Bernhard von Breydenbach and his journey to the Holy Land 1483-4 : a bibliography

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BERNHARD

VON

BREYDENBACH

AND HIS JOURNEY TO

THE HOLY LAND

1483-4

A BIBLIOGRAPHY

COMPILED BY

HUGH WM. DAVIES

LONDON

J. & J. LEIGHTON.

40, Brewer Street, Golden Square,

Regent Street, W.

MDCCCCXI

Only 200 copies printed.
No.

CONTENTS

Introduction and Biographical Notes

The Dean

Companions of the Dean

The Other Pilgrims

The Author

The Archbishop

The Book and its Contents

The Journey

Editions

Adaptations OF Text

The Illustrations

Copies and Adaptations of Woodcuts

Details of Printing, &c.
Synopsis of the Editions, 1486-1522 ...
DESCRIPTION OF THE EDITIONS
List of Works consulted
List of Reproductions
Plates
Index

XX

xxi

xxvii
xxix
xxxii
1-40
41
45

ADDITIONAL NOTE TO No. II.
Second Latin edition, Speier, P. Drach, 1490: (see page 6).

A copy of this edition has been found to have the Woodcut of
Animals printed on the back of the View of Rhodes, instead of
on the back of the Jerusalem View as is more usual. The new
position of this cut is on the 2nd page of the blank back of the
Rhodes View, the two pages of letterpress occupying their usual
places, namely, p, 3 & p. 4, — if the view were taken out and laid
face downwards.

This variant would indicate a second issue of 1490, for in
Drach's next edition, (1502, with copies of the original cuts), the
same arrangement is followed. In the 1502 edition, however, the
two pages of letterpress are then printed on both sides of an
ordinary leaf.

INTRODUCTION

Among the numerous earlj' accounts of Pilgrimages to the Holy Land, the
narrative of Bernhard von Breydenbach, Dean of Mainz, stands pre-eminent
as the first to be printed with views of the places seen en route. These
localities — from Venice to Mount Sinai — familiar to every pilgrim of the
period, were here delineated for the first time according to Nature and Truth
by an artist of considerable ability, whose services the Dean was fortunate
enough to be able to secure. In this particular the distinguished promoter of
the undertaking displayed considerable foresight, knowing probably that the
gifted artist's pencil would give his book an interest which no others previously
published had yet attained. One cannot think that Breydenbach viewed
his projected work solely from a commercial standpoint, but it doubtless
occurred to him that the pictures would add, in a great measure, to the
popularity of the book, which, first published in Latin as was usual with works
of importance, was soon translated into German and after that, into Flemish,
both of which versions in the vernacular were probably under the direction of
the Dean. Further editions, including translations into other languages, were
afterwards published, independent of the original projector, the whole series
covering a period of thirty-six years.

The Dean.

He was the son of Gerlach von Breidenbach, of the ancient and noble
line of Breidenbach-Biiresheim, probably still represented in Germany.

In 1450 he was Canon of Mainz, giving on 4 Oct. proof of his nobility to
the Chapter. In succession he was a member of the Ritterstift of S. Alban and
of the Collegiatstift of Our Lady, as well as Doctor of Laws, Protonotary to the
Apostolic Chair, Chamberlain to the Courts of Justice (1477-93) and finally,
from 1484, Dean of the Cathedral : it seems, however, that although he was
Canon, he was not ordained a priest even in 1483.

From 25 Apr. 1483 to the end of January 1484 was occupied by the
Pilgrimage, which is the subject of his book.

On I Oct. 1484 he was commissioned by the Pope to transmit the pallium
from Rome to the newly-elected Archbishop of Mainz : in the document con-
cerning this he is referred to as Dean.

In i486 he was at Aachen with the Archbishop (to whom the liinerarium
is dedicated) at the coronation of the Emperor Maximilian I, April gth : the
Archbishops of Mainz having the right of placing the crown on the head of
the German Emperors.

In 1495 Breydenbach was at the Diet of Worms, when the Archbishop
was the prime mover in the estabhshment of the Imperial Chamber for the
preservation of the Empire's peace. (')

The Dean died 5 May, 1497, and was buried in the Chapel of Our Lady in
the Cathedral of Mainz, where his monument, very finely executed, is still to
be seen. The tomb was opened in 1582, when the body was found to be
perfectly preserved, (2) having been embalmed with substances brought by
Breydenbach from the East.

According to his own account he had lived somewhat freely in his youth,
and on consideration he made the resolution in his later years of undertaking a
Pilgrimage to the Holy Land in the hope of obtaining the salvation of his soul.

It has been said that the canons of the Cathedral received enormous
revenues, which they enjoyed to the full, causing the Pope to remonstrate with
them for their inordinate luxury and worldly mode of life ; to whom it is
said they returned the answer, "We have more wine than is needed for the
mass, and not enough to turn our mills with."

The suggestion has been made that Breydenbach is identical with the
noble person who, accompanied by a "wise and skilful painter," procured in-
formation about, and figures of, the rarer herbs and plants described in the
Herbarius zn Teutsch, first published by Schoeffer at Mainz, 28 Mar. 1485.

From a passage in the Preface (3) it will be seen that the route taken by
this unknown person was almost the same as that followed by Breydenbach,
but for various reasons, it is believed that the Dean could not be the person
referred to, nor any of those accompanying him on the voyage, which, how-
ever, it may be urged, having been finished in January 1484 would give time
enough to prepare the cuts and descriptions for publication in March 1485.
The probable connection, too, between Schoeffer and the printer of the
liinerarium gives colour to the supposition.

(1) Both these historic scenes are represented by Hans Burgmair in the Weisi Ktinig, Wien, 1775.
Nos. 183 and 197.

(2) " Cum prolixa ac ruffa barba." — Gudenus, II, 477. The full-length efiSgy has a very noble
appearance, representing the Dean with a mitre on his head, his arms crossed, and a chalice resting
on his breast ; a gothic canopy above. There is no beard on the face. The monument is very care-
fully executed, shewing the outline of the limbs clearly through the garments which are arranged in
stiff folds. The figure is represented in a recumbent posture, but it now appears to be fixed in an
upright position against the wall. Possibly it was found necessary to so place the monument after the
damage done to the Chapel in the Siege of 1793. The use of the jniira simplex, according to Wood-
ward, [Ecch's. Heraldry, 1894, p. 48) was granted by the Pope to the canons of several important
cathedrals.

(3) " . . Nam ich mit mir einen maler von vernunfft und hant subtiel ufi behende. Und so mir von
teutsch landen gereiset haben durch welsch lant Histria und dar nach durch die Schlauoney oder
Wyndesche landt Croacien Albaney dalmacien, auch durch die krieschen lande Corfon Moream
Candiam Rodhiss und Ciprien biss in das gelopt lant und in die heiligen stat Iherusalem. und von
dan durch cleyn arabien gegen dem berg synay. von dem berg synai gegen dem roten mere gegen
alcair Babilonien und auch allexandrien in Egypten und von dan widder in Candien." — Herbarius,
Mainz, 14S5, Preface fol. 2 vo. The artistic cuts in this volume are quite worthy of Reuwich's pencil ;
as only three or four animals are given and these differ from Breydenbach, a comparison gives no
result.

Companions of The Dean.

The two principal fellow -pilgrims who started from Oppenheim with
Breydenbach were the Graf Johann von Solms, lord of Mintzenberg, and the
knight Philip von Bicken, who acted as guardian to the young Count.

The first-named, — characterised as the youngest of the company, but with
regard to nobility and courage second to none — was the third son of Cuno von
Solms-Lich, who died 1477. The founder of the line (which ended in 1718)
was Johannes, count of Solms, who died in 1457. He, like Breydenbach, was
canon of the Cathedral of Mainz, but afterwards resigned and married. As
Breydenbach's account informs us, the young Johann died of dysentery at
Alexandria, i Nov. 1483, and was buried there in the Coptic Church of
S. Michael. (0 The German version speaks of him in the 2nd part as " seliger
gedechtnuss" — of blessed memory.

Philip von Bicken, as a member of the Gesellschafi tin Steinbock, was present
at the 29th Tournament, held at Mainz 1480, and also at the 36th and last,
held at Worms 1487.(2) He married Elisabeth von Wiederstein, and died pro-
bably in 1518. The families of Breydenbach and Bicken were, in 1455,
related by marriage.

From the present point of view the most important person, probably also
commencing the journey with the others from Oppenheim, was the " skilful
painter " Erhard Reuwich of Utrecht, who was responsible for all the " em-
bellishments " in the book. No other specimens of his work are known, but
surely such an admirable draughtsman must have left other records of his
skill, which records may yet be discovered, — if only they could be identified.

The Other Pilgrims.

The names of many of the travellers constituting the Part}' are given
below, being gathered from different sources. They all appear to have started
from Venice together, but the last 25, at least, did not go further than Jerusalem,
but turned back to Jaffa and returned to Venice. The others proceeded to
Mount Sinai and returned by way of Alexandria.

Maximinus (called Smasmus, Schmasman or Smasinus) von Rappolstein,
baron, lord of Hohenecke.

Vernandus (or Ferdinand) von Mernawe, baron.

Caspar Zorn von Bulach, knight.

(O In 1565, Christopher Fuerer von Haimendorf, who was then at Alexandria on the way to
S. Katherine's, makes mention of the tomb as follows: "In urbe Christiani, quos Koffti sive lacobitas
vocant, tria adhuc templa occupant. S. Sabae non magnum adeo. in cujus cathedra, quam hodieque
monstrant, D. Marcum conciones habuisse dicunt S. Marci, & S. Michaelis, in quo Johannes Comes
a Solms sepultus est, qui obiit i Novembr. Anno 1483 " — Itinerarium, Niirnb. 1621, p. 9.

(2) See Ruxner, Thuniieibuch, Simmern, H. Rodler, 1530. Besides Philip the following knights
are mentioned, they probably being related to those mentioned above. Ott Grave zii Solms, Herr
zii Mintzenberg (1480 & 1487). Grave Bernbard und Grave Philips von Solms (1487). Conrad von
Bicken (1480) ; the first three also being members of the GesiUscha/l im Steinbock.

Georgius Marx von Stotzenheyn, knight.
Nicolas Maior von Kurt (or Inkrut), knight.
J'aul Walther of Giiglingen (Wiirtemberg), priest, Minorite.
Thomas, of the same order, skilled in many languages.
Heinrich von Schawenberg, knight.

Caspar von Sienli (Schnelin, Syenlyn or Siculi), knight.
Sigismund von Marssbach (or Mosbach), knight.
Petrus Velsch, of Strassburg, knight.
Johannes Lazinus, archdeacon and canon of Transylvania (Siebenburgen),

Hungary.
Felix Fabri (Faber, Schmidt), of the order of Preachers at Ulm, " multa

expertus," having performed the journey before ; chaplain to Truchsess.
Erhard or Eckhardt, armour bearer to von Solms.
John called Hentgi or Henken, manciple and expert cook.
John Knuss or Cuntz, interpreter.
Conrad Artus, lutenist and barber.
Peter (?) von Morspach.
Johannes Werli (or Werner) von Zimmern.
Heinrich von Stoffeln.

Johannes Truchsess von Waldpurg : son of Georg Truchsess.
Bern (Bar) von Hohenrechberg.
N. von Epsteyn, baron.

Marschalkus " curie domini Georii ducis Bavarie."
Jacobus Beger.
Johannes Spenner.

Johannes von Triberg (died on return journey, 2 .Aug. 1483).
Caspar Mittelhuser.

Johannes Mittelhuser " officialis de curia domini episcopi Argentini."
Marcus (?von Bulach).
N. Notdorfft (? Haimarus von Nothafft).
Balthasar Biichler, servant, a man of great experience.
Joh. Schmidthanns, armour-bearer.
Conrad Beck of Memmingen, manciple and steward.
Peter of Waldsee, cook.

Ulrich Kramer of Ravensburg, interpreter, formerly a sailor.
Johann of Bebenhausen, schoolmaster.
Georg Mart.

Georg von Gumppenberg, of Pottmes, knight.
Sebastian von Seyboltsdorf, knight.
Ulrich von Breitenstein.
Mathes Wigules von Aheim.
Lucas von Aheim, brother of Mathes.
Egloffstein.

Hans von Haslang.

Brandenstein.

Schenk.

Burchard von Nussdorf.

Gilg von Munchau.

Niederer (? Michael N. von Parr).

Helrit.

Sunler.

Zeller.

The first five are mentioned by Breydenbach as having been met by him
at Venice ; the eight following names being first mentioned at the commence-
ment of the journey to Mount Sinai. The remainder are given by Felix Fabri,
Paul Walther, and Georg von Gumppenberg in their own accounts of the same
pilgrimage. Many other persons are mentioned by Paul Walther as having
been met at Venice when he was there in June 1482 : at Jerusalem he notes
the arrival of Breydenbach's party on 13 July, 1483, saying also that there were
about 150 persons in all.

It is interesting to note that the party going to S. Katherine's seems to
have been met on the way by the author of the anonymous Viazo da Venesia
al sancto JherusalemS^) as he was on his way from Mount Sinai to Jerusalem,
(sig. L5 of edition Ven. 1660) : Come not troiiammo certi Pellegrini. " Dico che
a sette giorni noi trouamo forsi 40. Pellegrini che andauano, a S. Catherina, in
fra loro era un Conte, che era gran Signore, & haueuano di belli Gambelli
[Camels] , e come essi ci viddero si rallegrarono tutti pur assai, e noi simili-
mente con loro, e ne dimandarono del camino, e se la via era sicura, & cosi noi
gli dicemo il nostro parere, & dopo si partimmo I'uno dall' altro, e giungemmo
ad una saluatica montagna."

The most notable of the Pilgrims mentioned in the above list was brother
Felix Fabri, who wrote an account of the journey under the title, Evagatorium
in Terrae Sandae, Arabiae et Egypti Peregrinationem,(^) in which Breydenbach
and many of the others are mentioned. He was of the noble family of Schmidt
of Zurich and was born in 1441 or 1442 ; reader to the Dominican Monastery
of Ulm ; provincial of Germany, 1486-7 ; died 14 April, 1502. He was also
the author of Historiae Sucvorum. It is remarked in Breydenbach's account
that he had performed the same journey before. This refers to the pilgrimage
he made in 1480(3) with Georg von Stein; and from a reference he makes to the

(■) The earliest edition known was published at Bologna by Justiniano of Rubiera, 6 Mar. 1500,
with dedicator}' epistle by Joh. Cola: afterwards abridged, with the name of Noe Bianchi, a Fran-
ciscan, on the title-page of some of the later editions. The date of the pilgrimage is unknown, but
the indication given above suggests circa 1483.

U) First edited from the original Latin MS. in the Stadtbibliothek at Ulm by C. D. Hassler,
Stuttgart, 1843. Translated into English by Aubrey Stewart as. The Wandeiings cf Fitix Fabri,
Lond. 1892.

(3) A German translation first appeared at [Ulm] 1556.

bishops of Geneva (') and Le Mansl^) who were then with him, it seems that
the anonymous Voyage de Hierusalem (3) is partly translated from Fabri's book.

The other literary person mentioned above is Father Paul Walther (born
1422), who also wrote of the same journey under the title, Itinerariwn in
Terram Sanctam, &c.U) in which Breydenbach and the other pilgrims are also
mentioned.

It is not at all unlikely that the anonymous Transylvanian author of a
tract on the Manners of the Turks published with Ricoldus, contra sectam
Malmmeticam, in 1511,(5) is identical with our Johannes Lazinus, who also
hailed from Siebenburgen.

Georg von Gumppenberg also left an account of his journey to Jerusalem. (<J)
He was present at the Tournaments of 1481, 1485, i486, 1487.(7)

Maximin von Rappolstein was still living in 1512, for a translation ("*) by
Jo. Adelphus of Strassburg, dedicated to him is dated Oct. i of that year : the
baron's titles being given as follows. " Maximyn, genant Schmaszman, von
Rappolstein, herren zu Hohennack und Geroltzeck im Wassgauw, R.R.M.
Obersten Hauptman uh lantvogt in Ober Elsass."

Of the other knights, the following are recorded in the Thurnierbuch as
having been present at various tournaments. Caspar Zorn 1481 & '4, Heinrich
von Schaumberg 1485, Hans Werner, freiherr zu Zimmern 1480 & '4, Hans
Truchsess von Walpurg 1484 & '5, Heymeran Notthaft 1481, Sebastian von
Seiboldsdorf 1485, '6, '7, Ulrich von Breitenstein 1480,'!, '4, Lucas von Aheim
1484 & '7, Wigoleus von Aheim 1484, Burchard von Nussdorf 1487 ; several
Marschalchs, Egloffsteins and Schenks are also mentioned.

The Author.
Breydenbach is described in the Itinerarimn as " hujus operis auctor prin-
cipalis,"(9) but it seems that the Latin text at least was compiled and composed
by Martin Roth, of the Dominican convent of Pforzheim, who did not, however,
accompany the others on the journey. The foundation of the Itinerarj' appears
to be that of Felix Fabri, who thus mentions the fact, not to be found else-

<■) Jean Louis of Savoy (d. 1482). brother of Charlotte, queen of Louis XI : see C. F. Murray,
Catalogue of Early French Booki, No. 590. Queen Charlotte's confessor and chaplain, the Carmelite
Le Huen also undertook the journey in 1487, see No. VIIL present description.

(2) Philip of Luxemburg, legate of France, died 1519.

(3) Murray Catalogue 590, and present description p. xiv.

(4) First edited by M. Sollweck, Tubingen, 1892: printed from the MS. in Bibliothek des K.
Studienseminares zu Neuburg a,D. in Bayern.

(5) Paris, H. Estienne, see Murray, French Catalogue, No. 485. The title of the tract is: Libel-
lorum de impugnatione legis Turcorum, &c.

(6) Printed from a late MS. copy dated 1519 in the Gumppenberg Archives at Pottmes, by
Rohricht, 1880, pp. 115-20.

(7) See Ruxner, Thurnierbuch.

(8) Caoursin, Historia von Rhodis, Strassb., M. Flach, 1513: see Panzer, Atin. Deiitschen Litt., L
p. 355, No. 759. This must be a translation different from that found in the Breydenbach.

(9) A.t the commencement of the journey to S. Katherine's. In the German text "auctor" is
rendered " Angeber." A MS. Itinerary of the journey exists, written by Breydenbach, see infra.

where: "Bernhardus de Braitenbach, qui nullus parcens sumtibus pro ordinata
compositione sui peregrinalis sive itinerarii induxit venerabilem magistrum,
illuminatum theologum et ornatum rhetorem, videlicet patrem Martinum Roth,
Ordinis Praedicatorum, quod praefati domini itinerarium ornato et coinpto stilo
composuit . . ."

" Si cui placet legere luctuosam orationem super desolationem terrae
sanctae . . et fidelem exhortationem regum . . videat peregrinatorium domini
Bernhardi de Braitenbach . . compositum ornate per egregium sacrae theo-
logiae magistrum Martinum Roth studii heidelbergensis regentem, Ordinis
Praedicatorum ; et ibi videbitur clare de omnibus antedictis," &c.(')

"A perspicuous account [of the various Sects] is given by the oft-mentioned
magnificent Lord Bernard of Braitenbach who, sparing no expense on the
proper composition of his Itinerary . . procured that venerable teacher [&c.]
Father Martin Roth {sic) of the Order of St. Dominic, who has written the
book of the travels of the aforesaid lord in an ornate and cultured style" (&c.)

" The book of the pilgrimage of the Lord Bernard von Braitenbach . .
which hath been written in ornate style by that celebrated doctor of divinity,
Master Martin Roth, regent of the school of Heidelberg [&c.] There he will
find clearly set forth all that I have said before : he will find what I have
expressed in many words put into few, and will find a duplicate of my book of
pilgrimage and wandering, with the exception that sometimes I have been
forced by the plan of my work purposely to alter the days, saying ' This was
done on such a day ' whereas he says that it was done on another day : wherein
there is no violence or discrepancy, seeing that when we read the Scriptures
we find the same thing to have been done by the Evangelists. "(2)

It is therefore evidently Roth who is referred to in the Inieniionis Explicatioii)
as the author, and not Reuwich, as has been thought, who was concerned only
with the illustrations, as is clearly explained in the German and Flemish
versions. (4)

The Latin edition was prepared in 1485, as is demonstrated by the mention
of the current year in the Luciuosa Oratio.

(i) Evagatorium, ed. Hassler, I. p. 353, II. p. 18. An examination of the printed registers of
Heidelberg University fails to reveal the name of Martin Roth among the rectors or students, but it
must be noted that Martinus Rencz or Rentz appears five times as rector : (con!,\i\t Die M atnkel der
U niversitat H eidclberg , 13S6-1662, herausg. Gustav Toepke, Heidelb. 1884-1907). This person is des-
cribed as " artium et medicine doctor" and as a native of Weisensteig in the diocese of Constance.
His name is first mentioned as a student 17 Oct. 1454 ; then also in 1457 & '63 : Decanus in 1467 & '71 ;
elected Rector 23 June 1475, and again in 1480, '86, '93 & 1500: died in May 1503. Thus it seems very
probable that Roth and Rencz are one and the same, and that a mistake was made in transcribing
Fabri's MS., which, we believe, is not quite clear as regards the spelling of this name, at all events
at Fabri's first reference. It is quite possible also that Fabri himself mistook the name: it will be
remembered that many of the other names in his book, as well as in Breydenbach's, have been con-
siderably corrupted. (2) Wanderings of Fabri, ed. Stewart, I. pp. 438.629.

(3) " .. cui declaratorias notulas, vel latinas, vel vulgares feci per quendam alium doctum virum
ad votum meum apponi."

(4) The authorship note is not found in the German editions of 14S6, 1488 and c. 1505. The
entire Preface is omitted in the Spanish edition of 1498.

The German version was made in i486 and contains certain additions to
the original text, such as a notice of the election of Maximilian I as King of
the Romans at Frankfort (') which was on 21 Feb. i486: as his coronation at
Aachen on 12 Apl. is not mentioned, this portion of the translation would
apparently have been made before the latter date. In the edition of 1488
(printed by Sorg) the date i486 is merely altered to 1488, in accordance
with that of the colophon, but the version is the same as the original.

In the Flemish version the date 1485 occurs, but it is probably that of
the Latin original, from which it was translated. As the artist Reuwich was
a native of Utrecht, the suggestion presents itself of his having had a hand
in the translation.

As the two French versions and that in Spanish, (respectiveh' by N. le
Huen, 1487-88, J. le Hersin, 1488, and Martin Martinez de Ampies, 1497)
probably were made independently of Breydenbach's supervision they do not
concern us here.

The reference to Maximilian occurs as follows. Breydenbach when visit-
ing the Church of the Franciscan monastery of Mount Sion remarks on the
richness of the decorations, &c., for the up-keep of which the Duke Philip of
Burgundy had given 1000 ducats annual subsidy : this, he says, was continued
bv the duke's successors Charles (the Bold) and Maximilian, who is referred to
in the original Latin text as duke of Burgundy only.

In the Flemish edition (1488) this reference is as follows (sig. e4 vo.-f,):
" die aire doerluchtichste ende victoriose hartoch van burgondien Maximilianus
dat selue exempell synre voirvaderen nauolghet."

In the Spanish edition (1498) h6 vo.: " y el successor Maximiliano archi-
duque de Austria, por presente emperador de alemana, sigue la misma regla
passada de sus predecessores."

In the French edition of 1488, no mention is made of either Charles or
Maximilian, although the note on Philip is retained.

The Archbishop.
The work is dedicated to Berthold von Henneberg, son of Georg, Graf von
Henneberg-Romhild, who died 1465. Dean of Mainz from 1474, he was elected
Archbishop 20 May, 1484. On 4 Jan. i486 he published an edict prohibiting
any translation of the Bible into German without the approbation of those
appointed by him. He was at Frankfort on 16 Feb. i486 for the election of
Maximilian as king of the Romans, and crowned him on the 9th April. Was at
the famous Diet of Worms in 1495 : died 21 Dec. 1504, aged 64, and was
buried at Mainz " in vestibulo chori ferri ante altare S. Christophori, ad Petri
de Udenheim latus."

(0 Fol. 46, just before the cut of the Holy Sepulchre Church : see extract given with ed. No. V
(p. 13). shewing the differences in orthography between the German editions of i486 and 1488 : the
differences between the editions of i486 and c. 1505 (printed by Drach) are compared in parallel
columns by Moser in the Sirapmm, vol. III. p. 68.

The only editions in which the Dedication is omitted are : the undated
German, which appears to have been issued after the death of the Archbishop;
the three editions of Le Huen's translation, a new dedication to Margaret of
Austria (0 being substituted; and the Spanish version of 1498.

The Book and its Contents.

1. Dedication of Breydenbach to the Archbishop.

2. Contents, giving distances between the various places touched at from
Venice to Joppa.

3. Preface : including, (a) Intentionis Explicatio ; (b) Operis Divisio.

4. The Diary or Journal of the Pilgrimage.

5. Compendiosa Terrae Sanctae Descriptio : which, according to the state-
ment near the commencement (fol. 50 vo. of first edition), is mainly taken
from Jacques de Vitry.(-) It is stated by Felix Fabri (3) that it is taken
from Burchard.(4) This includes the section De Montibus Israhel.

6. De Moribus, Ritibus et Erroribus eorum qui Sanctam inhabitant Terram :
commencing the 2nd portion of Part I. and preceded by a short Preface
containing an account of the Synods : and then

(«) The Birth, Life and Death of Mahomet, comprising chapters 1-4.
Extracted from Vincent de Beauvais, Speculum Historiale, lib. 23,
c. 39 sq.(5) (see fol. 70 vo. Breydenbach, ist edition).

(6) The Mahometan laws as contained in the Koran, with the Improbatio
of Petrus Alphonsus or Alfunsii^); consisting of the 5th chapter.

(c) The Manners and Errors of the Saracens, who are divided thus :
Thurcomanni, Marrochiani, Soldanini. The account of the origin of
the Mahometan creed (divided into five "articles") is taken from
Bartholomaeus de Luca(7) who had drawn on Isidorus, Richardus and
Martinus, according to fol. 77 vo. of Breydenbach, ist edition.

{d) The Jews, with a Table of Interest, given in "monete franckfor-
densis."(8)

(e) Greeks. (/) Syrians. (g) Jacobites, or Copts. (h) Nestorians.
(i) Armenians. (7) Georgians, [k) Abyssinians. (/) Maronites.

(0 Daughter of the archduke Maximilian, she was affianced at the age of 3J years to the dauphin
Charles (VIII), 1483, who however, on attaining his majority, sent her back in 1491 to her father,
and married Anne of Brittany the same year. By the dedication in the French edition, 1488, one
sees that Margaret was considered " roine de France.'*

(2) Died 30 Apl. 1240: his History first printed at Douai, 1597.

(3) " From this book [of Brother Burcard] my fellow pilgrim, the nobly-born Lord Bernard von
Braitenbach (&c.) has copied the description of the Holy Land, which he has inserted into his own
pilgrim's diary or book of travel." — Fabri, trans. Stewart, 1892, I. p. 206.

(4) Burchard, Borchard or Brocard of Barby (Saxony), a dominican, was at Mount Sion in 1283:
his work first printed in Rudimentiim Noviciorum, Lubeck, L. Brandis, 1475.

(5) Partly from Hugues of Fleury, benedictine historian, circa 1108.

(6) Formerly Rabbi Moses Sephardi, a Jew converted to Christianity in 1106.

(7) Bartholomew or Ptolemy Fiadoni, dominican historian, born Lucca 1236, died 1327.

(8) In Le Huen's translation this table is given according to the French currency: in the Spanish
edition the table is omitted.

("O Disputatio quedam necessaria ad predicta.
(m) De Causis varietatis errorum et sectarum multiplicium.
(o) De Latinis qui sunt in lerusalem : mentioning the Franciscans and
the convents about that city.

7. Luctuosa Oratio super desolatione Terrae Sanctae.

8. Compendiosa Ecclesiae et Terrae Orientalis deploratio.

g. Planctus lamentabilis super misero statu qui in presentiam cernitur in
Ecclesia Occidentah cum matura Exhortatione ad Principes, Imperii ut
quo ad ipsorum interest fideliorem nauent operam pro eius defensione.

These pieces, from Nos. 6 (d) to 9, are probably the original compositions
of Martin Roth, see above p. vi, and Fabri, trans. Stewart, I. 431.

10. Vision of Charles the Bald: from Vincent of Beauvais, Speculum Histoviale.
Ending Part I. of Breydenbach.

11. Preface to the account of the Pilgrimage to Mount Sinai.

12. The Diary or Journal, from Jerusalem to Mount Sinai, thence to Alex-
andria, and the return to Venice.

13. Names of the Islands between Venice and Rhodes, with their distances,
comprising 78 names.

14. Vocabulary of 228 Arabic words, translated into Latin or other languages,
according to the edition: reprinted in Torrentinus, Elucidarius Cariitiman et
Historiarum, Strassb., R. Beck, 1514, apparently without acknowledgment.

15. Short Preface to the Histories of the Sieges, &c.

16. De Constantinopolitane urbis expugnatione. The siege and conquest by
Mahomet II, in 1453, from the account of an eye-witness, the patriarch
Isidorus.(')

17. De Nigroponti captione. This account of the taking of Negroponte,(2)
July 1470, is anonymous, but it may be the letter written by Balthasar
Perusino to the Duke of Urbino.(3)

18. De Rodis urbis obsidione. This piece, on the siege of Rhodes in 1480, is
anonymous, but the author is Guillaume Caoursin.(4)

(1) Archbishop of Kieff 1437, cardinal 1439, bishop of Sabina 1452, patriarch of Constantinople
1458, died 27 Apl. 1463 : see also Gibbon's Roman Empire, ch. 68. This and the following three
pieces are reprinted in the collection of different works, De Origine Turcorum, Basil. 1556, ff. 327-82
[Brit. Mus. 5S9. i. 9] .

(2) Egripo or Chalcis, the capital of Euboea, an island in the Grecian archipelago, belonged to
the Venetians in 1204.

(3) See Dibdin's Typogr. Antiq., I. 351. A Lamcnto di Negyopontc, Flor. 1557, is cited by Brunet,
II. 1792 : for other works on same subject see also Chevalier, Repertoire, Topo-Bibl., 1900-3, col. 2087.

U) Borne. 1430, vice-chancellor to the knights of Rhodes c. 1462, died 1501. This piece was
separately published in 1480 & 1481 and forms the first part of Caoursin's Opera, Ulm, ]. Reger, 1496
(sigs. a2-b6). Besides the German translation of i486 (present description. No. IV) there is one by
Joh. Adelff, Strassb. 1513, and another (anonymous), Strassb. 1502 (see Weller, Repertorium, 247). An
Italian translation was printed at Venice c. 1480 (for other works in Italian, see Brunet, III. 1792) ;
one in English by Caxton, n. d. In Spanish it first appeared in the Breydenbach 1498 (No. XII),
and afterwards with other pieces at Seville 1526. Those in the Flemish and French Breydenbachs
appear to be the earliest in those languages. Another work on the same subject, in French, by Mary
Dupuis, appeared in two early editions, see Pellechet, 4478-9, Brunet, II. 900, probably unique. Cf.
Pierre d'Aubusson's own account, [Stras., H. Knoblochtzer, c. 1481] Hain '5922. Br. Mus., lA. 1105.

ig. De Captione ciuitatis ydruntine. This account of the capture of Otranto,
Aug. 1480, is anonymous. (')

20. De Regimine Peregrinantium in transmare. Remedies for sea-sickness,
from Hali(-) and Rasis,(3) two Arabian physicians.

21. De Cautela contra pediculos ac pulices et muscas in mari. Remedies
against vermin, also from the same authors.

This is the constant order of the pieces in each edition with the exception
of two or three trifling alterations, such as the omission of the Recipes in the
editions IV-VII, IX, X, XII; of the Vocabulary in ed. XII ; of the Names of
the Islands in eds. VIII-X. The substitution of another account of the Siege
of Constantinople is made in eds. IX & X, and is moved together with the
other Sieges, into Part II, which is added in those editions for the first time :
the pieces composing this Part are fully described at pp. 23-29.

Other additions are those in the Spanish edition (No. XII) by Martin de
Ampies : consisting of a description of Rome and a commentary on the Text.

The Journey.

The Dean and his two companions on 25 April, 1483,(4) commence their
travels from Oppenheim, a few miles south of Mainz. The details of the
itinerary to Venice (5) are not given in the present printed account, but are pro-
bably those found in the MS. "Reiseinstruction" by Breydenbach, preserved in
the Darmstadt archives. C^) Arrived at Venice after 15 days' travel, they meet
with many other pilgrims who were going on the same journey. They lodge
with Peter Ugelheymer of Frankfort. (7) Breydenbach notes that it required
much astuteness to bargain with the master of the vessel, who in the present
case was Augustino Contarini,(S) and on that account a specimen of the Form
of Contract is given for future guidance : some of the terms being as follows.

The galley was to arrive at Jaffa within a day of the other vessel belonging

, (0 A Lamento di Olranto, Florence 1480, is cited by Hain, Repertorium, No. 9840, but without
particulars.

(2) Probably Abul Cassem Schalaf Ben Abbas, also known as Albohazen Haly or Albucazi : died
Cordova, c. no6 or 1122.

(3) Mohammed Ben-Zakariya Abu-Bekr Al-Razi, also known as Rhazes : born Khorassan, c. 850,
died 923 or 932 : his various works first published in 1483.

(4) Fabri and his party had started on the 14th from Ulm.

(3) Marseilles seems to have been the starting-point in the 17th century, see Doubdan.

(6) " Fur den jungen Grafen von Hanau-Lichtenberg entworfene Reiseinstruction " ; signed ' ' Myne
Eigene Hantgeschriff Breydenbach." Printed by Rohricht & Meisner in Deutsche Pilgerriisen, Sec,
Berlin, 1880, pp. 120-45.

(7) Le Huen in 1487 stayed at the sign of " I'homme sauvaige " kept by Jean de LiSge. This
house was that at which the Turkish Ambassador stayed in 1480, see Schefer's edition of Voyage de
Hierusalem, 1882, p. 22, who says that the house is mentioned in various documents of the XlVth and
XVth centuries, the building not having been demolished until about the middle of the XlXth cent.
Fabri stayed at the sign of S. George.

(8) The same in 1480 & 1487 : Andreas Contarini in 1470 : Bernard Boldu in 1490 : for others,
see Rohricht, op. cit. 1880, p. 12. Contarini was in command of a galley as early as 1471 : died 1500:
see Schefer's edition of Voyage de Hiirusaltm, 1882, p. 24, note, for other particulars.

to Peter Landawe.iO which carried the other pilgrims of the company, under
a penalty of looo florins. The master was to provide arms for 80 men for the
defence of the pilgrims : not to stay more than two or three days at each port
unless departure was prevented by the weather. If at Cyprus the pilgrims
wished to visit Nicosia or Famagosta the boat was to await their return.
Meals were to be provided twice a day as required " pro viris honestis " : these
were to consist of good bread, good wine, fresh meat, eggs and other necessary
victuals : as well as bread and wine for " refection " and " collation " in the
morning and evening, as was the custom. If any of the pilgrims should die
("which God forbid") their goods were not to be confiscated but returned to
their executors : if any should die before reaching the Holy Land half the
deceased's passage money was to be returned. If any should decide to proceed
to the Shrine of S. Katherine, 10 ducats of the money paid was to be returned,
the same intention being signified in good time so as not to keep the galley
waiting at the port of Jaffa. An interpreter, if required, was to be provided by
the master at his own expense as far as Jaffa and back, but at the expense of
the pilgrims when in the Holy Land. Expenses of riding and conveyance
were also to be borne by the master. The cost of the passage was 42 ducats
" de tzecka dictos, id est noviter monetatos,"(2) one half to be paid at Venice,
the other half at Jaffa.

Then follows a description of the relics of Saints to be seen at Venice. A
few of the more interesting examples may be mentioned. In the Monastery of
8. George was an arm of that saint, and the bodies of SS. Cosmas & Damian.
In the Monastery of S. Helena, juxta castella were, the body of that saint, a portion
of the True Cross which she discovered, the thumb of Constantine her son, and
a "chest-bone" of S. Mary Magdalene. In the Monastery of S. Nicolas de Elio,
one of the six jars in which water was turned to wine. The church of S. Marina
contained the entire body of that extraordinary character. (3) The body of S.
Mark is recorded as in the church of that name, and a list given of the precious
vessels and ornaments there. The glass-works of Murano are also mentioned.

Padua is next mentioned as possessing many precious relics, (4) and that
as it was but a night's journey from Venice, it would repay the pilgrim for his
trouble in going there. Among relics mentioned are the body of S. Luke, a
picture of the Virgin and Child painted by him, and the body of S. Urinus
who brought the relics of SS. Matthew and Luke (5) to Italy.

(I) Or Peter de Lando : Fabri's party went in his boat because of its comparative comfort : he
mentions that the two "patrons" were deadly enemies.

12) 2Q ducats in 1470 (Ulrich Brunner) : 40 ducats in 1457-62 (W. Wey) and 1490 : 55 Venetian
gold ducats in 1480. In 1583 (Giraudet), the price was "six escuz le mois " if meals were taken
with the captain, or 4 ^cus if at the second table. Georgievicz(i554) and Zuallardo (1587) give lists
of clothing required.

(3) The relics are said to have been brought to Venice in 11 13 from Constantinople, but Baring-
Gould {Livii 0/ the Saints) records seven other churches which claim to possess either the whole body
or portions of same. (4) ReUcs at both places also described by U. Brunner in 1470.

15) For the different churches which claim to possess portions or the entire bodies of these
Evangelists, see Baring-Gould.

Afterwards follows an Oratio covimendaticia civitatis ct dominationis Vene-
ciarum, in which the foundation of the state is recorded : it is stated also that
it was possible to have ready within the space of a few days 600 armed galleys,
and in an hour's time to produce 200,000 men for the defence of the Republic.
At least 1000 men were always employed in the Arsenal in the manufacture
of artillery, &c.(i) Fifty women also were continually employed in the making
of sails. Of merchant vessels there were the following number trafficking with
different countries, viz., six with Alexandria, two each with Damascus, Barutum,
(probably Beirout), Barbary, Constantinople, Jaffa (in which vessels the pilgrims
travelled), England, and Flanders ("Fluss"').

If any military officer disobeyed orders or exceeded his duty, the sentence
was capital punishment ; which Breydenbach saw executed on one that,
although he had returned victorious over the Duke of Ferrara, had not strictly
carried out the commission given him. (2) The piece terminates with laudatory
remarks on the exemplary mode of government enjoyed by the state.

A stay of 22 days was made at Venice, which would give Reuwich ample
time to make the necessary sketches for his view of the city. When on the
point of starting the "patron" of the galley was arrested for debt. The matter
being arranged, however, they set sail on June i, arriving on the 3rd at j'l'^^ '
Parenzo, which, together with several of the islands mentioned, then belonged
to Venice. At each place visited a description of the locality is given and the
names of churches with their relics mentioned. The church at Parenzo once
possessed the bodies of SS. Maurus and Eleutherius, but they had since been
conveyed to Genoa. Departing June 4, they arrive, after a stormy passage w^
which prevented calling at certain other ports usually visited, at ^orfu on
the I2th. On the 15th, leaving Corfu, they soon arrive at Modon : then
follows a note on the Gipsies, who were supposed to come from a place called
"Gippe"'3) near to Modon, and not from Egypt as generally believed. A des-
cription of Candia(4) comes next. Leaving Modon on the i6th of June, arrival
is made at Rhodes on i8th. Descriptions of the church and relics (which
included a large piece of the True Cross, a head of one of the 11,000 Virgins,
and the left arm and hand of S. Katherine), the Hospital and Castle are given,
as well as an account of the Siege.

In Breydenbach"s MS. Itinerary referred to above, the church of S. Maria
Vilerma or Philerma is mentioned as being a short distance from Rhodes :
" Item VI myle vonn Rodis ist eyn sloss heyst Villa Nova, und ist dess hohe
meysters vonn Rodis oibenn uff dem selbenn bergk eyn kirche, die heyst Maria
Vilerma, ist verzitten eyn stadt gewest und durch dene Turckenn verwust,

(I) Cf. Dante, In/. XXI. 7-1S.

la) Le Huen in 1487 says that he saw the same sentence carried out " during the time of the war
with the Germans.'' Many of the condottiiri were executed or imprisoned at this time : cf. Sabellico.

(3) "Gipte" according to ]. de Cuchermoys, 1490. See also Lacroix, Le Moyen Age, I. (1848)
Bohemiens. This note, together with Martin's commentary, is given by Gallardo, III. No. 2946, from
the Spanish edition. (41 The famous " Malvoisie de Venice " often referred to, came from Candia.

nv^

unser lieben frauwe ist fast gnedick do."('; In Nicolas le Huen's translation
of Breydenbach the same place is mentioned as an additional note : " A deux
gras lieux de Rhodes la cite a vng tresgrant voyage de nostre dame de
silerme [s;c] : qui saulue corps z ame a ses amis. La furent transmis deux
cierges dung escu nous passans par la." In the anonymous Voyage de Hientsaleiii
performed in 1480,(2) it is mentioned as " Nostre Dame de Philarme " and as
five milles from Rhodes, the edition of J. St. Denys giving a woodcut of the
seal of indulgences granted to pilgrims visiting there. It is also mentioned
in a description of the Holy Land (in the Provengal tongue) by Fra Johan,
Tholosa, 1508 : " En la ilia de rodes ha vna figura dela verge maria : la q'l se
nomea la verge maria dal filem q' fa de gras miracles " : Barth. da li Sonetti
{Isolario, c. 1485) mentions " monte filerno." In the Itinerarium of Paul
Walther (p. 85) and in that of Brunner 1470, a reference is made to "Filinoff."
By Barth. de Saligniaco (1522) it is mentioned as B. Maria de Philermo.
Lasor a \'area (II. 414) gives a map of Rhodes shewing the castle of " Monte
Filerno."

X 'U Departing from Rhodes on the 22nd, Baffa is reached next day, where the

pilgrims are shewn seven subterranean chambers which at one time contained
Seven Sleepers; not those of Mount Celion, we are told, but others. (3) Piscopia
was destroyed by a king of England, probably Richard I. On 26th they
arrive at the port of Cyprus, or Paphon. A note is made that 12 sheep could
be bought for one ducat, but the flesh was not very good. (4) Departure was
made on 27th, the Holy Land being sighted after three days' sailing, soon after-

5^ wards landing at the port of Jaffa or Joppa.(5) The other galley, in the charge

of Peter Landawe, and which they had seen several times en route, now arrived.
On July 5th, several Saracens with the father guardian(6) of the Franciscan
monasterj' arrived, for the purpose of taking charge of the pilgrims, who, in
the case of those from Landawe's boat were confined for three days and nights
in a ca\'ern, as was the custom ; those from Contarini's escaping with confine-
ment of one day only. Departure for Ram,a is made on the 8th, arriving there
in three hours. They lodge at the Hospital for pilgrims, which was an old

(0 See Roliricht & Meisner, op. at. (1880) pp. 136, and 349, 371, 391.

(2) Schefer in his edition, 1882, could not discover the name of the author: neither did he seem
to be aware that the same work was partly printed with Mamerot, Passages d'Oultre Mer, 1518, &c.
Schefer adds a note : " II s'agit ici de I'egUse de S. Marie de Phil^r^mos," marked on map of Rhodes
in Buondelmonti (and that of Bordone, Isolario 1527, fol. 57 vo.) : also quotes the remarks of Baron
d'Anglure [pilgrimage in 1395] on the same place.

(3) These are also mentioned by Jod. a Meggen in 1542, and by Hen. de Beauvau, Voyage du
Levant, Nancy 1619, p. 87. Baring-Gould gives the variants of the legend in various parts of Europe,
in his Lives of the Saints.

(4) Fabri in another place says that two fowls were purchased for a ducat.

(3) A XVth century miniature in a Flemish MS. of Mandeville's Travels represents "Pilgrims
paying toll on landmg at Joppa " : reproduced in Traill & Mann's Social England, 1903, II. p. 643.

(6) Probably John of Prussia. Paulus de Caneto in 1482. In the section " De Latinus qui sunt
in lerusalem " it appears that at Mount Sion there were 24 brothers of the Franciscan Order ; at the
Convent of S. Clara, six nuns; at the Church of Our Lady at Bethlehem, si.\ monks; and in the
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, always two monks shut up there, and occasionally relieved by two
others.

house bought for the purpose by Philip Duke of Burgundy, and now kept by
the brothers of Mount Sion monastery. On the gth Mass was said at the
Hospital, the pilgrims having five Articles(') recited to them in Latin, Italian,
and German, from which it appears that any pilgrims who were there without
license of the Pope,(2) or were excommunicated, could be absolved by the father
guardian. It was also necessary to have perfect faith and great devoHon.
What was more important was to take care not to walk over nor otherwise
molest the Saracen tombs, for in so doing they would be in peril of their lives.

On July nth, leaving Rama at 2 o'clock a.m. they reach Jerusalem at
6 p.m., lodging at the house of the lesser Calinus, near the Hospital. This
person was an interpreter, and usually accompanied pilgrims to the Shrine of
S. Katherine : by Fabri his name is given as Elphahallo.

The next day they commence seeing the sights, which, as they are virtually
the same as seen at the present day, need not be described in full. (a) The
Franciscan church of Mount Sion is mentioned as being richly decorated,
the Duke Philip of Burgundy having given a thousand ducats as annual subsidy,
his successors Charles the Bold, and Maximilan 1(4) having also continued to
support the church.

On July i2th the church of the Holy Sepulchre was visited, the entrance
fee being five ducats. (5) The nobles were here all made knights of the Holy
Sepulchre.(6) A full description of the Church is given, also mentioning the
tomb of Godfrey of Bouillon which is now destroyed, (?) passing on to the
Temple of Solomon (Mosque of Omar), (8) and the Golden Gate, which they
were not allowed to approach.

Bethlehem was visited on July 15th and Bethany the next day; on the
17th making contract with the governors of Jerusalem for the pilgrimage to
S. Katherine's. Jordan was next visited on the i8th. On the 26th, with the
help of a certain " pagan," they secretly visited the house of S. Anne, which
was now converted into a mosque, and was therefore prohibited to Christians.
From the place where the Virgin Mary was born they abstracted portions of
the stonework, which, as relics, were believed to be of great comfort to
pregnant women. Only 18 of the original party were left for the journey to
Mount Sinai, the remainder returning to Jaffa.

(') 27 articles are given by Fabri, two of which enjoin that pilgrims are not to chip pieces from
the Holy Sepulchre as souvenirs, nor to mark their coats of arms or names on any building which
they might visit.

(2) It seems that it was necessary to go to Rome for this purpose ; (see Spanish edition p. 38), but
nothing is said by Breydenbach as having done this. Fabri procured permission from Rome by
proxy. (3) See p. xxiv. (4) See p. viii.

(5) Barth. de Saligniaco, in 1522, mentions the charge as 2 carolus. Barth. Georgievicz, 1554,
gives 8 ducats, or 4 or 5 for a poor person. Zuallardo, 1586, mentions g zecchini d'oro. Beauvau in
1604, 9 sequins. Doubdan in 1651, 24 piastres.

(6) For the ceremony see Favine, Theatre of Honour, 1623, p. 383 : and Jod. a Meggen, Peregr.
Hicrosol., Dilingae, 1580, cap. xii.

(7) See views and inscriptions in Zuallardo 1587, p. 203, Beauvau i6og, pp. 130-1, and Lacroix,
Mtlit. &■ Relig. Life, 1874, p. 118 (from a drawing made in 1S28).

(8) Sir John Mandeville says that he saw the interior of the building ; it is said that only two or
three Franks have succeeded in entering it since that time.

Here is inserted the Description of the Holj- Land, the portion on the
various Sects, &c., after which commences the account of the second pilgrimage
— that to Mount Sinai. (')

The form of Contract, made July 17th, with the governor of Jerusalem
named Naydon and the master of the Pilgrims' Hospital, named Sabathytanco,
is first given. Camels, water, &c. were to be provided, the payment for each
pilgrim being 23 ducats, half to be paid at Jerusalem, and the other half at
Gazera, or Gaza.

The start was not made until Aug. 24th. Bethlehem was left on the 27th,
the next place passed being Hebron, then Gaza, Chawatha, Gayan, Magdabee,
Magareth, Minshene, Albaroch, Meschmar, Hallicub, Elphogaya, Rach Haym,
sighting Mount Horeb on Sept. 19th ; Ramathaim, Schoyle, Machera, Wachya,
&c., arriving at length at the Monastery of Mount Sinai. (2) After the ascent of
the mountains, they view the relics of Saint Katherine on the i6th Sept. A
portion of the cotton in which the relics were laid was given to each of the
pilgrims, who received it with great joy. It appears that these relics consisted
of the head of the Saint, her two hands (3) and various other parts, all well
preserved. It is mentioned that the Saracens and Arabs also had great
reverence for S. Katherine and often came to visit the Shrine, a mosque being
close by the monastery.

The return journey was commenced on 27th Sept., arriving at the Red Sea
on Oct. 3rd. The Balsam Gardens at Mathera(4) are next described, the famous
" balm of Gilead " being collected in the month of December, a portion being
sent as a present to Prester John. On the 12th a strange animal called
" Coppin " was seen, evidently the baboon represented in one of the pictures.
On the 13th, in walking round Cairo in the company of certain Mamelukes(5)
the pilgrims were mistaken for slaves in the charge of the latter, the slave-
merchants offering 10 ducats for each man. A description of the city and the
Nile follows, mentioning the Mosque built by the then reigning sultan Kathu-
bee,(^) also the Pyramids and the Sphinx, called " an idol of Isis." On the
i6th the pilgrims were received by the Sultan. About the same time an eclipse
of the moon occurred, which caused much excitement. Then follows a des-
cription of the egg-incubators, which were considered a great wonder.(7)

The 19th Oct., they sail down the Nile to Rosetta, arriving on the 22nd.
Note is made of the quantity of " bakshish " disbursed, shewing that the

(i> Apparently the first recorded pilgrimage there is that of burggraf Heinrich II von Branden-
burg in 1330; others in the XVth century being 1433, '5, %, '79, '82, '83 (Ghistele), '95 & '99, see Paul
Walther, ed. SoUweck. p. 188.

(') See also the account of Felix Fabri : mentioning an adventure of Breydenbach, who nearly
lost all his money in the desert.

(3) As will be seen above, the left hand was supposed to be at Rhodes.

(4) Matarea, Matarieh.

(5) These were natives of Slavonia, Albania, Circassia and Italy: very few Germans among them.

(6) Al-Achraf Saif ad-Din Kait-bey, 1468-96.

(7) The passage is given by Dibdin, Bibl. Spencer.. III. p. 220 from the Bibl. Had., III. No. 3213.

rapacity of the Oriental is no new thing. Alexandria is reached on the 26th,
lodging at the khan or fonteccho of the Catalans. The prison of S. Katherine
is viewed next day, Pompey's column being also mentioned. The death of the
young Graf von Solms is next recorded.

On 30th October, two Venetian galleys arrived from " Africa. "(i) Breyden-
bach remarks that in the matter of bargaining for the passage it was more
difficult to deal with the Venetians than the Saracens, the captains of the
galleys knowing that the pilgrims were at their mercy. Breydenbach, together
with John the archdeacon and Felix Fabri (2) and a captain and consul of
Venice, went in the boat belonging to Sebastian Contarini.(3) ^

After much delay a start was made on Nov. 15th. The Consul was taken i^tnJ '
ill on the i8th. Twenty sailors had been left behind at Alexandria, being ill
through drinking the water there. The Consul died on the 21st, and it was
decided to carry the body to Venice, it being placed in a coffin hermetically
sealed and with aromatics enclosed. The sailors objected to this, saying that
it was impossible to carry a corpse by sea, and that it was the custom to sink it
into the ocean. (4)

Stormy weather prevailed until Dec. 5th, when such a calm succeeded
that they were forced to use the oars to make progress. The superstitious
sailors believed that the cause of the tempest was that the pilgrims had stolen
relics from the holy places, or that they had brought away water of the Jordan
as souvenirs.

On 14th Dec. they arrived at Modon where they found six other vessels
driven in by the tempest. On the 19th they pass the islands of Samaffra,
Limlea, Schefflama, Azanta,(5) and Sopholonia(6) which was captured by the
Turks in 1480, Corfu being reached on the 20th. Passing the islands of
Gazopolis another storm sprang up and rent the sails, necessitating the hoisting
of another called in Italian, " papafigo," which was only used in extreme need.

The eve of Christmas, which should have been spent in solemn contem-
plation, was passed by the sailors in misbehaviour worse than usual and with
execrable blasphemies. (7) The port of Stannum in Illyria was entered that day,
and on Jan. 3rd (1484) that of New Zara ; Parenzo being reached on the 7th.
Great joy was experienced when Venice was sighted on the 8th, the citizens /fl.-w.<f.
welcoming the pilgrims by peals of bells, and going out from the port of

II) Probably Cape Bon near Tunis : also called Mahadia or Ras Adder : formerly Aphrodisium.
See Braun & Hohenberg, Theatre des Priiicipalei Villes de tout I'Univers (1574), H 57, with view.

(2) For some reason Le Huen in his translation substitutes the name of frere Philippe de I'Ourme
for that of Felix Fabri. the other names being the same, but without any mention of the consul or
captain until later. For note on Venetian consuls at Alexandria, see Larrivaz, Extraits, p. 60.

(3) Probably a relation of Augustino Contarini, the "patron" who brought them from Venice.
<4) Cf. Fabri, trans. Stewart, I. p. 89, Art. 15.

lil Zante. The famous Vesalius, it will be remembered, was here shipwrecked, having under-
taken a pilgrimage to escape capital punishment, and was buried in the church of S. Maria de Gratia
in 1564. C. Fuerer in 1565 saw the tomb, and gives the inscription (edition 1621, p. 2).

(6) Cephalonia.

17) According to Fabri, the sailors, or more properly, galley-slaves, were abandoned wretches of 1
several nationalities, as Macedonians, Albanians, Turks, &c. Vecellio gives a picture of one of them. '

S. Nicholas in small boats to meet the gallc)-, as was the custom. The account
concludes, as one can imagine, with heartfelt thanks to God and S. Katherine
for deliverance from the dangers and perils which the travellers had experienced
for the greater part of a jearj')

It is, as a rule, difficult to realise at the present daj' what an important
undertaking a pilgrimage to the Holj- Land was at that period, but the details
to be read in the work just described afford a vivid idea of the dangers and
inconveniences attendant on such a journey. It required, in the first place, a
well-filled purse, then sufficient leisure, a strong stomach, and, not least, a
large amount of faith in the efficacy of the undertaking. Such indulgences
and remissions as were promised — and each different place had its own value —
were well earned, and probably were considered to well balance the incon-
veniences of extortion, mal-de-mcrp-) vermin, (3) and bad food and accommoda-
tion, which, with the great heat of the desert, caused much ill-health — in many
cases, death — and one must believe that after experiencing such privations, the
future health of any but the most robust pilgrim must have been ruined; but no
doubt this was counter-balanced by the comfort of knowing that the salvation
of his soul was assured.

When Felix Fabri, contemplating a pilgrimage, asked the advice of
Eberhard, first duke of Wurtemberg, who had been to Palestine before, the
reply was made : " There are three things that one cannot advise upon, one
way or the other; marriage, war, and the pilgrimage to the Holy Land. They
all may begin well and end badly."

Editions.
Between 1486 and 1522 there were 12 editions published, all with wood-
cuts, which are an essential part of this book, as pointed out elsewhere.
Besides these, which are here described, (4) there were a few reprints of the
text only, in various languages.

German. In the Reyssbuch des Heyligen Lands, folio;
Frankfurt, Feyerabend, 1584- ff- 50-122.

J. Saur for F. N. Roth, 1609. ff. 91-226.
Strassburg, 1612.

Nurnberg, 1659. ^- 91-226.

There is also a reprint or extract in Jaeck (H. J.) Taschenbibliothek d.
wichtigsten . . See- und Land-Reisen, Nurnb. 1828, vol. II. 195-218.

Polish. Cracow, 1610: Peregrynacya arabska albo do grobu Chrj'Stusa. sw.
S. Katarzyny panny y meczenniczki, &c., Przekladania X. Andrzeja Wargoc-

(1) In the XV'I century, no \essel could legally return to Venice from Constantinople, Alexandria
or the coast of Syria between 15 Nov. and 20 Jan. ; see Lacroix, Milit. &■ Relig. Life, 1874, p. 93.

(2) Fabri mentions that he had never before even seen the sea.

(3) Fabri quaintly remarks tliat even the most noble were not free from this trouble.

(4) Synopsis at p. xxxii.

kiego. W Krakowie, \v drukarni Symona Kempiniego, Roku panskiego, i6io(')
4to.

An English edition was to be published by the Hakliiyt Society, but this
has not yet appeared.

Abridgments and extracts.
Latin, 1536: Title: ^ Peregri- | natio ad terram | sanctam, ex Bernhardo |
Breitenbach Ecclesias Ma- | guntinas Decano & | Camerario. | »** | Vit-
tembergae. | Nicola. Schir. | 1536. | \veYso blank] Last page (C8 vo.) :
Impressum Vit- | tembergae per Nico- | laum Schirlentz. | Italic letter,
27 long lines to a page, sigs. A-C8; sm. 8vo. ; a copy in the British
Museum, Grenville, 6894. This is simply an abridgment of the journey
between Venice and Jerusalem : return not mentioned : no woodcuts.
Portion relating to Egypt, from 1490 edition, commencing on sig. m3,
line 6 from foot, and ending sig. n3, line 5 from foot : reprinted by
F. Larrivaz, s.j., Cairo 1904, with French translation.
Similar portion probably reprinted in Sir R. Guildford's hook, 1506:

cf. Retvosp. Review, II. (1854), pp. 71-74.
Two short extracts from i486 edition in Archaeologia, XXI. (1827),
pp. 300.363, and another in Dibdin, Bibl. Spencer., III. p. 220, note.
English : translation by Barth. Frere (from Spanish edition) in Journal of
Royal Geographical Society, IX (1839), pp. 311-17, commencing with
the Form of Contract and ending with the arrival at .Mount Sinai.
French : translation bj- F. Larrivaz of portion relating to Egypt, see above.
Spanish : two short extracts in Gallardo, III. No. 2946.

Supposititious editions.
These editions either have had no existence, or else, in the case of that of
Verard, are now unknown. Haste in transcribing the title or date has doubt-
less been a fruitful source of error.

Latin : Antwerp, 1490 : recorded (without details) by Botfield, Notes on
Cathedral Libraries, 1849, p. 179, as being in the Library of Hereford
Cathedral. No such edition exists.
Flemish: Haarlem, i486, and Delft, 1498: see Hain, Repevtorium, 3962 &
3964, Campbell, Ann. Typogr. Neerl., 1376 and 1377. These are really
editions of the Pilgrimage of Human Life, an allegory by Guillaume de
Deguileville, a totally different work. (2)
French : Paris, Verard, s. d. Mentioned first by Du Verdier(3) as follows.
" Bernard de Breitembag. Le chemin & voyage de la terre Saincte,
compose en latin par Bernard de Breitenbag, & translate en Frangois

(') A copy in Warsaw University, see Estreicliera (K.), Bibliografia Polska, vol. XIII. Krakow,
1894, p. 330.

(») See Rohriciit & Meisner. 1880, pp. 574-5. " Sind en ganz Werk (Dat boeck van den pel-
gherim) : vgl. M. van der Willigen in : De Nederl. Spectator, 1867, No. 20."

(3) La Bibliotheque, Lyon. T. Ancelin, 1585, pp. 115-116. The edition referred to might possibly
be either of Regnault's (1517 or '22) ; they are both in type similar to that used for Verard.

[impr. a Paris 4° par Antoine Verard sans datte. lean de Hersin en a
fait vne autre traduction." (Exact copj).

G. Boucher de la Richarderie(") is also responsible for: "Voyages au
venerable tombeau de Jesus-Christ a Jerusalem . . par Echard Revwich . .
Maj'ence (avec figures) 1541, fol." Nothing is known of this edition, and its
authenticity may be judged by that of the others given at the same reference,
viz., 1483 (Lat.), 1484 (French), and i486 (Flemish), which are simply those of
i486, 1488 or 1489, and 1488, a mistake having been made in reading the date.

Lasor a VareaC^) mentions a German edition of Mainz 1488, and one in
French, Paris 1496, 4to. He also gives the 1490 ed. of Speier to " Phil. Biken "
as if he were the author, and not Breydenbach.

An Ulm edition 1496 is cited by Quatremere, Meinoires Geographiqties, I. 181.

Adaptations of Text.

The first work founded on Brejdenbach's narrative was that of Nicolas le
Huen, who performed the same journey in 1487, and therefore adapted the origi-
nal descriptions of the first part as the groundwork of his own book, adding his
own remarks, and at the same time translating the whole work into French. (3)

The Viazo da Venesia al sancto Jherusalem, of Bologna, 1500, has been con-
sidered to be but a translation (in Italian) and adaptation of Breydenbach"s
text. (4) Actual comparison, however, shews very little resemblance except in
the matter of some of the woodcuts found in the later editions in octavo, which
cuts are evidently founded on those of Breydenbach.

In 1506, Sir Richard Guildford and the Prior of Giseburn started on the
usual pilgrimage, their account being printed at London by Pynson in 151 1, of
which it is said : " Page after page . . indeed almost the whole of the descrip-
tive part is a word for word translation of Breydenbach, and many of the
more personal observations are lifted bodily from the same source." (5)

Richard Torkington, who made the pilgrimage in 1517, takes his des-
criptions from Guildford. (<^)

In Sam. Purchas, His Pilgvinies, one finds the heading : " Mount Sinai,
Oreb & the adjoyning parts of Arabia, described out of the foure Journals of
Breydenbach, Baumgarten, Bellonius and Chr. Furer of Haimendorf"(7), but
Bre)denbach'3 original is unrecognisable.

(') Bibl. Univ. des Voyages, III. (1828) p. 399.

(2) Universus Terrarum Orbis Scriptorum calamo delineatus, Patavii 1713. 2 \'ols.

(3) This is the first French edition of 1488, described under No. VIII.

(4) " Wie Franz Falk in der ersten Vereinsschrift der Gorres-Gesellschaft Koln 1879, 105, be-
hauptet, ist dieser italienische Hauptpilgerfulirer nichts weiter als eine Uebersetzung und Bearbeitung
des Buches von Bernhard von Breitenbach." See Rohricht, Bibl. Geog. Pal., 1890, pp. 158-g. See
also present description pp. v, xxviii.

(5) In/oimaticm for Pilgrims unto the Holy Land, ed. bj' E. Gordon Duff, 1893, introd. p. xi. [Of
this book there were three editions, all by Wynkyn de Worde, viz., c. 1498, 1515, 1524, but only one
copy of each now exists, the first being the one republished in facsimile in 1893, j"^' referred to. For
interesting details from tlie 1515 ed. see Dibdin, Typ. Antiq.. II. 395, and from the 1524 ed, in Retro-
spective Reviei!', II. (1823), 324. From the extracts there given it is evident that Wm. Wey's Itineraries
were drawn upon ; of. Archaeologia, XXI. 410-11].

(61 Duff, op. rit. (7) ed. Glasgow, VIII. (1905) p. 359.

The Illustrations.

These consist of panoramic views of the places visited, (the first executed
of such a large size), figures of strange animals, studies of the costume of the
inhabitants, and various Eastern alphabets. The}' were all drawn from Nature
by the artist Erhard Reuwich of Utrecht, who accompanied Breydenbach on
the Pilgrimage, as is clearly stated in the original text.

Felix Fabri also mentions him as follows: "Conduxit etiam pretio eruditum
virum, Erhardum Rewich, subtilissimum pictorem, qui portus maris et civitates
et terrae loca, et praecipue terram sanctam, et habitum gentium dictarum pro-
prie figuravit, et figuras ad descriptiones aptavit." (0

As before remarked, nothing more is known of this artist than what can
be gathered from these two accounts of the pilgrimage. (2)

As has been remarked : " This is the first instance in which a single
painter is definitely known to have undertaken the illustration of a printed
book." (3)

The woodcutter, who is entitled to a great deal of the credit attached to
these pictures, is unknown, unless it were Reuwich himself who cut them.
The cuts of the Lubeck Bible of 1494 appear to be the nearest in similarity of
style : cf. reproductions in Muther, Deutsche Biicherilhist. 1884, plates 158-161.

The panoramic views are the first of their kind and are of the greatest
importance, having been taken on the spot. They are distinguished from other
woodcut views published in the XV. cent, by their air of truth as well as their
liveliness, being full of groups of figures, some pursuing their everyday occu-
pations. The views are undoubtedly authentic as well as artistic, and are
valuable as giving an exact picture of these famous places as they appeared in
1483, and as the earliest printed representations known of them, which remark
also applies to some of the smaller cuts, of which the most important is the
Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

The following is a description of the cuts, of which either the originals or
exact copies of them appear in all editions.

I. Frontispiece. This represents a richly dressed female standing on
a pedestal and supporting the armorial escutcheons of the three principal
pilgrims, above being interlacing foliage amid which children are playing. (4)
This cut is the earliest known showing cross-hatching. (5) The design was

(0 Fabri, ed. Hassler, I. 329.

(2) One Corneille Reuwich (or Eewichsz) of Utrecht, a painter, and probably the son of Erhard,
is mentioned by Siret (A.), Did. des Peinttis, 1SS3, II. 195 : cited in the accounts (1488-g) of the church
of S. Nicolas at Utrecht. (J) C. Dodgson, Flemish (S^ German IVoodaits, I. pp. 225-6.

(4) "It has been suggested by Butsch (• Bucherornamentik,' I. 12) that the decoration of this
frontispiece may have been derived from the late Gothic ornament of the western door of the ducal
palace at Venice." — Campbell Dodgson, Cat. Gen/i. &* Fleni. IVoodcttts, I. p. 226.

(5) The " woodcut is interesting, technically, for the unusual skill with which the woodcutter has
preserved the freedom of the original drawing, and for the use of cross-hatching, which is remarkable
at so early a date." — Dodgson, I. p. 226. Other early examples of cross-hatching are certain cuts in
Grant Vita Christi, Lyon, 1487, see Claudin, i?/s/. rff I'Impr., III. 298-9: see also the Spanish cuts
here described p. 36.

evidently adapted in the large cut on fol. i vo. of the Nuremberg Chronicle,
1493, as were several of the views also : see in/fa.

2. Venice : the most important in the book, from its appearance seems to
have been taken from the spot where the church of S. Giorgio Maggiore now
stands. It is very extensive, as may be judged by its size given at p. 3, pro-
bably taking in the whole of the City ; the most striking objects naturally
being the ill-fated Campanile and the Doges' Palace. The names of other
buildings are given (in abbreviated form) on scrolls here and there as follows.
Thelonen: Conventus minorum: Granarium: Ecclesia sancti Marci: Ad SS.
Johannem et Paulum maior Predicatorum conuentus : Ad S. Michaelem :
Murianum : Citadel armamentarium : Commune hospitale : Cauusia : S.
Helena: Portus inter duo castra : Portus S. Nicolai.f')

The cut shews the state of the Piazza before the Procuratie Vecchie were
erected in 15 17 and before the Procuratie Nuove, which were converted into
the Royal Palace. All the details of the front of the Ducal Palace are shewn,
such as the colonnades completed about 1471, and the large window, the
figures on which were probably executed by Ant. Rizzo about the same date.(^)

The earliest known representation of Venice in a printed book is a small
and poor cut found in the Fasciculus Temporinn, Venice, G. Walch, 1479, but it
is reversed and inaccurate, having been probably copied from Ratdolt's slightly
larger and more exact view, of which, however, no earlier impression is known
than that in his edition of the Fasciculus, 1480, Nov. 24. It is pretty evident
that it is Walch, and not Ratdolt, who is the plagiarist in this case, and that
there was an earlier edition of the book by Ratdolt, which is now unknown.
One cannot imagine Ratdolt, the producer of many fine books with magnificent
and original borders and ornaments, having any need to counterfeit other
people's work : besides, his cut is accurate enough, while the so-called original
is reversed and has not so much detail. Compare Redgrave's Ratdolt, 1894,
pp. 11-12, in which Ratdolt's cut is considered to be the counterfeit.

This view of Venice should be compared with that in J. P. Bergomensis,
Supplementum Chronicarum, Venice 1490, and that in the Nuremberg Chronicle
1493, which both appear to have been founded on a small portion of the
present panorama : that of 1490 however has the point of view moved slight to
the left hand, and may therefore be from a different original. (3)

Others may be compared, as, the "colossal" view by Jacopo de Barbari,

U) The view is reproduced at full length (but reduced to ij x 2J inches) in Stirling Maxwell,
The Turks in 1533, 1873, pp. 21-22.

(s) Compare modern views in Ongania, Calli e Cunali in Vciicziu, 1891-3, pi. 20, 21, 27, 43, 79, 96.
Alterations seem to have been made to the Campanile, the windows, the arcade, &c. With regard
to the Lion, see RusKin, St. Mark's Rest, 2nd ed. 1894, p. 22 : "I found the sharp old wings repre-
sented faithfully in the woodcut of Venice in 1480 [PBreydenbach's], in the Correr Museum. Diirer,
in 1500, draws the present wings .." A view (partly fanciful) from the North is found in Adelff,
Barbarossa, Strassb. 1530, sig. K7 vo.

(3) See note on the view of Rome, p. 35. The view of Venice might be compared with that in
Carpaccio's picture of the Lion of S. Mark, in the Doges' Palace, painted 1516.

finished in 1500, which shews various differences in detail (') : that in Natalibus,
Catalogus Sanctorum, Venet., Giunta, 1506, representing the translation of the
relics of S. Lucia from the monastery of S. Gregory [? George] major to the
church of S. Lucia, about 1150. These relics are mentioned by Breydenbach.
That in Montalboddo Fracanzano, Paesi iiov. ritrov., Ven. 1517, &c.(2): an early
view of a different character is given in Bordone (B.), I'Isole del Mondo, Ven.
1528: that in Munster, Cosmographia, Bas. 1572, pp. 218-ig, very poor and
inexact.

It should be here mentioned that there is no ready way of distinguishing
between the originil blocks of Reuwich's views and the copies b)- Drach, except
by the small difference of height. The originals, however, are executed with
firmer and more flowing and distinct lines, the copies having been perhaps more
hastily done, but at the same time very closely imitated. The clouds are
heavier and the shading of trees more summarily executed in the copies. The
point of difference most conveniently carried in the mind is that the two
columns of the Piazzetta San Marco are, in the original, shaded horizontally,
while in the copy the lines run obliquely. The portions of the view with the
letterpress on the back are, of course, easily distinguishable by the size of type
and the number of lines, particulars of which are here given w ith the descrip-
tions of the editions.

3. Parenzo : in background are seen two little black figures, one an
equestrian, the other on foot — both omitted in the 1502 copy, which is also
coarser in e.xecution. Cf. view in Braun & Hohenberg, Theatre des Villes (1574)
IL 52, where "Bredebach" is mentioned.

4. Corfu shews what is probably the Pilgrims' gallej- in the fore-part.
The top of the highest tower in the picture has five openings : only three
are shewn in the 1502 copy. The entire view is reproduced by Essenwein,
Holzschn. zu Niinib., pi. ex.

5. Modon has a fine figure of a ship, and shews " Unser Frauuen kloster"
on an island in the fore-part of the picture. This island is probably that
called Sapienza, mentioned on Dec. 16. Cf. view in Braun & Hohenberg,
II. 52, and Beauvau, Voyage, i6ig, p. 21. In the original cut the name scroll
has two long tails : in Drach's copy there is but one.

6. Candia shews the "Conventus minorum," and a fortification at the
entrance to the port. Cf. view in Braun & Hohenberg, II. 53. Drach's cut
may be known by the lack of detail in the tower of the Convent church, e.g.,
no tracery to the windows.

7. Rhodes shews the Pilgrims" galley with banner in fore-part bearing the
Jerusalem cross, and, on the awning at back, probably, the Lion of S. Mark.
The other two banners probably represent Burgundy and Flanders, but are

(1) See reproduction of a portion in Lippmann, IVood-Engravhi^ in Italy, pp. 128-9.

(2) Reproduced in Essling, Livres a fig. Vinit., Nos. 1954-5 (P- M^)-

reversed. The view clearly indicates the damage done by the Turks in 1480 to
the stronghold of the Knights. Includes " Turris Sci. Nicolai " and a picture
of shipbuilding or repairing. Drach's copy is known by its short, straight, close
parallel lines indicating the distant sea : the original has the lines freer and of
unequal thickness.

8. Jerusalem and the Holy Land. This, the last folding panorama,
shews the Galley arrived at the Port of Jaffa or Joppa: a very graceful drawing
of the boat. The view is very extensive, on the left hand being Damascus,
and on the extreme right Cairo and Alexandria. The whole sheet is covered
with xylographic inscriptions describing the numerous points of interest, some
of which are as follows. Mount Sinai with the Shrine and Monastery of
S. Katherine : the Pilgrims' way thither, the Red Sea, Mecca, the Pyramids,
the so-called Pompey column, &c. The City of Jerusalem occupies the main
part, giving views of all_ the objects of pilgrimage, such as the Temple of
Solomon {i.e., the Mosque of Omar), the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (from
the same point of view as the larger one described below), the Hospital for
pilgrims. Place of burial for pilgrims, the Cenaculum, the Golden Gate, and
others more or less authentic as the Houses of Pilate, Caiaphas, Herod, S. John
the Evangelifet, the Virgin, S. Anne, places of martyrdom, &c. &c.(i) At foot
of the view is the following inscription with regard to the respective merits of
Indulgences to be had by visiting the various places depicted in the view : —
Nota. qD vbicuq3 reperit duplex ^ crux signata In eo loco est plenaria remissio
om'i peccatorum. Vbi uero simpla + crux. Ibi est Indulgetia septenis cum
tottidem carenis.(2) Drach's copy of the cut is recognised by the title civitas
iHERVSALEM being considerably thickened at foot of each letter, forming
wedges as it were.

Weill, {La PresqiCile du Sinai, p. 282), speaks highly of Reuwich's map
from a geographical point of view as follows : — " On se rend le mieux compte
de I'interet que present la carte de Rewich, lorsqu'on compare ses indications a
celles que donnent, pour le nord de la mer Rouge et pour la Palestine, les
nombreux planispheres que nous possedons de la deuxieme moitie du XV^ Siecle.
La misere de ces cartes generales dans le region qui nous interesse, est extreme ;
elles ignorent non seulement Rewich, mais encore les belles cartes catalanes du

(0 Cf. Watson (Col. SirC. M.), The Traditional Sites on Sioit, in Palestine Explor. Fund, Quarterly
Statement, 1910, pp. 196-220, in which is a table of places in Jerusalem mentioned by various pilgrims
from A.D. 333 to Felix Fabri, 1483. Those shewn at the present day are practically the same as those
given by Fabri. who is " the last pilgrim upon whom we have to rely, before the Turks, under Sultan
Selim I, invaded Syria in 1517 and took possession of Jerusalem." No mention, however, is made of
the important views in Breydenbach's book. Views of the City, of the Mosque of Omar, the Church,
Pompey's Pillar, &c., taken in 1839, should be compared : see Roberts (D.), The Holy Land, 1842 ;
Egypt and Nubia, 1846, where also are given views of the Convent of S. Katherine, &c. What pur-
ports to be the latter place is also represented in a cut in the Viaggio da Venetia (8\o. editions).

(2| The entire map is reproduced by Rohricht in Z.D.P.V. xxiv (1901) with all names thereon
transcribed below : it should be compared with that of William Wey (Itineraries 1458 & 1462 : also
given by Rohricht, Z.D.P.V. xxvii) which is entirely fanciful.

siecle precedent, et regressent, en ce qui concerne la mer Rouge, jusqu'aux
formes inexactes et grossieres du X^ au Xllle siecle, qui ignorant I'existence
du golfe d'Akaba. C'est une chose vraiment extraordinaire, qu'il faille main-
tenant que nous attendions jusqu'apres le milieu du XVIIe siecle pour voir les
geographes decouvrir a nouveau le bifurcation terminale de la mer Rouge."

With regard to Alexandria, the next view to appear is probably that in
P. Belon du Mans, Observatious . . en Grcce . . Egypte, &c., Paris, 1553.

g. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre. This view is mentioned by Fabri
as follows : — " Dominus Bernhardus de Braitenbach . . qui fuit comes meae
secundae peregrinationis, in quo artificiali effigiatione fecit figuram dominici
monumenti depingi, sicut et alia, ut patebit," &c.(')

" If anyone wishes to see the form of this church [of the H.S.], let him
look at the 'Pilgrimage' written by . . Lord Bernhard de Braitenbach . . where
he will be able to see its image drawn clearly as if he were standing in the
courtyard and beholding it with his eyes." (2)

Compare other views from the same point of vantage in Zuallardo, Viaggio
di Gems., Roma 1587; Amico (Bern.), Piante et hnmagini de Sacri Edifizi di
Terra Santa, Flor. 1620 (& i6og) ; Fuerer (Chr.), Itinerariiim, Nuremb. 1621,
(the last two probably owing a good deal to Zuallardo) ; and modern ones,
Lacroix, Milit. & Relig. Life, 1874, p. 106, and Journal R. Inst. Brit. Architects,
1910, p. 709.(3)

10-15. Figures of Saracens, Jews, Greeks, Syrians, Abyssinians and Turks.
An appreciation of these cuts is thus given by G. Brunet : — " Les dessins de
costumes sont d'une verite frappante : ils ne ressemblent en rien aux Orientaux
de fantaisie que presentent les tableaux ou les manuscrits a miniatures ante-
rieurs a Breydenbach : ils ont une originalite, un couleur locale que ne possedent
point les nombreux ouvrages publies sur I'Orient pendant pres de trois siecles
et dans lesquels on ne rencontre guere que des souvenirs arranges par la mode
de chaque epoque . . ."(■))

11-17. Alphabets: Arabic, Hebrew, Greek, Syriac, Coptic, Ethiopic and
Armenian. The latter, however, did not appear in more than two editions (ist
German and the Spanish). It must have been intended for the 1st Latin ed.,
but was probably delayed. Curiously it does not appear in Reuwich's Flemish
ed. 1488, Ortuin's of 1489, nor in Drach's of 1490, (which each contain the
original set of blocks) but seems to go direct from Mainz (i486) to Zaragoza
(1498) : see also note p. 16.

(') Fabri, ed. Hassler, I. 32.3.

(a) Fabri, trans. Stewart, I. 427.

3) The latter contains a history and description of tlie Church, by G. Jeffery, pp. 709,750,803.
See also Crawley- Boe\ey (A. \V.), Recent Opiniom on the Site of Calvary, in Palestine Explor. Fund
Quarterly Statement, igio,

(4) Nouv. Biogr. G^n. VII. (1855), 363-4.

Tlie Arabic alphabet is belie\ed to be the first specimen printed of that
language : the same remark probably applies to some of the others. (0

The earliest work entirely in the Arabic character is probably the Book of
Hours printed at Fano, 12 Sept. 1514, by Gregorio de' Gregori : see Briinet,
IV. 859, and facsimile in Bibliofilia, II. 132.

The first work in Hebrew with date is the commentary of Jarchi on the
Pentateuch, printed in 1475 (Feb. 5) at Reggio : see M. Schwab, Incimab.
Orient., 1883, p. 28. and facsimile in Bibliofilia, II. 131 : cf. B.M. Exhibition
Guide, igoi, p. 93. The first Hebrew type appeared at Esslingen, 6 June,
1475, in Petr. Niger, printed by Conrad Fyner : facsimile in Bibliofilia, ibid.
and WooUey Photos. 76.

Greek books were printed very early, the first entirely in the character,
being the Lascaris of 1476, Jan. 30, by D. Paravisinus at Milan : see Proctor,
Printing of Greek, 1900, p. 49. The indications of the pronunciation in the
Breydenbach example are interesting.

Syriac type appeared in Ambrosius (Albonesi) (Th.), Introdiictio in dial-
daictim lingmm, &c., Pavia 1539 : facsimile in Bibliofilia, II. 133. Some of the
other languages are Arabic, Coptic and Armenian, but those characters were
written in, according to Larrivaz, iVote snr les alphabets, &c. A Syriac New
Testament appeared in 1555 at Vienna.

Coptic type was used at Rome 1629 in the A Iphabetuni copttim sen acgyptiacuni.
In the Coptic alphabet there are usually 31 letters, but that in Breydenbach
contains one more.(^)

The first Ethiopic book in its proper character is the Psalter edited by
Jo. Potken. printed at Rome by M. Silber, 1513 : see Schwab, p. 15.

An Armenian Bible was printed at Amsterdam i665 : see Pettigrew,
Biblioth. Sussex., II. p. 16: but Guill. Postel published a volume with the title:
Linguarimi XII, characteribtts differentium alphabetum introdnctio ac legendi modus:
scilicet hebraice . . annenicae, &c., Paris 1538, presumably with the Armenian in
its own character. Breydenbach's cut omits the letter O.

18. The Holy Sepulchre : compare views in books referred to above
(No. 9) and in Doubdan (I.), Voyage de la Terre-Sainte, Paris 1661, pi. p. 54.

19. Animals, with their names inscribed as follows: Seraffa, Cocodrillus,
Capre de India, Vnicornus, Camelus, Salemandra, and a great ape, of which
the name was unknown, (3) together with the statement that these animals were
truly depicted as they were actually seen in the Holy Land. This can be

(I) "On croit que le voyage de Breydenbach est le plus ancien livre ou I'onait imprim^ I'alphabet
arabe : on y trouve cinq autres alphabets, plus ou moins d^figur^s, qui n'ont pas moins ^t^ copife
pendant pres de deux siecles par tons les compilateurs de ce genre, et jusque dans la collection de
Colletet, en i65o. .." Biogr. Universelle, V. (1843), p. 505.

U) " In the Boheiric dialect there are 32." E. A. W. Budge, The Nile, 1910, p. 235.

(3) See pp. xvi, 4.

believed in regard to the figures of the Giraffe (') and Dromedary, which are
admirably drawn (and probably the earliest printed), but the Unicorn is of the
usually accepted shape and the Crocodile, though very near, is not quite as one
knows him now-a-days.

The original blocks of these cuts were used six times in successive editions,
without any noticeable deterioration, (-) their last appearance being in the
Spanish edition of 1498. At Mainz they were used in i486 (twice) and 1488,
then passing to Ortuin at Lyons 1489, they are back in Germany in 1490
(Speier, Drach), and finally go to Hurus at Zaragoza in 1498. Hurus probably
retained them, for when Drach published his two other editions in 1502 and
c. 1505 he was forced to have copies made of the cuts. Topic of Lyons in his
only edition of 148S had other copies made,^the views on metal, and the other
cuts on wood, — probably not attempting to reproduce the elaborate frontis-
piece: if he did make a copy, no example is known. Sorg and Regnault in
their editions did not venture on copying the large views, except in the case of
the latter who gave a new version of that of Jerusalem only, but at the same
time omitted the Figure Studies.

The small cut of the Holy Sepulchre was probably lost in transit between
Lyons and Speier, for it does not appear in the 1490 edition printed at the
latter place, nor in the final folio edition, viz., Zaragoza 1498.

Copies and Adaptations of Woodcuts.

The earliest edition of Breydenbach with close copies (on wood) of the
folding views and other cuts was that of Peter Drach at Speier in 1502. They
appear once again in the undated German edition c. 1505, which is, on that
account, assigned to the same press. A few of the differences between the
copies and originals are pointed out above at pp. xxii-xxiv.

Anton Sorg of Augsburg, however, had already made copies of the smaller
cuts (omitting the large views) in his edition of 1488, Apl. 22. This was soon
followed by the edition of Topie and Heremberg at Lyons 1488, Nov. 28,
which has different copies of the smaller cuts; all the large views being imitated
by engraving on metal plates. These are self-evident, and cannot be mistaken
for the original woodcuts. All the inscriptions on these plates are copied from

(0 An early description of the Giraffe is given by Pierre Gilles (14O0-1555), in Aldrovandus, De
Quadrup. Bisulc, 1642, p. 930, with a woodcut : one of the Dromedary is also given at p. 908. The
Baboon (called "Cercopitheus Formae Rarae") is also represented in Aldrovandus, De Qmdr. Digit.
Vivip., 1645, p. 249; this cut is evidently adapted from Breydenbach's, but is in reverse.

Reversed copies of the Giraffe, Baboon and Salamander are previously found in Gesner, Hist.
Animal. (Quadr. Vivip.) Zurich 1551, pp. 160.970 and App. 27. Regarding the Baboon, the acknow-
ledgment of the source of information is made: "ex Germanico quodam. libro descriptionis Terrae
Sanctae mutuati."

(2) As a matter of fact, the impressions are better in many respects in the 1498 edition than in the
earlier ones ; on account of heavier inking they shew more detail, the Spanish press-work being most
excellent in every way.

the original cuts which have the names in the Latin form, with the exception
of the Jerusalem view, which in the Lyons edition has had the names and
legends translated into French. That in the scroll over the island in the
Modon view is also translated : " Monast"\ s'cte marie," the original being in
German (not Latin).

Fran9ois Regnault in his two editions (1517 & 1522) adapted and altered
the Jerusalem view, and of the other cuts copied only the alphabets, presum-
ably direct from the 1488 Lyons edition.

Reuw ich's cuts are also the basis of views in other books which are not
editions of Breydenbach, but needless to say, the fact is never acknowledged.
The most important of these works is the Nuremberg Chronicle of H. Schedel.(')
Amongst the many views of cities and other places therein, many of which are
are quite authentic, the following are evidently copied from Breydenbach :

folio I vo. Frontispiece, see remarks p. xxi and reproduction, Essenwein,
Holzschn. zit Niiriib., 1875, pi. cxxxviii.
26 Rhodes : from portion of the original by Reuwich.

29 iw. Mainz : from portion of Candia.
43-44. Venice : freely copied from a part of the original.
57-58. Rome : compare Spanish view of 1498, note p. 35.

For Jerusalem and the Church, the artist of the Chronicle seems to have
drawn largely on his imagination.

Four of the large Breydenbach views, as well as the Church, were copied
in small or adapted in the Viazo da Venesiai'^) previously referred to; that of
the Church front in that work (reproduced from a late edition) having since
acquired the reputation of being the earliest picture of the building known, and
published as such in more than one work of authority.

In Munster's Cosnwgraphia, Basil. 1572, pp. 1 173-4, the cut of the Church
and one or two others appear to have been copied (and reversed) from the
Viazo da Venesia. In several of the books with views cited above, Reuwich's
picture of the church seems to have been used in copying.

In a cut of the Deposition from the Cross (3) found in the Missah Romanum,
Venet., B. Stagnino, 1511, is given a distant view of Jerusalem with the
Church, Solomon's Temple, &c., from a slightly different point of view. This
may also have been copied from Breydenbach.

The Alphabets were copied in books as late as i56o, according to note

(I) Libri Cronicarum cum figuris et ymaginibus ab inicio mundi. Nuremberg, A. Koberger, 1493.

(J) See reproductions from the 1518. 1520 and 1524 editions in Essling, Livres a fig. Vinit. II. 2.
PP- 353"4.7- These include the animals, the ape now receiving the name of " Babuin." The cuts in
the original fol. edition of 1500 have no resemblance to the later editions in 8vo., nor to the Breyden-
bach. The only cut which seems to be at all truthful is that of the church of the Holy Sepulchre,
and that seems to have been drawn from disnif-iions and not from the actual building. Another cut in
the 1500 edition is that of the " Gyraffola," but though near to Nature, does not approach Reuwich's
cut in truth.

01 See reproduction in Ongania, L'Aite dilla Stamfa, 1894, II. p. 64.

at p. xxvi above. The Animals also provided illustrations for standard works
on Natural History down to 1645 at least ; see note p. xxvii above.

The possibility of a large cut of Turks in Caoursin, Ulm 1496, having
been based on a similar cut in Breydenbach is remarked at p. 13.

Even the eminent painter Carpaccio recognised the merit of Reuwich's
figure studies, for three figures from the Breydenbach are introduced into his
painting of the Triumph of S. George,(') viz., the two centre figures (woman
and man) in the cut of Saracens, and the right hand figure in the cut of
Abyssinians. Solomon's Temple and the Church Tower also form part of the
background, and should be compared with Breydenbach.

The most noteworthy instance of plagiarism from Reuwich's cuts, (hitherto
unnoticed, so far as the present writer knows) is that in the famous letter of
Christopher Columbus (-) translated in 1493. The Basle edition of 1494
has four woodcuts, the first and last of which contain figures of ships,
generally considered to be, as is natural, virtuallj' authentic pictures of the
Admiral's own vessels. It is obvious, however, on comparison with the figures
in the Breydenbach views, that the first Columbus cut is directly copied (and
reduced) from the Pilgrims' vessel seen in the view of Rhodes ; and the fourth
cut, from that in the Modon view. Both are reversed in copying as regards
left and right, but the details are the same, even (in the case of the first cut)
down to the Lion of Venice on the awning, and the two flags at stern, which
are now turned towards the head of the vessel so as save space laterally. The
Jerusalem cross at the head, the copyist had sense enough to omit : even the
cattle in the pens are retained.

One naturally wonders if Ferdinand Columbus had ever noticed that these
particular cuts in his copy of the Spanish Breydenbach (3) had supplied the
bases of the pictures in his distinguished father's book.

Details of Printing, &c.
The three editions probabK- prepared under the supervision of Breyden-
bach, i.e., the first Latin i486, the first German i486, and that in Flemish, 1488,
have colophons which clearly state that they were printed at Mainz by Erhard
Reuwich (the illustrator of the work). It has been thought, in consequence of
the similarity or identity of the types with those used by Schoeffer, that he

U) One of a series painted between 1502-11 for the chapel of S. Giorgio dei Schiavoni, Venice,
where they are still preserved. The original drawing for the picture mentioned above is preserved
in the Uffizi, Florence.

(2) Epistola de insulis nuper repertis ; describing the first \oyage to America, a very rare book of
which a few editions are known, mostly undated : one dated Rome 1493 : also printed with Car.
Verardus, In laiidcm Ferdinandi Hispdnianim regis, Bethicne (~ regni Granatae obsidio, &c. [Basle. J. Berg-
mann] 1494.

Since the above was in type, Mr. Seymour de Ricci has kindly pointed out that " the same
reference occurs with full details in Henry Harrisse, ' Christophe Colomb et les Acad^miciens
espagnols,' Paris, 1894, i2mo., p. 88."

(3) See p. 38 present description for Ferdinand's copy.

was t-he actual printer, Reuwich's name appearing as that of a publisher. The
statement, however, appears in the German edition that the printing was
actually executed in the house of Reuwich : " und die truckerey yn synem huss
volfuret." (i) No other books, however, are known with the name of Reuwich
in the colophon, so that the assumption is, if he actually printed the Breyden-
bachs himself, he probably borrowed the type for the time being.

The onlj' edition without colophon is No. VI, which, although the type is
similar to that in the originals, we believe to have been printed by P. Drach at
Speier, and not earlier than 1505, for reasons given at p. 15. (^)

It is to be presumed that the paper used in several of the editions was
manufactured especially for this work, judging by the various emblems re-
presented in the watermarks, such as the Jerusalem and other crosses, the
Calvary,(3) the head of Christ (?), &c.(4)

Regarding the collation of each edition : two of which were printed without
quire signatures, folio numbers or catchwords. In the following descriptions it
has been considered more reasonable in those cases to count in every leaf of the
folding views as if part of the letterpress, whether certain portions of these
cuts have text on the backs or not, as in this way a certain uniformity is
retained throughout with regard to all editions. The alternative is to count in
only those portions of the views which have letterpress on the backs as integral
portions of the book, but in that case one cannot readily remember, in the case
of an imperfect copy, how many pages of letterpress the missing portions of the
views represent ; for instance, in the first Latin edition there are g letterpress
pages printed thus, and in the first German edition there are as many as 12,
(excluding in both cases the view of Jerusalem which has only two woodcuts
on back).

With regard to the other editions there is not the same difficulty in
referring to certain pages, for they all bear quire signatures, mostly including
the views, but usually omitting that of Jerusalem in the quire-alphabet. In
one case, however, (Flemish edition, 1488) the Jerusalem view is reckoned in
as a whole quire of the book, — sheet "g," (6 leaves), and also bears two pages
of letterpress on back.

As a rule it is more convenient to consider this view as a plate hors texte,
as in the other editions there is no letterpress thereon, and it has no fixed or
determinate place in the volume. Usually it is placed before Part II. where

(') See p. 10. Also retained, presumably by oversight, in the German edition here assigned to
P. Drach, c. 1505 : see p. 15.

(s) It may be noted that the Mainz Missal, by the authority of Abp. Berthold, was printed in
14814?] by Schoeffer, and in 1497, Sept. 4, by Drach.

(3) This may represent the monies gaudii or monti dejoie built up with stones by pilgrims at certain
places.

M It is very difficult to be certain of the identity of paper in any two copies of the same or
different editions, even if they have the same device for watermark, for it must be borne in mind that
the same device appears in paper evidently made in different moulds, and in consequence the details
of the device vary in shape.

the Pilgrimage to S. Katherine's commences, or at the end of same ; sometimes
before the Description of the Holy Land, in which case it interferes with the
sequence of the text. If this view were counted in with the letterpress like the
other views, (which have fixed places in the volume) the folio numbers assigned
to it would vary according to the position in which it happened to be placed in
the copy.

In one edition with quire-signatures (German, undated), none of the views
has one assigned to it, but it is obvious by the letterpress on backs where the
first six views should be placed. The place of the copper-plate views in the
edition of Lyons 1488 is determined by the mention of them in text ; they
naturally have no signature. The Spanish edition is exceptional in having folio
numbers added to parts of the views, but no signatures, so that, as will be seen,
there is much diversity in the arrangement of the technical details, no two
editions exactly agreeing.

For convenience of reference the different sections in the following des-
criptions are indicated by the first line of each commencing a quarter of an
inch to the left of the main paragraph : each description being thus divided : —
(i) Compressed title and date. (2) Exact transcription of the principal head-
ings and divisions of the original text. (3) Type, signatures, cuts, binding
briefly mentioned. (4) The Edition. (5) Bibliographical references. (6) Run-
ning description of contents. (7) Description of woodcuts. (8) Details of
type, paper, &c. (9) Collation.

All the editions are described from the copies in the Library of Mr. C.
Fairfax Murray : to whom, also, the present compiler is indebted for the note
on Carpaccio.

H. W. D.

SYNOPSIS OF THE EDITIONS WITH WOODCUTS,
HERE DESCRIBED.

Oidei- in
Dtscrip-
tious.

Laiif^uage

Year

Month

Place

Printer

Illustra-
tions

Order

of date

I

Latin

i486

Feb. II

Mainz

Reuwich

originals

I

II

-.

1490

July 29

Speier

Drach

originals

7

III

..

1502

Nov, 24

,.

„

copies C

9

IV

German

i486

June 21

Mainz

Reuwich

originals

2

V

,.

1488

Apl. 22

Augsburg

Sorg

copies A

3

VI

„

[c. 1505]

—

[Speier]

[Drach]

copies C

10

VII

Flemish

1488

May 24

Mainz

Reuwich

originals

4

VIII

French

(N. le Huen)

1488

Nov. 28

Lyons

Topie and
Heremberg

copies B

5

IX

"

1517

Oct. 12

Paris

Higman
for Regnault

copies D

II

X

„

I522(-3)

Mar. 22

„

for Regnault

copies D

12

XI

French

(J. de Hersin)

i489(-90)

Feb. 18

[L\ons]

[Ortuin]

originals

6

XII

Spanish

1498

Jan. 16

Zaragoza

P. Hurus

originals

8

DESCRIPTION OF THE EDITIONS.

I

BREYDENBACH (Bernhard von). Peregrinationes in Terram
Sanctam. Mainz, E. Keuwich, ii Feb. i486

F.ia : [blanhl F.ib: [full-page zvoodcut] F. 2a (dedication): (R)Euerendissimo in x'po
patri et dno dno | Bertholdo sancte Magutin. sedis Archi | episcopo Sacri
Romani Imperii per | germania Archicancellario ac principi | electori dno suo
gratiosissimo Bernhar | dus de Breydenbach dicte ecclesie Ma- | guntineii. de-
canus simul et camerarius | obedientiam proniptam et deuota. [ . . F.3i (Table):
Continentiam huius operis subiecta monstrabunt. | F.^b [large type): Prefatio in
opus transmarine perg- [sic] \ grinationis ad venerandu et glorio- | sum sepulcru
dominicu in Iherusale | . . F.8a: Sequitur inicium huius peregrinationis a solo |
natali vsq3 venecias. | F.6ga : In secunda partem prime huius partis principalis
de moribus | ritibus et erroribus eolf qui sancta inhabitat terra p'fatiucula
incipit. I F. 112a (line 13): Prima huius operis pars finit | F. 112b (large type):
In secunda peregrinations ab lerusalem | per solitudine in montem Synai ad
sanctam | Katherinam p'fatio comendaticia incipit fe- | liciter. | [O] Uisquis
veteris instrumenti sa- | eras legit historias . . ^.1426; Secunda peregrinationis
ad diuam virginem et martirem | Katherinam in montem Synai processus Finit
feliciter. | ^.1430; Iste sunt jnsule a venecijs vsq3 Rodum. | F.i44a; Sequutur
quedam comunia vocabula de ydiomate sarracenico in | latinum translata. |
F.i45fl: In sequentes historias p'fatiucula incipit feliciter. | F.i^jb (Colophon):
Sanctaru peregrinationu in montem Syon ad venerandu xp'i se | pulcru in
lerusalem. atq3 in monte Synai ad diua virgine et matire[s!V] | Katherina
opusculum hoc cotentiuu [siV] p' Erhardu reiiwich de Traiecto | inferior! im-
pressum In ciuitate Moguntina Anno salutis. M.cccc. ] l.xx.xvj. die. xi. Februarij
Finit feliter. [sic] | [device below]

Handsome German gothic type, 42-44 long lines to a page, some headings in much
larger type (10 11. = 72 mm.), without signatures or foliation, woodcut views
and other illustrations, blank spaces provided for initials which have been
supplied in red or blue by a contemporary hand. Fol., leaves meas. ii-J x 8|,
18th cent. French mottled calf gilt, in. e.

FIRST EDITION.

Hain, Repertoyium *3956 ; Copinger, Supplement I. p. 126 ; Pellechet, Incunables 2979 (Bib. Nat. copy
lacks fol. i) ; Proctor, Index 156 ; Pollard, Cat. Brit. Mtis. I. p. 43, IB. 331. Muther, Deutsche
BiUherilliist. 639 ; Dibdin, Bibl. Spencer. III. pp. 216-22S. with 8 reproductions (inexact and partial) :
that copy lacked the first leaf. Rylands Catalogue (1899) I. Moser [Sertipeum, III.) No. i,
describes the copy in the Kgl. Oeff. Bibl. Stuttgart, which lacks two views and one leaf.
Schaab, Gesch. dcr Erfind. der Buchdiucketkunst, 1830, I. 529-34. VouUieme, No. 1564, states that
the Kgl. Bibl. Berlin copy lacks the ist leaf. Van Praet, Livres sur viiin, Bibl. dit Roi, V. pp. 150-1.
Burger, Momtmenta Typogr., pi. 18, gives a reproduction of fol. 66 vo.

First Latin Edition, i486: continued.

The first page is blank, on the verso being the fine full-page woodcut described below. On next
page commences the Dedication of Breydenbach to Bertholdus [de Henneberg] . archbishop-
elector of Mainz, with the arms of the latter introduced into the initial R. This dedication ends
on fol. 3 recto, on verso beginning the Contents with the Itinerary from Venice to Jerusalem.
This ends on recto of fol. 4, on verso commencing the Preface occupying 7 pages.

The passage referring to the artist Erhard Reuwich and the origin of the book begins on the
7th leaf, line 4 from foot, as follows (copied literatim) : " Porro quo banc meam p'fectione [pro-
fectionem] siiie (vtaiut) | reysam. vtilem no soliim michi sed et alijs fidelibus facerem. et maxi- |
me generosoli. claroruue hominu animos in earn ip'am magis magisq3 | comouerem. operam
nauaui q3 exactam. vt inter peregrinandu me de II (vt-yso) : omnibiis que scitu necessaria di-
guaq3[s;V] essent cognitu facerem certiorem | studiose singula p'scrutando. nee vllis parcendo
expensis. Huius rei | gratia ingeniosum et eruditu pictorem Erhardu SC3 rewich de traiecto j
inferior! op'e preciu duxi mecu assumere vti et feci, qui a veneciano por [ tu et deinceps potioru
ciiiitatu. quibus terre pelagiq3 transitu applica- j re oportet. p'sertim sacrol^ in terra sancta
loco 2^ dispositiones, situs et fi | guras. quoad magis proprie fieri posset, artificiose effigiaret.
transfer- | retq3 in cartam opus visu pulcru et delectabile. cui declaratorias notu | las. vel latinas.
vel vulgares feci per quenda aliu doctu viru ad vo- | turn meu apponi. Quod quidem p'fectum
opus, impressorie artis aminculo cuctis habere volentibus comunicandu. vtina. inten | to optatoq3
baud vacuu fructu euadat. | "

The other reference to Reuwich is in the 2nd part, fol. 116 vo. " Cum hiis erat inter ceteros
eorum farailiares pictor ille artificiosus et | subtilis Erhardus rewich de Traiecto inferior! qui
omnia loca in hoc | opere depicta docta manu effigiauit | " This is the same in the other Latin
editions of 1490 and 1502, but varies in the German and Flemish editions (q.v.), having a state-
ment added regarding the actual printing of the book.

On fol. S begins the Account itself, the three companions starting from Oppenheim on S.
Mark's day [Apl. 25] 14S3. " De forma contractus cu patrono galee." commences on same page
and ends on fol. g verso : then follows the List of Relics at Venice, of those at Padua, and the
" Oratio commendaticia ciuitatis et dominationis veneciarum," ending fol. 12 verso. Then the
Journal, partly printed on the backs of the large Views : this ends on the verso of the 49th leaf,
counting each leaf of the Views. Then on the 50th. " Compendiosa terre sancte descriptio. et
singuloll locorum quorum habet nomina sequens pictura." This ends on the 64th leaf verso
and is followed by a blank page (fol. C5 recto). On verso begins " De montibus Israhel."
Fol. 69 : " De moribus ritibus et erroribus " of the inhabitants of the Holy Land, cap. i beirg
" De ortu et origine Machometi"; cap. 5: " De articulis in alkorano seu lege machometica
cotentis" : descriptions of the Saracens, the Jews (with a money table shewing their extortionate
usury), Greeks and Syrians: then the principal heresies, viz., Jacobites [Copts], Nestorians,
Armenians, Georgians, Abyssinians (or "Indians"), and Maronites. Fol. 100 to. : " De causis
varietatis errorij et sectaru multiplicium." Fol. 102: " De Latinis qui sunt in Jerusalem"; on
verso commencing, " luctuosa oratio sup' desolatione terre sancte." and other laments on the
state of the country. Fol. no vo. (at foot) : "Sequitur visio quedam horribilis. ostensa karolo
qiionda Imperatori qui caluus cognominabatur et quartus post karolum magnu Imperium guber-
nauit .." i.e., a recital by Charles the Bald in the first person, taken from Vincent of Beauvais
according to the Contents (see fol. 4 recto) : this terminating the first part of the book — on
fol. 112.

Then on verso of fol. 112 commences (with 18 lines of large missal type) the account of the
pilgrimage made to the Shrine of S. Katherine on Mount Sinai. On fol. 115 vo. are the terms of
the contract, followed by a list of the party, including the famous Felix Fabri "multa expertus."
This part of the Journey commenced on 24 Aug. [14S3]: the return from Mount Sinai towards
Cairo being made 27 Sept. (fol. 123). Fol. 131 vo.: " De transitu ex Chayro per Nylum versus
Alexandrium." The Voyage finishes on Jan. 8 [1484] when Venice is sighted (fol. 142 vo.)
Then follows a large folding view of Jerusalem and the Holy Land, with a small view of the
Holy Sepulchre and a full-page cut of animals on two blank pages of the back of same. Then
on next page, " Iste sunt insule a veneciis usq3 Rodum," i.e., an itinerary with distances: ending
on verso. Then on next two pages a Vocabulary of "Saracen" words with Latin equivalents.

On fol. 145 (not counting the View of Jerusalem), begins a History of the Siege of Constantinople
in 1482, the capture of Nigroponte and the Siege of Rhodes, ending " De captione ciuitatis
ydruntine '' [Otranto] on fol. 156 vo. ; followed by a recipe from Hali viediciis for sea-sickness,
and another "De cautela contra pediculos ac pulices et muscas in mari," not one of the least

First Latin Edition, 1486 : continued.

troubles that pilgrims were subject to : (also referred to in the Hortus Sanitatis. Animals c. iig,
and the anonymous Voyage de Hierusalem made in 14S0) : then the colophon and device on
verso of fol. 157.

The date of composition is given on fol. 102 vo., live 21 (" luctuosa oratio ") : . . ad annu in-
camati ver [ bi nuc currente videlicit. M.cccc.lxxxv. The same date also occurs on fol. 83 tJO.,
line 30 : in hodiernum tempus currente scz anno dfii | Millesimoquadringentesimo octuagesimo-
quinto . . These dates are retained in the other Latin editions.
The sizes of the large folding woodcut views (described at pp. xxi-xxiv) are as follows : —

1 CIVITAS VENECIARV 644 x loj inches: in 4 sections: equivalent to 8 leaves of book.

2 PARENS I5i X loj ,. I ,, ..2

3 CORFVN 16 X 10 ,, I .. ,. 2

4 MODON 31I X lof ,, 2 ,. ,,4

5 CANDIA 3ii X 10 ,, 2 ., ,, 4

6 RODIS 32J X loj ,, 2 ,, ,,4

7 CIVITAS IHERVSALEM 50 x loj ,, 3 ,, ,, 6

(These measurements are those of the block, excluding blank margins, and are as accurate as
possible, but all copies are bound to vary from each other more or less, according to the amount
of use to which they have been subject, the stretching of the paper, &c.)

Certain pages of the text are printed on the otherwise blank backs of the views as follows : —
No. of pages. No. 0/ lines. Commencing.

I Venice i > 2 + 29 Sequitur d[e]scriptio processus .. ex vene- |

last line : . . cuimus Parentino. |
I 25 Est aut parentiu ciuitas . .

I 41 Die quarta mensis lunii . .

( 3q De Zara ciuitate . .

Corfu 2 T *T- J nr

(22 Tandem iilius suus ..

Modon I 38 [D]Ie quintadecima mensis lunii ..

Candia i 25 De Candia . .

(44 [D]Ie. x\'i. mensis lunii ..

(44 olim extructa. ..

I Woodcut of Holy Sepulchre.
7 Jerusalem 2 j Woodcut of Animals.

In the present example Drach's copy of 1502 is substituted for the original impression of the
Venice view : the measurements however are those of the original of i486.
The other woodcuts in the volume are as follows. That on the verso of first leaf (recto blank)
occupies the entire page and consists of a female figure representing the city of Mainz (?)
[obviously not S. Katherine as stated elsewhere], supporting three shields bearing the arms of
the three companions: Bernhardus de Breidenbach, Johannes Comes in Solms et dominus in
Mintzenberg, Philippus de Bicken miles, as indicated by the inscribed scrolls. The upper part
is occupied by children playing amid foliage. This cut is considered to be the earliest with
cross-hatching used in the execution.

On the opposite page is the " rustic " initial R with the arms of the archbishop of Mainz. It
is to be remarked that the archbishop's personal arms (Henneberg) occupy the first and fourth
quarters.

On the verso of 4Jst leaf is the large cut of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, inscribed :
Hec est dispositio et figura templi dnici sepulchri. ab extra: and below : Ante . templii . sepul-
chri . dni . locat9 . e . lapis . iste . sup', quo . xp9 . cruce3 . bainlas[5/V] . ceci . dit •*^- .

Further on are five oblong cuts of figures representing the different nationalities as mentioned
above, viz., Saracens (with veiled woman having a kind of cage enclosing her face), a Jew and
his debtor, Greeks, including a monk, Syrians, Abyssinians, including a priest. Besides these
are examples of alphabets, giving the native characters and their pronunciation, viz.. Arabic
(considered to be the first one printed : probably the same with most of the others), Hebrew,
Greek, Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic. Spaces of similar size are provided probably for other cuts,
but they were never printed. These would be the Jacobites. Nestorians, Armenians, Georgians,
Maronites. The description of the Armenians termmates with the following words ; ** Est aut"
hec eo2| littera q' hie infra annotat'. " which indicate that this particular alphabet was intended
to be cut, but it did not actually appear until four months later (German edition i486).

On the 6th leaf after the Jerusalem view is another figure study — of " genetzer turci,"' i.e.,

Parenzo

Rhodes

First Latin Edition, i486 : continitcd.

eight Janissaries on horseback, some playing musical instruments The Tartar origin of one the
figures is admirably expressed.

folios.

Figures.
Saracens

Alphabets
Arabic

Jews
Greeks

Hebre\
Greek

8S J'O

Fignyes. Alplieibets. folios.

— Syriac 93

— Coptic 94
Abyssinians — 96 vo.

Ethiopic 97

90 ro.

92 Turks

Syrians — 92 fo.

On the back of the Jerusalem view are two other cuts, viz., a small view of the Holy Sepulchre
itself, inscribed : Forma et dispositio dominici sepulchri : the other a full-page cut of animals.
Seraffa (giraffe), Cocodrillus, Capre de India, Vnicornus, Camelus, Salemandra and a great ape,
below which is " Non constat de nole [nomine]" cut on the block. Below these is the line in
type, " Hec animalia sunt veraciter depicta sicut vidimus in terra sancta." If the view were
taken out and laid face downwards the cut of Animals would be seen to occupy the first page,
and that of the Sepulchre the second.

A space on fol. 46 vo. is provided, perhaps for a view of Bethelehem, but this is unknown.

On the last page of the book is a pretty device of a woman (Pin oriental dress) holding a shield
with the Henneberg arms.

Except for a small woodcut initial on fol. 4 verso, the initial letters are all supphed in red or
blue by a contemporary hand.
The four pages in centre of last sheet are several lines short of the usual number, containing only
39, 35, 35, 39 respectively, instead of 43. This discrepancy is caused merely by a miscalculation
of the printer in finishing the book — no part of text is missing.
At foot of 2nd leaf is faintly written ; " Stephanus Baluzius Tutelensis," i.e., the historian Etienne
Baluze, born at Tulle 1630 : librarian to Colbert 1667 : died Paris 1718.

According to Vapereau 45 of his works were printed, and that " Les livres de sa riche biblio-
theque furent vendus en detail ; les manuscrits, au nombre de quinze cents, furent acquis pour
la Bibliotheque royale " : see also P. Paris, MSS. de la Bihl. dii Roy, passim.

This volume is No. 707 in Bibliotheca Baluziana, Paris, 1719, I. p. 43, and afterwards belonged

to the distinguished collector Rev. Michael Wodhull (1740-1816) who purchased it from the

bookseller Payne in 17S3, Nov. 20 : according to WodhuU's autograph note it was formerly the

Rev. Mr. Crofts' (whose library was sold in 1783 — a 42 days' sale). In margins there are a few

MS. notes in an early hand.

It is useful to note that three kinds of paper were used in this edition, the distance between the

chain-lines (upright water-marks) being as follows: — (i) 3S-39 mm. ; (2) 35 mm. ; (3) 27-28 mm.

They appear to be mixed, but No. 2 predominates. In the first two quires No. i is used for the

frontispiece (ai) and corresponding leaf (a6), while No. 2 appears for b3 & 4 (centre) and No. 3

I for a2-5, bi. 2, 5. 6. The watermark-device is a bull's head with Tau cross in three sizes,

1 measuring altogether about 56, 62 and 70 mm. in height.

Proctor (Index, p. 35) remarks that possibly Schoffer was the printer of the books bearing
Reuwich's name, pointing out that the latter's types i cS: 2 are the same as Schoffer's types 8 & 7:
(see note to 1st German edition p. 10 and to Flemish edition p. 18).
Collation : — There are no printed signatures, but the quires can be traced by the sewing as follows :
[ab5; c8(Venice); d2 (Parenzo) ; e2(Corfu); f4 (Modon) ; g4(Candia); h4(Rhodes); i-u8,
xio, yzS, last blank] = 158 leaves, unnumbered + view of Holy Land 6 11. Total number of
single leaves including extensions of views. 164. Compare collations given by Pellechet and
Pollard as above. The last blank leaf is lacking in the present copy.

There is no foliation, but in the above description the Views, with their extensions, are counted
in as though they were leaves of letterpress, as follows: Venice, ff. 13-20: Parenzo, 21-22;
Corfu, 23-24 ; Modon, 23-28 ; Candia, 29-32 : Rhodes, 33-36. The Jerusalem view is placed
between ff. 142-3.

II

BREYDENBACH (B. von). Peregrinationes in Terram Sanctam.

Speier, Peter Drach, 29 July, 1490

Sig. [ai]: [blank] Sig. [ai vo.]: [full-page moodciit as before] Sig. a2: (R)Eueren-
dissimo in christo patri et dno dno Ber- | tholdo sancte Maguntin. sedis Archi-
episcopo I Sacri Rhomani Imperij per germania Archi ] cancellario ac principi
electori dno suo gratiosis- | sinio. Bernardus de Breydenbach dicte ecclesie |
Maguntinen. decanus . . Sig. a^ {li7te ^): Continentiam huius operis subiecta
monstrabunt. | Sig. a 3 vo. {line 25, large type): Prefatio in opus transmarine
peregri- | nationis ad venerandum et gloriosum se- | pulchruin dominicum in
Hierusaleni . . Sig. a6 (line 14) : Sequitur initium huius peregrinationis a solo|
natali vsq3 venetias. | Sig. g6: In secundam partem prime huius partis prin-
cipalis de moribus ritibus et errori | bus eo2^ qui sancta inhabitat terra
p'faciuncula incipit. | Sig. I3 {line 28): Prima huius operis pars finit. | {large
type) : In secundam peregrinatione ab Hieru | saleni per solitudine in montem
Synai ad | sanctam Catherinam p'fatio comendatitia | incipit feliciter. | 5!^.
n 7 vo. {line 29) : Secunde peregrinationis ad diuam virginem z martyrem
katherinam | in montem Synai processus Finit feliciter. | Sig. n8: Iste sunt
Insule a venetijs vsq3 Rodum. | Sig. p i : Sequuntur quedam comunia vocabula
de ideonmate [sic] sarracenico in latinum | translata. | Sig. p i vo. {line 29) : In
sequentes historias prefatiuncula incipit felicitet. | Sig. pio {colophon): Sancta-
rum peregrinationu in montem Syon, ad venerandu christi sepulchrum | in
Hierusalem. atq3 in montem Synai ad diuam virginem et martyre Katherinam
o- I pusculu hoc cotentiuum per Petrum drach ciuem Spirensem impressum
Anno salu- | tis nostre M.cccc.xc. die. xxix. Julii finit feliciter. | [verso blank]
Gothic type, 52 long lines to a page, some headings in a much larger type, with
signatures, but no foliation; woodcut views and other illustrations, blank spaces
provided for initials. Folio, leaves measuring iif x 8 inches, 18th Cent, crimson
morocco, gilt, style of Derome, g. e.
SECOND LATIN EDITION, the first by Drach : with the original Mainz woodcuts.
Hain, Repert. '3957: Copinger. Suppl. I. p. 127: Pellechet. Incunablts 2980, cites three copies, two of
which are in the Bibl. Nat. ; the other at Besan9on is imperfect. Dutuit, Cat., 1SS9, No. 599.
Not in Proctor's Index, therefore no copy in British Museum or Bodleian. The Spencer copy
{see Dibdin, IV. p. 459) "appears to be considerably imperfect," wanting three of the views and
other leaves. Rylands Catalogue (1899) I. Muther. Deutsche Bilcherillnst., No. 756. Voullieme,
No. 2020 (at Berlin). A good copy is also in the library of Mr. C. W. Dyson Perrins.

The present copy was purchased by the Rev. M. WodhuU at " Leigh's auction," May 22, 1789.
The first page is blank, the full-page cut as before being on the verso. Dedication on next page (a2),
followed by the Contents, Preface, &c., the Text commencing on a6. The Views extend from
bi to end of d. The section on Manners and Customs begins on g6 and ends with the Vision
on I3. The second part (Pilgrimage to S. Katherine's) commences on same page and ends on
sig. n7 vo. On nS the Itinerary, then on next leaf in this copy (sig. pi) the Vocabulary; the
History of the Sieges commencing on the verso of same leaf and continuing to the end on sig.
p 10 : verso blank. The two recipes from Hali are retained, but omitted in some other editions.
Reuwich's name is mentioned as before, on as vo. and 1 5 vo.

Second Latin Edition, 1490: continued.

The woodcut frontispiece is the same as in the ist Latin edition by Reuwich ; liliewise the initial R
with arms. Tlie blocks of the folding views being the same as before, the measurements agree
with the list given above, p. 3.

The pages of type, printed on the otherwise blank backs of the views, are as follows ; —
No. of pages. No. 0/ lines. Sigs. Commencing.

f 49 b venetiano duce et senatu . . causam |

1 Venice 2 (2 + 25 — Sequitur descriptio processus .. in ter |

I 21 + I c Est autem Parentium . . sub domi |

2 Parenzo 2 ^ ^g _ pj ,g quarta . . hora |

'1 34 cij De Zara ciuitate .. appel |

3 Corfu 2 {14 + 5 — Tandem filius . . Neapoli- |

4 Modon I 33 ciij [D] le quintadecima . . Corfunam |

5 Candia i i + 21 di De Candia . . 2ni line ends: . . Cretam sine |

I 50 d ij [D] le. xvi. mensis lunij . . satis cur |

6 Rhodes 2 I 39 — ciclum vocant .. circumitu [sic] |

7 Jerusalem i Woodcut of Animals.

The cut of the Animals appears on the first page of the blank back of the last view, but the
Sepulchre cut has been omitted.

It must be remarked that Drach's edition of 1502 is a close imitation of the present one of 1490,
the same type (No. 13) being used, but before 1502 the original cuts used in the present edition
had passed from Drach's hands into those of P. Hurus of Saragossa, who employed them in
his edition of 149S (see No. XII). Drach, therefore, when printing his 2nd edition was forced to
use copies of the originals, which may be identified by the particulars given at p. xxiii. The
close resemblance of the two editions suggests the possibility of cuts from one edition being used
to complete copies of the other, but this may be readily tested, apart from the examination of
the cuts themselves, by the simple measurement of the width of the type column, which in the
1490 edition measures 127 mm. or 5 inches across, and in the 1502 edition as much as 150 mm.
or 5j inches.

On a3 tio. are six lines of large gothic type, and on I3, five lines of the same, measuring 36 mm.
to five lines.

The large cut of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is found on e3 vo. of the present edition.
The figures and alphabets occur as follows : —

Figures.

Alphabets.

Sigs.

Figures.

Alphabets.

Sigs.

Saracens

Arabic

13

—

Syriac

16 vo

Jews

—

13 vo.

—

Coptic

i?

Greeks

Hebrew

i4 vo.

Abyssinians

—

18

—

Greek

is vo.

—

Ethiopic

is vo

Syrians

—

i6

Turks

—

P4

There are three kinds of paper used in this edition, mainly one with a watermark of a large outline
cross with small projections under the arms and on a square base, altogether about 100 mm.
high, chain-lmes 30 mm. apart ; another with a bull's head and Tau cross 60 mm. high, chain-
lines 32-34 mm. apart ; and a few leaves with large bull's head surmounted by a crown and
cinquefoil, 115 mm. high, and chain-lines 35 mm. apart. That on one section of the Jerusalem
view is a Calvary (three mounds and a single-line cross) c. 50 mm. high, chain-lines 30 mm.
apart : (see also German edition, i486).

Collation: — a-n8 [o omitted] , p 10 = 114 ff. 4- View of Jerusalem. Thus, if reckoned as ordinary
leaves of letterpress, the View of Venice = bi-8; Parenzo, Corfu, Modon = ci-8; Candia,
Rhodes = di-8. The Jerusalem view should be considered as a separate quire of six leaves as
it has no signature, and as its proper place seems undetermined. Total number of single leaves,
120, including extensions of views.

It must be noted that in Pellechet the omission of sig. o by the printer is not remarked,
although it is apparently omitted in the reckoning. It may be said that the View of Jerusalem
would fill this lacuna in the signatures, but that place — between the Itinerary and the Vocabulary
— is evidently not its proper one. In the present copy the binder has considered it to form sig. o
and has placed it accordingly ; in Pellechet's description it " se trouvent entre les signat. e et f,"
I.e., before the commencement of the Description of the Holy Land, but in this place, it should
be remarked, the view interrupts the sequence of the text.

Ill

BREYDENBACH (B. von). Peregrinationes in Terram Sanctam.

Speier, Peter Drach, 24 Nov. 1502

^'g- [Ai]- [blank] Ai vo. : [full-page woodcut as before] A 2 {dedication): [R] Euer-
endissimo in xp'o patri z diiodno Ber-|tholdo sancte Maguntih. sedis Archiep'o.
. . A2V0. {line 28): Continentiam huius operis subiecta monstrabunt. | Sig. A3
(line 26) : Prefatio in opus trasmarine peregrinationis ad ve- | nerandu et glorio-
sum sepulchru dominicu in Hierusale . . A 4 to. {line 22): Intentionis explicatio.)
(line 45) : Operis diuisio. | A 5 {line 3) : Sequitur initium huius peregrinationis a
solo natali vsq3 venetias. | Sig. g3 : *f In secunda partem prime huius partis
principalis, de moribus. ritibus. z erroribus eoru. qui | sanctam inhabitant terram
. . Sig. i8 vo. {line 33) : Prima huius operis pars finit.| In secunda peregrinatione
ab Hierusalem per soli | tudinem in monte Synai ad sanctam Katherina . .
Sig. 18 vo. {marked 0) : ^ Iste sunt Insule a venetijs vsq3 Rhodum. | Sig. [m 1] :
Sequunt' quedam comunia vocabula de | ideomate sarracenico in latinu3 trans-
lata. I At end (mS): Sanctaru peregrinationu in monte Syon ad venerandu
christi sepulchru3 in Hierusale. atq3 | in monti Synai ad diuam virgine z
martyrem Katherina opusculu hoc contentiuu [sic] per Petrum | drach ciue
Spirensem imp'ssum Anno . . IM.ccccc.ij. die. xxiiij. nouebris. finit feliciter. |
[verso blank]

Gothic letter, 55 long lines to a page, headings in a larger size, with signatures, but
no foliation ; woodcut views and other illustrations copied from the first edition:
blank spaces provided for initials. Fol., large copy, leaves measuring iif x 8|,
dark red morocco, blind tooled borders, &<;., g. e., by Chambolle-Duru.

THIRD LATIN EDITION, the second by Drach at Speier; the first (?) with his copies of the
original cuts : compare the undated German edition, No. IV.

Proctor, /«(?« (1501-20), No. iiigo. The British Museum copy is imperfect, wanting the view of
Jerusalem and part of Candia and part of Rhodes : it bears the names of several notable owners
as follows: Joh. Meredyth (c. 1590), Ed, Alexander (c. 1640), W. Bayntun (Gray's Inn), W.
Stukeley (Stanford 1730), Dr. R. Farmer, Jos. Banks (with stamp). The Stuttgart copy is very
defective, see Moser in Scrapium III. A copy in the Bibl. Nat. (Res. O2. f. 18).

The first page is blank, the full-page cut as before being on the verso. Dedication on next page (A 2)
followed by the Contents, Preface, &c., the Text commencing on A5. Reuwich's name is
mentioned on A4 vo. (see above p. 2). The Views extend from sig. bi vo. to end of d, Jerusalem
being inserted between e i & 2. The section on Manners and Customs begins on sig. [gj] . The
second part, dealing with the Pilgrimage to S. Katherine, begins on sig. 18 vo. and ends 18: on
verso of which is the Itinerary: on next page [mi] the Vocabulary, followed by the History of
the Sieges, &c., ending the book on m8 with the two Recipes from Hali : verso blank.

The woodcut frontispiece is the same as in the first Latin edition, and is a good clear impression :
neatly coloured by the hand of a contemporary. The block is the original one of 14S6 and was
in the possession of Drach in 1490, but the paper on which it is printed shows, when held to the
light, that the width between the chain-lines does not correspond with that of the lines on sig. A6,
the last leaf of the first quire. As the width between the lines on the first leaf is 38-39 mm. it
would seem as if this leaf were supplied from a copy of the first edition, which has the frontis-
piece printed on the same character of paper (see page 4). The correspondent leaf (A6) in the
present edition of 1502 has the width between chain-lines 30 mm., similar to most of the re-

Third Latin Edition, 1502 : contiinud.

mainder of book, with the exception of sigs. A 2-5 whicli measure 35-37 mm. There is no frontis-
piece in the British Museum copy, the volume beginning on A 2.
I The watermark-device on most of the leaves is a bull's head surmounted by a Tau cross,
I measuring altogether in length about C7 mm., apparently narrower than that in the first edition.
The ornamental initial R to dedication is very different from that of i486, here occupying five
lines of te.\t in depth. The folding woodcut views are all close copies of those in the first edition.
Some of the differences (apart from measurement) between the originals and the copies are
pointed out at p. .\xiii.

■alent to S leaves of book.

CIVITAS

VENECIARV

64i X 10

nches

in 4 sections ; equi

PARENS

I5i X 10

I

CORFVN

15J X 10

I

MODON

31 X 10

2

CANDIA

303 X 10

2 ,,

RODIS

31 X 10

2

CIVITAS

IHERVSALEM

50 X lof

3 .■

Nos. 5 & C in this copy have been transposed by binder. The view of Modon has been sup-
plied from a copy of the 1490 edition by Drach, who at that time had all the original blocks in
his possession : (see No. II). The measurements given above, however, are those of the 1502 view.

The pages of text printed on the otherwise blank backs of the views are as follows : —

So. 0/ piiges. No. of lines.
I 53

3 Corfu

Modon
Candia
Rhodes
Jerusalem

2S

iS

Sigs.

Cllj

di

Commencing.
gruis enutriat . . Mulieres v'o q'n |
Sequitur descriptio p'cessus .. vsq3 1
Est autem Parentinum . . vene I
[D] le quarta mensis Junii . . spacium |
De Zara ciuitate spacio . . sub |
Tandem filius suus . . ip'am pre |
[Dj le quintadecima mensis lunij . .
De Candia . . 2iid litie ends : Candia3 que |

Woodcut of Animals.
Woodcut of Holy Sepulchre.
In this edition the large cut of Animals is printed on the 2nd page on the back of the view of
Rhodes. It is readily distinguished from the original cut by the horns of the giraffe falling u'ithin
the top border-line instead of outside. There is a small break of 14 mm. in the same border-
line. The cut of the Holy Sepulchre occupies the 2nd page on the back of the view of Jerusalem :
the lettering is cut on the block very unevenly, thus differing from the original.

The large cut of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre occurs on sig. 64; the lower inscription is
not copied on the block, but set up in type below.
The smaller cuts occur in the following order ; —
Figures. Alphabets. Sigs.

Jews Arabic h4 w.

Greeks Hebrew h 5 vo.

Syrians Greek h6 10.

— Syriac h 7

Thus, for some reason, the cut of Saracens has bee
The text-type is Drach's No. 13. as reproduced by Proctor (1501-20 German section, fig. 37), from a
book printed by H. Gran at Hagenau, who seems to have discontinued the use of this type
between 1501 and 1506. The first line on A 2 is in type 19, (see Proctor, op. cit. fig. 18), which
seems to be the same as used at Strassburg by J. Priiss the elder. The other headings are in
type 23.
Collation : — A6, b-m8 = 94 leaves, unnumbered + View of Jerusalem. Thus, if reckoned as ordinary
leaves of letterpress, the view of Venice = b 1-8 ; Parenzo, Corfu, Modon = c 1-8 ; Candia, Rhodes
= di-8. The view of Jerusalem is here reckoned as a separate quire of 6 leaves as it has no
signature, and its proper place seems undetermined ; it is inserted between ei & 2 in this copy.
Total number of single leaves including extensions of views, io<-. The following leaves are not
marked with signatures ; A i, c 1, e i, and f, g. i, k (none) : 1 ir. marked o.

Figures.

Alphabets.

Sigs.

—

Coptic

hjvo

Abyssinians

—

h8

—

Ethiopic

hSi'o

Turks

—

m3

;n omitted.

IV

BREYDENBACH (B. von). Peregrinationes, in German: Reise
ins Heilige Land. Mainz, E. Reuwich, 21 June, i486

F.ia: [blank] F.ib: [full-page tt'oodciit] F.2n; Dem hochwirdigsten vatter yn cristo.,<^
vnd herren hern Bertholdo. [ def; heyligen stules zii Mentz Ertzbischoff. des
Romschen riches Ertz- | kantzler durch tiitsche lande vnd kurfursten zc.
mynem gnedigsten her | ren Ich Bernhard v6 Breydenbach def; selben hohen
stifftes yn mentz | dechan vnd Camerer zc. . . F.^a, line 5 (Contents) : Inhalt
dift buchs wiset dif; | nachgende Register. | F.6a, line 10: schon wurdt besch-
rieben. | F.6b: [blank] F.ya (large type): Eyn vorred yn dif j nachgende werck
der I fart uber mer zu de heihgen grab vnsers | herren ihesu cristi gen Jerusalem
ynhal | tende lob und nutz der selben reyf; auch | ufjdrucken meynug und
uf^teylOg dif| | werckes vahet an seHglichen. | F.ioa: Der meynung difj biJchs
angebers uf;druckung. | F.iob : Difj biichs vf^teylung. | F.iia : Hye nach
volget die beschribung der vfjfart von yedes | heymat byfj gen Venedig. |
F.ygb (line 31) : In das ander teyl dif;es ersten furnemlichen teyles zii schriben
von I sytten gewonheyten vfi yrtumen derren die ym heyligen lande wonen |
eyn kleyn vorrede vahet an. | F.126J; Hye endet sich das erst teyl dif; biichs. |
F.i2ya: In die ander reyfi von Iherusalem durch die wiisteny gegen | dem berg
Synai zii sant Katherin eyn vorrede die selb reyf^ | lobende vahet an seliglichen.|
F.i5ga; Hye nach volgen namen aller jnseln von venedig bifj gen Rodif? ]
F.i6oa : Hye volgen nach ettlich gemeyn wort von sarracenischer sprach | yn
teutsche zungen verwandelt. | F.i6ia; Eyn kleyn vorred ynn dise nachuolgende
historien. | F.i74a (colophon): Dises werck ynnhaltende die heyligen reyfjen
gen Iherusalem zii | dem heiligen grab und furbaf; zii der hochgelobten jung-
frauwen vnd | mertreryn sant Katheryn durch Erhart rewich von Vttricht ynn
der I statt Meyntz getrucket ym jar vnsers heylfj. tusent. vierhiidert. vii |
Ixxxvj. yn dem. xxi. tag def; Brachmonedts. Endet sich seliglichen. | [device
below: verso blank]

Handsome German gothic type, 41-42 long lines to a page, some headings in larger
type, woodcut views and other illustrations, without signatures or foliation,
blank spaces provided for initials, which have been supplied in red by a con-
temporary hand. Fol., large copy with some edges uncut at tail, measuring
11^ X 8f inches, German binding (c. 1520) of wooden boards covered with brown
leather, stamped with borders containing scenes from Bible history, viz., Adam &• Eve,
Abraham sacrificing Isaac, the Crucifixion, Resurrection of Christ, respectively inscribed
PECKCATVM [sic] , CREDiDi F ABRA, SANTiFACio [sic] , ivsTiFiCATio. This border sur-
routtds a centre composed of panels containing figures of the Virtues, viz., spes, fides,
ivsTiciA, CARiTAS. The stampcutter's initials A.G. appear at top of the Crucifixion
panel. Title lettered in an upper panel, Vom, Heijigem [sz'c] Land, (rebacked).

FIRST EDITION of the German version, printed four months after the first Latin edition, by the
same printer, with the same type and woodcuts.

First German Edition, i486 : continued.

Hain, Repntoyitim '3959. Not in Pellechet, IncunaUes, therefore no copy in French Pubhc Libraries.
According to Proctor, Index 157, there is no copy in the Bodleian Library. Pollard, Brit. Mus.
Cat. L p. 44, IB. 335 (wants view of Jerusalem), IB. 336 (from the old Royal Library, wants all
the views). Panzer, .'{ytn. Deufscheii Litl. 17SS, I. p. 162, records Feuerlein's copy. Dibdin,
Bibl. Spencer. VI. p. S7, remarks, "The volume before us, beautiful and perfect in every respect,
affords an uncontrovertible testimony of the existence of a Mentz edition, printed in the German
language." Rylands Catalogue (1899) I. Moser (Scrapeum, III.) No. 2, describes the Stuttgart
copy as somewhat defective. Schaab, Buchdruckerhmtst, I. 524. Voullieme, No. 1565 (at Berlin).
Muther, Deutsche BUcheritlust. No. 640, with reproductions of four of the smaller cuts from this
edition (pi. 148-9).

On the inner side of the front cover the early owner for whom the binding was done has had his
arms painted ; azure, on a mound or, an ape seated with ring round body and holding a ball 1
crest the same. Around this are 21 devices and emblems drawn and neatly coloured, several
being the attributes of saints and all probably having reference to the Holy Land. They are as
follows: — a white kid(?), star and shell (S. James), bird on hand, Tau cross and bell (S. Anthony),
winged lion (S. Mark), toothed wheel (S. Catherine), vase and three lilies (the Virgin), a red
cross between four smaller (arms of Godefroy de Bouillon), sword and scroll (cf. Stirling-
Maxwell. Ornam. Heraldry, II. 31), circle of clouds, rose within rays, eagle and lion, salamander,
dragon (?), crossed crutches, ship and nine crowns, a banderole, a wyvern, a flint between tw-o
fuzils, flanked by S. Andrew's cross (device of Philippe, duke of Burgundy, who is referred to
at fol. 46 of present volume).

The first page is blank, on verso being the original full-page cut as before. On next page the Dedi-
cation to Bertholdus, Abp. of Mainz. The original initial R is not here, for the translation of
the opening words: "[H]Ochwirdigster vatter yn cristo .. " requires a different letter, but this
was not cut in wood, so in the place of it is a blank space filled in with a large H painted in
red and blue by a contemporary hand, with penwork in margins. This dedication ends on fol. 4
recto, on the 5th line of same page commencing the Contents (Inhalt) with Itinerary, &c..
ending on recto of fol. 6 with 10 lines only on the page, the remainder of leaf, including verso,
being blank. Then on fol. 7 begins (with 6 lines of large type) the Preface or Vorred, ending
fol. 9 verso. On next page '* Der meinung diss buchs " (Intentionis Explicatio), but omitting
any mention of Reuwich by name (cf. Latin edition, 14S6) ; " .. auch eyn giiten maler zu mir
genomen. der | die namhafftige stett uff wasser vnd land ab entwiirffe. vnd furnem- | lichen die
heyligen stett vmb Jerusalem eygentlichen ab malet. . . " Reuwich's name, however, is retained
in the list given on fol. 131 in the 2nd part, as follows : *' By dissen herrn vh andern vren |
knechten was der maler Erhart Rewich geheissen von Uttricht gebo- | ren der all diss gemelt
yn disem biich hat gemalet. vnd die truckery yn | synem huss volfiiret. | " This doubtless
should be taken as an explicit statement that Reuwich himself actually had the book printed in
his own house, in opposition to the opinion current with some that Schoeffer was really the
printer, founded on the fact of the similarity or identity of his types with those used in the
present book. (See note to ist Latin edition p. 4).

On verso (fol. 10), "Diss buchs vssteylung." consisting of only 13 lines including heading. On
fol. II commences the Account itself. On fol. 79 vo. begins the section on Manners, Customs,
&c. (von sytten, gewonheyten und yrtummen), ending with the Vision of Charles the Bald (eyn
griissenlich gesicht) on fol. 126 vo., which terminates with the statement that it was taken from
Vincent of Beauvais, Speculum Historiale. Then the View of Jerusalem, between ff. 126-7.
On fol. 127 begins the "reyss von Jherusalem .. gegen dem berg Synai." Fol. 139: "Von der
wyderfart von dem berg Synai gegen der statt Alkayr." Fol. 147 vo. "Von der fart von Chayr
vff dem Nylo gen Allexandria." On fol. 151 vo. commences the description of the return journey
from the latter place, two Venetian trading galleys having arrived "from Africa," Oct. 30 [1483] .
The Journey ends at Venice, 8 Jan. [1484], fol. 158 vo. The Itinerary and Vocabulary occupy
the next two leaves. Then the section on the Sieges, &c. from fol. 161 to fol. 174, ending with
colophon and device, blank on verso. The recipes against sea-sickness and vermin are omitted.
[The date of composition of this German version occurs on fol. 98, line 9 : . . biss vff dise zyt
als mann | nun zelet vo crist geburt. M.cccc. vnd. Ixxxvj. jar .. That in the "Luctuosa oratio"
(Latin edition) is here omitted] .

All the woodcuts in this German edition being from the original blocks as used in the first
Latin edition, the measurements of the Views correspond with those given at p. 3 above.

First German Edition, 1486 : continued.

The pages of text printed on the otherwise blank backs occur as follows :

3 Corfu

No. of piiges. No. oflinis.
(2 + 33

[ 20

Rhodes

1 16
(I + 30
1 26
.' 36
( 40

Commencing.
Hye volget nach die beschrybflg . .
[P] Arentz ist eyn statt . .
[A] in vierden tag des monds junii ..
ist. vnd kein schiff . .
ob dem altar . .

[C] Orfun ist eyn gantz insel . .
[A]m. XV. tag dess moneds junii ..
Item Morea daz land . .
Von der insel Creta . .
Item sie hatt zum ersten . .
[V] On modon f iiren wir . .
[R]Odyss ist eyn statt ..

Jerusalem

(Woodcut of Holy Sepulchre.
[Woodcut of Animals.

Frontispiece as described above, p. 3, blank on recto. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre
on fol. 47. The figure studies and alphabets as follows: —

Figures.
Saracens

Alphabets.
Arabic

folios.

103

Jews
Greeks

Hebrew
Greek

103 vo

105

105 vo

107

Figures.

Alphabets.
Syriac
Coptic
Armenian

folios.
108
109
III

Abyssinians
Turks

Ethiopjc

112

112 vo.
166

h only four lin

es ol

type above.

The Armenian

Syrians — 107 vo.

A whole page is retained for the last cut
alphabet appears here for the first time.

Blank spaces are provided as in the 1st Latin edition, for (presumably) pictures which were
never forthcoming. They would be in this case, Jacobites, Nestorians. Armenians, Maronites
and Latins. There may have been intended a view of Baffa, Cyprus, on fol. 41 vo., but this, like
the others just mentioned, is not known. The space for a view of Bethlehem is not provided.

The cuts of the Holy Sepulchre and the Animals are, as before, printed on the outer blank
backs of the Jerusalem view; the Animals on the 1st and the Sepulchre on the 2nd. Opposite
the first mentioned is a contemporary pen drawing of the Sepulchre as it may have been originally.
Under the cut of Animals is the line in type: "Disse thier synt warlich abe kunterfeyt als wir
sie haben gesehen yn dem heiligen land." Device at end as before.

All the cuts are carefully coloured with transparent pigment by a contemporary hand, pro-
bably as originally issued : the effect is most brilliant, and it is certainly of great assistance in
accentuating folds of drapery, the important buildings in the views, &c. ; the arms on frontis-
piece have the appearance of being emblazoned correctly : cf. Sibmacher (Job.) New Wapenbuch,
Nurnb. 1605, pi. 15.80. 124. 134. 159, and for Breydenbach : Siebmacher (J.), Wappenbudi, Nurnb.
1856, Bayrischer-Adel, I. 78 (4 and 5) : Kneschke (E. H.), Nfues AUg. Deiitsches Adels-Lexicon, I.
(1859), p. 46.

Small portion of the views have been mended and made up : all are neatly backed with thin
paper, thus obviating to a great extent the risk of damage in handling.

The paper used is of three kinds, but mainly No. 2 as in the ist Latin edition, having 35 mm. between
the chain-lines: watermark, bull's head. Once or twice the mark of a Calvary occurs, apparently
identical with that in the Latin edition, 1490.

Collation: — There are no printed signatures, but the quires can be traced by the sewing as follows ; —
[a b8, c8 (Venice) ; d2 (Parenzo) : e2 (Corfu) ; f4 (Modon) ; g4 (Candia); h4 (Rhodes); i-s8, t6.
A-F8] = 174 leaves, unnumbered + view of Jerusalem, 6 leaves. Total number of single leaves
including extensions of views, 180. Compare collation in Pollard as above.

There is no foliation, but in the above description the Views, with their extensions, are counted
in as though they were leaves of letterpress, as follows: — Venice, ff. 17-24; ^arenzo, 25-26;
Corfu, 27-28 ; Modon, 29-32; Candia, 33-36; Rhodes, 37-40. The Jerusalem view is placed
between ff. 126-7.

V

BREYDENBACH (B. von). Peregrinationes, in German: Reise
ins Heilige Land. Augsburg, A. Sorg, 22 April, 1488

Sig. [ai] title {large type) : Die fart oder reyfj vber mere | zii dem heylige grab vnsers
her I ren Ihesu cristi gen Iherusalem | Auch zii der heyligen iunckfra | wen
sant Katherinen grab auf | dem berg Synai. | Sig. ai vo. : [blank] Sig. a2 :
II Dem hochwirdigisten vatter in cristo unnd herzen herzen | Bertholdo des
heyligen stuls zii Mentz ErczbischofF. des ro | mischen reichs erczkantzler
durch teiitsche land vnd kurfiir- ] sten zc. meine genadigisten barren Ich
Bernhard von Brey | denbach des selben hohe stiffts in Mentz Dechan vnd
Came- | rer zc. . . Sig. 34 vo. (foot of page): ^ Inhalt dift biichs weiset dises
nachgende Register. || Sig. a 7 {large type) : 1 Eyn vorred in difj nachgende
werck der | fart vber mere zii dem heyligen grab vnsers | herren Ihesu cristi
gen Iherusalem inhaltend | lob vnd nutz der selbe reyfj auch austrucke | mey-
nung vnd aufjteylung difj wercks va- | het an seligclichen. | Sig.h-^ vo. {line 16) :
^ Hie nach volget die beschreibung der aufjfart von yedes | heymat bis gen
Venedig. | . . Sig.lo. {line 11): *: In das and' teyl dises ersten fiirnemlichen
teyls zeschreibe | von sitten gewonheyten vnd jrtiimen deren die jm heyligen |
land wonen eyn kleine vorred vahet an. | Sig. t4 {line 28): '' Hie endet sich
das erst tail dif; biichs. || Sig. t\ vo.: [cut of Animals] Sig. t^: 1 In die annder
raif? von jherusalem durch die wilste ge | gen dem berg Synai zii sant Katherinen
ein vorrede die selb | raif; lobende vahet an seligklichen. | Sig. A 4 {2nd alphabet)
line 6: * Die ander raif; von jherusale zu sant Katherinen gege | de gepirg Synai
sich streckende endet sich hie seliklichen | (H)Ienach volge namen aller jnscln
von venedig | bifj gen Rodifj. . . Sig. A 5 vo. : *' Hie volgen nach ettliche
gemaine wort von sarrancei | sprach in teiitsche zungen verwandelt | Sig. A 6 vo.
(line 12) : * Ein klein vorrede in die nachuolgende hystorien. | Sig. C 7 {colophon) :
•■ Dises biich jnnhaltende die heiligen raisen gen Jherusale | zii dem heiligen
grab . . durch Anthonio | Sorgen jnn der keyserlichen statt Augspurg ge-
drucket. | Im jar vnsers hailfj. Tausent vierhundert vnd Ixxxviij | Am abend
leorij des heiligen martrers Enndet sich hye | seligklichen. || [verso blank]

Bold gothic letter, 36 long lines to a page, some headings in larger type, with sign-
atures, but no foliation ; woodcut illustrations and ornamental initials. Sm. fol.,
large copy with some uncut edges, leaves measuring lof x 7| inches, half brown
morocco.
SECOND EDITION IN GERM.\N : the only one printed by Sorg,— at Augsburg.
Hain, Repert. '3960. Copinger, Suppi. I, p. 127. Pellechet, Incunables 2985. cites only two copies,
one in the Bibl. Nat. (wanting three leaves), the other at Amiens. Proctor, Index 1705. Muther,
Divticlte BUchcrillust. iSi. Voullieme, No. 144, the Kgl. Bibl. Berlin copy, defective.
The first page has six lines of large gothic letter on recto, forming a regular title-page — the first to
appear in a Breydenbach : the rest of the page and the verso are blank. The Dedication, with

Second German Edition, 1488: contimud.

a large woodcut initial H, begins on a2 : the Contents (Inlialt) on a5. ending a6 to. Then the
Preface (Vorred) on a 7, with a large initial D ; " Der meyniing diss buchs . . " on bj ; as in the
I486 German edition, Reuwich is not mentioned by name (see p. 10), but in the 2nd part (sig.
V4 vo.) his name is given as in the edition just mentioned, the wording, however, slightly differ-
ing (after "all diss gemelt in disem biiche | hat gemalet") as follows: "vnd abtunterfeyet als das
heilig grab vnd dz | heilig land darumb. als da nicht not ist dem schlechte layen. | soliches
zesehen in ligeren wann es zescharpff ist. | "

The text commences on verso of b 3, immediately following " Diss buchs aussteylung." On
sig. 1 2 begins the section on Manners and Customs, ending as before with the Vision on sig. 14 :
on verso the cut of Animals. On 15, the "Raiss . . gegen dem berg Synai." &c., ending on A4
of 2nd alphabet and immediately followed by the Itinerary and Vocabulary, ending A6 vo.
Then, on same page, the History of the Sieges, &c., ending as before with the account of
Vdrunti (Otranto) on C7 and omitting the two recipes from Hali : verso blank.

The date of composition is altered in this edition to 14S8 : (sig. 06 t)0. line 10 from foot),
although the book is a reprint of the 14S6 German edition.

The following extract will serve to shew the differences of orthography between these two
German editions of i486 & 14S8. The reference to Maximilian is not found in the Latin editions.

No. V. Aiigsb. 1488, ei I'O. :
weliches auch sein nachkomen Erczherczog
Maximilianus in Burgundia regieren yecz der
zeit ein Romischer kiinig durch all kurfiirste
eynhelligklichen erwelet czii Franckfort in
der erstenn vast wochen jm jar. M.cccc.
Ixxxvj. vollenbringet.

No. IV. Mainz i486, fol. 46 :
Welches auch syn nach komen Ertzhertzog
Maximilianus in Burgundia regnyren ytz der
zyt eyn Romscher konig durch all kurfursten
eynhelliglichen erwelet zii Franckfort in der
ersten vast wochen jm jar. M.cccc. vnd.
Ixxxvj. vollenbringet.

No woodcut views were executed for this edition, so far as is known. There are no places provided
for them, the text running on without a break. The smaller cuts, however, are adapted from
the earlier editions and occur as follows : —

Church of the Holy Sepulchre, measuring 74 X 4§ in., taller and narrower than that of i486
and in reverse as regards right and left : sig. ez vo. The figure-studies ; —
Saracens n2 vo. I Syrians q4

Jews p^vo. .Abyssinians qy vo.

Greeks qi vo. \ Turks 64110.

The cut of the Turks in this edition appears to have been adapted for the large cut in Caoursin,
Descr. Obsidionis Rhodiai, Ulm, 1496. cf. reproduction in Dibdin's Bihl. Sfencey. IV. p. 467, and
Essenwein, Holzschnitte :u Nllriibcvg, 1875, pi. CXLIII. The Alphabets were not done.

The large cut of Animals (7J x 4I in.) appears on sig. 14 vo., but the small one of the Holy
Sepulchre was not done for this edition. All these cuts may readily be identified by the designs
appearing in reverse of the originals, as well as by the coarser style of cutting.

A feature of this edition also, is the appearance of ornamental woodcut initials, which are of
various sizes and are in outline with ornaments of foliage, &c. : probably intended for colouring,
but untouched in this copy. They are 106 in number. The style is as those reproduced by
Jennings, Early Woodcut Initials, 1908, p. 115 (No. 3); Haebler, Typenrepirtorium, 1905, 1, p. xxxvii,
No. 15 : and Burger, Monumenta Typographica, 52(1).
There appears to be no watermark in the paper used for this edition.
For facsimiles of the two types (Nos. 3 and 4) used in this book, see Woolley Photographs of Early

Types 57 (larger type) and 57a, both from other works printed by Sorg.
There are some MS. marginal notes in an early German hand.
Collation: — abS, c6-v8, w6-z8 (6 & 8 alternately), A-CS (last blank, missing) = 193 ff. unnumbered.

VI

BREYDENBACH (B. von). Peregrinationes, in German : Reise
ins Heilige Land. [s. n., ?Speier, P. Drach, c. 1505]

Sig. [Ai] {title, large type): (D)is buch ist innhaltend die heilige reysen | gain Iheru-
salem zu dam heiligan grab | vnd furbafj zu der hochgelobten jung- | frowen
vnd merteryn sant katheryn | [woodcut of Church] Ai vo.: [blank] A 2 (large
type): Inhalt dif-; buchs wiset dif^ | nachgende Register. | A3fo..- [blank] A 4
(large type) : ^i Ein vorred in dif; nachgende werck der fart | vber mehr zu dem
heilige grab vnsers herren iasu | cristi gen Jerusalem inhaltende lob vnd nutz
der I selben reyf;. auch vf5drucken meynug vnd vf jtey- | lung difj werckes vahet
an seliglichen. | . . A6 vo. (line ig, large type) : Hie nach volget die beschriebung
der vf^fart | von yedes heymat bif; gen venedig. | . . On back of view of Venice
(large type) : Hie volget nach die beschreybug der ersten | Reyfj vo Venedig
an bifj gen Hierusalem. | . . Sig. F6vo. (large type): In das ander teyl disses
ersten furnemlichen | teyles zu schrieben von sitten gewonheiten vnnd | yrtum-
men derren dye im heiligen lande wonen | eyn clein vorrede vahet an. | . .
Sig. M6 : Hie endet sich das erst theyll difj buchs. | [verso blank] (View of Holy
Land follows) Sig. N i (large type) : In die ander reyfj von Hierusalem durch die |
(text type) : wiistaney gegen dem berg Synai zii sant Katherin, ein vorrede die
selb reyf; lo- | bende vahet an seliglichen. | Sig. Q6 vo.: Die ander Reyf; von
Hierusalem zii sant Katherin gegan | dem gebirg Synai sich streckende endet
sich hie seliglichen. | Sig. R i (large type) : Hie nach volgen namen aller jnseln |
von Venedig bif; gen Rodifj. | Sig. R2 (large type): Hie volgen nach ettlich
gemeyn wort von sar | racenischer sprach in teutzsche zunge gewandelt. |
Sig. R3 (large type) ; Ein kleyn vorred in diese nachuolgeda historian. |
Sig. S5 vo. (at foot, large type): Von gewyn der statt ydrunti | auch durch die
turcke geschehen. II Sig. S6: [N]Ach dem vn die statt vn insel Rodifj . . (last
line of text) : gesaget von den historien dem vorgenden buchlein zugesetzet. |
Ere say gott in der hohe. | [verso blank]

Gothic letter, similar to that of Reuwich [or PSchoeflfer] , 48 long lines to a page, with
signatures, but no foliation ; headings in much larger type, woodcut views and
other illustrations copied from the originals, blank spaces provided for initials.
Folio, large copy, leaves measuring i2| x 9| inches, original German binding of
wooden boards covered with brown leather, blind stamped borders of foliage, enclosing panels
formed of floral rolls on front side, and latticed lines on end side : interspersed with roses :
(early MS. initials on title : H.I.V.L a berg).

THIRD (?) EDITION IN GERMAN, without note of place, printer or date, but undoubtedly by
Peter Drach of Speier (who was still working in 1517), as is demonstrated by the identity of the
woodcuts with those in the 1502 edition by that printer. The similarity of the text type to that
of Reuwich (Schoeffer) is doubtless the reason that caused Proctor (Index, No. 158) to place this
edition with the three original editions of Mainz, but an examination of the cuts would have
been sufficient to raise a doubt as to the book having been issued by the original printer.

H

Third German Edition, [c. 1505]; continued.

Pollard. Cat. Brit. Mus., I. p. 43, has a note : " The type used in the undated German Brey-
denbach, Proctor 158. should not be assigned to Reuwich. See note to IB. S648, where reasons
are given for assigning the book to Peter Drach." [The part of the Catalogue containing these
reasons is not yet published] .

Pellechet (IncuiuMes 2984) assigns the book also to Reuvvich's press, probably following Proctor.
Two copies are cited, both in the Bibliotheque Nationale, one having two of the views mutilated.
Hain, Repert. '3958. Panzer, Aim. Dentichen Litt., I. p. 40, No. 72. Moser (Scrapeum, III) No. 3,
describes the Stuttgart copy, and notes the points of difference between the original cuts and the
copies. Schaab. Buchdruchnhumt, I. p. 533. VouUieme, No. 1566 (at Berlin).
A facsimile of the whole page on recto of A 4 is given in the WooUey Photographs of Early Types.
No. 5 ; the larger type appearing to be the same as Drach's (No. 19?), given in No. 7411 of the
same Photographs (right hand side of the plate). The text-type appears to be Drach's No. 18.
It may be here noted that in the present book the lowercase w in the larger type seems to be
manufactured for the occasion throughout, i.e., really z (r) placed close in front of the letter v,
thus: zv. This letter, of course, would not be found in an ordinary Latin fount.

The conclusion, however, that is forced upon one in comparing the present cuts with those in
the 1502 edition (with which they are identical) is, that this undated edition is slightly posterior
in point of date to that of 1502, instead of circa 1486-88 as is generally supposed. The evidence
is that the blocks, although absolutely identical with Drach's of 1502, show slightly more signs
wear than the latter, though the impressions are as good, if not better. A few instances are as
follows; — The view of Rhodes shows some breaks in the finer lines of the block, which do not
appear in 1502, f.^., the tower on extreme left and the pennon hanging from the vessel's mast.
The cut of Jews shows a break in the right leg of standing figure. Turks : break in lower border
larger than in 1502. Sepulchre : portion of left hand border-line missing — splitting in 1502.
Animals : outer line of hind leg of dromedary is gone. Doubtless there are other but more
minute differences. On the other hand the cut of Saracens appears in this edition, but not in
that of 1502.
The first page is a regular title, having four lines in large gothic letter (missal type) with large
round D occupying three lines in depth : below being the close copy of the cut of the Holy
Sepulchre Church (6J x 5J in.) : verso blank. A2 : Contents (Inhalt) and Itinerary, ending A3:
verso blank. [There is no Dedication in this edition, which is another reason for supposing this
to be posterior to the 1502 edition, as the Archbishop died 21 Dec. 1504]. Preface begins A4,
occupying 4J pages, and is followed by " Der meinung diss buchs angebers vssdruckug " on A6,
mentioning as before (see above p. 10) "ein giiten maler zii mir genomen," but without Reuwich's
name, though it is retained in the second part (sig. N4), together with " vnd die druckerey in
seinem huss volfuret," which statement regarding the printing of the book first appears in the
German edition of i486 (see above p. 10). The note regarding the actual authorship, "per quen-
dam alium doctum virum," does not appear, but is given in the Flemish edition (see No. VII).

On .V 6 no.: " Diss buchs ussteylung," followed immediately by the commencement of Text.
On sig. F6 vo. begins the section on Manners and Customs, ending on M6 with the 'Vision of
Charles the Bald: verso blank. Then the Jerusalem view. Ni: "die ander reyss " to S.
Katherine's, ending Q6 no. Then the Itinerary, " namen aller insein," onRi,and the Voca-
bulary on R2 : then, on R3, " Ein kleyn vorred . . " commencing the History of the Sieges, &c.
ending with the account of Otranto (" ydrunti ") on S 6, with the line as given above : no colophon
appears : the verso blank. The recipes are omitted as in the ist German edition.
The folding woodcut views are the same as in the 1502 edition, therefore the measurements cor-
respond with those given above at p. 8.

The folds have been strengthened where weakened by use, but otherwise the views are in
perfectly original state, with uncut edges.
The pages of text printed on the otherwise blank backs occur as follows : —

Commencing.
Y • 1 2 -t- 30 Hie volget nach die beschreybug ..

[P] Arentz ist ein stadt . .

Von der statt Parentz . .

Von Zara der statt . .

Bey Corfun vff. x\-iij. meylen ..

Von der jnsel Corfu oder Corzica . .

Von der statt Modon. |

Von dem land Morea. I

15

No. of pages.

No. of lines.

2

12 + 30
( 27

2

(2 -f 42
1 47

2

( 19
(I + 17

2

ji + 23
(i + 15

Third German Edition, [c. 1505]: continued.

( I + 28 Von der jnsel Creta ..

( 23 Item sie hatt ziim ersten . .

I 33 [V]On Modon faren wir ..

^"°^^^ 2 \ 35 [R]Odiss ist ein statt . .

( woodcut of Holy Sepulchre.
Jerusalem 2 -. j i. c a ■_. 1

■' (woodcut 01 Animals.

These views have no printed quire-signature assigned to them, but are placed between the
quires A & B, that of Jerusalem being between M6 & N i.

As each view has been bound in (originally) by the right-hand edge only, leaving all the rest of
the sheet to unfold out of the book, the two pages of letterpress on backs of same appear in
reverse positions (i.e-. No. 2, No. i) to what they would if bound with a guard in the centre or
thereabouts. The above list of the letterpress pages, however, gives them in their proper order,
and as they probably appear in most copies.
No frontispiece appears in this edition, but in its place is a regular title page as described above.
The large cut of the Church also appears on B5 with a variant of the legend below (in type) :
*' Vor dem tempel des heiligen grabs lygt der stein dar [ vff Christus viel sein criitz tragen. | "
The cut of Animals and that of the Holy Sepulchre each occupy a separate blank page on the
back of the Jerusalem view : viz.. page i & page 2, looked at from the back.

The smaller cuts are as follows : —

Figures.

Alphabets.

Sigi.

Figures.

Alphabets.

Sigs.

Saracens

—

16 vo.

—

Coptic

K5V0.

Jews

Arabic

Ki

Ethiopic

K6 vo.

Greeks

Hebrew

K2V0.

Abyssinians

Li

Syrians

Greek

K4

Turks

—

R6to.

—

Syriac

K4 vo.

It will be seen that the Ethiopic alphabet appears twice : on K6 vo. it takes the place of the
Armenian, which was never copied. Its absence in this edition is explained by Drach's set
having been copied in 1502 from the ist Latin edition of i486 which did not contain this par-
ticular alphabet. Though probably setting-up the present edition from Reuwich's German one
{i486, which docs contain it), Drach did not consider it worth while to have the Armenian
alphabet copied specially for his new edition. On the other hand there is always the possibility
of the cut having been copied for the present German edition, but that {by the compositor) the
Ethiopic alphabet was mistaken for it, which, in consequence, appears twice. Other editions
(except the Spanish) do not contain the Armenian alphabet, but this probably is because they
were reprinted or translated from the first Latin edition.
There is no device or any note of printer.

The watermark, which occurs very infrequently, appears to be a device of crossed-keys. The chain-
lines are 35-37 mm. apart. That in the lining of the binding is a buU'shead with outline double
cross, 107 mm.

Collation: — Aio, B-S6 — 112 leaves, unnumbered -f- Views Nos. 1-6 on 24 leaves inserted between
A 10 and Bi, and Jerusalem on 6 leaves between M6 and N i. Total number of single leaves
inclusive of extensions of views, 142.

16

VII

BREYDENBACH (B. von). Peregrinationes, in Flemish: Bevaerden
tot dat Heilighe Grafft. Mainz, E. Reuwich, 24 May, 1488

Sig. [ai]: [blank] Sig. [a i vo.]: [full-page woodcut as before] Sig. a 2: Den eerweer-
dichsten vader in xp'o en here here Bartoldt Eertzbis | cop des heilighen stoels
va Mens Eertzcancellier des heilige roomsche | rijcks en coeruorst ouer duyslant
sijn zere ghemlde heere Bernhardt va | Breydenbach deken en camerair . .
Sig. 33 w. (line 22) : Dit is die tafell . . Sig. 35 : Ken voerspreken tot prijs der
heiliger beuarden ouer dat meer totten | eerweerdighen heilighen graue on heren
ihesu cristi te iherusaleni . . Sig. a 8 : Die deilinglie deses boecks | . . {line 15) :
Hier nae volghet dat beghin deser beuarde | van huus tot veneedgen | Sig. k8 vo.
{line 17) : Hier beghint een cleyn toereydende voerspraecke tonten anderen deell
des I principaels eersten deels. Van die zeeden ghewoenten ende dwalinghen |
der gheenre die dat heilighe lant bewoenen. | Sig. S4 vo. : Hier endet dat eerste
deell des boeckes. | Hier beghint een prijselicke toereydinghe totter anderde
beuaerde van | iherusalem doir die woestenye teghen den berch synai tot sute
katherine. | {next page) : (s)0 wie ouerleset die hystorien des oude testaments. . .
Sig. yd {line 27) : Die reise des anderde beuarde totter helligher maeghet efi
martelarisse | Sunte katherin . . eyndet hier salichliken | Dit sijn die namen der
eyianden van venegien tot Rodis toe. | . . Sig. yy: Hier nauolghet sommighe
ghtmeen woerden van sarraceensche spra- | ke ouer gheset in duytsche sprake. |
Sig. yj vo. {at foot): Een cleyn toereydinghe totter nauolghenden | hijstorien
beghint salichlicke | {next page) : [ J A bescriuinghe der tweer onser reysen . .
Colophon {sig. zd vo.): Dit werck inhoudende die heylighe beuarden tot dat
heylighe grafft in | iherusalem. eh van daen totten berch Synai tot die heilighe
maghet efi | martelarisse Sunte Katherin, ghedruct doir meister Eerhaert
rewich ] van vtrecht in die Stadt van mentzs . . m.cccc. acht | ende tachtich.
opten. xxiiij. dach in Meye Endet salichlicken | [device] Sig. 27: [full-page cut
of A nimals : verso blank] Sig. z 8 : [blank]

Gothic letter as ist Latin edition, 42 long lines to a page, with signatures, but no
foliation ; woodcut views and other illustrations as in the ist edition, blank
spaces provided for initials. Folio, leaves measure 11^ x 8 inches, original (?)
wooden boards covered with 17th century vellum, large centrepiece in blind, original brass
clasps, blue edges : (ex libris F.C., with motto " Quaero ").

FIRST AND ONLY EDITION IN FLEMISH (Niederdeutsch) and third edition from the original

press. Possibly translated by Reuwich himself.
Hain, Reptit. 3963, was unable to examine a copy; Copinger, Siipft. I. p. 127; Pellechet, Incimab.

2981, the only copies cited being two in the Bibliotheque Nationale; Reichling, Appendices \1.

p. 130. No copy in Dibdin's Bibl. Spencer. ; Proctor, Index 159 ; Pollard, Cut. Brit. Mus. I.

p. 44. IB. 340. Schaab, Buchdiuckerhunst, I. 535. VouUieme, No. 1567 (at Berlin).
The first page is blank, the full-page cut as before being on verso. [N.B. — In this copy the leaf has

been reversed so that the blank page is on the verso]. Dedication on next page {a 2), followed

by the Contents; the Preface commencing on sig. a5.

17

Flemish Edition, 1488 : continued.

On ay vo. Erhard Reuwich is mentioned by name just before the passage relating to the
composition of the book, "ick bewijs hebbe doen setten beyde in latijn en duytsche bij een ander
gheleert man efi hebbe laten printen dit selue werck . . " The other reference to Reuwich is
found in the 2nd part, sig. s8, as follows: — " Mit desen heeren onder hoir ander dienres was die
kunstelicke subtile | schilder Erhardt rewich van vtrecht gheboren die alle die steden in dit II
(verso) : werck ghemaelt. selue ghemaect heefft mitter hant | ." Compare the ist Latin and ist
German editions above.

The Text begins on aS, the first six Views coming between b4 & ei, and that of Jerusalem
between f 6 & h i. The section on Manners and Customs, " Van die zeeden ghewoenten ende
dwalinghen," begins on kg vo.

The second part (Pilgrimage to S. Katherine's) begins on sj and ends on y6 ; immediately below-
beginning the Itinerary which is continued on verso. On next leaf (yy) the Vocabulary, on yS
beginning the History of the Sieges, &.C., the book ending on sig. z6 vo. : then a leaf with the
large cut of animals : verso blank.

The original date of composition, (which may be also that of the present version) occurs
on sig. n5, line i6: dusent \ierhondert eri vijffendetach- | tich (1485).
The woodcuts are from the same blocks as in the ist Latin edition of 14S6 ; but the initial R is
changed for a new woodcut initial of rustic design with the same arms as before, the letter now
being H, to agree with the translation " (H)Ochweerdichste vader in cristo . . "

The folding woodcut views measure the same as in the ist Latin edition (see p. 3), but for a
fraction of an inch in the case of two or three on account of overlapping, &c. (small portions are
also made up and margins strengthened). It is to be remarked that in this edition Jerusalem
forms sheet g and has portions of letterpress printed on the back, differing in these respects from
other editions, in which this View is usually unsigned and has only separate woodcuts on back.

The pages of text printed on the otherwise blank backs are as follows : —
No. of Pages. No. of lines. Signatures. Commencing.

Venice

Parenzo

Corfu

Modon

I 2 + 29 CI Hier naeuolghet . .

[ 2g — [PJArens is een stade . .

(38+1 d I [O] Pten vierden dach . .

I 40 — Van die stadt zara . .

(23+1 — [ ] En laetsten soe heefft . .

( 15 — [O] Pten vijfrienden dach . .

I 10 — [M]Odon is een stadt . .

] 16 — Item morea . .

I 29 + I — [V] An modon tot Candia . .

I 17 — [O] Pten. .xvi. dach Junio . .

( I + 24 + I — Vant heylichdom dat te Rodes is.

( 42 — [R] Odes is een stadt . .

(42 g I een ghesont . .

( 42 — beghint vanden ryuier . .

The cut of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is on 65 vo. : that of the Sepulchre itself on k4
(instead of its usual place on the back of the Jerusalem view) : that of the Animals on last leaf,
facing the colophon, which has the device as before.
The smaller cuts occur as follows ; —

5 Candia

Rhodes

Jerusalem

Figures.

Alphabets.

Sigs.

Figures.

Alphabets.

Sigs.

Saracens

Arabic

03 vo.

—

Syriac

p2 VO.

Jews

—

04

—

Coptic

PiVO.

Hebrew

OJi'f'.

Abyssinians

—

PS""-

Greeks

—

oG

—

Ethiopic

p6 VO.

—

Greek

pi fc

Turks

—

Z4

Syrians

—

p2

There are two kinds of paper used in this edition, having chain-lines respectively 32 mm. and 40 ram.
apart. The w atermark-device appears to be the bull's head as before, but occasionally one sees a
gothic p with trefoil, c. So ram. high : a Calvary with outline cross, c. 55 mm. ; and a double eagle.

Early signature on fly-ieaf at end : Frans Hoerten.

Proctor (!nde.v p. 35) remarks that the type in this book now contains numerous caps, from tlie press
of the "Printer of Darmstadt Prognostication" who it is said, "seems to be closely connected
with Schoffer " : see also Pollard, I. p. 41.

Collation: — aS, b4, c8 (Venice); d 16 (Parenzo, Corfu, Modon, Candia, Rhodes) : e8, f 6;g6(Jerusalem) ;
h-n8, 06, pq8, r6, s-z8, z8 (last blank, missing) — 190 (unnumbered) leaves in all, reckoning
everv leaf of views in the total : compare collations of Pellechet and Pollard as above.

18

VIII

BREYDENBACH (B. von). Peregrinationes, in French, trans, by
N. LE HUEN. Lyon, M. Topic & J. Heremberg, 28 Nov. 1488
Sig. [ai]: [blank, missing] Sig. a2 : (A) treshaulte trescrestienne et tresredoubtee
prin- I cesse la roine de frace Marguerite: . . Frere Nicole le Hue huble | pro-
fesseur en salcte theologie religieux ala mere de di- | eu nostre dae des carmes
du couet du poteaux de mer | et de la feu roine charlote que dieu absolue
cofesseur et | deuot chapellai : et le vre perpetual subgect et orateur. | Sig. a 3
{at foot): Sensuiuent les rubriches demonstrant | le contenu du present liure. ||
Sig. a4 w. : (P)reface pour introduction de la peregrination de | oultre mer en
terre saicte au tresglorieux et salt | sepulchre nostre seigneur ihesucrist en
iherusale | puis les prefereces et dignitez. apres les fruictz et vti | lites denotans
du liure lintention : et la diuision. | Sig. 37 vo. {line 12): Le.xplication de linten-
tion. I . . Sig. a 8 {line 6 from foot) : Le commencement de ce saict pelerinaige
de la terre de ma na | tiuite iusques a venise. | . . Sig. g4 vo. {line 27) : En la
seconde portion de ceste premiere partie principalle nous dirons des | meures
rites z erreurs de ceulx qui habitent en la saincte terre. Et commence | cy
petite preface. | . . Sig. m7 vo. {line 17): Cy finist la premiere partie de ce
present liure. | {larger type) : pour la seconde peregrination de iherusalem |
en allant par desers au mont de sinai pour visi | ter la tresglorieuse saicte
Izatherine [s!c] premise se | ra vne preface || Sig.m8: (L)Es histoires sacrees
bien reuolues et lues | qui son les Instruments . . Sig. q4 vo. {line 16): Cy finist
la seconde peregrination faicte par grant deuotio a la tressaincte Izatheri- [sic] |
ne au mont de Synay. | Sensuit apres la protraction ou figure du sepulchre . .
Ap's sera la figure de ihrlem z du pais | [woodcut below: View of Holy Land
follows] Sig. q5 ; Aulcuns noms communs du langaige des turcs translates en |
francoys ; . . Sig. q6 : Les noms des Isles . . {line 5) : Preface petite es hystoires
subsequentes. | . . Sig. 57 vo. {colophon): . . Imprime a Lyon par honestes
homes Michelet topie | de pymont ; z Jaques herembercls [sic] dalemaigne de-
mourant audit lyon. La | de nostreseignes. Mille. cccc. quatrevigtz z huictz
et le. xxviii. de nouebre | Sig. s8 : Ces bestes Icy soubz pourtraites sont comme
nous les auos veues en la terre saicte | [woodciit below : device on verso]
Handsome French type, 37-39 long lines to a page, some headings in a much larger
type, with signatures, but no foliation ; woodcut views and other illustrations
copied from the originals : woodcut ornamental initials. Small folio, fine copy,
(measuring lof x 7I in.), T8th Cent, russia, fresh and sotind, gilt back and ornamental
panelling on sides, m. e. (ex libris Sir Andrew Fountaine).
FIRST FRENCH TRANSLATION : by Nicolas le Huen, Carmelite of Pont Audemer (Eure) and
confessor of Charlotte, queen of Louis XI : (she died 14S3). It is not merely a translation, how-
ever, but an adaptation, Le Huen having used Breydenbach's book as the groundwork of the
narrative of his own journey, dates, names and essential particulars being altered. As Le Huen
himself did not perform the Pilgrimage to S. Katherine, the original account of Breydenbach is
simply translated, and otherwise left intact. As will be seen, the account of Le Huen's own
return journey is entirely new. The work was also translated by Jean de Hersin, see No. XI.

19

First French Edition (Le Huen's), 1488: continited.

Not in Hain, Repertorium , but recorded by Copinger, Supplement, II. 1337 (= 3538) ; according to
Pellecliet, IncimaUts, 2982, the two copies in the Bibl. Nat. and that in the Mazarine are in-
complete; Proctor, Index, S591 (De Thou's copy with his arms). No copy in Bodleian. Brunei,
Manuel. I. 1251-2 ; G. Brunet, La France Lilt., p. 35 ; Dibdin, Bibl. Spencer., VI. p. 214 (see also
p. 88 and III. p. 219, note, Bibl. Decant., I. 196-7) ; Rylands Catalogue, I.

The blank first leaf, ai, is not in this copy. The dedicatory epistle to Marguerite of Austria, re-
pudiated queen of Charles VIII, commences on sig. a 2 with eight lines of large and handsome
type. In it Le Huen mentions having been encouraged by Madame de Segre, Marguerite de
Corandon, and further (a 2 vo., line 8) : *' . . iay ung petit euure copose du pelerinaige tressainct . .
qui est de Jherusalem: lequel . . ceste annee passee ay accomply des noblesses z lieux glorieux
vous veulx auertir pour auoir memoire z souuensce de nostreseigneur Jh'us: et comme par
maniere de passe temps : a cause que plusieurs seigneurs et dames sent curieux a demander de la
region ou de la terre de promission. De ce que iay veu; a mon poure entendement feray mani-
feste. Du pelerinaige de la glorieuse vierge et martyre saincte katherine de ma part ries ie
nescripray : mais ung venerable seigneur de lesglise de magonce doyen z chambriere mon pre-
decesseur [j.e,, Breydenbach] audit sainct voiage en a escript : et de luy ou de son escript feray
mension en ce present traicte par maniere moult merveilleuse ; car par escript z par figures
le congnoistres : non seulement par vostre endendement : mais par les yeulx corporelz : dont
les hommes sont fort refociUes et leurs esperis doulcement consoles. .." It is also mentioned
(a3, line 2) that this "opuscule" was offered to the Queen "par lexortation de madicte dame de
Fegie et fille en Jhesucrist." Sigs. 33 vo. & 34 ro. : Table. Sigs. 34 ™.-7 vo. : Preface, followed
on last page by Lexplication de lintention, (no mention of Reuwich), in which Le Huen says that
he had meditated the journey during 10 years as a penance for worldly vanities ; and below
that, Lintercession des viilles martyrs . . mentioning the companions of the pilgrimage : Monseigneur
I'euesque de Cambray [Henr. de Bergis, d. 7 Oct, 1502], and others as below.

In the same paragraph is a note on the printers, which is given below more fully. Then
below (a8) begins the Text. The author mentions that he started from the " couet du ponteau
de mer en normandie du diocese de Rouan," and that he was " natif ou diocese de lisieux."
The prior, Joffroy le Reclus and many of the monks attended the author as far as Chartres.
whence the journey was resumed on the Friday after Easter, 1487, Apl. 22. At Turin the horses
were sold, (as in the 1490 Pilgrimage mentioned below), arriving in Venice on the eve of the
feast of S. Mark [Apl. 25].

Le Huen lodged " a lomme sauuaige au bas de la place sainct Marc qui est moult belle z
excellente : et est ledit hoste du pais de liege chatre dudit sainct Marc . . et la trouuasmes troys
nobles homes dont lung est tresorier du roy nostresire en son pais de auergne nome Auseline[sic]
de la maladerie. Guillaume chastellain de monseigneur sainct Anthoine : et vng gentil home de
berry nome Moseigneur [blank space for name] . . vng getil home dauergne pres de nostre dame
du puys seigneur de rochefort . . vng gracieux z saige enfant natif de Lyon nomme sire henry
de cucharmois .. " The last person mentioned might possibly have been connected with the
Jehan de Cucharmoys, who also made the pilgrimage in 1490 : the account of which was printed
with his translation of Guerin Mesquin, Lyon, 1530 (see C. F. Murray Catalogue of French
Books, No. 214: cf. Roehricht, Bibliog. Geogr. Palaestinae, 1S90, pp. 139.667). On a 7 z'o. Henry's
name is given as " de encharmois," but that is evidently a misprint, the c & u being easily mis-
taken for e & n. " Les Cucharmois ou Cuchermois sont une ancienne famille de Lyon. Henri
Cuchermois figure dans la table de nos conseillers de ville 1492-3, et Jacques, i509(-23) " : see
Breghot du Lut, Nouv. Melanges Biogr. cl Litt., Lyon, 1829-31, p. 446. Other persons are men-
tioned in Contents (34) as follows : — Maistre Nicole de Anvers, Messire Symon de Magunce
[Mainz] , Monseigneur de la Mouniere.

The "patron " of the galley is mentioned as Augustin Contarin, as in the original work.
" Sachent tous que grande astuce et solertie est requise a marchander au patron," and on that
account the form of contract is given for the guidance of future pilgrims. A stay of six weeks
was made at Venice. The lists of relics to be seen there and at Padua follow Breydenbach's
original, but with some transposition, probably ** for difiference."

The embarkation was made on June g [1487] ; Parenzo was left on the 12th, Corfu reached on
25th, INIodon on 30th, and Rhodes 9 July : immediately following the list of Relics at this place is
what appears to be an additional note on Philermo (see p. xiv). About July i (sig.ci vo.) it is
mentioned that " le chancellier de Rhodes qui venoit dembassade de deuers le roy : home fort
entedu z de grant eloquece de picardie natif se departit : et ung commandeur de Rhodes frere
Jacques nome : a cause q' une naue de marseille la estoit arriuee . ." The name of the Venetian

First French Edition (Le Huen's), 1488 : continued.

" capitaine " of the isle of Cerigo is given as Jehan Francoys on the same page ; and a monk of
S. Faron de Meaux as being in the company.

Departing from Rhodes 11 July, they arrive at Cyprus on the 15th : leaving there on the 17th
they sight the Holy Land on the 19th at 6 o'clock in the evening, At Jaffa they send "lescripuain
de la naue auec ung crestien de la sainture [i.e., of St. Paul] nomme Helye congneu en la terre
pour aller querir le saufconduit : le pere gardien du mont de syon." They had to wait, all the
time in close confinement in a cave or pit, until Aug. i for the arrival of the " gardien " who came
with two monks, and " ladmiral de Iherusalem.'* Passing through Rama, they hear mass at the
Monastery of Mount Sion, 5 Aug. : the account of Jerusalem and its sights following.

The return is made from Jaffa on the 23rd Aug. They find that the "patron " of the rival galley
had spread false reports at Rhodes regarding Le Huen's party, such as several of them having
the " peste " and that "bourges auoit este bruslee par vng des cheualiers du blanc en berry."
The following persons are mentioned in various places : Vidal de Rochefort, gentleman, of
Auvergne (see above), died 23 Aug. 1487 ; another gentleman, named Rochefort, mentioned on
ID Sept. : Symon, a doctor of laws, of Utrecht, died 12 Sept.; (he had received the order of
Chivalry at Jerusalem) : messire Gilles, sotibdiacre of Angers and native of Brittany, died on i6th :
monseigneur de la Mouriniere, chevalier, mentioned on 17th : a German merchant died on 27th:
the Seigneur de Rhodes mentioned on Oct. 10, with description of his appearance: "ung bel
homme bien forme et puissant de laage de cinquante a soixante ans, grande barbe et forte toute
blanche," &c. This was the famous Grand Master, Pierre d'Aubusson. who so successfully
withstood the onslaught of the Turks in 1480 : at this time he was 64 years of age : died 1503.

On Oct. 12 frere Anthoine de Rochefort died ; on the 14th also died a notable Canon of S.
Anthoine de Rouarge, and another person, a native of Normandy, who had been on the same
journey before.

They land at Brindisi and travel four days to S. Nycholas du bar [Bari ; the tomb of the
Saint being in the Priory dedicated to him] . Le Huen then journeys to Naples, visiting the
Carmelite convent as a matter of duty, where he was presented with a " certaine portion du
noble bras a monseigneur sainct Albert proulncial de icelle prouince." At Rome he had of the
" lieutenant sainct Pierre nostre sainct pere le pape Innocent vng grant tresort vng bien inestim-
able des dix milles martyrs portion venerable : cest le lung de eulx le bras me fist liurer trestout
entier auec la cicatrice ainsy que lay linstrument auctentique signe de la main propre dudit pape
innocet : auec aussi une dent." The account of the Voyage terminates below (e4) with the
words : " Du retorner de Romme ie ne parleray plus." Then follows the (topographical) Des-
cription of the Holy Land, ending g4 vo. Then the section on the Manners and Customs of the
inhabitants with the Life of Mahomet, the Exhortation to Kings and Princes for the Defence of
the Holy Land (with a short account of the Crusades, sig. m4 vo.) and ending (ra7 vo.) with the
Vision of " charles le channe[sir] quart imperateur apres charlemaine."

The second part, dealing with the Pilgrimage to S. Katherine's, is translated direct from
Breydenbach without alteration, for Le Huen's company did not perform this journey, as he
himself remarks in the Contents (a 4) " En ceste na eu parsonne de nostre compaignie : combien
que plusieurs leussent propose : et de fait leussent entreprins sil eust este possible." It may be
noted, however, that one alteration, at least, has been made, viz., the name of frere Philippe
de Lourme is substituted for that of frere Felix Fabri in the account of the return journey
(sig. p4 vo.) On n3 are given, as usual, the names of the original travellers, but here somewhat
corrupted : ieha cote de soils : bernard de budebach ; philippe de bichen ; and Erard renich du
trech "qui ait pourtrait et affigie aisi que il a veu aupres de la verite comme faire se peut de
toutes les hystoires faictes ou a faire en ce liure," this, naturally, being the only place where
the artist's name is retained.

[The text of the portion from e4-q4 was reprinted in Mamerot, Passages d'Ottltre Mer; occupy-
ing signatures M 4-Cc i vo. of 151S edition] .

On q5 is the French-Arabic Vocabulary. On q6 the list of "Les noms des Isles" is not
given as, " II nest mestier de les mettre en francois : car nous nauons pas les noms sinon en latin
ou en italien : et seroit chose perdue z inutile de leur faire des noms aultres que le latin."

This is immediately followed by the History of the Sieges, &c., ending 57 vo. with the recipes
against sea-sickness and vermin ; then the colophon.

On 13 vo., line 16 : occurs the date 1487, probably that of the composition of this version :
•' .. iusques a present qui est Ian j Mille. iiii. c. Ixxxvii. . . '* On 1 7, "une lachrimeuse oroison,"
line 9, it occurs as 1488 : " . . selon le temps qui court. Mille. cccc.lxxxviii. . . "

On s8 is the large cut of Animals with line of type as given above : on verso the large device
of the printers with their initials M & I on a shield supported by a lion.

634 >; 10
154 X loj
i6 X 10

inches.

4
I
I

jections

facing

b4 vo.
b6

31J X loi
31 X 10

2
2

CI

CI vo

31J X 10

2

C2 VO

50 X 104

3

q4i.o

FiguifS.

Alphabets.

Sigs.

Saracens

—

1 7 vo.

Jews

Arabic

IS

Hebrew

ki vo

Greeks

k2

Syrians

Greek

k3 vo

First French Edition (Le Huen's), 1488 : conlintud.

This edition is remarkable in having the large folding views (copied from the originals) engraved
on metal — probably copper — this being the earliest instance of engraved plates (rolling-press
work) in a French-printed book. (The first in Italy is Bettini. Monte Santo di Dio, Florence, 1477;
the first in England, probably Raynalde's Birth of Mankind, London, 1540).
The measurements of the views, with their proper places in the book, are as follows: —

1 CIVITAS VENETIARVM

2 PARENS

3 CORFVN

4 MODON

5 CANDIA

6 RODES

7 IHERVSAI.EM
/ No text is printed on the backs of the views. Corfu is reproduced by Thierry-Poux, pi. xxii.
I In this copy all the views, with the exception of Parens, are strengthened by having been

neatly mounted on paper. Of Jerusalem 14 inches are missing. Four are bound in wrong
places, viz., Venice, between c2 & 3: Parens, ci & 2; Modon, 03 & 4; Jerusalem, cj5 & 6.

The other woodcuts, with the exception of the frontispiece, were copied also on wood, their
places being as follows : — The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, di vo., having the inscription at
foot set in type and let into block : " Cy est la disposition vray de lesglise du saict sepulchre a
nostres's. Ihesus p' | dehors. Ite de lentree audit saict sepulchre : et de la processio faicte en
icelluy. | " The cuts of Costume, &c., occur as follows: —

Figures. Alphabets. Sigs.

— Syriac k 4 vo.

— Coptic k5 I'd.
Abyssinians — k8

— Ethiopic 1 1
Turks — r3 vo.

These cuts are not servile copies, but are freely imitated from the originals, the positions of
the figures altered, &c. All have moveable border-pieces added at the sides. The alphabets are
cut in separate rows, with the names of the letters added between in type.

The small cut of the Sepulchre is found on q4 vo. (reproduced by Thierry-Poux, Imprimerie
en France, pi. xxi. C). The large cut of Animals is on s8 : the names cut on block are now in
banderoles. The large device of printers is on verso, the leaf being otherwise blank.

The woodcut initials are remarkable for their uncommon style, consisting of white foliage on a
black ground. The larger ones measure 40 x 45 mm. and comprise the following letters (the
numbers indicating the times they occur) ; T, S (2), D (3), P, L(6), R, A(6), E (4), H, I (3), G, M.

Facsimiles of the two types used in this volume will be found in Thierry-Poux, Imprimerie en France,
XXI. 3, and in the unpublished 4th volume of Claudin, Hist, de I'Impr. en France, where probably
will also be found other particulars of this press. It will be noticed that "k" is absent, as
usual with French founts, but is supplied by Ir or Lz. The watermark throughout is a hand and
star, measuring c. 58 mm. in height. On sig. n2 is a pen sketch by an early hand, representing
the bust of a young man, and lettered ERASM[US?].

On aS, the translator, speaking of the preparation of the book, mentions the names of the printers
{line g) ; " Michiel topie du mondeuis en piemont z Jacques hereberck dalemaine." Proctor
explains tliese names (Index, p. 612) as M. Topie of Pyrmont [Waldeck, Germany] and Jacob of
Herrnberg, probably not being aware of the above mention, which apparently indicates Mondovi
in Piedmont as Topic's native place.

In this advertisement one reads : " Le liure imprime et parfait sera comunique a tons le desirant."
Besides the present, only one other book (with names and date) is known to have been pro-
duced by these printers together, viz., Le Fevre, Histoires Troyennes, 1490. Topie was also asso-
ciated with J. Neumeister in the production of one book: Missale Ucetiense, Lyons, 1495.

Collation: — aS, bcO, d-h, I, k-m8, nO, 08, p-r6. s8 = 132 leaves, unnumbered, + Views as above.
Sig. ai, a blank, is missing : aS is misplaced between b6 & ci ; q3 cSi 4 are transposed.

[Another copy, measuring 1 1 x 8J in. Folio, brown morocco, gilt and blind tooled to a
XV. Century pattern, g. e., by Loriic, (ex libris A. Firmin-Didot, & Charles Butler).

Collation as before ; in this copy sigs. I4 & 5 and the views of Venice and Modon are in facsimile, but
a portion of the latter remains. All the others are entire but for a small portion in Corfu and
Jerusalem made up in facsimile : as the missing portion of the latter is found intact in the other
copy described above, together they make a perfect example of the plate].

IX

BREYDENBACH (B. von). Peregrinationes, in French, translated
by Nicole Le Huen.

Paris, N. Higman for Fr. Regnault, 12 Oct. 1517

Sig. [^1], Title : (L)E grant voyage de- Iherusalem diuise | en deux parties, En la
premiere est trai- | cte des peregrinations de la saincte cite | de Iherusale : Du
mont saincte Kathe- | rine de synay : at aultres lieux sainctz, a- | uec les a, b, c,
des lettres grecques, cal- |dees, hebraicques, at arabicques, auec aulcus langai-|
gas des turcs, translatees en francoys. | ' En la seconde partie est traicte das
croisees at entre- | prinses, faictas par les Roys et princes crastians, pour | la
recouurance de la terre saincte . . 1^ Des guerres das turcz, et tartarins : la
prinse de Co | stantinoble, du siage de Rhodes, la prinse de Grenade | Auacquas
Ihystoire de Sophie, Las guerres et batail | les antra le grant Turc, at le grat
Souldan, faictas da- | puis nagueres. Le chemin et voyage de Roma, A- | uec
les stacions des eglises . . | ' Imprima a Paris pour Francoys regnault, librai- |
re damourant en la grant rue sainct lacquas a lymai | ge sainct Claude. | 1i Cum
priuilagio. II Part II. Title, sig. [ppi]: 11 La seconde partie pricipale de ce
presenta Liure con- 1 tenant plusieurs voyages, guarras, croisees, et ex | peditions
faictas an la Terra salcta : pour la re | couurance dicalle : Par plusieurs prices
et I Roys crestiens: Come Charles martel, | Papin, Charlemaigne, Godeffroy
de I buillon [sic] , et le roy sainct Loys . . Avec listoire de | Sophie, dit
ysmael. | |J( | 1' Et plusieurs guerres, et expeditios faictas en | tra les turcz, et
payes. Et paraillemet des guar- | res faictes derniarament En Ian mil cinq ces
et I seize : et dizesept [sic] : Entre le grat turc : z le souldan. | [device] | 1i Cum
priuilegio. | Sig. 1 6 vo. : 1' Cy finist la grat voyage da Iherusale auac | plusieurs
aultres choses singulieres, Impri | me a Paris, par Nicolas hygman iprimeur, |
pour Francoys regnault libraire iure an luni | uersite de Paris le douziesme iour
de octobre | Lan mil cinq cens et dixsept. .■. .•. .•. | Next page (k 1) : 1i Le chemin
de romme auec toutes les aglises | . . Last page (K5 vo.) : T Cy finist le grant
voyage de Iherusalem . . Imprime a Paris pour Francoys regnanlt ; [sj'c] le
dou- I ziesme iour de octobre Lan mil cinq cens et dixsept. |

Gothic letter, 48 long lines to a page, with signatures, and partly folioed: woodcuts:
large copy (10 x 7 inches), calf gilt, (British Museum copies C.32.m. 20, and
Granville 6780).

SECOND EDITION OF N. LE HUEN'S ADAPTATION AND TRANSLATION; with the
new addition of a second part. Brunei, I. 1252. Bibl. Nat. Cat. Gen. des Livres Impr., XIX.,
col. 532-3, one copy imperfect; one fragment. Rothschild Catalogue, III., No. 2635.

The title-page is in red and black, consisting of 25 lines arranged in 4 paragraphs -t- 1 line (measuring
from top to bottom i8o mm.), without any other ornament than an initial L (33 mm. square).
On verso is the licence of the Provost of Paris for two years, dated 4 Sept. 1517, signed Bouchier,
and Corbie. Sig. 1^12-4 vo,: Table. Next page (ai): Epistle by Nic. le Huen to "la roine de

23

Second French Edition (Le Huen's), 1517: continued.

france Marguerite" as in the ist edition of 1488. Sig. a2 wo. -4 vo. : Preface or Introduction,
On a5 is the Inieycession as before, but altered, introducing the name of Regnault in the place of
those of Topie and Heremberg. On as vo. commences the Text, the Description of the Holy
Land on d6 vo., the Manners and Customs on f 8, the Journey to S. Katherine's on m i : H Pour
la seconde peregrination de iheru | salem en allant par desers au mot de synay | . , followed by
the Vocabulary on p3 wo. & p4, ending with the paragraph on the number of Islands on p4 vo.
with ; 'i Sensuit apres la protra | ction ou figure du sepul | chre . . and the Sepulchre cut below.

The second part commences on sig. pp i with a new title-page, occupying 16 lines roughly in
the form of the Holy Grail, and having the elephant device of F. Regnault below : the Prologue
on verso. The contents of this portion are as follows ; —

(i) History of Charles Martel, Pepin, and Charlemagne, from the Chronicles of Sigebert
(de Gemblours). Helinandus, Turpin. Hugues, and " Le Cosmographe" (? Vincent of Beauvais),
Chapters 12 to end are identical with those in Mamerot, Pussages d'Oidtie Mer, Paris, 1518.
sigs. C2-D4.

(2) Sig. qi {heading): •[ Cy apres sensuit vng abrege z recueil ; des | voyages faictz en la
terre Saincte pour la re | couurace dicelle. , . below which is : (E)xortation et plainte lamentable
de lestat et mal | gouuernement q' on voit en leglise : parquoy on est desprisee. . . the Text
commencing : (L)E fol labeur me donne paine superfine : |

(3) Sig. q4fo. ; H Compendieuse lamentation sur | les rois et princes crestiens pour la |
deffesse de nostre foy . . begins : Entendez roys z princes entendes ie vous prie : . .

(4) Sig. q6 : II Sensuit le motif et la cause | qui meust godeffroy de buillo | a entreprendre
voyaige dou- | tre mer .. comprising the Histories of Godefroy de Bouillon, Baudoin, Foucques
d'Anjou, Almery, Guy de Lusignan, &c.

(5) From x2 the running headline is: " De vincent historial," which portion appears to
begin : If De la tyrannie de paperissole | et de la destruction des turcz. | This and the 11 follow-
ing chapters down to the words "est moult perilleuse," correspond with chapters 139-152
(omitting c. 148) lib. XXI. of Vincent de Beauvais, translated by Jean de Vignay, Paris, N.
Couteau for J. Petit, 1531, vol. V, sigs. 5h3-4ii. There may be other extracts from the same
translation, but in any case the chapters are not in the same order,

(6) From sig. zi the running headline is : " De sainct Loys " ; and from Ai to H3 : " Des
guerres contre les turcz z sarrazins" (during the time of Philip III). On A3 (2nd alphabet) is
an account of the persecution of the Templars in 1307, with the Articles of accusation : (compare
the latter in Favine (A.), Theatre of Honour, Lond., 1623. pp. 404-5). On A4, the Shepherd's
intended Crusade in 1320 ; A4 vo., the execution of the Lepers of Languedoc on the ch,arge nf
poisoning the wells (1321). C7 vo., the Siege of Constantinople in 1453 (same as in M.imerol,
Passages d'Oiitre Mey, Paris, M. le Noir, 1518, SS3 to end : not Le Huen's translation). Dj. the
defence of Belgrade by John Corvinus (Huniades) with the help of S. John of Capistran in 1456.
E1-F2 : The Sieges of Negroponte, Rhodes and Otranto are from Le Huen's translation ; they
ought to have been printed at the end of Breydenbach's work, i.e., the first half of the volume,
as in the other editions. Then follows a chapter on the Conquest of Granada. 1492, and then :

(7) Sig. F4 TO {at foot) : 'i Sensuyt Ihistoire moderne, du | prince Syac ysmail surnomme |
Sophy Arduelin, Roy de Perse | z de Mede . . H i w. : •! Sensuit loccasion et matiere. du recent
et nouueau sauf- j conduit, donne de plain vouloir par le Souldan aulx sub- j gectz du Roy tres-
chrestien, Tant pour aler en pelerinaige | au sainctz sepulchre, comme traflicquer marchadement
en ] ses terres et seigneuries doultremer. j ending H3 {last line) : bon pasteur. Et lors le suyuront
ses ouailles de toute pars. | 'i Cy finist listoire de Sophie. II This history of Ismael, Shah of
Persia (14S7-1524) is translated from the Italian text of Giovanni Rotta, La uita del Sophi Re de
Persia & de Media & de | molti altri regni & paesi .. [s. n., c. 1508, roman letter, 28 lines, Brit.
Mus. C. 32. g. 11]: the present French version is that of J. Le Maire des Beiges, being the same
as it appeared in 1511 and other editions of \\\s Seismes et Coneilles de VEglise. A German trans-
lation was printed in 1515 by E. Oeglin at Augsburg. See also note to 1522 edition of the present
book. Rotta was a physician established at Aleppo : his original work is dedicated to the Doge
Leonardus Laureanus (doge, 1501-21).

(8) H3 vo. : H Cy ensuyt vng petit traicte touchat les il- | les, et terres neuues q' le Roy de
Portugal a trouuez, z aulcues boutees en sa subiection. | Comment hose Indian monta sus Cara-
nelles et vint en portugal . . being an account of the voyage of Pedro Alvarez [Cabral] to
Calicut, Sept. 1500, and the arrival at Lisbon of the Indian " Preioseph " at the end of June.

24

Second Frenxh Edition (Le Huen's), 1517: contimted.

This converted native passed on to Rome and \'enice (June, 1502) wliere liis account of manners
and customs at Caranganor was taken down.

(9) H8: II Aucunes lettres touchant des isles et terre neufues. [ .. comprising: (i) a Letter
of Dom. Critico " messagier de la seigneurie de Venise en Portugal." dated 27 June, 1500 [1501
in the original], announcing the Portuguese discovery [by Cabral] of a new land •■ terre des
papegaulx," and mentioning " Bartholomy florentin." (2) Letter of Pietro Pasqualigo "orateur
de la seigneurie de Venise . . escripte a ses freres dedans Lisbone," 19 Oct. 1500 [1501 in original] ,
reporting the discovery by Caspar Cotrad [Cortereal] of a land [Labrador] between " Mastrail
et Pouent," [i.e., North-West] with a description of 58 native persons brought therefrom.
(3) Letter of Franc, de la Saita of Cremona, dated Lisbon, 16 Sept, 1502, addressed to Pasqualigo
"enespaigne" and mentioning the death of " Areschorca facteur du roy" at Calicut [Jo.de
Nova's voyage] . (4) Letter from Spanish merchants to their correspondents in Florence and
Venice, dealing with the Treaty between the King of Portugal and the " Roy de Calichut" and
the voyage of "de la frote," May 1502 to Dec. 1503. Compare Harrisse, Bibl. Americana Vctiist.
1866, p. 61,

These items (Nos. 8 & 9) are translated from lib. VL of Montalboddo Fracanzano, Patii
Nuovamente Rilroiiati, &c., Vicenza, 1507, [Brunet, Manuel, V. 1156 ; Brit. Mus. C. 32. f. 30] cor-
responding with sigs. :^i vo.-Di {end), but are not in the same order. The running headline in
present book is : " Du Roy de portugal " from H4 vo. to I4. The above may possibly be the
first French translation : ? that by Mathurin du Redouer, all editions of which were published
sans date, but early.

It was in consequence of the Portuguese advances in India that the Sultan of Egypt threatened
vengeance on all Christians in his dominions as well as the destruction of Jerusalem and all holy
places. The Venetians encouraged him, fearful of losing their Eastern trade.

(10) Big. 14110. : Notice of death of Louis XII and accession of Francois I: headline "Du
roy Francoys."

(11) Headline, I5-I6 vo. : '• Coppie des lettres," sent to Pope Leo X, and translated from the
Italian, recounting victories over the Turks in 1516, Nos. 2 & 3 being from the "Consul de Sio"
[?Siout, Upper Egypt] (30 July, 1517). These end 16 vo.: Maiz q'l estoit pour le mieulx le
lais- I ser en ladicte morea : Pour cause des choses dessusdictes. | Then the colophon as above.

(12) Sig. k I, running headline : " Le voyage de romme," and below : *i Le chemin de rorame
auec toutes les eglises | Et mesmement les sept eglises principales que | doiuent visiter les pelerins
qui y vot auecques | les indulgeces et remissios q'lz acquieret et aussi | les stacios q se font durat
la saincte quarataine. | *\ Item plus le chemin depuis | lyon iusques a venise. | Then follows
the itinerary from Paris to Rome, which was the plus aise facile et vtile a tenir tant pour logis que
four feregriner en la saincte ate de Romme a commencer de . . Paris . . En laquelle a este translate et
imprime cedit present liure .. (12 Oct. 1517). The way is by Estampes, Thury, Orleans, Bourges,
&c., and is the same as in Signot (Jac), Totale et Vraie descr. de tous les passaiges, &c., Paris, 1515,
&c. For other itineraries, Paris to Venice, Lyons to Venice, &c., see C. F. Murray Catalogue
of French Books, index, s.v. Chemin. Then follows an account of the Basilicas of Rome with
their relics, abridged from the Mirabilia Romae, see p. 37 present description. The other churches
are reduced to a simple list, which is followed by the Stations of the Cross, ending k^vo.:
H Sesuyt le chemin de Lyon a venise | (by way of Verpillerie, Tour du Pin, Chambery, &c.),
the second colophon below. This piece (No. 12) in its abridged form was also separately
printed [? Paris, c. 1520]: see Rothschild Catalogue, II. p. 409.

For the description of the view of Jerusalem and the large folding woodcut found in some copies, see
those in the 1522 edition, which are identical.

The Costume cuts were not done for Regnault's editions, but the alphabets were copied from
the Lyons edition as follows: Arabic 14 t'o., Hebrew k i vo., Greek k2 to., Syriac ("Caldee") k3,
Coptic k4, Ethiopic k6. Copies of these alphabets were made by M. le Noir for his edition of
Mamerot. 151S.

The small cut of the Sepulchre appears on p4 vo. & ppp8 vo. The Animals were not done.

The other cuts illustrating the 2nd part of the book appear in Regnault's editions for the first
time, and are from various sources. That on pp2 is a large one representing Charles Martel :
originally from Boccaccio, De Casibus Illustrium Virorum (in French), Paris, J. du Pri, i483(-4),
afterwards used in Pynson 'sedition. London, 1494: see Bibliographical Soc. Trans. VI. pp. 42.45.

Besides those already mentioned there are 48 other cuts from various sources throughout

25

Second French Edition (Le Huen's), 1517: continued.

Part II. Several originally appeared in the Mer des Histoires, Paris, P. le Rouge. 148S, e.g., those
on sigs. PP4?, pp6?, pppi (repr. Claudin, I. 465(')), 13 vo. (repr. Murray Cat. p. 433), v2 vo.
(Murray p. 438 top), vj vo. (Claudin, I. 469 left half).

Others are probably from Verard's Cliroiiiqiies of 1493 and others published by him, as those
on sigs. PPP4 vo. (Macfarlane's Veraid, pi. XIX), ppp8 (Claudin, II. 211).

Several were afterwards employed in the 1522 edition of present book, e.g., those of Lyonnese
origin: A2V0. (2nd alphabet), .'Vj, Bi vo., B4 wo., Cyvo., D2, Ei.

That on 1 5 originally represented Platina writing the lives of the Popes and is probably the
identical block used in the edition of that work, Lyons, Gilb. de Villiers for Vine, de Portonariis
and Const. Fradin, 1512. This and most of the others do not appear in the 1522 edition, although
the type is the same in both : by that time the greater part of the stock may have passed into the
hands of one of the Couteau family.

Numerous ornamental initials throughout. The text-type in this edition of 1517 was also used
for that of 1522 : the two issues may readily be distinguished by the width of the type column,
which is 125 mm. in the present and 130 mm. in the 1522 edition.

Collation: — ^4, a-c6, d8-p4 (8 & 4 alternately), ppS, ppp8, q8-Z4 (alternate). A8-F4 (alternate). G4,
H8, 16, K6 (last leaf blank) = 4 ff. unnumb. + iij-xc + 16 unnumb. + xcicxcviij + i blank.
Note: the 16 unnumbered leaves between xc & xci are signed pp & ppp, and thus appear to be
an afterthought on the part of tlie printer.

The last blank leaf in the Grenville copy bears on the verso what appears to be a " set-off" of
some of the woodcut alphabets. On the title in a contemporary hand is *' Je suys A maistre
Francoys Sireau." Only the left half of the map of Jerusalem is in that copy (facing I4 vo.), but
it has the border-line intact all round. Each half had this line originally, but where the edge of
either half overlapped the other in joining up, one had to be cut off so as to make the entire view
continuous. The watermark is a gothic p with forked tail, curving upwards. The folding wood-
cut of the Crusaders, &c. is not in the Grenville copy, but is found in the other Brit. Mus. copy
(C. 32. m. 20) though divided into two halves : that of the French army facing I4 vo. (watermark,
a shield, in chief 3 fleurs-de-lis ; below, 3 crescents, 2 cS: i) : and that of the Pope's benediction, &c.
facing qi. The map of Jerusalem is not in that copy.

The type inserted in all these cuts is identical with that in the 1522 edition (No. X) and is in
the same position in the blocks.

[Another copy. 410., old russia, blind ornaments, g. e., by C. Smith, (ex libris George

Rennie, " 21 Whitehall Place," and Rev. Walter Sneyd).

This copy, acquired by Mr. C. F. Murray since the above description was in type, contains the
double folding woodcut of Crusaders, (facing verso of sig. pp i), which is identical in details with
that in the B.M. copy and that in the 1522 edition, No. X, but the watermark is a hand and star,
measuring about c. 90 mm. in height, with chain-lines c. 23 mm. apart. The watermark else-
where in book appears to be a shield with arms per fate, France and Brittany, (no crown above).
The map of Jerusalem is not in this copy].

26

X

BREYDENBACH (B. von). Peregrinationes, in French, translated
by Nicole Le Huen. Paris [Higman or Couteau ?]

for Fr. Regnault [the younger] 20 Mar. 1522 [-3]

Sig. [lj(i] Title: (L)E grant voyage de hie- | rusaletn diuise en deux | parties. En
la premiere est traictie des peregrinations de la saincte ci- | te de Hierusalem,
du mont saincte Lzatherine [sic] de Sinay et autres | lieux sainctz, auec les a,
b, c, des lettres grecques, caldees, hebraicques | et arabicques, auec aucuns
langaiges des turcs traslatez en fracois. | * En la seconde partie est traicte des
croisees et entreprinses faictes | par les roys et princes chrestiens pour la re-
couurance de la terre sain- | cte . . ^1 Des guerres des turcz et Tartarins La
prinse de Costantino- | ble, du siege de Rhodes, la prinse de Grenade, auec
Ihystoire de So- | phie Les guerres et batailles entre le grant turc et le grant
souldan | faictes depuis na gueres Le chemin et voyaige de Romme auec les |
stations des eglises ou sont les grans pardons Et plusieurs autres | choses singu-
lieres. | 1^ Imprime a Paris pour Francois regnault libraire demourant en | la
grant rue sainct Jaques a lymaige sainct Claude. | 1' Cum priuilegio. | Part II.
Title, sig. [qi] : ^' La seconde partie principale de ce present Liure conte- | nant
plusieurs voyages, guerres, croisees et expedi-| tions faictes en la Terre saincte :
pour la recou- | urance dicelle : Par plusieurs princes z roys | chrestiens : Come
Charles martel, Pe- | pin, Charlemaigne, Godeffroy de [ bullion [sic] , et le roy
sainct Loys . . Auec lystoire de | Sophie, dit | ysmael. | ^ ] 11 Et plusieurs
guerres et expeditions faictes en- | tre les turcz z payens. Et pareillemet des
guerres | faictes dernierement En Ian mil cinq cens et seize z | dixsept entre le
grant turc et le souldam. [siV] | [device] | I1 Cum priuilegio. | Sig. L5 vo. {large
type) : H Cy finist le grant voyage de Hierusalem auec plu- | sieurs autres choses
singulieres Imprime a Paris | pour Francoys regnault libraire iure de luni-
uersite. | Sig. L6 : 11 Le chemin de Rome auec toutes les eglises . . Last page
(M3W.): IT Cy finist le grant voyage de Hierusalem auec plu- | sieurs autres
choses singulieres . . Imprime a Paris pour Fracois regnault libraire | iure de
luniuersite de ladicte ville le. xxe. iour de mars | Lan mil cinq cens. xxii. |l

Gothic letter, 48 long lines to a page, with signatures, and partly folioed ; woodcuts.
4to., fine copy, (gj x 6f in.), original olive morocco gilt, corners of sides filled with
olive branches enclosing heads of cherubim, in centres the arms of the City of Paris within
an oval cartouche, g. e., enclosed in case, (ex libris J. T. Simes, and J. Gennadius).

THIRD EDITION OF N. LE HUEN'S ADAPTATION, with additions as in the second edition
(1517). also published by Regnault. Brunei, Manuel. I. 1252-3. No copy of this edition in British
Museum. Bibl. Nat. Cat. Gen. des Livres Impr. XIX., col. 533.

The title-page is in red and black (20 lines arranged in 4 paragraphs + i line, and measuring from
top to bottom, 172 mm.) without any other ornament than an initial L (28 mm. square). On
verso the licence of the Provost of Paris for two years, dated 4 Sept. 1517, signed Bouchier, and

27

Third French Edition (Le Huen's), 1522: continued.

Corbie. Sig. 15(2-4 I'o.: Table. Next page (ai): Epistle to Queen Marguerite by Nicole le
Huen, as in No. VIII. Sig. a2 to. -4 vo. : Preface or Introduction. On as is the Intercession as
before, with the name of Regnault. The text begins on aj vo., the Description of the Holy
Land on d6 t'o., the Manners and Customs on f8, the Journey to S. Katherine"s commencing
on ra I, followed by the •[ Preface petite es hystoires subsequentes. i.e., the Sieges, which, how-
ever, are not in this place, but are printed in the 2nd part {see below). The Vision on p2 T'O.
& P3, then the Vocabulary on p3 I'O. & p4, ending with the paragraph on the number of Islands
on p4 vo. with the Sepulchre cut below.

The second part commences on sig. q i with a new title-page, occupying i8 lines roughly in
the form of the Holy Grail, and having the elephant device of F. Regnault at foot. On verso,
the Prologue; text begins on next page, the matter being the same as in the 1517 edition.

(i) Histories of Charles Martel, Pepin and Charlemagne, sigs. q2-s3 vo.

(2-4) ^ Cy apres sensuit ung abrege et recueil des voya- | ges faictz en la terre saincte pour la
recouurace dicelle | i.e., the expeditions of Godefroy de Bouillon, Baldwin, Guy de Lusignan,
S. Louis, &c. , preceded by the "Exhortation et plainte lamentable," and the " Compendieuse
lamentacion " as before, sigs. S4-Z3 vo.

(5-6) De Vincent hystorial, De sainct Loys, &c., sigs. 23 i'o.-H4 vo., "la Prinse de Nigre-
pont ; de Rhodes ; de Idrontine " being on G1-H2.

(7) % Sensuyt Ihistoire moderne du prince Syac ysmail surnomme | Sophy Arduelin roy de
Perse . . (translated by J. Le Maire des Beiges), H4 no. -16 vo. Sig. I4, line 23 : IF Celluy de qui
iay translate vne partie de ceste histoire dytalien en francois escriuant au due moderne de Uenise
Lan mil cinq cens et huit . . {see note to 1517 edition). The " saufconduit" was proclaimed in
Lyons at Easter 1511, one of the officers mentioned being Gilbert Chauveau, otherwise Montjoye,
7oy d' antes, (sig. 1 5 vo.) : see also Murray Catalogue French Books, No. 354.

(8) 'i Cy ensuyt ung petit traicte touchant ysles et terres | neufues que le trescatholique roy
de Portugal a trou- | ues . . 16 vo.- K3.

(g) i! Aucunes lettres touchant des isles et terres neufues. | .. K3-L3.

(10) Accession of Francois I, &c., L3 vo.

(11) Letters to the Pope, &c., L4-5 vo.

(12) On L6 commences : "I Le chemin de Rome auec toutes les eglises Et mes- | mement les
sept eglises principalles que doiuent visi- ] ter les pelerins qui y vont auecques les indulgences
et I remissions quilz acquierent, et aussi les stations qui se | font durant la saincte quarantaine. |
comprising the itinerary from Paris to Rome, the account of the Basilicas of Rome, and other
churches, followed by the Stations of the Cross, ending with '• Le chemin de Lyon a Uenise,"
and the colophon on M 3 vo.

No large views were executed for Regnault's editions except one of Jerusalem.

%'B. Cite Se 3-berusalem, 29 x gjin., 2 sections, facing sig. 142^0.

This is entirely re-designed, though naturally founded upon the original one : it is cut on wood,
but all the inscriptions are inserted in type. The extent of the view is curtailed ; on the left
going no further than the Chasteau (Jes Pelerins, thus omitting Damascus; and on the right no
further than Mount Sinai, omitting Cairo and Alexandria. Its place is indicated opposite on
I4 vo. : *] Sensuit la protraction et j figure . . de | Hierusalem .,

In the lower right hand corner of this folding view is an interesting mark of a crowned dolphin
in the sea and bearing the letters 50 interlaced. This may be the punning mark of the publisher,
F. Regnault, thus : Regne-eau — compare the regular device used by the elder F. Regnault, re-
produced by Claudin, Hist, de I'Impr., II. 546.

Taken, however, in connection with the acrostic mentioned below, it seems more probable
that this is the mark of Orontius Fine, the famous mathematician {1494-1555). who may have
edited the present volume. If the view itself were better executed one would be inclined to
attribute the design thereof to Fine, who did some fine work in the way of book decoration. A
mark similar to the above is found on a fine cut of Astronomers, &c. in Purbach, Paris, M.
Lesclencher for Petit & Chauderon, 1515 : this mark consists also of a crowned dolphin (in
allusion to Fine's birthplace, Brian^on the capital of Haute-Dauphinc) and, forming part of the
foliage close by, the interlaced initials SO as above mentioned can be distinguished, without
doubt those of Fine, whose name is conveyed in an acrostic at the end of the Purbach, as

28

Third French Edition (Le Huen's), 1522: continued.

"Orontius Fine Briansonensis." The crowned dolphin and the initials are also found dispersedly
in Fine's IJe Miiiuii Sfluuru, Faris, Colines, 1542 ; see Murray Cat. of French Books, No. 651.
The watermark is the gothic P as described p. 26 ; the chain-lines being 25-30 mm. apart.

The other folding woodcut is that between P4 & q i. measuring 31J x gj inches, exclusive of
margins, and is composed of tw-o sections. The first shews knights and princes of all nations
receiving the Pope's benediction before departing for the Crusades ; on the right hand side of
this section is inserted in type a Ballade, the initials of which give the name ORONTIUS FINE
PHYSICUS : see above. The second half portrays the French army with the infantry composed
of "Aueturies" and Swiss facing the Saracens: Jerusalem in background. Compare M. le
Noir's copy of this cut in his edition of Mamerot, Passages, 1518 : (reproduced in Murray
Catalogue of French Books, p. 374). No watermark in this folding cut is observable: the chain-
lines vary from 23 to 32 mm. apart.

The Costume cuts were not done for Regnault's editions, but the alphabets were copied from
the Lyons edition as follows : Arabic i4 vo., Hebrew k i vo., Greek k2 vo., Syriac ("Caldee") k3,
Coptic k4, Ethiopic k6. Copies of these alphabets were made by M. le Noir for his edition of
Mamerot, 1518.

The small cut of the Sepulchre appears on p4 vo., but no cut of Animals was made.

Most of the other cuts illustrating the 2nd part of the book appear in this edition for the first
time, and are from various sources. That on q 2 is a large one representing Charles Martel as
before. There are 33 other cuts, ig of these being from early Lyons books, as Mir des Histoiyts,
Lyons, J. du Pr^, I4gi, and Martial de Paris [Lyons, PCI. Daygne, c. I4g8] , e.g., those on q3, q6,
r2V0., v8, yS, B3 vo., C7 vo., E5 vo., F2, H2 vo., H4 vo., L4. Several of these are remarkable
for the beauty of design and execution. Several of these are afterwards found in the hands of
the Couteaus, P. Leber, and Bonfons' Widow, printers at Paris. In a different style there are
seven narrow upright cuts, probably from a Bible. Three cuts are from the Verard Ckroniques,
1493, e.g., x3, C^vo., 1 2 vo. A portion of a cut from P. le Rouge's edition of La Mer des Hisloires,
1488, is found on zi and C2 vo. On C8 vo. is a copy (?) of a cut from Gringore, Chasteau de
Labour, Vostre, I4gg.

Numerous ornamental initials in various styles. The type appears to be the same as in the
1517 edition, but the width of the page is 130 mm. instead of 125 mm. The watermark is mostly
a^rowned shield of arms (? France).
Names of former owners occur on title as follows: "Julian le Peletus, 20 Mars 1516, viis virf."
" Ay achepte ce liure auec la Cosmographie Latine de Munster et I'ay paya soixante dix solz
28 Jan. 1608, C. Barberousse." " Ce present Liure m'a este donne par Monsieur de fonteny
parisien au moys de may 15810. P. Desforges." On b4 : "R. Ghillet." On last fly-leaf:
" lo'i I vol 7 mars 1729."
Collation: — ii«4, a-c6, d-z, A-M (8 & 4 alternately) = 213 leaves, the last blank not in this copy (4 un-
numbered -f ff. ccix) -I- view of Jerusalem and folding cuts as above. Sig. o i marked d i in error.

29

XI

BREYDENBACH (B. von). Peregrinationes, in French, translated
by Jehan de Hersin : Pelerinage d'Oultremer.

[s. 1., Lyon, Gaspard Ortuin] i8 Feb. 1489 [-go]

Sig. [a i] , Title {large type) : Le saint voiage et pelerina | ge de la cite saincte de
hieru | salem. | Verso: [full-page woodcut as before] Sig.nz: (E)N ce present
liure est cotenu le voyage et pelerinage doul | tremer au saint sepulchre . .
copose en latin par . . Bernard de brey- | denbach . . {line 12): Et a este
traslate de latin en | francois . . par deuot religieux frere ieha de hersin docteur
en theologie en lafamee | et excellete vniuersite de paris huble prieur des freres
hermites de salt | augustin de . . lyon . . (A) Tresreuerend pere en ihesucrist
et sei I gneur monseigneur Bertholde Ar- | cheuesque du saint siege de magoce
. . Bernardus de bereydenbach [sic] de ladi- | cte eglise de magonce doyen et
chama- | rier obediete prompte et denote. | . . Sig. 34 vo. {line i6) : Les articles
cy ap's escrips declairet en som- | me totale ce quest contenu en ce liure. | . .
Sig. a6 vo.: Cy commece la preface, cestadire le prologue . . Sig. h^ vo. {at
foot) : Sensuit le commencement dudit saint voyage depuis le lieu de no- | stre
pays et nacion iusques a venise. || Sig. b4 : (A) La louenge et gloire de nostre
doulx I sauueur . . Sig. D5 vo. {2nd alpliabei), line 21 : Cy comence la secode
partie pricipale de la p'miere partie de ce liure | En laq'lle est p'mise vne petite
p'face ou petit prologue des meurs des er | reurs z des sectes . . Sig. L5 {line 26):
Cy commence la preface commendatoire | de la seconde peregrinacion ou
pelerinage de | hierusalem . . iusques au mont de sinay a madame sain | cte
Katherine. .•. ■.• .•. .•. || Colophon (S5 vo.): Cy finit les sals voyages et pelerin-
ages de la saicte cite de hierusale3 et | dumont de synay . . Imprimes le. xviii.
iour de freuier [sic] Lan | mil.cccc.lxxxix. .•. •.• .■. .•. •.• .-. || Sig. S6: Cy sont
les ysles depuis venise iusques a rhodes. | . . Sig. S7 {line 11): Sensuiuent
aucuns motz comuns en langue sarra- | sine translates en latin. | . . Sig. S8
{21st & last line) : Cy finit la table en la langue sarrasine. || [verso blank]

Remarkable French type, 36-37 long lines to a page, with signatures, but no foliation ;
woodcut views and other illustrations from the original blocks. Folio, large
copy, (iij X 8 in. nearly), dark green morocco extra, full gilt back, centre block on sides,
dull g.e., by Pratt (ex libris ? Prince d'Essling, C. Inglis, m.d., and J. B. Inglis).

FIRST EDITION OF JEAN DE HERSIN'S TRANSLATION, apparently never reprinted :
closely adhering to the original text and entirely differing from N. Le Huen's version.

Hain, Repnt., No. 3961, was unable to examine a copy; Copinger, Supplement, I. p. 127, gives i88(?)
as the number of leaves, ascribing the book to the press of G. le Roy. Pellechet, Incunablis, 29S3,
gives 171 ff. (see below), also stating the Arsenal copy to lack the Jerusalem view and that at
Troyes to lack fol. i. Proctor, Index, 8618, IB. 41944, {no copy in Bodleian), ascribes the book to
the press of Jacques Maillet, but according to Claudin, Hist. del'Impr., 397 sq., the actual printer
was Gaspard Ortuin of Lyon. Neither the name of the printer nor that the town appears in the

30

J. DE Hersin's French Translation, 1489 : continued.

book, but the date is given in full. The present appears to be the Esslin^; copy recorded by
G. Brunet (La Fmnce Lilt., p. 35) as having passed successively through the hands of the
booksellers Techener and Payne, the latter of whom probably sold it to Mr. Inglis.
The title-page consists of three lines of large gothic letter, the verso being occupied by the full-page
woodcut as in the ist Latin edition of 148G.

On a2 is the introduction, together with the original prefatory epistle to Berthold, Abp. of
Mainz, whose arms, however, are replaced in this edition by those of France (in an initial A), this
being repeated on b4. The Table begins on a4 vo., the Preface on aC vik, the Explication on bs,
in which the artist is mentioned as in the original {b3 vo.) " ung singulier et fort expert paintre
nome Erhardus revvich du tree." The passage respecting the composition of the book runs
{line 8) : " et les ay fait mettre par lettres vulgaires et en latin par vng grant clerq a mon plaisir
et selon mon aduis come il faloit . . " The text begins on b4, with the large A before mentioned.

The Description of the Holy Land begins A 4 vo. (2nd alphabet) ; the section on Manners and
Customs on D5 vo., ending with the Vision of Charles the Bald on L5. On verso begins the
Journey to S. Katherine's, on M2 vo. being given the full list of the travelling party, including
" ce paintre fame et de grant renom Erhard revvich du trech qui tous les lieux yci pains et
figures il a fait z composes." The remainder of the names here given are not particularised in
Le Huen's translation.

On Q6 begin the Histories of the Sieges, ending on S5 with the recipes against sea-sickness
and vermin. On S6 is given the list of Islands in full (summarised in Le Huen), ending on S7
and immediately followed by the original Latin-Arabic Vocabulary (Le Huen's is translated
into French). This ends the book on S8, the verso of that leaf being blank.

The date 14SS, which is probably that of the composition of this version, occurs on G4, last
line: ".. iusques a present qui est Ian mil. CCCClxxxviii. .." No date is given in the " hareng
piteuse " on L i .
All the woodcuts in this French edition being from the original blocks, the measurements of the
Views correspond with those given at p. 3 above.

The pages of text printed on the otherwise blank backs are as follows : —

No. of f ages. No. of lines. Signature

I 35
I 31

3 Corfu

4 Modon

5 Candia

6 Rhodes

7 Jerusalem

•33 + 2

( 36

( 36

1 36

1 35

1 3S

35

[dl]

[ei]

Commenctus.
enuoient tous les ans. . .
Et en oultre . .
Sensuit la figure . .
Et apres cesdis . .
de ytalies pour aler . .
Apres la mort . .
y sont dune terre . .
y auoit cent cites . .
mee de laq'lle dit lacteur . .
vierge et martyre . .
ainsi dicte pour ce que . .

Figures.

Alphabets.

Sigs.

—

Syriac

1 1 vo.

Abyssinians
Turks

Coptic
Ethiopic

1 1 vo.
15
16
R3

I Woodcut of Animals,
t Woodcut of Holy Sepulchre.
The two pages occupied by these two cuts are on extreme left of the blank back of the View.
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre appears on sig. f 6. The figures and alphabets as follows:
Figures. Alphabets. Sigs.

Saracens Arabic H3TO.

Jews — H 4

— Hebrew H 6

Greeks — H 6 ao.

Syrians Greek H 8 vo.

Several reproductions of cuts and type are given by Claudin, Hist, de I'liupr., III. 397-406.
The watermarks are as follows : man's head and cross above, measuring 70 mm. in height [cf. that
of Ratdolt's in Pomp. Mela, Venice, 1482. reproduced in Ongania, Arte delta Stampa, \. p. 49,
No. i]. Jug or pitcher, 42 mm. ; ? Helmet, 63 mm. (thick paper) ; Cross boton^ (or trefoiled),
57 mm. (thin paper) ; Bull's head with Tau cross and cinquefoil above, c. Go mm. ; Gothic p and
trefoil, c. 75 mm. (cf. Flemish edition. 1488) ; ? Serpent, c. 75 mm. (thin paper, sheet L).

Collation: — ab8; c8(Venice); -)-i unsigned leaf -1- [d] 8 (Parens, Corfu, Modon) ; [e] 8 (Candia, Rhodes),
fg6, A-H8, 16, K-M8, N6, O P8, Q6, R S8 = 191 leaves, unnumbered, reckoning every leaf

31

J. DR Hersin's French Translation, 1489 : continued.

of the views and including in the total a single leaf of letterpress (unsigned : printed both sides)
inserted between the first two views (i.e., between c8 & d i). This begins : cer le department, . .
and ends, on verso (line 14) : | de parentine, mais las ytaliens la nomment parente. 11 In conse-
quence of the expansion ol the text by translation and the larger type used, it was found necessary
to insert this leaf so as to continue the letterpress from the back of the map of Venice. The
map of Jerusalem, &c., equivalent to six ordinary leaves, has no letterpress and is not included
in signatures. Total number of leaves — 191 + View of Holy Land.

Tellechet's collation (No. 29S3) is erroneous, giving only 171 leaves, partly accounted for by
omitting any mention of sig. K, and not specifying the single inserted leaf.

In the present copy the outer extensions of the view of Venice are supplied from the 1502
edition. As the blocks in both editions are so similar, the difference would not be perceived but
for the two pages of type on the back : (N.B — The French equivalent of this Latin letterpress
is found in its proper place on another part of the back of the view).

The Jerusalem view is slightly repaired and is inserted between e8 & fi, which is probably
not its proper place : (in the British Museum copy it is placed at the end). Those of Candia and
Rhodes are transposed.

3a

XII

BREYDENBACH (B. von). Peregrinationes, in Spanish, translated
by Martin de Ampies : Viaje a Tierra Santa.

Zaragoza, Paul Hurus, i5 Jan. 1498

Sig. [ai] iiile {in large xylographic letters): Viaje de la | tierra sancta | Sig. [a i vo'\:
[full-page woodcut as before] Sig. a 2 : Comieca el prologo de mar | tin Martinez
dampies, enel transla | do del sancto viaje, si quier peregrina | cion dela tierra
sancta. Fecho y com- | puesto por el Reuerendo Bernardo | de breidebach :
Dean dela yglesia me- | tropolitana, dela ciudad de Magun | cia de Alemana :
el qual endre90 al re- | ueredissimo arqobispo dela dicha ma | guncia, principe
illustre, y elector del | jmperio. Despues transferido por el | dicho Martin
dampies. Endre9a se | y drige al inclito y muy noble senor | don loan de
Aragon : conde de Ri- | bagorga, Uisorey de Cateluha. | Inclito y muy noble
senor. ( (U)Ieja doctrina es de | los antiguos : . . Sig. a3 vo., col. 2, line 24:
Comien^a ende la introdu-|ducti6[s!c] de Martin martinez dapies | enel tractado
por el compuesto, para | principio siquier caheqa. del santo via | je. . . Sig. a 4 vo. :
Comieca el tratado de Ro- | ma : copuesto por Martin dapies. | . . Sig. e8 {col. 2,
line 12) : Acaba se el tractado de Ro | ma de Martin dampies: puesto en el |
principio del Uiaje dela tierra sancta, | . . y ende comien9a la prime- | ra parte,
dende Uenecia fasta Iheru- | salem . . Sig. e8 vo. : [blank] Sig. fi : Comien(;a
ende la parte pri- | mera del Dean de magucia, enel san- | cto camino delos
peregrinos, dede la | noble ciudad de venecia fasta el sepul | cro, y tierra santa
de jherusalem. | . . Sig. 04 : Comieca vn tratado dela p'te | seguda del Dean de
magucia . . (foot of page) : Prologo del reueredo Dean | de Maguncia enel trac-
tado de la se- | {col. 2) ; gunda parte, sobre las sectas y varios | erroes dela tierra
sancta. | . . Sig. t4i'o. : Comie9a la tercera parte del | sancto viaje: la qual
tratara del romea | je, o peregrinacion de jherusale a mon | te Synai : donde sta
el cuerpo dela se- | iiora sancta Catherina. con la descrip | cion de todo Egipto :
y el grade ciu | dad Elcayre con Alexandria : y el no- | ble rio llamado Nilo . .
Sig. y2: Estas son las yslas q' hay de | venecia fasta en rodas. | Sig. y2 vo.
{line 8) : Es acabada la p'egrinacion y viaje d'la tierra santa . . Sig. y 3 : De
como fue tomada | Constantinoble. | . . Sig. z8 {colophon) : *i Fue la presente
obra a costas y espensas de Paulo Hurus aleman de | Constacia romanijada : y
con mucha diligecia imprimida Enla muy In | signe y noble ciudad de (jaragocja
de Arago. Acabada a xvj. dias de Ene | ro. Enel ano de nuestra salud Mil.cccc.
xcviij. I Sig. z8 vo.: [woodcut of Animals] Sig. zi : Comien9a la tabla del
p'sente | libro intitulado viaje dela tierra santa: | . . Sig. z6 {col. 2, last line):
Laus deo. | [verso blank]

Bold gothic letter, double columns of 43-44 lines to a page, with signatures and
foliation, woodcut views as in the first edition, and others of Spanish origin.
Fol., large copy, leaves measuring iif x 8| in. nearly, brown morocco extra, blind
and gilt tooling on sides, inside borders, g. e. [by Lortic]

33

Spanish Edition, 1498 : continued.

FIRST AND ONLY EDITION IN SPANISH : translated by Martin Dampies or de Ampies :
with the original cuts, and others. Much rarer than any of the preceding editions in Latin or
German .
Hain 3965 gives the title, but no further particulars, as he was unable to examine a copy of the book.
Not in Pellechet, liwinuiblts, therefore no copy in the French Public Libraries. Haebler, Biblio-
grafia Iberica, 1904, No. 75, the copies cited being at Madrid, Lisbon, Vienna, and Brit. Mus.,
London. Haebler, Early Piinteis oj Spain S'Poriugal, 1897, p. 115 and pi. xvii (4 reproductions).
Proctor, Index 9513 : British Museum copy imperfect, wanting last leaf : no copy in Bodleian.
Gallardo, Bibl. Esp., III. 653-6, No. 2946. Moser (Smipcuiii, III.) describes the Stuttgart copy,
which lacks the view of Venice and is otherwise defective : all the cuts are described.
The first page has two lines of large gothic lettering (see below), on verso being the full-page wood-
cut as in the ist Latin edition. On a2 begins the "Prologo," first of all being the Dedication of
the translator to "don loan de Aragon, conde de Ribagor^a, Visorey de Cateluna"; the original,
to the Abp. of Mainz, naturally being omitted. The artist Reuwich is mentioned in the new
dedication, but not by name : a2, col. 2, line 6 from foot : " . . delas q'les muchas pintar fi | zieron
al natural como fallauan, por ] vn maestro pintor ingenioso, q' passo | con ellos [Breydenbach
and the others] . no puso mentiras, ni mara | uillas por el fingidas : empero lo cier- | to q' \io y
toco, y por la sagrada scrip Ij (verse) : tura se prueua. como persona q' vida, | costumbres, saber,
y virtud le acopa- | riauan [&c.]" A reference to the "pintor famoso" also occurs on a3, col. i,
line II. Reuwich's name is retained in the second part as before (here called the third part)
sig. t6, col. 2 : "Con los q'les fue Erhardo reruich [sic] de | Traiecto inferiori, pintor muy subtil : |
el q'l pinto estas p'sentes hystorias bie | y al natural cBtrafechas, por su Igenio | "

Then on verso of a2 is the "Introduction," i.e., the Contents, followed on a3 by the "Exhor-
tacion " and on verso by another introduction concerning the translator's own part of the book :
ending 34.

On verso of 34 begins the " Tratado de Roma, compuesto por Martin Dampies," added, it is
almost needless to remark, in this edition for the first time. On sig. ey are the Stations of the
Cross, ending the Tratado de Roma on e8 ; the verso blank. (A full description of this piece is
given below).

On sig. f I begins the .\ccount of Breydenbach's Voyage, including the accounts of Venice and
Padua and relics there, as before. The original text, as well as being translated, is interspersed
with long paragraphs by the translator himself, consisting of his remarks on what goes before,
each time headed " Martin dampies." These remarks comprise a great deal of information from
Biblical and Classical history not contained in the foundation-work, and thus form in themselves
a new book.

The Description of the Holy Land and its sights ends sig. 03 vo., on next page beginning " la
segunda parte sobre las sectas y varies erroes," the Saracens being called " Moros."

On t4 vo. begins " la tercera parte " dealing with the Pilgrimage to Mount Sinai, terminating
with the Journey's end at Venice on yi vo. Then the Names of the Islands on y2, ending on
verso with a kind of summary of the raison i'Hre of the book, including special praise of the
pictures: (/me ic, from foot) : " .. por vn general recuerdo y enxaltacio de n'ra x'pianissimareli- |
gion, truxo siepre cosigo a sus costas p'a pintar y sculpir todas las ciudades | yslas y p'uincias
por dode anduuiessen : vn tan excellete y esmerado pintor, q' | para mayor p'fecion no era
menestar dessear a Apelles, o praxiteles: y puesto | q' por fu industria y ingenio todas las cosas
dignas de fama se pintaro alo ] muy natural y verdadero . . " At foot is mentioned that the View
of the Holy Land follows. On y3 begins the History of the Sieges, ending with colophon and
printer's device on sig. z8, on verso of which is the large cut of Animals. The Table follows,
with sig. z (et) and occupies six leaves, the verso of last being blank. The Vocabulary and the
two recipes were not printed.

The date 1497 is given on sig. qi vo., col. i, line 12 from foot: "el aiio de cristo | ihesu mil.
cccc.lxxxxvij. corren . . ", probably that of the translation. No date is given in the " Oracion "
on S3 vo.

This edition contains all the woodcuts from the original blocks in the ist Latin edition, besides many
others.

The frontispiece, as before, is on the verso of the first leaf, but in this edition the recto is
occupied by two hues of large gothic lettering, Dtaje 5ela | tlCrra SaitCta | probably
cut on wood, the block measuring 145 x 100 mm. Tobler (Bibliog. Gcog. Palacstmae, Leipzig
1867, pp. 55-57) states that the title-page in the Brit. Mus. copy is in MS., but it should be noted
that this MS. title is pasted over the original one, which otherwise appears to be quite perfect.

34

t'

ced betivetn

ii-

-4

gi-

-2

g2-

-3

g3-

-4

g4-

-hi

hi-

-2

Spanish Edition, 1498 : contimied.

The folding woodcut \-ie\\'s measure the sanfie as before, see p. 3, but in this edition each has
had the foho number inserted in the right hand corner of the block ; in other respects they are
exactly the same as before. No text is printed on the backs and each view is bound in by the
left hand edge so as to open out to the right. Though numbered in as leaves of the book, they
are not included in sheeting.

Folio.

1 Venice XLIIII

2 Parenzo XLVII

3 Corfu XLIX

4 Modon LI

5 Candia LIII

6 Rhodes LV

7 Jerusalem [between CLXII — III] y2 — 3

Besides these views there is an entirely new one of Rome, to illustrate the section on that City
by Martin, added to this edition for the first time.

IROnifl 22J X II inches ; in 2 sections ; equivalent to 3 leaves of book : between ff. IIII-V.

There are several inscriptions on the block in gothic letter, naming the different buildings, &c.,
as follows : — Coloseus, Maria rotunda, Fluvius tiberis, Columna antoniana. La galla, S. petrus,
Meta romuli, S. celsus, Palacium pape, Belvidere, Castellum S. angeli, Hospitale sancti spiritus,
S. maria de populo. Porta pertusii, Porta pinciana, Porta de populo.

This view is almost identical with that in Schedel, Liber Chronicarum, Nuremb. 1493, fif. 57-58,
except for size, the latter measuring 20J x 9 in., thus being smaller than the Breydenbach cut.
The 1493 view has the inscriptions cut on the wood, while that of 1498 has them inserted in type.
There is also less detail, several buildings being omitted in the 1493 cut, which is also curtailed
on left and at foot.

It may be that, in common with the earliest authentic view of the City (that in P. Bergomensis,
Suppl. Chronicarum, Venice. 1490). both examples of the larger view (Breydenbach & Schedel)
were adapted from an earlier cut, drawing, or painting earlier than 1490, not now in existence,
but of which a copy in tempera — done in 1534 or after, by one Solanzio Rusconi — is preserved
in the Mantua Museum ; see Lippmann, Wood Engraving in Italy, 1888, pp. 73-76. With regard,
however, to the 1490 view (Bergomensis) it should be noted that the point of vantage is very
slightly removed to the right hand, for the Pantheon or La Rotonda and the Antonine Column
are seen more from that side, suggesting an original different from that of the Nuremberg
Chronicle and the Breydenbach.

The figure-studies and alphabets are from the original blocks, but now are surrounded by
narrow ornamental borderpieces of Spanish workmanship.

Figures.
Saracens

: Alphabets.
Arabic

Sigs.
q6

Jews
Greeks

Hebrew
Greek

q6 TO

q7t»o
q8 vo

Figures.

Alphabets.

Sigs.

—

Syriac

ri vo

— ■

Coptic

r2

—

Armenian

r3

Abyssinians

—

r4

—

Ethiopic

r4 vo

Turks

—

z I vo

Syrians

This is the second edition to contain the Armenian alphabet. As in the French editions the
Syriac is called Chaldean.

The other original blocks occur as follows : — Church of Holy Sepulchre, sig. i i vo. : Animals,
sig. zS vo. The small cut of the Sepulchre does not appear.

Besides these are many additional cuts, making this edition the most profusely illustrated of
any. These cuts appear to be from two or three sources : the larger number no doubt executed
specially for the work, several of the rest evidently from Lyons, having been previously used by
Math. Huss in his Voragine of i486. Those probably executed in Spain may be divided into
two classes; those in the finer style and possibly by native workmen, and those of a slightly more
pronounced German type. The cuts are of much beauty and interest, and though probably, like
the Lyonnese cuts in the same volume, executed by compatriots of the printers, exhibit as it
were the softening influence of a southern climate over the natural Teutonic ruggedness, without
however, losing boldness and vigour. Several appear to have been based on the set of 20 cuts
(c. 1480) known as the " Delbecq-Schreiber Passion" [also copied in Fasciculus Mirre, Antw.,
H. Eckert, 151S, and again in Fere (Jean), Passion Davitique, Paris, P. Vidoue for J. Petit, 1523],
These (the Spanish copies) would appear to have first been used in Andres De Li, Tesoro de la

35

Spanish Edition, 1498 : continued.

Paston, Zaragoza, P. Hurus, 1494 (Haebler 200) judging from a reproduction we have seen from
that book. Altogether there are four different styles represented in this set of cuts, which may
conveniently be distinguished by the cruciform nimbus of Christ. In the finer style, No. i (that
of the Passion copies referred to above) each arm of the cross is cuneiform with a line each side.
thus, >|T^ ; mostly within double circle.

No. 2 : Spanish style ; cross of nimbus as before, but without lines each side, thus, T : single
line circle.

No.

No.

fleur-de-lise cross, -tf/-, generally with single line border surrounding cut.

Lyonnese cuts, from the Voragine of Math. Huss, i486 ; cross of 3 thin lines, thus, llf.

Sig-

1 h4TO.

2 h5

3 —

4 h 5 iio.

5 —

6 h6

7 h6t>o.

17 16 DO.

18 —

19 ki

Style.

21

k I DO

22

k2

23

—

24

ki vo

25

—

26

1<3

27

—

28

k3 OT

2q

—

30

k4

32

k4Z.o

33

k5

Christ at Emmaus . .

Christ before Caiaphas

Christ and Barabbas

Death of Virgin

Christ and disciples

David's penitence . .

Last Supper . .

Washing feet . .

Pentecost

Christ and S. Thomas

Three Marys . .

" Noli me tangere " (inscribed)

Deposition

Entombment . .

Dives and Lazarus , .

Procession to Calvary

Pilate washing hands

Mocking Christ

"Ecce homo" (inscyibed)

Christ before Herod

Presentation in Temple

Christ and Doctors . .

Christ entering Jerusalem . .

[as No. 4]

Gethsemane . .

Kiss of Judas. .

Christ mourning over Jerusalem

Ascension

Disciples and ass

Christ and disciples praying

Healing the blind

Circumcision . .

Nativitv

Sig.
k5 vo.

Style.
No.

34
35

36 -

37 k6

38 k6 110.

39 —

40 k7

41

—

42

k7 TO

43

k8

44

\iSvo

45

—

46

I3

47

I5 vo.

48

16

49

—

.=io

16 vo.

51

IS

52

18 vo.

56

m2 TO

57

—

5S

m3

59

m3 TO

60

m6 TO

61

m7

62

mS TO

63

n 2 vo.

64

"7

65

02 TO.

66 03

Adoration of Magi
Shepherds in fields
Fhght into Egypt . .
Visitation . .
Raising of Lazarus
Mary Magdalene . .
The Good Samaritan
Baptism of Christ
" Ecce Agnus Dei " {inscribed}
Temptation of Christ

Scourging

Pool of Bethesda . .

Woman of Canaan

Feeding the multitude . .

Healing the paralytic

Healing the leper . .

Walking on the water

Miracle of the swine

Marriage at Cana..

S. George and Dragon . .

Pharisees and Publicans. .

Annunciation

Christ and Book of Isaiah

Christ and the priests

Transfiguration

Raising the Widow's Son

Decollation of the Baptist

Christ & Woman of Samaria

Massacre of Innocents . .

Crucifixion . .

Creation of Eve . .

[as No. 43J

[as No. 58]

Nos. 4, 17, 19 and 55 are reproduced by Haebler, Early Printers of Spain, &c., pi. xvii ; No. 62
by Claudin, Hist, de VImpr., III. 275(1).

The Lyons cuts occur in the Voragine, i486, as follows: — No. 8, B2 to. ; No. 23, Bi to. ;
No. 53, i I ; No. 60, SI vo. ; No. 62, C2.

No. 14 is remarkable as containing cross-hatching. No. 45, the Pool of Bethesda, is represented
like bathing places of the XV century, e.g.. like that of Plombieres. No. 49 shews Lepers with
their clappers: see other examples in Fonteine (C), Figiiics dii Nouveaii Testament, Lyons, 1559,
sig. C5, and Heures de Rome, Paris, Pigouchet, 1496, and other editions. No. 43 represents the
Devil with cloven hoof.

On sig. i4 is a remarkable full-page woodcut in Spanish style (10 x 6f in.), representing the
Crucifixion after a masterly design, the modelling of one of the horses being excellent, the faint-
ing figure of Mary the Mother of Christ finely and naturally represented, and the draperies
carefully studied and arranged.

There are a few handsome ornamental initials, white foliage on a black ground, but the re-
mainder are small, black and plain.

The note-worthy device of the printer on z 8 is reproduced by Haebler, Typogr. Iber. No. 74,

36

Spanish Edition, 1498 : continued.

but is there slightly reduced. The original measures 124 x 83 mm., plus a narrow border added
in this edition. It consists of three blocks, the device proper in centre consisting of a circle with
legend : In omnibus operibus tuis : Memorare nouissima tua : enclosing a cross and two triangles,
which are the mark of the founder of the firm, Hans Hurus (first used in 1489 and the earliest
mark in a book printed in Spain) : below are two lions. The two blocks flanking this device
represent S. James of Compostella and S. Sebastian. [Diego Gumiel of Valencia adapted these
figures, but changed the first to S. Roch] . Georg Coci, the successor of P. Hurus, adapted the
main device, slightly altering details, and used the identical blocks of saints in the same manner
and with the same borderpieces, e.g., in L. Marineus, Dc pyimis Ayagoniae Regibiis, 1509. P. Hurus
appears to have used a smaller device in 1497 (Haebler 26, but device unmentioned), measuring
70 X 55 mm. : similar to the present, but the lions for instance are transposed.

The watermark is a hand and star, measuring altogether about 88 mm. in height. There are two
varieties, one with chain lines each c. 30 mm. apart and the other 38-40 mm. (variable).

Collation: — a-e8, fg4, hi6, k-q8, r6, s-n8, y4, z8, t6= 172 leaves + Views, of which oiif /ra/ of each
(except Rome and Jerusalem) is included in numbering but not in signatures, the last folio in
book being CLXXVIII. In reality there are 27 more unnumbered leaves, reckoning the folding
portions not folioed, and the wliole of the views of Rome and Jerusalem. Total, 205 single
leaves including extensions of views.

In the present copy three of the views are in facsimile, viz., Rome (slightly reduced), Venice,
Jerusalem : a portion of Parenzo is made up. The frontispiece is printed from the original
block, but is inserted from another edition and therefore has no lettering on recto. The copy is
otherwise in fine clean condition.

Martin Martinez de Ampies, the translator of this work, was also the author of the Triun/o dc Maria,
1495, and translator of the Libra del Antichyiito, 1497, and Diaz (Man.) Libra de Albeiteria, 1495:
all printed at the press of Paul Hurus.

The above "Tratado de Roma compuesto por Martin dampies" is mainly drawn from the
Mirabilia Ramae 3.nd the Miyabilia [vel potius] Histoiia et Descyiptio Urbis Ranuie, two books for
pilgrims,. many editions of which were published in the XV and early XVI Centuries ; the first a
tract of six to eight leaves, detailing the various sights in Rome, the other consisting of 50 or
more leaves and dealing with the history of the City and its Churches. The majority of editions
are in Latin, several others being in German, at least three in Italian and at least four in French
(see C. F. Murray Catalogue of French Books, 1910, Nos. 674-5), but, we believe, none was
ever published in Spanish except the present version which hitherto seems not to have been
noted as an edition of the Pilgrim's Book.

Martin seems to have made some additions of his own, but otherwise has adhered closely to
the Latin text.

He commences early with the statement "Cephalo scriptor mucho antigo dize que fue fundada
por Romo fijo de Eneas : cuya opinion siguieron Demagoras y Agatillo." He then cites other
authors as Aristoteles, Sallust, Dion Cakideiise, Solinus, Eutropius, &c. Then follows the Des-
cription of the City, its gates, bridges, palaces and other buildings, cemeteries, &c. Then a
Description of Italy and its 18 provinces, " Tuscia " the 6th being specially discussed at the end.
Then an account of the Emperors and Popes, on d2 vo. commencing the Histories of Constan-
tine, his eight churches (with their riches, giving the weights in gold), S. Helena [" fija del rey
de Anglaterra," i.e., king Coel] and S. Sylvester. On dj i'o. begins the account of the seven
Principal Churches (Basilicas) and of the So of lesser note (as in the Mirabilia), the places where
indulgences were granted being marked with a single or double cross according to their im-
portance : compare the description of the View of Jerusalem p. xxiv.

A few of the relics found at the different churches may be mentioned. At S. John Lateran,
a piece of the True Cross, the Sudarium, some milk, hair and clothing of the Blessed Virgin,
and even "el prepucio" of the Circumcision : a picture of Christ painted when he was 12 years
of age: [said to be still in existence, to measure 5 ft. 8 in. high, and to be of Greek work-
manship]. The two chapels in which no woman was allowed are mentioned. No. 4, S. Maria
Maggiore, is said to have held a relic of S. Thomas of Canterbury, viz., one of his arms (brajo)
[Baring-Gould mentions only "some portion of his brains as being at this church."] No. 7,
S. Croce in Gerusalemme contained "duo ciphi," one full of the blood of Christ, the other of
the Virgin's milk ; here was a chapel in which women were allowed to enter once a year only.

37

Spanish Edition, 1498 : continued.

In No. 28 of the minor churches, S. Clement, the account of Pope Joan (Joannes Anglicus)
and her faux pas — found in the original Mirabilia — is wisely omitted by the translator. This
"Tratado de Roma" ends like the Mirahilia with a list of the Stations of the Cross.

The reason of this description having been added to the Breydenbach, is given in the Intro-
duction {a3 I'o.) : "Los peregnnos .. que deliberan passar al sepulchro sancto de xpo son
obligados de yr en Roma por tomar licencia del santo padre, o cobrar aquella c5 algun medio
para su camino. lo qual no haziendo incurre a pena de escomunion."

Martin in one of his notes in the main text identifies S. Veronica with the woman mentioned
by S. Luke, cap. 8. [cf. Baring-Gould, Lives of the Saints, VII. 287] and gives the history of the
Sudarium : see sig. ij vo., col. 2. In other parts he cites various authors, as Isidorus, Josephus,
Boethius, Seneca (Pyoverbia) : on sig. 13 begins a long note on the expulsion of the Moors from
Spain. On g3 vo. is a note on the Gipsies ("bohemianos" or "egipcianos"), the whole of it
being given by Gallardo, III. No. 294O.

This is the last appearance of the original cuts (see Introduction), which were previously used in
successive editions at Mainz, 1486-88, [Lyons] Feb. i489(-9o), and Speier, July 1490. Several
instances are known of printing material being transferred from Lyons to Zaragoza, besides that
of the present blocks of Breydenbach's book : (which, however, go to Speier before reaching
Spain). The fount of type used by Hans Hurus in Diaz de Montalvo, Oidoiianras Reales of 1490
(also used by Paul Hurus in Rodrigo de Zamora, Espcjo de la Vida Humana, 1491) was originally
in the hands of Mathieu Husz of Lyons. The cuts also in the last-mentioned book (Rodrigo
1491) were previously used in the French edition of 1482 by Nic. Philippi & M. Reinhard at
Lyons, and, like the Breydenbach cuts, originally came from Germany — Augsburg, 1479, accord-
ing to Claudin.

Regarding the business connection which undoubtedly existed between Husz and Hurus,
Claudin goes so far as to suggest that these names are practically one and the same, that Hurus
is the Latin rendering of the German name Husz, that Hans Hurus sometimes spelled his name
Hutz or Husz, and that these two printers were therefore possibly members of the same family.
Leonhard Hutz, who was with Hagenbach at Valencia in 1493-6 and who, with Coci and
Appentegger, continued the business of the Hurus in 1500, is said to have been a brother of
Mathieu Husz. We may add that Jhan Hus for whom P. Bellescul^e of Rennes printed a
book in i484(-5) [Burger's Index, p. 341] is possibly identical with Hans Hurus. It is also to
be noted, however, that Mathieu Husz seems to have formerly been known as Matisz Huber,
and that Haebler states that Hurus originally (when in Germany) wrote the name: Hyrus. See
Claudin, Hist, de I'Impy., III. 314, and Haebler, Typogr. Ibhique, p. 40.

BREYDENBACH (B. von). Peregrinationes, in Spanish: Viaje a
Tierra Santa. Zaragoza, Paul Hurus, i6 Jan., 1498

Fol., green morocco extra, g. e. in rough, enclosed in brown morocco pull-off case.

Another copy of the preceding, having at foot of last blank page a note in the autograph of
Ferdinand Columeds (1488-1539), son and biographer of the great Navigator: giving par-
ticulars of purchase, &c. : —

costo este libro en sevilla. 204. mrs ' Esta Registrado j 2077 I
Then below in fainter ink ; —

Es de don hrdo [Hernando] hio [hijo] del almirante colon
Contrary to the distinguished owner's usual practice there is no date added to the first note,
but it is probable that the purchase was made some time between 1525-2S. The number 2077
apparently refers to the classification, and not to the order of acquisition. Most of the volumes
which have become separated from the library at Seville, it may be remarked, have had the
identifying inscription cut away or otherwise erased.

38

Spanish Edition, 1498 (Ferdinand Columbus Copy) : continued.

It will be useful to give an outline of the life of Ferdinand and the formation of the library —
abridged from Harrisse (H.), Exceyfta Colombiniaiui, Paris, 1S87, pp. 1-41.

" Fernand Colomb, fils de I'illustre navigateur genois, naquit a Cordoue. le 15 aoiit 1488.

Bibliophile methodique et eclaire, Fernand inscrivait sur la derniere page de chaque livre
de sa belle et nombreuse bibliotheque I'^poque et le lieu oii il en avail fait I'acquisition. ..
Nous voyons Fernand en mai [1522] a Bruges, ou il a du rencontrer I'crudit Jean Vasseus, qui
vers 1535 devint son biblioth^caire. . . II se trouve a Londres en juin 1522. . . II passe les quatre
annSes suivantes [1526-9] a Seville, occupy a organiser sa bibliotheque et a surveiller la con-
struction de la somptueuse demeure qu'il ^rigea au milieu d'un magnifique jardin plants d'arbres
exotiques. . . Le 20 novembre, Charles-Quint accorde a Fernand une pension de 500 onces d'or,
en partie pour 1 'aider a former la Bibliotheque Colombine.

Au mois de decembre 153S, il est a Seville, deja souffrant du mal qui devait I'emporter. II
fait son testament le 3 juillet de I'annee suivante, et meurt dans cette ville le matin du samedi
12 juillet 1J39. Le seul de la famille des Colomb, Fernand fut enseveli dans la cath^drale de
Seville, oil sa pierre tumulaire, plusieurs fois renouvelee, se trouve dans la grande nef, a quel-
ques pas en avant du chceur. . . Cosmographe, juriste, bibliophile el tres lettr^, il aimait les arts
et cultivait la po^sie. On lui altribue enfin une histoire de son pere, dont le texte espagnol est
perdu. . .

Fernand Colomb fut le premier qui, aux xvie siecle, consacra sa fortune et ses efforts a r^unir
tous les ouvrages de science et de lill^rature qu'il put trouver, dans le seul but d'en faire profiler
quiconque voudrait s'instruire. . . [II] reunit 15,370 livres el manuscrils; chiffre considerable pour
I'^poque et qu'aucune bibliotheque privee n'avait encore atleint. Voulant imprimer a sa collec-
tion un caraclere cosmopolite et perp^tuel, il proposa a Charles-Quint de la transferer dans une
ville d'Espagne que ce prince designerait, et, ensuite, d'y faire affluer les livres de tous genres
publics en Europe. Son vccu le plus cher elait de creer un vaste lieu dVtude, 'un refuge' oil les
savants du monde entier pussent trouver une r^ponse aux doutes qui assiegeaient leur esprit. A
eel effel, il dressa une serie de catalogues, de repertoires el d'index dont plusieurs existent encore.

Charles-Quint soumit ce noble projel au Conseil de la couronne, mais il n'y fut pas donne
suite. C'est alors que Fernand legua sa collection a don Luis Colomb. son neveu, pelit-fils du
grand Christophe et chef de la famille. II fit plus. Une clause de son testament porle que dans
le mois qui suivra sa mort, on fera estimer tous ses biens, meubles el immeubles, et que le pro-
duil de la vente sera affecte regulierement a I'entretien et a I'accroissement de la bibliotheque.
Si don Luis refusait d'accepter le legs a ces conditions essentielles, c'est la cathedrale de Seville
qui devenail heritiere, tant de la fortune que des livres, mais avec les memes charges. En cas
de refus de la parte du chapitre, le monaslere de Saint-Paul etait designe pour recueillir cetle
riche succession. Lorsque Fernand mourut. ni don Luis ni sa mere ne firent acte d'heriliers, et,
en attendant une renonciation explicite, la bibliotheque resta dans la maison du defunt, sous la
garde des executeurs testamentaires. II etait cependant a peine inhume, que le chapitre, le 14
juillet 1539, commen^a a faire des demarches pour enlrer en possession. . .

La bibliotheque fut instaliee dans I'aile mauresque de la cathedrale qui s'eiend depuis la
Giralda jusqu'a la muraille crenelee du nord, et dont le cloitre est appele la galerie de la cour
des orangers : GaUi-ia dd patio de los naranjos. L'etage superieur etait divise en deux longues
galeries paralleles, separees par un mur epais et ne communiquant pas entre elles. . .

Quant aux livres el aux manuscrits, loin d'etre mis a la portee du public, selon les intentions
expresses de leur genereux donaleur, ils furenl absolument sequestres. Argote de Molina, vers
1592, disait avec amertume : ' La bibliotheque de Fernand Colomb est sous clef, et bien que
formee pour I'etude et le travail, elle ne sen absolument a rien, ni a personne.'

Jusqu'a cette epoque, on ne I'avait ouverte que pour en faire sortir, le 21 septembre 1577, par
I'ordre de Philippe II, les pretendus manuscrits originaux d'Isidore de Seville. Par la meme
occasion, les mandataires de Sa Majeste Catholique enleverent un grand nombre de livres et de
manuscrits precieux, qu'on ne revit plus el qui doivent se trouver a I'Escurial.

Le chapitre continua a toucher les revenus affecies a I'enlrelien de la bibliotheque, mais sans
lenir compte des obligations formelles qu'il avail souscrites en acceptant le legs de Fernand
Colomb. Le temps ne fit qu'aggraver ce mepris de la parole donnee. Au siecle suivant, le
plafond de la salle craquait de toutes parts, les murs suintaient I'humidite et les livres pourris-

39

Spanish Edition, 1498 (Ferdinand Columbus Copy) : continued.

saient sur leurs rayons. Apres cinquante annees d'incurie, ies chanoines finirent par s'eraouvoir
de ce honteux delabrement. En 16S3, ils donnerent des ordes pour refaire la toiture et badi-
geonner la ma^onnerie. A cette occasion de nouvelles portes furent perches et Ton construisit
I'escaUer qui conduit maintenant a la salle de lecture. Malheureusement ces reparations se firent
trop tard. La collection de livres, en partie detruite, n'i5tait plus que I'ombre d'elle-meme.
L'inventaire dress4 par Juan de Loaisa, le 11 avril 1684, porte que 'sur plus de vingt mille
volumes legues par Fernand Colomb. c'est a peine si il en restait de quatre a cinq mille.' . .

Le zili bibliothScaire etant venu a mourir, de I'^pid^mie qui ravagea Seville en 1709, la
Colombine fut de nouveau abandonnSe. Pendant cinquante ans ni Ies archexeques ni Ies cha-
nonies ne sembl^rent se douter que dans I'enceinte de la cath^drale il se trouvait une biblio-
thSque, et que le chapitre avait rei;u une fortune pour la conserver et I'accroitre. Personne ne
chercha a sauvegarder ce qui restait de cette collection. Que dire? La garde en tomba aux
mains des subalternes de la sacristie et de la domesticity. Les enfants du quartier venaient
m^me jouer dans la salle d^serte, et feuilletaient k loisir Ies recueils de miniatures et d'estampes.
Enfin, 'I'abandon fut tel, qu'on voyait pourrir sous la gouttiere les plus pr^cieux manuscrits,'
dit un tSmoin oculaire de cette honteuse incurie. . . "

It was probably some time in the early part of the i8th Century that the present volume was
separated from its fellows, but not before unmistakable traces of the neglect suffered by the
Library were impressed upon its pages ; these defects, however, have been skilfully remedied in
rebinding the volume, thus happily preserving to the present time one of the most interesting
books of the entire Library, which has been characterised as " perhaps the finest in Europe " at
that period.

The damage, fortunately, is mainly confined to the first and the last few lea\es of the book,
and though portions of the text are missing, the natural " enemies of books " have spared (but
not intact) the interesting title-page on the recto of the frontispiece as well as most of the Views :
that of Venice being the only one entirely lacking : that of Jerusalem consists of rather less than
one section : that of Rome is mounted on linen but is entire.

For full description and collation see above pp. 33-38.

40

PRINCIPAL WORKS CONSULTED.

[others are mhntioned elsewhere] .

Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, III (1876), p. 285.

Baring-Gould (S.) Lives of the Saints. 16 vols. London, 1897-8.

Biographie Universelie, V (1843).

Brunei (J. C.) Manuel du Libraire (& Supp.) 8 vols. Paris, 1860-80.

Brunet (P. G.) La France Litteraire. Paris, 1865.

Burger (K.) Monumenta Germaniae et Italiae Typographica. Berlin, 1892, &c.

Chevalier (U.) Repertoire des Sources Historiques du Moyen Age. Bio-Biblio-

graphie, Paris, 1877-86; Topo-Bibliographie, Montbeliard, 1894-9.
Claudin (A.) Histoire de I'lmprimerie en France. Vols. I-IIL Paris, 1900, &c.
Copinger (W. A.) Supplement to Hain's Repertorium. 3 vols. London, 1895-1902.
Dibdin (T. F.) Bibliotheca Spenceriana. 7 vols. London, 1814-23.
Fabri (Felix) Evagatorium in Terrae Sanctae, Arabiae et Egypti Peregrinationes,

ed. C. D. Hassler. 3 vols. Stuttgart, 1843. (Litterarischen N'erein in Stuttgart).
■ The Panderings of, translated by Aubrey Stewart, 2 vols., 1892. (Palestine

Pilgrims' Text Society, VII-X).
Gallardo (B. J.) Ensayo de una Biblioteca Espafiola. 4 vols. Madrid, 1863-89.
Georgievicz (Barth.) Specchio della Peregrinatione. Roma, 1554.
Gudenus (\'. F. de) Codex Diplomaticus, &c. 5 vols. Gottingen, &c., 1743-68.
Haebler (K.) Bibliografia Iberica del siglo XV. The Hague & Leipzig, 1903.
Early Printers of Spain and Portugal. London, 1897. (Bibliographical

Society Monographs IV).
Hain (L.) Repertorium bibliographicum. 4 vols. Stuttgart, 1826-38.
Harrisse (H.) Bibliotheca Americana Vetustissima. 2 vols. New York & Paris,

1866-72.

Excerpta Colombiniana. Paris, 1887.

Joannis (G. C.) Rerum Moguntiacarum. 3 vols. . . 1722-7.

John Rylands Library, Manchester, Catalogue of Books and MSS., 3 vols., 1899.

Larrivaz (F.) Les Saintes Peregrinations de Bernard de Breydenbach, extraits

relatifs a I'Egypte suivant I'edition de 1490. Cairo, 1904. (Paris, 1905).
Quelques notes sur les alphabets orientaux qui se trouvent dans I'ouvrage

Sanctarum Peregrinationum de B. de B. de 1490 (in Bulletin Inst. Egyptian,

Alexandria, Ser. I\'. 5 (1905) pp. 67-76).

41

Moser ( ). Beschreibung der drei ersten Ausgabe und der spanischen Uebersetzung:

in Serapeum, III (Leipzig, 1842), pp. 56-64; IV (1843), p. 270.
Murray (C. Fairfax), Catalogue of a Collection of Early French Books in the

Library of. London, igio.
Muther (R.) Die Deutsche Bucherillustration, 1460-1530. Munich & Leipzig, 1884.
Nouv. Biographie Generale, VII (1855), pp. 363-4.

Panzer (G. VV.) Annalen der altern deutschen Litteratur. 2 vols. Niirnb. 1788-1803.
Pellechet (M.) Catalogue general des Incunables des Bibliotheques Publiques de

France. Vols. I-III. Paris, 1897, &c.
[Pollard (A. W.)J Catalogue of Books printed in the XVth Century, now in the

British Museum, Pt. I. 1908.
Proctor (R. G. C.) Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum.

London, 1898.

Part II. 1501-20, Sect. I, Germany. London, 1903.

Reichling (D.) Appendices ad Hainii-Copingeri Repertorium . . Munich, 1905-11.
Robinson (E.) Biblical Researches in Palestine, 1867, 3 vols. Chronological list of

works on Palestine, &c., in vol. II, p. 533.
Rohricht (R.) & H. Meisner. Deutsche Pilgerreisen. Berlin, 1880.
Rohricht (R.) Deutsche Pilgerreisen nach dem Heiligen Lande. Gotha, i88g.

Bibliotheca Geographica Palaestinae. Berlin, 1890.

Die Palastinakarte Bernhard von Breitenbach's: in Zeitschrift des Deutschen

Palaestina-Vereins. XXIV (1901), 129-135.

Ruxner (Georg) Anfang, Ursprung und Herkomen des Thurniers in Teutscher

Nation, (Thurnierbuch). Simmern, H. Rodler, 1532.
Schaab (C. A.) Die Geschichte der Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst. Mainz, 1830.

2 vols., vol. I. p. 529 sq.
Solms-Laubach (Rud. zu) Geschichte des Grafen und Fursten hauses Solms. . . 1865.
Thierry-Poux (O.) Premiers monuments de I'lmprimerie en France au XV siecle.

Paris, 1890.
Thomsen (Peter) Die Palastina Literatur. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1908.11.
Tobler (T.) Bibliographia Geographica Palaestinae. Leipzig, 1S67.
Voullieme (E.) Die Inkunabeln der K. Bibliothek und der anderen Berliner Samra-

lungen, (Centralblatt fur Bibliothekswesen, Beiheft 30, Leipzig, 1906).
Voyage de la S. Cyte de Hierusalem 1480, publie par Ch. Schefer. Paris, 1882.

(Recueil de Voyages, &c. pour servir a I'Histoire de la Geographie, II).
Waltheri (Fr. Pauli) Itinerarium in Terram Sanctam, &c., ed. by M. Sollweck.

Tubingen, 1892. (Litterarischen Verein in Stuttgart).
Weill (R.) La Presqu'ile du Sinai. Paris, 1908.
The Woolley Photographs of XV Century types, &c., 1899-1905.

42

OTHER PILGRIMAGES REFERRED TO.

1422. Lannoy (Sir Gilbert de) A Survey of Egypt and Syria, translated from a

MS. in the Bodleian Library . . with notes . . by Rev. John Webb :

(in Archaeologia, XXI. pp. 281-444: with view of Jaffa, p. 408, from

Breydenbach).
1458.62. Wey (William) Itineraries, from a MS. in the Bodleian. (Roxburghe

Club, 1857).
1470. Brunner (Ulrich) Die Jerusalemfahrt des Kanonikus Ulrich Brunner : by

R. Rohricht in Zeitschr. Deutsch. Pal. Ver., XXIX (1906).
1480. Voyage de la S. Cyte de Hierusalem. Paris, J. St.-Denys, n. d. (c. 1530), and

see above.
1480.3. Fabri : see above.
1481-4. Walther: see above.
1490. Cuchermoys (J. de) Le Sainct V'oyage de Hierusalem (with Guerin Mesquin).

Lyons, O. ArnouUet, 1530.
1500 (ante). Viazo da Venesia al Sancto Iherusalem. Bologna, Just, de Rubiera,

1500. [Brit. Mus., IB. 29209] .
1522. Bartholomaeus de Saligniaco. Itinerarii Terrae Sanctae. Lyons, G. de

Villiers, 1525.
1542. Meggen (Jod. a) Peregrinatio Hierosolymitana. Dilingae, Jo. Mayer, 1580.
1565. Fuerer (Chr.) Itinerarium xEgypti, Arabiae, Palaestinae, &c. Nvirnb. 1621.
1582? Giraudet (Gabr.) Voiage d'Outre Mer au S. Sepulchre. Toulouse, 1583.
1586. Zuallardo (Giov.) Viaggio di Gerusalemme. Roma, 1587.
1604. Beauvau (Henri de) Voyage du Levant. Nancy, 1619.
1651. Doubdan (J.) Le Voyage de la Terre-Sainte. Paris, 166 1.

43

LIST OF REPRODUCTIONS.

All the Size of the Originals unless otherwise expressed.

1 Frontispiece

2 Title-pages

3 Title-pages

4 Dedications

5 Dedication
6

7 Venice ...

from Latin ed

,, (a) German

„ (b)

,, (a) French
(b) Spanish

portion from (a) Latin

„ „ (h) Flemish

from French

portion, reduced, from Latin

9 ..

10 „

11 ,,

12 Parenzo
13

14 Corfu

15

16 Modon (shewing Ship) c(. pi. 60

17 -

portion from

French
Latin

19

23

24

Candia ...

Rhodes (shewing Pilgrims' Galley) d. pi. 60

French

Mainz

Augsburg

[Speier,c.

[Lyons]

Zaragoza

Mainz

Mainz

Lyons

[Lyons]

Mainz

Speier

Lyons

Mainz

Speier

Mainz

Speier

Mainz

Speier

Mainz

Mainz

Speier

Mainz

Speier

Mainz

Mainz

Speier

Lyons

14S6
1488

1505]
14S9
1498
i486
1488
1488
1489
14S6
1502
1488
i486
1502
i486
1502
i486
1502
i486
i486
1502
i486
1502
i486
i486
1502
148S

NCMB.

OF Ed.
1

V

VI

XI

XI]

v:

VI]

II

VI 1

1]

VII

45

25
26

27
28

29

30
31
32

33
34

35

36

37
38

39
40

41

44

Jerusalem

portion from Latin ed.

(continuation)

Numb.
OF Ed.

Mainz i486 I

Mainz i486 I

Speier 1502 III

[Jerusalem] , Mount Sinai,

Cairo & Alexandria, right hand portion from
Jerusalem, with mark of Oronce Fine from

Church of Holy Sepulchre

Saracens
Jews ...
Greeks ...

(copy)
Syrians (original)

(copy) .
Abyssinians
Turks ...

(copy) .
Arabic alphabet .
Hebrew
Greek .. (original)

(copy)
Syriac
Coptic
Ethiopic
Armenian
Animals

Holy Sepulchre ...
Arms of Henneberg
Colophon
Initials A & I
Device of M. Topie & J. Heremberg
Colophon

Mainz

i486

I

French ,,

Paris

1522

X

Latin

Mainz

i486

I

German ,,

[Speier, c

1505]

III

French ,.

Lyons

1488

VIII

German „

Augsburg

1488

\'

Latin

Mainz

i486

I

.>

Mainz

i486

I

,,

Mainz

i486

I

German ,,

Augsburg

1488

\-

French ,

Lyons

1489

XI

Ljons

1488

VIII

Latin

Mainz

i486

I

,.

Mainz

i486

I

French ,

L)-ons

1488

VIII

Latin

Mainz

i486

I

„

Mainz

i486

I

French

Lyons

1489

XI

.,

Lyons

1488

VIII

..

Mainz

i486

I

Latin ,

Mainz

i486

I

>

Mainz

i486

I

Spanish ,

Zaragoza

1498

XII

Latin

Mainz

i486

I

»

Mainz

i486

I

.,

Mainz

i486

I

French

Lyons

1489

XI

,.

Lyons

1488

VIII

„

Lyons

1488

VIII

>> >

Lyons

1488

VIII

46-

45

46

47
48

49
50
51
52
53
54

55

56
57
58

59

6o

Numb.
OF Ed.

French ed.

Paris

1522

X

Spanish „

Zarag02a

1498

XII

„

Zaragoza

1498

XII

,.

Zaragoza

1498

XII

Nuremberg

Chronicle

1493

Spanish ed.

Zaragoza

1498

XII

,.

Zaragoza

1498

XII

French ,,

Paris

1522

X

» )>

Paris

1522

X

„

Paris

1522

X

French ed.

Paris

1522

X

Device of F. Regnault ... ... from

,, P. Hurus
Rome ... ... ... reduced, from

portion from

Crucifixion ... ... ... from

Four cuts ilhistrating the Life of Christ
Crusaders before the Pope reduced, from

,, at Damietta ... ,, ,,

Charles Martel and two other cuts from

Capture of S. Louis and three

other scenes relating to the Crusades „
Venice : (a) from Rolewinck, Fasciculus Temporuni, Venice, J. Walch, 1479

(6) from the same work, Venice, E. Ratdolt, 1480

(c) from Natalibus, Catal. Sanctovum, Venice, Giunta, 1506
Venice : (a) from Bergomensis (J. P.), Suppl. Chronicarum, Venice, i486. Compare pi. 7-11

(h) from Erizzo (S.), Sopra le Medaglie, Venice, 1568
Rome : {a) from Bergomensis, i486. Compare pi. 46-48

(6) from Notitia digititatum imperii Romani, Basil., Froben, 1552
(a) Map of Rhodes, shewing "Filerno": from Bordone, Isolario, Venice, N. Zoppino, 1534
(6) Seal of indulgences granted to pilgrims visiting S. Maria Philermo : from Voyage de

Hierusalein, Paris, J. Saint-Denys, c. 1530
{a) Alexandria: from Belon (P.), Observations . . . en Grcce, Asie, . . . Egypte, &c., Paris,

B. Prevost for G. Cavellat, 1554. Compare pi. 28
(6) Church of Holy Sepulchre: from Zuallardo, Viaggio di Gerusalemme, Rome, 1587.

Compare pi. 30-33
Ships : both from the Letter of Columbus concerning his first Voyage : in Car. Verardus.

Bethicae obsidio, &c. Basil., J. Bergmann, 1494. Compare pi. 16 & 21

Note. — Plate i faces the present title-page as frontispiece.

Plate sW is made up from the British Museum copy, so far as it can be traced.
Plate 49 is perfect in the original here described : the inner margin omitted on account
of curvature of back.

47

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LA MER MEDlTERRANEE.

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60

Bejnfulionuperm
marijiidicorcpmie

Bccmica

-^^^^m
^

I N D EX.

" B. V. B." = Breydenbach (the Dean, or his Book).

"pi." = plate (present reproductions).

The following names are grouped together :— OWNERS, PRINTERS, SAINTS.

Aachen

Abul Cassem, see Hali

Abyssinians in Holy Land

see Ethiopic

Adaptations of B. v. B.'s work
Adelphus, Adelff (J.) transl. of Caoursi

cited

Barbarossa, cited . .

Africa (Tunis)
Agatillo, historian

Aheim (Lucas & Mathes von) pilgrims

Aix-la-Chapelle. see Aachen

Albohazen, see Hali

Albonesi, see Arabrosius

Aldrovandus, cuts copied by

Aleppo

Alexandria, arrival at . .

Catalan fonteccho

consuls at . .

Coptic church

Pompey's column

prison of S. Katherine

view (Reuwich's) pi. 28

view in Belon 1553 (pi. 59)

w-ater unwholesome

Alfunsi (Petrus) Improbatio

.Almery, history of

.Alphabets, see Illustrations

Alphonsus (P.) see .\lfunsi

-Al-Razi, see Rasis

.\lvarez (P.) see Cabral

Ambrosius (Th.) cited ..

America, see Columbus, Labrador

.\mico (Bern.) Sacri Edifizi. referred to

Angers, soubdiacre of . .

.\nglure (Baron d') cited

.Vnimals described (pi. 42)

.Vnne of Brittany

.\nseline de la Maladerie

.\ntwerp, native of

.\phrodisium

.\rabia

Arabic alphabet, first in B

printing, first

vocabulary

Aragon, see Juan de A.
Archbishop of Mainz, see Henneberg
Areschorca, Portuguese factor, death
Aristoteles cited . .

Arms of Breydenbach, Solms, Bicken (pi

emblazoned . .

(pi.

39)

PAGE

Arms of Burgundy (?) xxiii

of European nations (pi. 51)

of Flanders (?) . . . . . . xxiii

of France substituted for the abp.'s 31

of Henneberg (pi. 4, 43) .. 3

of owner painted inside cover, c. 1520 10

of Paris (city) on binding . . 27

Armenian alphabet appears twice only

(pi. 41) eds. IV, XII

Bible, reference to . . . . xxvi

.\rmenians in Holy Land . . . . ix
.Artists, see Barbari, Carpaccio, Fine (O.),

Reuwich, Rizzo, Rusconi

Artus (Conrad) lutenist . . . . iv
.Aubusson (Pierre d') grand master of

Rhodes, described .. .. .. 21

his account of Siege of Rhodes. . x

Augsburg, only edition printed at .. ed. V

Austria, archduke . . . . . . viii

Author of the Itinerarium .. .. vi

Authorship note omitted in some eds. vii, 15

Auvergne . . . . . . . . . . 20

Azanta, see Zante . . . . . . xvii

Baboon . . . . . . . . xxvii, xxviii

Baffa xiv

Bakshish xvi

Balm of Gilead . . . . . . . . xvi

Balthasar Perusino, letter of . . . . x

Barbari (Jacopo de) . . . . . . xxii

Bari 21

Bartholomaeus de Luca, see Fiadoni

Bartholomeo da li Sonetti, cited . . xiv

Bartholomy Florentin .. .. .. 25

Baudoin, king of Jerusalem .. .. 24

Beauvais, see Vincent

Beauvau (Henr. de) cited .. .. xiv, xv

Bebenhausen . . . . . . . . iv

Beck (Conrad) pilgrim . . . . . . iv

Becket, see Saints

Beger (Jacobus) pilgrim . . . . iv

Belgrade, defence of . . . . . . 24

Belon du Mans, Observations, cited . . xxv

Benedictine historian . . . . . . ix

Bergis (Henr. de) bp. of Cambray .. 20
Bergoraensis (J. P.) Suppl. Chron., cited x.xii

Berry, gentleman of . . . . . . 20

Bertholdus, see Henneberg

Bethany visited xv ,

Bethlehem .. .. .. .. xv, xvi

church xiv

Bianchi (Noe) v

PAGE

Bicken (Conrad von) . . . . . . in

Bicken (Philip von) pilgrim . . . . iii

supposed author . . . . . . xx

Bindings : —

Arms of city of Paris .. .. 27

Chambolle-Duru ,. .. .. 7

Derome, style of . . . . - • 5

Lortic . . . . . . . . • • 33

C. Smith , 26

German stamped . . . . ■ • 9. 14

A.G.. stampcutter's initials . . . . 9

Boethius, cited . . . . . . . - 3*i

Boldu (Bernard) master of galley . . xi
Bordone, Isolario referred to . . xiv, xxiii

Bouchier, privilege signed .. .. 23.27

Bourges reported to be burnt, 1487 .. 21

Brandenburg (Heinrich 11 von) . . xvi

Brandenstein. pilgrim . . . . . . v

Braun & Hohenberg, Theatre des ViUes

referred to . . . . . . . . xxiii

Breidenbach-Biiresheim, family of .. 1

Breitenstein (Ulrich von) pilgrim .. iv

Breydenbach (B. von) biographical note i

Itinerarium. not the author of . . \ i

see also Editions, et passim

his monument . . . , . . ii

Reiseinstruction MS. by .. xi

Breydenbach (Gerlach von) . . . . i

Brindisi .. .. .. .. .. 21

Brittany, native of . . . . . . 21

Brocard, see Burchard

Brunner (Ulrich) pilgrimage, ref. to xii, xiv

Biichler (Balthasar) pilgrim .. .. iv

Bulach {Caspar von) see Zorn

Bulach (Marcus von) pilgrim .. .. iv

Buondelmonti .. .. .. .. xiv

Burchard of Barby, his description of

Holy Land . . . . . . . . i^

Burgmair (Hans) Weiss Kunig, cited li
Burgundy (dukes of) see Charles the Bold,

Maximilian, Philippe

Burial at sea . . . . . . . . xvii

Butsch, cited .. .. .. .. xxi

Cabral (Pedro Alvarez) navigator .. 24

Cairo, incubators , . . . . . x\i

mosque at . . . . . . . . xvi

slave market . . . . . . xvi

sultan . , . . . . . . xvi

view of (pi. 28) .. .. .. xxiv

Calicut, India, voyages to .. .. 24-25

Calinus . . . . . . . . . . xv

Cambray (bp. of) see Bergis (H. de)

Candia .. .. .. .. .. xiii

Minorite convent . . . . , . xxiii

view of (pi. ig-20) . . . , xxiii

Canons of Mainz, see Breydenbach (B. v.)

Solms the elder

mitre of . . . . . . . . ii

mode of living . . . . . . ii

Caoursin (Guill.) author of De Rodis urbis

obsidione, in B. v. B. . . . . x

first translations into French, Flemish

and Spanish in B. V. B. .. .. x

cut from B. v. B. copied in Ulm ed. 13

reference to .. .. .. \i, xxix

Caranganor, India .. .. .. 24-25

Carmelite author, see Le Huen

Carpaccio (Vittore) adapted a cut of

Reuwich's . . . . . . . . xxix

view of Venice . . . . . . xxii

Catherine (S.) see Katherine

Caxton . . . . . . . . . . X

PAGE

Cephalonia. capture of .. .. xvii

Cerigo, Venetian governor of . . .. 21
Chalcis. see Negroponte

Charlemagne, history of (eds. IX, X) 24

Charles the Bald, king of France .. x

Charles Martel, history of (eds. IX, X) 24

Charles VIII of France .. .. ix. 20
Charles V, aided formation of Biblioth.

Colombina . . . . . . . . 39

Charles duke of Burgundy, mentioned

in all editions except French .. viii

reference to . . . . . . \v

Charlotte, queen of Louis XI .. .. vi

confessor of . . . . . . ig

Chartres .. .. .. ., .. 20

Chastellain (GuiU.) 20

Chauveau (Gilbert) .. .. .. 28

Chemin de Romme. see Itinerary

Chevaliers du Blanc (royalists) .. 21

Christ, picture of, at Rome .. .. 37

Christmas Eve, mode of passing .. xvii
Churches, see names of cities, &c.

Coel, king of Englsmd .. .. .. 37

Cola (Joh.) ? author of Viaggio da Venetia v

Colbert, mentioned . . . . . . 4

Collation of B. v. B., method of .. xx\

Colletet xxvi

Colon (Hernando) see Columbus (Ferd.)
Colophon omitted in ed. VI .. .. xxx. 15

omitted but date given .. .. ed. XI

Columbus (Christopher) Letter, cuts

copied from Reuwich (pi. 60) . . xxix
Columbus (Ferdinand) owner of Spanish ed. 38

note on his Library . . . . 38

and his father's Epistola . . xxix

Columbus (Luis) grandson of Christopher 39

Constantine, history of . . .. .. 37

relics of .. .. .■ .. xii

Constantinople, relics from . . . . xii

siege of . . . . . • . . x

French account (different

from Le Huen's) 24

Consul of Alexandria .. .. .. xvii

of Siout. letters 25

Contarini (Andreas) master of galley xi

(.Agostino) master of galley . . xi, 20

(Sebastian) master of galley . . xvii

Contents of B. V. B.'s book .. .. ix

Contract with governor of Jerusalem xvi

with master of galley . . . . xi

Copies of woodcuts, see Illustrations

Coppin (baboon) . . . . . . x\i

Coptic alphabet in B. v. B., PBoheiric

dialect (pi. 41) xxvi

sect . . . . - . . • • ■ ix

type, early use . . . . . . xxsi

Corandon (Marguerite de) . . . . 20

Corbie, privilege signed .. .. 23,28

Corfu xiii, xvii

view of (pi. 14, 15) .. .. xxiii

Correa(?) Portuguese factor .. .. 25

Cortereal (Gaspar) voyage to Labrador 25

Corvinus (John) .. .. .. .. 24

Cosmographe (le) Chronicle .. .. 24

Cost, see Prices

Costume, oriental, (pi. 34-3^) ■• •• "xv
Cotrad (G.) see Cortereal

Critico (Dom.) letter 25

Cross-hatching, see Illustrations

Crusades, history of (eds IX, X) . . 24

Cuchermois (Henri de) . . . . 20

(Jacques de) . . . . . . 20

Cuchermois (Jean de) .. .. .. xiii. ;

Cyprus . . . . . . . . , . xii, :

Damascus, view of . . . . . . xxi

Dampies, see Martin

Danhusen, see Aubusson

Dante, cited . . . . . . . . xi

Darmstadt archives

Dates, mistakes in reading . . . . ?

of translation, see Translation

Deans of Mainz, see Breydenbacli, Henneberg
Dedication, note on . . . . . . vi

omitted from one edition . . ix, i

Deguileville (G. de) his book mistaken

for Breydenbach's . . . . . . x;

Demagoras . . . . , . . . :

Description, method of .. .. xx

Dibdin, Typographical Antiquities, cited x, >

Dictionary, see Vocabulary

Dion Calcidense, cited ..

Dodgson (Campbell) cited

Dolphin, mark of (Oronce Fine)

Dominican author

Doubdan |J.) Voyage, cited

Drawings, see Illustrations

Ducats newly minted . .

Duff (Gordon) cited

Dupuis (Mary) ref. to . .

Du Redouer (Mathurin) translator

Diirer (Alb.) mentioned

Du Verdier (A.) cited . ,

Eberhard, duke of Wurtemberg

Eckhardt, pilgrim

Eclipse of moon . .

Editions of B. v. B., additions made

alterations made . .

supposititious

Eewichsz. see Keuwich
EglofFstein, pilgrim
Egripo, see Negroponte
Egypt

Election of Maximilian I
Elector of Mainz, see Henneberg
Elphahallo, interpreter
Emblems, see Saints, attributes
Encharmois, see Cuchermois
Epstein (N. von) pilgrim
Erasmus (?) drawing of . .
Essling, Livres a fig. V^nit
Ethiopic alphabet (pi. 41)

type, first book . . . . . . >

Eubcea

Eutropius, cited . .

Faber, see Fabri

Fabri (Felix) in company with Breydenbach

his works . .

quoted and otherwise referred to vi

xi, xiv, XV, xvi, xvii, xviii, xxi,

name omitted by Le Huen

Famagosta

Favine, Theatre of Honour, cited

Fegie (madame de)

Ferrara (duke of)

Fiadoni (Barth.) his history, cited

Filerno, see Philermo

Filinofif, see Philermo

Fine (Oronce) ballade by

?editor (eds. IX. X)

Florence . .

Foucques d'Anjou, history of . .
Fracanzano, see Montalboddo
France, history of

Francesco (Giov.) Ven. governor of Cerigo

ef.to

Franciscan monastery , .
Franciscans in Jerusalem
Francois I, accession of
Frankfort, election of Maximilian I

coinage

native of

Frere (Barth.) in F<.G.S. journal
Fuerer (C.) Ilinerarium, quoted and

ref. to . . . . . . iii, x

Galley (pilgrims') masters of, see
Contarini, Landawe, Boldu

view of (pi. 21, 25, 60)

Gazera, Gaza

Gazopolis, islands

Geneva, bishop of

Genoa

Georg the Rich, duke of Bavaria

Georgians in Holy Land

Georgievicz. cited

Gesellschaft im Steinbock

Gesner, cuts copied in ..

Gibbon's Roman Empire, cited

Gilles, soubdiacre of Angers, death

Gilles (Pierre) cited

Gippe or Gipte, near Modon . .

Gipsies, note on . .

Giseburn (prior of) pilgrimage

Godefroy de Bouillon, arms painted ,

crusade of . .

tomb destroyed

Granada, conquest of . .

Greek alphabet in B. v. B, (pi. 40)

printing, first

Greeks in Jerusalem

Gudenus, cited . .

Giigiingen

Guildford (Sir Richard) adapted

B. V. B.'s work
Gumppenberg (Georg von) accompanied

B. V. B.

his account of the Pilgrimage

Haimendorf. see Fuerer
Hali, physician ..
Hanau-Lichtenberg (graf von)
Haslang (Hans von) pilgrim . .
Hebrew alphabet in B. v. B. (pi. 39).

printing, first book

see also Jews

Hebron and other places on the way

to Sinai
Heidelberg University, rector of

registers, cited

Helinandus. chronicle . .
Helrit, pilgrim ..

Helye, chrestien de la ceinture
Henneberg arms, quarterings . .
Henneberg (Berthold von) abp. of Mainz,
biographical note

dedication to

missals printed for

Henneberg-Romhild (Georg, graf von)
Hentgi (John) pdgrim ..

Herbarius zu Teutsch, 1485. preface, quoted

Hersin (Jean de) translator of ed. XI. .

Hohenecke

Hohenrechberg (Bar von) pilgrim

Holy Land, view of, see Jerusalem

Hortus Sanitatis. see Herbarius

Hugues, chronicle

of Fleury . .

Huniades, see Corvinus

Huss (Math.) of Lyons, see Printers

PAGE

Illustrations : —

Alphabets described . . . . . . xxv

omitted . . . . . . . . ed. V

Alphabet. Armenian, mentioned in 1st

edition but not printed . . . . 3

Armenian appears twice only xxv

Armenian never copied .. 16

Ethiopia, appears twice (ed. VI) 16

Animals cut, described . . . . xxvi

omitted (eds. IX, X) . . . . 25

Bathing places represented . . . . 36

Blank spaces, ? left for cuts .. .. 11
Blocks (original Mainz) migration of xxvii, ^S

Borders added to cuts . . . . 22, 35

Colouring of. in Lierman edition .. n
Copies and adaptations of cuts described xxvii

in Nuremberg Chronicle . . xxviii

from Passion (Delbecq-Schreiber) 35

reversed (ed. V) . . . . xx\iii

see also Printers

Costume cuts omitted (eds. IX, X) . . 25

Saracens, omitted in 1502 . . 8

Cross-hatching, early examples . . xxi

first used in B. v. B. . . .. xxi

in Spanish cut .. .. .. 36

Crucifixion. Spanish cut . . . . 36

Crusaders, cuts of . . . . . . 29

Description of cuts . . . . . . .\xi

Devil with cloven hoof, represented 36

Drawing of Erasmus (?) . . . . 22

Holy Sepulchre ., .. 11

First copper-plates .. .. ..xxvii, 21

cross-hatching . . . . . . xxi

panoramic views printed . . xxi

Frontispiece of i486 inserted in 1502 ed. 7

adapted in Nuremberg Chronicle xxii

never copied . . , . . . xxvii

Inscription below cut of Church . . 3

Inscriptions on views copied or transltd. xxvii

on views, xylographic . . . , xxiv

Lepers represented . . . . . . 36

Praise of cuts, by Martin de Ampies 34

by Fabri xxv

by Brunei xxv

by Weill . . . . . . . . xxiv

Sepulchre cut. lost before 1490 .. xxvii

drawing of . . . . . . 11

omitted eds. II, V, XII

Spaces for cuts . . . . . , 3

Spanish cuts classified (ed. XII) . . 36

Style, Lubeck bible similar . . . . xxi
Transference, Lvons cuts used at

Paris (eds. IX,' X) 25

Zaragoza (ed. XII) . . 35

see also Printers

View of Bethlehem, probably intended 4

of Jerusalem, altered .. eds. IX, X

with letterpress on back 18

place in vol. uncertain .. xxx

of Rome added to Spanish ed. (XII)

compared . . . . . . 35

see also Views, hi/rti

Views : on copper . . . , , . 21

differences between originals

and copies . . . . . . . . xxiii

folio numbers inserted . . 35

list and measurements, original

cuts (ed. I) 3

1502 ed. . . . . . . 8

no text on backs (eds. VIII, XII)

not copied by Sorg & Regnault xxvii

omitted ed. V

eds. I-III
.. ed. XI
eds. IV, V, VII

38

Illustrations — contd.

Views, with uncut edges .. .. 15

Woodcutter unknown (? Reuwich) . , xxi

Woodcutters (German) in Spain . . 35

Illustrations, see also Arms
Imperial Chamber . . . . . . ii

Incubators . . . . . . . , xvi

Indulgences, merits of . . . . . . xxiv

places in Rome where granted . . 25, 37

Initials in text, blank spaces for

eds. II, III, VI, VII

supplied by hand . . eds. I, IV

woodcut eds. V. VIII, IX. X, XII

woodcut R . .

A in place of I^

H in place of R

O.F., see Fine (Oronce]

of owners, see Owners

of stampcutter on binding, A.G.

Inkrut, see Maior
Innocent VIII, pope
Interest table

omitted in Spanish edition

Isidorus, historian

Isidorus II. patriarch of Constantinople

Isis. idol of, see Sphinx

Islands between Venice and Rhodes . .

Ismael, Shah of Persia, history of

Italian words in B. v. B. : —

Papafigo . . . . . . . . xvii

Zecca . . . . . . . . . . xii

Italy described . . . . . . . . 37

Italy, see Venice, Padua, and other

names of places
Itinerary, Lyon to Venice .. .. 25

Paris to Rome . . . , . , 25

Jacobites, see Copts

Jaeck (H. J.) Taschenbibliothek .. xviii
Jaffa, arrival at . . . . . . . . xiv

view of (pi. 25) . , . . . . xxiv

Jaques (frere) commandeur of Rhodes 21

Jean de Liege . . . . . . . . xi, 20

Jeffeiy (G.) history of H.S. church, ref. to xxv
Jerusalem, arrival at .. .. .. xv

church, guardians of .. .. xiv

view (pi. 26, 30-33, 59)

view, mentioned by Fabri xxv

visited .. .. .. xv

convents . . . . . . . . xiv

Golden Gate .. .. .. xv

governor of . . . . . . xvi

Mosque of Omar . . . . . . xv

view (pi. 26)

Sepulchre (Holy) pi. 43 . . . . x.xvi

view of city, described (pi. 25-29) xxiv

Jews in Holy Land .. .. .. ix

see also Hebrew

Joan (Pope) account of, omitted .. 37

Johann of Bebenhausen, pilgrim

John of Prussia, guardian of monastery

Johan (Fra) pilgrim, quoted ..

Joppa, see Jaffa

Jordan w-ater as relics . . . . . > xvii

Joseph the Indian .. .. .. 24

Josephus, cited .. .. .. .. 38

Juan de Aragon, ded. to - . . . 34

Kait-bey, sultan xvi

Katherine's (S.) shrine, see Sinai

Kathubee, see Kait-bey

Kings (French) histories of .. .. 24

Knights of the Holy Sepulchre .. xy

present at Tournaments .. .. iii, vi

24

Knuss (John) interpreter

Koran (the)

Kramer (Ulrich) interpreter

Kurt, see Maior

Labrador, voyage to . . . . . . 25

La Frote (de) voyage . . . . . . 25

La Maladerie, see Ansehne

La Mouniere (Monsr. de)

Landawe (Peter) master of galley

Languedoc, lepers of . . . . . . 24

Laureanus (doge L.) .. .. .. 24

Lazinus (Joh.) accompanied B. v. B. iv, .wii

? author of a tract on the Turks vi

Le Huen(Nic.) translator (eds.VIII-X) vi, nx. ig

additional note by . . . . xiv

Le Maire (J.) des Beiges, translator .. 24

Leo X, pope, letters to . . . . . . 25

Lepers represented . . , . , . 36

of Languedoc . . . . . . 24

Le Reclus jjoffroy) prior .. .. 20

Letters on Portuguese discoveries - . 25

License from Rome to travel . . . . .w

Li^ge, native of . . . . . . . . 20

Limlea . . . - . . . . . . xvii

Lippmann, Wood Engraving, cited . . xxiii

Lisbon . . . . . . . . . . 25

Lisieux, native of . . . , . . 20

Louis IX (saint) history of . . . , 24

Louis XII, death of .. .. .. 25

L'Ourme (Philippe de) .. .. .. xvii, 21

Lusignan (Guy de) history of .. .. 24

Luxemburg (Philip of) bp. of Le Mans vi
Lyon, editions printed at .. eds. VIII, XI

native of . . . . . , . . 20

prior of S. Augustine's monastery 30

Mahadia (Tunis) . . . . . . . . xvii

Mahomet the prophet, life of . . . . ix

Mahomet II. sieges by .. .. .. x

Mainz, archbishop of, see Henneberg

deans of, see Breydenbach, Henneberg

three editions of B. v. B., printed

at eds. I. IV, VII

female figure representing . . 3

native of . . . . . . , . 20

siege of, 1793 ii

tournament at .. .. .. iii

Mainz Catliedral. canons, luxury of . . ii

chapel of Our Lady . . . . ii

tomb of abp. , . . . . . viii

tomb of B. V. B ii

Mainz Missal, note on ,, ,. ., xxx

Maior (Nic.) pilgrim iv

Malatesta (Frederic de) see Urbino (duke of)
Malvoisie, see Wine

Mamelukes, nationality of . . . . xvi

Mamerot (Seb.) Passages d'Oultre Mer,

reprint of part of B. v. B. in . . xiv, 24

Mandeville (Sir John) .. .. ., xiv, xv

Mans (Le) bishop of . . . . . . vi

Mantua Museum, view of Rome there 35
Margaret of Austria, ded. to (eds. VIII-X) ix

Maronites in Jerusalem . . . . ix

Marschalkus, pilgrim . . . . . . iv

Marseilles, pilgrims start from, in 17th cent, xi

mentioned . . . . . . . . 21

Marssbach (Sig. von) pilgrim . . . . iv

Mart (Georg) pilgrim .. .. .. iv

Martinez (Martin) de Ampies. translated ed. XII

Martinus, historian .. ,. .. ix

Marx (Georg) pilgrim . . . . . . iv

Mastrail & Ponente. points of compass 25

Mathera, balsam garden . . . . xvi

PAGE

Maximilian I. referred to as Duke of

Burgundy viii

not referred to in French edition viii

election of . . . . . . viii

coronation .. .. .. i

daughter of .. .. .. ix

supports church of Mt. Sion .. xv

Meggen (Jod. a) cited xiv, xv

Memmingen . . . . . . iv

Mernawe (Ferd. von) pilgrim . . . . iii

Mintzenberg. see Solms

Mirabdia Romae. ist Spanish edition 37

French adaptations . . eds. IX, X

Missale Moguntinense, see Mainz Missal

Missale Romanum, 1511, copy of cut in xxviii

Mittelhuser (Caspar & Joh.) pilgrims iv

Modon xiii, xvii

view of (pi. 16-18) .. .. xxiii

Mondevis. see Mondovi

Mondesi. Piedmont : the Lyon printer

Topieanati\e .. .. .. 22

Montalboddo Fracanzano, Paesi Nuova-

mente Ritrovati, French translation 24-25

cited . . . . . . . . xxiii

Montes gaudii(?), watermark .. .. xxx
Montjoye. see Chauveau (G.)

Moors, expulsion of . . . . . . 38

Saracens called . . . . . . 34

Morspach (Peter von) pilgrim .. iv
Mosbach. see Marssbach

Mount Sinai, see Sinai

Mount Sion, Burchard there .. .. ix

church . . . . , . . . XV

monastery . . . . . . . . viii

guardians of .. .. xiv, 21

monks of . . . . . . . . xiv

Miinchau (Gilg von) pilgrim ., ., v
Munster (S.) Cosmographia. ref. to xxiii, xxviii

Murano, glass works . . . . . . xii

Murray (C. Fairfax) owner of copies

described . . . . . . . . xxxi

Naples. Carmelite convent .. .. 21

Natalibus. Catal. Sanctorum, cited .. xxiii

Naydon, governor of Jerusalem . . xvi

Negroponte, capture of . . . . x

Nestorians in Holy Land . . . . ix

Nicole de Anvers . . . . , . 20

Nicosia . . . . . . , . . . xii

Niederer, pilgrim . . . . . . v

Nile, description of . . . . , . xvi

Normandy, native of . . . . . . 21

Nostre Dame de Philarme, see Philermo

Nostre Dame du Puys, Auvergne . . 20

Notdorflt (N.) pilgrim iv

Nothafft (H. von) pilgrim .. .. iv

Nova (Joao de) voyage to Calicut . . 25
Nuremberg Chronicle, see Illustrations

Nussdorf (Burchard von) pilgrim . . v

Oppenheim. itinerary to Venice .. iii, xi
Oriental characters, see Printing

costume, see Costume

Orthography, see Translation
Osioot, see Siout

Otranto, capture of . . . . . . xi

Owners :—

Anonymous, painted arms. i6th cent. 10

Alexander (Ed.) name in B.M. copy 7

Baluze (Etienne) 1630-1718 .. .. 4

Banks (Jos.) stamp in B M. copy . . 7

Barberousse (C.) 1608 .. .. 29

Bayntun (W.) name in B.M. copy . . 7

British Museum copy described . . 7, 23

3S

29

17

M

26

Owners — coiitd.

Butler (Charles)

Columbus (Ferdinand) autograph note

Crofts (Rev. Mr.)

Desforges (P.) 1581 . .

Didot (A. Firminin) . .

Essling (Prince d')

F.C., motto. "Quaero"

Farmer (Dr. R.) name in B.M. copy

Fonteny (Monsr. de) 1581 . .

Fountaine (Sir A.)

Gennadius (J.)

Ghillet (R.)

Grenville, see British Museum

H.I.V.L. a berg

Hoerten (Frans)

Inglis (C.) M.D.

Inglis(J.B.)

Leigh's auction 1789, mentioned

Le Peletus (Jul.) 1516

Meredyth (Joh.) name in B.M. copy

Murray (C. Fairfa.\)

Payne, bookseller

Rennie (George) 'sculptor: ? governor
of Falkland Islands: (1802-60) .

Simes (J. T.) . .

Sireau (Francois) Brit. Mus. copy .

Sneyd (Rev. W.)

Stukeley (W.) name in B.M. copy .

Techener

Wodhull (Rev. M.) 1740-1816
Padua, relics at . .
Papafigo, Italian name for sail
Paper of different thicknesses ...

made specially for the Itinerarium xxx

see also Watermarks

Paphon, port of Cyprus . . . . xiv

Parenzo xiii, xvii

view of (pi. I J, 13) .. .. xxiii

Paris, editions printed at . . eds. IX, X

Pasqualigo (Pietro) letter . . . . 25

Paul (father) see Walther

Paulus de Caneto . . . . . . xiv

Pepin, history of (eds. IX, X) . . . . 24

Persia, shah of, see Ismael
Perusino, see Balthasar
Peter of Waldsee, pilgrim
Pforzheim, Dominican convent
Philermo, near Rhodes, church of

S Maria
Phiiip III, history of .. ..

Philip, duke of Burgundy, devices

hospital founded by

maintenance of church

Picardy, native of
Pilgrimages, cost of

dangers and inconveniences

Pilgrims accompanying B. v. B.

Pilgrims, names corrupted

Pilgrims' books, see Mirabilia Romae

Piscopia, Cyprus

Platina, cut from

Ponente, see Mastrail

Pont Audemer, mentioned

Popes, see Rome

Portuguese discoveries . . . , . . 24-25

Postel (Guill.) cited

Potken (J.) editor

Pottmes . .

Prester John

Price of admission to church . .

of books, French ed. of B.

Price ol books, Spanish ed. of B. v. B. 38

of pilgrimage to Jerusalem .. xii

to Sinai . . . . . . xvi

of provisions . . . . . . xiv

of slaves . . . . . . . . xvi

Printers mentioned : —

Ancelin (T.) Lyon .. .. .. xix

Arndes (S.) Lubeck, bible compared xxi

Beck (R.) at Strassburg . . . . x

Bellesculee (P.) at Rennes .. .. 38

Bergmann (J.) at Basle .. .. xxix

Bonfons' Widow, cuts transferred to 29

Brandis (Luc.) Lubeck . . . . ix

Coci (G.) at Zaragoza, adapted mark

of ilurus . . . . . . .. 37

Coci & .\ppentegger, at Zaragoza . . 38
Couteau (A.) Paris, ? printed ed. X

Couteau family, Paris, cuts transl. to 29
Daygne (CI.) Lyon, his cuts from

Martial de Paris used .. .. 29
Drach (F.) at Speier, printed eds.

II, III, VI XXX

Du Pre (J.) Lyon, his cuts used .. 25

Paris, Boccaccio cut used . . 25

Eckert (H.) Antwerp, cuts copied by 35
Estienne (H.) Paris ..

Feyerabend ( ) Frankfurt . . , . xvii

Fyner (Conr.) Esslingen .. .. xxv

Giunta, Venice . . . . . . xxii

Gran (H.) Hagenau, his type used

by Drach 8

Gregorio de' Gregori, Fano . . xxvi
Gumiel (D.) Valencia, adapted mark

of Hurus . . . . , . . . 37

Hagenbach (P.) Valencia . . . . 38

Higman (N.) for Fr. Regnault, Paris ed. IX
Huber (M.) see Huss

Hurus (Hans) Zaragoza, his mark mentd. 37
Hurus (P.) Zaragoza, printed ed. XII

Hurus, Huss, ? the same name .. 38

Hus (jhan) ? Rennes .. .. .. 38

Huss (Math,) Lyon, his cuts used by

Hurus .. .. ., .. 35

type used by Hurus .. ,. 38

Hutz (Leonhard) Valencia . . . . 38
Hyrus, see Hurus

Justiniano of Rubiera, Bologna . . v

Kempin (S.) Cracow . . . . , . xix

Knoblochtzer (H.) Strassb. . . . . x
Koberger (A.) Nuremberg, view of

Rome compared . . , . . . 35

view of Venice compared . . xxii

cuts copied by . . . . . . xxviii

Leber (P.) Paris, cuts transferred to 29
Le Noir (M.) Paris, cuts copied by 25, 29

Le Rouge (P.) Paris, his cuts used. . 25
Le Roy (G.) Ortuins ed. of B. v. B.

I formerly assigned to . . . . 30
Maillet (Jacques) Ortuins ed. of B. v. B.

formerly assigned to . . . . 30
Neumeister (J.) Lyons, associated with

Topic . , . . . . . , 22
Ortuin (G.) Lyons, printed ed. XI

Paravisinus (D.) Milan .. .. xxvi
Philippi (N.) & M. Reinhard, of Lyons,

cuts used by Hurus ,. ,. 38
Pigouchet (P.) cut from Gringore copied 29
Priiss (J.) of Strassburg, type used

by Dracli S

Printer of Darmstadt Prognostication,

type of .. .. .. .. 18

Pynson (R.) London .. .. .. xx

PAGE

Printers mentioned — coiitd.

Pynson (R.) French cut used by . . 25

Ratdolt (E.) Venice x.sii

Reger (J.) Ulm x

Regnault (Fr.) publisher of ed. IX
Regnault (Fr. the younger) pub. of ed. X
Kegnault's eds. ? mistaken for V^rard's xix
Reuwich (E.) Mainz, printer of eds. I, IV, VII
Rizus (B.) Venice, view of Rome comp. 35

St. Denys (J.) Paris xiv

Saur (J. j Frankfurt xviii

Schirlentz (Nic.) VVittemberg . . .\i.\
Schoffer (Peter) perhaps the printer

of some L'ditions of B. \'. B. . . 4

his Herbarius 1485 . . . . ii

type, similarity of Drach's .. ed. VI

?type borrowed by Reuwich . . xx.-;

Silber (M.) Rome xxvi

Sorg (A.) Aut;sburg, printed ed. V

Stagnino (B.) Venice . . . . .wviii

Topie (M.) &J. Heremberg, Lyons,

printed ed. VIII

V^rard (A.) Paris, ?edn. of B. v. B. xix

his cuts used . . . . . . 25

Vidoue (P.) Paris, cuts copied by . . 35

Villiers (G. de) Lyons, cut used . . 25
Vostre, see Pigouchet

Walch (G.) Venice xxii

Wynkyn de Worde, London . . xx

Printing, details of eds. of B. v. B. . . xxix

first books in Oriental characters xxv sq.

short pages in 1st ed. of B. v. B. 4

Spanish presswork, excellent .. xxvii

see also Types, Watermarks, Paper

Proctor (Robt.) Printing of Greek, cited xxvi

Purchas (S ) His Pilgrimes, ref. to . . -xx

PjTamids (the) mentioned . . . . xvi

view of (pi. 28) xxiv

Pyrmont, Waldeck 22

Rama, hospital . , . . . . . . xiv

Rappolstein (Max. von) pilgrim .. iii, vi

Rasis, physician . . . . . . . . xi

Ravensburg . . . . . . . . iv

Red Sea, arrival at xvi

correctly shewn by Reuwich . . xxiv

Redgrave's Ratdolt, cited . . . . xxii

Relics at Padua xii

at Rhodes xiii

at Rome 25, 37

at Sinai . . . . ■ . . . xvi

at Venice xii

Circumcision . . . . , . 37

Constantine's thumb .. .. xii

Cross (True) .. .. xii, xiii, 37

Jordan water . . . . . . xvii

Sudarium . . . . . . . . 37

. taken from Jerusalem . . . . xv

stolen . . . . . . . . xvii

see also Saints

Rencz or Rentz (Meirtin) rector of

Heidelberg University .. .. vii

cf. Roth

Retrospective Review, cited . . . . xix, xx

Reuwich (Corneille) painter of Utrecht xxi
Reuwich (Erhard) painter of Utrecht,

accompanied B. V. B. .. ,. iii

copies of his cuts, see Illustrations

extracts from B. v. B., mentioning 2, 10.

13, 15. 18,31, 34

illustrator, and not the author of

B. V. B.'sbook vii, xxi

? illustrator of the Herbarius .. ii

PAGE

Reuwich (E.) praised by Martin de Ampies 34

printer of three eds. of B. v. B.*s

book .. .. ., .. ., xxix, 10

supposed book by . . . . xx

? translator of Flemish version ., viii, 17

see also Illustrations

Reyssbuch des Heyligen Lands . . xviii

Rhodes, commandeur of .. .. 21

chancellor of . . . . . . 21

church and relics . . . . . , xiii

damage done by Turks . , . , xxiv

grand master .. .. .. 21

map (pi. 58)

siege of . . . . . . . . x

tower of S. Nicolas (pi. 22, 23) . . xxiv

vice-chancellor . . . . . . x

view of (pi. 21-24) •• ■• xxiii

Ribagor(;a, count of, see Juan de Aragon

Richard I, king of England .. .. xiv

Richardus, liistorian .. .. .. ix

Ricoldus. contra sectani Mahumeticam, cited vi
Rizzo (Ant.) artist, engaged on Doges'

Palace xxii

Roberts (D.) Views in Holy Land, Ac,

referred to . . . . . . . . xxiv

Rochefort (frere Ant. de) death of .. 21

Rochefort (Vidal de) death of . . 21

Rochefort, gentleman named, death of 21

Rochefort, seigneur de . . . . . . 20

Rome, B. v. B. at i

churches of, see Mirabilia

churches and relics . . . . 25

description by Martin de Ampies, ed. XII

emperors of . . . . . . 37

Le Huen at 21

license from, necessary for pilgrims xv, 37

manels of, see Mirabilia

popes 37

view of, in B. v. B. Spanish ed. (pi. 46-7) 35

view, in Bergomensis 1490 (pi. 57) 35

\iew, in Notitia (pi. 57)

v iew, in Nuremberg Chronicle (pi. 48) 35

Rosetta xvi

Roth (Martin) author of the Ilinerarium vi

original compositions of . . . . x

? translator of German editions . . viii

cf. Rencz

Rotta (Giovanni) La Vita del Sophi . . 24

Rudimentum Noviciorum 1475, mentd. ix
Rusconi (Solanzio) c. 1534, painter, mentd. 35

Ruskin (John) quoted xxii

Riixner, Thurnierbuch, cited .. .. iii. vi
Saints ; —

Albert, relics 21

Anne, house of . . . . ■ . xv

Cosmas and Damian. relics .. xii

Eleutherius, relics . . . . ■ . xiii

George, picture of . . . . . . xxix

relics . . . ■ . . . . xii

Helena, history of . . . . . . 37

relics . . . . . . . . xii

James, in mark of P. Hurus .. 37

John of Capistran. defence of Belgrade 24

Katherine, prison at Alexandria , . xvii

relics at Rhodes . . . . xiii

relics at Sinai . . . . . . xy^

Lucia, trans, of relics, represented (pi. 55) xxiii

Luke, relics, and picture by him ,. xii

Marina, relics . . . . . . . , xii

Mark, feast of 2,20

relics . . . . . . ■ . xii

Mary (Virgin) w here born . . . . xv

Saints — conti.

Mary Magdalene, relics

Matthew, relics

Maurus, relics

Nicolas of Bari, tomb

Roch, in mark of Gumiel

Sebastian, in mark of P. Hurus

Sylvester, history of . .

Thomas of Canterbury, relics

Urinus, relics . .

Veronica and Sudarium . . . . 38

Virgins (11,000) relics .. .. xiii, 21

Saints, see also Relics

attributes, painted inside cover

S. Anthoine, Rouergue. canon of

S. Faron de Meaux, Benedictine abbey,

monk of .. .. .. .. 21

S. Katherine's shrine, see Sinai

S. Maria de Philermo, near Rhodes xiii, 20

S. Nicolas of Bari, priory .. .. 21

Saligniaco (Barth. de) cited .. .. xiv, xv

Sallust, cited .. .. .. .. 37

Samaffra . . . . . . . . . . xvii

Sapienza, convent of Our Lady, view

(pi. 17, 18) xxiii

Saracens, dixisions of .. .. .. ix

Saragossa, see Zaragoza

Sailors, nationalities of .. ,. xvii

Saita (Fr. de la) letter .. .. .. 25

Sa\ oy (Jean Louis of) bp. of Geneva. . vi

Schawenberg (Heinr. von) pilgrim .. iv

Schedel (H.) Chronicle, cited.. xxii, xxviii

Schefflama, island . . . . . . xvii

Schenk. pilgrim . . . . . . . . v

Schmidt, see Fabn

Schmidthanns (Joh) pilgrim .. .. iv

Schoeffer (P.) see I'rinters

Sea-sickness, remedies . . . . . . xi

Sects (religious) . . . . . . . . ix

Segre (Madame de) . . . . , . 20

Selim I. sultan .. .. .. .. xxiv

Seneca. Proxerbia, cited . . . . 38

Sephardi (rabbi Moses) see Alfunsi

Sepulchre (Holy) see Jerusalem

Seven Sleepers at Baffa . . . . xiv

Seville. Spanish edition bought by

F. Columbus in .. .. .. 38

Seyboltsdorf (Seb. von) pilgrim . . iv

Shepherds' Crusade . . . . . , 24

Shipbuilding xxiv

Ships, not Columbus's but Reuwich's xxix

see Galley

Siculi, see Sienii

Siebenbiirgen . . . . , , , . iv, vi

Sieges by Turks . . . . . . , , x

Sienii (Caspar von) pilgrim . . . . iv

Sigebert of Gemblours, Chronicle . . 24

Signatures of quires in B. v, B. : —

No sigs., no foliation . . .. eds. I, IV

., with ed. II

With sigs., no ,, eds. Ill, V, VI. VII,

VIII, XI

part ed. IX

„ with ed. X, XII

Signatures (quire) see also Collation

Signot (Jac.) itinerary taken from ., 25

Silerme, see IMiilermo

Sinai, mosque at .. ,. .. xvi

pilgrimage of B. v. 13. to . . xvi

pilgrimages (early) .. .. xvi

view of (pi. 28) xxiv

Sion, see Mount Sion

PAGE

Siout, Egypt, consul of, letters from.. 25

Slaves, price of . . . . . . . . xvi

Solinus. cited . . . . . . . . 37

Solms (Bernhard von) . . . . . . iii

(Johann von) the elder . . . . iii

the younger, accomp. B. v. B. iii

death . . . . . . xvii

(Otto von) iii

(Philip von) iii

Solms-Lich (Cuno von) . . . . iii
Sopholonia, see Cephalonia

Sophy Arduelin, see Ismael

Speier, editions printed at eds. II, III, VI

Spenner (Joh.) pilgrim .. .. .. iv

Sphinx (the) . . . . . . . . xvi

Stannum, Illyria . . . . . . xvii

Stein (Georg von) . . . . . . v

Stirling Maxwell (Sir W.) cited . . xxii

Stoffeln (Heinrich von) pilgrim . . iv
Strassburg, nati\'e . . . . . . iv, vi

Sudarium. at Rome . . . . . . 37

Sunler, pilgrim . . . . . . . . v

Superstition of Sailors . . . . . . xvii

Syac Ysmail, see Ismael

Symon de Magunce . . . . . . 20

Symon of Utrecht, death of .. .. 2i

Synods, account of . . . . . . ix

Syriac alphabet (pi. 40) .. .. xxv

type, early use . . . . . . xxvi

Syrians in Holy Land . . . . . . ix

Templars, persecution of . . . . 24

Terre des Papegaulx. discovered . . 25

Thomas (frater) minorite . . . . iv

Title-page, first in Breydenbach . . 12
Toepke (G.) editor of Heidelberg registers vii

Torkington (Richd.) pilgrimage .. xx

Torrentinus, Elucidarius, cited . . x

Tournaments . , . . . . . * iii

Transference of woodcuts, see Illustrations

and Printers
Translations of B. v. B. ; —

English, not done xix

Flemish, ? by Reuwich .. .. viii

French, by Le Huen viii, xx

by Hersin viii

additions to . . . . . . xiv

alteration to . . . . . . xvii

German, additions to .. .. viii

editions compared . . . . 13

editions, orthography of . . viii

editions without cuts . . . . xviii

Italian, supposed . . . . . . xx

Polish xviii

Spanish, by Martin de Ampies . . viii

Dates of viii

Nearly all follow the Latin ed. . . 16

Transylvania, archdeacon of . . . . iv

Treasurer of Au\-ergne . . . . . . 20

Triberg (Jon. von) pilgrim .. .. iv

Truchsess (Georg) iv

Truchsess (Joh.) pilgrim .. .. iv

Tunis xvi

Turin, horses sold at . . . . . . 20

Turkish ambassador xi

Turpin's Chronicle .. .. .. 24

Type. Lyonnese, used in Spanish books 38

k supplied by \t, Lz . . . . 22

w supplied by Kv . . . . . . 15

see Printers

Udenheim (Petr. de) viii

Ugelheymer (Peter) xi

Ulm iv, xi

TAGE

Urbino (duke of) x

Usury (Jewish) ix

Utrecht, church of S. Nicolas . . xxi

nati\e of, see Reuwich, Symon

Vasaeus (Jo.) librarian to F. Columbus 39

Vecellio, ref . to xvii

Velsch (Petr.) pilgrim iv

Venice, Academy of . . . . . . xxii

ambassadors of . . . . . . 25

arrival at xi

Arsenal described . . . . . . xiii

Campanile . . . . . . . . xxii

condottieri executed . . . . xiii

consul of . . , . . . . . xvii

Doges' Palace xxii

lodgings in . . . . . . . . xi

merchant vessels . . . . . . xiii

possessions of . . . . x, xiii

praise of xiii

relics at . . . . . . . . xii

S. Giorgio Maggiore, church . . xxiii

relics in . . . . . . xxiii

S. Giorgio dei Schiavoni, chapel xxix

S. Lucia, church . . . . . . xxiii

S. Mark's church, riches .. xii

see also Relics

chanter of . . . . . . 20

sign of "L' Homme Sauvaige" .. 20

trade of, injured by Portuguese 25

view in Bergomensis 1490 (pi. 56) xxii

view in Bordone . . . . . . xxiii

view by Carpaccio . . . . xxii

view in Erizzo, 1568 (pi. 56)

view, Giunta's (pi. 55) . . . . xxii

view by Jacopo de Barbari . . xxii

view, Koberger's . . . . xxii, xxvii

view in Montalboddo . . . , xxiii

view in Munster .. .. ,. xxiii

view, Ratdolt's (pi. 55) .. .. xxii

view. Reuwich's, the first authentic,

described (pi. 7-1 1 ) .. .. .. xxii

view, J. Walch's (pi. 55).. .. xxii

welcome on return . . . . xvii

Verardus (Car.) Columbus's letter printed

with . . . . . . . . . . xxix

Vermin, remedies . . . . , . xi

Vesalius, buried at Zante . . . . xvii

Viazo da Venesia 1500, cited v, xx, xxiv, xxviii
Views, see Alexandria, Cairo, Candia, Corfu,

Damascus, Jaffa, Jerusalem, Modon,

Parenzo, Rhodes, Rome, Sapienza,

Sinai, Venice

Vignay (Jean de) translator . . . . 24

Vilerma, see Philermo

Villa Nova, castle of . . . . . . xiii

Vincent of Beauvais, his Speculum

Historiale used . . . . . . ix

mentioned . . . . . . x, 10, 24

Vitry (Jacques de) his description of

Holy Land ix

Vocabulary, Arabic .. .. .. x

Latin words not translated in ed. XI

Voyage de Hierusalem 1480, cited . . vi, xiv

Waldeck

Waldpurg

VValdsee . .

Walther (Paul) pilgrim

his account of the Pilgrimage

Watermarks, devices : —

Arms, see Shield

Bull's head

Bull's head & Tau cross, 52, 62, 70 mm.
high 4

Bull's head & Tau cross, 60 mm. . .

Bull's head & Tau cross, 67 mm. . .

Bull's head, Tau cross & cinquefoil,
60 mm.

Bull's head & double cross, 107 mm.
(in lining of binding)

Bull's head, crown & cinquefoil, 115 mm.

Calvary, 50 mm. .. ,. .. 6.

Cahary & cross, c. 55 mm. . . . . xxx,

Cross on base, 100 mm.

Cross botont (trefoiled) 57 mm.

Eagle (double)

Hand & star. c. 58 mm.

Hand it star. 88 mm.

Hand & star, c. 90 mm.

Helmet (?) 63 mm.

Jug, 42 mm

Keys (crossed)

Man's head & cross, 70 mm.

Mound & cross, see Calvary

p (gothic)

p (gothic) & trefoil, c. 75 mm.

p (gothic) & trefoil, 80 mm.

Serpent, c. 75 mm.

Shield, arms of France

France & Brittany

fieurs-de-lis & crescents . . 26

& crown . . . . . . . . 29

None ed. V

Watermarks, emblems of pilgrimage xxix

identity of, uncertain . . . . xxix

Ratdolt's (E.) compared . . .. 31

Watson (C. M.) Sites on Sion, ref. to xxiv

Weisensteig. native of . . . , . . vii

Weiss Kunig, see Burgmair

Werli (Joh.) von Zimmern, pilgrim .. iv

Wey (Wm.) Itineraries, ref. to xii, xx, xxiv

Wiederstein (Elizabeth von) . . . . iii

Wine. Malvoisie . . . . . . . . xii, xiii

Woodcuts, see Illustrations
Woodcutters (German) in Spain
Woodward, Eccles. Heraldry, cited ..
Worms, Diet of . .

tournament at

Ydruntum, see Otranto

Zara (New)

Zaragoza, only edition printed at

Zeller, pilgrim

Zimmern . .

Zorn (Caspar) von Bulach, pilgrim . .

Zuallardo, cited . . .. .. xii

Zurich

18

18

26, 29

29

35