LIBRARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.
GIFT OK
Received , igo
Accession No. ff l5~ Class No.
THE BEGINNER'S
GREEK COMPOSITION
BASED MAINLY UPON XENOPHON'S
ANABASIS, BOOK I
WILLIAM C. COLLAR
AND
M. GRANT DANIELL
BOSTON, U.S.A.
GINN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS
1894
COPYRIGHT, 1893
BY WILLIAM C. COLLAR AND M. GRANT DANIELL
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
5
Ci
PREFACE.
COLLEGE admission requirements in writing
Greek practically determine the scope and fix
the aim of instruction in the schools. Though
these requirements vary in degree, they point
to the same end power and knowledge of the
language sufficient for translating easy narrative
or address into Attic Greek. So far as amount
of acquisition can be approximately measured,
nothing could be more reasonable and just.
By working consciously and definitely toward
that goal by the best method, the learner is
sure to derive the highest benefit that the study
can yield.
But what is the best method, or at least, a
good method ? It is now pretty generally ad-
IV PREFACE.
mitted that it is'not one that divides and divorces
writing from reading. Assuming that the
learner has a good mastery of inflections and
such knowledge of simple constructions as is
ordinarily acquired in the first year's study, the
basis of exercises for beginners should be a
Greek text that he has read and studied with
care. In this way the learner turns to account
not only all that he has consciously acquired,
but what, on the whole, is of greater import-
ance, all that he has unconsciously absorbed.
The ipsissima verba, then, of a Greek text
constitute the foundation and the model ; the
ability to translate connected English into
Greek is the goal. The question then arises,
shall practice in writing be applied to and ac-
company a large area of text, or shall it rest in
the elementary stage upon a limited portion of
an author ? The editors, as will be seen, have
chosen the latter alternative, and have based
PREFACE. V
the main part of the exercises upon the first
book of Xenophon's Anabasis.
The method assumes of necessity, and this is
conceived to be one of its chief recommend-
ations, great familiarity with the original. Such
a ready command of the Greek original can
neither be required nor expected of more than
a limited amount of text. Nor is it essential.
Not all of the seven books of Xenophon's
Anabasis, for example, afford illustrations of
every Greek construction ; but any one book
furnishes more than most students master.
The case is not the same as in Latin, where
a much wider and more various reading pre-
cedes and accompanies Latin Composition.
Another consideration carries with it great
weight. Since the power of the student, at the
end of his preparatory course, to translate con-
nected English of some complexity into Greek
is the measure and test, on one side, of his
VI PREFACE.
grasp of the language, it should obviously be
greatly to his advantage to be practised from
the beginning in dealing with simple, but still
continuous English.
This principle of continuity in the exercises,
so seemingly necessary, if the student is to catch
the essential spirit and style of the Greek, is
the distinguishing characteristic of this book.
In no part and in no single exercise are the
sentences detached and unrelated. The sen-
tences for oral translation, though short, simple,
and for convenience, numbered, substantially
repeat in altered form, the story of the original.
Finally the young learner must be launched
upon waters less familiar and cease to hug a
known coast. In other words from reproduc-
ing, in a sense, an original that he has seen, he
must reproduce an original that he has not
seen. The transition would, as yet, be too
abrupt to passages based on no Greek text.
PREFACE. Vii
The style and vocabulary should not be quite
unlike what he has become familiar with. Ac-
cordingly the book concludes with longer Eng-
lish passages, which are largely translations
from different works of Xenophon, and include .
a few recent Harvard entrance examination
papers, with here and there a note.
It is hoped that many teachers will welcome
the brief notes appended to each exercise call-
ing attention to correspondences and differences
between Latin and Greek. Here is a consider-
able body of material for comparison of words,
idioms, and constructions in the two languages.
The editors have learned, in their experience,
to appreciate the value of such comparative
study. They find that it aids the memory in
the acquisition of both languages, cultivates
habits of observation and reflection, and there-
by adds zest to study. These notes are perhaps
sufficient by way of stimulus and suggestion,
Vlll PREFACE.
and they are offered in the confident expecta-
tion that they will not only prove interesting
and useful in themselves, but will also incite
the learner to original work in the same direc-
tion.
BOSTON, July 28, 1893.
NOTE.
The learner is expected to find in the Greek text
illustrations of the grammatical principles selected
for each exercise. These principles should be
thoroughly mastered, examples of each committed
to memory, and often reviewed. The method of
the book also presumes repeated reviews of the
exercises, both oral and written. Among the refer-
ences to the grammar one will occasionally be
found that does not apply to any sentence in the
immediate lesson. Such references should not,
however, be neglected. They are always illus-
trated in the text on which the exercise is based,
and the application is made in subsequent exer-
cises.
It is recommended that the working over of the
exercises be continued through the whole period
of prose reading in the preparatory course. Thus
the grammatical principles here illustrated will find
daily additional confirmation, and the importance
of carefully noting new words, idioms, and forms
of expression as they occur, will be impressed
upon the mind of the student.
2 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE I.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 1, i, 2.
The grammatical references are to the grammars of Goodwin,
revised edition, and Hadley-Allen (H.).
a. Historical Present. 1252 ; H. 828.
b. Article for Possessive. 949 ; H. 658.
c. Participle with rvyxavu. 1586 ; H. 984.
d. Participle of Attendant Circumstance. 1563,
7 ; H. 968.
In the exercises a superior figure put after a word (e. g. him 3 )
applies to that word alone ; put before a word (e. g. 1 fell),
applies to two or more immediately following.
I. Cyrus was son of Dareios. 2. Dareios 1 fell
sick. 3. Dareios 2 happens to be sick. 4. He
wishes his younger son to be with him. 3 5.
Parysatis, 2 as it happened, was with him. 6. He
4 sent for Cyrus. 7. Accordingly Cyrus came
up from his 5 province. 8. Then 6 both his sons
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 3
were with him. 9. And 7 Cyrus had also 7 taken
along Tissaphernes. 10. Hoplites assembled 8
in the plain. 1 1 . Now Cyrus was general of all
the hoplites. 12. But Xenias, as it happened,
had two hundred hoplites.
I. Use the aorist. 2. Cf . Trapw eTvy^ave. 3.
Omit. 4. What voice? 5. Use the article.
6. Tore. 7. Cf. Kat crrpar^yov Se. 8. That is,
used to assemble ; imperfect tense, what voice ?
He sent for Cyrus : Cyrum arcessivit. Younger: minor
natu. Kal . . . : itemque. They used to assemble: se
conferebant. era! t|o-0Vi Aapctos : cum Dareus aegro-
taret. 6 irpccrpimpos irapwv Tvyx av : niaior natu forte
aderat. ws <|nXov : ratus eum sibi esse amicum. 6-irXi-
rai : milites gravis armaturae. Translate 3 and 4 into
Latin.
BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE II.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 1, 3, 4.
a. Aorist for English Pluperfect. 1261 ; H. 837.
b. Optative in Indirect Discourse. 1487 ; H. 932.
c. Dative with Compound Verbs. 1179; H. 775.
d. Object Clauses with OTTWS after Verbs of Striv-
ing, etc. 1372 ; H. 885.
i. Cyrus was falsely accused to his brother.
2. For Tissaphernes was plotting against Cyrus.
3. Now l Cyrus's brother 2 was established on
the throne. 4. And he was persuaded 8 by Tis-
saphernes. 5. So 4 he arrested Cyrus. 6. But
his mother begged him off, 5 with the avowed
intention of sending him back to his province.
7. For Parysatis loved Cyrus more than Ar-
taxerxes. 6 8. Artaxerxes had dishonored his
brother Cyrus. 9. And Cyrus planned 7 that he
might never again be dishonored. 10. Cyrus
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 5
will never 8 be king instead of his brother.
ii. For 9 he is 10 in the power of Artaxerxes.
i. Use the article, putting "Cyrus's" in
the attributive position. 2. Follow the text.
3. VTTO with genitive. 4. 877 ; be careful about
the position 5. Cf. cos obroKTei/toi/. 6. In the
same construction with " Cyrus." 7. OTTCD? ;
with what mood and tense ? 8. ovTrore ; cf.
/xT/Tj-ore in the text. 9. ya/>, postpositive ; com-
pare enirn in Latin. 10. Observe the peculiar
Greek idiom.
ts TT]V pcuriXeiav : regno potitus est. He was
persuaded by Tissaphernes : a Tissapherne ei persuasum
est. ws diroKTCvwv : hoc consilio ut eum interficeret ; or,
dicens se eum interfecturum. Instead of his brother : fra-
tris loco. 4-rrl TW dSeX^^ : i n fratris potestate. T^V 8vvt]-
TCU : si fieri possit. Translate 10 and n into Latin.
6 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE III.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 1, 5, 6.
a. to? and on with Superlative. H. 651.
b. Final Clauses with wz, etc. 1365 ; H. 88 1.
c. Article with Attributive Phrase. 952, 959 ; H.
666 c.
d. oWe with Infinitive expressing Result. 1449
-50 ; H. 927, 953.
i. The men from the king came to Cyrus.
2. And he so treated them that 1 they were
friendly to him. 3. They were friendly. rather
to him than to the king. 4. The barbarians
2 with him are competent to wage war. 5. And
they are all well disposed to Cyrus. 6. The
Greek force 3 is assembling. 7. The king is
4 wholly unprepared. 8. Cyrus collected his
force secretly 5 6 so as to take the king un-
prepared. 9. He has a garrison in the city.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 7
10. He directs the garrison commanders to take
the very best men. n. Tissaphernes is plot-
ting against the Ionian cities. 12. They were
originally his. 13. For 7 the king gave them
to him. 14. But now 8 they 9 belong to Cyrus.
i. oxrre ; with what mood ? 2. "With him,"
an attributive phrase limiting "barbarians."
3. See Ex. I, 10, and note. 4. Not to be
literally translated. 5. Use the participle.
6. A purpose clause. 7. See Ex. 2, note 9.
8. vvv* 9. Are of Cyrus.
They are well disposed to Cyrus : bono erga Cyrum animo
sunt. He commands them to take : imperat eis ut compa-
rent ; or, eos iubet comparare. worre avrw <|>i\ovs eivai :
ut sibi essent arnici. iKavol iroXejuiv : idonei ad bellum
gerendum. OTI, P\TIO-TOVS : quam optimos. Rather to
him than to the king : sibi magis quam regi. on dirapa-
o-KevoTdTov: quam maxime imparatum. Translate 13 and
14 into Latin.
8 BEGINNERS GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE IV.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 1, 1-6.
1 . When Dareios was sick, l the elder of his
two sons was with him, but 1 the younger 2 hap-
pened to be in the province of which Dareios
3 had made him satrap. 4 Accordingly he sent
for him, and he went up with 5 Xenias, a Par-
rhasian, 6 who was commander of three hundred
Greek hoplites.
2. 7 On the death of Dareios, Artaxerxes
became king. Now when he 3 had arrested
his brother, 8 intending" to "disgrace him, Pary-
satis, their mother, begged Cyrus off. But
when he had gone back to his province, he
plotted against the king his brother, 8 with the
avowed intention of reigning in his stead.
3. All the barbarians who 9 were 9 with him
he so treated that they were well disposed to
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 9
him, and he planned 10 to have a Greek force
11 assemble in the cities, 12 in order that he
might make war 13 upon Artaxerxes.
i. Use JJLCV and Se in these two clauses,
being careful about their position. 2. See
Ex. I, note 2. 3. Aorist. 4. Predicate
accusative. 5. Having. 6. Express the rela-
tive clause by a participle. 7. Recast the
phrase before translating. 8. Future parti-
ciple; with or without ws ? 9. Omit. 10. That
a Greek force should assemble. 11. Cf. eig
TreSiW aOpoiovT(u. 12. See Ex. 3, note 6.
13. Dative.
On the death of Dareios : cum Dareus mortuus esset.
In order that he might make war iipon Artaxerxes: ut Ar-
taxerxi bellum inferret. Intending to disgrace : dedeco-
randi consilio. /// his stead: eius loco, not eius in loco.
10 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE V.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 1, 7, 8.
a. Pronominal Article. 981 ; H. 654.
/>. axrre with Indicative. 1449-50 ; H. 927.
c. Infinitive with Article. 955, i ; H. 959.
d. Participle in Indirect Discourse. 1588; 11.982.
i . Tissaphernes became aware beforehand 1
that men 2 were revolting to Cyrus. 2. And
this was a pretext 3 for killing some and banish-
ing others. 3. But Cyrus took 1 under his pro-
tection 4 tho^e who were banished. 4. And
5 he had this pretext 3 for besieging Miletos
both by land and by sea. 5. He did not wish 6
Tissaphernes to rule over those cities. 6. But
he claimed 7 that the king should give them to
him. 7. He was the king's brother. 8. The
king thought 7 that Cyrus was collecting an
army 8 because he was at war with Tissapher-
FOR ORAL TRANSLA TION I I
nes. 9. Consequently 9 he was not displeased
10 at Cyrus's collecting an army. 10. But Cyrus
11 was plotting against him.
i. Expressed in the prefix of the verb.
2. Omit, as implied in the Greek participle.
3. Cf. TOV aOpoL^tiv. 4. The \pnes\ fleeing.
5. This was a pretext to him. 6. It is assumed
that the learner will be able to recall words
of very common occurrence. 7. Accusative
with infinitive. 8. Use p:itjciple agreeing
with "Cyrus." 9. So that. 10. Cf. avrw
TToAe/xowrwv. 1 1 . Use the verb correspond-
ing to 7ri/3ov\r)v.
Some . . . others : partim . . . partim. By land and sea :
terra marique. He was not displeased : non moleste fere-
bat. Become aware beforehand: The prefix irpo- of the
Greek verb becomes prae in Latin, praesentio. Those who
were banished : in exsilium actos. Translate 8 into Latin,
and mark the difference whether you express the last clause
by the indicative or subjunctive with quod. Translate 10
into Latin. What case does insidior take ?
1 2 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE VI.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 1, 9, 10.
a. Adverbial Accusative. 1060 ; H. 719.
b. Predicate Adjective for Adverb. 926 ; H. 619.
c. Genitive with Adverb of Place. 1148 ; H. 757.
d. Two Accusatives after Verbs of Asking, etc.
1069 ; H. 724.
I. Klearchos collected another army for
Cyrus. 2. This army was collected in the fol-
lowing manner. 3. Cyrus l became acquainted
with Klearchos. 4. And he gave him 2 a large
sum of money. 5. With this money Klearchos
supported his 3 soldiers. 6. Now 4 the Thra-
cians 5 that lived beyond the Hellespont were
at war with Klearchos. 7. But Greeks also
lived in the Chersonesos 6 that is opposite
Abydos. 8. These Greeks willingly 7 contrib-
uted money for the support of an army. 9. And
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 13
thus two armies 8 were secretly supported for
Cyrus. 10. Aristippos 9 happens to be hard
pressed by his opponents 10 in Thessaly.
1 1. And he asks Cyrus for four months' pay.
I. Cf. TOVTV (juyyevdyitevos. 2. Much (VoA.vs)
money. 3. Use the article only. 4. Se. 5. Use
the participle. 6. Not a relative clause in
Greek. 7. Wilting. 8. Cf. rpe^o/xevov eXdvOavev.
9. See Ex. I, c. 10. Position of this phrase ?
In the following manner : in hunc modum. Were secretly
supported: clam alebantur. Willingly: sua sponte. A
large sum of money : magnam pecuniam. Translate n into
Latin. Remember that peto does not take an accusative of
the person.
fj.axo.ipa.
14 BEQINNEfPS GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE VII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 1, 10, n.
a. Dative of Possession. 1173 ; H. 768.
b. Dative of Approach. 1175, * T 77 ; H. 772.
c. Genitive with Words of Superiority. 1120;
H. 749.
d. Trpiv with Subjunctive and Optative. 1471, 2 ;
H. 924.
I. Aristippos, a guest-friend of Cyrus, was
hard pressed by his opponents. 2. So, coming l
to Cyrus, he asked him for 2 hoplites, peltasts,
and two months' pay. 3. "I will give you
what you ask," said 8 Cyrus. 4. "But I beg
of you not to come to terms with them yet."
5. Aristippos got the better of his oppo-
nents. ' 6. But he did not wish to make peace
with them 4 till he should consult with Cyrus.
7. 5 And so he secretly maintained a force for
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 15
Cyrus. 8. Proxenos also 6 was Cyrus's 7 guest-
friend. 9. Him Cyrus asked to march into
the country of the Pisidians. 10. These were"
causing trouble to Cyrus's district. 11. And
Sokrates also came with as many men as pos-
sible. 12. Cyrus requested him to come,
8 because, as he said, he was to make war on
the Pisidians. 13. 9 With the aid of Sophainetos
he made war on Tissaphernes.
i. Having come. 2. See Ex. 6, d. 3. <^rj.
4. TrpocrOtv . . . irpiv with optative. 5. /cat.
6. KCLL ; before or after the noun? 7. What
case? 8. As being about to make war. 9. Cf.
crvv rots <t>vydcri.
With as many men as possible: cum militum quam
maximo numero. Because, as he said, he was going to make
war: quod bellum illaturus esset. What has become of
"as he said" in the Latin? Cf. note in Ex. 5. To make
war on any one: alicui bellum inferre. Translate 5 into
Latin. " To march," not infinitive.
1 6 BEGINNERS GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE VIII.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 1, 7-11.
1 . Cyrus l was secretly plotting against the
king his brother, and he found many pretexts
2 for collecting troops. Being at war with
Tissaphernes, he besieged Miletos 8 with the
avowed intention of restoring the exiles
whom Tissaphernes had banished from that
city.
2. And so the king did not perceive that 4
Cyrus was raising an army 5 for the purpose
of warring against him; for the tribute 6 accru-
ing from the cities which "happened to be 8 in
the power of Tissaphernes was sent to Arta-
xerxes by Cyrus.
3. Cyrus also gave money to Klearchos, a
Lakedaimonian in the Chersonesos, and to
Aristippos, a Thessalian, 9 who were his guest-
FOR WRITTEN' TRANSLATION 17
friends, for the support of soldiers. Thus
three armies 10 were secretly supported for
him.
i. Escaped notice plotting ; see Ex. 6, 9.
2. Of the collecting (infinitive). 3. See Ex. 2, 6
and note 5. 4. on. 5. Use future participle
agreeing with " Cyrus." 6. Use the plural.
7. See Ex. l,r. 8. Cf. Ex. 2, note 10. 9. Being.
10. Cf. note i.
Pretexts for collecting troops : praetexta militis cogendi.
For the support of soldiers : ad milites alendos. Translate
the first sentence of 2 into Latin. Perceive : animadvSrto.
Was raising (to be raising) : cogo. For the ptirpose, etc. :
ad ... gerendum ; and how else ?
1 8 BEGINAfEFS GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE IX.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 2, i, 2.
a. Participle as Noun. 1560 ; H. 966.
b. Future Conditions (more vivid). 1403 ; H. 898.
c. Genitive with Verbs of Ruling, etc. 1109;
H. 741.
d. Attraction (Incorporation) of Antecedent.
1037; H - 995-
i . l Cyrus now resolved to march inland.
2. And he collected his Greek and barbarian
forces. 2 3. Then Klearchos came with 3 an
army. 4. Cyrus directed him to expel the
Pisidians from their country. 5. He directed
Aristippos to become reconciled with 4 his
people. 6. " Send to me," said 5 Cyrus, "what
army you have." 7. Xenias commanded 6 those
who guarded the citadels. 8. He decided 7 to
obey Cyrus and come with as many soldiers
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 19
as possible. 9. All 8 the Greek generals had
confidence in Cyrus. 10. For he promised to
restore them to their homes, n. 9 If he is
able, he will restore you to your homes.
i. It seemed best to Cyrus. 2. Omit. 3. Either
of two participles may be used. 4. Those at
home. 5. (77. 6. Cf. rows TroAiopKowra?. 7. Cf.
note i. 8. Tras. 9. The text has et with the
optative, a quoted sentence after a secondary
tense. Use here eav with the subjunctive.
// seemed best: visum est. To expel : ut eiceret. To
become recojiciled with : redire in gratiam cum. Had confi-
dence in Cyrus: Cyro fidem habebant. He will restore you
to your homes : vos domum reducet. He promised to restore
them : promisit se eos reducturum. Translate 6 and 8
into Latin. "What army": what of army. Decide: con-
stituo or decerno ; or see note i.
20 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE X.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 2, 3-5.
(7. Genitive of Source. 1130; H. 750.
b. Instrumental Dative. 1181; H. 776.
c. ws with Names of Persons. 1220, 8 ; H. 722, a.
d. Position of ouros with Article. 974; H. 673.
i. The men 1 from the cities 2 arrived at
Sardis. 2. Proxenos and Xenias were present
with fifty-five hundred men. 3. Sophainetos
and Sokrates had about sixteen hundred.
4. Tissaphernes observed these movements. 1
5. And he thought that these armies were
3 too large to be used against the Pisidians.
6. 4 With this idea he proceeded as rapidly as
possible to the king. 7. The king, hearing 5
from Tissaphernes of the preparation against
him, 6 was very 7 angry. 8. Then he ordered
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 21
an army to be collected 8 with all speed.
9. When Cyrus had heard that his troops were
all present in Sardis, he set out. 10. Starting 5
from that city, he marched to the JVTaeander
river, n. This river was in Lydia, and there
was a pontoon bridge upon it.
i. Omit. 2. Notice in the text three verbs
used to express this idea. 3. Larger than as
if against. 4. Having thought this. 5. This
use of the present participle in English must
not be imitated in Greek ; use the aorist.
6. Himself ; put " against him " in the attrib-
utive position. 7. /xaXtcrra. 8. Not to be
translated literally.
As quickly as possible: quam celerrime poterat. He
heard from Socrates of the preparation : a Socrate de appa-
ratu certior factus est. Starting from Sardis : Sardibus
profectus. Armies . . . too large to be- used : copias . . .
maiores quam quae usurparentur. Translate i and 9 into
Latin.
22 BEGINNERS GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XI.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 2, 6, 7.
a. Predicate Position of jneVos. 978; H. 671.
b. Imperfect of Customary Action. 1253, 2;
H. 830.
c. Conditional Relative Clauses. General Sup-
positions. 1431; H. 914, B.
i. Cyrus crossed the Maeander river.
2. l After one day's march through Phrygia,
he came to Kolossai. 3. Kolossai was a large
and prosperous city. 4. Thither came Menon
with fifteen hundred soldiers. 5. Another city
of Phrygia, where Cyrus had a park, was Kelai-
nai. 6. At 2 Kelainai were the sources of the
Maeander river. 7. Here Cyrus used to hunt
wild animals 3 on horseback in his 4 park.
8. 5 Whenever he exercised his horses, he
hunted wild animals. 9. 6 Whenever he hunts
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 23
wild animals, he goes 7 into this park. 10. The
park which I have mentioned was in the middle
of the city. 1 1 . And it had the Maeander
river flowing through its centre.
i. Recast the phrase before translating.
2. eV. 3. Why is OLTTO with the genitive used ?
4. See Ex. I, note 5. 5. A general supposi-
tion, past time. 6. A general supposition,
present time ; use oTrorav. 7.
On horseback: ex equo or vectus equo. Whenever he
hunted %vild animals : quotiens feras venaretur. To Ko-
lossai : Colossas. At Kelainai: Celaenis. iroXis OIKOVJJLCVT] :
urbs incolis frequens. irapclSeuros (game-park): vivarium.
Translate 6 and 10 into Latin.
24 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XII.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 3, i - 7.
1 . When Cyrus promised the Greek generals
not to stop till 1 he should arrive among the
Pisidians, they decided 2 to put confidence in
him. Accordingly they assembled with 3 such
armies as they had.
2. But Tissaphernes thought that Cyrus was
not 4 going to march against the Pisidians, but
against the king himself ; and the king, hear-
ing 5 this from Tissaphernes, 6 made his pre-
parations in turn.
3. I have mentioned what forces Cyrus had.
With these he started from 7 Sardis and marched
on as rapidly as possible. 8 Whenever he arrived
at a large city, he halted for a few 9 days. But
10 when he reached his palace in Kelainai, he
remained five days, and hunted wild animals in
the park with Klearchos.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 25
i. Cf. Ex. 7, note 4. 2. Cf. Ex. 9, note i.
3. Cf. ocrov rjv cdrro) crr/oarev/xa. 4. About to
march, future infinitive. 5. Cf. Ex. IO, note 5.
6. Prepared himself . 7. e^ord?? 8. See Ex.
II, note 5. 9. oXtyo?. 10. Not a general,
but a particular supposition.
Hearing this from Tissaphernes : ubi de his rebus a
Tissapherne certior factus est. / //^7'<? mentioned what
forces Cyrus had : dixi quas copias haberet Cyrus. To
arrive at: pervenire ad. Translate the first sentence of 2
into Latin. " That Cyrus was not going to march " : Cyrus
not to be about to march.
26 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XIII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 2, 8, g.
a. VTTO with Dative. 1219, 2; H. 808, 2.
b. Genitive of Measure. 1094, 5; H. 732, a.
c. Neuter Plural with Singular Verb. 899, 2 ;
H. 604.
i . The source 1 of the river Marsyas is at
the foot of the acropolis. 2. 2 And near it
the Great King 3 had a large palace. 3. This
palace, which was built by Xerxes, was fortified.
4. At this place the width of the Marsyas was
thirty-two feet. 5. And near this river Apollo
is said to have 4 contended with Marsyas,
whom 5 he defeated and flayed. 6. The skin
of the luckless 6 Marsyas he hung up in a
cave. 7. And for this reason they called the
river Marsyas. 8. I When Xerxes had been
defeated in battle, he built the palace in Kelai-
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 27
nai. 9. He had been defeated in Greece, and
built the palace 8 during his retreat. 10. Here
an enumeration of the Greeks was made.
1 1 . The hoplites all told 9 amounted to 10 about
eleven thousand.
i. Plural. 2. Near which, -n-apd with Dative.
3. Cf. Kv/oo) a few lines back. 4. Cf. eptoi/ra
01. 5. Having defeated, he flayed. 6. drv^s.
7. Clause with ore, or participle ; what word
should come first in Greek? 8. When he was
retreating. 9. Omit. 10. Cf. d//,</>i TOIJS Sio--
At the foot of the Acropolis : sub arce. 4pto> TIVI : certo,
or contendo, cum aliquo. Whom he defeated and flayed :
cui, cum eum vicisset, pellem detraxit. diroxwpciv : se
recipere. Translate 7 and 8 into Latin. Why can you not
say Xerxe victo ?
28 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XIV.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 2, 10, n.
a. Cognate Accusative. 1051; 11.715.
b. Accusative of Extent. 1062; H. 720.
i\ Predicate Nominative. 907; H. 595, b.
d. The Negatives ov and //,?/. 1607-13; H.
1018-25.
i. Thence he marches on five days' march,
twenty-five parasangs. 2 But he stayed four
days at 1 Peltai. 3. Peltai was 2 an inhabited
city. 4. Here Xenias 3 celebrated the Lykaia
with sacrifices. 5. And the games which he
held were viewed by Cyrus. 6. At 1 Kayster
Plain the soldiers demanded their wages.
7. They often went to Cyrus's quarters. 8. For
three months' pay was due them. 9. More than
two months' pay 5 is due the Greeks. 10. But
Cyrus, 6 having no money, can not pay them. 7
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 29
1 1 . Cyrus was troubled, 6 because he had not
the money due the soldiers. 12. 8 Evidently
he wished to pay the soldiers. 9 13. For 10 he
always n paid when he had the money. 14. And
he spoke hopefully.
i. eV. 2. Note the plural subject. 3. Sac-
rificed the Lykaia. 5. The subject. 6. Not
having. 7. Omit. 8. He was evident wishing.
9. Not accusative. 10. Cf. tyovra aTroStSovai.
II. act'.
AtPeltai: Peltis. To Pel tat : Pelt as. To Cyrus's quar-
ters : ad praetorium Cyri. Spoke hopefully : spes propo-
nebat. Evidently he 'wished: apparebat eum cupere.
u>4>ei\To : debebatur. Translate 7 into Latin.
30 BEGINNERS GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XV.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 2, 12 - 14.
a. Apposition. 911; H. 623.
/>. Infinitive in Indirect Discourse. 1522;!!. 946.
r. Personal and Impersonal Constructions. 1522,
2; H. 944.
i. While 1 Cyrus was in Kayster Plain, Epy-
axa came there. 2. She was said to be the wife
of Syennesis. 3. Who was king of the whole
country of the Kilikians. 4. She gave Cyrus
a good deal of money. 5. And the soldiers
received 2 four months' pay. 6. It was said
that Epyaxa had a body-guard about her.
7. The Kilikian queen 3 begged of Cyrus to
hold 4 a review of the army. 8. It is said
that Cyrus was willing to display the army to
Epyaxa. 9. But he did not hold the review
till 5 he came to another city. 10. Epyaxa had
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 31
not yet left Cyrus, but proceeded with him to
Thymbrion. n. There was a spring 6 beside
the road. 12. Near it Midas, King of the
Phrygians, caught the Satyr. 13. He is said to
have mixed 7 wine with the spring. 14. There-
fore this was called Midas's spring.
I. 0>5. 2. \afji/3ava). 3. Omit. 4. Not ^(o.
5. -n-pLv with the indicative. 6. Why is the accu-
sative used here with Trapd? 7. The spring
with wine.
A good deal of money : magna^ecunia. Cf. Matt, xxvni,
12, "And they gave large money unto the soldiers." Trans-
late into Latin Kal \-yTO Kvpa> Sovvcu xp^fiara iroXXd.
Translate 7 into Latin. Of Cyrus : accusative, or a with
ablative, according as you use rogo or peto. To hold : not
infinitive. Hold a review : ostendo.
32 BEGINNERS GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XVI.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 2, 8-14.
1. Cyrus remained twenty days near the
Marsyas river, l which is about twenty-four
feet wide. Here Apollo is said to have de-
feated Marsyas. Here also Xerxes, 2 on his
retreat from Greece, built a palace.
2. While 3 Cyrus was marching on through
the country, he held two reviews of the army,
one 4 of the Greeks 4 and the other of both 5
Greeks and barbarians. The review 6 at Tyriaion
he held 7 because he wished to display his army
to Epyaxa.
3. 8 Now she had given him money, and
he had paid his soldiers with 9 this money.
For he owed them more than three months'
wages, and 10 was annoyed because ll he could
not pay them; for it was not in his character
UNIVERSITY'
^CSALIFQg^>
WRITTEN TRANSLATION- 33
not to be annoyed when 12 he had no ia money
for 14 the wages of his soldiers.
i. Of which the width, etc. 2. When he
was retreating. 3. eW. 4. r^v //-eV . . . rrjv
Se. 5. not. 6. Put "at Tyriaion " in the
attributive position. 7. Wishing. 8. avTrj &rj.
9. a?. Cf. Ex. 6, 5. 10. Use the imperfect,
ii. on. 12. OTTOTC with optative ; conditional
relative sentence, general supposition. 13. Not;
ov or ny ? 14. ets.
O^ . . . the other : alter . . . alter. // was not in his
character : non erat ex eius moribus. While Cyrus was
marching: dum Cyrus iter facit. Observe that the Latin
uses the present of a past act after dum. Because he wished :
Mark the difference between quod vellet and quod vol^ebat.
How would the former be expressed in Greek ? Translate i
into Latin. Near: prope. Width : latitude. " Which is
. . . wide ": of which the width is. Feet : the construction is
the same as in Greek. Palace : regia.
34 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XVII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 2, 15, 16.
a. Inceptive Aorist. 1260; H. 841.
b. 7rt with Genitive. 1210, i, a, c ; H. 799, i, #, d.
c. /cara with Accusative. 1211, 2, r; H. 800, 2, d.
d. Difference between Aorist and Imperfect.
1259; H. 829,836.
i . It was the custom of 1 the Greeks to be
drawn up for battle four deep. 2. And each
commander marshalled 2 his own men. 3. Menon
and ^ his division took their stand 4 on the right.
4. It is said that Klearchos and 5 his men held
the left. 5. While 6 the other generals were
said to occupy 7 the centre. 6. The barbarians
were drawn up 8 by troops and by companies.
7. And thus arranged they passed in review.
8. The Greeks, however, did not march by
Cyrus and Epyaxa. 9. 9 But they, on the
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 35
contrary, rode past the whole Greek 10 line.
io. n Cyrus rode in his chariot, but Epyaxa in
her carriage. 1 1 . The shields of all the Greeks
were uncovered 12 as if for battle.
i. To. 2. The [men] of himself. 3. The
[men] with him. 4. eV 8eia (sc. x et /0- 5- The
[men] of him. 6. 8e. 7. In this exercise are
several instances of synonymous English
words used for the same Greek word. 8. Cf.
Kara yyv /cat Kara OdXaTTav* 9. OVTOL Se. io. Of
the Greeks. 1 1. Put /xeV and Se in their appro-
priate places. 12.
Four deep: in quaternos. Menon and his division : Menon
cum suis. Drawn up by troops and by companies : turma-
tim et centuriatim instruct!. To ride by in a chariot:
curru praetervehi. Translate 4 into Latin in two ways.
Left: laevum.
3 6 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XVIII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 2, ij, 18.
a. Construct Praegnans. 1225; H. 788.
b. Omission of Subject. 897, 4; H. 602, c.
c. Participle denoting Time. 1563, i; H. 968.
d. Position of the Partitive Genitive. 965; H.
730, d.
i. When Cyrus a had stopped his chariot in
front of the Greeks, he'sent Pigres to Klearchos.
2. Now Pigres, a Persian, was his interpreter.
3. 2 As his custom was, he sent an interpreter
to the Greeks. 4. The Greeks 8 at his -com-
mand threw forward their arms with a shout.
5. And after this they advanced rapidly.
6. When the trumpet sounded, the whole line
advanced. 7. And great 4 was the terror of
the Kilikian queen. 8. 5 The men in the tents
abandoned their arms and fled. 9. It is said
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 37
that the Kilikian queen admired the discipline
of the army. 10. And Cyrus is said to have
been pleased 6 when he saw the terror of the
barbarians.
i. See Ex. 2, a. 2. Cf. Ex. 17, i. 3. Having
been ordered by him. 4. Much. 5. Cf. ot IK
n/s dyopas, K. r. A. 6. Having seen.
As his custom was : sicut ei mos erat. When the trumpet
sounded: cum classicum cecinisset. Abandoned their arms
and fled: armis relictis fugiebant. Translate 10 into
Latin. To have been pleased : use laetor.
38 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XIX.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 2, 19, 20.
a. Infinitive of Purpose. 1532; H. 951.
b. (0? with Participle. 1574; H. 978.
c. Adverbial Accusative. 1060; H. 719.
i. Thence he marches on through Phry-
gia four days' march, twenty-five parasangs.
2. And remained in Ikonion, a frontier city, two
days. 3. From this border city he marched
into the country of Lykaonia. 4. Lykaonia
was plundered 1 on the ground that it was
hostile. 5. Cyrus gave it up to the Greeks
to plunder. 6. Thence he marched on to
Dana by the shortest road. 7. 2 From there
he sent Menon with the Kilikian queen to
Kilikia. 8. There he put Megaphernes to
death 3 because he was plotting against him. 4
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 39
9. 5 At any rate, he charged him 6 with plotting
against him. 10. This Megaphernes was a
wearer of the royal purple. 1 1 . A certain
other nobleman, too, 7 was charged 6 with being
hostile to Cyrus. 12. And having been accused
by Cyrus, he was executed.
i. As being hostile ; not accusative. 2. Ex-
press "from there" by one word. 3. As
plotting against ; cf . ok 7roAe//,iW ovcrav. 4. Him-
self. 5. ow, postpositive. What is a com-
moner meaning of this particle ? 6. Infinitive,
indirect discourse. 7. KOLL.
rr\v Taxurrqv 68ov : via brevissima. Gave it up ... to
plunder : earn diripiendam permisit. Would the infinitive
diripi have the same force as the gerundive ? At any rate :
utique, or quomodocunque {however}, res sese habet.
Translate 8 into Latin. Why the subjunctive after quod ?
Remember that insidior requires the dative.
40 BEGINNERS GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XX.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 2, 15-20.
1. When Cyrus a was reviewing his army at
Tyriaion, 2 the barbarians marched past him,
but he in his chariot and the Kilikian queen
in her carriage rode along in front of the
Greeks. Now the Greeks were drawn up by
fours, all with 3 bronze helmets, purple tunics,
and greaves, and with their shields uncovered ;
and great 4 was the splendor of the array.
2. 5 In order to frighten the barbarians, Cyrus
ordered the whole line of the Greeks to
charge 6 with their weapons advanced ; and T as
they moved forward 8 as rapidly as they could,
the barbarians were much frightened. Even
the Kilikian queen fled, leaving 9 Cyrus behind.
The Greeks were pleased 10 when they saw
the terror of the barbarians, and came with
laughter to their encampment.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 41
i. What tense? 2. See Ex. 17, note n.
3. Having. 4. Much. 5. A purpose clause ;
see Ex. 3, /;. 6. Throwing forward their
weapons. 7. Genitive absolute. 8. See Ex.
3, a. 9. See Ex. 10, note 5. 10. Having
seen.
With their weapons advanced : armis obiectis. Leaving
Cyrus behind : Cyro relicto. Translate the first sentence of
2 into Latin. To charge : use procedo.
42 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXI.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 2, 21, 22.
a. Dative of Time. 1192; H. 782.
/;. Genitive Absolute. 1152; H. 970.
c. Conative Imperfect. 1255; 11.832.
d. Dative of Advantage and Disadvantage. 1165;
H. 767.
i. Then Cyrus wished to invade Kilikia.
2. Now J he heard that the pass was a very
steep carriage road. 3. And impracticable for
him to enter, because 2 Syennesis 3 was guard-
ing it. 4. But Syennesis did not stay on the
heights. 5. A messenger 4 told Cyrus 5 that
Syennesis had gone down to the plain. 6. And
Syennesis had indeed 6 abandoned 7 the pass,
because x he heard that Menon was in Kilikia.
7. Therefore he did not 8 try to hinder Cyrus.
8. 9 Since no one was guarding the pass, the
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 43
army invaded Kilikia. 9. Also Tamos 10 hap-
pened to be sailing around from Ionia. 10. He
had Cyrus's triremes. 11. Both Greeks and
barbarians n were pleased to see a well watered
plain. 12. The plain was full of wheat and
barley from the mountain to the sea.
i. Cf. rjKovt . . . Ta/xoiv l^ovra. 2. on.
3. What tense ? 4. Said to Cyrus. 5. Cf.
6V t AeAoiTTto? tit) ; why optative ? 6. 8rj.
7. Aorist. 8. " Try to hinder" may be ex-
pressed in two ways. 9. Express by the
genitive absolute ; no one guarding. 10. See
Ex. I, c. ii. Cf. Ex. 18, 10 and note.
icrpd.XX.6Lv els : inrumpere in. He heard that the pass
was: audivit aditum esse. Since no one was guarding:
nullo custodiente. Translate 4 and 5 into Latin. Be care-
ful about the /^^-clause. Go down : descendo. Plain :
planities.
44 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 2, 23-25.
a. Dative of Degree. 1184; H. 781.
/>. Sia with Genitive. 1206, i; H. 795, i.
c. Accusative of Specification. 1058; H. 718.
d. Genitive with Comparatives. 1153; H. 755.
^ There l is in Kilikia a city, Tarsus by
name. 2. At that time it was a large and
flourishing city, full of provisions. ^3. And
through this city flowed a river three plethra 2
in width. 4. The city had been abandoned by
the inhabitants for a place upon the mountains.
^ The tavern-keepers, however, 3 did not go
up to the mountains. 6. But they stayed in
their taverns. 7^ Epyaxa went down into the
plain ten days 4 before Syennesis. 8. And it
was said that she arrived in 5 Tarsus five days
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 45
before Cyrus, jzf. Two companies of Menon's
army were cut to pieces in the mountains.
10. Or else 6 they were unable to find their
way. / ^. 7 At any rate, one hundred hoplites
perished. 12. Some say they were cut to pieces
because they were plundering. ^13. Others,
because they were left behind by the rest of
the army.
i. The expletive "there" is not expressed
in Greek or in Latin. 2. See Ex. 13, a.
3. /xeVrot, postpositive ; recall the other post-
positives that have occurred. 4. Cf. Tr/aorepa
Kvpov. 5. Into; why? 6. Omit. 7. See
Ex. 19, note 5.
A city Tarsus by name : urbs nomine Tarsi, or urbs cui
nomen erat Tarsis. In width : latitudine or in latitudi-
nem. Five days before Cyrus : quinque ante Cyrum die-
bus. 4v rff vircppoXff TWV opwv : in transeundis montibus.
Some . . . others ; alii , , . alii. Translate 3 into Latin.
46 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXIII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
AuabRMs, I. 2, 26-27.
a. bid with Accusative. 1206, 2; H. 795, 2.
/. Subject of Infinitive omitted. 895, 2; H. 940.
c. /xera with Accusative. 1212, 3 (^);H. 801,3,^.
//. Infinitive as Object (not in Indirect Discourse).
1519; H. 948.
i. a Menon gave up the palace 2 in Tarsus to
his army to plunder. 2. The soldiers were
angry on account of the loss of their comrades.
3. Syennesis was summoned to Cyrus. 4. But
he was unwilling to come 8 into the power of
Cyrus. 5. For he said that Cyrus was 4 superior
to him. 6. But when his 5 wife 6 tried to per-
suade him, he said he would go. jf. After
that, having received pledges, he went to
Cyrus. 8. On account of the pledges, Cyrus
and Syennesis became acquainted with each
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 47
other. 9. And Cyrus gives him a golden
necklace. 10. Which is regarded 7 at court
as 8 a valuable present. 11. Cyrus 9 promised
not to plunder the country of Syennesis.
i. See Ex. 19, a, and 5. 2. Cf. TO, cv avTrj.
3. Into hands to Cyrus. 4. Better than himself.
5. The. 6. Express by one word. 7. Near
the king. 8. Omit. 9. Cf. Ex. 9, 10.
TavTa t post haec. At court : apud regem. To
receive pledges : fidem accipere. Promised not to plunder :
promisit se non direpturum [esse]. 8id TOV oXcOpov :
propter cladem. irplv TJ ^WTJ avrov fcVeurc : priusquam si
persuasisset uxor. Translate i into Latin. "To plunder":
to be plundered, but not infinitive.
48 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXIV.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 2, 21-27.
1. Syennesis, the king of Kilikia, 1 wishing
to prevent Cyrus 2 from entering his country,
seized 3 the pass over 4 the mountains. But a
messenger 5 came and told him that Menon 6 had
already led his army through the pass, and
7 was marching on through the plain towards
Tarsus.
2. Therefore he abandoned the heights,
and Cyrus went up 8 without hindrance, and
the next day came down into the plain. At
Tarsus Cyrus became acquainted with Syen-
nesis, 9 who gave him a large sum of money,
and he, on the other hand, gave him many
valuable gifts.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 49
3. Now Epyaxa had persuaded Syennesis to
meet Cyrus, 10 though at first he was unwilling
to put himself into his power.
i. Cilicians. 2. To enter. 3.
4. Through. 5. Came saying. 6. Cf.
177. 7. Use the present. 8. No one hindering.
9. See Ex. 4, note i. The student should
remember that /xeV and Se are seldom both
translated into English, but are very common
in Greek. 10. At first not being willing.
Wishing to prevent Cyrus from entering : cum vellet
Cyrum prohibere ne inrumperet. To persuade one to do a
thing: alicui persuadere ut with subjunctive.
50 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXV.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 3, i, 2.
a. 7rt with Dative. 1210, 2, c ; H. 799, 2, c.
/'. Subject of Infinitive omitted. 895, 2; H. 940.
c. Infinitive after Verbs of Hindrance, etc. 1549,
1615; H. 963, 1029.
d. Position of the Genitive of Pronouns with the
Article. 960, 977; H. 673, b.
i. "We refuse 1 to go forward. 2 2. For we
suspect that we are being led against the king.
3. And we were not hired for this purpose.
4. Klearchos cannot 3 compel us to go. 5. We
shall stone him, if he tries. 4 " 6. 5 Such things
the soldiers said to each other. 7. Klearchos
6 tried to compel them to advance. 8. But 7 he
came near being stoned to death. 9. Then an
assembly of his 8 soldiers was summoned by
him. 10. They assembled and for a short
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 51
time stood in silence. 1 1 . And they were
surprised because he 9 stood and wept a long
time. 12. When they saw him weeping, they
didn't 10 stone him 10 any more. 13. After a
while Klearchos spoke as follows.
i. Say not. 2. Use an adverbial phrase.
3. Use the future. 4. Tret/oao/xat. What kind
of conditional sentence ? 5. rotavra. 6. See
Ex. 21, c. 7. By a little he escaped, etc. 8. Not
avrov. 9. Standing wept. 10. " Not . . . any
more " : OVK en.
We refuse to go : negamus nos ituros [esse]. Observe
that the Latin expresses the subject of the infinitive. To
stone a person : lapides in aliquem conicere. He came very
near being stoned to death : haud multum afuit quin lapidi-
bus obrueretur. What is this literally, afuit being imper-
sonal? Translate 2 into Latin.
52 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXVI.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 3. 3, 4.
a. Prohibitions. 1346; H. 874.
It. fjierd with Genitive. 1212, i, b\ H. 801, i.
c. Implied Indirect Discourse. 1502, 1369 ;
H. 937-
cL The Passive of Verbs taking two Accusatives.
1239; H. 724, a.
i. " Do not be surprised because I wept.
2. I was distressed at the existing state of
things. 3. l An exile from my native land, I
became Cyrus's guest-friend. 4. And I 2 was
well treated by him. 5. When he gave me
ten thousand darics, I spent them on you.
6. 3 With your help I drove the Thracians out
of the Chersonesos. 7. For the Greeks 4 who
lived there were being robbed of their land.
8. Then Cyrus summoned me. 9. And I took
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 53
the field to aid him 5 if I could. 10. I wished
to aid him 6 in return for the money I had
received from him. n. And now you refuse 7
to accompany me."
i. Fleeing. 2. Mark the idiom. 3. With
you. 4. Participle. Notice how often the Greek
participle corresponds to a relative clause in
English, and conversely. 5. This clause is
implied indirect discourse. The direct form
would be eav SiW/mi. 6. Cf. avO* wv. 7. See
Ex. 25, note i.
To be distressed, take it hard: moleste ferre. An exile
from my native land : patria expulsus. / spent them on
you : in vestrum commodum impendebam. To aid him
if I could: ut eum iuvarem, si possem. Translate 10
into Latin. In return for : pro. The relative pronoun may
not be omitted as in English.
54 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXVII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
-^
Anabasis I. 3, 5, 6.
a. av with Infinitive. 1308; 11.964.
b. Emphatic Negation. 1619; H. 1030.
c. Genitive of Separation. 1117, H49/; H. 74^-
d. Conditional Relative Sentences: Future, more
vivid. 1434 ; H. 916.
I. " I am distressed because you do not wish
to accompany me. 2. But I will not 1 desert
you or 1 prove false to you. 3. 2 If I wish to
enjoy the friendship of Cyrus, 3 1 must of course
desert you. 4. But 4 if I go with you, I must
prove false to him. 5. And nobody ever said
that I 5 proved false to the Greeks. 6. With
you I will suffer 6 whatever is necessary.
7. 7 Wherever you go, I will go. 8. I think
I should be in honor, 8 if I should go with you.
9. Since you are to me equally 9 fatherland
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 55
and friends and companions, I will accompany
you. 10. Without friends and companions 10 I
should of course not be able to repel my foes.
1 1 . Whether you will be my friends I know
not."
i. Neither . . . nor, ovre . . . ovre. 2. A
present supposition. 3. Necessity [is] to me.
4. A future supposition. 5. What mood?
6. Conditional relative clause, like " if any-
thing shall be necessary." 7. See note 6.
8. Cf. OTTOV avJ, which is equal to "if I shall
be anywhere." 9. KCU'. 10. This clause in the
direct form represents av etrai of the text.
/ will suffer whatever is necessary : quidquid opus erit,
patiar. Wherever you, go : ubicumque ibitis. Withotit
friends and companions : si ab amicis sociisque destitutus
sim. ws p.ov ovv tovros . . . OVTW TTJV yvwfi/qv \*T : me
iturum esse persuasum habete. el SiKcua TTOITJO-W OVK
otSa : haud scio an iuste facturus sim. Translate n into
Latin.
5 6 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXVIII.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 3, i - 6.
1. When Klearchos found out that he could
not compel his men l to advance, he collected 2
an assembly, and spoke as follows :
2. " Fellow-soldiers, do not wonder that I
wished to accompany Cyrus, for he was my 3
guest-friend, and had honored me 4 in many
ways, and of course I wanted to aid him in
return for the benefits I had received from
him. But when I found out that you 5 would
not go forward, I was distressed, and even 6
shed tears.
3. " However, 7 I must 8 go with you, for I led
you into the country of the barbarians, and <
now I will not desert you; and no one shall
ever say that I preferred the friendship of
.Cyrus. Now don't stone me any more. 9 "
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION
57
i. Not ai/S/oes or avOpomoi. 2. Use the parti-
ciple. 3. See Ex. 7, note^Y" 4. Cf. ra aAAa.
5. Remember that ef/u Is future in sense.
6. KCLL. 7. /xeVrot. 8. See Ex. 27, note 3.
9. " Not any more," /x^/ceVt ; why not OVK ert ?
When Klearchos found out that he could not: Clearchus
cum intellexisset se non posse. That you would not go
forward: vos non ituros [esse]. A r ow don t stone me any
more : nolite iam in me lapides conicere. Translate i
into Latin and compare it with the Greek. Assembly : contio.
5 8 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXIX.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 3, 7, 8.
(7. Trpos with Accusative. 1216, 3; H. 805, 3.
b. ITT L with Accusative. 1210, 3; H. 799, 3.
c. Tenses in Indirect Discourse. 1483511.853-5.
d. Trapd with Genitive, Dative and Accusative.
1213, 1221; H. 802, 790. ,
i . Klearchos l said that he would not march
to the king. 2. And when his soldiers heard
that, 2 they approved. 3. For they thought
that Cyrus 3 was marching against his brother.
4. And they did not wish to go 4 into the
interior. 5. Cyrus thought that men from
Xenias and Pasion 3 would go with him. 6. But
when they encamped near Klearchos, he was
annoyed. 7. So he sent for Klearchos, and
Klearchos sent a messenger to him unknown
to the soldiers. 8. " Be of good courage,
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 59
Cyrus, 5 6 for I will go with you. 9. And these
things will be settled satisfactorily. 7 10. 8 For
myself, I do not wish to go to you. n. But
do you 9 continue to send for me."
i. Refused to march ; cf. Ex. 25, i and note i.
2. These [things]. 3. What would be the tense
of the direct form ? 4. Expressed in the
prefix of the verb. 5. The vocative- is very
often preceded by w. 6. Cf. cos
//.eVooi/ TOVTWV. 7. Adverbial phrase. 8.
9. Present tense.
Klearchos said that he would not march against the king:
Clearchus negavit se ad regem iter facturum. Unbe-
known to the soldiers: militibus inscientibus. Be of good
courage : bono animo es. Translate 2 and 3 into Latin.
Approve : laudo.
60 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXX.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 3, 9, 10.
<i. Partitive Genitive. 1088 ; H. 729 e.
/>. Participle with o-wotSa. 1590; H. 982 #.
(\ Object Clauses after Verbs of Fearing. 1378;
H. 887.
if. Indirect Discourse with OTL and ok. 1487; H.
930-2.
i. To another assembly came *any one of
the soldiers that wished 2. And Klearchos
2 made the following address. 3. " Our rela-
tions to Cyrus, are in just the same position
as his 3 to us. 4. Since we are no longer his
soldiers, evidently we shall no longer receive
pay from him. 5. However, I think we have
wronged him. 6. 4 Are not you conscious of
having deceived him ? 7. 1 5 know that 5 1
have deceived him. 8. So that when he
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 61
sends for me, I am unwilling to go to him.
9. And besides, I am afraid that he will send
for me again. 6 10. 7 Of necessity, then, I must
go to him. ii. And he will 8 punish me for
the wrongs I have done him."
i. The \pne\ wishing of the soldiers. 2. Said
these things. 3. Use the genitive of curros,
there being no possessive pronoun of the
third person in prose. 4. dpa ^. 5. Since
the second " I " is not expressed in Greek,
the emphasis comes on the first ; lywye.
6. iroXiv. 7. Necessity will be to me ; Cf. Ex.
27, 3. 8. Inflict punishment upon me (dative)
of those things in which I have wronged him.
Any one of the soldiers that wished: cuicunque ex mili-
tibus libebat. Our relations : res nostrae. Are in just
the same position : eodem omnino modo se habent. otmos
\i: ita se habet. <ri)voi8a IpavTcp: mihi conscius sum.
TO jxv ixeyuTTOv al<rxvv6}Xvos : maxim e quia me pudet.
Translate 7 into Latin. Deceive : fallo.
62 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXXI.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 3, 11-13.
a. Reflexive Pronouns. 993; H. 683.
b. OO-TIS in Indirect Questions. 1013, 1600 ;
H. 700, ion, a.
c. Future Participle denoting Purpose. 1563, 4;
H. 969, c.
d. Genitive with Verbs of Mental Action, etc.
1102 ; H. 742.
i. l Do not neglect yourselves. 2. But con-
sider what you must do next. 2 ^g:As long
as we sleep, we are neglecting ourselves.
4. We must 3 consider, therefore, how we shall
4 make the safest retreat. 5. Without provi-
sions 5 neither general nor private is of any
account. 6. Now you all see that Cyrus has 6
a large force. 7. For you are encamped not
far from him. 8. And he is a dangerous enemy
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 63
to any one with whom he is at war. 9. 7 1 have
told you what I think. 10. And now it seems
to be time for you to tell what you 8 think,
^i. Some told what they thought, and some
were prompted by Cyrus.
i. See Ex. 26, a. 2. From these [things'].
3^ This may be expressed in two ways, both
illustrated in the text. 4. Go away most
safely. 5. See Ex. 27, b. 6. Participle in
indirect discourse. 7. tiprjKa. 8. Emphatic,
and therefore to be expressed.
As long as: quamdiu. What you must do next: quid
deinceps vobis agendum sit. KaOfjcrOcu : considere.
X^Ps : inimicus. iro\fxios : hostis. aipa xaBevSeiv : tern-
pus dormiendi. Do not: nolite. Kal -yap : nam etiam.
Translate i, 3 and 6 into Latin.
64 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXXII.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 3, 7-13.
1. Klearchos refused 1 to go to Cyrus, but
sent a messenger to him 2 to tell him that
everything 3 4 would turn out satisfactorily.
Then he 5 called an assembly of his soldiers,
and said that, since they refused 6 to follow
Cyrus, they were no longer his soldiers, nor
was he any longer their paymaster.
2. " So that it is time," said he, "for us to
consider what we must do. 7 Stand up and
tell what you th'ink is best. We have deceived
Cyrus, and I think that he is no longer our
friend. He thinks that he has been wronged
by us, and I am afraid 8 that he will be a
dangerous enemy."
3. "Well,";* said some one, prompted by
Klearchos, " I think that Cyrus is a most valu-
able friend, and that the difficulty in going
away without his knowledge is very great."
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 65
i. See Ex. 29, note i. 2. See Ex. 31, c.
3. All things. 4. Always ask yourself this
question when dealing with indirect discourse :
What would be the tense in the direct forrn ?
5. Brought together. 6. Optative. 7. Having
stood ///, tell. 8. See Ex. 30, c. 9. dAXa.
OVK Ti : non iarn. He thinks that he has been wronged by
us : existimat se a nobis iniuria adfectum esse. / am
afraid that he will be : vereor ne sit. Sent a messenger to
tell : In what ways may " to tell " be expressed in Latin ?
66 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXXIII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 3, 14, 15.
a. Participle with <0avo>. 1586; H. 984.
b. Verbals in reos. 1594-7; 11.988-91.
c. The Negative ^. 1610-11; H. 1019,^
d. Two Accusatives after Verbs of Asking. 1069;
H. 724.
I . One in particular pretended that he 1 was
in a hurry to go back. 2. And so he proposed
to choose another general. 3. For Klearchos
was not willing to take command. 4. If Cyrus.
2 is not willing to give us transports, we shall
ask him for a guide. 5. But we must 3 have a
guide 4 to lead us away. 6. And we must pre-
occupy the heights in order that Cyrus may not
5 get the start of us in seizing them. 7. Let
no one of the Kilikians preoccupy the heights.
8. That they 6 must not do. 9. The Greeks
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 67
will follow 7 whatever guide you may choose.
10. But there are many reasons why 8 we
9 ought to obey Klearchos.
i. Why should not "he" be expressed?
2. Shall not wish. 3. xprj. 4. Whoever shall
lead. 5. Cf. <$>6d<Tw<Ti Ka/raAa/frn/res. 6. Use
the verbal. 7. The guide (dative) whomever.
8. On account of which. 9. The verbal of
7ret#o> is TretcrTeov.
Pretended that he was in a hurry : simulabat se prope-
rare. OVK IpovXero : nolebat. A guide to lead its away :
ducem qui nos abducat. That they must not do : hoc fa-
cere non debent ; or hoc eis non faciendum est. Whatever
guide you may choose : quemcumque ducem elegeritis.
Why : quam ob rem. Translate 4 into Latin. Use the
present subjunctive in the first part to denote what may hap-
pen. Translate 10 into Latin. Be careful about the mood
in the last part.
68 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXXIV.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 3, 16, 17.
a. Assimilation of Mood. 1439; H. 9 T 9> a -
b. Dative of Accompaniment. 1189-90; 11.774.
c. Assimilation (Attraction) o"f the Relative.
1031; H. 994.
//. Conditional Relative Sentences : Future, less
vivid. 1428, 1436; H. 912, 917.
i. a He who bids us ask Cyrus for trans-
ports is foolish. 2. For Cyrus is not 2 going
to make his expedition back again. 3. Another
pointed out the folly of 3 the one who asked for
a guide. 4. 4 Just as if Cyrus would give a trust-
worthy 5 guide. 5. He was afraid to go on
board the boats that Cyrus 6 might give. 6. I,
too, should be afraid to follow the guide that
Cyrus might give. 7. Now it is not possible
to go away 7 if Cyrus is unwilling. 8. And
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 69
we cannot 8 get off without his knowing it.
9. If we take his transports 9 what hinders his
sinking us, transports and all ? 10. Or leading
us 10 to a place it will be impossible to get
out of ?
i. The \pne\ bidding. 2. Future, tense.
3. See note i. 4. Cf. ^o-n-cp . . . Kvpov TTOLO-
/xeVov. 5. TTto-ros. 6. Potential optative with
av. 7. Genitive absolute. 8. Going off, escape
the notice of him. 9. Cf. TL KwAvei . . . [$f*as]
K\cviv. 10. Whence it will not be possible to
go out.
Just as if Cyrus would give : quasi Cyrus daturus esset.
What hinders his sinking? quid impedit quo minus de-
mergat ? Get off without his knowing it: digredientes
eum latere. avrcus rats rpi^pccri : cum ipsis triremibus.
Translate i into Latin, beginning " stultus."
70 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXXV.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 3, 18, 19.
a. Participle expressing Condition. 1563, 5 ;
H. 969, d.
b. Dative with Compound Verbs. 1179; H. 775.
c. xpao/xat with Dative and Cognate Accusative.
1183; H. 777, a.
d. Tenses of the Dependent Moods (not in
Indirect Discourse). 1271-8; H. 851.
I. 1 This man recommended that suitable
persons 2 3 should go to Cyrus. 2. And these,
4 when they went, asked Cyrus what use he
wished 6 to make of them. 3. We should fol-
low, if the undertaking were similar to 7 the
former one. 4. For Greeks formerly went
inland 8 with Cyrus. 5. And we do not wish
to be more cowardly than they. .6. But if the
undertaking be toilsome, he must 9 10 win us
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 71
over n the best way he can. 7. Or if the
undertaking appear dangerous, we must 10 pre-
vail on him to let us off. 8. If we should be
won over, we should be friendly to Cyrus.
9. If we go off in friendship, we shall go off
in safety. 10. 12 When we have heard what
Cyrus may say, we will deliberate.
i. // seemed best to this \mari\. 2. Omit.
3. Infinitive. 4. Having gone. 5. Cf. ri . . .
Xprja-Oat. 6. Indirect question after secondary
tense. 7. Cf. TTJ<S -n-poaOev. 8. See Ex. 29,
note 4. 9. avdyKrj. 10. Persuade. n. fj
&VVCLTOV /xoAtcrra. 12. Having heard.
TI povXercu TJJJLIV xp^" at : quam ob rem nostra uti
velit opera. This man recommended: huic visum est.
Suitable persons : idonei. Deliberate : consilium capere.
Translate I and 10 into Latin. Remember that "when we
have heard " would be " when we shall have heard."
72 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXXVI.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 3, 14-19.
1. 1 My proposal is, if Klearchos does not
wish to lead us back, to ask Cyrus for boats,
in order that we may sail away as quickly as
possible to Greece. For if we have boats, we
can 2 get away safely. But if we cannot prevail
upon Cyrus to give us boats, what prevents his
giving us a guide, who will lead us through 3 a
country that is friendly ?
2. If we do not follow Cyrus, where 4 shall
we buy provisions? For the market, 5 you
know, is in his army. And if Cyrus should
give us a guide, I should be afraid to follow
him. Evidently 6 there are 7 many reasons why
Klearchos will not 8 assume this command, but
he will obey whomever we may choose.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLA TION
73
i. Cf. Ex. 35, i, and note i. 2. Future.
3. Put the adjective in the predicate position.
4. OTTOV. 5. S?;. 6. Cf. Ex. 30, 4. 7. Many
\things\ on account of which. 8. Cf.
Prevail upon one to : alicui persuadere ut. Translate
the first sentence of 2 into Latin, but do not use the present
indicative ; also the third sentence of 2.
74 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXXVII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 3, 20, 21.
a. Genitive of Time. 1136; H. 759.
b. Verbals in -ros. 776, i, 2; H. 475.
c. Article with Distributive Force. 951; H. 657, c.
d. Future Infinitive after Verbs of Promising.
1286; H. 948, a.
I . The deputies asked Cyrus l the questions
that the army had agreed upon. 2. And he
replied that he wished 2 to go to the Euphrates
river. 3. For Abrocomas, his personal enemy,
was there. 4. Now the Euphrates was twelve
stages off. 5. 3 If Abrocomas should be there,
he would punish him. 6. The soldiers had
a suspicion that Abrocomas was 2 not there.
7. Nevertheless they decided to follow. 8. For
Cyrus 4 promised that he would lead them to
the river. 9. And, 5 as they demanded addi-
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 75
tional pay, he gave them fifty per cent, more
6 than they had before. 10. This 7 amounted
to a daric and a half a month to 8 each man.
1 1 . That the Euphrates was thirteen stages
off, nobody heard, at least openly.
i. Recast this before trying to put it into
Greek. 2. Not imperfect or aorist ; why ?
3. Future supposition, less vivid form. 4. Cf.
vTrtcr^vetrat . . . S<o<mv. 5* To them demand-
ing, etc. 6. Notice the attraction of the rela-
tive. 7. See Ex. 13, n. 8. The soldier.
. . . ov 7rpoTpov <|>pov : dimidio maius sti-
pendium quam id quod prius accipiebant. TOV p.t|vos :
singulis mensibus. To demand additional pay : auctum
stipendium poscere. TTJV SIKTJV : meritam poenam.
Punish, poenam sumere. Translate 2 into Latin. Also 5 ;
do not use the imperfect subjunctive ; why not ?
7 6 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXXVIII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 4, 1-3.
a. Causal Sentences. 1505; H. 925.
b. Dative of Instrument. 1181; 11.776.
c. Genitive with Verbs of Ruling, etc. 1109;
H. 741.
d. Uses of the Middle Voice. 1242, i, 2, 3 ;
H. 811-14.
j . Issus is a frontier city of Kilikia, situated
on the sea-coast. 2. To this city Cyrus marched
from the Pyramus river. 3. Thither came and
cast anchor sixty ships. 4. Pythagoras was
admiral over 1 the thirty-five ships from Pelo-
ponnesos. 5. And Tamos, an Egyptian, had
been besieging Miletos with twenty ships.
6. Which now followed him from Ephesos to
Issus. 7. Miletos was besieged, since it had
been friendly to Tissaphernes. 8. And Tissa-
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 77
phernes, 2 you remember, haa made war upon
Cyrus. 9. .Four hundred Greek mercenaries,
having revolted from Abrocomas, came to
Cyrus. 10. And Cheirisophos, summoned by
Cyrus, commanded seven hundred hoplites.
i . 7rt with dative ; cf . iirl T&V vew, on board
the ships. 2 . Express by a common particle.
Situated on the sea-coast: ad-mare sita. Is sequor followed
by the same case as fe'irofiai. ? <rvv7roX[Ai Kvpw irpos avrov :
adversus hunc cum Cyro bellum gesserat. |iio-9o(j>6poi :
stipendiarii. irapa Kvpw : apud Cyrum. Hoplites : mili-
tes gravis armaturae. Translate 2 and 10 into Latin.
Command : duco.
7 8 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XXXIX.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 4, 4, 5.
a. Position of d/x<orepos. 976; H. 673, a.
b. Implied Indirect Discourse. 1502; 11.937.
c. Agreement of Verb with Predicate Noun.
904; H. 610.
d. Dependent Clauses in Indirect Discourse.
1497, i, 2; H. 931-2.
i. Syennesis was guarding the inner wall.
2. And Abrocomas was said to hold the outer
one, 1 that toward Syria. 3. 2 The space between
the inner wall and the river is a stade. 4. And
the width of the Karsos river is one plethrum.
5. 3 The whole distance between the walls is
three stades. 6. At both the gates guards
had been stationed. 4 7. Cyrus put ashore his 5
hoplites, that they might overpower the enemy.
8. For he thought 6 that Abrocomas would be
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 79
guarding the pass. 9. 7 But he, 8 hearing that
Cyrus was near, had retreated. 10. However,
Cyrus did not think that" he would march out
of Syria, n. But presently 9 he heard 10 that
he was retreating through Phoinikia.
i. Omit. 2. The middle of. 3. Cf. note 2.
4. TtOrjjJii. 5. The. 6. oto/xat. 7. 6 Se. 8. Cf.
7ret rJKOvcre Kvpov ovra. 9. avriKa. IO. Cf.
note 8.
TO p.v <ra)0v . . . TO 8e e^co [TI\OS] : [castellum] cite-
rius . . . ulterius. cvpos ir\0pov : latitudine or in latitu-
dinem plethri. aTro(3if3aiv : in litore exponere. Trans-
late 7 and 10 into Latin. Retreat: se recipere. However :
what is the proper position of autem ?
8o BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XL.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 3, 20 4, 5.
1 . A river, l Pyramos by name, flows through
Kilikia. This river is fifteen parasangs distant
from Issus, x a frontier city of Kilikia, large
and prosperous. There Cyrus stayed three
days. And Pythagoras, a Lakedaimonian, came
there with thirty-five ships. Cheirisophos also
was on board the fleet 2 with seven hundred
hoplites.
2. Cyrus thought that 3 if he should land
troops, some 4 5 on the hither side of the Syrian
wall and some 4 6 on the further side, he would
be able to overpower the enemy and get by the
pass. Then 7 he proposed to march on to the
Euphrates river, twelve stages off, where he
heard that Abrocomas was. But if Abrocomas
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION
81
should not be there, they would then 8 consider
the situation.
i. See Ex. 15, a. 2. Ships. 3. Dependent
clause in indirect discourse. 4. Cf. Ex. 5, a.
5. Within. -6. Without. 7. eTreira. 8. Delib-
erate in reference to these things.
Cyrus thought that if he should land troops, etc. : Cyrus
putavit si copias exposuisset. cfcru ical e'^w : citra ultra-
que. Consider : consilium capere. Translate the first
sentence and the last into Latin.
82 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XLI.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 4, 6, 7.
a. The Future Optative. 1287; H. 855, a.
b. Genitive of Value. 1133, 1135; H. 753, /
c. Present with force of Perfect. 1256; H. 827.
d. Participle denoting Cause. 1563,2; H. 969, &
i. At Myrandos two Greek generals left
Cyrus's expedition and sailed away. 2. The
names of these commanders were Xenias and
Pasion, the one an Arkadian, the other a Mega-
rian. 3. They, as it seemed, were piqued because
Klearchos kept their l soldiers. 4. Now these
soldiers had gone over to him. 5. For they
thought 2 he was going back to Greece. 6. And
Cyrus allowed Klearchos to keep them. 7. A
report spread abroad that these generals 3 had
sailed away. 8. They had put 4 their valuable
property on board a transport. 9. 5 Most people
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 83
thought that they were cowards. 10. And they
6 wished that Cyrus would capture them. 1 1 . But
he did not pursue them. 12. 7 We pity them
if they are taken by Cyrus.
i. Their own. 2. i/o/uo>. 3. Aorist. 4. The
\things~\ worth much. 5. They seemed to most
to be cowards. 6. Cf. f.v\ovro avrous
7. The direct form of wKret/oov et d
Change the optative to the same tense of the
indicative. What other change is necessary ?
Ttt ir\t<rTov ajta : res maximi preti. Most people thought
that they were cowards : plerisque videbantur esse ignavi.
6X.K<xSs : naves onerariae. We pity them: eorum nos mi-
seret. Translate 5 and 12 into Latin. Is "are taken" a
real present ?
84 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XLII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 4, 8, 9.
a. Predicate Accusative. 1077; H. 726.
b. Genitive of Separation. 1117; 11.748.
c. Two Accusatives. 10734; H. 725, a.
iL Subject and Agent of the Passive. 1234-6;
H. 818, a.
i . Cyrus knew l whither Xenias and Pasion
had gone. 2. And his triremes could catch
their transport. 3. But he let 2 tliem escape.
4. "By the gods," said he, "no one shall say
3 that I pursued them. 5. Let them be well
assured 3 that I shall not arrest them." 6. And
Cyrus 4 was not wont to use any one 5 so long
as he was with him. 7. And then treat him
ill, 5 when he wanted to go away. 8. The
Greeks were somewhat 6 dispirited in refer-
ence to the expedition. 9. But on account of
FOR ORAL TRAA T SLATION 85
Cyrus's magnanimity 7 towards Xenias and
Pasion, they followed with greater spirit.
10. After this they came to rivers full of large
and tame fish. 1 1 . Now the Syrians regard
fishes as gods. 12. Nor do they allow 8 any
one to injure the doves.
i. Indirect discourse after secondary tense.
2. ecwo. 3. Indirect discourse after primary
tense. 4. Imperfect; see Ex. II, b. 5. Note
carefully the dependence of this clause, and
see Ex. II, c. 6.*Expressed in the compara-
tive. 7. Cf. TTtpl e/xe. 8. Omit "any one."
He knew whither they had gone : intellexit quo ivissent.
Somewhat dispirited : animo minus alacri. On account of
Cyrus\s magnanimity towards them : propter Cyri erga eos
virtutem. Translate 8 and 10 into Latin. Tame: mansu-
etus. Injure : noceo, with dative.
86 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE, XLIII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 4, 10-12.
a. Tenses of the Participle. 1288; H. 856.
b. Genitive with Verbs of Ruling, etc. 1109;
H. 741.
c. Genitive with Verbs of Depriving. 1118 ;
H. 748, a.
d. Indirect Discourse with ort and cos. 1481;
H. 930-3.
i . Belesys, l who had been ruler of Syria, had
a large park there. 2 2. This park Cyrus laid
waste. 3. And 3 a report spread abroad that
he 4 would burn down the palace. 4. Thapsakos
is situated on the Euphrates river. 5. At that
very place Cyrus told the Greek generals that
he 4 should march against the king. 6. 5 The
soldiers also were told this by the generals.
7 The generals 6 sent for the soldiers and
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 87
7 tried to persuade them to follow. 8. But they
said that the generals knew 8 the facts before.
9. And they were angry with them. ' 10. How-
ever, they said they 4 would follow, if some one
would give them money. 1 1 . Those 9 who went
inland with Cyrus before received 10 money.
i. The [one] having ruled. 2. Put this word
first. 3. Cf. Ex. 41, 7. 4. Future indicative
in the direct form. 5. 27iis was said to the
soldiers. 6. Participle and verb, instead of
two verbs. 7. See Ex. 2i,<r. 8. These [things'].
9. Cf. note i. 10. Xa[ji/3dv(D.
6 Svpias apas : qui Syriae praefuerat. Sent for the
soldiers and tried to persuade them to follow : militibus arces-
sitis persuadebant ut sequerentur. March : iter facere.
If some one: si quis. Translate 5 and lointo Latin.
88 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XLIV.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 4, 6-12.
i. After Xenias and Pasion x had deserted
Cyrus, he called the generals together and
said that they had not 2 got beyond his reach,
because he could catch them with his triremes.
Now they were sailing away in a transport.
But he said that he should not pursue them,
3 lest some one might say 4 that as long as 5 a
man was with him he used him, but when he
wanted to go away, he arrested him and treated
him ill.
2. Nor did he deprive them 6 of their wives
and children, whom 7 he had under guard in
Tralles. So they got back their wives and
children on account of their former good ser-
vices to Cyrus. After this the army marched
on twelve stages, sixty-five parasangs, to the
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 89
Euphrates river, which was four stades in
width.
i. See Ex. 2, a. 2. aTrofavyu. ' 3. Negative
purpose ; py with optative. 4. Observe that
the following clauses put the statements of
the text in the indirect form. In such cases,
when the subjunctive is changed to the
optative, ov is dropped ; eTreiSav becomes eW.
5. Any one. 6. See Ex. 43, c. 7. Note the
gender.
Nor did he deprive them of their wives and children : ne-
que eos uxoribus liberisque orbavit. <EO>S av irapt] : dum
adsit. Desert: deserere. Get beyond one's reach : aufu-
gere. Translate the first sentence into Latin. After : post-
quam with perfect indicative, or cum with pluperfect sub-
junctive.
90 BEGINNERS .GREEK COMPOSITION
/
LXERCISE XLV.
/FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 4, 13, 14.
/a. TTpw with the Infinitive. 1469-71; H. 955.
Genitive of Material. 1085, 4; H. 729, f.
Temporal Particles, " Until" and " Before."
1463-5; H. 920-4.
d. Conditional Relative Sentences : Future, more
vivid. 1434; H. 916.
I. When we arrive in Babylon, I will give
each man five minae of silver. 2. And pay in
full till you *get back to Ionia. 3. I know not
whether you will follow me or not. 4. Cyrus
promised to give them money before it was
clear 2 whether they would go or not. 5. 3 What
reply did the Greeks give to Cyrus ? 6. They
said 2 they would go, if he would do what 4 he
promised. 7. What did Menon bid his men
do? 8. He said that they ought to cross the
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 91
river. 9. " If," said he, " you cross the river
before it is evident "whether the rest will cross
or not, Cyrus will honor you. J.O. But you
must obey me, 5 if you wish to be honored by
Cyrus."
i. Come to Ionia again. 2. See Ex. 3 2 >
note 4. 3. What (not o rt) did the Greeks
reply? 4. 6 TL. 5. Present supposition.
When we arrive in Babylon : ubi primum Babylonem
venerimus. Whether you will follow me or not : utrum me
sequamini necne. irplv S^Xov ctvcu : priusquam constaret.
You must obey me : vos oportet mihi parere. Translate 5, 7,
and 8 into Latin. Recast 5 as in note 3. Ought: oportere.
GREEK WARRIORS PREPARING FOR BATTLE.
92 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XLVI.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 4, 15, 16.
a. Prohibitions. 1346; H. 866, 2.
b. Genitive of the Infinitive. 1547; H. 959.
c. Genitive with Various Verbs. 1099; H. 738-9.
d. Object Clauses after Verbs of Striving, etc.
1372; H. 885.
i. If you begin the crossing, Cyrus will be
grateful to you. 2. And he will repay you,
1 because you are more zealous than the others.
3. If you vote to cross the river, I also 2 shall
be grateful to you. 4. 3 If the others should
vote 4 in the negative, we should all go back
again. 5. But you would seem to Cyrus to be
the most faithful. 6. And whatever we wish,-
we shall receive from him. 7. Let us then
cross the river, before the others vote. 8. And
when 5 Cyrus learns that we have crossed, he
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 93
will be pleased. 9. And I know that he will
see to it that we get whatever we wish. 10. 6 If
he does not do this, no" longer think him Cyrus.
i . As being more zealous. 2 . KCU, put before
the word it emphasizes. 3. Note the change
of form in this conditional sentence. 4. Ex-
pressed in the prefix of the verb. 5. eTretSav.
6. Future supposition.
To begin the crossing: initium facere traiciendi. To be
grateful : gratiam habere. OTTCDS 8c Kal vp,ets jx liraiveo-crc
fxol |X\TJ(Ti : verum ut vos etiam me laudetis, mihi curae
erit. No longer think : nolite iam habere. Translate i, 8,
and 10 into Latin. In i " begin " may be future or future
perfect. In 8 "learns ": shall have heard.
94 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XLVII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 4, 17-19.
a. ok with Participle. 1574; H. 978.
b. Partitive Genitive. 1085, 7; H. 729, e.
c. Genitive with words of Fulness and Want.
iii2, 1140; H. 753, c.
i. The soldiers of Menon l indulged high
hopes. 2. And 2 of course they wished Cyrus
to be successful. 3. Then Cyrus, having sent
presents to Menon, crossed the river himself.
4. And all the Greeks followed him. 5. The
river wet no one of them above the breast. 3
6. Never 4 had the river been passable on foot
except then. 7. Now this seemed providen-
tial. 8. Clearly the river made way for Cyrus,
5 because he was to be king. 9. Why, 6 one
might ask, 7 did not Cyrus use boats ? 10. Because
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 95
they had all been burned by Abrokomas.
1 1 . Near the Araxes river were villages full
of corn and wine. 12. Here they waited three
days, 8 gathering supplies. ^
i. Were in great hopes. 2. by. 3. Plural.
4. Use the aorist. 5. As about to be king.
6. See Ex. 51, d. 7. eporrao). 8. Participle ;
. not the aorist.
Indulged high hopes : magnam in spem veniebant.
VTV)('CD : felix sum. No one of them : nemo ex iis. el (JLTJ
Tore : praeterquam illo tempore. This seemed providential:
divinitus accidisse hoc visum est. Translate 4 and 9 into
Latin. In 4 observe the different syntax of "him" in Greek
and Latin. Near : prope.
96 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XLVIII.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 4, 13-19.
1 . l During the halt at Thapsakos, Menon
persuaded his men to cross the Euphrates
river, before it was evident whether 2 the rest
of the Greeks would cross or not. He told
them 3 that 4 if they did so 5 they would be
honored by Cyrus more than the others, and
that Cyrus would employ them, as being most
zealous, for garrison duties and captaincies.
2. Now Cyrus knew how to requite a favor,
if any one did, and 6 those who were most faith-
ful to him received from him 7 whatever they
wanted. Accordingly, when he heard 8 that
Menon's army had crossed, he was pleased,
and said 9 that he would take care that they
also should be pleased.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 97
i. While they were staying. 2. The other
Greeks. 3. See Ex. 32, note 4. 4. In chang-
ing from subjunctive to optative, lav becomes
et. 5. This. 6. The \pnes\ being most faith-
ful. 7. What kind of a clause is this ? 8. Cf.
Ex. 39 > 9- 9- Cf. OTTO)? . . . eTrau/eVere
Persuaded his men to cross : militibus persuasit ut trans-
irent. If they did so : si hoc fecissent. He knew how to
requite a favor : gratiam referre sciebat. Halt : maneo.
Or not: necne. Translate the first sentence of i into
Latin. Recast the first clause and remember that dum is
followed by the present of a past act.
98 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XLIX.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 5, 1-3.
a. ov in Apodosis; prj in Protasis. 1383, i ;
H. 1018-21.
b. Present and Past General Suppositions. 1393,
i, 2; 1431, i, 2; H. 894, 914, B.
c. Pluperfect with Meaning of the Imperfect.
1263; H. 849,^.
i. In this region the ground is l covered
with wormwood. 2. And all the ground is
level like the sea. 3. All the shrubbery and
reeds are fragrant. 2 4. Sometimes the soldiers
give chase to the wild asses and gazelles.
5. Now these asses, 3 if one pursues them, run
forward and then 4 stand still. 4 6. And 3 when
the horses draw near, they do the same thing
again. 4 7. So 5 they cannot be taken 3 unless
the horsemen relieve one another. 8. Their
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 99
flesh is tenderer than venison. 9. 6 One could
not catch a bustard, unless he started it up
suddenly. 10. Ostriches do not fly, but use
their wings like s.ails.
i. Full of . 2. Neuter plural. 3. Notice the
change from the past general supposition of
the text to the present. 4. Omit. 5. // is
not possible to take them. 6. Cf. ras 8e oJrtSas
av TIS, K.T.A.. and note change of time.
Covered with wormwood : absinthio plenum. Sometimes
gave chase to: nonnumquam consectabantur. Run forward
and then stand still : procurrunt et deinde subsistunt.
They cannot be taken : nulla est eas capiendi ratio ; or
non potest eas capi. Translate i, 6, and 7 into Latin.
In 6 "and when": quotienscumque. irX/rjo-idttt : appro-
pinquo.
ioo BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE L.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 5, 4-6.
a. Genitive of Price. 1133; H. 746.
b. Dative of Possession. 1173; H. 768.
c. Accusative of Specification. 1058; H. 718.
d. Participle denoting Manner. 1563, 3 ; H. 969, a.
i . The Maskas river is a plethrum l in width.
2. And it encircles a town 2 by the name of
Korsote. 3. 3 On their march through the
desert, they kept the Euphrates on the right.
4. No one of the soldiers died of starvation.
5. Because they 4 had procured supplies at
Korsote. 6. But they could not buy grain
except 5 at a very high price. 7. A capithe of
wheat flour was worth four sigli. 8. And they
could buy a quart of barley meal for fifteen
obols. 9. So they 6 had to get along with 7 eat-
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 101
ing meat. 10. On account of the lack 8 of
fodder they lost many of the pack-animals.
i. The genitive or the adjective may be
used. 2. Recast the phrase before translating.
3. Marching desert stages. 4. Aorist. 5. ?re/ot
TrAetcrrot). 6. Use xp??. 7. Omit. 8. airopta.
cnrto\TO VTTO \IJJLOV : fame peribat. erreo-iTuravTO : ciba-
ria parabant. For fifteen obols : obolis quindecrm. xnro-
J^Yiov : iurnentum. xP TOS : pabulum, diropia : penuria.
Translate 4 and 10 into Latin. In 4 *' of the soldiers " is
not to be turned by the genitive.
102 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LI.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 5, 7, 8.
a. Implied Protasis. 1413; H. 903.
b. Antecedent omitted. 1026, 1029; 11.996,998.
c. Partitive Genitive with Verb. 1097, i ; H. 736.
d. Potential Optative and Indicative with av.
1327-8, 1335-6; H. 872, 903.
i . 1 Some of these marches were very long.
2. 2 Whenever they wished to reach water, they
made long marches. 3. 2 Whenever the mud
appeared hard to get through, Cyrus halted.
4. And once in particular Glus and Pigres
were ordered to take a part of the army and
help 3 extricate the wagons. 5. Once the army
seemed to Cyrus to work slowly. 6. And so
he ordered the noblest Persians 4 in his retinue
to help extricate the wagons. 7. 2 Whenever
he ordered these to jump into the mud, 5 one
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 103
might see an instance of good discipline.
8. One might have supposed 6 they were run-
ning for victory. 9. 7 When they jumped
into the mud, they threw off their cloaks.
10. 2 Whenever they jumped irfto the mud,
they threw off their cloaks.
i. Cf. rjv ovs. 2. General supposition. 3. Ex-
pressed in the prefix of the verb. 4. About
him. 5. It was [possible] "to see. 6. Accu-
sative with infinitive. 7. Particular supposi-
tion.
6iroT irpos vSwp |3ovXoiTO 8 1 are X. e'er at : quotiens ad aquam
iter peragere volebat. oirou TV\CV Kao-ros <TTT]KWS : quo
loco quisque forte stabat. OCITTOV \ ws TIS av WCTO : cele-
rius opinione ; or celefius quarn putares. TOVS "rrcpl avrov :
quos secum habebat. <ruvKptpdStv rds dfJLa|a$ : adiu-
vare in plaustris extrahendis. Translate i into Latin,
imitating the Greek idiom ; also 6 in two ways, using first
impero, then iubeo.
104 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LII.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 5, i - 8.
1. The army of Cyrus, marching through
Arabia, l passed over a level plain 2 that was
full of wild animals of all sorts, which the sol-
diers sometimes hunted. 3 Whenever they gave
chase to the wild asses, they were obliged 4
5 to take position at intervals and relieve one
another; for since the asses ran 6 so much
faster than the horses, a single 7 horse soon
gave out.
2. Between 8 Korsote and Pylai the whole
country was barren, and many of the pack-
animals died of starvation. In fact, grain was
so scarce 9 that a capithe of wheat-flour or
barley-meal was worth four sigli. Therefore
the soldiers ate meat. The inhabitants of this
region bought their food at Babylon.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 105
3. Xenophon relates an instance 10 of dis-
cipline which he witnessed. On one occasion
Cyrus ordered his noblest attendants to leap
into the mud and n help hasten on the wagons ;
and they stripped off their purple tunics, and
in they jumped.
i. TrapepxpfjiaL. 2. Omit "that was." 3. Gen-
eral supposition. 4. Usexp??. 5 Cf . Siewrrai/res
. . . 8ta8ep(o/xevot. 6. Totrovra). 7. eis- 8. //,erav
with genitive. 9. o-Travtos. 10. /xepos. n. Three
words expressed by the Greek verb.
Between Korsote and Pylai : inter Corsoten et Pylas.
A capithe is worth four sigli : capithe quattuor siglos valet.
8ia8\q|JLvoi TOIS nnrois : alii equites alios recentibus
equis excipientes. Translate the last two sentences of 2.
Ate: use vescor.
io6 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LIII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 5, 9, 10.
a. Dative of Degree. 1184; H. 781.
b. Accusative of Extent. 1062; H. 720.
c. Genitive with Words of Touching. 1099 ;
H. 738-
d. 877X0? ci/u with Participle in Indirect Discourse.
1589; H. 981.
i. 1 An attentive observer might see that
Cyrus was hurrying all the way. 2. 2 It was
evident that he did not delay 3 except where he
4 gathered supplies. 3. 5 The 6 quicker he goes
the 6 more unprepared will he find 7 the king.
4. If he should delay, the king would collect a
large army. 5. The greater the number of
people the stronger is % the king's power.
6. While 8 the longer the roads are the weaker
is his power. 7. At Charmande they crossed
the^river on floats to purchase supplies. 8. Now
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 107
these floats are made of skins filled with hay.
9. The skins were sewed up 9 so that the
water did not touch the hay. 10. After cross-
ing they got wine and millet, n. For millet
is very abundant in this countfy.
i. To the [one] applying the mind it was
[possible] to see. 2. Use first the personal
construction, then the impersonal. 3. Where
not. 4. 7rtcriTi'o/xai. 5. oo-wav, /c.r.X. 6. "The
. . . the " : ocra> . . . TOcrovTa). 7. Aa/x/^ai/w.
8. Se ; put the usual correlative in the pre-
ceding sentence. 9. What particle is more
common than ws to express result ?
// was evident that he did not delay : constabat eum non
cunctari. ocrw . . . TOOTOVTW : quanto . . . tanto. irpo<r-
\iv TOV voiiv : animurn advertere. d-rrapao-KevacrTos : im-
paratus. Svvafus : potentia. Translate 3 and 5 into Latin.
io8 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LIV.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 5, n, 12.
a. Dative of Time. 1192; H. 782.
b. Dative of Means. 1181; H. 776.
c. Genitive with Words of Missing. 1099 ; H. 748.
d. Dative with Intransitive Verbs. 1159-60;
H. 764, 2.
i. At that place a soldier of Menon's and
one of Klearchos's quarreled. 2. Klearchos
decided that 1 Menon's man was in the wrong.
3. The man told Menon 2 that Klearchos 3 had
beaten him. 4. On the same day Klearchos
was riding back from the ford through Menon's
army. 5. Here 4 a man was splitting logs with
an axe. 6. And he 5 hurled his axe at Klear-
chos. 7. And many of the soldiers 6 threw
stones at him. 8. Some 7 of them missed him,
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 109
8 to be sure. 9. But 9 he narrowly escaped
being stoned to death. 10. And all the men
raised 10 a loud shout. 11. For they were
exceedingly angry with him.
. ^
i. The -\maii\ of Menon. 2. What con-
structions are possible ? See Ex. 65, c.
3. Aorist. 4. TIS. 5. Hurled at Klearchos
(genitive) with the axe. 6. Cf. note 5. 7. Ivtot.
8. /xeV ; its position ? 9. See Ex. 25, 8.
10. Made.
TT} avTTj Tjp.e'pa : eodem die. They ivere exceedingly angry
with him : graviter ei irascebantur. Observe that the con-
struction is the same as in Greek. KpCvco : iudico. dSiKco :
iniuste ago. TrX/rj-yas IjxpaXXa) : verbera infligo. Translate
2 and 3 into Latin. In 2 is sibi or ei to be used ?
J 10 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LV.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 5, 13, 14.
a. Dative of Cause. 1181; 11.776.
b. coo-re with Infinitive. 1449 50; 11.953.
c. Participle with rvy^avo). 1586; H. 984.
d. Genitive with Verbs of Fulness and Want.
iii2 ; H. 743.
i . Thereupon l Klearchos took refuge in 2
his tent. 2. And then he summoned the hop-
lites to arms. 3. With these and the horse-
men that he had he frightened Menon, and
his 3 soldiers too. 4. So that they 4 did not
know what to do. 5. 5 Just at that time Pro-
xenos happened to be coming up. 6. And
a division of hoplites was following him.
7. These soldiers he ordered to halt under
arms 6 between the two parties. 8. Then,
addressing Klearchos as a friend, he said :
9. "O Klearchos, 7 don't do that." 10. Now
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION Hi
Klearchos 8 had come near being stoned to
death. 1 1 . And he thought that Proxenos
9 was making light of his troubles. 12. So
he told him to 10 get out of the way.
I?*
i. ivravOa. 2. Into, motion being implied.
3. Cf. avrov MeVwra. 4. Were perplexed at the
affair. 5. ei/0a &rj. 6. The Greek idiom is
different. 7. See Ex. 26, a. 8. Wanted little
to be stoned. Cf. also Ex. 25, 8. 9. Spoke tamely
(of) his treatment. 10. See note 6.
: confugio. Happened to be coming up : forte
accedebat. diropovvrcs TW irpcryficiTi : incerti quid age-
rent. irpcuos Xc-yciv TO ird0os : leniter de casu loqui.
VTcu)0a : deinde. O-K^VTI : tabernaculum.
voco. Translate i, 2, and 3 into Latin.
I" 1 2 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITIOA r
EXERCISE LVI.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 5, 9-14.
1 . On the whole, l it was evident that Cyrus
thought that, 2 if he 3 made a rapid advance, he
would take the king 4 off his guard. " If," said
he, " I proceed slowly, a large army will be
assembling for the king."
2. The skins that they used as coverings
were filled with hay, and 5 the edges brought
together and sewed up. With these the sol-
diers made floats, 6 on which they carried 7
supplies across the river from the town of
Charmande.
3. When the soldiers had been called to
arms, they stood with 8 their shields against
their knees; while the horsemen, 9 who were
mostly Thracians, advanced against Menon's
army, and frightened them so that they 10 knew
not what to do.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 113
i. See Ex. 53, note 2. 2. Cyrus's thought
was "If I make ... I shall take." 3. Ad-
vanced quickly. 4. Unprepared. 5. Omit "the
edges." 6. Cf. CTTI TOUTOU/. 7. " Carry across,"
&ia/3i/3a<t). 8. Having put. 9. Of whom the
most were. 10. See Ex. 55, note 4.
TO o-vfAirav : ad summam. Sid Tdxc'wv : celeriter. ir-
pav TOV Ev<|>paTou : ultra Euphratem. F//// their shields
against their knees : scutis ad genua positis. cunrfe : scu-
tum, -yovv : genu. What to do : quid agerent. Translate
3 into Latin.
H4 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LVII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 5, 15 6, i.
a. Dative of Respect. 1182; H. 780.
b. Tenses in Indirect Discourse. 1481 9; H.
852-6.
c. Future Perfect as emphatic Future. 1266 ;
H. 850, a.
d. Participle denoting Attendant Circumstance.
1563, 7; H. 969.
i. These generals did not know what they
J were doing. 2. And Cyrus told them that
2 they did not know what they were doing.
3. If they 3 get to fighting with each other,
Cyrus will be instantly slain. 4. "If," said
he, " I should be slain, you would be slain not
long 4 after me." 5. Klearchos, thinking that
the barbarians whom he saw would be more
hostile, came to himself. 6. 5 As they advanced,
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 115
they saw the trail of about two thousand horses.
7. 6 Everything useful was burned by them 5 as
they advanced. 8. Orontas had formerly been
at war with Cyrus. 9. But although recon-
ciled, he now plotted against him. 10. By
birth he was related to the noblest Persians.
i. Not the imperfect. 2. Observe that this
is the indirect form of OVK i'crre o rt Trotetrc.
See Ex. 30, d., and Ex. 39, d. 3. Join battle.
4. Much. 5. Not genitive absolute. 6. If
there was anything useful it was, etc.
You know not ivhat you are doing : nescitis quid agatis.
fJ.aX T l v crvvairmv : proelium committere. -ye'vei irpoo-TJKwv
pcuriXci : genere regi cognatus. 4v lavrw l-ycvcro : ad se
rediit. Translate 2 and 3 into Latin. Is " get " a real
present ?
n6 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LVIII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 6, 2-4.
a. Distinction between oirro? and oSe. 1005 ;
H. 696.
b. Adverb for Attributive Adjective. 952 ;
H. 641, a.
c. Infinitive with TOV after Verb of Hindrance.
1549; H - 9 6 3-
i. "If you would give me one thousand
horsemen, I would waylay those barbarians.
2. Some l of them I will kill and some l 1
will take alive. 3. And I will prevent them
from attacking us. 2 4. And from reporting to
the king that 3 they have seen your army."
5. 4 This is what Orontas said to Cyrus. 6. But
to the king he wrote a letter saying 5 that he
was coming to him. 7. "Tell your cavalry,"
said he, "to receive me as a friend." 8. Now
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 117
the man to whom he gave this letter gave it 5
to Cyrus. 9. Orontas was immediately arrested.
10. And seven of 6 Cyrus's staff were sum-
moned to his 7 tent. n. And the Greek hop-
lites were ordered to stand under arms around
the tent.
i. See Ex. 5, a. 2. Dative. 3. ort. 4. ravra
817. 5. Omit. 6. The [men] about Cyrus.
'7. Not ta
I 7vill prevent them from attacking us : prohibebo ne
nos adgrediantur. Wrote a letter saying that he was coming :
epistulam scripsit se venturum. Oc'crSai rd 6ir\a : armati
consistere. IvcSpcvo) : insidior. Some . . . others : alii . . .
alii. Translate i and 2 into Latin. In i what would the
imperfect subjunctive mean?
n8 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LIX.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 6, 5, 6.
a. Causal Relative. 1461; H. 910.
b. Infinitive of Purpose. 1532; 11.951.
c. TT/OOS with Genitive. 1216, i, a ; H. 805, i, a.
d. Partitive Genitive with Superlative. 1088 ;
H. 755, I'-
i. Klearchos was invited within l because
he was honored most of the Greeks. 2. 2 At
least it seemed so to Cyrus. 3. How the trial
of Orontas was conducted was no secret.
4. Cyrus wished to do what was just in the
sight of gods and men. 5. And therefore he
consulted with his friends. 6. He said that
his father had given Orontas to him to be his 3
vassal. 7. But after the king's death, 4 Arta-
xerxes ordered Orontas to make war on Cyrus.
8. At that time he held the citadel in Sardis.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 1 19
9. But 5 he deemed it best to cease fighting 6
against Cyrus. 10. Accordingly they 7 ex-
changed pledges.
i. Who. 2. To Cyrus at le,ast (ye) he seemed.
3. To him. 4. 0ai/a/ros. 5. It seemed best to him.
6. The war. 7. The Greek idiom is quite
different.
How: quo facto, irpos 0wv : apud deos. v-mrjKoov ctvcu
ijxoi : meo sub imperio esse. To cease fighting: desinere
pugnare. Kpuris: iudicium. diroppTiTov : arcanum. Trans-
late 3 and 7 into Latin. Was conducted: use facio. The
mood of the Greek verb is not here a guide for the Latin.
120 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LX.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 5, 15 6, 6.
1. About two thousand of the king's cavalry,
as it was conjectured from their tracks, went
on before, burning the provender and what-
ever 1 else was valuable.
2. Now Orontas, 2 one of the noblest Per-
sians in Cyrus's retinue, offered, 3 4 if Cyrus
would give him a thousand horsemen, to cap-
ture or kill these horsemen, and prevent them
5 from announcing to the king the approach 6
of Cyrus's army.
3. 7 And at the same time he sent a letter
to the king saying 8 9 that he would lead the
thousand to him. The messenger took the
letter and gave it to Cyrus, who immediately
arrested Orontas 10 with the avowed intention
of doing with u him 12 whatever should seem to
be right.
\ B R A /T
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION
121
i . If anything. 2 . Being among the nobJest
of the Persians ' about Cyrus. 3 . vTrto-^i/eo/xai ;
cf. Ex. 37, note 4. 4. See Ex. 32, note 4.
5. Cf . TOU Kaav. 6. <oSos. 7. a/^.a . 8. Omit.
9. Cf. OTL 17^01. 10. See Ex. 2, note 5. i r. 7re/ot.
12. In the direct form o n av SOKYJ.
Whatever else was valuable : si quid aliud erat utile. cl
Soil] : si sibi traderet. Translate the first sentence of
3 into Latin.
122 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXI.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 6, 7, 8.
a. Dative with Impersonate. 1161.
b. Interrogative Particles. 1603; H. 1015.
c. TTf.pi with Accusative. 1214, 3; H. 803, 3.
//. Participle denoting Concession. 1563, 6 ;
H. 969, e.
i. Cyrus asked Orontas l if there was 2 any
wrong that he had done him. 2. " Do you not
confess," said he, " 3 that you have not been
wronged by me ? " 3. And Orontas replied
that he had not been wronged by Cyrus 4 at all.
4. And that he had injured Cyrus's country
6 as much as he could. 5. Then Cyrus said
"Did you not repent 6 of having wronged
me?" \6. "I must 7 admit it," said Orontas.
7. " AltViough you admit this, 8 is it not evident
that you are still unjust to 9 me? 8. When
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 123
you said you were sorry, you seemed so 10 to
me. 9. If you were sorry, why did you plot
against me the third time?" 10. n To this
Orontas 12 made no reply.
X
i. Indirect question. The direct form is in
the text. 2. Whatever he had wronged (aorist)
him. 3. What construction follows " confess"?
4. "Not at all" : ouSeV. 5. Whatever. 6. Use
the participle. 7. dray/o/. 8. Are you not
evident being, etc.. 9. TTC/DI. 10. Omit. II.TT/JOS
12. Replied nothing.
d.SiKco Ttvd : iniuriam facio alicui. ptTap.\iv nvC :
aliquem paenitere. Do you not repent of having wronged
me ? nonne te paenitet iniuriam mihi fecisse ? Made no
reply : nihil respondit. Not . . . at all : nihil. ojioXcrye'co :
confiteor. Translate 2 and 3 into Latin.
124 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, T. 6, 9-11.
a. Genitive of the Part taken hold of. noo;
H. 738, a.
b. 7rt with Dative denoting Purpose. 1210, 2, r;
H. 799, 2, c.
c. 7rt with Accusative denoting Place. 1 2 1 o, 3, a ;
H. 799, 3, a.
i. Klearchos was the first 1 to declare his
opinion. 2. " Put this man out of the way as
soon as possible." 3. And all the others
agreed to this opinion. 4. After that Cyrus
bade them take Orontas by the girdle 2 in
tdken that he was to die. 5. Then he was led
out to execution. 6. Nevertheless 3 all the
Persians did him reverence, 4 although he was
being led to death. 7. Those to whom it was
appointed put him out of the way. 8. 5 Nor
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 125
does anybody know how he 6 was put to death.
9. It is said by some that he was buried 7
alive. 10. 8 Some say one thing, others another.
1 1 . But no man knoweth of his sepulchre unto 9
th^s day.
i . Klearchos first (adjective) declared. 2 . For
^ death. 3. o/xws. 4. Use the participle. 5. Double
the negative, ovSeV . . . ouSei's. 6. Died. 7. Baima.
8. Others say other \things~\. 9. ets.
Put this man out of the way : hunc virum e medio tol-
lite. By the girdle : zona. eiri 0av<xTw : ad mortem. Nor
does anybody know how he died : nee quisquam quomodo
interisset cognovit. Some say one thing, others another :
alii alia diciint. diro4>aivcD : declare. "yvw|iT| : sententia.
Turn i into Latin. Observe that the Latin idiom is the
same as the Greek.
126 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXIII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 7, 1-3.
a. Genitive of Cause. 1126; H. 744.
b. Assimilation and Attraction. 1031 8; H.
994, 995-
c. Future Participle denoting Intention. 1563,4;
H. 969, c.
d. OTTOS with Future Indicative in Commands,
etc. 1352-3; H. 886.
I. The king will come with a large army
1 ready to fight. 2. 2 Klearchos will lead the
right wing of Cyrus's army. 3. While Cyrus
will marshal his own mem 4. 8 The next
morning it was reported by deserters that 4 the
king was approaching. 5 5. Thereupon Cyrus
6 in person consulted with the Greek generals.
6. "You," said he, "are braver and mightier
than many barbarians. 7. And for this reason
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 127
1 have taken you as allies." 8. Then he con-
gratulated them on the freedom which they
enjoyed. 7 9. And said that he would prefer
that 8 to everything he had. 10. " See to it,"
said he, "that you are worthy of this freedom."
i. About to fight. 2. Use /xeV in 2 and 8e
in 3. 3. At the same time with the coming day.
4. ort. 5. Trpocrei/xi. 6. Himself. 7. Had ac-
quired. 8. Instead of all \things\ which he had.
TOVS eavrov : suos. ajxa TT[ liriovorg T)iJ.pa : prima luce
postridie. vjxds v8aifiovio> : vos beatos iudico. on TTJV
IXevGepLav \oi)XT]v av dv0' wv \a> irdvTwv : me libertatem
omnibus quae possideo anteferre. oirws ouv (T<r9 avSpcs
a^toi : quam -ob rem date operam ut viri digni sitis. ds
TTJV ciriovcrav T]fj.e'pav : in posterum diem. Translate i and
2 into Latin.
128 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXIV.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. ft, 7 7, 3.
1 . Orontas had never been wronged by Cyrus
1 at all, but he had revolted to the Mysians, and
injured Cyrus 2 all he could; but afterwards,
when he 3 came to know his power, he repented
and persuaded Cyrus 4 to exchange pledges
with him.
2. All this Orontas confessed, 5 and besides,
when 6 asked if he could now be friendly to
Cyrus and hostile to his brother, he said that
not even if he should become so, 6 should he
ever seem so 6 to Cyrus at least.
3. Upon this Orontas 7 was delivered over
to Artapates, the most faithful of the sceptre-
bearers, and no one afterwards ever saw him
either alive or dead.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION
129
i. /// nothing. 2. Whatever he was able.
3. Inceptive aorist. 4. To give pledges to him
and receive \them~\ from him. 5. TT/OOS S* Irt.
6. Omit. 7. Tra/ottSt'Sco/At.
To revolt: deficere. rots -irapovo-i : iis qui aderant.
ov8' el yvoi(XT]v, <rot -y* civ irore en So^aifxi : etiam si sim,
tibi quidem numquam posthac videar. Upon this: de-
inde. And no one: nee quisquam. Ever: umquam.
Translate 3 into Latin putting "servants" for "sceptre-
bearers." Turn either . . . or by nee . . . nee. Here the
Greek and the Latin agree.
130 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXV.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 7, 4-6.
a. Participle as Noun. 1560; H. 966.
b. Future Conditions, less vivid. 1408; H. 900.
c. Construction after <>7/u, eiTroi/, Ae'yw. 1523 ;
H. 946, b.
d. Dative of Agent with Verbals in -rc'os. 1188;
H. 769, b.
i. Cyrus knew into what sort of a contest
they were going. 2. He told the Greeks that the
barbarians advanced with aloud 1 shout. 3. " 2 It
seems to me," said he, "that you are coura-
geous men. 4. I, 3 for my part, am ashamed
of the men 4 5 in my father's realm. 5. For
you will find these men to be very cowardly. 6
6. I promise to make you objects of envy to
7 your friends at home. 7. If you should wish
to go home, you would be envied. 8. Many
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 13 l
of you, as I think, will prefer life 8 with me
to that 8 at home." 9. Now Cyrus 9 made
many promises 10 because he was in danger.
10. n Whoever of them wished went home.
i. Much. 2. Use the personal construc-
tion. 3. ye. 4. Causal dative. 5. Supply
" being." 6. SeiAo'?. 7. The [ones]. 8. The
[f kings']. 9. Promised many [things']. 10. On
account of the being. 1 1 . The \pnes\ wishing.
With a loud shout : magno cum clamore. I am ashamed
of the men : hominum me pudet. TOIS OIKOI : iis qui domi
sunt. 8ia TO clvcu : quod erat. Whoever of them wished:
quicumque voluerunt. ol'icaSe aimvcu : domum abire.
olos : qualis. d-ytuv : certamen. Translate i and ^ into
Latin. Be careful about the mood of " were going."
132 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXVI.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 7, 7-10.
a. Indirect Questions. 1479 5 H. 930.
b. Indirect Reflexives. 987; H, 683, a, 685.
c. Questions of Appeal (Deliberative). 1358;
H. 866, 3.
il. Object Clauses with Verbs of Fear. 1378,
1364; H. 887.
i. We must 1 conquer 2 in order to make our
friends masters of the country. 2. What shall
I give to the Greeks, 3 if we are successful ?
3. Cyrus did not fear that he should not have
4 enough to give to his friends. 4. To each of
the soldiers he said he would give a golden
crown. 5. " And what shall we have," said
the generals, "if we are victorious ? " 6. They
demanded to know what they should have.
7. They feared that he would not satisfy their
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 133
expectations. 8. O Cyrus, 5 do not fight' 6 in
person, but take post in the rear of the line. 7
9. Do you think, O Cyrus, that you will get 8
this without fighting? 10. " No, 9 by Zeus,"
said Cyrus.
i. Sa. 2. A purpose clause with OTTO)?.
3. If it turns out well. 4. Whatever he might
give. 5. See Ex. 26, a. 6. airros. 7. <aAay.
8. Take. 9. See Ex. 42, 4.
av u yVT]Tat : si bene res se habuerit. Cyrus did not
fear that he should not have enough to give: Cyrus non id
metuit ut (ne non) quod daret haberet. dp.axi : sine
pugna. v rf) e^o-TrX-uria : in procinctu. Translate 4 and 8
into Latin. " To take post ": consisto.
134 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXVII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 7, 11-14.
a. Dative of Time. 1192; H. 782.
b. Accusative of Extent. 1062; H. 720.
c. Genitive of Comparison. 1120; H. 749.
d. VTTO with Genitive of Agent. 1219,^; H. 808, i, b.
i . Artagerses commanded six thousand horse-
men. 2. These he marshalled before the king
himself. 3. But l those who marched from Phoi-
nikia came too late for the battle. 4. Many
deserted from the great king to Cyrus before
the battle. 5. By these deserters the number
of the enemy was reported to Cyrus. 6. And
there were said to be also two hundred scythe-
bearing chariots in the great king's army.
7. And after the battle 2 the same story was
told. 8. The whole army of Cyrus was drawn
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 135
up in line. 9. 3 It was said that there were
eight hundred thousand men. 10. And thus
they marched three parasangs. 1 1 . For Cyrus
thought that 4 the battle 5 would take place on
that day. 12. But neither on that day nor on
the next 6 did the battle take place.
i . The \pnes\ having marched. 2 . The same
\things\ were reported. 3. Use the personal
construction. 4. Not on. 5. Would be. 6.
irpo TTIS K'&X'ns : ante proelium. irapc-yevovro cv rff
proelio interfuerunt. The same story was told: eadem
nuntiabantur. Marshal: instruo. Translate 2, 9, and 1 1
into Latin. Be careful about the position of enim, and about
the thai-clause*
136 BEGIXA'EITS GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXVIII.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
' AMUMMM, E. 7, 4-M-
1. Gaulites, who * happened to be present,
said that Cyrus made many promises 2 which
he would not be able to fulfil, even if he remem-
bered them. 3
2. But Cyrus declared* that he desired to
fulfil 5 all his promises, and would be able 3 to
do so, 2 if he conquered his brother. " For
then," said he, " all my father's realm will be
mine, 6 and I shall have 7 enough to give to my
friends."
3. "And if the Greeks demand to know
what they shall have, in case of success, tell
them that I will give to each of the soldiers a
golden crown, and to each of the generals and
captains a province 8 to rule over."
FOR WRITTEN TRAXSLATIOX
137
i. See Ex. I, c. 2. See Ex. 39, d. 3. Omit.
4. Said. 5. As many [things] as he promised.
7-
6. Tome. 7. Cf. Ex. 66,3. 8. See Ex. 19, <7.
Cyrus made many promises : Cyrus multa pollicitus est.
ij opx*) *! *Tp^'a : paternum regnum. I shall have enough
to give: babe bo quod dem. Happened to be present: forte
aderat. Fulfil: praesto. Even if: etiam si. Remember:
memini. Translate I into Latin.
dopara.
138* BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXIX.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 7, 15-20.
a. Attributive Participle. 1559; H. 965.
b. Genitive with Adverbs. 1200,1220511.7568.
c. Future Indicative in Protasis. 1405; 11.899.
d. Genitive of Measure. 1093, 1094,5; H. 728,
729, //.
i. The Median Wall extends as far as the
ditch. 2. Between the wall and the canal a that
flows from the Tigris river is a narrow way.
3. This pass is about twenty-three feet wide.
4. Here Cyrus gave the Ambrakiot soothsayer
ten talents. 5. " If," said the soothsayer, " the
king does not retreat within five day^s, he will
not retreat at all." 6. Now they had not seen
the king when the five days had passed.
7. But 2 it became evident that the king was
retreating. 8. For there were many tracks of
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 139
men and horses. 9. So that 2 it was said that
he had given up the idea of fighting. 10. If
the king has given up the idea of fighting,
there is no need 3 of keeping the men in line.
i. Use participle. 2. The personal con-
struction is better. 3. Set.
TTJS T<x<|>pov : usque ad fossam. (xerajv TOV iroTa-
(JLOV KCLI TTJS Ta<(>pov : inter fluvium et fossam. OLVT* epvfjta-
TOS : pro munitione. A r ot . . . at all : omnino non. aire-
yvwKvat TOV (Adx<r9at : consilium pugnandi abiecisse.
Soothsayer: haruspex. Retreat: recede. Pass : praetereo.
Translate 5 and 6 into Latin. Do not turn "does retreat"
by the present indicative.
140 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXX.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 8, 1-5. '
d. Dative of Approach. 1175; H. 772.
b. Article for Possessive. 949; 11.658.
c. /Ae'AAo with Infinitive. 1254; H. 846.
d. Dative of Accompaniment. 1189; 1^.774.
i. It was about full-market time when the
army halted. 2. Cyrus had intended to halt at
the station, which was near. 3. There Pategyas
J rode up at full speed with his horse in a
sweat to report to Cyrus. 4. And cries out :
" The king has prepared himself for battle.
5. And is advancing with a large force."
6. The soldiers heard him shouting this 2 in
Persian and in Greek. 7. 3 Then it was that
Cyrus jumped down from his chariot and
mounted 4 his horse. 8. And all took their
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 14*
places in line in great haste. 9. For they
feared 5 that the king would fall upon them
while 6 in disorder. 10. Proxenos 7 was next to
Klearchos. 8 n. Near the river Klearchos fell
in with some 6 Paphlagonian horsemen.
i. vTreXaww. 2. Put first in the sentence.
3. ZvOa 877. 4. Went up tipon. 5.
See Ex. 30, c. 6. Omit. 7. Cf.
8. Genitive.
ISpovvri TW iiriru) : equo sudante. dvapcuveiv cirl TOV
I-ITTTOV : ascendere in equum. x6(ivos rtvos : proximus
alicui. Trpo<rpxoji,ai : advenio. eirfirtirTw : adorior. ara-
KTOS : inordinatus. Translate 4, 5, and 9 into Latin. "Them "
= themselves.
142 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXI.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 8, 6-10.
a. Dative of Degree. 1184; H. 781.
b. Co? with Participle. 1574; H. 978.
c. /caret with Distributive force. 1211, 2, c ;
H. 800, 2, d.
i. Cyrus had about six hundred horsemen
fully l armed. 2. All had breastplates, greaves,
and helmets. 3. But Cyrus is said 2 to have
had on his head a tiara 8 4 instead of a helmet.
4. So that his head was unprotected when he
took his position for the battle. 5. In the
afternoon the enemy appeared. 6. First a
mass of dust, and sometime later a kind of
blackness. 7. After this 5 there was a glimmer
of bronze. 8. And then the whole army 6 came
into full view. 9. All the barbarians were
arranged nation by nation in solid 7 squares.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION
143
10. They had a great many scythe-armed chari-
iots, as I have said before, n. The design of
the scythe-armed chariots was 8 to cut through
the ranks of the Greeks.
i. Express by a prefix. 2. Aorist infinitive.
3. Tidpa. 4. OLVTL. 5. Some bronze glimmered.
6. Was in sight. 7. Full of men. 8. As about
to cut through.
cov TT]V Ke<j>a\T]v : capite nudo. KaTa<|>avTJs :
in conspectu. Kara '6vi] : per gentes. v ir\ai<rta) : ag-
mine quadrate. o<rov : circiter. |OTT\ 0(10.1 : me armo.
consisto. Translate I and 4 into Latin.
144 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXII.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 7, 15 8, 10.
1. *Ten days before, Silanos told Cyrus that
the king 2 would not fight within ten days; and
accordingly Cyrus promised to give him three
thousand darics, 2 if he should prove to have
spoken the truth. Now Silanos was a sooth-
sayer, and of course he told the truth.
2. So Cyrus thought that the king had given
up the idea of fighting, and many of the soldiers
put their arms on wagons or pack-animals, and
all were marching rather carelessly, when sud-
denly 3 it was announced by Pategyas that the
king was approaching 4 in battle array.
3. Then there was great confusion. The
generals and soldiers armed themselves in all 5
haste and took their positions, each in 6 his
appointed 7 place. The Greeks were stationed
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 145
near the river, and Ariaios next to them, and
after him Cyrus with his Persians.
i. On the eleventh day from that day. 2. In
what two ways may this be rendered ?
3. laL<f>vr)<>. 4. Not to be translated literally.
5. Much. 6. Into. 7. Omit.
pwv : diebus decem. T]p.\T]p.eva>s |id\Xov : negle-
gentius. T^hey took their positions each in his appointed
place : suo quisque loco constiterunt. at<|>vT]s : impro-
viso. Translate 2 into Latin. " Had given up," etc. ; see
note on Ex. 69. " It was announced " ; use renuntio. " In
battle array " : prepared for battle.
146 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXIII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 8, 11-15.
a. Dative of Agent. 1186; H. 769.
b. Dative of Respect. 1182; H. 780.
c. to? with Infinitive. 1456; H. 1054, -/]
d. Perfect as vivid Future. 1264; H. 848.
i. The Greeks did not 1 have to endure the
shouting of the barbarians. 2. For they did
not shout 2 3 at all, but advanced in silence.
3. If Klearchos leads his force against the
centre of the enemy, 4 our whole work is done.
4. But certainly 5 he will remain near the river.
5. For he does not wish to be surrounded by
the enemy. 6. And he is afraid that the
enemy 6 will surround him, if he draws off the
right wing from the river. 7. " I will take
care," said he, "that it 7 shall be all right."
8. The barbarians are far 8 superior in num-
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 14?
bers 9 to the Greeks. 10 9. At this juncture
Cyrus rode along so as to take a survey of
both armies. 10. There Xenophon met him,
and asked him n if the omens were favorable.
I. Use avdyKrj. 2. <$yyo/xcu. 3. crt. 4. All
has been done by us. 5. //.eVroi. 6. Not the
future. 7. Subjunctive. 8. TTO\V. 9. Singu-
lar. 10. Genitive. n. Cf. ei rt TrapayyeXAot.
cri-yfi : cum silcntio. irdvO' TJ|JLIV Treirolr\TO.i : omnia a
nobis perfecta erunt. direKpivaTO OTL avrw p.\oi OTTCOS
KaXcos C'XQI : respondit curae sibi futurum ut res bene se
haberet. TJpero ct TI irapa-yy^Xot : quaerebat num quid
imperaret. diroo-irdci) : abstraho. KVK\6o> : circumeo.
Translate 6 into Latin. Draws off: not present indicative.
148 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXIV.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 8, 16-20.
a. Trpiv with Infinitive. 1470-1; H. 955.
b. Partitive Apposition. 914; H. 624, d.
c. Mood and Tense in Indirect Questions. 1481 ;
H. 932.
d. Conditional Relative: General Supposition,
Past Time. 1431, 2; H. 914, B (2).
i. Cyrus heard the watchword passing along.
2. " Who gave out the watchword?" asked he,
"and what is it?" 3. After Klearchos told
him what the watchword was, he said that he
accepted it. 4. Before the Greeks moved for-
ward 1 to meet the foe, they sang the paean.
5. The two lines were now three or four
stades apart. 2 6. The Greeks did not advance
silently, but shouted. 7. And whenever the
chariots rushed through the lines, the men
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 149
opened ranks. 8. Some of the men opened
ranks, and some were frightened 3 out of their
wits. 9. 4 But not a single one even of these
suffered any harm at all. 10. Except that a
certain one on the left was shot with an arrow.
i. To go against (adj.). 2. From each other.
3. Expressed in the prefix of the verb. 4. Use
negatives freely.
Not a single one even of these suffered any harm at all :
nemo unus etiam ex his quidquam omnino passus est.
Before the Greeks moved forward ': priusquam Graeci pro-
cederent. <rvv6T]jta : tessera. Translate 3 into Latin.
150 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXV.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 8, 21-25.
a. eis denoting Purpose. 1207, d '; H. 796, c.
b. avrds as a Reflexive Pronoun. 992 ; H. 684, a.
c. av-ros as an Intensive Pronoun. 989; H. 680.
//. Infinitive depending on a Preposition. 1546;
H. 958-
I. Cyrus was glad 1 when the Greeks de-
feated 2 the force that was opposite them.
2. At that time 3 his attendants saluted him
as king. 3. But not even then 4 did he pursue
the enemy. 4. 5 Because 6 he was watching to
see what the king would do. 5. Now the bar-
barian commanders think they are in the safest
position in the centre of 7 their own force.
6. And also, if they 8 issue any order, the army
hears it in half the time. 7. If their force is
on both sides of them, they are safe. 8. If
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 151
their force should be on both sides of them,
they would be safe. 9. But Cyrus was afraid
that the king would get in his rear. 10. For
he had wheeled as if for the purpose of encir-
cling him. ii. He slew Artagerses, the com-
mander of the six thousand, with his own hand.
12. The six hundred having started in pursuit,
only his table companions were left about him.
i. The Greeks having defeated. 2. The
\_force~] opposite them. 3. The \meri\ about him.
4. Thus. 5. Use participle. 6. "He was
watching to see " : express by one word.
7. Themselves. 8. Order anything.
ov8* ws : ne sic quidem. [To see] what the king would
do : quid rex facturus esset. v do-^aXeo-TaTw : in tutis-
simo. T]|xuri xpovw : tempore dimidio breviore. Safe:
tutus. On both sides: ab utraque parte. Translate 5 and
8 into Latin. Now : autem. In 8 do not use the imperfect
subjunctive.
152 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXVI.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 8, 11-25.
1. When Cyrus said that the barbarians
advanced with a loud shout, he was deceived.
For J it was the Greeks who shouted when
they went into the battle, while the barbarians,
in this battle 2 at least, came forward as silently
as they could.
2. The Greeks always sing a paean 3 before
4 raising the war-cry, and then, shouting eAeAev
to Enyalios, they charge the enemy. Some-
times also they beat their spears against their
shields 5 to frighten the horses.
3. Now the barbarians, seeing the Greeks
approaching, and hearing their shouts, were
frightened out of their wits, and turned and
fled 3 before a weapon was thrown. Then the
Greeks pursued them with all their might.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 153
i. Express the emphasis by the position of
the emphatic word ; also add Srj. 2. ye. 3. Cf.
Trplv TO^evpz e^iKvticrOai. 4. dAaAaeo. 5. Use
the participle that denotes purpose.
As silently as they could : quanto maxime silentio pote-
rant. To frighten the horses : ut terrorem equis incute-
rent. Kara Kpdros : totis viribus. Shouts : clamor.
Weapon: telum. Throw: conicio. "Seeing": when they
154 BEGINNERS GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXVII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 8, 26 9, 4.
a. Infinitive with Adjectives. 1526; H. 952.
I). Accusative of Specification. 1058; H. 718.
c. Participle in Indirect Discourse. 1494; H. 982.
d. Infinitive in Indirect Discourse. 1495 ; H. 946.
i. Discerning the crowd about the king,
Cyrus could l not restrain himself. 2. But
rushed upon him, and struck him in the breast.
3. Ktesias, the surgeon, dressed the king's
wound. 4. And he can tell how many of the
king's attendants were slain. 5. Eight of the
noblest of 2 Cyrus's suite, while fighting 3 in
his defence, were slain. 6. Artapates, when
he saw that Cyrus was dead, drew his sword
and killed himself. 7. Those who were 4 inti-
mately acquainted with Cyrus say that he was
worthy to rule. 8. And that even in his boy-
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 155
hood he was best of all in everything. 9. At
the court of the king he neither saw nor heard
anything base. 10. Some are honored by the
king, and some are dishonored.
i. Did. 2. The \_men~\ about Cyrus. 3. Use
V7Tp. 4. Cf.
Could not restrain himself: se non continuit. oirocroi
TWV d(A<|>l pcuriXc'a : quot ex iis qui circa regem erant.
ir6i5T] jreirTWKOTa elSc Kvpov : postquam Cyrum cecidisse
vidit. ere -ircus wv : cum puer adhuc esset. <TTI<|>OS : den-
sum agmen. Attendants : comites. Translate I and 4 into
Latin. In i begin the sentence with " Cyrus." In 4 be
careful about the mood of the dependent sentence.
156 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXVIII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis, I. 9, 5-12.
a. Genitive with Adjectives. 1139-42; H. 753.
b. General Suppositions. 1393, i, 2; H. 894, i, 2.
c. 7T6 with Genitive denoting Time. 1210, i, b ;
H. 799, i, c.
i. Cyrus x had the reputation of being very
well trained in archery-. 2. Against wild animals
he was venturesome. 3. Once a bear rushed
upon him and dragged him off his horse.
4. But he grappled with the bear and slew
it. 5. And he still has the scars 2 of the
wounds he then received. 6. Cyrus deemed it
of the utmost importance to obey his elders.
7. 8 If he made any promise to any one, he
never 4 proved false. 8. 5 If he makes a promise
to any one, he never proves false. 9. 8 If he
once became friendly to any one, he never
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 157
abandoned him. 10. Consequently many of
the men of our time entrusted their property
and even their persons to him. 11. The
Milesians preferred 6 Tissaphernes to Cyrus.
i. Seemed to be. 2. Of what \things\ he
then suffered. 3. Past general supposition.
4. Which negative? 5. Present general sup-
position. 6. Cf. Kvpoi/ . . . dvrt Ti(7(ra</>e'/ovous.
irpos TOL 0r|pia <|>i\oKiv8vv6TaTos : contra feras ad peri-
cula subeunda promptissimus. irepl irXcurrou TroicurOcu :
plurimi facere. i! TW VTTOO-XOITO TI : si cui aliquid polli-
cebatur. Kvpov i\ovro OLVTI 5\<r<reu|>'pvovs : Cyrum Tis-
sapherni praetulerunt. TO, [ikv ciraOev, wv : volnera acce-
pit, quorum. \|/i)8ojjLat : fidem fallo. Translate 7 into
Latin.
IS 8 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXIX.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 9, 13-20.
a. Adjective as Noun. 932; H. 621.
b. Participle denoting Condition. 1563, 5 ;
H. 969, d.
c. Neuter Adjective as Cognate Accusative.
1054; H. 716.
d. Indicative for Optative in General Supposi-
tions. 1395, 1432; H. 894, c.
i. One would say that under 1 the govern-
ment of Cyrus the good were 2 in a high state
of prosperity. 2. 3 One might go in safety
wherever he pleased, 3 if he did no wrong.
3. But 4 bad men were often seen deprived of
feet, hands, or eyes. 4. The brave in war were
preeminently honored by Cyrus. 5. Whenever
he saw any one brave in war, he honored him.
6. Therefore it was possible to see a great
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 159
number 5 of men willing to incur danger for
Cyrus. 7. 6 It was not on account of their
monthly pay that generals and captains served
him. 8. But because they found it to be more
profitable not 7 to demand pay. 9. If any one
proved to be a skilful steward, he never went 8
unrewarded. 10. Cyrus never envied 9 any one
whom he saw getting gain openly.
i. In. 2. Most prosperous. 3. Express in
two ways. 4. The bad. 5. Abundance. 6. Ex-
press the emphasis by the position of the
phrase. 7. What negative goes with the infi-
nitive? 8. Was. 9. Whomever.
One woztld say: dicas. rye'vcro iropevecrGcu : licebat iter
facere. iroSwv o-Tpop.vovs : pedibus privates. TO Kara
jjLTlva Kp8os : menstruum stipendium. els (as regards] 8t-
Kcuocrvviiv : quod attinet ad iustitiam. W<TT <j>aiv<r0ai . . .
aiov : ut videretur aequum iudicare. Prosperous : bea-
tus. Translate i and 3 into Latin.
160 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXX.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 8, 269, 20.
1 . l It is agreed by all 2 who were intimately
acquainted with Cyrus that he was the most
worthy to rule of all the Persians since Cyrus
the elder. For he was wise and modest, and
he had learned 8 in his youth that a ruler must
know 4 also how to obey. 5
2. When he became satrap of Lydia and
Phrygia, he soon showed himself to be faithful
to all 6 who served him well. Consequently
many preferred him to Tissaphernes, with
whom he was at war.
3. But if any persons 7 wronged him in any
way, he made it of great importance to punish
these 8 with the utmost severity, for he fre-
quently deprived them of their feet, hands or
eyes, and sometimes put them to death.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION
161
i. Use the personal construction, recasting
the sentence. 2. See Ex. 77, note 4. 3. Being
still a boy. 4. ot8a. 5. Be ruled. 6. Use
participle. 7. Omit. 8. Most unsparingly of
all.
Kal apx<r0at : imperare et parere. Kvpco
: Cyro recte parere ; or Cyri dicto recte
audientes esse. d<f>i8<rTaTa irdvTwv rifxcopetcrOai : seve-
rissime animadvertere [in eos]. Translate the first sen-
tence of 2 into Latin.
1 62 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXXI.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 9, 21-28.
a. Infinitive with the Article as Subject. 1542;
H. 959.
b. Genitive with Verbs signifying to Taste, etc.
1102 ; H. 742.
c. Infinitive with the Article as Dative of Respect.
; H - 959-
i. Cyrus 1 used to distribute gifts to his
friends, whenever 2 he saw that they needed 3
them. ' 2. About personal adornments, he said
that he could not use 4 all that were sent to
him. 3. But he did wish to see his friends
well dressed. 4. It is not at all surprising
5 that he thought friends well dressed were the
best ornament for him. 5. And his 6 surpass-
ing others in the desire to oblige is 7 particu-
larly admirable. 6. Whenever he sent wine to
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 163
his friends, he 8 requested them to drink it with
those whom they loved best. 7. Whenever he
was pleased with his wine, he wished his friends
to have a taste of it. 8. And he did not even
wish horses to go hungry. 9. For he often
sent around fodder for them, when he was able
to provide it. 10. Certainly no one was loved
by more persons 9 than Cyrus was. 9
i. What tense expresses this idea? 2. ore.
3. Use participle. 4. x/oao/mi. 5. The think-
ing, etc. 6. The. 7. Cf . /xaAAoi/ dyao-ra. 8. Cf.
Setrat <rov. 9. Omit.
TO irepuivai TWV <|>i\ttv : quod superabat amicos. <rya-
o-ra : admiranda. He requested them : eos rogabat. TOVTWV
YcvtrcurOcu : haec gustare. OUITOS <|nXtov wVro SeicrGcu : ami-
cis opus sibi esse existimabat. oirov 8e \iXos o-rrdvios
irdw 'I'T] : ubicunque pabulum admodum rarum erat.
Certainly : profecto. Translate i and 10 into Latin.
164 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXXII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 9, 29 1O, 4.
a. Genitive with Verbs of Obtaining, etc. 1099;
H. 739-
b. Infinitive with av for Optative with av. 1494;
H. 964, a.
c. Participle denoting Attendant Circumstance.
!5 6 3 75 H - 9 6 9-
d. Infinitive as Object (not in Indirect Discourse).
1519; H. 948.
, i. Orontas is said to have tried to desert
from Cyrus to the king. 2. But no one else, 1
either 2 Greek or 2 barbarian, ever 3 deserted him.
3. For these all thought that they would be
honored more by Cyrus than by the king.
4. "If we are brave," said they, "we shall
obtain fitting honor." 5. "If we should 4 prove
ourselves brave, we should obtain honor."
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 165
6. Ariaios did not particularly love Cyrus, and
5 the following is a proof of it. 7. When
Cyrus fell, Ariaios fled with his whole army.
8. While 6 all his faithful friends died fighting
over 7 his dead body. 9. Then the king ordered
Cyrus's head and right hand to be cut off.
10. And after that he marched to Cyrus's
camp and plundered it.
i. Other. 2. ovrc . . . ovre. 3. TTOTC. 4. Be-
come. 5. TOVTO or roSe ? 6. 8e. 7. Him having
fallen.
TK(XT|piov TOVTOV Kdl ToSe : cuius re! hoc quoque argu-
mentum est. vircp Kvipov : pro Cyro. d-iroT(ivci) : abs-
cido. dirrfei and dirnXOe : transfugi^bat. Kal OVTOS 8^j :
atque hie profecto. Translate 3 and 9 into Latin. That
they would be honored ; use fore ut, etc.
1 66 BEGINNERS GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXXIII.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 1O, 5-10.
a. Alternative Questions. 1606; H. 1017.
b. Genitive Absolute. 1152, 1568; H. 970.
c. Interrogative Subjunctive represented by Opta-
tive. 1490; H. 932, 2 (2).
i. The Greeks, having defeated the force 1
opposite them, 2 started in pursuit. 2. But
Klearchos deliberated 3 as to whether he should
pursue the enemy or go back to the camp.
3. " 4 Shall I pursue or go back?" 4. The
king also deliberated 3 as to whether he should
5 face about or move forward. 5. For many of
his men had deserted to the Greeks in the battle.
6. 6 As Tissaphernes was advancing along the
river, the Greeks shot at his men. 7. Here
he 7 got the worst of it, 8 and did not kill any
Greek at all. 8. But, having met the king at
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 167
the Greek camp, he marched along with him.
9. Now the Greeks feared that they might be
cut off on both sides. 10. So they 9 wheeled
round and put the river in their rear.
i. Omit. 2. Went pursuing. 3. Omit " as
to." 4. Interrogative (deliberative) subjunc-
tive. 5. o-Tpt<l><a. 6. Genitive absolute. 7. Cf.
/xetov XGJI/. 8. Nor (ovSe) did he kill no Greek.
9. Folded back the wing.
Whether he should pursue or go back: utrum insequere-
tur an abiret. On both sides: ex utraque parte. Put the
river iji their rear: a tergo flumen reliquerunt. els TO
irp6cr0v : ulterius. et irejAirotev : mitterentne. 8ia<rT<xvTs :
ordinibus laxatis. Cut off: intercludo. Translate 5 and
9 into Latin.
1 68 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXXIV.
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 1 <. 1 1 - 19.
a. Adverbial Accusative. 1060; H. 719.
b. Optative in Causal Sentences. 1506511.925,^.
c. Genitive with Verbs of Fulness and Want.
1112; H. 743.
i. The Greeks halted at a certain village,
beyond which was a hill. 2. This hill was
covered not with infantry but with cavalry.
3. There the royal ensign was seen. 4. * So
that the Greeks knew that the king's army had
rallied there. 2 5. But finally the enemy aban-
doned the hill, some one way and some another.
6. Then Lykios was sent to 3 ascertain 4 the
situation beyond the hill. 7. During all this
time Cyrus nowhere appeared. 8. And Klear-
chos wondered that he heard nothing 5 from
him. 9. He had fallen in the battle, but the
FOR ORAL TRANSLATION 169
Greeks did not know it. 6 10. For they had
gone in pursuit of the left wing of the bar-
barian army. 1 1 . When they came back to
their camp they found neither food nor drink.
12. For the king had plundered the wagons in
which were the barley and wine.
i. wore with indicative. 2. avrov. 3. mi.
4. The \things\. 5. Genitive of source.
6. Omit.
The hill was covered with cavalry : collis equitibus im-
pletus est. oXXoi oXXoGev : alii ex alia parte. He wondered
that he heard nothing : mirabatur se nihil audire or quod
nihil audiret. Rally: se conligere. TO, virp TOV \6<)>ov :
quae erant supra collem. Translate 4 and 6 into Latin.
I 70 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXXV.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Anabasis I. 9, 21 1O, 19.
1. The troops of Artaxerxes 1 got into the
camp of Cyrus and 2 began to plunder it 3 with-
out resistance. Even the women in Cyrus's train
4 fell into their power, except that one, a Mile-
sian, after being captured, escaped to the
Greeks who had been left in the .camp 5 to
guard the baggage.
2. While Artaxerxes was thus stripping the
Cyreian camp, Tissaphernes fell in with him,
after having charged through 6 between the
Greek peltasts and the river. At this time
7 there was a distance of about thirty stades
between him and Klearchos, 8 so far had 9 the
latter advanced in pursuit of the Persian fugi-
tives.
3. 10 Apprised, however, that the king's troops
had been victorious on the left and centre, and
FOR WRITTEA r TRANSLATION 171
11 were masters of the camp, but not yet know-
ing 12 of Cyrus's death, Klearchos 13 marched
back his troops, and met the enemy's forces
also returning.
i. Arrived at. 2. Were plundering. 3. No one
opposing (KwAiW). 4. Were captured. 5. Guard-
ing. 6. //,erav. 7. Recast the sentence.
8. rocrovToi/. 9. OVTOS. 10. Klearchos, when
he had learned, etc. n. /c/oareV 12. Not
literal. 13.
Withoiit resistance ; nullo resistente. 8i'<rxov
fkuriXevs T Kal ot "EXX-pvcs ws rpiaKovra a-rdSia : rex atque
Graeci inter se stadia circiter triginta distabant.
I7 2 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXXVI.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Klearchos encourages the Greeks.
NOTE. In this and the following exercises, the references
are to the Anabasis.
a. Expressions of a Wish. 1507,1511; H. 870-1.
b. Suppositions contrary to Fact. 1397 ; H. 895.
c. Exhortations and Prohibitions. 1344-46 ; H.
866, i, 2.
Several of the necessary words and constructions
occur in II. I, 4 and 12 ; III. 2, 6.
When the messenger had spoken, Klearchos
stood up and said: <fl To be sure, it is not the
part of a wise man to desire that which is
impossible ; still, 2 would that Artaxerxes had
died instead of Cyrus. 3 In that case we should
now be as 4 happy as 5 the great king himself.
But although Cyrus is dead, it is possible for
us to get back in safety to Hellas, if we prove 6
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 173
ourselves brave men. Therefore be not 7 down-
hearted, fellow-soldiers, but 8 cheer up. May
the gods save you and me from all perils, and
may you see your wives and children, whom
you left behind. But what 9 to do now ? Let
us announce to Ariaios that <we are victorious,
and so, were Cyrus alive, we would make him
king. But Ariaios shall be king, if he comes
to us, for it belongs to the victor to rule."
When they had heard those words both generals
and soldiers, 10 as was natural, were much less
despondent.
i. /xcV. 2. Se. 3. OUT u>s, representing a pro-
tasis = " if he had died." 4. oja-rrep. 5. KOL.
6. Don't try to think of a word for "prove."
Translate the thought. 7. III. 2, 18. 8. I.
3, 8. 9. See Ex. 66, c. 10. II. 2, 19.
174 BEGINNERS GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXXVII.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
The Speech of Theopompos.
Study the uses of jjLrj, ^rj ov, and ov ^ in the
Grammar. Study also the uses of /^ in I.
3, 10 ; I. 4, 18 ; II. I, 12 ; II. 3, 10 ; II. 4,
17 ; III. 5, n. Of rf ot in I. 7, 7 ; II. 3,
II. Of ov pr) in II. 2, 12.
"Do not think, messengers of the great
king, that we will deliver up our arms, unless
we wish to rob ourselves of the only good
things which we have. If we keep these,
surely the king will not be able to prevent l
our marching through his plains and cities, and
carrying off what we wish, so that we may not
return home empty-handed. 2 Does he intend,
as you say, to break up the bridges, so that we
may not cross the rivers ? Then we will seize
his boats ; for I do not fear, fellow-soldiers,
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 175
that we may not be able to do this, to injure
him in other ways, and to escape beyond his
reach, if not to get off by stealth, as Xenias
and Pasion did. Therefore, my friends, let us
send these messengers off with this answer :
' Say to your king that we will not deliver
up our arms, and that, brave men as we pro-
fess 3 -to be, we should be ashamed not to keep
them/ "
I. See Ex. 58, C. 2. /cevos. 3. fv^pfjuu.
I7 6 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXXVIII.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
The Greeks in Perplexity.
a. Interrogative Words. 1600, 1603-6; H. 278,
1015, 1017.
b. Indirect Questions and Quotations, 1476,
1479-86; H. 930,^
It has been related in the preceding narra-
tive l that Cyrus was killed, though the Greeks
had defeated 2 the force opposed to them. Now
what they should do, they did not know.
They had learned 8 the nature of the country
between the Tigris and the canal; for after
the battle Klearchos had sent for one of the
deserters 4 from the great king and asked him
whether there were villages full of provisions,
and whether they could cross the rivers. The
man on being questioned answered that he
thought the undertaking would be impracti-
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 177
cable. 5 Then Proxenos said, for he happened
to be present, that he had heard that the enemy
had no boats, so as to prevent 6 their crossing.
"But where 7 shall we get boats?" asked
Xenophon. " 8 Shall we not have to swim 9
the rivers ? But, by Zeus, unless 10 I am mis-
taken, 11 there are some of us who 12 don't know
how to swim." Thereupon all laughed, 13 but
poor 14 Proxenos 15 hung his head, for he per-
ceived that he had talked nonsense. 16
i. II. i, i. 2. I. 10, 5. 3. Of what
sort. 4. I. 7, 2. 5. I. 2, 21. 6. I. 3, 16.
7. Whence. 8. Will it not be necessary ? 9. i/e'oo.
10. ct /x?;. ii. 1.8,11. 12. Cannot. 13. ye-
Aaco. 14. SeiAos. 15. Was despondent, d^
16. I. 3, 17-
178 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE LXXXIX.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Episthenes and the Thracian Lad.
Now l there was a certain Olynthian, who,
seeing a handsome boy carrying a shield and
a spear, ran up to Xenophori and begged 2 him
to save the youth. "For," said he, "I love
beautiful boys, and Seuthes is about to put
him to death, unless you rescue him." So 3
Xenophon went to Seuthes and begged him
not to slay the boy, for the sake of the Olyn-
thian. Thereupon Seuthes asked, " 4 Should
you, Episthenes," for that was the name of the
Olynthian, "be willing to die for this boy?"
At once Episthenes stretched out his neck 5 and
said, " Strike, if the boy bids you, and will 6 be
grateful." Then Seuthes turned to the boy
and said, " Shall I smite him, instead of you ? "
The boy, however, would not suffer 7 that, but
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION
179
implored him not 8 to kill either. 8 Where-
upon Episthenes embraced 9 the boy and said,
" Seuthes, you will have to fight with me for
this boy, for I will not 10 let him go." But
Seuthes laughed, and suffered the boy to live.
i. Se. 2. The same word means want,
desire. 3. KaL 4. On interrogative particles
see Ex. 88, a. 5. 1.5,8. 6. 1.4^15. 7. I.
4, 9. Use the imperfect indicative. 8. /x^Se-
TC/OOS. 9. ?TptXajLt/^av(o. 10. jJLeOirjfJii,
i8o BEGIiVNEtfS GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XC.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
A Midnight March.
About midnight Seuthes came with the
cavalry and l light infantry; and when he had
2 handed over the guides, the heavy infantry
led and the light troops followed. As soon as
3 day dawned, Seuthes rode up to the front 4
and praised the Greek custom ; for many times,
he said, he himself, while marching with a
few, got separated 5 with his cavalry from the
infantry. " But now," said he, "we 6 find our-
selves at dawn all together, 7 just as we ought
to be. But do you wait here, and I will 8 look
about and come back." So saying he took a
certain path over a mountain and rode off. As
soon as he reached deep 9 snow, 10 he looked to
see if there were foot-prints of men leading
forward or in the opposite direction. When
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 181
he saw that the way was untrodden, 11 he came
back quickly and said, " Friends, all will be
well, if God wills, for we shall 12 fall upon
the men at unawares. But I will lead the
horse, in order that, if we see any one, he may
not escape and 13 give the enemy warning."
i. Peltasts. 2. II. I, 18. 3. // was day.
4. I. 3, i. 5. II. 2, 12. 6. Are. 7. I. 10,
13. 8. cnceWojiuxi. 9. Much. 10. yiuv, rj.
ii. aTpiflrjs. 12. Recall the idiom with Xav-
13. (n^atVco, properly make sign to.
182 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XCI.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Seuthes with the Greeks surprises some Villages.
After this the general went off and Timasion
with him, having about forty of the Greek
horsemen. Then Xenophon l passed along the
word for those up 2 to thirty 3 years of age to
come forward from all the companies, and with
these he himself set out 4 with speed, while
Kleanor led -the other Hellenes. When they
had reached the villages, Seuthes, with about
thirty troopers, rode up and said: "Well, 5
Xenophon, this is just as you said. The men
are taken; but my cavalry have ridden off in
pursuit, 6 one one way another another, and
I am afraid that the enemy will assemble and
do them some harm. Some of us must remain
in the villages, for they are full of men."
"Well, I will take the heights with the men
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 183
whom I have," said Xenophon. "And do you
order Kleanor to extend his line through the
plain along by the villages." When they had
done this, slaves 7 and cattle in great numbers
were taken, and ten thousand sheep. 8 Then
they remained there all that night guarding
their booty. 7
I. Trapeyyvda). 2. ets. 3. TO eros. 4. 1.5)9-
5. dAAa. 6. Another in another way. 7. I.
2, 27. 8. Tr/oo/Sara.
184 BEGINNER'S G REE 1C COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XCII.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Xeiiophoii's Defence.
"There is nothing which a man may not
expect, 1 since I am blamed 2 by you because I
have done you good. I had already set out
for home, but I turned back, not, 8 Heaven
knows, because I learned that you were pros-
pering, 4 but to help you, if in any way I could,
because I heard that you were in 5 sore straits.
Afterwards Seuthes here sent me many mes-
sengers, and made me many promises, if I
would persuade you to go to him. <I will give
you, O Xenophon,' said he, 'my daughter, and
if you have a daughter, I will buy 6 her in
Thracian fashion.' 7 His daughter I did not
marry, 8 as you well know, 9 although I have no
wife. What did I do ? I led you to a place
from which I thought you could cross most
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 185
easily into Asia. This I thought was the best
thing for you, and I knew you desired it. But
when Aristarchos came with triremes and pre-
vented your sailing across, 10 I assembled you,
in order that we might take counsel what it
11 was necessary to do."
I. 7rpO(T$OKdw. 2. atrtav ^o). 3. 1.4)8. 4. Cf.
1. 9, 10. 5. I. 3, 13- 6 - II. 3, 27. 7. I.
2, 15. 8. ya/xe'w. 9. What better way to turn
this than by a clause? 10. Express by the
prefix of the verb. 1 1. The subjunctive would
be necessary in Latin. " Would the indicative
be right in Greek ?
1 86 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XCIII.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Xenoplion's Defence. (Continued.}
" How, therefore, have I done wrong in lead-
ing you where it seemed best to all of you to
come ? 1 1 pray you, do not think I have
deceived 2 you and kept what is yours. I sup-
pose if Seuthes had given me anything, he
would have given it 3 for this purpose, that by
giving me less, it might not be necessary for
him to give you more. If, therefore, you think
this has been done, it is possible to make this
arrangement 4 useless 5 to both of us, if you
will 6 demand back from him the money due 7
you. For it is evident that, if I have anything
from him, he will demand it back ; and he
would demand it justly. But that you may
wonder more, I swear 8 to you that I have not
even received what the other generals have.
FOR WRITTEN TRAA r SLATION 187
1 But are you not ashamed,' some one might
say, < to have been so deceived ? ' Fellow-
soldiers, 9 would that I had not been so deceived
by him whom I thought a friend to you and to
me."
i. Omit. 2. I. 3, 5. 3. I. 3, i. 4. Noun
from TT/oarrw. 5. //.araios. 6. I. 2, u.
7. Omit and change the form of expression.
8. II. 2, 9. 9. By what mood is such a wish
expressed referring to the past and hence
incapable of being realized ?
1 88 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
4
EXERCISE XCIV.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Sambaulas and his ugly Friend.
After this, Cyrus, observing 1 that one of his
captains had as his guest and 2 companion at
table an 3 exceedingly ugly-looking man, called
the captain to him by name and spoke to him
thus : " Sambaulas, do you take that young
man who sits next to you, about with you,
4 according to the Greek custom, because he is
so handsome ?" " 5 Yes, by Zeus," said Sam-
baulas ; " 6 at any rate I am pleased 7 with his
conversation, and even with looking at him."
They who were in the tent, upon hearing this
remark, looked at the man, and when they saw
that he was exceedingly ugly, all began to
laugh ; and one of them said, " 8 In the name
of all the gods, Sambaulas, by what service 9
has this man so attached 10 himself to you?"
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 189
He said, " Friends, I will tell you. Whenever
I have called upon him, either by night or by
day, he never said he had no leisure n ; he never
obeyed lazily, 12 but 13 with the utmost despatch.
Whenever I ordered him to do anything, I
never saw him execute it 14 without activity,
and he has made all the men in his tent like
himself."
i. 1.2,4. 2. 11.5,27. 3. "Exceedingly"
expressed by the prefix in vTrepato-^pos. 4. Kara.
5. I. 7, 9. 6. yow, postpositive. 7. Being with
htm, crvvuv. 8. I. 6, 6. 9. l/oyov. 10. avap-
raa). ii. 1. 6, 9. 12. ftdSrjv. 13. Literally
running, I. 5, 2. 14. Express by the adverb
190 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XCV.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Burying a Man Alive.
"I will tell you," said Xenophon, " what the
circumstance 1 was, for it is at least 2 worth
while to hear it. A man was left behind on
account 8 of not being able to go on. I saw
that the man was one of us, and I compelled 4
you (turning 5 to the soldier) to carry him, so
that he might not perish 6 ; for, as I think, the
enemy were 7 close at our heels. After I had
sent you forward I overtook 8 you. You had
laid the man down and were digging 9 a hole,
as if to bury 10 him. Thereupon I stopped
and praised you. While some of us were
standing by, the man yawned. 11 * Why, 12 the
man is alive! ' 13 cried out the bystanders. 'Let
him be alive as much as he pleases/ you replied,
'I, at any rate, won't carry him any longer/
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 191
Then I struck you, for you seemed to me to
know that he was alive." " But didn't the
man die?" asked the soldier. " 14 Yes, by
Zeus," answered Xenophon, "we shall all die,
but for that reason must we be buried alive?"
i. The same word in Greek means affair,
thing. 2. aios. 3. Use the infinitive with
the article. 4. di/ayKaw. 5. What voice?
6. I. 2, 25. 7. Don't try to think of a word
for "close," nor for "heels." 8. The same
word means catch in I. 8, 20. 9. The same
word means quarry 'in I. 5, 5. 10. Compound
the last word referred to with Kara. 1 1 . xao-/ca>.
12. dAAa. 13. avaKpd(D. 14. vat". Cf. also
I. 4, 8.
192 BEGINNERS GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XCVI.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Cyrus visits his Grandfather.
[Harvard Entrance Examination, 1887.]
Until 1 he was twelve years old Cyrus was
educated 2 among the Persians and followed
the more simple 3 mode of life which was pre-
scribed 4 by the Persian customs. But after-
wards he went to his grandfather Astyages,
king of the Medes. And he was amazed when
he first saw his grandfather decked 5 with
purple tunics and necklaces 6 and bracelets, 6
which were customary with the Medes ; still,
when his grandfather decked him with a beauti-
ful robe, 6 7 child as he was, arid ambitious, 8 he
was greatly delighted. When his mother asked
him whether his father or his grandfather
seemed to him more beautiful, he replied that
FOR WRITTEN 'TRANSLATION 193
his father was by far the most beautiful man
of all the Persians, but of all the Medes whom
he had seen in the streets 9 and in the palace
his grandfather seemed to be the most beauti-
ful.
i. The same word means as far as in I. 7
15. 2. I. 9, 2. 3. The same word means
life in I. I, i. 4. 1.6, 10. 5. 1.9,23. 6.1.
2, 27. 7. are with participle. 8. The same
word means feel piqued in I. 4, 7. 9. The same
word means road.
194 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XCVII.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Events in the Korintliian War.
[Harvard Entrance Examination, 1889.]
After this the rest of the army was dis-
missed 1 to their various 2 cities, and Agesilaos
3 sailed away homewards. 4 In consequence of
this the Athenians, 5 setting out from Korinth,
and the Lakedaimonians 6 began hostilities.
And most of the Korinthians, seeing their
own country ravaged, 7 while the other allies of
the Athenians were at peace, became desirous
of peace themselves. But the other Korinthi-
ans with the Athenians and the Argives, learn-
ing that Korinth was in danger 8 of joining the
Spartans again, devised a most impious deed,
that they might dispose of those who 9 were
inclined to peace. They chose 10 the last day
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 195
of a festival, on which they thought that they
should find n a greater number in the market-
place, and put to death many of the best
citizens, even slaughtering 12 some who had
taken refuge at the altars in the market-place.
i. I. 3, 19. 2. Omit. 3. I. 3, 14. 4. I.
3, II. 5. I. I) 9. 6. 7roAejne'a>. 7. 8^oo>.
8. AaK(ovtw. 9. r/o7ra>, perfect passive parti-
ciple. 10. TTpoaLp<j>. ii. The common word
for catch, seize. 12. o-^arra).
196 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XCVIII.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
How the Lakedaiiiioiiians treated Pharnabazos.
[Harvard Entrance Examination, 1890.]
Pharnabazos was satrap of Phrygia. He had
long been the friend and ally of the Lakedai-
monians, and had never said nor done anything
treacherous l against them. He made their
fleet strong 2 by providing 8 money, and on land
fought 4 on their side. But they were not
grateful 5 to him 6 although he was so friendly;
for they burned down all the beautiful houses
and parks which his father had left him 7 that
he might take 8 pleasure in them; and some-
times 9 they fell in with his slaves and slew
them. Agesilaos also marched into his country,
burned some cities and plundered 10 others. All
this was done while the Lakedaimonians and
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 197
Pharnabazos were allies. At length the satrap,
since he could no longer enjoy 11 his own prop-
erty, was compelled to go to war with those
who had wronged him ; for said he : "I have
not now a meal 12 in my own country, unless,
like the beasts, I 13 pick up 14 what you leave."
i. StTrAoos. 2. I. 5> 9- 3- ?rap^(o. 4. With
them. 5. 1.4,15. 6. Express " although he
was " in one word. 7. <' ots. 8. ev^patVo/xat.
9. I. 5> 2 - IO - 7rop0w = depopulor. n. I.
3, 5. 12. SCITTVOV. 13. The same word in
Greek means collect. 14. What sort of a con-
ditional sentence ?
198 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE XCIX.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
Agesilaos gives away the daughter of Spithridates.
[Harvard Entrance Examination, 1892.]
Agesilaos had long desired 1 to ' 2 make the
Paphlagonians revolt from the great king. So
he was greatly pleased when Spithridates had
persuaded them to do this, and he wished to
3 do him a service. Now this Spithridates had
a beautiful daughter, and was himself one of
the noblest 4 of the Persians. Agesilaos, there-
fore, sent for the king of the Paphlagonians,
and asked him whether 5 he would marry 6 the
girl. 7 And he answered that he would 8 with
pleasure do whatever the Spartan thought best.
So Agesilaos promised to man a trireme and
to send the girl to Paphlagonia in it by sea.
Then he marched away in order that he might
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 199
reach Dascyleium before it was winter 9 ; for
he wished to encamp there in the palace and
park which belonged to Pharnabazos.
i. I. 9, 12. 2. " Make revolt":
eve/oyereo). 4. tv-yevrjs. 5. I. 8, 15. 6. ya-
a). 7 TOIS. 8. Gladly. 9. ^etjitcov = hiems.
200 BEGINNER'S GREEK COMPOSITION
EXERCISE C.
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION.
The Deatli of Cyrus.
[Harvard Entrance Examination, 1893.]
When Cyrus had routed the six thousand
posted in front of the king, his cavalry l rushed
on to the pursuit. 2 Thus Cyrus himself was
left with only a few friends about him. At
this crisis 3 he caught sight of the king not
4 far away. If Cyrus had 5 restrained himself,
he might have won the victory and have slain
the king; but crying out that he saw his
brother, he rode at him and wounded 6 him in
the body. Ktesias, the king's physician, 7 who
wrote about the battle, speaks of this, and also
says 8 that somebody hit Cyrus with a javelin 9
under the eye. Then the followers of the king
and Cyrus fought with each other until many
FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION 201
were killed. Nobody knows who killed Cyrus;
but he was found dead after the battle, and all
his friends lay round him.
i. 6/3/xao). 2. Use a form of BUOKW. 3. KCU-
pds, 6. 4. TTO\V aTre'^o). 5. ave^o/xat. 6. rt-
T/OOKTKW. 7. tar/oo?. 8. Omit in the Greek.
9. TraXrdv.
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE
STAMPED BELOW
AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS
WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH
DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY
OVERDUE.
AUG 151334
OCT 271934
U. C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES
