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Ministry 
of the 
Environment 



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Environment Environnement 

Canada Canada 

Atmospheric Service 

Environment de I'environnement 

Service atmospherique 



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A BIBLIOGRAPHY 

The Long- Range Transport of Air Pollutants 

and 
Acidic Precipitation 



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5862.2 
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Z A bibliography : the long-range 

5862.2 transport of air pollutants and 
C36 acidic precipitation / 

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A Bibliography 
The Long-Range Transport of Air Pollutants 

and 
Acidic Precipitation 



The preparation of this bibliography was jointly sponsored by the 

Ontario Ministry of the Environment and the 

Federal Atmospheric Environment Service, Canada. 



LRTAP Program Office 

Atmospheric Environment Service 

Environment Canada 

4905 Dufferin Street 

Downsview, Ontario 

M3H 5TM 



July, 1980 



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TABLE OF CONTENTS 



PAGES 



1. EMISSIONS 1 

1.1 Emissions and Sources 1 

1.2 Emissions Control and Abatement 7 

2. ATMOSPHERIC 11 

2.1 Transport 11 

2.2 Chemistry 17 

2.3 Deposition - Dry 35 

2.4 Deposition - Wet 37 



3. NETWORKS 49 

4. MODELLING 52 

5. AQUATIC EFFECTS 58 

5.1 Chemistry 58 

5.2 Marine Life 65 

6. TERRESTRIAL EFFECTS 71 

6.1 Soils and Geology 71 

6.2 Vegetation and Forests 76 

6.3 Wildlife and Biological Indicators 88 

7. HEALTH EFFECTS 89 

8. MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES EFFECTS 91 

9. VISIBILITY AND ARCTIC HAZE 92 

10. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGY 93 

11. MISCELLANEOUS 95 



1. EMISSIONS 

1.1 Emissions and Sources 

Adams, D. et al., 1979. Assessment of biogenic sulfur emissions within SURE area. 
Final report, research project .856-1 Electric Power Research Institute, 
Washington State University, Pullman, Wash. 

Adams, D.F. et al., 1979 • Preliminary measurements of biogenic sulphur-containing 
gas emissions from soil. J. Air Pollution Control Association, 29: 38O-383. 

Aneja, R.V. et al., 1979. Direct measurement of emission rates of some atmospheric 
biogenic sulphur compounds. Tellus, 31: 174-178. 

Ball, D.J., and S.W. Radclyfe, 1977. Inventory of sulphur dioxide emissions to 
London's atmosphere. Clean Air, 9 (5): 156-164. 

Bangay, C, 1973. The dragon's breath. Alternatives, 2:37-47. 

Barrie, L.A., 1979. The fate of particulate emissions from an isolated power plant 
in the oil sands area of western Canada. Annals of the New York Academy of 
Science, Vol. 14, 1979. 

Bertine, K.K., and E.D. Goldberg, 1971. Fossil fuel combustion and the major sedi- 
mentary cycle. Science, 173: 233-235. 

Bogdanov, S., P. Videnov, and E. Savov, 1979. Fluctuations of the abundance of 
carbon monoxide. WMO symposium on LRTAP, 135-139. 

Brosset, C. et al., 1975. The nature and possible origin of acid particles observed 
at the Swedish west coast. Atmospheric Environment, 9 (6-7): 631-643. 

Canada. Department of the Environment, 1973. A nationwide inventory of air pol- 
lutant emmissions - 1970. Report EPS 3-AP-73-2, Environmental Protection 
Service, 123 p. Ottawa. 

Canada. Department of the Environment, 1979. A nationwide inventory of air cont- 
aminant emission - 1974. Report Environmental Protection Service, 3-AP-78-2, 
Air Pollution Control Directorate, December, 1978. 

Hocking, D. and D. Reiter, eds., 1973* Canada. Proceedings of a Workshop on 
Sulphur Gas Research in Alberta, Information Report N0R-X-72. Northern Forest 
Research Centre, Edmonton, Alberta. December 1973- 196 p. 

Carter, Luther J., 1979. Uncontrolled SO2 emissions bring acid rain. Science, 
204, (4398): 119, 1181-1182. 

Clarke, T.L., 1979. Gridded annual air pollutant emissions east of Rocky Mountains. 
U.S. EPA, EP -6004/4-79-030, May 1979. 



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Cullus, C.F., M.M. Hirschler, 1979. Emissions of sulphur into the atmosphere. Pro- 
ceedings Int. Symp. Sulphur Emission and the Environment. London 8-10 May 1979, 
pp. 1-24. The Chemical Society, London. 

Dietz, R.N., 1978. Report of the working group on measurement of gaseous sulfur 
oxides emissions. Workshop proceedings on Primary Sulfate Emissions from 
Combustion Sources, EPA-600/9-78-020a, August, pp. 137-141. 

Dovland, H. and J. Saltbones, 1979. Emissions of sulphur dioxide in Europe in 1978. 
EMEP/CCC - Report 2/79. Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Lillestrom, May. 

Elam, Nils and Trichem Consultants Ltd., 1979. Present and future levels of sulphur 
dioxide emissions in Northern Europe. An investigation prepared for the 
Swedish Ministry of Agriculture, June. 

Environmental Science and Technology, ( Ed.), 1977. Exporting, Importing SO2 
Emissions. Environmental Science and Technology, 11, 1154. 

Fennelly, P.F., 1976. The origin and influence of airborne particulates. American 
Scientist, vol. 64, pp. 46-56. 

Flyger, H. et al., 1978. Airborne investigations of SO2 oxidation in the plumes 
from power stations. Atmos. Envir., 12, 295-296. 

Forrest, J., R. Garber, and L. Newman, 1979. Formation of sulfate, ammonium and 
nitrate in an oil-fired plume. Atmos. Envir., 13:1287-1297. 

Galbally, I.E., 1975. Emission of oxides of nitrogen (N0 X ) an d ammonia from the 
earth's surface. Tellus 27:67-70. 

Galloway, James N. and D.M. Whelpdale, 198O. An atmospheric sulfur budget for east- 
ern North America. Atmos. Environ. 14:409-417. 

Gartrell, F.E., F.W. Thomas, and S.B. Carpenter, 1973. Atmospheric oxidation of 
SO2 in coal-burning power plant plumes. Am. Ind. Hyg., Vol. 24, pp. 113-120. 

Granat, L., H. Rodhe, and R.O. Hallberg, 1976. The global sulfur cycle. In nitro- 
gen, phosphorus and sulfur-global cycles, (Edited by B.H. Svensson and R. 
Soderlund), pp. 89-134, Scope Report 7. 

Gravenhurst, G., 1975. The sulphate component in aerosol samples over the North 
Atlantic. Meteor Forsch-Ergebnisse, Reihe B. , No. 10, August, pp. 22-31. 

Greeley, R.S. et al., 1975. Sulfates and the environment: a revue. Mitre Corp., 
NTIS PB-248 122. 

Hales, J.M., 1976. Tall stacks and the atmospheric environment. EPA, 450/3 - 
76-007. 

Hall, Stephen K., 1972. Sulfur compounds in the atmosphere. Chemistry, 45 (3): 
16-18. 



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Harward, M.E. and H.M. Reisenaur, 1966. Reactions and movement of inorganic sulfur. 
Soil Science, 101: 326-335. 

Hitchcock, D., 1976. Atmospheric sulfates from biological sources. J. Air Pollut. 
Control Ass. 26, 210-215. 

Hitchcock, D.R., 1975. Dimethyl sulfide emissions to the global atmosphere. Chemo- 
sphere, 3, 127-138. 

Hogstrom, U., 1975. Confirming the local sources of observed air pollution in com- 
munities. Atmospheric Environment, 9: 923-929. 

Husar, R., et al., 1978. Sulfur budget of a power plant plume. Atmospheric En- 
vironment, v.12, pp. 549-568. 

Husar, R.B., J. P. Lodge, Jr., and D.J. Moore, Eds., 1978. Sulfur in the atmos- 
phere, special issue. Atmospheric Environment, V. 12, No. 1-3 » pp. 1-976. 
(Sulfur in the atmosphere, proceedings of the International Symposium held in 
Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, 7-1 1 * September, 1977* Atmospheric Environment, 12, 
(1-3), 1978.) 

Ingelstom, L., 1972. The systems structure and the evaluation of future trends in 
a study of sulphur as an environmental pollutant, Research Group for Planning 
Theory, (NFAO/KTH), PT 1972: 1 4lp. Mathematics Dept., Royal Inst, of Tech., 
Stockholm. 

Junge, C.E., I960. Sulfur in the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 65: 227-237. 

Kalma, J.D., M. Johnson and K.J. Newcombe. Energy use and the atmospheric environ- 
ment in Hong Kong: Part I. Inventory of air pollutant emissions and prediction 
of ground-level concentrations of SO2 and CO. Urban Ecology, 3: 29-57. 

Katz, M. , 1977. The Canadian sulphur problem. Sulphur and its inorganic derivat- 
ives in the Canadian environment, pp. 21-67. NRCC No. 15015. National 
Research Council Canada, Ottawa. 

Kellogg, W.W., 1972. The sulfur cycle. Science 175, 587-596. 

Klemm H. and N. Surprenant, 1978. Emissions inventory in SURE region. Annual 
report for 23 Aug. 1977-31 Aug. 1978. Prepared for EPRI by GCA Technology 
Div., Bedford, Mass. 

Koide, M., and E.D. Goldberg, 1971. Atmospheric sulfur and fossil fuel combus- 
tion. J. of Geophys. Res., 76: 6589-6595. 

Labastille, Anne, 1979. Death from the sky. Outdoor Life, Feb. 1979, pp. 76-77, 
100-103. 

Lee, Robert E. and F. Vandiver Duffield, 1977. EPA's catalyst research program: 
environmental impact of sulfuric acid emissions. Jour, of Air Pollut. Control 
Assoc, 17 (7): 631-635. 



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Lovelock, J.E., R.J. Maggs, and R.A. Rasmussen, 1972. Atmospheric dimethyl sulfide 
and the natural sulphur cycle. Nature, London, 237: 452-453. 

Lowry, W.P. and F. Probald, 1978. An attempt to detect the effects of a steelworks 
on precipitation amounts in central Hungary. J. Applied Met., 17: 964-975. 

Meszaros, E., G. Varhelyi, and L. Haszpra, 1978. On the atmospheric sulfur budget 
over Europe. Atmos. Environ., 12, 2273-2278. 

Millan, M.M. and Y.S. Chung, 1977. Detection of a plume 400 km from the source. 
Atmos. Environ., 11, 939-944. 

Miller, D.F., et al., 1978. Ozone formation related to power plant emissions. 
Science, 202, pp. 1186-1189 . 

Nader, John S., 1978. Workshop on primary sulfate emissions. J. of Air Pollut. 
Control Ass., 18 (10): 1002-1005. 

National Academy of Sciences, 1978. Sulfur oxides in the atmosphere. Committee on 
Sulfur Oxides, National Research Council. 

Negus de Wys, J., A.C. Hill and E. Robinson, 1978. Assessment of the fate of sulfur 
dioxide from a point source. Atmos. Environ., 12, 633-639. 

Nicholl, C.S. and P.J. Choquette, eds., 1977. Ambient air quality, 1970-74: A 
statistical analysis. Surveillance report EPS-5-AP-76- 14. Air Pollution 
Control Directorate, Environment Canada, Feb. 

Nishet, I., 1975. Sulfates and acidity in precipitation: their relationship to 
emissions and regional transport of sulfur oxides. In: Commission on Natural 
Resources, NH Academy of Sciences, NH Academy of Engineering, NH Research 
Council, Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control, prepared for the 
C'tee. on Public Works, U.S. Senate. 

Nochumson, D., 1979. Commentation on gaseous sulfur pollutants from urban and 
natural sources. J. of APCA, 29 (2): 164-165. 

Nriagu, J.0. (Ed.)., 1978. Sulfur in the environment. Part II - Ecological 
impacts. John Wiley and Sons (Interscience) . (Up-to-date review with a 
comprehensive collection of papers by specialists.) 

Nyberg, A., 1972. The effects of local and distant sources of sulfur on the precip- 
itation contents of sulfur in Scandinavia. Geophysica, 12, 33-^2. 

OECD Environment Directorate, 1973. Survey on regional sulphur dioxide emission. 
Air management sector group, Org. for Economic Cooperation and Development, 
Paris. 79 p. 

Ontario. Ministry of the Environment, Air Resources Branch, 1979. Airborne invest- 
igations of the Inco and Falconbridge stack plumes, 1976- 77. Report No. 
ARB-TDA 60-79, May. 



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Ontario Hydro, Environmental Protection Dept., 1979* Acid precipitation: an 
emission perspective. CTS-07165-1. 

Rasmussen, K.H. et al., 1975. Global emissions and natural processes for removal of 
gaseous pollutants. Water, Air, Soil Pollution, 4, pp. 33-64. 

Reeves, J. A., 1979. Estimates of atmospheric emissions from fossil-fuel-fired 
thermal generating stations, 1978. CTS-07120-1 Report. Ont. Hydro, 21 pp. 

Robinson, E. and R.C. Robbins, 1972. Emission, concentrations and rate of gaseous 
atmospheric pollutants. In Air Pollution Control, Part II (edited by W. 
Strauss), Wiley-Interscience, Toronto. 

Robinson, E. and R.C. Robbins, 1970. Gaseous sulfur pollutants from urban and 
natural sources. J. Air Pollut. Control Ass., 20, 303-306. 

Rodhe, H., 1978. Budgets and turn-over times of stmospheric sulfur compounds. 
Atmospheric Environment, 12, 671-680. 

Rodhe, H., 1972. A study of the sulfur budget for the atmosphere over Northern 
Europe. Tellus XXIV, 128-138. 

Ross, F. Fraser, 1971. What sulphur dioxide problem? Combustion, Aug., pp. 6-11. 

Sandberg, J.S. et al., 1976. Sulfate and nitrate particulates as related to SO2 
and N0 X gases and emissions. Jour, of Air Poll. Control Ass., 26 (6): 
559-564. 

Sandhu, H.S., ed., 1979. Industrial sulphur emissions for Alberta 1974-1978. 
Alberta Environment Research Secretariat, April. 

Santroch, Jaroslav and Dusan Zarodsky, 1979. Sulphur compounds in background air- 
pollution in Czechoslovakia. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 45-51. 

Sawyer, James W., 1978. The sulfur we breathe. Environment 20 (2): 25-30. 

Sawyer, J.W., 1977. A skeptical evaluation of the sulphate problem. J. Metals. 
May (77): 11-17. 

Semb, Arne, 1979. Emission of gaseous and particulate matter in relation to long 
range transport of air pollutants. WMO Symposium on the long range transport 
of pollutants and its relation to general circulation including stratospheric/ 
tropospheric exchange processes, Sofia, 1-2. 

Semb, A., 1978. Sulphur emissions in Europe. Atm. Env. 12, 455-460. 

Shelfentook, W. , 1978. An inventory system for atmospheric emissions in the AOSERP 
study area. Prepared by SNC Tottrup Ltd. for the Alberta Oil Sands 
Environmental Research program. Rep. 29, ME 2.2, Edmonton, Alberta. 

Shinn, J.H. and S. Lynn, 1979. Do man-made sources affect the sulphur cycle of 
northeastern states? Environ. Sci. and Technology, 13: 1062-1067. 



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Soderlund, R., 1977. N0 X pollutants and ammonia emissions. A mass balance for 
the atmosphere over NW Europe. Ambio, 6, 118-122. 

Spencer, W.F., 1975. Movements of DDT and its derivatives into the atmosphere. 
Residue Reviews 59: 91-117. 

Stanford Research Institute, 1975. Emssions, concentrations and fate of particulate 
atmospheric pollutants. Final report API, Pub. No. 4076. 

Stoiber, R.B., 1973. Sulphur dioxide contributions to the atmosphere by volcanoes. 
Science 182, 577-78. 

Sulphur and its inorganic derivatives in the Canadian environment, 1977. NRCC No. 
15015, National Research Council of Canada. NRC Associate Committee on 
Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality. 

Tong, Eugene Y., Michael T. Mills, Brand L. Niemann, 1979. Characterization of 
regional episodes of particulate sulfates and ozone over the Eastern United 
States and Canada. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 85-93. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1976. 1973 National Emissions Report, EPA- 
450/2-75-007. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1978. National air quality and emissions 
trends report, 1977. EPA 450/2-78-052, Dec. 

Velds, C.A., 197** • Relation between emissions resulting from burning fossil fuels 
and pollution of surface and groundwater, p. 69-71. In H.E. Vogel (ed.) 
European Fed. Protection Waters, Zurich, Info. Bull. 21. 

Voldner, E.C., Y. Shah, and D.M. Whelpdale, 1980. A preliminary Canadian emissions 
inventory for sulfur and nitrogen oxides. AES LRTAP Report 79-2, Atmospheric 
Environment Service, Ontario. Atm. Env., 14: 419-428. 

Walker, D.R., 1969. Sulphur in precipitation in central Alberta. Can. J. Soil 
Sci., 49, pp. 409-410. 

Weiss, R.E., et al., 1977. Sulfate aerosol: its geographical extent in the Mid- 
western and Southern U.S., Science, 195, 979-981. 

Whelpdale, D.M., 1978. Large scale atmospheric sulfur studies in Canada. Atmos- 
pheric Environment, vol. 12, pp. 661-670. 

Whelpdale, Douglas M. and James N. Galloway, 1979. An atmospheric sulfur budget for 
Eastern North America. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 213-221. 

White, W.H. et al., 1976. Foundation and transport of secondary air pollutants: 
ozone and aerosols in the St. Louis urban plume. Science, 175: 187-189. 

Wilson, W.E. Jr., 1978. Sulfates in the atmosphere: a progress report on Project 
MISST (Midwest Interstate Sulfur Transformation and Transport). Atmos. Envir. , 
12: 537-547. 



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Wiltshire, J.F., 1979* The long-range transport of atmospheric acids: a sulfur 
budget for Nova Scotia. Envir. Canada, Envir. Protec. Ser. Surveillance 
Report, EPS-5-AR-79-8. 

Wolff, George T., 1979. A question of sulfates: a conference summary. Journal of 
the Air Pollution Control Assn., 29, pp. 26-27. 

Yuen, S., et al., 1979. The global and regional tropospheric sulfur cycle. Symp. 
budget and cycles of trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. Fourth 
International Conference of the Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global 
Pollution, Boulder, Colorado, August. 

Zettwoog, P., R. Haulet, 1979. Experimental results on the SO2 transfer in the 
Mediterranean obtained with remote sensing devices. Atm. Env., 12: 795-796. 

Zimmerman, P.R., et al., 1978. Estimates on the production of CO and H2 from the 
oxidation of hydrocarbon emissions from vegetation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 5: 
679-681. 

1.2 Emissions Control and Abatement 

Acad, of Sci., 197 1 *. Air quality and automobile emission control. Report by the 
Coord. Committee on Air Quality Studies, U.S. Comm., No. 93-24, U.S. Gov't. 
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., p. 70-88. 

Babcock, L.R., Jr., 1978. Sulfur dioxide emission control: costs and benefits. 

In: Nriagu, J.O. (Ed.). Sulfur in the environment. Part I. The Atmos- pheric 
Cycle. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, N.Y. 

Berry, M.A. and J.D. Buchman, 1977. Developing regulatory programs for the control 
of acid precipitation. Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 8: 95-103. 

Bilder, Richard B., 1976. The settlement of international environmental disputes. 
Univ. of Wisconsin Sea Grant College Program, Technical Report 231. 

Dickson, W., 1979. Experience from small scale liming in Sweden. Proc. Int. Symp. 
on sulphur emissions and the environment, London, May 1979. 

Eagles, T.W., et al., 1979. Multiobjective location analysis for power plant loca- 
tion planning. FWS/0BS-78/55. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Ofc. Biol. Serv., 
Wash., D.C. 

Economic Commission for Europe, 1971. Desulphurization of fuels and combustion 
gases. Proceedings from a seminar in Geneva 16-20 November 1970. United 
Nations, New York. 

Economic Commission for Europe, 1976. The second seminar on desulphurization of 
fuels and combustion gases. Washington DC 11-17 November 1975. (ENV/SEM 
M/3). Geneva. 

Ellis, R.S., et al., 1975. The sulphur grid method. A tool for assessing require- 
ments of low sulphur crude and for residue desulpurization capacity to meet 
varying fuel oil sulphur levels. Report No. 9/75. Stichting CONCAWE, The 
Hague, 1975. 



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Emmanuel, W.R., B.D. Murphy and D. D. Huff, 1978. Optimal siting of energy facil- 
ities for minimum air pollutant exposure on a regional scale. J. of Environ. 
Manag., 7: 147-155. 

Finkle, P., 1975. Considerations of transboundary air pollution in Quebec and the 
Atlantic Region. Int. Rep., Dept. of the Envir., 10 pp. 

Fitzgerald, T.K. and L.J. Perl, 1976. Measurement of Environmental Damages from 
Reducing SO2 Emissions. National Economic Research Associates, Inc., New 
York, N.Y., Sept. 22, 1976, 33 pp. 

Gagan, E.W., 1974. Air pollution emissions and control technology. Cement 
Industry. Environ. Canada, Econ. Tech. Rev. Rep. EPS-3-AP-74-3, 50 p. 

Glass, N.R., A.S. Lefohn, D. E. Weber, et al., 1977. The need for flue gas desul- 
furization (FGD): Ecological effects of air pollutants. In: The Status of 
Flue Gas Desulfurization Applications in the United States: A technology 
assessment. Federal Power Commission Report, July 1977, pp. 11-52 - 11-72. 

Great Lakes Science Advisory Board, Annual Report, 1979. International Joint Com- 
mission, July, 109 pp. 

Great Lakes Water Quality Board, 1978 Annual Report. International Joint 
Commission, 1979, 110 p. 

Great Lakes Water Quality Board, 1978 Appendix B. Surveillance Subcommittee Report. 
July, 1979. 

Henrikson, A. and M. Johannessen, 1975. Deacidification of acid water. SNSF 
Project, Report IR 5/75. 

Johnson, N.M., 1979. Acid rain: neutralization within the Hubbard Brook ecosystem 
and regional implications. Science 204: 497-499. 

Linzon, S.N., 1971. Economic effects of sulphur dioxide on forest growth. Journal 
of the Air Pollution Control Association, 21, p. 81-86. 

Lundquist, Lennart, J., 1979. Who is winning the race for clean air? AMBIO 8 (4) 
144-151. 

McKinney, W.A., W.I. Nissen, L. Crocker et al., 1975. Status of the citrate process 
for SO2 emission control. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines. 
Presented at the Lignite Symposium, Grand Forks, N. Dakota, May 14-15. 

Madenburg, R.S. and R.A. Kurry, 1977. Citrate process demonstration plant: A pro- 
gress report. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Flue Gas Desulfurization 
Symposium Regenerable Processes Session. Nov. 

Marin, A., 1978. The choice of efficient pollution policies: technology and 
economics in the control of sulphur dioxide. J. of Environ. Econ. and Mgt., 
5: 44-62. 

Mitre Corp. et al, 1978. National environmental impact projection, no. 1. Prepared 
by Mitre Corp. et al. for U.S. Dept. of Energy, Dec. Report No. MTR7905. 

Munn, R.E., 1972. Air quality — local, regional and global aspects. Science Council 
of Canada, No. 3521 - 1/24, Special Study No. 24, Ottawa. 



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Nissen, W.I., D.A. Elkins and W.A. McKinney, 1976. Citrate process for flue gas 
desulfurization: a status report. U.S. Dept. of the Interior. Bureau of 
Mines. 

OECD., 1977. Interdependence of energy policies and those to reduce emissions of 
sulphur oxides. Environment Directorate Organization for Economic Co-Operation 
and Development. Paris, 790 pp. 

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 1977b. Legal aspects 
for transfrontier pollution, p. 7-8, OECD, Paris. 

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) , 1976. The economics 
of transfrontier air pollution. OECD, Paris. 

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 1975. Guiding 
principles concerning the international economic aspects of environmental 
policies, approved by the Council of the Organization for Economic Cooperation 
and Development, May 26, 1972 in OECD, The Polluter Pays Principle. 

OECD, 1973. Problems in transfrontier pollution. Record of a seminar on economic 
and legal aspects. OECD: Paris, France. 

Ontario. Standing Committee on Resources Development, 1979. Final report on acidic 
precipitation, abatement of emissions from the International Nickel Company 
operations at Sudbury, pollution control in the pulp and paper industry and 
pollution abatement at the Reed Paper Mill in Dryden. Interim report to the 
Legislature, Third Session: Thirty-first Parliament. The Legislative Assembly 
of the Province of Ontario, 99 p. 

Ottar, B., 1977. International agreement needed to reduce long-range transport of 
air pollutants in Europe. AMBIO 6 (5): 262-269. 

Paterson, M.P. and R.S. Scorer, 1974. Quality control in global and regional air 
chemistry monitoring networks: Lessons of the European air chemistry network. 
WMO Special Environmental Report No. 3, Observation and Measurement of Atmos- 
pheric Pollution, WMO-No. 368. World Meterological Organization, Geneva, 
Switzerland, 191k, pp. 647-655. 

Pearse, G.H.K., 1979. A national strategy for by-product sulphur. Mineral Policy 
Sector, EMR, working draft, 33 pp. 

Persson, G.A., 1976. Control of sulfur dioxide emissions in Europe. Ambio, 5 
(5-6): 249-252. 

Ricci, P. et al., 1978. Canadian urban air quality, 1971-1975. Atmosphere Envir. 
12: 2369-75. 

Robinson, Raymond M., 1980. Acid rain — the crossroads for decision making. J. Air 
Pollut. Control Assoc, 30 (2): 106-108. 

Rodesjo, B., 1974. Desulfurization of flue gases from oil-firing. Ambio 3: 24-29. 

Rosenbaum, J.B. et al., 1973. Sulphur dioxide emission control by hydrogen sulfide 
reaction in aqueous solution: the citrate system. U.S. Dept. of the 
Interior. Bureau of Mines. 



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Sand, P.H., 1974. Trans-frontier air pollution and international law. In New 
Concepts in Air Pollution Research. Jan-Olaf Williams (ed), J. Wiley & Sons, 
NY, p. 107-113. 

Sraets, H., 1976. Local actions to combat transfrontier pollution. Arabio 5: 164. 

U.S. Dept. of Commerce: Effect of pollution abatement on international trade. A 
report published annually pursuant to P.L. 92-500, Sect. 6, 86, Stat. 879. 

U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare. Public Health Service, 1970. Air 

quality criteria for sulfur oxides. U.S. Dept. HEW., NAPCA Publication No. A-50 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1977. Guidelines for air quality maintenance 
planning and analysis, volume 10 (revised): Procedures for evaluating air 
quality impacts of new stationary sources. 0AQPS 1.2-029R, EPA 450/4-77-001. 
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1975. Position paper on regulation of atmos- 
pheric sulfates. Office of Air and Water Management, EPA 450/2-75-007. 
Research Triangle Park, NC, 86 p. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1971. Air quality criteria for nitrogen 
oxides. Air Pollution Control Office Pub. No AP-84, Washington, D.C. 

U.S. Federal Power Commission. 1976. steam electric plant air and water quality 
control data, 1973. FPC-S-253. 

van Horn, A.J., G.E. Ferrell, R.N. Braidi et al., 1979. Review of new source per- 
formance standards for coal-fired utility boilers. Phase III, final report for 
sensitivity studies for the selection of a revised standard. Rept. to U.S. EPA 
by Teknekron Research Inc., June, 1979. 

Wei, Norman S., 1980. How acid rain is hitting tourism. Civic Public Works, Jan. 
1980, pp. 30-31. 



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2. ATMOSPHERIC 

2.1 Transport 

Altshuller, A. P. and G.A. McBean, 1979. (Co-chairmen). The LRTAP problem in North 
America: a preliminary overview. Prepared by the United States-Canada Research 
Consultation Group on the long-range transport of air pollutants (LRTAP). Dept. 
Environment, Ottawa, Canada. 

Altshuller, A. P., 1976. Regional transport and transformation of sulfur dioxide to 
sulfates in the U.S.. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 26, 318-324. 

Altshuller, A. P., 1978. Discussion: The distribution of atmospheric sulfates in 
Canada and its relationship to LRTAP. Atmospheric Environment, 12: 2519-2522. 

Andryukov, V.P., I.M. Nazarov, 1979. Petroleum hydrocarbon atmospheric transport. 
WMO Symposium on LRTAP, p. 109-115. 

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- 16 - 

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region. Alternatives, Vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 18-25. 

Kramer, J.R., and W.R. Snyder, 1974. Precipitation scavenging of sulfur oxides 
using stable sulfur isotopes. Proc. 1974 U.S. Atomic Energy Commission 
Conference (in press). 

Laamanen, A., 1972. A real evaluation of sulfates in dustfall, rainfall, acidity, 
and needle injuries. Work-Environm. Health, 9: 26-39. 

Lazrus, A.L., E. Lorange, and J. P. Lodge, 1970. Lead and other metal ions in United 
States precipitation. Environ. Sci. Technol., 4: 55-58. 

LeBarre, N., 1973. Lead contamination of snow. Water Res., 7: 1215-1218. 

Lewis, John E., and Bohdan Hrebenyk, 1979. Summer acid rain events in the Scheffer- 
ville, Quebec area. Climatological Bulletin, No. 26, October, pp. 1-9. 

Lewis, William M. , and Michael C. Grant, 1980. Acid precipitation in the Western 
United States. Science, 207: 176-177. 

Likens, G.E., 1976. Acid precipitation. Chemical and Engineering News, 54: 29-44. 

Likens, G.E., 1975. Acid precipitation: our understanding of the phenomenon. IN: 
Proceedings of the Conference on Emerging Environmental Problems: Acid 
Precipitation, May, Rensselaerville, New York. EPA-902/9-75-001. U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency, Region II, New York, 115 pp. 

Likens, G.E. and F.H. Borman, 1974. Acid rain: a serious environmental problem. 
Science, 184: 1175-1179. 

Likens^G.E., F.H. Borman, and N.M. Johnson, 1972. Acid rain. Environment, 14(2): 



- 44 - 



Likens, G.E., et al., 1979. Acid rain, Scientific American, 241: 43-51. 

LOdg Env^n S ^ ', 19 7f * An SH^ZZ* ° f de P° sition velocities over water. Atm. 
anvlron., Vol. 12, pp. 973-974. 

McMahon, T.A., and P.J. Enison, 1979. Emperical atmospheric deposition parameters 
a survey. Atmospheric Environment, V. 13, pp. 571-585. parameters, 

Mart if' <!' and F ; R ; Barber » 1971- Some measurements of loss of atmospheric sulohur 
dioxide near foliage. Atmos. Environ., 5: 345-352. P suipnur 

""'ROT.' m^TX^Tn^^mU ° f P ° 11Uti0n fr ° m the ^^Te. Quart. J. 

MMll n^tf;!« 'r£&. <'*' J? ran !? r » } 971 ' Preci Pitation scavenging in central and 

Z1.ZL k ►i°\^ r ? : P reci P itation Scavenging, Proceedings of the Symposium 
Sponsored by the Illinois State Water Survey and the U.S. Atomic Energy 
Commission. Champaign, IL, 14-18, October, 1974. 

Murphy, B.D., 1976. Deposition of S0 2 on ground cover, in: Third Symposium on 

!SS2S£ T srcie 1 t" C 5i0^5 f 05! SiOn ' "* ** ^^ ^^ VOl ™> *»*— 

National Program for Assessing the Problem of Atmospheric Deposition:, 1978, A 
SSSltS "^J 80 ™ 11 on environmental quality. Association of State 
Agricultural Experiment Stations of North Central Region, NC 141. 

Natusch D.F.S., J.R. Wallace, and C.A. Evans, 1974. Toxic trace elements: prefer- 
ential concentration in respirable particles. Sci., 183: 202-4. 

Newman, L., 1975. Acidity in rainwater: has an explanation been presented? 
Science, 188: 957-58. 

Nordo, J., 1976. Long range transport of air pollutants in Europe and acid precip- 
itation in Norway. Water, Air Soil Pollution, 6: 199-217. 

Norwegian Ministry of the Environment, 1974. Acid precipitation and its effects in 
Norway. Oslo. 

Oden, S., 1976. The acidity problem— an outline of concepts. In: l.S. Dochinger 
and T.A. Seliga (eds.) Proc. First Int. Symp. on Acid Precipitation and the 
Forest Ecosystem. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep., NE-23. Upper Darby Pa 
pp. 1-36. 

Oden, S., 1975. Acid precipitation: a world concern. In: Proceedings of the 
Conference on Emerging Environmental Problems: Acid Precipitation, Mav 
Rensselaerville, NY, EPA-902/9-75-001. U.S. Environ. Protection Agency, Region 
II, New York. 

Oden, S., 1973. Acidification by atmospheric precipitation— a general threat to the 
ecosystem. Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Translation Series No. 2564. 



- m - 

Oden, S., 1968. The acidification of air and precipitation and its consequences in 
the environment. Ecology Committee Bulletin No. 1. The State National Science 
Research Council, Stockholm. Translation Consultants, Ltd., Arlington, Va., 
117 p. 

Ohlrogge, A.J., 1971. The good in pollution. Presented to Indiana Academy of 
Sciences, October. 

Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 1979. Acid precipitation in Ontario. 
February. 

Owers, M.J., and A.W. Powell, 1974. Deposition velocity of sulphur dioxide on land 
and water sufaces using a 35S tracer method. Atmospheric Environment, 8, dd. 
63-67. y¥ 

Peiron, D.H., et al., 1973. Trace elements in the atmospheric environment. 
Nature, 241: 252-54. 

Peterson, Ernest W., 1977. Wet and dry deposition - a synopsis containing estimates 
of deposition velocities for some pollutant and trace gases in the atmosphere. 
EPACERL-037 report, April. 

Prahm, O.P., U. Tarp, and R.M. Stern, 1976. Deposition and transformation rates of 
sulphur oxides during atmospheric transport over the Atlantic. Tellus, 18, dd. 
355-372. ' vp 

Raley, Catherine, Barbara R. Hall, and Brand L. Niemann, 1979. Acid precipitation 
in the Great Lakes - southeastern Canada region. EPA-202-79/R1, Energy & 
Environmental Systems Division, Teknekron, June. 

Rambo, Danny L., 1978. Interim report: acid precipitation in the United States. 
History, Extent, Sources, Prognoses. NSI-Corvallis, 78:01, Dec. 18. 

Ravera, 0., 1973. Lead pollution in air and water. In: Proc. Symp. Eur. Fed. 
Protection Wat., Finland, 13 p. 

Reiter, E.R., and J.D. Mahlman, 1965. Heavy iodine-131 fallout over the midwestern 
United States, May, 1962. Atraos. Sci. Tech., Paper No. 70, USAEC Report 
C00-1 340-2, 1-53, Colorado State University. 

Reiter, E.R., and J.D. Mahlman, 1964. Heavy radioactive fallout over the southern 
United States, November 1962. Atmos. Sci. Tech., Paper No. 58, 21-49, Colorado 
State University. 

Rodhe, H., 1974. Hazardous heavy metals: Cadmium, mercury, lead and arsenic. WHO 
Intern. Ref. Cent, for Wastes Disposal, Dubendorf, Switzerland, News No. 6: 
1-6. 

Rodhe, H., and J. Grandell, 1972. On the removal time of aerosol particles from the 
atmosphere by precipitation scavenging. Tellus, Vol. 24: 442-454. 



Ruhling, A., and G. Tyler, 1973- Heavy metal deposition in Scandinavia. Water and 
Soil Pollution, 2: 445-455. 

Ruhling, A., and G. Tyler, 1971. Regional differences in the deposition of heavy 
metals over Scandinavia. J. Applied Ecology, 8: 497-507. 

Schroeder, H.A., 1971. Metals in the air. Environment, 13: 18-32. 

Schlesinger, W.H., W.A. Reiners, and D.S. Knopman, 1974. Heavy metal concentra- 
tions and deposition in bulk precipitation in montane ecosystems of New 
Hampshire, USA. Environ. Pollut., 6: 39-47. 

Scott, B.C., 1978. The impact of the proposed Atikoken electric generating facility 
on the wet deposition of sulfur in the boundary waters canoe area. Pacific 
Northwest Laboratory Report, PNL-2675. 

Scott, B.C., 1978. Parameterization of sulfate removal by precipitation. J. 
Applied Meteorology, 17: 1375-1389. 

Scott, B.C., and N.S. Laulainen, 1979. On the concentration of sulfate in precipi- 
tation. J. Applied Meteorology, 18 (2): 138-147. 

Scriven, R.A., and B.E.A. Fisher, 1975. The long range transport of airborne mat- 
erial and its removal by deposition and wash-out — general considerations. 
Atmosph. Environ., V. 9, pp. 49-58. 

Semb, A., 1978. Deposition of trace elements from the atmosphere in Norway. SNSF 
Proj. Rep. FR 13/78. 

Semb, A., 1975. Measurement of acid precipitation in Norway. Proc. First Int. 

Symp. on Acid Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem. USDA Forest Service Gen. 
Tech. Report NE-23, 119-129. 

Semonin, R.G., et al., 1977. Study of air pollution scavenging. Fifteenth Progress 
Report, Contract EY-76-5-02-1199, Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, 111. 

Shaw, R.W., 1979. Acid precipitation in Atlantic Canada. Envir. Sci. and Technol- 
ogy, 13: 406-411. 

Shaw, R.W., 1978. Long range atmospheric transport and deposition of contaminants 
to the Atlantic Region. Paper No. 17-2, 28th Can. Chem. Eng. Conf . , Halifax, 
Nova Scotia, October 22-25. 

Shaw, R.W., and D.M. Whelpdale, 1973. Sulphate deposition by precipitation into 
Lake Ontario. Water, Air 4 Soil Pollut., 2: 125-128. 

Shepherd, J.G., 1974. Measurements of the direct deposition of sulphur dioxide onto 
grass and water by the profile method. Atmos. Envir., V. 6, pp. 69-74. 

Sievering, H., et al., 1979. Deposition of sulfate during stable atmospheric trans- 
port over Lake Michigan. Atmos. Envir., 13: 1717-1718. 



- 47 - 

Slinn, W.G., 1977. Some approximations for the wet and dry removal of particles and 
gases from the atmosphere. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 7 (4): 513-543. 

Slinn, W.G.N. , 1976. Formulation and solution of the diffusion-deposition 
resuspension problem. Atmos. Environ., 10: 763-768. 

Slinn, W.G.N. , 1976c. Natural atmospheric cleansing processes. Preprint Volume, 
Fourth National Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology, St. Louis, Missouri, 
Nov. 16-18. 

Slinn, W.G.N. , 1975. Estimate of wet, dry and total deposition of atmospheric par- 
ticles and gases to a canopy. Presented at the First International Symposium 
on Acid Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem, Columbus, Ohio, May. 

Spicer, C.W., 1974. The fate of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. EPA Report 
68-01-0799, Batelle, Columbus, Ohio. 

Steinnes, E., 1977. Atmospheric deposition of trace elements in Norway studied by 
means of moss analysis. Report KR-154, Institutt for Atomenergi, Kjeller, 
Norway. 

Stevens, R.D.S., and R.J. Vet, 1979. Acidic precipitation report to technology 
development and appraisal section. Air Resources Branch, Ministry of the 
Environment. 

Strachan, W.M.J. , and H. Huneault, 1979. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organo 
chlorine pesticides in Great Lakes precipiation. J. Great Lakes Res., 5 (1): 
61-68. 

Summers, P.W., and D.M. Whelpdale, 1976. Acid precipitation in Canada. Water, 
Air, Soil Pollution 6, 447-455. 

Thompson, Mary E., et al., 1980. Evidence of acidification of rivers of eastern 
Canada. Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute. 

Tinker, J., 1973. Acid rain— is Britain really the culprit? New Scientist, 58: 
259 

Tollan, A., ed., 1977. Acid precipitation and some alternative sources as the cause 
of the acidifying of water courses. The SNSF Project. Norway's Agrarian 
Science and Technical Nature Science Research Boards and Dept. of Environmental 
Protection. 

Turner, D.B., 1969. Workshop of atmospheric dispersion estimates. U.S.D.H.E.W. 
Publ. No. 999-AP-26. 

Turner, D.B., 1970. Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates. U.S. Environ- 
mental Protection Agency Office of Air Programs Publication No. AP-26, EPA, 
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. 



- i+8 - 



U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and Illinois State Water Survey, 1974. Precipitation 
Scavenging Symposium, Program and Abstracts. Illinois State Water Survey, 
Champaign, 111. 

Van der Hoven, I., 1968. Deposition of particles and gases. In: Meteorology and 
Atomic Energy (edited by D. Slade), pp. 202-208. USAEC, TID-24190. 

Vermeulen, Arend J., 1978. Acid precipitation in the Netherlands. Environmental 
Science and Technology, 12 (9): 1017-1021. 

Volchok, H.L., and R.T. Graveson, 1975. Wet/dry fallout collection. Proceedings of 
the Second Federal Conference on the Great Lakes, March 25-27. Argonne 
National Laboratory (ICMSE), 295-264. 

Walker, D.R., 1969. Sulfur in precipitation in Central Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci., 
U9: 409-410. 

Walker, H., 1963. Acid droplets in town air. Int. J. Air Wat. Poll., 773-778. 

Walling, T., 1976. Deposition of airborne mercury from six Swedish chloralcali 
plants surveyed by moss analysis. Env. Poll., 10: 101-114. 

Wesley, M.L., and B.B. Hicks, 1977. Some factors that affect the deposition rates 
of sulfur dioxide and similar gases on vegetation. J. Air. Poll. Control 
Assoc, V. 27, pp. 1110-1116. 

Wesley, M.L. et al., 1972. An Eddy correlation measurement of particulate 
deposition from the atmosphere. Atmos. Environ., 11: 561-563. 

Whelpdale, D.M., and R.W. Shaw, 1974. Sulfur dioxide removal by turbulent transfer 
over grass, snow and water surfaces. Tellus, 26: 196-205. 

Wolff, G.T., et al., 1979. Acid precipitation in the New York area: its relation- 
ship to meteorologic factors. Environmental Science and Technology, 13: (2): 
209-211. 

Yan, N.D., 1978. Acid precipitation — a review. Inst, of Envir. Studies, University 
of Toronto. Pub. EE-9. 



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3. NETWORKS 

Backlin, L., Rolf Soderlind and Lennart Granat, 1978. An improved precipitation 
collector system for subsequent chemical analyses. University of Stockholm, 
Dept. of Meteorology, Rept. AC-38, March. 

Barrie, L.A., et al., 1980. The Canadian air and precipitation monitoring network: 
a description and results for Nov. 1978 to June 1979. Unpublished manuscript 
Report AQRB-80-002-T. Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Ont. 

Barrie, L.A., et al., 1980. The Canadian air and precipitation monitoring network 
APN, Atmospheric Pollution, Proc. 14 th Int. Symp., Paris, France, May. Ed. M. 
Benarie, Elsevier Press, Amsterdam. 

Berry, R.L., 1979. The Canadian network for sampling precipitation (CANSAP) pro- 
ject, LRTAP 79-1, (January). 

Berry, R.L., 1979. An assessment of the CANSAP project after two years of opera- 
tion. Internal Rep. 0LRTAP-79-9, Atmospheric Environment Service. 

Brookhaven National Laboratories, 1975. Regional Energy Studies Program. Annual 
Report, FY. Phillip F. Palmedo, Ed., 46-61, 91-106. 

Dana, M. Terry, and J.M. Holes, 1976. A design for regional precipitation chemistry 
measurement and analysis. In Pacific Northwest Laboratory Annual Report for 
1975 to the USERDA Division of Biomedical and Environmental Research, BNWL-2000 
PT3, Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland WA., pp. 185-188. 

Dana, M.T. (ed.), 1979. The MAP3S precipitation chemistry network: Second Periodic 
Summary Report (July 1977-June 1978). PNL 2829 Battelle, Pacific Northwest 
Laboratory, Richland WA. 

Davis, W.E., W.J. Eadie and D.C. Powell, 1978. Technical progress in the alternate 
fuel cycle program. Pacific Northwest Laboratory 1977 Annual Report, PNL-2500 
PT 3. UC-11, Part 3 Atmospheric Sciences, February. 

Eliassen, A., 1978. The OECD study of long range transport of air pollutants: long 
transport modelling. Atmospheric Environment, 12, 479-489. 

Galloway, J.N., and E.B. Cowling, 1978. The effects of precipitation of aquatic and 
terrestrial ecosystems: A proposed precipitation chemistry network. J. Air 
Pollut. Control Assoc, v. 28 (3), pp. 229-235. 

Galloway, J.N., et al., 1978. A national program for assessing the problem of 

atmospheric deposition. Nat. Atmospheric Deposition Program. Assoc, of State 
Agric. Expt. Stations of the North Central Region NC-141. 

Gillani, N.V. et al., 1978. Project MISTT. Kinetics of particulate sulfur forma- 
tion in a power plant plume out to 300 km. Atmos. Env., V. 12, pp. 589-598. 



- 50 - 

Granat, U, Rolf Soderlind and Leif Backlin, 1977. The IMI network in Sweden— pre- 
sent equipment, methods and plans for improvement. University of Stockholm, 
Dept. of Meteorology, Report AC-40, November. 

Hidy, G.M., et al., 1979. Assessment of regional air pollution over the eastern 
United States: results from the sulfate regional experiment (SURE). WMO 
Symposium on LRTAP, 65-76. 

Hidy, G.M., et al., 1976. Design of the sulfate regional experiment (SURE). Report 
EC-125, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA. 

Linzon, S.N., L. Shenfield, and R.D.S. Stevens, 1978. Acid precipitation studies in 
Ontario. Ont. Min. of Environment, Air Resources Branch. 

MacCracken, M.C., 1928. MAP3S: an investigation of atmospheric energy related pol- 
lutants in the northeastern United States. Atmos. Env., V. 12, 649-660. 

McNaughton, Daniel J., 1980. Initial comparison of SURE/MAP3S sulfur oxide observa- 
tions with long-term regional model predictions. Atmos. Env., 14: 55-63. 

The Multi-state atmospheric power production pollution study - MAP3S. Progress Re- 
port for FY 1977 and FY 1978, July, 1979. (Prepared by the MAP3S researchers 
for U.S. Dept. of Energy, Asst. Secy, for Environment, Office of Health and 
Environmental Research.) Annotated bibliography, pp. 360-404. 

NAPS (1977). National air pollution surveillance. Annual Summary, 1976. Environ- 
mental Protection Service, Department of Fisheries and the Environment. Report 
EPS-5-AP-77-13. (Also NAPS, 1979 — Annual Summary for 1978. Report 
EPS5-AP-78-26) 

OECD, 1977. The 0ECD programme on long range transport of air pollutants. Measure- 
ments and findings. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 
Paris. 

Ontario. Ministry of the Environment, 1979. An analysis of the Sudbury environmen- 
tal study network precipitation acidity data. June-Sept., 1978. 

Ottar, B., 1978. An assessment of the OECD study on long-range transport of air 
pollutants (LRTAP). Atmos. Env., 12, 445-454. 

Ottor, Brynjulf, 1975. Organisation of long range air pollution monitoring in 
Europe. Int. Conf. on Environmental Sensing and Assessment. Las Vegas, 
Nevada. Sept., Vol. 2: 1-6. 

Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 1977. The MAP3S precipitation chemistry network: 
First Periodic Summary Report (September 1976- June 1977), PNL - 2402, October. 

Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 1979. The MAP3S precipitation chemistry network: 
Second Periodic Summary Report (July 1977-June 1978), PNL - 2829, January. 



- 51 - 

Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 1977. The MAP3S precipitation chemistry network: 
First Periodic Summary Report (Sept. 1976-June 1977), Battelle, Pacific 
Northwest Laboratory, Dept. of Energy Contract, EY-76-C-06-1830, October. 

Paterson, M.P., and R.S. Scorer, 1973. Data quality and the European air chemistry 
network. Atmos. Env., 7: 1162-1171. 

Perhac, R.M. 1978. Sulfate regional experiment: the SURE program. Atmos. Env., 12 
641-648. 

Potvin, R.R., and D. Balsillie, 1976. Air quality monitoring report for the Sudbury 
area, (1975). Ont. Min. Envir. 

Raynor, G.S., and J. P. McNeil, 1978. The Brookhaven automatic sequential precipi- 
tation sampler. Brookhaven National Laboratory Report, BNL-50818. 

Raynor, G.S., and J.V. Hayes, 1978. Experimental data from analysis of sequential 
precipitation samples at Brookhaven National Laboratory. BNL-50826, Brookhaven 
National Laboratory, Upton, NY. 

Rystad, B. et al., 1974. The LRTAP emission survey. Norwegian Institute for Air 
Research, LRTAP 2174, 20 pp. 

Sheih, CM., G.D. Hess, and B.B. Hicks, 1978. Design of network experiments for re- 
gional-scale atmospheric pollutant transport and transformation. Atmos. Env., 
12: 1745-1753. 

Shewchuk, Stanley R., 1979. A background study of potential sulphur stresses in 

West Central Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Research Council Report No. P79-6, Feb. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Outlook, 1979. EPA 600/9 79-005, 
Feb. 

Winters, William et al. , 1979. ASRC airborne cloud water collection system. ASRC- 
SUNYA pub. no. 728, Atmospheric Science. Research Centre, State Univ. of New 
York at Albany. 



-52- 



4. MODELLING 



Adamowicz, R.F., 1979. A model for the reversible washout of sulphur dioxide, 
ammonia, and carbon dioxide from a polluted atmosphere and production of 
sulphates in raindrops. Atmospheric Environment, 13: 105. 122. 

Altshuller, A. P., 1979* Model predictions of the rates of homogeneous oxidation of 
sulfur dioxide to sulfate in the troposphere. Atmos. Env., 13: 1653-1661. 

Anderson, D.E., 1978. Continuous measurement of pH using an automatic precipita- 
tion collector and analyzer. Pub. No. 78-178, Meteorology Program, University 
of Maryland, College Park, MD 20748. 

ApSimon, H.M., et al., 1978. Modelling the mesoscale atmospheric dispersion and the 
application of the MESOS model to the 1957 Windscale release. Final Report 
Contract 113-77-10L/V, Environmental Safety Group, Imperial College, October. 

ApSimon, H.M., and P. Goddard, 1976. Modelling the atmospheric dispersal of radio- 
active pollutants beyond the first few hours of travel. Proc. 7th NATO/CCMS 
Conference, Airlie, Virginia, USA, 7-10 September. 

Barrie, L.A., 1978. An improved model of reversible SO2 washout by rain. Atmos. 
Env., V. 12, pp. 407-^12. 

Bartnicki, J., J. Pruchnicki and J. Pudykiewicz, 1979. Sensitivity of uni-level 
trajectory model to random errors in initial fields. WMO Symposium on LRTAP , 
265-270. 

Berkowicz, Ruwim, Lars P. Prahm, and Jean-Francois Louis, 1979. Global 2-D spectral 
dispersion model. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 359-365. 

Carmichael, G.P., and L.K. Peters, 1979. Numerical simulation of the regional tran- 
sport of SO2 and sulfate in the eastern United States. Paper presented at 
the Fourth Symposium on Turbulence, Diffusion and Air Pollution, American 
Meteorological Society, Reno, Nevada, January 15-18. 

Chen, Carl W. , Steve Gherini and Robert Goldstein, 1979. Modelling the lake acidi- 
fication process. EPRI Report, presented at Lake Acidification Workshop, Sept. 
4-7, CEGB, England. 

Christensen, 0., and L.P. Prahm, 1976. A pseudospectral model for dispersion of at- 
mospheric pollutants. J. Appl. Meteor, 15: 1284-1294. 

Daggupaty, S.M., P.K. Misra, and R.E. Munn, 1979. A numerical experiment in tra- 
jectory of air pollutants over the Great Lakes region. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 
259-264. 



- 53 - 

Daggupaty, S.M. , 1979. Trajectory modelling of the transport of air pollutants. 
Contract Report to Atraos. Env. Service Canada. Publication available from 
Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto. 

Danielson, E.F., 1974. Review of trajectory methods. Adv. in Geophysics, 18B, 
Academic Press, 73-94. 

Davis, W.E., 1979. Comparison of the results of an eight layer regional model 
versus a single layer regional model for a short term assessment. WMO 
Symposium on LRTAP, 297-304. 

Davis, W.E., and L.L. Wendell, 1976. Some effects of isentropic vertical motion 
simulation in a regional scale quasi lagrangian air quality model. Preprint 
from the Third Symposium on Atmospheric Turbulence, Diffusion and Air Quality. 

Draxler, R.R., 1977. A mesoscale transport and diffusion model. NOAA Technical 
Memorandum ERL ARL-64, 31 pp. 

Eliassen, A., and J. Saltbones, 1978. Model estimates of the long range transport 
and deposition of sulphur pollutants in Europe for 1975 and 1976. NILU Report 
Nr 2/78, 16 pp. 

Eliassen, A., 1976. The trajectory model. A technical description. LRTAP No. 1/76 
Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway. 

Fay, James A., and Jacob J. Rosenzweig, 1980. An analytical diffusion model for 
long distance transport of air pollutants. Atraos. Env., 14: 355-365. 

Fisher, B.E.A., 1978. Long term sulphur deposition in Europe. Atmos. Env., V. 12 
pp. 489-502. 

Fox, D.G., 1975. Modelling atmospheric effects— an assessment of the problems. 
Proc. First Int. Symp. on Acid Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem. USDA 
Forest Service Gen. Tech. Report NE-23, 57-85. 

Hales, J.M., M.A. Wolf and M.T. Dana, 1973. A linear model for predicting the wash- 
out of pollutant gases from industrial plumes. Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs. J. 19, 
292-297 

Heese, Maria, Ingo Jacobsen and Eberhard Muller, 1979. On the effect of meteorolog- 
ical simplifications in the numerical simulation of regional transport 
processes. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 329-336. 

Heffter, J.L., and G.A. Ferber, 1975. A regional continental scale transport diffu- 
sion and deposition model, part II: diffusion-deposition models. NOAA Tech. 
Memo, ERL ARL-50, 27 pp. 

Henmi, Teizi, 1979. Long range transport model of SO2 and sulfate and its appli- 
cation to the eastern United States. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 321-328. 



- 54 - 

Hill, F.B., and R.F. Adamowicz, 1978. A model for rain composition and the washout 
of sulfur dioxide. Atmos. Environ. 11, 917-927. 

Hjelmfelt, M.R., R.D. Farley, and P.C.S. Chen, 1978. A preliminary numerical study 
into the effects of coal development on cloud and precipitation processes in 
the northern Great Plains. J. Applied Met., 17, pp. 846-857. 

Horst, T.W., 1977. A surface depletion model for deposition from a Gaussian plume. 
Atmos. Environ., 12: 41-46. 

Isaksen, I.S.A., D. Hesstvedt, and 0. Hov, 1978. A chemical model for urban plumes: 
test for ozone and particulate sulfur formation in the St. Louis urban plume. 
Atmos. Evniron., 12: 599-604. 

Izrael, Yu A., J.E. Mikhailora, and A.J. Pressman, 1979. A model for operative 
evaluation of transboundary flows of pollutants (sulphur dioxide and 
sulphates). WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 271-279. 

Kreitzberg, C.W., M. Lutz and D.J. Perkey, 1976. Precipitation cleansing computa- 
tion in a mesoscale weather prediction model. Fate of Pollutants, John Wiley & 
Sons, Inc. 

Kreitzberg, C.W., M. Lutz and D.J. Perkey, 1977. Precipitation cleansing computa- 
tion in a numerical weather prediction model. In: Fate of Pollutants in the 
Air and Water Environments, I.H. Suffet, ed., New York: John Wiley and Sons, 
1977, pp. 323-351. 

Lange, R., 1978. ADPIC - A three dimensional particle-in-cell model for the disper- 
sal of atmospheric pollutants and its comparison to regional tracer studies. 
J. Applied Meteor, 17, 320-329. 

La very, T.F., et al., 1978: Regional transport and photochemical model of atmos- 
pheric sulfates. Paper presented at the Ninth International Technical Meeting 
on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, NATO/CCMS, August 28-31. 
Toronto, Canada. 

Long, P.E., et al., 1978. The state of the technique development laboratory's 
boundary layer model: May 24, 1977. NOAA Tech. Memo. NWS TDL-66. 

Mahlman, J.D., 1968. Numerical methods for computing three dimensional trajectories 
for adiabatic and diabatic flows. Report AFCRL-68-0357, U.S. Naval Post- 
graduate School. 

Makhon'ko, R.P., 1968. Simplified theoretical model of contaminant removal by pre- 
cipitation from the atmosphere. Tellus, 19: 467-476. 

Martinez, J.R., et al, 1977. Development of an atmospheric model for sulfate forma- 
tion. Environmental Research & Technology, Inc. Report No. P-1534, September. 

Maul, P.R., 1978. Preliminary estimates of the washout coefficient for sulfur diox- 
ide using data from an East Midlands ground level monitoring network. Atmos. 
Environ., 12: 2515-2517. 

McMahon, T.A., P.J. Denison and R. Fleming, 1976. A long distance air pollution 
transportation model incorporating washout and dry deposition components. 
Atmospheric Environment, 10, p. 751-761. 



- 55 - 

McNaughton, D.J., 1979. Emission source specification in a regional pollutant 
transport model. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 1979, 3-8. 

Meyers, R.E., R.T. Cederwall, and W.D. Ohmstede, 1979. Modelling regional atmos- 
pheric transport and diffusion: some environmental applications. In: 
Advances in Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gordon and Breach 
Publishers. 

Meyers, R.E., et al., 1979. Modeling sulfur oxide concentrations in the eastern 
United States: model sensitivity, verification, and applications. Paper 
presented at the Fourth Symposium on Turbulence, Diffusion, and Air Pollution, 
American Meteorological Society, Reno, Nevada, January 15-18. 

Meyers, R.E., et al., 1978. Long-range transport of sulfur in the eastern United 
States. In: An Assessment of National Consequences of Increased Coal 
Utilization, Vol. 1 and 2, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Technology Impacts, 
Washington, D.C. 

Meyers, R.E., et al., 1976. Transport and diffusion using a diagnostic mesoscale 
model employing mass and total energy conservation constraints. Published in 
Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Atmospheric Turbulence, Diffusion and Air 
Quality, American Meteorological Society, Raleigh, NC. October 19-22. 

Miller, C.W., 1978. An examination of Gaussian plume dispersion parameters for 
rough terrain. Atmos. Environ., 12: 1359-1364. 

Mills, M.J., and A. A. Hirata, 1978. A multi-scale transport and dispersion model 
for local and regional scale sulfur dioxide/sulfate concentrations: 
formulations and initial evaluation. Paper presented at the Ninth 
International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, 
NATO/CCMS, August 28-31, Toronto, Canada, 20 pp. 

Niemann, Brand L., Allan A. Hirata, and Lowell F. Smith, 1979. Application of a 
regional transport model to the simulation of multi-scale sulfate episodes over 
the eastern United States and Canada. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 337-346. 

Nordlund, G., 1975. A quasi-Lagrangian cell method for calculating long distance 
transport of airborne pollutants. J. Appl. Meteor. 14, 1095-1104. 

Omstedt, G., and H. Rodhe, 1978. Transformation and removal processes for sulfur 
compounds in the atmosphere as described by a one-dimensional time-dependent 
diffusion model. Atmos. Environ., 12: 503-509. 

Pack, D.H., et al., 1978. Meteorology of long-range transport. Atmos. Environ., 
12: 425-444. 

Pasquill, F., 1979. Atmospheric dispersion modelling. J. Air Pollut. Cont. Ass. 
29, 117-119. 

Petrenchuk, O.P., 1976. Atmospheric precipitation sampling procedures and applica- 
tion of cloud water chemical composition data to the estimation of background 
aerosol chemical composition. WMO Special Environmental Report No. 10, Air 
Pollution Measurement Techniques, WMO-No. 460. World Meteorological Organiza- 
tion, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 50-57. 



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Powell, D.C., et al., 1979. A variable trajectory model for regional assessments of 
air pollution from sulfur compounds. PNL-2734, Battelle, Pacific Northwest 
Laboratory, Richland WA. 99352, February. 

Prahm, L.P., et al., 1979. Regional source quantification model for sulphur oxides 
in Europe. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 37-44. 

Prahm, L.P., and 0. Chriatensen, 1977. Long range transmission of pollutants simu- 
lated by a two-dimensional pseudospectral dispersion model. J. Appl. Meteor., 
16, 896-910. 

Prahm, L.P., and 0. Chriatensen, 1976. A pseudospectral model for dispersion of at- 
mospheric pollutants. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 12, 1284-1294. 

Rodhe, H., P. Crutzen, and A. Vanderpol, 1979. Formation of sulfuric and nitric 
acid in the atmosphere during long range transport. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 
165-171. 

Rodhe, H., 1974. Some aspects of the use of air trajectories for the computation of 
large-scale dispersion and fallout patterns. Adv. in Geophysics, 18B, Academic 
Press. 

Shannon, J.D., 1979. The advanced statistical trajectory regional air pollution 
model. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Turbulence, Diffusion and Air 
Pollution, American Meteorological Society, Boston. 

Sheih, J., 1977. Application of a statistical trajectory model to the simulation 
of sulfur pollution over northeastern United States. Atmos. Environ., 11, pp. 
173-178. 

Sheih, J., 1976. Application of a Lagrangian statistical trajectory model to the 
simulation of sulphur pollution over northeastern United States. Proceedings 
of the Third Symposium on Atmospheric Turbulence, Diffusion, and Air Quality, 
October. 

Sykes, R.I., and L. Hatton, 1976. Computation of horizontal trajectories based on 
the surface geostropic wind. Atmos. Env., 10. 

Tong, E.Y., and R.B. Batchelder, 1978. Aerometric data compilation and analysis for 
regional sulfate modeling. Report prepared under EPA contract No. 68-01-1921 
by Teknekron, Inc. (August). 

Turner, D. Bruce, 1979. Atmospheric dispersion modelling: a critical review. J. 
of Air Pollut. Control Assoc, 29 (5): 502-519. 

Veltischera, N.S., 1979. A model for evaluation of transboundary sulphur dioxide 
flux with the inolusion of vertical motions. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 289-295. 

Weisman, Boris, 1979. Long range transport model for sulphur. Meteorological and 
Environmental Planning Ltd., Downsview, Ontario. 



-5f- 

Wendell, L.L., D.C. Powell, and R. L. Drake, 1976. A regional scale model for com- 
puting deposition and ground level air concentration of SO2 and SOij from an 
elevated source. PNL Annual Report for 1975 to ERDA Division of Biomedical and 
Environmental Research, Part 3, Atmospheric Sciences, BNWL-2000, PT-3, UC-11, 
218-223, March. 

Wendell, L.L., 1972. Mesoscale wind fields and transport estimates determined from 
a network of wind towers. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 565-578, July. 

Wrigley, J. f H.M. ApSimon, A.J.H. Goddard, 1979. Meteorological data and the MESOS 
model for the long range transport of atmospheric pollutants. WMO Symposium on 
LRTAP, 281-287. 

Ziu Mei-Kao, and J.H. Seinfeld, 1975. On the validity of grid and trajectory models 
of urban air pollution. Atmos. Environ., V. 9i No. 6-7, pp. 555-57H. 



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5. AQUATIC EFFECTS 



5.1 Chemistry 



Acres Consulting Services Ltd., 1975. Atmospheric loading of the upper Great Lakes 
Vols. 1,2,3. Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario 

Acres Consulting Services Ltd., 1977. Atmospheric loading of the lower Great Lakes 
and the Great Lakes Drainage Basin. C.C.I.W., Burlington, Ontario. 

Aimer, B., et al., 1974. Effects of acidification on Swedish Lakes. AMBIO, 3: 
30-36. 

Armstrong, F.A.J. , and D. W. Schindler, 1971. Preliminary chemical characterization 
of waters in the experimental lakes area, northwestern Ontario. J. Fish Res. 
Bd. Can., 28: 171-187. 

Aston, S.R. et al., 1973. Mercury in lake sediments: a possible indicator of tech- 
nical growth. Nature, 241: 450-451. 

Barica, J., and F.A. Armstrong, 1971. Contribution by snow to the nutrient budget 
of some small northwest Ontario lakes. Limnol. Oceanog. , 16: 891-899. 

Barton, P., and T. Vatanatham, 1976. Kinetics of limestone neutralization of acid 
waters. Environmental Science and Technology, 10: 262-266. 

Beamish, R.J., and J.C. VanLoon, 1977. Precipitation loading of acid and heavy 
metals to a small acid lake near Sudbury, Ontario. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 
34: 649-658. 

Buller, W., 1976. Reassessment of mercury in surface water in the Adirondack region 
New York. J. Res. U.S. Geological Survey, 4: 223-26. 

Coker, W.B., and W.W. Shilts, 1979. Lacustrine geochemistry around the north shore 
of Lake Superior: implications for evaluation of the effects of acid precipita- 
tion. In: Current Research, Part C, Geo. Survey of Canada, Paper 79-1G, p. 
1-15. 

Conroy, N., K. Hawley, and W. Keller, 1978. Sudbury environmental study report. 
Extensive monitoring of lakes in the greater Sudbury area, 1974-76. Ont. Min. 
of Environment, Water Resources Assessment, NE region. 

Conroy, N. , K. Hawley, and C. LaFrance, 1976. Influence of the atmosphere on lakes 
in the Sudbury area. J. Great Lakes Res., 2 (Suppl. 1): 146-165. 

Conroy, N., D.S. Jeffries, and J.R. Kramer, 1974. Acid shield lakes in the Sudbury, 
Ontario region. Proc. of 9th Canadian Symp. on Water Pollution Research in 
Canada, No. 9, p. 45-61. 

Conroy, N., and L. Maki, 1974. Extensive and intensive lake studies in the Sudbury 
area, p. 138-143. In: Ontario Industrial Wastes Conferences. 



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Dickson, W. , 1978. Some effects of the acidification of Swedish lakes. Verh. 
Internat. Verein Liranol., 20, pp. 851-856. 

Dickson, W. , 1975. The acidification of Swedish lakes. Inst. Freshwater Res., 
Drottningholm, Sweden, No. 54. Pp. 8-20. 

Dillon, P.J. et al., 1979. Determination of the susceptibility to acidification of 
poorly buffered surface waters. Limnology and Toxicity Section, Water 
Resources Branch. Ont. Min. of Environment, 

Dillon, P.J. et al., 1977. Acidic lakes in Ontario: characterization, extent and 
responses to base and nutrient additions. Ont. Min. of Environment, Sept. 

Emmelin, L, 1977. Environmental planning in Sweden. The state of Sweden's lakes. 
Current Sweden ENV #79, March. Published by the Swedish Inst., Svenska 
Institutat, Box 7072, S-703 82 Stockholm, Sweden. (Deals with acid precipita- 
tion and the recovery of lakes.) 

European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC), 1968. Water quality criteria 
for European freshwater fish. Report on extreme pH values and inland fish- 
eries. EIFAC Technical Paper No. 4, 18 pp. 

Ficke, J.F., 1977. Air pollution: impact on water. Presented at Soils Cons. Soc. 
Amer. Mtg. , Richmond Va., August. 

Fisher, D.W., et al., 1968. Atmospheric contributions to water quality of streams 
in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, Water Resources 
Research 4, p. 1119. 

Galloway, J.N., et al., 1976. Influences of acid precipitation on the water and 
sediment geochemistry of Adirondack mountain lakes. Abstracts of Papers 
submitted for the 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Limnology and 
Oceanography. Savannah, Georgia. 

Garret, W.D.,and V.M. Smagin, 1976. Determination of the atmospheric contribution 
of petroleum hydrocarbons to the oceans. Special Environment Report N 6, 1976, 
WMO - N440. 

G jessing, E.T., 1974. Effects of polluted precipitation on water quality. In: 
Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Water Poll. Research, Paris. 5 p. 

Gjessing, E.T., et al., 1976. Effects of acid precipitation on freshwater chem- 
istry, p. 64-85. In: F.H. Braekke (ed.) Impact of acid precipitation on 
forest and freshwater ecosystems in Norway. Res. Rep., Aas, Norway. 

Gorham, E., 1976. Acid precipitation and its influence upon aquatic ecosystems — an 
overview. Water, Air, Soil, Pollut., 6: 457-481. 

Gorham, E., 1967. Some chemical aspects of wetland ecology. Nat. Res. Council 
Canada, Assoc. Comra. on Geotech. Res., Tech. Memo No. 90, 20-38. 



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Gorham, E., 1961. Factors Influencing supply of major ions to inland waters with 
special reference to the atmosphere. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 72: 795-840. 

Gorham, E., and D.J. Swaine, 1965. The influence of oxidizing and reducing condi- 
tions upon the distribution of some elements in lake sediments. Limnol 
Oceanog., 10: 268-279. 

Gorham, E., and A.G. Gordon, I960. The influence of smelter fumes upon the chemical 
composition of lake waters near Sudbury, Ontario, and upon the surrounding 
vegetation. Can. J. Bot., 38: 477-H87. 

Gorham, E., 1957. The chemical composition of lake waters in Halifax country, Nova 
Scotia. Limnol. Oceanogr., 2: 12-21. 

Grahn, 0., 1976. Macrophyte succession in Swedish lakes caused by deposition of 
airborne acid substances, pp. 519-530. In: Proceedings of the First 
International Symposium on Acid Precipitation and Forest Ecosystem. USDA 
Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. NE-23, 1074 pp. 

Grahn, 0., and Hans Hultberg, 1975- The neutralizing capacity of 12 different lime 
products used for pH — adjustment of acid water. Vatten, 2, 1975, pp. 120-132. 

Grahn, 0., H. Hultberg, and L. Lander, 1974. Oligotrophication— a self-accelerating 
process in lakes subjected to excessive supply of acid substances. AMBI0, V. 3, 
p. 8. 

Haapla, H., P. Sepponen, and E. Meskus, 1975. Effects of spring floods on water 
acidity in the Kiiminkijoki area, Finland. Oikos, 26: 26-31. 

Hagen, A., and A. Langeland, 1973. Polluted snow in southern Norway and the effects 
of meltwater on freshwater and aquatic organisms. Envir. Poll., 5: 45-57. 

Harrison, A.D., 1958. The effects of sulphuric acid pollution on the biology of 
streams in the Transvaal, South Africa. Verh. internat. Ver. Lirano., 13: 
603-610. 

Henriksen, A, 1979. A simple approach for identifying and measuring acidification 
of freshwater. Nature, 278 (5704) p. 542-545. 

Henriksen, A., and R.F. Wright, 1977. Concentrations of heavy metals in small Nor- 
wegian lakes. Internal Report, SNSF Project, IR 33/77, Part 3, 29 p., Oslo. 

Herricks, E.E., and J. Cairns, Jr., 1977. The effects of lime neutralization of 

acid mine drainage on stream ecology. 32nd Annual Purdue Industrial Waste Conf . 

Herricks, E.E., and J. Cairns, Jr., 1973. Rehabilitation of streams receiving acid 
mine drainage. Virginia Water Resources Research Center. OWRR-WRRC-Bull. , 
66. 284 pp. 

Hoffman, E.J., and R. H. Duce, 1974. The organic carbon content of marine aerosols 
collected on Bermuda. J.G.R. V. 79, N. 30, p. 4474-4477. 



- 61 - 



Hornbeck, J.W., and G.E. Likens, 1974. The ecosystem concept for determining the 
importance of chemical composition of snow. Advanced Concepts and Techniques 
in the Study of Snow and Ice Resources. National Academy of Sciences, 
Washington, D.C. 

Hultberg, H., 1976. Thermally stratified acid water in late winter — a key factor 
inducing self-accelerating processes which increase acidification. U.S.D.A. 
Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-23, p. 503-516. 

Hutchinson, T.C., et al., 1976. Movement and compartmentation of nickel and copper 
in an aquatic ecosystem. P. 565-585 in Environmental Biogeochemistry, V. 2, 
ed., J.O. Nriagu, Ann Arbor Science Publishers. 

International Conference on the Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, Sandefjord, 
Norway, Mar. 11-14, 1980. Vol. 1: Abstracts of voluntary contributions, 
transport and deposition, vegetation and soil. 

International Conference on the Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, Sandefjord, 
Norway, Mar 11-14, 1980. Vol. II: Abstracts of voluntary contributions, water 
quality and aquatic biota. 

Jeffries, D.S., CM. Cox, and P.J. Dillon, 1979. The depression of pH in lakes and 
streams in central Ontario during snowmelt. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 36: 
640-646. 

Johnson, Arthur H., 1979. Acidification of headwater streams in the New Jersey Pine 
Barrens. J. Environ. Qual., 8(3): 383-386. 

Kerekes, J., 1973. Aquatic resource inventory Kejirakujik National Park. Part 5. 
Chemical composition of lake and river waters. Report for Parks Canada by 
Canadian Wildlife Service, Eastern Region. 

Kerekes, J., 1972. Comparative limnological study of five lakes in Terra Nova Nat- 
ional Park, Nfld. PhD. Thesis. Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. 388 p. 

Likens, G.E., and F.H. Bormann, 1974. Linkages between terrestrial and aquatic eco- 
systems. BioScience, 24: 447-456. 

Maimer, N., 1974. On the effects on water, soil and vegetation of an increasing at- 
mospheric supply of sulphur. National Swedish Environment Protection Board, 
SNV-PM-402E, 98 p., Stockholm. 

Mastin, Mary, 1974. La Cloche, past, present and future. Ontario Naturalist. 
July 30-34. 

Matheson, D.H., and F.C. Elder, (eds.), 1976. Atmospheric contribution to the chem- 
istry of lake waters. First Specialty Symposium of the International Associa- 
tion for Great Lakes Research. J. Great Lakes Res. 2 (suppl. l) Interntl. 
Assoc. Great Lakes Res. 



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Matheson, D.H., 197^. Measurements of atmospheric inputs to the Great Lakes. 
Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ont. 

Michelski, M.F.P., and J. Adamski, 197^. Restoration of acidified lakes Middle and 
Lohi in the Sudbury area, p. 163-175. In: Ontario Industrial Wastes 
Conferences. 

Murphy, T.J., and P.V.Doskey, 1976. Inputs of phosphorus from precipitation to Lake 
Michigan. J. Great Lakes Res., 2(1): 60-70. 

Nas, 1975. Petroleum in marine environment. Report of US National Academy of 

Sciences workshop on inputs, fates and the effects of petroleum in the marine 
environment, Washington, D.C. 

Nas, 1971. Marine environmental Quality, Washington, D.C. 

Nicholls, Kenneth H., and Charles M. Cox, 1978. Atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus 
loading to Harp Lake, Ontario, Canada. Water Res. Research, 14(M): 589-592. 

Oden, S., and T. Ahl, 197^. The longterm changes in the pH of lakes and rivers in 
Sweden. Unpubl. report, 13 p. 

Oden, S., and T. Ahl, 1973. The acidification of Scandinavian waters. Fisheries 
Research Board of Can. Translation Series No. 2535. 

Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 1979. Determination of the susceptibility to 
acidification of poorly buffered surface waters. March. 

Pearson, F.H., and A.J. McDonnell, 1975. Limestone barriers to neutralize acidic 
streams. J. of the Environment Engineering Division EE3 M25-M0. (deals pri- 
marily with acid mine drainage but has relevance to acid precipitation.) 

Pearson, F.H., and A.J. McDonnell, 1975. Use of crushed limestone to neutralize 
acid wastes. J. of the Environ. Eng. Division, EE1 139-158. 

Proc. First specialty symposium on atmospheric contribution to the chemistry of lake 
waters, 1976. Internat. Assoc. Great Lake Res. Sept. 28 - Oct. l. Supplement 1 
to Vol. 2, Journal of Great Lakes Research. 

Rosenqvist, I.T., 1978. Alternative sources for acidification of river water in 
Norway. The Science of the Total Environment, 10: 39-^9. 

Schneider, W.A., D.S. Jeffries, and P.J. Dillon, 1979. Effects of acidic precipita- 
tion on precambrian freshwaters in southern Ontario. J. Great Lakes Resources, 
5(1): 145-51. 

Schneider, W. and P.J. Dillon, 1976. Neutralization and fertilization of acidified 
lakes near Sudbury, Ontario. Proc. 11th Can. Symp. Water Poll. Res. Canada, 
11: 93-100. (fairly detailed report) 



- 63 - 

Schneider, W.A., B. Cave and J. Jones, 1976. Reclamation of acidified lakes near 
Sudbury, Ontario by neutralization and fertilization. Limnology and Toxicity 
Section, Water Resources Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment. 19 pp. 
(detailed with extensive bibliography) 

Schneider, W., I. Adamski, M. Pay lor, 1975. Reclamation of acidified lakes near 
Sudbury, Ontario. Ont. Ministry of the Environment, 129 pp. 

Schindler, D.W., R. Wagemann and R.H. Hesslein, 1977. The acidification of lake 223 
Experimental Lakes Area, I. Background data, the first year of acidification, 
1976. Sub-project AF 2.3. 1«, Alberta Oil Sands Environmental Research Program, 
90 pages. 

Schindler, D.W., 1971* A hypothesis to explain differences and similarities among 
lakes in the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario. J. Fish. Res. 
Board Canada, 28: 295-301. 

Schofield, C.L., 1976. Lake acidification in the Adirondack Mountains of New York: 
causes and consequences. Proc. 1st Int. Symp. on Acid Precipitation and the 
Forest Ecosystem, USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-23, 477. 

Seip, H.M., and A. Tollan, 1978. Acid precipitation and other possible sources for 
acidification of rivers and lakes. The Science of the Total Environment, 10: 
253-270. (a technical report) 

Skartveit, A., and Y.T. Gjessing, 1979. Chemical budgets and chemical quality of 
snow and runoff during spring snowmelt. Nordic Hydrology, 10: 141-154. (also 
deals with water acidification in meltwater) 

Swedish Anglers' Association, 1979* Acidification Conference, Sept. 24-26. 
Goteborg, Sweden. 

Szalados, J.E., T.M. Rosenthal and D.J. Lyew, 1979. Lake acidification in Quebec: 
recent observations. Unpublished report, Limnology section, McGill Biology 
Dept., McGill University, Montreal, Que. 

Thompson, M.E., 1979. Acidic atmospheric precipitation: evalutation of its impact 
on Canada's surface waters, submitted for publication in Science. 

Thornton, K., and J. Wilhelm, 1974. The effects of pH, phenol, and sodium chloride 
on survival and caloric, lipid and nitrogen content of a laboratory population 
of Chironomus attenuatus (Walk). Hydrobiologia, 45: 261-280. 

Tollan, A., and B. Hagerhall, 1977. Deterioration of water quality due to long 
range transport of air pollution. Norwegian and Swedish thematic paper to UN 
Water Conference, Oslo, Norway. 

Watt, W.D., D. Scott, and S. Ray, 1978. Acidification and other chemical changes in 
Halifax County Lakes after 21 years. Fisheries and Marine Service, Halifax, 
Nova Scotia. 



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Wiederholm, T., and L. Eriksson, 1977. Benthos of an acid lake. Oikos, 29: 
261-267. 

Wilber, T., 1972. The gradual destruction of Sweden's lakes. AMBIO, 1: 6-14. 

Wright, Richard F., and Arne Henricksen, 1978. Chemistry of small Norwegian lakes, 
with special reference to acid precipitation. Limnology and Oceanography, V. 
23, No. 3, pp. 487-498. 

Wright, R.F., and A. Henriksen, 1977. Chemistry of small Norwegian lakes, with 
special reference to acid precipitation. Internal Report, SNSF Project, IR 
33/77, Part 1, Oslo., 40 p. 

Wright, R.F., and C. Lysholm, 1975. Regional survey of lakes in southern Norway, 
fall 1974. Preliminary analysis of water-chemistry data. SNSF-project. IR 
6/75. 24 p. 

Wright, R. F., and E. Snekvik, 1977. Acid precipitation: chemistry and fish popu- 
lations in 700 lakes in southernmost Norway. Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol, 20: 

Wright, R.F., and E.T. Gjessing, 1976. Acid precipitation: changes in the chemical 
composition of lakes. AMBIO, V. 5, No. 5-6, pp. 219-223. 

Wright, R.F., et al., 1976. Impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems 
in Norway. Water, Air & Soil Poll., 6: 483-499. 

Yan, N.D., W. Schelder, and P.J. Dillon, 1977. Chemical and biological changes in 
Nelson Lake, Ontario, following experimental elevation of lake pH. Water Poll. 
Res. Canada, 12: 213-231. 

Yan, N.D., and P.M. Stokes, 1976. The effects of pH on lake water chemistry and 
phytoplankton in a La Cloche Mountain Lake. Water Poll. Res. Canada, 11: 
127-137. 

Zimmerman, A. P., and H. Harvey, 1979. Sensitivity to acidification of waters of 
Ontario and neighboring States, prepared for Ontario Hydro, University of 
Toronto, 48 pages. 






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5.2 Marine Life 

Aimer, B., 1978. Sulphur pollution and the aquatic ecosystem, pp. 273-311 IN: 

Nriagu, J. (Ed.), Sulphur in the Environment, Part II. Ecological Impacts. J. 
Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y. 

Avery, Michael, and R. Kent Schreiber, 1979. The clean air act: its relation to 
fish and wildlife resources. Fish & Wildlife Resources and Electric Power 
Generation, No. 8. FWS/OBS-76-20.8 

Beamish, R.J., 1976. Acidification of lakes in Canada by acid precipitation and the 
resulting effects on fishes, pp. 479-498. In: Proc The First Internat. 
Symp. on Acid Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem. L.S. Dochinger and T.A. 
Selling, eds. U.S.D.A. Forest Service Gen. Tech. Report NE-23- (Also in 
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, V. 6, p. 501-514, 1976.) 

Beamish, R.J., et al., 1975. Long-term acidification of a lake and resulting 
effects on fishes. AMBIO, 4: 98-102. 

Beamish, R.J., 197^. Loss of fish populations from unexploited remote lakes in 
Ontario, Canada as a consequence of atmospheric fallout of acid. Water 
Research, 8: 85-95. 

Beamish, R.J., 197^. Growth and survival of white suckers (Catastomus commersoni) 
in an acidified lake. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 31: 49, 54. 

Beamish, R.J., 1972. Lethal pH for the white sucker, Castastomus commersoni 
(Lacepede). T. Am. Fish. S. , 101: 355-358. 

Beamish, R.J., and H.H. Harvey, 1972. Acidification of the La Cloche Mountain 
Lakes, Ontario and resulting effects on fishes. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 29, 
1131-11^3. 

Bell, H.L., 1971. Effect of low pH on the survival and emergence of aquatic in- 
sects. Water Res., 5: 313-319. 

Bell, H.L., and A.V. Nebeker, 1969. Preliminary studies on the tolerance of aquatic 
insects to low pH. J. of Kansas Entomol. Soc, 42: 230-237. 

Bengtsson, Bo, William Dickson, and Per Nyberg, 1980. Liming acid lakes in Sweden. 
AMBIO, 9(1): 3^-36. 

Biesinger, K.E., and G.M. Christensen, 1972. Effects of various metals on survival 
growth, reproduction and metabolism of Daphnia magna. Jour, of the Fisheries 
Research Board of Canada, 29: 1691-1700. 

Brosset, C, and I. Svedung. Preliminary study of the possibility of a relationship 
between high acidity of lakes and high mercury content in their fish popula- 
tions. Report B 378. Swedish Water and Air Pollution Research Laboratory, 
Gothenburg, Sweden. 



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Brouzes, R.J. P., R.A.N. McLean, and G.H. Tomlinson, 1977. The link between pH of 
natural waters and the mercury content of fish. Domtar Research Centre, 
Senneville, Quebec. 

Carrick, T.R., 1979. The effect of acid water on the hatching of salraonid eggs. 
J. Fish. Biol., 14: 165-172. 

Carter, L., 1964. Effects of acidic and alkaline effluents on fish in seawater. 
Effl. & Wat. T. Journ., 484-486. 

Cook, J.R., 1971. Influence of culture pH and phosphate on synchrony of Euglerea 
gracilis. Experimental Cell Research, 69: 207-211. 

Craig, G.R., and W.F. Baksi, 1977. The effects of depressed pH on flagfish repro- 
duction, growth and survival. Water Research, 11: 621-626. 

Dahl, K., 1927. The effects of acid water on trout fry. Salmon and Trout Maga- 
zine, 46: 35-43. 

Daye, P.G., and E.J. Garside, 1979. Development and survival of embryos and alevins 
of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. , continuously exposed to acidic levels 
of pH from fertilization. Can. J. Zool. (in press) 

Daye, P.G., and E.T. Garside, 1975. Lethal levels of pH for brook trout, Salvelinus 
fontinalis (Mitchill). Can. J. Zool., 53: 639-641. 

Dills, G., and D.T. Rogers, Jr., 1974. Macroinvertebrate community structure as an 
indicator of acid mine pollution. Environ. Pollut., 6: 239-262. 

Dunson, W.A., and R.R. Martin, 1973* Survival of brook trout in a bog-derived 
acidity gradient. Ecology, 54: 1370-1376. 

Dvorak, A.J., B.G. Lewis, et al., 1978. Impacts of coal-fired power plants on fish 
wildlife, and their habitats. FWS/OBS-78/29. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Ofc. 
Biol. Serv. t Wash., D.C., 26l pp. 

EIFAC Working Party on Water Quality, 1968. Water quality criteria for European 
freshwater fish. Report on extreme pH values and inland fisheries. European 
Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission. EIFAC Tech. Pap. 4: 24. FAO, Italy. 
Address: Department of Fisheries, FAO, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100, 
Rome, Italy. 

Eddy, F.B., 1976. Acid-base balance in rainbow trout (Salmo graidneri), subjected 
to acid stress. Jour. Exp. Biol., 64: 159-171. 

France, S.B., 1978. Effects of pH on the biology and distribution of Ephemerella 
funeralis (Ephemeroptera). Oikos, 31: 332-339. 

Gorham, E. f 1976. Acid precipitation and its influence upon aquatic ecosystems: an 
overview. Water, Air, Soil Pollution, 6: 457-481. 



- 67 - 

Gorham, E. , and A.G. Gordon, 1963* Some effects of smelter pollution upon aquatic 
vegetation near Sudbury, Ontario. Can. J. Bot., HI: 371-378. 

Grande, M. , and S. Sanderson, 1979- Toxicity of acid snowmelt water to brown trout 
(Salmo trutta L.) Vatten, 1: 27-32. 

Groterund, 0., 1972. Zooplankton and fish in relation to acid meltwater and anaero- 
bic deep water in a lake. Vatten, 28: 329-332. 

Hagen, A., and A. Langeland, 1973. Polluted snow in southern Norway and the effect 
of the meltwater on freshwater and aquatic organisms. Environ. Pollut., 5: 
45-47. 

Harvey, H.H., 1979. The acid deposition problem and emerging research needs in the 
toxicology of fishes. Proc. Fifth Annual Aquatic Toxicity Workshop, Hamilton, 
Ont., Nov. 7-9, 1978. Fish. Mar. Serv. Tech. Rep., 862, pp. 115-128. 

Harvey, H.H., 1979 • Fish populations in a large group of acid-stressed lakes. 
Verh. Int. Verein. Liranol., 19, pp. 2406-2416. 

Harvey, H.H., 1977. Aquatic environmental quality: problems and proposals. Jour, 
of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 34(1): 2225-2229. 

Hendrey, G., J. Galloway, S. Norton, et al., 1980. Identification of sensitive re- 
gions and determination of the consequences of changing acidity, due to precipi- 
tation, on aquatic systems in the eastern U.S. EPA Ecological Research Series, 
(in preparation) 

Hendrey, G.R., and R.F. Wright, 1976. Acid precipitation in Norway: effects on 
aquatic fauna. J. Great Lakes Res., 2 (Suppl. 1): 192-207. 

Hendrey, G.R., et al., 1976. Acid precipitation: some hydrobiological changes. 
AMBIO, V. 5, No. 5-6, pp. 224-227. 

Hultberg, H., and 0. Grahn, 1975. Effects of acid precipitation on macrophytes in 
oligotrophic Swedish lakes. J. Great Lakes Res., 2 (Suppl. 1): 208-221. 

Jensen, K.W., and E. Snekvik, 1972. Low pH levels wipe out salmon and trout popula- 
tions in southernmost Norway. AMBIO, 1: 223-225. 

Jernelov, A., 1979. Effect of acidity on uptake of mercury in fish. Presented at 
the 12th Int. Conf. on Environmental Toxicity. Dept. of Radiology & 
Biophysics, University of Rochester, New York, May. 

Johannson, N. , P. Runn, G. Milbrink, 1977. Early development of three salmonid 
species in acidified water. Zoon. , 5: 127-132. 

Johannson, N., and G. Milbrink, 1976. Some effects of acidified water on the early 
development of roach. Wat. Res. Bull., 12: 39-^8. 



- 68 - 

Jordan, D.H.M., and R. Lloyd, 1964. The resistance of rainbow trout (Salmo gaird- 
nerii Richardson) and roach (Rutilus rutilus (L.)) to alkaline solutions. Int. 
J. Air Wat. Poll., 8: 405-409. 

Kinne, C, and H. Rosentahl, 1967. Effects of sulphuric water pollutants on fertil- 
ization, embryonic development and larvae of the herring, Clupea harengus. 
Marine Biology. Int. J. Life Oceans Coastal Waters, Is 65-83. 

Kwiatowski, R.E., and J.C. Roff, 1976. Effects of acidity on the phytoplankton and 
primary productivity of selected northern Ontario lakes. Can. J. Bot., 54: 
2546-2561. 

Landner, L., and P.O. Larson, 1972. Biological effects of mercury fallout into 
lakes from the atmosphere. IVL Rep. B115, Swedish Institute for Water and Air 
Pollution Research, Stockholm. 

Laube, V., S. Ramamoorthy, and D.J. Kusher, 1979. Mobilization and accumulation of 
sediment bound heavy metals by algae. Bull. Envir. Contam. Toxicol., 21: 
763-770. 

Leivestad, H., et al., 1976. Effects of acid precipitation on freshwater organ- 
isms. Pp. 87-111. In: F.H. Braekke (ed.) Impact of acid precipitation on 
forest and freshwater ecosystems in Norway. Res. REp., Aas, Norway. 

Leivestad, H., and I. P. Muniz, 1976. Fish kill at low pH in a Norwegian river. 
Nature, 259: 391-392. 

Lewis, B.G., et al., 1978. A biologist's manual for the evaluation of impacts of 
coal-fired power plants on fish, wildlife, and their habitats. FWS/OBS-78/75. 
U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Ofc. Biol. Serv., Wash., D.C., 206 pp. 

Lloyd, R., and D.H.M. Jordan, 1964. Some factors affecting the resistance of rain- 
bow trout (Salmo gairdnerii Richardson) to acid water. Int. J. Air Wat. Poll., 
8: 393-403. 

Lockhart, W.L., and A. Lutz, 1975. Preliminary biochemical observations of fishes 
inhabiting an acidified lake in Ontario, Canada, pp. 545-569. In: Proc of 
the First International Symp. on Acid Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem, 
L.S. Dollinger and T.A. Seling, eds. U.S.D.A. Forest Service Gen. Tech. 
Report, NE-23. 

McKim, J.M., et al., 1973. Effects of pollution on freshwater fish. J. Water 
Poll. Cont. Fed., 45: 1370-1407. 

Merendez, R., 1976. Chronic effects of reduced pH on brook trout (Salvelinus 
fontinalis). J. Fish Bd. Can., 33: 118-123. 

Moore, S.F., and R.L. Dwyev, 1974. Effects of oil on marine organisms: a critical 
assessment of published data. Water Research, V. 8, p. 819-847. 



- 69 - 

Mount, D.C., 1973- Chronic effect of low pH on fathead minnow survival, growth and 
reproduction. Water Res., 7: 987-993. 

Neville, CM., 1979. Sublethal effects of environmental acidification on rainbow 
trout, (Salmo gairdnerii). J. Fish. Res. Board. Can., 36: 84-87. 

Okland, J., 1969a. Distribution and ecology of the freshwater snails (Gastropoda) 
of Norway. Malacologia, 9: 143-151. 

Packer, R.K., and W.A. Dunson, 1972. Anoxia and sodium loss associated with the 
death of brook trout at low pH. Comp. Biochem Physiol., MIA: 17-26. 
(detailed and scientific) 

Packer, R.K., and W.A. Dunson, 1970. Effects of low environmental pH on blood pH 
and sodium balance of brook trout. J. Exp. Zool., 174: 65-72. 

Parions, J.D., 1968. The effects of acid strip-mine effluents in the ecology of a 
stream. Archs Hydrobiol., 65: 25-50. 

Pickering, Q.H., 1974. Chronic toxicity of nickel to the fathead minnow (Pimephaleo 
promelas) Rafinisque. J. Water Poll. Control. Fed., 46: 760-765. 

Pough, R.H., 1976. Acid precipitation and embryonic mortality of spotted salaman- 
ders Ambystoma maculatum. Science, 192: 68-70. 

Powell, J.J., 1976. Preliminary report on the effects of neutralization on the fish 
community of Nelson Lake, near Sudbury, Ontario. Min. Nat. Res., Sudbury, Ont. 
(analysis of reproduction, growth and populations of various fish species) 

Preston, E.M., and R.A. Lewis (eds.), 1978. The bioenvironmental impact of a coal- 
fired plant, third interim report. Colstrip, Montana. EPA-600/3-78-021. 
USEPA, Corvallis Environ. Res. Lab., Corvallis, Oreg. , 521 pp. 

Robinson, G.D. et al., 1976. Differences in low pH tolerance among strains of brook 
trout (Salrelinus fontinelis). J. Fish. Biol., 8: 5-17. 

Roff, J.C., and Kwiatkowski, 1977. Zooplankton and zoobenthos communities of 
selected Northern Ontario lakes of different acidities. J. Fish. Res. Board 
Can., 55: 899-911. 

Schofield, C.L., 1976. Acid precipitation: effects on fish. AMBIO, 5 (5-6): 
228-230. 

Schofield, C.L., 1976. Effects of acid precipitation on fish. Int. Conf. on the 
Effects of Acid Precipitation. Telemark, Norway, 20 pp. 

Sprules, G.W., 1975. Midsummer crustacean zooplankton communities in acid-stressed 
lakes. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 32: 389-395. 



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Stassen, G.M., 197*4. Aspects of Sudbury environmental degradation problems as re- 
lates to the aquatic communities. Report for the Ont. Ministry of Natural 
Resources, 70 pp. (detailed and comprehensive) 

Stokes, P.M., T.C. Hutchinson, and K. Krauter, 1973. Heavy metal tolerance in algae 
isolated from polluted lakes near the Sudbury, Ontario smelters. Water Pollut. 
Res. Can., 8: 178-201. 

Stroud, R.H., 1976. Acid rain impacts. Sport Fishing Inst. Bull., 271: 2-4. 

Swarts, F.A., W.A. Dunson, and J.E. Wright, 1978. Genetic and environmental factors 
involved in increased resistance of brook trout to sulfuric acid solutions and 
mine acid polluted waters. Trans, of the American Fisheries Society, 107: 
651-677. (fairly detailed, good bibliography) 

Swynnerton, G.H., and E.B. Worthington, 1939. Brown-trout growth in the Lake Dis- 
trict. A study of the conditions in "acid" lakes and tarns. Salmon and Trout 
Mag., 97: 337-35**. 

Trojnar, J., 1977. Eggs and larvae survival of white suckers (catostomus 
commersoni) at low pH. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 3*4: 262-266. 

Trojnar, J.R., 1977. Egg hatchability and tolerance of brook trout (Salvelinus 
fontinalis) fry at low pH. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 34: pp. 57*4-579. 

Van Loon, J.C., and R.J. Beamish, 1977. Heavy metal contamination by atmospheric 
fall-out of several Flin Flon area lakes and the relation to fish populations. 
J. of Fisheries Research Board, 34 (7): 899-906. 

Ware, D.M., and R.F. Addison, 1973. PCB residues in plankton from the Gulf of St. 
Lawrence. Nature, 264 (5434): 519-521. 

Wodzniski, R.S., and M. Alexander, 1978. Effects of sulfur dioxide on algae. J. 
Environ. Qual., 7: 358-360. 

Wright, Richard F., 1975. Acid precipitation and its effects on freshwater eco- 
systems: an annotated bibliography. The SNSF project, Norway FA 3/75. 

Yan, N.D., R.E. Gerard, and C.J. LaFrance, 1979. Survival of rainbow trout, Salmo 
garidneri, in submerged enclosures in lakes treated with neutralizing agents 
near Sudbury, Ontario. Ont. Min. Envir. Tech. Rpt. LTS 79-2. 

Yan, N.D., and P. Stokes, 1978. Phytoplankton of an acidic lake and its responses 
to experimental alterations of pH. Environ. Conserv., 5: 93-100. 



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6. TERRESTRIAL EFFECTS 



6.1 Soils and Geology 



Abrahamesen, G., K. Bjorad, 0. Teigen, 1976. Field experiments with simulated acid 
precipitation in forest ecosystems. In: Soil and Vegetation characteristics, 
experimental design and equipment. SNSI project FR 4/76, 15 pp. 

Baker, J., D. Hocking, and M. Nyborg, 1976. Acidity of open and intercepted pre- 
precipitation in forests and effects on forest soils in Alberta, Canada, pp. 
779-790. In: Proc. of the First International Symp. on Acid Precipitation and 
the Forest Ecosystem. U.S.D.A. Forest Service General Tech. Rpt. NE-23. 1074 
pp. 

Barrow, N.J., K. Spencer, and W.M. McArthur, 1969. Effects of rainfall and parent 
material on the ability of soils to absorb sulfate. Soil Sci., 108: 120-126. 

Bolt, G.H., 1967. Cation exchange equations used in soil-science — a review. Neth. 
J. Agric. Sci., 15: 81-103. 

Bond, H. t et al., 1976. Some effects of cadmium on coniferous soil and litter 
microcosms. Soil So., 121 (5): 278-287. 

Borhemisza, E., and R. Llanos, 1967. Sulfate movement, adsorption, and desorption 
in three Costa Rican soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc, 31: 356-360. 

Carroll, D., 1962. Rainwater as a chemical agent of geologic processes — a review. 
U.S. Geologic Survey Water — Supply Paper, 1535 — G, 18 pp. 

Chao, T.T., M.E. Harward, and S.C. Fang, 1962. Adsorption and desorption phenomena 
of sulfate ions in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Proc, 26: 234-237. 

Clark, J.S., and R.G. Hill, I960. The pH-percent base saturation relationships of 
soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc, 28: 490-492. 

Clayton, J.S. et al., 1977. Soils of Canada. Vol. I, Soil Report; Vol. 2, Soil 
Inventory (with maps). Can. Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa. 

Cole, D.W., and D.W. Johnson, 1977. Atmospheric sulfate additions and cation leach- 
ing in a Dougas Fir ecosystem. Water Resources Research, 13: 313-317. 

Cronan, C.S., and C.L. Schofield, 1979. Aluminum leaching response to acid precip- 
itation: effects on high-elevation watersheds in the northeast. Science, 
204: 304-306. 

Cronan, C.S., et al., 1978. Forest floor leaching: contributions from mineral, 
organic, and carbonic acids in New Hampshire sub-alpine forests. Science, 
200: 309-311. 

Dahl, E., and 0. Skre, 1971. An investigation of the effect of acid precipitation 
on land productivity. Konferens om Avsvavling, Stockholm, M.I., 
ovardssekretariatet, 1:27-9. 



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Dobrzanski, B. f and J. Wondrausch, 1953. Soluble aluminum in soils of the Plish 
area. Ann. Univ. M. Curie Sklodowska, 8E, 263-281. 

Frink, C.R., and G.K. Voight, 1976. Potential effects of acid precipitation on 
soils in the humid temperate zone. Pp. 685-710. In: L.S. Dochinger and T.A. 
Seliga (eds.) Proc. First International Symposium on Acid Precipitation and the 
Forest Ecosystem. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-23. Upper Darby, Pa. 
(also in Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 7: 371-388.) 

Goodman, Gordon T. , and T.M. Roberts, 1971. Plants and soils as indicators of 
metals in the air. Nature, 231: 287-292. 

Graham, E., 1958. Free acid in British soils. Nature, 181: 106. 

Haines, B., and R.G. Best, 1976. The influence of an endomycorrhizal symbiosis of 
nitrogen movement through soil columns under regimes of artificial throughfall 
and artificial acid rain. pp. 951-962. In: L.S. Dochinger and T.A. Seliga 
(eds.) Proc. First International Symposium on Acid Precipitation and the Forest 
Ecosystem. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-23. Upper Darby, Pa. 

Halstead, R.L., and P.J. Rennie, 1977. The effects of sulphur on soils in Canada, 
p. 181-219. In: Sulphur and Its Inorganic Derivatives in the Canadian 
Environment. National Research Council, Environmental Secretariat, Publication 
No. NRCC 15015. Ottawa. 

Hanawalt, R.B., 1969. Environmental factors influencing the sorption of atmospheric 
ammonia by soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc, 33: 231-234. 

Heck, W.W., A.S. Heagle, and E.B. Cowling, 1977. Impact of air pollutants on soil, 
water, flora and fauna. Impact on plants. Proc. Soil Conservation Soc. Amer. 
(in press) 

Hocking, D., et al., 1978. The impact of gold smelter emissions on vegetation and 
soils of a sub-Arctic forest-tundra transition ecosystem. Air Pollution 
Control Association Journal, 28: 133-137. 

Hsu, P.H., and W.L. Jackson, I960. Inorganic phosphate transformations by chemical 
weathering in soils as influenced by pH. Soil Sci., 90: 16-33. 

Hutchinson, T.C., ed., 1979. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Institute 
on Effects of Acid Precipitation on Vegetation, Soil and Soil Biota. Toronto, 
Canada, May. 

Hutchinson, T.C., and L.M. Whitby, 197^. Heavy metal pollution in the Sudbury min- 
ing and smelting region of Canada. I. Soil and vegetation contamination by 
nickel, copper, and other metals. Envir. Conservation, 1: 123-132. 

Johnson, Dale W., and Dale W. Cole, 1977. Anion mobility in soils: Relevance to 
nutrient transport from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. U.S. EPA-600/3- 
77-068. 



- 73 - 

Johnson, N.M., R.C. Reynolds, and G.E. Likens, 1972. Atmospheric sulfur: its ef- 
fects on the chemical weathering of New England. Science, 177: 514-516. 

Jonsson, B., 1977. Soil acidification by atmospheric pollution and forest growth. 
Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 7: 497-501. 

Jordan, M.J., and M.P. Lechevalier, 1975. Effects of zinc smelter emissions on 
forest soil microflora. Can. J. Microbiol., 21: 1855-65. 

Kramer, J.R., 1979- Geochemical factors and terrain response to environmental 
contaminants, Unpublished Report, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. 

Lag, J., 1968. Relationships between the chemical composition of the precipitation 
and the contents of exchangeable ions in the humus layer of natural soils. 
Acta. Agra. Scand., 18: 148-153. 

McBride, M.B., and Blasiak, J.J., 1979. Zinc and copper solubility as a function of 
pH in an acid soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 43*. 866-870. 

McFee, W.W., and J.M. Kelly, 1977. Air pollution: impacts on soils, in new direc- 
tions in century three: strategies for land use. Proc. of Soil Conser. Soc. 
Amer., Mtg. , Pp. 203-207, S.C.S.A. Ankeny, Iowa. 

McFee, W.W. , J.M. Kelly, and R.H. Beck, 1977- Acid precipitation effects on soil 
pH and base saturation of exchange sites. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 7: 401- 
408. 

McFee, W.W., J.M. Kelly, and R.H. Beck, 1976. Acid precipitation effects on soil 
pH and base saturation of exchange sites. Proc. Inst. Int. Symp. on Acid 
Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem. U.S.D.A. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. 
NE-23: 725-735. 

Maimer, Nils, 1976. Acid precipitation: chemical changes in the soil. Ambio, 5: 
231-234. 

Malo, B.A., and E.R. Purvis, 1964. Soil absorption of atmospheric ammonia. Soil 
Science, 97: 242-247. 

Mehlich, A, 1964. Influence of sorbed hydroxyl and sulphate on neutralization of 
soil acidity. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 28: 492-496. 

Middleton, J.T., L.D. Emik, and O.C. Taylor, 1956. Air quality criteria and stand- 
ards for agriculture. J. Air Pollution Control Assoc, 15: 476-480. 

NATO Advanced Reserach Institute, 1978. The effect of acid precipitation on vegeta- 
tion, soil and soil biota. Toronto, Canada. (In press) 

Norton, S.A., 1976. Changes in chemical processes in soils caused by acid precipi- 
tation. In: Proc. First International Symposium on Acid Precipitation and the 
Forest Ecosystem. United States Forest Service Tech. Rept. NE-23, Upper Darby, 
Pennsylvania, Pp 711-724. 



- 74 - 

Nyborg, M., et al., 1977. Effect of sulphur dioxide on precipitation and on the 
suphur content and acidity of soils in Alberta, Canada. Water, Air, Soil, 
Pollution, 7(4): 439-448. 

Nyborg, M., and McKinnon, Allen Associates, 1973. Atmospheric sulfur dioxide: ef- 
fects on the pH and sulfur content of rain and snow; addition of sulfur to 
surface water, soil, and crops; acidification of soils. In: Proceedings of a 
Workshop on Sulphur Gas Research in Alberta (D. Hocking and D. Reiter, eds.). 
Information Report NOR-X-72, Northern Forest Research Centre, Edmonton, 
Alberta, Pp. 79-97. 

Oden, S., 1972. The extent and effects of atmospheric pollution on soils. FAO 
Soils Bull., 16: 179-194. 

Oden, S., and R. Anderson, 1972. The long-term changes in the chemistry of soils in 
Scandinavia due to acid precipitation. Supporting Studies to Sweden's Case 
Study, 20 pp. 

Overrein, L.N., 1972. Sulphur pollution patterns observed; leaching of calcium in 
forest soil determined. AMBIO, 1: 145-147. 

Poelstra, P., et al., 1974. Behaviour of mercury compounds in soils, accumulation 
and evaporation,. Proceedings of a Symposium on food, environment, 
contamination, p. 281-92, IAEA, Vienna. 

Reiniger, P., and G.H. Bolt, 1972. Theory of chromatography and its application to 
cation exchange in soils. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. , 20: 301-313. 

Reuss, John 0., 1978. Simulation of nutrient loss from soils, due to rainfall aci- 
dity. U.S. EPA 600-3-78-053. 

Reuss, J.O., 1976. Chemical and biological relationships relevant to the effect of 
acid rainfall on the soil-plant system. In: Proceedings of the International 
Symposium on Acid Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem. Columbus, Ohio, May 
12-15, 1975. 

Reuss, J.O., 1975. Sulfur in the soil system. In: Sulfur in the environment. 
St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden, pp. 51-61. 

Rogers, R.D., 1977. A biological methylation of mercury in soil. US Env. Prot. 
Agency EPA-600/3-77-007. 

Russell, E.J., 1950. Soil conditions and plant growth, 8th ed. London, New York 
and Toronto: Longmans, Green and Co. 

Schofield, R.K., and A.W. Taylor, 1955. The measurement of soil pH. Soil Sci. Soc. 
Amer. Proc, 19: 186-191. 

Stevenson, F.J., 1965. Origin and distribution of nitrogen in soil. In: soil 
Nitrogen (W.V. Bartholomew and F.E. Clark, eds.). Amer. Soc. Agron. Mon. No. 
10. Madison, Wisconsin, p. 1-42. 



- 75 - 

Tamm, CO., 1977. Acid precipitation and forest soils. Water, Air, and Soil 
Pollution, 7(3): 367-369. 

Tamm, CO., 1976. Acid precipitation: Biological effects in soil and on forest 
vegetation. AMBIO, 5: 235-238. 

Tamm, CO., and T. Troedsson, 1957. A new method for the study of water movement in 
soil. Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar, 79: 581-587. 

Turner, R.C, and J.S. Clark, 1964. Lime potential and degree of base saturation 
of soils. Soil Sci., 99: 194-199. 

Turner, R.C, W.E. Nichol, and S.E. Brydon, 1963. A study of the lime potentials: 
3. Soil. Sci., 95: 186-191. 

Tyler, G., 1972. Heavy metals pollute nature, may reduce productivity. AMBIO, 1: 
52-59. 

Walker, D.A., and P.J. Webber, 1979. Relationships of soil acidity and air tempera- 
ture to the wind and vegetation at Prudhoc Bay, Alaska. Arctic 32(3): 224-236. 

Warcup, J.H., 1951. The ecology of soil fungi. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc, 34: 
376-399. 

Weber, D.E., and J.J. Lee, 1977. The effects of acid precipitation on plants and 
soils. EPA Staff Presentation given at Portland, OR and Research Triangle, 
Pk., NC, 1977. 

Weiss, H.V., M. Kiode, and E.D. Goldberg, 1971. Mercury in the Greenland ice sheet: 
evidence of recent input by man. Science, 174: 692-94. 

Wiklander, L. 1978. Leaching and acidification of soils. In: Electric Power Re- 
search Institute (EPRI)/Control Electricity Research Laboratories (CERL) 
Workshop on Effects of Acid Precipitation. Gatehouse-of-fleet, Scotland, Sept. 

Wiklander, L., 1975. The role of neutral salts in the ion exchange between acid 
precipitation and the soil. Geoderraa, 14, p. 93. 

Wiklander, L., 1974. Leaching of plant nutrients in soils. 1. General Principles. 
Acto Agriculturae Scandinavica, 24: 349-356. 

Wiklander, L., 1973. The acidification of soil by acid precipitation. Grundfor- 
battring, 26: 155-164. 



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6.2 Vegetation and Forests 

Abrahamsen, G., R. Hornvedt, and G. Tveite, 1975. Impact of acid precipitation on 
coniferous forest ecosystems. Research Report 2, Acid Precipitation — Effects 
on Forests and Fish. Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Aas, Norway. 

Abrahamsen, G., et al., 1976. Effects of acid precipitation on coniferous forest. 
Pp. 37-63. In: F.H. Braekke (ed.), Research Report FR-6. SNSF Project, NISK, 
Aas, Norway. 

Alberta. Environment Conservation Authority, 1972. Environmental effects of the 
operation of sulphur extraction gas plants in Alberta: report and recommenda- 
tions. Edmonton. 

Alberta. Environment Conservation Authority, 1972. Part II. Proceedings of the 
public hearings. 

Beckerson, D.W., and G. Hofstra, 1979. Response of leaf diffusive resistance of 
radish, cucumber and soybean to O3 and SO2 or in combination. Atmos. 
Enyir., 13: 1263-1268. 

Bell, J.N.B., and W.S. Clough, 1973. Depression of yield in ryegrass exposed to 
S0 2 . Nature (London), 241: 47. 

Benedict, H.M., C.J. Miller, and R.E. Olson, 1971. Economic impact of air pollut- 
ants on plants in the United States. Final Report on Project LSD-1056. 
Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, Ca. 77 pp. 

Bennett, J.H., and A.C. Hill, 1973« Inhibition of apparent photosynthesis by air 
pollution. J. Environ. Qual., 2: 4. 

Berry, C.R., and L.A. Ripperton, 1963. Ozone, a possible cause of white pine emer- 
gence tipburn. Phytopathology, 53: 552-557. 

Blauel, R.A., and D. Hocking, 1974. Air pollution and forest decline near a nickel 
smelter, the Thompson, Manitoba, smoke easement survey, 1972-74. Info. Rep. 
NOR-X-115. North For. Res. Center., 39 pp. 

Bleasdale, J.K.A., 1972. Effects of coal-smoke pollution gases on the growth of 
ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Environ. Pollut., 5: 275. 

Bormann, F.H., and G.E. Likens, 1979* Pattern and process in a forested ecosystem. 
New York: Springer-Verlag. 253 pp. 

Braekke, F.H., 1976. Impact of acid precipitation on forest and freshwater eco- 
systems in Norway. Research Report No. 6. Summary Report on SNSF Project. 
Aas, Norway, 111 p. 

Central Electricity Research Laboratories, 1978. Ecological effects of acid preci- 
pitation. Report of a workshop held at Gatehouse-of-Fleet, Galloway, Sept. 
4-7. EPRI SOA 77-403, July. 






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Charles, D., R. Booth, R. Craigh et al., 1975. Acid rain in the Adirondacks — posi- 
tion of the Adirondack Park Agency on acid precipitation and its effects on the 
Adirondack Park. A. P. A. Ray brook, New York, 59 PP» 

Chiba, 0., and K. Tanaka, 1968. The effect of sulfur dioxide on the development of 
pine needle blight caused by Rhizosphaera (1). J. Jap. Forestry Soc, 50: 
135-139. 

Chilcote, D.O., 1975. The role of plant in removal of air pollutants. In: The 
Role of Plants in Environmental Purification, Environmental Health Sciences 
Center, OSU, Corvallis, Oregon. 23-29. 

Cogbill, C.V., 1977. The effect of acid precipitation on tree growth in eastern 
North America. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 8: 89-93. 

Cogbill, C.V., 1975. Acid precipitation and forest growth in the eastern United 
States. M.S. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, N,Y., 62 p. 

Cole, D.W., and D.W. Johnson, 1974. The effect of pollution-induced acidic precipi- 
tation on cation leaching in a Douglas fir ecosystem. Presented at the 55th 
Annual Meeting of the American Geophysical Union. 

Cormis, L., 1973. Effects of sulphurous air pollution of the vegetation. Ann. 
Mines, 1*4: 23. 

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Glass, N.R., and D. Tingey, 1975. Effects of air pollution on ecological processes. 
In: Radiation Research: Biomedical, Chemical, and Physical Perspectives. Ed. 
Nygaard, Adler, and Sinclair. Academic Press. 

Glass, Norman R., Gene E. Likens and Lean. S. Dochinger, 1978. The ecological 

effects of atmospheric deposition. EPA, ORD Decision Series, Energy/Environment 
III, EPA-600/9-78-022, October. 

Johnels, Alf, Germand Tyler and Torbjorn Westerraark, 1979. A history of mercury 
levels in Swedish fauna. AMBIO, 8(4): 160-168. 

Jordan, P. A., et al., 1974. Sodium as a critical nutrient for the moose of Isle 
Royale. N. Am. Moose Conf. Workshop, 9: 13-42. 

Katz, M., 1968. The biological and ecological effects of acid mine drainage with 
particular emphasis to the Appalachian region streams. Appalachian Regional 
Commission, Washington, D.C. 

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1974. Mercury and the envir- 
onment. Paris: OECD. 

Schofield, C.L., 1975. Acid precipitation: our understanding of the ecological 

effects. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Emerging Environmental Problems: 
Acid Precipitation. May, Rensselaerville, New York, EPA-902/9-75-001. U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency Region II. New York, 115 p. 

Wood, M.J. (Ed.)., 1979. Ecological effects of acid precipitation. Report of a 
workshop held at Gatehouse-of-Fleet , Galloway, Sept., EPRI SOA77-403. Central 
Elec. Research Laboratories, Leather Lead, Surrey, England. Prepared for: 
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto., Calif. 



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7. HEALTH EFFECTS 

Amdur, M.O., et al., 1972. Toxicology of atmospheric sulfur dioxide decay products. 
Publication No. AP-11, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

Anderson, J., et al., 1974. Human response to controlled levels of sulfur dioxide. 
Arch. Environ. Health, 28: 31. 

Aubry, Francine, Graham W. Gibbs, and Margaret R. Becklake, 1979. Air pollution 
and health in three urban communities. Arch. Environ. Health, Sept/Oct, pp. 
360-368. 

Avol, E., et al., 1978. Aerosol characterization and health effects of ammonium 
sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, and sulfuric acid aerosols in controlled human 
exposures. Presented at 71st Annual Meeting, Air-Poll. Contr. Houston, Texas. 

Bates, D.V., and M. Hazucha, 1974. The effects of low levels of SO2 and ozone 
in the same atmosphere on human pulmonary function. In: Int. Symp. Proc. 
"Recent advances in the assessment of the health effects of environmental 
pollution." Paris Vol. IV: 1977. 

Bedi, John F., et al., 1979., Human exposure to sulfur dioxide and ozone: absence 
of a synergistic effect. Arch. Envir. Health, July/Aug. , pp. 233-239. 

Bierenbaum, M.L., 1976. Drinking water and heart disease. Chemtechnology, 
p. 314-315. 

Buechley, R.W., et al., 1973. SO2 levels and perturbations in mortality: a 

study in the New York-New Jersey Metropolis. Arch. Environ. Health, 27: 134. 

Carnow, B.W., and Paul Meier, 1973. Air pollution and pulmonary cancer. Arch. 
Environ. Health, 27: 207-218. 

Carnow, R.W., et al., 1969. Chicago air pollution study: SO2 levels and acute 
illness in patients with chronic broncho-pulmonary disease. Arch. Environ. 
Health, 18: 768-776. 

Coffin, D.L., and J.H. Knelson, 1976. Acid precipitation: effects of sulfur 
dioxide and sulfate aerosol particles on human health. AMBIO, 5 (5.6): 
239-242. 

Colucci, A. V., 1977. Current status of knowledge relative to the health effects of 
SO2, pp. 109-121. In: Proc. of Alberta Sulphur Gas Research Workshop III. 
Alberta Inst, of Pedology. Alberta Environment Research Secretariat. 

Ferenbough, R.W., 1975. Acid rain: biological effects and implications. Environ- 
mental Affairs, 4: 745-758. 

Ferris, B.G., et al., 1973. Sulfur oxides and suspended particulates: possible 
effects of chronic exposure. Arch. Environ. Health, 27: 129. 



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Fishelson, G. and Philip Graves, 1978. Air pollution and morbidity: S0 2 damages. 
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Assoc, 28(8): 785-789. 

French, Jean G., et al., 1973. The effect of sulfur dioxide and suspended sulfates 
on acute respiratory disease. Arch. Environ. Health, 27: 129-133. 

Fuhs, G.W., 1979. Acid precipitation effects on drinking water in the Adirondack 
Mountains of New York state. State of New York, Dept. of Health Technical 
Memorandum. 

Hardy, E.P., Jr., 1978. Environmental Quarterly, October l. (EML-344, UC-11) 

Environmental Measurements Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, New York, NY 
10014. 

Hutchinson, T.C., and F.W. Collins, 1978. Effects of H + ion and Ca+2 on the tox- 
icity of metals in the environment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 25: 
47-52. 

Jacobs, P., 1979. Analyzing environmental health hazards. Environ. Sci. and Tech- 
nol., 13: 526-529. 

Lave, L.B., and E. Seskin, 1970. Air pollution and human health. Science, 169: 
723-733. 

Mendelsohn, R., and G. Orcutt, 1979. An empirical analysis of air pollution dose- 
response curve. J. Envir. Economics and Mgt., 6: 85-106. 

Proceedings of the Seminar on Pollution Control and Environmental Health, 1979. Pol- 
lution Control Assoc, of Ontario and Ontario Ministry of the Environment, May 
17. 

Schimmel, H., and T.J. Murawski, 1976. The relation of air pollution to mortality. 
J. Occupat. Med., 18: 316-333. (deals with S0 2 pollution, standards - 
emphasis on urban centres such as New York.) 

Spengler, John D., 1979. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide levels inside and 
outside homes and the implications on health effects research. Envir. Sci. & 
Technology, 13: (10): 1276-1280. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1974. Health consequences of sulfur oxides. 
A report from CHESS 1970-1971. EPA-650/1-74-004, Research Triangle Pk. , NC. 

Wallace, R.A., et al., 1971. Mercury in the environment — the human element. Oak 
Ridges Nat. Lab. EP1. 



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8. MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES EFFECTS 

Gillette, Donald G. f 1975. Sulfur dioxide and material damage. J. Air Poll. 
Control Assoc, Vol. 25 (12): 1238-1243. 

Kucera, V., 1976. Effects of sulfur dioxide and acid precipitation on metals and 
anti-rust painted steel. AMBIO, 5 (5-6): 243-2M8. 

Nriagu, J.O., 1978. Deteriorative effects of sulfur pollution on materials. In: 
Nriagu, J.O., ed., Sulfur in the Environment, Part II. Ecological Impacts. 
New York, John Wiley & Sons. 

Tapper, L., and V. Kucera, 1975. Effects of atmospheric sulfur pollutants on his- 
torical buildings of sandstone and limestone in Sweden. In: Sweden's case 
study: Air pollution across national boundaries, B. Boolin, ed. 

Walsh, M., A. Black, and A. Morgan, 1977. Sorption of SO2 by typical indoor sur- 
faces including wool carpets, wallpaper and paint. Atmos. Envir. , 11: 
1107-1111. 



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9. VISIBILITY AND ARCTIC HAZE 

Barnes, R.A., and D.O. Lee, 1978. Visibility in London and the long distance 
transport of atmospheric sulphur. Atm. Env., 12: 791. 

Garland, J. A., J.R. Branson, and L.C. Cox, 1973. Study of the contribution of pol- 
lution to visibility in a radiation fog. Atm. Env., 7: 1079-1092. 

Kerr, Richard A., 1979. Global pollution: is the Arctic haze actually industrial 
smog? Science, 205 (4403): 290-293. 

Leaderer, Brian, P., et al., 1979. Relationship between sulfate aerosol and visi- 
bility. J. of APCA, 29 (2): 154-156. 

Mitchell, M. , 1956. Visual range in the polar regions with particular reference to 
the Alaskan Arctic. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., Special Supplement, pp. 195-211. 

Munn, R.E., 1973. Secular increases in summer haziness in the Atlantic provinces. 
Atmosphere, 11: 156-161. 

Rahn, Kenneth, A., and Richard J. MacCaffrey, 1979. Long range transport of pollu- 
tion aerosol to the Arctic: a problem without borders. Proceedings, WMO 
Symposium on the long range transport of pollutants, Bulgaria, Oct. 1-5, p. 
25-35. 

Rahn, K.A., and R.J. MacCaffrey, 1979. On the origin and transport of the winter 
Arctic aerosol. Presented at the conference on Aerosols: Anthropogenic and 
Natural — Sources and Transport, Jan. 9-12. New York Academy of Sciences, N.Y. 

Rahn, K.A., R.D. Borys, and G.E. Shaw, 1978. Arctic air-sampling network. Arctic 
Bull., 2, 342-346. 

Rahn, K.A., R.D. Borys, and G.E. Shaw, 1977. The Asian source of Arctic haze bands. 
Nature, 268, 713-715. 

Samson, P.J., and K.W. Ragland, 1977. Ozone and visibility reduction in the mid 
west: evidence for large-scale transport. J. of Appl. Meteorology, 16: 
1101-1106. 

Trijonis, J., and K. Yuan, 1977. Visibility in the southwest. TSC-PD-B562-1, Santa 
Monica, Ca.: Technology Service Corp. 

Trijonis, J., and K. Yuan, 1978. Visibility in the Northeast. Technol. Service 
Corp. Report U.S. EPA, Grant 802815, Santa Monica, Ca., 85 p. 

Vickers, G.G., and R.E. Munn, 1977. Canadian Haze Climatology. Climatic Change, 
1, 97-103. 

White, W.A., 1976. Reduction of visibility by sulphates in photochemical smog. 
Nature, 254: 735. 



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10. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGY 

Bronin, B.N., 1979. The principle of siting the control stations in long range 
transport of air pollutants. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 79-84. 

Cheney, Jim L., and James B. Homolya, 1979. Sampling parameters for sulfates 
measurement and characterization. Envir. Sci. & Tech. 13 (5): 584-588. 

Evans, L.S., 1979. A plant developmental system to measure the impact of pollu- 
tants in rain water. Jour, of Air Pollut. Control Assoc, 29 (11): 1145-1148. 

Hansen, L.D., et al. f 1979. Determination of arsenic and sulfur species in environ- 
mental samples by ion chromatography. Analytic Chem. , 51 (6), 663. 

Hazrati, A.M., 1979. The use of metal films in studying sulfuric acid droplets in 
the atmosphere. J. of Air Pollut. Control 29 (4): 372-377. 

Klockow, D., et al., 1979. Possible artifacts in filter sampling of atmospheric 
sulfuric acid and acidic sulfates. Atmos. Envir., 13: 1665-1676. 

Laird, A., and Rachel and Richard w. Miksad, 1979. An application of a pseudo- 
second order SO2 reaction algorithm to urban air pollution modeling. J. of 
Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 29 (2): 147-152. 

Liljestrand, Howard M. , and J.J. Morgan, 1979. Error analysis applied to indirect 
methods for precipitation acidity. Tellus, 31: 421-431. 

The Mitre Corporation, 1979. An integrated five-year research plan (FY79-83) for 
EPA's atmospheric acid deposition program. Environmental Protection Agency, 
Office of Research and Development. 

Ottmers, D.M., et al., 1979. Instruments for environmental monitoring. Chemical 
Engineering, Deskbook issue, Oct. 15., pp. 85-96. 

Pack, D.H., ed., 1979. Proceedings: Advisory workshop to identify research needs 
on the formation of acid precipitation. Electric Power Research Institute, 
EA-1074, Special Study Project, WS-78-98. Workshop Report, May. 

Proceedings of the Symposium on Ion Chromatographic analysis of environmental 
pollutants, 1977. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, 
N.C., April 28. 

Salmon, L., et al., 1978. Retrospective trend analysis of the content of U.K. air 
particulate material, 1957-1974. Sci. Total Environ., 9: 161. 

Sanderson, Marie, and P.D. LaValle, 1979. Surface loading from pollutants in preci- 
pitation in southern Ontario: some climatic and statistical aspects. J. Great 
Lakes Res., 5 (1): 52-60. 



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Sisterson, D.L., and J.D. Shannon, 1979. The diagnostic atmospheric cross-section 
experiment (DACSE-1) of MAP3S:1-10, August, 1977. Part II: Regional transport 
of pollutants. ANL/RER-78-2, Argonne National Laboratory, April. 

Tanner, R.L., et al . , 1980. Determination of ambient aerosol sulfur using a con- 
tinuous flame photometric detection system. I. Sampling system for aerosol 
sulfate and sulfuric acid. Atmos. Envir. 14: 121-127. 

Wetzel, Roy, 1979* Ion chromatography: further applications. Envir. Sci. & Tech., 
13 (10): 1214-17. 



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11. MISCELLANEOUS 

Report of the International Conference on the effects of acid precipitation in 
Telemark, Norway, 1976. AMBIO, 5: 200-252. 

Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and Environment, 1978. An annotated bibliography of 
Canadian air pollution literature. Supplement, EPS-3-AP-77-1. May. 

Fowle, C. David and Ralph K. Baehre, 1979. A bibliography on acid rain. Federation 
of Ontario Naturalists, 335 Lesmill Road, Don Mills, Ont. , October, 27 pp. 

Smith, S.B., ed., et al., 1979. Alberta oil sands environmental research program 
interim report covering the period April 1975 to November 1978. 101 pp. 

U.S. Institute of Ecology, 1979. Programs to examine ecological effects (Federal 
acid rain assessment program) , from a report prepared by the National 
Atmospheric Deposition Program. 

Proceedings of the Air Pollution Meteorology and Environmental Assessment, 

Workshop, 1979. Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Ontario, May 7-10. 

Proceedings of the air quality criteria workshop, 1978. Atmospheric Environment 
Service, Downsview, Ontario, Jan. 17-19. 



2 A bibliography : the long-range 

5862.2 transport of air pollutants and 
C36 ac| dic precipitation / 

6481