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Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive
in 2007 witii funding from
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littp://www.arcliive.org/details/betweengatesOOtayliala
BETWEEN THE GATES.
BEI^J. F. TAYLOR,
Author op "Songs of Yesterday." "Old-Time Pictures," "World on
Wheels," " Camp and Field," etc.
WITH ILL USTRA TIONS.
CHICAGO:
S. C. GRIGGS AND COMPANY.
18T8.
Copyright, 1878,
By 8. C. GRIGGS AND COMPANY.
I KHIGHT R LEONARD . I
Donohne A Henneberrv, Binden
Colleg«
library
1^
1^1 .ir
&Gq,
TO
MRS. MARY SCRANTON BRADFORD,
of cleveland, ohio,
whose daily deeds of noble kindness have
brightened many a life and beautified
her own, this book of days of
sunshine is affectionately
inscribed by her
Relative and Friend.
883348
Colleg*
Libraiy,
^U
\
CONFIDENTIAL.
rr^HE only care-free, cloudless summer of my life, since
childhood, was spent in California. The going there
was a delight, and the leaving there a regret.
This gypsy of a book has few facts and not a word of
fiction; not so much as a dry fagot of statistics or a wing-
feather of a fancy.
"How do you like California?" was the daily question,
and to the uniform reply came the quick rejoinder: "Ah,
but you should see it in the winter, for the summer is in
the winter."
The writer sympathizes with any reader who misses
what he seeks in this small volume, and can only soften
"the winter of our discontent" by saying: Ah, but you
should know "what pain it was to drown" what had to
be omitted!
Perhaps we two may meet again in the groves of Los
Angeles, when the oi-anges are in the gold and the almond
blossoms shine.
CONTENTS.
PREFACE.
OvERLAin) Train ..... 9
CHAPTER I.
"Set Sail" - - - ... 21
CHAPTER II.
From Valley to Mountain - - - - 28
CHAPTER Hi.
Wonderland to Bugle Ca:Son ... 33
CHAPTER IV.
The Desert, the Devil and Cape Horn - - 48
CHAPTER V.
From Winter to Summer ... 61
CHAPTER VI.
San Francisco Street Scenes ... 71
CHAPTER VII.
The Animal, Man - - - . . 81
"John," the Heathen .... 84
"Hoodlum," the Christian ... 88
Picnics ...... 91
6 CONTENTS.
CHAPTER VIII.
CoABT. Forty- NINER8 a no Climate . - 94
The Pacific Breezes - - - - 101
Weather on Man .... 103
CHAPTER IX.
Going to China ..... 106
A Chinese Restaurant .... 108
••We'll All Take Tea" .... 109
The Joss-House and the Gods ... HQ
"Twelve Packs in his Sleeve" - - - 114
An Opium Den - - . . . 115
The Opium-Smoker's Dream ... ng
"The Royal China Theatre" - - - 118
'•The Play's the Thing" - » - - 110
The Orchestra 121
CHAPTER X.
Mission Dolores and the Saints ... 124
The Old Graveyard .... 126
The Saints 128
CHAPTER XI.
Vaixey Rambles and a Climb ... 131
A Dead Lift at a Live Weight - - 183
On the High Seas ..... 140
The Hog's Back - - . - - 148
CHAPTER Xn.
The Geysers ---... 146
CHAPTER XIII.
The Petrified Forest .... 15g
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIV.
Higher and Fire
166
CHAPTER XV.
A Mint of Money - - - - ' ■ ^"^
Aladdin's Cave ... - - - 1""
Is it Worth it 1^0
Washing-Day ^^^
Midas's Kitchen ----- 183
Bricks and Hoop-Poles - . - - 184
Weighing Live Stock - - - - 189
"The Golden Dustman" ... - 190
CHAPTER XVI.
Bound for the Yo Semite - ■ - 192
Taking a Mountain ----- 200
A Mountain Choir •• . - - - 201
"Tlie Ayes Have It" - - - - 202
Down the Mountains . - - - 203
The Big Trees 205
A Forest Ride 209
First Glimpse of the Yo Semite - - - . 210
Through the Valley - - - - 214
The Grand Register ----- 217
El Capitan 221
The Bridal Veil - •• - - - 222
Mirror Lake - - ^ - - - 224
Up a Trail 227
Yo Semite Fall and Sun Time - - - 232
Breaking up Camp ----- 236
8 CONTENTS.
CHAPl'ER XVn.
Whales, Lions and War Dogs - - 240
Seals - 242
The Golden Gate .... 245
•
CHAPTER XVIII.
A Tnip TO THE Tropic - - ... . 249
A Difficult Sunrise .... 250
The Tehachapi Love-Knot - - - - 251
The Mojave Desert .... 254
A Vegetable Acrobat .... 255
The Mirage 257
The City of the Angels - - - - 259
The Orange Groves .... 262
The Vineyards - - - - - 264
"A Bee Ranch" 266
The Mission of San Gabriel - - - - 269
The Garden 271
CHAPTER XIX.
Kings op Society ..... 276
Latitudes -...-- 281
The Spirit of California " - - - - 288
The Men and Women .... 287
Home Again .----. 291
BETWEEN THE GATES.
OVERLAND TRAIN.
TPROM Hell Gate to Gold Gate
-J- And the Sabbath uribi'oken,
A sweep continental
And the Saxon yet spoken!
By seas with no tears in them,
Fresh and sweet as Spring rains,
By seas with no fears in them,
God's garmented plains,
Where deserts lie down in the prairies' broad calms,
Where lake links to lake like the music of psalms.
II.
Meeting rivers bound East
Like the shadows at night.
Chasing rivers bound West
Like the break-of-day light,
Crossing rivers bound South
From dead winter to June,
From the marble-old snows
To perennial noon —
Cosmopolitan rivers, Mississippi, Missouri,
That travel the planet like Jordan through Jewry.
10 HKTWKKN TlIK liATES.
III.
Through the kingdoms of corn,
Through the empires of grain,
Through dominions of forest
Drives the thundering train —
Through fields where God's cattle
Are turned out to grass,
And 'His poultry whirl up
From the wheels as we pass;
Through level horizons as still as the moon,
With the wilds fast asleep and the winds in a swoon.
IV.
There's a thrill in the air
Like the tingle of wine,
Like a bugle-blown blast
When the scimiters shine
And the sky-line is broken
By the Mountains Divine!
Where the planet stands up
Body-guard before God,
And to cloud-land and glory
Transfigures the sod.
Ah! to see the grand forms'
Magnificent lift
In their sandals of daisies
And turbans of drift.
Ah! to see the dull globe brought sublime to its feet,
Where in mantles of blue the two monarchies meetj
The azure of grace bending low in its place.
OVERLAND TRAIN. 11
And this world glancing back with a colorless face.
Who marvels Mount Sinai was the State House of God?
Who wonders the Sermon down old Galilee flowed?
That the Father and Son each hallowed a height
Where the lightnings were red and the roses were white !
Oh, Mountains that lift us to the realm of the Throne,
A Sabbath-day's journey without leaving our own,
All day ye have cumbered and beclouded the West,
Low glooming, high looming, like a storm at its best,
By distance struck speechless and the thunder at rest.
V.
All day and all night
It is rattle and clank,
All night and all day
Smiting space in the flank.
And no token those clouds
Will ever break rank.
Still the engines' bright arms
Are bared to the shoulder
In the long level pull
Till the mountains grow bolder.
Ah! we strike the up grade!
We are climbing the world!
And it rallies the soul
Like volcanoes unfurled.
Where it looks like the cloud that led Moses of old.
And the pillar of fire born and wove in one fold
From the womb and the loom of abysses untold.
12 BETWKEN THE GATES.
VI.
We strike the Great Desert
With its wilderness howl,
With its cactus and sage,
With its serpent and owl,
And its pools of dead water,
Its torpid old streams,
The corpse of an earth
And the nightmare of dreams;
And the dim rusty trail
Of the old Forty-nine,
That they wore as they went
To the mountain and mine.
With graves for their milestones;
How slowly they crept,
Like the shade on a dial
Where the sun never slept,
But unwinking, unblinking, from his quiver of ire
Like a desolate besom the wilderness swept
With his arrows of fire.
Now we pull up the globe! It is gi-ander than flying,
'Mid glimpses of wonder that are grander than dying.
Through the gloomy arcades shedding winter and drift.
By the bastions and towers of omnipotent lift.
Through tunnels of thunder with a long sullen roar,
Night ever at home and grim Death at the door.
We swing round a headland.
Ah! the track is not there!
OVERLAND TRAIN. 13
It has melted away
Like a rainbow in air!
Man the brakes! Hold her hard! We are leaving the
world !
Red flag and red lantern unlighted and furled.
Lo, the earth has gone down like the set of the sun —
Broad rivers unraveled turn to rills as they run —
Great monarchs of forest dwindle feeble and old —
Wide fields flock together like the lambs in a fold —
Yon head-stone a snow-flake lost out of the sky
That lingered behind when some winter went by!
Ah, we creep round a ledge
On the world's very edge,
On a shelf of the rock
Where an eagle might nest,
And the heart's double knock
Dies away in the breast —
We have rounded Cape Horn! Grand Pacific, good morn!
VIII.
Now the world slopes away to the afternoon sun —
Steady one!- Steady all! The down grade has begun.
Let the engines take breath, they have nothing to do,
For the law that swings worlds will whirl the train
through.
Streams of fire from the wheels,
Like flashes from fountains;
And the dizzy train reels
As it swoops down the mountains :
And fiercer and faster
14
BETWEEN THE GATES.
As if demons drove tandem
Engines "Death" and "Disaster!"
From dumb Winter to Spring in one wonderful hour;
From Nevada's white wing to Creation in flower!
December at morning tossing wild in its might —
A June without warning and blown roses at night!
DOUBLING CAFE HOUN.
Above us are snow-drifts a hundred years old,
Behind us are placers with their pockets of gold,
And mountains of bullion that would whiten a noon,
That would silver the face of the Harvesters' moon.
Around- us are vineyards with their jewels and gems,
OVERLAND TRAIN. 15
Living trinkets of wine blushing warm on the stems,
And the leaves all afire
With the purple of Tyre.
Beyond us are oceans of ripple and gold,
Where the bread cast abroad rolls a myriad fold —
Seas of grain and of answer to the prayer of mankind,
And the orange in blossom makes a bride of the wind,
And the almond tree shines like a Scripture in bloom,
And the bees are abroad with their blunder and boom —
Never blunder amiss, for there's something to kiss
Where the flowers out-of-doors can smile in all weather,
And bud, blossom and fruit grace the gardens together.
Thereaway to the South, without fences and bars,
Flocks freckle the plains like the thick of the stars;
Hereaway to the North, a magnificent wild.
With dimples of cafions, as if Universe smiled.
Ah! valleys of Vision,
Delectable Mountains
As grand as old Bunyan's,
And opals of fountains,
And garnets of landscapes.
And sapphires of skies.
Where through agates of clouds
Shine the diamond eyes.
IX.
We die out of Winter in the flash of an eye,
Into Eden of earth, into Heaven of sky;
Sacramento's fair vale with its parlors of God,
Where the souls of the flowers rise and di-ift all abroad,
16 BETWEEN THE GATES.
As if resurrection were all the year round
And the writing of Christ sprang alive from the ground,
VVlien He said to the woman those words that will last
When the globe shall grow human with the dead it has
clasped.
Live-oaks in their orchards, rare exotics run wild.
No orphan among them, each Nature's own child.
Oh, wonderful land where the turbulent sand
Will burst into bloom at the touch of a hand.
And a desert baptized
Prove an Eden disguised.
X.
There's a breath from Japan
Of an ocean-born air,
Like the blue- water smell
In an Argonaut's hair!
'Tis a carol of joy
With a sweep wild and free;
And the mountains deploy
Round the Queen of the West,
Where she sits by the sea —
By the Occident sea —
In her Orient vest,
Babel Earth at her knee,
And the heart of all nations
Alive in her breast —
Where she sits by the Gate
With its lintels of rock,
And the key in the lock —
OVERLAND TRAIN. 17
By the Lord's Golden Gate,
With its crystal-floored chamber,
And its threshold of amber,
Where encamped like a king,
The broad world on the wing.
Her grand will can await.
Where now are the dunes,
The tawny half- moons
Of the sands ever drifting,
Of the sands ever sifting.
By the shore and the sweep
Of the sea in its sleep?
W^here now are the tents.
With their stains and their rents.
All landward and seaward
Like white butterflies blown?
All drifted to leeward,
All scattered and gone.
And this uttermost post
Of earth's end is the throne
Of the Queen of the Coast,
Who has loosened her robe
And girdled the globe
With her radiant zone —
The throb of her pulses
Has fevered the Age —
She has silvered and gilded
All history's page!
She has spoken mankind,
1*
18 BETWEEN THE GATES.
And has uttered her ships
Like the eloquent words
From most eloquent lips —
They have flown all abroad
Like- the angels of God!
Sails fleck the world's waters
All bound for the Gate,
All their bows to the Bay,
Like the finger of Fate.
Child of the wilderness
By deserts confined.
Wide waters before her,
Wild mountains behind,
She unlocks her treasures
To the gaze of mankind.
Her name is translated into each human tongue,
Her fame round the cux've of the planet is sung.
And she thinks through its swerve
By the telegraph nerve.
When the leaf of the mulberry is spun into thread.
Then the spinner is shrouded and the weaver is dead;
And that shroud is unwound by the fingers of girls,
And the films of pale gold clasp the spool as it whirls,
As it ripens and rounds
Like some exquisite fruit
In the tropical bounds.
In air sweet as a lute,
Till the shroud and the tomb,
OVERLAND TRAIN. 19
Dyed in rainbow and bloom,
Glisten forth from the loom
Into garments of pride,
Into robes for a bride,
Into lace-woven air
That an angel might wear.
Ah! marvelous space
'Twixt the leaf and the lace,
From the mulberry worm
To the magical grace
Of the fabric and form!
Oh, Imperial State,
Splendid empire in leaf,
That grows grand on the way
To the sky and the day.
Like the coralline reef
To be royally great.
Dead gold is barbaric, but its threads can be woven
Into harmonies fine, like the tones of Beethoven,
Can be raveled and wrought
Into love-knots of faith
For the daughters of Ruth —
Into garments of thought,
Into pinions for truth —
And be turned from the wraith
Of a misty ideal
That may vanish in night.
To things royal and real
That shall live out the light.
20
BETWEEN THE GATES.
So the true golden days
Shall be kindled at last,
And this realm shall rule on
When the twilights are gone,
In the grandeur of truth
And the beauty of youth
Till long ages have passed!
CHAPTER I.
"SET SAIL."
ON a bright Spring morning we set sail from Chicago
for the Golden Gate. Nothing on solid land is the
twin of an ocean voyage but a trans-continental trip by
rail. There is a sort of " through " look about Pacific-
bound passengers. The shaggy blanket; the bruin of an
overcoat; the valise not black and glossy, but the color of a
sea-lion; the William Penn of a hat, broad as to its brim
as the phylacteries of the Pharisees; the ticket that shuts
over and over like a Chinese book; the capacious lunch
basket where, amid sardines, cheese, dried beef, bread,
pickles and pots of butter, protrude bottles with slender
necks like Mary's, Queen of Scots, and young teapots with
impudent noses; the settling into place like geese for a
three- weeks' anchorage — all these betoken, not a flitting,
but a flight.
The splendid train of the Chicago and Northwestern
road, that controls a line of more than three thousand
miles, and traverses six states and territories, steams out
of the "Garden City's" ragged edges that refine and
soften away into rural scenes, and meets many a lovely
village hurrying toward the town. It rings its brazen
clangor of salute. Shrubbery and stations clear the way.
The horizons curve broadly out. We are fairly at sea
amid the rolling glory of Illinois. The eastward world
21
22 BETWEEN THE GATES.
slips away beneath the wheels, like the white wake at a
schooner's heels.
And then I think of another day in the year '49, and
the stormy month of March, when the tatters of white
winter half-hid eai'th's chilly nakedness, and Euroclydon
blew out of the keen East like the King's trumpeter, and
a little procession of wagons was drawn up facing West
on Lake street, Chicago, and daring fellows were snapping
revolvers and casing rifles, and making ready for the
long, dim trail through wilderness, desert and cafion,
through delay, danger and darkness — a trail drawn across
the continent like the tremulous writing of a death-
warrant when Mercy holds the pen. The horses' heads
were toward the sunset, and the stalwart boys were ready,
the gold-seekers of the early day. There were women on
the sidewalks, there were children lifted in men's stout
arms that might never clasp them more.
The captain gave the word, and the cavalcade drew
slowly out, the last canvas-covered wain dwindled to an
ant's white egg, and the pioneers were gone; gone into a
silence as profound as the grave's. Spring should come
and go, June should shed its roses, autumn roll its golden
sea and break into the barn's broad bays in the high-
tides of abundance; the winter fire* should glow again,
and yet no word from the Argonauts, no lock from the
Golden Fleece of the new-found El Dorado of the farthest
West. Ah, the weary waitings, the hopes deferred, the
letters soiled and wrinkled and old, that crept by return-
ing trains, or doubled the Cape or crossed the Isthmus,
that the readers thanked God for and took courage, be-
cause the writers were not dead last year.
And now it is a six days' sweep as on wings of eagles
"SET SAIL." 23
from the Prairies of Garden Gate to Pacific's Golden Gate!
Verily Galileo's whisper has swelled to a joyful shout:
"The world moves!" Fox river, Rock river, Mississippi,
the old Father of them all, are crossed in one sunshine.
The Cedar is reached by tea-time ; we are riding the
breezy swells of Iowa; the second morning finds us giv-
ing Council Bluffs a cold shoulder, and making for " The
Big Muddy," which is the prose for that ancient maiden,
Missouri. Council Bluffs is the old Kanesville, where the
Mormons advanced the first parallel in their long siege
to take the parched desert of Utah, with its strange
mimicry of the salted ocean that slakes no thirst, and to
make a blooming garden with streams of living water.
Omaha goes between wind and water, a bad region
for a solid shot to strike a ship, but a good thing for
a town. It was the base of supplies for the bearded
mountain-men who bundled their furs down to the river.
It was the point of departure for the Pike's Peakers and
the caravans " Frisco "-bound. It has hot water on both
sides of it, from ocean to ocean. It has cold water, such
as it is, "slab and good," like witches' broth, in the
Missouri that, allied with the Mississippi, flows from the
regions of the rude North, up the round world to the
Gulf of Mexico and the sea. And it has wind. Caves ( f
iEolus! How it blows! If the wild asses of Scripture
times could live on the East wind, they would fairly fat-
ten on the Zephyrs of Omaha.
The bridge over the Missouri, swung in the air like
a rainbow with no colors in it, and almost three thousand
feet long, is a great gateway to the West. It- has tri-
umphed over the uneasiest sands that ever slipped out
from under a foundation, and the worst river to drown
24 BETWEEN THE GATES.
geographies that ever went anywhere. I have crossed
that river in a stage-coach, in a boat, and on foot. It
gets up and lies down in a new place oftener than any
other running water in America. It changes beds like
a fidgety man in a sultry night. It is as worthless for
a boundary-line as a clothes-line. It has been known to
slice out an Iowa county-seat, and leave it within the
limit.5 of Nebraska, as a sort of lawyer's lunch, to be
wrangled over.
Fort Calhoun, some two hours' drive up the river from
Omaha, is the point whence Lewis and Clark set forth,
seventy-three years ago, into a wilderness that howled,
and discovered that great watery trident of the Columbia,
and named it Lewis, Clark and Multnomah. A while ago
I visited the Fort, and the stump of the flag-staff yet
remained whence the old colors drifted out in the morn-
ing light, when the Discoverers set forth. In their day
the Fort stood on the river's bank, and in case of in-
vestment from the landward side, water could be drawn
up in buckets from the Missouri, and so they wet their
throats and kept their powder dry. In mij day, I looked
from the old site upon a forest of cotton woods about a
Sabbath-day's journey in breadth! That river had gotten
up and lain down again at a quiet and comfortable dis-
tance from the click of locks and clank of scabbards.
What it will do next nobody can tell.
The Union Pacific train is just ready to move out.
The bright-hued cars of the Northwestern are succeeded
by the soberly-painted coaches of the Union Pacific. They
have taken the tint of ocean-going steamers. Men and
women are bundling aboard with bags and baskets. The
spacious Depot is thronged with crowds in motley wear.
SET sail;
25
A breeze draws through the great building like the blast
of a furnace. At one hawk-like swoop it catches up a
woman's bonnet and dishevels her head, and blows her
ticket out at one door
while her urchin of
a boy trundles out at
another. Her des-
peration is logical.
She grasps for the
hat, plunges for the
ticket, and proceeds
to look up the baby.
Let no indignant
matron deny the soft
impeachment. The
fact remains : bon-
net, ticket, baby.
Here, a Norwe-
gian sits upon a
knapsack colored like
an alligator, his leather breeches polished as a razor-
strap, and his hair gone to seed. There, an Indian with
his capillary midnight flowing down each side of his ole-
aginous face, as if he had ambushed in a horse's tail and
forgot his body was in sight.
Yonder, a pair of Saxons just escaped from a band-
box, fit for the shady side of Broadway, but not for the
long trail.
Now, an Englishman in tweed, and sensible shoes with
soles as thick as a shortcake, an inevitable white hat, and
a vest that nobody would think of asking him to " pull
down," for a little more waistcoat, and pantaloons could
2 '
26 BETWEEN THE GATES.
go out of fashion. Then, a girl with a portfolio in a
strap, who means to be "a chiel amang us takin' notes,"
when she ought to be using her bright eyes and giving
'' Faber No. 2 " a blessed rest.
The Depot bubbles and boils like a caldron. The
engine backs, clanging down with a cloud and a rush.
People climb on and climb off the laden cars crazier
than ever. They are giving old ladies a lift from behind.
They are tugging up carpet-bags like cats with their last
kittens. They are all colors with excitement and hurry.
It strikes you queerly that everybody is going, and no-
•body is staying. The demon of unrest is the reigning
king. " Long live the king ! " for life is motion. Still
life is death's first cousin. A Babel of trunks is surging
toward the baggage-cars. Trucks are piled like drome-
daries. There's the Saratoga that might be lived in if
it only had a chimney, and the iron-bound chest of the
mistletoe-bough tragedy, and the dapper satchel as sleek
and black as a wet mink, and the little brindled hair-
trunk with its brazen lettering of nail-heads, and the
canvas sack as rusty as an elephant. And so they tum-
ble aboard with an infinite jingle of checks; an acrobatic,
jolly troop, the heart's delight of the trunk-makers. You
see your own property, bought new for the occasion,
rolling over and over corner-wise like a possessed por-
poise. Alas, for any pigments or unguents or dilutions
or perfumes that may break loose in that somerset, and
make colored maps of the five continents upon your
wedding vest or your snowy wrapper. Last, the leathern
purses of the United States Mail fly from the red wagons
like chaff from a fanning- mill. The engine's steam and
impatience are blown off in a whistle together. It spits
"SET SAIL.'* 27
spitefully on one side and the other, like a schoolboy out
of the corners of his mouth.
And amid the whirl of the Maelstrom — for if Nor-
way has none, at least Omaha has one — there are only
two living things that are quiet and serene. The one is
a youthful descendant of Ham, with a heel like the head
of a clawhammer — five claws instead of a pair — lying
on a truck upon a stomach that, like an angleworm's,
pervades the whole physical man, and the descendant
turned up at both ends, like a rampant mud-turtle, his
mouth full of ivory and his eyes round with content.
The other is the " last man" — not Montgomery's, but
an earlier product — that man in gray, in a silk cap, and
taking lazy whiffs at a cigar that has about crumbled to
ashes. He is as calm as the Sphinx, but neither so grand
nor so grim. He is going to San Francisco when — the
train goes, and he patiently bides his time. He is an old
traveler, and watches with an amused eye the human
vortex. He has seen it before at Gibraltar, at Canton,
and now at Omaha.
At last the conductor gives the word "All aboard!"
signals the engineer who has been leaning with his head
over his shoulder, the bell lurches from side to side with
a clang, your last man gives his cigar a careless toss and
swings himself upon the rear platform, and the train
with its black banners and white flung aloft pulls out,
and we are off for the plains and the deserts, and the
gorges and the mountains, and the Western sea.
CHAPTER II.
FROM VALLEY TO MOUNTAIN.
IP a man cannot stay at home, traveling in a Pullman
palace car is the most like staying there of any-
thing in the world. It takes about an hour to get set-
tled in a train bound for a five days' voyage, and some
people never do. See the man across the way. He has
turned that carpet-bag over and over like a flapjack,
and set it before him as a Christian does the law of the
Lord, and had it under his feet, and tried to hang it up
somewhere. It is as restless as a San Francisco flea. And
then his overcoat has been folded with each side out, and
his blanket vexes him, and his hat is an affliction, and
he is a nephew-in-law of Martha, who was " troubled
about many things." There is a sort of solar-system
genius about some men in the adjustment of their rail-
way belongings that is pleasant to see: everything with
a sort of gravitation to it; all at hand and nothing in
the way.
When people leave Omaha for the West they usually
have eyes for nothing but the scenery. There was one
man in our car who kept his nose in a book, like a pig's
in a trough, and he had never traveled the route, and
he was a tourist! An asylum for idiots ought to seem
like home to him!
The sun was borrowed from an Easter-day. The air
FROM VALLEY TO MOUNTAIif. 29
is transparent. The willows show the green. The mean-
der of emerald on the hillsides paints the route of the
water-courses. We are overtaking the Spring. Behind
us, Winter was begging at the door. The trees were as
dumb as an obelisk. Around us are tokens of May and
whispers of June. You are turning into a cuckoo — Lo-
gan's cuckoo; not General Logan, of the Boys in Blue,
nor Logan, the last of his race, who used dolefully to
say in the declamation of our boyhood, " not a drop of my
blood flows in the veins of any living creature," but Logan
the poet, who apostrophized the bird, " Companion of the
Spring," and said:
" Sweet bird, thy bower is ever green,
Thy eky is ever clear,
There is no sadness in thy song.
No winter in thy year!"
We strike the bottom lands of Nebraska, as rich as
Egypt. We are following the trail of Lewis and Clark,
for here is a stream they christened Papilion, from the
clouds of butterflies, those " winged flowers " that blos-
somed in the air as they went. The men are gone, but
the breath of a name remains. Sixty miles from Omaha,
and no sign of wilderness. Towns, farms, rural homes —
I confess to a covert feeling of disappointment. I expected
to be knocked in the head with the hammer of admiration
upon the anvil of sublimity right away. We have entered
the great Valley of the Platte, the old highway of the
emigrants, who paid fearful toll as they went. The world
widens out into one of the grandest plains you ever be-
held, and in the midst of it, lying flat as a whipped
spaniel, is the Platte, a river that burrows sometimes
like a prairie dog, and runs under ground like a mole,
30 BETWEEN THE GATES.
and sometimes broadens into a sea that can neither be
forded or navigated — a river as lawless as the Bedouins.
It would not be so much of a misnomer to rechristen it
the Flat. And the thread of a train moves through this
magnificent hall for hundreds of miles, with its sweeps
of green and its touches of russet grass here and there,
as if flashes of sunshine had rusted thereon in wet weather.
Herds of cattle freckle the distance. An Indian village
of smoky tents is pitched beside the track, and the occu-
pants are all out, from the caliper-legged old grizzly to
the bead-eyed papoose sprouting behind a squaw from
" the fearful hollow " of his mother's dingy blanket. They
are here to get the wreck of the lunch-baskets flung from
the windows of the eastward trains. The chemistry of
civilization has bleached some of them. It is a village
of beggars.
Clouds fly. low in the Valley of the Platte, and thun-
der-storms have the right of way. It was wearing toward
sundown when great leaden clouds with white edges
.showed in the route of the train. They looked like a
solid wall with irregular seams of mortar, built up from
earth to heaven. Then the wind came out of the wall,
and the careening cars hugged the left-hand rail, and the
hail played tattoo upon the dim windows, and the engine
" slowed," for we were running in the teeth of the storm,
and darkness fell down on the Valley like a mantle. The
lightning hung all about in tangled skeins, like Spanish
moss from the live-oaks, and played like shuttles of fire
between heaven and earth, carrying threads of white and
red, as if it were weaving a garment of destruction
There were evidently but two travelers in the Valley,
the storm and the train. And the thunder did not go
FROM VALLEY TO MOUNTAIN. 31
lowing and bellowing about like the bulls of Bashan, as
it does among the Catskills and the Cumberlands, but it
crashed short and sharp, like shotted guns, that have a
meaning to them, and not like blank cartridges, " full of
sound and fury, signifying nothing." The scene was sub-
lime. The pant of the engine and the grind of the car-
wheels were inaudible. We were traversing a battle-
field. It was crash, rattle and flash. The " thunder-drum
of heaven " must have had a drum-major to beat the long-
roll that day.
There was a young lady in our car, California-born, who
was returning home from an Eastern visit. She had never
heard the thunder nor seen the lightning in all her life.
She had lived in a cloudless land of everlasting serenity.
The pedal-bass of the skies and the opening and shutting
of the doors up aloft filled her with alarm, and when
the storm died down to great fitful sighs, the lightest
heart in all the train was her own. .
We had hoped to see a prairie-fire somewhere on the
way, if only it would not harm any body or thing — one
of those flying artilleries of flame that sweep the plains in
close order from rim to rim of the round world, but we
were only indulged with a rehearsal. Just before the
storm a fringe of fire showed in the Northwest, like an
arc of the horizon in flames. It was as if Day, getting
ready for bed, had trimmed it with a valance of fire; but
it was "out," like Shakspeare's "brief candle," under the
weight of the tempest.
We go to supper at Grand Island in sheets, like so
many unbound books, albeit they were sheets of rain, and
it' was pleasant to get back to the lighted car, with its
homelike groups and its summer hum of talk. Prepara-
82 BETWEEN THE GATES.
tions for going to bed are in order. Sofas turn couches,
and couches alcoves. The lean man shelves himself as a
saber is slipped into its scabbard. The fat man, condemned
to the upper berth, is pulling himself up the side as an
awkward bear boai'ds a boat. There is a flitting of female
shapes behind the restless curtains; one bulge in the crim-
son and the woman is unbuttoning her shoes; another
bulge and she says, "Good-by, proud world, I'm going
home," and she turns her back upon us and bounces into
bed — "to sleep, perchance to dream."
The steady clank-it-e-clank of the wheels grows plain
in the silence, like the roar below the dam of a village
mill at night. There is something wonderfully sedative
about the regular motion of the Overland Train. Its reg-
ular twenty and twenty-two miles an hour are as restful
as a lullaby. There is no fatigue about it. The nervous
dashes of a devil's-darning-needle of a train are as catch-
ing as the whooping-cough. They make you nervous also.
As twenty-two miles is to forty-five miles, so is one worry
to the other, is the Rule-of-Three of the I'oad.
It is not usual for anybody to get up in the morning
higher than he went to bed at night, but if you sleep
from Grand Island and supper to Sidney and breakfast,
you will have slept yourself more than two thousand feet
higher than the sea level when you gave that pillow its
last double and fell asleep.
The morning is splendid, and everybody is on the
alert. '''^ Prairie dogs!'''' cries some watchful lookout, and
every window frames as many eager faces as it will hold.
And there, to be sure, they are; the fat, rollicking, sandy
dogs, as big as exaggerated rats, but with tails of their
own. They sit up straight as tenpins and watch the
FROM VALLEY TO MOUNTAIN.
33
train. Their fore paws hang down from the wrists in a
deprecating, mock-solemn way, as if they had just washed
their hands of you, and said, "There they are; more of
them; jogging along to California." They fling up a pair
of heels and dive into their holes. They appear as much
at home o'n one end as the other. Travelers say they
bark at the trains, but they didn't bark at ours, unless
they "roared us gently." Soon there is another cry of
^^ Antelope!'' and again the car is in commotion. There
the graceful fellows are, showing the white feather behind,
as they dash off a little way, then turn and look at us with
lifted head, then bound down the little hollows and out
of sight. Prairie dogs and antelopes, in their native land,
were better than two consolidated menageries at the East.
To the tame passengers of the party, whereof this writer
was one, there was a wilderness flavor about it quite
strange and delightful. But there was a couple on board,
a British lion and his mate, that never ventured an eye on
the picture. They were
Bible people, for " their
strength was in sitting
still," and in keeping still
withal. The lion parted
his hair in the middle, and
his eyebrows were arched
into the very Gothic of
superciliousness. Escaped
from the sound of Bow
Bells, he was a cockney at
large, and of all poultry
an exclusive cockney is the cheapest. The figure is a
little mixed, but then there was a gallinaceous strain in
34 BETWEEN THE GATES.
his leonine veins. Together they made about as lively a
brace of beings for the general company as a couple of
luunnnics direct from the pyramid of Cephren would have
been I respect the noble, hearty Briton of Motherland; I
pray always that peace may dwell in her palaces — but the
lion, in his best estate, is apt to fall off a little in the
hinder quarters, tlis front view is the grander view, but
when those quarters are finished out before with the brow
and bearing of a snob, it becomes an unendurable animal
whose ancestors never would have been admitted into
the Ark.
There is a mightier lift to the land. The bluffs and
peaks begin to rise in the distance. The horizon is scol-
loped around as if some cabinet-maker had tried to dove-
tail earth and sky together. To eyes that have looked
restfully upon the rank green pastures of the East, these
billowy sweeps of tawny landscape seem just the grazing
that Pharaoh's lean kine starved upon, but they are really
in about the finest grass country in America. Watch
those dots on the hillsides at the right. They are sheep,
and there are thousands if there is so much as one
"Mary's little lamb." Those spots on the distant left,
like swarms of bees, will develop, under the field-glass,
into herds of "the cattle upon a thousand hills."
We are pulling up the world, and away to the North,
like thunder-heads at anchor, rise the sullen ranges of
the Black Hills, a glimpse or two of surly Alps. The
first snow-shed is in sight. It looks like an old rope-
walk slipped down the mountain on a land-slide, and we
rumble through it while the unglazed windows wink day-
light at us in a sinister way that is new, but not nice.
The first glimpse of Winter watching the world from
FROM VALLEY TO MOUNTAIN. 35
the crest of Colorado is a poem. There he stands in
the clear Southwest, calm and motionless as Orion. Long's
Peak is in sight! It seems near enough for a neighbor.
It is eighty miles away. Its crown of snow is as serenely
white in the sunshine as if there had been a coronation
this very morning, and it had freshly fallen from the
fingers of the Lord, and the height made King of the
Silver State, the Centennial child of the Republic.
They say I shall see grander mountains, but that
day and that scene will be bright in my memory as the
hour and the picture of perfect purity and peace.
I think of other eyes than mine — weary eyes — that
brightened as they caught sight of that December in
the sky. I think of the caravans of the long ago; of
the heroes of the trail; of the oxen that swung slowly
from side to side in their yokes, as if, like pendulums,
they would never advance; of the days they traveled
toward the Peak that never seemed to grow nearer, like
a star in far heaven. And I see at the right of the
train the old trail they wore, and the years vanish away,
and the camp-fires of the cactus and grass are twinkling
again, and I lie down beside them under the sky that
is naked and strange, and I hear the cayote's wild cry
and the alarms of the night.
An untraveled man's idea of a mountain is of a tre-
mendous, heaven-kissing sui'ge of rock, earth and snow,
rolling up at once from the dull plain like a tenth wave
of a breaker, and fairly taking your breath away. But
a mountain range grows upon you gradually. It some-
how gets under your feet before you know it, until the
tingling sweep of the light air startles you with the
truth that you are above the world.
36 BETWEEN THE GATES.
Here is an apparent plain, but in twenty miles you
begin to encounter the globe's I'ough weather again. The
tandem engines, panting and pulling together like a per-
fect match, labor up the Black Hills. The dimples of
valleys are green as emeralds. The rugged heights are
tumbled thick with gray granite, and sprinkled with
dwarfs of pines that stand timidly about as if at a loss
what to do next. A round eight thousand feet above
the sea, where water boils with slight provocation, and
you begin to feel a little as if you had swallowed a bal-
loon just as they made ready to inflate it, and the pro-
cess went on, and you are at Sherman. It is the highest
altitude the engine reaches between the* two oceans.
Strange that the skill of a civil engineer can teach a
locomotive how to fly without wings; can idle it up by
zigzags and spirals along the craggy heights and through
the air, fairly defrauding the attraction of gravitation
out of its just due.
The train halted, and everybody disembarked, much as
Noah's live cargo might have done on Ararat. We
wanted to set foot on the solid ground at high tide like
the sea, but we all discovered that it took a great deal of
air to do a little breathing with. Nothing was disdained
for a souvenir. Pebbles that little David would have
despised were picked up and pocketed, and one of the
party, more fortunate than the rest — it was the writer's
alter ego — found a dainty little horseshoe on that tip-top
of railroad things in North America, and bore it cheer-
fully away — for doesn't it make us witch and wizard
proof? We accepted it as a good omen, but who wore
it? Perhaps the winged horse, Pegasus, made a landing
there and cast a shoe — if he was ever shod. Sherman
FROM VALLEY TO MOUNTAIN".
37
was named after the brilliant General who marched to
the Sea.
Beyond the hemlock shadows of the spruce pine and
the scraggy ridges, where giants played "jack-stones"
when giants were, seventy miles away to the South, glit-
ters Pike's Peak, whose name was inked across many a
canvas-covered wain in the old time, and whose cold and
deathless light has kindled ardor in many a toiler's tired
heart. Long's Peak, to the west of it, and three days'
journey off as the mules go, is near us still.
CHAPTER III.
WONDERLAND TO BUGLE CANON.
TO get away from great mountains in white cloaks is
about as difficult as to escape from the fixed stars.
We travel all day with ridges of snow on our left, bil-
lowing away into magnificent ocean scenery, as if the
Arctic had been lashed into foaming fuiy, and then frozen
to death with all its icebergs, drifts and cafions imperish-
able as adamant. They were thirty miles away, yet so
distinct and clear-cut against the blue, so palpably pres-
ent as seen thi'ough air that might blow on the plains
of Heaven unforbidden, that almost anybody on the train
fancied he could walk near enough to make a snowball
before breakfast! This mountain atmosphere is a perpet-
ual illusion. Among these gorges are those graceful cats
with the long stride, to whom men are mice, the moun-
tain lions — you will see a pair of them caged at the
next station — and here are those huge but rather amia-
ble and aromatic brutes, the cinnamon bears, the blondes
among the bruins.
The train works its way between the Black Hills and
the Rockies, and you half fancy, as you watch the silent
plunge-down of their shaggy sides, and the gloomy gorges,
and the inaccessible crags, that the grizzlies must have
been born of mountains, not of bears. You can hardly
realize that those monstrous dromedaries of hills, those
WONDERLAND TO BUGLE CASON. 39
stone mastodons lying about, with streaks of Winter here
and there, really belong to the backbone of the continent.
Among those sombre hills the thunders have their
nests, and when the broods come off, as they do sometimes,
five at once, the flapping of their wings is something to
be remembered. Think of five thunder-storms let loose in
the air together, all distinctly outlined like men-of-war!
Nature has its compensations, and so you are not sur-
prised to know that rainbows are about two fingers
broader here than they are in the East, and the colors
deeper and brighter. There is no lack of material for
making those gorgeous old seals of the covenant. But I
did not see enough ribbon of a bow to make a girl's
necktie, nor hear thunder enough to stock a Fourth-of-
July oration.
Before setting oat for the Golden Coast, I thought a
young earthquake would be pleasant to write about, and
there is the Bohemian instinct. I have changed my mind.
People who are acquainted with them tell me that no
novice needs an introduction when he experiences one of
those planetary ague-thrills. He knows it as well as if
he had been rocked in the same cradle and brought up
with an earthquake all his life. It jars his ideas of
earthly stability all to pieces. Who is it says that the
globe is swung by a golden chain out from the throne
of God, and that sometimes a careless angel on some
errand bound, just touches that chain with the tip of his
long wings, and it vibrates through all its links, and so
we have the little shiver men call earthquake? I fancy
that writer regarded the phenomenon through the long-
range telescope of sentimental poetry. " Let us have
peace."
40 BETWEEN THE GATES.
The tribes and nations of bright-hued flowers every-
where are wonderful to behold. No chasm so dark, no
mountain so rude, that these fearless children of Eden
are not there. They smile back at you with their quaint
faces from rugged spots where a Canada thistle would
have a tug for its life. They ring blue-bells at you.
They salute you with whole belfries of pink and purple
chimes. They swing in delicate necklaces from grim
rocks. They flare like little flames in unexpected places.
You see old favorites of the household magnified and
glorified almost beyond recognition. It is as if a poor
little aster should full like the moon and be a dahlia.
The inmates of the Eastern conservatories are running
about wild, like children freed from school. And it does
not look eflfeminate to see a broad-breasted, wrinkled
rock with a live posy in its button-hole. I think every
human bosom, however rude and rough, has some sweet
little flower of thought or memory or affection that it
wears and cherishes, though no man knows it. Let us
have charity.
Hark! There is nothing to hear! The engines run
as still as your grandmother's little wheel with her foot
on the treadle. The tandem team is holding its breath
a little. It is not exactly /aa7 is est descensus Averni, but
in plain talk we are going down hill. We are making for
the Laramie Plains. They open out before us into four
thousand square miles of wild pasture. They sweep from
the Black Hills to the range of the Medicine Bow.
Where are your Kohinoors, your " mountains of light,"
now? Yonder are the gorgeous Sultans, the Diamond
Peaks cut by the great Lapidary of the Universe. And
yet they may be tents, those radiant cones, pitched by
WONDERLAND TO BUGLE CASoN. 41
celestial shepherds on that lofty height. Did evei' earthly
pastures have such regal watch and ward? See there,
away beyond the jeweled encampment, where the Snow}^
Range lifts into the bright air, as if it were a ghostly
echo of the Diamond Peaks at hand.
All the country is rich in mineral wealth as a thou-
sand government mints. The Bank of England, "the Old
Lady of Threadneedle street," could lay the very founda-
tions of her building upon a specie basis should she move
it hither. Those suspicious holes far up the mountain sides
and away down in the valleys, with their chronic yawn
of darkness, are not the burrows of beai's nor the dens
of beclawed and bewhiskered creatures that make night
hideous with complaint. They are the entrances to mines
of gold, silver, copper, lead and cinnabar. Cinnabar is
the red- faced mother of white quicksilver, but she has a
ruddy daughter that inherits the family complexion. You
have seen her on sweeter kissing places than these rude
mountain heights. She shows at times upon a woman's
cheek, and her name is Vermilion.
You see all along, ruined castles, solitary towers, tri-
umphal columns, dismantled battlements, broken arches,
some red as with perpetual sunset, and some gray with
the grime of uncounted years. At the mouth of that
cafion, far up the crags, stands a Gibraltar of desolation,
a speechless city where no smokes pillar to the skies, no
wheels jar the rocky streets, no banners float from min-
aret or dome. It is the city of No-man's-land. Its
builders are the volcanic blacksmiths. How the forges
roared and glowed to make it! Its sculpture is the work
of frost and rain and time. It has been founded a thou-
sand years.
2*
42 BETWEEN THE GATES.
The coarse bunches of buffalo grass dot the plains here
and there. A mule would carry his ears at "trail arras"
if it were offered him for breakfast, but it is sweet to
the raspy tongues of the beef-cattle of the wilderness. It
is the buffalo's correlative: first the grass, then the beast.
Where are the stately herds, fronted like the curly-headed
god of wine or the Numidian lion, that in columns myriad
strong trampled out ground-thunder as they marched?
Gone to gratify the greed of lawless butchers who turned
a ton of beef into a vulture's dinner for the sake of a
dozen pounds of tongue. Cowper's man who shot the
trembling hare was a prince to such fellows.
Sage-brush has the freedom of the desert, highland
and lowland. You see its clumps of green everywhere.
It is the rank seasoning, the summer-?«Jsavory for the
sage-hen. Though without beauty, you regard it with
affection. It was the fuel of the old pioneers. It has
cooked the buffalo-steak, and boiled the coffee, and baked
the wheaten cake. Women with babes in their arms
have gathered around the sage-brush fire in the chill
nights and thanked God. Strange, indeed, that the more
we receive the more ungrateful we grow! And there are
the cactuses, the green pincushions of the desert, the points
all ready to the heedless hand.
By Point of Rocks, where stand the columns of the
American Parthenon, four hundred feet high, a thousand
feet in the air, and grander than any Grecian ruin that
ever crumbled; over Green river, lighted up by its fine
green shale McAdam as an old pasture brightens in May;
through clefts where rock and ridge run riot; sunless
gorges where crags frown down upon the train from the
top of the sky; swinging from cliff to cliff, as spiders float
WONDERLAND TO BUGLE CAlSON. 43
on their flying bridges; booming through snow-sheds, witli
their flitter of sunshine; on tracks looped around upon
themselves like love-knots for Vulcan; railroad above you
and railroad below; by giants' clubs, and bishops' mitres,
and Cleopatra's Needles, and Pompey's Pillars, and mono-
liths of Pyramids older than Cheops, founded with a
breath and builded with a touch; up on the swell and
down in the trough of the boisterous old mountains, as
a ship rides the sea; past the mouths of grim cafions that
swallow the day; through tunnels of midnight that never
knew dawn; cutting flourish and capital, swings the long,
supple train.
Through a gate in the Wahsatch Mountains we plunge
into Echo Canon and Utah together; Utah, the tenth sov-
ereignty on our route from New York; Utah, Turkey the
second, and the land of harems — much as if you should
bind up a leaf or two of the Koran with the books of
Moses — a region where the Scripture is reversed, and one
man lays hold of seven women. You look to see the red
fez and the Turkish veil, and you do see dwellings with
a row of front doors that seem to have been added, one
after another, as the new brides came into the family;
a door a bride, which is pretty much all the adoration
any of the poor creatures get.
Yonder, in a row before a house with three doors, sit
a man and three women, and around them a group of
children of assorted lengths, like the strings of David's
harp. Here, for the first time, I see a Mormon store with
its sanctimonious sign. It almost seems to talk through
its nose at you with the twang that often issues from an
empty head and seldom from a full heart, and it whines
these words: "Holiness to the Lord" — here the picture
44 BETWEEN THE GATES.
of an eye — "Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution,"
and the profits of it are the prophet's, and his name was
Brigham Young.
The train is just swinging around a bold battlement
of rock, beside which Sir Christopher Wren's St. Paul's
would be nothing more than the sexton's cottage. You
see at its base a well-worn wagon-road, that looks enough
like a bit of an old New York thoroughfare to be an emi-
grant. It is the stage road and trail of the elder time.
You catch a glimpse of irregular heaps of stone piled
upon the edge of the precipice five hundred feet aloft.
They are the solid shot of the Mormon artillery. Twenty
years ago, when the United States troops were marching
to Salt Lake, with inquisitive bayonets, curious to know
whether the Federal Government included the heathen-
dom as well as the Christendom of the United States,
they must pass by that rugged throat of a road, and
under the frown of the mountain, and here the Nauvoo
Legion proposed to crush them with a tempest of rock,
but the army halted by the way and the ammunition
remains.
The train seems hopelessly bewildered. It makes for
a mountain wall eight hundred feet high, just doubles it
by a hand's-breadth, sweeps around a curve, plunges into
a gorge that is so narrow you think it must strangle
itself if it swallows the train; red rocks everywhere huge
as great thunder-clouds touched by the sun, and big
enough for the kernel of such a baby planet as Mars;
monuments, graven by the winds; terraces, along whose
mighty steps the sun goes up to bed; the glow of his
crimson sandal on the topmost stair, and it is twilight in
the valley and midnight in the gorge. It is a fearful
WONDEELAND TO BUGLE CASON^. 45
nightmare of stone giants. Weird witches in gray groups,
whispering together in the hollow winds of the moun-
tains; witches' bottles for high revel; Egyptian tombs;
fortresses that can never be stormed. Yonder, a thousand
years ago, they were launching a ship six hundred feet
high in the air, but it holds fast to " the ways " still !
Its stately red bow carries a cedar at the fore for a flag.
It is a craft without an admiral. Some day an earth-
quake out of business will turn shipwright, put a shoulder
to the hull, and leviathan will be seen no more.
If you want to reduce yourself to a sort of human
duodecimo, handy to carry in the pocket, you can effect
the abridgment as you make the plunge with bated breath
into the canon. It is a splendid day, old Herbert's sky
above and a Titanic carnival below. Echo Canon, where
voices answer voice from clifi' and wall and chasm, and
talk all around the jagged and gnarled and crushed hori-
zon. Just the place for Tennyson's bugle;
"The Bpleudur falls on castle walls,
And snowy summits old in story—"
and here is Castle Rock, with its red lintels and its gray
arches, and the mighty Cathedral that no man has builded,
with its sculptures and its towers; and yonder is the
Pulpit, ten thousand tons of stone heaved up a hundred
feet into the air, where Gog and Magog might stand and
be pigmies; and there are the white lifts of the Wah-
satch Range:
"The long light shakes across the lakes,
And the wild cataract leaps in glory.
Blow, bugle, blow, set the wild echoes flying.
Blow, bugle; answer, echoes, dying, dying, dying.
"O, hark, O hear! how thin and clear.
And thinner, clearer, farther going!
46 BETWEEN THE GATES.
O, sweet and far from clifl' and scar
The horns of Elfland faintly blowing!
Blow, let us hear the purple gleus replying:
Blow, bugle; answer, echoes, dying, dying, dying — " ^
and here are glen and cliff, and here is Elfland. The
engine gives a single scream, and airy trains are answer-
ing from crag and crown, from gulf and rock, as if
engines had turned eagles and taken wing from a hun-
dred mountain eyries.
" O love, they die in yon rich sky,"
and here is that same sky above us, affluent with the
flowing gold of the afternoon sun; an unenvious sky that
lets you look through into heaven itself; an ethereal
azure like the glance of a blue-eyed angel;
"They faint on hill, on field, on river;"
and here beside us the Weber River rolls rejoicing, and
the hills are not casting their everlasting shadows upon
us like the veil of the temple that could not be rent.
And then come the last lines, that, thanks unto God, are
true the world over:
"Owr echoes roll from soul to soul,
And grow forever and forever.
Blow, bugle, blow, set the wild echoes flying.
And answer, echoes, answer, dying, dying, dying."
Let the lyric be known as the Song of Echo Canon. In
my memory the twain will be always one.
This being afraid of a motionless rock when there is
no more danger of its falling than there is of the moon
crushing your hat in, is a new feeling, and yet it is an
emotion akin to fear. So vast, so rude, so planetary in
magnitude, such ghostly and ghastly and unreal shapes,
you fancy some enchantment holds strange beings locked
WONDERLAND TO BUGLE CAffON. 47
in stone; that, some day, there will be a general jail-
delivery, and the spell will be broken. To me, as I re-
member that valley of illusions, they seem the monstrous
petrifications of a wild and riotous imagination. I am
glad I saw that huge stoneyard of the gods, but I have
no desire to dwell in it. To have heard a bugle blown
in it would have been something to remember, but I
should have wanted it to sound " boots and saddles," and
then be the first man to mount. To carry those boulders
about mentally requires an atlas of a fancy, so I will
just leave them where I found them, monuments to the
memory of patient centuries and imperishable power.
Weber River and the Pacific train are both doing their
best to get out of these enchanted mountains, but they
stand before us, and close up behind us, and draw in
around us, and offer us gorges to hide in, and water to
drown in, and gulfs to tumble in, and anvils to dash our
brains out, and — there! the escape is accomplished! The
rugged canon vanishes like a dream of the night, and a
valley of surpassing loveliness, sweet as the vale of Ras-
selas or Avoca, a little parlor of the Lord, guarded by
gentle mountains and carpeted with the fine tapestry of
cultivation, and dwelt in by peace, has taken us in.
Have you ever, when walking along a woodland path in
i summer night, discovered a dewdrop at your feet by
the light of a star that shone in it? So is that valley,
fallen amid those scenes of ruggedness and wonder.
CHAPTER IV.
THE DESERT, THE DEVIL AND CAPE HORN.
" rr^HE Thousand-mile Tree!'' So cried everybody.
-■- There it stands beside the track, with its arras in
their evergreen sleeves spread wide in perennial greeting.
A thousand miles from Omaha and twenty-five hundred
from New York. No stately tree with a Mariposa ambi-
tion, yet, after the Oak of the Charter and the Elm of
the Treaty, few on the continent are worthier of historic
fame. Forty years ago, defended round about by two
thousand miles of wilderness, a wilderness as broad as
the face of the moon at the full ! To-day it is almost
like the tree of knowledge, " in the midst of the garden."
The articulate lightnings run to and fro upon their sin-
gle rail, almost within reach of its arms, from Ocean to
Ocean. Hamlets and cities make the transit of the wil-
derness like Venus crossing the sun. Millions of eyes
shall look upon it with a sentiment of affection. It stands
in its vigorous life for the Thousandth Milepost on the
route of Empire.
Why so many grand things in the. Far West go to
the Devil by default nobody knows. I think it high
time he proved his title. Thus, " Devil's Gate " names a
Gothic pass in the cleft mountains, through which, be-
tween rocky portals lifting up and up to the snow-line,
the mad and crested waters of the Weber River plunge
in tumultuous crowds. They seem a forlorn hope storm-
48
THE DESERT, THE DEVIL AND CAPE HORN. 49
ing some tremendous Ticonderoga. " The Devil's Slide "
is a Druidical raceway seven hundred feet up on the
mountain side, twelve feet wide, pitched at an angle of
fifty degrees, and dry as a powder-house. It is bounded
by parallel blocks of granite lifted upon their edges, and
projecting from the mountain from twenty to forty feet.
A ponderous piece of work, but who was the stone-mason?
Instead of being a slide, it seems to me about such a
THOUSAND-MILE TREE.
pig-trough as Cedric the Saxon would have hewn, in the
days before "hog" turned "pork" and "calf" was "veal."
If it belongs to the Devil at all, it must have been the
identical table-ware he pitched after the herd of possessed
swine that ran down into the sea, and here it lies high
and dry even until this day.
At Ogden we take the Silver Palace-cars of the Cen-
tral Pacific. Let nobody forget what toil, danger, priva-
tion, death and clear grit it cost to bring the twenty
miles an hour within human possibilities; that everything
from a pound of powder and a pickax to a railroad bar
8
60 BETWEEN THE GATES.
followed the track of the whalers of old Nantucket and
doubled Cape Horn; a hundred miles and a lift of seven
thousand feet heavenward ; a hundred miles and not a drop
to drink for engine or engineer; a thousand miles and
hardly an Anglo-Saxon dweller. Two thousand feet of
solid granite barred the way upon the mountain top
where eagles were at home. The Chinese Wall waS a toy
beside it. It could neither be surmounted nor doubled,
and so they tunneled what looks like a bank-swallow's
hole from a thousand feet below. Powder enough was
expended in persuading the iron crags and cliffs to be a
thoroughfare to fight half the battles of the Revolution.
It was in its time the topmost triumph of engineering
nerve and skill in all th6 world. It stitched the East and
the West lovingly together, and who shall say that we are
not a United States?
The level rays of the setting sun glorified the scene
as we steamed out a few miles, until at our left, a sea of
glass, lay the Great Salt Lake, a fishless sea, and as full
of things in " um " as an old time Water Cure used to
be of isms, with its calcium, magnesium and sodium. A
man cannot drown in it comfortably. No decent bird
will swim in it. If Jonah, the i-unaway minister, had
been pitched into it, that lake would have tumbled him
ashore before he had time to take lodgings at the sign of
*' The Whale." It absolutely rejects everything but some-
thing in " wm." It ought to be the " dulce domum " for
Lot's wife. Everybody passes Promontory Point in the
night, the memorable spot where, on that May day, 1869,
the East and the West were wedded, and the blows that
sent home the spikes of silver and gold securing the last
rail in the laurel were repeated by lightning at Wash-
THE DESERT, THE DEVIL AND CAPE HORJf. 51
ington and San Francisco, in the length of a heart-beat;
blow for blow, from the Potomac to the Pacific. Think
of echo answering echo through a sweep of more than
three thousand miles! All in all, after the signing of the
Declaration of Independence, it was the most impressive
and thoughtful ceremony that ever graced the continent.
It was electric with the spirit of the New Era.
Tally Eleven ! We are in Nevada, eleventh sovereignty
from the Atlantic seaboard. We have struck the Great
American Desert. I wish I could give, with a few brief
touches, the scenery of the spreads of utter desolation,
strangely relieved by glimpses of valleys of clover that
smell of home, and conjure up the little buglers of the
dear East, that in their black and buff trimmed uniforms
and their rapiers in their coat-tail pockets, used to cam-
paign it over the fields of white clover where we all
went Maying; sights of little islands of bright greenery,
as at Humboldt, as much the gift of irrigation as Egypt
is of the Nile; great everlasting clouds of mountains,
tipped as to their upper edges with snow as with an eter-
nal dawn; patches ghastly white with alkali as if earth
were a leper, and yellow with sulphur as if the brimstone
fire of the Cities of the Plain had been raining here, and
salt had been sown and the ground accursed forever.
Tumble in upon these alkali plains a few myriads of
the buffalo that have been wantonly slaughtei-ed, and
with the steady fire of the unwinking, unrelenting, lid-
less sun that glares down upon the dismal scene as if
he would like to stare it out of existence, you would
have the most stupendous soap- fad or ij in the universe, to
which the establishments of the Colgates and the Babbitts
would be as insignificant as the little inverted conical
62 BETWEEN THE GATES.
leach of our grandmothers, wherewith they did all the
hjeing the dear simple souls were guilty of.
Fancy an immense batch of wheaten dough hundreds
of miles across, wet up, perhaps, before Columbus discov-
ered America, permeating and discoloring and tumefying
in the sun through five centuries; strown with careless
handfuls of salt and sprinkles of mustard, and garnished,
like the mouth of a roasted pig, with parsley-looking
sage-brush, and tufis of withered grass, and rusty cac-
tuses, and veins of dead water sluggish as postprandial
serpents; and whiflFs of hot steam from fissures in the
unseemly and ill-omened mass; a corpse of a planet wel-
tering and sweltering, with whom gentle Time has not
yet begun; no May to quicken it, no June to glorify it,
no Autumn to gild it.
Then fancy all this in a huge basin wnose red and
rusty rim, broken and melted out of shape, you see here
and there in the northern horizon — fancy all this, and
yet there is nothing but "the sight of the eyes" that
will " afiFect the heart." Miners and mountain men have
been lavishly liberal in giving things to the Devil. If
he must have something in the way of estate, give him
this bleached batch of desert dough for his own con-
sumption !
You will take notice that in this description of waste
places I have not mentioned Tadmor nor ^ alluded to
Thebes. A man cannot very well be reminded of things
he never saw; neither have I quoted anything from Os-
sian about lonely foxes and disconsolate thistles waving
in the wind. All these things have been mentioned once
or twice, and the American Desert needs no foreign im-
portations of Fingals to make it poetically horrible.
THE DESERT, THE DEVIL AND CAPE HORN". 53
You nave gone over it in a palace. You have eaten
from tables that would be banquets in the great centres
of civilization. You have slept upon a pleasant couch
"with none to molest or make you afraid." You have
drank water tinkling with ice like the chime of sleigh-
bells in a winter night — water brought from mountains
fifteen, twenty, thirty miles away. You have retired
without weariness and risen without anxiety. Now, I
want you to remember the men and women without
whom there would be nothing worth seeing that could
be seen, on the Pacific Slope; the men and women who
crossed these plains in wagons whose very ivheels clamored
for water as they creaked; those men and women who
toiled on through this realm of disaster, parched, fam-
ished, dying yet not despairing, to whom every day was
only another child of the Summer Solstice, and who said
every morning, "Would to God it were night!" Some
made their graves by the way, and some lived to look
upon the Pacific sea, and I want you to believe that in
our time there has never been a sturdier manhood,
a ruggeder resolution, a more Miles Standish sort of
courage, than marked the career of the pioneers to the
West.
Tally Twelve! Twelfth empire from the Atlantic.
Less than three hundred miles from the Pacific. We are
in California — the old Spanish land of the fiery furnace.
The turbaned mountains rise to the right, and the dark
cedars and pines in long lines single file, like Knight
Templars in circular cloaks, seem marching up the
heights.
You feel, somehow, that though not a pine-needle
vibrates, the wind must be " blowing great guns," so to
54 BETWEEN THE GATES.
ruffle up and chafe the solid world. Across ravines that
sink away to China like a man falling in a nightmare,
and then the swooning chasms suddenly swell to cliffs
and heights gloomy with evergreens and bright with
Decembers that never come to Christmas, the train pur-
sues its assui'ed way like a comet. It circles and swoops
and soars and vibrates like a sea-eagle when the storm
is abroad. Mingled feelings of awe, admiration and sub-
limity possess you. Sensations of flying, falling, climbing,
dying, master you. The sun is just rising over your left
shoulder. It touches up the peaks and towers of ten
thousand feet, till they seem altars glowing to the glory
of the great God. You hold your breath as you dart out
over the gulfs, with their dizzy samphire heights and
depths. You exult as you ride over a swell. Going up,
you expand. Coming down, you shrink like the kernel of
a last year's filbert. We are in the Sierras Nevada! The
teeth of the glittering saws with their silver steel of ever-
lasting frost cut their way up through the blue air — up
to the snow-line — up to the angel-line between two
worlds.
It was day an instant ago, and now it is dark night.
The train has burrowed in a tunnel to escape the speech-
less magnificence. It is roaring through the snow-sheds.
It is rumbling over the bridges. Who shall say to these
breakers of sod and billows of rock, "Peace, be still!"
and the tempest shall be stayed and the globe shall be
at rest?
And all at once a snow-storm drives over your head.
The air is gray with the slanting lines of the crazy,
sleety drift. Some mountain gale that never touches the
lower world, but, like a stormy petrel, is forever on the
THE DESERT, THE DEVIL AND CAPE HORlSr.
55
wing and never making land, has caught off the white
caps and turbans from some ambitious peaks, and whipped
them whirling through the air. You clap your hands
like a boy, whose sled has been hanging by the ears in
the woodshed all summer, at his sight of the first snow.
But the howling, drifting storm goes by, and out flares
the sun, and the cliffs are crimson and silver.
You think you have climbed to the crown of the
world, but lo, there, as if broke loose from the chains of
gravitation, "Alps on Alps arise." Look away on and on,
at the white undulations to the uttermost verge of vision,
as if a flock of white-plumed mountains had taken wing
and flown away.
A chaos of summers and winters and days and nights
and calms and storms is tumbled into these gulches and
gorges and rugged seams of scars. Rocks are poised
midway gulfward that awaken a pair of perpetual won-
ders: how they ever came to stop, and how they ever got
under way. With such momentum they never should
have halted: with such inertia they never should have
66 BETWEEN THE GATES.
started. Great trees lie head-downward in the gulfs.
Shouting torrents leap up at rocky walls as if they meant
to climb them. See these herds of broad-backed recum-
l»ent hills around us, lying down like elephants to be
laden. See the bales of rocks and the howdahs of crags
heaped upon them. They are John Milton's own beasts
of burden, when he said, " elephants endorsed with towers,"
and such an endorsement should make anybody's note
good for a million.
Do you remember the old covered bridges that used
to stand with their feet in the streams like cows in mid-
summer, and had little windows all along for the fitful
checkers of light? Imagine those bridges grown to giants,
from five hundred to two thousand feet long, and strong
ai, a fort. Imagine some of them bent into immense curves
that, as you enter, dwindle away in the distance like the
inside of a mighty powder-horn, and then lay forty-five
miles of them zigzag up and down the Sierras and the
Rockies, and wherever the snow drifts wildest and deep-
est, and you have the snow-sheds of the mountains, with-
out which the cloudy pantings of the engines would be
as powerless as the breath of a singing sparrow. They
are just bridges the other side up. They are made to lift
the white winter and shoulder the avalanche. But you
can hardly tell how provoking they are sometimes, when
they clip off the prospect as a pair of shears snips a
thread, just as a love of a valley or a dread of a canon,
or something deeper or grander or higher or ruder catches
your eye, " Out, brief candle ! " and your sight is extin-
guished in a snow-shed. But why complain amid these
wonders because you have to tcink!
Summit Station is reached, with its sky parlors, and
THE DESERT, THE DEVIL AND CAPE HORN. 57
grand Mount Lincoln, from whose summit it is two miles
"plumb down" to the city by the sea, and we have a
mile and a half of it to swoop. The two engines begin
to talk a little. One says, " Brakes ! " and the other, "All
right!" "Take a rest!" says the leader. "Done!" says
the wheeler, and they just let go their nervous breaths,
and respire as gently as a pair of twin infants. The
brakes grasp the wheels like a gigantic thumb and finger,
the engines hold back in the breeching, but down we go,
into the hollows of the mountains; along craggy spines,
as angry as a porcupine's and narrow as the way to
glory; out upon breezy hills red as fields of battle; off
upon Dariens of isthmuses that inspire a feeling that
wings will be next in order. Sparks fly from the trucks
like fiery fountains from the knife-grinder's wheel, there
is a sullen gride of expostulation beneath the cars, but
down we go. Should the water freeze in the engines'
stomachs, " the law that swings worlds would whirl the
train through ! "
The country looks as if a herd of mastodons with
swinish curiosity had been turned loose to root it inside
out. It is the search for gold. Mountains have been
rummaged like so many potato-hills. When pickax and
powder and cradles fail, and the " wash-bowl on my
knee " becomes what Celestial John talks — broken China
— then as yonder! Do you see those streams of water
playing from iron pipes upon the red hill's broad side?
They are bombarding it with water, and washing it all
away. The six-inch batteries throw water about as solid
under the pressure as cannon-shot. A blow from it would
kill you as quick as the club of Hercules. Boulders
dance about in it like kernels in a corn-popper. I give
68 BETWEEN THE GATES.
the earnest artillerymen a toast: "Success to the douche!
The heavier the nugget the lighter the heart."
The train is swaying from side to side along 'the
ridges, like a swift skater upon a lake. It is four
thousand feet above the sea. It shoulders the mountains
to the right and left. It swings around this one, and
doubles back upon that one like a hunted fox, and drives
bows-on at another like a mad ship. Verily, it is the
world's high-tide! You have been watching a surly old
giant ahead. There is no climbing him, nor routing
him, nor piercing him; but the engines run right on as
if they didn't see him. Everybody wears an air of
anxious expectancy. We know we are nearing the spot
where they let men down the precipice by ropes from
the mountain-top, like so many gatherers of samphire,
and they nicked and niched a foothold in the dizzy wall,
and carved a shelf like the ledge of a curved mantel-
piece, and scared away the eagles to let the train swing
I'ound.
The mountains at our left begin to stand oflF, as if to
get a good view of the catastrophe. The broad canons
dwindle to galleries and alcoves, with the depth and the
distance. You look down upon the top of a forest, upon
a strange spectacle. It resembles a green and crinkled
sea full of little scalloped billows, as if it had been
overlaid with shells shading out from richest emerald to
lightest green. J^ature is making ready for something.
The road grows narrower and wilder. It ends in empty
air There is nothing beyond but the blue! And yet
the engines pull stolidly on.
Down brakes! We have reached the edge of the
world, and beyond is the empyrean! You stand upon
THE DESERT, THE DEVIL AND CAPE HORN. 59
the platform. The engines are out of sight. They are
gone. The train doubles the headland, halts upon the
frontlet of Cape Horn ! — clings to the face of the preci-
pice like a swallow's-nest.
The Grand Canon is beneath you. It opens out as
with visible motion. The sun sweeps aslant the valley
,like a driving rain of gold, and strikes the side of the
mountain a thousand feet from the base. There, twenty-
five hundred feet sheer down, and that means almost a
half mile of precipice, flows in placid beauty the Ameri-
can River. You ventl^re to the nervous verge. You see
two parallel hair-lines in the bottom of the valley. They
are the rails of a narrow-gauge railroad. You see bushes
that are trees, martin-boxes that are houses, broidered
handkerchiefs that are gardens, checked counterpanes that
.are fields, cattle that are cats, sheep that are prairie-
dogs, sparrows that are poultry. You look away into the
unfloored chambers of mid-air with a pained thought that
the world has escaped you, has gone down like a setting
star, has died and left you alive ! Then you can say with
John Keats upon a far different scene, when he opened
Chapman's magnificent edition of Homer:
"Then felt I like some watcher of the skies
When a new planet swims into his ken;
Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes
He stared at the Pacific, and all his men
Looked at each other with a wild surmise —
Silent upon a peak in Darien."
Queer people travel. Returning to the car I saw a
broad-gauge Teuton, with the complacent bovine expres-
sion of a ruminating cow, eating a musical Bologna
lunch of " linked sweetness long drawn out," and I said
to*him, "Did you see Cape Horn?" "Cabe Hornd? Vat
60
BETWEEN THE GATES.
is she?''^ One of those difficult old-bachelor questions
that will never find anybody to answer. Everything in
this world but sausage and lager
"A yellow primrose was to him,
And it was nothing more."
CHAPTER V.
FEOM WINTER TO SUMMER.
A CALIFORNIA train is a human museum. Here now,
upon ours, are the stray Governor of Virginia, an
army captain going to his company in Arizona, a trader
from the Sandwich Islands, a woman from New Zealand,
a clergyman in search of a pastorate, an invalid looking
for health, a pair of snobs, Mongolians with tails depend-
ing from between their ears, the proprietor of an Oregon
salmon-fishery, a gold-digger, a man whose children were
born in Canton while his wife lived in San Francisco,
some Shoshones and dogs in the baggage car, and a fam-
ily who ate by the day, breakfasted, dined, supped, lunched,
picked and nibbled without benefit of clergy. It would
take a chaplain in full work just to "say grace" for
that party. Victuals and death were alike to them. Both
had "all seasons for their own." They ate straight across
the continent. If they continue to make grist-mills of
themselves, crape for that family will be in order at an
early day.
At some station in the Desert where we halted for
water, there sat, huddled upon the platform, some Sho-
shone Indians, about as gaudy and filthy as dirt and red
blankets could make them, and papooses near enough
like little images of Hindoo gods to be cousins to the
whole mythology. One of the squaws, with an ashen
61
62 BETWEEN THE GATES.
gray face and white hair, a forehead like a hawk's, an
eye like a lizard's, an arm like a ganglion of fiddle-
strings, and a claw of a hand, looked to be a hundred
years old, and her voice was as hollow as if she had an
inverted kettle for the roof of her mouth, and talked
under it. Near by, on the same platform, an English-
man was pacing to and fro, putting down his well-shod
feet as if he had taken the country in the name of the
queen of 'ome and the Empress of India. A Frenchman,
in a round cap with a tassel to it, stands with the wind
astern and his brow bent like a meditative Bonaparte,
trying to light a twisted roll of paper in the hollow of
his hand. Two Chinamen in blue, broad-sleeved blouses,
their shiny black cues swinging behind like bell-ropes in
mourning, stood near, shying their ebony almonds at the
whole scene. On the track, waiting for a shake of the
bridle, waited the engine, breathing a little louder now
and then, like a man turning over in his sleep.
Regarded with thoughtful eyes, the grouping was
impressive. Here in the Desert, as far away from blue
water as they could possibly get, standing upon the same
hundred square feet of platform, were Mongolians from
the pagoda-land of "the drowsy East," aborigines from
the heart of the continent, men from Fatherland and
Motherland, and the lands of the lilies, the storks, the
long nights, the broad days and the — interrogation-points,
all met and mingled here for a little minute, and the
cause of it is the wonder of it. There it stands upon the
track. It is number 110. It is the locomotive, at once
a beast of burden, a royal charger, a civilizer and a cir-
cuit-rider.
At stations throughout the way, in places unutterably
FROM WINTER TO SUMMER. 63
dismal and desolate, wagon roads, stage routes and horse
trails make for the mountains. No man not gifted with
geological eyes, which means a pair of organs that can
see through millstones before they are picked,, would ever
suspect what floods of disguised mercury, what billions
of blue-pills and boluses, what caverns of honest silver,
what spangled nuggets of clean gold, what Pactolian sands,
what wealth of agates of price, what life-giving springs,
what Cracows of salt, what fountains of soda, lurk in all
impossible places, as if the planet had gone into bank-
ruptcy and hidden its assets in these regions. You pass
through a place without knowing it whence seventy-five
millions of pure gold have been taken, with a two-mill-
ion income to-day, and the world is there still — not so
much as an eyelet-hole through it.
Unless you have been made cosmopolitan by travel,
the Overland Voyage gives you a lonely far-away feeling
it will puzzle you to describe. The air is so clear, the
horizon so broad, the world so strange, the tune of life
keyed two or three notes higher than you ever played it
before, that you catch yourself wishing for a lounge on
some old native sod where, if your name is not " McGregor,"
at least it is Richard when he was ^''himself again," beneath
a rock maple that gives you sugar in April, shade in
June and beauty in October.
We have rounded Cape Horn! Grand Pacific, good
morn! Rattling down the ridges, bringing up with a
sweep in niches of valleys, like a four-in-hand before
stage-houses with room for the cut of a figure 8. A
half-mile down and one hundred and ninety-three out,
and there is The Golden Gate. We are plunging into a
carnival of flowers. They hold up their dear little faces
«
64 . BETWEEN THE GATES.
everywhere to be admired, and why not? Snow-storm in
the morning and midsummer at noon! Read over the
old stories of the Arabian Nights, and believe evei-y Avord
of them. The chaparral of little evergreen oaks shows
bright along the hills, and the air is sweet with the white
blossoms. You pass settlements of a tree that has orig-
inal ways of its own. Like the Manzanita tree, it does
not grow in Webster's Dictionary. It is the Madrona. It
has no fall of the leaf, but it strips off its clothes like
a boy bound for a swim, for it slips out of its old bark
and is fitted to a new suit. It borrowed the fashion from
the Garden of Eden. Its wood is crooked enough for a
politician, and it has as much the look of a foreign land
as a date-palm. Many trees and shrubs in California are
evergreen, though there is nothing about them to make
you suspect it, and the reason they are, is that the
weather is so wonderful from January to December they
never know the proper time to shed their leaves, and so
"wear green on their coats" and never change their
clothes all the year roundj
The valley of the Sacramento is a garden, and Sacra-
mento is the " urbs in Jiorto " of it. It is our first glimpse
of the Celestial Flowery Kingdom of the Christian world.
Roses never die. Rare exotics that we at the East cher-
ish as if they were infants, and bend over like new-made
fathers and mothers, are distrained for conservatory rent
and turned out-of-doors. The white dome of the State
Capitol rises like a pale planet above the green surges
and waving banners of semi-tropic luxuriance — a planet
with one mansion, the Temple of Liberty, and one inhab-
itant, an unprotected female, Power's Genius of California,
FROM WINTER TO SUMMER. 65
and the blue dome of Mount Diablo lifts in the far
hoi'izon.
These are the spacious parlors with their seventeen
thousand square miles, and all carpeted with beauty from
the silver Sierras " at the eastward of Eden " to the thin
apparition of the Coast Range in the West. The orange
blossoms are abroad, and the fruit is as golden as the three
pawnbroker planets, and as green as a walnut in its first
round-about, all at once. They that dwell here sit under
their own vine and fig-tree, and the palm waves over
their heads. The stately orchards of live-oaks, in their
chapeaux of green, stand at ease in the picture, to coun-
terfeit the royal parks of Old England. The Sacramento
River wanders down on the way to the sea, while cloudlets
of steam and flicker of flag and of wing mark the route.
Taste and wealth have conspired with Nature. There is
no fairer landscape between the Tropics.
And what a blessed country for Don Quixote! How
" the knight of the sorrowful countenance " would brighten
at sight of California! The Castilian Alexander sighing
for more windmills to conquer, would have them here.
Every well-ordered family may keep a dog, a cat, or some
children, but the windmill is sure to be the pet of the
household. It is an odd sight, fifty windmills in a broad
landscape, all going at once; some painted green as dragon-
flies, some red, white and blue; these with hoods, those
with their arms bare to the shoulder; facing different
ways, looking square at you, or askance, or not seeing
you at all. Insects out of some gigantic entomology,
whirling their antennae at you, to beckon you or frighten
you, or halt you or start you. Then with a little whisk
of wind, one will whip about like a cat and front the
66 BETWEEN THE GATES.
other way. Some of them have tails like a fish. Others,
in the rolling country, have long slender bodies of wooden
aqueducts that suggest devirs-darning-needles, only they
have long, thin legs, sometimes four, and then a dozen,
just to keep their dropsical bodies at the right altitude
for irrigation. These fellows turn their heads like hooded
owls on a perch, and it would not astonish you much to
see any of them develop wings and fly away, if only it
was not your way. They are as thick in California as
the little white and yellow butterflies around a wet place
in the road. It would have puzzled Agassiz to classify
them, but they are the home-made rain-storms of the Cal-
ifornia summer. Look at those coppery hills yonder, dried
to tinder point. See the dust, fine as Scotch mist, rolling
around the wagons and enveloping them in clouds as
was old -^neas. But how brilliant the green fields, how
new the flowers, how glittering the trees, how rank the
corn fi'esh from
the baptism of the
precious bugs of
windmills. How
sweet the air as
with the smell of
rain! This is a
rainless land from ''~"^^'^' '*4.1|.WP*^'^ '■J>DyQu^xore^7^'<*'"^^
spring to fall, but like other Ships of State it runs by
wind and water all the same.
You plunge into a tunnel a thousand feet long, are
gone a minute in a kind of short night with noon at one
end of it and sunshine at the other. You emerge into
valley after valley with picturesque halls between, the
mountains keeping company as you go. Diablo draws
FROM WINTER TO SUMMER. 67
near, gashed with gorges, his robe of mountain blue folded
away, and the cowl of a ghostly Franciscan flung over his
head. The salt sea breezes, such as Dibdin could have
sung a rousing song about, come rushing up to welcome
the stranger from the alkali air and the shimmering heat
and the giddy heights and the everlasting snow. There
are pansies by the way, broad-faced like little moons —
pansies, and that's for thought of thankfulness. There are
poppies scattered abroad — poppies, and that's for forget-
fulness of all things that weary. There are wild lupins,
true blue, and buttercups that take you back to child-
hood and home pastures, where the reflected tint of the
floral gold upon your chin told the secret of your love,
not of beauty but of butter. At last! the bay of San
Francisco, with its gems of islands, its waters doubling
the flags of all nations; the Queen, with her face to the
Golden Gate, and her hair wet with the breath of the
Pacific. It is seven miles to San Francisco. Say it is
one of the finest voyages you ever made. Thank God
you are yet in the United States. There floats the twin
of the flag you left three thousand miles ago. The denser,
richer, more gracious air comes to you like a familiar
friend.
But let us not ride high-horses to bed. The sun is
sliding down into what you never saw it drown in before
— the Pacific Ocean. The last time you saw it meet with
a like calamity, it fell into Lake Michigan. It has strength
enough left to show what manner of person you are: as
dusty as an elephant, a smutch on your face, a kink in
your hat, and your ungloved hand shaded like some smoky
work of the old masters. Let us leave scenery for soap,
and beauty for broom brushes.
68 BETWEEN THE GATES.
The car is an aggravated case of the First of May.
Everybody is making ready to move. Leather valises, cot-
ton trunks, carpet-bags of the style that it takes two to
show the pattern, are repacked, the wrecks and bones of
departed luncheons tossed from the window, cloaks and
wraps shaken out of wrinkle, traveling-caps wadded and
pocketed. Dusky porters are alert, whisking half dollars
from coats with a wisp-broom, leaving the dust undis-
turbed, as if they thought California tourists carried the
sacred ashes of their forefathers about with them. A
woman is polishing her front hair with a licked finger.
One mother is washing a family of three with Desde-
mona's handkerchief.
Everybody is going everywhere, one to Puget Sound,
that looked very dim and other- worldish on the old maps;
another to the Halls of the Montezumas, where the grand
old hero of Lundy's Lane went; a third to Japan. You
open upon a new page of the geography, and hear more
names of far-away regions in an hour than you ever
heard in your life. They talk in a neighborly way of up
the coast to Oregon, and down the coast to Callao, and
over to Honolulu, as if it were just across a four-rod
street.
The train runs through Oakland, a lovely live-oak
suburb of San Francisco, thirty thousand strong, where
a thousand houses a year has been the recent rate of
growth. You catch a glimpse of the tropical glories. You
see hedges of fuchsias and walls of scarlet geraniums
twelve feet high, blazing like the Burning Bush. You
see walls of evergreen carved into arches and alcoves
and gateways, as if they were green marble. You see
the California quail in his neat uniform and his quaint
FROM WINTER TO SUMMER. 69
crest running about the door-yards of the city, as domes-
tic as witty-legged bantams. You see bits of velvet lawn
as emei-ald as emeralds, and intense as green fire. You
see ealla-lilies as large and i^ure as holy chalices. You
see a cloud of foliage on a distant hill as blue as if a bit
of clear sky had fallen down upon green trees and dyed
them the color of heaven. It is the blue gum-tree. You
see Australian shrubbery that never knows it is an exile.
At last you go to sea on the cars. You run three
miles out in salt water upon a pier. You are in the
midst of ocean-going ships, and saucy tugs, and fishing-
smacks and rollicking jolly-boats. Men-of-war lie quiet
with cables in their noses and anchors at the end of
them, nasal charms of gigantic dimensions. You see the
double-headed fowl of the imperial standard of the Czar,
and the tricolor of France, and the tawny moon of Japan
in a brick-red sky, and the calico-pattern of the Hawaiian
Islands, and the splendid flag you were born under, more
beautiful than all. You hear fitful blasts of music from
the distant decks. You see lines of ports like the finger-
holes of flutes along the ships' sides. They are the bur-
rows of thunder and lightning.
The little company here separate. Good-byes and
good wishes interchange, and we part with a figurative
" cup of kindness " at our lips, and few, I dare say, left
the train who could not have joined in the sad old song
of the "Three Friends:"
"And in fancy's wide domain
There we all shall meet again."'
I do not know Pythias, and I did not see Damon on the
train, but I do know that just in proportion as men be-
come truly human, they grow frank and friendly.
70 BKTWEEN THE GATES.
You board one of the grandest ferry-boats in Ameri-
can waters, El Capitan, vast parloi's on a bridge that
crosses while you sit still, whereon four thousand people
can be borne without a battle of the bones. Everything
is sweet and tidy as a nice little bride's first house-keep-
ing. I recall the old steamer "Nile," Commodore Blake,
that used to sail the fresh- water seas, with a pair of
golden lizards at the bow for a figure-head. It was
thought grand with its owlish saloons and its stuffy
cabins, and its hissings and sputterings and rumblings of
hot water everywhere, and its perpetual palsy like an
irritable volcano with an uneasy digestion. You could
have put the habitable part of that Nile, crocodiles and
all, into El Capitari's back parlor.
You left the runners and hackmen of the East in four-
and-twenty-blackbird rows, all their mouths wide open
like young robins, all hailing you together in gusts of
Northeasters, to ride somewhere and stay somewhere, and
they are always " going right up." Here, they meet you
on the boat. They accost you confidentially, they touch
you in a velvety way on the elbow with "kerridge, sir?"
They are "the mildest-mannered men that ever" — asked
a fare. I am not sure I quite like it. I take a kind
of malicious satisfaction in watching the howling der-
vishes, as they stand just the other side "the dead line"
of the curbstone or the rope railings, and howl. It is
delicious to think they cannot get at me and pull me
apart, and rend my baggage, and send me around to
various hotels a morsel apiece, even as they feed lions
and variegated cats in a menagerie.
CHAPTEK YI.
SAN FRANCISCO STREET SCENES.
SAN FRANCISCO! Crowned with palaces and dense
with business houses as a redwood forest, six cur-
rents of life surging along her congested streets that jar
with the endless thunder of commerce, four on the side-
walks and two on the cars; the ships of the world cour-
tesy ing through the Golden Gate and sailing into the
Bay like stately old dowagers entering the recejition-roora
of a monarch. And then remember it was a desert of
sand-dunes, strown with seaweed and white bones, and
desolate as an old African Gold Coast thirty years ago, a
time hardly long enough for a century-plant to get a
good ready for blossoming, and now more than three
hundred thousand strong, it faces both ways and con-
fronts the world!
The stranger's home is the hotel. There are lions and
lions, and no lack of them in San Francisco. The Grand,
The Lick, The Occidental, The Russ, The Baldwin, The
Cosmoix)litan, The Commercial and *The Palace. With
the affectionate republican weakness for simplicity you
go direct to The Palace. It is a house full of houses, a
kind of architectural Surinam toad that swallows un-
counted broods of little toads to keep them out of danger.
The comparison is not appetizing, but it will serve. Five
such hotels would have bought all Florida at the time of
71
72 BETWEEN THE GATES.
the Government purchase. It has seven stories, seven
hundred and fifty rooms, eighteen acres of floor, and has
broken out with bay windows till it is knobby as an old-
fashioned bank-vault door, and full of eyes as a field
of potatoes, or a peacock's tail, or an overwhelming
affirmative. If you wish to hide from an enemy who
dwells at The Palace, the safest thing to do is to board
there yourself. There is slight chance of your ever meet-
ing him. The table, attendance, rooms and prices are all
first class, but why a man is any happier on a vulgar
fraction of eighteen acres, than on some cozy corner of
an acre and a half, and why he is willing to pay more
for it, is, perhaps, a vulgar question concerning a vulgar
fraction. It is annexing a State to get a bedroom.
A certain degree of elegance comports with the com-
fort of the average man, but the elegance may attain an
uneasy magnificence, as when the luxurious pile of the
carpet you tread yields to your foot, resembling a leis-
urely stroll on an immense feather bed, or as when a
man unused to dwelling in a huge looking-glass, is con-
stantly hastening to meet himself and be introduced to
himself and be polite to himself. This incessant meeting
with the identical stranger gets monotonous after awhile,
particularly if you wish to room alone.
The bay-window order of architecture prevails to a
degree that suggests the proverb about glass houses and
geological restlessness. It is the first featui-e the stranger
observes, and it gives the city a Venetian-balconied look,
hinting moons, flutes and troubadours. You think of
Juliet when that love-lorn fanatic of a Romeo declared,
in defiance of rhetoric and gender, " and Juliet is the
sun!"
SASf FRAKClSCO STREET SCENES. 73
You have only to look at the stately fronts mile after
mile, with all the windows gracefully leaping out of
themselves, to read the weather record. They are an
almanac far more accurate than Poor Richard's. The sun
of California is a power. There is nothing to dim a fire-
fly between the king and the Californian. But the win-
dows tell you the people crave the sun. " Pleasant, shady
rooms to let," says the New York Herald. " Bright,
cheerful apartments, with the sun all day," says the San
Francisco Chronicle, though how that can be is not quite
so plain, unless you live in a lighthouse. The reason for
this love of basking is a misty reason for one so clear.
The fogs from the Pacific seldom rise a thousand feet,
and the Coast Range of mountains, lifting its magnificent
sea-wall, defends the land from these ghosts of the ocean.
But they icill drive down the Coast and chai;ge through
the Golden Gate like clouds of shadowy horse, and roll
over the city and sweep up the valleys. Again you learn
from the street fronts that demoralized glaciers never
bombard the city with hail-storms, else there would be
"a wreck of matter" and a crash of glass. You look in
vain for one of the old tallow chandler's fixed bayonets.
No thunder-clouds open ports upon San Francisco, and
you rejoice that you have escaped the lightning-rod man,
who with the book-canvasser and the insurance agent,
constitutes the three deadly sins against a quiet life.
Street life in San Francisco is a kaleidoscope that is
never at rest. There is nothing like it on the continent.
The flower-stands with their gorgeous* array, the open-
fronted alcoves fairly heaped with floral beauty, as if Eve
had just moved in and had no time to arrange her
"things"; the glimpses of bright color from leaf and
4
74 BETWEEN THE GATES.
blossom, that catch the eye everywhere, in mansion, shop
and shed; the bits of bouquets you see on draymen's
coat-collars, and blooming from broken cups in tinkers'
dens and smithies; smiling in churches in prayer-time;
adorning brides with genuine orange blossoms; strewing
coffins with everlasting June.
Then the fruit-stands that are never out of sight, with
the mosaics of beauty spread upon them, as if Pomona's
own self presided at the board. Rubies of tomatoes, plums
and cherries; varnished apples from Oregon, as cheeky
and ruddy as "a fine ould Irish gentleman"; pears,
peaches, apricots, nectarines, oranges, and those cunning
Lilliputs of lemons, the limes; strawberries, blackberries
and raspberries, that melt at a touch of your tongue;
fresh figs, looking like little dark leather purses, and full
of seeds and sugar — all these grouped upon the same
broad table; everything from all the year round but
snowballs, as if the gifts of the seasons were converged,
like sunbeams through a lens, upon one luscious spot of
summer luxury and brilliance. You halt if you are not
hungry, for you have learned that the richest beauty is
not always in the flower. You find that fruit goes by
avoirdupois; peaches are in pounds and not in pecks; that
it is not much cheaper than it is three thousand miles
away; that your dimes have turned into "short bits,"
your quarters into "two bits"; that three "bits" are
thirty-seven and a half cents, and it takes forty cents to
make it; that pennies are curiosities, and poor little nickels
nowhere; if an article is not five cents it is nothing; if
it is twelve cents it is fifteen. So you buy something at
a " bit " a bite and move on.
This is the paradise of bootblacks, the rainless-sky
SAN" FRANCISCO STREET SCENES. 75
'weather from spring to fall rendering "a shine" a good
investment. These artists on leather have little wardrobes
of affairs set against the buildings along the sidewalks,
furnished with easy-chairs and foot-rests, and often car-
peted and adorned with mirrors and pictures. At the
first glance, they remind you of the wayside niches in
foreign countries wherein some saintly image is enshrined,
but a second look, and the saint is resolved into a very
earthly piece of human ware, armed with brushes and
French polish, to make looking-glasses of your upper
leathers. And these Mother Hubbard's cupboards of places
are as good as a weather-gauge to a stranger, telling him
that the year is one long genial season, neither summer
nor winter, but the tonic of the one and the glow of the
other.
And there come some strolling players that are not
Hamlet's, to confirm the story, with their harps and fiddles
stripped of the green-baize jackets of more inclement
skies, and naked to the very bones and tendons.
You notice in the ever-moving tides of street life an
absence of the rainbow tints and the flickering white of
woman's Eastern apparel. The hues are soberer. Seldom
a day in a whole year that fur sacques, shawls and over-
coats are not in order at some hour between sunrise and
bed-time. It is July, but see the fur-trimmed garments
and the dark cloaks and the heavy veils go flitting along,
and the sun just emptying his quiver of golden arrows
all the while.
There, drawn by a span of horses, is a mill. By the
wheel, five feet in diameter, you would say it is a grist-
mill and runs by water, but the glimpse of a couple of
big dogs chained behind discloses the power that moves
76 BETWEEN THE GATES.
that wheel, for they travel in it without going an inch.
Some animals with less feet than Tray and Blanche make
incessant efforts to advance with a like result. Tied to a
post, they can travel all day without slipping the halter.
That mill is a huge machine for sharpening shears, scis-
sors, swords and chopping-knives. It has power enough
to put an edge on the battle-ax of young Lochinvar.
A couple of breezy voices with a touch of the fore-
castle in them raise a song above the din and roar and
sharp Castanet accompaniment of iron shoe and flinty
street. You turn and see something that might have
been copied out of an old English seaport picture; a pair
of tall, broad, rolling sailors in neat blue, with the flat
tasseled caps and the neckerchief in the conventional salt-
water knot. Each has but a single leg to go upon, and
you catch yourself looking to see if the missing member
is not shut up like a jack-knife, which might be the thing
for a jack-tar; but no, it is clean gone, carried away,
perhaps, by a cannon-shot, or else shut together like the
tube of a telescope. Well, the two messmates with the
one pair of legs, standing in the middle of the street,
are singing jolly old sea-songs as salt as a mackerel, and
swinging about on crutch and cane as the flakes of silver
bits rattle down upon the pavement. Passing children
bring out their dots of half dimes, and hurrying passers-
by remember the old boys of the blue roundabout. It
was a pleasant little touch of kindly feeling worth the
time it took to see it.
You miss the trim-looking fellows in belted blue, sil-
ver buttoned, becapped, armed with clubs, and blazing
with stars as big as Venus on the breasts of their coats.
They are not here, but in their stead men in gray, neither
SAN FRANCISCO STREET SCENES. 77
showy nor obtrusive. The streets are safe to walk in by
night and by day, and the city seems to a stranger to
govern itself.
Here comes a covered wagon emblazoned " Flying
Bakery" — a sort of flying battery of batter. It contains
a table, chairs, stove, cook and driver. You step aboard,
and in the turn of a hand, muf&ns are served up to you,
as light as a wisp of fog and fresh from the fire. Brisk
little two-wheelers go darting about jolly as a jaunting-
car, and they are flying butteries, laden with butter in
rolls shaped like a fruit-can, wrapped in tissue-paper and
sweet as a field of red clover. Elephantine four-in-hands
drawing huge wagons to match, are forever going and
coming. Basket phaetons i-esembling runaway cradles are
working in and out amid the great crashing wains and the
saucy coaches and the cars of all colors, as busy as red
ants in a flurry, that meet and cross and run side by
side and swing about each other in a free-and-easy fash-
ion. The streets are gridironed with tracks. You see
thoroughfares lying up against the tall horizon, steep as
a house roof, but the wagons go rattling down them at
a reckless rate. You see a car at the foot of a hill, laden
with passengers, and waiting behind a platform car with
a lever in the middle of it, and an engineer without any
engine. While you wait for the horses, that platform
starts of its own accord, and tugs the car up that hill.
It looks like a piece of witchcraft. The wooden horse of
the Arab that went by a peg in his ear was not more
magical. You see another car coming down without horse
or hold-back. You are tempted to cry out, " The cars are
running away with themselves!" The traction is an end-
less chain beneath the track, the power a stationary engine
78 BETWEEN THE GATES.
on the top of the hill, and it draws up the cars like so
many buckets of passengers. Looking at the cars black
with people to the platforms, you say: everybody rides.
Working your way through the counter-currents that
How and eddy and whirl around the corners, you say:
everybody walks. Regarding both cars and pavements
you say: everybody rides and the rest walk. The Italian
fruit wagons are banging about; equestrians dashing to
and fro upon horses that were born free and caught with
a lariat — wiry fellows that will gallop all day without
turning a hair.
Sometimes painters used to go to Gibraltar to copy
the costumes of far countries that set the streets in a
blaze; but to see nations, come to San Francisco! You
meet a Spaniard in a wide hat, an Italian with ink in
his hair, a correlative of frogs and soupe-maigre, all in a
minute. A California Indian in still shoes, a moon-faced
Mexican in partial eclipse and a sort of African by brevet,
a Russian with a square chin and a furry look, all in
three squares. You elbow South Americans, Australians,
New Zealanders. You accost a man who was born in
Brazil, who hails from Good Hope, v/ho trades in Hono-
lulu. One of the great Chinese merchants with an easy
gait, an erect head and a boyish face, is coming around
the corner. A man from Calcutta is behind you. " An
Israelite in whom is no guile " is before you. The Scotch-
man is here with the high cheek bones, the blue eyes,
and the cutty-pipe and a word from Robby Burns in his
mouth. The Dutch have taken us, and the Irish, do they
not " thravel the round wurrld "? Of course, New-England
is here, and New York and the South. They are every-
where, but show us your Colombians and Peruvians and
SAN FRANCISCO STREET SCENES. 79
Sea-Islanders, and all sorts of people from the outer
edges of geographies and the far borders of atlases, as
here. Japanese and Chinese signs grow familiar to you
in a week. Sclavonians and Mongolians are as thick as
red pepper in East India curry. It is a tremendous
Polyglot.
I write in the " Metropolitan Temple." It is built of
pine from " the wild where rolls the Oregon," of fir, of
sequoia, the giant redwood of California. Nothing com-
posing the structure is familiar to Eastern eyes. We
walk upon Portland stone, we drink melted ice from the
Sierras, we write upon a portfolio from China, on paper
kept in a cabinet from Japan, with a pen of California
gold. We step upon a mat from Central America, recline
upon a pillow woven of grass from the ocean, eat the
eggs of sea-birds with shells clouded like Egyptian mar-
ble, sit in the shade of an Australian tree, and swing in
a hammock from the Sandwich Islands.
"Stock three papers for ten cents!" is what the dart-
ing newsboys say to you when you land in San Francisco
from the Overland Ferry, The swift Mercuries of the
press are cleaner faced and better clothed than in the
East. They are not gamins in any Parisian sense. They
are vitalized atoms of California "stock!" and that is the
key-note to everything on The Coast. It is a household
word from the top of the Sierras to tide-water. The
touchy and uncertain thermometers of California Street
are read off in lonely ranches and in country cities.
Almost everybody is interested — has made money, lost
money, hoped money, in mining stocks. He has a bulletin-
board on his gate-post. It is as if Wall Street were
lengthened and widened to take in the whole of the Em-
80 BETWEEN THE GATES.
pire State. In San Francisco they deal in the raw mate-
rial; bricks, bars, ingots, right from the mine; wealth in
the original package; in what the mines promise; in what
they perform. East, it is " cash down," it is " stamps."
West, it is " out with the coin," " down with the dust."
You get forty dollars in silver. Thei'e are eighty pieces;
forty in the right pocket, forty in the left pocket, and
there you are, an ass between two panniers, albeit it is a
silver lading. How deftly your Californian pairs out the
half dollars! They slip from one hand into the other as
the creatures went into the ark, and as if they were born
twins. On the Atlantic, money is as sonorous, to use old
President Backus's simile, as if you should make a bell of
a buff cap with a lamb's tail in it. On the Pacific, it is
jingle and ring week in and week out. You pay as you
go. A half dollar sheds its scales in no time, and nothing
is left of it but " a short bit." It looks larger to you
than a withered leaf of postal currency. It is more dig-
nified, because its gravity is greater.
CHAPTER VII.
THE ANIMAL, MAN.
SAN FRANCISCO is a city where people are never
any more abroad than when they are at home. They
support three hundred and fifty Restaurants, where all
the delicacies and luxuries of this season or any other can
be obtained at prices low enough to throw a Chicago
caterer into bankruptcy. Not less than fifty thousand
people eat at Restaurants, and live in lodgings; perhaps
thirty thousand more at the ninety hotels and the eight
hundred lodging-houses and the six hundred boarding-
places of the city, besides a herd of five thousand that
drift from lunch table to lunch table, like so many cattle
grazing in a range. It is a Teutonic paradise, there
being forty-two breweries; and as for liquors, there are
enough to make a pretty heady punch of the Bay of San
Francisco, if only they should play Boston Tea-Party with
the stock in trade all at once, and rouse a fearful revel
in the sign of Pisces, the Fishes, giving an extra tumble
to the porpoises, and putting the sharks hors de combat.
They tell of " dry statistics," but here is a bit of the wet
variety: there are drinking-places so many, that a copper-
lined man can take an observation through the bottom of
his drained glass once a day for teti years, and not visit
the same place twice!
And there are two hundred and sixty bakeries, enough
81
82 BETWEEN THE GATES.
to make dough of a small harvest in a week. " Our daily
bread " is tumbled out of the ovens by the ton. Seeing
the fruit and vegetables everywhere, in a profusion and
variety before unknown, you infer that this is a gram-
inivorous people; but being nearly run down and made
meat of yourself, by uncounted butchers' four-in-hands
and dashing carts, a dozen times in a couple of days, and
learning that there are four hundred and fifty knights
of the white apron, butcher-knife and cleaver, you are
morally certain this community is as carnivorous as a
Royal Bengal tiger.
And then you go to one after another of the thirteen
Public Markets, and there you read the whole story at a
glance. San Francisco is undoubtedly omnivorous. A
stroll through the " California," the " Washington," or the
" Grand Central," will give a dyspeptic man a desire to
go out and hang himself. Everything edible that creeps,
swims, crawls, runs or flies is here. Forty-pound salmon,
the grand fish of the Coast, are heaped in great red slabs
like planks of the red sequoia; sturgeon hauled out of
the Bay from fifty pounds weight to four hundred; rock-
trout with their dappled sides; smelts of slender silver;
soles that look as if they grew in slices; those piscatorial
infants, the white-bait; calves' heads, their smooth cheeks
and chins clean shaven as friars. There is one now with
a curious Chinese smile, calf-like "and bland"; mouthfuls
of sparrows rolled up in their little jackets and passing
for reed-birds; rabbits that simulate rats; lobsters all
claws like a legislative bill. Here is a table that runs
to tongues, toes and brains. Regardless of the " R's " in
the names of the months, oysters are in order the year
THE ANIMAL, MAN.
83
round; clams likewise, but if they fail it is not so much
matter, as morsels of leather well-seasoned will do.
Shrimps — you know shrimps — are heaped about by
the bushel. They are ten-legged, long-tailed crustaceans,
with whiskers enough for one of Campbell's " whiskered
pandours." A plate of those vermin is set before you at
a restaurant — by way of recreation, while you are wait-
ing for something to eat. It is all right, but how mvich
more amusing it would be to have them alive! You
could plague them with a stick, the precious bugs, and
the restaurants could use them again. Here are box ter-
rapins about the size
of the old Congres-
sional snuff-box, with
a head at one end ^ ^
and a taper tail at ^^^^&^ .< \ ) a?^^'
the other ; sausages 0^^K^^^g^\^/^'~~^ i ^ '
— " the savory meat" ^^^^^^^l^^^^^n i rf
of the cad Testament ^B^^^H-^^S^*
— of every color and
size, from chimney-black to poppy-red, and from puppy to
hippopotamus. Mottled and speckled and marbled and
freckled, they are the very mosaic of meat. There is one
that looks like an elephant's foot.
Everything from the gardens of the year round is
here. I count twenty-two varieties of vegetables upon a
single stand. Upon another are cocoanuts, oranges, lemons,
limes, melons, pineapples, plums, figs, blackberries, rasp-
berries, strawberries, apricots, pears, peaches, nectarines,
tomatoes, grapes, apples, cherries. Now add anything you
happen to think of, and it is there. Do you know gumbo?
A green, fluted, West- Indies pod, coming to a point like
84 BETWEEN THE GATES.
a spontoon. A little persuasion turns it into soup. By
its name it ought to come from Guinea. Here are gor-
geous flowers; and beneath them cages of dogs and doves.
California chickens are mostly of the breed that Pharaoh
had when his coru'crop failed, and their corn-crops also,
but ducks, geese and turkeys are desirable.
"JOHN," THE HEATHEN.
You seem to be in the sign of Libra, the Scales.
There is John, the taper-eyed, with his blue shirt and
his wapsy trousers, and snubby shoes, and his black braid
of stub and twist, thirty thousand of him, going about
with a springy pole balanced upon his shoulder, and a
deep bushel basket swung from each end, filled with
" garden truck." Libra, the Scales, catches the spring of
that pole in his knee-joints, and goes teetering about in
the most outre and monkeyish manner. If you leave the
city and plunge into a caflon, you meet John with his
pole and his panniers, a peripatetic pair of scales. He
is the only man in the world who makes a trunk of a
spring-pole.
John always forgets to tuck in his shirt, and if he is
well-to-do he wears two, white beneath and blue or black
without. He finishes dressing where the rest of mankind
begin. What would you have? He advances backward
and retreats forward, and falls upward and rises down-
ward. He is the animal man inverted, subverted, per-
verted, and everything but converted. Discover how the
world always does anything, and that is precisely the way
John never does it. Thus, the other day he was arrested
for stabbing a countryman, and where do you suppose he
THE ANIMAL, MAN. 85
struck him? Why, in the sole of his foot, and that is
the Chinese of it.
To me he looks as much alike as a flock of sheep.
Shepherds tell me they can distinguish any one in a flock
of a thousand by its face, but John is too much alike
for me. I pass him on the street, and then in a minute
I meet him. To be sure he has changed his shirt and
his shoes, but he has kept his face. He took some soiled
handkerchiefs of mine one day to wash, which he did
not return, and his name it was Foo Ling. So I went
out to find him. I succeeded in three minutes. I over-
took him, and passed him, and met him. He had those
little wipers-away of tears, as white and square as so
many satin invitations to a wedding, in his hand, in a
towel, in a basket, but he said he was not he, and I was
somebody else. It was a fearful case of mistaken identity.
The streets were crowded with him, — but alas for Foo
Ling, it was fooling he was. It was one of his " ways
that are dark." If the devil should have his due, why
not John? Without him the Central Pacific road would
have waited completion many a long day. Without him
San Francisco would not be the cleanest-collared and
cufffed and bosomed city in America. Its inhabitants
are as white around the edges as the brim of a lily.
Neither in New York nor Chicago do you see faultless
linen so universal. A laborer's clothes may be out at
the knees or the elbows, or any other exposed point to
wear and tear, but he is quite sure to show a bosom
and collar immaculate. John is a laundry. He can wash,
iron, crimp and flute fit for an angel. He is handier than
Bridget. He is master of suds, an artist in starch, and
a marvel to sprinkle. You should see him do it. He
86 BETWEEN THE GATES.
takes up a mouthful of water as your horse drinks, and
out it plays in a spray so fine that were it a breath
mistier it would float away in a cloud. People have
unfortunate ways of putting things. They say he spits
on the clothes. It. is as little like it as the feathery
spray of a garden fountain. People visiting China, as
you and I will, look through the Celestial markets for
rats. They hunt the file-tailed rodent like Scotch terriers,
They expect to find him hung by the heels to a perch,
just as good Christians bestride that same roost with the
delicate and infantile hinder legs of Batrachians, which
are frogs, which are tadpoles, which are polliwogs, which
are the verdant scum called spawn. Let us play leap-
frog and be happy! Let us suffer him to make a bonne-
bouche of hen's feet while we dispose of the gizzards, and
serve up his bird's nests at will while we eat pinfeathery
squabs with not a bone in their bodies.
John is a problem that never got into Euclid. We
speak slightingly of him, we despise his effeminate look,
his insignificant stature, his shirt, his slouch, and the
three feet of heathenism in his back-hair. We scout him
altogether. But somehow he has gotten into every crack
and crevice of the Pacific Coast. Like an invasion of
ants, he is everywhere under foot. He is born into this
country, not one at a time, but five hundred at a birth.
He has made himself useful within doors and without.
We eat of his cookery, we wear the garments he has
kissed with a hot iron, we ride over the railroads he has
builded, and lie upon the pillow he has smoothed. Dogs
have been known to take to cats instead of after them,
but it is not the rule. Americans have been known to
love John, but it is seldom. The sight of him seems to
THE ANIMAL, MAN.
.87
rouse something of the ugliness that lurks in almost
everybody.
But his position and destiny have assumed a dignity
that commands respect. John has gotten into Congress,
and inspired a virulent hatred in the breasts of thou-
sands. They would organize him out of existence with
the Anti-Coolie Societies, and the Caucasian Orders, and
the White Leagues. But he is here, spring-poles, baskets,
opium, pig-tail, idols and all. He came legally. He
?^««^
^af^, Tue^"*
LiS
remains lawfully. He labors assiduously. The only gen-
eral sentiment of admiration he inspires is when he dies
and goes to — China. Sensible men want some of him,
but not the five hundred millions behind. Those mighty
magnates of hot water, the railroad kings, and the mighty
ranchmen who cannot look upon their ranges in a day's
ride, and whose flocks and herds are uncounted — these
men, these monstrous and unnatural products of the
Pacific Slope, want all they can get of him. They would
elide the true " golden mean " of American society, the
88 BETWEEN THE GATES.
white Christians who toil with their hands, and leave
Midases at one end of humanity and heathens and slaves
at the other — a social state that is a libel on the age,
a disgrace to man and a dishonor to God.
"HOODLUM," THE CHRISTIAN?
Should a skittish horse come suddenly upon the word
"Hoodlum," and it looked and sounded to equine organs
as it looks and sounds to mine, that horse would take
fright and run away. You instinctively infer it names
some creature of the cat kind, monstrous and anomalous,
as if a puma should swap heads with the great horned
owl. The very tvord looks as if it might have a verbal
lair all by itself, and prowl through the unprotected
language by night. It is never found in a place so rep-
utable as Webster's Dictionary.
The thing it names is a two-footed, human, semi-
tropical animal, but he is neither the rowdy, the Five-
Poiuter, the wharf rat, the Bowery boy or the bummer.
They are his congeners, but he is a creature of finer
grain, of hotter blood, of better breed as breeds go, and
infinitely more of a power. He roams San Francisco like
the ownerless dogs of Constantinople. He is never alone.
He goes in packs. He is from twelve to twenty-two
years of age, and seldom gets any older. He doesn't die,
but, like the fawn, he loses his spots. I beg pardon of
the fawn!
You see him, a slender, wiry, active fellow with some
affectation of style, a jaunty way with his hat, a saucy
jerk with his elbow, an alert and saucy eye; a free, let-
all-go stride like a panther's; a sharp-edged chin that
can pull out upon occasion like a wash-stand drawer;
THE ANIMAL, MAN. 89
lean in the flank and lean all over. As Christopher North
would say, he is " scranky." A fat Hoodlum would be
as great a curiosity as a plethoric greyhound. He often
wears good clothes, and may be the son of most respect-
able parents. There is about one flight of stairs below
him in the cellars of human degradation. He has a ready
tongue, a ready knife, and a hand that turns to knuckles
any minute. Always reckless and shameless, often des-
perate, tyrannical by nature, and apprenticed to the devil
by his own consent, he makes night hideous and darkness
dangerous. No roystering sailors ashore, no bullies on the
rampage, can compare with a pack of Hoodlums.
He is a creature impossible in any country with a
New England winter and the homes that are born of it.
He is the product of two causes: an out-of-door climate
where January and June are all one, and the loose, no-
madic life of the Restaurants. Home has neither charm
nor restraint for him. He eats where it chances, he sleeps
where " the wee sma' hours ayont the 'twal " overtake
him. The Chinaman is a heathen at one end of the human
race, the Hoodlum is a heathen at the other, and extremes
meet. In their knowledge of Jesus Christ they are a
match. Should the Hoodlums increase like the wielders
of joss-sticks, it would take a standing army to keep the
peace. A home-made heathen in a Christian land is an
utter heathen.
But the Hoodlum may partially atone for his damaging
existence, by furnishing the only check to excessive immi-
gration that exists. John fears him, and rumors of his
fame have gone back to the Flowery Kingdom. The rep-
resentative of " cheap labor" is the object of his malignant
abuse, in part, perhaps, because John will do man's work
4*
90 BETWEEN THE GATES.
at boys' prices, and in part, because of the devil of which
the Hoodlum is seized and possessed. He rings John by
the cue as if he were a fire-bell. He jostles him from
the sidewalk, robs him, and occasionally kills him, to keep
his hand in. It is a little as if the government kept a
pack of dogs to worry John out of America.
Yesterday I saw a ten-year-old Hoodlum in a narrow
street with a troop of urchins of low degree. He had a
pistol and a chin, and just as I passed, he ground out
through his set teeth, "I'm a bloody robber!" and fell
upon one of the boys and stole his hat. The villainous
look on that lad's face was twenty years old if it was a
minute. Altogether, San Francisco has two sorts of
heathen — the domestic and the imported. If she could
only trade with China six Hoodlums for one John, she
would be doing a living business, and ameliorating in a
local way the condition of the human race. As it is, what
with debarking from foreign ships and clambering out of
home cradles, " the Greeks are at her doors," and on both
sides of them at that!
I have before me a characteristic visiting card that
illustrates the possibility of eyes changing color, though
the Ethiopian must keep to the shady side and the leopard
stick to the old spots. It runs thus:
BLACK EYES,
OK ANY DISCOLORATION OF THE FACE,
CAREF0LLY PAINTED OVER.
PARTIES TREATED AT THEIR RESIDENCES.
What a card for a Donnybrook Fair, and what a trump
this frescoer of human top-lights would be, to be sure!
I know few better places for such a card than the Hoodlum
letter-box.
THE AXIMAL, MAN. 91
PICNICS.
The weather has a singular effect on the calendar.
Thus a California week begins on Monday, and the rest
of the days are Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday,
Saturday, and Picnic-day. Picnics are as sure as a Sharpe's
rifle, and no rain ever wets the powder. A girl can go
in satin shoes with impunity, and her " fellow " wear a
sky-blue necktie that, if it could rain, would make the
front of him look like a blue gum-tree in full leaf. He
has as little need of an umbrella as a rainbow. Nearly
all the picnics go by water, but never in it. They cross
the Bay to all sorts of resorts and parks and gardens, but
they never get wet — outside.
Californians are gregarious as pigeons and clannish
as Highlanders. Everybody is sorted out, from tinkers
to architects, and distributed into Societies, like so much
type, apparently to be semper paratus for a picnic, as the
"Minute Men" of Concord were for a fight; and, like
printers' types, they sometimes get "set up" just to carry
out the figure, and are carried out themselves. There
ai-e three hundred and eighty-five Societies in San Fran-
cisco, evei-y one of which is bound to picnic at least once
a year, and they bear all the names ever known on the
Atlantic seaboard, and some besides. There are " Foresters,"
" Red Men," " Knights of the Red Branch," " Caucasians,"
"Janissaries of Light," "Oak Leaf," "Ivy," "Pioneers,"
" Kong Chow," " Twilight," " Greek Russian Slavonian So-
ciety," the names of its officers all ending in vich, as
Zenovich, Radovich; and those amiable animals, "The
Benevolent Elks" — think of amiable elks! and then the
Sons of nearly everybody — Liberty, Golden States, Golden
Gate, Golden West, Faderland, Motherland, Revolutionary
92 BETWEEN THE GATES.
Sires; and closing up the column with Patrons and Sov-
ereigns and Grangers and Ranchers that seem about as
much in place in the city as a camel would, swimming
the Hellespont. This passion for cutting people up into
orders is carried almost within range of the atomic
theory. If one man could be subdivided into several
orders and institutions, by reducing him to vulgar frac-
tions, and giving him all sorts of names, such as the
order of the Red Right Hand, The Good Liver Club, The
True Hearts, The Knights of Shinbone Alley — could this
be done without killing him outright, they would have
put him in a condition to envy the unhappy man who
used to stand with his feet apart like the Colossus of
Rhodes on the first page of the old almanac, to be butted
by Aries, gored by Taurus, roared at by Leo, shot at by
Sagittarius, and abused by the whole twelve signs of the
Zodiac.
One of my first experiences countryward was a church
picnic, by steamer and rail, to a lovely place called Fair-
fax, owned by descendants of the Fairfaxes of old Vir-
ginia, and neighbors within breakfast range of George
Washington. The boat swarmed with men, women and
children. The church sang hymns, and the band played
" The Devil among the Tailors." Arrived at the grounds,
the crowd scattered away in groups, some to eat, some to
swing, some to dance. The band struck up while sinners
danced and saints looked on. The instruments of brass
and the instruments of ten strings whirled away in the
dizzy waltz, and " Hold the Fort " and " The Evergreen
Mountains of Life" floated up from the hollow of the
little valley's hand, and were swallowed by the big bas-
soon, Sunday-school children ran round and round and
THE ANIMAL, MAN".
93
in and out among the whirling sets like squirrels in a
wheel. The church drank coffee and the world drank
lager, the song went up and the band went on. Nobody
quarreled or collided. If JonahVwas in the crowd no-
body threw him overboard, for the heavens and the earth
were fair and calm as old Ben Adhem's dream of peace.
It was a curious spectacle. It was a sort of Happy
Family. It was a little as if the leopard lay down with
the lamb and didn't eat it, and the little child interviewed
the lion without a scratch, and the fatling became a great
calf. What sort of vignette for a Millennium Hymn the
scene would make, would take an artist's eye to see, but
at least it was worth the record, as showing how climate
expands latitudes tlntil every degree is a hundred miles
long.
CHAPTER VIII.
COAST, FORTY-NINERS AND CLIMATE.
THE geographies have been amended so that there is
but one ocean, and the ocean has but one coast,
and the coast is California- — the widest, longest, liveliest,
richest, grandest coast that ever had an edge in salt
water — nine hundred miles one way by a thousand the
other. It would seem to a modest Eastern eye that nine
hundred thousand square miles of nothing but continen-
tal selvedge must lap inland territory pretty broadly, but
it does not. The world is divided into Europe, Asia,
Africa, South America, Madagascar, British America, the
United States and California, and the last is like charity —
it is the greatest.
" The Coast." That is what they call it, and to him
who sees it to-day and remembers it twenty-nine years
ago, the sublime assurance of the emphatic phrase seems
pardonable, and resentment is succeeded by an amiable
smile. A sort of defiant self-reliance characterizes your
genuine Californian. He was educated to it in the tough-
est and rudest of schools. He found himself divorced
from the world — and sometimes from his wife — by an
ox-team trail of two thousand miles through deserts and
over mountains on the one side, and a voyage on two
oceans through a couple of zones and around Cape Horn
on the other. He was about as naked-handed as Robin-
94
COAST, FORTY-NINERS AND CLIMATE. 95
son Crusoe before he caught his first goat.' From the
time he wanted it to the time he got it made everything
a year old when it was born into California. What he
did, this great city, this marvelous country shows forth
on every hand. He fell to and made everything himself.
You find San Francisco, in art, invention, production,
science, about as self-sustaining as an independent planet.
He began with tents. He ended with palaces. His wife
wanted silk for a dress. He made it. His daughter de-
sired a piano. He made it. His children play "jack-
stones" with agates. He grows gold. He cultivates
silver. He bottles mercury. He raises stock country-
ward and stocks cityward. He has gone to manufactur-
ing doctors, lawyers and preachers. He has raised Mil-
tons that are " inglorious " because they are not *' mute."
He has not reared anybody to his prime yet. He hasn't
had time. You can raise perfect women in twenty-five
years, but men that are going to stand late frosts and
blights and early Autumns and Northers, do not get ripe
at twenty-seven. They taste of the rind, the husk, the
shell, or whatever kind of human fruit they are meant
to make.
The Californian twenty-two carats fine is twenty-nine
years old in this year of grace '78. No matter how old
he was when he came here. If he came in '49, that's the
year of his birth by California noon-marks and calendars.
He forgets that he was ever born before, or born any-
where else. He forgets what he left behind him, even
to the girl, sometimes, and like the last fowl that left
the Ark, he never returns. You meet him every day.
He tells you he has not been East in twenty years, and
he has no idea of going in twenty more. He knows as
96 BETWEEN THE GATES.
much of the trans-continental railroad as he does of the
stage- route to Jericho.
There is an association of Forty-niners called The
Pioneers. " The king can do no wrong," and they all be-
long to the royal family, eldest sons, every man of them.
They have kept pace with " The Coast," and it has been
a round one, but they have not marched abreast with the
Eastern vrorld. They are ignorant what gigantic strides
the Atlantic coast — let us be modest, and bridle it with
an adjective and humble it v^rith a little " c " — and the
inter-ocean empires are making. They came when Cali-
fornia Was not a State, but a predicament; when it was a
Spanish-Russian-Indian-Mexican wilderness, and about as
hideous and inhospitable as an Hyrcanian tiger. They
spoke of home as "the States," and it has descended as
a tradition, and so you hear the suckling California neo-
phytes of half-a-dozen years talk flippantly of " the States."
The impudent infants should be sent, but not exactly
with palm branches in their hands, supperless to bed.
But for your genuine old Forty-niner, covered with
Spanish moss and mistletoe, there is some apology when
he says " the States." It is a fragment of his ancient
talk. And yet there is an evident relish in it to him,
as if California were not in the Union at all, but an in-
dependent existence. He scorns its greenbacks, its nickels
and its copper goddesses of Liberty. He is impatient of
criticism. He thinks you an infant, and therefore speech-
less, because you are new to California. Should he find
a toad in the center of a Coast boulder, he would doff
his hat to him as to a Californian older than himself.
The hearty, enthusiastic, unreasoning love of Califor-
nia that inspires almost everybody in it is refreshing be-
COAST, FORTY-NINERS AND CLIMATE. 97
cause it is genuine. You cannot be around with it a
great wliile without catching it yourself. It is a sort of
condensed abridgment of old John Adams patriotism,
bound like a book in the covei'S of California. They
cheer " old glory " with the ardor of a perennial Fourth
of July, but it looks grander and lovelier, flaring like a
flame of fire in the gales from the Pacific, than drooping
from its staft' over the dome of the Federal Capitol. It
quite startles you to hear a band strike up " Hail Co-
lumbia," as if they knew it, and not " Hail California,''^
as if it played of its own accord. The wonder is, that
there has not been a Coast Anthem before now, a sort
of private " Marseillaise " of their own.
The climate of the Coast stimulates men and women
like wine. It gives them courage that is not Dutch but
weather, and confidence that is not conceit but intoxi-
cation. It quickens the pulse and the step and the
brain. It sends them wild for pleasurable excitement.
It strengthens the passions. It keeps everybody under
whip and spur. It makes him impatient of patience.
You live ten years in five, and it is scored against you.
It is a debt with inevitable payment. A man who has
not attained his mental growth can come here and shoot
up for ten years like a rocket. But alas, when he comes
down, it is sudden, abrupt, like " the stick." A man who
has reached his law of limitation can migrate to Cali-
fornia, and flash up brilliantly a little longer.
Watch bricklayers, brisk in their motions as busy
ants. Those men at the East would move with the de-
liberation of an old hall-clock pendulum with the weights
just running down. It is the climate. Seventy miles in
twenty-four hours at the East, over a satin road in De-
5
98 BETWEEN THE GATES.
cember, is a Jehu of a drive. Here sixty miles before
sunset hurts nobody. Your horse has been drinking Cali-
fornia air. He will do his best, or die a-trying. But
he will not last, any more than his master. He will
want an exti'a feed. The driver will want an exti'a
drink. He cannot be a chameleon. He cannot live for-
ever on air. He looks in a tumbler for a stimulant.
By-and-by he flickers, and it is "o»/, brief candle!" It
is the climate. It sharpens appetite.
Boys and girls are born with percussion caps on.
Touch them and they explode. They ripen early, in this
sun and tonic air, into manhood and womanhood. You
can see mothers of fourteen, and see no marvel. About
forty thousand pupils are enrolled in the fifty-six public
schools of San Francisco, and seven thousand in the hun-
dred and twenty private schools and colleges. It is quite
as difficult to govern the young human California animal
as it is to catch up a globule of quicksilver from a mar-
ble table with a thumb and finger. Is it a boy? He
shouts, runs, leaps, struggles, just as his pulse beats —
because he cannot stop it. He has opinions, though his
beard is a peachy down. He is as positive as a trip-
hammer. Is it a girl? She is as volatile as Cologne, her
voice is joyous, her step a dancer's, her laugh contagious.
She is as dashing as a yacht in a white-cap breeze.
I live neighbor to the Lincoln School, as fine a struc-
ture as you will find anywhere, and set in the midst of
a semi-tropical garden. You should see the twelve hun-
dred boys and girls "let out" at noon, and then let
themselves out. Swallows coursing a mill-pond; ephemera
dancing in sunbeams; bees swarming when the hive is
full; happy as speckled trout in the spring brooks, Izaak
COAST, FORTY-NIJiTERS AND CLIMATE. 99
Walton dead and the anglers gone away; not boisterous,
but breezy; not rude, but effervescent. You would not
be surprised if the mercury in their veins should distance
the mercury in the thermometer and stand at 110°.
Quick-eyed, quick-footed, quick-witted, they are forever
on a " spree," they exult in a state of chronic climatic
intoxication. They are languid as lizards, clumsy as
humming-birds, and idle as beavers in high water. Lazi-
ness is tried out of you and blown out of you by cloud-
less suns and trade- winds.
The weather is as varied in California as the mind
of desultory man. Three hundred heroes at the Pass of
Thermopylae withstood a hostile world. Excluding those
that wear wool, there are as many weathers on the Pacific
Slope. When the king of Dahomey and an Arctic bear
can breakfast together in the morning, and each reach
his own climate befoi'e decent Puritan bed-time without
leaving the State, the man who fails to be suited knows
too little to be happy, and the bear should be eaten by
the " forty children " who alluded to the Prophet's ca-
pillary destitution. All the zones come to California for
rehearsal, and then they go home to delight Hottentots
and Laplanders, eider ducks and cassowaries, and all the
sons of Shem, Ham and Japheth.
Nowhere in America are the seasons so neighborly as
in California. * The impropriety of Winter sitting in the
lap of Spring has made a public scandal, but when Sep-
tember is on whispering terms with May, and January
borrows June's clothes, and July gives all her rainbows
to November, it is high time to talk! The Winter is in
the Summer and the Spring is in the Winter, and harvest
is in seed-time, and Autumn is lost out of the calendar
100 KETWEEN THE GATES.
altogether; and the siroccos blow from the North and
the cold winds from the South, and you must sail by
the almanac or lose your reckoning and get lost in the
weather.
The effect of this loose state of society among the
Seasons is delightfully apparent. You never saw such
ignorant roses in all your life. They bud and blossom
the year round, and never stop to undress or take a
wink of sleep. Ripening fruit and baby blossoms show
on the same bush at once as they do in well- blest human
families. Cherry ti*ees go into the ruby business in April
and keep it up until October. The hills are emerald in the
Winter. Ireland would glory in them, and the shamrock
grow as big as burdocks. The hills are tawny as African
lions or Sahara sands in the Summer. The grasses look
withered and dry as tinder, but they hold the concen-
trated richness of the year cooked down by lire. Turn
out an emaciated old ox that resembles a hoop-skirt with
a hide on, and though you would make affidavit that on
such fare he will i-esemble a hoop-skirt with the hide off
in six weeks, yet the old yoke-bearer will grow fat, smooth
and round as a silk hat. The cattle of California are un-
excelled for breed and beauty. Go where you will, the
splendid " milky mothers of the herd " look handsome
enough to sit to Landseer. Rosa Bonheur would be
tempted to desert her kind and live with them. The
butter of the Coast is as sweet as the dew of June.
The dry spiry grass you see is hay. You do not
think that Balaam's beast would covet it. It was cured
without cutting. There is no rain to wash out its
strength, and it just stands there, desiccated grass, wait-
ing for somebody to eat it. You do not have to tickle
COAST, FORTY-NINERS AND CLIMATE. 101
it with a fork and toss it about the lot, and comb it
with a rake, as they do at the East. Wheat cut green
and stacked is used in place of timothy. California is
the paradise for laziness and grangers. There's a field
of wheat ripe unto whiteness, ripe unto redness. No rain
to rust it, no thieves to steal it, no touch to shell it;
there it stands waiting for its master. It would stand
all summer. It is faithful as Ulysses' dog. It is not
lugged to the barn, and tugged out of wagons and
" boosted " in again. In this field they are threshing.
In that field they are bagging, and those plethoric sacks
will lie there as safe from rain as a heap of boulders.
That grain will never know its owner has a barn.
if
THE PACIFIC BREEZES.
For Eastern blood the continent has no Summer cli-
mate equal to that of San Francisco. No languid days,
no enervating nights, no steam to breathe, no lightning
flash to dodge. It is in the route of the trade-winds,
that make a friendly call every day for half the year.
They come through The Golden Gate like the king's
trumpeters, in a hurry, but never hurry enough for a
hurricane. More tonic weather passes that gate in the
afternoon than all the lungs and windmills in America
could dispose of. To the stranger it is at first a little
strong. Cold catches him. He growls and barks. He
thinks he has that musical instrument called catarrh, but
wait awhile, and it will turn into something pleasant;
the catarrh is a guitar, and the cheering, invigorating
wind welcome as the " one blast upon his bugle-horn "
that was worth " a thousand men." Often in the morning
it looks like rain and you think umbrella. You fancy
102 BETWEEN THE GATES.
the dark and angry clouds are threatening, but they are
no more clouds than a Scotch mist is a thunder shower.
It is only fog from the Pacific that rolled in last night.
It will all be neatly reefed by ten o'clock in the morning,
like a ship's top-hamper, and out of sight. You see it
coming in, leaving the tops of the hills and swinging
about below in wreathy, gray gauze, like a woman's veil
in the wind. It settles upon the city. You button your
overcoat against it. You walk briskly and breast it. It
does not taste like the fog of "The States." It comes
from the salted sea, a sort of pickled relish, as if Lot's
wife should become deliquescent; not close and smother-
ing, but crisp and bracing. And this fog is the summer
rain of the Pacific. The spotted flowers revel in it like
speckled trout in brook water. It washes the air out as a
dexterous hand wipes a crystal globe. This is all true of
San Francisco, but right in the midst of the afternoon
zephyr, you can go to Oakland in thirty minutes, where
there is not wind enough to flutter a flounce. The sub-
urbs are fairly dappled with weather. Take your choice
and be happy.
The tourist to California is anxious about what he
shall wear, and the writer being here to tell him, is
bound to be explicit. Leave all your Winter clothes at
home and bring your Summer clothes. To be emphatic,
let me say it again: Leave all your Summer clothes at
home and bring your Winter clothes. If a month's travel
in the State could not make this vexatious pair of con-
tradictions as harmonious as the Four Gospels, then leave
all your clothes at home and stay to keep them com-
pany. You see furs, feathers and gauzes, shirt-sleeves
and overcoats all Summer long, but nobody in San Fran-
COAST, FORTY-NINERS AND CLIMATE.
103
CISCO ever has a chilblain or a sunstroke. The mercury
ranges from 60° to 75" during the average year, and it
never drops down cellar or flies out of the chimney.
Once acclimated, people change little but their linen and
their opinions during the twelve months.
WEATHER ON MAN.
Having always had man on the weather, why not
reverse the authorship and have weather on the man?
It has become an axiom that " circumstances make the
man." Have you not
been puzzled, some-
times, to think how one
of these sayings got a
seat among the axioms
and nobody objected?
And then you felt a
little as Haman did
when he saw Mordecai,
the Jew, sitting in the
king's gate. ' If climate
is a circumstance, then ^Nvntjct^^^
the axiom is an axiom. A poet of the rude Northern
frozen nations is called a scald, because, perhaps, that is
the pleasantest thing a man can think of who has to fight
frost for a lifetime; but did you ever hear of a great
Laplander or an intellectual Hottentot? Neither refrig-
erators nor furnaces are precisely the places to develop
standard men. Now California weather will make a man
belligerent and aggressive. It will put new springs in
his temper, and make it as quick as a steel trap. It
will take your Eastern neighbor, who used to go about
104 BETWEEN THE GATES.
with his long gray coat, like old Grimes's, "all buttoned
down before," and compel him to unbutton that garment,
and exchange a heavy waistcoat for a white vest, and set
him sailing down the street like a sloop with a brand-new
foresail. He was a trifle too affectionate to the American
eagle, especially when that bird was perched upon a coin,
but the weather makes him generous, opens his heart and
hand as it opened his overcoat. And there is the other
man who went about from June to September, his shirted
back marked with the visible X of his suspenders like a
cask of low-grade ale, and looking for cool places, and
what with being dizzy in the sun and lazy in the shade,
was quite unable to master anything but fans and ice-
water. He would be delighted to look for truth in the
bottom of a well if he could only stay there. He is
energetic as two hundred pounds of putty. Now this other
man comes to California, and the next you know of him
he is up and clothed and in his right mind, marching in
the blaze of noon as happy as a sunflower, and never
dreaming that oranges grow golden in the very weather
he exults in, and he mentally adapting the beatitude of
Sancho Panza upon the man who invented sleep: blessed
be he who invented a San Francisco Summer! But even
the perfect weather does not make a heaven.
San Francisco is "of the eai-th, earthy." It has two
atoms of things that are both in a lively state of unrest
in Summer time. They are fleas and dust, and both
products of the blessed weather; but the first are only
innocent dots of acrobats, the mustard-seed of full-grown
circuses, and the last will leave no darker- trace upon
a lady's garments than a pinch of salt. The first day
of your arrival, when you are filling and tacking and
COAST, FORTY-NINERS AND CLIMATE. 105
beating up the breeze, and bowing to it as if it were
a friend, and blinking at the dust that waltzes at you
round the corners, and bears down upon you at an ana-
pestic gait, as Byron's Assyrian came, and you winking
at it all as if you had just made a joke and were pleased
with it, you vow you will go home to-morrow. And
when you are hunting from chin to gaiters for the prince
of leapers, and assuring yourself that " the wicked flee
when no man pursueth " is not the kind of insect that
has just doubled the cape of your left shoulder, and
taking yourself to pieces at all hours and never catching
anything but a cold, you declare you will go home
to-night. But the weeks go on, and the winds blow on,
and the fleas leap on, and you stay on, at first resigned,
at last delighted.
CHAPTER IX.
GOING TO CHINA.
YOU can reach China and not " go down to the sea
in ships." I went one night and returned before
the cock crowed midnight. Missionaries used to sail away
to Pagan lands, and drop slowly down into the underworld
behind the great waves that lapped the horizon. Now,
they can visit the " Central Flowery Kingdom " without
wetting their feet. We boys used to fancy that somewhere
or other there was a hole through the globe direct to
China, if only we could find it — a sort of flue for the
fragrant cloud supposed to rise from the world's tremen-
dous teapot. I remember looking for it in boyhood, and
flushing with a discovery supposing myself a small Chris-
topher Columbus. It was not a Chinaman at the bottom
of that burrow, but a woodchuck.
That hole has been found. The city of the Golden
Gate happened to be built just around its mouth, and
John has swarmed up out of it like swallows from a
sooty chimney. Through the courtesy of the chief of
police a party of friends, of whom I was one, was fur-
nished with passports to Hong Kong or Peking or Nanking,
and with a special officer of intelligence, we sailed. Fancy
yourself walking along the gay streets of San Francisco
in the edge of the evening — streets bright with light,
pleasant with familiar forms, musical with English speech,
106
GOING TO CHINA. 107
and feeling all the while, that under the patriotic flight
of July flags as thick as pigeons and as gay as redbirds,
you were still at home though thousands of miles away —
fancy this, and then at the turn of a corner and the
breadth of a street, think of dropping with the abrupt-
ness of a shifting dream into China, beneath the standard
of Hoang-ti who sits upon the dragon throne — that tri-
angle of a flag with its blue monster rampant in a yellow
sea. And it is China, unmitigated, debased, idolatrous;
unmoved as a rock in the ocean, with the surges of Chris-
tian civilization washing the walls of its dwellings.
A strange chatter as of foreign birds in an aviary con-
fuses the air. A surf of blue and black shirts and inky
heads with tails to them is rolling along the sidewalks.
Colored lantei-ns begin to twinkle. Black-lettered red
signs all length and no breadth, the gnarled and crooked
characters heaped one above another like a pile of ebony
chair-frames, catch the eye. You halt at a building tin-
seled into cheap magnificence, and hung with gaudy paper
glims. The old, far away smell of the lead-lined tea-
chest comes back to you — the pale green chest, of whose
leaden cuticle you made " sinkers " when you fished with
a pin, that u.sed to be tumbled round the world to reach
you, with Old Hyson, Young Hyson old Hyson's son, Hyson-
skin and Bohea.
The creak of a Chinese fiddle shaped a little like a
barometer all bulb and little body, scrapes through a
crack in a door, as if it was rasped in getting out.
Lights stream up from cellar stairs. Odors that are not
light steam up with them.
108 BETWEEN THE GATES.
A CHINESE RESTAURANT.
Yoii enter the Restaurant. It is the " Banquet Saloon"
of Yune Fong. And there is Yune Feng himself, a be-
nign, double-chinned old boy who is of a bigness from
end to end. He sits by a counter, at which small bits of
human China are busy setting words on their heads.
Under his hand is a well-thumbed arithmeticon, a family
of boys' marbles strung like beads upon parallel wires
and set in a frame, wherewith Fong cyphers out your
indebtedness and his profits. This floor is a helter-skelter
of store-house, kitchen and reception room. China jars
and things in matting and things in tinsel and things in
packs, and seats as hard as the fellow's perch who was
"sitting on the stile, Mary." It is the eating place for
the sort of people we are said to have always with us,
to wit, the poor. Things have a smoky, oleaginous,
flitch-of-bacon look. The lights are feeble, as if there
were nothing worth their while to shine on. You climb
stairs into an improved edition of the ground floor. The
furniture is faintly tidier and better, the table-ware cost-
lier. This is the resort of the happier John whose " short
bit" is a quarter. One more lift and you are in large
and elegant apartments with partitions of glass, a sort of
oriental Delmonico's; gilded and colored and flowered and
latticed like a costly work-box or a fancy valentine. The
furniture is of Chinese wood dark as mahogany at a
hundred years old. The chairs are square and ponderous
as those at Mount Vernon, their seats inlaid with marble
and covered with mat-like cushions; the tables, rich marble
mosaics. Lacquered boxes and curious cabinets abound.
Musical instruments, of patterns as quaint as any that
Miriam ever sang to, hang upon the walls. There is one
GOING TO CHINA. 109
of them. You can get an idea of it by fancying a paddle
of a pudding-stick turning into a fiddle. The Chinese like
to have their ears abused while they regale their palates.
A carpeted platform at one end of a banqueting room is
a couch, and garnished with two cubic pillows of some
sea-grass material, about as hard as Jacob's pillow in the
Wilderness, and ingeniously uncomfortable. But you can
see a ruder sort down-stairs: hard blocks scooped out to
fit — a kind of wooden dish for a block-head, and nearer
like Jack Ketch's execution block than anything else an
unhappy man ever lay down upon and fell asleep.
"WE'LL ALL TAKE TEA."
You call for tea, and a
couple of waiters border a
circular table with a Zodiac
of tiny blue-flowered cups each
with a cover, and a China
spoon as broad as a boy's
tongue. Pale cakes with a waxen look, full of meats, are
brought out. They are sausages in disguise. Then more
cakes full of seeds as a fig. Then giblets of you-never-
know-what, maybe gizzards, possibly livers, perhaps toes,
but not a rat. You must be as crazy as Hamlet to fancy
you even hear one in the wainscot. Then preserved gin-
ger and Chinese chestnuts and prepared rice. Last and
greatest, tea. The drawings are in the cups, and Aquarius,
the water-bearer, floods them with hot water, replaces
the covers, and then a fragrant breath as from a rare
bouquet fills the air. This is tea, genuine, delicate, strong
as old wine of the cob-webbed vintage of '36. This is
what our grandmothers who chinked up their hearts on
110 BETWEEN THE GATES.
" washing-days " with Cowper's " cup that cheers," sighed
for, and like the ancient leader, died without the sight.
It sets tongues running. The weak are mighty, and the
weary comforted. The pi'ecious leaf is worth five dollars
a pound. This third-floor restaurant is for magnates; it
is a region rarefied to " four bits." What you leave of
the tea descends to the next floor, takes another dash of
hot water and is served up again for " two bits." The
unhappy grounds drop another flight of stairs, the last
pennyweight of strength is drowned out, and "a short
bit" will buy the syncope of a dilution. Everything goes
down this curious thermometer in the same way, and,
among them, they come within one of eating what has
been eaten before.
THE JOSS-HOUSE AND THE GODS.
You descend to the fresh air. Fong 'smiles you gra-
ciously out; you cross a street and enter a narrow and
noisome alley. It is Stout's alley, and the scene of most
of the murders in the Chinese Quarters, and the causes
are women and gambling. The alley grows dimmer,
and full of Chinamen as an ant-hill is of ants. Doors
to little bazars, to nooks of sleeping places, to alcoves of
shops, stand wide. You count ten in a den where
Damon and Pythias could hardly have dwelt a week,
unless they were both bed-ridden, without quarreling
about cruelty to each other's toes. Here, they are fluting
clothes. There, a Chinese tailor is chalking a pair of
trousers on a table as if he were drawing a map. John
does everything backward. He is the dorsal fln of man-
kind. He is a human obliquity. He might have attended
a school for crabs. In fact, he is one of " Crabb's Syn-
GOING TO CHINA. Ill
onyms." Yonder, a fellow is cooking in a dog-kennel of a
place. Unmusical sounds from unmusical instruments
abound.
Just here you fraternize with the policeman and
pluck his gray coat by the sleeve. You see he wears no
star. You ask him if he doesn't have that silver bit of
astronomy? He laughs. "Oh, yes; here it is in my
pocket; but all the Chinamen know me.'' And you see
they do. They crowd up toward the party, but getting
a glimpse of him, they execute a concentric as the water
in a mill-pond does when a pebble strikes it. They give
us an horizon of shirts with legs to them. The white
soles of their shoes show in the uncertain light. It is
the only soul about them of just that color. We are
lost in a zig-zag of dingy stairs. We are surrounded by
dark walls. We look down into courts that are black.
Twinkles show faint like fire-flies in a cloudy night. The
murky air reeks like Gehenna. Like the city of Cologne,
there are seventy smells, and not one is cologne. Within
the space of a few squares are twenty thousand Chinese.
The place is a live honeycomb, barring the honey. They
are packed like sardines in a box. Our guiding star
whips out a candle he has bought, strikes a match on
the toe of a heathen god and lights it. We are reduced
to the glimmer of other days. In a city filled with light
and beauty and Christian churches, we ai-e groping around
in the dens and cul-de-sacs of a foreign and idolatrous
land by the flare of a tallow candle. It is gloomy as
grim Charon's ferry-house.
Up a few steps, down a few steps, round a corner, up
a whole flight, along a gallery as dumb as a tomb, we
reach the door of the Joss-House, one of eleven heathen
112 BETWEEN THE GATES.
temples in San Francisco. It is never closed, and we
enter. Floating lights in glass tumblers but dimly reveal
the place. "Dim," but not "religious." Gothic flower-
supports of white metal, resembling square candlesticks
for giants, stand in rows. The inevitable flare of bril-
liant red and gold and silver tinsel, and gew-gaws, and
huge paper bouquets, and black writing on the walls, and
spai'kling rosettes all about, as if everything had been
washed out in rainbows and the tints proved fast colors.
In the great shrines are rows of sinister gods with trail-
ing black beard and moustache. One of them, a trucu-
lent fellow, in an embroidered night-gown, who might
have been modeled from some Chinese- Tartary brigand,
is the god of War. Here is a life-size figure holding a
small grape-shot between a thumb and finger. He is the
deity of Medicine, the Chinese Esculapius, with a most
bilious and unhealthy look himself, and that missile is a
pill. If it ever found a lodgment in the stomach of any-
body blessed with only ordinary powers of deglutition, it
must be from the mouth of a howitzer. There is the
god of Fortune, with a nugget of gold in one hand, and
John sacrifices to him with great fidelity. You pass into
another apartment where are two lay figures of young
women in gorgeous apparel, canary-colored and gold.
They are the goddesses of Love and Beauty — but which
is which? One of them is watching the bridge of her
own nose with both eyes, as if they kept toll-houses at
both ends of the bridge, and were looking out, or rather
looking in, lest somebody should " run the gates." And
the other looks as if she had been dragged up from the
Chinese heaven by her hair, and she had no time to fix
it; but there she sits with her lifted eyebrows as if her
GOING TO CHIISrA. 113
head-dress were sleek as patience and pomatum could
make it.
And now we come to three idols — they are the ele-
ments. That party with the florid face, like a harvest
moon, is supposed to be Fire. Seated next him is the
dropsical divinity of Water, and the unethereal neighbor
at his right is the deity of Air. As for Earth, there is
quite enough of her in the form of dust. Possibly they
made a grist of the goddess and sprinkled her over the
whole. In a corner low down, is a cross between a small
scare-crow and a " Dandy Jack." It is the great Ground
Devil, and looks as if he might be his own rag baby.
He can raise the mischief, which is the devil, with sick
people, if he does not receive proper attention. Before
him is a little altar, whereon food designed for invalids
must be jilaced, and whence he adroitly extracts all dele-
terious qualities. Thus colic is eliminated from withered
cabbage, dyspepsia from toasted cheese, and shark's fins
are made to agree charmingly with the eater. Near the
entrance is a sort of mongrel Vishnu, seated cross-legged
like a journeyman tailor.
In a large shrine sits the god of Beasts, a sort of
Nimrod, and beside him a brindled cur of unamiable mien,
who accompanies his master when he goes out upon mytho-
logical business. -But, as one of the party remarked, " a
little of this will go a great way."
Not a window visible in this China Closet of gods
supernal, infernal and mixed. Doors are open on one
side and another, where by the feeble lights you see John
watching you, or walking near you^as stealthily as a shad-
ow. One scene, framed in a doorway, might have been
painted by Rembrandt already: a Chinese Doctor in his
5*
114 BETWEEN THE GATES.
robe bending over a book, and resembling a piece of
dumb bronze in meditation.
And this is what men are left to do! These garish
figures are actually worshiped here and now within an
hour, by human beings in their blind gropings for superior
powers. You cannot believe it. Here are the little altars
of sand wherein the small gummy cylinders of fragrant
woods, called joss-sticks, are set up and burned before the
gods. Here are some now but half consumed. Their
worship is of the economical order. They give the divin-
ities what they themselves can neither use nor give away.
Their board does not cost them a copper cash with a
hole in it.
"TWELVE PACKS IN HIS SLEEVE."
John has a cunning hand with a good memory. Cards
are his affinity." He does not laugh in his bell-mouthed
flowing sleeves, but he shuffles cards into them with the
adroitness of a wizard. You see the smoky dens as you
pass. The gamblers sit around the table which is classic
but fallen, covered, as it is, with grease, " but living grease
no more." His features come to a focus like a fox's as
he watches the play of the cards. His mouth puckers
with expectancy. He is furtive but fierce. His eye never
brightens. It snaps its delight when the four bits are his
by the turn of the game. He will wager everything he
possesses, wife, children, friends, anything but his cue,
when the "cash" gives out. He is not fair. He is not
square. He doesn't read Latin, and so he misunderstands
the difference between nteum and tuum. He thinks meum
is his and tuutn his own, when he can get it. His " pick-
ers and stealers" are deft and adroit, and you are daft
GOING TO CHIXA. 115
if you trust him much beyond the range of an ordinary
telescope. He will wear a close cap under a hat, and
when, having committed a theft, he is pursued, he pockets
his hat and, behold, he is another manner of man. He is
John with the skull-cap. His tricks are as old as the
dynasty of Hoang-ti, and he plays them well.
AN OPIUM DEN.
Blundering our way out we pass a hanging gallery,
and, as the song of Captain Kidd has it, "down, down,
derry down" stairs that are crooked and dark, into a
court black as Erebus, by the one light, but " how far a
little candle throws its
beams," and the place
looks better in the dark
than in the blaze of
chandeliers. The odors
creep up from the din-
gy floors as we walk.
The royal Dane, had he been of the party, would have
repeated a phrase of his talk in the graveyard, " and smells
so ! Pah ! " Our trusty guide went right along with an
assured stride. Black figures were stealing about in the
gloom. Nobody would wish to be an owl anywhere else.
It gets inkier and murkier, but the policeman pushes
open a door and lets out a little light.
We enter a small box about eight by ten, not much
larger than some window-panes. As for window, this
room has not so much as a snuff-box has. Compared with
it the tomb of the Capulets is light and airy as a belfry.
A table in the center holds a lamp. The sides of the
room are fitted up with stationary bunks. The proprietor
116 BETWEEN THE GATES.
sits curled up in a lower one, smoking tobacco, for even
this cul-de-sac of creation has an owner. You are in an
opium den. A guest lies at length upon his shelf, cun-
ningly taking up on a wire, drop after drop of crude opium,
black as old-time molasses, and by the flame of a little
lamp beside him he heats it and rolls it round the point
of the wire, until at last it is a little bead the size of a
marrowfat pea. The bowl of the rosewood pipe has a
cover perforated in the center, with a hole somewhat
smaller, if anything, than the room you are in. He
thrusts the bead into the aperture, lights it, and then
putting a stem like the little end of a fife to his lips,
he pulls for a breath of the drowsy god. The drug hisses
like a fragment of frying meat, but he draws steadily
till the narcotic smoke begins to roll from his mouth
and nose in clear blue volumes.
THE OPIUM-SMOKER'S DREAM.
His head reposes upon the block. He begins to be at
peace. You ask him, "How many smoke?" "Ten mo',"
he says. The night's luxury will cost him " six bits,"
which includes bed, board and bliss. He has visions, but
he never tells them. He sees a pagoda of gold that is
his, and the gods that are in it are his, and they rustle
in cloth of gold, and jewels glitter like restless eyes upon
their breasts. For the little insignificant box, he has
great jars of opium in his cabinet, and the mouth-piece
of his pipe is of amber, and the bowl has the name,
which is his, of See Ling, in mother-of-pearl, and he
rides in a palanquin with curtains of silk and fringes
of gold, which is his, with six coolies to bear him and
two maidens to fan him. He dwells by the Kin-sha-kiang,
GOING TO CHINA. 117
which is the river of the golden sand, and his wife has
the feet of a mouse. The fragrance of bird's-nest
soup is in his nostrils and the voice of the fowls of the
nankeen legs makes music in his ears. His tea is bi-ewed
from the chests of the king. And then the visions are
all folded in silk that is crimson, and the miisic of cym-
bals is faint, and he lies upon a cloud that is silver and
down, and floats gently away, and with a murmur of
"blessed be poppies!" the last whiflF of forgetfulness gone
out, he lapses into a sleep that is dreamless, and strange
as the rhythm of Coleridge,
" In Xauadu did Kubla Khan
A spacious pleasure-dome decree,
Where Alph the sacred river ran
Prom caverns fathomless to man
Down to a sunless sea."
The den grows heavy with the ghost of opium. Your
head seems inflating like a balloon, as if it were about to
make an unauthorized ascension and leave you to look
after yourself. The forms of your friends, albeit some
of them are " reverend seigniors," begin to sail- ofi" in a
solemn waltz. You are a second-hand opium smoker, and
so, none too soon, the creaky door is pulled open, and we
go out into a darkness that is cheerful compared with
the drowsy haziness within, and breathe undiluted what
De Quincey calls " the mephitic regions of carbonic acid
gas."
You push open the door of a second den where every
head has come to the block of oblivion, give a look and
move on.
There are dens and dens. Once more in a choked
alley that seems a Broadway to the dungeon behind, you
see a fresh young face, wily as some of those in Rem-
118 BETWEEN THE GATES.
brandt Peale's " Court of Death," framed in a little
wicket window, which is also a tricked window. She is one
of more than a thousand women, few of whom bear the
least resemblance to what Caesar's wife should be ; degraded,
•shameless and, strange to say, content. Woman must have
something to cling to. She is naturally religious. She
believes in an ideal world. From before Ruth's time
she has craved something to trust. Recall the monsters
of the Joss-House, and tell me if a woman kneeling at
the shrine of such pitiful idols, with not a touch nor a
trace of the classic grace of Venus, or the severe purity
of Diana, or the manhood of Apollo, can be anything
herself but a wanton and a wile? And the girl you saw
is as much a slave as ever gathered the snow of a cotton
field. There are dens with a "lower deep" than the
gloomy chambers of Papaver.
"THE ROYAL CHINA THEATRE."
With a sense of relief we slip out of the alleys that,
with their narrowness and darkness and abomination, seem
to catch us by the throat, but we have by no means got
back to America. We are in China still. Entering a
well-lighted hall, garnished on one side with all sorts of
celestial tit-bits and relishes, we pay our four bits and
enter what great gorgeous letters over the proscenium
give a kind of typogi*aphical shout at us and name " The
Royal China Theatre," and the royal is less apparent than
the China.
It has a gallery, but we go into the pit or the dress-
circle, or what, with the black heads and the black blouses
and the black hats, looks most like a parquet filled with
mourners at a funeral. Not a trace of color in that
GOING TO CHINA. 119
audience, not a streak of white. It is a case of total
absorption. Nothing lacking but weeds and weepers.
The play is in full caper. I use the frisky word after
considerable meditation. It is the right one. The play
is a compound of tragedy, comedy, farce, caravan and
circus, and the last was the best. I think celestial
Thespians' strongest theatrical hold is their feet and legs.
And the name of the jDlay was a compound of pork and
carbonate of lime, for it was " Horn-Mun-Sow." I know
what it was about, but I never mean to tell. They began
it at seven o'clock, and they played right through to one
in the morning, which is nothing for them. A drama
has been produced at that theatre consuming three weeks
in the performance, seculars and Sundays, in sessions of
five hours each; a solid week of histrionic distress.
The price of admission to the theatre is graduated by
the time you endure it. First of the feast, four bits;
ten o'clock, three bits; midnight, two bits; and when it
gets down to the very toes of tragedy or the heel-taps of
comedy, it is a dime.
Apparently it was a troupe where the women were all
men and the men were all women, though you doubted
at last whether either were either. Of course there was
no curtain to fall upon anything, and the actors entered
from apartments at the sides. Of course the orchestra
was not in front and below the stage, but upon it and
beyond the grand stride-ground of sock and buskin.
What would you have?
"THE PLAY'S THE THING."
If you can fancy a flock of gorgeous cockatoos in a
state of anarchy, and nobody to read " the riot act, " all
120 BETWEEN THE GATES.
chattering in falsetto — not an honest, manly bass tone
the wliole night; if you can suppose the chief of a band
of robbers, with the tail of a bird-of-paradise waving from
the back of his head, and a pair of white wings at his
shoulder-blades, and a fan in his hand, and whisking about
in an embossed and brocaded petticoat, with a cackle of a
voice, as when a hen lays an egg or sees a hawk or tries
to crow, and a face painted to counterfeit a death's-head
moth, and finished out with the beard of a billy-goat;
if you can picture a bench of high officials in the full
" pomp and circumstance of" a state council, all at once
setting off in pirouettes and pigeon-wings, and whirling
like teetotums, and swinging round like boomerangs, and
frisking away in fandangoes, attacked with Saint Vitus's
dance, spouting a tragic passage and executing a double
shuffle in the same minute; hopping off" in a coupee, which
means doing your walking on one leg, and then, with the
knee of the other a little bent and the foot lifted, advanc-
ing upon nothing with a continuous and imaginary kick;
swinging two swords like the remaining arms of a dilap-
idated windmill; then abasing themselves with their brows
upon the floor of the sanded stage like worshiping Orient-
als; then snapping erect like so many spring-bladed Bowie-
knives, and all appareled in variegated macaw, — then you
will have a genuine spectacular Chinese astonishment.
After that, a battle, when, with the most wonderful
crowing and cackling that Reynard's advent ever roused
in a populous barn-yard, they flew at each other like
enraged and rampant butterflies, with a blending and
confusion of tints as if the seven primary colors had
been struck with a chromatic Babel, and would never in
all this world be sorted out into rainbows again.
GOING TO CHINA. 121
Had you fallen down and worshiped the whole thing
it would have been no sin, for it was the semblance of
nothing " in the heavens above or the earth beneath or
the waters under the earth."
After that the entire talent broke to pieces and ex-
ploded like fireworks into wheels and rockets and flying
leaps. They turned into acrobats, and the circus began.
And it was truly wonderful. Fancy a man throwing
himself from the height of a dozen feet and falling flat
upon his back and as straight as a rail upon the uncar-
peted floor. The dull thug as he fell was unmistakable.
And then he was not padded, unless with a mustard
plaster, for he was about as thin as a Johnny-cake. Or
fancy three or four of them in the air at once, turning
over and over as if in jjursuit of their toes. How they
could be wheels and not turn on an axle and not be
driven by wind or water or something, nobody can tell.
THE ORCHESTRA.
But that orchestra! Hogarth's enraged musician never
heard its match. There were ticks and clucks and jingles
and squeaks, and tinkles of bells, and a frog-and-locust
interlude, and emaciated fiddles; but when the battle
began they all struck out like Sandwich Islanders in the
surf, into a roar of gongs and a clash of cymbals shining
and ringing like the shield of Achilles. Sometimes the
tune seemed to be " The Arkansas Traveler " or " Old
Rosin the Bow," and then those instruments leaped over
the musical bars and ran away. The music and the
acting were alike — a marvelous jumble. It was as if a
medley had swallowed itself.
I am inclined to think that this fashion of mingling
6
132 BETWEEN THE GATES.
heterogeneous elements, a kind of miniature " chaos come
again," is contagious. Thus, the last Independence Day
was observed with splendid pageantry and fine literary
exercises at the " California Theatre." They had " The
Star-Spangled Banner," and Drake's bugle-voiced address
to the Flag, but between the "Long may it wave o'er
the land of the free and the home of the brave" and the
solemn, almost sublime, words of the Declaration, begin-
ning " When in the course of human events," something
was sandwiched; and what do you think it was? Not
"Yankee Doodle," or "Hail Columbia," or "The Red,.
White and Blue," but the little Julietish song of " Good-
by. Sweetheart"! Could they do anything better in
China?
While I have only made a faithful record of the dra-
matic scenes and sounds, with not one touch of exaggera-
tion, a fact to which one Doctor of Divinity, two traveling
missionaries and one neophyte can bear witness, yet it must
be frankly admitted that, on reading it over, I hardly
believe it myself, but it is severely true for all that.
Out at last and for good and all, we cross from China
into America, under a starry sky, and breathing an air
fresh and free from beyond the Golden Gate. It was like
emerging from a total eclipse into broad and blessed day,
and I recalled the words of Tennyson with all the vivid-
ness of poetic creation. It was as if I had written the
lines myself:
" Through the shadow of the globe we sweep into the younger day,
Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay! "
Harems in Utah and idols in San Francisco — idols set
up like ten-pins, and no man bowls them down. Who
says this is not emphatically the land of latitudes? There
GOING TO CHINA. 123
have been ages when the Crusaders would have effaced
them from the continent, like a writing from a slate, with
a wet finger, albeit the finger was wet with fresh blood.
We sailed to Pagans, and now Pagans sail to us. They
have dropped into Christendom like a great black diamond.
They are anthracite.
We have regarded John as a sort of overgrown boy,
a kind of cushiony creature. You can thrust your finger
anywhere into his character. You withdraw it, and it
retains no print of it, any more than the water into which
you plunge your hand. Within that apparently yielding
characterlessness is a spine of heathen iron, and tough as
the worst of it. A bridge made of such material would
last the world out. And as for that rigid, jointless spine,
who can wonder that it exists? Here, now, is a man who
represents and believes a religion that runs back to pre-
historic ages; to whom the name of the Chinese Moses is
as familiar to-day as the name of Jesus Christ in Bible
lands; whose eye brightens at the syllables Kung-fu-tse,
as at a welcome household word. It names Confucius to
Chinese ears, a man who died twenty-three hundred and
fifty years ago, whose descendants, in undoubted line, live
to-day, the eightieth generation from the great philosopher
who died before Socrates began to teach, and his works
remain " eveft until this day." Is it any marvel that a
religion indurated through the ages, unyielding and change-
less as if absolute truth, wrought into the life, thought,
custom and tradition of this man John, should harden
into a firm and almost sullen disbelief in all the world
besides? That there should be hardly a vanishing point
of contact between him and the out-world races, to make
him a full and free-born member of the human family?
CHAPTER X.
MISSION DOLORES AND THE SAINTS.
TO-DAY there are one hundred and ten churches,
chapels and missions in San Francisco, giving one
place of worship to every three thousand people, exclusive
of "the strangers within the gates," and services are
conducted in French, Spanish, Russian, Scandinavian,
Italian, German, Hebrew, Welsh, English and Chinese.
You should hear the Chinamen in full tongue in a Sunday
school. After that you can tell where the idea of a gong
came from. It is as original as a tremendous echo; and
sounds as if the names of all the rivers had got away
and ran in together — Yang-tse-kiang-Hoang-ho-kiang-ku-
Kin-sha-kiang-Ya-long-kiang-Z>/H<7-Z)o«y.'
It was one of those perfect San Francisco days with
which the year is almost filled, when the sun and the
ocean conspire to sweeten and temper the air with beams
and bi'eezes, when the hills grow friendly and draw near,
and so we went to the Mission Dolores, founded by tlie
Simnish Friars on the 9th of October, 1776, when much of
the land on which the city stands had not yet come out
of the sea, and the shore was a wide waste of dunes.
Here, one hundred years ago, civilization's farthest
outpost, half church and half fortress, was established,
and its patron Saint Francis was to give the Yerba Buena
of the old maps the new name of San Francisco. Built
134
MISSIOJS" DOLORES AND THE SAINTS. 125
about by spacious structures of modern date, faced by the
Convent of Notre Dame, the old church remains like a
rusted hatchet struck into some sapling in the elder day,
and grown around by the living column of a stately tree.
Here two ages meet. You see the recent redwood dwell-
ing, and the old adobe house of brick baked without fire *
standing by its side, whose walls resemble the swallows'-
nests that dotted the rafter-peaks of ancient barns as
with cottages of mud. You see roofs fluted with red tiles
resembling organ-pipes that have tarnished and rusted in
a thousand rains and suns.
And there is the old chapel, with its columned front
fair to see as a white nun, and there, in three square
port-holes, hangs a chime of three bells brought from
Castile many a year ago, rung, perhaps, within hearing of
the sunlit towers of my Chateaux en Espagne — ah, those
castles in Spain! — and now green with i-ust. Those bells
rang out the old century, rang in the new. You enter
the low-arched doorway into the chapel, a hundred feet
from altar-place to threshold; and where are the hands
that set the keystone, and where the priests that blessed
the place, and where the hidalgos that stood around?
The hands held flowers that drank them up.
"The good swords rust;
Their souls are with the saints, we trust."
But here are the walls of stone and unburned clay,
four feet thick, and here the mullioned windows, woven
with fan-light sash like spider's web; and here the Spanish
linen canvas with its pictures of The Last Supper and
the saints ; and here two grand shrines of painted wood
from Spain, with figures of Saint Francis, Saint Joseph and
all ; there the Madonna and the Christ that came over the
126 BETWEEN THE GATES.
sea. And beyond is a heavy arch bearing the legend:
"How terrible is this place. This is no other than the
house of God and the gate of heaven." You sit in a
wooden chair as hard as stone and older than our Fourth
of July. Above you is the gallery floor tessellated with a
paint-brush — a puncheon floor hewn out with broad-axes.
Here, for a hundred years have matin prayer and
vesper song and grand high mass been rung and chanted,
said and sung. Here, priests from Spain, from Rome,
from France, have lifted hand and blessed the people,
while Indians and Mexicans and old Peruvians stood
around. Here brave nuns have breached their Ave Marias
in the wilderness. Vanished all, like light from dials
when the sun goes down. Think of the long-dead day
when a Spanish guard was stationed here to protect the
Mission. And the desert is a city and the city a mart,
and Spain has ceased to be the Motherland, and Mexico
her Daughter-in-law, and no blue-blooded Castilians come
to their outlying dependency any more. The face of the
world is changed as if fire had swept and God created
it anew.
THE OLD GRAVEYARD.
The graveyard of a hundred-and-one years adjoins the
church. You pass under the cross that surmounts the
gate, and are in the city of " the houses that shall last
till doomsday." The earth is rich with the uncounted
dead. You tread upon them in the alleyways. There
are hundreds and then hundreds. Nameless Indians with
their heads to the rising sun lie here by bands and tribes.
The old sexton unearths them sometimes wrapped in the
hides of wild cattle for shrouds. Soldiers of the blue and
the scarlet, English, American, Russian, Spanish, Mexican,
MISSION" DOLORES AND THE SAINTS. 137
have bidden " farewell to the big wars," and gone into
camp together. Descendants of Spanish willows vainly
weep over alley and grave. Irish yew and English haw-
thorn are ever " wearing of the green." Trees in ever-
lasting bud and bloom give Christmas roses, and bouquets
for June. The ivy's glossy leaves caress the graves. How
rich and rank they grow! Let us hope the dead have
gained the crown, for behold, the crosses they have left
behind. And still they come! There goes the sexton
with his spade. The place is full of angels, altars, lambs,
tombs, urns and shrines, in wood washed blank of letter
and device, in marble and in granite. You stand by the
grave of the first Spanish Governor of California, and you
read: "Aqui yacen restos De Capitan Don Louis Antonio
Argulla, Prima Gobernador del Alta California." He lies
in the sacristy of the old church, the granite chamber
where they kept chalices and censers for frankincense and
wine; a right stout lodging, and time-proof as the globe.
Reading monument after monument, you feel as if in a
foreign land. The names are no "household words" of
ours. Here is a slab bearing the name, "James Sullivan,"
the " Yankee " Sullivan of whom the world has heard,
and the words, " who died by the hands of the V. C. 1856."
That V. C. is graven upon other marbles here, and means
Vigilance Committee, and revives the memory of wild and
lawless times. Following the name are these significant
words: "In Thy mercy Thou shalt destroy mine enemies! "
At last, beside the old adobe wall, the sexton shows
an unsuspected grave, no slab nor mound nor coverlet of
grass. Beside it is another, with turf subsided like a
tired wave. It is surrounded by a bleached and sagging
fence of pickets. Over these two graves a small historic
128 BETWEEN THE OATES.
war has been waged. Within six months after the Sign-
ing of the Declaration they had two funerals; an Indian
and a Spaniard were buried here. Now, which was buried
first? One has one grave, and one the other — and which
the honor of the first inhabitant? Over what trifles will
even wise men fight! The name and story of each had
fallen out of human speech and memory as long ago as
gray-haired men were in their swaddling bands. What
matters who or when? The poet Montgomery wrote the
epitaph for the broad world's men: "There lived a man."
As you turn to leave the place, the marble figure of
a suppliant woman with lifted hands and sad and sight-
less eyes turned heavenward, impresses you like a spoken
word. So ai'e these all beneath the sod, all but the lifted
hands. Speechless, heljiless, front-face to Heaven, here
they lie and wait. God save the world! Let us go out
at the time-stained gate, and into the ever-flowing tides
of living creatures. We had almost forgotten the- glad
sun and the crystal air, and even the roses the sexton
gathered from some graves to give us, seemed to shed a
sad, funereal fragrance, as of crape, and the vexed and
troubled earth that, for the graves they make within it,
has little rest.
Quick! There's a Valencia street car. "So dies in
human hearts the thought of death."
THE SAINTS,
California geography has the true old Mexican and
Castilian stamp upon mountain, town, vale and river. It
is genuine as the silver Spanish quarter of other days.
To be sure, it does not bear the pillars of Hercules, but
the Saints have stepped down from niche and shrine, and
MISSION DOLORES AND THE SAINTS. 129
seated themselves in the open air. Thus you have San
Quentin, with a prison on his shoulders, Santa Rosa, the
city of the holy roses, where we saw a rose-tree twenty
feet high, with a sturdy trunk, and starred like the Milky
Way with a thousand full-blown flowers; San Jose, with a
city in his lap. Then there are San Benito, San Rafael,
San Diego, San Pedro, San Leandro, San Juan — not the
Don, — San Mateo, San Andreas, and the rest. Sometimes
they take to the water, as San Joaquin River and San
Pablo Bay. Then Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, Santa
Cruz and San Francisco. The principal part of the popu-
lation of the Calendar seems to have been lured out-of-
dooi'S by the weather and never gone in again. Then if
they are not saints they are angels, as Los Angeles, and
if neither the one nor the other, then an Island in the
Bay talks English and says "Angel," and a city and a
river cry out in concert, "Sacramento!" Altogether, if
a man meant to make a compact sentence unburdened
with adverbs, he could say, California is a country where
the places are all Saints and the people are all sinners.
The names the miners gave their camps and claims
are almost always hooks to hang a history on. Hell's
Delight and Devil's Basin are an antipodal offset to
Christian Flat and Gospel Gialch. Slapjack Bar and Nut-
cake Camp commemorate some dainty dishes. Shirt-tail
Cafion and Petticoat Slide belong to the wardrobe, while
Piety Hill probably christened a vantage ground that no
Christian ever went to if he could keep away.
It is easy to see how, as among the old Saxons, names
grow out of callings. Thus in Sonoma county there are
four John Taylors, and not one of them "John Taylor
of Caroline." Three are known by the way they
130 BETWEEN THE OATES.
made their fortunes, and the roster runs thus: Whisky
John, who never drinks; Sheep John, who is bold as a
lion; Hog John, who is no miser; and John. Abolish
books and records, and let these names go down tossing
carelessly about in a traditionary way for a couple of
generations, and the children of the first would be
Whiskies; of the second. Sheep, if not lambs; of the
third, Hogs, if not pigs; and the fourth, undoubted
descendants of plain John Taylor.
CHAPTER XI.
VALLEY RAMBLES AND A CLTMB.
IP you wish to be acquainted with California, fall in
love with its valleys, smell its flowers, taste its fruits,
know its people, breathe its air, you must not sit in a
railroad car contemplating somebody's back-hair, or won-
dering whether the observer next behind you sees any-
thing wrong in the nape of your neck; but you must go
in a big covered wagon as strong as a mill, with a
pleasant company, and such a friend and Palinurus as I
had, in the person of a gentleman who can preach a
sermon, give a lecture, edit a paper, build a temple, found
a college, and run a railroad. But none of these abilities
would have mattered the crack of a whip if he had not
known how to drive., and how to " suffer and be strong."
He could drive, he did suffer, he was strong. It is curious
how many-sided a man may be, a human dodecagon, if
you will, and yet be put in a place any minute where he
is as useless as the half of a pair of shears.
Crossing San Francisco Bay, all snug and stowed, full
of lunch-baskets and expectation, we struck into the Sonoma
Valley, bound for the Petrified Trees and the Geysers.
Though it never rains here except by programme, yet it
rained. They tried to persuade me it was a fog, but a fog
that has a body to it and tumbles all to pieces in rattling
saucy water, inspires the hope that there will be no such
181
132 BETWEEN THE GATES.
thing as California rain until I am safe beyond the moun-
tain^ As a boy would say, it was a level rain. The
wind blew it straight out, and the couple on the front
seat were blue likewise. Those behind, all snug and dry
as chickens under a hen, were as merry as grigs. When
the water goes drip, drip, upon your nose from the fore-
piece of a cap, and spatters from that promontory into
your eyes, and runs down your indignant bosom, you feel
like praying for a longer visor or an abridged nose, but
if anybody thought good words in bad places, nobody
said them.
It had only been a day since I was wishing for the
fragrance and the music of a dear old June shower,
bound about its forehead with a rainbow as with a fillet;
the flowei's nodding sweet approval and the leaves lap-
ping it like tongues that are athirst, and here it was,
all but the fillet, and I was not content. It is hard to
tell precisely what we do want. But it is due to the
blessed Coast to add that you might live on it for ten
years and see no such misplaced rain. The winters, with
their long and amiable rains, would have been a paradise
to the frogs of Homer, and they would have broken forth
in Greek more eloquently than ever: " brek-ek-ek-koax-
koax." But riding through the valleys in the summer,
where it has been as dry as the shower on the old cities
of the plain, you will marvel at the glossy green and
fresh look of shrub and tree, as if everything, like the
rose of the " English Reader," had been washed,
"just washed in a shower.
That Mary to Anna conveyed'."
VALLEY RAMBLES AND A CLIMB.
133
A DEAD LIFT AT A LIVE WEIGHT.
At last, on a slippery grade, the near- wheeler sat
down, inserted two feet between the spokes of a fore-
wheel, two more right under the vehicle, and had he
been as well oflF for legs as a house-fly, and had another
couple, they would probably have got into the carriage.
As it was, they were distributed about like the multiplied
codicils of a legacy. That wagon was emptied as green
peas pursued by a thumb-nail fly out of a pod, and there
they stood like so many
bedraggled poultry, all
but one mother and
two chickens who scud-
ded away through the
driving rain to a dis-
tant cabin for help. I
wish to place it upon
record just here, that
in fifty or sixty years
that mother will " with
the angels stand," for if anything will dispose a woman
to wickedness it is when she gets damp around the
ankles, and her skirts swash about her footsteps like a
frantic dishcloth, and her watery gaiters squeak as she
walks like a morsel of cheese curd. When we overtook
her the bright smile that she wore should have kindled
a rainbow.
There lay twelve hundred pounds of horse and no
derrick. The party stood about like monuments dripping
in the rain, while the many-sided man addressed himself
to the stern reality of the occasion, or to be accurate,
of the wheeler dormant. He bowed himself like Samson
134 BETWEEN THE GATES.
upon the pillars. He emulated the " I am thy father's
ghost!" of Hamlet, and did that horse's "tail unfold."
It was a stern pull, a long pull, and a pull in detail;
and that beast, suspended like several swords of Damocles
upon hair, swung slowly round as if he were on a rail-
road turn-table, scrambled up looking as if the wagon
had been drawing him, not he the wagon, and we were
once more under way. The misery of it was the music
of it, and various versions of the story were retailed
about to beguile the long day we sat under the rainy
eaves of the sky, and I hereby entail it on the heirs and
assigns of the Star who played " the heavy part."
The next morning was a delight. The valley swept
out twelve miles to the mountains that were draped in
their Sunday blue. For the first time in my life I walked
among the peach's first-cousins, the almond trees, the
orchard of Ecclesiastes, but the blossoms had ceased to
shine, and the limbs were full of fruit. Five varieties of
stately oaks stood around the house, but the live-oak was
the grandest. Spanish moss hung in festoons and lambre-
quins of gray lace from the limbs, and solemnly swung
in the morning air. They gave a weird and graceful,
but a sad look to the landscape, and reminded me of faded
mourning, draping some old manorial hall for the dead
lord or the lost lady.
"0, the mistletoe bough!" and there it is. All about
upon the oaks hang globes of the Druidical parasite, like
orreries of green planets, and I felt that I was in a
foreign land. I had seen a parasite in the army that
showed gray on the blue blouse, but failed to show well;
and a parasite at the table of his friends; and never one
before that kindled a spark of poetry; but those little
VALLEY RAMBLES AND A CLIMB. 135
emerald worlds on the oaks lighted the way through the
halls of deserted years, and with the Hebrew backward
stejD I walked near enough to hear a voice, clear as a
meadow lai'k's, strike up, when that old song was new,
''The mistletoe hung in the castle hall,
The holly-brauch shone on the old oak wall,"
but the cry of "All aboard ! '" scared the voice away, and
the light of the green planets went out.
The children of the party gathered a heap of moss
that would fill a bed fat enough for a Mohawk Dutchman,
in the vain hope of carrying it home. Do you know that
children are capital baggage to take along upon a journey?
They ballast the grown people, and keep them on an even
keel. It took two to steady our craft. They are full of
exuberance as picnic satchels are of luncheons, and you
can take a little out now and then, when you feel old
about the heart, to make you young again, and nobody
will miss it. Let their names be " entered of record " :
Carrie, the lassie with the gentle grace of patience, and
Knapp, the lad who was never caught napping. May they
live to be gray as the Spanish moss they coveted.
The contrasts of scenery in California are as wonderful
as if you should enter a house by one door and leave it
all wilderness and winter in the front yard, then go out
at another to find it all summer and flowers in the garden.
I had such a transition within an hour. We climbed along
the edges and shelves of rugged mountains, above rivers
in everlasting quarrel with ragged rocks; below heights
walled up with stone ruins from the beginning, and fin-
ished out with the shaggy, russet backs of a thousand
dromedaries; meeting nobody but horsemen with lariats
swinging at their saddles; seeing no human dwelling;
136 BETWEEN THE GATES.
fearing night would come down upon us and no " pillar
of fire" to guide. A few r.attling downward dashes, and
we descended into Knight's Valley, with its homes and its
harvests, its fruits and its flowers, its broad parks peopled
with the weeping oaks. Fancy a fragile, feminine English
willow, droojjing, swaying, married to a husband to match
her, and that husband would be the weeping oak. It is
the blended grace and strength of the vegetable world.
A sturdy trunk, a broad crown, a dense foliage, and then
that jjendent fringe of green, almost sweeping the ground
as it swings in the wind. The level rays of the sinking
sun touched everything with the hazy glory of a gold-dust
air. You wonder how many years it is and how many
degrees away, since you were cautiously creeping along
the brinks of cafions, and it was only an hour ago.
Santa Rosa is a city lost in a flower-bed. You can
find it by climbing a rose-tree as high as a house, and
obe^dng Sir Christopher Wren's marble injunction, " Look
around ! " It has a congregation of three or four hundred,
that, like Zaccheus, worships in a tree, only his was a
sycamore tree. It is the Baptist church, a quaint edifice
of unpainted wood, pleasantly suggesting a rural chapel
in England, and you think of the ancient yew-tree and
the rooks that should be calling. That house was made
of a single redwood; and the interior, from the floor to
the ribbed ceiling, was once wrapped in the same bark
jacket.
And then you cross a street to see a friend of childhood,
a bush that grew by the roadside and showed its sweet
white umbrellas of flowers in spring, and its dark red
berries in fall, whereof a wine was brewed, harmless as
the milk of old Brindle; a bush of whose wood you made
VALLEY RAMliLES AND A CLIMB. 137
your first "deadly weapon," the pop-gun — the elder of
the East. And here is a tree more than four feet in
cii'cumference, and shading the eaves of a two-story dwell-
ing. It is the elder of the old days.
You traverse the Santa Clara Valley, where adobe
dwellings linger still, through Alameda avenue of i)oplars
and willows planted by Jesuit hands a century ago, to
San Jose, and from the vantage-ground of the Court-
House dome you see the horizon of mountains rising,
sinking, receding, nearing, like the billows of the sea,
and just one little way through, down the royal road you
came; and circled by that turbulent horizon, you look
down upon a thousand square miles of semi-tropic beauty.
You see the sinless inhabitants of the Indies, Australia,
Mexico, the Sandwich Islands and Peru, from the stately
palm with such a far-away look that it would hardly
surprise you to see a castled elephant move out from its
shadow, to the painted leaves of Brazil, appearing as if
leopards and tigers had lain down upon them and printed
them off in duplicate.
You look down upon the jAaza which is the public
square, rich as the National Conservatory with foreign
loveliness. You gaze away at the checker- work' of ranches
which are farms. The mallows — the humble thing that
grew about your feet in the East, with its tiny blossoms
no bigger than a vest button, the dairy plant of childhood,
whence you used to gather the little green "cheeses" —
is grown into a tree, and the birds'-eyes of flowers have
thired out like wild roses, and challenge you on tip-toe
to reach them. Booted boys swing by vines an infant
could have broken. You look at familiar things through
a mysterious magnifier. Like urchins you have not seen
' 6*
138 BETWEEN THE GATES.
in ten years, they have all grown out of your knowl-
edge.
A Yankee examines the soil and despises it. He pre-
fers the hillsides of Stonington. The man from Illinois
prairies, who lugs a couple of pounds of mud into the
house to his wife every time it rains, remembers his
level acres in their total eclipse of Ethiopian richness,
and ^regards with contempt the tawny, dusty landscape
before him. He shall see it in winter time, when the
Lord works miracles with the treasures of His clouds;
when the miracle at the w^edding in Cana, where ''the
conscious water knew its God and blushed," grows familiar
and annual, and the water is turned into the wine of
the vine, yea, into bread and to wine. He shall see an
electric energy in this soil that will startle and charm
him; at night that the grain has visibly grown — has
made a Sabbath-day's journey toward the new harvest;
at morning he shall see that the plants that went only
budded to bed have blossomed out in the dark. He won-
ders if Jonah was not here before Jason, and if seeds
fx'om his gourd yet remain. Why not? Grains of wheat
three thousand years old, taken from the robe of a mum-
my, were sown and were grown, and were molded into
bread.
And writing of times so long gone they get new.
You may see at the United States mint in San Francisco
a golden spoon, of as quaint and delicate workmanship
as any of the trinkets of Her Majesty of Sheba. Its bowl
is a leaf, and its handle the wreathed stem it grew on.
It is frail and exquisite enough for the tea-set of young
Cupid. Now the numismatist, if that is the man and
I have hot mistaken the name, declares he has evidence
VALLEY RAMBLES AND A CLIMB. 139
that the spoon was among the belongings of Solomon! If
so, have those pennyweights of pale gold come back at
last, after all the centuries, to their native land? Did
Solomon's ships ever beat up the Pacific coast, and lie oif
and on in sight of the sands of San Francisco? As the
Spanish would say^ Quien sabe?
" Cherry ripe ! " her lips do cry, and here you are in
one of the great cherry orchards of California. The trees
are shaped like little Lombardy poplars, with dense dark
foliage growing down the trunks like green pantalettes.
You see thousands of them of as uniform height as the
Queen's Highlanders. The inevitable John is jDicking the
fruit and white men are boxing it for market, in black,
red and gold tinted mosaics. They handle each cherry
tenderly as if it were glass. Twenty tons have been
forwarded, and they will gather thirty more during the
season. By the little hatchet of Washington, fifty tons
from a single orchard, and not a cherry too many, at
the highest of prices. What an Eden for the robin to
rob in!
One or two of the party who disposed of a dollar's
worth of rubies at a sitting, suffered a slight unpleasant-
ness that could have been covered by an apron without
being alleviated. Those cherries tasted like the little
book that John the Revelator ate, "sweet as honey,"
but — alas !
There is a thistle. At least it would be in the East,
and the farmer would be after it with the hoe of destruc-
tion, but here it has expanded and brightened into a
brilliant scarlet flower, large and handsome enough to
trick out a general's chapeau with a feather. Now, if a
New York girl had that thistle she would welcome it to
140 BETWEEN THE GATES.
her flower-garden, give it a new name ending in " iV,"
like her own, and make a prince of it.
The air is sweet with the yellow glory of the Scottish
broom and strange with the odor of the Australian euca-
lyptus, with its leathery leaves held both sides to the
light; a tree that does not grow soberly, but springs to
the height of fifty feet while your boy is reaching three.
The valley is Elysian, the day is Halcyon, as we set forth
for a mountain ride. The grain in gi'een, yellow, white
and gold unrolls on every hand. We pass fai-m after
farm rich with the fevidences of high cultivation, and not
a laborer in view; home after home with their broad
verandas, and window and door wide open, and not a
soul in sight. Horses by scores, cattle by hundreds, sheep
by thousands, and not a master or a shepherd visible.
Flowers that seem to be keeping house, their pleasant
faces toward the road; vines that show the gentle lead
of woman's hand, and not a chick of a child or a flirt
of a petticoat. It is as if everybody had gone in a
minute, "died and made no sign." Notwithstanding the
lovely landscape and the bright air, a feeling of loneli-
ness "overcomes you like a summer cloud" — and an im-
ported cloud at that. You are in a land where weeds
are in the minority, and Nature does the work. The
country in the wildest jilaces, where man never scarred
it with iDlowshai'e, seems to be a thousand years old.
You cannot abandon the notion that this field has been
tilled and that grove planted by human hands.
ON THE HIGH SEAS.
The road grows narrower and more rugged. We go
down ravines that spread out into little bays of greenery.
VALLEY RAMBLES AND A CLIMB. 141
and then commit suicide by throttling themselves into
gorges. We begin to climb. The mountains grow
saucier and wilder. They act as if they would be glad
to shoulder us out of existence. The ledge of a road is
notched into precipices that tumble a thousand feet down.
It looks like a clock-shelf. It is now rock at the right,
abyss at the left, and now rock at the left, abyss at the
right. The mountains are executing a solemn daijpe, and
as they cross over and back we are lost in the mazes of
the measure. Tall trees lift their crowns almost within
reach, as if they grew from the under-world. Somewhere
below, their roots are holding on with the clutch of a
mighty hand. Rocks hang poised midway above, only
waiting for the passage of the carriage to let all go, and
be aerolites. You fancy the tremendous ricochet when,
with thunder and fire, they shall crash down the gulf,
through splintering of timber as of hurricanes, and rush-
ing of leaves as of driving rains. Then come the zigzag
lifts one after one, and when you reach them you have
reached the last letter in the alphabet of free-and-easy
traveling. They are the Z's of all thoroughfares.
You see that little nick on the brow of a loftier Alp,
like the scar of a sabre-stroke on a trooper's forehead.
That little nick is the road you are going! It is getting
to be nervous work. In places, you can di'op a lead and
line plumb down from the wagon's side into the sunless
depth. All along, fearless flowers, the Indian pinks, the
wild roses, the honeysuckles, the violets, the azaleas, the
blue-bells, the giant asters, cling within reach of your hand
on one side, and smile in their still way as if they said,
"Who's afraid?" but on the other — thin blue emptiness.
The old familiar horizons, that have always clasped you
142 BETWEEN THE GATES.
and kept you from being lonely in the wide world, have
grown alienated and deserted you. See them retreating
away at your left and behind you, slipping off from the
planet and revealing something of what Satan showed
the Savior, " the kingdoms of the world and the glory of
them." And what a stormy world it is! And you climb-
ing a mighty surge and looking across a tumbling ocean
of troubled mountains. You feel as if you were some-
how escaping from yourself into the rarer atmosphere —
a kind of dying without death. Here and there little
cities, the spangled breast-pins of civilization, glitter in
the troughs of the sea. It would not surprise you much
to see them riding the next wave that comes. Russian
River trails along like a streamer lost overboard. The
shaded greens and blues of oak and evergreen, and vines
and flowers, are " woi-ked down," as painters say, like an
ivory picture. Yonder is old Saint Helena, in whose
shadow you traveled for hours, and then climbing over
his hip slipped down on this side of him. You thought
him mighty, but every ravine is dwindled to a wrinkle,
a mere bit of deeper color, and altogether he is shriveled
down to the haystack in the home meadow. Here are
tawny sweeps with the green spray washed off, and
you think of streaks of lurid light from a sun you can-
not see. There, tall cliffs in ethereal robes azure as a
bluebird; yonder, the horizon has broken utterly away,
and the world dim and dimmer is flowing through like
the floating of a veil of gossamer. Pine Mountain in
his dark cloak is in sight. He is a monk among them.
High up the acclivities are scars, as if received in some
old bombardment. They are entrances to the quicksilver
mines. The roads to them are hair-lines in the distance.
" VALLEY KAMBLES AND A CLIMB. 143
THE HOG'S BACK.
Five miles across, and apparently within the toss of a
stone, is the Hog's Back, a spine of a mountain bridging
the valley from side to side, and standing at an angle of
forty degrees. Some hirsute keeper of swine must have
named this gigantic highway. It is complimentary to the
hog, but a libel on the mountain. Think of a mastodon
weighing a hundred million tons forever crossing the
valley and never leaving it, his gray sides and ridged
back lifting vast and bare amid the visible thunders of
the gorges — for have you not seen mountains that looked
thunder as you watched them, as if any moment they
might give tongue and go bellowing down the world? —
and then think of riding after a four-in-hand lashed out
to the reckless, rattling gait of the wild steeds of the
pampas, down that lifted and angry spine, with a sway,
a swing and a sweep, the slopes falling away like a horse's
mane from the ridge, and no more chance of a halt than
if you were riding a cannon-shot. If you can do it and
not feel a cold wave shudder down that spine of your
own, you are fit to sit upon the box with Phoebus, when
he drives his golden chariot down the sky.
The road comes to emphatic pauses before and above
you. It runs out into the air every little way, and dis-
appears like a whitf of yellow dust. You meet it coming
back with a bewildered look on the other side of a gorge,
as if it were lost or discouraged, and were making the
best of its way home. You are sorry for the road and
a little sorry for yourself, but you double back on the
trail as if the dogs were after you in full cry, and follow
on. Some of the party are afraid to look down and
afraid to look up, but nobody is reluctant to look off. It
144 BETWEEN THE GATES.
is going to sea without leaving the shore. At intervals
there are ticklish turnouts projected over the precipice,
with exactly as much railing to them as there is to Cape
Horn, where you doubt whether you want either the rock
side or the air side. What if we meet somebody on the
tape-line of a road between! And we do! Around that
headland come a pair of noses, and there is a simultaneous
cry of " team ! *' The witch of Endor would have been a
more welcome apparition, for we could have driven throuyh
her and not broken a bone. The noses' owners tugged a
wagon into sight with a man and woman in it. It looked
like a dead-lock. Were it not for somebody else the. writer
might have been there yet. You should have seen them
lift that wagon, woman and all, and set two wheels of it
just over the edge of the precipice. Had so much as an
eye snapped with the quick winks some of us executed,
and started those horses, that woman might better have
been dropped from the talons of an eagle into its nest, for
then she would have been some comfort to " the young
eagles when they cry," She was as indifferent as a lay-
figure at a dressmaker's. It seemed to me like threading
a needle with only one chance to do it, and a stitch lost
a life lost. But they hemmed the edge, and as she rode
around the rocky elbow, that woman's square flat back
was as full of expression as her face. They were a match.
Then we made a plunge down the road, and began to
learn our letters on the other side of the mountains. It
was the mightiest hornbook that ever went without covers.
The many-sided man had a foot on the brake, for they
drive with brakes and not with reins in California, and
the horses traveled around the outer edge of visible things
with great humility. In these tremendous ups and downs
VALLEY RAMBLES AND A CLIMB. 145
I think the downs have it. There is such a tension of
feeling about the ascent; such a twanging of violin sti'ings
in the nervous music, as the keys go around and the wheels
go up ; such a thinking that yoii are climbing away from
home and out of the solid world; that you are losing
your standing-room on the planet every long and creeping
minute, as you take the bold diagonals of the mountain
stairs; — all these things temper the grandeur with a touch
of awe, and render the exultation something too solemn
for delight. But your eyes are couched in the clearer
air, and the winds sweeping from crag to crag again, the
broad-winged free-commoners of Heaven, inspire you with
a kind of Independence-Day elation. You set Byron's
live thunders to leaping. The Vale of Chamouni subliming,
" The waters coming down at Lodore," and the Waldensian
Song in full chorus; but you are not apt to do it until
you have gotten a couple of miles nearer the earth's
center of gravity, and are regaling yourself with coffee
and tongue-sandwiches by the roadside.
7
CHAPTER XII.
THE GEYSERS.
HAVING ridden for hours the mountains' heavy seas,
all at once, with slackened trace and tightened
rein and brake hard down, we begin to sink without
drowning. It is something like driving a four-in-hand of
nightmares. Down we go, a thousand feet a mile, now
circling a hill, now balancing as if on the left wing and
now on the right; then with swift dashes and i^ounces,
another thousand feet another mile, and then a final
plunge, and we bring up with a rattling of bolts, a jin-
gling of chains and a sense of satisfaction at the mouth
of Pluton Cafion, and in front of a spacious hotel, with
its broad hospitable verandas, and its doors and windows
all set wide in welcome, like so many pleasant faces
under two rows of broad-brimmed hats. In all California
you will find no house of refuge combining more of rest-
ful comfort, courteous attention, lavish abundance, and
the neatness of a young Quakeress. Amid great oaks and
beautiful flowers stands the very inn the poet Shenstone
would have loved.
So this is The Geysers. You have descended to it
with a bold flight, and it is seventeen hundred feet yet
to the level of the Pacific. You are in a nook of the
world. Around you the mountains lift three and four
thousand feet above the sea, and watch each other across
146
THE GEYSERS. 147
the three-mile chasm. Before you is a gulf with zigzag
paths hidden beneath a luxuriant wealth of foliage. Laurel,
oak, fir, madrona, vine, shrub and flower, are fairly wran-
gling together in their rivalry to see which shall grow the
fastest. You take an alpenstock and a guide, a garrulous
old fellow, who has looked into volcanoes and groped in
caves, and turned his memory into a laboratory for all
sorts of loose mineral specimens and facts. You settle
down in your holdbacks, and walk on your heels. The
mountain shows its elbows all along, as if' to nudge you
off the path. You come to a rustic bridge across a lively
stream of clear cold water. It is the Pluton River.
There are " books in the running brooks " that swell it,
and, what Shakespeare never saw, the speckled trout; for
if he had, he would haye named it on some of his lords'
and ladies' bills of fax'e. The flash of its dappled beauty
might have diverted Ophelia from her " rooted sorrow,"
and even my Lady Macbeth forgotten for an instant that
"damned spot," as she freed with her little hands the
rich flakes from their crisp and golden binding. There
are "sermons in stones" withal, for the Pluton lifts its
voice in loud and cheerful talk as it runs on. A stealthy,
speechless river, like a spy in moccasins, never commanded
my admiration.
You stand upon the bridge and look. The mountain
seems shut before you, and no "Sesame" at hand where-
with to open it. But you listen. The rumble of a grist-
mill, the tumble of a water-power, the hissing of an
engine, the bubble of boiling caldrons, the jar of a dis-
tant train. It is as if the murmuring echoes of a live
world were locked up in the heart of these mountains,
and the disembodied voices were clamoring for escape.
148 BETWEEN THE GATES.
You listen as at the sealed den of some mountain mon-
ster with eyes that light his gloomy cavern. You hear
the craunch as he grinds a bison's bones, and his heavy
snuffing breaths of satisfaction as he rolls them over.
A sudden turn, and the mouth of the caflon swallows
you before you have quite made up your mind that
" Barkis is willing." You follow the crooked trail and
reach the Geyser River, warm for water but cool for tea,
that seems in a tumultuous hurry to get away, for it
tumbles down the giant stairs like the rabble rush of an
unruly school. The great green bay-trees, that flourish
like the wicked, roof you in. The crooked way grows
narrower and wilder. You enter, a craggy grotto of
romance, and from ledge to ledge piirsue your upward
way. The California fashion of giving everything to the
devil prevails here — a fashion "more honored in the
breach than in the observance." The air begins to smell
like the right end of a lucifer match. You are in the
" Devil's Office." It is an apothecary shop. Epsom salts
hang in crystals from the walls of rock; rows of mineral
springs, some of sulphur, some of salt, a trace of soda
hei'e, of iron, there, of alum yonder, each more unpalat-
able than' the other, no matter which end of the stock
you begin at. Here is a stone pot of eyewater that, like
the widow's cruse, never gives out. People think it
strengthens the eyes, and " as a man thinketh so is he."
GOING UP THE CANON.
The narrow caflon opens like a fan. Leaf and shrub
disappear. It is getting serious and sulphurous. Rock
and earth break out with a most extraordinary rash.
The whole family of sulphur, ates, ites and ets, black.
THE GEYSERS. 149
yellow, white and red, are everywhere. All tints of copper,
all shades of iron, strong with ammonia, white with mag-
nesia, gray with borax, crystal with alum. It is as if
there had been a universal wreck by earthquake of all
the chemical warehouses in America, and the debris had
been tumbled into this canon right over an everlasting
furnace, and kept hot, like the restaurants that promise
"warm meals at all hours." The rocks that bound the
narrow gulf are as full of holes as a bank-swallows' vil-
lage. Puffs of steam issue from them like breath from
the lazy nostrils of slumbering mastodons. You are
climbing all the while from crag to stepping-stone, up
rude stairs of rock, around sharp angles, by boiling cal-
drons, over streams of smoking water. The ground is
hot under your feet. Volumes of steam rise in everlast-
ing torment. Here at your right, in a room without a
door, and no place for one, somebody is churning. You
hear the dull thud of the dasher. You stand by a stone
hopper whose jarring, rumbling jolt assures you they are
grinding a grist that nobody has sent you for. As for
the miller, he is not in sight, and you are not curious.
His punch-bowl is even full, his alum kettle on the boil,
it makes your mouth pucker to smell it ; his arm-chair
of solid rock is empty, and you occupy it, the only thing
among his possessions you seem to covet, except his ink-
stand, a broad, liberal piece of furniture filled with a
liquid as ebony as " Maynard and Noyes' best black."
We come to the miller's family kettle, the Witches' Cal-
dron, twenty-five feet around, with a temperature of a
couple of hundred degrees, and filled with a tumbling
ocean of smut tea. It is the busiest place you were ever
in; a paradise of a kitchen for an imps' boarding-house.
150 BETWEEN THE GATES.
Under every foot of ground, behind every rock, within
every crevice, something is frying, simmering, boiling,
gurgling, steaming, fuming. You think the spoons for
supping here should have long handles.
Here is the escape-pipe of a Geyser steamboat. It
rejects the sticks and stones you throw into it, and blows
oflf steam at times with great resentment. They set it to
playing a boatswain's whistle, but it piped "all hands on
deck " so relentlessly by night and by day that the weary
guests at the hotel, a half mile distant, petitioned that
the miller's trumpeter be permitted to lick his lips and
smooth them out of pucker for a long vacation.
The soles of your feet burn. Some chemical rodents
and mordants arc gnawing at the leather. And then you
go up a flight of stairs cut and nicked in the face of a
rocky promontoi-y, and climb to the top of a stone column
with a pulpit upon it a hundred feet high, and rugged
as any a persecuted old Covenanter ever preached from.
A flag-staff is set ujd therein, but the flag that floated
there grew as yellow in the brimstone as a pestilence
signal, and frittered away.
Not satisfied with endowing Satan with everything,
they have proceeded to ordain him, for this is the Devil's
Pulpit. You gaze down from the lofty look-out upon a
winding hall sloping rapidly away toward the bottom of
the caflon, and showing the unrailed galleries and slip-
pery stairways whereby you came, and all one blotch of
confused colors like a wagon-painter's shop-door. You
look through spirals, wisps and clouds of steam, of whiff's
from rocks that have sat down on themselves and fallen
to smoking their pipes. Your mouth tastes as if you
had lunched from a box of matches. You smell as if
THE GEYSERS. 151
you had been out in Sodom's brimstone rain without an
umbrella. You feel as if you had escaped from Tophet's
open mouth; and if not quite so intensely, then as if
you had been basted with brimstone for the cutaneous
effects of that uneasy animal called acarus scabiei. How
much more harmless a thing may be when disguised with
words of which nobody knows the meaning!
The scene is weird. Macbeth's witches, a«?/body's
witches, would be at home there, and set about making
broth of " eye of newt and toe of frog " without so much
as a hint from the miller. Leaving the pulpit, you go
down over the shoulder of the mountain by a pleasant
shady way to Temperance Spring, an artery of splendid
water that the roots of the big trees have vainly tried to
hold in their crooked fingers. You are in a cool and un-
suggestive atmosphere. Some crimson linnets are singing
in the trees, but no bird ever flew into the grim cathe-
dral or rested in the blotched cloisters of the canon you
have left. You halt at the Lovers' Post-Office, where a
rustic seat and a bended tree and a gracious shade invite
you. The great hollow of an oak is filled with cai'ds and
letters deposited there by travelers from all the world;
you read names from New-Zealand, Australia, Brazil,
Hong Kong. It is a cousin of the Charter Oak of old.
Then catching up the broken thread of the trail, you
descend into the unshapely dish of a dead volcano. You
walk on the lava beds where the earth yields noiselessly
to your foot. A cane is thrust into it as easily as into
so much bakers' dough, and when withdrawn a puff of
steam lazily follows. It would hardly surprise you to
hear a discontented snore at the disturbance. One of the
ladies cries " Don't," and you don't. The volcano may not
152 BETWEEN THE GATES.
be dead, but sleeping; let us treat it with respect. We
walk amid the gray Hour of calcined rocks that would
have held an inscription for a thousand years, but they
came centuries ago grists to this mill. True it is, " the
mills of the gods grind slowly, but they grind exceeding
small." You walk across the debatable ground of the
crater with the tiptoe feeling with which you used to
teeter into church in prayer-time, and come on the side
of the volcano to a hot sweat-and-mud bath where the
Indians used to bring their sick to be healed. It must
be the original office of Dr. Thompson, the ancient prince
of steam-doctors, and himself in high esteem. The mill-
er's tea-kettle with its rattling lid above, and its rush of
steam and its tumbling brewing below, is the last of the
miller's hardware that we visit. The orderly strata of
the rocks are torn and twisted out of shape, like a book
of tattered leaves. Bleached, encrusted, spangled like
nuggets, resembling petrified honeycomb, slate, sandstone,
everything, all tumbled out together.
People come here and take a hurried look. They lift
their skirts, and worry about their boots, and fresh from
Icelandic Geyser pictures with their hundred feet of col-
umned water, they think this but a wreck of a chemist's
kitchen. But let them linger; see that mountain fairly
cleft from peak to lowest depth; watch these rocky books
rent from their covers and tumbled into heaps of chaos;
sift through their thoughtful fingers the pale affrighted
dust of stone, ground fine as pollen from a flower; strug-
gle around these quaking, trembling, rumbling, stifling
crags and peaks, like a little steamboat shaking with the
ague of an engine too big for its body; think of these
mountains " rock-ribbed and ancient as the sufi," riddled
THE GEYSERS. 153
with fires and forces no man can estimate; imagine the
intensity of the agencies that keep this wreck of matter
glowing, and these rocks bubbling like the sap in the
sugar-camps in spring; fancy what ruin would be wrought
were these safety-valves to shut; go to the bath-house
beside the Pluton, and grope in the chamber gray with
clouds of steam, or plunge into water hot from the boilers
of a thousand years ; — think, see, and do all this, and you
are inspired with a reverence for these reserved powers
that mutter beneath your feet. See the trees that stand
like tall hall-clocks upon the very rim and wreck of vol-
canic ruin, and time the long-gone day when its grim
thunders ceased, for lo, they have grown grand since
these giants always turning over fell into restless sleep!
BEAUTY IN THE CANON.
But even the grimmest deep of the canon gives birth
to beauty. I first saw the steam's white plumes droop-
ing and drifting away over a mountain shoulder, and
touched with the morning sun. There was the suspicion
of a bow of promise on the clouds. I saw them again
when the day went down the western slope. There was
a flush of glory on the smokes of the old camp-fires.
And all around this place are nooks and alcoves,
picturesque and beautiful. There is one, " The Lovers'
Rest," a sort of shrine beneath the laurel's royal roof,
where sun and shade play hide-and-seek together, and
floor the alcove with curves of green and gold. It hangs
like a balcony above the Pluton River, whose voice comes
up with laughter from its rocky stx'eet. Vines drape the
trees, and wild flowers smile from rugged clefts and swing
above the water. Gray rocks lie quietly about like flocks
lr»4 BETWEEN THE fJATES.
in the fold at night. A mountain clad in broidered uni-
form stands guard to keep the grim-mouthed canon out.
You could not tell it is within a thousand miles.
It was just here that an anniversary overtook us so
strictly personal that the writer hesitated to name it, until
he remembered it was an oifense he could commit but
once in a quarter of a century. His Silver Wedding-day
found him and his at the Geysers, and their kind fellow-
mountaineers made it memorable w^ith cordial words and
pleasant deeds, and under the shade of the laurel, the
voice of mountain birds and Geyser river clear and strong,
the air bright with sun and sweet with flowers, the sev-
enth of June straight down from Heaven, the wedding
feast set forth, the valued friends around, these lines,
written where the miner's wash-bowl used to be in the
old song, " upon my knee," were read, and then " The
Lovers' Rest" was left to its loveliness and loneliness,
and the wedding guests are scattered from the Atlantic
to the Pacific. " Here's a health to them that's awa' ! "
Five and twenty years ago
And two thousand miles away.
With a mingled gleam and glow
As of roses in the snow.
Shines a day!
Only day that never set
In all this world of sorrow, —
Only day that ever let
Weary, wayside hearts forget
To-morrow.
All the world was wondrous fair
To the bridegroom and the bride,
With the lilacs in the air
And the roses all at prayer
Side by side.
In the door stood golden day.
Washed the noon-mark out with light,
Larks half sang their souls away —
Who dreamed the morning would not stay
Until night?
THE GEYSERS. 155
Dim and bright and far and near
le the homestead where we met —
Friends around no longer here,
Rainbow light in every tear —
Together yet!
Ah, the graves since we were wed
That have made that June day dim —
Golden crown and silver head
Always dying, never dead,
Like some hymn-
Some sweet breath of olden days:
Lips are dust— on goes the song! *
Soft in plaint and grand in praise.
Living brooks by dusty ways
All along!
Wandered wide the loving feet,
Some have made the lilies grow,
And have walked the golden street
Where the missing mornings meet
From below.
Night the weaver waits to weave.
Facing north I see unfurled
Shadows on my Eastern sleeve-
Crape of night, but never grieve
For the world.
Now, dear heart, thy hand in mine,
Through clear and cloudy weather,
Crowned with blessings half divine
We'll drink the cup of life's old wine
Together.
In this " Lovers' " perfect " Rest,"
Beside the Geyser river.
Where mountains heap the burning breast
Of giants with the plumy crest
Forever,
New friends grace this Silver Day,
Apples gold in pictures fair,
Bringing back a royal ray
From the everlasting May
Over there.
We lift the prayer of tiny Tim,
"God bless us every one!"
Crown life's goblet to the brim,
While across its Western rim
Shines the Sun.
CHAPTEK XTII.
THE PETRIFIED FOREST.
DELIGHTFUL as it is to go a-gypsying by private
conveyance, you want a touch of the four or six-
in-hand broad mountain stages, good for a dozen and no
crowding. I had such an experience with W. C. Van
Arnira, a knight of the road, not a brigand, but master
of the whip and ribbons. He can play on the reins as
if they were harp-strings. He gathers them up until he
feels every mouth with his fingers, and is en rapport, as
the mesmerizers say, with all of the six. Then that whip
throws out fifteen feet of lash with an electric explosion
at the end of it done up in a silk snapper, and he flicks
the near leader's ear as accurately as you can lay an
argumentative point on one thumb-nail and secure it
with the other. The team gives a step or two of a dance,
and is oflf. It plunges up the pitches like a charge of
cavalry. It dashes around the capes as swallows over a
mill-pond. The leaders have doubled a cape that juts out
above a precipice. The wheelers are making straight for
the chasm at a swinging trot. The leaders are wowhere.
You clutch the seat as the man overboard grasps a hen-
coop, and shrink to the rock side with a pinched feeling
of apprehension.
And yet it is wonderful to see the earth letting itself
down two thousand feet, and holding on with scarred
156
THE PETRIFIED FOREST. 157
fingers and rocky knuckles to the shelf you are riding
upon. You look down. It has taken a river with it, and
never spilled a drop, and there it is hurrying along as if
nothing had happened. You look across the aerial gulf
all free and clear to another world beyond. Sometimes
you feel a disposition to fly, and sometimes you feel as
if you should fly in spite of yourself. You thought all
this since we lost the leaders, for a man thinks fast when
he is going to be hanged or drowned, or tumbled from a
precipice. Those leaders are headed for a point at right
angles to the stage. They must not pull a pound, and
you see why — should they draw, the hind wheels would
be swung around over the gulf, and so you watch the
driver as he flngers out a pair of reins and hauls them
taut. The next pair are slackened upon the wheelers'
backs.
Yonder are four great S's in a row, two boldly curv-
ing toward the gulf, and two hugging the mountain with
the convex side. We strike the first and swing in on a
scurrying trot ; the next and sweep out ; and so till we
have dashed off the S's. It is alcove and column, column
and alcove; we whirl around the cornices and dodge into
the recesses, but the gulf fits the scallop like a glove.
There is no getting rid of it.
You say to Van Arnim in a deprecatory way, a sort
of pray-don't-laugh'at-me air, " Isn't the road pretty nar-
I'ow?" giving a furtive look at the- wheel under your
hand, that rims along the very selvedge with a little
crumbling craunch.
" I have all I can use," is the common-sense reply, as
he touches up the off leader. By-and-by we meet a
heavily-laden wagon in the narrowest of places. Its
158 BETWEEN THE GATES.
driver sees our cavalcade of horses, halts square in the
road — as who would not? — and nervously jerks the lines
this way and that, and his horses swing their heads from
side to side like a garden gate with a boy on it, but the
bodies never move an inch.
" Well," says our driver in a generous way, " which
side of the road do you want? Take your choice, and
get out of the middle of it," That sounds fair, but
then — . At last, after some backing and sheering and
muttering, the wagon is shelved, and the stage just sways
astride of the gulf's brink and pulls through. Who ever
heard of breaking a precipice to the saddle! And so, up
and down, in and out, over and under, we go. It is as
graceful as flying.
The road from the Geysers to Cloverdale is like the
undulations of a strain in Homer. I think a Grecian
could learn to scan it. And there were curious things
on the way. Perched upon a tree over the road is a
specimen of the peacock of the West — a rare bird, and
larger than an ostrich. This one had been repeatedly
shot at by ardent tourists, but they never ruffled a
feather. It is perched there yet. It is a formation of
a redwood limb, and a most remarkable portrait, even
to the tail and the detail of Juno's favorite poultry. Far-
ther on, at the left of the road, is a lean mountain,
its spine showing sharp as a wedge, and gaunt as a
starved wolf.
At the end of this spine, about five hundred feet in
the air, is the profile of a Turk. The face is about
five yards long — face enough for a vender of lightning-
I'ods. The low forehead, the aquiline nose, the mous-
tached lip, the imperial on the chin, and even the eye-
THE PETRIFIED FOREST. 159
lashes, are plainly seen without the help of keen optics
" To see things uot to be seen."
The whole is surmounted by the folds of a turban wound
about with Oriental grace, and Nature has thrust a little
evergreen in it for a plume — or for a joke, either or
both. What innumerable rains have trickled down that
patient nose, is the first thought; and the second, what
touches of wind and water have shaped those features
into everlasting immobility; of what earthquake shock
was that old man of the mountain born, who keeps end-
less watch and ward over the brawling canon. It might
have been there when King Alfred v/as making lanterns.
And it is less than a dozen years since the Turk swelled
the census by one. When the laborers were building
the road, the foreman used to watch the cliff as you
would the gnomon of a garden dial for the time. The
sun struck a little promontory at eleven o'clock, and
one day, in an instant, he discovered the whole face,
and found it was the tip of another man's nose across
which he had been taking sight for noontime.
We rattle down the last declivity of the mountain, ford
the Russian River, and are again within lightning-stroke
of the world; for yonder is a telegraph wire, and this is
Cloverdale and dinner, where the food was cooked first, and
the guests were cooked just after they arrived. The land-
lord, who called himself a double-headed Dutchman, which
means he was High and Low, if not Jack and the Game,
had hidden his thermometer for the comfort of his pa-
trons, but it would have read the temperature up to par
in the shade, if it could read at all.
The day we reached the Petrified Trees was a glarer.
160 BETWEEN THE GATES.
The sun blazed steadily down upon a responsive earth
that blazed back again, and we were between two fires.
It is the cemetery of dead redwoods, solemn as the cata-
combs and looking older than the pyramids. It is a
graveyard where every fallen giant is struck with a rocky
immortality. You are back in the Stone Age. You look
upon the seamed, arid and naked hills covered with un-
lettered monuments, for the face of some Sphinx that has
been staring the centuries out of countenance with its
unspeculative eyeballs. You are met by Evans, the Pet-
rified Charley of the tourists, whose fathers were subjects
of the Great Frederick ; a tough old sailor aforetime,
who having tossed about upon all seas has anchored here
and turned Sexton. His home is a bit of a ship's cabin,
snug and holy-stoned. His slender-waisted fiddle and
some nautical instruments garnish the walls. The bunk
where he "turns in" is neat as a new tablecloth. His
companions are a dog, " Rascal," and a venerable, inquis-
itive and aggressive goat, called " Billy."
Now there was a lady in the party as active as an
antelope and enduring as young hickory. In the best of
senses she would make a " daughter of the regiment,"
that would carry the boys by storm if the enemy failed.
Sparkling with vivacity, ready to scale a mountain or
catch a chicken, she was an antidote to the blues and a
dyspepsia exterminator. Baron Munchausen would have
delighted in her, not because she told stories, but because
she told facts as if they were fictions. " Billy " was
especially deputed to meet this lady, and they met. The
meeting was touching in the extreme. She sprang from
the wagon and grasped him saucily by his venerable
beard — a salutation to which he sternly replied with
THE PETRIFIED FOREST.
161
bowed head, she having given him the cold shoulder an
instant before. She indulged in a slight retrospect, and
Billy gave her a lesson in disjunctive conjunctions begin-
ning with " but." For a man who owns no cow, Evans
has an abundance of butter. The lady sat down upon the
impression her lesson had made, and meditated. I could
hardly abridge my story without omitting the abutment.
A kind of reception-room — or, to carry out the figure,
a receiving- vault — is filled with curiosities of redwood
mortality. Here is
a coiled snake, the
blood-vessels distinct,
every detail perfect,
struck with petrifac-
tion while taking a
nap. Twigs, walking-
sticks, knots, bark, all
as stony as if Medusa
had given them one
of her lithographs of ^
a look. There is no j(;
revelry hei'e. You
would as soon think
of waltzing with a mummy that had dined once or twice
with one of the Pharaohs.- Around us are wooded moun-
tains that shorten the sunshine a couple of hours every
day, relieving the place of a whole month of glow and
glare in a year.
You climb rocky paths, and up and down over knobs
and knolls of bare earth, grass and shrub, and reach the
cemetery, a rough area of twenty acres, where three hun-
dred stone redwoods — sequoias — lie heads down from
7*
--y^y
162 BETWEEN THE GATES.
North to South at an angle of 35°, the roots all being up
the mountain sides, and unpleasantly suggesting apoplexy
had there been any blood or any sap or anything alive
in centuries. Some of them have been exhumed from
the ashen and thirsty soil by the industrious old Sexton,
and some resemble long graves with their covering of
earth. The old man regards these stolid logs as a shep-
herd so many pet lambs. He sees grains of gold in them
where you only see streaks of gray. They are his bread-
winners. He lives with them summers when you visit
him; he lives with them winters when nobody visits him.
Like the hero of Juan Fernandez he has a goat and a
dog, but no " man Friday," and no more wife than Mungo
Park had in the African desert. He pinches in an affec-
tionate way the corrugated bark of these tumbled mono-
liths that once had life, as if they could take a joke. He
picks up a few little stone chips and gives you, but he
is prudent, for he sees thousands like yourself who will
come for more chips.
You clamber upon a fallen monarch with its thirty-
four feet girth and sixty-eight feet exhumed. Here are
the bark, the scars, the knots, as in life, and its rings
chronicle a thousand years! In its glory it must have
been two hundred feet high. Where are the birds to fit
this monster — the birds that nested in its branches —
and what their length and strength of wing and talon?
The breezes that waved its foliage may have been dead
five centuries when the little fleet of Admiral Columbus
felt for wind with their mildewed sails in 1492.
Some of the trees were scathed by flames before they
put Insurance Agents at a discount and became fire-proof,
and here are blocks of charcoal turned to stone. Noth-
THE PETRIFIED FOEEST. 163
Ing was spared by the solemn, silent spell. The scene
brings back the fable of the enchanted palace of Arab
story, where all was stricken with a paralysis of mar-
ble. Several trunks are divided into sections of equal
lengths, and about right to build the generous fires of
our grandfathers; the yule logs of old English Christmas
Eves Some say they broke in falling, driving, drifting,
but there is too much "method in the madness." Those
trees were severed by human hands. Whose hands? God
only knows. By what gales of the elder time, blowing
out of the fierce North, were those gigantic corpses of
ashen gray uprooted and swept South? Did a volcano
shroud them in immortality? Did a cloud from some
mysterious alembic chill and deaden them to stone? If
these desolate heaps of flint and pebbly sand and thin
pinched soil were once a volcano's troubled mouth, the
furnace fires went out perhaps before the Conqueror's
curfew rang in Saxon England. What a rocking of the
cradle there must have been when the earth quaked, and
lava put these trees in flinty armor, and transfused their
164 BETWEEN THE GATES.
veins with dumbness! If Agassiz could have been pil-
grim here before he went abroad, we might have known
— perhaps.
You pick up chips that are rocks, write your name
uix)n bark as uiwn a slate, and your first feeling as you
traverse the graveyard is disappointment. But the grand-
eur of the scene grows u^wn you as you look and think.
Here is something out of the common reckoning. The
silence of the place is eloquent as speech. These head-
long trees are the heroes of old elemental wars. They
are dgad on the field. They are pre-historic giants.
Young oaks, but older than the Declaration, have
crowded up through the shattered and helpless dead.
They exult amid the wrecks of a grander time, like
young Mariuses amid Rome's ruins. They are the living
dogs, and are they not better than the dead lions beneath
them? Then, all at once, it occurs to you that these
redwoods are the fallen columns of classic temples, " God's
first temples." What would you not give to know the
story of this necromantic place! Did any eye that ever
wept in human sympathy behold the transformation ?
Did mortal music ever ring amid the columned arches of
this wood? Who sang, what tongue, what theme?
You turn from the rent and rigid earth, no springs
of living water at your feet, no shadow overhead; from a
spot where some mysterious force in the gone ages cried
"halt!" to life — and life, with pulses turned to rock and
pliant limb to adamant, obeyed. Life halted, but death did
not succeed it; death which is change, which falters at
time's touch into dust that is driven to and fro of winds
in helpless, hopeless atoms. They are old as the hills, and
yet were born into the knowledge of modern man but
THE PETRIFIED FOREST.
165
sixteen years ago. You are glad to get away from Na-
ture out of business; Nature that has closed accounts
with life and time.
Altogether, to a thoughtful man, the Petrified Trees
are the most impressive things in California. They over-
whelm your vanity with gray cairns of what once danced
in the rain, whispered in the wind, blossomed in the sun.
We need not go to the realms of spirit to apply the
words of Hamlet. The royal Dane would have said them
here had he walked in this graveyard : " There are more
things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamed
of in our philosophy!"
CHAPTER XIV.
HIGHER AND FIRE.
THE Russian River Valley is fertile as Egypt and fair
as Italy. It is two hours from San Francisco, but
two weeks nearer the Equator. We halted at Healdsburg,
a pleasant town that gave us a welcome warm enough to
cook an omelet. "Sotoyome" names a hotel, but as it
means valley of flowers, it might well christen the whole
region. We stopped at the "Sotoyome." There is a funny
little affectation of grandeur in the way of announcing
arrivals at modern caravansaries. Thus you read that
A B has " taken rooms " at the Cosmopolitan. You call
on A B, and you find him in number 196, fourth floor
back, quite above the jurisdiction of the State, and higher
than you have ever gotten since you took the pledge;
one chair, one pillow, and eyed like a Cyclops with one
window; a room as hopelessly single as Adam seemed in
his bachelorhood. But "rooms" is statelier, and we all
enjoy it except A B, who skips edgewise to and fro
between trunk and bed, as if he were balancing to an
invisible partner.
The Russian River, which is not a rushing river in
Summer, courses its way oceanward. This country has a
history. As late as 1845 the Russians laid claim to it and
erected a fortress and raised wheat, and placed a tablet
upon Mount Saint Helena that shows his blue-caped shoul-
106
HIGHER AND FIRE. 167
der at the eastward, and inlaid an engraved plate of
copper bearing some household words from Moscow, and
pronounced it a goodly land and desired it for their own.
Meanwhile the Spanish Governor dovvn the Coast was
fulminating with his Toledo blade, because of the inroad
of the furry bears of the North. The svibjects of the
Czar have gone, but they left their name on the river.
Thermometers run highest in low latitudes. Once find
out that peojjle Atlanticward go into country places to
get cool, and you may be sure that on the Pacific they
v/ill travel in the opposite direction for the same purpose.
They do. We had left blankets by night and flannels
by day for several degrees of the temperature that all
Christians pray against. That ambitious young man,
Longfellow's Excelsior, must have fired the mercury with
a passion to look down upon hira. It ran up the degrees
as the nimblest member of Hook-and-Ladder Company
Number One climbs a ladder at a fire. It stood on tlie
hundredth round in the shade, and everybody shed his
coat and jacket. Like an onion, he came off rind by
rind. He husked himself like an ear of corn.
I sat under the vine and fig-tree of a friend — it was
a Smyrna fig and full of fruit, and I fancied I was in
Smyrna. "In the name of the prophet, figs!" His first
look at a fig-tree takes a man back to the day when,
with his two unclouded eyes even with the counter, like
a pair of planets just ready to rise, he produced a cent
and demanded a fig. There were more cents'-worths of
comfort in tliat drum of figs than in a whole orchestra
to-day. The tree was Eve's live clothes-line. She found
her aprons on it, though she never hung them there. Its
name has been upon the Savior's. lips. It is a Bible tree.
168 BETWEEN THE GATES.
It is strange to see it growing by the roadside, with its
dark green grape-vine leaves and its pear-shaped fruit.
You smile to find the little figs, each with its own apron,
come right out of the tree complete from the first, and
no announcing flourish of blossom. Once a fig, always a
fig.
Oranges were ripening near by. I made believe I was
in Florida. The thermometer went up to 106°, and I saw
a cactus that had grown by diagonals, until the topmost
pin-cushion was eighteen feet from the gi'ound, and edged
with a fringe of pink tassels of flowers, and I dreamed I
was in the Bishop's garden in Havana. The silver marrow
in that glass spine stood at 110°, between two thicknesses
of trees and a vine. A thermometer is a damage in hot
weather. It heats and aggravates the observer with a
sort of metallic maliciousness. I put it in the sun to
kill it. There it stood, straight as a bamboo, not ten
feet from my chair, and grew to 140° in six minutes,
and was as sound as ever. I brought it back in my
wrath and watched it go down, and so did a crimson
linnet who sat on a cherry-tree, with his wings at trail
arms and his mouth open. The volatile god sank to 110°
and — stood still. I thought of going for a piece of ice
to make him reasonable; thought if I could only see that
glittering column at a comfortable ninety, I should be
more comfortable myself. There was a pomegranate in
bright blossom at my left, and a nectarine doing its best,
and I was away in Palestine in a minute. That thermom-
eter embraced the opportunity to try another round, and
stood at 112°.
A tree with its fruit of violet green was not far ofl'.
It was an olive. Noah had seen a branch from another
HIGHER AND FIRE.
169
just like it, borne back by the bird to the boat that was
waiting for land. It has ever been the emblem of peace
since it brought joy to the heart of the first Admiral
that ever floated. What are olives in pickle and olives
in oil to the living tree ! And while I was gone to Italy,
the mercury watched its chance and the premium on quick-
silver was fourteen per cent. It
stood at 114°. I looked between
the trees upon the plaza and saw
the hot air dancing up and down
in the sun as if, like some old
Peruvian, it was a worshiper of fire.
I thought I would go to the next
corner, took an umbrella and went
two rods. Nobody could tell which
was the hotter, the sun or the earth.
The ground flared like the throb-
bing breath of an engine with the
furnace door open and its red vitals
inflamed by a gale of forty miles
an hour. Then I knew I was in
Arabia, and looked out for some
stray sheik with a fleet of the
" ships of the desert." It always
appeared to me a piece of cruelty
to make a beast of burden of a camel, when the poor
animal has to carry the most of himself packed in bales
upon his own back. It is an ungenerous indorsement.
As I went that two rods, and it seemed as if my
umbrella would wilt like a poppy, I understood for the
first time the dignity of the African potentate, one of
whose titles is " Lord of the Four-and-Twenty Umbrellas."
8
170 BETWEEN THE GATES.
I knew why he has so many. It is the census of his
entire wai'drobe. With the air at 145° and the earth
you walk on trying to get as hot as the sun, one poor
little parasol is worthless. What you want in such a
country is a pair — an umbrella at each end: one to keep
the earth off, and one to keep the sun off. It was some
comfort when the lightning came along the wire with the
word that at Cloverdale, sixteen miles distant, the mer-
cury was 118° and everybody alive but those that were
dead before; and that at Skagg's Springs, where people
go to be hai)py, it was 100° at bed-time, and bed-time
was postponed till morning.
It helped me, too, when a lady of our party, a moral
niece of George Washington, and as incapable of telling
a lie as her uncle was, assured me that it has been liot-
ter out of the place that the Three Worthies occupied,
and in this region also, than we were being " done
brown" in; that she saw a little prisoner of a ground-
squirrel, whose cage was hung In the sun against a wall
and forgotten, actually melted to death by the blaze, like
a candle in the fire.
How much better we can bear other people's sorrows
than our own! How resigned we are at their bereave-
ments, aftd how nobly we withstand their temptations!
If, with the same set of qualities, we could only be
" other i^eople," what a model of human kind every one
of us would be!
Some fruit was baked on the sunny side, some flowers
wilted, but altogether those furnace days spurred vegeta-
tion into a Cantei'bury gallop. And the wind blew out
of the North, and the harder it blew, the hotter it grew.
It was as enlivening as the Sirocco. It was the Sirocco
if it was not a Simoom.
HIGHER AND FIRE. 171
Going that two rods, I saw two young human animals;
one had legs like a pair of parentheses ( ), and an abridg-
ment of a blue calico frock; the legs of the other were
straight as the arrows of Apollo, and her dress was bright
and gauzy as a June cloud. The first was a Digger
Indian's papoose, with beady eyes, a crafty look, hair cat-
black and " banged." The last had eyes blue as a lupin
and clear as a China saucer, wavy hair almost the color
of corn silk, and the complexion of a sea-shell. I felt
in the case of the papoose that it would hardly be a sin
to set a trap for it, and yet the dusky mother flung it
over her shoulder and nursed it as if it were worth
saving! "What numberless degrees between the pet and
the papoose, and where shall we look for the link? They
were both fire-proof, played bare-headed in the sun and
were not consumed.
A band of Digger Indians in the valley gave an
opportunity for the pursuit of Natural History. Several
squaws were pursuing minute specimens of it also, as,
like deck-passage ideas, they swarmed the heads of the
papooses. But there is no room for anything in the
hold. I saw foreheads belonging to stalwart fellows that
were barely an inch high, and the hair grew boldly
down, like a bison's, almost to the brink of the eyes. It
is surprising that John has not caught one of them and
made an idol of him.
We hear of people dying violent deaths. Under the
impulsive temperature of some California valleys, I think
it may be said that the animal and vegetable world live
violent lives. Something bit ray hand under a snug kid
glove one of those torrid days. It was a vicious bite,
sharp as a trout's. The glove came off, and there was a
172 BETWEEN THE GATES.
little beast that looked like a flax-seed, but the hot weather
had given him the voracity and vivacity of a shark. He
didn't mean anything. It was only liis incisive way of
speaking to me.
We boys, you know, used to thrust a sprig of live-
forever in the crack of the wall to see it grow, and
thought it wonderful that a poplar whip or a currant
slip would furnish its own root, and go into the business
of independent living. In California you can thrust a
peach limb in the ground, and it will turn into a tree.
An old resident on the Pacific Coast and an older friend
of mine, set a bit of a budded branch in the earth one
November, and the next July it bore a peach as large as
a big fist. A cast was made of the prodigy, and when
I saw it a sentiment of gratification possessed me that
my cane is tipped with an iron ferrule, lest it should
take root while I halt to greet a friend, and give me
trouble! If there is one place better than another for
people given to lying, it is California; for no matter how
strange the story they tell, it is pretty sure to be verified
somewhere in the State. Example: A calla-lily may be
in full chalice out-of-doors, and the ocean fog may case
its leaves in ice till it looks like a lily of glass and frail
as a damaged reputation. But that lily is no more
harmed by it than it would be by a summer dew in
New York. The sun comes up and the ice melts, and the
flower is as fresh as ever. And thus you have a sort of
January-and-June Millennium.
There is no gradual shading out of anything in Cali-
fornia. The rapidity of the contrasts is the wonder of
them. A boy is a man, a girl is a woman, before you
know it. You are kept in ceaseless astonishment because
HIGHER AND FIRE. 173
everything young is so old, and everything old is so
young. It is quite impossible to tell what anything will
be till it is.
In San Francisco there is no long-subsiding Eastern
twilight, that goes down like a great maple-and-hickory
fire, to a bed of glow, then red shadows, then memory,
then the dead past, then night, without startling you.
It is the turn of a wrist. Day is shut off and darkness
turned on. You wake up in the night, and all at once
it has got to be day. There are no twilight lovers on
The Coast. The whispered momentous nothings, that
seem to . require a little toning down of the light in
other countries, are uttered here in broad day, without
so much as the protection of a parasol. It is an open-
handed, open-spoken, open-hearted land. There are fewer
back-doors than elsewhere. Vice goes in and out of
mansions whose tenants' names are done in silver upon
the panels of the front enti-ance: "Rose," "Jenny,"
"Kitty"; but not the names their mothers called them
by, and a "rose by any other name smells" just the
same. People see more and look less than in lands
nearer the North Pole.
Elsewhere people covet the shade. Here they sit in
the sun. The beautiful parks where trees shed grateful
shadows are not resorts, unless they can find some happy
spot just ready to take fire with the noontide blaze.
They are baskers, and when the stranger thinks it a
perfect temperature, San Francisco goes country ward to
boil its blood down in a semi-tropical kettle, and make
it a little thicker and richer.
And it was at Healdsburg that we got into the
kettle!
CHAPTER XV.
A MINT OF MONEY.
MY rooms front a massive building of British Colum-
bia and California granite. Its severe and classic
fa9ade with six huge stone columns like fluted and petrified
pines, and its ponderous doors of iron, contrasts too vio-
lently with the light and uncertain architecture of a city
of wood. There is rock enough in the steps to make a
score of Plymouths, a geological fragment that, according
to the euphemism of the poet, "welcomed our sires." It
was about such a greeting as the royal boy with his
clever sling and a paving-stone from the brook Kedron
gave the giant.
The building is called by one of Juno's nicknames.
Like the modern young woman that can afford it, she had
several surnames — her mother never knew the half of
them, — and one of them was Moneta, coi'rupted by her
intimate friends into " Mint." When the Caesars and the
gods were in power, money was coined in her temple at
Rome, which was handy for her when Jupiter fulminated
about her pin-money. From this bit of Latin history
anybody can see that it is the United States Temple of
Juno of which I am writing. It is one of the largest
and most complete in the world.
Sometimes the gray front, as you watch it, takes a
yellowish tint as if a marked case of jaundice had struck
174
A MINT OF MONEY. 175
through three feet of stone from the bilious treasure
within. It is the reflection of a cloud overhead. You
look up and see plumes of golden smoke floating from
one tall hat of a chimney, and silver ones from another.
There is a laboratory suspicion in the air as if there were
trouble in the acid family, and Nitric, Sulphuric and
Muriatic were quarreling with somebody. To talk of
gold and silver smokes from a mint is no cheap magnifi-
cence. That smoke starts for the outer air with precious
things that do not belong to it. Silver and gold get
wonderfully volatile when you crowd them with fire,
and become " the riches that take to themselves wings
and fly away." Before that smoke escapes, they tire it
out by compelling it to travel a zigzag hall of a flue,
and drown it two or three times in reservoirs on the
way, so that the precious particles tangled in its folds
may drop down in the water, and leave the impoverished
vapor to take care of itself. A mint chimney is a sort
of pipe for Midas to smoke.
The precious metals are baking, boiling, frying, in the
furnaces below. To call the smoke golden is no fancy.
Little fortunes go up in those cloudy volumes sometimes.
The dust that had .settled upon the asphalt roof of the
Philadelphia Mint in a quarter of a century was recently
removed, and almost a thousand dollars in gold and silver
that had fallen out of the smoke were obtained. But
then you have seen plain blue smokes issuing from a
man's mouth, that in three years carried off a thousand
dollars, though not a dime of it ever fell anywhere.
I watched the Mint several days before I ventured
to go into it, lest it might make me covetous, or avaricious,
or discontented with the sort of postal-currency fortune
176
BETWEEN" THE GATES.
I possess. There was always something going up and
coming down that cruel pile of stone steps. Every day,
Express wagons and huge drays with elephantine horses
came and went. They brought tons of silver bricks and
loads of gold bullion. They drew away hundreds of
thousands of dollars in coin. I saw the great horses
gather themselves up for a scratch of a pull when they
started the solid load on the level pavement. Every day,
men and boys with shouldered canvas bags of coin went
Qoc
^^'^ Cataract of 7-//£- oqq^ step&
up and down. A bag of bullion on a shoulder is as
common as a gold epaulette was in the Mexican war.
Every day a wooden spout, a great eaves-trough, was
laid from the top of the steps to the waiting wagons,
and bags of silver and boxes of gold were shot down
the trough with a metallic chink sweeter to most ears
than the chimes of old Trinity, until the great dray was
packed as snug with bags as ever was a miller's wagon
with flour. 1 noticed that pedestrians hastening by came
to a halt and helped me watch; that horsemen drew rein
A MINT OF MONEY. 177
and looked; that eddies of people whirled around the
wagons and stood still, like friends reverently regarding
the face of the dead; that little girls and boys ran up
and down the steps beside the auroduct — that word is
private property — the treasure-spout, and touched the
bags as they tumbled their way down, as if there were
healing in them like a touch of the king's garments.
Gold and silver inspire pr-ofound respect. They are the
better part to most men as they are the better part of
some men. It may be true that "a fool and his money
are soon parted," but it is equally true that a fool married
to his money ought to be divorced.
For twenty-five years the Pacific Slope furnished four-
fifths of all the gold produced. For twenty-seven days
of July, 1877, there were one hundred and sixty-five
meltings of $60,000 each, giving sixty-six hundred ingots,
or almost ten millions of gold. During the four years
ending July, 1877, thirty-five hundred and twenty-two
tons of silver were received, and eight hundred and twen-
ty-three tons of gold. The coinage for 1876-7 reached
fifty millions of dollars.
But you do not wait for me, but cross over to the
Mint.
ALADDIN'S CAVE.
You climb the pyramid of steps and enter halls and'
rooms that with their stone floors, walls and ceilings are
rocky as the Mammoth Cave. Everything reverberates.
The voice has a sepulchral ring. If you can fancy a
vehement ghost calling the cows, you know how it sounds.
Your gentle-spoken friend talks so loud you cannot hear
him. You are in the mill where money is made. You see
the raw material, fresh from the mines, piled around like
178 BETWEEN THE GATES.
bricks in a kiln. They ore bricks. Here is enough in
this vault to build a stone wall of gold around your gar-
den spot It is an Emerald bull, but it gives the idea.
The precious metals run to brick here — brick without
straw. Ah, if the poor Israelites had possessed such ma-
terial to work, there would have been no complaint in
Pharaoh's brick-yard. Here are four gold cubes. They
weigh about ninety pounds apiece. You can carry a
couple for the gift of them, and you would have fifty thou-
sand dollars. Yonder are two pieces of hardware from
Mexico. They are gold and silver together, and shaped
a little like blacksmiths' anvils before their horns are
grown. They are awkward things to handle, for they
have no bails to them, and they weigh more than five
hundred pounds apiece. They are made to be robber-
proof, for if Mexican bandits attacked the train, they
could not very well get off with such hardware at their
saddle-bows.
You get used to the solid real of poor Clarence's
dream — " great heaps of gold " — in an astonishingly short
time. The avaricious man who sees blocks of silver piled
as high as his head, and double bricks of yellow gold
heaped about, is apt to swallow a little, as a hungry dog
does when he sees his master eating a good dinner and
never tossing him a bone. But the ordinary soul grows
familiar with it at once. You see a million in one little
windowless chamber, a half million in another. You see
it in grains, dust, ingots, chips, nuggets, bars. You see
scalloped sheets of silver and gold, resembling the tin-
ner's scraps when he has been cutting out the bottoms
of little patty-pans. Out of them came the birds called
eagles, and the bantam poultry of fives, trade dollars,
A MINT OF MONEY. 179
halves, and the chickens of quarters and dimes. You see
little iron-wheeled one-man-power trucks called coaches,
drawn about from room to room. Here are two laden
with gold bars.- You are engine enough to draw the two
en train, and your freight is worth $250,000. You see
every day silver sufficient to make a new sarcophagus for
St. Alexander Newsky, at Moscow, the solid silver trinket
that weighs three thousand two hundred and fifty pounds.
Nothing here puzzles you like values. They are con-
densed into a wonderfully small compass. You are in
the gold ingot room, and you pick up a bar about a foot
long, an inch and a half wide, and three times as thick
as the snug-setting maple ruler with which you used to
be ferruled. You could slip it up your sleeve if that
gray-eyed man, who would be your " man of destiny " if
you did it, were not looking at you. You mentally cut
it into eagles as you hold it, and it turns out sixty of
them, but the melter quietly tells you it is worth fifteen
hundred dollars. I laid mine down immediately. Dia-
monds never impress me at all. When I hold one that
is worth twenty thousand dollars, it inspires no respect.
I am not well enough acquainted with the pure carbon,
but gold in any unfamiliar shape perplexes me. You see
little wedges of gold weighing five or six pounds, that
could split a tough knot of financial difficulty for you
without a blow of the beetle. Here is gold in amalgam.
Quicksilver, or lead, or something base, lurks in it. Every-
thing that lurks is base. It has about the glory of yel-
low ochre, and looks a little like a cake of beeswax. The
average weight of a silver bar is twelve hundred ounces.
If you can get away with one, you have stolen thirteen
hundred dollars, but so long as it is bullion it is an ele-
180 BETWEEN THE GATES.
phant. You cannot pocket it, nor chip it for daily use,
nor put it in your hat. You dislike to- leave it at home,
and you cannot take it abroad. You can do as " the
People" did — set it up and worship it, and make a calf
of yourself. It is merchandise.
IS IT WORTH IT?
Go down into the mine for treasure.* Consider the
blasting, the digging, the groping in the sunless dens of
Plutus. Think of the slippery Grecian god, lame in the
feet and slow to come to you; swift in the wing and
fast to §y from you; blind in both eyes and weak in
the head. See the cradling, the panning, the crushing.
Hear the craunch of the quartz mills that grind the
golden samp. See it subjected to fire and water, moulded,
weighed, stamped, packed on mules, borne in great wagons
through gorges, down mountains, until at last, the next
heaviest thing to sin, it is delivered at the Mint, to be
turned into the magic something that will off-set all the
products and possessions and covetings of man, from a
violin to a vote. There are four things it will not pro-
cure, because they are never for sale: honor, honesty,
happiness, and content.
And here we will take it at the door of the Mint
and follow it through sultry baths and glowing tires, and
crushing presses and gentle touches, where strength han-
dles it, and science assays it, and law adjusts it, and skill
finishes it into the sparkling clean-cut disc at last, and
we shall say that the stricken coin is the perfection of
humail handiwork, and shall almost doubt whether it is
worth the toil and time and danger it has cost.
You enter the Receiving Room, where the precious
A MIKT OF MONEY. 181
metals in every form, from ponderous brick to little
packages of scraps, grains and dust, broken rings, trinkets,
everything in gold and silver, are received, weighed,
checked and recorded. Before the counter stand miner.
Chinaman, messenger, agent, with bags and purses, each
waiting his turn. If he comes to-morrow, he can get
the value of his venture in coin of the realm, sparkling
and bright. Here they can weigh the hundredth of an
ounce. No sooner do a few grains of gold enter here
than they are beset and followed and watched every step
of their travels, by check, tag and way-bill, " up-stairs,
down-stairs and in ray lady's chamber"; when they go
into the little iron boxes, when they are locked in the
little trunks; when they tumble into the crucible; when
they come out of the fire; when they flow into the mould;
when they plunge into the water; when they roll out
into ribbons; when they are cut into wheels.
In twenty-seven days there have been nine hundred
and sixty-seven deposits. They involve eleven thousand
six hundred and four records, entries, checks, tags. They
appear in all sorts of books, big and little, expressed in
all sorts of ways; their chemical biography is written
out, their weights and values are computed. They assume
Protean shapes. They are solids, they are fluids, they are
almost . volatile. They boil as water, they float as vapor,
they bend as steel. They change colors as chameleons.
There is a glass of green liquid — it is silver. Here is a
little bottle of red wine — it is chloride of gold. It would
cost eighty dollars and a life to drink it.
You follow a brick of gold into the Melting Depart-
ment. Here is weather for you! The twelve furnaces
are glowing all about you. The iron eyelid of one of
182 BETWEEN THE GATES.
them is thrown up, and the very essence of fire winks at
you. When you are 108° it is your last fever. When
the steam is 212®, away dashes the locomotive. But here
is a crucible in the heart of a fire urged to a volcanic
glow of 2112°. In the crucible is gold, and the gold
boils like a tea-kettle. If you are curious to know what
the salamander of a crucible is made of, it is sand and
plumbago. The air you breathe before the fui-nace doors
is 130°. The men, some of them are giants, are stripped
like athletes. Sweat rolls off like rain. The floor is
stone, and carpeted with iron lattice. Every day this is
removed, the dust swept tip and saved for the precious
particles that may be in it. There is no such thing as
a trifle in this mint. A grain of gold inspires as much
respect as an ingot.
WASHING DAY.
Gold and silver are in unsuspected places. They are
in the air, in the water, under foot. There is little you
can call " dirt " in most parts of the Mint without being
guilty of a misnomer. And just here we may as well
gossip by the way about the curious domestic fashions
within these walls. For one of them, they wash their
clothes once a year! The rough dresses of the men in
the furnace rooms, and out of which they husk, them-
selves daily after the work is done, never leave the Mint
after they enter it, until they have been washed span-
clean. The aprons worn by the seventy ladies — to whom
you will be presented by-and-by — are also washed in the
Mint laundry. The method of washing is unique. They
just put them in the furnaces, and they are cleansed in a
twinkling. A ten-dollar suit may be worth five after it
A MINT OF MONEY. 183
is burned up, and an old apron bring money enough to
buy a new one. When they take up carpets they do not
chastise them with whips and broomsticks, after the man-
ner of good housewives, filling their lungs with dust and
the premises with confusion, but they just bundle them
bodily into the fire; and it is generally calculated that
the destruction of an old carpet, after three years of
wear, will about buy a new one. A mint is the only
place in the world where a conflagration produces its
pwn insurance money. The ashes of these clothes and
carpets are carefully gathered, sifted and washed,, and out
come the truant gold and silver they contain. This will
seem strange to nobody who remembers how the Pillars
of Hercules on the old Spanish quarters were worn away,
particle by particle, by thumbs and fingers.
MIDAS'S KITCHEN.
But we are yet in the Melting Department, which is
a melting department. They take the pots of fluid gold
and silver out of the fires with tongs. They pour them
into iron moulds. They stamp them with a number.
They refresh them with a bath. They scrub them with
diluted sulphuric acid for soap, as zealous mothers wash
their children on Saturday nights with Colegate and water.
They are ingots at last. Here a man is sweeping up the
dust and ashes before a furnace. He is scraping out the
dross from the empty crucibles. They are ground under
a pair of iron grind.9tones, called a Chile-mill. It looks
like an awkward cart forever starting to go somewhere
and never going. The crushed rubbish is swept out into
copper wash-bowls, water is let on, and the old twirl of
the pan clears the metal from dust and disguise. It is
184 BETWEEN THE GATES.
the process of the early miners. The " color " begins to
show. White and yellow particles sparkle in the basins.
It " pans out " well. And that is melted and follows the
bar as a jolly-boat tags a frigate.
BRICKS AND HOOP-POLES.
Here are gold and silver bricks. Two little chips
have been nicked out by the assayer and tested. He
knows their fineness to a thousandth. They are parceled
out each with its little red copper cake and crumbs of
alloy, that look good enough to be eaten. They come
out of the furnaces and turn into ingots which are rul-
ers. They are the color of Gunter's Scale, but four times
as thick. You follow them to the drawing room.
A wry-mouthed machine, looking as if an effort to
laugh was distressing it, is waiting there for a bite at
one end of each ingot. The monster being satisfied, the
unfortunate ingots are then run over and under by two
cylinders, that draw them into hoops three and a half
feet long and one and a half inches wide. You fancy
Bacchus's private keg might be girded with them. They
are locked up in copper tubes, that might be the corpses
of telescopes, thrust into ovens and baked till the yellow
gold is white with wrath and caloric. They are relieved
with a cold bath, which comforts you, and then are drawn
into splendid ribbons, richer than any in the window of
the Queen's milliner, and worth, some of them, five hun-
dred dollars a yard. Not satisfied yet, the workmen
throw them into another annealing fever, to warm all
the brittleness out of them. Then they anoint the silver
ribbons and wax the gold ones, that they may run with-
out complaint between a pair of steel rollers that travel
A MINT OF MONEY. 185
as true as a consistent christian, and are at last finished
to a mathematical nicety. You follow the ribbons — as
you have often done before you ever saw a mint — follow
them to the cutter, where the little white and yellow
wheels are riddled out that keep the great woi'ld rolling.
You may talk of machinery, but the motive power of the
commercial world is a wheel without steam, axle, crank
or patent, that you can carry in your pocket.
The wheel of the magnificent engine in the Mint, the
heart of all its mechanical motions, and as good as a
team of two hundred and forty horses — an engine that
looks like the portico of a Greek temple — that wheel
weighs forty-five thousand pounds, and the double eagle
in your pocket has more power than the wheel.
The little wheels are called planchets, but they resem-
ble big blind buttons more than money; of course I mean
buttons with no eyes. You watch the four cutters that
play like the tick of French clocks in a race. See the
silver for dimes dance out like rain drops, two hundred
and sixty in a minute. Watch the double eagles rattle
f'(;wn in a golden shower, at the rate of fourteen thou-
sand an hour, two hundred and eighty thousand dollars
in sixty minutes. Yonder, smooth-faced quarters glitter
like the scales on a whitefish.
The planchets pursue their pilgrimage to the wash-
room, that, with its copper tubs and steaming suds, is a
great laundry* Here their stupid faces are washed, then
shuffled into pans filled- with sawdust from the German
linden, as country girls wash their faces in bran to get
off the tan. Then they are shoveled up and borne away
to the Adjusters. There are seventy of them and they
are ladies. There they sit in long rows before tables,
8*
186 BETWEEN THE GATES.
each with a little pair of scales before her, like so many
goddesses of justice, only they are not blindfold, as you
may know by the glance of their eyes. Each is armed
with a- file. She weighs each piece. If too light she
casts it aside. If too heavy she cunningly twirls it be-
tween a fore-fijiger and thumb and touches the edge so
delicately with the file that it would hardly rasp away
the dust from a butterfly's wing. An instant touch
brings the piece to the standard. The dust of the filings
falls upon an apron and into a zinc drawer. At the
year's end the contents, finer than pollen, are made into
a bar. Thirty ladies will adjust two hundred and twenty-
five thousand dollars in a day, and thirty-five will bring
forty thousand trade dollars to the standard. The trade
dollar is a large silver coin, as handsome as a medal,
chiefly used in the traffic with China, and worth nearly
a hundred and nine cents. Women's fingers grow won-
derfully swift. Three ladies sit in that corner who assort
the .planchets, throwing out the defective ones, at the
rate of twenty thousand half dollars in eight hours; sixty
thousand pieces for the trio.
You follow the planchets to the milling machine, where
they are squeezed in a half circle of a waltz so vigorously as
to raise the edge on the two sides of the coin. In the Mint
vernacular it has ceased to be a planchet and becomes a
blank, takes another washing to make it tender-hearted,
ind here it lies at last with a face and no more metal-
lic lustre in it than an ivory button. It has been fright-
ened white by an acid, and is ready for the great trial
of its life. It is to be coined. There stands the machine
to give " head and tail to it," endow it with the angel
of Liberty on one side and the eagle on the other, and
A MINT OF MONEY. 187
fit it with its corrugated edge like one of Queen Eliza-
beth's collars, all in an instant with a single motion, and
a pressure of one hundred and seventy-five tons. A pair
of automatic steel fingers seizes each piece, passes it for-
ward to be stamped at the rate of eighty a minute.
There the half dollars come sparkling out, pressed into
brilliance and beauty. They have ceased to be blanks.
They are money at last, and eagle and angel are ready
to fly. You stand by a stamping machine that has been
kissing gold for twenty-four years, into double eagles.
In that time it has osculated four hundred millions of
dollars into being. You saw it kiss a blank just now
with all the perfection of its first touch. And that
gentleman with silver in his hair has superintended for
all these years these tremendous salutations, and he is
as true as the dies of steel.
Yonder is a counting board. It resembles a great
motherly washboard. It holds a thousand quarters in
the furrows between the little ridges. The coins are
shoveled upon it, and the operator just shakes the board
this way and that, and the glittering discs arrange them-
selves in columns as if they were alive. The board is
filled and he has counted a thousand in a minute; sixty
thousand an hour.
Nothing impresses you so forcibly as the relentless
pursuit of gold and silver, from rock to coin. Science
with its most delicate manipulations is put upon their
track. Silver is united with gold in a union apparently
indissoluble. Nitric acid is sent to look for it. It eats
it out of the gold, leaving its hiding place as porous as
a sponge, and you have nitrate of silver. It is yet as
far oft" from being the familiar metal as a dish of soup
188 BKTWEEN THE GATES.
is from being a soup-ladle. You sot chloride of sodium,
which is Lot's wife after she was halted into a monument,
which is common salt, to catch that acid. The silver tum-
bles down in a milky sediment. You have chloride of
silver. You put zinc on the track to woi*k out the salt.
You have a white curd. You drench it and dry it, and
you have a crumbling brown sand, with the precious
look of an ash-heap, for your trouble. Unscientific man
would feel humbled at this "dust to dust" ending of the
whole thing. But that dirt is silver at last. It is put
into an iron hoop and receives a pressure of four hun-
dred tons in a hydraulic press. It comes out a thirty-
five pound cheese with the dingiest, dustiest rind you ever
saw. The dairyman scrapes it with a knife, and there is
the shining metal. It is a silver cheese. It is worth
four hundred dollars. It goes into an oven to be baked.
There is moisture in it that if not banished would make
a way for itself in the furnace and explode like a shell.
The baking done, the cheese is sent to the Melter. He
brings it to its right complexion. It becomes a bar.
The bar is an ingot, and the ingot travels away on the
road we have gone, to be money. At first a fugitive,
then a liquid, then a sediment, then a whitish cloud, then
a curd, then plain brown earth, then a cheese, then the
standai-d metal nine hundred strong. Who says Proteus
is a myth?
The assay room is the Detective Office of Science. It
puts cheap rogues of chemicals together with suspected
silver and gold. When the rogues fall out, the treasure
is detected, analyzed, rated. You see pellets as big as a
June pea in the bottom of little bone-ash cupels, which
are nothing more than tiny flower-pots, about right for
A MINT OF MOSTEY. 189
Lilliput. You see little green and red liquids bubbling
away in rows of glass flasks. You see them patiently
standing in sand baths. Everything is done to extort the
truth, and the truth is pure gold and clean silver.
WEIGHING LIVE STOCK.
You see scales, the most delicate pieces of mechanism.
The wave of a butterfly's wing could blow the truth
away from them. They hang in glass houses of their
own. I said to Alexander Martin, Esq., the Master Melter
and Refiner, who kindly exhibited the balance, and dain-
tily picked up little weights of silver with steel fingers,
six of which could be packed in a dewdrop, " Let us weigh
an — animal! Let us go hunting. Let us catch a fly."
We captured a victim and drove him upon the scale as
if he were a bullock. A weight was put in the other
dish, and our mammoth made it kick the beam. The
long, slender index depending from the balancing point,
and describing an arc on the graduated ivory when the
scales are inoved, swung through ten spaces when the
monster was put aboard ! The brown house-fly pulled
down the dish at thirty-one thousandths of seven and a
half grains — and he was only in good flying order at
that ! Then one wing was lifted upon the scale, and it
astonished us to see what a regiment of heavy figures it
took to tell how light it was, that bit of an atmospheric
oar.
Have you never thought that things may be so enor-
mously little as to be tremendously great ? We go to
the Assaying Department, where they weigh next to noth-
ing and keep an account of it. Here are scales where a
girl's eyelash will give the index the swing of a pendu-
190 BETWEEN THE GATES.
lura. The smallest woisfht is an atom of aluminum, the
lightest of the mineral family, that you could carry in
your eye and not think there was a beam in it. Its
weight is -^ of j^ of J of ^ of one ounce! It would
take ninety-six hundred of those metallic motes to weigh
a humming-bird.
"THE GOLDEN DUSTMAN."
To go out at the door of the department of dust and
ashes is an inglorious exit, but you are in the basement,
surrounded by sheet iron pails and barrels filled with
cinders, ashes, and broken crucibles. It looks like the
wreck and refuse of a fire. A pair of great iron wheels,
an overgrown Chile-mill, is grinding dirt. If not that
article, then you are no judge of it. It is a mill where
the grain is trash and the grist the ashes of mortifica-
tion. The courteous millers are clothed with them, but
dispense with the sackcloth. They are the sweepings of
the floors, the scrapings of the crucibles, lumps of slag.
Possibly Dickens' golden dustman would oiFer one pound
ten for the total contents, barrels and all. Stray gold
and silver have been searched out and chased all over the
building, until it is fairly run to earth in the cellar.
Here the refuse is ground, drowned, sifted and washed,
until the last precious grain that will come to terms here
has surrendered. The remainder is barreled, and probed
and tested as they try butter in the firkin, and then sold
to smelters and refiners. In the year 1876-7 five hundred
and forty-three barrels were sold, producing gold and sil-
ver worth seventeen thousand dollars. Some one said to
a card player with hands heavily shaded, " If dirt were
trumps, what a hand you would have ! " Here dirt is
A MINT OF MONEY. 191
trumps, and you leave the Mint with an increased respect
for dust and ashes.
As, standing in the engine room, you admire the ele-
gant power that graces it — for, after all, what is hand-
somer than steel when wielded or fashioned in a good
cause? — perhaps you see a tablet on the wall, bearing a
medallion portrait, a name, some words of birth and death.
It is the record of the one sad event that forever con-
nects itself with the Opening Day. John Michael Eck-
feldt, whose name you read, was the man who devised,
arranged and adjusted much of the exquisite mechanism
you have seen, and perfected its connections with this
noiseless giant here; mechanism so wonderfully ingenious,
faithful and true, that it fills this great building with
the wit and force of two thousand busy men.
He had brought it all up to the starting point. Band,
shaft, axle, all in place. It was an untried problem. It
had cost him toil, anxiety, sleepless thought. Would it
spring to harmonious life at the word of command, or
would it jar horrible discord ? Ten o'clock one morning
would have seen him a glad, exultant man. But the
more delicate and subtle machinery of his brain gave
way too soon. At eight o'clock that morning, he had
gone beyond all earthly triumphs, and here these wheels
revolve to-daj^ these engines do their perfect work. It
is the one story of human sadness linked with all this
heartless mechanism and these glittering piles of gold
and silver with their chill and pulseless touch.
CHAPTER XVI.
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE.
BOUND for the Yo Semite! In the Indian tongue
the Great Grizzly Bear, but a zoological blunder,
for among the zodiacal wonders of California it is " Leo
the Lion." Hardly had I reached the Coast before they
began to say with all sorts of rising and falling slides
known to wonder, surprise, persuasion, indignation:
"What! Not yet!" "Not been to the Yo Semite?"
"Not going to the Yo Semite?" "Leave California and
not see the Yo Semite!" I saw there might be a vii'tue
in not being a pilgrim to this Mecca of the mountains,
and a/chance for a bit of originality, but being equal to
neither, I went. ^
Through the courtesy of Mr. Secretary E. H. Miller,
jr., of the Central Pacific Railway, which means three
thousand miles by rail and steamer, and Mr. 0. C. Wheeler,
an officer of the same great thoroughfare, who cleared
the way with all sorts of " open sesames " known to liberal
souls and gentlemen, we could have gone like the travel-
ing preachers of the first century of the Christian era,
with no scrip for the journey, nor " two coats apiece,"
unless a linen duster, the kind of shirt that strikes through
your clothes and appears upon the surface like a case of
well-developed nankeen night-gown, be a coat within the
meaning of the sartorial statute. The great steamer El
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 193
Capitan took us across the Bay of San Francisco like a
sea-gull. The Central Pacific train bore us swiftly to
Merced, where the capital hotel El Capitan gave us " rest
and shelter, food and" — a fan. Merced is the place whence
we leave for the Sierras, though, except in one direction
where a dark blue looming behind us, a sort of everlasting
outlined night, betrayed Mount Diablo a hundred miles
away, there is no suspicion of a hill. It is the grand
valley of San Joaquin.
After a toaster of a night, the morning sun blazed us
awake before light, as an Irishman would say. The bulg-
ing hats of wasp's-nest gray, the leathern saddle-bags,
the strapped blankets, the Babel tongues, proclaim tourists
from many lands. We have a special coach with a four-
in-hand, and a four inside, and crack, dash, in a feu-de-
joie of a style, and a cloud of tawny dust, away we go,
and out upon a plain about as flat and dry as a Fifth-
of-July oration. Nobody could dream that this thirsty,
dusty, stone-pelted plain would glow with green in the
October rain, but it will. You wonder where the ground
squirrels, about the size of an Eastern gray, that track
the desert everywhere, get their plumpness with such a
dust-and-ashes fare, but somehow fatness has slipped out
of their side pockets and lined their whole persons. You
wonder whether the poor hare in the distance, that one
of a brace of dogs has just run down to death, is not a
little glad for his tragic taking off. You wonder where
the hounds got their viciousness and vim. The wind is
astern and the dust travels with us, gets into the stage
and rides. The sun beats down and the earth strikes
back. Everybody's face is covered with maps of inky
rivers. We are a four-spot of dirty spades. For once
9
194 BETWEEN THE GATES.
we "see oursels as ithers see us," for we all look alike.
One or two of us are in good order. We have equatorial
dimensions. We clamber in and out of the coach like
seals up and down a rock. The curtains smell of leather,
the wood-work smells of paint. The rough road jolts
depravity out of us. Amiability is smothered like the
little princes in the tower. It costs nothing to be good
when it costs nothing, and so there is nothing to credit
on the book of your behavior. The frequent fording of
dry creeks does not appear to refresh us. These rough
McAdams seam the rolling plain, showing where the water
and the warble go in the rainy time. Big pebbles worn
into spheres lie in the dimples of the landscape, suggest-
ing " the pocket full of rocks " the old miners told of.
We meet a freighter with two wagons en train, and by
the count of the ears drawn by twelve-mule power. Our
driver is "a whip" of twenty-two years' sitting. He is
lean and long — should he grow longer he will be leaner
— and one of the kings of the road, and his name is
Buifalo Jem. He is full of strong horse sense and knowl-
edge of human nature. He measures his passengers as
accurately as he does the length of his whip-lash when
he flicks the oiF leader's nigh ear. If you ride in the
stage make friends with the driver. It pays.
We are stumbling over the toes of the foot-hills.
"Jem " is full of quaint phrases. He says " the horses
pant like lizards." Watch that nimble fellow as he halts
a minute on a rock, his sides palpitating in the sun, and
you will see how true is the driver's simile. He picks
up his rhetoric as he goes along.
A jarring, rumbling sound proclaims a stamp-mill for
trampling gold quartz into powder. It is the Washing-
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 195
ton Mill. It has twenty iron tramplers. They are churn-
dashers. Chinamen, clothed principally with perspiration,
are shoveling the quartz to be trodden. Water is let in
upon it and thirty tons flow out in a chalky stream every
day. It is a place filled with din, dirt, gold, silver and
discomfort.
Domes begin to rise beyond us as if somebody had
been mowing the big hills and heaping them into cocks
for easy handling. The earth is burrowed all along,
carved with ditches, hollowed into caves, scooped out in
cellars. It is the visible route of the old gold hunters.
If these ghastly scars could talk, what tales of hardship,
heart-ache, death, they all would tell! There is a lonely
grave this minute, surrounded by a fence. He that lies
there was waited for by somebody beyond the mountains
as if she could never give him up. He was mourned
for as if she would always wear the Avillow. He was
forgotten as if she never loved him. And it is well. It
seems to get hotter. It really grows rougher. Have you
noticed how a man in a sultry day will take off his hat,
look into it for an instant as if he expected to find some-
thing refreshing, then don it with a disappointed air, only
to doff it again? So ray vis-a-vis interrogated his hat
and said nothing. But a disappointed air is better than
none at all in a dead calm.
The landscape is getting full of tombstones. The
rocks are set up on edge by thousands; tablets and
monuments. The gray slabs, mossy, sculptured, stained,
need some Old Mortality to work upon them. You listen
for the clink of his hammer and chisel through the
silence. You look about for his shaggy pony snorting
the powdery earth from his nostrils as he nips for a
196 BETWEEN THE GATES.
spire or two of yellow grass. These stones were set up
in a convulsive time; crowded from the ledges where
they lay by the shouldering lift of some Lieutenant of
Omnipotence. Lo, a grander than the graves of dead
Covenanters are here! They are the tombs of giant
forces that have fallen on their faces in the region where
they raged, and here they hold their monuments above
their prostrate heads in dumb abasement. The splendid
sky of California bends over a scene desolate and lone,
and you feel that some clouds trailing their dim shadows
along, and weeping rain as they go, would soften the
ghastly outlines of the picture.
We pass the dismantled buildings of the first mining
settlement in all the region; a store with nothing but a
pretentious front, like the shirtless man that wears a
"dickey"; the dry and broken race-way: the gold mine
on the mountain, with its disused road, tacking up the
acclivity like a ship that beats against the wind. We
plunge down at a roystering rate into rugged Bear Val-
ley, a pleasant hamlet in the green pocket of the moun-
tains. We have struck the great Mexican land grant to
Frefraont, " the Pathfinder " of the old days. Two thou-
sand feet above us, his Jessie had her summer residence.
At last, dusty as a caravan of camels, we dash into
Mariposa, aforetime the rendezvous of the miners who
possessed the town on Saturday nights with bags of gold,
long knives and great oaths, swarming down from those
burrows you see on the frown of the mountain, but now
as deserted as the home of the nursery woodchuck that
perished in a spasm " over the hills and a great way off."
It is nothing but a shuck of a town, the kernel eaten out
long ago. From the door of the excellent hotel I count
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 197
thirteen mountain peaks investing it so closely on every
hand that it puzzles me to tell how we ever got here,
and it puzzles echoes to get out, or to get quiet. The
roosters begin to blow their " shrill clarions " here about
three o'clock in the morning, but how long they keep it
up nobody knows, for every height and hollow and cliff
and cation begins to crow at the same time, and it takes
two hours for all those crows to escape from this horizon.
Pack-horses laden with grapes that " set the children's
teeth on edge," come shambling into town. We meet
grown girls from the hills bestriding their horses as
manfully as the Colossus of Rhodes. We see the dirtiest
Piutes with neither second story nor garret to their black-
thatched heads, go stealing about.
They have queer ways in the mountains. Wells,
Fargo and Company are the great express, mail and
money carriers of California. You see their gi-een wood-
en, padlocked boxes on every stage. The post-office and
saloon may be attended by the same clerks, and highway-
men are euphemistically called " road-agents." There was
some talk we might meet them, and I rather hoped we
would, for it would be something quite out of a book to
be bidden " stand and deliver." It would have been a
cheap and bloodless entertainment.
At Mariposa I saw some of the productions of the
region. They have a pleasant collection of them at the
hotel. Here is a thistle with a blossom two feet and a
half in circumference. Scotland should transplant, adopt,
and name it the noli me tangere gigantea of California.
Next, a family of scorpions, dark-brown creatures two
or three inches in length. They are so many pairs
of slender forceps — a sort of devilish sugar-tongs — the
198 BETWEEN THE GATES.
handles fringed with legs. Yonder is a hairy-backed
tarantula, the size of a large quail's egg, and a spread
of eight lovely feet that would stand easily around the
edge of a teacup. Its house is an ingenious chamber
lined with white satin and closed by a door with a hinge
to it, the hardware being made of hair from his own
blessed back. That door shuts after him as snugly as
the lid of your grandmother's snufi-box. Near the tai-an-
tulas is a yellow-winged fly with a black rapier, the sworn
enemy of the spider, and so, ex-officio, the friend of bare-
footed humanity. It is the tarantula-hawk, that pounces
upon his victim and makes a needle-cushion of him at
sight. Here is the vine of the mountain laurel with its
long thorns, often used for shawl pins. There is a tradi-
tion that the Savior's crown of thorns was made of this
armed plant, and as it hangs upon the wall, bare of leaf
and verdure, its weapons cruel and unsheathed, it resem-
bles the delineations of the crown of Calvary, as painted
by the old masters.
And now leaving Mariposa we begin to climb. We
have passed the foot-hills. We are nearing the Sierras.
The everlasting sun blazes relentlessly. Oh, for a little
shadow, a dash of rain, a touch of gloom, to relieve the
glare. The glory grows oppressive. I have no envy for
the mountain with " eternal sunshine settling round its
head." The air is aromatic with the resinous pines. It
sweeps right across from mountain throne to mountain
throne. It has never been breathed. It tingles in your
veins. It is a sort of inspiration. Bevies of mountain
quail scud gracefully along in the road before us. The
ears of Jack Rabbit, supported by a body and four feet,
sprout beside the track, shut back like a knife-blade at
BOUND FOR THE TO SEMITE. 199
hearing the wheels, and away it bounds, ears and all.
Loquacious magpies talk baby-crow as they flit about
with plumage done like a legal document, " in black and
white." The wheels run fragrant and still on the carpet
of pine needles. The ground is strown with huge cones.
Shadows fall gratefully upon the quivering road. Buz-
zards sit motionless upon the limbs of burned trees, the
only charcoal sketches in all the region.*
The trunks of great pines are thickly tattooed with
holes like a New Zealander's skin. It is the work of
those wild carpenters, the woodpeckers, that drill each
hole and drive an acorn into it. It is a boarding-house,
but not for birds. A worm fattens upon the acorn, and
when he is in edible order the carpenter disposes of him,
and a rare morsel he is. This gathering grain and
housing it out of harm's way, and fattening stock upon
it for home consumption — what does it lack of being the
thing called reasoning? There are house-building, har-
vesting, sheltering,' feeding, and waiting, five consecutive
steps, and then a feast!
We look across the world that lies embayed in the
green surges of enduring Summer, two thousand feet
below; across from height to height. Earth is one great
rough emerald with uncounted shades. Three kinds of
pines run skyward, the yellow, the contorta, the sugar —
and the last is the grandest. Imagine a tree as full of
plumage as a bird of paradise, straight as an arrow, shot
into the air two hundred and fifty feet, and only halting
for orders. Think of it surmounted by a great living
umbrella of green, and cones a foot in length and resem-
bling roasting ears pendent from its sleeved arms; a tree
that talks to you of the most vigorous and luxuriant life
you ever imagined, and you have the sugar pine.
200 BETWEEN THE GATES.
TAKING A MOUNTAIN.
Now stand with me upon this daring promontory,
Point Lookout, where a turn in tlie road and a lull in
the timber reveal the sunken world. There, far below, the
Merced River, like a thread of silver clue, makes Qut its
winding way. You gaze down upon the tops of forest mon-
archs, with their feet in the water. They are two hun-
dred feet high, 'but they crouch like asparagus. Beside
their crowns, another rank is rooted upon the mountain
side, and towers away two hundred and fifty more.
Above it, still a third line scales the precipice in this
excelsior struggle of the serried woods. A fourth, a fifth,
begin where the third and fourth have ended, and upon
the tops of all the five you look down as upon currant
bushes from a chamber window! The summit of the sixth
is even with your eyes. The seventh two hundred feet
aloft. The eighth is in the van. The mountain is taken
at last, and see where the ninth is — a broom to sweep
the cobwebs out of the sky. What magnificent apparatus
for measuring heights and distances is here! Nine regi-
ments of giants have grown their way up more than two
thousand feet from lower earth to mountain, and from
mountain-top to sky.
That silent assault of the woods upon the heights I
shall never forget. They had been ages making it, and
they carried them all at last. See where the green ban-
ners toss triumphant. Give one ringing, human cheer
for the giant mountaineers! Tally one ! Tally two !
Think how they measured off the centuries as they grew.
There are oaks, black and scrub; here a fii^here a
Douglass spruce, yonder a chestnut. You miss the elm
and maple, those glories of the East, but what would you
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 201
have? A thin veil of blue smoke spiritualizes the scene,
tones it down from the yellow blaze of day. Four lines
of mountain ranges, one beyond another, seem to have
been marching down into the valley, and just halted as
you look, in the act of passing each other in grand
review. Indeed, the martial splendors of this day excel
all " pomp and circumstance " of human war.
A MOUNTAIN CHOIR.
The»e is a hush upon the heights. The signal of the
cicada's cousin sounds loud and clear. And now, at last,
you hear the everlasting music of the pines; the mourn-
ful sighing of which the poets sing; the pedal base of
mountain choirs, rolling up from the depths, rolling down
from the heights ; the lingering ghosts of winds long
gone and died away. It is solemn as all the funeral
anthems of the world in one. Of a truth, it is like the
music of Ossian, " pleasant but mournful to the soul."
Beside the way are groups of neat, symmetrical little
pines, resembling a choir of Sunday-school children, that,
standing all by themselves, sing a tiny note or two into
the great anthem. Listen, and you shall hear the fine
treble of the young pines, like the music of a small bird's
wing as it flutters on the edge of a storm.
You see that varnished tree, smooth as a tomato and
a rich maroon. It is so crooked you think it must be
doubting whether or not to. grow all ways at once. It
is a Samson of a tree. It has come up through that
solid rock, cleft it as it came, and with its claret-colored
arms seems struggling like the Old Testament lion -tamer
to wrench its jaws more widely apart than ever. Yonder
is another rock-splitter. You can almost see the struggle
202 BETWEEN THE GATES.
between the vegetable and the mineral. But life will
win. A banyan tree, they say, is lifting the temple of
Juggernaut. The name of the maroon is " Manzanita."
"Two to one the tree will come out best in the fight!"
says a passenger. It is the liveliest picture of still life
imaginable. You almost look for an outburst of audible
quarrel. Somehow it suggests the statue of Laocoon.
On the bark of the conqueror some gallant tourist, when
they halted in the shade, carved the name ''''Maggie Pres-
ton."" Did he marry her, or "oh! arc ye sleeping,
Maggie?"
"THE AYES HAVE IT."
We met the out-coming stage and exchanged drivers,
taking George Monroe — everybody's George — a capital
fellow and a born reinsman, for our Jehu. We halted
at a watering-place for man and beast, called Cold Spring,
where, under a dingy veranda, sat and stood as motley a
group as ever wore clothes. Grizzly men under worn-out
straw bee-hives of hats; greasers that "tried out" with-
out fire; thin-flanked hunters in belt, knife and rifle;
dogs dozing about, working their mouths in dreams of
barking that never came true; shaggy ponies and hammer-
headed horses that drooped alike at both ends. There was
no premium on dirt in the crowd. It was too plenty.
Not one of them spoke a word while the stage remained,
but just watched us. They covinted ears, beginning with
the horses — eight eqtius, fourteen homo, total, twenty-
two; and then noses, eleven; and then eyes, twenty-two.
After that, they seemed to be gathering up the ayes and
noes and 'ears in an unparliamentary way in one grand
total, fifty-five. When they were done we were finished.
You could feel their silent eyes sliding all over you like
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 203
drops of cold rain trickling down your back. They might
have been harmless as doves, but I was privately glad
when George swung himself up to the box, whirled his
whip from the top of the coach with a pistol-shot at the
end of it, and away we went like the king's couriers.
DOWN THE MOUNTAINS.
After a succession of ups and downs, we came at last
to the descensus Averni of the journey, and George made
it facilis. When we struck the summit and rolled over
the verge — have you ever shot the rapids of the St.
Lawrence? — well, when we went over the dam, that whip
began to fire platoons, and those four horses hollowed
their backs and their ears blew flat upon their necks,
and we met the great pines and redwoods going up the
mountain as if bound to storm something on the top of
it. George talked to the four-in-hand one after another,
to the tune of " get out of the way, you are all un-
lucky," and that is it to a minim. That team couldn't
run away. It had all it could do to keep the road clear,
for the stage went of itself. Wheels, axles, chains, bolts,
rattled like a fanning-mill in a fever. The chaff" of dust
flew out behind us as if we were kicking the mountain
to atoms, the curtains blew out like wings. We all sat
still as mice. One passenger said it was " splendid," but
his voice sounded as if he had whistled it through a
key-liole. The Man-not- Afraid always makes one in a
full coach. He is the hero that has slid down a rainbow
without tearing his trousers.
Most mountains have elbows, some of them like Bri-
areus, a hundred, and they hold their arms akimbo like
a nervous woman with a big washing. The mantel-
204
BETWgEN THE GATES.
shelves of roads are built along the edges of these arms
out to the angle zig! in to the shoulder zag! There
were about fifty elbows to that grade, and the horses
made for every one of them at a dead run, as if the
centrifugal force had got away with them. They struck
" the crazy-bone " and George reined them in just in
time — it was crazy-bone pretty much all the way — and
then shot into the
pocket of the arm-pit
like a billiard ball.
First you wince to the
right and then to the
left, as the stage swings
and sways. Given an
old-fashioned rail fence
straight up a hill, at
an angle of about forty
degrees, and then scare
a red squirrel down
the top rails from the
summit to the bottom,
and you will know
how we went. But
we reached the last
pocket as safely as if we had been so many young kan-
garoos in the maternal pouch, and we had made the five-
mile run, and taken the chances, in twenty minutes,
which is a geometrical tumble of five miles endwise at
the rate of fifteen miles an hour. Now seven men will
rise up and solemnly say they descended that grade in
ten minutes. No tombstone can possibly object to bear
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 205
an inscription to that effect, with their names appended.
There are liers and liars.
The arrival at Big Tree Station — Washburne's — a
delightful place, ended the most luxurious inountain ride
I ever enjoyed, and " the evening and the morning were
the third day." After luncheon the company took a
mountain trail as narrow as the path whereon they call
the cattle home, for the Mariposa grove of giant se-
quoias, the biggest vegetables in the known world. It
was a ride of fourteen miles, the return through the
dense green darkness of the pine woods, with a very
timid moon that did not dare to light the way. My next
best friend braved the journey like a heroine, and return-
ing ambitiously desired to be placed on some "standing
committee" for life.
THE BIG TREES.
The California Indians have a saying that other trees
grow, but the Great Spirit created the seqiaoias out of
hand. It is the savage way of calling them miracles.
And they are, for how a tree from twenty-five to thirty
stories high, and with room, if hollowed, to shelter three
hundred guests, and leave stabling quarters on the ground
floor for a dozen horses, could have pumped from the earth
and inspired from the air material enough to build itself
along without waiting, is incomi^rehensible. To be sure,
some of them have been a thousand years going up, and
others a score of centuries, which would date them back
to the time when Julius Caesar was drubbing the Druid-
ical savages of Great Britain. It gives you a queer feel-
ing to look at a tree in full plumage that might have
been flaunting its green needles when there was not as
206 BETWEEN THE GATES.
much as a neck of land in the known world between
Liverpool and Honolulu.
Whoever expects to be astonished at a big tree will
be disappointed. When your imagination has climbed
two hundred and fifty feet of tree, an additional hundred
or two will not matter a carpenter's rule to it, nor add
a cubit to the grandeur of the vegetable. The truth is,
our imaginations have got so snugly fitted to the average
of great trees, that they are no match for monsters, and
ten chances to one we will find the faculty we are so
proud of perched in the first fork for a rest. " I had to
look twice before I saw the top of it," is the careless,
colloquial way of describing a great height. Like many
another random phrase, there is method in it and philos-
ophy withal. We must look many times to realize how
far off the plumes of a sequoia twenty-two rods high
really are. The bark is a sort of Indian red from one to
three feet thick, resembling butternut-colored shoddy.
Riding along through woods where all is stately, you
know a sequoia without an introduction, and everybody
calls out, " There's a big tree ! " It is not as handsome
as the pines, it is corrugated, it lacks the symmetiy,
and you wonder it is dumb. If ever a tree .should have
a tongue, it is the Sequoia gigantea, the king of the red-
woods. Somehow it seems to you such vastness should
appeal to more senses than one. Years ago, I wrote sev-
eral lines with bells on their toes, about what was mis-
named a California oak, to the effect that some Vandal
girdled it and it never knew it for three years, but grew
right on as if nothing had happened. I have detected
the blunder. The oak was a giant sequoia. I saw the
tree in the Merced family. It was struck by lightning
BOUND FOB THE YO SEMITE. 20-7
two years ago, and twigs three feet in diameter blocked
the stage-road. It was scorched and rived, but it lived
and was in full feather when I saw it. The pumps were
manned so mightily, the tides of life yet flowed up the
majestic column. The news had not i-eached the green
eaves, dim, misty, and so far away. It did not know
that it ought to be dead. Fourteen horsemen ringed
that tree like the zodiacal signs, and no crowding. Set
the "Father of the Forest" upright, that prostrate mon-
arch of the Calaveras grove, in the circus ring where
master and clown pelt each other with fossilized jests of
the Silurian age, and there would be scant room for the
calico horses to canter round the trunk without tramp-
ling the toes of the spectators, or grazing the flesh-
<;olored legs of the centaurs of the circus. Think of
taking a horseback ride of five rods into the hollow of a
tree, with head erect as becomes the knight cap-a-pie who
enters the redwood hall of a single timber. A cave is
burned out of one of the Maraposa family, and seven of
our party rode into it.
Fires and fools have wrought sad havoc with these
sinless towers of Babel that have kept on growing through
the centuries sti'aight toward heaven, and no confusion
of tongues to stop the business, but they are now the
wards of the Government. A boy — and now and then a
man — would naturally suppose that the tree that can
hold its fruit three hundred and fifty feet in the air
should hold up something worth while, say the size of a
bee-hive or, at least, of Cotton Mather's hat, but the cone
of the sequoia is not much larger than the egg of a
talented pullet, and among the smallest of the conifers.
Writers have printed their groundless fears that these
208 > BETWEEN THE GATES.
royal dukes of the wilderness will become extinct, but
the earth around them is alive with baby sequoias from
a few inches in diameter to six feet. Only give them a
few centuries and protect them from rogues and ruin,
and the tourists of the year of our Lord 2500, who visit
the western slope of the Sierras by aerial ship and elec-
tric car, will wonder at the vigorous giants, young at a
thousand years old, that lift their green coronals in the
thin air, and will talk viva voce across the continent to
the friends they left a day or two ago.
"What shadows we are!" But think how the djusky
double of a tree four hundred feet high will single you
out, while the sun goes down, as if the index finger of
purple darkness were pointing the route of the Eastward-
coming Night, that shall blot you out like a misspelled
word from a day-book. It grows along the landscape.
The earth has lost the sun, but there upon the redwood's
crown shines a crimson flame. It is the bedroom candle
just lighted by the drowsy day.
A man whose ax used to tick like a lively clock in
" the sounding woods of Maine " asks " how much cord-
wood will one of the big fellows make?" The answer,
if snugly piled along the roadside would extend twenty-
eight hundred feet, and if twenty-five cords a winter of
such fuel will keep his kitchen chimney roaring with
satisfaction, one tree would last him sixteen years.
One after another the wonder-stories of childhood
prove true. Lemuel Gulliver's talent for vegetable lying
in his most Brobdingnagian mood would not have added
moi'e than two hundred feet to the tallest sequoia, which
is a very short range for anybody with a gift for draw-
ing the long bow.
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 209
A FOREST RIDE.
"Who's going in to-day?" That is what I heard the
next morning after we had slept off the giants. The
question was answered in a minute, for Mott, a skilled
driver, whirled up to the front of Washburne's hotel, and
we were off. California stages are prompt to the minute.
They I'un on schedule time. That "going in" recalls
the old army life at the Front, The blue-coats were
always talking of " going in," when they waded knee-
deep into the thick of the battle. We were nearing the
Valley.
Another day of forest magnificence. You can form
little idea of the stateliness of these woods. Golden
mosses drape and spangle the dead trees with the color
of Ophir. For miles, arcades of columns two hundred
feet high, dressed in rainbows, aflame with scarlet, afire
with crimson, aglow with gold, running up, and up, a
thought's flight without a limb. Should an artist paint
them as they are, you would doubt your own eyes or
discredit the painter. They were the wild woods in a
Roman carnival. With the grandeur of the trees, the
colored mosses, and the painted creepers, it was a picture
all brilliance, as if the columns of a thousand Greek tem-
ples, decorated with garlands, had fallen into lines in a
great procession, and were ready to march. Not a brown
shaft in sight. It was a sort of revelry of the spectrum.
The bark of many of the trees resembles tortoise-shell.
It .suggests the empty skins of the huge Brazilian ser-
pents you saw at the Centennial Exhibition. You are in
a gorgeous land, whither you have sailed without going
to sea. You long for a glimpse of an American flag to
assure you you are yet at home, and you find it. On
9*
210 BETWEEN THE GATES.
the peak of a little cur of a barn — though what there
could ever be to put in a barn but pine cones is a mys-
tery— is a handkerchief of a flag that has about flut-
tered itself to pieces; but there are a star and a stripe
left, and you are comforted.
FIRST GLIMPSE OF THE YO SEMITE.
At three o'clock, afternoon, we had climbed almost to
Inspiration Point without knowing it, whence the Valley
of the Yo Semite appears to you — there is no other
word; "breaks," and "bursts," are terms of feeble vio-
lence to express the truth. If day broke in a noisy way;
if these pines around us grew with sound of hammers,
the grandeur would be gone. We have just seen an am-
phitheatre ten thousand times as large as Vespasian's at
Rome ; have looked across the blue spaces at the semi-
circular ranges of rocky seats, curve above curve, sweep
beyond sweep, and fancied the pines that fronted them
were senators risen to their feet as the Imperator entered
the Coliseum. But there was no hint that we were near-
ing the brink of the valley of the granite gods. The
precipices that took our breath away had disappeared.
The great chasms of empty azure that we had looked ofl"
upon till we felt almosl lost in an ethereal ocean, were
closed behind us by merciful walls and curtains of dense
green. We had blundered up into the garret dormitory
where the mountains were lying down all around us in
" the sixth hour sleep." The stage crept over a recum-
bent shoulder without waking the owner, rolled out upon
the i)oint where the drowsing giant would have worn an
epaulette had he been in uniform, moved a few steps
farther, came to a halt, and there, lighted by the after-
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 211
noon sun behind iis, speechless, near, far, nothing doubt-
ful, nothing dim, the Yo Semite awaited us without warn-
ing, met us without coming.
Spectral white in the glancing of the sun, the first
thought was that the granite ledges of all the msuntains
had come to resurrection, and were standing pale and
dumb before the Lord. We had emerged in an instant
from a world of life, motion and warm, rich color into
the presence of a bloodless world, a mighty place of graves
and monuments where no mortal ever died. It looked a
little as I used to fancy those Arctic wonders looked to
Dr. Kane, glaciers, icy peaks and turrets, turned imper-
ishable in the golden touch of a Tropic sun. For the
first few instants I saw nothing in detail. I had been
making ready for it for weeks; not reading such dull
descriptions as my own; not reading anything; only
fancying, dreaming, wondering, and here it took me by
surprise at last! It seemed a glimpse into another and
an inaccessible kingdom. I am ashamed to say for one
moment I was disappointed, for another afraid, in an-
other astounded. I had nothing to say, nobody had any-
thing to say, but a linnet that never minded it at all.
The driver began to introduce the congregation to us by
name. I thought at first he was about to present us to
the congregation — and I got out of his reach. It was
much as if, when the three angels made a call at Abram's
tent on the plains of Mamre, the Patriarch had whipped
out a two- foot rule and measured and written down the
length of their wings.
Almost four thousand feet below us was the Valley
with its green meadows, its rich foliage, and its river
Merced. We looked down upon the road we must go,
212 BETWEEN THE GATES.
looped backward and forward upon the side of the wall,
track under track, like the bow-knots of flourishes boys
used to cut under their names, when writing-masters
nibbed their pens and boys ran out their tongues. We
looked two miles across the air and saw the sculptured
fortresses no man had made; saw a great heraldic shield,
bare of inscription, a thousand feet from the ground.
Upon that shield the coat-of-arms of the United States
should be emblazoned. It would be the grandest escutch-
eon on earth. We saw traced upon the wall beneath it
a chalk line that went to and fro, as if, bewildered and
dizzy it did not know where to go. That chalk line is a
wagon road out of the Valley. If anybody had told you
it was an illiterate giant's first attempt at writing coarse
hand it would have seemed more probable. Looking down
the chasm behind you, the river is foaming on towai'd the
base of a mountain, to escape from the vale of enchant-
ment, till it roars its way into a yawn of a mouth that
seems no larger than the entrance to a wolf's den, but
which, if you ever escape from this region, you will find
is a broad caflon.
I noted all these minor things with a strange irrele-
vancy. It was an instinctive resistance to being wrenched
from the every-day world of seeming trifles to which I
belong, for I assure you, when the Valley is finally reached,
all such things as trifles will vanish away. And while I
was doing these nothings, Yo Semite was standing before
me and waiting.
I turned to it again, and began to see the towers,
the domes, the spires, the battlements, the arches and the
white clouds of solid granite, surging up into the air and
come to everlasting anchor till "the mountains shall be
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 213
moved." The horizon had been cleft and taken down to
make room for this capital of the wilderness, and for the
first time in my life I saw a walled way out of the azure
circle that had always ringed me in.
Just then, the coach we were to meet came creeping
like an eight-footed insect up the mountain. It cut a
poorer figure than the fly that traveled along the curve
of the Ejihesian dome. The party leaped out with laugh
and chatter, and a girl of eighteen ran to this vantage
ground of glory, took an instant look and said — her
hands unclasped, not an eye fine, frenzied or revolving,
it was a saccharine adverb and an adjective too soft to
provoke an echo that she used — and said, "It is sweetly
pretty ! " and with a little cluck of satisfaction she munched
a sandwich. Now as between an idiot and an affected
actress there is much space and little choice. Perhaps,
after all, it was as well as anything, for I begin to mis-
trust I cannot make anybody see the Yo Semite who does
not go himself. Judge B had been here. He met his
friend C, who a^Rd a description of the Valley. The
Judge had traveled in foreign lands, and was able to
compare, and so he began : " Why, my dear sir, the Yo
Semite is as much superior to — as much superior to
as — as much gi'ander than — well, than — but what's the
use of trying? Let's take a drink!" But who ever was
warned and took heed? Not the land-lubbers that Noah
left ashore, not Lot's old neighbors, not the pilgrim to
the Yo Semite, not amjhodiy.
" Let us down easy, George," for our old driver was
going back with the coach. He generally untied the
double-bows of the road " by the run," but he just
walked the horses every foot of the way, and spelled
214 BETWEEN THE GATES. '
down the Z's like an urchin laboring through a hard
word by the help of a schoolma'am's index finger. It
was easy as swinging down in a basket, but it was not
heroic. And to think that when we got down, we were
yet four-fifths of a mile above the sea!
THROUGH THE VALLEY.
The ride of three miles up the Valley was restful as
" the beauty sleep " of forty winks that girls take after
the call to breakfast. The twanging nerves that were
keyed to "C sharp" on the heights, let down a little.
The Valley, seven miles long, with a varying width of
a half mile to a mile and a quarter, is as wild as you
want it. The Merced, that crystal river of Mercy, in
endless quarrel with rock and rubble, foaming, flashing,
roaring, dashing, meets you all along, in its desperate
haste to get out of the caiion. And when you see what
tremendous accidents are always happening to it — now
slipping from the verge of precipices a mile high, and
tumbling hundreds of fathoms sheer down, with nothing
to hold by, till it grows gauzy as a bridal veil and white
as silver, you can hardly wonder at its desperation. You
are a little sorry for its misfortunes, as if it were some-
thing human, and then a little glad it has had the prov-
ocation to show its torrent temper and angry beauty.
You drive through broad natural meadows, dotted with
tangles of shrubbery, feathery with ferns, and impudent
with wild flowers that fear nothing; amid pines that are
trying to grow up out of the tremendous gorge into the
world; beneath avenues of live-oaks, among the junipers,
the buckeyes and the buckthorns; here a mountain lilac,
a manzanita, or a nutmeg; there a cluster of silver firs
^ BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 215
or mountain alders; yonder a balm of Gilead, a maple,
or a dogwood. Azaleas, bluebells, honeysuckles abound.
The woods that grow in the Yo Semite are all precious
woods, taking the polish and showing the clouded beau-
ties of the finest marbles; mountain mahogany, rosewood,
Indian arrow, laurel, ash.
The quaking aspen, trembling like a timid girl at
nothing at all, is a feminine figure in the landscape.
" What is that shivering tree, shaking without any wind?"
asked an English tourist of a raw and ignorant guide.
" I doant roightly know," was the reply, " but it is a
wobblin' asj^, or somethink that away '" ; and " wobblin'
asp " became a synonym in the Valley for forty-fathom
stupidity.
You hasten on ; towers, spires, battlements, castles,
dizzy walls, sculptures at either hand; you hear the winds
intoning in the choral galleries a mile above your head;
you hear the crash of waters as of cataracts in the sky;
you trample upon broad shadows that have fallen thou-
sands of feet down, like the cast-off garments of descend-
ing Night. The three great geological theories of this
cleft's formation — that the bottom fell out and let things
down; that earthquake tongs and volcanic fires melted
the crags and rent them asunder; that the softer and
more edible parts of rock and mountain were eaten out
by rains, and frosts, and rivers, leaving the stupendous
bones bleaching through the centuries — you would not
toss coppers for the choice of them. All you know is
that you are in a tremendous rock-jawed yawn of the
globe, and the most you hope is, that it will keep on
yawning till you are safely out of its mouth. Jonah was
never one of your great exemplars. You pass two or
216
BETWEEN THE GATES.
three inns and modest dwellings, and are set down at
Barnard's capital Yo Semite Falls Hotel, where you find
a Highland welcome and a bounteous table. Nothing in
the whole animal kingdom is recognized here but the
tourist. Wells & Fargo have an express-office for him,
and a post-office for him, and educated lightning strikes
him in all languages. There are collectors of ferns and
flowers, cuttei's of canes
and workers in woods,
dealers in tit-bits of fern-
prints, foot-prints, stone
fish, trilobites, stalactites,
and bonne-bouches of ta-
rantula nests; there are
guides with spurs like
game-cocks, scrambling
mountain horses, Mexi-
can saddles, and wooden
baskets of stirrups : there
are straggling Indians
with tangled manes over
their eyes, and strings of
speckled trout in their
hands; there is the ubi-
quitous, aggressive photographer, who is always ambush-
ing his head and taking sight with his Cyclopean eye at
every visible thing that will wait to be looked at. Some-
times I wonder if we really want him; if he is not a
multiplier of illusions, a sort of traveling agent for the
diffusion of delusive knowledge. I am sure he is, when
I compare his Yo Semite with the Lord's. Few photo-
graphed landscapes ever convey a new idea. They only
BOUND FOK THE YO SEMITE. 217
recall an old one. One of these artists has set his sky-
light kennel in front of the Yo Semite Fall, and blazons
in big letters: "Photographs taken with the Yo Semite
in the background ! "
Think of the impudence of the thing! Offering to
throw in twenty-six hundred feet of cataract; pairing oflF
your little dot of a face and figure with a half mile of
tumbling glory, and selling cascade and tourist for eight
dollars a dozen. The "eternal fitness of things" is a lit-
tle out of plumb.
The first thing I did was a sentimental improbability.
I ran down the balcony stairs to congratulate the poor
River of Mercy on having a few rods of rest. There it
was, lurking behind the hotel, as smooth as a looking-
glass, and a fleet of ten ducks afloat upon it, ten above
and ten below, and not so much as a duckling's breast
shattered by wind or water. Listening a minute, I heard
it in full quarrel a mile below. Persecuted, perplexed,
pugnacious Mercy. No tourist forgets the admirably
appointed Cosmopolitan Baths, owned by a gentleman with
the singular name of John Smith — John Smith sundered
by a C. Here is
THE GRAND REGISTER.
It is a ponderous book, containing several solid feet
of paper, bound in morocco, mounted with rich plates of
silver worth eight hundred dollars, and is a big lift. The
pages are apportioned to every State, and almost every
country but Patagonia. That book furnishes reading so
ridiculous as to be ludici'ous — " infinite platitude," rhymes
thick as sleigh-bells in New England winters, flashes of
wit, and whole nights of .stupidity.
10
218 BETWEEN THE GATES.
The disposition to patronize the Yo Semite is remark-
able, as is also the fact that almost everybody arrived
by the first stage. One tourist with the dental name of
Toothaker, and one with the rascally name of Turpin,
figure on the same page. The latter writes: "Seen the
Bridal Veil. Slept next to the man that snores." Here
a tourist declares: " The miteist work of man is dwarfed,"
unconscious that he is comparing a lively cheese and
mountain magnificence.
A writer " made futile efibrts to reach the Valley
October 12, '75, but in vain." Does the man mean to
say that he failed? One mercifully says: "Words fail
me"; and a lady declares, sorrowfully: "Can't express my
language."
" You need not go round the world. When you have
seen Glacier Point and Cloud's Rest, go home and rest
yo«/\se//." A poor Tray confesses: "Came with three
Western legislators — never stole anything — will never
be guilty of the same indiscretion again." A sensible
man remarks: " I leave my hard but modest name, A
Flint." An impressible young woman is " blissfully hap-
py." Another leaves a certificate : " Not disappointed ! "
" Top-side below," ejaculates an angular man from Maine.
Massachusetts is very reticent — pages of names, and
not a word of comment, only this : " Plymouth Rock to
the Rocks of the Yo Semite, which in their grandeur
illustrate the sublime events and principles of which it
is itself a symbol, greeting ! " An equestrian who had
been making a hammer of himself asserts: "God made
the mountains, but man made the saddles." Connecticut
" did not find it more than his imagination had pictured
it." New Hampshire leaves a neat sentiment: " The
Granite State to El Capitan sends greeting!"
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 219
Here is verse — Tis-sa-ack is the South Dome:
" Tis-sa-ack's caught the homed moon.
And holds it pendent in the air,
Where calm its silver shallop rests,
By airy sailors anchored there.
Time travels gray-brow'd o'er each height.
And holds his scroll against the sun,
And says, ' come view my heaven- born might.
And what my air-edged chisel's done.' "
Little Rhody shouts "Hail Colombia!" Here is some-
thing in Russian, here a scrawl in short-hand, there a
capacious Mi-ssourian "took it all in!" Ohio's imagina-
tion goes by water: "Cannot realize the grandeur of the
falls, the water being low." Put in an overshot wheel.
A prodigal son of adjectives cries: "Grand, beautiful,
picturesque!" fairly offset by an eloquent fellow who
says: " Dumb as an oyster." " Superbe, Yo Semite ! " and
France salutes. " Hoofed it to the Valley," is an old
soldier's memorandum. Who wouldn't be glad that Liv-
erpool is "much pleased so far!" How encouraging to
Nature to hold out and pass muster! Some tourist
weaves in everybody's pronunciation of Yo Semite:
"At half-past five o'clock at night.
Our party reached the Yo Semite,
Glad ere the evening lamps were lit.
To see the Valley Yo Semj/e.
Who that has seen it can condemn it.
The wondrous beauty of Yo Semite^
This verse I dedicate to thee.
Oh, world-renowned Yo Sem-i-tel "
A Baltimore girl effusively exclaims: "Let me em-
brace thee, beautiful Valley. A kiss to thee!" "Take
off your shoes," quotes another, " for the ground whereon
you stand is holy ground." Can there be much doubt
that the Mississippian who left the record, "Let us go
and see the monkey," is himself the missing link? A
220 BETWEEN THE GATES.
lovely maiden testifies: "My eyes devour the crags!" and
a young man makes love to the Bridal Veil Fall. Fancy
him courting a young woman nine hundred feet high,
with hair all the colors of the rainbow.
The names upon these broad pages represent the world.
Here are lords, barons, viscounts, counts, members of
parliament, one solitary duke, a sprig of princes, great
generals, world-famed savans, statesmen, Lady Franklin,
Mrs. Partington, and nobodies. Australia is here with the
verdict, " America is the dirtiest country in the world."
We regret that he put an i out with his adjective. If
he will only write it again and put out the other, he
will be as discerning a tourist as ever. Peru, Japan,
Egypt, New South Wales, are all represented. Ceylon,
of the spicy breezes, writes, " Beautifle." New Zealand
declares it mathematically : " Switzerland minus its moun-
tains." Pennsylvania gives a good-natured Low Dutch
groan: "Weak and wounded, sick and sore" — then down
he comes with his avoirdupois — "weight 260 pounds."
Then comes a record: "This invalid lady was packed in
a chair twenty-seven miles, on the backs of four China-
men " — the best proof in all the book of an earnest love
of Nature. And so they run. " This day Freddie Strong,
six years old, rode thirty-eight miles on horseback." Give
the little mountaineer a record.
There is no sin in " a little nonsense now and then,"
but the Sinbads the sailors, who come hither under pre-
tense of seeing the strength of the hills, and bring a sor-
did " old man of the sea," pick-a-pack, with his legs tied
in a bow-knot under their chins for a cravat, and make
business directories of the big book, and placard the ma-
je.stic rocks with cries of "Cream yeast!" "Sewing ma-
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 221
chines!" " Farm wagons !" and "Liver pills!" commit an
outrage demanding indignant protest. It is the money-
changers in the Temple over again, and nobody to cast
them out.
EL CAPITAN.
The most impressive granite wonder in the Valley is
the great rock El Capitan, gray in the shadow and white
in the sun. Standing out, a vast cube with a half mile
front, a half mile side, three-fifths of a mile high, and
seventy-three hundred feet above the sea, it is almost the
crowning triumph of solid geometry. Thirty " Palace
Hotels," seven stories each, piled one above another,
would just reach the hanging eaves of El Capitan; two
hundred and ten granite stories by lawful count. Well
did the Indians christen him Tu-toch-ah-nu-lah — Great
Chief of the Valley. He fronts you when you catch your
first glimpse from Inspiration Point. Had there been any
fourteenth-story windows, you would have looked squarely
into them. When you reach the Valley he towers above
you on the left. He grows grander and more solemn
every step of the way. When you stand beneath him he
blocks out the world. When you near the base he roofs
out the sky; for though the wall seems to stand upright,
the eaves project one hundred and three feet, a granite
hood five hundred feet thick, but in the vastness you
never see it. Get as far from him as you can, he never
diminishes. He follows you as you go. He is the over-
whelming presence of the place. A record in the Grand
Register runs thus: "A lady fellow-traveler, struck by
the constant appearance of El Capitan in the Valley,
suggested that it recalls the Rabbinical legend, ' The Rock
that followed them was Christ.' "
222 BETWEEN" THE GATES.
You never tire of seeing eastern sunshine move down
the front, like a smile on a human face. You never tire
of seeing the great shadows roll out across the broad
meadows as the sun descends, and rise, like the tide in
Fundy's Bay, till the Valley is half filled with night, and
the tips of the tall trees are dipped like pens in ink.
You never weai'y of watching the light from a moon you
cannot see, as it silvers the cornices and brightens the
dusky front, as if wizards were painting their way down
without stage or scaffold. A dark spot starts out in the
light. It turns into a great cedar. Pines that stand
about the base resemble shrubs along a garden wall.
They are two hundred feet high. A few men have crept
out to the eaves of El Capitan, looked over, and crept
back again. Little white clouds sail silently toward the
lofty eaves and are gone, as to a dove-cote in a garret.
And yet an earthquake in 1872 rocked him like a cradle,
and the clocks in the Valley all stopped, as though when
El Capitan was moved, then " time should be no longer."
THE BRIDAL VEIL.
The Bridal Veil Fall — the Indian Pohono, or Spirit
of the Evil Wind — has been talked at and raved about
till it is famous as Niagara. A clergyman has been
known to take it home with him, and carry it around
to weddings and funerals, and preach it for a bissextile
year. As you enter the Valley, you see upon the right
almost a thousand feet of unbent rainbow, thirteen yards
wide, hanging over the edge of a precipice. In midsum-
mer, when there is less need of a token, the broad scarf
of the spectrum is narrowed to ribbons bright enough
for a queen of May. It curves out over the cliff and
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 223
plunges down to the tumbled boulders below, and shat-
ters to spraj» that blossoms into rainbows, arching the
gloom, — a bouquet of flowers for the Spirit of the
mountain.
Now the cataract begins to swing majestically to and
fro, like a gridiron pendulum, and the tick of a moun-
tain clock would not surprise you. And now it is twisted
into colored bell-cords and finished out with downy tas-
sels, as if somebody were making ready to ring the chimes
of Heaven. Then the fingers of the wind weave it into
a gossamer veil of thirty-nine hundred square yards, that
falls with fairy grace over the face of the mountain and
down to its feet, and the Wedding March is the music
for the moment. Then the veil is swept aside, and lifted,
and flung up around the brow of the cliff", in the folds of
a white turban, touched up with tints of color like the
head-dress of some queen of the Orient. Nothing more
delicate than this veil ever came from the looms of India,
and where you stand it is silent as a picture; no more
crash than there is to the broidered lace that flows down
a woman's arms and falls upon her wrists. It looks
aerial enough to be rolled up to the verge of the precipice,
and then drift away like a commodore's broad pennant
swept from the mast-head in a gale. It is a tributary of
the Merced River in disguise.
And yet, while you gaze upon this glorified Spirit of
all cataracts, somebody beside you will be pretty sure to
break the spell by saying, " But you ought to see it in
May, when there was more water, or in June, when there
will be less," or some more blessed tiipe which never
happens to be now. Such people should be apprenticed
for life as gate-tenders to the flume of a grist-mill, where
224 BETWEEN THE OATES.
they can let. the water on at will. " From pestilence,
famine and Madame Malapropos, good Lord deliver us!"
MIRROR LAKE.
The professional tourist is a vagrant animal. You
know him at sight. He has elbows, and they are never
trussed. A place wide enough to- let them through will
let him through. He dresses to please himself, and never
mistakes your eyes for a looking-glass. You see him in
a tweed coat, always too short or too long, pantaloons
that fit like a couple of extinguishers, gray gaiters splay-
ing out into roomy shoes that would track in the snow
like the grizzliest of plantigrades, and crowned with a
disreputable hat with a green brim that appears to have
been blasted before it could get ripe. The small worry
of his life is not that he may be cheated, but that any-
body should think it possible. He will forgive the theft
but not the thought. His outside is his rough side. Get
at him and he is kind-hearted, rich in strong sense and
pleasant information. He bestrides a pony with his long
legs, and the little beast has as many feet as a house-fly
in a minute. He cuts a club of a cane as if he were
going to have a bout with Hercules, and stalks away up
the mountain. He is never more at home than when he
is abroad.
The sunrise pilgrimage to Mirror Lake, three miles
up the Valley from the hotel, is one of the most delight-
ful. The lake is a sheet of water with an area of six or
eight acres in midsummer, and waveless in the morning
as a silver floor. Insignificant of itself, it betrayed the
professional tourist into a premature spasm of contempt,
and he exclaimed, his head running on Lakes Geneva and
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 225
Tahoe, " Why it's nothing but a blarsted poodle after
all!" "But it reflects the mountains," interposed some-
body, and the tourist snuffed him out with, "^m/ poodle
can cast a shadow."
Big or little, Mirror Lake is the toilet-glass of Maj-
esty. Had there been such a piece of furniture in Pal-
estine, Satan could have saved his mountain climb, for
he would have showed the Savior the glory of the world,
if not its kingdoms, reflected in this breathless trinket of
water. At the left and three miles distant, Mt. Watkins
lifts eight thousand feet above the sea — who is Mr.
Watkins? — and yonder is South Dome, a half loaf of
solid rock, ten thousand feet above salt water, cut on the
severed side to a precipice that swoons away almost a
dizzy mile. In front, and six miles away, like snowy cu-
muli at anchor, tower the granite glories of Cloud's Rest,
a mile and a quarter above the Valley and two above the
sea.
The rising sun shows a flag upon the summit of
Cloud's Rest. It is answered from the South Dome.
There is gold on the Cathedral Spires. There is crimson
on Glacier Point. There is fire on El Capitan. Did you
ever see a cataract of morning light? Look along that
castellated ridge. See the sort of rayed and smoky glory
rolling like a rapid river over the brink; it is the spray
of morning playing on the granite.
Now gaze down into Mirror Lake, and you shall be-
hold the mountain heights draw near each other; the
lofty crowns and far-off peaks incline their stately heads
together to whisper "morning!" round the land. The
curve of the great dome like the fragment of an azi-
muth, the outline of crag and cliff, the trees that cling
226 BETWEEN THE GATES.
like sailors in the shrouds, the changing lights, the shoot-
ing, shortening, shifting shadows, all doubled in the water
at your feet.
Looking at the gigantic group in the little mirror,
you begin to gain a new idea of the magnitude of
mountains and the size of — yourself. Here are giants
that, ranged around in a twelve-mile sweep, could all look
into the .same well together, like Jacob and Rachel at old
Haran.
As we were watching the dissolving views we should
never see again, a Cassius of a fellow with an African
antecedent appeared with a battered bugle, rheumatic as
to its keys, patched with pewter and asthmatic beyond
relief. It might have been blown by The Cid's bugler in
the eleventh century to scare the Moors away, and look
not a century older. Cassius wanted to play for fifty
cents, and the echoes. To have the crags open mouth
upon us in harmony with that instrument of torture was
not to be thought of. So one of the party lifted up his
head and called cuck-o-o! and every rocky face and alcove
and wooded wall gave back the word — treble, alto, tenor,
bass, — and when we thought they were all done, a faint
voice from a far ledge faltered "cuckoo.''
For a lumbering old mountain weighing two or three
hundred million tons, and whose .shoulder an able-bodied
star could not get high enough to look over without a
two hours' climb from the level of the sea, to stand there
and say " cuckoo " after you was absurd to a degree. It
was paltry business to bandy a word about that names
a bird too mean to hatch its own chickens, and so Boa-
nerges was desired to shout "Liberty!" and the rousing
trisyllable came bounding back from the responsive con-
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 227
gregation. A crag called " Lib," a wall put in the " er,"
and somebody in a turret shouted "^e/" and then far and
near, high and low, the syllables came straggling along,
the articulation growing fainter and slower, and " the
daugliter of voice "• was silent.
And then a breath from down the valley struck the
water, and the Dome was wrinkled and the Cap of Lib-
erty was ruffled like a French night-eap. Cloud's Rest
trembled out of sight, and the pageant was ended.
UP A TRAIL.
On horseback or on foot, there never was anything in
a champagne bottle so exhilarating as climbing a mountain
trail. I tried to read these trails inscribed like the mys-
terious writing on Belshazzar's palace walls, for a day or
two. I watched an apparently perpendicular rock a thou-
sand feet in the air, and saw a chalk line. All at once
from a fringe of trees mid-air there emerged three horse-
men single file, and toed it, and crept like flies along the
mountain side where there seemed no foothold for a
chamois. Then with one accord they rode straight out
to the angle of the precipice, as if they had concluded to
make a cataract of themselves, and a Tarpeian rock of it.
Then one of them climbed to the left, and two of them
scrambled to the right. They had parted company. In
ten minutes they reunited and were headed the same
way and upward still. And so they kept meeting and
parting, meeting and parting; the thousand feet was fif-
teen hundred, the fifteen hundred two thousand, and then
they went into a hole and I never saw them come out;
but after a couple of hours, upon a pinnacle were three
rats that were horses, and three glove fingers that were
228 BETWEEN THE GATES.
men. They had been traveling on two sides of a ladder
of flat Z's, and had slowly spelled themselves to the sum-
mit.
The next morning, a four-in-hand took us two miles
up the Valley, through scenery that, with tree and vine,
rock and river, tangle and shadow, was wild as the most
exacting Dryad or Naiad could wish, to the horse-trail,
a crooked, dusty trough, strown with stones, streaked
with the stroke of horse-shoes striking fire, ribbed with
gnarled roots, jostled by rocks, bordered by precipices that
tumble down into holes through the world, set up end-
wise, tilted edgewise, and wide as a stair carpet. We
reached Register Rock, with a shadow in a weary land,
like its Old Testament twin. It is about the size of a
Pennsylvania Dutchman's barn, and scrawled over with
"cream yeast" atrocities, and mammon and harlequin
possess it. It tells us that a flock of seventy-three
Bloomers alighted here in one day; that Bierstadt and
Moran halted for a mountain drink; that "Bob of Chili,"
" the noblest Roman of them all," has been here.
From this rock the horse-trail climbs to the right
for Nevada Fall, and a fine-hand affair, a foot-trail,
trends up to the left for Vernal Fall. We take the lat-
ter, a crazy screw of a track, where the thread turns
both ways in three minutes; a wall of earth and rock on
one side, a gulf on the other, where the persecuted and
mystified Merced is roaring and raving from its last
tumble, — the unha2)piest, jolliest, liveliest river in the
geography. You put your feet side by side at first, and
then Indian file, as boys walk a crack; doiibling head-
lands, climbing jagged stairs, crossing unrailed balconies.
It is nervous enough. The hungry Merced is tearing
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 229
down the gulf at your left. The boulders lift their
brown sea-lion heads flecked with foam. You wish your
right ear weighed four pounds, for a balance on the safe
side. You are not sure but it does — and
the other ear also — for as you turned in
upon the trail, a placarded tree exclaimed :
THIS IS NOT A
HORSE-TRAIL.
If the Athenians really voted that asses should be horses, it
was never carried. You gi'asp the laurel's shining leaves
as you climb, and they reward you with the refreshing
fragrance of bay-rum. You pass round an angle, and
Vernal Fall, three hundred and fifty feet high, is tum-
bling out of the air. It is no more vernal than a Lap-
land January is 110° in the shade. It is a cascade of
crystals. The rocks are spattered with the broken crock-
ery of the spectrum.
Water Falls do not talk alike. They roar, growl,
crash, grind, rush. The voice of the Vernal is grum,
like a mill, one minute, and then rough, like the grate
of coach wheels in the gravel, the next; but the Nevada
Fall slides with a smooth, soft, lulling sound, and a
faint tone like the moan of a bell that has just done
ringing. You creep over a lean shoulder, and two flights
of stairs, straight as Jacob's ladder, confront you. At
the first glance you think you would about as soon climb
by the curve of a notched rainbow. In some places the
path has an outer edge bare as the hem of a handker-
chief. In others, a fringe of grass two or three inches
high borders the trail, and how that mere nap of vege-
tation helps you keep your balance is truly wonderful,
when there is no more protection in it than there would
be in a railing of spider's web, but you walk with a
braver, surer step.
230 BETWEEN THE GATES.
Fern Grotto, at tlie foot of the stairs, is a dilapidated
hood of rock, apparently just ready to tumble upon any
forty or fifty heads that may get into it. Every maiden-
hair fern within reach had been plucked or wrenched
away by the roots, and some, on the rocky shelves out of
harm's way, had evidently been stoned as boys stone a
treed squirrel. Climbing the stairs, you land upon a broad,
smooth rock floor, with a stone balustrade built by giants,
whence you watch at your leisure the first silent, polished
plunge of the curving and jeweled water over the verge.
Then we go down the stairs, back over the hair-line,
which is an 'air-line on the brink side, to Register Rock,
where we take to the elbowed arms of the horse trail,
and tack and tug slowly up the mountain. Every other
arm, we are in the full glare of sunshine. Every other
arm, we are in the shade. The valley falls away as we
rise. The mountains settle down like motherly hens and
brood the little hills. The horizon ripples away and takes
in more and more of the world. The trails double above
each other like hanging balconies.
Just now a ringing mountain cry comes from below.
It is answered or echoed far over our heads. Queerly
enough, the highland shout is an inarticulate ^ it
cuck-oo, a variation of the Swiss yodel. Here pj^ T'r~
is the score of the musical cry: •^
These signal and warning cries are not only pleasant
everywhere, but necessary upon the narrow trails, and
prevent many an accident and awkward meeting. In
twenty minutes the owner of the voice followed the
shout. He was a mounted guide with two ladies and a
bit of a girl whose horse he led with a lariat. The
horses went with their noses down as if following the
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 231
trail by scent, carried their tails like Bo-peep's sheep
and scrambled, sure-footed as goats, up the steei:)S. The
ladies were picturesque in sea-side hats, two stirrups
apiece and a foot in each of them. Some of the best
trails had the cows for engineers. Few suspect what
ambitious heights the lumbering mothers of the herd can
reach for a tuft of grass.
Four miles on the crooked hypothenuse of a triangle
brought us out at last upon a sun-bombarded, scraggy
plateau, and in front of us, as if a rock in the sky had
been smitten like the one in the Wilderness, the Nevada
Fall poured its snowy waters. Softly sliding in silken
scallops, some fast, some slow, waters over waters, silk
over satin, and only four steps in a seven-hundred-feet
stone stairway, it gracefully descended with a rustle of
white garments, to the paved street that led down to
Vernal Fall and the valley and the canon and the sea.
Towering two thousand feet above the head of the
grand staircase, like a sentinel four thousand feet high,
stands, rigid, soldierly, erect, The Cap of Liberty. Shaggy
Bearskin Point is in sight, which Miss Anna Dickinson,
with a slight godmother experience of baptismal fonts,
strove to rechristen Crinoline Point. A sightly place to
hang a petticoat!
There has been some atrocious naming of the moun-
tains. Neither poet nor soldier has so much as a peak to
himself, but a photographer is his Eminence by virtue of
a crag, and there is a whole mountain by the name of
Gabb! Think of filling Fame's sounding trumpet with a
sonorous — gabble! Coming up the Valley from the Bridal
Veil, you see at the left three grotesque crags, four thou-
sand feet high, that turn their heads as you near them
232 BETWEEN THE GATES.
and change their shapes as you leave them. Some fra-
ternally-inclined soul named them the Three Brothers —
why not the three blind mice? — when the Indians had
recognized and christened them as well as Adam could
have done it, Pom-pom-pasus, the mountains playing leap-
frog, and there, to be sure, they sit, the granite batra-
chians, each behind the other, their arms on their thighs,
their chuckle heads lifted, and forever making ready to
jump.
We shambled and heeled it, and sometimes manibus
pedibusque, down the trail into the Valley, where saddle-
horses overtook us, a stage met us and friends greeted
us. We had enjoyed a climb, a hold-back, a saddle, and
a stage ride, — fourteen miles, all told; had been in sight
of the I'aftered garret of North America; had seen hori-
zons, now crushed like a broken hoop, and now built
far out, broad, round and perfect, — a vast amphitheater
peopled with a senate of mountains. It was a white day.
It is so set down in the calendar.
YO SEMITE FALL AND SUN TIME.
In midsummer the Yo Semite is less a fall than a fall-
away, and there is no more tumult about it than there
is in the drooping grace of a weeping willow. A streak
of water and a broad, dark line on the face of the rock,
a sort of dull lithographic map, show the route of the
cataract. It is a perpendicular half mile from the brink
of the fall to the base, and there are times when the
tumbling thunders of the melting snows from the Gothic
towers beyond, plunge through the cleft with a head-
long leap of fifteen hundred feet, strike a granite stair,
and then, girdled and hooded with foam and fury, des-
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 233
perately slip and slide foui- hundred more, and then make
a clean and final leap of more than forty rods down to
the Valley, a total twenty-six hundred feet of cataract
It is a drove of up-country rain storms and snows, herded
by the shepherds of the Sierras, and driven " down a steep
place into the" valley.
There are times when the ice and snow are piled at
its base to a height of four hundred feet, as if Yo Sem-
ite had pocketed a young Arctic ; but it is sure to slip
through its fingers in June. The wettest thing I saw
was a small white cloud, as diy as Jason's golden fleece,
that came to the cleft, took a look, and disappeai'ed.
A dweller in the Valley can see the sun rise several
times in the same morning, and not travel more than a
mile to witness it. There seems to be a granite con-
spiracy to prevent his rising at all, and he acts as if he
were assaulting point after point for a weak spot. Over
this peak, beyond that cliflF, above -yonder crag, along
that wall, he shows fight; but he scales them all at last,
and bombards the canon with his golden batteries. Eight,
nine, ten, eleven — he is an accommodating sun, and the
laziest man in the world is glad to see him before night.
I stood near an old cabin where he does not rise in
December until half-past one, and sets at half-past three.
An old-time preacher's election sermon would pack such
a day eVen-full of doctrine, and leave not a minute for
dinner or doxology. The man was no dormouse; two
hours' day were not enough; he moved a mile and got
eight. It is the sort of sun that would have delighted
the soul of Gentle Elia. " You come very late in the
morning, Mr. Lamb," said the chief of the India House
10*
234 BETWEEN THE GATES.
to the immortal clerk. " Yes," was the poet's reply,
"but then I go home very early in the afternoon!"
There never was a grander place to put up chronom-
eters, from the great cathedral clock to the mantel-shelf
aftair that ticks like a harvest-fly. There are not ten
minutes of sunshine that it does not touch some salient
point, or a shadow extend a finger and lay it on a spire,
a tower, or a mountain fir, that, once noted, is always
remembered. The face of the rocks could be mentally
covered with clock dials that would tell the hour as
perfectly as the giant of Strasburg. Once set these time-
pieces for the season, and you may leave your watch
under your pillow.
While we were in the Valley, the Evening Star had
a habit of passing a rugged embrasure on the summit of
Sentinel Rock, three thousand feet up, and it was better
than one of Shakspeare's plays to watch it. First it
passed into a castle cell, behind the wall. Then you
knew it was coming, for you saw a small dawn growing
on the sill of the battle-window. Last, it glided into
sight, clear and strong, passed straight across the field of
view, and was lost in the donjon.
The moonlight sometimes reveals more than broad
noon. Thus you may be watching a mountain wall all
day that has seemed a smooth and finished face of ma-
sonwork; but when the moon swings farther round,
shadows from some undetected high- relief of rock start
out and run five hundred feet along the mountain; or
what has always looked a whisker of a bush projects
the double of a great tree upon the wall. There is a
hand-shaped crag on Yo Semite Point, rudely resembling
the four fingers and palm in a gray mitten, and the
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 235
thumb is kindly furnished by a scrubby pine, that seems
to spring from the side of the hand, and you estimate
the height of the tree at sixteen feet, when it is two
hundred by actual measurement, and one hundred and
ten feet from its base to the cold and uncharitable hand,
and yet not the slightest dislocation is apparent. These
unaccustomed heights work surgical miracles.
In low and level regions, a man is accurately located
if you give his latitude and longitude; but among the
mountains a third factor is necessary — his altitude — how
far East or West, North or South, how far Up. In Chi-
cago, not a man in ten thousand thinks about his geog-
raphy above the sea level; but in the high lands you
pick up a hotel card, as at Denver, and read, " altitude,
6,000 feet." There are other evidences of altitude where
the stage routes are strown with broken bottles of all
colors and nations, from the stocky porter to the slender-
necked champagne. They exemplify a certain kind of
high civilization.
Did you ever see a cast of Oberlin's head, that sugar-
loaf of a head, full of sweet thoughts as a bee-hive is of
honey? That is about the shape of the South Dome. Its
organ of veneration is tremendous; there are six or eight
acres of it, six thousand feet high, and solid rock through
and through. It is a small petrifaction of the overarch-
ing sky. Agassiz would have delighted, in some fanciful
mood, to construct it. He would have set this skull upon
shoulders a mile and a half broad, and built up a human
figure six miles high to carry it. Three kinds of pines
and a few scattered grasses grow upon the reverential
Arabia Petrea. It was only toward the close of the
year '75 that a Montrose Scotchman, George S. Anderson,
236 BETWEEN THE GATES.
climbed off with the lionor of being the first man to set
foot upon the summit. He drove iron pins into the
drilled rock, extended nearly a thousand feet of rope, and
hand over hand pulled himself up, and then backed in-
gloriously dow^n. It is a kind of rope ferry to the skies.
While we were in the Valley, a ewe and her lamb unac-
countably reached the high pasture. Had it been in
South America, we should have said the condors gave
them a lift with a view to future mutton. How to get
the ambitious lanifers down was a problem.
BREAKING UP CAMP.
The sojourn in the Valley was made instructive and
delightful by Mr. J. M. Hutchings, whose name is indis-
solubly linked with the history of the Yo Semite, and
who has done more than all other men, and done it bet-
ter, to acquaint the world with its wonders. A gentle-
man of culture, he is an enthusiastic lover of the region
wherein he has passed so many years. Tall, spare, made
of whip-cord and grit, he is a revised and improved edi-
tion of Cooper's Leather Stocking. His gray hair does
not suggest age, but like a horse iron-gray, means endur-
ance. Tent life, mountain trails, adventure and shaggy
canons have charms for him that make the wilderness a
perpetual delight. He was about breaking up camp to
lead a party a three weeks' mountaineering, and we went
over to the ground to see the flitting.
His camp was pitched beside a beautiful stream near
the foot of the Yo Semite, a grassy place with luxuriant
shade.
The party was composed of ladies, old and young, two
or three strong men, a photographic artist, and some
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE. 237
bright, smart bits of boys and girls. They had just had
breakfast, and were busy as bees. The scene was pictur-
esque. A dozen horses were standing about, "all saddled
and bridled and ready to ride"; the tents were coming
down by the run, and rolling up as handily as you would
shut an umbrella; a lady of sixty-five, and who, by the
way, went up that sky-ferry on the Dome much as if she
had skipped to the mast-head on shipboard, was packing
pans and plates; girls were baling blankets, slinging tin
cups to the saddles, and petting or plaguing the horses.
The pack animals, whereof the mule Molly was chief,
were taking on a deck-load of cargo. She made a saw-
buck of her legs when the men began to tighten the
long cords over the load on one side and the other with
a foot braced against her for -a strong pull. Trunks,
boxes, bedding, a whole kitchen of culinary ware, were
balanced in the great panniers, till the cargo was as big
as herself. Sometimes she wearied of being a saw-buck,
and took to rearing up behind and before at about the
same instant, which rendered things uneasy and made
lively times for the stevedores of the queer craft. Mr.
Hutchings was the ruling spirit, tightening a girth, giv-
ing a snugger reef to a tent, condemning things they
could do without, showing it was more of a science to
know what you do not want than what you do. At
length the camp was clear, the brands of the fire were
stamped out, the last pack animal was a little elephant or
a big camel, and the order to mount peopled the saddles
as if it had been done by a bugle. Florence Hutchings,
and her brother whose short legs were projected to lar-
board and starboard from the saddle — they were about
long enough to bestride the back of a jack-knife — and
238 BETWEEN THE GATES.
made an inverted capital T of him thus, 1, led off the
cavalcade. Let us give the girl, for her own and her
father's sake, some graceful mountain height, and let it
be called Mt. Florence.
The party then deployed in a circle around the car-
riage that brought their guests, and sang ^^Vive VCom-
panie'' till the birds listened, the health of everybody was
drank in water "qualified" like a Justice of the Peace,
and one after another they filed away, the little elephants
and dromedaries giving an oriental look to the caravan,
and as they streamed out through the meadow toward
the bridge over the Merced they struck up, with one
accord, "Where now are the Hebrew children?" And
where are they? That night upon the mountain height,
five miles as the crow flies, and ten miles as the trail
went, we saw through the wind-swayed cedars their camp
blaze, like a fire-fly's intermittent light. But the bright-
eyed girls, the gentle women and the stalwart men, we
saw no more. Mr. Hutchings and a San Francisco girl
kept us company for awhile, halted with us at a mineral
spring, where we took a parting stirrup-cup of something
in ate, ite and et, the Yo Semite Leather Stocking told
sparkling and pathetic stories, one after another, taking
ofl" the curse of sentiraentalism, every now and then, with,
"And they all flapped their wingB,
Singing Filly McGrce McGraw,"
and then, putting foot in the stirrup, away went the
genial mountaineer and the merry maiden at a hand
gallop, through the trees and up the trail and round a
curve and out of sight. Good fortune and good night
to the gypsies of the Yo Semite! And then we made
our way out of the marvelous Valley, and our last look
BOUND FOR THE YO SEMITE.
239
was at El Capitan, and as we rode over the ridges and
climbed the crags, the August sun blazing with all its
fires, we turned and saw the sheen of the snows, drift
above drift, like the clouds of Magellan, everlastingly
there, and then, with benisons on the Valley and regret
for the friends and the glories we were leaving, we set
pur faces toward the Western sea and the Bay of San
Francisco, and that new Athens of the Occident.
CHAPTER XVII.
WHALES, LIONS AND WAR DOGS.
SAN FRANCISCO has lions, and now and then a whale.
For several days the street cars had been carrying
" a banner with the strange device " — " To the Whale,"
and we entered one of those crowded cars bound to
ride until somebody said " whale." But everybody said
" whale, 'J and persevered in it to such a degree that we
asked the driver — the car was one of those Insurance-
Company self-paying institutions — to say "whale" him-
self just once when the time came. He did, and we
bundled out of the car and followed the crowd. And
there he was, the fin-back, seventy-six feet long and
moored to the dock like a dismasted ship of the line.
We never got much idea of the monster from the pic-
tures we used to have. They represented a big, bulging
rubber overshoe, in the days when they called them
" gums," with a weeping willow turned to water grow-
ing out of the toe.
But here was the genuine sea-side tenement of the
Prophet Jonah, with its arched door and seventeen-feet
posts, but not a place for a bell-pull or a door-plate, the
only evidence of high life being fixtures for a fountain
in the front yard. But its blowing days were past. Roses
blow, and so do whales. Being a whale of seventy-six,
he was a Revolutionary aquatic, for he lay upon his back
240
WHALES, LIONS AND WAR DOGS. 241
and looked like the ribbed bottom of an awkward boat
painted one coat of dirty white. He was moored stem
and stern and slowly surged with the sea.
The crowd were as much of a wonder as the whale.
"Where's his flippers?" said one; "his fins?" another;
"his teeth?" a third; "Oh, hasn't he any ears?" whined
a little lubber; "Did he really swallow Jonah, ma?"
asked a good little Sunday-school girl; and so it went.
Some women were looking for a mouth full of corset
frames, but there being a doubt to which end the head
belonged, they never found " those skeletons of the closet."
An old whaler stubbing about estimated him at sixty bar-
rels. And this was the sort of beast for which all tar-
paulined Nantucket went round the Horn and widowed
the women; the mountain of blubber that could thresh a
boat like grain with one end and drown the crew with
the other; the floating oil-well for the light of other
days.
Polonius would not have said, " it is barked like a
whale," for there was no ocular proof it ever had a back;
but he could have declared, "it hath an ancient and fish-
like smell," for it suggested a whiflf of the smoky lamp
of japanned tin that stood on the stand with a snuff-box
and the family bible. A herd of whales going to " school "
in mid-ocean, with the plumes of water waving and the
great flukes lashing the sea into foam, must be a grand
sight, but this ill-shapen wi'eck of oleaginous exanimation
was not a success. Let us give it a bad name and be
gone: the great northern rorqual of the genus Balcenop-
teru, class of mammals, — think of its having calves! — of
the family of cetacea and the tribe of mutilates, and that
is what it is, and badly mutilated too! The fishermen
11
242 BETWEEN THE GATES.
caught the whale, the whale caught us, and we caught
the first car for home. Moral: "If you want to see a
whale, ship before the mast for a three years' voyage.
SEALS.
A seal-skin sacque with a snug woman inside and a
snug winter outside, is as pretty a sight as a snow-bird
in its season. But a seal in its own jacket would not
catch " the apple of discord " in the competition for beauty
with anything you ever saw pulled out of the sea. It is
an exaggerated garden slug, weighing from one hundred
pounds to four thousand, dog-headed, ox-eyed, whiskers
Spanish and sparse, a benign countenance and a pair of
flippers. Seal Rocks, six miles from San Francisco and a
few hundred feet from the headland, are three huge
cairns with a Druidical look, piled up in the sea, the
blarney-stones of San Francisco and the paradise of seals.
They are the wards of the State, protected by law, and
the piscatorial triumphs of the Coast.
You ride through Golden Gate Park, one of the most
beautiful drives in the world, with its winding sweeps
of magnificent distances, bowl up to the Clift" House and
make for the balcony. Befoi*e you, blue and scintillant
as frosty steel, is the Pacific, flaunting its white fringes
and flounces along the shore at your feet, and dying
away into the sky afar ofif. As the great waves come slid-
ing up the slopes of gray sand and fling themselves down
upon the land with thunder in the rustle of their gar-
ments, you think what a royal fool Canute was. Some
flies with filmy wings are creeping along the curve of
the horizon. They seem to move as the grass grows.
They are ships from South America, from Oregon, from
WHALES, LIONS AND WAR DOGS. 243
round the Horn. Some tobacco smokes are rolling up
in the distance. They are ocean-going steamers from
Honolulu and Cathay. Some fragments of white love-
notes are flickering in the air. They are sea-birds.
Before you rises the acropolis of seals. There are
other inhabitants of the rocky fastnesses, but you do not
notice them at first. There the seals are, some of them
coming up sleek and dark out of the sea; some lying
about with lifted heads, quarreling, gossiping, playing
with their young; some working their way up the crags
like so many portly men tied up in tawny bags from
head to heel. You are half sorry for their helpless-
ness at first, but when you see them climbing where
you could not scramble for your life, your sympathy is
lost in admiration. Their voices are a hoarse confusion
of the bark of puppies, the creak of dry cart-wheels, the
clatter of guinea-hens. You vainly try to translate the
jargon into English. It rises above the roar of the sea
and drives against the wind. These seals have a peren-
nial cold and live an everlasting Friday, for their food
is fish. They do their own angling, and twelve thousand
pounds is no extravagant estimate for the monthly rations
of the whole community. The fishing fleets would be
delighted to work up the last skin of them all into caps.
Fish, likewise eggs: for you begin to see the birds dot-
ting the rocks, sitting in drowsy rows, rising in freckled
clouds, settling down to the sea like big snow-flakes in
the dusk. There are gulls, pelicans, sea-parrots, sea-
pigeons, guillemots; some swift, some slow, and all lazy.
They lay their eggs heedlessly about among the rocks,
and the seals help themselves. The eggs are clouded and
colored marbles, pretty enough to pave the king's court-
244
BETWEEN THE GATES.
yard, and no two alike. They are nourishing inside and
neat outside. Fish and eggs! What intellectual folk the
seals should be, with nothing but edible phosphorus on
the bill of fare!
The Seal Rocks are a sort of domestic Juan Fernan-
dez, but nothing could be wilder. To see Crusoe's Capri-
cornus come round a corner would not surprise you. The
clamor of the waves, the crying of the disconsolate winds,
the screaming of the birds, the strident talk of the seals,
give you the cast-away feeling of a shipwrecked mariner.
With any other surroundings such a Babel would be
hideous, but delicate ladies sit by the hour and listen as
to bassos with subterranean voices and "larks of prima-
donnas. California is proud of its seals and its seal. The
Legislature tossed out a thousand-dollar bag of gold for
the design, like the rich uncle in the play, when they
could have bought a live bear and hired a live miner
for half the money, while the bath-tub exclamation of
Archimedes, ^'^ Eureka!'" is everybody's, and Minerva the
Romans had done with long ago. But it is wonderfully
appropriate and peculiarly Californian. Contrast with
WHALES, LIONS AND WAR DOGS. 245
this exultant device the arms of Washington Territory,
with its cheerful young woman, her hand uplifted, an
anchor at her feet, a cabin and a capitol in the distance,
the rising sun opening a fan of glory over the picture,
and the modest, hopeful word, borrowed not from classic
Greek but savage Indian, "Al-ki!" — by and by.
THE GOLDEN GATE.
It was a memorable day when we visited the Cliff
and The Golden Gate. The Lord made it that morning
and pronounced it good. Even the bare sand dunes are
beautiful with the pictured waves and ripples of watered
silk. Two mountain ranges, the nearer, russet, the far-
ther, blue, are in sight, and Diablo lifts his three thou-
sand feet of smoky grandeur. And looking upon the
purple hills and the blue and golden lights upon the
water, we thought that if ever a spot could dispute with
Athens her ancient title, it is San Francisco. Oh, " City
of the Violet Crown," all hail!
Flocks of all river and ocean craft are coming and
going. Here, a great steamer ploughs squarely out, leav-
ing a highway of wake and a line of drifted foam each
side of the road. There, a fellow with one white wing
lifted and body a-tilt, is skimming obliquely across the
Bay.
Yonder, a little African of a tug with his nose out
of water and his great fleece of black wool bigger than
his body, has a leviathan by the halter, and is leading
him up to the wharf. Now, a surly man-of-war comes
in view, or a Chinese water-bug of a craft puts out its
long antennae this way .and that, feeling for something,
or a ship with her top-hami)er piled in volumes white
246 BETWEEN THE GATES.
and high, as if she had taken on a cargo of summer
clouds for a dry market; or a schooner sits motionless on
the water asleep in its bare bones, or a long lean boat darts
about like a midge, with oars as slender in the distance
as a fine-tooth comb. San Francisco Bay is a grand
parlor with a crystal flooring of six or seven hundred
square miles. The Bay is divided somewhat as General
Lee of the Revolution partitioned off his one room into
several apartments, with a piece of chalk and a garden
line, into San Pablo and Suisun. And this grand recep-
tion chamber has furniture. There are Alcatras and
Angel Islands, and Black Point, all parlor organs with
iron batteries of pipes for pedal bass, that can pitch a
tune and a shot at the same instant. San Francisco was
ambitious to be an island itself, but the best it could do
was to become a peninsula thirty miles long with the
city upon its northeastern end, like a big word on the
tip of a tongue.
And the parlor opens out upon the Pacific. Its front
door is The Golden Gate. In fact, it is a hall five miles
long and one and a half miles broad. Its gate-posts are
Foi*t Point and Lime Point, a mile apart, and not the
least like the pillars of Hercules, and a greater than
Samson lifted the Gate from its hinges and flung it into
the sea. It is the strait of Chrysopolae, and the name was
prophetic, for early in 1848, before the discovery of gold,
Fremont, the Pathfinder, because of the fertile shores to
which it led, christened it The Golden Gate. At the
South portal is a lock. It is Fort Point, a grim struct-
ure with eight-feet walls of brick and stone, mounting
one hundred and twenty-three guns, and the Fortress
Monroe of the farthest West. A solitary sergeant opened
WHALES, LIONS AND WAR DOGS. 247
a ponderous little door in a ponderous big door, and let
us in. We passed through the hollow arched ways; went
up and down the rusty iron stairs; crossed the echoing
courts; paused in the cave-like alcoves where the cannon
dwell, and slowly paced the iron arc of death upon the
floor whereon the great guns swing round when they
look out at the windows for the canvas-winged enemy,
and speak to him in crashes of thunder; stood by the
furnace where they cook cannon balls, and deliver the
glowing planets " all hot," like the cross-buns of the Lon-
don cries, on board the hostile ships; patted the black-
mouthed monsters that forever watch the cobwebbed win-
dows, waiting for something to say, and talking in mono-
syllables when they talk at all; listened at the locked-
up dungeon of thunder and lightning; sat upon a twelve-
feet Spanish gun, adorned with the Castilian arms, and
dated 1673, that spoke Spanish, perhaps, where Toledo
blades are born, and came to this wilderness a century
ago. Very silent, very solemn, is the place.
And then we saw how the guns from fort, island and
point coiild send their iron shuttles to and fro across the
hall, and string great ships, like beads, upon their fiery
warp and woof. And then we went out and saw the
fog-bell, shaped like an iron lupin or a Puritan's hat,
hanging with its dead weight run down, voiceless, by the
wall. Think of a hat weighing two tons! And then,
climbing the craggy hills above, we saw great kennels,
and big dogs of war crouched in the sand, and their
noses smutted with " villainous saltpetre," all pointed
toward the Pacific.
And then we thought what a weary while ago it was,
three hundred and one years, since Sir Francis Drake, with
248 BETWEEN THE GATES.
a ruff round his neck, lace in his sleeves, and a silk doub-
let, discovered the bay of St. Francis,, and in the name
of the Virgin Queen — who was no duck — named the land
New Albion, and set a plate upon "a faire great jioste,
wherein was engraven her Majesty's name and yeere."
And then we took a long look at the battered door-
posts of rock and mountain, and the dim ocean beyond,
and saw a ship weighing and balancing in the offing, a
wing spread here and a wing spread there, and curtsy-
ing through the Gate into the blue parlor of the Bay.
And then we thought how the gray mists swept down,
sometimes, upon crag and water, and blotted and brooded
them all out. And then we turned away and passed
Lone Mountain, the everlasting camping ground of dead
Californians, and struck into the clattering streets of the
living, and the music of a band swayed to and fro, and
near and far, and loud and low, in the wind, and we
met fellows invested principally in vests, with their feet
apart, like an inverted Y, A, and the ribbons twisted
like yarn, getting out of the roan and the bay all there
was in them, and shouting: "Hi!" as the spokes grew
dense in the dizzy wheels. And then we saw a placarded
window that might have said, "Coffin plates purchased,"
when it did say, " Wedding presents bought or exchanged " ;
and at a street corner, " A. Goldmann " declares himself
"Mender of Broken Articles," a piece of information that
many a verdict of " twelve good and lawful men " has ap-
plied to tattered affections and fractured hearts, making
them toughest and strongest at the spot that was weakest.
And then the sea breeze bore down upon us in a
shower of sand like a troop of Bedouins, and the sky was
Coventry-blue, and the day by the sea was ended.
CHAPTER XVIII.
A TRIP TO THE TROPIC.
^T^HE valleys radiating from the Bay are among the
•-■- chief glories of the State: those spacious halls of
beauty and abundance, San Joaquin, Sacramento, Napa,
Santa Clara, forever opening into chambers along the
way, and meaning bread for the Continent, flowers for
its festivals, fruit for its tables, and the climates of all
hospitable lands.
The Central and Southern Pacific Railroads took us
over nearly five hundred miles to Los Angeles, the capital
of Semi-tropical California. To build the thoroughfare
through an appalling desert and over a rude and rugged
rabble of disorderly mountains was a bold project, but it
proved a triumph. The equipments are " express and
admirable," the ofiicers courteous. No more delightful
winter trip than this can be found without inventing
a geography. Leaving the Bay, the train runs through
miles of perpetual gardens. Think of one horizon full of
currants, another red with plums and cherries; a level
world set with vegetables like a sunflower disc with
seeds.
You set forth from San Francisco yesterday afternoon.
At this morning's dawn you have left three hundred
miles behind, and are up betimes to see the glories and
diificulties of sunrise. It is August, and you look out
249
250 BETWEEN THE GATES.
upon great, tawny plains dotted and tied down with tufts
of sage-green grass, as were your grandmother's com-
forters with yarn. Those slate-colored thunder-clouds at
your riglit are mountains. They look as smooth as a
new monument. There are more mountains ahead in
the way of the train, but it makes for them as if there
was nobody there. You are in the region where the
Sierras and the Coast Range meet. It is the trysting-
place for grandeur.
A DIFFICULT SUNRISE.
The day is yet in the gray. A flock of magpies have
been racing with the train for ten minutes. They just
showed what they could do and switched off. You see a
Chinaman asleep in the open air on a flamingo-legged
bedstead. He has achieved a second story without going
upstairs. The arrangement suggests creeping things with
.shorter legs but more of them.
The shadows of the mountains begin to show along
the plain. There is something beyond. As the light
grows, the heights retreat before the coming train. They
had drawn near in the dark to keep each other company,
but courage returns with the dawn. The light strikes
through a cleft between two lines of mountains, fires
over your head, takes the landscape behind you at long
range, while you are yet jarring on in the shadow.- It
is the phenomenon of clouds in a clear sky. The peaks
in the West respond. They are covered with pinks in
full blossom. It is as if Yesterday were pursuing you
and To-day were heading you off. At last, the unrisen
sun begins to define the edges of the mountains. He
ravels them out into fringes of trees, and sharpens the
A TRIP TO THE TROPIC. 251
rocks into angles. You think he is about to rise here,
and then a cliff crimsons somewhere else, and you are
sure he will appear yonder. The sky is steadily growing
golden red, like the ripening fruit of the Hesperian or-
chards. The sun seems to be looking for a low place to
rise in, and trying one notch after another in the jagged
horizon. You see his upper edge an instant, and then he
sinks back as you near him. The train swings round a
curve and finds the canon where he must have halted
for breakfast. An hour more and it is sunrise all
abroad. The mountains' night-clothes that strewed the
ground are rolled up and put away. The king of day
has come to his own again.
THE TEHACHAPI LOVE-KNOT.
Tehacha,pi\ is not a sneeze, but the name of a mob
of mountain peaks and crags that disputed the right of
way with the Southern Pacific Railroad. The heights
were impracticable, the rocks were immovable, and so the
train climbed as high as it could, and crept into a bur-
row like a fox. It was an eyelet-hole drilled through
and through, and so the train came out on the mount-
ain's other side, found a shelf and climbed again, entered
a second tunnel, a third, a fourth, swinging round and
up and over and through. It is a tremendous screw cut
out of mountains just to let that train run up the thread.
So we go, skirting one peak, running to earth in an-
other, whipping through seventeen tunnels, taking seven-
teen stitches in the ragged selvedge, in the distance of
ten miles, the engine and the train in two burrows at
once. Now we look down upon four tracks we have
come, and now we look up upon three tracks we are
252 BETWEEN THE GATES.
going, that are forever crossing themselves like a con-
fused witness.
The little roasted village of Caliente lies in the valley
four thousand feet below us, and we have been circling
above that cigar-box of a town like a hawk over a barn-
yard. We bid it a final farewell as often as a star actor
takes leave of the public, and round we swing again, and
there is bewitching Caliente! It is a single mile distant,
but we have gyrated six miles to make it. One curve of
three-fourths of a mile lifts us seventy-eight feet above our
own heads. We seem to be constantly meeting ourselves,
pursuing ourselves, contradicting ourselves. The summit
of Tehachapi is five-sixths of a mile above the sea, and
the train climbs one hundred and sixteen feet to the mile
for twenty-five miles. The engine does some tough tag-
ging hereabouts, but then, going one way it runs forty-
seven miles without pulling a pound. All it wants is a
snaffle-bit and a hold-back. It boxes the compass in sixty
minutes.
■ You have seen a cat feeling her cautious way through
the currant bushes with her whiskers? If they touch,
she tries another opening; if they clear, she disappears
in the greenery; for she knows she carries the measure
of her fur clothes at the corners of her mouth. This
train, prowling and feeling its way among the crags of
the knobbed world, has a cat-like way of its own. High-
land and lowland, that engine is a wonderful civilizer,
and there are only two hundred thousand of her on the
globe, but they represent the physical force of a hundred
millions of men, and a spanking team of twelve millions
of horses. The double-stranded thread on which these
heights are strung, called the Loop, is three thousand
A TRIP TO THE TROPIC.
253
seven hundred and ninety-five feet long, a great double
bow-knot of steel.
The tunnels are about as thick as woodchuck holes
in a New York pasture, and looking back upon the
craggy mouth of one you have just threaded, you wonder
how the cat made it without bending her whiskers and
rasping her sides. There- is some beauty about these bur-
rows if you watch for it. Standing upon the rear plat-
form as the train enters the great tunnel of San Fer-
nando, a mile and seventeen hundred feet long, you see
first a round frame with the picture of a rock and a tree
in it. It is a i-are medallion. It grows finer and finer,
but clear as an artist's proof all the while, and then it
changes into a great harvest moon in the horizon, and
the umber-colored smoke tints it down to lunar light.
Then as the train descends the grade of seventy feet in
the tunnel, that moon begins to rise, and lessen as it
climbs. The clouds sweep over its face, but leave no
stain. That moon-rise in the mountain heart, with its
undrilled welkin of solid rock, is a magical and beautiful
illusion. You watch it with anxious eagerness as you are
254 BETWEEN THE GATES.
borne away into the rumbling Erebus of the sunless hall.
At last it is only a star of the fourth magnitude, a spark
of light, then gone. Meanwhile the system of compensa-
tions sets another planet waxing at the other end of the
tunnel; and so there are a pair of moons doing escort
duty for every passing train.
You have noticed a hen before now, standing on one
foot in a drizzly, lazy day, and you saw a sort of filmy
curtain draw slowly over an eye about as intelligent as
a glass bead, while the outside blind was wide open. Go-
ing through tunnel No. 5 of the Loop, I saw that pul-
let's eye magnified and glorified, and that same curtain
— but made of yellow smoke this time — drawn slowly
over the unspeculative optic in the absurdest way, while
the great rocky eyelid remained lifted under the shaggy
brow. There is something unaccountably ridiculous about
both of them.
THE MOJAVE DESERT.
It is at mid-day, under a sky cloudless as the shield of
Achilles, that we strike into the great desert of Mojave.
I fancied I crossed a desert on the Overland Train, but
it was a blunder. It was nothing but a batch of Satanic
dough. But here are the cruel, glittering plains, flinty
to the feet, fiery to the eye, " and not a drop to drink,"
thousands of square miles of desolation. No ruins here
but the wrecks and ruins of all the Christian seasons of
the year, shut out from the blessed promises of seed-time
and harvest, and sending back fierce answer to the noon.
It is the crumbling skeleton of Nature, hopeless of liurial
and bleaching in the sun.
I cannot realize this transit of the desert in a palace-
A TRIP TO THE TROPIC. 255
car, this turning a howling Tadrnor into a luxury. It
I'obs the route of all daring and adventure. I am sorry
I cannot be as sorry as I was, for Mungo Park and
Bruce, and the rest, who, foot-sore and camel-back, wan-
dered hungry and athirst in the trackless sands. I can
believe all they tell me of starvation and death; of trains
bewildered and lost; of the lakes of delusion with which
the mirage beguiled them miles from their way, only to
sink down in the arid waste disconsolate; of the dumb
despair that lashed to desperate deeds. Only a few days
before, a Colonel of the Army had told me of leading his
command of infantry through this Desert, and eighteen
days on the way; of the steel blade that could lie upon
the ground the night out without a tarnish; of the wagons
that tumbled to pieces without wearing out.
Away at the left, a sweep of two hundred miles, it is
lost in the distance, and far to the front it touches the
mountains. Tufts of raspy grass rigid as knitting-needles
are sparsely sprinkled about among leprous patches of
white earth. Everything that grows here is covered with
thorns, or spikes, or stings, and seems making a stub-
born fight for its life. What they want to live at all
for nobody knows.
A VEGETABLE ACROBAT.
But the Yucca is the triumph of the Desert, and
there are thousands of it. Fancy trees from twelve to
twenty feet high, growing in the most fantastic shapes,
and covered with deep-green bottle-brushes of foliage,
never fading, but bristling all ways in the most irritable
manner; their gnarled figures, dark as the black cypress,
showing in mournful relief against the ghastly plains
256 BETWEEN THE GATES.
and the brazen skies, and you have the Yucca. It looks
as if it might be an exaggerated cousin of the cactus
family. The trunks' of the chicken Yuccas are covered
with coarse plumage, a little like the covering of a pine-
apple, down to the ground, like so many Bantams feath-
ered along the legs.
Nothing more grotesque in the vegetable world can
be conceived: the limbs growing out jiist as it happens,
from the trunk and from each other, sometimes live ball-
clubs with the big ends farthest from the tree, and some-
times oven-brooms for the wind to swing, if there were
any more swing to them than there is to the tines of a
pitch-fork in a breeze. Now you see a tree that oddly
suggests one of the useless and ornamental waiters that
infest hotels with their whisk brooms and open palms,
but sprouted out all over with arms and legs, and the
tip of every finger and toe finished off with a green
brush. But the mosi; resemble acrobats. Here a family
of limbs make a slender-bodied, long-legged fellow with
his lean arms resting on a branch beneath him, and just
ready to leap over the top of the tree, which he never
does. If we were not quite sure the Lord made the
Yucca to fight and frolic in the Desert, we should lay
its manufacture to a Chinaman. It has a grotesque-
ness quite " celestial " but not heavenly. Who knows
but these trees are transmigrated champion equestians of
the ring, and Mojave a sort of circus-riders' paradise?
You have little idea how those Yucca fellows beguile the
way, and I can hardly help thinking of them now as
some tribe of East Indian jugglers turned vegetables.
The Yucca has its uses, the trees are being swiftly
slain, and a short time will see the plains utterly de-
A TRIP TO THE TROPIC. 257
nuded. Who would suspect that closely folded in those
eccentric trunks were reams of bank-note paper? And
yet I have before me a piece of the fibrous wood and a
sheet of the firm, smooth fabric they wove of it.
THE MIRAGE.
We had been hoping for the phantasm of the mirage,
and we were not disappointed. Some one cried "mfVe-
idge!" and some one coi*rected, "ml-razh!'" and there
indeed it was, a beautiful lake of blue water at the left
of the train and five miles away. We must surely run
along the edge of its white beach. We must rest our
eyes with a near look of the rank sedge, but we never
did. The splendid waters rippled in the wind and re-
freshed the fancy, but as we approached they vanished,
and the thirsty plain lay parched and rigid where the
waves had glittered and glassed in the sun! We had
seen one charming picture of aerial geography, one shore
that never meandered, one lake that never was named,
one world that was never mapped. And to think of the
hundreds of travelers with blackened lips that had sought
these seas of delusion, and died with dry eyes before they
reached them !
The train halted at a Station, desolate as a light-
house and as guiltless of door-yard as a gibbet, and a
dilapidated stage, a sort of tattered tent on wheels, was
waiting there for a victim. It looked just fit to connect
with Charon's ferry and carry second-class passengers and
dead-heads. One man with a pair of saddle-bags climbed
into it, and we wondei'ed if he meant to cross the river
Styx after he left the coach. A little while after, we saw
an eight-mule team, the wagon under bare hoops, like a
11*
258 BETWEEN THE GATES.
woman's dismantled skirt, creeping along in the distance
like a procession of rats. Whether the canvas was burned
off or blown off no one could tell. Somebody said they
were going to a mining camp in the mountains, and
they are quite welcome to everything they can get. One
man said: "Things look barren as Sarah," meaning the
African Sahara of the blundering old geographies. An-
other man said: "That's so! Barren as Sarah — before she
was ninety years old!" The other man had been made
mad by the desolation, and a Yucca beside the track
held up two hands full of brushes in deprecation and dis-
tress.
A field at the right of the train, white as a cambric
handkerchief, sent everybody to the ice-pitcher with thirst.
It was a lake of salt. A drier piece of waterscape can-
not be found between Cancer and Capricorn. The salt
was piled upon the shores of what was no sea, like the
snow-forts of the Yankee boys in New England winters,
and two wagons were there taking on a load of chloride
of sodium. Sodom would have been at home in it, and
Gomorrah also.
This traversing a desert reclining upon a sofa, with
your lazy feet on an ottoman, defrauds a man out of
the luxury of remembered deprivation and danger. We
should have enjoyed its memory more had there been
anything struggled through and escaped. Set a fellow
on foot behind a mule bankrupt of thistles and with
ears wilted down with the drouth; let the fellow's hair
turn the color of corn-silk in the sun, and the canteen
at his side tinkle loudly with emptiness, and he tighten
his belt another hole to gii-d up his leanness — let him
come to some blessed edge of the green world at last,
A TRIP TO THE TROPIC. 259
with a soul in his body and yet to be saved, and his
recollections are worth keeping and telling.
We are nearing the mountain range of San Fernando.
The entrance of the tunnel yawns for us with hospitable
darkness. We enter it without misgiving. The disas-
tered night is welcome. The avant-courier of a moon
rises before us at the distant end of the tunnel. It
broadens from sickle to crescent, from crescent to full.
We pass out of eclipse into what Richelieu always de-
clared there is — "another and a better world."
THE CITY OF THE ANGELS.
Entering the tunnel was a sort of dying out of the
waste places, and emerging on the other side was a
little like being born into an emerald world. We hardly
knew how much we missed the green fields, the clear
waters and the human homes, till we saw them again.
Could the moon be towed alongside the earth and the
twain connected by an unlighted hall a mile and a third
long, through which a lunatic could come toll-free in
ten minutes, the contrast could hardly be finer. And
yet to see the valley and plains of Los Angeles in mid-
summer sometimes throws dust in the eyes of enthusi-
asm. Tree and shrub, except where transfigured with
the witchery of water, are powdery as a miller's coat,
and the dry fields and highways are thickly and waste-
fully strewed with Graham flour that rises without yeast.
Palm leaves are as gray as an elephant's ears, and por-
tions of the landscape have a disused air, as if beauty
was about going out of business and moving away,
while the heat dances a hot- footed hornpipe upon the top
of your hat, and gives you the feeling that somebody
260 BETWEEN THE OATES.
has slyly slipped an athletic and attractive mustard-
plaster between your shoulder-blades.
I can almost see the fur of indignation rise as some
Angelian reads this paragraph, but then we reached the
city of " Our Lady " at high noon of an August day,
when everything is in curl-papers like a woman's hair
before breakfast, and it was an hour too early for the
salted breeze to begin to blow from the sea, and the
grim maps of the benighted regions of the heathen to
be washed from our heated faces, and the cool tinkling
of the fountain in the " Pico House " court to be heard,
where tropic vines we had never seen were climbing
easily and noiselessly about in cool jackets of green.
Then there is ground for suspicion that the warm
welcome we received from Mr. John Osborne, of the
Overland Transfer Company, and Colonel Samuel C. Hough,
of the " Pico House," to both of whom we are indebted
for attentions, as unwearied as they were grateful, may
have given the thermometers an additional lift and made
us a few degrees warmer than if they had turned the
cold shoulder. In an action for slander, let the jury
bring me in: "Not guilty, and so say we all!"
Whoever asks where Los Angeles is, to him I shall
say: across a desert without wearying, beyond a moun-
tain without climbing; where heights stand away from
it, where ocean winds breathe upon it, where the gold-
mounted lime-hedges border it; where the flowers catch
fire with beauty; among the orange groves; beside the
olive trees; where the pomegranates -vyear calyx crowns;
where the figs of Smyrna are turning; where the ba-
nanas of Honolulu are blossoming; where the chestnuts
of Italy are dropping; where Sicilian lemons are ripen-
A TKIP TO THE TROPIC. 261
ing; wbere the almond trees are shining; through that
Alameda of walnuts and apricots; through this avenue of
willows and poplars; in vineyards six Sabbath-days' jour-
neys across them; in the midst of a garden of thirty-six
square miles — there is Los Angeles.
The city is the product of one era of barbarism, two
or three kinds of civilizations, and an interregnum,
and is about as old as Washington's body-servant when
he died the last time, for it is in its ninety-seventh year.
You meet native Californians, wide-hatted Mexicans, now
and then a Spaniard of the old blue stock, a sprinkle of
Indians and the trousered man in his shirt and cue. You
see the old broad-brimmed, thick-walled adobes that be-
tray the early day. You hear somebody swearing Span-
ish, grumbling German, vociferating Italian, parleying in
French, rattling China and talking English.
You read Spanish, French, German and English news-
papers, all printed in Los Angeles. It is many-tongued
as a Mediterranean sea-port, and hospitable as a grandee.
Yesterday and to-day are strangely blended. You
stroll among thousands of vines that are ninety years
old and yet in full bearing. You pass a garden just
redeemed from the dust and ashes of the wilderness.
You pluck an orange from a tree that was venerable
when Charles the Fourth was king of Spain, and you
meet a man who has sat down to wait six years for his
first fruit. A drive through the old quarter of the city
takes you to the heart of Mexico, with the low-eaved
fronts, the windows sunk like niches in the walls, the
Italic-faced old porticoes, the lazy dogs dozing about in
the sun. In ten minutes you are whirled between
two long lines of new-made Edens whence Eve was never
3()2 BETWEEN THE P.ATES.
driven; such wealth of color, such clouds of fragrance,
such luxuriance of vegetation, and nothing nearer like
the " waving sword at the Eastward " of the first home-
stead than the slashed sabre-like leaves of the banana
that holds up its rich, strange, liver-colored blossoms as
if it were proud of them.
The Pueblo of flie Queen of the Angels was founded
by the proclamation of Governor Felipe De Nieve, almost
a century ago, and was the Mexican capital of Alta Cal-
ifornia. You are startled the first morning by a battle
of cracked bells, as if ringing from the necks of a gal-
loping and demoralized herd of cattle stampeding through
the city streets. It is the pitiful complaint of the disabled
chime of green bells in the old Parish Church of Los
Angeles, and you stroll over to look at the ancient
structure. A gray-haired padre, leaning heavily upon a
young priest, " all shaven and shorn," comes slowly out.
The inscription over the jjortal is: "Los Fieles de esta
PaiToquia a la Reina de Los Angeles'''' — The Faithful of
this Parish to the Queen of the Angels. The church
has a stoi'y and has been restored. The inscription for-
merly ran: ^^Los Pohres"" — the poor, instead of the faith-
ful, shadowing the fact that at one time it was the mite
of the widow and not the wealth of the hidalgo that
sustained the mission.
THE ORANGE GROVES.
My idea of an orange grove was of an orchard where
the trees laden with golden fruit sprang up from a smooth,
green turf "of broken emeralds," that invited you to sit
down on the dapple of a shadow every few minutes and
be happy; of ti'ees with a tropic brightness of foliage
A TRIP TO THE TROPIC. 263
that would dispose me to listen to such fowls as the bul-
bul and sing gay little canzonets in two parts. Now an
apple orchard is a cheerful place; it is spangled with
clover; its fruit is of all colors but indigo; it has rob-
ins and sparrows; its sturdy arms extend over you in a
sort of pomonic benediction and invite you to perch in
the Seek-no-further — or, as we called it, the signifider,
but what signifies? — or the Pound Sweeting.
Nothing of all this belongs to an oi'ange grove. The
trees are tall, straight, symmetrical, not friendly in their
way but a little stately, as if they should say: "Behold,
we are oranges!" and not much more shadow about their
roots than a Lombardy Poplar. There is no individual-
ity. Every tree resembles every other tree. The earth
is bare and tilled like a garden. When you feel like
reposing in a well-weeded onion bed you can take lodg-
ings in an orange grove. Driving through the splendid
lines of trees numbering up to the tens of thousands,
the whole year hung upon a single one, from the deli-
cate white blossom that graces the bridal veil to the
baby fruit, small as a walnut; to the tint of yellow
struggling through the green; to the untarnished gold of
the rounded and ripened fruit; the air, like a swinging
censer, heavy with fragrance, and filled with the hum of
bees; the lighter-leafed regiments of lemons, with their
bright gilt orreries of fruit; the lime hedges, dotted
with diamond editions of the full-grown mothers of lem-
onade; the cactus fences, all alive, slowly climbing over
themselves in diagonals of serried pin-cushions; the ba-
nanas bursting into barbaric luxuriance; the earth ter-
raced ofl" for the water to flow in, and, this moment,
coursing along the checker-work of channels and shining
264 BETWEEN THE GATES.
in the sun; the feathery plumage of the pepper tree,
touched up with spangles and bugles of brilliant crimson
and red; the fan-palms slowly lifting and lowering their
great hands in perpetual salute, — all these scenes, lovely
as anything in the vale of Cashmere, seem to rebuke
your dear rugged home at the Eastward of Eden, and
you grow grave when you meant to be gay, and are not
quite sure a Rhode Island Greening, and a dough-nut
with an orthodox twist, are not better than oranges, ba-
nanas and June all the year long. Here is an orangery
of six acres, and five hundred trees fourteen years old,
that filled thirty-eight hundred boxes the last season, and
its owner sold the crop for six thousand dollars in ad-
vance. A man with a counterpane of a farm and six
hundred orange trees can sit in the shade and draw a
Star-preacher's salary without passing the plate. The
orange is the true jMmum aurantium of California, the
"apples of gold" of the old Scriptures.
THE VINEYARDS.
The tillage of the vine is the oldest in the world. It
grows in the Old Testament and the New. It is a native of
the Odes of Horace, and thrives in Grecian song. " Vine "
and " wine " have stood up to be married by rhymsters
■} wkTe, t^o hundred thousand times in twenty years. If to
one city more than another, of all cities I have seen, belongs
the iirhs in horto of Chicago's seal, Los Angeles is the
place. It is not only a city in the garden, but a garden
in the city. The two are interwoven like the blossoming
warp and woof of a Wilton carpet. We visited the vine-
yard and wine-presses of Don Matteo Keller. It is in
the heart of the city, and contains one hundred and thirty-
A TRIP TO THE TROPIC. 265
seven acres, and has two hundred and ten varieties of
grapes. In the season ten thousand gallons of wine are
produced daily, and there were two hundred thousand
gallons ripening in the vaults. I looked upon "the wine
when it is red," when it " moveth itself aright," like pure
amber in the cup; when it looked like the golden haze
of Indian Summer. White, port, sherry, Angelica, are
among the wines. The semi-tropical zone of Los Angeles
county contains twenty-eight hundred square miles, of
which about one hundred and twenty are under cultiva-
tion. It is the zone of three rivers, the Los Angeles, the
San Gabriel, and the Santa Ana, and is guarded by two
mountain ranges, the San Bernardino and San Gabriel,
four being saints, and one full of angels. The Spanish-
Mexican race beat the world in verbal magnificence. They
will bankrupt Castile, Aragon, and the Halls of the Mon-
tezumas, to christen an adobe chapel, primitive as a Dutch
tile, with saintly names enough to man St. Peter's, at
Rome. Sometimes their religion is imposing, and their
piety an imposition.
A vineyard is a torrid region in August, with hardly
shadow enough to shelter a sheep. The broad leaves of the
vines shining in the sun are warm to look at; the great
purple clusters, like those the two pictured Israelites are
bringing home from the Promised Land swung upon a
pole, and the tip grapes of the pyramids touching the
ground, are all about you as you walk. You are in Col-
onel B. D. Wilson's vineyard of two hundred and fifty
acres, a quarter of a million vines around you, two and a
half million pounds of grapes slung up by the stems, and
two hundred and fifty thousand gallons of wine " in the
original package."
12
266 BETWEEN THE GATES.
Let us escape to a great willow. Let us strike into
the stately hall with its walls of live orange and its cor-
nices of leaves. You are a little afraid of scorpions, but
people tell you that while not much, in the way of per-
sonal beauty, they are not near so fatal as Daniel Boone's
rifle. Looking in the Dictionary, you find it is " a pedi-
palpous, pulmonary arachnidan," with a pair of forceps
coming out of its forehead. This is certainly pretty bad,
but in the next sentence Webster comforts you with —
" very seldom destructive of life." Tarantulas also. My
friend cracked one over " the dead line " with his whijj-
lash just now, and the party flung its eyes about
regardless of expense as it strolled over a dry plain. But
then, to balance the books, we have — Los Angeles: Cr.
by musquitoes, none; frost-bitten ears, none.
"A BEE RANCH."
I quote it because it is none of my verbal sins. To
call a place where bees are harbored and robbed, a ranch,
is about as bad as to name the grazing range of lowing
herds a cattle academy. But to quote Webster at a Cali-
fornian because he confounds hacienda with rancho would
only be to provoke him to make a Dictionary of his own ;
so I leave him to " band " his sheep and herd his bees
as he pleases. If bees are either cattle, sheep or hoi*ses,
then there is such a thing as a bee ranch.
The sun beat, like a drummer in a spasm, upon the
parchment-dry earth as we rode ten miles out to a bee
village. It was some comfort to see the mountain, " Gray
Back," snowy as a bride's cake, with its undated frosting,
even if it was ninety miles away; and a grand orange-
tree avenue to a vineyard, with its deep green foliage,
A TRIP TO THE TROPIC. 267
suggested a sort of " Abraham's- bosom " Paradise to us
poor feverish children of Dives in the valley below.
Stumbling over the mountain toes, and up to the in-
step of the foot-hills, we entered a Bee Town. There, were
the white, flat-roofed cottages, hundreds of them, in reg-
ular streets, and the bees, Italian hybrids, with less gold
lace on their uniforms than our Eastern pagans of the
old straw hives, were coming and going. If you can
keep from sneezing, and are not taken with St. Vitus's
dance, and your horses never emulate Job's chargers, and
say " ha ha ! " you are as safe as if nobody in that com-
munity carried concealed weapons. The population of this
village — it was never incorporated on account of the
taxes — is not less than five millions. New York, with
all its dependencies, would be a mere suburb. The pro-
prietor is a courteous Southron, lean, and long in the
flank as a panther, and children as thick about him as
the young shoots of a cottonwood. The bee is the most
overworked animal in California, and is miserably im-
posed upon by the only creature that can match him in
geometry.
His working day begins at four o'clock in the morn-
ing and lasts fifteen hours. Often so far from home at
sunset that he cannot return, he puts up for the night
at some wayside inn, and you often see him coming
slowly in at sunrise with his heavy burden. In more
inclement climates a night out is a life out, for the bee
" that hesitates is lost." His usual foraging range is a
circle about twelve miles in diameter, and he pasturas
upon plains and mountains that a crow of modei*ate
means would never halt at. He extracts honey from the
wild sage, willow, wild buckwheat, barberry, coflFee bean,
268 BETWEEN THE GATES.
sumac; and the greasewood, a disagreeable plant, as open
to a honey suspicion as a lump of putty, affords an excel-
lent article. That of the orange blossom is golden and
oily, and good enough to follow the flower and sweeten
the honeymoon. " How," said I to the patroon of the town,
" is it that the bee derives the harmless luxury from
noxious weeds?" "Ah," he replied, "bees are the best
chemists in the world. They never err. They can get
« the unadulterated honey safely out and leave a strychnine
crystal untouched. Bees are not like folks. Did you ever
hear of their committing suicide?"
" Yes, we keep 'em to work. When the comb is filled
and capped, we just uncap it by passing a hot knife-blade
over it, fasten the comb in this hollow cylinder here, set
it going, the honey is all whirled out into a reservoir
below, we restore the empty cells, and the puzzled bees
go at it again."
A curious case of litigation just then was exciting a
little interest. The owner of a vineyard was the apia-
rist's next neighbor. Now a bee will not puncture an
unbroken grape, but when it is crushed the honey-maker
is its best customer. He drinks like a Rhinelander.
When the season for wine-making came, a few bees went
over in a friendly way, though taking their rapiers
along, returned to the village with a good report, and
the whole community never stood " on the order of their
going," but made for the press, drove off the workmen
and took possession. The air was fairly dusty with bees.
Where the grapes are trodden out as in Bible times, and
as sometimes in California, though nobody owns it, the
lazy, bare-foot tramp is accelerated to a quick-step out of
the neighborhood. Therefore the patroon was ordered to
A TRIP TO THE TROPIC. 269
keep his bees at home and sued for trespass. But how
can such unruly flocks and herds be fenced in? And so
the defendant rejoined that the vine-dresser could protect
his press with a wire gauze that would keep the busy
aggressors on the right side of it, which is the outside.
The case of Wine versus Honey is one of tlje legal
novelties of the farthest West. Looking down street I
noticed a boiling cloud of bees apparently in excited con-
sultation, and suggested to my friends that " to be or not
to be " was the question, and " wouldn't we better be
going?" and we got safely out of town. Each swarm
last year put up about one hundred and fifty pounds, that
brought twelve dollars. To be the owner of five hun-
dred hives is better than to be a member of the Cabinet.
THE MISSION OF SAN GABRIEL.
It was a splendid pilgrimage ten miles out, into the
valley of San Gabriel and the old Mission. To the north
is the Coast Range with a white proof-sheet of winter
pinned upon Gray Back like a vandyke, beyond us a
rolling plain with samples, you would say, of all sorts of
soil from cinder-and-ashes and gravel to dark loam, a
sort of jumble of the remnants of a geological ware-
house. But no matter about the soil. All you want is
a watering-pot or a waterspout, or something rather wet.
All fruits and flowers are spelled out with the one word
irrigation. On this plain, where the horses' hoofs tick like
nail hammers, too hard-baked for a cracker and not quite
hard enough for a brick, grass springs rank and strong
from December to June, then makes hay of itself of its
own accord, and lasts out the year.
We begin to see orchards, vineyards, cottages; the
270 BETWEEN THE GATES.
magnificent orange Alamedas, the walnut walks, the fig-
tree lanes. At last we reach the quaint old Mission vil-
lage where the adobe dwellings like last year's birds'
nests are lost and forgotten in shrubs, vines and flowers.
Some Indians and squaws were sauntering about. It was
hot as Cayenne and quiet as Sleepy Hollow. We were at
one of the ancient posts in the picket-lines of the Fran-
ciscan Fathers. We looked at the clock. It marked the
year of our Lord 1774. Here, one hundred and four
years ago, the Mission was established in the uttermost
wilderness. Not a handful of clay had been moulded for
any City of the Angels. We approach the gray Gothic
church of San Gabriel, the buttresses projecting at inter-
vals along walls that are five and a half feet thick,
whose foundations were laid before the Minute-men of
Concord and Lexington had rallied out.
A woman unlocked the ancient door, and bare-headed
and silent we entered in. Some neophyte had written,
" Hats oflF. Pray don't talk," but with the thoughtful
there was no need. Hollow as a cave and solemn as a
tomb, the floor spoke back to the footfall. We saw the
censers and the saints, the crosses and the crowns, the
tattered tapestries that came from Spain to be unrolled
in the desert, all faded like an old man's eyes. We
stood, and not irreverently, upon the worn stone dished
like the scale of Justice, by feet that turned long ago
into leaves and flowers. Here clouds of incense and ves-
pers rose harmonious, and the nocturn, a sweet song in
the night, deepened into matins in the morning. We did
not hear the chime of bells that came from the Span-
ish furnace rich with gold and silver offerings that were
flung into it, and are heard in every tone of the neck-
A TRIP TO THE TROPIC. 271
lace of melody even until this day. They are trinkets
as safe from all thieves as treasures laid up in Heaven.
Borne across the sea to a wilderness without a name,
they have rung out upon the charmed air for a hundred
years like three bell-birds of Brazil. But as has been
well said by Major Ben. C. Trumajt, of Los Angeles, they
are only links in the endless chain of melody flung from
San Diego to the Red River of the North.
"The bells of the Roman Mission
That call from their turrets twain,
To the boatman on the river.
To the hunter on the plain."
We went through a side door into the poor, neglected
city of the silent. It has survived grief and friends. It
is too old. Gray, wooden crosses lean this way and that,
over graves that are nameless. Sealed tombs are crum-
bling. It lies there under the church wall in the glare of
the sun, the autograph of death and desolation scrawled
upon the dusty, thirsty and insatiate earth. It is conse-
crated ground, but dishonored by neglect. What would
we have? Is there more than one man that can weep at
the grave of Adam? Does anybody set pansies on the
grave of his mother-in-law's mother-in-law?
THE GARDEN.
The Mission Garden is not as old as the Garden of
Eden, but it was a cultivated spot, for all that, when
there was not a State between Pennsylvania and the
Pacific ocean but the state of Nature, and when saddles,
bateaux, dug-outs and moccasins were the only means of
conveyance. We came to a high wall and a low adobe,
and halted in the shade of a great palm seventy feet
high planted by a Franciscan two generations ago. It
272 BETWEEN THE GATES.
was my first acquaintance with the tree where it seemed
to be at home. Its trunk was curiously fluted, and it
spread its great palms as if it felt and enjoyed the sun-
shine. Our knocks at the gate brought the reply of a
couple of dogs, and if I can judge of the canine gamut,
I should say those dogs were hungry, and barked in the
key of C sharp. They leaped, and looked through the
cracks of the wall, and snuffed like a camel that smells
water, barking their way up and down those cracks as a
boy runs his mouth along the holes of a harmonica and
blows. It was a good thing for them that the wall was
too high for me to get at them, and I said, my voice
trembling with compassion, "Let us not worry those
poor" — I was just about to say "dumb brutes" when
one of them put his mouth to a crevice not more than
a foot from my ear and barked me six feet from the
fence at one jump — so I said, "poor brutes any more.
Let us go away. The merciful man is merciful to the
beast."
My humane counsel -prevailed, and we all went to the
low door of the adobe. A battered old hatchet tethered
by a string hung from the door-post for a knocker, and
some one lifted it and smote the heavy gray portal, and
a Spanish woman opened it and admitted us with a smile.
She was eighty, and no dentist's window ever showed so
handsome a set of teeth, even, white, none gone, and hers
by birthi'ight; and her hair, just silvered to the tint of
beauty, was as rich and heavy as the mane of Bucephalus.
We saw the fire-place wide and deep as a cave and the
quaint smoky furniture, and went out into the garden.
Here we were, where the Franciscan Fathers had
paced, and veiled sisters flitted in the morning twilight
A TRIP TO THE TROPIC. 273
of the present century; in the early afternoon of the last.
Here was the garden of olives. We stood under fig-trees
hung with money-purses filled with seeds, that paid their
way with just such coin when the janitrix of fourscore
was a baby in arms. Here were orange-trees that were
bearing in 1800, and sweet lemons and sweet limes from
Barcelona. The scabbards of Toledo blades have clanked
along these rambling alleys, and boots of Cordovan leather
printed oflP the dust. Here was a Mission grape vine
with a gnarled trunk like a great tree, and mother of
the vines of the valley, that came over from Spain in a
three-storied castle of a galleon in 1798, and beat grandly
up the bay to the embarcadero of the Mission of San
Gabriel. But it is not worth while to waste any senti-
ment upon the place, for, truth to tell, it is not a bit
more like Irving's Alhambra than a Scotch kale patch is
like the Queen's gardens at Kew.
There is no implement on the premises less than a
half century old. The walks are dusty, the borders are
ragged, the trees have grown wanton and willful. Every-
thing is a hundred years old but the madre and the
dogs. Those dogs! Come to see them, one weighs less
than eight pounds, and his bark is bigger than his body.
But the earth has not forgotten its cunning, nor the sun
been shorn 'of his glory. There is no hurry here in any-
thing but growing. Kill the dogs, and Sterne's starling
would never have sung here to get out, and Cowper's hare
would have slept undisturbed in her form. The old glo-
ries of the Mission have departed. As we filed out of the
door some one said a friendly word to the woman. I can
see her pleasant mouth as, with a smile flickering across
her white teeth, as if some one passed by with a light,
274 BETWEEN THE GATES.
and a hand pvishing back her silver hair, she said "Gra-
cias, t\ Dios!" and so we went out from the old garden
on an errand.
Went out to see a girl! And her name, it is Ulailie
Perez Geuillen. Her father was a .soldier in Lower Cali-
fornia, her mother followed the regiment, and she was
born in the Presidio Loretta. But the girl had gone
visiting, and she has figured in a lawsuit. She had some
friends who wanted to take her to the Centennial Expo-
sition, and others who resisted. So, one party stole her,
and the other replevied her. When the Mission church
was built and the Mission garden was planted, Ulailie
was old enough to catch a bee in a hollyhock, to tell her
beads and say her paternoster. She is seven years older
than the United States of America, for she was born in
1769. She retains her faculties, for though she has not
danced a fandango or beat the castanets in eighty or nine-
ty years, she knows a tai'antula from a tortilla with the
naked eye. She can read as readily without spectacles
as she did at eighteen. The fact, however, is not so
noteworthy as it would be had Ulailie ever learned to
read at all.
The return to Los Angeles was in the burden and
heat of the day, and the " Pico House" was grateful as
the shadow of a great rock in a weary land. Thinking
over the facts, I must express the conviction that no
place between the oceans and Noi'th of the Gulf of Mex-
ico offers so delightful a refuge from the inclemency of
hyperborean winters as Los Angeles, and I trust it will
prove in the future as it has been in the past, the city
of good angels to thousands of fugitives from the " tem-
pestuous wind called Euroclydon."
A TRIP TO THE TROPIC.
275
Returning from San Gabriel to the city a-flying, we
sat in the pleasant court of the "Pico House" with
pleasant friends, and heard the story of a running vine
that is yet hurrying about, looking for Longfellow's im-
mortal Latin comparative. The runner, on a growing night,
mounted a ladder of pencil-marks on the frame, at the
rate of an inch an hour, and several truthful gentlemen
watched it go up, and not one of them could have over-
taken that vine in all night if he had been compelled
to climb the same ladder!
Our brief visit was ended, and bidding good-by to the
friends we' had found, we betook ourselves to the moun-
tains and the desert and the valleys, and with bright
memories of the old Franciscan paradise, we became San
Franciscans ourselves.
CHAPTER XIX.
KINGS OF SOCIETY.
IN old California the Agamemnons, the kings of men,
were the cattle-kings. They were the leaders of soci-
ety. Their daughters were the belles of balls by virtue
of the herds their fathers owned. The crack of the herd-
er's whip was music. Over tens of thousands of acres,
tens of thousands of cattle ranged at will. The ranches
were principalities and duchies. In Europe their masters
would have been dukes and princes. The blue blood of
California was the blood of a bullock. Below them in
the social scale were the owners of swine, but bristles
had no entrance into the bellowing realm where tossing
horns were the cornucopias. Bitter were the envyings of
the daughters of the household of pork, and many a
swineherd has yielded to their importunities and turned
bacon into beef. And why is not beef as good a basis
for position as bullion? "Answer me that and unyoke!"
Then came the mining monarchs and the mighty shep-
herds, and the grain potentates, and the railroad mag-
nates. Fortunes of silver and gold in a week; broad har-
vests controlled by the scratch of one man's awkward
pen. A railroad must traverse the broad State, or it is
a bagatelle. In all this there is no such thing as a safe
mediocrity. Think of a country where it is possible to
say, as of Colonel W. W. Hollister, of Santa Barbara: " He
used to be in the sheep business, but is now nearly out of
876 /.
KIKGS OF SOCIETY. 277
it, having only fifty thousand left, a remnant of his won-
derful bands," and this because he must look after his
almond orchard of fifty-four thousand trees. What is a
ranchman of tvCo hundred pitiful acres, that are just
standing room for his feet to save his being crowded out
of social existence? The four B's of California are bread,
beef, bacon and bullion.
Visit Dr. Glenn's "little farm well tilled," lying on
the west bank of the Sacramento, with a river front of
thirty miles, with its twenty-three .thousand acres under
cultivation, fifteen thousand of wheat and six hundred
of barley, its fifteen hundred horses and mules, and its
hundreds of men. Think of forty-nine gang-plows going
at once; harvest machinery driven by three engines; har-
rows enough to demand the muscle and patience of two
hundred mules. Think of a harvest time kindly distrib-
uted through the year, from the fifteenth of May to the
first of October, making all these things possible. See
that field of alfalfa. It yielded two tons an acre in
March, and was cut six times during the season.
What would Joel Barlow, poet-laureate of maize, have
said to such a grouping of the seasons in one landscape
and day, as this: Corn in the blade, corn in the tassel,
corn in the silk, corn in the milk, corn in the gold, corn
in the heap? And the first shall overtake the second, and
the second the third — a sort of Grecian torch race along
the line of almost perennial harvests. Make us up a bou-
quet of May, June, July, and September, and tie them with
a ribbon of Longfellow's verse to grace this story:
"And the maize-field grew and ripened.
Till it stood in all the gplendor
Of its garments green and yellow,
Of its tassels and its plumage.'
278 BETWEEN THE GATES.
Think of a single vine in Yuba County bearing twen-
ty-six hundred pounds of genuine squash in a year, equal
to the manufacture of two thousand Thanksgiving pies;
of a eucalyptus four feet in diameter and sixty feet high,
that was in the seed six years ago; of a tomato plant
laden with love-apples the fourth year of its bearing; of
onions twenty-two inches about, that old Connecticut
Wethersfield would have wept over with exceeding joy;
of a sixteen-pounder of a potato; of cabbages weighing
fifty pounds a head, that in Wolfert Webber's time would
have made him a burgerm6ester of New Amstez'dam —
and these cabbage plants, if not watched, will turn into
perennials, attaining the height of six feet, and yet grow-
ing; of a rose in the public-school grounds at Hay ward's,
blooming in February and March, a hundred feet in cir-
cumference; of building a cottage in it thirty feet square
and fourteen feet high, and nobody needing to know it
is there, with the thousands of flowers looming up like
a fragrant pink cloud on every side.
If Nature lengthens the harvest time to suit the con-
venience of the grain kings of California, yet nowhere
in the world has a plate of light wliite biscuits been
brought a minute nearer to the standing grain rustling
with ripeness. One five o'clock in the inorning of a sum-
mer day in 1877, on the Rancho Chico, the first header
wagon brought a load of wheat to the machine to be
threshed; two sacks were thrown into a wagon, whirled
away two miles to mill, turned into flour, and a house-
wife's clean knuckles were kneading it and moulding it
at half-past six, and at seven the biscuits were heaped
upon a plate ready for butter and appetite.
Nowhere else in America but in San Francisco can
KINGS OF SOCIETY. 279
you see mansions of regal splendor costing from $200,000
to $800,000 each, with kittens of dwellings almost under
the shadow of their walls that would attract no atten-
tion in a country village. A rusty old calash-topped car-
ryall, painted last in the days of the Argonauts, gives
only half the way to the carriage glossy as a cricket, a
mirror on wheels without, a boudoir within, gold-mounted
horses, and servants sewed to big buttons. The occupant
commands neither attention nor respect. The faded wom-
an who walks apologetically along the sidewalk was once
a peeress of the i-ealm in which my lady of the carriage
reigns to-day. The world goes up and the world goes
down, and nowhere with more startling rapidity than in
California. It is a rocket under saddle. There is no
abject worship of wealth. It is never accepted as legal
tender for brains or culture. Of the older residents,
nearly every one has had plenty of money. He knows
just what it brought him and cost him and lost him.
Enormous wealth suddenly acquired, wealth that dis-
tances the fables of the Orient, exists on " the Coast," and
enormous wealth is one of the most barbarous and cruel
things on earth. It does not spare its possessors. It is
relentless. It chills them with anxiety and chains them
with cares. They fill their own horizons, and there is
nothing visible beyond. It is a monarch reigning over
itself. It is selfishness crowned king. Such wealth seldom
does a generous thing, and seldom thinks a wise one.
We ^wonder why, but in its place we should find it as
natural as breathing. Nobody is so liberal as he that
has little to give, and nobody so grasping as he who holds
the world in his hand. In the unstable footing of these
behemoths of Plutus is the universal salvation of society.
280
BETWEEN THE GATES.
One after another, sooner or later, they must come
down, and their loss will make a gainer of the world.
Then for the first time they will forgive people for being
poor, and listen for somebody to say to them, "Go and
sin no more." When Croesus gives munificently he gives
for Croesus' sake. His name must christen the charity,
be graven upon the tablet. It is his right. It is the
luxury that his princely coffers
can procure him, and who shall
pass sumptuary laws to restrain
him? The genuine Californian is
proud of his golden lions, but he
does not bend the knee to them.
Some time or another he has
been a lion himself, and famili-
arity is not the mother of rever-
ence. To modify the proverb,
when a man is his own valet
he never takes off his hat to
himself.
There is nothing here if it is not tremendous. It is
a sort of feudal system revived upon the Pacific Coast.
And here comes in the question of cheap labor. Here
the temptation to fill the land with heathendom; to
make labor degrading because the business of serfs and
coolies, and to banish the white toiler from California.
There is a sentimental view of the situation, made up of
references to all sorts of Fathers, Pilgrim, Revolutionary
and Declaration, that denounces any prohibition of Chi-
nese immigration, and spreads an eagle over it, and makes
America the welcome home of everything from a grass-
hopper to a coolie, and fashions a capital piece of dema-
KINGS OF SOCIETY. 281
gogic eloquence out of the whole thing. It is simply a
question of Christendom versus Heathendom. It may be
defen-ed, but sooner or later it must be squarely met.
LATITUDES.
I can hardly repress a smile when I think of the up-
lifted hands of horror with which the dear old fathers of
the Eastern churches would have regarded things here
that hardly excite a comment. They would have looked
for Noah or a life-preserver or an asbestos clothing-store,
or some other defense against fire and water. They could
not have understood what a difference it makes with a
man whether his pulses beat with blood or quicksilver.
But those who sail over the old parallels of latitude by-
and-large believe in fair play. In no State of the Union
is a camp-meeting or a religious assembly more exempt
from interference than in California. Convene it in a
caiion adjoining a mining-camp, or in some suburban re-
sort, and it is safe from all harm. "Give every man a
chance" is incorporated in the proverbial philosophy of
the land. The man who has just tipped a tumbler of
what he calls in his random recklessness, " The coal-
burner's ecstasy" or "The sheep-herder's delight," or
taken a chew of the lovely narcotic called " The Terrible
Temptation," will tighten his belt another hole at the
first symptom of anybody's disturbing a religious meet-
ing, and sail in with " Give the parson a chance," or
" the devil his due," or whatever expression he is most
familiar with, to express his advocacy of fair play. It is
a rough sense of honor with the bark on.
Nearly everything will grow in California but rever-
ence. It seldom gets knee-high. And yet nothing is
12*
282 BETWEEN THK GATES.
easier than to do this people wrong. A sterling old man
from some Eastern rural district came not long ago to
see the land of gold. He had one of those simple, trans-
parent natures, and loved his fellow-men. A Californian
rendered him several little services in San Francisco, for
which he was very grateful, and at parting he took the
friendly stranger by the hand, and with a doubting man-
ner said:
" There is something I want to say to you, if I can do
it without giving offense."
"What is it?" asked his companion; "I am sure it
cannot be anything unpleasant." He still hesitated, but
finally brought it out thus: "If you wouldn't mind it —
I should like — to say — God bless you!"
" Why, of course," replied the amused recipient of the
beatitude; " why shouldn't I like it? What idea can you
have of us out here?"
"Ah, but," replied the old man, " I said it to a per-
son up in the country, and be flew into a passion and
swore frightfully, and I was afraid I had done him more
harm than good."
No city in America is governed more easily and with
less show of authority than San Francisco. It seems to
govern itself. With elements enough to make a second
Babel more confused than the first, it is comparatively
quiet and well ordered. Policemen are seldom seen. The
mayor appears to be a sort of ornamental figure-head.
The aldermen are nowhere. The city moves peacefully
on. Theft is rare; bold robbery a thing almost unknown.
Every day you see slender boys darting about the city
shouldering canvas bags; old men laboring under canvas
bags that seem heavy enough to have a package of con-
KINGS OF SOCIETY. 283
centrated attraction of gravitation in them; everywhere
canvas bags. Those little grists are money-purses con-
taining gold and silver coin. Scores of thousands of
dollars are flirted about the city every day. There goes
an old expressman with twenty thousand in gold lying
exposed in his i-ickety old vehicle. He is going across
the city with it. Everybody sees, nobody minds. You
can set a bag down on a sidewalk or in an office, and
chat with a friend. It may contain thousands, and it will
be waiting for you when you are done talking. Try this
whisking about of bags of money in Eastern cities, and
see what will come of it! You seek the reason of this
security, and you find it in three things: the I'ough sense
of honor inherited from the old days; the fact that almost
every long resident has had the handling and ownership
of just such bags himself; the salutary traditions, neither
dim nor distant, of that tremendous institution, the Vigi-
lance Committee, which punished the beginning of offenses
with the ending of the law, which is the rope's-end.
That institution was the spirit of the law made swift to
execute. Its treatment was heroic, but it has been a
blessing to The Coast. Its ghost yet walks abroad, and as
Spiritualists say, it could be " materialized " any day of the
seven, and wo to the culprit upon whom it lays its hand.
THE SPIRIT OF CALIFORNIA.
The spirit of California has been grossly caricatured.
It is not a land of profanity and slang. The Dutch Flat
and Mining Camp literature that has been dished up in
equal parts of bad grammar, shrewdness and blasphemy,
and called touches of nature; the villains that have been
rhetorically made up, girdled with zodiacs of knives and
2iB4 BETWEEN THE GATES.
revolvers, tobacco, bad speeches and whisky, each worse
than the other, in their mouths, and then tricked out
with some school - girlish posy of tender sentiment for
something or somebody, to make the injudicious think
that the best way to brighten a little virtue is to pin it
upon the dirty blouse of a vulgar renegade — whom noth-
ing saves from a prison but the lack of one — these absurd-
ities have tinged and tainted many a man's thought of the
country, until when he comes to see it he cannot recog-
nize it as the original of his grotesque ideal, wherein
revolting oaths have been seasoned to the taste with adroit
dashes of angelic nature, and murdei's condoned for the
tears of sympathy the rascals shed for the widows of their
victims.
That the old stock was rough, venturous, dreamy and
visionary, the fact that they dared savage nature and more
savage savages to get here is ample proof; that the traces
of the free consciences that slipped their bridles and ran
wild in the new land yet remain, nobody can deny. Peo-
ple sow their wild oats here eai'lier and later, and har-
vest them oftener than elsewhere. But is it to be wondered
at, when Nature herself has not done sowing her own?
You can see them by hundreds of acres among the moun-
tains. They are beef and mutton in disguise. Let us
hope something quite as good for the wild oats of human-
ity. The world they left has gone on without them. They
have developed a new and peculiar civilization, whose
points of contact with the old are very few and very
slight indeed. It is easy to be respectable in California,
but it is the most difficult thing to be famous. A twenty-
thousand ox-team power will draw you to the pinnacle.
Get into the one dish of the scales and put a million in
KINGS OF SOCIETY. 285
the other, and you will kick the beam as quick as a man
can cock a revolver. But people here look all v^ays at
once. There is no agreed pride in anything but Califor-
nia. They resent criticism. No Bantam cock of the w^alk
ever ruffled quicker than they at invidious comparisons,
and yet they are the only beings I ever saw who will
never swallow eulogy with their eyes shut. They want
to see if you believe it; if you say it as if you couldn't
helj) it; and if they think you do, they just score one for
California, and commiserate you that you have not been
there long enough to be a fraction of the State, and so
the recipient of your own jDraise of yourself.
The unadulterated Californian is hopelessly himself,
and by this I mean that there is nobody like him East
of the Rocky Mountains. He is imaginative, prospective.
What he left behind him he brought with him. What
he brought with him he has forgotten. He left his
youth there years ago, but he has renewed it here. He
brought certain staid old notions of life and labor upon
a plan; of giving six days to work and the seventh to
the Lord; of having a family board and children ranged
around it like pansies in a garden border, when you
might as well set the table £or a flock of quails and ring
the bell for dinner. All these things he lost out of his
knapsack on the plains. In such a country Christians
need more lead in their shoes or more grace in their
hearts. To be steadfast when everything has tripped the
anchor, and the very seasons have free range of the
whole year, is a difficult achievement.
Out of the elements of character sketched in these
pages, the reader will rightly infer that the genuine
Californian is a lover of poetry. He prefers it to prose;
286 BETWEEN THE GATES.
sips it with the soup, aud munches it with the filberts.
It is verse ab ovo usque ad mala. He calls for it on
public occasions; his daughters write it, also his wife,
likewise his hired man, otherwise, himself. I have seen
two dogs that could sing, but they never learned to
write. His papers are filled with poems. Many columns
look as if the language had turned bellman and fallen to
ringing chimes.
There are more writers of verse in San Francisco and
its suburbs than in the whole State of New York. They
have poems at picnics and clam - bakes. Farther East,
poetry on a public occasion is generally regarded like
an extra length of tail to a cat — of no special util-
ity, for it does not help her to catch mice — and people
speak of a poem much as a lion would sniff at a pink
when he is waiting for a beef- steak. California is the
rhymster's paradise.
A Black Sea of ink floods acres of paper in San
Francisco. Of dailies, weeklies and monthlies there are
ninety, and it takes eight languages to go round — En-
glish, German, Scandinavian, French, Italian, Spanish,
Chinese, and a touch of Hebrew. The newspapers, as a
race, are bright, sharp, aggressive, Californian. You miss
the old familiar names of Tribune, Herald, Times, Sun,
World, appended to quoted articles, and you wonder at
it till you think how old an Eastern paper gets to be
before it reaches California. Two days more would give
sight to a puppy, and ripen bean - porridge to the fine
perfection of " nine days old." The news of the world
reaches California, not by steam, but by lightning. The
flash tears out its spirit and flies away with it, and the
remains come slowly and reverently after by railroad.
KINGS OF SOCIETY. 287
THE MEN AND WOMEN.
In any Eastern sense there is no rural life in Cali-
fornia, and the thing called rustic simplicity is unknown.
To be sure, you can finS a miner coiled in a hole in the
hill like a woodchuck at home. You can find places
where it is always border land and camp-life. You can
share somebody's shake-down with your feet to the fire,
walled in with mud like a barn swallow. But the instant
you rise to the dignity of a home, with women and com-
forts in it, fig-leaves disappear and Eve's flounces grow
artistic. You meet farmers on California street, which is
the Wall street of San Francisco, and you cannot distin-
guish them from the habitues of the place. There is no
rustic cast to their coats, no hay in their hair, nor is it
gnawed square across with' the family sheai'S. The lan-
guage of the city is the vernacular of the country. Pro-
vincialisms are as rare as gold eagles in contribution
boxes. Rural simplicity, which means living and doing
like their grandmothers, does not exist. They have done
with their grandmothers. Find a place that seems as
isolated as a mid-ocean island, with neither lightning nor
steam, and the dwellers are not prisoners. There is not
a slip of a girl in the house but can mount a horse, as
vicious at both ends as an Irishman's shillelah and chron-
ically . wound up for a twelve hours' gallop, and ride to
Vanity Fair without minding it. People that are born
on horseback, in countries where there is any place to
ride to, can never be very primitive. And so it is that
bits of city life and talk and notions can be found any-
where in the State, and the tint of green that Webster's
milkmaid meant to have is worn by nobody. I have not
288 BETWEEN THE GATES.
seen one in the State whom the color became, unless he
was somebody fresh from the East.
California is wonderful in wonders. There is every-
thing in gold but the "golden .mean." Her trees keep
on growing like Babel's tower, and as if the law had for-
gotten them. The Eastern dots of flowers are discs. They
wax like crescent moons. Her springs expand to sum-
mers, and her summers are all the year. Her face is
eloquent with the charm of valleys, the sweep of plains
and the might of mountains. It is a sweet, strong face,
full of character and never to be forgotten, where desert
and wilderness, beauty and grandeur, age and youth, for-
ever struggle for the mastery and never triumph. As
Talleyrand said of Spain, California " is a country in which
two and two make five."
But men and women are the most wonderful product
of California, and the problem of the continent. If not
actually born there, she adopts them in five years into
full brother and sisterhood.
If ever anywhere men needed one " pull-back " and
women two, it is in California. In a hundred years,
unless men of brains in the right region take the helm,
the Coast will be a land whose luxurious wickedness will
be equaled only by its energy, its liberality and its cour-
age. It will have great poets and painters. It will have
grand sculptors and musicians. They must come, for the
climate craves them, but the poets will sing of love like
Anacreon, and Cleopatra will sit oftener than Ruth for
her picture, and poor Dorcas not at all, and the " Peep-
ing Toms" of Coventry will go unrebuked. The sculptors
will lend to lip and limb a semi-tropical languor that is
not weakness, and the musicians will score new measures.
KINGS OF SOCIETY. 289
but not a Dead March in Saul. There is no such field
under the sun wherein to lay the foundations of a Pan-
theon for the Christian arts and the Christian muses as
California, and I believe the master builders are there
who have the inspiration of unquestioned power to exact
respect and to command success.
The children that are springing into maturity with-
out permission, and without waiting for time, are electric
with vitality. You think, sometimes, that a dozen of
them would make a battery strong enough to send a tele-
gram around the world. And they will be heard for
right or wrong, for good or ill. If you ever go among
the redwoods, where the columns stand in close order,
dense as corn, and you fear they must pump the earth
into hopeless poverty, you will see the ruins of trees that
have been felled. Around them, hurrying up from the
ground, nimble as squirrels, are the shoots and slips of
young redwoods. They dart out from the base, with a
crook here and a crook there, to get up to the light.
They are so bright and saucy, they look at you so impu-
dently, as if they had eyes that never winked, that it
requires little fancy to think them vigorous young ani-
mals instead of living riding-whips that can get another
mile an hour out of your lagging horse. The young
pioneers are the young redwoods of mankind. They need
a law to grow by to be straight and grand. They are
sure to lash another mile an hour out of the horse "Cal-
ifornia," no matter what the pace she was going when
they took the saddle. Let us hope that so gracious an
air, so responsive an earth, where the new Jacob gets
Esau's birthright and the pottage besides, may develop
them into a statelier manhood.
13
290 BETWEEN THE GATES.
When the mines shall be impoverished and the men
who worked them pass into tradition, the State will not
be bankrupt, for the seasons will turn miners, and silver
and gold will grow from the ground over countless acres
now lazily sleeping in the sun. The wild and mistj'
imaginings of the adventurer will vanish before the
broader, steadier light of a better day, when men will
toil under an enduring promise that summer and winter,
seed-time and harvest, shall not fail. The training of
the mountains in chemistry and hydraulics will set foun-
tains playing and grasses growing where waters never
fell nor herbage sprung. What ought not the world to
demand of a land v/here music, poetry, painting and
architecture can flourish in the open air; where the stars
march in splendor and review before the eyes of Science
for half the year, through cloudless skies; where man has
nothing to fight but indolence and himself ?
If the ten talents are shaken from the napkin, and
California is true to her opportiinity, the world will
wonder at the new civilization, and the evening sun, as
he puts to sea, with his royal standard dipping and its
glory trailing along the threshold of the Golden Gate,
will bid good night to no truer Promised Land in the
round world. The words of Bishop Berkeley will be
born again in all the beauty of a fresh inspiration, and
inscribed to this Ultima Thule of the new geography
according to man:
"Westward the Star of Empire takes its way:
The first four acts already past,
The fifth shall close the drama of the day,
The noblest and the last!"
HOME AGAIN. 291
HOME AGAIN.
It is a bright winter morning; the snow is clean and
crisp under foot as a new bank-note; the smokes from the
kitchen fires go straight up and kindle and are glorified
in the sun; a cloud of snow-birds has rained merrily
down and dotted a drift; I am writing the closing para-
graphs of this rambling book.
The broad days of sunshine rise in the West full upon
my thought; the stately trees, the royal mountains, the
revel of the flowers, the tonic of the air, the breezes of
the sea, the loveliness of the valleys, the welcome of the
friends. And yet the charm of a beech-and-maple fire,
with the andirons leg-deep in the fallen rubies, and the
robin-mouthed tea-kettle on the crane, and a brick in the
jamb dished out by the tongs, the faithful old pair! that,
leaning so long in one place, have grown magnetic in both
legs, fits my fancy better than a marble mantel set on
fire with flowers that are never quenched; and the cleft
logs in a glow, which were shafts aforetime with sugar
running down within and squirrels running up without,
warm my hands and my heart as well.
One of the most suggestive objects in California is not
Shasta, but the granite rock in the Yo Semite that some
day gave a lunge into the air and never came down.
And because almost every pilgrim yawl of cloud idling
about in the valley's offing is pretty sure to touch at
that granite landing in the sky, it is called Cloud's Rest.
I myself have seen a small white craft, the only one in
sight, make the aerial wharf and wait until the freshen-
ing wind drifted the waif away. I named it Abde-el,
which is the Cloud of God.
292
RETWEEN THE GATES.
It is pleasant to go sailing on the sea. It is delight-
ful to go gypsy ing on the land, but there comes a time
when we crave an anchorage, some blessed Salem or
Manoah, some place of rest. I was sorry for the little
Abde-el that it could not tarry at the landing in the blue,
and so, whatever it be, a bank of violets or a drift of
snow, I join the world in the restful song of
S^^Pilipi
Tbkbb's no place like HomeI
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