii
f-
\»
^q
-d^ 4^
t>
^dl, ^ai ^ fer,
\do gtir ^ [ten
fUrg 3Sa * ter ==
i^r §aupt em *
ber 5menf(§4eit
birl
fte()n!
lanb!
por!
©tola!
-M ^-
giif)r in
gie ^ be
2Bir al
^rie * ger
giijr in
-4—
be«
beg
= le
unb
beg
1 i Tj
^i^-T 4 d -^
Jf)ro * neg ©lang
SSa * ter^Ianbg,
fte = {)en bann,
C>el = ben = tat
VcfCQ * neg ©lans
J . /It
('m\^ 1 i r
1 F 1
r ^ ^
^J«ft L L
v»
■ • 1 »
1 1 i
^ k 1 1
I*
L
r 1 1
1 '
f
#
1 ' '
mi
1
1
n +t
1
1
1
1 ^ 1 ^
1
N^ _
V-tf ! 1 !
7
fl
«
^ • J J
• W J \ A
ir\ • -
J s i
^ ^ 4 1 '\
v/
#
# • • ^
* r - 1
^
bie
gie
mu
fin
bic
:= be
= tig
= be
^0
-F-
beg
fiir
i{)r
. lie
iEBon « nc gang,
frei * en aJJanng
ei * nen 3)^ann,
?or * beer == btatt
SBon * ne gang,
J • -' f '
?ieb
griin
famp
treu
Sieb
-#-
1 r
* ling beg
* bet ben
* fen unb
auf - ge *
* ling beg
fe}f^
— 1 —
— • —
— ^ —
• 1
— (i —
c . F
^^_ii_
— P-
— h
— |t —
^ — T r
-^ 1 1 1
1 H ^ l-
T-J
... ! '_.,..... ' 1
f#*=t?
=^^
^^3-^ — x^
I —
1
s*
* Ober:
11 pii^^
^err =
blu «
f,o -.
SB0H8
-# J
r
an fein!
fc^er*tl)ron
ten gern
ben bort
SU fein!
f -^'
— 1» — 1
^eil, . ,^ai = fer,
h)ie . . gelg im
fiir . . Jl)ron unb
an . . bci * nem
§eil, . ^ai * fer.
b
b
ir!
eer.
ron.
ir!
_:^:
~jr — t —
f^ 1
-^
^ H=H
=
r
:jfc
i86
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
i
Tlax ©d&necfcnburgcr.
Scb^aft unb marficrt
Sie aSad^t am SHl^ein
^orl SBilbclm, 1820-1873.
cres.
d=4:
^r
s
1. (g^ brauft eln D^iuf toic !Don * ner * f)a(t, iDte (Sd^tocrt * gc •
2. !Durc§ $un * bert * tau * fenb ^udt e^ fd^nell, unb al * ler
3. (gr blicft \)'m * auf in $im ^ mcl^^au'n, ba $el * ben *
4. ©0 lang ein ^rop * fen 53lut noc^ filiiftt, nod^ ei * nc
5. !Der ©detour er^fd^attt, bie iCSo * ge rtnnt, bic ga() * ncn
/. , , cres,
^ , .N \ ! J ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^
=t=^
^^
//'
-^=^
=iw=
3=
iE
flirr unb 3Bo * gen=pratt: 3^iit ^Wn, sum$K()ein,^um beut^c^en
Slu * gen blit * gen fiell; ber !Deut - fc^e bie * ber, fromm unb
\)'d * ter nie * ber4<^ciun, unb fci^lDort ntit ftol * ytx ^amp = fe« *
fjauft "titxi ^t ' gen gief)t unb nod^ ein 5lrm bie 53u(^ * fe
flat * tern f)od^ im SBinb: Bum 9lf)ein, gum 9^I)ein gum beut * fci^en
@^
E^
->-1r:
,//
1^^
:fc
:ti=t
n
1
,
rL fL N
fc^ I
\j ,1 1
1^ ^^ 1
-i^
1 1
/r
N» ^
J ^ J •
^ J
^ 1
rts ^ •v X
^m* ^m S
« 2
j*«
A •^ 1
vP
1 • s •
S*
"^ 1
tr
b k!
^ i
$Hf)ein!
h)er
h)itl beg (Strom
-eS $it *
ter fein?
ftarf,
be *
fc^ii^t bie \)z\V ^
ge ?an *
beg * marf.
luft:
!Du
$ref)einbleibftbeutfd^
toie mei *
ne SBruft!
fpannt,
be :»
tritt fein geinb
f)ier bei *
nen ©tranb!
9^{)ein,
toir
al * (e tool ^
Icn §il ^
ter fein!
^
f^
f f f
?=___i-
-P- r^
•"^• 1
'rzf 1
^»
^ \» L.
1 !^
"^ s« 1
•^ r
k • k U
•
^ 1
i
1 P 1 •
* 1
rD '
1
^ fc' 1^
I ^
h
SONGS
187
^
-^-*—0 — #-
W^d^
fein, Ilcb 35a * ter^Ianb^Tnagft
_^ ^-
2ith 33a * tcr^Ianb, magft ru
m-
^ptq=tiz£fc=J
:£
^=t
=t=^:
/a
=i
ES^
:it=*:
iJE^
^^tEi3E^^
-g^
ru * f)ig fein; fcft ftcl^t unb trcu btc ^Sac^t, bic ^ad^t am
I / cres.
eE^
it^:
:^
=N=^=
4
//'
^^
^^^
I
t^^
m^i^=^.
m
f-f
SR^etn! fcft fte^t unb treu bte S!Ba(i^t,bie SBacilt om 8J6cinI
I
P
i88
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
(S. ®dhtl
aSanbcrf^aft: „^cr Wlai tft gcfommen"
gilr ficmifc^tcn S^or
3ul. 2BiI^. Sura, 1842.
i^^s^^e
:r*=±
=i=r
-^
-«i-
I
1. 35er 2Kai tft ge = tont=inen, bie S8au»ine fd^Iosgen au8,
2. grifc^ ouf brum, frifc^ ouf im l)cl = len ©onmen^ftra^f,
3. O 3Bon=bern, o SBan»bent, bu frei = c 93ur»[c^en=luft!
^-r^
4r_
4=-
f 1 1
:g=
P^^^
*=*:
]i=fc
itS^
!t^
ia^^
-N/^ K
=i=r
r
ba bid * be, h)cr ?uft l^at, mit (Sor = gen gu
h)o()I il * ber bie ^er * gc, tnof)! burd^ ba6 tie - fc
2:al!
^a tt)c4et ®ot*te« 0*bcm fo
frtW
/ ^. . ^-;-<P I r • F F-! F
-t^^t-
_-|fI2i-_-f--
in bie 58ruft,
#:
:>i=N:;
Stt
i
fe
-fV=v^
Iii^=it
fit
:^
«tcr*=i
-#-^ #-
I
2Btc bie SSol^fcn bort h)an=bern am l^ttnm ^ It * fd^en
!Die OueMen cr * flin^Qen, bie ^aume = rau=fc^en
1)a fin ' get uttb {auc^^get ba^ ^er^ jum §lm=mel^
^.=E^
^ -g-^-g-
il
^ES^i^
=f^
-fi-
-ti-
3elt,
oH;
= jelt:
^-
SONGS
189
i
»»/
EE^
^
I
I4^g^r=i=
:g:
I
fo fte^t aud^ mir ber ©inn in bte h)et = te, lt)et » te
metn ^crj ift loie 'nc 8er = d^e unb ftim= met cin tnit
SBte bift bu bo(| fo fd^on, 0 bu Wei = tc, rtei = te
2Belt.
sasciti
^•— ^
I
i
^^-ir~^~^
1-^
:S
*=:ti
Hoffmann Don SoUetSIebtn. 3ofep6 $asl)n, 1732-1809.
aWttBig lonofom.
A m-P
1 1 1
t
1
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4 -] J —
— p""^ — 1
h-^* li- -
rfYM* J — i^
-4 — J — 8 — i —
r^—
j
^"^ ^ • 8
5 f • •
i J *
^ ^
r ^eutfd^ * lanb, ^cutf(!^4anb ii * ber
I menn e« ftet^ gn ©cJ^uij unb
2 r ^eut * fd^e grau * en, beut * fd^e
1 fol * len in ber SBelt be ^^
r ^i * nig = feit unb dlt^t unb
* I ^a * nac6 lafet un^ al = le
^/ ^. f- -f- f- ^ -f-
al = leg, u :=
2:rut * sc brii ^
2:reu * e, beut =
l)al * ten il) *
grei := f)eit fiir
ftre * ben brii --
ber
ber *
fd)er
ren
bag
ber '
r«V S L i m
1 s
f ....
¥^-, /i p • p k r
L 1 1 [" 1
^-^b * ' h k 1
F '
T' 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 ' 1
U "
1
1
m
mf
^^=t=t-
^^E±
S
al ^ leg in ber SBelt,
r
Don ber SD^aagbig an bie
ung i\x eb * ler ^at be *
lic^ gu - fam * men - l^alt, >
SBein unb beut * fd^er (Sang 1
al * ten fd^o ^ nen ^lang, /
beut * fd^e 33a * ter = lanb! \ ^. . ^ .^ c cv^ ^^
li£^mi^©ers unb ^anbl) ^' ^ "^^ ^ ^''^ ^^^ ^^*^ ""^
^^P^
f^F
1-
I go
BEGTNNERS' GERMAN
^
M M-\-i^ ■-
U
^F
SD?c * mcl, t)on ber (gtf(i^ bi« an ben SQdt ©cutf$*lanb,
get * ftcrn un * fer gan * sc^ !2c * ben lang. !Deut * fd^c
grei '^ f)eit finb be« ©Ilif - feS Un * ter * pfanb. 33Ittr)' im
^ -^ -^ -€-: li-
lt
^
=£:
ili
i*=e
Ji
^
5M
=1=
^
-P5h-^-
-^-*-
i
*±^
!Deutf(54anb ii * ber al = Ie«, U = ber at * le^ in ber SBelt!
gran * en, beuHc^c 2:reu^e, beut == fc^er SBein unb beuHc^^er ©ang!
®Ian - ae bie^fe^ ©(ttf-feg, blii * i)e, beut-fd^e^ 5Sa*ter* lanb!
I
^m
i
m
r='=F
aBanbrcr^ 5Wa(3&tUeb
Sangfam unb eetragcn.
i
:^kfea
^
tJricbr. ^^lau.
^
^^=*
:^
•=^ * ^ J _^
^
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TT -^
il -- ber ol » len ®i») » fe(n ift SRul^; in a\ -- Icn ffitp»feln
^
IE
=^
S^
#^=5:
^^
SONGS
191
i
fe^
u^=^^t
^
if¥ ' J
!fe^gfc=g
rr-
fpil * reft bu fci = ncn ^auc^; bic 55 og - Icin fd^tDci^gcn im
^^t
=p=^^
^#-
fc^
:^
^
=^-
i
fcr
?4?
5
^= — ^
aBoI=be.
S33or = te nur, hjor « te nur, bal = be,
^*^-^-k^- » 1 K W( h"
IS
i
^
w=»-
=4=^
^
^- V
^3t
bal
be rufift bu aud^. SSBot = te nur, tear = te nur.
SiS
^^
Hl=r
^ri^i-
P
^
-•-#-
^te
^^ nV.
i
^^Eg
bal * be, bal * be ruf)ft bu aud^, bal * be rul^ft
PP rit.
^fe^^
^SE
bu aud^.
i
m?3.
^
bal • be ruMt bu aud^.
192
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
Set fto^e SBanbcr^mann, I
gttr gcmifd^tcn (Sl^or
3fofe*)'& »on (gic^nborff.
i
ii«^t
gelif 2KcnbcI«fo]&n»S3Qrt^oIb^, 1809-1847.
2:onf. bon ©cring.
— 1^ pv~\
3=^
53
-K
-*t-^ FV-al 1—
*-^-
I r^
1. SlBcm ®ott n)i(( red^ = tc ®unft cr * h)ei * fen, ben [deleft cr in
2. !Die 53ac]&4ein t)on ben ^cr * gen fprin * gen, bie ?cr*d^cn fd^tDirs
/i
^^
4^
^
-.-^t
dl:
I^E
«s
^ ^
. n tt it v
.
t
cr5.9.
y ^M- ^
N jk.
»L ,^ 1^ '
/ # J
P N
1 1
p^ ^ p ^ J # -
Wf\ *^ •^ ^
v^> 5 ••
/J -
J J t.«i J 2 J '
bic
rcn
•
h)ei * tc
r
SScIt,
guft:
-|» -5- -5- »• p - • •
bcm tt)it{ cr fci * nc SBun * bcr
h)a^ fottt' ic§ nic^tmit i() * ncn
,- -^ -«- -^. . >• 1^
^^'tt If
r r
if 8
' B
r r r r m ' m -\
b u
p 1
^9 1 !
r '
^ ^ ^ b \j fj i
^!: — U_
— U U-J
_4.-j — 1_
^ V ^ \
i
Ml
fet = nc 9Sun * ber
nlc^t mit i^ = ncn
-^-^-ih — ^- I ! — -^ —
iDci * fen, bcm tDilt cr fci ^ nc
fin * gen, tDa^ f oHt' ic^ nid^t mit
^s^
=3
=P=fc
fV V ^
SBun = ber mei = fen in SBerg unb
{{) = nen fin = gen ou8 O"! -- \tx
-^
^
SONGS
193
n tt #
aSalb, in S3erg unb
^c^I, au6 tool » Icr
•^ N ^ ^
SBalb
V *^i^ ^ 1
^ 1 1 1 K
■^ ." ! K' 1
Ur ^jt WK ^
•s " 1 ' J^
m %' d \
im ^ P ' P
^ . # • . •
«•
•# 9 . «#
Ks\) fy » ^ \ r ,
(^ •
p*
ir # . #^ 1
^ L/'^ '^ 'W'
^1 ^::
2BaIb
^Cf)I
uub ®trom unb
unb fri - fd^cr
^-
^-
^^•tt it
^•ftu.^
Hi
■■
:M:
^i
EE
gclb, bem tolH er fci = ne Sffiun»ber Wei « fen in SBerg unb
SBruft, tuaS foUt' ic^ nic^t ntlt iJ) = nen fin = 6«n ""^ "ol » '^'^
^
it^- -^ f
::f
J.
^tt^-lhz%
=t=fc
-V=l\2
:fc:5f=
i
J^
^ ff Piu lento ivitard
i
i
-r* ■ r-—
SEBalb unb ©tront unb gelb* „ -. .. . /u x^ y t '^
«> t.r V c • f^ ctt fxr, 3, ^cn he * ben @ott lafe i^ nur
^ef)l unb fn * f(|cr SBruft? ^ ^ '
^ Piii Zgn^o ritard
ffi
m
h^^
^
i
Ml
^ p a tempo
=&=^
^
^^
^
Wal^ten; ber S3ac^ = lein, 8er=d^cn,aBaIbunb gelb unb
^ p a tempo. . ^
|B5^^>[BT=pp>3;:f^t^
194
i
M:
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
ores.
*M
■+■
^i*
llz
'^ti=f
-^r^F-r^^
«*-
I
m
(Exh* unb ^immct toltt cr * f)al * ten, unb (Srb' unb §immcl h)itt cr
« S Mm C II Ji. tt p |_
^
^
3^
k i* ^=^=^
^:^--£
U 'k- b !• b
i
li^
l^t aud^ mcin' <Sad&'
5ES
y
y ^ n
'^l ;^ /I/ P j^ I ^-^ —
f)al * ten, ()at aud^ tncin^ (Sa(5',
/2 J^. i J -:-
::ttt
S
-#-+-
!/
f)at au(5 mcin'
^ ^ !^
jL jL' jL
n -tt If 1 ^ ^ n
- //
A ,
V ^J^ ( 1 K
^^ it J ' «L j^' #r
J N N ^
f « J
ex uij** ^ ^' j^
a •
W • J *
vT h* • • ^' •
i . J J J
• dm
^ -• p p u
(Sad^' auf6 bcff 6c - ftcKt! £)cr (Srb' unb ^Im * ntcl n)ia cr *
fm\' -tt If
J J J
Li
^J» tl-,.*r
P 0 0
k U 4fL
^ % —
j^ 1 1 r r
1 ' r ^r
1-5=^ !-W — V — U— J
M 1^ \/ »
i
i:^
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^
=*^j^TirV^n^
r-r
^^
fial * ten, ()at aud& mcln' ©ad^' auf# Bcff be*fteHt, Jat aud^ mcin'
-^■=+-
:fe=t=
=P
SONGS
auf'« beft%
aur« 6cft^ be - ftcCtl
m
1
-f-
^m
-'.-rr
T'/r
©ad^^ aufg beft^ be * ftellt,
A -J: J^ L
i
^^
tncin' ®ad&' auf« bcft^
-# • F^
ht :> ftctit!
£
ia
3ofcp^ bon (glci^cnborff. 2:onf. bon iKartc i5. SWacSonncII.
i
^
:t:
*=*
-gj-
^
^ ^ s- 9 — #•=—»-
aScm ®ott njtU red^ » te ®unft er = Xm. = fen, ben
fe^r:fz
g; r r: g:
^
r^—r g r pr~n^i
i
^ > ^— ^-
-1^— N-
fd^idt cr in bic Juei * tc S3ScIt,
^ ^ ^
^
^
htm toiU cr fel * ne
^ N ^
J .J u
m
*" 3:3 Vl i f
s
^
-ft N-
^—^-i u
^^"^ — 4-
i
=t=t=
3
T
*=f
SBun^ber toet * fen in Serg unb SBoIb unb ©trom unb gelb
^3t
m^
r^=h
-*--4^
i^
i
VOCABULARY
Explanations. In the following vocabulary — which is extensive on account of the in-
clusion of the additional reading and poems — words will be found in alphabetical order. The
gender of the nouns is indicated by the preceding article, and the endings of the genitive sing-
ular and the nominative plural follow in parentheses. The principal parts of the strong verbs
are given, and in case of strong verbs which change the vowel in the second and third person
singular of the present tense, the third person singular is given to indicate this root-vowel
change. In case of verbs which take fein as an auxiliary, the fact is indicated in the principal
parts.
ab, off, away.
ber 3(Bcnb (-«, -c), evening.
ba^ 5(bcnbcffcn (-^, -), supper.
bcr 5(^enbfonncttfrf|citt (-§), evening
sunshine (light).
ahttf but, however.
a^gcl^cn (ging ah, tft abgcgangcn), to
go off, start, depart.
ber 5l]6ituricnt (-en, -en), a candi-
date for the final examination
of the German higher schools.
aBrcifcn (aux. fein), to set out, de-
part.
bie 5(bftatnmung (-, -en), descent,
parentage; derivation.
oftftetgcn (ftieg ob, ift abgeftiegen), to
descend, dismount.
ahtttitn {aux. ^ahm and fein), (er
trltt ah; trat ah, abgetreten), to
tread off; to relinquish, resign;
to retire; an ben ^aifer — , to
yield up to the emperor.
abtticfcnb, absent.
ad^, alas, ah.
bie S((^fct (-, -n), shoulder.
a^i, eight; ac^te, eighth.
hk ^c^tung (-), attention; esteem,
regard.
abbicrcn, to add.
abicu, adieu, farewell, good-by.
bie 5(bbttion (-, -en), addition.
hit 5(bcr (-, -n), vein.
al^nUi^, similar, like, resembling.
bie S^re (-, -n), ear of corn.
ber 5(ffufattl> (-^, -e), accusative
(case).
att ( — er, — e, — e6), all, entire,
whole, each, everybody, every-
thing.
aSein, adj. and adv.^ alone; conj.j
only, but.
attcrtoegen, everywhere.
attmai^Urfl, gradually.
ot)^, as; than; when; but.
alfo, so, thus, therefore.
aft, old; bie 5llten, the aged.
ba^ TOcr (-^, -), age.
am = an bent,
amcrifanifd^, adj., American.
ha^ %mi (-e^, -^er), office, position.
an {dat. or ace), at, on, by, to,
near, in, upon.
ber ^nlbeginn (-e^), earliest begin-
ning.
anbinbctt (banb an, angebunbcn), to
tie on {or to).
ber ^nl^Ucf (-^, -e), view.
197
198
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
anbcr (bcr, bit, ha^ — c; cm
cine — t, eln — c^), other; untcr an*
berem, among other things; nlc^tS
anber^ al^, nothing else but that.
anberfciti^, on the other side (hand).
anber^hjo, elsewhere.
bie 5lncfbote (-, -n), anecdote.
ber 5tnfang (-«, ^e), beginning.
anfangcn (er fangt an; fing an, angc*
fangen), to begin; to do.
anfrageti; to ask in passing.
angcftdrcn, to belong to.
bcr 5lngcftiJrige (-n, -n), one be-
longing to, relative.
bcr 5(ngnff {-^, -c), handling, attack.
anfualtcn (cr f)alt an; f)iclt an, angc*
f)altcn), to hold (on) to, stop,
draw up.
anliaqtn, to accuse.
anfniipfen, to tie, join, fasten.
anfommcn (fam an, ift angcfommcn),
to arrive.
bcr 5(nfiJmmling (-«, -t), newcomer.
bic tlnlagc (-, -n), a laying out,
plan, park, pleasure-ground; in-
vestment.
aniegen, to lay out; to invest.
anne^men (er nintmt an; nalf^m an,
angenommen), to accept, take,
take for granted.
anraten (er rat an; riet an, angcratcn),
to advise, recommend.
anreben, to speak to, address.
anfdfreiben (fc^rieb an, angcfd^rlcbcn),
to write on or down.
anfc^en (cr ficjt an; fal^ an, angc*
fcf)cn), to look at or upon; to re-
gard; to respect; to esteem.
bic ^nfteblung (-, -en), colony.
bic 5lnftalt (-, -en), arrangement;
institution.
anftatt (gen.), instead of.
anftrengcn, to strain, exert; aUc
^raftc — , to strain every nerve.
bcr ^ntetl (-«, -c), portion, share,
interest.
bic ^nttoott (-, -en), answer, re-
ply.
antttjortctt, to answer, reply.
anhjefenb, present.
bic ^(n^a^l (-), number, multitude.
ber %pid (-«, •^), apple.
ber 5C^jfelbaum (-4, *c), apple-tree.
ber SCpril (-«), April.
bie 5trbeit (-, -en), work, task, per-
formance.
arbeiten, to work.
arg, adj. and adv.j bad, mischie-
vous, severe, hard.
drgerlic^, annoying, annoyed, an-
gry, vexed.
arm, poor; ber 5Irme, poor man.
ber 2lrm (-e^, -c), arm.
bie 5lrt (-, -en), kind, species; man-
ner, way.
ber 5(r5t (-c§, -^c), doctor, physician.
5Cficn (-€; neut.), Asia.
auc^l, also, too, even, likewise.
auf, prep. {dat. or ace), on, upon,
in, at, by, for, to, towards; adv.,
up, upwards.
aufbliil^cn (aux. fetn), to blossom
out, open, begin to flourish.
aufeffcn (er i^t auf; ag auf, aufgc*
gcffen), to eat up.
ttuffalftrcn (cr fiil^rt auf; fu^r auf, ift
aufgcfaf)rcn), to start up.
auffinbcn (fanb auf, aufgefunben), to
find out, seek out.
btc ^ufgabc (-, -n), task, lesson.
aufl&cbcit ({)ob auf, aufget)obcn), to
lift, raise, pick up.
VOCABULARY
199
fluf^citetn, to cheer or brighten
up.
ouf^ijrcn, to listen attentively; to
stop, cease.
auflofcn, to loosen, untie,
aufmadjcn, to open.
aufmcrffam, attentive,
bic 5(ufnoftmc (-, -n), taking up,
reception.
auf^affcn, to pay attention, watch.
aufrcc^t, upright, erect, straight.
awfrtt^tcn, to raise up, straighten,
ber 5luffa^ (-e«, -^c), composition,
essay.
auffi^cn (fag auf, ift aufgcfcffcn), to
mount.
auffte^en (ftanb auf, ift aufgcftanbcn),
to stand up, get up.
auftrctcn (cr tritt auf; trat auf, ift
aufgctreten), to step up (upon),
appear, come forward.
aufnjatftcn {aux. fcin), to wake
up.
bcr SCufnjdrtcr (-«, -), attendant,
waiter.
ba« 5(u9C {-^, -n), eye.
augcnMicflit^, momentary ( — ily),
instantaneous(ly), instantly,
ber 5(uguft (-^), August {month).
au^ {dat.), out of, from, of, by, for,
on account of.
au^btlbcn, to form (out), develop,
cultivate; to render accom-
plished or educated.
au^brittfcn, to press or squeeze out;
to utter, express,
bcr ^lu^fu^r^anbet ir^), export
trade.
au^fiil^rlid^, detailed, complete, full,
bcr ^uSgang (-c8, ^t), act of going
out, exit; result, end.
auSge^en (ging au8, ift au^gegangcn),
to go out.
aui^gctcgt, laid out, displayed.
aui^fommen (fam au«, ift au^gcfom*
men), to get along with, live
peaceably with.
auSkd^en, to laugh at.
\ia^ $Cu!^lanb (-c8), foreign parts,
nations.
auj^laufctt (er iSuft au«; lief au0, ift
au^gclaufen), to run or flow out,
extend.
aui^mad^en, to make out; to put
out (fire, etc.); to make up,
constitute; to settle (a dis-
pute).
au^fd^tagcn (er fd^Iftgt au3; fd^Iug
aug, au^gefd^Iagen), to strike out;
{aux. fein), to break out, bud,
sprout.
auigfeftcn (er fiefit au§; fal^ au«, au8*
gcfcl)cn), to look, appear.
ber ^(ugenl^anbel (-«), foreign com-
merce.
auftcr {dat.)^ out of, outside of; be-
sides, except.
au^erbem, besides, moreover.
auigf^rcd^cti (er fprid^t au^; fpra$ au0,
au^gefprod^en), to express, utter,
speak out, pronounce.
aUi^itben, to practise, exercise; to
carry out; to commit (crimes,
etc.).
bic 5tu^njanbcrung (-, -en), emigra-
tion.
auj^hjdrtig, outward, abroad, for-
eign.
aUj^toenbtg, outside; by heart; —
lemcn, to commit to memory.
au^lt)if(iften, to wipe out or away;
to erase.
2CX5
BEGINNERS GERMAN
»
ber Sadft (-e«, -^c; dim. ba« ^(tci^Icin),
brook.
bacfcn (er bacft; buf^'gebacfen), to bake.
ber 83drfcr {-^, -), baker.
baben^ to bathe.
hcL^ Sabc^immcr (-3, -), bath
room.
bie 25a^n (-, -en), path, course,
road, railway.
haXt^, soon.
ba6 85anb (-e^, -^er), band; rib-
bon.
bic S3attf: i. (-, -^c), bench, bank
{ground) \ 2. (-, -en), bank
{money hank).
bar, bare; ready (money), cash.
bie Sarmftcrsigfcit (-), compas-
sion, mercy.
ber S3au (-e^, -e or -ten), building,
structure.
!iauen, to build; to till, cultivate;
— auf, to count upon.
ber S3auer (-^ or -n, -n), peasant,
small farmer.
ber Saum (-e^, -^e), tree.
ber S3aum^faft( (-«, ^e), tree-pole,
post, stake.
bebauen, to cultivate, till.
bebenfen (bebac^te, ht'tQi6)i), to pon-
der, reflect, bear in mind.
bebeutett; to inform, direct; to
mean, signify, forebode.
Bebeutenb, important, significant.
bie 23ebeutung (-, -en), meaning,
significance, importance.
ber ^cbientc (-n, -n; ein — er), ser-
vant, lackey.
beenben {also beenbigen), to bring to
an end, terminate, finish.
bcfc^Ien (er beftebit; befabi, befolfilen),
to order, command.
fid^ befinben (befanb, befunben), to
be, feel.
begciftern, to inspire, fill with en-
thusiasm.
ber S3cgtnn (-e^), beginning.
bcginnen (begann, begonnen), to be-
gin, commence.
begteiten, to accompany.
bie S3eg(cttung (-, -en), accompani-
ment, attendance.
begriinben, to base, found.
bcbaften (er bebalt; bebtelt, bebalten),
to keep, retain; to carry.
bebunbeltt, to handle, manage,
treat.
be^crrfc^cn, to rule over, govern.
bcbitten, to guard, preserve, pro-
tect.
bet {dat.), by, at the side of, in con-
nection with, at.
beib ( — e, — e^), both, two.
beifattctt (er fcillt bel; fiel ht\, ift hti^t^
fallen), to come into the mind,
occur to.
\iOi^ S3ctn (-^, -e), leg.
betnabe, almost, nearly.
bctftctt (bt6, gebiffen), to bite.
ha^ 83etf)jiel (-^, -e), example; ^um
— ih ^0/ for example.
befannt, known, acquainted.
bie S3cfebruttg (-, -en), conver-
sion.
beflagen, to lament, bewail.
befommen (befam, befommen), to
get, obtain.
belaufc^en, to listen to, eavesdrop.
bcffen, to bark.
bemerfen, to perceive, notice; to
remark.
VOCABULARY
20I
ba^ JBcmii^Ctt M), trouble, pains,
endeavor.
6cnc^mcn (er benimmt; bcnal^in, be*
nommen), to take away; fic^ — ,
to behave.
Ibcncnncn (benanntc, bcnannt), to
name, designate.
Ibeciuem, comfortable,
ble S3cratung (-, -en), consultation,
deliberation, conference, council,
bie 83ercc()tigung (-, -en), title,
right; qualification.
berett, ready, prepared.
fierettcn, to prepare.
htttxt^, already,
ber S3erg (-(e)g, -c), mountain,
ber S3eruf (-(e)6, -c), calling, voca-
tion, profession, office.
httixf)mt, famous,
ber S3efc^ctb (-e^, -e), knowledge,
information, answer.
bcfdfteiben, modest, unassuming;
moderate.
Ibefcfteiben (befcfiieb, befd^ieben), to
allot, assign.
Befcftcinen (befd^ien, befd^lenen), to
shine upon, light up.
Befcftreiben (befc^rieb, befd^rieben), to
describe.
hit S3efc^reibung (-, -en), descrip-
tion.
Bef (ftii^en, to protect, guard, defend.
6cfc()cn (er befief)t; befa^, befef)en), to
look at, regard.
Befc^cn, to occupy, engage, take
possession of.
fiefingen (befang, Befungen), to sing
of, celebrate in song,
bte S3efinnwng (-), reflection; cinen
gur — (p) brlngen, to bring one
to his senses.
ber ©cfi^ (-c^)/ possession, prop-
erty.
Bcfi^en (befaS, befeffen), to sit upon,
have, possess.
bie S3cfi^ung (-, -en), possession;
pl.y dominions, dependencies.
Ibcfonbcr)^, especially, particularly,
extraordinarily.
Bcfonncn, thoughtful; fiirj — , with
little reflection, with quick pres-
ence of mind.
htipttd)tn (er befprtc^t; befprac^, be^
fprod^en), to discuss; ftd^ mit einem
— , to converse, deliberate, dis-
cuss with one.
ficffcr, compar. of gut.
ficftc, superl. of gut; auf6 — beftellt,
arranged for the best, in the
best way.
bcftanbig, steady, constant, con-
tinuous.
Bcftc^cn (beftanb, beftanben), to un-
dergo, stand (a test), pass
through, continue; to exist; —
au^, to consist of.
bcftcigcn (beftieg, beftiegen), to as-
cend, climb, mount, go on
board (ship).
Bcftctten, to order, dispose, appoint,
arrange.
beftimmt, determined, fixed, de-
cided, definite.
ftc5 beftrcben, to exert one's self,
try to obtain.
hit 23eftrebung (-, -en), effort, en-
deavor, exertion.
Befucften, to visit, attend.
bcteiligcn, to assign a share; to in«
terest; ft(^ — an (bei), to have a
share, be interested in, take part
in.
202
beginners' GERMAN
httonttt, to lay stress on, empha-
size.
ber f8cixa(i)t (-(c)g), respect, con-
sideration, point of view.
htttdd)tl\di, considerable.
htivaqcn (er bctragt; bctrug, bctragen),
to amount to; fid^ — , to behave,
conduct one's self.
htttcxhtn (betrteb, bctrtcben), to
drive upon, follow up, carry on;
to pursue (studies).
hcttttcn (cr bctrttt; betrat, betreten),
to step on, tread; to enter upon;
to enter (a house).
ha^ fSeti (-eg, -en), bed.
ber 93c«tcl (-«, -), sack, purse.
ber 83ct)ottma(l^ttgtc (-n, -n; etn
— er), one invested with full
power, plenipotentiary.
BcttJcifen (betnie^, betoicfen), to prove,
show, manifest.
ber S3chJ0^ner (-«, -), inhabitant;
resident.
ht^afiUn, to pay.
Btcber, upright, honest, loyal.
bie JBicnc (-, -n), bee.
ba6 S3Ub (-c€, -er), picture, image,
portrait, figure.
liilben, to form, compose; to edu-
cate.
bag SBUbcrbud^ (-eg, -^er), picture-
book.
bie Silbungi^beftrcBung (-, -en), ef-
fort for education.
Ibtllig, cheap, moderate, fair, just.
binben (banb, gebunben), to tie; see
also anbinben.
bie S3irnc (-, -n), pear.
hx^, as far as, up (down) to, to, till.
hitttn (bat, gebeten) urn, to beg for;
bittc, please.
ha^ matt (~c«, ""^r; dim. ha^ mdtU
d^en), leaf, blade; sheet, news-
paper.
Ibku, blue.
Utxhcn (blieb, Ift geblicben), to stay,
remain, continue.
ber SBlcifttft (-eg, -e), lead-pencil.
ber JBUcf (-eg, -e), look, glance.
Uxdtn, to look.
Mi^en, to lighten; to sparkle, glit-
ter, shine.
bloft, adj., bare, naked, mere; adv.,
only, merely.
hintftrXf to blossom, flourish.
hk f8inmt (-, -n), flower.
bag S3tut (-eg), blood.
filutcn, to bleed, die.
bliil^cn, to blossom.
bie fSlutt^tit (-, -en), flowering
time, prime.
ber f&ohtn (-g, ■^), ground, soil;
floor, attic.
bag fSoot (-eg, -e and 33ote), boat.
borgen, to borrow, lend.
fiijfc, bad, evil, wicked, malicious,
angry.
htauttjCtx, to use, want; to need.
Ibraun, brown.
Ibraufcn, to storm, rage, roar.
htat)f excellent, worthy, fine, good.
Ibred^en (er bridfit; brad), gebroc^en),
to break, pluck.
Brett, broad, wide.
ber JBrtef (-eg, -e), letter.
bringcn (brac^te, gebrad^t), to bring.
bag fStot (-eg, -e), bread.
ber JBruber (-g, ^), brother.
BriiberUt^l, brotherly.
bie 93ruft (-, -^e) , breast , bosom, chest.
ber f&uht (-n, -n), boy; scamp,
knave.
VOCABULARY
203
ba^ f8n^ i-ti, -^cr; dim. ha^ ^ild^*
Ictn), book.
hit IBitrfffc (-, -en), gun.
Bucftftabiercti, to spell.
hixdtn, to bow, stoop.
ba« S3ubgct H, -«), budget,
ba^ SSiinbcI {-^, -), bundle,
ber Suttbc^rat (-eg, ^c), Federal
Council (of Germany).
bit SBiirbe (-, -n), burden, load,
ber f8nxqtt (-^, -), citizen, burgher,
bcr ^urfcftc (-n, -n), lad, fellow.
bit ©utter (-), butter.
bcr (ba^) Si^or (-c^, -"-c), choir,
chorus,
bcr G^l^rtft (-en, -en), Christian,
ber (Ilirift(u^) (-t, dat. -0, ace,
-unx, (7y indeclinable) y Christ.
ba, aJz;., there; where; then, at
that time; conj., where, when,
as, since, because, inasmuch as.
baftet, therewith, thereby, at the
same time.
ba^ ')t)atii (-€«, -^cr), roof.
baburc^, thereby, through that.
bafiir, for that (it).
bagcgen, against it (that).
balder, from that place, thence,
hence, therefore.
bafterfommcn (fam bai)tv, tft bafier*
gefommen), to come along.
ba^tn, thither, to that place, along,
away, gone, past; big—, till then.
bomalig, at that time, then.
bic ^amc (-, -n), lady.
hamxi, adv.y therewith, with that
(it), by it; conj.y in order to, so
that.
banac^, for that (it), after that,
upon that.
baneben, near it, next to it, close
by, beside.
ber ^ant (-eg), thanks.
banfen, to thank.
bann, then.
baran (bran), thereon, thereat, at
or on it (that, them), in regard
to it, to; on the eve of.
barauf (brauf), thereupon, upon it.
barau)^ (braug), thereout, there-
from, out of it (this, that, them).
barin (brin), therein, in it (this,
that); barinnen, there within, in-
side.
bte ^orftcttung (-, -en), exhibition,
representation.
boriiber, over that (it), thereon
(of), about that.
barum (brum), about it.
ba§, the; which, that.
baft, conj., that.
ber ^atit) (-g, -e), dative (case).
ba^ Saturn (-«/ ®ctta or SDaten),
date.
bte ^aucr (-), duration, continu-
ance.
bauern, to last, continue, remain.
bat)on, therefrom, thereof, there-
by; of or by it (that); thence,
away, off.
bte ^erfc (-, -n), ceiling, cover.
berfcn, to cover.
ber X)egen (-«, -), sword.
bein ( — , — e, — ), thy, thine, your;
— cr, — e, — eg, yours; ber, bic, ba^
— (ifi)c, yours.
204
beginners' GERMAN
bit ^cHtnation (-, -en), declension.
bcfUniercn, to decline.
hit ^cnftrbctt (-, -en), thought
products.
benfen {ha^tt, gebad^t), to think;
— an, to think of.
ha^ ^tntmal (-g, -^er and -t), monu-
ment.
benn, for; than; unless; then.
ber (Me, bag): i. def. art., the; 2.
demons, pron. and adj., that
(one); 3. rel. pron., who, which,
that.
bcr*(bic', ba8=)iemge, that one,
those; he, she, it {before a rel.
pron.).
bcr*(bie*, bag^)feI6c, the same.
be^l^alb, therefore, on this account.
befto, the, so much; \t fd^neHer, —
elier, the quicker, the sooner.
bcutUdft, distinct (ly), clear, intel-
ligible.
beutft^, adj., German; — gSf)Ien,
count in German; auf — , in
German.
bag ^eutf(f|e (-n), German (lan-
guage).
eln ^eutfdfter (ber — e, bte — en), a
German.
ber ^eutfd^ficrremjrben (-«, -), the
knights of the German Order.
^eutft^Ianb (-g; neut.), Germany.
ber ^esember (-g), December.
b. ft., bag f)et6t.
bicftten, to compose, write poetry.
ber ^tcftter (-g, -), poet.
btcf, thick, fat, stout.
ber ^ieb (-eg, -e), thief.
ber Wiener (-g, -), servant.
ber ^tcnft (-eg, -e), service.
ber ^ten^tag (-eg, -e), Tuesday.
btcnftbar, serviceable.
bag ^ienftmdbcften (-g, -), servant
girl.
btci§ (— er, — e, —eg), this, this one,
the latter.
bte^mal, this time.
bag ^iftat (-g, -e), dictation.
biftieren, to dictate.
bag X)ing (-eg, -e), thing.
ber ^ireftor (-g, -en), director,
manager, principal or head-
master (of a school).
bttJtbiereti, to divide.
hit ^itJtfion (-, -en), division.
bocft, but, yet, still, however, never-
theless, though; fag mir — , do
tell me; hd^ t)erfte]f)en ®le — ? you
certainly understand that? I
hope you understand that?
ber Cottar (-g, -g), dollar.
ber ^Ottnerftatt (-g, -e), resounding
of thunder.
bonnern, to thunder.
ber ^onneri^tag (-eg, -e), Thursday.
bag Xiorf (-eg, -^er), village.
bort, there.
bortfelbft, see bort,
brei, three.
ber ^reifeigiaftrige ^rieg. Thirty
Years' War (1618-48).
breift, bold(ly), courageous.
britter (-e, -eg), third.
bag ^rtttet (-g, -), third.
broftenb, threatening.
ber ^ufatcn (-g, -), ducat.
bumm, stupid.
bunfel, dark, gloomy, obscure.
bunfetn, to grow dark.
biinn, thin, fine, small.
burtft {ace), through, by, by means
of, across.
VOCABULARY
205
burdjlcud^'ten, to light throughout,
brighten, illuminate.
burd^mac^ctt, to finish.
bur(^i$icften (^09 burc§, burc^gcgogcn),
to draw, pull or pass through.
biirfcti (er barf; burfte, geburft), to
dare, be permitted, ought. But:
i(^ f)abe augcjc^en biitfcn. Simi-
larly : miiff en, f onncn, mogen, fotlcn,
moKcn, etc.
ber 2)urft (-c«), thirst.
biirftcn, to thirst, be thirsty.
burftig, thirsty.
eficn, even, level, smooth; adv., just,
precisely, quite, certainly.
ebcnfatt^, likewise.
cbcnfo, just so; — Qut Xoxt, just as
good as.
\>k @cfc (-, -n), edge, corner.
ccfig, angular, cornered.
ebe(, noble, highborn; ber Sble,
man of noble birth or character.
ber ©bdmann (-e^, -leute), noble-
man.
ti)tf sooner, earlier, before, former-
ly; ere.
c^cr, cojnparative of e]f)C.
ci^rcn, to honor, esteem.
e^rlic^, honorable, honest, just.
c^tltJiirbtg, venerable.
ba^ @t (-eg, -er), egg.
ct! ay! indeed! why!
cifcrfiidfttig, jealous, envious.
Ctgen, proper, own, peculiar, spe-
cial; strange, curious.
bte (Jtgcnart (-, -en), peculiarity.
Ctgcnfinmg, self-willed, headstrong.
etgentUd^, proper, real, really, prop-
erly speaking.
ber ©igcntiimct (-§, -), proprietor.
cigcntiimlic^, (belonging to) exclu-
sively; peculiar, strange.
bte (SUe (-), haste, speed, hurry,
cUctl, to hasten, hurry.
etn (eine, ein), a, an, one; adv., in,
into.
cinanber, another, one another,
each other.
cin^nngcn (brad^te etn, eingebracfit),
to bring in.
bie (^in^ufec (-, -n), loss, damage.
citier ( — e, — §), one; a person, peo-
ple.
cincrlci, of one sort; all the same,
immaterial.
cinfad^, simple, single.
ber ©infatt (-(e)g, -^e), falling in;
sudden idea, notion.
ber annflug (-ffe^, -iiffe), flowing
in, influence.
ber @inful)rf)anbe( (-g), import
trade.
ctnnrabcn (er griibt ein; grub etn, ein*
gegraben), to dig in; to engrave.
cinftcrgetjen (ging etn{)er, ift einf)er^
gegangen), to move along, wan-
der about.
cin^olcn, to bring in, go to meet or
fetch; to obtain; to overtake.
cinig, one, single, united; einige,
any, some, a few.
eimgcmal, a few times.
ftd^ cinigcn, to agree.
bie ©tmgfeit (-), unity.
bie ©inigung (-, -en), union, agree-
ment.
cinja^rig, lasting one year; ber
(Siniaf)rig*i^rein}iltige, volunteer
soldier serving one year.
cinmal, once, one time, once upon
2o6
BEGINNERS' GERMAN
2. time, sometime, just, only;
f;Uf — , suddenly; noc^ — , OBce
more.
r.'>3 ©inmalcin^, once one, multi-
plication table.
tftinc^mcn (er nimmt cin; na^m eltt,
eingenommen), to take in, gather
In; to capture; to receive, col-
lect.
c^tAtiditen; to arrange, order, estab-
lish, furnish.
eta^, adv. J one, of one mind.
bit (Hn^ (-), (the number) one.
w^xifam, lonely, lonesome, solitary,
alone.
^iafctfUcftlic^i, inclusive.
HiX (Bin\ptndj (-(e)«, -^c), prohibi-
tion, protestation, opposition.
d»ft, once, one time, some day.
vnuftnjeilcn, in the meantime.
bic ©intrat^t (-), concord, union.
efntrctcn (er tritt ein;trat ein,ift cingc*
treten), to step in, enter; to begin.
bcr ©itttritt (-(c) g, -e), entering on,
entrance, admission.
hit ^tn^al^l (-), singular (number).
einjcln, single, separate, solitary.
bcr ©inaclftaat (-e^, -en), (single)
state.
tit ©tfcnfia^tt (-, -en), railway,
railroad.
bag ©lemcnt (-g, -c), element.
bie (^Uctn {pi. only)^ parents.
empfangcn (er empfangt; empfing,
cmpfangen), to receive.
empfc^Icn (er cmpfief)It; etnpfaf)!,
cmpfof)Ien), to commend, recom-
mend.
cm^jfinbcn (empfanb, etnpfunben), to
feel, experience.
em^or, up, upwards, on high, aloft.
emporbringcn (brad^tc entpor, ciu);m'ii
gebrad^t), to raise up or forward,
promote.
cmpori^cben (f)ob empor, cmporge^o*
ben), to raise up.
\i6) emporf(^mingen (fc^toang cmpor,
emporgef(f)tt)ungen), to rise or soar
up.
bag ©nbc (-g, -n), end, termina-
tion; aim, purpose, object.
enbgiiWtg, final.
enblid^, final, last; finally, at last.
enbloi^, endless, infinite.
\iit ©nbung (-, -en), ending.
englift^, English.
bag ©nglifc^c (-n), English (lan-
guage).
ber ©nfcl (-g, -), grandson.
tiit ©ntberfung (-, -en), disco very ^
disclosure.
cntfattctt (er entfallt; entfiel, ift ent*
fallen), to fall from or out of.
cntgcltcn (er entgilt; entgalt, ent*
golten), to suffer for, atone for.
cnt^ alien (er entfialt; entf)ielt, entfial^^
ten), to hold, contain.
cntne^mcn (er entnimmt; cntna^im,
entnommen), to take away or
from, borrow from.
entfc^ulbtgen, to excuse.
entfcnbcn (entfanbte, cntfanbt), to
send off.
entfprcc^cnb, suitable, correspond-
ing.
entujebcr, either.
hit @nttt)i(Httng (-, -en), develop-
ment.
entstucibreci^en (er brid^t entatoel; brac&
entatuet, entsmeigebrod^en), to brea*
in two, asunder.
evlbauen, to build up, erect.
VOCABULARY
207
ha^ Qtht (-0), inheritance, herit-
age.
crMic^, hereditary, heritable.
ba^ (SrWcit (~^, -c), inheritance.
bcr (SrbbaE M), globe, world.
bk ©rbe (-, -n), earth, world;
ground, soil.
bag ©rbcnrunb (-e«), ^ee (grbball.
bag ^rbgefrffofe (-ffeg, -ffe), ground
floor.
hit @rbfunbe (-), knowledge of the
earth, geography, geology.
ber @rbtci( (-eg, -t), part of the
world, continent.
crfalftrctt (er erfiif)rt; crfulir, crfal^rcn),
to learn, come to know.
ble ©rfinbung (-, -en), invention.
crfolgcn {aux. feln), follow from, re-
sult.
ergreifen (ergrlff, crgriffen), to lay
hold of, seize.
eri^ alien (er tv\)alt; tx^idi, erfialten),
to keep, uphold, maintain, re-
ceive.
etl^eblid^, important, considerable,
weighty.
crfcnnen (erfanntc, erfannt), to know;
to recognize.
erflarcn, to explain; to declare.
fid^ erfunbtgcn, to inquire.
erleibcn (erlitt, erittten), to suffer,
endure, undergo.
crlijfcftcn (er erllfc^t; erlofc^, ift er*
lofd^en), to extinguish, go out,
become effaced.
crmittein, to find out.
etna^ren, to nourish, support,
maintain.
crnft, earnest, serious, grave.
bie Qtohttnnq (-, -en), conquest,
acquisition (by conquest).
crSffnen, to open, unclose; to dis-
close, publish,
erratcn (er errclt; erriet, crraten), to
guess, divine.
crreic^cn, to reach, attain.
erricftten, to erect, set up, found.
erf(^aHen {aux. fein), to resound,
ring.
erfcftUcfecn (erfd^Iog, erfd^Ioffen), to
open, unlock; to disclose; to con-
clude, infer.
crfcftrcrfcn (er erfd^ricft; crfc^raf, ift
erfd^rocfen), to be frightened,
alarmed, startled.
crft, firstly, for the first time; not
until; only; but just; htv, bie,
bag — e, the first; — er, — e, — eg,
first, foremost.
erftaunen (aux, fein), to be aston-
ished, surprised.
crteilen, to impart, give, bestow.
ethjad^fen (er ertoad^ft; ernjud^g, ift er*
n)ad^fen), to grow, grow up.
erlDarten, to look for, expect, await.
bie (^toaxinnq (-, -en), expectation,
anticipation.
crtoeifen (ertoieg, ertolefen), to prove,
show, render.
ertoibcrn, to reply, answer.
ersafften, to tell, relate.
bie ©rjal^lung (-, -en), narration;
narrative, account, story.
crjiel^eii (ergog, eraogen), to rear,
bring up, educate.
bcr (Sfel (-g, -), ass, donkey.
cPar, edible, eatable.
cffcn (er ifet; a6, gegeffen), to eat.
bag @ffcn (-g), eating, food, meal.
ber ©fetiftft (-e^^ -c)/ dining- table.
bag @ft5tmmcr (-g, -), dining-room.
cttDtt, perhaps, indeed, nearly, about.
208
beginners' GERMAN
titt)a§, something, somewhat,
some; a little.
cucr (eurc, cuer), your; gen. of il^r.
cttJtg, always, eternally, forever.
bie @njt(|fcit (-, -en), eternity.
ba^ ©jamcn (-6, -tnina), examina-
tion.
bie ©gpcbttion (-, -en), dispatch,
forwarding, expedition.
bk fjofirif (-, -en), factory, manu-
factory.
ber gaben (-^, •^), thread.
bit Saline (-, -n), flag, banner.
fasten (er fdf)rt; ful^r, ift or f)at gefalfi*
rcn), to go (in a conveyance), go
on; to proceed, travel, drive,
sail, journey.
bie i^aftoxti (-, -en), agency; fac-
tory.
fatten (er fiittt; ftel, ift gefallen), to
fall, drop.
bk Samilic (-, -n), family.
fangcn (er fdngt; ftng, fiefangen), to
catch, take prisoner.
bk ?yarbc (-, -n), color.
faff en, to seize.
faft, almost, nearly.
foul, lazy; foul, rotten.
bie fjauft (-, -^e), fist.
ber gcbruar (-«), February.
bie Scbcr (-,-n), feather, quill, pen.
fcl^lcn, to miss, fail; to be missing
or absent; to be wanting or de-
ficient; to ail.
ber fjc^ler (-^, -), mistake, fault.
ber i^tkxtaq (-e§, -e), holiday, fes-
tival.
ber geinb (-e^, -e), enemy.
ba^ ??elb (-e8, -er), field.
ber gcli^ (-en, -en) or ber gelfen
(-^, -), rock, cliff.
ba^ gclfenrtff (-e«, -e), reef, ridge
or ledge of rock.
ba^ gcnfter (-«, -), window.
bk fjerien {pi. only)^ vacation, holi-
days.
fern, far (off), distant.
fertig, ready; complete.
feft, fast, firm, hard.
bie Seftftcttung (-, -en), the deter-
mining, establishment, the fixing.
ber fjefttag (-e«, -e), holiday, festi-
val day.
finben (fanb, gefunben), to find; fid^
— , to find one's self; to be (in
condition, place).
ber Singer (-^, -), finger.
ber gldc^feninftaft (-g, -e), surface,
contents, area.
bie gramme (-, -en), flame.
Pattern, to flutter, float in the wind.
ba^ SJIcifcId (-eg), flesh, meat.
f(etfttg, industrious, diligent.
fltegen (flog, ift geflogen), to fly.
flicficn (flofe, ift gefloffen), to flow.
bie fjlottc (-, -n), fleet, navy.
ber Slur (-e^, -e), hall, corridor.
ber S^ug (-ffeg, -^ffe), flow, stream,
river, circulation.
folgen {dat.), (aux. fein), to follow.
fotgcnbermaftcn, as follows, in the
following manner.
forbcrn, to demand, require; to
summon, challenge.
bie i^oxm (-, -en), form, figure,
shape.
ber gorfc^cr (-g, -), searcher, in-
vestigator.
bag Sort (-«, -g), fort, fortress.
VOCABULARY
209
fort, on; away, off; forward, on-
ward.
furticftc^cn (beftanb fort, fortbeftan*
ben), to last, endure, continue to
exist.
fortfatircn (er fiijrt fort; ful^r fort, ift
fortgefa^ren), to depart, drive off
or away, travel off; to continue,
proceed, go on.
fortfdjirciten (fd^ritt fort, ift fortgc*
fci^ritten), to move onward, make
progress, improve or advance.
ber Sortfc^ritt (-eg, -c), progress,
advance, improvement.
btc fjortfc^ung (-, -en), carrying on,
continuation.
forttrcilben (trieb fort, fortgctricbcn),
to drive away or onward; to pro-
pel, carry on; to continue.
bic f?ragc (-, -n), question.
fraqen, to ask.
granfrctc^i (-g; neut,), France.
ber St^an^ofc (-n, -n), Frenchman.
franjofifc^, French.
bag gransofifd^e (-n), French (lan-
guage).
btc Srau (-, -en), woman, wife,
madam, Mrs.
bag Srdulcin (-g, -), young (un-
married) lady. Miss.
fret, free, at liberty; — tiaben, to
have a vacation.
bie Srci^eit (-, -en), freedom.
fretlid^, to be sure, of course, cer-
tainly.
frelfpre^cn (er fprid^t fret; fprad^ fret,
freigcfprod^en), to acquit.
ber Sreitag (-g, -e), Friday.
ber Sreimitttge (-n, -n), volunteer.
^tm'^t strange, foreign; unknown,
unusual.
bte Srcmbc, foreign country; in ber
— , abroad.
freffen (er frlfet; frag, fiefrcffen), to
eat {oj beasts).
bie S^^eubc (-, -n), joy, gladness,
delight, pleasure.
freubig, joyful, cheerful.
freuen, to make glad, please, give
pleasure to; fic^ — (liber or gen.),
to rejoice, be glad, be pleased,
ber greunb (-eg, -e), friend,
bte Sreunbin (-, -nen), female
friend.
frcuttblid^, friendly, kind, cheerful,
bte greunbft^aft (-, -en), friendship,
ber ?Jrtebe(n) (-ng, -n), peace.
frier en (fror, gefroren), to freeze, be
cold.
frifd^, fresh, vigorous.
frol^, happy, gay, joyous.
frij^lid^, joyous, joyful, gay, merry,
ber Sro^ittn (-(0^)/ cheerfulness,
happy disposition.
fromm, pious, upright, honest,
bie fjrud^t (-, -^e), fruit,
friift, early.
bag Srii^ja^r (-(e)g, -e), spring,
ber griitjling (-g, -e), spring,
bag ffru^ftitrf (-g, -e), breakfast.
fit^len, to feel.
fii^ren, to lead, carry (on),
ber Su^rmann (-eg, -leute), coach-
man, driver,
fitnf, five; fiinfte, fifth.
fiinffad^, fivefold (times); bag
giinffad^c, portion five times as
great, quintuplet.
funfein, to glitter, shine, sparkle,
fiir {ace), for.
btc f^urc^t ir), fear; — tor, fear
of.
2IO
BEGINNERS GERMAN
fiircfttcn, to fear.
bcr fjiirft (-en, -tn), prince, sover-
eign.
fitrtoai^r, indeed, forsooth, verily.
ber gufe H^/ '^^), foot; gu — , on
foot.
bcr Sufeboben (-6, - or ■^), floor.
ber ffufegangcr (-«, -), pedestrian.
hit SJufercife (-, -n), walking tour.
bic @abc( (-, -n), fork.
bcr ©algcn (-^, -), gallows.
bcr @ang (-c^, -^c), path; hall, cor-
ridor.
bic Q^an^ (-, ^t), goose.
gatlj, whole, entire, all, complete.
gar, quite, entirely, very, at all;
prepared; — nid^t, not at all; —
nid^tg, nothing at all.
ber ©arten {-^, ^), garden.
bcr ©drtncr (-«, -), gardener.
bo^ (^a\i\)avi^ (-eg, ^er), hotel,
inn.
gebarett (fie Qcbiert; gcbar, gcborcn), to
bear, give birth to.
ha^ ©cbdubc {-%, -), building.
gcbcn (er ^\hi\ i^ah, gcQeben), to give;
c6 fiibt, there is (are).
hcL^ ©cbict (-e«, -c), district, prov-
ince, territory.
geboren, born, by birth, native.
bic ©cfiurt (^, -en), birth, origin,
family.
ber ©eburti^tag (-(c)^,-c), birthday.
bic ©cbanfctttoclt (-, -en), thought
world, ideal world.
gebenfen (gebac^tc, gebac^t), to re-
member; to intend, design, plan.
bag @cbt(^t (-eg, -e), poem.
bic ^ebulb (-), patience, endurance,
forbearance.
gefaKett (er gefiillt; sefiel, gefaffcn;
dat.)j to please, suit.
gegen, prep, {ace), towards, against;
about, somewhere near,
bcr ©cgcnftanb (-c^, -^c), object,
subject, affair.
ha^ ©cgcntcil (-c^, -e), opposite,
contrary.
gCgCttiiber, adv., opposite; prep.
{with dat. preceding), opposite
(to), opposed to, in relation to,
as concerns,
ble ©cgcnttjart (-), present time;
presence.
gc^en (ging, ift gcgangen), to go,
walk; to go or fare with; to be
(in health); bag gef)t nic^t, that
will not do.
gcl^ijren {dat.), to belong to.
ber @cift (-eg, -er), spirit, soul, mind,
intellect; f)umanen ©elfteg, of the
spirit of culture.
gcifttg, spirituous, spiritual; men-
tal, intellectual,
bag ©cflirr (-g, -c), clanking.
gclangcn {aux. feln), to reach, arrive
at, attain (to), get.
gclb, yellow.
bag ©clb (-eg, -cr), money,
bcr ©clbfarf (-eg, -^e), money-sack,
bag.
gelegentlid^, occasional, incidental,
on an occasion, on occasion of.
gclcftrt, learned, instructed, well-
informed,
ber ©clcl^rte (-n, -n; ein — r), learned
person, scholar.
geUngcn (eg gelingt mir; gelang, ift
gelungen), to succeed, prosper.
VOCABULARY
211
gcmcittfam, common, held in com-
mon.
gcmittlid^, good-natured, kindly,
agreeable, cheerful; cozy.
gcnau, close (fitting), accurate,
minute, exact.
bcr ©cnittti (or -ctit), -«, -c), geni-
tive (case).
genug, enough, sufficiently.
bcr (3coioq (-en, -en), geologist.
ba6 ©e^kuber (-«, -), chatter.
g(e)rabe, straight, erect; even;
straightforward; quite, just.
ba6 ©crid^t (-e^, -c), court of jus-
tice, judgment.
gering, small, little, trifling, unim-
portant.
ber ©crmancnftamm (-eg, ^c), Ger-
manic family, race, stem.
gent (Ueber, am liebften), with pleas-
ure, willingly, readily; — Ijiabcn,
to like.
bie @efamt0et)blferung (-, -^n),
total population.
bcr ©efamtmcrt (-e8, -e), total
value (worth, price).
bcr @efang (-e«, -^c), singing, song.
bag ©eft^aft (-eg, -e), employment,
occupation, business.
geftffc^en (eg 0cfd^ie()t; gefc^al^, ift ge*
fd^e{)en), to happen.
bie ©efcfttd^te (-, -en), history,
story, affair.
bag ©efdftmeibc (-g, -), trinkets,
jewels.
bag ©efdftofe (-ffeg, -ffe), arrow, fire-
arm; floor, story.
btc @ef(fttoifter (pi. only), brother(s)
and sister (s).
ber @cfeff(e) (-(e)n, -(e)n), com-
panion, fellow.
bie ©efettMaft (-, -en), society, as-
sociation, company, social gath-
ering.
bag @cfe^ (-eg, -e), law.
bie ©efe^gebung (-, -en), legislation.
gefe^t, fixed, established, set up;
sedate.
bag ©efic^t (-eg, -er or -e), sight,
countenance, face.
gefinnt, minded, disposed.
geftern, yesterday.
gefunb, sound, healthy, well.
bie ©efunbfteit (-, -en), health.
bag ©etreibe (-g, -), corn, grain;
bag ©etretbefom (-g, -^er), cereal,
grain.
getreulitft, faithfully.
genjalttg, powerful, strong, mighty.
bag ©enjdffer (-g, -), water (collec-
tive), flood.
getocrBlid^, industrial, professional.
bie ^eminnung (-, -en), gain(ing);
acquisition.
gettiift, sure(ly), certain(ly).
bag ©ehJtffen (-g, -), conscience.
genjd^nli(^, usual, ordinary, cus-
tomary, common.
bag ©ettJiirs (-eg, -e), spice, season-
ing.
ber (SJehiiirsl^anbel (-g), spice trade,
commerce in spice.
gicrig, greedy.
ber ©t^jfel (-g, -), summit, top.
ber ^(ans (-eg), luster, brightness,
splendor, magnificence, glory.
gldnjenb, brilliant, splendid.
bag &ia^ (-eg, -^r), glass, drinking
glass, etc.
bcr ©lofer (-g, -), glazier.
glauben, to believe, think.
gleid^, alike, even, level, equal.
212
beginners' GERMAN
gtcie^giifttg, equivalent, indifferent.
ba^ ©Itcb (-eg, -cr), member, link;
rank or file.
gli^ern, to glitter, glisten.
bag ©liirf (-eg), luck, fortune, suc-
cess, happiness.
gliirfHc^, fortunate, lucky, happy,
successful.
glii^en, glow, burn.
W (SJnabc (-, -n), favor, good- will,
grace, mercy.
bag @oIb (-eg), gold.
golben, golden, gilt.
W ©olbfiiftc (-, -n), gold-coast.
ber (^oii (-eg, ^er), God, god.
ber ©outjerncur (-g, -e), governor.
bag (iJrab (-eg, -^er), grave.
bag ©ra^ (-eg, ^er), grass.
grau, gray.
grauentjott, awful, horrible.
grctfen (griff, gegriffen), to grasp.
ber @rei^ (-eg, -e), old man.
grtecftifc^, Greek.
bag ©rtcc^ifcldc (-n), Greek (lan-
guage).
groff, tall; grogere %xqfi% a rather
large number.
W @rogc (-, -n), tallness, great-
ness, size.
griitt, green.
ber ©runbbcri^cr (-g, -), landed
proprietor.
griinben, to ground, establish,
found, base.
bie ©runbform (-, -en), fundamen-
tal form(s) (principal parts).
hit ©riinbung (-, -en), founding,
foundation, establishment.
gritnen, to grow or be green; to
thrive, prosper.
bic @ruppe (-, -n), group.
griigeti, to greet.
giittig, valid, legal, binding, ap-
plicable, admissible.
bie @unft (-), favor.
gut (beffer, beft), good, well.
bag @ttt (-eg, -^er), good thing, pos-
session, property, goods, estate,
farm.
ber @i)mnafiaft (-en, -en), pupil of
a ®i)mnafium.
bag @l)mnafmm (-g, -ien), German
higher school in which the clas-
sical languages are emphasized.
bag ^aar (-eg, -e), hair.
ftaficn (er ()at; f)atte, gel^abt), to have.
ber ^afcn (-g, ■^), haven, port, har-
bor.
ftalii, half.
W Jpalbfugcl (-, -n), hemisphere.
ber ^alm (-eg, -e), blade, stalk.
ber ^al^ (-eg, -^e), neck.
l^atten (er f)a(t; f)lelt, ge()alten), to
hold, keep; to support, main-
tain; to contain; to celebrate; to
think.
bie ^anb (-, -^e), hand.
ber ^anbel (-g), trade, commerce,
affair, business.
W ^anbcli^beste^ung (-, -en), com-
mercial relations.
hit ^anbel^flottc (-, -n), commer-
cial fleet, fleet of merchantmen.
bie ^anbel^meberloffung (-, -en),
commercial settlement, colony.
bie ^anbcli^ftabt (-, -^e), commercial
city.
ber ^anbcli^toeg (-eg, -e), path of
commerce.
VOCABULARY
213
hit ^anhlnm (-/ '^^)t action, busi-
ness, trade, shop.
bcr ^anhtr)ttUhm{tt^c (-n,-n), trav-
eling artisan, journeyman.
bic ^anfa (-), Hanseatic league.
hit ^anfoftabt (-, ^c), city of the
Hanseatic league.
f^att, hard, harsh, severe, cruel, ob-
stinate, difficult.
i^aftUc^, hateful, loathsome, ugly,
unpleasant.
bcr ^an^ (-c«, -c), breath, breeze,
aspiration.
^auen (!)lcb, gcf)auen), to hew, cut;
to lash, strike, beat.
ha^ ^anpt (-e^, -^cr), head, chief.
bic ^auptfadfte (-, -n), chief mat-
ter, main point.
^au^tfac^liri^, chief (ly), principal,
main.
bie ^amjtftabt (-, -^e), chief city,
capital.
bie ^au^tftraftc (-, -n), main street.
ba^ ^an^tttii (rt^, -t), principal
part.
ha^ ^anpttt)oxi (-c^, ^tx), noun.
ba^ ^an^ (-e^, -^er), house; nad^
§aufc Qcl^cn, to go home; ju §aufc,
at home.
bic ^au^int (-, -en), front door.
i^cbcn (f)ob, gcf)obcn), to raise, lift.
ha^ ^ccr (-e^, -c), army.
ha^ ^cft (-e^, -e), handle, stitched or
paper-covered book; copy-book.
bie ^ctbe (-, -n), heath, unculti-
vated land.
bag ^tihtnxMUin {-^, -), little rose
on the heath.
^cil! hail!
f)txl\Q, holy.
i^cim, home, homeward.
bic ^eimat (-), home, native place
or country.
l^ctmatUt^, native, belonging to
one's home.
l^eimltc^, secret (ly).
bcr ^ctmttjcg (-eg, -c), way or road
home.
l^Ctfe, hot.
i^eigen (l^icg, gel^ctfecn), to command;
to be named, called; to mean.
i^eitcr, bright, cheerful,
bic ^clbcntat (-, -en), heroic deed,
bcr ^dbcnbatcr (-8, -«-cr), hero(ic)
father.
iftclfen (er fiilft; W^r 9cl)oIfcn; dat.),
to help; to profit, avail; to do
good.
5ctt, clear, bright.
Iftcnfcn, to hang,
bic ^etinc (-, -n), hen.
l^cr, hither, this way, near, since,
ago.
f)txah^aUtn (er fiillt l^crab; fid Ificrab,
ift l^erabgef alien), to fall down.
^croBfteigen (ftieg fjcrab, ift l^crabgc*
ftiegen), to descend, dismount.
ftcrantnaciftfctt (er mcid^ft l^cran; h)ud^«
Scran, ift J^crangenjad^fen), to grow
up.
i^craui^fcnbcn (fanbtc Ificrau^, ^txau^^
gcfanbt), to send out.
bcr ^txh^t (-eg, -c), autumn,
bcr ^crfiftmonat (-«, -c), autumn
month.
l^ercin! (come) in!
IJcrfa^rcn (er faf)rt l^cr; ful^r ^tx, ift
Ificrgcfafircn), to come hither, ap-
proach, arrive in a vehicle,
move or drive hastily along.
l^ermarfr^tcrcn {aux. fein), to march
hither or along, approach.
214
beginners' GERMAN
bcr J&crr (-n, -en), master, lord,
gentleman, Mr.
bcr ^crrfd^cr (-«, -), ruler, sover-
eign, commander,
bcr ^crrfd^ertl^ron M, -c(n) ),
ruler's throne.
i^crumltegcn (lag l^erum, l^cruntQc*
IcQcn), to lie around.
fteruntcrl^olcn, to bring down.
titvi)ovtommcn {tarn l)txt>ox, ift l^cr*
t)orgcfoTntncn), to come forth
(out, up), appear,
bag ^crs (-cn^, -en), heart.
ffCt^idi, hearty, cordial, afiEection-
ate.
fittttt, to-day.
l^eutig, of to-day, of the present
time.
l^tcr, here.
i^icrattf, hereupon, upon this, then,
bcr ^mmd (-«, -), heaven, sky.
bic $tmmcl^au(c) (-, -(c)n), fields
or meadows of heaven.
^tmmlifdfl, heavenly.
^tna^jagcn, to hunt (drive, chase)
down.
IftinabttJcrfcn (er h)irft \)imh; toarf
f)inab, f)inabgctDorfcn), to throw
down.
l^inauf, up (thither), up to.
i^inaui^fci^cn (er ftcE)t f)inau«; fal^ l^in*
an^, ^inau^gcfcfien), to look out.
l^inein, into.
fttnctnrufcn (rief |)lncin, !)incinQcru*
fen), to call in or into.
^tncinfden, to sow into (the ground),
bic <$tngabe (-), giving away,
surrender, devotion.
i^tngebett (cr gibt ()in; gab bin/ bingc=»
gcbcn), to give to (away); to sur-
render, sacrifice.
l^tttlegett, to lay down; to put away;
fid^ — , to lie down.
l^ittfid^tnii^, with regard to, as to,
touching.
jointer {witk dat. or ace), behind,
after.
l^iniibcrsie^ctt (jog btnilbcr, btnttbcr*
gcsogen), to pull over; to pass
over, extend.
i^itiautrcten (cr tritt binju; trat l^ingu, ift
binsugctretcn), to step up to, join,
bcr ^irt (-en, -en), shepherd.
^oc^ (^o^cr, bod^ft), high, tall, great,
noble.
i^oc^i^cilig, most holy,
bic ^o^\6)vXt (-, -n), higher school
or university,
bcr ,!&of (-c^, -^c), yard, courtyard;
court, household (of a sovereign) .
Iioffcn, to hope.
l^offcntUcft, (as) I hope.
hit ^oi)t (-, -n), height, high level;
summit, top; mountain.
^olb, pleasing, charming, lovely,
l^oten, to fetch, get; to draw
(breath),
bcr ^oUanbcr (-«, -), Dutchman.
\>(x^ ^olj (-c«, -e or ^tx), wood,
^forcn, to hear,
bcr ^iigcl (-«, -), hill.
l^uman, tending to refine, cultural,
bcr ^uttb (-eg, -e), dog.
Iiunbcrt, hundred,
bcr hunger (-«), hunger.
ftungcrn, to hunger, be hungry,
starve.
l^ungrig, hungry,
bcr $ut (-c8, -"^c), hat; cover,
bcr filter (-g, -), guardian, keeper,
bcr ^utmaci^cr (-«, -), hat-maker,
hatter.
VOCABULARY
215
tftr {nom, pL of bu), you; {dat,
of ftc), to her; poss. adj., her,
their, your; poss. pron., hers, its,
theirs.
tftrtgc (ber, bic, ba« — ), hers, its,
theirs; {with cap.), yours; bit
S^xi^tn, your family.
tm=iTi bent.
immcr, always, ever, more and
more, continually.
in (dat.), in, at; (ace), into.
inbeffen, meantime, meanwhile;
while, however, nevertheless.
bcr ^nbtaner {-^, -), Indian.
ber ^ttbifatb (-(e)^, -e), indica-
tive (mood).
ber Sngcnicur (-^, -e), engineer.
ber Sn^att (-e6), contents.
tnnen, within.
innttoofjncnh, indwelling, innate,
inherent.
in^ = in ha^,
in^ftcfonbcrc, especially.
bic Sttfcl (-, -n), island.
tnfotneit, in as far as, so far, accord-
ing as.
tntcreffottt, interesting.
ha^ Stttcrcffc {-^, -n), interest, ad-
vantage.
xntcxnaUonalf international.
tntticnbig, inside, within.
Stalicn (-^; neut.), Italy.
itoliemfc^, Italian.
3
ja, yes; indeed, truly, certainly,
you know, of course,
bag Sai^r (-e6, -e), year.
bk 3al^rC)§5clt {-, -en), time of year,
season.
ha^ 3[a^r^unbcrt (-3, -e), century.
jd^rtg, year long, lasting a year,
bcr Sanuar (-8), January.
it, always, at a time, each; {before
comparatives), the; — . « . befto,
the . . . the.
jcbenfatt)^, at all events, in any case,
however.
jcb ( — er, — e, — eg), each, every,
iebcrjctt, at all times.
ichc^mai, each (every) time,
jebod^^ however, nevertheless, yet.
jcmanb, some one.
icn ( — er, — c, — eg), that one, the
former.
jc^t, now.
jc^ig, present, now existing.
hit 3ugcnb (-), youth, young peo-
ple,
ber Sua (-(g)), July.
i«ng, young; iiingfte 3cit, recent
time,
ber Sungc (-n, -n or -ng), boy, lad,
youth.
hit Sungfrau (-, -en), young woman,
virgin,
ber Sunt (-(g)), June,
ber (bag) Sumct (-g, -c or -en),
jewel, gem.
ber ^ajfcc (-g, -g), coffee.
bic ^offcctaffe (-, -n), coffee cup.
ber ^at)n (-g, ^e), boat.
ber 5latfcr (-g, -), emperor; bic ^ai*
ferin (-, -nen), empress,
bic ^aifcrfomtlie (-, -n), imperial
family, family of the emperor.
lax^ttio§, without an emperor.
2l6
beginners' GERMAN
bie Slaifcrhjiitbc (-, -n), oflace or
position of the emperor; see
iffiiirbe,
fait, cold.
ber ^amcrab (-6 or -en, -en), com-
rade, companion, fellow.
ber ^omm (-e6, -^e), comb.
fammcn, to comb.
f am^jfen, to fight, combat, struggle.
ber ^am^jf (-e^, -^e), battle, combat.
ble 5lampfc^luft (-), eager desire for
battle.
bag 5lapital (-«, -ten), capital,
principal.
ber ^a^Jttolift (-en, -en), capitalist.
bie ^artc (-, -n), card, map, chart.
ber ^aftcn (-g, -), box, chest.
bie ^a^c (-, -n), cat.
faucn, to chew.
faufcn, to buy, purchase.
ber £aufmann (-g, -leute), mer-
chant, tradesman, shopkeeper.
faitm, hardly, scarcely; — . . ., fo
. . ., scarcely . . ., when . . .
bie ^c^lc (-, -n), throat.
fci&rcn, to turn, sweep.
ber ^cim (-e«, -e), germ, embryo.
fcin, not any, no, not a; fein^ i)on
beiben, neither of the two.
ber better (-g, -), cellar.
fcnncn (fannte, gefannt), to know,
be acquainted.
bie ^cnntni^ (-, -ffe), knowledge,
information.
ber ^erl (-eg, -e), fellow, worthless
fellow, bad character.
fcut^cn, to pant, gasp, cough.
tiOi^ 5linb (-eg, -er), child.
ftnblt;^, childlike, childish.
bie ^irtftc (-, -n), church.
Ha gen, to complain; cinem ti\Q^^
— , to complain to one of some-
thing.
ber ^(ang (-eg, -^e), sound, tone,
ringing; repute.
f(ar, clear, bright.
bie 5!laffc (-, -n), class.
bie ^laffcnu^r (-, -en), class clock.
bag ^llaffcnsimmcr (-g, -), class
room.
bag ^Xctb (-eg, -er), article of cloth-
ing, garment, dress.
fictbcn, to clothe.
ficin, small, little.
flctnafiattfrfi, of i\sia Minor.
Wo|jfcn, to knock, beat, pK)und.
flug, intelligent, clever, wise.
ber ^nabc (-n, -n), boy.
bie ^na^cnf d)ute (-, -n), school for
boys.
ber ^nccftt (-eg, -c), servant.
fniipfen, to fasten together, join,
tie, knot.
ber ^od^ (-eg, ^e), cook.
bie ^oi^lc (-, -n), coal.
ber or bag ^olonialbcrdtft (-eg, -e),
colonial province, domain.
bie ^olonialmac^t (-, -^e), colonial
power.
bie Colonic (-, -n), colony.
ber Slolomftttor (-g, -en), colonizer.
fommcn (fant, ift gefommen), to
come, arrive, happen.
bie ^omlJagnie (-, -n), company
{military).
bag 5lonbtmcnt (-g, -e), seasoning.
ber ^ijmg (-g, -e), king.
bag ^omgrctc^ (-eg, -e), kingdom,
empire.
bie Conjugation (-, -en), conjuga-
tion.
fonjugtcrcn, to conjugate.
VOCABULARY
217
bcr ^oniunftit) (-(e)6, -c), sub-
junctive (mood).
tonmn (er farm; fonntc, gefonnt), to
be able to; to know, understand.
bcr to^f (-e^, ^e), head.
ba^ ^t)|jftoc]^ (-e^, -c or -en), head-
ache.
ber ^oxh (-e6, *e), basket.
ba6 5lorn (-e6, -^er; Jfw. ba^ ^drn*
d^en), grain.
ber 5EiJrper (-^, -), body.
bie ^iJr^crft^aft (-, -en), corpora-
tion, body.
foftbar, costly, expensive, valuable,
excellent, precious.
fi^ftlic^, costly, excellent, delicious.
hit ilraft (-, -^e), strength, vigor,
power, force, energy.
fraftig, strong, powerful, forceful.
frafttJOtt, full of strength, powerful.
franf, sick, ill.
bie ^ranf^ictt (-, -en), sickness, ill-
ness, disease.
ber ^rans (-e^, -^e), garland, wreath.
ba^ ^xaut (-e^, -^er; dim. ba^ ^vauU
lein), herb, plant, vegetable,
weed.
bie ^reibc (-, -n), chalk, crayon.
ba^ ^reuj (-e^, -e), cross, crucifix.
ber ^reu55ug (-e^, ^e), crusade.
ber trteg (-(e)^, -e), war.
ber ^riegcr M, -), warrior, soldier.
ber ^rieg^tjcrt (-(e)n, -en), com-
mander-in-chief.
ber ^ron^rins (-en, -en), crown
prince.
frumm, crooked, bent, curved,
twisted; dishonest.
bit ^iiti^c (-, -en), kitchen.
ber ^ucftctt (-g, -), cake.
ber ^urfucf (-(e)6, -e), cuckoo.
bie ^nf) (-, -^e), cow.
filial, cool.
fiinftig, future, coming.
bit tunft (-, ^e), art, skill.
ber ^urfiirft (-en, -en), electoral
prince.
furio^, curious, singular.
ber ^urfu^ (-, -fe), course (of in-
struction).
furs, short.
bit ^liifte (-, -n), coast, shore.
bie ^utft^c (-, -n), carriage, coach.
ber ^utfc^cr (-^, -), coachman,
driver.
la^tln, to smile.
lacftcn, to laugh.
ber Sabeti (-^, -^), shop, store.
bie Sage (-, -n), situation, position,
condition.
iaffxttf lame, crippled.
ba^ Sanb (-e^, -e or ^er), land, soil;
country; state; ju — , by land.
bie Sanbc^marf (-, -en), border,
boundary of a country.
bie SanbCi^tJcrtrctung (-, -en), na-
tional body of representatives,
diet, parliament, congress.
ber Sanbmann (-e^, -leute), farmer,
peasant.
ber Sanbi^mann (-e^, -^er), country-
man, compatriot.
bie Sanbftrafec (-, -en), highroad,
highway, main country road.
lang, long; lange, a long time.
bte Sangc (-, -n), length.
langfam, slow, slowly.
laffen (er lafet; liefe, gelaffen), to let,
leave (alone); to let go; to cause
or have (done).
2l8
beginners' GERMAN
bic 2aft (-, -en), load, burden.
ba6 Satein (-g), Latin (language).
kteinifc^, Latin.
loufcn (cr ISuft; lief, ift gelaufen), to
run.
ba6 Saufcn (-^), running.
laut, loud, noisy, aloud.
(autcn, to sound, read.
itbtn, to live.
ba^ Scbcn H, -), life.
ber ScBcn^gcnuft (-f{e^, -"-ffe), enjoy-
ment of life.
Icbcnjoi^n farewell, good-by!
Icrfcn, to lick.
legen, to lay, put, place; ftd^ — , to
lie down.
bte Scgcnbc (-, -n), legend.
bie 2cl)ranfta(t (-, -en), educational
institution, school.
bie Sciftrc (-, -n), teaching, theory,
precept.
Ic^rcn, to teach.
ber Scl^rer (-«, -), teacher.
bit Sd^rerin (-, -nen), (female)
teacher.
bic Sc^rcrjaftl (-), number of
teachers.
bag Sci^rfad^ (-eg, -^er), subject (or
branch) of teaching.
ber Sd^rling (-g, -e), apprentice.
U\(ili, light, easy.
Icib, adj. (used with feitt, tun, tDer*
ben), painful, disagreeable; eg ift
ntir — , I am sorry; eg tut mtr —
urn ®te, I pity you, I am sorry
for you; bte "iPferbe iattn ii)m — ,
he was sorry for the horses.
leiben (Ittt, gelitten) an, to suffer
from; to endure, tolerate, per-
mit.
Iciber, unfortunately.
(cifc, low, soft, gentle.
bic Scftion (-, -en), lesson.
bic Scrd^c (-, -n), lark.
Icrncn, to learn; augn^enbig — , to
learn by heart.
U^hax, legible.
Icfctt (er lieft; lag, gclefen), to gather,
pick out or up; to read.
bag Scfcftiirf (-eg, -e), selection for
reading, piece.
le^t, last, latest, latter.
bie Scnte (^pL), people, men.
ber Seutnant (-g, -g), lieutenant.
bag Stc^t (-eg, -er or -e), light.
Ixth, dear, beloved, valued, at-
tractive, charming; — \)abm, to
love, like, be fond of.
bit Sicbc (-), love.
licben, to love, like.
liebUd^, charming (ly).
ber Sickling (-g, -c), favorite, pet,
darling.
bog Sicb (-eg, -er), song.
Hcgcn (lag, gelegen), to lie; to be
situated.
bit Sinic (-, -n), line; in erfter — , in
the first place.
linf (-C or -cr, -c, -eg), left; linfg,
to the left, on the left.
bit 2xppc {-, -n), lip.
loiien, to praise.
lodxq, curly.
ber Soffcl (-g, -), spoon.
(ol^ncn, to reward; eg lo\)nt \ici) (ber
SD^iifie), it is worth while.
bag Sorbccrbtatt (-eg, -^er), laurel-
leaf.
lo§, loose, free, released, flowing.
lufc, loose; dissolute.
lijfctt, to loosen, untie, solve.
lo^Qcfftn (ging log, ift loggegangen),
VOCABULARY
219
to come or go off; to begin; auf
cinen — , to fly at, attack.
bic Sttft (-, -^c), air, atmosphere,
breeze.
bic Suft (-, -^c), pleasure, joy, de-
light, desire.
m
madden, to make, do; to cause,
effect; to amount to.
bic Ma^i {-, ^c), might, strength,
power; powerful state,
madfttig, mighty, powerful, strong.
ha^ McLt>6)tXi (-^, -), girl, maiden,
maid.
bic Wia^^ (r, ^t), maid, kitchen-
maid, general servant.
tna^Icn, to mill, grind.
bcr aflat (- or -t^), May.
bic ajlaib (-), (poetical), see Wla^b,
mat, times, time; once.
maUn, to paint.
ber SJlalcr (-^, -), painter.
man (indec), people, one, they.
tnanc^ ( — er, — c, — e^), many (a),
many a one, much.
mandftnal, sometimes, often.
ber SJlann (-e6, -^er), man, husband.
bcr SWantelfad (-c«, -^c), portman-
teau, saddlebag.
ha^ Wlaxditn (-g, -), (fairy) tale,
legend.
bic Matint (-, -n), navy.
bic Mart (-, -en), boundary, bor-
der country; mark, coin = about
24 cents.
bic WlatU (-, -n), stamp (letter).
ber WlatU (-t^,-^t), market, market-
place.
marfc^tcren (aux. fein), to march.
bcr ^ax^ (-en or -eg), March.
ha^ SJlatcrial (-^, -icn), material,
stock,
bic SD'latl^ematif (-), mathematics.
ha^ aWaul (-eg, -^er), mouth (of
beasts).
bic Wlau^ (-, -"-c), mouse.
ba^ SWeer (-eg, -c), sea,
ntcerfremb, strange or unused to
the sea.
bag Wltifi (-g), meal, flour, powder,
tnci^r (generally indec; hut pi.,
— ere), more, several; further;
— alg, more than.
bic SRcftrsal^t (-, -en), majority;
plural (number).
tncin ( — , — e, — ), my, mine; — er,
— e, — eg, mine; ber, bie, bag
— (t0)e, mine.
tnctncn, to be of the opinion, think,
suppose, mean,
bic SJlcinung (-, -en), notion,
opinion, intention, thought, will.
tttcift (superl. of mt^x), most.
tticiftcni^, for the most part, mostly,
generally,
bic SJlclobic (-, -en), melody, tune,
air.
bie SJlctonc (-, -n), melon,
bic SRcngc (-, -n), great quantity
or number; multitude, crowd,
mass,
ber SKRenfc^ (-en, -en), human being,
person,
bic SDlenfc^iftcit (-), humanity, man-
kind.
mcrfen, to mark, observe, perceive,
note,
bag aWcffcr (-g, -), knife,
(ber) midiacm (ber —tag), Michael-
mas (day) (Sept. 29th).
220
BEGINNERS GERMAN
bic SJltcne (-, -n), mien, bearing,
expression.
Mc mm (-), milk.
ba^ Wlii(i)qla^ (-e^, -^cr), milk glass.
tnilb, mild, tender, gentle, kind,
generous.
ber SJZUitarbicttft (-eg, -c), military
service.
bie 9Jlitttarbc (-, -en), milliard (bil-
lion).
bie SJlittion (-, -en), million.
bie Wlxnt {-, -n), mine.
bie mirmit (-, -n), minute.
miftgiittfttg, envious, jealous.
ber 9Jltffionar (-g, -e), missionary.
tnit, adv. and sep, prefix, along,
along with, together; {in com-
pounds), CO-, fellow-; prep, (dat.),
with, along with, together, at,
to.
tnitfidngcn (brad^te mit, mitgebrad^t),
to bring with or along.
mitcinanbct, with one another
(each other).
bag SJlttgltcb (-g, -er), member.
mttlaufcn (er lauft mtt; lief mit, ift
mitgelaufen), to run with, along
or along with.
ber SOlittag (-g, -e), noon (day).
ha^ aWittagcffcn (-g, -), noonday
meal, dinner.
ha^ WlittdaUtt (-«), Middle Ages.
tnttten, midway, (in) the middle of.
bie Wlitttxna^t (-, -^e), midnight.
ber WlitttDod) (-g, -e), Wednesday.
tttittoirfen, to cooperate, assist,
collaborate, take part, contrib-
ute towards.
mogcn (er mag; mod^te, gemoc^t), to
like, desire, be willing; to be per-
mitted; to be possible; may.
mijgliti^, possible.
mijglic^ft (superl. of mogltd^), as
... as possible.
ber Wlomi (-g, -e), month.
ber Tlontaq (-eg, -e), Monday.
moralifc^, moral.
tnorgcn, morning, to-morrow; —
friif), to-morrow morning.
ber SJlorgen (-g, -), morning, dawn;
am folgenben — , on the next day.
tnorgcnf(^iJn, as beautiful as the
morning.
ntiibc, tired.
bie Wlixfic (-, -n), trouble, pains,
effort, labor; nld^t ber — iDert,
not worth while.
ber WlnUtt (-g, -), miller.
bie SlRuItipUfatwtt (-, -en), multipli-
cation.
ber Wlttuh (-eg, -e and ^tx), mouth.
ntiinblitft, orally.
tnurrcn, to murmur, grumble, com-
plain.
ttiiiffcn (er mug; mugte, gemugt),
must, to be obliged to, have to.
ber 2)lut (-eg), mood, disposition,
spirit, courage.
ntutig, courageous, spirited.
bie abutter (-, ^), mother.
m
nad^ (dat.), after, later; towards,
to; — unb — , little by little, by
degrees; — §aufe, home.
nadftbem, adv., afterwards; conj.,
after, according as.
ber ^^ladjfolgcr (-g, -), successor.
narffgiebig, flexible, yielding.
ber 91ac^mittag (-eg, -e), afternoon.
bie 9lacftrtc^t (-, -en), news.
VOCABULARY
221
bcr S'lac^fd^uift (-c6, -^c), new batch,
reenforcements.
nat^ft (superl. of naif)), next, nearest,
closest.
bic ^adii (-, ^t), night; ilbcr — ,
over night, during the night.
bie 9label (-, -n), needle.
ber S^lagcl (-^, ^), nail.
naft (na()cr, nad^ft), near, close (by);
— (e) an, near to.
bic 9^a^c (-, -n), nearness, neigh-
borhood.
htx^amt(n) (^(n)§, -n), name, title.
namcni^, named, of the name.
namlic^, namely, to wit, that is to
say.
ber 9^1 arr (-en, -en), fool, idiot.
bie 9lafc (-, -n), nose.
naft, wet.
bas 9flattottalbcnfma( (-(c)^, -^er),
national monument.
ber S^otionatfciertag (-eg, -c), na-
tional holiday.
bag S^lattonatttcb (-eg, -er), national
song.
bie Station (-, -en), nation.
bie 9^atur (-, -en), nature.
natMtc^, natural (ly), of course.
bie 9laturtt)iffcnfc^aft (-, -en), nat-
ural science.
nei^en (dat. or ace), near, next to,
beside.
ncbcn^cr, along, beside.
ncftmen (er nimmt; nal^m, genom^*
men), to take, seize.
ncibtfcft, envious, jealous (auf, of).
ncin, no.
ncnncn (nannte, genannt), to name,
call.
ncn, new; neuere @prad^en, modern
languages.
ticugicrig, curious(ly).
ha^ S^cuja^r (-eg, -e). New Year.
ncutt, nine; neunte, ninth.
tticftt, not.
nid^t^, nothing; mir — bir — , quite
coolly, without ado.
nit, never.
ber ^icbcrbcutfefte (-n, -n), Low
German.
nicbcr, nether, low, down.
iid) mcbcrlaffcn (er Icifet fi(§ niebcr;
IteS fic^ nieber, fic^ ntebergelaffen),
to sit down, settle.
mcbctfc^iaucn, to look down.
nicbcrft^icften (fd^ofe nieber, nieberge*
fd^offen), to shoot down.
niebrig, low, vile, mean, lowly.
niemanb, no one, nobody.
ntmmcr, never (again).
nod^,beside, further; still, yet,as yet;
another; — einmal, once more.
ber 9lomittatitJ (-g, -e), nominative
(case).
ber 9florbctt (-g), the North.
norbnjdrt!^, northward.
ber '^ot)tmhcv (-(g)), November.
bie 9'lot (-, -^e), need, want, neces-
sity, trouble, difficulty.
nothjcttbigcrnjcifc, necessarily, of
necessity.
bie ^nU (-, -en), naught, zero.
bie S^ummcr (-, -n), number, cipher.
nun, now, well.
nur, only, merely, scarcely, a little
while ago, but just, just.
gu nu^e; — madden, to turn to ad-
vantage, avail one's self of.
ber Slu^en (-g), use, profit, ad-
vantage.
nit^Hd^, useful, advantageous.
nu^io^f useless, unprofitable.
222
beginners' GERMAN
o
vh, if, whether.
ohtUf above, aloft, on high, at the
top.
ober^atb, above.
hit Ohtxiippt (-, -n), upper lip.
bit Ohtvpvima, upper first (grade);
highest class in a German higher
school, ninth year.
hit Ohtxxtali^nit {-, -n), a German
higher school in which the an-
cient languages are displaced by
the modern, and where the arts,
sciences, and technical subjects
are emphasized.
hit C^crfchinba, upper second
(grade); seventh year in a Ger-
man higher school.
oberft (superl. of obcr), top, highest.
ber Obcrft (-en, -en), chief, colonel.
bie Obertcrtia, upper third (grade);
fifth year in a German higher
school.
bic Obrigfctt {-, -en), magistrate,
authorities.
ha^ Obft (-e^), fruit.
Dblt)Oi|l, though, although.
Dber, or, or else, otherwise.
ber Dfcn (-g, -^), oven, stove.
offcn, open, frank, public.
ijffentlic^, public.
ber Ofpsicr (-«, -c), officer.
flffncn, to open.
oft, often.
ijftct!^ {compar. of oft), quite often.
o^nc (acc.)y without, but for, ex-
cept; — ba6, but that, save
that; — hai er bemerfte, without
his seeing, so that he did not see.
ha^ Oftr (-(e)g, -en), ear.
ber Dftobcr (-(«)), October.
ber Onfcl (-«, -), uncle.
ba^ C^fct (-^, -), offering, sacrifice,
victim.
H^crfrcubig, willing to make sacri-
fices, self-sacrificing.
Op^Ctn, to sacrifice.
Othtntixd^, orderly, regular, proper,
usual.
ber Often (-^), East.
bie Oftern (pL), Easter.
fifterrcic^ (-^; neut.), Austria.
ijftlicft, eastern, easterly.
bie Oftmarf (-, -en), eastern border
country.
bie Dftfcc (-), Baltic Sea.
bag $aar (-eg, -c), pair, couple.
ftc^ ^acfen, to be gone; ftc^ feiner
SBege — , to go his way, clear out
on his way.
ha^ ^apitx (-g, -c), paper.
ber ^apxcttoxh (-cS, ■^), paper-bas-
ket.
ber $arf (-eg, -e), park.
ha^ ^^artamcnt (-eg, -e), parliament.
iparlamentarifd^, parliamentary.
hit ^eitfcfte (-, -n), whip.
bie $crfon (-, -en), person, role.
ber ^farter (-g, -), clergyman, par-
son, minister.
ipfctfen (pflff, gepftffen), to whistle.
ber pfennig (-g, -e), the smallest
German coin, tott mark; about
I cent.
bag $ferb (-eg, -c), horse.
bie ^fingftcn (pl.)y Whitsuntide,
Pentecost.
bie ^^an^t (-, -n), plant.
pflan^tn, to plant.
VOCABULARY
223
hit ?Pf(ottmc (-, -n), plum.
bit ^flcgc (-, -n), care (of, for),
tending, fostering, cultivating.
hit $iftok (-, -n), pistol.
hit ^kgc (-, -n), plague.
bic ^(antagc (-, -n), plantation.
hit ^lantagcn&cfi^ung (-, -en), plan-
tation possession, dependency,
dominion.
bcr $la^ (-c«, -^c), place.
bcr $la^regen (-«,-), sudden down-
pour of rain.
pioi^iiti), sudden (ly).
bcr ^plural {-^, -t), plural (num-
ber).
:ponttf(^, political.
ber ^ratt (-^), bounce, rebound.
ha^ ^vd^tn^, present tense.
^rcuftctt (-^; neut.), Prussia.
pvtn^iid), Prussian.
bcr ^rins (-en, -en), prince.
bic ^tinscffin (-, ~nen), princess.
bie $rtkjatfc^|u(c (-, -n), private
school.
bcr ^rofcffur (-«, -en), professor.
bic $rx)fa (-), prose.
I^rofit! your health! may it do you
much good!
ha^ ^nli (-e«, -e), desk.
ber "tl^nnft (-e^, -e), point, dot,
period; sharp (of time).
a
bic Cluabtatmettc (-, -n), square
mile,
bie Clttarta, fourth grade; the third
year in a German higher school,
bie OueIKe (-, -n), spring, source,
bie Cuinta, fifth grade; the second
year in a German higher school.
fic5 tati)cn, to take revenge.
raM, quick (ly).
ber ^aitnpla^ (-c^, ^e), lawn.
bie 9f{oft (-), rest.
bcr 9iai^^ttt (-n, -en), alderman,
councilman.
bic fftaitc (-, -n), rat.
bcr 9lcalgt)mnafiaft (-en, -en), pupil
of a QfJealQtjmnafium.
ha^ OieaIgl)mnafium (-^, -ten), see
also ©i^mnafium; German higher
.school in which Greek is re-
placed by the modern languages
while Latin is given with fewer
lessons than in the ©tjntnaftum.
bie dttti^tnan^Qaht (-, -en), task or
lesson in arithmetic.
ted^nen, to count, calculate, reckon,
count upon.
ha^ dtcttjntn (-^), arithmetic, count-
ing.
rcd^t, right, quite, real; properly;
— f)abcn, to be right; e^ alien ?eu*
ten — maii)tn, to please or suit
everyone.
ha^ ffttdjt (-c6, -c), right, claim,
title, law, justice.
ttti^i^, to the right, on the right.
bic JRebe (-, -n), speech.
rcbcn, to speak, talk.
ha^ dtthtn (-^), talking, speaking.
regc, astir, lively, active.
bcr Sfiegcn (-^, -), rain.
bcr JRegentro^fen (-^, -), rain-
drop.
regicren, to reign, rule.
rcgnen, to rain.
rcicft, rich.
ha^ ditx^ (-cS, -c), empire, king-
dom, realm.
224 BEGINNERS' GERMAN
bic 9(?cic^i§o«ge(e9Cttftett (-, -en), af- bic 9fJofc (-, -n; dim. ba« 9^o3letn),
fairs of the empire. rose,
ber Dfieic^^fansJcr (-^, -), Imperial hcL^ JRog (-ffe^,-[fe), horse, charger.
Chancellor. • rot, red.
btc Dflcic^^regicrung (-, -en), govern- ber Stiirfgang {-t^, -^e), going back,
ment of the empire. return, retreat, retrogression.
ber Stcic^^tag (-e^, -e), (imperial) ber 9Juf (-e^,-e), call, cry; vocation,
diet. Parliament. calling; reputation.
retf, ripe, mature. rufen (rtef, gerufen), to call, ex-
bie ^Jlet^e (-, -n), row, rank, line, claim.
order. bie DfJul^C (-, -n), rest, peace, quiet,
reifen {aux. feiit and l^aben), to travel, sleep.
journey. ru^ett, to rest, sleep,
ber JReifigc (-n, -n), horseman, rul^ig, quiet (ly), tranquil, still,
trooper. peaceful.
rcifien (rife, gerlffen), to tear; an fid^ ru^mtiott, famous, glorious.
— , to usurp. rirnb, round.
retten (ritt, ift gerttten), to ride (on
horseback),
bie DftcUgion (-, -en), religion. hit <Bci6)t {-, -v), thing, affair,
rennen (rannte, ift gerannt), to run, cause, case.
race. Sacftfen (-^; neut.), Saxony,
ber Utetter (-^, -), savior, rescuer. ber Sarf (-e^, -^e), sack, bag.
ber Oiftctnpfalser (-«, -), inhabit- bie ©age (-, -n), saying, tale,
ant of the Palatinate of the legend, tradition.
Rhine. fftg^n, to say, tell, speak, pro-
tic^ten, to adjust, arrange, put in nounce.
order; to regulate; to turn; to bie Sammlung (-, -en), collection.
address; to judge; to try; to ber Sanii^tag (-e^, -e), Saturday.
execute. ber ©ang (-e^, -^e), song, singing,
ber O^ic^ter (-^, -), judge. ber Sa^ (-e^, -^e), sentence, phrase.
ric^ttg, right, correct, in order. faucr, sour, cross,
ba^ 9iic^tftau^ (-fe^, ^fer), court- ber 8c^abc(n) (-n^, ■^), damage, in-
house. jury, wrongs.
rictften (rod^, geroc^en), to smell. W ©d^alc (-, -n), shell, skin, peel,
ber Oliemen (-^, -), strap; thong. husk.
tiefen^aft, gigantic. bag ©(i^attiaftr (-ce)g, -e), leap-
ttttnen (rann, ift geronnen), to flow, year.
run. bie ©(^ar (-, -en), band, flock, mui-
ber JJJoggen (-g), rye. titude, crowd.
wmanifcft, Romanic, Romance. W<ltf, sharp.
VOCABULARY
225
bcr Sc^iattcn (-6, -), shadow.
fd^a^en, to treasure, prize, value,
estimate.
ittjaucn, to look at, gaze upon, be-
hold, see.
ba^ ©c^aufcnftcr {-^, -), show- (dis-
play-) window,
ber ©rfiaum (-eg, -^e), foam, lather.
fc^icibcti (fc^ieb, ift or ^at gefd^ieben),
to depart; to separate.
Mcincn (fd^ien, gefc^ienen), to shine;
to seem, appear.
Merjcn, to jest, joke.
f(^i(fctt, to send.
ba^ Sddiff (-eg, -e; dim. ba^ ©d^iff*
c^en), ship, vessel,
bcr (Bd^x^ct (-g, -), skipper, sailor,
boatman.
fd^tmpfen, to insult; to abuse; —
auf, to vituperate, rail against,
bcr ©d^tm^jfnamc (-ng, -n), abusive
name, nickname.
fc^ilafcn (er fc^Iaft; fd^Iief, gcfd^Iafcn),
to sleep.
ba^ ©c^lafsimmer (-g, -), bedroom.
fc^Iagcn (er fci^Iagt; fd^Iug, gcfd^Iagcn),
to strike, beat; to rout or defeat.
frfjlcd^t, bad, wicked; poor,
((^licfeen (fc^Iofe, gcfd^loffcn), to shut,
close, lock, join, press (to the
heart), conclude.
f(^limm, bad.
fc^Ungen (fc^Iang, gcfd^Iungcn), to
sling, wind, entwine; to swallow,
bcr SrffliifFel (-g, -), key.
fc^mat, narrow.
fd^mcrfcn, to taste, relish, taste
good; eg fc^mcdt mir, I like it.
fc^nattcn, to buckle, snap.
ittfuappcn, to snap, snatch,
bic ©c^nau5C {-, -n), snout, muzzle.
fc^ncibcn (fc^nitt, gefd^nitten), to cut.
ber ©cftttcibcr (-g, -), cutter, tailor.
fd^neten, to snow.
f(^ncH, rapid(ly), swift, quick,
bic Sc^ottc (-, -n), clod, sod;
ground.
f(^on, already.
fd^dn, pretty, beautiful, lovely,
bic ©c^o^jfung (-, -en), creation, for-
mation,
bcr ©(ftratif (-eg, -^c), wardrobe,
cupboard, case, closet,
bcr ©dftrcrf (-g, -c), fright.
fdftrcrflic^, frightful, terrible, awful.
fdftreiBcn (fd^rieb, gefc^rieben), to
write,
bcr ©dfirciibcr (-g, -), writer, scribe,
secretary, clerk, author.
((ftrcictt (fd^rie, gefc^rieen), to cry
(out).
fcftrcitctt (fd^ritt, ift gefd)ritten), to
stride, proceed.
fd^tiftlici^, written, in writing,
bcr 8 c^ir itt (-eg, -e), step, stride,
pace; feincg ©d^ritteg gef)en, to go
his way.
bcr 8(ftu^ (-eg, -e), shoe.
bcr ©c^iui^marficr (-g,-), shoemaker,
cobbler.
fd^utbloi^, guiltless, innocent,
bic ©d^ulc (-, -n), school,
bcr ©(^filler (-g, -), pupil; bic ©d^ii^
Icrin (-, -ncn), (girl) pupil,
bic ©ci^itlersai^l (-, -en), number of
pupils,
bag Bd)nif)an^ (-fcg, ^er), school-
house,
bcr ©eftut^of (-eg, -^c), school yard,
bag ©(^ulfinb (-eg, -er), school
child,
bic ©d^ulftttbc (-, -n), schoolroom.
226
beginners' GERMAN
ha^ Sci^wlsimmer (-8, -), school-
room.
ber 8(fturfc (-n, -n), scoundrel,
rogue, villain.
bie 8(^uffc( (-, -n), dish.
ber ©(^u^ (-e^)/ defense, shelter,
protection, care.
ba^ Sc^u^gcbict (-c6, -e), protec-
torate; colony.
fdjhiodj, weak.
ber Sc^ttJanj (-e^, ^t), tail.
fc^marj, black.
f(ft rtJOrsgrau, black-gray, dark gray.
f(^tt>ctgcn (fd^mieg, Qefd^tDlegen), to
be silent, be quiet, cease (speak-
ing).
id^tOCtf heavy, diflScult, hard, seri-
ous.
bag 8cftttjcrt (-e^, -er), sword.
ba^ Sei^ttjcrtgcflirr (-«), clanking of
swords.
bic Sd^hjcftcr (-, -n), sister.
fcfittjirrcn, to whir, flit, fly.
fc^rtjijren (fd^njur, gefc^moren), to
swear, take oath.
ber Scftnjur {-^, ^e), oath, vow.
fc(f|!^, six; fec^fte, sixth.
ber See M, -n), lake.
bic See (-, -n), sea, ocean.
ber See^anbel (-g), ocean com-
merce.
ber Segen (-«, -), blessing.
feften (er ftef)t; fa^, gefef)en), to see,
look.
bie Se^nfut^t (-), longing.
feftnfiit^tig, longingly.
feftr, very, much, greatly.
fcin (er tft; mar, tft getDefen), to be;
eg finb, there are.
feln, — t, —, his, its; — cr, — c,
— e&; ber, hit, ba« — (i8)e, his.
feit, since, for.
bie <Btitc {-, -n), side, page.
itxttt)dvt^, sideways, on one side.
bic Sefunbe (-, -n), second.
felbbrttt, each with the other two.
felOft, self, myself, yourself, him-
self, itself, etc.; even.
felbftanbtg; independent, separate.
felten, seldom, rare.
fcltfom, strange, curious.
hit ©emmel (-, -n), roll.
fenben (fanbte, gefanbt), to send.
ber Se^jtemBer (-«), September.
ber Seffel (-«, -), seat, chair.
fe^en, to set, seat, put, place.
feufjen, to sigh, groan.
bie (Bt^ta, sixth grade; lowest class
in a German higher school.
fic^ {dat. and ace. of reflexive pro-
nouns)^ himself, herself, itself,
yourself (yourselves), them-
selves; each other; one another.
ftc^er, secure, safe, sure, certain.
flc^ertl, to insure, make sure, guar-
antee.
fteiien, seven; ficbtc (ftcbcnte), sev-
enth.
ber ©iegerfranj (-eg, ■''c), victor's
wreath, garland.
ha^ ©Uber (-g), silver.
fingen (fang, gefungen), to sing.
bag Singeti (-g), singing.
ber Singular • (-g, -c), singular
(number).
fittfen (fanf, ift gefunfen), to sink.
ber Sinn (-eg, -e), sense, mind,
thought, meaning; taste.
ftnnen (fann, gefonnen), to think,
meditate, reflect.
finnloi^, unconscious, thoughtless,
foolish, unmeaning.
VOCABULARY
227
fi^ctt (fa6, ficfcffcn), to sit.
fo, so, thus, such (a); — lattfic oI«,
as long as.
fofort, immediately; at once.
fogat, even.
fogenannt, so called.
fogteic^, see fofort.
bcr ©oftn (-c«, ^c), son.
fold^ (— er, — c, — i«), such; — - cincr,
such a.
bcr ©olbat (-en, -en), soldier.
fotten, to owe, be obliged or bound
in duty; to be or have to; (as
aw^.), shall, should, ought, must;
n)a« foil \>a^ fein? {lit., what
shall that be), what do you
mean b}?^ that?
fomit, consequently, accordingly,
then.
bcr ©ommer {-^, -), summer.
bic ©ommcrfcrtcn (pL), summer va-
cation, holidays.
bic ©ommcri^t^c (-, -n), summer
heat.
bcr (Bommetmonai (-(c)«, -c), sum-
mer month.
bic ©ommcrsctt {-, -tn), summer-
tinae.
fotibctn, but.
bcr Bmnahtnh {-^, -t), Saturday.
bic Sonne (-, -n), sun.
bcr ©onnenfd^ein (-«), sunshine
(light).
bcr ©onncnftra^l (-«, -en), ray
(beam) of the sun.
bcr ©onntag (-^, -e), Sunday.
fonft, else, otherwise, besides,
moreover, formerly.
bic Bov^t (-, -n), sorrow, care,
anxiety, trouble.
forgcnfrei, free from care.
fotitel, so or as much.
foUJO^il . . . al^ audi, as well ... as.
@)iamen (-^; neut.), Spain.
bcr <Bpanitv (-^, -), Spaniard.
ipan^dj, Spanish.
f^annen, to span, stretch, cock (a
gun).
ipat, late.
f^asicren or — ficl^cn, to go walking.
bcr ©^asterritt (-c^, -e), ride on
horseback.
f^etfen, to eat.
ba^ Bpitl (-^, -e), play, game.
f^ielen, to play.
bcr Bpxdpia^ {-t^, ^t), playground.
ha^ ©^ielnjarcngefdftdft (-«, -c), toy
shop.
f^ji^, pointed, sharp.
bic Bpta^t {-, -n), speech, lan-
guage; frentbc — , foreign lan-
guage.
f|>rcci^en (cr fprtd^t; fprad^, gcfprod^cn),
to speak, talk, say.
bag <Bptidit!DOti (-e^, -^cr), saying,
proverb.
f^rtngcn (f prang, ift gcfprungcn), to
spring, leap; to break.
bcr S^ntd^ (-c6, -"-c), saying, maxim.
f^itren, to trace, track, perceive.
bcr Btaai (-e«, -en), state, country;
bic ^ScrcintQtcn ©taatcn. United
States.
bcr ©taati8ftau)gftatt (-eg, -e), finance,
administration of revenue, bud-
get.
bcr <Btah (-eg, -^c), staff, stick.
bic 6tabt (-, -"^c), town, city.
ber <Biamxn (-eg, -^c), stem, trunk;
family, race.
ftammen, to be descended, sprung,
derived (from).
228
BEGINNERS GERMAN
bcr Stanb (-c§, -^c), position; in ben
— fcljen, to enable.
bic Stange (-, -n), pole, rod, bar,
stick.
jtavt, strong, stout.
\tati (gen.), instead of.
ftc(^en (er ftid^t; ftad^, gcftod^en), to
stick, pierce, sting.
ftcrfcn, to stick, put, place.
ber Stcrfnabclfopf (-eg, ^c), pin-
head.
bcr (Steg (-e^, -c), footplank,
bridge, path.
ftc^cn (ftanb, geftanben), to stand,
be situated, be, stop.
ftcl^len (cr ftiel^tt; ftaf)I, geftoWcn), to
steal.
ftcigcn (ftieg, ift gcfticgen), to mount,
ascend.
ftci(, steep.
ber ©tein (-e6, -e), stone.
ftcinig, stony, rocky.
bic Stelle (-, -n), place, position,
situation.
fteffcn, to place, put, set.
bic Stcttung (-, -en), placing, posi-
tion, posture.
fterben (er ftirbt; ftarb, ift gcftorbcn),
to die.
ftct^, steadily, continually, always.
fttff ( — e), still, silent, quiet.
bie Stimme (-, -n), voice.
ber Stocf (-e^, -^e), stick, cane.
ber (Storf (-e^), story {of a house).
ha^ BtodtDttt (-e^, -e), story, floor.
fto(5, proud.
ber 8tol5 (-e8), pride.
ber Stranb (-eg, -e), strand, beach,
seacoast.
hk (Straftc (-, -n), street.
ftrefien, to strive, struggle.
bic ©trcrfe (~, -n), stretch, extent,
distance, extension.
ftrct(^ett (ftric^, geftrid^en), to stroke,
spread, strike, cancel,
bcr ©trcit (-eg, -e or — igfeiten),
strife, dispute, quarrel, conflict.
ftretten (ftritt, geftrttten), to fight,
quarrel, dispute,
ber Strom (-g, -^c), stream, river,
bic Strophe (-, -n), stanza,
bcr <Btxnmpf (-eg, -^c), stocking,
sock,
bic ©tube (-, -n), room,
bag Stiirf (-eg, -e), piece,
ber ©tubcnt (-en, -en), student.
ftubicrcn, to study,
bag Stubtum (-g, bie ©tubicn),
study,
ber Stuftl (-eg, -^c), chair, stool,
ftumpf, stumpy, blunt, dull.
bic Stunbc (-, -n), hour, period;
recitation.
hit ©ttbtraftion (-, -en), subtrac-
tion.
fud^en, to seek, search (for),
ber ©iibcn (-g). South.
fitblicJ^, south, southern.
bit ©iibfce (-), South Sea; (BVih\tt^
gebiet, see ©ebiet.
hit 8«mmc (-, -n), sum.
bcr Siinbcr (-g, -), sinner, culprit;
armer — , condemned criminal,
bic Sup^c (-, -n), soup, broth;
(Suppcnlpffel, see !2dffel.
fiifjf, sweet.
bie XaUl {-, -n), table, board;
iEBanbtafel, blackboard,
bcr Xaq (-eg, -e), day.
tagtid^, daily, every dav.
VOCABULARY
229
bcr XaUx H, -), German coin, 3
marks.
bcr Xatttttnhanm (-eg, ^e), fir-tree.
bit Xantt (r, -n), aunt.
bit Xa^d^c {-, -n), pocket.
ba^ Xajd^tnttt^ (-eg, -^cr), hand-
kerchief.
bie ^afrfienuiftr (-, -en), watch.
bie Xa^U (-/ -T^)f cup.
bie Xat (-, -en), deed, act, action.
tdtXQ, active.
tccftniftft, technical.
ber (ba^) Xtxl (-g, -e), part, share;
sum grdfeten 2:eile, for the most
part.
bit XtUnatftat (-), participation,
share, sympathy, interest, co-
operation.
ber XtUtv H, -), plate.
teucr, dear, costly, beloved.
ber Xiivon (-g, -e(n)), throne.
tief, deep, far.
ba^ Xxtx (-§, -e), animal.
bie ^ierfafiel (-, -n), animal fable.
bit Xintt {-, -n), ink.
ber ^if^ (-eg, -e), table.
ber ^ifcftler (-§, -), joiner, cabinet-
maker.
ba^ Sifc^tut^- (-eg, -^er), table-cloth.
ber Xritl (-g, -), title.
bie ^ot^ter (-, ■«•), daughter.
bie Xo^itx\<!i)Vi\t {-, -n), school for
girls.
ber Xob (-eg), death.
toH, mad, absurd.
ber $tor (-en, -en), fool.
ber Xxah (-eg, -e), trot.
trdge, lazy.
tragen (er trftgt; trug, getragen), to
bear, carry; to endure, suffer.
trotttig, sad, sorrowful.
traut, clear; beloved, intimate.
bie ^re^^e (-, -n), stairs, staircase,
flight of stairs.
tretcn (er tritt; trat, ^at or ift getre*
ten), to tread, walk, step.
tre«, faithful, true, sincere, loyal,
good.
bit Xtmt (-), fidelity, loyalty.
trinfett (tranf, getrunfcn), to drink.
trorfcn, to dry.
iro^fcn, to drop.
ber Xtf>p\tn (-g, -), drop.
ber Xw\t (-eg), comfort, solace.
tro^ (gen,), in spite of, despite, not-
withstanding, although.
ivo^btm, although, notwithstand-
ing.
ber Xtnic^ (-eg), boldness, defiance;
<S(^ul5 unb — , defense and of-
fense.
bag Xntfi (-c«, -^er), cloth.
bit XuQcnh (-, -en), virtue.
tutt (er tut; tat, getan), to do, per-
form, make; eg tut nxir leib, I am
sorry.
bit Xnv (-, -en), door.
turtten, to do gymnastics.
bag Xntntn (-g), gymnastics.
U
iibcl, evil, bad.
ttl^en, exercise, practise, drill.
uhtt (dat. or ace), over, above,
higher than, across, on account
of; about, by way of.
itberaU, all over, everywhere.
itl^erlbnngen (ilberbrad^te, iiberbrad^t),
to bring to or over, deliver.
iificrgcbcn (er ilbergibt; ilbergab, iibcr*
geben), to give over, surrender.
itbermorgen, day after to-morrow.
230
beginners' GERMAN
iilberteic^ett, to hand or reach over,
present.
uftcrfcctfc^, transoceanic, across
the ocean.
ii'bcrfc^cn {aux. fein and Fiaben), to
leap over, cross over (a river,
etc.).
iibcrfc'^cn, to translate.
iibcriibcrmorgen, the day after the
day after to-morrow; three days
hence.
iibertoalttgcn, to overcome, over-
power, subdue.
iibcrtoinbcn (iibcrmanb, ilbertuunben),
to overcome, conquer, sur-
mount.
ixbxx^f left over, remaining, super-
fluous.
bic Uftr (-, -€n), timepiece, clock,
watch; time of day.
bcr U^rmad^cr {-%, -), clock (watch)
maker.
bic m^rmod^crci (-, -en), clock
(watch) shop.
urn {ace), around, about, near,
concerning, over, past; for, in
order to.
ttmbrtngctt (brac^tc urn, umgebrad^t),
to bring to death; eincn urn tiXQd^
— , to cause one to lose some-
thing, take away something
from one.
umgel^cn (giiiQ um, ift umgcQangen),
to associate with.
um^crltcgcn (lag um{)er, um^iergcle*
gen), to lie around, about.
umfcl^rctt {aux. fein and l)aben), to
turn around or about.
ber UmMkg {-^, -"-e), turning up
or over; sudden change, turn;
cover; envelope.
umf^JontiCtt, to stretch around, en-
circle.
unab^dngtg, independent.
unaMdffig, incessant (ly).
unaufmcrffom, inattentive.
unbefannt, unknown, ignorant, un-
acquainted.
unb, and.
itnbeutlid^, indistinct, obscure, con-
fused.
uneben, uneven, rough; unsuit-
able.
bie Uneinigfett (-, -en), discord, dis-
sension.
uneitii^, disunited, at variance.
uncnblid^, endless.
Ungarn (-«; neut.), Hungary.
ungefd^r, approximate, about, al-
most, near.
ungenau, inexact, inaccurate.
ungcrabc, not straight, not even;
odd.
ungliirffclig, unhappy, unfortunate.
bie Union (-, -en), the Union,
United States.
bie Unitjerfitdt (-, -en), university;
auf ber — , at the university.
unmittelbar, immediate, direct.
unrcc^t, not right, wrong.
bie Unfd^ulb (-), innocence, purity.
unft^ulbtg, innocent, guiltless.
unfcr {gen.ofXQ\x),oi us; — , — (e)re,
— , (ber, W, bag) — e or — ige,
our, ours.
untdttg, inactive.
unten, below, beneath, underneath,
downstairs.
untcr {dat. or ace), under (neath),
below, among.
bie Untcr fialtung (-, -en), conversa-
tion, entertainment.
VOCABULARY
231
Uc llntttixppc (-, -n), under or
lower lip.
unternci^men (cr untcmtntmt; untcr*
nat)m, unternommcn), to under-
take, attempt.
ha^ Untcrpf anb (-c^, -^er), pledge,
security.
bit Untcr^rimo, lower first (grade) ;
the next highest year in a Ger-
man higher school.
untcrric^'tcn, to teach, instruct.
bcr Untcrf(^icb (-«, -c), distinction,
difference.
bic Unterfcfunba, lower second
(grade) ; the sixth year in a Ger-
man higher school.
un'tctfte^cn (ftanb unter, untergcftan*
ben), to stand under.
untcrfte'i^en, to be under (one's
command).
Utttcrftcttcn, to put, place under,
put under cover or shelter.
untcrftii'^cn, to support, prop, sus-
tain; to second (a motion).
bic Untcrftii^ung (-, -en), propping,
support, assistance.
btc Untcrtertia, the lower third
(grade); the fourth year of a
German higher school.
ber Untierftanb (-e^), lack of under-
standing or judgment; folly.
unttJOi^l, unwell, indisposed.
ttfft). (unb fo toelter), and so forth.
ber fSatet (-«, ^), father.
ha^ JBatcrknb (-^, -^er), fatherland,
native country; Germany,
bic JBcranlaffung (-, -en), cause,
occasion, motive.
\)txathttttn, to work up, manufac-
ture, digest.
Ucrbeffcrn, to render better, correct,
improve.
t)txhinbcn (toerbanb, Derbunbcn), to
bind, unite, join.
t)erbletben (derblieb, ift berbllcbcn),
to remain, persist.
bic SJcrbrcitung (-, -en), propaga-
tion, circulation, spreading.
tierbtenen, to earn, gain, merit, de-
serve.
ba^ (ber) JBcrbienft (-e^, -e), gain,
profit, merit; — unt, service to.
l^erbrangen, to crowd out, displace,
supplant.
tocrbriefiUc^, vexed, cross.
Jjcrcittigt, united; ^erelnigtc 2)taa^
ten. United States.
ber HBcrfall (-«), decay, decline, de-
terioration.
berfaffung^gcmdff, according to the
laws, constitutional.
bic JBergangcn^cit (-, -en), past.
ijcrgcblic^, in vain.
bcrgeffcn (er t)ergi6t; tierga^, bergef^
fen), to forget.
tJcrgleic^cti (berglid^, bergttc^cn), to
make equal or even, adjust;
to compare.
ba^ f8txfidUm§ (-ffe6, -ffc), relation,
condition, circumstances.
ticri^ciftungi^tJoH, promising.
ucrfaufcn, to sell.
bcr fSttltflv (-§), traffic, inter-
course, communication, com-
merce.
bic fStxtcfix^ht^itfiunq (-, -en), com-
mercial relations.
ber fStxlttfX^^abtn (-«, ■^), thread of
communication or commerce.
232
beginners' GERMAN
see i8erfef)r6be3ie()ung, commer-
cial condition.
tJcrflagen, to accuse, bring action
against, sue.
ijcrraffen (cr toerlcifet; tjerliefe, berlaf*
fen), to leave (behind), forsake,
abandon.
tier Iter en (derlor, berloren), to lose.
bcr 85eduft (-e^, -e), loss, damage,
injury, waste.
bermeint, supposed, imaginary.
ijcrmiffcn, to miss.
tJcrne^men (er t)emimmt; \)tvna^m,
Dernommen), to hear, perceive.
tJcrfaumen, to neglect, miss.
tJerfd^icben, different.
kicrfc^Ungcn (berfd^Iang, bcrfc^Iungen),
to twine, gulp down, swallow.
t^crfc^njinben (berfc^toanb, ift ber*
fd^lDunben), to disappear, vanish.
tjcrfparen, to spare, save.
bie 25erfprc(^ung (-, -en), promise.
tierftccfctt, to hide, conceal.
toerftc^cn (oerftanb, Derftanbcn), to
understand.
Uerfuc^cn, to attempt, try.
Ucrtcilcn, to divide, distribute, ar-
range, apportion.
tJcrtUgcti; to destroy, exterminate.
Uertreten (er tocrtritt; t)crtrat, ftertre*
ten), to stand in place of another,
represent.
ber ISBertretcr (-«, -), representa-
tive.
ber fStttoanhtc {-n, -n; ein — ^r),
related one, relative.
bcr fStxtvtqtnt {-n, -n; tin — ^r), pre-
sumptuous, insolent, saucy fel-
low.
htttonnhcti, surprised, astonished.
tjcraeilften (bcrgtelf)/ bersiel)en), to par-
don.
bie fStt^cxijunq (-), pardon.
ein ^tto einlegen, to veto (a bill).
t)icl (me^r, meift), much, many.
biclbeoc^tct, much respected, highly
regarded, much heeded.
t)ielfa(^, manifold, often.
t)itimal{§), often, many times, fre-
quently.
kiicr, four; toierte, fourth.
t)icrerfig, four cornered, square,
rectangular.
bie 8!^iertclftunbe (-, -n), a quarter
of an hour.
ber ISBogcl (-^, ^), bird.
ba^ fSolt (-c§, -"-er), people, nation,
race.
bie fS'olftVQXd^c (-, -n), size or great-
ness of nations or racej.
bie SBoWcrhjanberung (-, -en), mi-
gration of peoples.
bie f8olU^d)viU (-, -n), primary or
common school.
ha^ fSolUtnm (-^, -^er), nationality.
t)otl, full (of).
tjolfenben, to complete, finish.
tooQenb^, entirely, completely.
t)om = t)on bent.
toon (dat.), of, from, by, in, on,
upon, concerning.
tJOr {dat. and ace), before, formerly,
in front of, in presence of, on ac-
count of, with, from, against; ago.
Doran, before, on, onwards, at the
head, foremost, ahead.
tjoraui^rcnnen (rannte t)orau«, ift bor*
auggerannt), to run ahead, in
advance.
tjorBcrctten, to prepare, get ready
beforehand.
VOCABULARY
233
k»or6Ubcn, to foreshadow, represent;
to give a preparatory education,
educate.
bic JBorbilbung (-, -en), prepara-
tion.
bcr JBorbcrgrunb (-e^, *c), fore-
ground, front.
blc ©orbcrtafcl (-, -n), front tablet.
tiotgeftcrn, day before yesterday.
t>otiQ, former, preceding.
tiorfommcn {tarn bor, tft t)orgcfoTn*
nten), to come forth, appear,
happen.
toorlcgcn, to lay before, display.
bic fSotit^nnq {-, -en), reading
aloud, lecture.
ber JBormittag (-e^, -e), forenoon.
tJornc^imen (cr nimmt t)or; nal^m t)or,
borgenommen), to take before,
take in hand, undertake.
bic !S8Drfrf|uk (-, -n), preparatory or
elementary school.
ber S5orfi^ (-eg), presidency.
tiorfprerfien (er fpric^t dor; fprad^ t)or,
Dorgefprod^en), to pronounce to
or for (one), teach one how to
pronounce.
toortragen (er tragt dor; trug dor, dor-
QCtragen), to carry or bring be-
fore, lecture (on), deliver (a
speech).
bag S^orurteil (-g, -e), prejudice.
bortiorgeftern, the day before the
day before yesterday; three days
ago.
toad^ttt, to watch, sit up; to awake.
toac^fam, watchful, vigilant.
toat^fen (er tuad^ft; toud^g, ift getoad^*
fen), to wax, grow.
bk ^ad\t (-, -en), watch, guard,
ber SBagen (-g, -), vehicle, wagon,
carriage,
bic SSa^l (-, -en), choice, selection,
election; bet jcbcr — , at each elec-
tion.
iDa^Ien, to choose, elect.
toatiXf true, genuine, real,
toa^renb {gen.)^ during; during the
time that, whilst,
ber SBttlb (-eg, -er; dim. hoi^ SSiilb*
d^en), wood, forest.
toalten, to dispose, govern, rule,
bic SBanb (-, -^c), wall,
ber SSanberer (-g, -), traveler, pil-
grim.
hjanbern {aux. fein), to wander,
roam, travel,
bic SBanbcrfd^aft (-, -en), traveling,
pilgrimage,
bcr SSanbeti^mann {-{t)^, -Icute),
wanderer, traveler,
ber SSanbertrieb (-g, -e), impulse
(inclination) to wander,
bic aSanbfarte (-, -n), wall map
or chart,
bte SSanbtafel (-, -n), blackboard,
bic SSanbul^r (-, -en), wall clock.
toann, when; fett — ? since when?
how long ?
bag SBarenlagcr (-g^ -), warehouse,
storehouse.
toatva, warm.
toarten, to wait; — auf (occ), to
wait for.
toarum, why.
toa^, what; that which; why; see
etloag; — filr cin, what kind (sort
of).
toafd^cti (er toSfd^t; toufd^, gctDofd^cn)^
to wash.
234
beginners' GERMAN
ha^ SBaffer (-4, -), water.
tntMn, to wag.
bcr SScg (-e^, -t), way, road, route;
manner; passage; distance.
WCQCn {with preceding or following
gen.), because of, on account of,
for the sake of, for, respecting,
with regard to.
bag SSc^ (-eg, -e or -en), woe; pain,
misery; agony of longing.
toc^ren, to prevent, oppose; fid^ — ,
to defend one's self, resist.
Xot\(ii, soft, tender, delicate, smooth,
bic SSctfinad^tctt (pi.), Christmas,
ber SBet^nod^ti^matin (-eg), Santa
Claus.
bie SSei^nacftt^sci^ (~)/ Christmas
time.
totxi, because, since, while.
'tilt SScilc (-, -n), a while, time;
leisure,
ber SBcin (-eg, -e), wine, vine,
tticifc, wise, cunning, prudent,
bic SScifc (-, -n), way, manner,
style.
hjeifen (toicg, gemiefcn), to show,
point, direct,
njcift, white.
njctt, wide, broad, large, far, dis-
tant.
njetterge^cn (ging toelter, tft meltcr*
gegangen), to go further,
ber SBctsen (-g), wheat.
ttjeldft, which, what; — er, — c, — eg,
which, what, who.
bic SSctte (-, -n), wave,
bic SSclt (-, -en), world.
hit SSettftonbeli^mael^t (-, --^c), power
of world-commerce,
bic SBctoirtft^aft (-, -en), inter-
national commerce.
toenbcn (manbtc, genjanbt), to turn
(over, around, about), change.
Uiemg, little, not much, few.
toenn, when, if, whenever.
hjcnnglcic^, as if, though, although.
hjer, who, he who.
tticrben (er h)irb; tourbc [toarb], ift gc*
tDorben), to become, grow, be.
Ujcrfen (er mirft; marf, 9en)orfen), to
throw.
bag SSerf (-eg, -c), work, produc-
tion, deed.
ber SScrfeltag, see SBerftag.
bic SScrfftattc (-, -n), workshop.
ber SBerftag (-eg, -e), working-day,
week-day.
ber SScrt (-eg, -e), worth, value.
hjcffen {gen. of toer), of whom,
whose.
toCi^tocgen, wherefore, on account
of which.
ber SSeften (-g), the West.
toetten, to bet, wager; barauf — , to
bet on it.
bag SSettcr (-g, -), weather, storm.
toid^tig, weighty, important.
bie 2St(i^tigfeit (-, -en), weight, im-
portance, matter of importance.
ber SSibcr^aff (-g, -e), echo.
tote, how, as, like, when; fo fd^on — ,
as beautiful as.
totcbcr, again.
totc'bcrftolen, to bring back.
toicbcrifeolen, to repeat.
toicberfc^retben (fd^rieb h)iebcr, n)ie*
bergefd^rieben), to write again.
totcberfei^ett (er fte^t mieber; fa^ tDie*
bcr, n)tebergefe]^en), to see again;
ouf SSiebcrfel^en! until we see
each other again! good-by!
totcberum, again; on the other hand.
VOCABULARY
235
SStcn (-6; neut.), Vienna.
bic SSicfc {-, -n)f meadow.
tDtebiel, how many.
toilb, wild.
bcr SSinb (-e«, -c), wind.
toinfcin, to whine, whimper.
ber SSintcr {-^, -), winter.
ber SSi^fcl H, -), (tree) top.
Jtiirfcn, to work, effect, produce,
operate.
hJirfUc^, actual, real.
ber SStrt (-c^, -e), host, innkeeper.
bic SSirtfc^aft (-, -en), economics,
husbandry; inn-keeping, inn.
h)irtf(l^aftlt(^, economic (al), belong-
ing to economics or to a house-
hold; agricultural.
ha^ SSirtfc^apintcrcffc (-«, -n),
farming interest, economic in-
terest.
bcr SSifd^cr (-«, -), wiper, black-
board-eraser.
toiffcn (er h)ei6; n)u6te, 9en3u6t), to
know; er toufetc fic§ nic^t p ^elfen,
he did not know how to help
himself, what to do.
bic SSiffenft^aft (-, -en), science.
too, where, in, on, at which, when.
bic SBorffc (-, -n), week.
tt)i)(ftentlt(^, weekly.
bic SSogc (-, -n), wave, billow.
ber f5^0QcnptaU (-^), rebound of
waves.
toolset, whence, how.
tooi^ilt, whither, to what place,
where.
tool^l, well; indeed, of course; per-
haps, probably, undoubtedly.
toofiitdixQf beneficent, benevolent,
charitable.
tX}ofinttt, to dwell, reside, live.
bcr SBol^n^k^ (-t^, -^e), dwelling-
place, town.
bcr SBoftnfi^ (-c^, -c), residence,
dwelling-place.
ba^ SSoi^nsimmcr M, -), living-
room.
bic fS^oltt (-, -n), cloud.
tooUen, to wish, will, be willing; to
desire, like, want, intend.
toomtt, wherewith, with which
(what).
hit SBonnc (-, -n), joy, rapture, bliss.
tooratl, for (in) which.
ha^ SSort (-c6), word; pL -t, con-
nected words; -"-er {as SSortcr*
buc^), disconnected words.
bic SBortfoIge (-, -n), order of
words.
tooriibcr, whereat, whereof, at,
over, upon what (which).
tootion, whereof, of or concerning
which (what).
ba^ SSunbct (-^, -), wonder, aston-
ishment, miracle.
tounberbar, wonderful, astonishing,
marvelous.
tounberlic^, strange, odd.
tounberfam, wonderful.
hjunbertjott, wonderful.
tom\<i)tn, to wish, desire.
bic SBiitbc (-, -n), dignity, honor,
majesty, oflSce.
ber SSurf (-e^, -^c), throw, cast.
bic SBurscl (-, -n), root.
8
bic 3<JW (-/ -^tt), number, figure,
jo^tcn, to count, number.
ja^lcn, to pay; bar — , to pay cash,
ber 3tti^n {-^, -^c), tooth.
236
beginners' GERMAN
bag Safintvtfi (-«, -c or -en), tooth-
ache.
ha^ Santtn {-^), quarreling.
5. f8,=ium ^eifpiel, see 58eifpicl.
gc^n, ten; it^ntt, tenth.
5ci(^nen, to mark, draw, sketch.
ba^ Scicftncn {-^), drawing.
5Ctgcn, to show, point out.
ber S^tgcr (-g, -), pointer, hand.
bie 3ciic (-/ -i^)f line.
bie 3ctt (-, -en), time.
bag Scit (-e^, -c), tent, vault of
heaven.
Scrbciftcn (^erblfe, gcrbiffen), to
crunch, break with the teeth,
bite.
jcrbrcdjcn (cr gcrbrtd^t; gerbrad^, ger*
brod^cn), to break to pieces.
jcrfattcn (er gcrfallt; serftel, ift gerfal-
len), to fall to pieces, fall into
parts or branches.
Scrfrfjcttcn {aux. fein), to go to
pieces; to be wrecked.
jcrfc^ncibcu (ger[(^Tiitt, gerfd^nttten),
to cut into pieces, cut up.
Seugcn, to testify, bear witness.
ha^ S^nqni^ Hfeg, -ffe), certificate,
testimonial.
5te^cn (gog, gesogen; aux. l^aben and
\dn), to draw, pull; to move,
extend.
5tcmlic^, tolerable, rather.
hk S^^^C^^) (-/ -(s)^)f ornament,
decoration.
Sicren, to ornament, decorate.
ba^ Simmer M, -), room.
ber 3oi^n (-g), anger.
5ormg, angry.
gu (dat.), to, on, by, for, at; —
gu6, on foot; — $ferb, on horse-
back; — ■^aufe, at home.
5U, too.
jutfen, to jerk, start, flash, quiver.
ber 3«rf^J^ M)/ sugar.
juerft, at first, firstly.
ber 3w9 (-^g, -^e), pull, march; pas-
sage; train.
gugefien (ging ju, ift gugegaitgen), to
go up to; to take place; auf ben
5lbenb — , to be going on towards
evening.
bie 3«Jitttft {-), future.
Sulaff en (cr lagt gu; liefe gu, augelaffen),
to leave closed; to admit.
Sum=gu bem; — ®out)erneur ma^Icn,
to elect governor; — genfter fiin*
augfe()en, to look out of the win-
dow.
jnmad^en, to close.
gunci^men (cr nimmt gu; nalim gu, gu*
genommen), to take in addition,
increase.
hk S^M^ (-/ -'^)f tongue.
5ur=gu ber.
Siirnen, to be angry (ilber, urn,
about, at, with).
guriidf, back, backwards.
guriirffiii^ren, to lead back; — auf,
to trace back to.
guriirfgcften (ging guriirf, ift guriidfgc*
gangen), to go back, return.
guriirf^affen, to echo back, re-
sound.
guriirffommen (tarn suriidf, ift gurtidf^
gefommcn), to come back, re-
turn.
guriirfreiten (ritt guriid, ift guriidfge*
ritten), to ride back (on horse).
guriirffc^trfen, to send back.
guriitffenben (fanbte guriidf, gurUdge*
fanbt), to send back.
gwfommcn, together.
VOCABULARY
^2>1
3«fammcn6tttbcti (banb gufommcn,
gufamtncnGebunbcn), to bind to-
gether.
Sufammen^altcn (cr l^iilt gufanxTncn;
f)ielt suf ammen, gufamntcngejalten),
to hold together.
jufammcttfommctt (fam gufammcn,
fie finb aufammengefommcn), to
come together, meet, assem-
ble.
5ttfte^ctt (ftanb ju, jufieftanben)
(einctn), to belong to, be the
duty of; to be closed.
jtttocnben (manbte gu, gugchjanbt), to
turn towards.
^mXf in truth, indeed, of course,
to be sure.
Shjci, two; jtDcttc, second.
bcr 3^ctg (-(c)^, -c), branch.
5tt)tf(i|cn {dat. and acc.)^ between,
among.
imif, twelve; gtoolftc, twelfth.
The Walter-Krause German Series
First German Reader
By Dr. Max Walter, Director of the Musterschule, Frank-
fort-on-Main, and Dr. CARL A. KRAUSE, Head of the
Department of Modern Languages in Jamaica High
School, New York City, and Lecturer in New York
University.
Price 90 cents
This is based, like the "BEGINNERS' GERMAN," upon
the direct method skilfully worked out to meet the needs
of American schools. It contains fifty selections for read-
ing, with illustrations and accompanying questions and
material for drill, carefully graded so as to develop the stu-
dent's vocabulary and to assist him in obtaining a mastery
of the language. Following these are fifteen additional
selections of a more general character for supplementary
reading, after which are included a number of well-known
German songs with music, an abstract of German gram-
mar in German, complete grammatical tables, and a full
vocabulary. The book is made more attractive and useful
by twelve full-page illustrations and a map of Germany.
Some noteworthy features of the FIRST GERMAN
READER are:
1 . Its plan is simple and the material is carefully graded to meet the
needs of the average class-room.
2. Direct drill for oral and written work accompanies each of the reading
exercises.
3. The building up of a working vocabulary is emphasized systematically.
4. A true German atmosphere is maintained throughout the book.
5. It stimulates the pupil's interest and develops real reading ability.
The FIRST GERMAN READER will, therefore, at-
tract the attention of truly progressive teachers of German
in America.
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON
The Walter-Krause German Series
Beginners^ German
By Dr. Max Walter, Director of the Musterschule, Frank-
fort-on-Main, and Dr. CARL A. KRAUSE, Head of the
Department of Modern Languages in Jamaica High
School, New York City, and Lecturer in New York
University.
Price $1.00
This is the basic book of the Walter-Krause German
Series. It contains forty-six carefully developed lessons, fol-
lowed by selections for reading, passages of connected
English prose for composition work, the essentials of Ger-
man grammar, a group of the best-known German songs
with music, a full vocabulary, and a map of Germany.
This book embodies the best features of the direct
methody which has made Dr. Walter famous, skilfully
worked out to fit the needs of American schools. It is
noteworthy in these respects :
\. Oral work is insisted on from the outset.
2. After the preliminary lessons, reading is made the centre of instruction.
3. Drill in writing German accompanies the oral work and the reading
exercises.
4. Grammar is taught inductively.
5. The building up of a working vocabulary is emphasized systematically.
6. A German atmosphere is carefully maintained throughout the book.
Five hundred and more German teachers representing
the best teaching of German in America have by test found
this inspiring book the most useful text-book for beginners.
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON
Short Stories for Oral French
By Miss ANNA WOODS BALLARD, Instructor in
French in Teachers College, Columbia University.
Price 75 cents
Teachers who are looking for material to use in
teaching oral French will be interested in this little book.
It consists of 63 short stories or anecdotes carefully
graded and provided with questions and exercises to
assist the teacher in drilling the pupil on the spoken
language. Verb lists and a vocabulary complete the
book. The requirement of oral drill which has recently
been added to the school programme in various parts of
the country makes this book especially timely.
Soon to Appear
BEGINNERS' FRENCH, by MAX WALTER. Di-
rector of the Musterschule, Frankfort-on-Main, and
Miss Anna Woods Ballard, Instructor in French in
Teachers College, Columbia University.
This will be the basic book of the Walter-Ballard
French series. It will consist of carefully graded les-
sons, selections for reading, exercises for drill work on
grammar and idiom, and a vocabulary. It will be based
on the direct method, of which Dr. Walter is so distin-
guished an exponent.
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON
STAMPED I
■ THE LAST DATE
iELOW
OF 25 CENTS
-AILURE TO RETURN
DUE. THE PENALTY
<)TS ON THE FOURTH
THE SEVENTH DAY
AN INITIAL FINE
WILL BE ASSESSED FOR F
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE
WILL INCREASE TO SO CEt
DAY AND TO $1.00 ON
OVERDUE.
SEP 23 1932
nm ^ '-'
n
^^^^^
VifH ^^ ^^''
gtp 141936
LD 21-20m-6,'32
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