,i2555s8)4185-S-87
BIBLIOTHECA CHE MIC A
THIS CATALOGUE OF CHEMICAL BOOKS HAS BEEN PRINTED FOR
PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION BY HIS FAMILY, IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THE INSTRUCTIONS OF THE LATE
JAMES YOUNG, ESQ.
t^AZ^Ms&S
yv
UNIVERSITY
or
CATALOGUE
L. v. L. (C).
Chymischer Catechismus.
See DREY curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften, 1723, p. 21.
See DREY curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften, 1733, P- 2I-
L. (C. C.) i.e. Conrad Cunrath, Lipsensis.
See KHUNRATH (CONRAD).
L. (F. C).
Sammlung achthundert und sieben und funfzig chymischer Experimente einer
Gesellschaft in dem Ertzgebiirge, darinnen alle die Erscheinungen, welche
man bey chymischer Bearbeitung verschiedener Korper wahrgenommen,
treu und aufrichtig angezeiget werden, nebst einer Vorrede begleitet von
Herrn D. E. G. Kurella. Berlin, zu finden bey Gottl. Aug. Lange. 1759.
8°. Pp. [8] 1-160 [2] 161-404. 2 pp. advertisements. The interpolated two pages
form the title of Part III.
This is a collection of six tracts, paged continuously, but issued with separate title-pages, signatures
and dates from 1753 to 1759. See the note under KURKI.LA.
L. H. J. V. H. J. D.
See ORVIUS (LUDWIG CONRAD).
L. (J.).
See LANGE (JOHANN).
L. (J. C).
See TOLL (JACOB), 1753.
L. M. S.
See SCHMUCK (MARTIN), De Occulta Magico-Magnetica Morborum . . .
Curatione, 1652.
L. (T. P. G.).
See ERBINAUS von Brandau (Matthaus).
II. A
LAAZ—LACINIUS
LAAZ (JOHANN VON).
See LASNIORO (JOANNES DE).
LA BOB SYLVIUS (FRANCISCUS DE).
See SYLVIUS (FRANCISCUS DE LA BOK).
LA BROSSE.
Tractatulus accuratissimus de Compositione Sulphuris et Menstrui vegetabilis,
seu Auro Potabili secundum intentionem Raymundi Lullii. Magnati cuidam
Anno 1545. per celeberrimum Medicum et Philosophum Gallum Dela Brosse
dedicatus.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 288.
This cannot be Guy de la Brosse, born at Rouen Mangel speaks of Guido de la Brosse ' Medicus
about 1550 (or later), physician of Louis XIII., Rotomagensis,' author of a tract on the plague, in
who founded the Jardin des Plantes, was devoted French and in Latin, ' Paris ches Jeremie et
to botany, and died in 1641. Yet there is no Christoph Periers,' but without date (1623), who,
other ' celeberrimus medicus ' of that name men- of course, is the same person. Ladrague calls the
tioned. Nor does it facilitate identification to present writer Joannes, but by what authority he
assume that the given date, 1545, is a misprint for does not state.
1645, because by that year La Brosse was dead.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1777, »•
1731, i. p. 479. p. 515.
Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi- Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. p. 145.
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 450. Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 440; 25), ii. p. 540.
1772, ii. p. 680. Biograplnt Uni-verselle, 1843, v. p. 614.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la M<<decine, Lebreton, Biographic Normande, 1858, ii. p. 316.
1778, i. p. 456. Nouvelle Biographic Gtnerale, 1863, vii. col. 505.
LABYRINTH.
See LEITUNGSFADEN (Der) zu dem Chymischen . . . Labyrinth, 1691.
LACINI (GIOVANNI).
See LACINIUS (JANUS).
LACINIUS (JANUS).
Pretiosa Margarita Novella De Thesauro, Ac Pretiosissimo Philosophorum
Lapide. Artis huius diuinse Typus, & Methodus : Collectanea ex Arnaldo,
Rhaymundo, Rhasi, Alberto, & Michaele Scoto; per lanum Lacinium
Calabrum nunc primum, cum lucupletissimo (sic) indice, in lucem edita.
Cum priuilegio Pauli III. Pont. Max. & Senatus Veneti ad annos decem
M.D.XLVI.
8°. Ff. [20] 202. Tabula, Errata, Registrum, and Colophon, and Aldus' device
[14], 22 woodcuts. The anchor is on the title-page, and on the verso of the last leaf.
The colophon, on the verso of the last leaf but one, runs : Venetiis, Apud Aldi Filios,
M.D.XXXXVI.
Colloquium nuncupatorium, interloquutores Bo- Epistola sive Epitome Raymundi Lulli, f. 160.
nus et Lacinius, * iiij. verso. Collectanea Lacinii sive breuia excerpta ex libro
Pretiosa Margarita Novella ex concordantijs luminis luminum Rhasis, f. 167.
sapientum collecta, . . . Petro Bono Ferrariensi Collectanea Lacinii ex Alberto Magno atque diuo
autore, f. i. Thoma alijsc}; autoribus, f. 180.
Epistola Boni Ferrariensis, f. 132. Quaestio Curiosa de Natura Solis et Lunae ex
Collectanea Lacinii ex Arnaldo de Villa Nouaqure Michaele Scoto, f. 195.
practica? compositionem lapidis philosophorum
continent & exquisite decent, f. 136.
Pretiosa Margarita, oder Neu-erfundene kostliche Perle, von dem unvergleich-
lichen Schatz und hochst-kostbahren Stein der Weisen, in sich haltend den
LACINIUS—LAGARA YE
LACINIUS (JANUS). Continued.
eigendlichen Grund-Rifs und Lehr-Arth dieser Gottlichen Kunst : ingleichen
andere aus dem Arnoldo, Rhaimundo, Rhasi, Alberto und Michaele Scoto
zusammen gelesene Schrifften, durch Janum Lacinium aus Calabria zum
erstenmahl in Lateinischer Sprache, mit Freyheit Pabsts Pauli Tertii und des
Raths zu Venedig, Anno 1546. heraus gegeben, Anietzo aber um seiner
Fiirtrefflichkeit Willen in das Teutsche iibersetzet und ans Licht gestellet, von
\Volffgang Georg Stollen, Liebhabern der edlen Chymie. Nebst einem voll-
standigen Register. Leipzig, verlegts Johann Friedrich Braun, 1714.
4°. Pp. [24] 468. Innhalt [36]. Title red and black. Frontispiece included in
the pagination, 23 illustrations in the text. Vignette with the motto : Dies diem docet.
Zueignungs-Gespriiche zwischen den Bonum und
Lacinium, p. 5.
Neu-erfundene kostbare Perl . . . ans Licht
gestellet durch Petrum Bonum, p. 41.
Brief des Boni Ferrariensis, p. 323.
Collectanea Lacinii aus Arnaldo de Villa Nova,
\velche die Composition des Steins der Weisen in
sich begreiffen und richtig lehren, p. 331.
Brief oder kurtzer Begriff des Raynmndi Lulli,
P- 379-
Collectanea Lacinii oder kurtze Excerpta aus
dem Buche Rhasis, Lumen Luminum genannt,
P- 394-
Collectanea Lacinii aus Alberto Magno, dem
heiligen Thoma, und andern Autoribus, p. 420.
Eine curiose Frage von der Natur Solis und
Luna:, aus Michaele Scoto, p. 452.
Colloquium nuncupatorium interloquutores Bonus et Lacinius.
See GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLPH), De Tribus Lapidibus Ignium Secretorum,
1703, pp. 80-96.
This is a reprint of the introductory dialogue in the Pretiosa Margarita Novella.
Toppi says that Lacinius was a Calabrian whose
work was printed by Aldus in 1546 and again by
Gabriel Hayn at Nuremberg, 1554, 4°. This last
book has the following title : Praeciosa ac nobilis-
sima artis Chymiae Collectanea de occultissimo ac
praeciosissimo Philosophorum lapide. Per lanum
Lacinium Calabrum Minoritam Theologorum mini-
mum. Nunc primum in lucem aedita cum totius
libelli capitum indice [Vignette]. Norimbergae apud
Gabrielem Hayn, loann. Petrei generum, M. D. LII 1 1.
4°, ff. [8, including a full-page woodcut] 124. It
contains collections in five books, the last of which
is a reproduction with modifications of ff. 160-194
in the Pretiosa Margarita Novella of 1546. The
Nazari, Delia tramulatione metallica sogni ire,
I599- P- MO-
Maier, Symbola Aurece Mensa-, 1617, p. 389.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 237.
Borel, Bibliotlieca Chimica, 1654, p. 131.
Toppi, Biblioteca Napoletana, 1678, p. 112.
Mercklin, Lindenius renavatus, 1686, p. 504.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 21, No. x.xvii.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 2.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hennttique, 1742, i. pp. 220, 470 ; iii. pp. 52, 199,
200.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, ii.
col. 2200 (from Toppi) ; Rptermund's Fortsettung,
1810, iii. col. 1024 (the editions ofVen., 1546, 8°,
and Norimb. , 1554, 4°).
Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 128.
work by Petrus Bonus, so called, was afterwards
issued under the following title : Introductio in
divinam Chemiae Artem integra Magistri Boni Lom-
bardi Ferrariensis Physici. Nunc primum integra
in lucem edita. . . . Basileae, apud Petrum Per-
nam, M.D.LXXII. 4°, pp. [7, i blank] 278.
[Index?] It claims therefore to be more complete
than the Aldine edition. The preface to Albertus,
Duke of Bavaria, was written by Toxites. This
book was reprinted : Montisbeligardi, apud laco-
bum Foillet, M.DC.II. 8°, pp. [20] 398 [12, 2
blank] ; and again : Argentorati, Impensis Lazari
Zetzneri Bibliop. M. DC. VIII. 8°, pp. [20] 398
[12, 2 blank]. See the notes to BONUS (PETRI/S).
Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
loqicus, 1761, p. 243.
Mazzuchelli, Gli Scrittori if Italia, 1762, II.
parte iii. p. 1637. (Mazzuchelli and Tiraboschi refer
to Lacinius in connection with PETRUS BONUS
(g.v.l)
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern CAemte, 1785,
P- 576.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic
der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. p. 30.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 55-
56, 158, 300.
Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana,
1807, V. i. p. 221.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p.
260.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 442 ;
1843, ii. p. 131 ; 1866, i. p. 467 ; 1869, ii. p. 126.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqf, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 865, 866.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 374.
LAGARAYE (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT MAROT) Comte de.
See MAROT (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT), Comte de La Garaye.
DAGNEA U— LAMARCK
L'AGNEAU (DAVID).
Harmonic Mystique, ou Accord des Philosophes Chymiques, auec les Scholies,
sur les plus difficiles passages des Autheurs y allegues, desquels les noms
sont e"s pages suyuantes. Le tout par Le Sr L'Agneau d'Aix en Prouence,
Conseiller & Medecin ordinaire du Roy. Traduit par le Sr Veillutil. Celuy
qui cognoist le consentement & accord des Philosophes, traictant de cette
partie, ioui'st d'un admirable contentement, & plusieurs sunt plustost menez
par opinion aueugle, que par 1'estude de la verite.
Turpe enim difficiles habere nugas,
Et vanus labor est ineptiarum.
A Paris, Chez Melchior Mondiere, en la Cour du Palais pres la Chapelle
Sainct Michel ioignant le bastiment neuf du Thresor. M. DC. XXXVI. Avec
Priuilege du Roy.
8°. [Pp. 20] 482. Table and privilege [14]. Engraved folding plate containing
two symbolical drawings. This copy wants six pages, containing list of authors
quoted, errata, and an epigram by Banier to Sr. Veillutil.
Azoth, ou le moyen de faire 1'Or cach6 des Philosophes . . . Reueu, . . . par
Mr. L'agneau Medecin.
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Azoth, 1659.
Harmonia seu Consensus Philosophorum Chemicorum.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 705.
The book of which the present is a translation L'Agneau or L'Aigneau, Lagneau or Laigneau,
was written in Latin with the following title : Lagneus, as he is styled, was a native of Aix in
Harmonia seu consensus Philosophorum Chimi- Provence, but the year of his birth is not given.
corum, magno cum studio et labore in ordinem He graduated at Montpellier, settled at Gre-
digestus, Paris, 1601 (?), 8° ; Ib. 1611, 12°. I have noble, and was entrusted with the examination
not seen the earlier edition. L'Agneau wrote a of the surgeons and apothecaries of Dauphin*5,
treatise on the preservation of health, Paris, 1624, He discharged this duty with so much ability that
1637, 4° ; and in the Biographic Abdicate is said his office was extended to all the provinces in the
to have translated into French the work of Basilius south of France. In 1610 he was invited to Paris
Valentinus called Les douze Clefs de la Philosophie, by Jt-an Heroard, chief physician of Louis XIII.,
Paris, 1659. That, however, does not appear in where he practised with success. In 1626 he was
the book itself, though it may be correct; but appointed by the King to inspect the leper hospitals
Basilius' treatise Azoth, which accompanies it, is throughout the kingdom. In the latter part of his
said to be ' reueu, corrigg & augmente par Mr. life he is said to have been fascinated by alchemy,
L'agneau Medecin ' but not translated. Eloy and to have left part of his fortune for alchemical
seems to doubt the identity of the alchemist and research. The year of his death is not recorded,
the following person.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine,
1637, p. 131. 1778, iii. p. 4.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 132, 245. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 241. p. 548.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 503.
1731, II. i. p. 8. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 1806-08, p. 107.
Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 55, 200. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 441. 25), i. p. 62.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 326. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, 359.
''• P- 534- Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 845, 1240, 1241.
LAMARCK QEAN BAPTISTE).
Memoires prdsentant les Bases d'une Nouvelle The'orie, Physique et Chimique,
fondee sur la consideration des molecules essentielles des composes, et sur
celle des trois e"tats principaux du feu dans la nature; servant en outre de
deVeloppement a 1'ouvrage intitule: Refutation de la Theorie Pneumatique.
LAMARCK— LA METHERIE
5
LAMARCK (JEAN BAPTISTE). Continued.
Lus a la premiere classe de 1'Institut National, dans ses stances ordinaires.
Par J.-B. Lamarck, membre de 1'Institut. A Paris, Chez 1'Auteur, au
Museum d'histoire naturelle. An V. de la Republique (1797, vieux style.)
8° Pp. 410 [2],
The work of which the above is a continuation is
entitled : Refutation de la thtorie pneumatique ou
la nourclle doctrine des chimistes modernes, Paris,
1796, 8°.
Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monnet, che-
valier de Lamarck, was born at Bazentin, D6p. dela
Sonime, i April, 1744. He rose to be keeper of
the Herbaria, and from 1792 Professor of Zoology
Biographie Universelle, no date, xxiii. p. 9.
Bi 'graphic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), v. pp. 483-489.
QueYard, La France littiraire, 1830, iv. p. 472.
10 Tables.
at the Museum of Natural History. He was a
member of the Old Academy and subsequently of
the I nstitute. For the last 17 years of his life he
was blind as the result of the smallpox. He died
at Paris, 18 Dec., 1829.
Though the work by which he is best known was
connected with botany and zoology, he wrote also
on physics and meteorology.
Nouvelle Biographie Ge'ne'rale, 1862, xxix. col.
55-
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1353.
LAMBSPRINGK.
De Lapide Philosophico Libellus.
See BARNAUD (NICOLAUS), Triga Chemica, 1599, p. u.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 765.
See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 337-
Nothing seems definitely known about this
alchemical poet. As he is styled in the title
' nobilis ' and ' der edle,' Maier is of opinion that
he was of noble birth, but Schmieder conjectures
that he may have belonged to the Benedictine
Abbey of Lammspring, near Hildesheim, so called
because the Lamm, a streamlet, has its source
within the abbey garden. I have not been able to
confirm this view. Still less evidence does he give
for his surmise that because his allegorical figures
Maier, Symbola A urece Afensce, 1617, p. 272.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 325.
Borel, Btbliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 132.
Mercklin, Lindcnius renovatus, 1686, p. 730.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 29, No. xxxxii.
Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsch.es Fegfeuer
der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 66.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicormn,
1731, II. i. p. 8.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 39, 47, 53.
resemble those of Flamel, the author pursued his
studies in Paris.
Maier recapitulates briefly the subjects of the
pictures, and rather commends the author, but
Borrichius thinks he has buried the secret, and
Fictuld says that it is almost impossible for the
ignorant to get even a little light from it.
His tract was printed in Latin in the earlier
editions of the Alusatum fJermeliciim, 1625, 1678,
p. 337, and in German in Dyas Chymica Tripartita,
1625, p. 83.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 103.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 66.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic
der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, p. 39.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 94.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p.
229.
L,a.d.r&g\iz,Bibliotheque Ouv aroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 981-2.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 311, 318.
LA METHERIE (JEAN CLAUDE DE).
See OBSERVATIONS sur la Physique,
La Me^herie was born at Clayette, in the Depart-
ment Maconnais, 4 Sept., 1743. He took the
degree of M.D., but did not practise, and
devoted himself to the study of science. In 1811
he was appointed Professor of Natural History at
the College de France, at Paris. He wrote largely
on physics, geology, mineralogy, &c., and edited
Biographie Universelle, no date, xxviii. p. 122.
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 263.
Querard, La France litteraire, 1830, iv. p. 495.
&C.
the journal above mentioned, first with Rozier,
1785-1794, then by himself till his death, when it
was taken up by Blainville and carried on to
T. xcvi. 1823. In it he printed many of his papers,
and gave yearly reports on the progress of science.
He died at Paris, i July, 1817.
Nouvelle Biographie Gentrale, 1862, xxix. col.
209.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1360.
LAM 0 TTE—LA NDENBERGER
LAMOTTE.
See BESTUSCHEFSCHE (Die) . . . Stahltinktur.
This preparation also went by the name of ' Lamotte's drops.'
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 347 ; Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 149.
1799, iii. p. 790.
LAMPE des Lebens und Todes.
See ANZEIGENDE und warhafftig bezeugende Ampel oder Lampe des Lebens und
Todes, 1682.
LANCILOTTI (CARLO).
Opuscoli Diversi del Lancillotti, cioe',
L' Interprete Chimico.
II Trionfo del Mercuric.
II Chimico Disuellato con aggiunta.
II Giardino di vaghi Fiori Medicinali.
In Modona, Per il Sogliani Stampatore Ducale. Con licenza de' Superiori.
12°. Pp. [2] 108, 67 [5] ; 81 [3 blank] ; 142 [2 blank].
Each tract has a title-page, of an elaborate clinico composto di regulo d 'Antimonio, Bologna,
explanatory character, with a dedication and the 1683, 12°.
date M.DC.LXXVII. Rotermund quotes them as follows: Pharma-
Haller quotes an edition of the Trionfo del ceutica rationale overo Trionfo del? Antimonio, et
mercurio, Modena, 1683, 12°, and also Trionfo Pharmaceutica Mercuriale, overo Trionfo del
dell' Antimonio, Ibid. 1683, 12°, and Modo di Mercurio. In Modena, 1683.
adoprar la tazza purgativa perpetua o sia calice
Der brennende Salamander, oder Zerlegung, der zu der Chimie gehorigen
Materien, so da ist ein Wegweiser oder Unterricht, sich in alien Arbeiten
der Scheid-Kunst zu iiben : Benebenst dem auffgeweckten Chimisten, sarnt
beygefiigter Anleitung von Erwehlung des Vitriols : In Druck gegeben durch
Carl Lancilot, Medicum und Chimicum, erst aus den Italianischen ins
Hollandische : Nun aber aus der Hollandischen in die Hochteutsche Sprache
iibersetzet durch J. L. M. C. Zum andernmal wieder auffgelegt. Liibeck,
In Verlegung Johann Wiedemeyers, 1697.
8°. Pp. 353 [n], 4 plates of apparatus. Title red and black.
Gmelin quotes : Guida alia Chimica, Modena, I have not seen, but only that of 1681 and the
1672 and 1679, 12° ; Nuova Guida alia Chimica, present one, 1697. According to Gmelin's trans-
Venezia, 1677, 8°- Translated into Dutch : De cription (ii. p. 21) the name of the translator,
brandende Salamander, Amsterdam, 1680, 8°, pp. Johann Lange, appears in full in the first edition,
[16] [16, plates of apparatus and descriptions] 1-90 but without the letters M. C. , but elsewhere (p.
[10] 97-286; [4] 38 [12], and then into German, Der 227) he gives the translator's initials, though
brennende Salamander, Frankfurt a. M., 1681, 8°. inaccurately, as ' I. L. M. O,' instead of I. L.
There is mention of editions of Frankfurt, 1682, M. C.
1684 and 1687, 8°, and Liibben, 1694, 8°, which
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheccz metallicce, mund's Fortsetzung tend Ergdnzungen, 1810, iii.
1732, p. 87. col. 1141.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p.
Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 200, 201. 465.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1779, iii. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 284,
p. 601. 330 ; 1869, ii. pp. 275, 322.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 21, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
227, 268. Secretes, 1870, No. 1092.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten lexicon ; Roter- Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 380.
LANDENBERGER (RUDOLPH).
See GESNER (CONRAD), Kostlicher Artzneyschatz, 1608.
LANGE 7
LANGE (JOHANN).
Chymisches Zwey-Blat, das 1st zwey vortreffliche Chymische Tractatlein : Das
erste, Eroffneter Eingang zu defs Konigs verschlossenem Tallaste Anonymi
Philalethae. Das ander, von dem Stein der Weisen, wie man den recht
bereiten soil, Fratris Ferrarii Monachi. Beyde zum ersten mahl ins Teutsch
iibersetzet von Johann Langen. Franckfurt und Hamburg, In Verlegung
Christian Guths, Buchh. Druckts Johann Gorlin. M DC LXXIV.
8°. Pp. 94 [2] 72. Title red and black.
Rotermund quotes an edition of Hamburg, 1672.
[Another Copy.]
8°. Pp. 94. Title red and black. The book is cropped and the date cut off, and
it wants Ferrarius' tract.
Des Hochgelehrten Philalethae und anderer auserlesene Chymische Tractatlein
genannt
1. Erofneter Eingang zu des Konigs verschlossenen Pallast.
2. Von dem Stein der Weisen, und wie man den recht bereiten solle
Fratris Ferrarii Monachi, geschrieben an Ihro Pabstliche HeiligkeiL
3. Von Verwandlung der Metallen.
4. Von dem Stein der Weisen und seinen Geheimniissen.
5. Brunnen der Chymischen Wissenschaft'ten.
6. Wigands vom rothen Schild, Tractat die Herrlichkeit der Welt.
Denen Liebhabern der wahren Hermetischen Weisheit zu sonderbahren
Gefallen ins Teutsche iibersetzet von Johann Langen. Nun auf oftmahliges
Verlangen zum Druck befordert. Verlegts, Joh. Paul Kraufs, Kayser- und
Konigl. privilegirter Niederlags-Verwandter Buchhandler in Wienn. 1748.
8°. Pp. [1-8] 9-358. Title red and black.
[Another issue, dated 1749.]
8°. Pp. [1-8] 9-358 [2 pp. advert.]. Title red and black.
See PHILALETHA, Introitus Apertus ad occlusum Regis Palatium, 1667.
See WUNDERLICHEN (Die) Begebenheiten defs unbekandten Philosophi in Such-
und Findung defs Steins der Weisen, 1673.
See BARBA (ALBARO ALONSO), -Berg-Buchlein, 1676.
See KELLEY (EDWARD), Tractatus duo, 1676.
See MEURDRAC (MARIE), Die mitleidende und leichte Chymie, 1676.
See DIGBY (KENELM), Aufserlesene, seltzame philosophische Geheimniisse, 1684.
See PHILALETHA, Commentarius in Epistolam Georgii Riplaei, 1685.
See PHILALETHA (iREN^EUS PHlLOPONUs), Kern der Alchymie, 1685.
See PHILALETHA (cvRENJEUS), Erklarung iiber die Sechs Chymischen Pforten
. . . Georgii Riplasi, 1689.
See KINDER-BETT des Steins der Weisen 1692.
See COLSON (LANCELOT), Philosophia Maturata, 1696.
See LANCILOTTI (CARLO), Der brennende Salamander,
See NICOLS (THOMAS), Beschreibung der Steine, 1734.
See FLAMEL (NICOLAS), Chymische Werke, 1751.
LANCE— LANGELO TT
LANGE (JOHANN). Continued.
According to one account Lange was from
Silesia and was ' Pfalzischer Leibarzt,' but Jocher
says he was ' Candidatus Medicincc ' and practi-
tioner at Hamburg, and that nothing is known of
his life except that he was alive in 1695, and that
he maintained himself by translating into German
a large number of works, sometimes with, at
other times without his name, or with the initials
J. L., or J. L. M[edicinoe] C[andidatus], or the
pseudonym Hippodamus or Hoppodamus, where-
with he has been credited. The list of them given
by him has been made more precise by Rotermund,
who has added the place, date, and size of each,
and says that Lange was still alive in 1696. Many
of his translations are from English, with which he
seems to have been familiar, but others imply that
he was acquainted with Latin, French, Dutch, and
possibly Spanish and Italian. The translations
include works by Bunyan (Pilgrim's Progress, 1685),
Bekker's World bewitched, sermons, religious
and moral treatises, works on medicine, £c. , &c. ,
besides a considerable proportion on chemistry and
alchemy. The following is a list of these as given
by Rotermund. One to which a query is attached
seems doubtful as to whether it is about alchemy or
not. Some of the titles are expanded from Jocher
and from actual copies.
Philalethae introitus apertus ad occlusum regis
palatium, Amstelod. 1667, in 8 (edited by J. L.).
Chymisches Zweyblatt, Hamburg, 1672, 8.
Wunderliche Begebenheiten eines Philosophi in
Suchung und Findung des Steins der Weisen,
Hamburg, 1673 and 1690, 8.
Zwey chymische Tractatlein Philalethae und
Ferrarii, Hamb. 1673, 8.
Von Verwandlung der Metalle, Hamburg, 1675, 8.
Edv. Bolnesti aurora chymica, Hamburg, 1675,
8 (edited by J. L.).
Guil. Klarkii historia naturalis nitri, Ib. 1675, 8
(edited by J. L.).
Thorn. Nicols Edelsteinbiichlein, Ebend. 1675, 8.
J. Maria Meurdrac mitleidende und leichte
Chymie, Frankfurt, 1676, 8.
Alvaro AlonsoBarbaBergbiichlein, Hamb. 1676,8.
Edv. Kellaeus de lapide philosophorum, Ibid.
1676, 8 (edited by J. L.).
F. Bas. Valentin! chymischeSchriften, Eb. 1677, 8.
Nicl. Flamelli chymische Werke, Ebendas, 1681,8.
Rob. Boylen liiftige Noctiluca, Ebendas, 1682, 8.
Corn. Lancilotti brennender Salamander, Frank-
furt, 1682, 8.
Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 42.
Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. p. 441.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii.
col. 2252 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdn-
zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1216.
Arnoldi de Villanova chymische Schriften,
Ebend. und Hamb. 1683, 8.
Mich. Sendigovii (sic) Leben, Hamb. 1683, 12.
Kenelmy (sic) Digby Geheimnisse, Ebend. 1684,
in 8.
Beschreibung der Coffy, The'e, Chocolate und
Tobacks, Ebend. 1684, 12.
Entwurf von Alcahest, Ebend. 1684, 12.
Kern der Chymie, Leipzig, 1685, 8.
Erklarung iiber die seclis chymischen Pforten
Georg Riplsei, Hamb. 1689, 8.
Fr. Merc. v. Helmont Paradoxal Discurse (sic),
Mid. 1691, 8.
Paradeistafel, Hamb. 1692, 8. (?)
Drey chymische Biicher, Hamb. 1692, 8.
Kinderbett des Steins der Weisen, Ebend. 1692,
8.
Rod. Goclenii phvsiognomische und chiroman-
tische Anmerkungen, Eb. 1692, 8.
Mr. del'Emeri cursus Chymicus, Hamb. 1694,8.
Lancellotti C'olsons Tr.' von Erlangung des
Steins der Weisen, Hamb. 1696, 8.
After consideration of the foregoing list and of
the clear statement of Jocher, Rotermund, and
others as to the significance of the initials J. L.
and J. L. M. C., namely, that they stand for
Johann Lange, it is not requisite to dwell on the
misinterpretation of them in the article on Edward
Kelley in the Dictionary of National Biography,
where they are supposed to denote John Lilly and
Meric Casaubon. Meric Casaubon died in 1671,
but the initials J. L. M. C. appeared as late as
1697. Nor is it necessary to point out that the
reading is not ' J. L. ct M. C.,' but that it indicates
one person only; that the reading in the case of
Kelley's book is 'curanie' not 'curantibus,' and
that of the preceding list the German books bearing
the initials were certainly not translated by Lilly
and Casaubon. As for John Lilly I do not know
who he was, for there is no one of that name, so far
as I am aware, likely to have edited Kelley's book.
Is it possible that the influence of the initials them-
selves has caused John Lilly to be inadvertently put
for William Lilly, the astrologer, who may have
been the person in the writer's mind? The fact
that among the authorities in the article on Edward
Kelley there is quoted ' Dr. John Lilly's Autobio-
biography, ' seems to indicate that it is the astrologer
who is intended, for it is in his autobiography that
Kelley is introduced.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 344 ;
1798, ii. pp. 7, ii, 12.
Ladrague, Bibliothcque Ou-varqff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1155.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 335, 338, 347,
381.
LANGELOTT (JOEL).
Send-Schreiben von der Chymie.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. p. 381.
Joel Langelott (or Langellot, or Langellott, and
also Lancellotus, by Witte) was born 12 Oct., 1617,
at Ordorf in Thuringia, where his father Conrad
was a dyer and burgomaster. He studied medi-
cine at Jena, Rostock, and Copenhagen, as well as
at Leyden, graduated in 1642, and received a call
to Gottorp as chemist. He travelled in England,
and became court physician in 1647 of Frederick IV.,
Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. In 1648 he was made
private physician of the Duke and of his son. He
died 8 Dec. , 1680.
The above epistle was addressed to the Academia
Naturae Curiosorum : Epistola ad Nature Citnusos
de quibvsdam in chymia prcetermissis, Hamburg,
1672, small 8vo, pp. 32.
The epistle was published in German at Niirn-
berg, 1672.
A number of papers on medical topics appeared
in the Miscellanea of the Academia Naturae Curio-
sorum Ann. iii. vi. and vii. His Chymia Physica
is contained in Eman. Koenig's Thesaurus remedi-
orum e triplici regno.
LANGELOTT— LAPIS
LANGELOTT QOEL). Continued.
In manuscript he left Ac/a laboratorii Chymici In the present tract he describes a 'Philosophical
Gottorpiensis ; Dissertatio de vera prceparalione et Mill,' or apparatus for grinding, of which he was
usu multiplici laudani opiati ; tractatus de oleo the inventor, and Wallerius gives a drawing of it.
auri et merciirio metallorum ; and some contro- It was to Langelott that Morhof addressed his
versial tracts. epistle De Metallorum Transmutatione, 1673.
Kirchmajer, Noctiluca constans, 1676, p. 21 col. 2258 ; Rotermund's Forlsetzung, 1810, iii. col.
(c. iii. §2). 1243.
Kirchmajer, De Pfiosphoris . . . Commtntatio, Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 87.
1680, p. n. Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi-
Hoffmann, Exercitatio de Cinnabari, 1685, p. corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 587.
22 (' vir supra fidem verax '). Joh. Gottschalk Wallerius, Die physische Ckemie
Mercklin, l.indenius raimatns, 1686, p. 708. (ed. Christ. Andr. Mangold), Gotha, 1761, i. p. 59,
\Vitte, Diariuat Ho^raphicutn, 1688 ; sig. Rrrr and Tafel iii. 73ste Figur (Langelott's ' Philo-
2 rtctii, Anno 1680. (He calls him Lancellotus.} sopliical Mill').
Mangct, Bibliotheca Scriplorum Medicvrum, Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 622.
1731, II. i. p. 29. ^°y» Diclionnaire historique de la Attdecine,
Kestner, Medicinisches Ge/ehrtcn-Lexicon, 1740, 1778, iii. p. 18.
p. 458. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 30,
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 136.
Hcnncfii/Hi-, 1742, iii. p. 201. Reuss, Reperlorium, Commentation um, 1803, iii.
Moller, Ciinl'ria literati/, 1744, ii. p. 444. (Chemia et Hes Metallica}, pp. 2, 115.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- lexicon, 1750, ii. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), v. p. 512.
LAPIS Animalis Microcosmicus.
See DOLHOPFF (GEORG ANDREAS).
LAPIS PHILOSOPHORUM.
Authoris ignoti, philosophic! lapidis secreta metaphorice describentis, Opusculum.
See ARTIS AURlFERjE . . . volumina, 1610, i. p. 249.
See GIN.IECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 5^6.
See GEUER, Summa Perfectionis, 1682, p. 261.
See GEHEIMNUSS des Philosophischen Steins.
See GEHEIMNISS vom Stein der Weisen.
Lapis Philosophorum.
See FALSCHER und wahrer Lapis Philosophorum, 1752.
See ERLAUTERTE und aus der Erfahrung enviesene Wahrheit des Goldmachens
oder des so betittelten Lapidis Philosophorum. 1767.
Lapis philosophorum ad quendam Papam.
See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 240.
An lapis Philosophorum valeat contra pestem quaestio.
See GRATAROLO (c.), Veras alchimiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 259.
De Lapide per Acquam mercurialem.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunst-Kammer, 1614, Part ii.
P- 239-
See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 540.
De Lapide Philosophorum.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemias, Ander Buch, 1614, sig. ):(iiij
verso.
De lapide Philosophorum duodecim Capitula incerti authoris.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. i 598, p. 157.
Sec TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymia*, 1610; Appendix Tomi Primi,
p. 261.
See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 281.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 261.
io LAPIS— LASNIORO
LAPIS PHILOSOPHORUM. Continued.
De Lapide Philosophorum Tractatus duodecim, 1611.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL).
De Lapide Philosophico Tractatus eximius, titulo conscriptus : Vera Philosophise
Doctrina de generatione metallorum.
See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 305.
Lapidis philosophici nomenclatura, a G. Gratarolo collecta.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verse alchemias . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 265.
De Lapidis Philosophorum formatione epilogus.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Veras alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 248.
De Magni Lapidis sive Benedicti Compositione et Operatione Aliquot Capita.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 53.
Liber de Magni Lapidis Compositione et Operatione, Auctore adhuc incerto.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verse alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. i.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 5.
Perfecta Salis Communis praeparatio ad lapidem Philosophorum.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 250.
Tractatus Aureus de Lapide Philosophico.
See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. i.
Tractatus de Lapide Philosophico, incogniti auctoris.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 653 and 698.
Tractatlein von Lapide Philosophorum.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. 234.
LA POTERIE (PIERRE DE).
See POTERIUS (PETRUS).
LASNIORO (JOANNES DE).
Tractatus Aureus de Lapide Philosophorum.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 579.
Johann von Laaz, or Joannes de Lasnioro, or further account of Laaz. After having learned all
Lasnionoro, was a Bohemian, who flourished before he could from Antonius of Florence he travelled —
the middle of the fifteenth century. He announces as so many others did— to visit other alchemists,
himself as a pupil of Antonius de Florentia, who, and in the course of his journeyings he came into
as is stated at the end of the tract (p. 584), was contact with Barbara, second wife of the German
murdered ' here in Bohemia on account of his emperor Sigismund, who died in 1437. She lived
chemistry': 'Hie Joannes superius subscriptus de a very scandalous life— people compared her with
Lazionoro (sic) fuit discipulus ipsius Antonii Itali Messalina— and her favoured occupation was ai-
de Florentia oriundi, qui hie in Bohemia propter chemy, in which she passed off juggling tricks as
earn artem Chymicam ab hominibus impiis est genuine cases of transmutation. DeLasnioro neither
trucidatus, prout in Bohemico de lapide Philoso- deceived himself nor tried to cheat others into a
phorum scripto testatur itaaccidisse.' There seems belief in transmutations which were only shams,
no ground, therefore, for Schmieder's assertion that and he does not seem to have hesitated to say what
Laaz studied in Italy, and still less for his state- he thought about Barbara's prestidigitations. He
ment that his name was changed by his Italian says she made false gold which would not stand
companions into L.as-nion-oro, or Laaz-np-gold ! the tests, and cheated many merchants, and when
because of his unsuccessful alchemical experiments, he witnessed the deceptions he spoke out : ' correxi
unless it is meant as a sort of sombre Schmied- earn verbis.' Then naturally: 'Ilia autem voluit
erian joke. Petraeus it is who is responsible for me incarcerare, sed discessi ab ea cum pace, quia
LASNIORO—LA VINIUS \ i
LASNIORO (JOANNES DE). Continued.
Deus juvit me.' Doubtless he thought himself well we must infer either that there are two distinct
out of it. works of the same name, or, more likely, that the
According to Petraeus these revelations are con- printed version as we now have it is not complete,
tained in a MS. on vellum of date 1440, entitled The Tractatus Aureus appeared in 1611 in
Via Universalis. Tractatus de Secretissimo Antiquorum Philoso-
It is to be observed, however, that the title Via phorum Arcano. Tractatus ii. De Lapide Philo-
Universalis is given to the present tract, for it sophorum Joannis Lasniori Bohaemi Summi
concludes with the following paragraph : Philosophi, nunc primum in gratiam studiosas
'Explicit via universalis Joannis de Lasnioro juventutis in lucem editas (sic) ab Autore Anonymo.
Lazon. sub Anno millesimo quadringentesimo Anno TV es saCerDos In aeternVM., small 8°,
quadragesimo octavo. Feria Sexta in Vigilia Viti. sig. A. This tract was published again in 1612,
Ego verb Joannes Lucianus exemplavi diligentia 8°, and with others at Hanau, 1618, 8°.
magna. anno quadringentesimo.' It was reprinted in the Theatrum Chemicum,
As the passages relative to the Queen, quoted by 1613, iv. p. 657, and in the later edition of 1659, as
Petraeus from the vellum MS., dated 1440, of the above. If all this be accurate, the present tract
Via Universalis, do not occur in the present tract, must have been composed about 1437.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie
1637, p. 286. der Rosenkreuzer , 1787, ii. p. 29.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 626. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 296.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1731, II. i. p. 44. 1806-08, p. 106.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Jocher, Allgemeines Gehhrten-Lexicon ; Roter-
HermMque, 1742, iii. pp. 54, 201. mund's Portsetzung und Ergdnzungen, 1810, iii.
Petraeus, Fr. Basilii \\ilentini . . . Chymische col. 1320.
Schri/ten, 1769, Neue Vorrede, sig. Az recto. Schmiecler, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 223.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 160 ; ii. p. 383.
P- 583.
LAUGIER (ROBERT DE).
Institutiones Pharmaceuticse sive Philosophia Pharmaceutica Auctore Roberto
de Laugier Doct. Med. S. C. Maj. Consiliar. Universitat. Vindobon. &
Mutin. Chemiae & Botanices Professore Emerito, Reg. Nancei'anae, & Georgo-
phil. Florentin. Academiar. Socio, atque Mutinensi Medicorum Collegio
adscripto. Mutiny M DCC LXXXVIII. Apud Societatem Typographicam.
Annuentibus Superioribus.
8°. Pp. 326 [2]. 6 plates of Laugier's still. This is the first volume only. There
should be three in all, 1788-1791, 8°.
Though his name is quite distinctly Robert, chair in 1768 he lived at Strassburg, and on
Poggendorff calls him Fran9ois. He is reported as 17 Dec., 1793, died at Reggio. The above is
a native of Nancy or of Metz. He was a doctor apparently his only work, but he is remembered by
of medicine, imperial councillor, professor of the distilling apparatus which he invented. He is
chemistry and botany at Vienna and at Modena, not to be confused with Andre' Laugier, who
a member of the Royal Society of Nancy, of the succeeded Fourcroy at the Museum of Natural
Agricultural Society of Florence, and of the College History as professor of chemistry, and devoted
of Physicians at Modena. After he resigned his himself to the analysis of minerals.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Handworterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1383.
LAVINIUS (WENCESLAUS) Moravus.
Tractatus de Coelo Terrestri.
See HAPELIUS (NICOLAUS NIGER), Cheiragogia Heliana, 1612, p. 97.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 288.
Traitd du ciel terrestre.
See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv.
p. 566.
These three tracts are quoted by Lenglet Du- secret of making. Oswald Crollius in a note to
fresnoy, who repeats that the author was a Moravian Mining Superintendent Franz Kretschmer says he
gentleman, and that his ' Trait6' though short was had seen the red powder, and, though he knew
esteemed. He is said to have studied at foreign Lavinius familiarly in France and was aware of his
universities, lived in Paris, and returned to his own working at chemistry, he was doubtful about his
country in possession of the stone, which, from the being able to transmute the metals,
quantity he possessed, he seemed to have had the
12
LA VINIUS-LA VOIS1ER
LAVINIUS (WENCESLAUS) Moravus. Continued.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 1037.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 44.
Lenglet Dufresuoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermtiique, 1742, i. p. 472 ; iii. pp. 44, 54, 201.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. .296.
Murr, Litterarische Nachrichten zu der Geschichte
des sogenanntcn Goldmachens, 1805, p. 43.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 108.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 270.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 361.
LAVOISIER (ANTOINE LAURENT).
Traite Elementaire de Chimie, presente dans un Ordre Nouveau et d'apres
les Decouvertes Modernes, par M. Lavoisier. Nouvelle edition, a laquelle
on a joint la Nomenclature Ancienne & Moderne, pour servir a 1'intelligence
des Auteurs ; differens Memoires de MM. Fourcroy & Morveau, & le
Rapport de MM. Baume, Cadet, Darcet & Sage, sur la necessite de
reformer & de perfectionner la Nomenclature Chimique. Avec Figures &
Tableaux. Tome Premier. A Paris, Chez Cuchet, Libraire, rue & hotel
Serpente. M.DCC.LXXXIX.
8°. Tome Premier : pp. xliv. , 322. 2 folding tables. Tome Second : pp. viij., 326.
Tome Troisieme : Nomenclature Chimique, pp. iv., 359 [i blank], 2 tables ; 13
engraved plates.
Trattato Elementare di Chimica presentato in un ordine nuovo dietro le
scoperte moderne, 1792.
See DANDOLO (VINCENZO).
The life and fates of Lavoisier are so well known,
his achievements so outstanding, and the accounts
of him so accessible and familiar, that it is un-
necessary to describe the former or enumerate the
latter.
He was born at Paris, 26 Augt. , 1743, ar)d
received an excellent education. Having a taste
for natural science, he studied mathematics, astro-
nomy, botany, and geology, but finally devoted
himself to chemistry. In 1764, when he was just
21, he gained a prize from the academy for the
best method of lighting a large town. He wrote
papers on mineralogy and meteorology, and was
elected to the Academy of Sciences in 1764. He
now pursued investigation with great ardour, and
in order to obtain means to carry on his experi-
ments he obtained the post of a ' farmer-general '
in 1769. Then began his researches into the con-
stitution of the atmosphere and the cause of the
increase of weight during combustion, which ended
after a dozen years' minute and accurate inquiry
and prolonged controversy in the overthrow of the
phlogistic hypothesis, the introduction and estab-
lishment of the oxygen explanation of combustion
and the publication of the new system of nomen-
clature based on it.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 10,
ii ; 1799, >>'• PP- 63, 276, &c., &c.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentation-urn, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 6, 8, n, 14, &c., &c.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 380, &c., &c.
Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, pp.
479-481 ; App. iv. p. l.xi. April 3, 1788.
Salvigni, Due Ragionamentisulle Teorie chimiche
di Lavoisier di Giovanni Mayow e di Lodovico
Barbieri, Bologna, 1818, 8°, pp. 66 [i, i blank].
Biographic Universelle, 1819, xxiii. p. 461 ; no
date, xxiii. p. 414 (by Cuvier).
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), v. pp. 547-554-
Lavoisier's researches were epoch-making, numer-
ous, and varied, but in connection with parts of his
work there has been some difference of opinion as
to the share to be allotted to him. The most con-
spicuous case is that connected with the discovery
of the composition of water. Upon this xjuestion
opposing views were taken by the Rev. Vernon
Harcourt, Arago, Brougham, and others, the
claims of Cavendish, Watt, and Lavoisier respec-
tively being supported by different writers. This
topic has been reviewed at full length by Kopp.
Lavoisier studied practical and economic matters
as well as pure science, and was especially in-
terested in agriculture, the manufacture of saltpetre
and gunpowder, and he was an active member of
the commission on weights and measures. His
later researches were upon respiration, and it was
in the midst of this work that he fell a victim to the
Revolution, 8 May, 1794. Hoefer has brought a
severe indictment against the most distinguished of
his scientific contemporaries for having apparently
made no effort to save him.
His researches were published in the Memoirs of
the Academy. They were collected in 6 vols. , 4°,
and published 1862-1893.
QueYard, La France Litt&raire, 1830, iv. p. 642.
Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830-31,
ii. pp. 75-141.
Cuvier, Histoire des Progrts des Sciences Natur-
clles, 1834, i. p. 65, &c.
Dumas, Lemons sur la Philosophie Chimique,
l837> PP- J34-i86, &c. ; 1878, pp. 135-202, &c.
Rammelsberg's German translation, 1839, pp. no-
165, &c.
Arago, Historical Eloge of James Watt, trans-
lated from the French . . . by James Patrick
Muirhcad, 1839, 8°, p. 102 (the water con-
troversy).
W. Vernon Harcourt, ' Presidential Address.'
UNIVERSITY 1
X
LA VOISIER—LEADE
LAVOISIER (ANTOINE LAURENT). Continued.
Report of the ninth meeting of the British Associa-
tion . . . held at Birmingham, in August, 1839.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 360,
363, 365 I 1869, ii. pp. 351, 355, 357, 489-53°-
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 299-
315, &c., &c.
Kire'evsky, Histoire des Legislateitrs Chimistes,
1845, pp. 22-88.
Brougham, Lives of Men of Letters and Science
who flourished in the time of George III., 1846, ii.
pp. 227-276 ; Works, 1855, i. pp. 290-333.
Muirhead, Correspondence of the late James Watt
on his discovery of the Composition of Water, 1846.
Trattato elementare di Chimica, Torino, 1847,
pp. 138-155, 190-197.
George Wilson, Life of the Hcnble. Henry
Cavendish, London, Cavendish Society, 1851 (the
water controversy ; Bibliography, p. 269).
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, ii.
p. 671.
Samuel Brown, ' Phlogiston and Lavoisier,'
North British Review, No. xxxv. Reprinted in
his Lectures on the Atomic Theory and Essays
Scientific and Literary, 1858, i. pp. 186-245.
Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale, 1862, xxx. col. i.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
wijrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1392.
Hoefer, La Chimie enseignte par la Biographie
de ses Fondateurs, 1865, pp. 70-120.
Gerding, Geschichte der Chemie, 1867, p. 135, &c.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi-
cales, 1869, 2eme Serie, ii. p. 106.
Ladenburg, Vortrdge iiber die Entwicklungs-
geschichte der Chemie in den letzten hundert Jahren,
1869, pp. 21 & sqq.
Adolphe Wurtz, A History of Chemical Theory
from the Age of Lavoisier to the present time,
translated and edited by Henry Watts, 1869, 8°.
Wurtz, Histoire des doctrines chimiques depuis
Lavoisier jusqu'd nos jn-urs. Paris, 1869, 12°
(appeared originally as the ' Discours Preliminaire'
to the Dictionnaire de Chimie pure et appliqutt).
C. E. Jullien, La Chimie nouvelle, ou la Crassier
de la nomenclature chimique de Lavoisier deblayt,
1870, 8°.
Santesson, Kemiens Grundsanningarframstdllda
i Leftiadsteckningar af dess Heroer, Stockholm
(1870), p. 51, &c., &c. (This is a free translation
of Hoefer' s book preceding.)
Kopp, Entwickelung der Chemie in der neuertn
Zeit, 1873, pp. 85-216, &c., &c.
Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875,
iii. pp. 235-310 (the water controversy).
M. M. P. Muir, Heroes of Science. Chemists,
1883, pp. 79-100, &c.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 30 ; ii. p. 164,
Edouard Grimaux, Lavoisier, 1743-1794, dapres
sa Correspondance, ses Manuscrits, ses Papiers de
Famille et dautres Documents inedits, Paris, 1888,
8°, 10 plates.
Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1888,
xlii. p. 297.
H. Picton, The Story of Chemistry (1889), pp.
231-254,
Berthelot, La Revolution Chimique. Lavoisier,
1800, 8°, pp. xii. 334. Frontispiece.
La Grande Encyclopldie , xxi. pp. 1064-68 (by
Berthelot).
Ernst von Meyer, A History of Chemistry trans-
lated by George 'McGowan, 1891, pp. 151-162, &c.,
&c.
Thorpe, Essays in Historical Chemistry, 1894,
pp. 88-141.
Ramsay, The Gases of the Atmosphere, 1896, pp.
100-118.
LEADE (JANE).
Sonenblume der Weisen, das ist : Eine helle und klare Vorstellung der Prae-
parirung defs Philosophischen Steins, neben Bestraffung derjenigen welche
sich ohne Grund hierinen bemiihen. Wie auch eine Wohlmeinende Warming
in was vor Materien man sich hierinnen zu hiiten, indem die Authorin ihre
selbsteigene Thorheiten, so sie in ungegriindeten Arbeiten begangen, aller
Welt vor Augen stellet. Zum offentlichen Druck verfertiget und an das
Tagesliecht gebracht von Leona Constantia in Afflictionibus triumphante.
Im Jahr 1704.
12°. Pp. 120.
Aus Leona Constantia Sonnenblume der Weisen.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 172.
See MYSTERIUM Magnum.
Jane Ward, daughter of Schildknap Ward of a
Norfolk family, was born in 1623. She married
her cousin, William Lead, or Leadc, and, on his
death not long after, she lived in seclusion in
London, and devoted herself to a religious life, to
which she considered herself called by a mysterious
voice when a girl.
She studied Bohme and wrote mystical books,
one of which, translated into Dutch and German,
made her known on the Continent. Francis Lee,
on his return from Venice in 1694, fell in with her
book and sought her out in London, and was
adopted by her as her son, and became her disciple.
When her eyesight failed her, he attended to her,
looked after her correspondence, wrote to her dicta-
tion, and edited her books. Lee was the founder
of the Philadelphian Society which included not
only Mrs. Leade, but a number of the mystics of
the time, her followers, and she wrote certain mes-
sages to them. Pordage, one of the members,
wrote a letter which seems to be addressed to her
(see PORDAGE ( JOHN) ). They drew up a constitu-
tion and printed their Transactions, which appeared
in five numbers, from March to November, 1697,
LEADE—LEBENWALDT
LEADE (JANE). Continued.
and with other papers form a small volume in 4°.
This book has become rare.
Towards the end of her life she was in poor cir-
cumstances. She died 19 Aug., 1704, and Lee
J. H. Feustking, Gynaeceumhaeretico-fanaticum,
Frankfurt und Leipzig, 1704, i. p. 412.
Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseudony-
moritm, 1708, Liber de Anonymis Scriptoribus
detectis, p. 415, No. 1691 (Fischer's German trans-
lation of her works).
Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 43.
Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philosophise hen
Historie, 1735, vi. p. 1180.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1737, xvi. col. 1253.
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741,
ii. p. 1157 (Th. II. xvii. 19, §59).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii.
wrote an account of her last hours. Her works are
numerous, and a list is given by Miss Fell Smith ;
they are all mystical and do not refer to chemistry
or alchemy.
col. 2326 ; Rotermund's Fertsetzung und Ergan-
zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1451.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 106.
Beylrag zur Geschichte der ho/tern Chetnie, 1785,
p. 646.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1789, ii. p. 319.
Vaughan, Hours with the Mystics, 1856, ii. p.
117.
Notes and Queries, 4th Series, 1870, vi. p. 529.
British Quarterly Review, July, 1873, Ivii. pp.
181-187 (article by Canon Jenkins).
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 378.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1892, xxxii.
p. 312 (article by Miss C. Fell Smith).
LEBENWALDT (ADAMUS A).
Adami a Lebenwaldt, Philosophi & Medici, Com. Pal. Caes. Not. Apost.
Publ. Erstes Tractate!, von defs Teuffels List vnd Betrug in der Hebreer
Cabala mit einem Vorbericht wie der Teuffel bey dem Menschlichen Ge-
schlecht auff vnderschidliche VVeifs eingeschlichen. Saltzburg, Druckts
vnd verlegts Job. Baptist Mayr, Hoff- vnd Academ. Buchdrucker, 1680.
12°. Pp. [12] 80.
Andertes Tractatel, von der List und Betrug defs Teuffels in der Astrologia
Judiciaria, oder zu vil Urtheilenden Stern- Kunst.
Pp. [4] 95 [i blank].
%
Drittes Tractatel, von defs Teuffels List vnd Betrug in den Vier Elementen vnd vil
andern aberglaubischen Dingen.
Pp. [2] 140 [i, i blank].
Vierdtes Tractatel, von defs Teuffels List und Betrug in der falschen Alchy-
misterey und Goldmacher-Kunst.
Pp. [2] 129 [5 blank, 2]. Wants the title, pp. 83-86, and a blank leaf.
Tracts 5-8 are wanting. They are as follows :
Funfftes Tractatl, von defs Teuffels List und
Betrug in der Berg-Ruethen und Berg-Spiegl,
1 68 1, pp. [2] 137 [3 blank].
Sechstes Tractatl, von defs Teuffels List vnd
Betrug in der Waffen-Salben, vnd so genandten
Sympathetischen Pulver, 1681, pp. [2] 198.
Sibentes Tractatl, von defs Teuffels List vnd
Betrug in der Transplantation oder Vberpflantzung
der Kranckheit, 1681, pp. [2] 166.
Achtes Tractatl, von defs Teuffels List vnd
Betrug in Verfiihrung der Menschen zur Zauberey,
1681, pp. [4] 362.
Lebenwaldt, or Lebwald von Lebenwald, who
flourished in the middle of the seventeenth century,
was born at Sailenspach, in Upper Austria, in the
government of the Count of Spruitzstein, 25 Nov.,
1624, studied medicine, was M.D. of Padua, and
had practised the art for seven and twenty years,
as he tells us in the dedication of the above book.
He was created Count Palatine, was a councillor
in Styria, Imperial poet laureate, Apostolic Notari-
us and provincial physician to the Duke of Styria.
He was received into the Leopoldine Academy
Mercklin, Lindenivs renovatus, 1686, p. 8.
Cornelius & Beughem, Syllabus recens explora-
tonim in re medica physica fir" chymica, Amstel. ,
1696, p. 70.
under the name of Aesculapius II., 7 Feb., 1683.
He died 10 (20) June, 1696.
He wrote : Damographia, oder Gemsenbeschrei-
bung in 2 Thcilen, Salzburg, 1680, 4° ; Das Land-
Stadt- und Haus- Arzney-Buch, Niirnberg, 1695,
folio, and numerous communications to the Leo-
poldine Academy, for which see the list given by
Cornelius a Beughem.
In the British Museum catalogue he is called
Adam Lebwald von Lebenwald.
Kopp calls him Adam A. Lebenswaldt, and says
there are eight tracts altogether, of which the
fourth deals with the deceits of alchemy. Leben-
waldt scolds vigorously and reveals the tricks of
apparent transmutations. He has some remarks
also on the Rosicrucians.
The opinions expressed in these tracts were
attacked by Johann Tillemann or Tileman, in three
' Defensiones contra Adamum & Lebenwald,'
printed without place or date, probably at Inns-
pruck about 1680, in small 12°, i. sig. A in twelves
[last leaf blank] ; ii. sigs. A, B in twelves, C in
four [2 blank] ; iii. sig. A in twelve. Tileman
anagrammatises his name into ' Du Nebel laut. '
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 48. (Memoir from the Miscellanea
Nat. Cur. Decur. , iij. Ann. v. & vi.)
LEBENWALDT—LE CROM
LEBENWALDT (ADAMUS A). Continued.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecte melallicce,
1732, p. 89.
Gundling, Historic der Gelahrhett, 1735, iii. p.
3208 (refers to Ephemerides Academias Naturae
Curiosorum ad Ann. 1699 et 1700).
Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii.
col. 2327 ; Roternmnd's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col.
Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 89.
Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum
Historia, 1755, p. 472, No. 113.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 695.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iii. p. 34.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 192.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i.
p. 468.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 392.
LE BRETON (CHARLES).
Les Clefs de la Philosophic Spagyrique, qui donnent la connoissance des
Principes & des veritables Operations de cet Art dans les Mixtes des trois
genres, par feu M. Le Breton, Medecin de la Faculte de Paris. A Paris,
rue S. Jacques, chez Claude Jombert, au coin de la rue des Mathurins,
a I'lmage Notre-Dame. M.DCCXXII. Avec Approbation & Privilege du
Roy.
16°. Pp. [8] 398 [a].
[Another Copy.]
This book is merely mentioned by Lenglet
Dufresnoy, in the Beytrag, by Gmelin, and by
Kopp, but they say nothing about the author. He
is omitted by Schmieder. Haller refers to a per-
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit,
1736, PP. 568, 571.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 129,
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 36.
son called Le Breton, author of a work on select
surgical remedies, 1716, but I do not know for
certain if he be the same as the chemist.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 660.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 318.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqf, Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 1315.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 364.
LE COMTE (Louis).
See COMITIBUS (LUDOVICUS DE).
LE CROM (ALEXANDRE ?).
Vade Mecum Philosophique, en Forme de Dialogue, en Faveur des Enfans de
la Science, nouvellement mis au jour, ou Ton fait voir ce que c'est que la
vraye Quintessence. Avec un Petit Traite des Dissolutions et Coagulations
naturelles & artificielles. Par le Sieur Le Crom. A Paris, chez Daniel
Jollet, Imprimeur-Libraire, au bout du Pont Saint Michel, du coste" du
Marche" Neuf, au Livre Royal. Et la veuve Papillon, pre*s des Augustins, a
la descente du Pont-Neuf, aux Armes d'Angleterre. M.DCC.XIX. Avec
Approbation et Privilege.
12°. Pp. [7, i blank] 107 [i blank].
Petit Trait6 des Dissolutions et Coagulations naturelles & artificielles. Pp. 40.
Dissertation philosophique sur le Sel Arabe et la Poudre Solaire. Pp. [24] [4].
According to Ladrague, Le Crom is a pseudonym
for Frai^ois Marie Pompee Colonne, who not only
wrote the above, but under the name of Crosset de
la Haumerie composed the book Les Seciets les
plus cache's de la Philosophie des Anciens, . . .
Paris, 1722, 8°, 1762, 12° (commended in the
Journal des Savans, 1723, pp. 112-15), and another
which appeared anonymously : Les Principes de la
Nature, suivant les opinions desanciens Philosophes,
. . . Paris, 1725, 2 vols. , 12°.
This identification is not made by Gmelin, who
ascribes (ii. p. 318) to Fran/. Mar. Pomp. Colonna
a work: Histoire naturelle de i ' i/nivers, Paris,
1734, 2 vols., 12°; to Crosset de la Haumerie
(hid. ) : Les secrets les plus cache's . . . but with
the date 1723 ; and (Ibid. p. 356) to Lc Crom :
i6
LE CROM—LEEUWENHOEK
LE CROM (ALEXANDRE ?). Continued.
Plusieurs experiences utiles et curieuses concer-
nant la Medecine et la Metallique, Paris, 1718, 12°.
As for Lenglet Dufresnoy, he does not include
Colonne at all ; Crosset de la Haumerie is credited
with the tract above mentioned ; and to Le Crom
is assigned the work Plusieurs experiences . . .
1718, only. But he adds that he visited Le Crom
sometimes, and did not think that Le Crom en-
gaged in the Hermetic Science, but only in so far
as it could serve medicine.
Le Crom is not mentioned either by Schmieder
or Kopp. More recent notices do not make very
clear the connection between Colonne and Le Crom.
The article in the Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale
simply mentions Alexandre Le Crom as the name
under which he wrote certain books, including the
above, but Che'surolles seems to imply that Le Crom
was not a mere pseudonym, for he describes him
as being ' une espece d'apothicaire demeurant rue
St. Denis, a Paris.'
Colonna, or Colonne, was born in Italy about
1649, came to France in 1669, went back to Italy
the following year, and then returned and settled
in Paris. He perished in the fire which consumed
his house at Paris in 1726. He is said to have been
a learned man, skilled in mathematics, but he was
specially devoted to the occult sciences, and the
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 143, 183.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 318,
356.
LEEUW.
See VREESWYK (GOOSSEN VAN).
books which he wrote refer chiefly to them. They
are as follows :
Introduction a la philosophie des anciens, Paris,
1698, 12°. This is said to be merely a revision of
the Escalier des Sages, Groningen, 1689, fol. , by
Rarent Comders van Helpen.
Les secrets les plus caches de la philosophie des
anciens, Parts, 1722, 1762, 12°, under the name
Crosset de la Haumerie.
Abr£g£ de la doctrine de Paracelse et ses Archi-
doxes, Paris, 1724, 12°, under the anagram Sum
incola franc us.
Les principes de la Nature selon les opinions des
anciens philosophes, Paris, 1725, 2 vols., 12°,
anonymous.
Nouveau Miroir de la fortune, Paris, 1726, 12°.
Principes de la Nature on la generation des choses,
Paris, 1731, 12°, posthumous, edited by Gosmond.
Histoire naturelle de 1'univers, Paris, 1734, 4
vols., 12°.
Plusieurs experiences utiles sur la m6decine, la
metallique, &c., Paris, 1719, 12°, under the name
of Alexandre Lecrom.
Vade-Mecum Philosophique, Paris, 1719, 12°, as
above.
Suite des experiences utiles, Paris, 1725, 12°.
Biographie Universelle, 1844, viii. p. 661 (article
by Ch&urolles).
Nouvelle Biographie Ghierale, 1856, xi. col. 296.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 591, 1312-14.
LEEUWENHOEK (ANTONY VAN).
Observations faites avec la Microscope sur le sang et sur le lait.
See RECUEIL d'experiences, 1679, p. 221.
Leeuwenhoek was born at Delft, 24 Oct., 1632,
at the age of 16 began to learn business with a
merchant in Amsterdam, and spent some years
there. After his marriage at Delft he gave up
business and devoted himself to the study of
science, and became one of the most distinguished
of microscopic observers. He was made a fellow
of the Royal Society in 1679. His death occurred
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 1088.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. pp. 54-63.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 535.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce,
1732, p. 89.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit,
173,6, p. 584.
Goelicke, Introductio in Historiam litteranam
Anatomes, 1738, pp. 522, 523.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrlen-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 466.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 341.
Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii.
col. 2336 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergan-
zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1436.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la AtdJecine,
1755, ii. p. 120 ; 1778, iii. p. 67.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774. i. pp. 606,
704.
in his gist year, 26 Augt., 1723, and he continued
an unwearied worker to the very end. His letters
refer to crystallization, the configuration of the
diamond, the solution of silver, compression of the
air, experiments with cinnabar, gunpowder, &c.,
&c. His works were collected and published at
Leyden, 1722, 4 vols., 4°; English translation by
Samuel Hoole, 1798-1800, 3 parts, 4°.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 202.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Res Metallica}, pp. 33, 121.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 200.
Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812,
App. iv. p. xxvii. Ann. 1680.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1815, xx. p. 218.
Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 362 ; no
date, xxiv. p. 387.
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), v. p. 561.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
pp. 117-119, 209, 224, 250, 264, 265, 266.
Delvenne, Biographie du Royaume des Pays-Bas,
1829, ii. p. 64.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp.
Weld, A History of the Royal Society, 1848, i.
PP- 244-245.
LEEUWENHOEK—LE FEVRE 17
LEEUWENHOEK (ANTONY VAN). Continued.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, i. P. J. Haaxman, Antony van Leeuvtenhoek de
p. 498. Ontdekker der Infusorien, 1675-1875, Leiden, 1875
Nouvelle Biographie Gtnirale, 1860, xxxi. col. (with portrait, facsimile and illustrations. Pp.
13. 138-140, list of references to Leeuwenhoek).
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- W. J. A. Huberts, Biographisch Woordenboek
ivorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1404. der Noord- en Zuid-Nederlandsche Letterkunde,
Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der Deventer, 1878, p. 303 (quite a short notice).
Nederlanden, 1865, xi. p. 280. Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 2e
Section, 1887, xlii. p. 358.
LE FEVRE (NICOLAS).
Neuvermehrter Chymischer Handleiter, und Guldnes Kleinod : Das ist :
Deutliche Unterweisung, wie man die von Chymischer Wissenschafft ins
gemein handelende Schrifften recht verstehen ; und nach Ordnung der
Spagyrischen und Apotheckerischen Bereit-Kunst die darzu erforderte wiirck-
liche Operation gebiihrlich verrichten, die Vegetabilia, Animalia, und
Mineralia, ohne Einbufs ihrer wesentlichen Krafte bereiten ; auch die Fehler
welche ehdessen in den gemeinen Apothecken begangen worden, abschaffen,
und nach der heutigen Verbesserung alle Bereitungen anstellen miisse :
Vormals treufleissigst in Frantzosischer Sprache beschrieben, durch N. Le
Febure, Seiner Kon. Maj. in Frankreich ordinar-Apotheckern, und Chymischen
Distillatorn, &c. Anitzo aber auf Ersuchen guter Freunde aufs Neue durchaus
in vielem noch mehr erlautert, und mit hauffigen Secreten und nutzlichen
Artzneystiicken vermehrt, und zum andern mal durch den Druck publiciret
von Joh. Hiskia Cardilucio. Mit Chur-Fiirstl. Sachsischen Privilegio.
Niirnberg, In Verlegung Joh. Andreae Endters Sel. Sohne. M.DC.LXXXV.
8°. Pp. [34] 867 [55]. Title red and black. Engraved title wanting. 14
engraved plates.
Cours de Chymie, pour servir d'Introduction a cette Science. Par Nicolas Le
Fevre, Professeur Royal de Chymie, & Membre de la Societe* Royale de
Londres. Cinquieme Edition, Revue, corrige'e & augmente'e d'un grand
nombre d'Operations, & enrichie de Figures. Par M. Du Monstier, Apoticaire
de la Marine & des Vaisseaux du Roi ; Membre de la Societe" Royale de
Londres & de celle de Berlin. Tome Premier. A Paris, Chez Rollin,
Fils, Quay des Augustins, a Saint Athanase. M.DCC.LI. Avec Approbation
& Privilege du Roi.
12°. Pp. [4] xxxvj. [4] 454 [2 blank]. Title red and black. Six plates.
II. [4] x. 472. i plate.
III. [4] xiv. 477 [3 bl.]. 2 plates.
IV. [4] iij.-xiv. 436 (for 484).
V. [4] iij.-xx. [2 bl.] 436. 2 plates.
H is name also appears as Le Febure and Lefebvre. and he was much flattered by this promotion.
What little is known of his life is obtained He occupied the post for fully a dozen years, and
chiefly from his own work. He was born early in in 1660 published a summary of the instruction he
the seventeenth century, where is not stated, and had been in the habit of giving in his treatise on
he was educated in the Protestant College of chemistry, of which many editions are extant.
Sedan, a town to which he alludes more than once. In 1664 he accepted the invitation of Charles II.,
He was initiated in chemistry and pharmacy by his and was appointed Royal professor of chemistry
father, and he himself has described the course of and Apothecary in Ordinary to the Household at
his studies. A little before his time had begun the St. James's, and was also elected a fellow of the
movement which ended in the foundation of the newly-founded Royal Society. He died in London
Jardin du Roi, and the appointment of Dr. William in 1674.
Davisson as the first professor of botany and chem- He wrote two lx>oks : Chimie thtoriqut el
istry. When Davisson left, Le F&vre succeeded pratique, Paris, 1660, 2 vols., 12°. Several editions
him by the influence of Vallot, the king's physician, are recorrl( d : Paris, 1669, 2 vols. ; Lcyden, 1669,
II. B
i8
LE FEVRE—LEHMANN
LE FEVRE (NICOLAS). Continued.
2 vols., 12°, pp. i. [64] 1-556, ii. [4] 557-1216
[21, i blank], 8 plates; Paris, 1674, 2 vols., 12°;
Leyden, 1696.
It was translated into German, Nurnberg, 1678,
8° ; 1675 ; the above in 1685, and again in 1688.
The English translation was made by ' a gentle-
man of his Majesty's Privy Chamber,1 whose
initials are P. D. C. It appeared at London,
1664, 4°, in 2 parts, bound together. It was
reissued in 1670, with two different title-pages, on
one of which he calls himself Fellow of the Royal
Society. It may be observed that, on the title-
page, the author's name appears as Nicasius le
Febvre and not Nicolas.
Conring, In ttniversam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 387 (Add. xi. vi.**).
Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 74
(calls him Le Februe).
Stolle, Anleitun% zur Historic der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 791.
Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliothecce meta/lica,
1732, p. 56 (calls him le Fiirbe).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 4.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdccine,
1755, ii. p. in ; 1778, iii. p. 41.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, pp. 27, 116.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785,
P. 623.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 745 ;
1798, ii. pp. 357, 517.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 146.
Eloy mentions an edition of 1740.
The treatise also appeared in Latin, Besan9on,
!737i 2 vols., 4°.
The second work in French was published in
1665. I have not seen this, but only the English
version : A Discourse upon Sr. Walter RawIeigK1!
Great Cordial , . . rendered into English by Peter
Belon, London, 1664, small 8°, pp. [2 blank, 18]
no.
He is said to have translated into French the
' Religio Medici ' of Sir Thomas Brown : La Re-
ligion du Medecin . . . Imprime~e I' An 1668,
without place or printer, 12°, pp. [24] 360.
Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), v. p. 564 (article by Orfila).
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, i. (authors),
359 A
Dumas, Lemons sur la Philosophic Chimique,
1837, p. 51 ; 1878, p. 56 ; Rammelsberg's German
translation, 1839, p. 15.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 286;
1869, ii. p. 276.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 12, &c.
La Grande Encyclopedic, no date, xxi. p. 1130 (is
based on Dumas and Hoefer).
Haag, La France Protestante, 1855, v. p. 497.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, p. 502.
Nouvelle Biographic Gtndrale, 1859, xxx. col.
342.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1404.
LEHMANN QOHANN CHRISTIAN).
D. Johann Christian Lehmanns vollkommene Beschreibung eines Bergbohrers,
wie solcher nebst seinen darzu gehorigen Stiicken gefertiget, und dam it operiret
werden solle; Defsgleichen wie man sich dessen zu bedienen habe auf viel
tausend Schuh, sowohl Ortwarts, als Sohl- und Fiirstwerts durch die Damerde,
Gebiirge & Festgestein zu bohren ; welchem noch eine sehr grose Ver-
besserung derer Puchwerke beygefiiget ist. Mit dazu gehorigen Kupfern.
Leipzig, in der Grofsischen Handlung 1750.
8°. Pp. 70 (for 80). 2 folding plates.
The first edition was published at Leipzig in 1714, 8°, and an edition of 1716 is mentioned.
Lehmann was born at Bautzen (Budissin) in Ober-
Lausitz 16 June, 1675. His father Elias was
Phil. & Med. D. and private physician to the
Saxon Churfursts George II. and III. At first
he had a tutor, then he was at school at Bischofs-
werda, and in 1690 at the gymnasium at Zittau
under Christian Weisen. In 1694 he went to
Leipzig, in 1695 graduated as bachelor in arts and
medicine, 1696 he was master, and in 1699 doctor
of medicine. He was appointed extraordinary pro-
fessor of the Institutes of Medicine in 1707, and in
1710 ordinary professor. In 1712 the Leopoldine
Academy elected him a member under the name of
Antenor II. and on the 7 June, 1713, he received
the same distinction from the Berlin Academy.
In 1723 he was 'collegiat1 in the great ' Fiirsten-
Collegium,' and in 1732 he attained the dignity of
Senior of the Philosophical Faculty and Decemvir
of the Academy at Leipzig. His death occurred
19 Jan. , 1739, at Leipzig".
He was distinguished by his experimental and
manipulative ability and by the ingenious instru-
ments which he constructed.
A large number of academic programmes,
orations and dissertations on varied subjects came
from his pen. Those relating more particularly to
chemistry are the following :
Dissertatio de transmutationibus corporum extra-
ordinariis, Lips., 1696, 4°.
Disputatio de Balsamo Peruviano nigro, Lips.,
1707, 4°.
Von Zusammenordinirung derer Gradierhauser,
Gradierdacher, Gradier-Maschinen, Gradir-Rohren
und Passer, an, unter und iiber denen Siedepfannen
und ihren Rauchfangen, Dresden, 1719, 4°, and
one or two others on salt working. His papers on
experimental physics were published in the trans-
actions of the Berlin Academy, 1746, & sqq.
Utilitatis physicae verse Specimina VI., Leipz.,
1714-36, 4°, with engravings.
LEHMANN— LEHR-SA TZE
LEHMANN QOHANN CHRISTIAN). Continued.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicee,
1732, p. 89.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 466.
Acta Academice Natura Curiosorum, 1742, vi.
App. pp. 180-190.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii.
col. 2343 ; Rotermund's Fortsetsung und Ergdn-
zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1504.
Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum
Historic., 1755, p. 489, No. 292.
Ginelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 777
(the mineral water at Reibelsgriin) ; 1799, iii. p. 27
(saltworks).
Gottlieb Friedr. Otto, Lexikon der seit dem
funfzehenden Jahrhunderte verstorbenen und jezt-
lebenden Oberlausisischen Schriftsteller und Kiinst-
ler, Gorlitz, 1802, II. i. p. 422.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 300.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 360
(Peruvian balsam).
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worierbuch, 1863, i. col. 1409.
LEHMANN QOHANN GOTTLOB).
Abhandlung von den Metall-Miittern und der Erzeugung der Metalle aus der
Naturlehre und Bergwerckswissenschaft hergeleitet und mit Chymischen
Versuchen erwiesen von D. Johann Gottlob Lehmann. Berlin verlegts
Christoph Gottlieb Nicolai. 1753.
8°. Pp. [16] 268 [8]. 2 plates. Vignette of a medal.
Nothing is on record of Lehmann's birth or
origin. He was a doctor of medicine, a royal
Prussian councillor for mines, and a member of the
Prussian Academy of Sciences, and of others in-
cluding the Society of Arts, London. In 1761 he
went to St. Petersburg to be professor of chemistry
and keeper of the Natural History Museum of the
Academy there. He made various natural history
journeys in Russia for the Empress Catherine II.
In consequence of an accident due to the bursting
of a vessel in which he was heating arsenic, he died
at St. Petersburg 22 Jan. (20 Feb.), 1767, but ac-
cording to the Biographie Universelle, his death
was the result of a bilious fever.
Denkwiirdigkeiten aus dem I^eben ausgezeichneter
Teutichen des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts, pp. 163-
165.
Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 338,
&c., &c.
Meusel, Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800
verstorbenen Teulschen Schriftsteller, 1808, viii. pp.
108-111. (Meusel remarks on the meagre informa-
tion about him.)
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 300, 311, 323, 324, 331, 332, 336. 341,
343, 36o.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter-
He published various works :
Abhandlung von Phosphoris, deren verschiedener
Bereitung, Nutzen und andere dabey vorkom-
mende Anmerkungen, Dresden und Leipzig,
J749. 4°-
Abhandlung von den Metall-Muttern und der
Erzeugung der Metalle . . . mit chymischen Ver-
suchen erwiesen, Berlin, 1752, 8°.
Probier-Kunst, Berlin, 1775, 8°.
Cadmiologia. Konigsberg und Leipzig, a Th.
1761-66, — besides treatises on mineralogy, on alum
boiling, kao-lin, on forests, charcoal-burning, and
papers in the transactions of the Academies of
Berlin, St. Petersburg, Haarlem, London, etc.
mund's Fortsetzung und Erganzungen, 1810, iii.
col. 1607.
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), v. p. 566.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 375 ;
1869, ii. p. 367.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847. iv. pp. 78,
81, 154.
Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale, 1862, xxx. col.
456-
Biographie Universelle, no date, xxiii. p. 651.
Poggendorff, Riographisch-literarischts Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1409.
See RESPUR (P. M. VON), Besondere Versuche, 1772.
LEHR-JUNGER der Natur.
See HERMAPHRODITISCHES Sonn- und Monds-Kind, 1752.
LEHR-SATZE von der Preparation des Steins der Weisen.
See v. (j. R.), M.D., Giildene Rose, No. viii.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C. 1779, >»• P- 216.
LEHR-SATZE vor die Schiiler der Weifsheit.
See MONTE RAPHAIM (JOHANN DE), Vorbothe der am Philosophischen Himmel
hervorbrechenden Morgen-Rothe, 1767.
LEHR-SATZE ... von der Weisheit und Chymie . . .
See SCHWART2FUSS (Anonymus von), 1706.
20 LEITER—LEMERY
LEITER der Philosopher urn.
See SCALA Philosophorum.
LEITUNGS-FADEN (Der) zu dem Chymischen und Alchymischen Labyrinth,
um sicher darinnen zugehen, durch das Licht der Erfahrung, alle Hand-
Arbeiten und Griffe die in dieser Kunst erfordert werden, mit neuen schonen
Erfindungen, und einigen sehr niitzlichen Geheimnlissen versehen, auch alle
definitiones begreiffende. Allen hohen Potentaten, grossen Herren, Rittern
und Edlen, Hochgelehrten Doctoren, wie auch andern wiirdigen Liebhabern
der Hermetischen Kunst, zu sonderbahrem Nutzen, und um die Verschwendung
der Zeit, und vieler Tausenden in Sudlereyen zuverhiiten zur Neuen Jahres-
Gabe dem offentlichen Druck iibergeben, durch den aller hier beschriebenen
Arbeiten, durch zwantzig Jahrige Erfahrung practicirten und gereiseten
Pilgram. Braunschweig, Verlegts Caspar Grubers, 1691.
8°. No pagination. Sigs. A-D in eights, E3 [=pp. 70].
The book contains a short system of assaying is no mystery in this tract. It was reprinted in
and testing of ores and such like bodies, and gives Schroder's Neue Sammlung der Bibliothek fiir . . .
an account of the processes and substances. There Chemie, 1776, II. ii. pp. 1-74.
LE MAITRE (ALEXANDRE CHRISTIAN).
Der Astralische Geist oder der Balsam defs Lebens, bewiesen in der Mag-
netischen Balsamischen Krafft defs Antimonialischen gereinigten Vitriols,
durch die Beyspiele der gantzen wiirckenden Natur, von den wunderbahren
Proben defs Sympatischen Pulvers, vnd dessen auffrichtigen Bereitung. An
Tag geben durch Alexandrum Christianum le Maitre, G. G. Q. v. O. I.
Getruckt in Verlegung defs Authoris im Jahr 1684.
12°. Pp. [12] 174 (but should be 168). Title fed and black.
LEMERY (NICOLAS).
Cours de Chymie, oder : Der vollkommene Chymist, welcher die in der
Medicin gebrauchlichen Chymischen Processe auf die leichteste und heil-
samste Art machen lernt, und mit den scharffsinnigsten Anmerckungen und
Urtheilen liber jeden Procefs die Liebhaber dieser Wissenschafft weiter
anfuhret : Wie er von Herrn Niclas Lemery, der Medicin hochberiihmten
Doctorn, und Koniglichen Frantzosischen Hof-Apotheckern zu Paris, heraus-
gegeben, und aus der neuesten Frantzosischen Edition ins Teutsche iibersetzet
und bey jetziger vierten Auflage aufs neue und correcteste revidiret.
Drefsden und Leipzig, verlegts Raphael Christian Sauerefsig, 1734.
8°. Pp. [56] 652 ; 390 [42, 2 blank]. Title red and black. 6 plates of apparatus.
Wants a plate, i. pp. 84-5.
Nicolai Lemeri, weyland Medicinae Doctoris und Konigl. Frantzosischen Hof-
Apotheckers zu Paris, Cursus Chymicus, oder vollkommener Chymist, welcher
die in der Medicin vorkommenden Chymischen Praeparata und Processus
auf die verniinfTtigste, leichteste und sicherste Art zu verfertigen lehret. Aus
dem Frantzosischen iibersezt und bey dieser fiinfften Auflage aufs neue durch-
gesehen, corrigirt und mit Zusatzen vermehret, von D. Johann Christian
LEMERY 21
LEMERY (NICOLAS). Continued.
Zimmermann. Mit Konigl. Pohl. u. Churfurstl. Sachfs. allergnadigsten
Privilegio. Dresden, 1754. Im Verlag der Waltherischen Buchhandlung
8°. Pp. [10, including frontispiece] 978. Register [46] 46. Frontispiece (portrait
of Lemery), 6 plates of apparatus, i folding plate of symbols.
New Curiosities in Art and Nature : Or, a Collection of the most Valuable
Secrets in all Arts and Sciences; as Appears by the Contents. Composed
and Experimented by the Sieur Lemery, Apothecary to the French King.
Translated into English from the Seventh Edition. Printed this last Year in
French, in which is near one half more than any former Edition. Illustrated
with Cuts. To which is added a Supplement by the Translator. London :
Printed for John King, at the Bible and Crown in Little Britain ; and Sold
by J. Morphew, near Stationers-Hall. 1711.
8°. Pp. [16] 354. Index [14]. Frontispiece and 8 plates.
Nicolai Lemery Neue Curieuse Chymische Geheimniifse des Antimonii, durch
mancherley Experimenta eroffnet, und aus denen neuesten Principiis Physicis
kliirlich erwiesen, aus dem Frantzosischen ins Teutsche iibersetzt von Johann
Andreas Mahlern, Med. Doct. Dresden, bey Joh. Jacob Wincklern, 1709.
8°. Pp. [32] 560 [14]. Title red and black.
[Another Copy.]
Pharmacopee Universelle, contenant toutes les Compositions de Pharmacie
qui sont en usage dans la Medecine, tant en France que par toute 1'Europe ;
leurs Vertus, leurs Doses, les manieres d'operer les plus simples & les
meilleurs. Avec un Lexicon Pharmaceutique. Plusieurs Remarques
Nouvelles, et des Raisonnemens sur chaque Operation. Par Nicolas Lemery,
de I'Academie Royale des Sciences, Docteur en Medecine. Seconde Edition.
Revue, corrigee & augmente'e. A Paris, Chez Laurent D'Houry, Imprimeur-
Libraire, rue de la Harpe, vis-a-vis la rue S. Severin, au Saint-Esprit.
M.DCCXV. Avec Approbations et Privilege du Roy.
4°. Pp. [20] 1092, with an extra leaf: * 956-7 ; table [42]. Title red and black.
Dictionaire ou Traite Universel des Drogues Simples. Oil Ton trouve leurs
differens noms, leur origine, leur choix, les principes qu'elles renferment, leurs
qualitez, leur etymologic, & tout ce qu'il y a de particulier dans les Animaux,
dans les Vegetaux, & dans les Mineraux. Ouvrage dependant de la Pharma-
copee Universelle. Par Nicolas Lemery, de I'Academie Royale des Sciences,
Docteur en Medecine. Quatrie'me Edition. Revile, corrige'e, & beaucoup
augmente'e par 1'Auteur, Avec des Figures en Taille douce. A Rotterdam,
Chez Jean Hofhout. M DCC XXVII.
4°. Pp. [20] 590 [58]. Title red and black, xxv. plates.
Mantissa Chimica Spagirica.
See PROSPECTUS Pharmaceuticus Galeno-Chymicus, 1698.
22
LEMER Y—LEMNIVS
LEMERY (NICOLAS). Continued.
Lemery was born at Rouen, 17 Nov., 1645
(others 1644). He was trained by an apothecary,
but wishing to extend his knowledge he went to
Paris and attended the demonstrations of Glaser.
As he did not learn with him he departed, and his
dissatisfaction has been the origin of the unfavour-
able estimate formed of Glaser by Fontenelle and
often repeated since, without a question as to its
accuracy (see GLASER). Lemery travelled for six
years, and on his return to Paris began as an
apothecary, but also gave lectures in the laboratory
of a friend, Martin, apothecary of the Prince of
Cond6. Afterwards he gave courses in a laboratory
of his own, and they were thronged by persons
attracted and interested by the clearness of his
explanations and the cleverness of his experiments.
In 1681 (1683?), on account of his religious
opinions, he went to England, but, as affairs did not
turn out as he expected, he returned to France and
graduated in medicine at Caen, in 1683. The Re-
vocation of the Edict of Nantes deprived him of
the right to practise medicine, so he joined the
Romish church in 1686, and resumed his courses.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 836.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 387 (Add. XI. vi. * * ).
Cornelius a Beughem, Syllabus recens explora-
torum in re medico, physica & chymica, 1696, p.
188 (de remedio cpntra colicam nephriticam).
Fontenelle, ' Eloge,' Histoire de I' Acaddmie
royale des Sciences, annee 1715 ; Paris, 1718, pp.
73-82.
Niceron, Mdmoires, 1728, iv. pp. 212-220 ; 1731,
x. pt. 2, p. 142.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scrip/or um Medicorum,
1731, II. i. pp. 66-67.
Stolle, Anleitung sur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, Jena, 1731, pp. 700, 701, 801 (life),
802, 803.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallic^,
1732, p. 90.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-L^xicon, Jena,
1740, p. 468.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
HermMque, 1742, iii. pp. 6, 7, 202, 334, 335, 336,
337-
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrtett-I^exicon, Leipzig,
1750, ii. col. 2357 ; and Rotermund's Fortsetzting
und Erganzungen, 1810, iii. col. 1561.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine,
1755, ii. p. 114; 1778, iii. p. 47.
Gottingische Gekhrte Anzeigen, 1755, Bd. i.
p. 430 (review of the fifth edition of his chemistry).
MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique et
critique, 1759, VI. ii. p. 228.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 809.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 129-
131 ; 228, 242, 251, 431.
Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 57.
Reuss, Reperlorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 3, 91, 141, 143.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemise/ten Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 179, 211, 221, 222, 223.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1815, xx. p. 160.
In 1699 ne was made associate of the Academy in
chemistry, and succeeded Bourdelin as pensioner.
He died of apoplexy, 19 June, 1715, and was
succeeded in the Academy by his son, Louis.
The Cours de Chimie was first published at Paris
in 1675, 7th edition, Paris, 1688, small 8°; 8th
edition, Paris, 1696, 8°, with a portrait of the
author ; loth edition, Paris, 1712, and the last
Paris, 1756, 4°, edited by Th. Baron d'Henou-
ville. It was translated into Latin, German,
English, and Spanish.
His Nouvel Recueil de Secrets et Curiosity's les
plus rares was published at Amsterdam, 1709,
2 vols. , 8°.
Pharmacopte Universelle, Paris, 1697 and 1706,
4°-
Trail^ . . . des drogues simples, Paris, 1698 (?) ;
2d ed. 1714 (?); another edition, 1759.
He was the author of papers on camphor, honey,
&c., in the Paris Memoirs. A very full list of his
works is given by QueYard and Haag.
His son, Louis Lemery, was demonstrator of
chemistry in the Jardin du Roi.
Biographie Universelle, Paris, 1819, xxiv. p. 47;
Paris, n.d. xxiv. p. 83.
Rees, The Cyciopeedia, 1819, xx. sub voce.
Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), v- P- 572.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
p. 291.
Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p.
235-
Que"rard, La France litttraire, Paris, 1833, v.
p. 141.
Cap, Eloge, couronne'e par 1 Acade'mie de Rouen,
1838 ; reprinted in Cap's Etudes Biographiques,
1857, Premiere Se>ie, pp. 180-226.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 293-
300 ; 1869, ii. pp. 284-290.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 183-185,
&c., &c.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 289.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, ii.
p. 8.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855. PP- S°5. 864.
Haag, La France Protestante, 1856, vi. pp. 538-
544 (notice with good lists).
Lebreton, Biographie Normande, Rouen, 1857-
61, ii. p. 497.
Edouard Frere, Manuel du Bibliographe Nor-
matid, Rouen, 1858-60, ii. p. 204.
Hoefer, Nouvelle Biographie Gdndrale, Paris,
1862, xxx. col. 593.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-liferarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1417.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mddi-
cales, 1869, 2eme SeYie, ii. p. 147.
Kopp, Beitrdge, 1875, "'• P- J86.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii.
p. 665 (article by Pagel).
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 56.
LEMNIUS (LEVINUS).
Levini Lemnii Medici Zirizsei, De Habitu et Constitutione Corporis, quam
Grseci Kpaariv, Triuiales Complexionem vocant, Libri II. ; Omnibus quibus
secunda valetudo cura est, apprime necessarii : ex quibus cuiq; procliue erit
LEMNIUS 13
LEMNIUS (LEVINUS). Continued.
corporis sui conditionem, animique motus, ac totius conseruandre sanitatis
rationem ad amussim cognoscere. Nunc vero ab innumeris mendis, quibus
passim scatebant, vindicati, formaq; commodiore in lucem editi. Cum Indice
rerum & verborum copiosissimo. Francofurti Typis Nicolai Hofmanni,
sumtibus lonae Rhodii. M.DC.IV.
8°. Pp. [16] 185. Index [9).
This accompanies the 1611 reprint of the De stone of Complexions . . . now Englished by T. N.,
Miraculis. There is an Italian version : Delia London, 1633, small 4°, pp. [8] 248 [10, 2 blank].
complessione del corpo humano libri due, Venetia, The translator's name is Thomas Newton.
1564, 8°, ff. [4] 124 ; and in English : The Touch-
De Miraculis Occultis Naturae, Libri IIII. Item de Vita cum Animi et Corporis
incolumitate recte instituenda, liber vnus. Illi quidem iam postremum emen-
dati, & aliquot capitibus aucti, hie vero nunquam antehac editus : Auctore
Levino Lemnio Medico Zirizaeo. Francofurti Typis Nicolai Hofmanni,
Impensis lonoe Rhodij. M.DC.IV.
8°. Pp. [16] 582. Indices [55, 3 blank].
The Secret .Miracles of Nature : in Four Books. Learnedly and Moderately
treating of Generation, and the Parts thereof; the Soul, and its Immortality;
of Plants and living Creatures ; of Diseases, their Symptoms and Cures, and
many other Rarities not treated of by any Author Extant ; whereof see more
in the Table of the Contents. Whereunto is added one Book containing
Philosophical and Prudential Rules how Man shall become Excellent in all
conditions, whether high or low, and lead his Life with Health of Body and
Mind. Fit for the use of those that practise Physick, and all Others that
desire to search into the Hidden Secrets of Nature, for increase of Knowledg.
Written by that Famous Physitian, Laevinus Lemnius. London, Printed
by Jo. Streater, and are to be sold by Humphrey Moseley at the Prince's Arms
in S. Paul's Church- Yard, John Sweeting at the Angel in Popes-Head Alley,
John Clark at Mercers-Chappel, and George Sawbridge at the Bible on
Ludgate-Hill, 1658.
Folio. Pp. [16] 398. Title red and black.
Similitudinum ac Parabolarum quse in Bibliis ex Herbis atque Arboribus
desumuntur, dilucida explicatio : In qua narratione singula loca explanantur,
quibus Prophetas, obseruata stirpium natura, conciones suas illustrant, diuina
oracula fulciunt : Auctore Levino Lemnio. Seorsum accesserunt de Gemmis
aliquot, iis prsesertim quarum D. loannes Apostolus in sua Apocalypsi
meminit : De aliis quoque, quarum vsus hoc seui apud omnes percrebuit, Libri
II, Auctore Francisco Rueo, D. medico Insulano. Item Levini Lemnii De
Astrologia Lib. I. Francofurti Ex Officina Paltheniana, sumtibus viduas
Petri Fischeri. M.D.XCVI.
8°. Pp. [15, i blank] 288. At p. 171 there is a separate title to Rueus' tract, but
the pagination is continuous.
The tract, De Astrologia, begins on p. 257, with a half-title.
These tracts are printed along with certain editions of the treatise of Vallesius de
Sacra Philosophic, (q.v.).
LEMNIVS—LE MORT
LEMNIUS (LEVINUS). Continued.
Levinus Lemnius, or Lemmens, was born at
Zirickzee, 20 May, 1505, studied first theology,
then medicine under Vesalius, and was a friend of
Dodoens and Conrad Gesner. He graduated at
Padua in 1525, became a successful practitioner in
his native place, and died there (in orders, after his
wife's death), i July, 1568. He did not write on
alchemy or chemistry. His chief work, De
Miraculis . . . Natures, in two books, was first
published at Antwerp, 1559, 8°. The preface is
Miraeus, Elogia Belgica sive illustrium Belgi
Scriptorum . . . vitce, Antverp., 1609, p. 99 (under
Fr. Ruasus).
Castellanus, Vitce illustrium medicorum, 1617,
p. 227.
Adami, Vitce Germanorum Medicorum, 1620,
p. 99.
Franciscus Sweertius, Athence Belgicce, 1628,
P- SOS-
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, P- 335-
Valerius Andreas, Bibliotheca Belgica, Lovanii,
1643, p. 608.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 465.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 748-9.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 1245.
Jo. Fabricius, Histories Bibliothecce Fabricianes
Pars VI., 1724, pp. 269, 270, 387.
Nicolaus Comnenus Papadopolus, Historia
Gymnasii Patavini , Venet. , 1726, ii. p. 218, No. 99.
Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730,
iii. p. 72.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 70.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce,
1732, p. 90.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 157 (ii. 2. 2. n).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1738, xvii. col. 66.
Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, "• P- 792>
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 468.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii.
col. 2359 ; Rotermund's Forlsetzung und F.rgan-
zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1568.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine,
I755- »• P- I2° I Z778, iii. p. SQ-
dated December, 1558. It was again published
in 1561, 8°, ff. [16] 164. It was enlarged to four
books, and published at Antwerp, 1564, 8°. The
following editions are enumerated by me in ' Notes
on . . . Books of Secrets': Antwerp, 1574, 1581;
Francof., 1590, 1604, 1611 ; Commelin's, s. a. ;
French by Gohory, Paris, 1567, 1574 ; Orleans,
1568. There are other editions and translations
into German by Jacob Horst, 1572, 1588, and
Italian, 1560, 8°, ff. [16] 181 [3 blank].
Freytag, Adparatus litterarius, 1755, iii. pp.
775-776.
Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 335.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 334.
Les Bibliothtques Francoises de La Croix du
Elaine et de Du Verdier, revue . . . par Rigoley
de Juvigny, 1773, iv. (Du Verdier, T. ii.) p. 586
(Gohory's translation of 1574).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 221
(contents of 'De occultis naturaj miraculis Libri
iv.').
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practical, 1777, ii.
p. 136.
Saxius, Onomasticon literarium, 1780, iii. pp.
304, 638.
Weigel, Einleitung zur allgemeinen Scheidekunst,
1788, i. p. 286.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 351-
352-
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. i.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Chemie, 1832, p. 404.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i.
p. 212.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1419.
Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der
Nederlanden, 1865, xi. p. 315.
Haeser, Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medizin,
1881, ii. p. 141.
Ferguson, ' Notes on ... Books of Secrets,'
Transactions of the Archaeological Society of Glas-
gow, 1883, ii. pp. 187, 250 ; 1890, New Series, i. p.
216.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. p.
666.
LE MORT QAKOB).
Jacobi Le Mortii, M. D. P. E. C. Chymise Verse Nobilitas & Utilitas, in Physica
Corpusculari, Theoria Medica ejusque Materia et Signis, ad majorem per-
fectionem deducendis. Comprehendens opera ejus omnia, hucusque typis
comrnissa. Quibus seorsim excusa Collectanea, Maetsiana & Marcgraviana,
Bibliopolae subjunxerunt Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Fredericum Haaring,
Cornelium Boutesteyn, 1696.
4°. Pp. [2 blank, 10] 150 [14]; [2] 173 [18, i blank]; [2] 237 [11] 2 plates; [4]
228 [10, 2 blank]. The last tract wants pp. 113-4. Title red and black.
This collection is made up of the following tracts
which have separate signatures and pagination.
Jacob Le Mort. Chymise verae nobilitas &
utilitas.
Jacob Le Mort. Pharmacia medio - physica
ratione & experientia nobilitata.
Lemort (or Jakob le Mort) was the son of an
apothecary at Haarlem, and was born 13 Oct.,
1650. He was at school at Leyden and then in
Jacob Le Mort. Chymia medico-physica ratione
& experientia nobilitata.
Collectanea Chymica Leidensia Maetsiana &
Marcgraviana, olim publice & privatim in Academia
Lugduno-Batava Chymiam profitentium, ac docen-
tium.
the university, where at first he studied theology
for three years, but then went to Amsterdam and
took up the study of chemistry, intending to
LE
VNtYERS/TY /
' ;£O2*
—LENTILIUS
LE MORT QAKOB). Continued.
become an apothecary. On the death of his father
he returned to Leyden and studied medicine and
pharmacy, worked in the laboratory of Karel
Lucas de Maets, but in 1672, in consequence of
some disagreement, he opened a laboratory of his
osvn. Three years later, in 1675, ne started a
pharmacy, where he was visited by a number of
sick people for advice. He also gave instruction in
chemistry, pharmacy, and theoretical and practical
medicine, but this was an offence to the doctors,
because he had no degree.
Mercklin, l.indenius renovatus, 1686, p. 487.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 71.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallictz,
1732, p. 104.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 485.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 691 ; Rotermund's Fortsettung und Ergan-
zungen, 1813, iv. col. 2146.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mfdecine,
1755, ii. p. 116; 1778, iii. p. 52.
Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medi-
corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 773.
Paquot, Aftfmoires pour servir a I'histoire lit-
itraire des dix-scpt Provinces des Pays-Has, 1763-
v. p. 136.
Haller, Bibliot/ieca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 763.
Six days later, in 1676, lie got the degree of M.D.
from Utrecht. Returning to Leyden he renewed
his practice and his teaching, on 28 Dec., 1694 he
received permission to give public instruction in
chemistry, and in. 1702 he was created professor in
the faculty. He died i April, 1718.
He wrote : Compendium chymicum, Lugd. Bat.,
1682, 12°; Chymia Medico-Physica, Lugd. Bat.,
1684, 8°, pp. [8] 275 [25]; 1688, 8°; and other works.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, '"'•
p. 428.
Jon. Wilh. Te Water, Narratio de rebus Aca-
demic Lugduno-BatavcB seculo octavo et decimo . . .
Lugd. Bat., 1802, p. 199.
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 3.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 284 ;
1869, ii. p. 275.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 116 ;
1847, iv. pp. 155, 193.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicate, 1855, yi.
P- 3-
Nouvelle Biographie Gtnlrale, 1859, xxx. col.
631.
Van der Aa, Biografhisch Woordenboek der
Nederlanden, 1869, XII. ii. p. 1064 (and references).
LENGLET DUFRESNOY (NICOLAS).
Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique. Accompagnee d'un Catalogue raisonne
des Ecrivains de cette Science. Avec le Veritable Philalethe, revu sur les
Originaux. Tome Premier. A Paris, chez Coustelier, Libraire, Quay des
Augustins. M.DCC.XLII. Avec Approbation & Privilege du Roy.
12°. Tome Premier, pp. [xxiij. i blank] 486 [20]. Tome Second, pp. xxxij. 120
(Transmutations Metalliques) ; 360 ('Le Veritable Philalethe'). Tome Troisieme,
pp. [22] 432.
Lenglet Dufresnoy (born at Beauvais, 5 Oct.,
1674) was a voluminous writer on historical sub-
jects, and was possessed of a prodigious memory.
He died 6 Jan., 1752 (others 1755), in consequence
of the injuries he received by falling into the fire
when asleep beside it.
The present work consists of four parts : lives of
alchemists, with a chronological table ; histories of
transmutations ; a translation of Philaletha, and
a bibliography of alchemical books. The biblio-
graphy certainly contains more titles, but as
far as the execution is concerned it shows but
little advance on Borel's efforts a hundred years
earlier. The author did not believe in alchemy,
Michault, Memoires pour servir a I'histoire de la
vie et les outrages de M. I'Abbt Lenglet du Fresnoy,
Paris, 1761, 12 r.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 471.
Baumer, Bibliotheca chemica, 178^, p. 73.
Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern (.hftnie, 1785,
p.. 560.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 302.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter-
mund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. 1582 (gives a
but he does not give any reason, historical or
scientific, for not believing in it, and his criti-
cism of books is simply persiflage, which he
frequently repeats. One asks why he selected the
subject at all. If to him alchemy was a delusion,
transmutation deception, and the literature verbi-
age, it was hardly necessary to write three volumes
to demonstrate his unbelief. He did not seem to
be aware that there was any historical significance
in the origin, growth, and death, of the alchemical
idea.
The work published by Figuier, L'Alchimie et
les Alchimistes, Paris, 1856, is a rehabilitation of
the descriptive part of Lenglet Dufresnoy 's book.
short summary of his life and a list of his works,
but omits the above).
Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 85 ; no
date, xxiv. p. 118.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 545.
QueYard, La France Litteraire, 1833, v. p. 158.
Nouvelle Biographie Gtnerale, 1862, xxx. col.
661.
\ji&r&ypR,Bibliothe<]ueOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 550, 631, 1737, 1742.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 7, 9, 375.
LENTIL1US (Rosmus).
Wolgemeintes Bedenken, uber die zu Friihlings- und Herbst-Zeiten unzeitig
angestellte Praservir-Ader-lassen. Und wie solche zu bequemerer Zeit
26
LENTIL! US— LEONARD US
LENTILIUS (ROSINUS). Continued.
anzustellen, bey miissigen Stunden aufgesezzet von Rosino Lentilio, Academ.
Leopold. Imperial. Nat. Curios. Colleg. d. Oribasio. Ulm, In Verlag
Georg Wilhelm Kiihnen, An. 1692.
8°. Pp. [12] 49 LI]-
Not about chemistry.
Rosinus Lentilius, whose name is also written
Linsenbahrdt, was born at Waldenberg 3 Jan.,
1657. He graduated M.D. and practised at Crails-
haim in Franconia, at Nordlingen and Stuttgart.
Subsequently he was appointed private physician
to the Marcgrave of Baden Durlach and the Duke
of Wiirtemberg, and accompanied the latter on his
travels in Holland, France and Spain. On the 31
Mercklin, Lindemus renovatus, 1686, p. 949.
Cornelius a Beughem, Syllabus recens explora-
torum in. re medico, physica &•» chymica, 1696, pp.
75-77 (from the Ephemer. Acad. Nat. Curiosorum}.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 71.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 470.
Jdcher, Allgtmcines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii.
col. 2365 ; Rotermund's Fortselzung und Ergan-
zungen, 1810, iii. col. 1589.
Buchner, Academies . . . Natures Curiosvnim
Historia, 1755, p. 472, No. 116.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine,
1778, iii. p. 84.
July, 1683, he was elected to the Academia Naturae
Curiosorum. He died at Stuttgart, 12 Feb., 1733.
He wrote both on medical and physical subjects,
and was the first to advise arsenic in intermittent
fevers. In chemistry he wrote on hermetic phos-
phorus, on the coal used in England for fires, on
the difference between fermentation and efferves-
cence.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 117,
139, 215, 222 (mineral waters), 351 (English drops).
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 2, 43, 104, 109, 146.
Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 6.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
PP- 465, 553-
Phillippe und Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
l85S, P- 572-
Poggendorff, Biographisch-hterarisches Hand-
•worierbuch, 1863, i. col. 1423.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1883, xviii. p.
262.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 60 (mineral
waters).
LENTIN (AUGUST GOTTFRIED LUDEWIG).
See KEIR (JAMES), 1791.
He was born at Dannenberg 4 Jan., 1764, took
the degree of Ph. D. and acted as privat-docent at
Gottingen from 1795 to 1801. In 1795 ne wrote a
paper on the behaviour of metals when heated in
deplogisticated air, and in 1798 the first part of his
'Taschenbuch fur Freunde der Gebirgskunde.'
At this time he visited England, and wrote ' Briefe
iiber die Insel Angelsea," Leipzig, 1800, 8°, and at
Hannover in the same year, a translation of a work
by his father, a physician at Hannover, who died
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chcmie, 1799, iii. p. 345
(iiber das Verkalken der Metallen).
26 Dec., 1804, ' Memorabilia circa aerem, vitae
genus, sanitatem et morbos Clausthaliensium An.
1774-77.' He was appointed clerk to a saltwork at
Rothenfeld, and in 1817 salt inspector at Siilbeck
and Salzderhelden in the kingdom of Hannover.
He also made experiments on the roasting and
smelting of ores at the Rammelsberg in a large
furnace.
He died at Siilbeck, near Eimbeck, 18 Jan., 1823.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•wbrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1423.
LEO.
See PRACTICA Leonis Viridis.
See VERBUM abbreviatum Fratris Raymundi de leone viridi.
See also RAYMUNDUS.
See also LOWE.
For works in which Leo, or Lowe, or Leu, or Leeuw, or Lion, appears in the title, see Kopp, Die
Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 379.
LEONA CONSTANTIA.
See LEADE (JANE).
LEONARDUS (CAMILLUS).
Speculum Lapidum Camilli Leonard!. Cui accessit Sympathia septem
Metallorum ac septem selectorum Lapidum ad Planetas. D. Petri Arlensis de
LEONARDVS—LEONHARD 27
LEONARDUS (CAMILLUS). Continued.
Scudalupis Presbyteri Hierosolimitani. Parisiis, Apud Carolum Seuestre, &
Dauidem Gilliu via jacobaea e regione Mathurinoru. Et Joannem Petitpas,
via D. Joa. Lateran. in collegio Cameracensi. 1610. Cum priuilegio Regis.
8°. Sigs. a, e in eights, i in six. Pp. 499 [i blank]. Index [36].
The title is engraved and represents the portal of a Temple or Tomb, with the
above engraved in the centre.
De Scudalupis' tract begins p. 245. It is preceded by a blank leaf and a separate
title, both included in the signatures but not in the paging.
In this copy two leaves containing the portraits of the author and of the Duke
de Nivernois are wanting, and the engraved title and another leaf have been pasted
together.
The author was an Italian physician in Pesaro at Venice in 1565 as his own : ' 6 turpe plagium ! 6
the beginning of the i6th century. He was much detestabile furtum ! 6 calamitatem deplorandam
esteemed by Caesar Borgia to whom he dedicated Litterariae Republicse ' ; as Baglivi righteously
this book on precious stones. The dedication is exclaims. This is noticed also by Saxius. But
dated Id. Sept. , 1502. The book was printed at Baglivi is wrong about the date of the first edition.
Venice in 1502 by Joan. Baptist. Sessa, in 4^, The English version was printed in London,
ff.lxvi., but Van der Linden and Mercklin and 1750, 8", pp. 240; but Book III., relating to en-
Rotermund say at Pesaro, an edition which I have graved stones, is omitted.
not seen. Then, Venice, 1516,4°, ff.lxvi. , by Melchior Rotermund's criticism is that he has collected
Sessa and I'etrus de Ravanis ; Aug. Vindel., 1533, many fables about the formation and hidden powers
4° ; Paris, 1610, 8° : Hamburg, 1717, 8°. This of precious stones.
last edition contains a ' Clavis to the Sympalhia According to Vogt the present edition is mutilated
by Petrus Constantinus Albinius, first printed in and worthless. I have compared this 1610 edition
1611. Baglivi says it was written in 1516, and roughly with that of 1502, and so far as I have
published at Venice, and then Leonardus' book was observed it is a literal reprint, except that the table
translated into Italian by Ludovico Dolci, who, of chapters has been omitted,
suppressing the author's name, had the assurance The present seems to be the first publication of
to put his own name on it, and published it at the tract of Petrus Arlensis (q.v.).
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii.
1637, p. 93. col. 2382 ; Rotermund, Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 138. 1630.
Baglivi, Opera Omnia Medico-practica et anatom- Christ. Saxius, Oaomasticon Literarium, 1780,
ica, Ed. 6ta, 4°, Lugduni, 1704, p. 500, in his iii. p. 397 (under Ludovicus Dulcis).
' Dissertatio de Vegetatione Lapidum.' Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, pp. 594, 658.
1731, II. i. p. 73. Lessing, Kollectaneen zur Literatur, 1790, i. pp.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca: metallica, 204, 212.
1732, p. 90. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors), ii.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 5990.
p. 472. Pouchet, Histoire dcs Sciences Naturelles au
Vogt, Catalogus . . . Librorumrariorum, Hamb. , Moyen Age^ 1853, p. 519.
1747. P. 54-
LEONHARD VON ALTENBURG.
Delarvatio Tincturae Philosophorum, das ist: Kurtze und einfaltige Erklahrung
des Lapidis Benedicti, worinnen die Hieroglyphica Nomina Philosophorum
obscura, welche die Philosophi senigmatisch beschrieben, klar und deutlich
gemachet, durch einen der wahren Philosophic Liebhabern entdecket und
erklaret, der in der Wahrheit Genuine Feuer-Arbeit Liebet, und da es wohl
heissen mag : Aut hie, aut nusquam. Ober- und Nieder-VVasserberg, gedruckt
durch Mercurium Schwefelmann. 1769.
8°. Pp. [16, including the emblematical frontispiece] 94. Register [xoj.
An edition, probably the first, with the same The author is Leonhard von Altenburg, accord-
imprint appeared in 1747 (Ladrague, Bibliotheque ing to the Hermetisches A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 122.
Ouvaroff, 1870, No. 1463 ; Kopp, Die Alchemie,
1886, ii. p. 352).
Delarvatio Tincturae Philosophorum.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 122.
28
LEONHARDI— LESSER
LEONHARDI (JOHANN GOTTFRIED).
See BAYEN (PIERRE), Chymische Untersuchungen iiber das Zinn, 1784.
Leonhardi was born at Leipzig, 18 June, 1746.
He studied there, graduated in philosophy, and in
1771 in medicine. As a privat-docent he read
lectures on medicine and chemistry, and in 1781
was extraordinary professor of medicine at Leipzic,
and iu 1782 ordinary professor of medicine at
Wittenberg. He performed the duties of this
office till 1791 when he was summoned to Dresden
to be physician and Hofrath to the Elector. He
retained his professorship for which he provided a
deputy. He died at Dresden, n Jan., 1823.
He wrote numerous dissertations on chemical,
physical and physiological topics ; translated Mac-
quer's Chemical Dictionary, 6 vols. , 1781-1783;
second edition, enlarged, 7 vols., 1788-1791; the
additions were printed separately in 1792. He
translated also Scheele's Treatise on Air and Fire,
1782, 8° ; Schwedisches Apothekerbuch, Leipzig,
1782, and published other works.
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 10.
L. F. F. Fleming, De Vita et Meritis deati Joh.
Gottfr. Leonhardi, Dresden, 1823, 8°.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historiqiie de la Mlde-
cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 431.
Kopp, Geschichle der Chemie, 1847, iv. pp. 82,
97- 3i°-
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855,
ii. p. 708.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aersfe aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. p.
674 (article by Pagel).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 655,
688.
Weis, Das Gelehrte Sachsen, Leipzig, 1780.
Klabe, Neuestes Gelehrtes Dresden, Leipzig,
1796.
Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon
der jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller , 1797, iv.
p. 417.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 688
note f ; 1799, iii. pp. 318, 615, 722, 797 note d, 800,
802, 820, 851, 903.
Reuss, Repertorium Coinmentationum, 1803, iii.
(C 'hernia et Res Metallica), p. 174.
LE PELLETIER JEAN).
La Pyrotecnie de Starkey, 1706.
See STARKEY (GEORGE).
LESSER (FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN).
Friedrich Christian Lefsers, der Kirchen zu S. Jacob und Martin in der
Kayserl. freyen Reichs-Stadt Nordhausen Pastoris des Minister! i daselbst, der
Kayserl. Academic der Naturforscher, der Konigl. Preufs. Gesellschaft der
Wissenschaften, und der Konigl. Grosbrittannis. teutschen Gesellschaft zu
Gottingen Mitgliedes, Lithotheologie, das ist : Natiirliche Historic und
Geistliche Betrachtung derer Steine, also abgefafst, dafs daraus die Allmacht,
Weifsheit, Giite und Gerechtigkeit des grossen Schopffers gezeuget wird,
Anbey viel Spriiche der Heiligen Schrifft erklahret, und die Menschen allesamt
zur Bewunderung, Lobe und Dienste des grossen Gottes ermuntert werden.
Neu-verbesserte Auflage. Hamburg, bey Christian Wilhelm Brandt. 1751.
8°. Pp. xlviii. 1488. Register [64]. 3 folding tables. 10 engraved plates,
one of which is of the Prague medal. Wo<
Lesser was born at Nordhausen, 29 May, 1692,
acted as tutor in Berlin, pastor of the church ' nd
montem Marias Virginis ' and administrator of the
Orphanage at Nordhausen, and died there 17
Sept., 1754. He was devoted to natural history,
and besides the present work (ist ed. Hamburg,
1736) he wrote others of a similar character on the
[64]. 3 folding
Voodcut.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliolhecce vietallicce,
1732, p. 91.
Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum
Historia, Halae, 1755, p. 503, No. 452.
Joh. Philip Friedr. Lesser, Nachricht von dem
Leben und Schrifften Herrn Friedrich Christian
Lesser, Nordhausen, 1755, 4°, pp. 64.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 368.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 280.
Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800
verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1808, viii. p.
172.
sun, insects, and one called Testaceotheologie.
He wrote a description of a visit he paid that
remarkable place at Rubeland, in the Harz : Bau-
maiin's Huhle, Nordhausen, 1734, 4th ed. 1745.
He was a member of the Leopoldine Academy, and
the Berlin Academy.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrlen-Lexicon ; Roter-
mund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. 1683 (and refer-
ences).
Biographie Universe lie, 1819, .xxiv. p. 301 ; no
date, xxiv. p. 317.
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 23.
Nouvelle Biographie Giln^rale, 1862, xxx. col.
966.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1436.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 236 ; ii. p. 196.
LETTER-LEUTMANN 29
LETTER.
A strange Letter concerning an adept.
See FREDERICK, Duke of Holsatia and Sleswick.
LETTER (A) to the true Disciples of Hermes, containing six principal Keys
of the Secret Philosophy. [Signed : Dives Sicut Ardens S * * * .]
See HERMETICAL (The) Triumph, 1723, p. 116.
LETTRE aux Vrais disciples d'Hermes contenant six principales Clefs de la
Philosophic Secrete. [Signed : Dives Sicut Ardens S * * * , i.e. Sanctus
Desiderius, or Limojon de Saint Disdier (y.v.)].
See TRIOMPHE (Le) Hermetique, 1689, 1699, p. 121.
LETTRE d'un Philosophe sur le Secret du Grand Oeuvre.
See LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE), l688.
LETTRE Philosophique.
See PHILOVITA.
LETZTES Testament eines Vaters seinem liebsten Sohne hinterlassen.
See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM, 1705, Alipuli : Centrum Natures Concentralum,
p. 68.
LEURSEN (JOHANN GERHARD).
Chymischen Schauplatzes Vortrab, das ist : Griindliche Anleitung zu der waren
Chymie, worinnen begriffen der Animalien, Vegetabilien, Mineralien und
Metallen Ursprung und Kraffte, Wachfsthumb und Verwandlung, aus selbst
eigner Erfahrung mit unumbstofslichen Griinden bewiesen und erklaret, durch
Johann Gerhard Leursen.
Sap. c. 12. v. r. Und dein unverganglicher Geist ist in Allen.
Franckfurt am Mayn, bey Jacob Gottfried Seyler, Minden, druckts Johann
Piler, M.DC.LXXXI.
4°. Pp. 39 [i blank],
Lenglet Dufresnoy quotes an edition: Franckfurt, 1708, 8°, which is copied by Gmelin. Neither of
them takes any notice of an earlier edition.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. 321.
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 203.
[Another Copy.]
[Another Copy.]
LEUTMANN (JOHANN GEORG).
Vulcanus Famulans oder sonderbahre Feuer-Nutzung welche durch gute Ein-
richtung der
Stuben-Ofen
Gamine
Brau- und
Saltz-Pfannen
Schmeltz
Destillier
Treib- und
anderer Ofen
LE UTMANN—LE WIS
LEUTMANN QOHANN GEORG). Continued.
kan erlanget, und auf solche Art mit wenigem Holtze starcke Warme und
grosse Hitze gemachet auch das Rauchen in Stuben verhindert werden.
Andere Edition iiber die Helffte vermehret und mit raren Experiments
erklaret von M. Joh. Georg Leutmann, P. D. Wittenberg Bey Gottfried
Zimmermann. 1723.
8°. Pp. [title, 2 blank, 5, i blank] 154, [4] ; title red and black. Table at p. 35,
38 plates, two being numbered 30, and plates lettered A — R. Wants the frontispiece?
Other editions mentioned are : Wittenberg, 1735, 8° ; fifth edition, Wittenberg &
Zerbst, 1764, 8°.
Leutmann was born at Wittenberg, 30 Nov.,
1667, studied theology there, but was also devoted
to mathematics and mechanical science. In 1694
he was pastor at Dabrun, but in 1725 was made
professor of mechanics and optics in the new
Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg, and in
1733 went to Moscow in connection with the
mint. He was distinguished by his mechanical
and optical inventions ; the polishing of glass, an
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 203.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrf en-Lexicon, 1750, ii.
col. 2412 ; Rotermund, Fortsetsung, iSio, iii. col.
1732.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chtmie, 1798, ii. pp. 449,
579-
assay-balance without a tongue, clocks, fire-
engines, and pumps ( ' three necessities of a town,' as
he called them), instruments for investigating the
air, for taking specific gravities, thermometers, etc.,
etc. His books were published at Wittenberg,
Halle, Danzig, and his papers appeared in the
Commentationes of the St. Petersburg Academy.
He died in 1736.
Fischer, Geschichte der Physik, 1802, iii. p. 354 ;
1804, v. p. 16 ; 1805, vi. p. 910.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 236, 357.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 375 ;
1869, ii. p. 367.
LEWENHEIMB (JACOBUS SACHSIUS A).
See SACHS (PHILIP JACOB).
LEWIS.
Experiences Physiques et Chymiques, sur plusieurs Matieres relatives au
Commerce & aux Arts : Ouvrage traduit de 1'Anglois de M. Lewis, de la
Societe Royale de Londres; Par M. De Puisieux. Tome Premier.
A Paris, Chez Desaint, Libraire, rue du Foin-Saint-Jacques. M.DCC.LXVIII.
Avec Approbation, & Privilege du Roi.
12°. Tome Premier, pp. xl. 400. 4 plates. Tome Second, pp. viij. 392.
M.DCC.LXIX., Tome Troisieme, pp. xij. 410 [2]. Engraved plate.
William Lewis was born in London in 1714,
went to Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated
M.A. in 1737 and M.D. in 1745. He went into
practice in 1745, first in London, afterwards at King-
ston-on-Thames, and in 1745 was a^so elected to
the Royal Society. He published a course of Prac-
tical Chemistry, London, 1746, 8°; An experimental
History of the Materia Medica, 1761 ; in German
by Ziegler, 1771 ; in French, 1775 ; The New Dis-
pensatory, London, 1753, Edinburgh, 1781 ; in
German, 1768, again 1783-86, and 1797 ; Pharma-
copoeia Edinburgensis, London, 1748 ; History of
Haller, Bibliotheca Bolanica, 1772, ii. p. 426.
Jerem. David Reuss, Das Gelehrte England . . .
vom Jahr 1770 bis 1790, 1791, p. 241 (death 19 Jan.
1781).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 381,
382. 399, 401 note, 5S8. 696 ; 1799. »>• PP- 20, 35.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 284, 314, 344, 356.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter-
mund's Fortsetsung und Ergdnzungen, 1810, iii.
col. 1737.
Gold, and in German by Ziegler, 1764, 8°; Com-
mercium Philosophico-Technicum, 1763-66, 4 parts,
4° ; in German by Ziegler, Zurich, 1764, 8vo.
There seems to be another translation by Joh. Geo.
Kriinitz, Berlin, 1764, 8vo, 2 parts, and in French,
1768. He translated Caspar Neuman's chemical
works in 1759, and published two papers on
platinum in the Philosophical Transactions for
1754 and 1757. He was one of the founders of the
Society for the Improvement of Arts, Manufactures,
and Commerce. He died 21 Jan., 1781, but others
say 19 Jan.
Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812,
App. iv., p. xliv., 31 Oct., 1745.
Nichols, Literary Anecdotes, 1815, ix. p. 764.
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, ii. (authors),
604^.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p.
458.
QueYard, La France httt'raire, 1833, v. p. 285.
The Georgian Era, 1834,- iii. p. 484.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mede-
cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 451.
LE WIS—LIBA VI US 3 1
LEWIS. Continued.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 368 ; den Aerste aller Zeiten utid Vblkcr, 1886, iii. p.
1869, ii. p. 361. 697.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. pp. 71, Foster, Alumni Oxonienses, 1888 (Late Series),
223. vols. iii. and iv. p. 849.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarischcs Hand- Dictionary of National Biography, 1893, xxxiii.
worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1443. p. 199 (article by W. A. J. Archbold).
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
LEYTER (Die) der Philosophorum.
See SCALA Philosophorum.
LIBAVIUS (ANDREAS).
D. O. M. A. Alchemia. Andreae Libavii Med. D. Poet. Physici Rotemburg.
opera e dispersis passim optimorum autorum, veterum & recentium exemplis
potissimum, turn etiam prseceptis quibusdam operose collecta, adhibitisq;
ratione & experientia, quanta potuit esse, methodo accurata explicata, & in
integrum corpus redacta. Accesserunt tractatus nonnulli Physici Chymici,
item methodice ab eodem autore explicati, quorum titulos versa pagella exhibet.
Sunt etiam in Chymicis eiusdem D. Libavii epistolis, iam ante impressis,
multa, huic operi lucem allatura. Cum gratia & Priuilegio Csesareo speciali
ad decennium. Francofurti Excudebat lohannes Saurius, impensis Petri
Kopffij, M.D.XCVII.
4°. Pp. [18] 424. Index [19]. Device and Colophon [i] 2 blank.
D. O. M. A. Alchymia Andreae Libavii, recognita, emendata, et aucta, turn
dogmatibus & experiments nonnullis; turn Commentario Medico Physico
Chymico : qui exornatus est variis Instrumentorum Chymicorum picturis ;
partim aliunde translatis, partim plane nouis : In gratiam eoruin, qui
Arcanorum Naturalium cupidi, ea absq; inuolucris elementarium & aenigmati-
carum sordium, intueri gaudent. Praemissa Defensione Artis: opposita censurae
Parisianae : Cum Gratia & Priuilegio Caesareo speciali ad decennium.
Francofurti, Excudebat Joannes Saurius, impensis Petri Kopffii. Anno
ClD.lD.VI.
Folio. Pp. [20] 196. Index [12]. F.ngraved border to the title.
D. O. M. A. Commentariorum Alchymioe Andreae Libavii Med. D. Pars Prima,
Sex Libris declarata : Continens explicationeni operationum chymicarum priore artis
libro comprehensarum, adiectis fornacum et aliorum vasorum figuris, partim ex im-
pressis antehac autoribus, partim aliunde acceptis, & ex latibulis officinarum productis.
Pnemissa est Defensio Alchemia; et refutatio obiectionum ex Censura scholae
Parisiensis, quae licet videri nolit hanc Alchemiam, sed Quercetani damnasse, nimis
tamen frigide de arte sentit, eaq; proponit, qu?e in ludibrium & ignominiam artis
simpliciter possunt conuerti, nee sonant aliter : Pag. 15. Antiturq. Alchymite h!c
caussa agitur von Quercitani Cum gratia & priuilegio Cresarco speciali ad decennium.
Francofurti. ad Moenum Excudebat Joannes Saurius impensis Petri Kopffij.
Folio. Pp. [10] 402. Numerous woodcuts of apparatus.
. . . Pars Secunda, continens tractatus quosdam singulares ad illustrationem eoruin
potissimum, quae libro Alchemiae secundo habentur difficiliora laboriosioraq'; quasq";
plurium simul artium adminiculo indigent, & veluti ex multis constituta, peculiarium
scientiarum dignitatem & nomen merentur. Cum Gratia et Privilegio Speciali.
Francofurti. Typis loannis Sanrii, Impensis Petn Kopffii. Anno M.DC.Y1.
Folio. Pp. 192. Index [10, 2 blank].
LIB A VIUS
LIBAVIUS (ANDREAS). Continued.
D. O. M. A. Alchymistische Practic : Das ist, von kiinstlicher Zubereytung der
vornembsten Chymischen Medicinen : In zweyen Tractatlein klarlich entdecket :
Deren das Erste, von destillirten Wassern, Ohlen, Saltzen, Extracten,
quintis essentiis, aquis vitae, floribus, balsamis, &c. Aufs den vegetabilibus
animalibus vnd mineralibus : zu allerley Innerlichen vnd Eusserlichen
Artzneyen recht vnd griindtlich zubereyten : von einem vnbekandten Artisten,
aufs eigner Erfahrung, bester form, auffs fleissigst vnd trewlichst beschrieben :
Das Ander, vom Lapide Philosophorum : Wie derselbe kiinstlich soil
gemacht warden : ohn figiirliche vnd Parabolische reden, eigentlich vnnd
deutlich also gelehret, dafs dergleichen zuvor wissentlich niemals im Truck
gesehen worden. Alle beyde, nach vermogen, vnd verleihung Gottlicher
Gnadt, corrigiert, vnnd erklaret, durch Andream Libavium von Hall in
Sachsen, Medicum vnd Statt Physicum zu Rotenburg auff der Tauber. Mit
Romischer Kayserlicher Mayest. Priuilegien auff sechs Jahr nicht nachzu-
trucken begnadet. Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn, bey Johann Saurn,
In verlegung Petri Kopffen. M.DC.III.
4°. Pp. 293 [3]. Title red and black. Woodcuts in the text.
D. O. M. A. Commentationum Metallicarum Libri Quatuor de Natura
Metallorum, Mercuric Philosophorum, Azotho, et Lapide seu tinctura physi-
corum conficienda. e Rerum Natura, Experientia, et Autorum praestantium
fide Studio & labore Andreae Libavii M. D. P. et Physici Rotemburgici
deprompti & expositi, more veteris philosophise cum perspicuitate euidente.
Francofurti ad Moenum, In Officina Typographica lohannis Saurij, impensis
Petri Kopffij. Anno M.D.XCVII.
4°. Pp. [7, i blank] 392.
[Another Copy.]
D. O. M. A. Exercitationis Casimirianae Loco Trium Qusestionum Scitu
Jucundarum Explicatio.
I. De medicamine Tyriorum, quo a Diodoro Siculo scribuntur in murum
intortos ab Alexandro M. lapides mollivisse ne nocerent.
II. De auro in homine nato ex historia pueri cujusdam Silesij ante annos
21 : certantibus inter se Martino Rulando, & Joh. Ingolstetero, ante sexennium
denuo argumentis propugnante Osvvaldo Crollio, Medicis Chimicis.
III. De ventriculorum lapides, arenas, ossa, aurum, argentum, & alia con-
coquentium virtute ex historijs miris.
De quibus inter Gymnasij Studiosos Disputatio publica erit 16. lanuarii
Anno currente 1615. Coburgi Praeside Andrea Libavio M.D.P.L. Gymnasij
Directore & Prof. Pub. Respondente Primislao Altersbergero Pragensi
Philosophiae Bacc. & Studioso in Casimiriano publ. Ibidemq; ex Officina
Typographica Casparis Bertschij. Anno 1615.
4°. Pp. [20].
Rerum Chymicarum Epistolica Forma ad Philosophos et Medicos quosdam in
Germania excellentes descriptarum Liber primus, in quo turn rerum
LIB A VIUS 33
LIBAVIUS (ANDREAS). Continued.
quarundam naturalium continentur explicationes ingeniosae ; turn Chymiae
disciplina pyronomica, sceuastica & vocabularia cum quibusdam inter arcana
habitis declarantur fideliter. Autore Andrea Libavio Med. D. Poeta &
Physico Rotemburgo tuberano OVK avev 6cov KOL <f>vare<as. Ecce vestibulum
Chymiae. 1595- Cum Priuilegio Cses. Maiest. special ad decennium.
Francofurti, Excudebat Joannes Saurius, impensis Petri Kopffij.
8°. Pp. [32] 300 [i emblem, 3 blank].
. . . Liber Secundus, continens operationes Chymicas artificum praeceptis, naturae
documentis & experientia declaratas, additis de physicis quibusdam & aurificio pro-
blematis iucundis : ad docendum discendumque facilime chymiam vtiliter comparatus
studio & opera Andreae Libavii . . . Claues porrigo : Cape & vtere. . . .
Pp. [30, 2 blank] 615 [i blank].
D. O. M. A. Syntagmatis selectorum vndiquaque et perspicue traditorum
Alchymiae Arcanorum, Tomus Primus. In quern congesta sunt Commentaria
Chymiae hactenus desiderata : Insertis passim Scholijs, & commentationibus
ipsis, ad penitissima huius Philosophiae & Medicinae ducentibus. Conscriptus
et in IIX. Libros digestus. Studio Andreae Libavii Med. D.P.C. & illustris
Gymn. Casimiriani apud Coburgenses Directoris, & Professoris publici.
Cum gratia & priuilegio Caesareo speciali ad decennium. Francofurti
Excudebat Nicolaus Hoffmannus, Jmpensis Petri Kopffii. Anno M.D.CXV.
Folio. Pp. [n, i blank] 480. Index [7, i blank]. Engraved border to the title.
Woodcuts in the text.
. . . Tomus Secundus. In quem congesta sunt partim noua, eaq; penitiora
Spagyrorum secreta, partim prioris tomi nonnulla explicatius tradita, & inter ea etiam
aenigmatica Quercetani, aliorumque Hermeticorum non pauca studiose inuestigata,
declarata & iudicata, ab Andrea Libavio . . . Cum Indice copioso duplici, Chymico
& Medico. . . . Francofurti, . . . Anno M.D.CXIII.
Folio. Pp. [12, 1-8] 9-453. Index [14, i blank]. Border to the title. Separate
leaf with woodcut, p. 307. Woodcuts in the text.
D. O. M. A. Appendix necessaria Syntagmatis Arcanorum Chymicorum Andreae
Libavii, M.D.P.C. Halli-Saxonis Illustris Gymnasii Apud Coburgenses Directoris,
Professoris Publ. et Medici Chymici-practici. In qua praeter Arcanorum nonnullorum
expositionem £ illustrationem, quorundam item Medicorum Hermeticorum, & mysti-
corum descriptionem, continentur defensiones gemmae, Primum eorum quae ab
Henningo Scheunemano, & iuniore Gramano sunt impugnata, Postea quae in transmu-
tatoria metallorum a Nicolao Guiberto, Lotharingo, M.D. quibus fieri potuit viribus,
sunt attentata. Accesserunt
I. ludicium breue de Dea Hippocratis, seu Ilygeia argentea (argentipara)
Henningi Scheunemani, quam nuper excogitauit ex commentariis nostris valde
fugitiuam, deserta causa fixorum istorum quae volaticis Galenicis opposuit infeliciter ;
II. Schema medicinae Hippocraticae & Hermeticae simul, cuius rudimentum doctis
censendum commititur, vt ppstea elaborari ppssit ;
III. Examen Philosophise magicae C'rollii ;
IV. Censura Philosophiae vitalis loannis Hartmanni Marpurgici Professoris ;
V. Admonitio de regulis Nouze Rotas, seu harmonicae Sphaerae Fratrum De
Societate Rosere Crucis iuxta Famas editoe indicem.
Omnia studio & opera Andreae Libavii, M.D. &c. M.DC.XV. Francofurti
Kxcudebat Nicolaus Hoffmannus, Impensis Petri Kopffij.
Folio. Pp. [12] 279 [10] [i, device and colophon] [2 blank].
D. O. M. A. Examen Philosophiae Novae, quos Veteri abrogandae opponitur :
Jn quo agitur de modo discendi nouo :
De veterum autoritate :
De Magia Paracelsi ex Crollio :
De Philosophia viuente ex Seuerino per Johannem Hartmannum :
De Philosophia harmonica magica Fraternitatis De Rosea Cruce.
II. C
34
LIB A VIUS—LIBELLUS
LIBAVIUS (ANDREAS). Continued.
Operi & studio Andreoe Libavii Philos. et Med. D. P.C. Halli-Saxonis, illustris
Gymnasii Casimiriani apud Coburg: Directoris & Professoris public!. Impressum
Francofurti ad Moenum Sumptibus Petri Kopffij. M.DC.XV.
Folio. Pp. 306 [12].
D. O. M. A. Analysis Confessionis Fraternitatis De Rosea Cruce pro admonitione
et instructione eorum, qui, quid iudicandum sit de ista noua factione, scire cupiunt.
Authore Andrea Libavio M.D.P.C. Illustris Gymnasii Casim. Apud Coburgenses
Directore & Professore publico. Impressum Francofurti ad Moenum Sumptibus
Petri Kopffii. M.DC.XV.
Folio. Pp. 28 [2 blank].
See LIBER PRAXEOS ALCHIMICjE.
Libavius was born at Halle in Saxony in 1540,
and graduated doctor of medicine. In 1588 he
became professor of history and poetry at Jena, in
1591 he was a teacher in the gymnasium and town
physician at Rotenburg o/T., and on 20 March,
1607, director of the gymnasium at Coburg, where
he died 25 July, 1616. Though an enthusiastic
chemist and author of numerous works he was not
a blind follower of Paracelsus, but of moderate and
independent views, and carried on controversies
both with the Paracelsists and Galenists as Amwald,
Erastus, Gramannus, Guibertus, Riolanus, Scheune-
mannus, and the Paris school. He was among the
first to describe chemical actions in plain language,
Van der Linden, De Scrip 'tis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 26.
Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. 135.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 47.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 1334.
Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig. NS
recto, Ann. 1616.
Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer
der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 120.
Jo. Casp. Zeumer, Vitce Professorum . . . qui in
. . . Academia lenensi . . . vixerunt et adhuc
•uivunt . . . Jense, 1711, Classis iv. p. 51.
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 805.
Stahl, Zufallige Gedancken . . . uber den Streit
von dem sogenannten Sulphure, 1718, p, 13.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 76.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicin-
ischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 781, 782, 840.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallica,
i732» P- 92.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, n. pp. 250, 403, 434,
445-
Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philosophischen
Historie, 1735, vi. pp. 1239, 1290.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 474-
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Hisloire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 382, 476 ; iii. pp. 203-208 ;
280.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon , 1750, iii.
col. 2417 ; Rotermund's Forsetzung, 1810, iii. col.
1756.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Midecine,
1755, ii. p. 121 ; 1778, iii. p. 68.
Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 363.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 393.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 266.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 254.
and he has the credit ascribed to him of writing the
first real text-book. He attempted the analysis of
mineral waters, and described several substances
which he discovered.
Other works by Libavius are the following :
Gegenbericht von Panacea Am waldina, Franckf.,
1595. 4°, PP- [20] 189 [i].
Singularium . . . Pars Prirna [Quarta], Francof. ,
1599-1601, 8°.
Defensio et Declaratio perspicua Alchemiae trans-
mutatoriae, Vrsellis, 1604, 8°.
Praxis Alchymise, Francof. , 1604, 8°.
Alchymia triumphans, Francof., 1607, 8'.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1776, i.
p. 97 ; 1777, ii. p. 282.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 8.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
PP- 515. 571, 58l> 595-
Christ. Ehrenf. Weigel, Einleitung zur Allge-
meinen Scheidekunst, 1788, i. p. 131.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 345-
51. 353. 35.6, 361- 364. 557, 592 ; 1798, ii. p. 766.
Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen-
kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 28.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Res Metallica), p. 147.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 90-92.
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 37.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827,
iii. p. 550 ; iv. pp. 89, 549, 553.
Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 174.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Akhemie, 1832, p. 348.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, "• P- 29 '>
1869, ii. p. 26.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 112, &c.
1 Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp.
278, 281, 289, 316; 1849, ii. p. 174.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, i.
p. 381.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apolheker,
1855, pp. 453, &c.
Figuier, L Alchimie et les Alchimistes , 1856, p. 70.
J. Giinther, Lebenskizzen der Professoien der
Universitat Jena von 1588 bis 1858, Jena, 1858,
p. 172.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1449.
Ladrague, BibliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 581.
Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875,
iii. p. 145.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 19, 21, 45, 87,
99, 216, 231, 249.
LIBELLUS duodecim aquarum ex libro Emanuelis.
See EMANUEL.
LIB ELLUS— LIGHT 35
LIBELLUS Minera philosophorum, dictus.
See GIN^CEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 349.
LIBELLUS, sive restrictus theoricus, Radius ab Umbra vocatus cum brevi dialogo.
See GIN.*CEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 368.
LIBELLUS qui Testamentum inscribitur.
See ARNALDUS de Villa Nova.
LIBER, cujus nomen Alze.
See ALZE.
LIBER Aureus de Principiis Naturae & Artis.
See BENEDICTUS (LIBERIUS), 1630.
See also LIBER de Principiis Naturalibus, . . .
LIBER de Magni Lapidis Compositione et Operatione, Authore adhuc Incerto.
See LAPIS Philosophorum.
LIBER Mutus Alchemiae mysteria . . . aperiens.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. ad finem.
LIBER Praxeos Alchemicae cum additionibus Libavii.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 700.
LIBER de Principiis Naturalibus, & principiis Artis Chemicae.
See also LIBER Aureus de Principiis Naturae & Artis.
See GIN^ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 517.
See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1785, Hi. p. 1 5 1.
LIBER Secreti maximi totius mundanae Gloriae.
See BARNAUD (NICOLAS), Triga Chemica, 1599, p. 25.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 774.
See PHILOSOPHUS CALLUS anonymus.
LIBER Secretorum.
See KALID.
LIBER de Septem Verbis Philosophorum cum explicatione.
See MAGNI PHILOSOPHORUM Arcani Revelator, 1688, p. 369
LIBER Trium Verborum.
See KALID.
LIBERIUS Benedictus.
See BENEDICTUS (LIBERIUS).
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 608.
LIBORIUS AB INDAGINE (INNOCENTIUS).
See INDAGINE (INNOCENTIUS LIBORIUS AB).
LIGHT.
Das aus der Finsternis von sich selbst hervorbrechende Licht.
See CRASSELLAME (MARC-ANTONIO).
LIGHT— LI EB A UT
LIGHT. Continued.
Licht der Weltweisen.
See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. 126.
Called also Licht aller Philosophorum, or Luminare or Lumen Luminum.
Das hellscheinende Licht in Finsterniss.
See LUX in tenebris lucens.
For Alchemical books referring to ' Light,' see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 385.
Liecht (Vom) der Natur.
See LUMINE (De) Naturae.
See ZWEY schone Chymische Tractatlein.
LIEBAUT QEAN).
Quatre Livres des Secrets de Medecine, et de la Philosophic Chymique. Fails
Francois par M. lean Liebaut Dijonnois, Docteur Medecin a Paris. Esquesls
sont descrits plusieurs remedes singuliers pour toutes maladies tant interieures
qu'exterieures du corps humain : traittees bien amplement les manieres de
distiller eaux, huyles, & quinte-essences de toute sorte de matieres, preparer
rantimoine & la poudre de mercure, faire les extractions, les sels artificiels, &
1'or potable. Derniere Edition. A Rouen, Chez Pierre Calles, Libraire :
rue aux luifs, pres la grand' porte du Palais. M.VI.C.
8°. Pp. [8] 352. Table [6, 2 blank]. Vignette and 52 woodcuts in the text.
This is a translation of the second part of
3esner's De Secretis Remediis Liber, edited by
Caspar Wolfius, and printed by Froschover, in
1569. (See GESNER (CONRAD).) Various editions
of the translation appeared, Lyons, 1593 ; Rouen,
1628, 1643; Paris, s.a., and Gmelin quotes one,
Rouen, 1616, 8°.
The book was translated into English by George
Baker, under the title : The Newe Jewell of Health,
London, 1576, 4°, in black letter with woodcuts. It
was reissued with the title: The Practise of the new
and old Phisicke, London, 1599, 4°.
In the article on Baker in the Dictionary of
National Biography, it is not noticed that this is
the second part of Gesner's work. Liebaut wrote
also Trois Livres de I'embelissemetit et orncment du
corps humain, Paris, 1582, 8°, now rare ; Lyons,
IS95. I2°-
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 26.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 627.
Conring, In Universam artem medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, pp. 109, 123.
Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, Amster-
dam, 1730, iii. p. 114.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731 ,
II. i. p. 79.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 476.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 209.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii.
col. 2425 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1810, ii. col.
1783-
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 274.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 228.
Liebaut, or Lie'bault, was a native of Dijon, born
in the earlier part of the sixteenth century, prac-
tised medicine in Paris, and wrote some medical
and other books.
L' Agriculture et maison rustique de Charles
Etienne et de Jean Liebaut, Paris, 1574, 4° ; en-
larged, Paris, 1586, 4° ; other "editions : Rouen,
1602, 1625, 1637, 1658 ; Paris, 1640, 4° ; Italian, by
Hercules Cato Ferrarius, Venet. 1581, 4° ; German,
by Melchior Sebitz, Argent. 1592, fol. ; Amstelod.
1593, fol., Argent. 1607, Amst. 1622, fol. ; English,
by Richard Surflet, London, 1606, 4° ; Dutch,
Amster. 1588, fol. Beschreibung des edlen Krauts
Nicotiana, 1643, 4°.
In 1594 he signed the Act by which the University
of Paris acknowledged Henry IV. to be their king.
He died at Paris, 21 June, 1596.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practice, 1777, ii.
p. 192.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iii. p. 73.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, ii. pp. 308,
567-
Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 461 ; no
date, xxiv. p. 505.
Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke, (1820-
25). vi. p. 44.
Nouvelle Biographie Gdnirale, 1862, xxxi. col.
172.
Ferguson, ' Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' in
the Transactions of the Archceological Society oj
Glasgow, 1883, ii. pp. 188, 194.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1885, iii. p. 7.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Z.eiten nnd Volker, 1886, iii. p.
7°3-
LIEBHABER 37
LIEBHABER der Cabalistisch-Gottlichen Magie.
See GEDANCKEN, 1754.
LIEBHABER der Chymie.
See KIRCHWEGER (ANTON JOSEPH), Aurese Catenae Homeri Dritter Theil, 1726.
See WUNDER-DREY, 1737.
See GEHEIMNISS vom dem Leben und Vermehrung aller Dinge, 1748.
LIEBHABER der Chymischen Grund-Mischung.
See KURZE Bericht von den Metallischen Glafsern, 1767.
LIEBHABER der curieusen Wissenschaften . . .
See CURIEUSE GEDANCKEN, 1702.
See CURIEUSE UNTERSUCHUNG, 1703.
LIEBHABER der geheimen Physik.
See THEORETISCH und praktischer Wegweiser zur hohern Chemie, 1773.
LIEBHABER gottlicher und natiirlicher Geheimnisse.
See WELLING (GEORG VON), Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum, 1735.
See MICROCOSMISCHE Vorspiele, 1744.
LIEBHABER der Hermetischen Kunst.
See DREBBEL (CORNELIUS).
LIEBHABER der Hermetischen Kiinste.
See RARE PHYSICALISCHE und andere Fragen.
LIEBHABER der Hermetischen Philosophy.
See HOLLANDUS (JOHANN ISAAC), 1665.
LIEBHABER der Koniglichen Kunst Chymiae.
See MYSTERIUM Occultae Naturae, 1657.
LIEBHABER der Naturlehre.
See MAROT (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT), Chymia hydraulica, 1755.
LIEBHABER natiirlicher Wahrheiten.
See VERNUNFTIGE Erklarung der Smaragdenen Tafel des Hermes, 1760.
LIEBHABER naturlicher Wissenschafft.
See GEHEIME Unterredungen, 1722.
LIEBHABER seines Nachstens.
See SCHREIBEN an den Gold-begierigen Liebhaber der Chymie und Alchymie,
1770.
LIEBHABER in Philadelphia.
See GOLDMACHER-CATECHISMUS, 1776.
38 LIEBHABER— LIGNUM
LIEBHABER der Philosophic.
See KONIG (Der sich . . . zeigende), 1711.
LIEBHABER Philosophischer Geheimnisse.
See DREY curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften.
See GLAUBERUS Concentratus, 1715.
LIEBHABER der Philosophischen Kunsten.
See K. (G. A.).
LIEBHABER der reinen Wahrheit.
See KONIGLICHE . . . Special-Concordenz, 1723.
LIEBHABER und Schiiler der geheimen Weisheit.
See THEORETISCH praktisches Handbuch der hohern Chemie, 1784.
LIEBHABER des Theophrasti Paracelsi.
See ERBINAUS VON BRANDAU (MATTHAUS).
LIEBHABER verborgener Kiinste.
See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM, 1705.
LIEBHABER und Verehrer der wahren Weisheit.
See FUNF Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein
The introduction is so signed.
LIEBHABER der wahren Weifsheit.
See GULDENE (Die) Hoffnung, 1721.
LIEBHABER der Wahrheit.
See SCHMIDT (j. G.), 1706.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. 289.
See EROFNETES Philosophisches Vater-Herz, 1750.
See UNWANDELBARE (Die) und ewige Religion der altesten Naturforscher, 1760.
LIEBHABER der Weisheit.
See ARTREMONT (H. D'), Eroffnetes Grab der Armuth, 1702.
See CHYMISCHES LUST-GARTLEIN, 1747.
LIECHT der Natur.
See LIGHT.
LIGHT of Alchymy.
See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy.
See F. (j.), A New Light of Alchymy, 1674.
LIGNUM Vitse.
See BRACESCO (GIOVANNI).
L1LWM—LIMOJON 39
LILIUM inter Spinas.
See JOHANNES de Padua.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 323.
See GRASSHOFF (jOHANN), Aperta Area Arcani Artificiossimi, 1687, P- 67.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 596. .
See PHILOSOPHIA Salomonis, 1753, p. 59.
Borrichius' estimate of this tract is not quite does not connect it with Grasshoff, who was
favourable : Lilium inter Spinas, vere spinosum apparently the author. For the ' lily ' in connection
opus est, &, ut paucis multa, tenebricosum ; but he with alchemy, see Kopp.
Borrichius, Conspectus Serif torum Chemicorum, Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 351.
1697, p. 25, No. xxxv. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 378.
LILIUM de Spinis evulsum.
See TECENENSIS (GUILHELMUS).
According to Kopp (Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 378) this tract was believed by some to be due
to Albertus Magnus.
LILLY (WILLIAM).
See BURMAN (CHARLES), The Lives of ... Elias Ashmole, . . . and . . . William
Lilly, 1774.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Elias Ashmole, Esq. Published from the Original
col. 2439. MS., London, 1715, London, 1822, 8°, pp. [4Ji.-v.
Aikin, General Biography, 1807, vi. p. 277. [6-7] 8-260, 12 portraits. (This is the same as that
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, contained in the above.)
1815, xx. p. 266. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xxi. sub voce. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1462.
William Lilly's History of his Life and Times Dictionary of National Biography, 1893, xxxii.
from the year 1602 to 1681. Written by himself in p. 258.
the sixty-sixth year of his age, to his worthy friend,
LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE).
Lettre d'un Philosophe, sur le Secret du Grand Oeuvre. Ecrite au sujet des
Instructions qu'Aristee a (sic) laissdes a son Fils, touchant le Magistere
Philosophique. Le Nom de 1'Auteur est en Latin dans cet Anagramme-
Dives Sicut Ardens, S. A Paris, Chez Laurent d'Houry, rue S. lacques,
devant la Fontaine S. Severin, au S. Esprit. M.DC.LXXXVIII. Avec
Privilege du Roy.
12°. Pp. 61 [i blank]. Verba Aristei Patris ad filium, p. 42, in Latin and French.
La Lumiere des Mercures, Extraite de Raymond Lulle, pp. 9 [i]. L« Chemin du
Ciel Chymique, Par Jacques Toll, pp. 31 [i blank].
Sendschreiben eines Adepten iiber das Geheimnis der grossen Kunst.
See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1785, iii. p. 95.
CLIII. Aphorismes Chimiques.
See HELMONT (FRANCISCUS MERCURIUS VAN).
Letter (A) to the true Disciples of Hermes.
See HERMETICAL (The) Triumph, 1723, p. 116.
Lettre aux vrays Disciples d'Hermes.
See TRIOMPHE (Le) Hermetique, 1689, p. 121 ; 1699, p. 121.
Sendschreiben an die wahren Schiller Hermetis.
See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph, 1707, p. 195 ; 1765, p. 195.
Limojon was born about 1630 at Avignon of a of many important matters. He accompanied the
noble family belonging to Dauphin^. He was count to the Congress of Nimwegen in 1678, of
ecuyer of Jean-Antoine de Mesme, Count d'Avaux, which he published an account at Paris, 1680, 12° ;
and he acquired his confidence and esteem to such to Holland, 1684, when the count was ambassador,
an extent that he was entrusted with the execution and again when he was ambassador from Louis
40 L1MOJON— LINDERN
LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE). Continued.
XIV. to James II. in Ireland in 1689. Limojon, esteemed at a time when chemistry was in its
who was commissioned by the count to describe to infancy, has become rare ; but one need not much
the French King the state of affairs in Ireland, regret it," says H. Audiffret.
perished on the return journey. He was Knight of The anagram on the title of the above book, and
Mount-Carmel, and of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem. at the end of his Letter to the true disciples of
Besides the above he wrote a book on the city and Hermes, corresponds exactly with Sanctus Desi-
republic of Venice, Amsterdam, Elzevir, 1680; Paris, derius. It is also put as equivalent to Dydacus
1685 ; La Haye, 1683, And La Triomphe hermttique. Senertus, but it is not exact.
" This little work of 153 pages, curious and much
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Nouvelle Biographie Gentrale, 1862, xxxi. col.
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 315. 241.
Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 502 ; no Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
date, xxiv. p. 543 (article by Audiffret). Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1148-1154.
LINDEN (DIEDERICH WESSEL).
Griindliche Chemische Anmerkungen iiber Herrn D. Schiittens Physicalische
Nachricht vom Ursprunge der mineralischen Wasser und den Bestand-Theilen
in dem Clevischen Sauer-Brunnen-Wasser ; wie auch iiber des Herrn von
Welling Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum, und was von dessen Verbesserung der
Metalle zu halten sey. Diesen sind beygefugt niitzliche medicinische Nach-
richten von der Kraft der Mistel gegen die Epilepsie; und von einer neuen
Art den tollen Hunds-Bifs zu heilen. Verfasset, aus dem Englischen iibersetzt
und erleutert von Diederich Wessel Linden. Amsterdam und Leipzig, In
Verlegung Peter Mortier, 1746.
8°. Pp. [16] 260. Index [12], Title red and black. Engraved plate.
The present treatise is only one of several which origin of chalybeate waters and natural hot Baths,
the author wrote upon mineral waters, a subject to London, 1748, 1755 ; Medicinal Mineral Waters at
which he seems to have devoted himself. He Llanrindod in Radnorshire, London, 1756 ; and
wrote tracts on Shadwell Spavv, London, 1749 ; Three letters on Mining, London, 1750.
Hyde Spaw at Cheltenham, 1751 ; Treatise on the
LINDERN (FRANCISCUS BALTHASAR VON).
Speculum Veneris oder Venus-Spiegel worinnen sich ein jeder besehen, und
was fur abscheuliche Zufalle von einer unreinen Liebe sich aussern, wahr-
nehmen, auch im Fall der Noth, in Ermanglung eines habilen Medici oder
Chirurgi, sich selbsten Rath schafTen kan. Nebst einigen merckwiirdigen
Begebenheiten und einem Unterricht einiger approbirten Specificorum durch
vielfaltige Erfahrung an das Licht gestellet von Francisco Balthasare von
Lindern, Medic. Doctor. & Practice. Vierte neuvermehrte Auflage.
Strafsburg, Verlegts Johannes Beck, Anno M DCC LI.
8°. Pp. [8] 64 [14] 617 [31]. Title red and black. Frontispiece extra and
plate of instruments.
This book passed through several editions. It does not relate to chemistry.
Franciscus Balthasar Linder, or von Lindern, a new edition of which appeared in 1747, under the
was born at Buchsweiler in Elsass, i March, 1682, name : Hortus Alsaticus.
studied medicine at Jena under Wedel, graduated He also published some medical works, and
at Strasburg and practised medicine there, where Haller quotes : Unterricht von alien Gebeinen des
he died 25 April, 1755. He cultivated botany and menschlichen Korpers und von der Art zu balsam-
wrote a work entitled Tournefortiusalsaticus, 1728, iren und ohne Drahte ein Sceleton zu praepariren,
Argent., 1710, 12°; Augspurg, 1736, 12°.
Goelicke, Introductio in Historiam litterariam Biographie Mitdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
Anatomes, 1738, p. 465 (his work on Osteology). 25), vi. p. 53.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 223. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 189. genden Aerzte aller 7-eifen und Volker, 1886, iii.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 73. p. 716.
Biographie Universelle, 1819, xxiv. p. 511 ; no .
date, xxiv. p. 554.
LINSIUS—LIVRE 41
LINSIUS (PAULUS).
Occultus Aeris Cibus juxta mentem Hermeticorum quorundam expositus, &
Deo T. O. M. Adjuvante in illustri Salana Permissu Amplissimae Facultatis
Philosophic*, sub Prsesidio M. Pauli Linsii, Fac. Phil. Witt. Adj. Liberalioris
Exercitii Gratia Examini publico submissus a Resp. Aut. Johanne Justo
Biickingio, Alsfeld. Hasso. Ad diem 20. Martii. Jenae, Typis Johannis
Nisi. Anno M.DC.LXXV.
4°. A in four, B in two ; or pp. [12].
Linsius wrote another dissertation, De Corallis, tomica, but, as that work was printed in 1774, it is
printed at Jena this same year, 1675, 4°. Haller not obvious how the anomalous dates are to be
quotes the present tract in his Bibliotheca Ana- reconciled.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 578. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 625.
LINTHAUT (HENRI DE).
Commentaire de Henri de Linthaut, Sieur de Mont-Lion, Docteur en Medecine :
Sur le Tresor des Tresors de Christofle de Gamon, Reveu & augment^ par
1'Auteur. A Lyon, Par Claude Morillon, Imprimeur de Madame la
Duchesse de Montpensier. 1610. Avec Privilege du Roy.
12°. Pp. [8] 177 [3]. Title red and black. Wormed.
Borel quotes the above, and another edition in the first. I have not found any notice either of de
16°, without Linthaut's Commentary, presumably Gamon or of Linthaut.
Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. 101. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 209.
LIVES (The) of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philosophy, with a Critical Catalogue
of the Books m this Science, and a Selection of the most Celebrated Treatises
on the Theory and Practice of the Hermetic Art. London : Lackington,
Allen & Co. 1814.
8°, in fours, pp. 384. Index [2]. Engraved plate.
This copy has also inserted the title-page subsequently printed, viz. :
The Lives of Alchemystical Philosophers ; with a Critical Catalogue of Books in
Occult Chemistry, and a Selection of the most Celebrated Treatises on the Theory and
Practice of the Hermetic Art. London : Printed by Macdonald and Son, Cloth Fair,
for Lackington, Allen, & Co., Finsbury Square. 1815.
The name of the author is nowhere given, but mentioned, but the execution of it is as bad as bad
the book is ascribed to Francis Barrett, the author can be.
of The Magus, as by Watt (Bibliotheca Britannica}, The book, edited by Arthur Edward Waite, was
and in the Catalogues of the British Museum and reissued at London, by Redway, in 1888. The
Advocates' Library. It is a poor production ; the alchemical treatises have been omitted, a number
biographies are superficial and superstitious ; the of additional lives have been inserted and the others
extracts from the hermetic treatises are by no have been enlarged and generally re-written on the
means lucid, and the 'critical catalogue' (pp. 95- basis of the 1815 edition. The catalogue, pp. 276-
112) is about the worst and least critical compilation 306, has had a number of new titles incorporated
of the kind extant. It does contain, however, with it, but it has not been revised and corrected,
a great number of titles and some rare books are and the additions are drawn up pretty much in
the same way as the original entries.
Watt, Bibliolheca Britannica, 1824, i. (authors), mous and Pseudonymous Literature oj Great
77 s. Britain, 1883, ii. p. 1500 (ascribed to Francis
Halkett & Laing, A Dictionary of the Anony- Barrett).
LIVES (The) of ... Elias Ashmole, ... and Mr. William Lilly. 1774.
See BURMAN (CHARLES).
See ASHMOLE (ELIAS).
See LILLY (WILLIAM).
LIVRE de la Nature.
See D * * *
42 LOBGESANG—LOHNEYSS
LOBGESANG (Ein) von der Gottlichen Weifsheit.
See HERMETISCHE (Der) Nord-Stern, 1771, p. 127.
LOCQUES (NICOLAS DE).
Les Rudimens de la Philosophic Naturelle touchant le Systeme du Corps Mixte.
Cours Theorique, ou sont clairement expliquez les Preceptes & les Principes
de la Chymie, qui ont este jusques icy cachez des anciens Philosophes. Par
Nicolas de Locques, Medecin Spargyrique (sic) de Sa Majeste. Livre
Premier. A Paris, Chez Geoffroy Marcher, rue Saint Jacques, a la ville de
Rome. M.DC.LXV. Avec Privilege du Roy.
88. Pp. [22] 184 [8]. Frontispiece. In the 8 pp. at the end are chemical
characters and apparatus.
Les Rudimens . . . Cours Pratique. Ou il est traite" des operations suivant la
Doctrine de Paracelse ; qui n'ont pas jusqu'icy este" connues, que de fort peu de
personnes : Compos6 par Nicolas de Locques, . . . Livre Second. A Paris, . . .
Pp. [16] 214 [a].
Les Rudimens . . . De la Fermentation, Ou on void ce qui se passe interieurement
dans les mouvemens divers des substances. Avec le Traitte' du Sang & les proposi-
tions de la Chymie Resolutive. . . . Traite Second. . . .
Pp. [16] 146 [2 blank].
Les Vertus Magnetiques du Sang, De son vsage interne & externe. Pour la
guarison des maladies. Par Nicolas de Locques D. Medecin Spagyrique. A Paris, de
I'lmprimerie de lacques le Gentil rue des Noyers. Et se vend chez 1'Autheur, rue des
Mauvais-Gar9ons, a 1'Image Saint Martin. M.DC.LXIV. Avec Privilege du Roy.
8°. Pp. [16] 54 [a].
Propositions touchant la Physique Resolutive. Par Nicolas de Locques, Medecin
Spargyrique (sic) de Sa Majeste'. A Paris, Chez Geoffroy Marcher, rue S. lacques, a
la ville de Rome. M.DC.LXV. Avec Privilege du Roy,
8*. Pp. 39 [i blank].
Elemens Philosophiques des Arcanes et du Dissolvant General, de leurs Vertus,
Proprietez, et Effets. Ou sont ponctuellement explique"es en general leurs secrettes
compositions, & les experiences qui en ont este' faites ; 1'ordre & la maniere de s'en
servir pour les usages de la Medecine. Par N. de Locques, D. Medecin Spargyrique
(sic) du Roy. Livre sixi^me. A Paris, Chez Geoffroy Marcher, rue S. lacques a la
Ville de Rome. M.DC.LXVIII. Avec Privilege du Roy.
8°. Pp. [19, i blank] 87 for 89 [i blank].
In a brief notice ot Nicolas de Locques in the great number of positive facts, which are both
Biographic Universelle, Tabaraud says that the curious and interesting. This collection is said to
Rudimens is an extremely rare work in which are belong both to Nicolas de Locques, who was then
to be found good observations alongside of alchemi- spagiric physician of the king, and to Lebreton,
cal reveries. After the author's death a work was physician of the faculty of Paris. There is a copy
in circulation which was never printed, but of of the above book in the British Museum (1034. i. 3
which a few copies exist. It consists of a series of (1-3) ), but the author is called Nicolas de Lo9ques.
experiments, chiefly on zinc, and almost all from In one place Lenglet Dufresnoy calls him Jean, in
the alchemical point of view. There is however a another Nicolas.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoirc de la Philosophie Biographie Universellt, 1819, xxiv. p. 616 ; no
Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 482 ; iii. pp. 5, 209. date, xxv. p. 15.
LOHNEYSS (GEORG ENGELHARD VON).
Georg Engelhard von Lohneyfs, Erbherrn in Remlingen und Neuendorff,
weyland Fiirstl. Braunschweigischen geheimbten Berg-Raht und Stallmeister
zu Wolffenbiittel, Griindlicher und aufsfuhrlicher Bericht von Bergwercken,
wie man dieselbigen niitzlich und fruchtbarlich bauen, in gliickliches Auffneh-
men bringen, und in guten Wolstand bestandig erhalten ; Insonderheit die
Ertze und Metallen, als Gold, Silber, Kupffer, Zien, Bley, Wifsmuht, Spiefsglafs,
LOHNE YSS—LOEN
43
LOHNEYSS (GEORG ENGELHARD VON). Continued.
Stahl-Stein, Magneten und Eisen-Stein, ein jedes nach seiner rechten Natur, Art
und Eigenschafft auffs niitzlichste bearbeiten, rosten, waschen, puchen, seigern,
auff mancherley Weise in kleinem Feuer probiren, cimentiren, und scheiden,
auch im grossen Feuer ohne Abgang schmeltzen und zu Nutze machen soil.
Nebenst vielen kiinstlichen Abbildungen allerhand darzu nothigen Ofen und
Werckzeuge; wie auch vortheyliche Anweisung vom Schwefel machen, Vitriol,
Alaun, Salpeter und Saltzsieden. Sampt beygefiigter niitzlicher Berg-Ordnung,
und Bericht von der Bergleute Verrichtung und Freyheiten. Allen denen, so
Bergwercke bauen, und dabey dnteressirt sind, zu Dienst Gefallen auffs neue
wiederumb an den Tag gegeben. Stockholm und Hamburg, In Verlegung
Gottfried Liebezeits Buchhandlers. Gedruckt in Leipzig bey Christopff
Gunthern, Im Jahr Christi 1690.
Folio. Pp. [21, i blank] 343 [i blank]. Engraved title extra and n plates.
Sheets K and L are numbered partly by pages partly by leaves. Sheet Ss by leaves.
This work deals with mining, metallurgy and
assaying, and reminds one of Lazarus Ercker's
book. It was published also at Zellerfeld, 1717,
fol.
In the 'Zugabe' to the Bifolium metallicum,
1771, p. no, ab Indagine quotes von Lohneyss'
account of the making of zinc at Goslar in the
Harz.
Loeneiss or Loehneys or Lohneyss was a nobleman
of the Palatinate, ' Stallmeister ' at the court of the
Elector Augustus of Saxony, an experienced courtier
and statesman, entered in 1583 the service of the
hereditary prince Heinrich Julius of Brunswick-
Wolfenbuttel and became Berghauptmann. In the
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. p. 545 ; 1710, v.
p. 269. {Reimmann (iii. p. 545) calls the miner-
alogist 'Christopher,' but the politician (v. p. 269),
'Georg Engelhard.' The mineralogist and poli-
tician are identified in the British Museum Cata-
logue.)
Jacob Leupolds Prodromuf Bibliothecce metallic^,
1732, p. 94.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 403 ((ii. 2. 2. 29.
§4), calls him Christopher).
LOEN (S. E. VON).
Geheimnifs der Verwesung und Verbrennung aller Dinge.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 137.
The date of the first edition of this book is not
recorded, but Fictuld quotes an edition of 1733,
which according to the entry by Ladrague is the
second : Das Geheimnufs der Verwesung und
Verbrennung aller Dinge, nach seinen Wundern
im Reich der Natur und Gnade, Macro et Micro-
cosmice, als die Schliissel : dadurch der Weeg zur
Verbesserung eroffnet, . . . (von S. E. de Loen).
Zweyte und mit vielen curiosen Observationibus
vermehrte Auflage. Franckfurt am M., Job.
Friedr. Fleischer, 1733, 'n 8° of 109 pp. The
third edition, same place, publisher and size, was
issued in 1759. There was also an edition, Frank-
furt, 1771, 8°. One of the few persons who have
noticed the book is Fictuld, who has put it in his
first class, and has praised the author for his wis-
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Tn- *• P- 8a-
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
P- 675-
dukedom of Wolffenbuttel he bought the estates of
Remlingen and Neundorf, and at the former place
he wrote his books, designed the plates, woodcuts
and initials with his own hand, and had them
printed at his own press. He wrote other books :
Aulico-Politica, oder Hof-, Staats- und Regier-
kunst, Remlingen, 1622, fol. A new edition ap-
peared at Frankfurt, 1679, fol., without the words
'Aulico-Politica.' The copies of the first edition
were destroyed by a fire. Delia Cavalleria, seu de
arte equitandi, 1609, fol. ; translated into German
by Valentin Trichter, Nurnberg, 1729, fol. ; Griind-
licher Bericht des Zaumens, 1588, fol.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheil,
I736. P- 7°i-
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1750, ii.
col. 2494 ; Rotermund's Fortsettung, 1810, iii. col.
2042.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 65.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 173.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 118.
dom, but adds that he has said more than was
perhaps admissible ; still he commends it strongly
to the lovers of nature and grace. He states that
a person called Cron, at the Court of Weimar,
claimed the authorship, but when pressed to say
whether he was the author or not he made no
reply. Fictuld is inclined to believe that it was
written by von Loen, who was the King of Prussia's
' resident ' at Frankfurt. But Fictuld s statements
must always be taken for what they are worth, and
in all cases they require confirmation. The editor
of the Hermettsches A. B. C,, however, assigns the
work to von Loen. The comment in the Btytrag
is that it is ' theosophical and mystical, like most of
the books of its time on the subject.'
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1456-57.
44 LOWE— LOWER
LOWE (Der) defs Rothen Creutzes.
Schlufs-fiihrender Erlauterungs-Anhang.
See MONTE HERMETIS (jOHANN DE), Explicatio Centri in Trigono Centri, 1680.
See also LEO.
LOWENHEIM.
See SACHS (PHILIP JACOB).
LOWENSTERN (JOHANN KUNCKEL VON).
See KUNCKEL (JOHANN) von Lowenstern.
LONDON.
Pharmacopee.
See PEMBERTON (H.), 1761.
LOVER of the Hermetick Science.
See ALIPULI, Centrum Naturae Concentratum, 1696.
LOWER (RICHARD).
Englisches Artzney-Buchlein das ist : Des welt-beriihmten Englischen Medici
Hrn. D. Loweri, und unterschiedlicher anderer vortrefflichen Englischen
Medicorum in London, niitzliche, bewehrte und viele Jahre lang an vielen
Menschen probirte und gut befundene Recepte und Artzney-Mittel, worinnen
enthalten die sicherste und beste Methode, allerhand Kranckheiten, Gebrechen
und Schwachheiten des menschlichen Leibes, innerlich und ausserlich zu
heilen : Welche als sehr nutzlich, nicht allein alien Medicis, Chirurgis und
andern der Artznez-Befliessenen, sondern auch andern Personen, absonderlich
aber dem gemeinen verlassenen Mann zu sonderbahren Nutzen, im ver-
wichenen Jahre in Engelland mit grossem Applausu gedruckt worden, und
nunmehro wegen ihrer grossen Nutzbarkeit, aus der Englischen Sprache in
unsere Hochdeutsche iibersetzt und an den Tag gegeben, von C. Ludovici, M.
Leipzig, bey Johann Ludwig Gleditsch, Anno 1702.
8°. Pp. [8, portrait of Lower included] 226. Index [14]. Advertisements [8J.
Title red and black.
Lower was distinguished as an anatomist and Royal College of Physicians in 1675 and of the
physiologist, but so far as I know, contributed Royal Society in 1667. He had a very large and
nothing to chemistry. He was born at Tremeere, fashionable practice for many years, but on account
near Bodmin, in Cornwall, in 1631, was educated of his politics he got out of favour and it shrank
at Westminster School and went to Oxford where considerably. He died in London 17 Jan., i69°/j.
he graduated in Arts and Medicine. He studied He is noted for his work on the brain, and for his
chemistry in Oxford, assisted Dr. Willis, and in experiments on transfusion.
1666 went to London. He became a fellow of the
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 939. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-I^exicon, 1750, ii.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . , . col. 2547 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col.
Introductio, 1687, p. 137 (Add. iii. 37. 3) ; p. 183 2188.
(Add. iv. 39. i). Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Alddecine,
Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractatus, 1755, ii. p, 130; 1778, iii. p. no.
1700, p. 302 (transfusion of blood). Biographia Britannica, 1760, v. p. 3009.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 558.
1731, II. i. p. 116. • Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinte practices, 1779, iii.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen pp. 164, 235.
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 494. Aikin, General Biography, 1807, vi. p. 350.
Goelicke, Introductio in Historian, litterariam Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812,
Anatomes, 1738, p. 247. App. iv., p. xxv. , Ann. 1667.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
p. 490. 25), vi. p. 121.
LQ WER—L UDOLF 45
LOWER (RICHARD). Continued.
Wood, Athena Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1820, iv. Evelyn, Diary, 1850, ii. p. 333.
col. 297. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mfdicale, 1855, i.
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824 (authors), ii. p. 495.
p. 6i8y. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi-
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arsneykunde, 1827, iv. cales, 1870, 2eme SeYie, iii. p. 143.
pp. 90, 91, 94, 105-106, 138, 190. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
Dezeinieris, Dictionnaire historique de la HMde- genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv.
cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 487. p. 51.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. 312, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1887, viii. p. 368.
316 ; 1849, ii. p. 195. Dictionary of National Biography, 1893, xxxiv.
Pepys, Diary, 1848, iv. p. 482. p. 203 (article by Dr. J. F. Payne).
LOYS (GEORG).
Georgii Loysii c. v. Pervigilium Mercurii, in quo agitur de praestantissimis
peregrinantis virtutibus. Et qua ratione unusquisque citra majorem diffi-
cultatem exteras peragrare provincias, regiones adire exoticas, & cum cujusvis
conditionis hominibus, bene & honeste conversari potest. Iterum nunc
Manual! forma tertib editum. Francofurti, Impensis Christian! Kleinii.
M.UCXLIV.
12°. Pp. 270 (misprint for 200) [12].
This does not treat of chemistry but of travelling.
LUCENS Lux in tenebris.
See LUX in tenebris lucens.
LUCERNA Salis Philosophorum.
See HAUTNORTHON (jOSAPHAT FRIEDRICH).
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicee, Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie
1737, p. 94. der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. pp. 38, 45.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermetiqve, 1742, iii. p. 209.
LUDEEN (JACOBUS).
J. N. J. Jacobi Ludeen, Med: D: & Prov: Scaraburg: in W: Gothia Phys; ord:
de Lithogenesia Macro- et Microcosm!, Exercitatio Physico-Medica cujus
Pars Prior Generationem Lapidum in Majori mundo oftendit & petrificationis
modos, Pars Posterior Generationem lapidum in omnibus corporis humani
partibus ex Observationibus scriptorum idoneorum demonstrat. Lugduni
Batavorum, Apud Coenradum Wishoff. M DCC XIII.
12°. Pp. [8] 187 [3].
This seems to be all he wrote. There is a copy in the British Museum (977. a. 28). I have not found
his name mentioned by any of the authorities.
LUDOLF (HlERONYMUS).
Die in der Medicin siegende Chymie bestehend in aufrichtiger Mittheilung
derer in Bereitung der wichtigsten Medicamentorum mit Nutzen gebrauchter
Chymischen Handgriffe. Erstes Stuck, darin gezeiget wird :
I.) Eine herrliche Verbesserung der bishero iiblichen Tincturae Antimonii,
dafs sie nemlich in der Extraction so roth wie ein Blut wird, welches auch mit
alien andern metallischen Tincturen angehet.
II.) Ein achtes Arcanum Tartari zu bereiten.
III.) Wie ohne Kosten ein reines Sal Alcali Fixum in ziemlicher Menge zu
verfertigen, und wie ein Balneum Marias umsonst unterhalten warden konne.
46 LUDOLF
LUDOLF (HIERONYMUS). Continued.
Mit einem hierzu nothigen Kupfer versehen, und alles aus gnugsamen
Chymischen und Physicalischen Griinden bewiesen von Hieronymo Ludolfo,
Philos. et Medic. Doct, Facult. Philos. Assess. Extr. et Profess. Publ. Itemque
Practico Erford. Erfurt, zu finden im Jungnicolischen Buchladen, 1743.
4°. Pp. 38. Frontispiece included in the pagination.
. . . Zweytes Stuck. Darinnen gezeiget wird die Nothwendigkeit, Nutzen und
Verfertigung des Spiritus Mercurialis, samt denen wichtigsten Vortheilen, einenachten
Spiritum Vini zu erhalten ; dabey auch zugleich die nachhero in Bereitung der
Tincturae Antimonii gefundene Handgriffe treulich angefiihret vverden, und die
Anlegung eines hierzu bequemen Schmeltz-Ofens gewiesen wird. Mit einem nothigen
Kupfer versehen. . . . 1746.
4°. Pp. [8, including the frontispiece] 32.
. . . Drittes Stuck. Darinnen gezeiget wird eine Tincturam Antimonii durch den
destillirten Wein-Essig zu bereiten, desgleichen auch auf eben solche Art die achten
metallischen Oele zu erhalten, dieselben fliichtig und wieder fix zu niachen, nebst einem
Vortheil, die Terram foliatam Tartari auf eine geschwinde und leichte Art auf das
hb'chste zu reinigen, zugleich auch ein Athanor beschrieben wird, darinnen man mil
einem Feuer wohl zwantzigerley und mehrere Arbeiten verrichten, und besonders auch
einen bequemen Putreficir-Kasten halten kan. Mit einem nothigen Kupfer versehen,
. . . 1746.
Pp. [8, including the plate] 32.
. . . Viertes Stiick. Darinnen gezeiget wird :
Auf welche Art man am mehresten von der Naphtha Chymica oder Oleo vitrioli
dulci bekommen konne, und
Warum diese Naphtha aus dem Aqua regis das darinn aufgelosete Gold an sich
nimmt ;
Desgleichen auch, wie man durch das Laboratorium 3 bis 4 Zimmer heitzen konne,
nebst
Einer gefundenen Verbesserung des Balnei maris.
Mit einem nothigen Kupfer versehen. . . . 1747.
Pp. [8, including the plate] 32.
. . . Fiinftes Stiick. Darinnen gezeiget wird :
I. ) Wie man dem Salpeter seine Ro'the oder Quintam Essentiam ausziehen, ingleichen
aus demselben viele Naphtham oder oleum nitri dulce erhalten konne, und warum
solche Naphtha aus dem Scheide-Wasser das darinne aufgelosete Silber in sich nimmt.
II.) Wie das Saltz aus dem ungeloschten Kalk zu erhalten, und aus was fur Theilen
ein Sal alcali fixum bestehe.
III.) Wie man in der Haufshaltung bey einem Feuer waschen, brauen, braten
kochen, backen, darren und bis 6 Zimmer heitzen konne.
Nebst einer gefundenen nothigen Verbesserung meines Athanors. Mit einem
nflthigen Kupfer versehen. . . . 1747.
Pp. 40, including the plate.
. . . Sechstes Stiick. Darinnen gezeiget werden
Die fernere Versuche von der Naphtha Vitrioli und Naphtha Nitri, ingleichen, wie
das Sal metallorum aus dem Wismuth zu erhalten. Mit einem nothigen Kupfer
versehen. . . . 1748.
Pp. [4, including the plate] 36.
. . . Siebentes und letztes Stiick. Darinnen gezeiget wird
Wie die Weine iiberhaupt verbessert, insbesondere aber die schlechtere Land-
' Weine in Spanische, Italianische, Ungarische, Champagne, Burgunder, Stein- und
Rhein-Weine, ohne den geringsten Zusatz, sondern in und durch sich selbsten verwan-
delt werden konnen, ingleichen, wie in Obst-Landern aus Obst ein guter Wein zu
erhalten, und wie solche Weine zu Verfertigung der schonsten Spirituum und Essentzen
der Vegetabilien zu gebrauchen. Mit einem nothigen Kupfer versehen. . . . 1749.
Pp. [4, including the plate] 36.
Zugabe zu der in der Medicin noch immer und immer siegenden Chymie, worin
gezeiget wird :
Wie eine Tinctura Antimonii in Pulver zu verwandeln ; wie die allerbeste erdhafte
Mittel zu bereiten ; wie die Naphtha aus dem Kiichensalze zu verfertigen ; die rechte
Zubereitung der Salium essentialium der Vegetabilien ; der Schade des Mercurii dulcis
in den Franzosenkrankheiten, und endlich wie der Mercurius durch ein Laugensalz
aufzulosen, und daraus so wol ein achtes Mittel fur die Franzosen, als auch ein starkes
Menstruum die Metalle vollig aufzuschliessen, zu verfertigen. . . . 1750.
Pp. [4] 93. Inhalt [8].
L UDOLF—L UDO VIC US
47
LUDOLF (HIERONYMUS). Continued.
D. Hieron. Ludolfs, offentlichen Lehrers der Chymie und Mathematik, der
philos. und medicinis. Facultat Decanus und ordentl. Beysitzers, wie auch
Stadtphysicus allhier, vollstandige und griindliche Einleitung in die Chymie,
darin nicht allein alle Chymische Arbeiten deutlich gezeiget und griindlich
erklaret, sondern auch zu derselben Erlauterung die wichtigsten Versuche
aus der Pharmacie, Metallurgie und Alchymie nebst alien Vortheilen treulich
ausgefuhret worden. Mit nothigen Kupfern versehen. Mit Rom. Kays.
Maj. auch Kon. Poln. und Churf. Sachs, allergnadigsten Privilegien. Erfurt
1752, im Verlage Joh. Heinr. Nonnens.
8°. Pp. [20, including frontispiece] 1104. Register [12]. 20 plates of apparatus
and symbols. The frontispiece is a curious, full-length portrait of the author in his
Wants Ggg i, pp. 833-4.
laboratory.
Ludolf, son of Hiob Ludolf, was born at Erfurt,
ii Dec., 1708, attended school there and studied
law in the university in 1725, and in 1728 went to
Copenhagen ; in 1730 was through want obliged to
take the post of a clerk with his uncle at Wetzlar,
and in 1731 continued his law studies at Jena. In
1734 he held the position of a tutor to a youth at
the Witgenstein Court at Berleburg, and lived there
till July, 1737. While there he pursued watch-
making for a year to earn a livelihood, and then his
taste for medicine revived, whereupon he returned
to Jena in 1737, and took up the subject, paying
special attention to chemistry. On his return to
Erfurt he took the degree of Master and Doctor of
Medicine, soon made a large practice, and in 1740
began to lecture. In 1741 he was extraordinary
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothtca tnefallica,
1737, P- 95-
Gmelin, Geschichte der Ckemie, 1798, ii. pp. 344,
363- 385. 47°-72. 649. 686.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 290, 293, 295, 301.
Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 ver-
storbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1808, viii. pp.
384-388.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter-
mund's Fortsettung und Erganzungen, 1813, iv.
col. 55.
LUDOVICI (C.).
See LOWER (RICHARD), 1702.
LUDOVICI (DANIEL).
See LUDWIG (DANIEL).
LUDOVICUS (JOHANN).
Tractatus de Elixire Arboris Vitae, id est, Medicina mea Universali : Quae
omnibus Morbis in genere, desperatissimis etiam, & qui pro incurabilibus
vulgb habentur, felicissimo successu acommodari potest. Observatis duntaxat
nonnullis in hoc Libro determinatis :
In morborum profligationem,
Ad vitam pacatiorem.
Conscriptus & publici juris factus a Johanne Ludovico a Frundek, Germano,
Equite, & Medicinarum Doctore, Serenissimae Electoralis Principis, &c. &c.
Ducis Kuerlandise, Celsitudinis Exarchiatro & Consiliario Medico, diversa-
professor of philosophy, 1745 ordinary professor
of chemistry, ordinary assessor of the medical
and philosophical faculties, was appointed town-
physician, and then private physician of the
Kur-Mainzischer Statthalter there. He was after-
wards summoned to Mainz as physician of the
Kurfiirst Joh. Friedr. Karl, with permission to
retain the professorship, to which he returned on
the death of the Kurfiirst in 1764. In 1752 he had
been ennobled, and died 7 Nov., 1764. Gmelin,
who in one place (ii. p. 470) calls him ' Heinr,' but
in others ' Hier." correctly, refers repeatedly to
his having been a teacher at Erfurt.
He made several new pharmaceutical compounds,
and wrote a number of books and dissertations on
pharmaceutical and medical subjects.
Biographic Mtdicalet Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 126.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1511.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 1870, 2eme Se"rie, iii. p. 173.
L.&dra.gue,fftMiot,'i}<tue Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 1391, 1642-43.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der htrvorra-
genden Aerzte alter Zeiten und Vdlker, 1886, iv.
p. 58 (article by Pagel).
48 LUDOVICUS—LUDWIG
LUDOVICUS (JOHANN). Continued.
rumque Vrbium quondam Physico Ordinario. Hagae-Comitis, Ex Typo-
graphia Adriani Vlacq, Anno 1660.
8°. Pp. [4] 147 [i].
LUDUS Puerorum.
See ALCHIMIA (DE) OPUSCULA, 1550, i. f. 135.
See ARTis AURIFERJE . . . volumina, 1610, ii. p. in.
Das Kinderspiel (oder Weiberwerck).
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. p. 154.
See ARNALDUS de Villa Nova, Chymische Schrifften, 1748, p. 359.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, ii. p. 198.
See OPUS Mulierum.
Maier, Symbola aurece mensce, 1617, p. 559.
LUDWIG (DANIEL).
Danielis Ludovici, Archiatri quondam Ducal. Saxo-Goth. Opera Omnia, vide-
licet
I. De Pharmacia moderno Seculo applicanda Dissertationes in. cum
Commentario.
II. De Volatilitate Salis Tartar! Dissertatio.
III. De Morbis Castrensibus & Dysenteria Tractatus duo, in gratiam
Exterorum e lingua Germanica in latinam translati.
IV. Observationes Physico-Chymico-Medicse XLIIX. ex Ephemeridibus
Academiae Naturae Curiosorum transcriptae.
Quibus uti Index Locupletissimus subjicitur, ita Vitae Autoris Curriculum
praeponitur exaratum a Georgio Wolfg. Wedelio. Cum Privil. Reg. Pol. et
Elect. Saxon. Lipsiae, Apud Joh. Herbordum Klosium. Anno M DCC XII.
8°. Pp. [16] 1 102. Index [85] [i blank]. Title red and black. Portrait of the
author included in the pagination. The true number is 1098, because 933-4 and 979-80
have been dropped.
Danielis Ludovici Med. Ducal. Sax. Goth. De Volatilitate Salis Tartari
Dissertatio. Editio Secunda. Gothae,. Impensis Salomonis Reyheri.
Exscrib. Christoph. Reyhero. Anno M.DC.LXXIV.
12°. Pp. [20] 73 for 93 [3 blank].
Daniel Ludwig, called Ludovici by Kestner and was published at Gotha, 1667, 12°, pp. [4] 92
Others, and also Ludovicus, was born at Weimar, [i, i blank].
5 Oct., 1625, studied there and at Jena and The Observationes contain a number of papers
other places, but graduated at Jena -in 1647. He bearing on chemical and pharmaceutical questions,
practised at Konigsberg in Franconia, at Saltz- The present edition of Ludwig's collected works
ungen, and at Gotha in 1666, where he died ii is not mentioned by any of the authorities I have
Sept., 1680. His work, De pharmacist moderno consulted. The edition always given is that by
seculo accommodate., first published in 1671 at Johann Conrad Michaelis, Francof. a. M., 1712, 4°.
Gotha, went through several editions, and was There are apparently notices of his life by Joh.
translated into French and German. In it he Heinreich in the introduction to his translation
attempted to reform the pharmacopoeia by purging into German of Ludwig's tract, De moderatione
it of useless and dangerous substances. On this Taxarum, Gotha, 1714, 8°; by Michaelis, prefixed
account he has been commended by Sprengel and to his edition of the collected works— and there is
others. the 'Autoris Vitoe Curriculum' by Wedel, in the
The dissertation, De Volatilitate Salis Tartari, present edition.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 232. (Add. viii. 9. 2); p. 294 (Add. ix. 7. 2); p. 386
Conring, In Univcrsam Artem Medicam . . . (Add. xi. 6. 2).
Jntroductio, 1687, p. 30 (Add. i. 12. i); p. 273 Cornelius a Beughem, Syllabus recens exflora-
LUDIVIG—LULLIUS 49
LUDWIG (DANIEL). Continued.
forum in re medico, physica &•* chymica, 1696, pp. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
79-80. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 28, 53, 60, 73, 83,
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 85, 101.
1731, II. i. p. 117. (He gives a list of his disserta- Biographic Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
tions and observations.) 25), vi. p. 128.
Stolle, Anleitung zttr Historic der Medicinischcn Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
Gtlahrheit, 1731, pp. 749, 791, 792, 793. p. 289.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde-
!737. P- 95- cine, 1837. III. ii. p. 489.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-l^exicon, 1740, K.opp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 116 ;
p. 492. 1845, iii. p. 29 ; 1847, iv. p. 352.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gtlehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 289.
col. 2584 ; Rotermund, Fortsetzung, 1813, iv. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mfdicale, 1855, i.
col. 91. p. 472.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 553. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 604. -worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1512.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, p. 409. K. F. H. Marx, 'Zur Anerkennung des braven
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, Arztes Dr. Daniel Ludwig, des Reformators der
1778, iii. p. 116. Pharmakologie und Pharmacie,' in Abhandlungen
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1779, der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu
iii. p. 300 ('rei pharmaceuticae peritissimus, chemi- Gotlingen, 1875, xx. p. 3.
cus idem, vir excitati ingenii '). Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 138, genden Aerate aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv.
215, 216, 256 note i, 258, 373. p. 59.
LUFFT-GOLD.
See CLAUDER (GABRIEL), Dissertation von der Universal-Tinctur, 1682.
LUGDUNUM Gallorum.
See PHARMACOPCEA LUGDUNENSIS, 1674.
LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS).
Raymundi Lullii Opera ea quae ad adinventam ab ipso Artem Vniversalem,
Scientiarum Artiumque Omnium breui compendio, firmaq; memoria apprse-
hendendarum, locupletissimaq'; vel oratione ex tempore pertractandarum,
pertinent. Vt et in eandem quorundam interpretum scripti commentarii :
Quae omnia sequens indicabit pagina : & hoc demum tempore coniunctim
emendatiora locupletioraq; non nihil edita sunt. Accessit huic Editioni
Valerii De Valerijs Patricij Veneti aureum in artem Lulli generalem opus :
Adiuncto indice cum* capitum, turn rerum ac verborum locupletissimo.
Argentorati, Sumptibus Lazari Zetzneri Bibliopolae. M.DC.VIIII.
8°. Pp. [16] 1109. Index [40] [i, colophon and emblem, 2 blank]. 3 folding
diagrams ; woodcuts in the text. Not about chemistry.
[Raymundi Lullii Majoricani Elucidarium, geschrieben iiber sein Testament
und Codicill, wie die recht zu verstehen.] s. 1. & a.
8°. Pp. 57-68.
This is a fragment from the Alchymistisch Sieben-Gestirn, 1675.
Analysis Partis Practicae in Testamento.
See GERHARD (jOHANN), Exercitationes perbreves, p. 73.
See also MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 778.
Apertorium, & Accuratio Vegetabilium.
See RICHARDUS Anglicus, Correctorium Alchymiae, 1581, f. 81.
See RICHARDUS Anglicus, Correctorium Alchymiae, 1596, f. 81.
This is different from the other tract entitled Apertorium de veri lapidis compositione.
II. D
50 LULLIUS
LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Continued.
Apertorium de veri lapidis compositione.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 104.
Apertorium von der wahren Composition des Steins der Weisen.
See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, 1675, P- 25-
See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, 1772, p. 35.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 312.
Apertorium. Commentatio Perbrevis & Perspicua in Apertorium Raimundi
Lullii.
See GERHARD (jOHANN), 1641.
See CLAVICULA.
Arcanum Lullianum, seu Modus secretissimus conficiendi & componendi
Vniversalem Medicinam, per verum & genuinum Artis Spagyricae Artificium.
See GERHARD (JOHANN), Panaceae Hermeticae . . . Assertio, 1640.
Ars Compendiosa.
See DE TINCTURIS Compendium, seu Vade Mecum.
Ars intellectiva super lapidem Philosophorum.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 112.
Brief oder kurtzer Begriff.
See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita, 1714, p. 379.
See EPISTOLA.
Cantilena.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 822.
See CODICILLUS.
Capitulum valde magnum in albedine, & omnibus nobilius, ex libro qui dicitur
Philosophus mirabilis.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. 180.
Clavicula quas et Apertorium dicitur.
See BROUCHUISIUS (DANIEL), Secreta Alchimiae Magnalia, 1612, p. 57.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 295.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 872.
Clavicula, Apertorium, or little Key explaining all the rest of his works.
See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, l68o, p. 163.
Codicillus, seu Vade Mecum & Cantilena in quo fontes Alchemicae Artis, ac
Philosophise reconditioris uberrime traduntur.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 880.
Compendium animse Transmutationis Artis Metallorum, Ruperto Anglorum
Regi transmissum.
See ALCHIMIA (De) Opuscula, 1550, i. f. 92.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, IV. p. 171.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 780, and i. p. 853.
LULL 1 'US 51
LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Continued.
Compendium Artis Alchemiae et Naturalis Philosophise.
See ARTIS AURIFER.E . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. p. 83.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 875.
Compendium Artis Magicae (sic for Magnae), quoad compositionem lapidis
philosophorum.
See ARTIS AURIFER/E . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. p. 165.
Elucidarium iiber sein Testament und Codicill.
See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, 1675, P- 57-
See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, 1772, p. 71.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 315.
Elucidatio Testamenti.
See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Ein Philosophischer . . . Tractat: genannt Der kleine
Baur, 1619, p. 370.
See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Ein . . . Tractat genannt : Der kleine Baur, 1658,
P- 363-
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 823.
L'elucidation ou I'eclaircisseinent du Testament.
See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes chimiques, 1754, iv.
P. 297.
Elucidatio Testamenti totius ad R. Odoardum.
See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. p. 139.
This is different from the above.
Epistola de accurtatione Lapidis Benedict! missa Anno 1412 Roberto Anglorum
Regi.
See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita Novella, 1546, f. 160 ; 1714, p. 379 (in
German).
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 863.
Experimenta.
See ELUCIDATIO Secretorum, 1602, p. i.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die Gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, Part iii.
p. 88.
See MANGET (J. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 826.
Experimenta . . . von Raimundo in Latein beschrieben. Jetzt aber durch
Herrn Georgium Sanderreuter von Wasserburg verteutscht worden.
See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 664.
Explicatio Lulii.
See VOGEL (EWALD), De Lapidis Physici Conditionibus Liber, quo . . . Raimundi
Lulii methodica continetur explicatio, 1595.
De Intentione Alchimistarum Liber.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 139.
52 LULLIUS
LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Continued.
Intentio Summaria, quse aliter dicitur Repertorium, valde utilis ad intelligentiam
Testament!, Codicilli & aliorum librorum Raymundi Lullii.
See GRATAROLO (c.), Verse alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 185.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 730.
Lapidarium.
See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. p. 98.
Libellus utilissimus de mercuric solo.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verge alchemize . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 163.
Liber Artis compendiosas, quem Vade Mecum nuncupavit.
See DE TINCTURIS Compendium, seu Vade Mecum.
Liber experimentorum.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Veras alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 174.
Liber mercuriorum.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 183.
Liber dictus Lux Mercuriorum.
See MANGET (J. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 824.
Lignum Vitse.
See MYSTERIA.
La Lumiere des Mercures.
See LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE), Lettre d'un
Philosophe, 1688.
Modus accipiendi Aurum potabile.
See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. p. 77.
Mysteria.
See BRACESCO (GIOVANNI), De Alchemia Dialogi n. Quorum . . . alter Raimundi
Lullij Maioricani Mysteria in lucem producit.
This second dialogue is also called Lignum Vita.
Potestas divitiarum, in quo expositio Testament! Hermetis continetur.
See ARTIS AURIFER^: . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. p. 56.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 866.
Practica.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae Alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 127.
Praxis universalis magni operis.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 165.
Precatio ante Medicinarum exhibitionem.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM. 1659, i. p. 682.
LULU US 53
LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Continued.
Pulcherrimum opus de transmutatione metallorum.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verse Alchemize . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 175.
Repertorium.
See INTENTIO Summaria.
Summaria lapidis consideratio et eius abbreviationes.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae Alchemias . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 156.
Testamentum.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. i (Theoria) ; p. 135 (Practica).
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 707 (Theorica) ;
p. 763 (Practica).
Testamentum Novissimum, Partes duo.
See ULTIMUM TESTAMENT.
Theoria et Practica.
See TESTAMENTUM.
De Tincturis Compendium, seu Vade Mecum.
See ALCHIMIA (De) Opuscula, 1550, i. f. 153.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 849.
This tract is different from that called 'Codicillus seu Vade Mecum.'
Tractatus de Lapide et Oleo Philosophorum.
See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, Hi. p. 92.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 878.
Tractat vom Philosophischen Stein.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 79.
Tractatus de Praeparatione Lapidis Philosophici.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 146.
Ultimum Testamentum.
See ARTIS AURIFERJE . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. pp. 1-55.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 79°-
The version of this tract in the Ars Aurifera chapters, which is not contained in the Ars Auri-
consists of one part only. Mangel has reprinted fera and is different from the 'Practica' in the
this, though not verbatim, and he has added (pp. Testamentum,
806-822) ' De Praclica Liber Secundus ' in 27
Vade Mecum.
See CODICILLUS.
See DE TINCTURIS Compendium, seu Vade Mecum.
Verbum abbreviatum Fratris Raymundi de leone viridi.
See RAYMUNDUS.
54
LULLIUS
LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Continued.
Ramon Lul (Brambach) or Lull, or Raimundo
or Raymundo Lulio, or Raymundus Lullus, or
Lullius, Raymund Lulle, Raymund Lully, was a
native of Palma in Majorca. The year of his birth
is given variously : Pascual puts it in 1232, Perro-
quet in 1240 or 1242, others in 1234, 1235, 1236,
1239. During his youth he followed the court and
was given up to pleasure, till his whole life was
changed by a lady whom he admired showing him
how she was suffering from malignant disease.
Thereafter he became extremely religious, is said
to have had heavenly revelations, and devoted him-
self to the conversion of the Saracens to Christi-
anity. For this purpose he learned Arabic and
had permission to found a small monastery of
Franciscans, whose duty it was to learn Arabic and
assist in the work. He tried to have similar
establishments elsewhere but without success, and
he even attempted to get up another Crusade. He
himself travelled and preached to the unbelievers,
not without many perils (see Brambach), and at
last in 1315 he was all but stoned to death at Bugia
in Africa. His body was rescued by some Genoese
sailors who brought him to Majorca, but he died
30 June, 1315, in sight of his native country before
he could be landed. After his death he was
canonized as a martyr and a monument or mauso-
leum was erected to him, a drawing of which is
given by Sollerius.
He was a voluminous writer on divinity, the
liberal arts, philosophy, physics, law, medicine,
mathematics, metaphysics, logic, and his own art.
Wadding enumerates 400 works, and by some that
number is multiplied nearly by 10. As to the
books on chemistry which pass under his name and
are enumerated by several of his biographers, they
are considered to be not by him, and the transmu-
tations said to have been effected by him are also
considered unauthentic. The whole of the story
about his coming to England, on the invitation of
Cremer Abbot of Westminster, to make gold to
induce King Edward III. to undertake a war
against the Turks, which gold the king afterwards
used against France, seems to be without founda-
tion, and will not stand examination.
As the works however must have been written by
some one, De Luanco ascribes them to a Raimundo
de Tarraga who lived ' por los anos de 1370, esto
es, en el siglo en que muri6 Ramon Lull.' He was
a converted Jew whose devotion to the occult
sciences, and the censures his works provoked are
strong proofs that if he did not write all the al-
chemical books, he was author of some of them.
Fabricius, who does not refuse to the blessed
martyr the fame of an alchemist, says in the article
devoted to Raimundo de Tarraga that he wrote
books ' de secretis na.tv.rcB, de Alchimia et alia qua;
jussu Gregorii XI. An. 1372 flammis sunt exusta.'
To a person of the name of Raymundus Lullius
Neophytus, 60 years later, are ascribed the chemi-
cal books as well as the Liber de Daemonum
Invocatione, by Morhof.
Lully's reputed alchemical works were published singly and in collections. The
following are some of the separate editions :
De Secretis Naturae siue Quinta essentia libri duo . . . M. D.XLI. Colophon:
Argentorati apud Balthassarum Beck. Anno XLI. Mense Martio. 8°, ff. [4] 183 [4,
i blank].
libri quinque, and was edited by
Venetijs apud Petrum
This also contains Albertus, De Mineralibus . .
Ryff.
De Secretis naturae siue Quinta essentia libri duo .
Schoeffer . . . Anno M.D.XLII., 8° pp. 324 [8].
Codicillus seu Vade Mecum, Colonise, 1563, 8°, pp. 271 [i blank] ; Colonise, 1572,
8°, pp. 248 ; Rothomagi, 1651, 8°, pp. 206 [2 blank].
Testamentum, item Compendium Animae transmutationis artis metallorum,
Coloniae Agrippinae, 1566, 8°, ff. [4] 240 [8].
Libelli aliquot chemici : [Testamentum novissimum ; Elucidatio vocabulorum ;
Vade mecum ; Compendium de transmutatione animae metallorum ; De compositione
gemmarum ; Epistola accurtatoria ad Regem Neapolitanum ; Medicina Magna ;
Dialogus Demogorgon]. Basileae, Perna, 1572, 8°, pp. [16] 480 [31, i blank]. Basileae,
Waldkirch, 1600, 8°, pp. [12] 393 [26, i blank].
Mercuriorum Liber. Item Apertorium ; Repertorium ; Artis intellectiuas Theorica
& Practica ; Magia naturalis. Coloniae Agrippinae, 1567, 8°, pp. [16] 381 [i].
De Secretis Naturae, seu de Quinta Essentia liber Unus ; Epistola ad Regem
Robertum ; Tractatus de aquis. Coloniae, 1567, pp. [8] 376.
Tractatus de Conservatione Vitae ; liber Secretorum seu Quintae essentiae.
Argentorati, 1616, 8°, [8] in [i blank].
Testamentum. Rothomagi, 1663. Pars i. pp. [1-8] 9-355 [n]; Pars ii. [14] 393 [27].
Part i. contains Theorica & Practica (the two divisions of the Testamentum}, and Compendium
Animae transmutationis ; Part ii. contains a reprint of the Libelli aliquot chemici.
Secreta Secretorum. Colonias, 1592, 8°, pp. [8] 155 [i].
Wadding, Annales Ordinum Minorum,
Ann. 1275, 1287, 1290, 1293, 1295 ; iii. Ann. 1315.
(He maintains that the alchemical books are sub-
sequent to Lully's time. )
Henr. Cornelius Agrippa, De Incertitudine et
Vanitate Scientiarum et Artium atque excellentia
Verbi Dei Declamatio, 1530, sig. 63 rectu ; English
translation, 1569, f. 24 verso, cap. 9. (Here he
criticises the ' Lullian Art ' severely, though he
himself wrote a commentary upon it which was
published at Cologne, 1531, 1533, 1538, and in his
collected works. )
Nazari, Delia tramutatione Metallica Sogni
tre, 1599, p. 142.
LULLIUS
55
LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Continued.
Mariana, De rebus Hispanic, Mogunt. , 1605, ii.
p. 9 (lib. xv. cap. iv. Raymundi Lulh obitus).
Juan Segui, Vida y hechos del admirable Doctor
y tndrtir Ramon Lull, Mallorca, 1606.
Bellarminus, Operum Tomus Septimus, Col.
Agrip. , 1617, ' Liber de ScriptoribusEcclesiasticis,'
col. 168, Ann. 1285 ; col. 263.
Maier, Symbola Aurece Mensce, 1617, p. 403.
Abr. Bzovius, Annales Ecclesiastici, Colon. Agr.
1618, xiv. (Ann. 1372), col. 1398. ( Long discussion
and refutation of his errors. )
Crollius, Basilica Chymica, 1620, ' Prefatio Ad-
monitoria,' p. 92.
G. Naud6, Apolog ie pour tous Us grands Person-
nages qui ont este faussement soupconnez de Magie,
Paris, 1625, pp. 373-376 ; English translation, 1657,
PP- 175-177.
John Selden, Mare Clausum, 1636, pp. 436-440
(Lib. ii. cap. 25, with a drawing of a rose noble) ;
or Opera Omnia, 1726, II. ii. col. 1386 (with the
same illustration. He refers to the reputed al-
chemical origin of the gold, but does not mention
Lully).
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 413.
Joannes Imperialis, Museum Historicum et
Physicum, Venet. , 1640, p. 12, and portrait.
Jacob. Gaddius, De Scriptoribus non ecclesiasticis,
1648-49, p. 285.
Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum,
1652, p. 443 (rose nobles), p. 467 (connection with
Cremer).
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 141-47,
246, 267.
Quenstedt, Dialogus de Patriis illustrium Doc-
trind et Scriptis Virorum, 1654, p. 35.
A. Per roquet, Apologie de la vie et des Oeuvres
du bien-heureux Raymond Lulle, a Vendosme,
1667, square 8°, pp. [24] 390 [6]. (Livres de Chy-
mie, p. 377. )
Borrichius, De ortu et progressu C hernia Disser-
tatio, 1668, pp. 129-142.
De Vernon, Histoire de Raymond Lulle, Paris,
1668, 12°.
Conring, De Hermetica Medicina libri duo, 1669,
Lib. ii. c. 15, p. 414.
Morhof, De Metallurum transmutatione ad . . .
Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistala, 1673, pp. 120-
131-
Wm. Camden, Remains concerning Britain, 7th
edition by John Philipot, 1674, p. 242.
John Webster, The Displaying of supposed
Witchcraft, 1677, p. 5.
Kdnig, Bibliotheca Vetus et A'ova, 1678, p. 486.
Isaac Bullartius, Academie des Sciences et des
Arts, 1682, ii. p. 150, with a portrait.
Will. Cave, Cartophylax ecclesiasticus, Londini,
1685, p. 265.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 930.
Conring, In universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 102 (Intr. c. iii. §27).
Magirus, Eponymologium Criticum, 1687, p. 536.
Freher, TJieatrum Virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, ii. p. 1208, portrait, plate 54.
Petrus Bennazar, Breve ac compendiosum rescrip-
turn; nativitatem, vitam, martyrium, cultum in-
memorabilem pii hcrremitte, ac venerabilis martyris
Raymundi Lulli, Maiorcis, 1688, 4°.
Reyher, Dissertatio de Nummis . . . ex Chymico
Metallo factis, 1692, p. 13.
Ada Eruditorum, 1697, p. 304 ; 1710, p. 397.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 16, No. xxiii.
Moller, Homonymo-Scopia Historico-Philologico-
Critica, Hamburgi, 1697. pp. 610-612. (A certain
R. Lullius Neophytus is the reputed author of the
Liber de Damonum invocatione. The opinion of
Wadding and Vine. Mutius is that the chemical
books are by a much later Raymundus, and Moller
thinks 'nee sine ingenti veri specie,' 'while Bor-
richius and Morhofius in replying to Mutius get
into more difficulties than they resolve.1)
Joh. Jacob. Hoffmann, Lexicon Universale, 1698,
iv. p. vij. (a mere note : he distinguishes him from
Raimundus Lullius Junior de Terraga and makes
no allusion to alchemical writings).
Morhof, Dissertation.es, 1699, pp. 287, 288-89.
Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer
der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 56.
Joan. Baptista Sollerius, Acta Raymundi Lulli
Majoricensis , Doctoris illuminati, Bugia in Africa
Marlyris el ab eo denominate Lullisticee Academics
patroni, Antverp., 1708, fol. (Contains i° an intro-
duction by the editor, with a life of Lullus and
engravings of his monuments. Sollerius doubts
the genuineness of the alchemical works, and of his
making gold for Edward III. in 1333, seeing he
was dead by 1315, pp. 25-28. 2°. An anonymous
contemporary biography. 3°. Life by Carolus
Bovillus. 4°. Encomium, by Nicolas de Pax, 1519.
5°. Select miracles at his canonization. 6°. The
orthodoxy of his works. 7°. Catalogue of his
genuine works. 8°. Catalogue of works ascribed
to him, p. 75.)
Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseudony-
morum, 1708, ' De Scriptoribus pseudonymisdetectis
Liber,' p. 425, No. 1620.
Reimmann, Einleitung in die historiatn liter-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. p. 189.
Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum,
1710, p. 420.
Giornale de' Letterati a" Italia, 1713, xiv. p. 392.
Miraeus, 'Auctarium de Scriptoribus Ecclesias-
ticis,' in Joh. Alb. Fabricius, Bibliotheca Ecclesias-
tica, 1718, p. 71, CCCXC1H.
Fabricius, Histories Bibliotheccs Fabriciana Pars
y., 1722, p. 526.
Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 103.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit,
1727, p. 538, §xxv.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp.
194, 254.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,\Tsi,
II. i. p. 119.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metal 'licet,
1732, p. 96.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, I. 2. 5. 4 (i. pp. 350-
366), (a discussion on Lully's Ars Magna and those
who, like Cornelius Agrippa, have written on it).
Jacob Brucker, Kurtze Fragen a us der Philoso-
phiichen Historie, Ulm, 1734. v. pp. 1337-1360 (p.
1345 discusses if he were an alchemist or not).
Nic. Hier. Gundling, Vollstdndige Historie der
Gelahrheit, 1734, ii. pp. 1769-75.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina media et infima
^Etatis, 1735, iv. p. 863.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1738, xviii. col. 1146.
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1740, i.
p. 396 (Th. i. H. xiii. c. 5, §6).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 493.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 144-187, 222-226, 466-468 ;
ii. pp. 6-10 (with a drawing of a rose noble) ;
iii. pp. 210-225 (gives a long list of his alchemical
writings).
LULLIUS
LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS). Continued,
Will. Cave, Scriptorum ecclesiasticorum Historia
literaria, 1743, Appendix ... in qua de Scrip-
toribus ecclesiasticis, ab anno MCCC. ad annum
MDXVII. . . . agitur, p. 5, Anno, 1301 ; addition
by Henry Wharton.
Tharsander, Adeptus Ineplus, 1744, p. 337.
Mundanus, ' Responsa, ' in Edmund Dickinson's
tract, De Chrysopoeia, no date, p. 122.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750,
ii. col. 2599 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1813, iv.
col. 151. (They quote very few of his more im-
portant books, and enumerate mainly the chemical
ones. )
Fictuld, Probier-Kunst, 1753, Th. i. p. 107.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine,
1755, ii. p. 132; 1778, Hi. p. 117.
MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique et
critique, 1759, VI. ii. p. 503 (a meagre account).
Georgius Matthise, Conspectus Historia; Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 61.
Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophic, 1766, IV.
i. pp. 9-21 (discusses whether Lully was a chemist
or not) ; 1767, vi. pp. 679-681.
Wiegleb, Historisch-kritische Untersuchung der
Alchemie, 1777, pp. 214-222 (against Lully).
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 78.
Torbern Bergman, Historice chemice medium seu
obscurum sEvum, 1782, p. 19 (artificial gems).
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 101, 487, 574, 576, 578, 582, 585, 595.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie
der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. pp. n, 12 ; 1788, iii.
p. 20.
Nicolas Antonio, Bibliotheca Hispana Vetus,
1788, ii. lib. 9, c. 3, pp. 122-141.
Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie .... 1789, pp.
87-99 (a very complete discussion by a believer as a
reply to Wiegleb).
Wiegleb, Geschichte des Wachsthums und der
Erfindungen in der Chemie in der dltesten und
mittleren Zeit, 1792, p. 140, note.
Tiedemann, Geist der Spekulativen Philosophic,
1796, v. pp. 58-66.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 68-
83- 556-557 I 1798, ii. p. 299.
Murr, Litterarische Nachrichten zu der Geschichte
des sogenannten Goldmachens, 1805, pp. 8-12 (con-
tents of a I4th century MS. of Lully's alchemical
writings, partly in Spanish ; and of another MS.
dated 1422, written in Italy).
Wadding, Scriptores Ordinum Minorum, Romae,
1806, p. 201.
Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana,
1807, V. i. p. 220.
Ruding, Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain,
London, 1817, i. pp. 129-30, 424 ; 1840, i. pp. 62,
63, 220.
H. Loew, De Vita Raymundi Lullii Specimen,
Halis, 1830, 8°.
Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p.
38.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
166, 601.
Felix Torres Amat, Memorias para ayudar a
formar un Diccionario Critico de los Escritores
Catalanes, Barcelona, 1836, p. 348 (no allusion to
the alchemical works).
Mackay, Memoirs of extraordinary Popular
Delusions, 1841, iii. p. 25 ; 1852, i. p. 105 (with a
portrait).
Grasse, Literdrgeschichte , 1842, II. ii. 2, pp. 638-
640 (his alchemy).
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 397 ;
1866, i. p. 421.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 67-72,
&c. , &c.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp.
204, 214.
Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Natu relies au
Afoyen Age ou Albert Le Grand et son Epoque,
1853, pp. 188, 373, 378, 382.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Alddicale, 1855, i.
p. 115.
Adolf Helfferich, Raymund Lull und die An-
fdnge der Catalonischen Literatur, Berlin, 1858,
8°, pp. iv. [2] 163 [i blank]. (Alchemy, pp. 82-83.)
Graesse, Trtlsor de Livres rares, 1863, iv. p. 295.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1518.
Cap, Etudes biographiques, 1864, Deuxieme
Serie, p. 349.
Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophic des Mittelalters ,
1865, ii. pp. 924-952 (§§ 244-249).
Fern. Weyler y Lavina, Raimundo Lulio juzgado
par si mismo, Palma, 1866.
Acta Sanctorum, Parisiis & Romae, 1867 ; Junii
Tomus Septimus, pp. 581-676. (Life by Sollerius,
with the engravings ; contemporary anonymous
life, p. 606 ; Bovillus' Life, p. 613 ; Nicolaus de
Pax, Encomium & Epistola, p. 618 ; Miracula, p.
623 : Dissertatio on his orthodoxy and list of his
works, p. 634. This is a reprint of the Acta
Sanctorum, Tomus V. Junii 30, pp. 633, 661 ;
Bovillus, p. 668 ; Pax, p. 674.)
Raymond Lully's Great Elixir, A Dramatic
Poem, London, 1869, 8°, pp. [6] 98.
Jos6 Ramon de Luanco, Ramon Lull {Raimundo
Lulio} considerado como Alquimista, Barcelona,
1870, 8°, pp. [1-5] 6-50 [i, i blank], (and refer-
ences).
Ladrague , Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 767-785, 1829.
Figuier, Vies des Savants illustres (savants du
Moyen Age), 1877, pp. 256-289.
Piinjer, Geschichte der christlichen Religions-
philosophie seit der Reformation, 1880, i. p. 24 ;
English translation by Professor Hastie, 1887, p. 34.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 24 et passim.
H. Carrington Bolton, Contributions of Alchemy
to Numismatics, New York, 1890, p. 8 (reprinted
from the American Journal of Numismatics).
Antonio Raynmndo Pascual, Vida del Beato
Ray mundo Lulio Mdrtir y Doctor iluminado . . .
publicada . . . par la Sociedad Arqueoldgica
Luliana, Palma, 1890, 1891, 2 vols., sm. 8°.
(Libros de Alchimia, Tomo ii. pp. 328, 369.)
Wilhelm Brambach, Des Raimundus Lullus
Leben und Werke in Bildern des XIV. Jahrhun-
derts. Zwolf Lichdrucktafeln, Karlsruhe, 1893,
folio, pp. 9 [i], 12 photographs.
Francisco de Bofarull y Sans, El Testamento de
Ramdn Lull y la Escuela Luliana en Barcelona,
Barcelona, 1896, 8°, pp. 44 [i, i blank], photo-
graphic facsimile.
L6op. Delisle, Testaments d'Arnaud de Ville-
neuve et de Raimund Lulle, 20 juillet 1305 et 26
Avril 1313. Journal des Savants, Juin 1896, pp.
14.
H. C. Macdowall, ' Raymond Lully,' Macmillan's
Magazine, 1897, Ixxvi. p. 23.
Homenatge al Doctor Arcangelic lo glorids
Martir de Crist Beat Ramon Hull sos deixebles,
admiradors i devots al primer d' any de 1901 i
comencament del segle XX., 8°, pp. 98 [i, i blank],
with illustrations and music.
Conr. Haebler, Bibliografia Ibdrica del Siglo
XV., 1904, pp. 180-183 (logic, theology, &c.,
printed in the isth century, but no alchemy).
LULUUS—LUMINE 57
LULLIUS Redivivus Denudatus. Oder neu-belebter und griindlich-erklarter
Lullius. Durch seine vier und dreyssig weltbekannte Kunst-Proben, oder
Experimenten. Nunmehr aus dem Lateinischen in unser Teutsche Mutter-
Sprach iibersetzet mil Erkliirung des Duncklen erortert. Durch nothige
Anmerckungen erlautert durch offters-bewehrte Kunst-Griffe deutlich aufgelofst
und alien der wahren Weifsheit nachforschenden ans helle Tags-Liecht
gelegt. Niirnberg, In Verlegung Johann Ziegers, Gedruckt im Jahr Christi
1703.
8°. Pp. [8] 334 [8]. 4 woodcuts in the text.
LULLIUS Redivivus Denudatus. Oder neu-belebter und griindlich erklarter
Lullius. Durch seine vier und dreyssig weltbekannte Kunst-Proben oder
Experimenten. Nunmehr aus dem Lateinischen in unser teutsche Mutter-
sprach iibersetzet, mit Erklarung des Dunklen erortert. Durch ofters
bewahrte Kunstgriffe deutlich aufgelofst, und alien der wahren Weifsheit
nachforschenden ans helle Tagslicht gelegt. Frankfurt und Leipzig, zu
finden im Kraufsischen Buchladen. 1771.
8°. Pp. [1-9] 10-230, 231-2 contain book advertisements. 4 woodcuts.
[Another Copy.]
Of this work Fictuld can only say that it con- for the sake of posterity the best fate for it is to be
tains nothing but 'arch-sophistic lies,' and that burned.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 225. p. 646 (1703 edition).
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, ii. p. 91. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1493-94.
LUMEN Apothecariorum.
See QUIRICUS de Augustis, 1520, ii. f. i ; 1566, f. 143.
LUMEN Juvenis Experti Novum.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, IV. p. 934.
LUMEN Novum Chimicum.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL).
LUMEN Philosophorum.
See LIGHT der Weltweisen.
For alchemical writings on ' Light,' see Kopp, Die Alchernie, 1886, ii. p. 387, and see also under LUX.
LUMIERE (La) sortant par soi-meme des Tenebres, poeme sur la Composition
de la Pierre des Philosophes, traduit de 1'Italien avec un Commentaire.
See CRASSELLAME (MARC-ANTONIO).
LUMIERE tiree du Cahos.
Sec G * * (L.), 1784.
LUMINARE Majus.
See MANLIUS DE BOSCHO (JOANNES JACOUUS).
LUMINE (De) Nature.
See ZWEY schone Chymische Tractetlein.
58 LUNA— LUX
LUNA Compacta.
See EINFALTIGER iedoch deutlicher und verhoffentlich niitzlicher Unterricht von
der Luna compacta et fixa, 1715.
For alchemical books bearing the name of the ' Moon,' see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 390.
LUST GARTLEIN.
See CHYMISCHES Lust-Gartlein.
For alchemical books referring to 'Garden,' see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 375.
LUX lucens in tenebris.
See LUX in tenebris lucens.
LUX obnubilata suapte natura refulgens. Vera de Lapide Philosophico
Theorica, metro Italico descripta, et ab Auctore Innominate Comment!
gratia ampliata. Pars Prima. Venetiis, M DC LXVI. Apud Alexandrum
Zatta. Superiorum Permissu, & Priuil.
12°. Pp. [83, i blank] 216 [10].
See CRASSELLAME (MARC-ANTONIO).
This volume contains the three ' Canzoni ' of in Latin. It is a reprint of this book which is con-
Crassellame in Italian, followed by a ' proemium,' tained in the GIN.&CEUM CHIMICUM following,
and by the anonymous commentary on each stanza,
LUX obnubilata suapte natura refulgens : vera de lapide Philosophico Theorica.
See GIN^ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 579.
LUX in Tenebris Lucens.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die Gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, Partiii.
P-55-
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymias, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 169.
See VIER Chymische Tractatlein, 1677, p. 3.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, Pars iii. 1682, p. 142.
See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 636.
For alchemical books on ' Light,' see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 387. See also under LUMEN.
M. (C. G.}-M. M. M. 59
M. (C. G.).
See GEDANCKEN vom rechten Gebrauch der Naturweisheit, 1754.
M. (D.).
Drei Tractatlein.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 288.
M. (D.).
Erstes Tausend neuer Chymischer Versuche und Erfahrungen, so mit allem
Fleifse angestellet und sorgfaltig aufgezeichnet worden von D. M. Leipzig
bey Christian Gottlob Hilschern. 1768.
8'. Pp. [2] 452 [a].
Divided into 5 parts. Each 2 parts have a title-page, introduction, and index, but
the paging is continuous: Erstes und zweytes Hundert, 1766, [i-n] 12-88 [89-96].
Drittes und viertes Hundert, 1767, [97-105] 106-176 [177-184]. Funftes und sechstes
Hundert, 1767, [185-193] 194-270 [271-280]. Siebendes und achtes Hundert, 1768,
[281-289] 290-368. Neuntes und zehntes Hundert, 1768, [369-381] 382-452 [453-462].
Fiinftes und sechstes Hundert neuer Chymischer Versuche und Erfahrungen, so
mit allem Fleifse angestellet und sorgfaltig aufgezeichnet worden von D. M.
Leipzig, bey Christian Gottlob Hilschern. 1767.
8°. Pp. [9] 194-270 [10].
Another copy of the same parts in the preceding.
M. (E. C. D.).
Uber allgemeine Arzneien.
See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1784, i. p. 291.
The initials D.M. possibly stand for Doctor Medicinae.
M. (M.).
See MEURDRAC (MARIE).
M. M. M.
Felix Puerpera seu Observationes Medicae, circa Regimen Puerperarum &
Infantium recens natorum, ad. Cl. Virum D. D. Drelincurtium per M. M. M.
Lugd. Batavor. Apud Petrum Vander Aa, M DC LXXXIV.
12°. Pp. [8] 40.
6o
MA CH Y—MA CQ UER
MACHY (JACQUES FRANCOIS DE).
See DEMACHY (JACQUES FRANCOIS).
He is entered under this heading by Baumer,
and the following works by him are quoted : Insti-
tuts de Chymie, Paris, 1766, 2 vols., 12° ; Precedes
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Midecine,
1778, iii. p. 125.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 42.
chymiques rouge's methodiquement et definies,
Paris, 1779 ; L'art du destillateur des eaux fortes,
Paris, 1773.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, p. 577 (the translation of Juncker's ' Elements
of Chemistry ').
MACQUER (PIERRE-JOSEPH).
Dictionnaire de Chymie, contenant la Theorie et la Pratique de cette Science,
son application a la Physique, a 1'Histoire naturelle, a la Medecine, & aux
arts dependans de la Chymie. Par M. Macquer, Docteur en medecine de la
faculte de Paris, de 1'academie des sciences, de la socidte royale de medecine,
professeur de chymie au Jardin du roi, &c. Nouvelle edition, corrige'e &
augmentee. Tome Premier. En Suisse, Chez les Libraires Associe"s.
M.DCC.LXXIX.
8°. Pp. xxviij. 580.
Tome Second.
8°. Pp. [2] 654 (655 not numbered) and i blank.
Tome Troisieme. Seconde edition, revue & consideYablement augmentee. A
Paris, chez P. Fr. Didot jeune, Libraire de la Faculty de Medecine, Quai des
Augustins. M.DCC.LXXVIII. Avec approbation, & Privilege du Roi.
8°. Pp. [4] 520.
Tome Quatrieme. En Suisse
Macquer is said to have sprung from a Scottish
catholic family which removed to France on
account of its religion and adherence to the
Stuarts. He was born at Paris, 9 Oct., 1718,
and had a younger brother, Philip, who was
trained as a lawyer but devoted himself to history
and literature.
Pierre on the other hand studied science and
medicine, in which he graduated in 1742, but he
did not practice, and occupied himself entirely with
chemistry, which he pursued under Rouelle, and
which he was one of the first to deal with as a
science, apart from its application to pharmacy and
the arts. Nevertheless he did not neglect chemical
technology, for he specially studied the dyeing of
silk, and was appointed by Louis XV. to super-
intend the manufacture of porcelain at Sevres, and
in 1750 to perform the chemical examination of
certain remedies said to be new, which were to
be sold to the government. He was admitted to
the Academy of Sciences in 1745, and succeeded
Bourdelin as professor of chemistry in the Jardin
des Plantes. He was member of the Academies of
Stockholm and Turin, of the Society of Physicians,
Paris, 'royal censor,' and 'doctor regens' of the
medical faculty of Paris.
He died on the 15 (18) Feb., 1784, and as he
himself wished an autopsy, it was found that the
aorta was ossified, and that in the cavities of the
heart were stony concretions which had caused him
untold suffering for a long time.
Macquer's researches are numerous, varied, and
original. Though he worked just before the oxygen
period he seems to have been conscious of the
defects of the phlogistic hypothesis, and some ot
his work has a bearing upon the later development.
In 1771 he first witnessed the combustion of the
diamond, he wrote memoirs on alumina in 1758
M.DCC.LXXX.
Pp. [4] 776.
and 1762, examined sulphate of calcium, sulphate
of ammonium, and sulphate of magnesium. In
1746 he demonstrated the metallic character of
arsenic, and later described potassium arseniate ;
he investigated zinc, the oxidation of tin and of
silver, the volatilization of gold, the properties
of platinum, the solubility of india rubber (in 1768),
and the composition of milk. He made researches
on the solubility of salts in alcohol, showed that the
sulphates are much less soluble than the nitrates
and chlorides, and that in general alcohol dissolves
those salts most readily in which the acids are less
firmly combined, an adumbration of some recent
views.
He wrote books on pharmacy, a Dictionnaire
portatif des Arts et Metiers, 1766, 8°, 2 vols. ;
Manuel du Naturaliste, 1770, 8° ; L'Art de la
Teinture en Soie, 1763, fol. ; in German, Leipzig,
1779. 8°.
Elemens de chimie theorique, 1741, 12 ; 1749,
12° ; 1753, 1756, 12° ; in German, Leipzig, 1752.
Elemens de chimie pratique, 1751, 12°; 1756, 12°.
The two together in English, 1758, 8° ; German,
1768, 8° ; Dutch, 1773, J775> 8° ; Russian by Kosma
Florinskie, 1774, 8°, pp. 428 ; with 4 plates, 2nd
part, 1775.
His chief book was the dictionary, which may be
regarded as the first scientific work of its class.
Dictionnaire de chymie, Paris, Lacombe, 1766,
2 vols., 8° (this first edition was anonymous) ;
1776, 1778, 2 vols., 4°, or 4 vols., 8°; edited by
H. Struve, Neuchatel, 1789, 5 vols., 8°.
Danish, Copenhagen, 1771, 1772, 8°.
German, with observations by C. W. Poerner,
Leipzig, 1768, 3 parts, 8° ; second French edition,
translated into German by J. G. Leonhardi, with
additions and remarks, Leipzig, 1781-83, 6 vols.,
8° ; and edition, Leipzig, 1788-1791, 7 vols., 8°.
MA CQ UER—MA GA/JN
61
MACQUER (PIERRE-JOSEPH). Continued.
English, by Keir, London, 1777, 3 vols., 8°
(translated from the anonymous first French
edition).
Italian, by Scopoli, Pavia, 1783, i.-vi. ; 1784,
vii.-ix., 8°.
Scopoli's observations were incorporated by
Leonhardi in his second edition, Leipzig, 1788-91 ;
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. pp. 384,
410.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 318.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 375.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iii. p. 126.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782,^. 37.
Histoire de la Socictf royale de Mtdecine, Paris,
1782-3, pp. 69-94.
Journal de mtdecine militaire, Paris, 1784, iii.
PP- 387-396-
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 548-
550, 687-688 (list of his works) ; 1799, iii. pp. 30, 34,
39, &c., &c.
Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. pp.
100-106.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 32, 36, 72, 73, 75,
80, 89, 91, 99, 106, 123, 162, 165, 166.
Vicq-d'.\zyr, Eloges Historiques, An. xiii.-i8o5,
i. pp. 277-303.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 283, 293, 306, 310, 315, 363, 369, 516,
&c., &c.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter-
mund's Fortsetzung und Erganzungen, 1813, iv.
col. 325.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1815, xxi. p. 83.
Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xxii. s.v.
new edition, Leipzig, 1792, 8°, pp. 1008 ; Leipzig,
1809, 8°.
Third edition, entirely revised by Dr. Jeremias
Benjamin Richter, Leipzig, 1806, 1807.
From 1768 to 1776 Macquer acted as editor of
the section of the Journal des Savants relating
to medicine and surgery, natural history, anatomy,
chemistry and pharmacy, and physics.
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 145.
Biographie Universelle, 1820, xxvi. p. 76 ; n.d.
xxv. p. 658 (by Cadet Gassicourt).
Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. pp.
295-301.
QueYard, La France litttraire, 1833, v. p. 418.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, "• PP- 393-
394 ; 1869, ii. pp. 385-386, 530.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, '• PP- 22°*
224, &c., &c.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicak, 1855, »•
p. 430.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855. P- 634-
Nouvelle Biographie Gtnlrale, 1863, xxxii. col.
595 (by H. Fisquet).
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarischts Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 7.
Dictionnaire encycloptdique des Sciences Midi-
cales, 2eme SeYie, 1870, iii. p. 630.
Barbier, Dictionnaire des Ouvrages anonymes,
1872, i. col. 959, d.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p.
89.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. pp. 89, 250
(Macquer's attitude towards alchemy].
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1887, viii. p. 494.
MADATHANUS (HENRICUS).
Aureum Seculum Redivivum.
See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 53-
See MYNSICHT (HADRIAN A).
The above is a pseudonym of Hadrian a Myn-
sicht, as is said in Keren Happuch, and also in
the British Museum Catalogue. Borel, however,
includes only this work by Madathanus, and makes
no allusion to Mynsicht at all. The book appeared
in German with the title: Aureum seculum redi-
vivum, das ist : die uhralte entwichene giildene
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 149.
Kbnig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 492.
Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 91.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermltique, 1742, iii. p. 47 (he quotes the above
from the 1677-78 edition of the Miisteum Hermeti-
Zeit, 1621, 8°, and it was included in the collection
by Condeesyanus or Grasshoff, Dyas Chymica
Tripartita, 1625, pp. 67-87, and in Latin in the
previous editions of the Musaum Hermeticum,
1625, pp. 75-99 ; and 1677-8. pp. 53-72.
Konig quotes the above book but misnames the
author ' Madanathus," and refers to Mynsicht.
cum, and calls the author ' Madastanus ' and
' Madasthanus,' but identifies him with Mynsicht).
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic
der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. pp. 114, 117.
Murr, Ober den wakren Ursprung der Rosen-
kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 58.
L,adra.gue,ffiMiotMgue Ouvaroff,Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 1255 (entered under Mynsicht).
MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie.
Tubingen bey Jakob Friedrich Heerbrandt. 1784.
8°. Pp. xxxi [i] 392.
Erster Band.
Zwerter Band. 1787.
8°. PP- [32] 376.
MA GAZIN—MAIER
MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie. Continued.
The two volumes contain the following tracts :
Vol. I.
I. Ueber die allgemeine Auflosungsmittel von
D. Rud. Job. Fried. Schmid, p. i.
II. Geschichte des Feuer-wassers und hollischen
Feuers nebst einigen damit angestellten Versuchen
von Joh. Wilh. Agricola, p. 217.
III. Eine Perle den Schweinen vorgeworfen, das
ist, der Stein der Weisen in seinen mathematischen
Anfangen der Welt vorgelegt, p. 277.
IV. Ueber allgemeine Arzneien. Vor Liebhaber
philosophischer Wahrheit. Durch E. C. D. M.,
p. 291.
V. Carl Fried. Zimmermanns Gedanken von der
Uebereinstimmung, welche an etlichen Sazen aus
der wahren Alchemic mit verschiedenen im Mineral-
reich sich erzeigenden Umstanden zu bemerken ist.
p. 355, Nebst
Dessen Gedanken iiber die magische und medi-
cinalische Steine, p. 386.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 596.
Vol. II.
1. Das Goldene Vliefs, Oder von der Moglichkeit
der Verwandlung der Metalle. Von dem Prof.
Creuling (sic, for Creiling), p. i.
2. Der alchemische Wegweifser, p. 177.
3. Ausziige aus denen vier Schriften :
1. Lumen de Lumine von Eug. Philaletha,
p. 265.
2. Antroposophia Theomagica von eben
diesem, p. 301.
3. Philosophische Brieftasche von einem
Ungenannten, p. 319.
4. Wasserstein der Weifsen, p. 365.
nebst noch zweien Traktatlein
1. von Johann von Mesung.
2. Via Veritatis.
These last two tracts do not appear in this copy.
uvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 628.
MAGIA Naturalis.
See GEHEIME UNTERREDUNGEN zwischen zweyen vertrauten Freunden,
Magia Naturalis, 1722.
von
MAGISTERIO.
See ARNALDUS de Villanova.
MAGNI (De) lapidis compositione & operatione.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 5.
MAGNI Philosophorum Arcani Revelator. Quo Hermetis Discipuli, Magnfque
Scrutatores Operis omnia ad suum laborem necessaria, clarissime explicata
invenient. Tractatus contentos proxima indicat pagina. Genevae, Apud
Samuelem De Tournes. M.DC.LXXXVIII.
12°. Pp. [2] [1-8] 9-490 [9] [i blank]. Engraved plate of apparatus, p. 302.
Portrait of Hermes Trismegistus on the title-page.
The tracts in this volume are as follows :
Pretiosissimi Arcani Arcanorum et Philosophorum
Magisterii Verissima ac Purissima Revelatio. De
Transmutatione Metallorum : in qua dicta obscura
Philosophorum optimfe ac clarissime deteguntur.
Recens in lucem edita a quodam Philosopho
Anonymo, p. i.
Opus Philosophicum quod Opus lovis nuncupatur,
cum aliis Operibus Particularibus De Transmuta-
tione Metallorum, p. 305.
Liber de Septem Verbis Philosophorum cum
explicatione, in quibus totum Opus Philosophicum
continetur, p. 369.
Reverendissimi Archipresbyteri Magistri Antonii
de Abatia Epistolas Duse, Scrutatoribus Artis
Chymicze mandatae, p. 421.
Annotationes in duas Epistolas . . . Antonii de
Abatia, p. 473.
Arcanum a quodam Philosopho anonymo de-
ductum, p. 483.
MAHLER (JOHANN ANDREAS).
See LEMERY (NICOLAS), 1709.
He was Respondens for a dissertation with Fr. cum cautelis, Halae Magdeburgicae, Typis Johanni
Hoffmann as Proeses: Dissertatio medica inauguralis Gruneri [1705], 4°, ff. 18.
tradens praxin clinicam et compendiosam febrium,
MAIER (MICHAEL).
Atalanta Fugiens, hoc est, Emblemata Nova de Secretis Naturae Chymica,
Accommodata partim oculis & intellectui, figuris cupro incisis, adjectisque
MAIER 63
MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued.
sententiis, Epigram matis & notis, parti m auribus & recreationi animi plus
minus 50 Fugis Musicalibus trium Vocum, quarum duae ad unam simplicem
melodiam distichis canendis peraptam, correspondeant, non absq; singular!
jucunditate videnda, legenda, meditanda, intelligenda, dijudicanda, canenda &
audienda : Authore Michaele Majero Imperial. Consistorii Comite, Med. D.
Eq. ex. &c. Oppenheimii Ex typographia Hieronymi Galleri, Sumptibus
Job. Theodori de Bry, M DC XVIII.
4°. Pp. 211 [3, 2 blank]. Title within an engraved border. Portrait of Maier.
50 engraved emblematic pictures, with an ' epigramma,' each of which is set to music.
For a later edition, see ' Scrutinium Chymicum,' 1687.
Michaelis Majeri, Imperial. Consistor. Comit. Med. D. Eq. Ex. &c. Cbymisches
Cabinet, derer grossen Geheimnussen der Natur, durch wohl ersonnene
sinnreiche Kupfferstiche und Emblemata, auch zu mehrerer Erleuchterung und
Verstand derselben, mit angehefften sehr dienlich- und geschickten Sententien
und Poetischen Uberschrifften, dargestellet und ausgezieret. Welches, nach-
deme es wegen vieler darinn entdeckten raren Geheimnussen und Erlauterung
der Philosophischen Subtilitaten, von verschiedentlichen hocherleuchtenden
und zu grossen Kiinsten sich applicirenden Liebhabern zum 6'ffteren begehret
und verlanget worden ; Der Chymischen Republic und dero Liebhabern, zur
Speculation, Betracht- und Untersuchung aus wohlmeinender Veneration und
Liebe zum zweyten mahl in der Lateinischen Sprach ausgefertiget, vor jetzo
aber zum ersten mahl in das Hochteutsche iibersetzet ist; von G. A. K. der
Philosophischen Kiinsten Liebhabern. Deme beygefiiget ist, eine Application
des Hohen Lied Salomonis, auff die Universal-Tinctur der Philosophorum.
Franckfurt, Verlegts Georg Heinrich Oehrling, Anno 1708.
4°. Pp. [4] 153 [i blank]. 50 emblematic engravings.
This is a German translation of the Scrutinium Chymicum.
Examen Fucorum Pseudo-Chymicorum Detectorum et in Gratiam Veritatis
Amantium succincte refutatorum. Authore Michaele Maiero, Com. Pal. Eq.
Ex. Med. D. Francofurti Typis Nicolai Hoffmanni, sumptibus Theodori
de Brij, Anno M.CDXVII.
4°. Pp. 47 [i blank]. Vignette.
Lusus Serius, quo Hermes sive Mercurius Rex Mundanorum Omnium sub
Homine existentium, post longam disceptationem in Concilio Octovirali
habitam, homine rationali arbitro, judicatus & constitutus est. Authore
Michaele Majero Com. Pal. Med. D.
Horat.
Omne tulit punctum, qui miscuit utile dulci.
Oppenheimii Ex Chalcographia Hieronymi Galleri, Sumptibus Lucae Jennis
Bibliop. 1616.
4°. Pp. 79 [i blank]. Vignette.
[Another Copy.]
64 MAIER
MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued.
In this copy the date has been altered. It was an edition, Oppenheim 1619 ; but I doubt if one
originally 1616, but the top of the 6 has been exist apart from that of 1616.
scraped out and a tail has been added with a pen, There is an edition, Francofurti, 1617, 4° ; a
so that it appears to be 1610. German translation : Frankfurt, 1615 (?), 8°, and
This alteration from 1616 to 1619 seems to have 1625 ; an English translation by J. de la Salle :
been done systematically; I have seen another Lusus Serius, or Serious Passe-time, London, 1654,
copy with the date altered, and Schmieder quotes 12°, pp. [8J 139 [i blank].
Michaelis Majeri, Imperial. Consistor. Comit. Med. D. Eq. Ex. &c. Secretions
Naturae Secretorum Scrutinium Chymicum, per oculis et intellectui accurate
accommodata, figuris cupro appositissime incisa, ingeniosissima Emblemata,
bisque confines, & ad rem egregie facientes sententias, doctissimaque item
Epigrammata, illustratum. Opusculum ingeniis altioribus, & ad majora natis,
ob momenta in eo subtilia, augusta, sancta, rara, & alioqui nimium quantum
abstrusa, quam maxime expetitum, desideratum ; Iterata vice amplissimaa
Reipublicse Chymicae Bono & Emolumento, non sine singulari jucunditate
legendum, meditandum intelligendum, dijudicandum, depromptum. Franco-
furti, Impensis Georgii Henrici Oehrlingii, Bibliopolae. Typo Johannis
Philippi Andrese. M.DC.LXXXVII.
4°. Pp. [8] 150 [2 blank]. 50 symbolical engravings.
This is a reprint of Atalanta Fugiens, The portrait, the omission of the music, and of the
differences in this edition are the alteration of the ' Epigramma Authoris' and ' Epistola dedicatoria. '
title, the omission of the engraved title and Maier's
Silentium post Clamores, hoc est, Tractatus Apologeticus, quo causae non solum
clamorum seu Reuelationem Fraternitatis Germanicae de R. C. sed & Silentii,
seu non redditae ad singulorum vota responsionis, vna cum malevolorum
refutatione, traduntur & demonstrantur, scriptus Authore Michaele Maiero
Imperialis Consistorij Comite, Eq. Ex. Phil. & Med. D. Francof. Apud
Lucam lennis. M.DC.XVII
8°. Pp. 142 [2 blank]. Vignette.
This was translated into German, Franckfurt, pp. 236 [4 blank]. At p. 101 begins a reprint of
1617, 8°, pp. 190 [2 blank]. The second edition Themis Avrea, with a separate title-page, 1624.
of the Latin was published at Frankfurt, 1622, 8°,
Symbola Aureae Mensae Duodecim Nationum. Hoc est, Hermsea seu Mercurii
Festa ab Heroibus duodenis selectis, artis Chymicae vsu, sapientia & authoritate
Paribus celebrata, ad Pyrgopolynicen seu Aduersarium ilium tot annis iacta-
bundum, virgini Chemiae Iniuriam argumentis tam vitiosis, quam conuitiis
argutis inferentem, confundendum & exarmandum, Artifices verb optime de ea
meritos suo honori & famae restituendum,
Vbi & artis continuatio & veritas inuicta 36. rationibus, & experientia librisque
authorum plus quam trecentis demonstratur,
Opus, vt Chemiae, sic omnibus aliis Antiquitatis & rerum scitu dignissimarum
percupidis, vtilissimum, i2riibris explicatum & traditum, figuris cupro incisis
passim adiectis, Authore Michaele Maiero Comite Imperialis Consistorii,
Nobili, Exempto, Med. Doct. P.C. olim Aulico Caes. Francofurti Typis
Antonij Hummij, impensis Lucse lennis. M.DC.XVII.
4°. Pp. [20] 621. Index [43], Portrait of the author, the same as in Atalanta
Fugiens, 12 symbolical engravings. The title is enclosed in a border containing
12 medallion portraits of the chief alchemists of 12 Nations. Woodcut, p. 345. The
MAIER 65
MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued.
portraits are of Hermes, Maria, Democritus, Morienus, Avicenna, Albertus, Arnoldus,
Thomas Aquinas, Raymundus, Bacon, Melchior Cibinensis Ungarus, and Anonymus
Sarmata, who is probably Sendivogius. (Compare the Viridarium, p. 39, where the
Emblem is repeated. )
Tripus Aureus, hoc est, Tres Tractatus Chymici Selectissimi, nempe
I. Basilii Valentini, Benedictini Ordinis monachi, Germani, Practica vna
cum 1 2. clauibus & appendice, ex Germanico ;
II. Thomse Nortoni, Angli Philosophi Crede Mihi seu Ordinale, ante annos
140. ab authore scriptum, nunc ex Anglicano manuscripto in Latinum trans-
latum, phrasi cuiusque authoris vt & sententia retenta ;
III. Cremeri cuiusdam Abbatis Westmonasteriensis Angli Testamentum,
hactenus nondum publicatum, nunc in diuersarum nationum gratiam editi, &
figuris cupro affabre incisis ornati opera & studio
Michaelis Maieri Phil. & Med. D. Com. P. &c. Francofurti Ex Chalco-
graphia Pauli lacobi, impensis Lucae lennis. Anno M.DC.XVIII.
4°. Pp. 196. A blank leaf between pp. 182-3 anc* a blank leaf at the end.
Vignette, portrait, and 19 engravings.
This collection was reprinted in the Musceum Hermeticum, 1749 (q.v.).
Michaelis Majeri Viatorium, hoc est, De Montibus Planetarum septem seu
Metallorum ; Tractatus tarn utilis, quam perspicuus, quo, ut Indice Mercuriali
in triviis, vel Ariadneo filo in Labyrintho, seu Cynosura. in Oceano Chymi-
corum errorum immenso, quilibet rationalis, veritatis amans, ad ilium, qui in
montibus sese abdidit De Rubea-petra Alexicacum, omnibus Medicis desidera-
tum, investigandum, uti poterit. Oppenheimii Ex typographia Hieronymi
Galleri. Sumptibus Joh. Theodori de Bry. M.DC.XVIII.
4°. Pp. 136 [misprint for 138] [2 blank]. The title is surrounded by an engraved
border, with Maier's portrait in the centre at the top, a landscape at the bottom, and
the gods and goddesses representing the seven metals in compartments along the sides.
Seven symbolic engravings in the text.
Michaelis Majeri Viatorium, hoc est, De Montibus Planetarum septem seu
Metallorum ; Tractatus tarn utilis, quam perspicuus, quo, ut Indice Mercuriali
in trivijs, vel Ariadneo filo in Labyrintho, seu Cynosura in Oceano Chymi-
corum errorum immenso, quilibet rationalis, veritatis amans, ad ilium, qui in
montibus sese abdidit De Rubea-petra Alexicacum, omnibus Medicis desidera-
tum, investigandum, uti poterit. Rothomagi, Sumpt. loannis Berthelin, in
area Palatij. Anno M.DC.LI.
8°. Pp. 224, Engraved title included. 7 engravings. Vignette.
Michaelis Meyeri, D. Viridarium Chymicum, das ist : Chymisches Lust-
Gartlein, in sich begreiffend etlich und fiinffzig Philosophische Sinnenbilder,
deren Beschreibung in teutsche Reimen gefasset, durch einen Liebhaber
deren Wissenschafft. Franckfurt am Mayn, Bey Herman von Sand.
M DC LXXXVIII.
Oblong 8°. Pp. 112. Title; preface pp. 3-6; p. 7, blank; p. 8, verses; p. 9,
copper plate engraving, and thereafter verses on the verso and engraving on the recto
of each page. Compare Stolcius de Stolcenberg's book.
II. £
66
MAIER
MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued.
Aenigma.
See BOREL (PIERRE), Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 275.
Subtilis Allegoria super Secreta Chymiae.
See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 701.
Treuhertzige Warnungs-Vermahnung, ... an alle wahre Liebhaber der Natur-
gemafsen Alchymiae transmutatoriaa.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FREDERICK), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i.
p. 289.
See THARSANDER, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, p. 95.
Tripus Aureus.
See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 373-
Maier was born at Rensburg in Holstein about
1568. After graduating as doctor of medicine he
lived at Rostock, then at Prague, was physician to
the Emperor Rudolph II., and in 1619 to the
Landgrave Moritz of Hesse ; he was also a Pfalz-
graf and private secretary to the emperor.
In 1620 he was at Magdeburg, where he died in
1622, in his 53rd or 54th year. He was a keen
alchemist and defender of the Rosicrucians, and a
voluminous writer. He had the reputation of being
the most learned amongst the chemists of his time.
Little account of him, however, is made by
Schmieder, Kopp, and others.
In addition to the above he published the follow-
ing books :
Arcana Arcanissima, s. 1. eta. , 4°, pp. [12] 285
[i blank, 14].
Cantilenas Intellectuals de Phcenice redivivo,
Rostochii, 1622 ; Chansons . . . sur la resurrection
du Phenix, Paris, 1758, 12°, pp. [8] 129 [i blank],
Latin and French.
Civitas Corporis Humani, Francofurti, DCXXI.
(sic), 8°, pp. 216.
De Circulo Physico Quadrate, Oppenheim. , 1616,
4°, PP- 79 [i blank].
Examen Fucorum Pseudochymicorum, Francof.,
1617, 4°, pp. 47 [i blank].
Jocus Severus, Franco?., 1617, 4°, pp. 76.
Verum Inventum, hoc est, munera Germanise,
Francof., 1619, 8°, pp. [16, i-io] 11-249 [i, 6 blank].
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
l637. P- 362.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 149-153,
267.
Morhof, De Metallorum transmutatione ad . . .
Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, pp. 84,
104, 146.
Kbnig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p.
496.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686. p. 817.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicomtm,
1731, II. i. p. 128.
Jacob L^eupolds Prodromus Bibliottiecce Metallica,
1732, p. 96.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. 100, 123 ; ii. pp.
169, 422, 434, 444 ; iii. p. 554.
Kestner, Medtcinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740,
P- SOS-
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741,
Bd. ii. p. 253 (Th. ii. B. xvii, c. xviii. § 24) ; Bd. iii.
A. p. 116, §3.
Septimana Philosophia, Francof., 1620, 4°, pp.
[36] 228 [52]. Folding plate.
Themis Aurea, Francof. , 1618, 8°, p. 192 ; 2nd
edition, 1624, along with ' Silentium post cla-
mores (q.v. ).
The Rosicnician work : Tractates Post humus,
sive Ulysses, Francofurti, 1624, 8°, pp. 274 [2
blank], was published after his death. It was
short (pp. 41), but the editor added others on the
same topic, and issued it as a kind of memorial
volume. The other tracts are :
Colloquium Rhodostauroticum, p. 43 ;
Echo Colloquii Rhodostaurotici, p. 163 ;
Christianas Religionis Summa per Joan. Diazium
Hispanum, p. 203 ;
Scholasterium Christianum, p. 217.
So far as I have observed this is one of the
rarest of Maier's works.
Kopp mentions another work : Comitia philoso-
phica, which I have not seen.
De Volucri Arborea, Francof., 1619, 8°, pp. 180.
Themis Aurea, English translation, London,
1656, 16°, pp. [30, 2 blank] 136.
Echo Fraternitatis Rosea Cruets, Dantisci, 1616,
8°, has been ascribed to him.
A good deal of the interest of Maier's books now
turns upon their symbolical illustrations by De Bry,
apart from the treatment of the subject of alchemy
and Rosicrucianism.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 384, 477 ; iii. pp. 47, 48,
225-230, 284.
Moller, Cimbria literata, Havniae, 1744, i. pp.
376-380.
Vogt, Catalogus Historico-Criticits I.ibrorum
Rariorum, Ed. 3*, 1747, p. 430.
Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 329 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz-
ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1106.
Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, pp. 366-67.
Guil. Francois De Bure, Bibliographie instructive,
1764, Volume . . . des Sciences et Arts, Nos. 1912-
1924 (gives a list of fourteen of his works).
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 425.
Haller, Bibliotheca. Medicince practices, 1777, ii.
pp. 470, 498.
Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des
Ordens des Goldenen und Kesenkreutxts, Leipzig,
*783. PP- 61-63.
MAIER—MAL VASIA
biography, a list of his principal works, and a dis-
cussion on the Rosicrucians).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 353.
Nouvellc Biographic G£nerale, 1863, xxxii. col.
862.
L>adra.gue,BidIio/Atyue Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 1127.
Bauer, Chemie und Alchymie in. Osterreich, 1883,
p. 18.
H. Peters, Aus pharmazeutischer Vorzeit in Bild
nnd Wort, 1886, p. 205.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 220 ; ii. pp. 8,
220, 323, 339, 341, 350, 354, 366-370, 375, 381, 382,
384-
Bricka, Dansk Biografisk Ltxicon, 1897, xi. p. 67
(article by S. M. J^rgensen).
MAIER (MICHAEL). Continued.
Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 520, 601, 603.
Beckmann, Beyirage sur Geschichte der Erfin-
dungen, 1792, iii. p. 458 ; English translation, 1814,
iv. p. 577-
Gmzim, .Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 516.
Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen-
kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, pp. 28,
34- 44-45, 57-
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 115, 116, 118, 119, 121, 123.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1815, xxi. p. 138.
Biographie Mtdicalc, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 236.
Biographic Universelle, 1820, xxvi. p. 231 ; n.d.
xxvi. p. 113 (article by Weiss, contains a short
MAISNER (DANIEL).
See NORTON (THOMAS).
MALDINY (JOANNES JACOBUS DE).
Joannis Jacob! de Maldiny Equitis Pedemontani, Sacra Regise Maj. Danicae et
Norweg. Consiliarii, Mirabilia Mundi, sive de Scientiarum Artiumque omnium
Origine et Progressu Tractatus, in quo perutilia reserantur Arcana Mathe-
matica, Mechanica, Physica, Medica et Chymica. Accesserunt insuper rara,
certa, elaborataque Arnoldi De Villanova Experimenta, usque ad nonum
Artis Chymicae Opus, Authoris usu et annotationibus illustrata. Cum
elegantibus manupictis Figuris. Augustse Vindelicorum, Sumptibus Joannis
Jacobi Lotteri, Hseredum, Anno 1754.
8°. Pp. [12] 135 [5]. 2 folding plates.
Ferguson, ' Bibliographical Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' Transactions of the Archaeological
Society of Glasgow, 1888, N.S. i. p. 329.
MALVASIA (CARLO CESARE).
Extractum e Tractatu super Epitaphio Bononise . . . insculpto.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 717.
The work of which the above is an excerpt has
the following title :
Aelia Laelia Crispis non nata resurgens in es-
positione legal! Co: C'aroli Caesaris Malvasiae
V. I. ac. Sac. Paginae Doct. Colleg. necnon in
patrio Archigymnasio horis vespertinis ordinarii
legum Interpretis Primarii illustrissimo viro Domino
D. loanni Baptistae Colbert dicata.
Bononiae, Typis HH. Dominici Barberii, 1683,
Superiorum permissu. Expensis losephi Antonii
Davici de Turrinis. 4°, pp. [24, including the en-
graving of the stone], 196.
He gives a list of those who have attempted inter-
pretations of the /Enigma, beginning with Marius
Michael Angelus and Richardus Vitus Basin-
stochius down to Petrus Hercules Belloius, forty-
three in all, the text of the inscription with the
various readings which occur in the versions given
by the different interpreters, and then an elaborate
exposition of the inscription supported by numer-
ous illustrations taken from other Roman inscrip-
tions. His solution of the puzzle is that it is an
epitaph on a girl who died before her birth, and
who had been promised in marriage to the author
of the inscription.
Carlo Cesare, Marquis of Malvasia, was born at
Bologna, 18 Dec., 1616. He studied law, medicine,
philosophy and divinity, and sustained theses on
these subjects, was a canon of the Cathedral and
professor of law in the University, and a member
of various literary societies. All his life he made a
study of the history of art, and one of his most
important books is on this subject : Felsinapittrice,
vite de Pit tori Bolognesi, Bologna, 1678, 2 vols.,
4°; Bologna, 1841, 2 vols., 8°.
He also collected the inscriptions found in
Bologna and its neighbourhood, and published
them in a work entitled Marmora Felsinea,
Bologna, 1690, 4°.
Possibly the sElia Leelia Crispis inscription,
which was found in the house of the senator Volta,
and was believed by Malvasia to be ancient, though
others did not accept it as Roman, may have been an
outcome of his palreographical pursuits. He wrote
another small work Pitture di Bologna, Bologna,
1732, 12°, edited after his death by Zanotti, and a
number of books on law, letters, poems, etc., which
remain in manuscript and are mentioned by
Orlandi.
Malvasia died at Bologna, 10 March, 1693.
68
MAL VASIA-MANGET
MALVASIA (CARLO CESARE). Continued.
Konig, Bibliotheca Vetus el Nova, 1678, p. 500.
Pellegrino Antonio Orlandi, Noiizie degli Scrit-
tori Bolognesi e delt opere loro stampate c mano-
scritte, Bologna, 1714, 4°, p. 80.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 74 ('Malvasius, in Epita-
phium ').
Luigi Crespi, Vite de Pittori Bolognesi non
descritte nella Felsina Pittrice, Roma, 1769, pp.
1-15 ('Vita del Conte Carlo Cesare Canonico
Malvasia,' with a portrait).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter-
mund's Fortzetsung und Erganznngen, 1813, iv.
col. 525.
Biographic Universelle, 1820, xxvi. p. 417 ; n.d.
xxvi. p. 291.
Malvasia, Felsina Pittrice, ed. Giampietro Zan-
otti, Bologna, 1841, Tomoi. pp. ix. -xviii. (a reprint
of Luigi Crespi's. ' Vita,' quoted above, with a por-
trait of Malvasia as frontispiece to the volume).
Nouvelle Biographic Gitnirale, 1863, xxxiii. col.
121.
MANGET (JEAN JACQUES).
Jo. Jacob! Mangeti, Medicinae Doctoris, et Sereniss. ac Potentiss. Regis Prussiae
Archiatri, Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, seu Rerum ad Alchemiam perti-
nentium Thesaurus Instructissimus : quo non tantum Artis Aurifewe, ac
Scriptorum in ea Nobiliorum Historia traditur; Lapidis Veritas Argumentis
& Experimentis innumeris, immb & Juris Consultorum Judiciis evincitur ;
Termini obscuriores explicantur ; Cautiones contra Impostores, & Difficultates
in Tinctura Universal! conficienda occurrentes, declarantur: Verum etiam
Tractatus omnes Virorum Celebriorum, qui in Magno sudarunt Elixyre, quique
ab ipso Hermete, ut dicitur, Trismegisto, ad nostra usque Tempora de Chryso-
poea scripserunt, cum praecipuis suis Commentariis, concinno Ordine dispositi
exhibentur. Ad quorum omnium Illustrationem additae sunt quamplurimae
Figurae aeneae. Tomus Primus. Coloniae Allobrogum, Sumpt. Chouet,
G. De Tournes, Cramer, Perachon, Ritter, & S. De Tournes. M.DCC.II.
Folio in sixes. Pp. [20] 938. Title red and black. Portrait-leaf (damaged at
one corner). 16 plates.
Tomus Secundus. Oenevae, Sumpt. Chouet. . . . M.DCCII.
Pp. [2] 904. Leaf of advertisements. 14 plates. Title black.
The following are the titles of the tracts contained
in Mangel's collection :
Tomus I.
Olaus Borrichius. De Ortu et Progressu Chemias
Dissertatio (contains ' Elia Lelia Crispis,' p. 26),
i. p. i.
Olaus Borrichius. Conspectus Scriptorum Chemi-
corum Celebriorum, i. p. 38.
Athanasius Kircher. De Lapide Philosophorum
Dissertatio, i. p. 54.
Athanasius Kircher. De Alchymia Sophistica,
i. p. 82.
Salomon de Blauvenstein. Interpellatio brevis
ad Philospphos pro Lapide Philosophorum contra
Antichimisticum Mundum Subterraneum Athan-
asii Kircheri Jesuilas, i. p. 113.
Gabriel Clauder. Tractatus de Tinctura Vni-
versali, ubi in specie contra R. P. Athanasium
Kircherum pro existentia Lapidis Philosophici dis-
putatur, i. p. 119.
Daniel Georg Morhof. De Metallorum Trans-
mutatione ad ... Toelem Langelottum Epistola,
i. p. 168.
Philippus Jacobus Sachs a Levvenheimb. Aurum
Chymicum, i. p. 192.
Joh. Fridericus Helvetius. Vilnius aureus quern
mundus adorat et oral, in quo traclatur de raris-
sim6 Naturae Miraculo Transmutandi Metalla,
nempe quomodo lota Plumbi Substanlia, vel inlra
momentum, ex quavis minima Lapidis veri Philo-
sophici particula in Aurum obryzum coinmutata
fuerit Hagae Comitis, i. p. 196.
Joannes Chrysippus Fanianus. De lure Artis
Alchemise, hoc est varipram Aulorum & proeserlim
Jurisconsultorum Judicia & Responsa ad Qurestion-
em, An Alchemia sit Ars Legilima, i. p. 210.
Gulielmus Johnsonus. Lexicon Chymicum, i.
p. 217.
Gulielmus Johnsonus. Lexicon Chymicum. Liber
Secundus, i. p. 275.
Pelrus Joannes Faber. Manuscriptum . . . Res
Alchymicorum obscuras extraordinaria perspicui-
tate explanans, i. p. 291.
Pelrus Joannes Faber. Epistolne aliquot, i. p.
304.
Joannes Joachim Becher. Oedipus Chymicus,
obscuriorum Terminorum & Principiorum Chymi-
corum Mysteria aperiens el resolvens, i. p. 306.
Theobaldus de Hoghelande. De Alchimias
Difficultatibus Liber, in quo docelur, quid scire,
quidque vitare debeat verse Chemise studiosus ad
perfectionem aspirans, i. p. 336.
Cato Chemicus, Tractalus quo verae ac genuinae
Philosophise Hermeticas & fucatae ac sophisticae
Pseudo-Chemiae, & ulriusque Magislrorum Char-
aclerismi accurale delineanlur, i. p. 368.
Hermes Trismegislus. Tabula Smaragdina.
Cui titulus Verba Secretorum Hermetis Trisme-
gisti W. Chr. Kriegsmanni & Gerard! Dornei Com-
mentariis illustrata, i. p. 380.
Arnoldus de Villa Nova. Testamentum, i. p, 389.
MANGET
69
MANGET (JEAN JACQUES). Continued.
Hermes Trismegistus. Expositiones Dornei, i.
p. 389.
Hermes Trismegistus. Tractatus Aureus de
Lapidis Physici Secret6, in septem Capitula divisus,
cum Scholiis Anonymi, i. p. 400.
Turba Philosophorum ex antiquo Manuscripto
Codice excerpta, qualis nulla hactenus visa fuerat
editio, i. p. 445.
In Turbam Philosophorum Sermo unus Anonymi,
i. p. 465.
Allegorise Sapientum supra Librum Turbae Philo-
sophorum XXIX Distinctiones, i. p. 467.
Turbae Philosophorum aliud exemplar, i. p. 480.
Allegoriae super librum Turbae, i. p. 494.
/Enygma ex visione Arislei Philosophi & Alle-
goriis Sapientum, i. p. 495.
Exercitationes in turbam Philosophorum, i. p.
497-
Artephius. Liber qui Clavis majoris Sapientia:
dicitur, i. p. 503.
Calid. Liber de Compositione Alchemiae quern
edidit Morienus Romanus, Calid Regi ^Egyptiorum;
quern Robertus Castrensis de Arabicd in Latinum
transtulit, i. p. 509.
Geber. Summa Perfectionis Magisterii in sua
natura, i. p. 519.
Geber. Liber Investigations Magisterii, i. p. 558.
Geber. Testamentum, i. p. 562.
Joannes Braceschus. De Alchemia Dialogus
veram et genuinam librorum Gebri sententiam
explicans, i. p. 565.
Joannes Gerhard us. Exercitationes perbreves in
Gebri Arabis summi Philosophi libros duos Sum-
ma; perfectionis, i. p. 598.
Rogerius Baco. De Alchymia Libellus cui titu-
lus Speculum Alchemiae, i. p. 613.
Rogerius Baco. De Secretis operibus Artis &
Naturae et de Nullitate Magiee Epistola (ad
Guilielmum Parisiensem conscripta), i. p. 616.
Avicenna. Tractatulus de Alchemia, i. p. 626.
Avicenna. De Congelatione et Conglutinatione
lapidum, i. p. 636.
Aristoteles. De perfecto Magisterio Tractatus,
i. p. 638.
Aristoteles. Tractatulus de practica lapidis
philosophici, i. p. 659.
Arnaldus de Villanova. Thesaurus Thesauror-
um & Rosarium Philosophorum, omnium Secre-
tprum maximum secretum, de verissima composi-
tione Naturalis Philosophiae qua omne diminutum
reducitur ad solificum & lunificum, i. p. 662.
Arnaldus de Villanova. Novum Lumen, i. p.
676.
Arnaldus de Villanova. Perfectum Magisterium
& Gaudium transmissum ad inclytum Regem
Aragonum, quod quidem est Flos Florum, The-
saurus omnium incomparabilis & Margarita, i. p.
679.
Arnaldus de Villanova. Epistola super Alchemia
ad Regem Neapolitanum, i. p. 683.
Arnaldus de Villanova. Speculum Alchemiae, i.
p. 687.
Arnaldus de Villanova. Carmen, i. p. 698.
Arnaldus de Villanova. Quaestiones tarn Essen-
tiales quam accidentales ad Bonifacium Octavium
cum suis Responsionibus, i. p. 698.
Arnaldus de Villanova. Semita semitae, i. p.
702.
Arnaldus de Villanova. Testamentum, i. p. 704.
Raymundus Lullius. Testamentum, & primum
de Theorica, i. p. 707.
Raymundus Lullius. Testamentum. Pars Prac-
tica super Philosophic© Lapide, i. p. 763.
Joannes Gerhardus. Analysis Partis Practices
Raymundi Lullii in Testamento, i. p. 778.
Raymundus Lullius. Compendium Animae
Transmutationis Artis Metallorum, Ruperto Ati-
glomm Regi transmissum, i. p. 780.
Raymundus Lullius. Testamentum novissimum,
Carolo Regi dicatum, i. p. 790.
Raymundus Lullius. Testamenti novissimi pars
altera, i. p. 806.
Raymundus Lullius. Elucidatio Testamenti, i.
p. 823.
Raymundus Lullius. Liber dictus Lux Mer-
curiorum in quo explicatur quod in aliis Libris
occultatum est, i. p. 824.
Raymundus Lullius. Experimenta in quibus
verae Philosophiae Chemicae Operationes clarissime
traduntur, i. p. 826.
Raymundus Lullius. Liber Artis Compendiosae
quem Vademecum nuncupavit, i. p. 849.
Raymundus Lullius, Compendii Animae Trans-
mutationis Artis Metallorum aliud exemplar, i. p.
853.
Raymundus Lullius. Epistola de Accurtatione
Lapidis Benedict! missa Anno 1412. Roberto
Anglorum Regi, i. p. 863.
Raymundus Lullius. Liber Potestas Divitiarum
dictus, in quo optima expositio Testamenti Hermetis
continetur, i. p. 866.
Raymundus Lullius. Claviculaquae&Apertorium
dicitur, in qua omnia quae in opere Alchemiae
requiruntur, aperte declarantur, i. p. 872.
Raymundus Lullius. Compendium Artis Al-
chemiae et Naturalis Philosophiae, i. p. 875.
Raymundus Lullius. Tractatus de Lapide et
Oleo Philosophorum, i. p. 878.
Raymundus Lullius. Codicillus, seu Vademecum
& Cantilena in quo fontes Alchemicae Artis, ac
Philosophiae reconditioris uberrime traduntur, i.
p. 880.
Joannes Braceschus. Lignum Vitse, seu Dialogus
ex Italicd in Latinum versus a G. Gratorolo Physicd,
quo Raymundi Lulli Scripta explicantur, i. p. 911.
Liber Mutus Alchemiae Mysteria filiis Artis nudis
figuris, evidentissime aperiens (15 plates), i. p.
938.
Tomus II.
Petrus Bonus. Margarita pretiosa novella, ii.
p. i.
Joannes de Rupescissd. Liber Magisterii de con-
fectione veri Lapidis Philosophorum, ii. p. 80.
Joannes de Rupescissa. Liber Lucis, ii. p. 84.
Rosarium Philosophorum, ii. p. 87.
Rosarii Philosophorum aliud Exemplar . . . per
Toletanum Philosophum maximum, ii. p. 119.
Rosarium Abbreviatum Ignoti, ii. p. 133,
Guido de Montanor. Scala Philosophorum, ii.
P- 134-
Clangor Buccinae, ii. p. 147.
Correctio Fatuorum, ii. p. 165.
Marsilius Ficinus. Liber de Arte Chemica, ii.
p. 172.
Calid Filius Jaici. Liber Secretorum Artis, ii. p.
183-
Kalid Rex. Liber Trium Verborum, ii. p.
189.
Merlinus. Allegoria, ii. p. 191.
Thesaurus Philosophiae, ii. p. 192.
Aurelia Occulta cum Semoris Zadith Tractatulo
de Chemia, ii. p. 198.
Consilium Conjugii, seu de Massa Solis & Lunae
Libri III., ii. p. 235.
Richardus Anglicus. Libellus utilissimus ir«pi
eio?, cui titulum fecit Correctorium, ii. p. 266.
MANGE T
MANGET (JEAN JACQUES). Continued.
Georgius Ripleus, Liber Duodecim Portarum,
ii. p. 275.
Thomas Northon. Tractatus Crede Mihi, seu
Ordinale dictus, ii. p. 285.
Joannes Dausten. Rosarium arcanum Philoso-
phorum Secretissimum, ii. p. 309.
Dialogus inter Naturam & filium Philosophise,
ii. p. 326.
Dionysius Zacharias. Opusculum Chemicum, ii.
P- 336.
Nicolaus Flamellus. Cpmmentarius in Dionysii
Zacharii Opusculum Chemicum, ii. p. 350.
Collectanea ex Democrito, ii. p. 361.
Nicolaus Flamellus. Tractatus brevis, seu Sum-
marium Philosophicum, ii. p. 368.
Joannes Aurelius Augurellus. Chrysopoeia, &
Vellus Aureum, seu Chrysopoeia major & minor,
ii. p. 37i-
Nathan Albineus. Carmen Aureum, ii. p. 387.
Nathan Albineus. ^inygma, ii. p. 388.
Bernardus Trevisanus Liber de Secretissimo
Philosophorum opere Chemico, ii. p. 388.
Hermes. Tabula Smaragdina, p. 389.
Bernardus Trevisanus. Responsio ad Thoniam
de Bonpnia, . . . super eddem Opere, ii. p. 399.
Basilius Valentinus. Liber de magno Lapide
Antiquorum Sapientum, ii. p. 409.
Basilius Valentinus. Liber duodecim Clavium,
ii. p. 413.
Basilius Valentinus. De prima Materia Lapidis
Philosophic}, ii. p. 421.
Basilius Valentinus. Brevis Appendix & per-
spicua repetitio aut iteratio in librum suum de
Magno lapide Antiquissimorum, ii. p. 422.
Gerardus Dorn. Congeries Paracelsicae Chemise
de Transmutationibus Metallorum, ii. p. 423.
Michael Sendivogius. Novum Lumen Chemi-
cum, ii. p. 463.
Michael Sendivogius. Parabola, seu ^Enigma
Philosophicum, ii. p. 474.
Michael Sendivogius. Dialogus Mercurii, Al-
chemistae et Naturae, ii. p. 475.
Michael Sendivogius. Tractatus de Sulphure,
ii. p. 479.
Michael Sendivogius. Apographus Epistolarum
hactenus ineditarum super Chemia, ii. p. 493.
Orthelius. Commentarius in Novum Lumen
Chemicum Michaelis Sendivogii XII. figuris in
Germania repertis illustratum, ii. p. 516.
Guilielmus Trognianus. De lapide, ii. p. 530.
Hydrolithus Sophicus, seii Aquarium Sapientum,
»• P- 537-
Joannes Franciscus Picus Mirandulaa Dom.
Opus Aureum de Auro turn aestimando, turn con-
ficiendo, turn utendo, ii. p. 558.
Joannes Grasseus, alias Cortalasseus. Area
Arcani artificiossimi de Summis Naturae Mysteriis,
constructa ex Rustic6 ejus majore & minore, &
Physica naturali rotunda, per visionem Cabalisticam
descripta, ii. p. 585.
Anonymus Discipulus Joannis Grassei. Mysteri-
um Occultas Naturae ; DeduobusFloribusAstralibus
Agricolas minoris in ejus Area Arcani Artificiosissimi
contentis, ii. p. 619.
d'Espagnet. Enchiridion Physicae restitutae, ii.
p. 626.
In these volumes Manget has classified the
authors partly according to subject, partly chrono-
logically. The first book contains the authors who
have written the history of alchemy ; those who
have written against or for it ; those who have
given examples of transmutation ; those who
have written on the difficulties of alchemy and its
d'Espagnet. Arcanum Hermeticae Philosophise
Opus in quo occulta Naturse & Artis circa Lapidis
Philosophorum materiam & operandi modum,
canonice & ordinate fiunt manifesta, ii. p. 649.
Philaletha. Introitus apertus ad occlusum Regis
Palatium, ii. p. 661.
Philaletha. Tractatus de Metallorum Meta-
morphosi, ii. p. 676.
Philaletha. Brevis Manuductio ad Rubinum
Caelestem, ii. p. 686.
Philaletha. Fons Chemicae Philosophiae, ii. p.
693-
Joannes Ferdinandus Hertodt a Todtenfeldt.
Epistola Contra Philaletham, ii. 697.
Anonymi ad praecendentem Epistolam Responsio,
ii. p. 699.
Liber Praxeos Alchemic* cum Additionibus
Libavii, ii. p. 700.
Nicolaus Bernaudus a Crista Arnaudi Delphinas.
In ^Enygmaticum quoddam Epitaphium Bononia:
ante multa soscula marmoreo Lapidi insculptum,
Commentariolus [Aelia Lnelia Crispis], ii. p. 713.
Carolus Caesar Malvasius. Extractum e Tractatu
super eodem Epitaphio conscripto, ii. p. 717.
Pantaleon. Bifplium Metallicum, seu Medicina
duplex pro Metallis et Hominibus infirmis . . . in-
venta . . . , ii. p. 718.
Pantaleon. Tumulus Hermetis apertus, ii. p. 728.
Pantaleon. Examen Alchemisticum, ii. p. 736.
Pantaleon. Disceptatio de Lapide Physico, in
qua Tumbam Semiramidis ab Anonymo Phantastice
non Hermetice sigillatam ; jam ver6 reclusam, si
sapiens inspexerit ipsam, promissis Reguni Thesauris
vacuam inveniet, ii. p. 744.
Tumba Semiramidis Hermetice sigillata quam
si sapiens aperuerit, non Cyrus ambitiosus, avarus,
Regum ille thesauros divitiarum inexhaustos, quod
sufficiat inveniat, ii. p. 759.
Ludovicus de Comitibus. Tractatus de Liquore
Alchaest, & Lapide Philosophorum, . . . item de
Sale volatili tartari &c., ii. p. 764.
Ludovicus de Comitibus. Metallorum ac Metal-
licorum naturae operum ex Orthophysicis funda-
mentis recens Elucidatio, ii. p. 781.
Ludovicus de Comitibus. Appendix Symbolas
Crucis aliqualem explicationem exhibens, ii. p. 840.
Claudius Germain. Icon Philosophiae occultae,
ii. p. 845.
Christianus Adolphus Balduinus. Aurum su-
perius & inferius Aurse Superioris & Inferioris
Hermeticum, ii. p. 856.
Melchior Friben. Brevis enumeratio hactenus
a se in Chemia actorum, ii. p. 875.
D. I. B. De Spiritu Mundi Positiones aliquot,
ii. p. 876.
Andreas Cnoffelius. Responsum ad Positiones
de Spiritu Mundi, quod in se continet Reserationem
Tumbas Semiramidis, ii. p. 880.
Trames facilis & planus ad Auream Hermetis
Arcem recta perducens, ii. p. 887.
Daniel Stolcius de Stolcenberg. Hortulus Her-
meticus e Flosculis Philosophorum cupro incisis
conformatus, & brevissimis versiculis explicatus ;
qu6 Chemise studiosi pro Philotheca uti, fessique
Laboratoriorum ministri, recreari possint, ii. p. 895.
language. Then follow the treatises from Hermes
to Raymund Lully, with the Liber Mutus, which
completes the first volume. The second volume
contains authors from Lully down to Mangel's own
time, the beginning of the eighteenth century. In
the first volume there are 69 tracts, in the second
there are 71.
MANGE T— MANGOLD
MANGET (JEAN JACQUES). Continued.
Mangel was born at Geneva, 19 June, 1652.
His father was a wealthy merchant, and his uncle
a physician of the King of Poland. To gratify his
parents his studies were at first directed to divinity,
but afterwards he taught himself medicine by pri-
vate study and reading, graduated as doctor in
1678 at Valence, in Dauphine, and practised in his
native place with great acceptance and success.
He became dean of the Medical Faculty there, in
1699 the Elector of Brandenburg made him his
first physician, and when he became king of
Prussia, Mangel still conlinued lo hold Ihe posilion
unlil his death. His literary work, in which he is
said to have been helped by Daniel Leclerc, con-
sisted chiefly in collecting and reprinling in large
volumes irealises on medicine and surgery, and Ihese
are valuable as works of reference lo books which
eilher are now difficull lo oblain or which have
disappeared.
They are :
Messis Medico-spagyrica, Colon. (? Genevae),
1683, fol.
Bibliolheca analomica, Genevae, 1685, 2 vols. ,
fol. ; 1699, 2 vols., fol. ; London, 1711, 3 vols., 4°.
Bibliolheca pharmaceutico-medica, Genev., 1704,
2 vols. , fol.
Bibliotheca chirurgica, Genev., 1721, 4 vols., fol.
Journal des Savans, 1703, pp. 499-504.
Slolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicin-
ischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 343, 465, 494, 497,
540.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. pp. 217-257 (biography, and contents of
his different books).
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^,
1732, p. 97. (' Bibliotheca chemica curiosa,' iv.
vols. fol., Genuae, 1695, 1702. It is in two volumes,
and I have seen no other mention of a 1695
edilion.)
Lenglel Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 2 ('Bibl. Scriplorum
Medicorum '), 60 (' Bibl. Chemica Curiosa,1 wilh a
reprint of the contenls).
Me moires pour I' Histoire des Sciences &* des
beaux Arts (Memoires de Tr^voux), 1743, Mars
1743. PP- 549-SSi-
Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten-Lexicon, 1751, in.
col. 1 10 ; Rolermund's Fortsetzuns; und Ergdnzun-
gen, 1813, iv. col. 570.
Ficluld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 93. (Hor-
lacher's abslract ; Fictuld condemns both, and
laments the loss of time in compiling them.)
More'ri, Lt Grand Dicfionnaire historique, 1759,
vii. p. 159.
Osmont, Dictionnaire typographique, 1768, i.
p. 442.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botamca, 1772, ii. p. 72.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 803.
Haller, Bibliotlieca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 520.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mldecine,
1778, iii. p. 150.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1779, iii.
Bibliolheca scriptorum medicorum, 1731, 4 vols.,
fol.
(This contains the whole of Mercklin's Lin-
detiius renovatus, with reprints of biographical
notices and reviews from a variety of sources, and
addilional authors subsequent lo Mercklin's lime.
This lasl seclion, however, is not so full as il mighl
have been.)
Bibliotheca medico-practica, Genev., 1695-98,
4 vols., fol. ; Ib. 1739, 4 vols., fol.
Tbeatrum analomicum, Genev., 1716-1717, a
vols., fol.
He edited Ihe works of some olher writers on
medical subjecls.
The presenl work is the largest of the collections
of chemical aulhors, and ihough il conlains a num-
ber of works which had already been prinled in
Zelzner's Theatrum chemicum, il conlains a great
number of olhers which Zelzner did not reprint.
The originals of many of Ihe trealises are now
exlremely scarce, so thai for hislorical reference
Mangel's collection is indispensable. The only
drawback under which it labours is thai Ihe lexl
as prinled differs sometimes from that of other
editions.
Mangel died al Geneva, 15 (25) Augl., 1742, in
his 9151 year, wilhout having had a day's illness
during his lifetime.
p. 603 ( ' aliqua mecum adfinitate conjunclus,
magnus collector ').
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 2.
Jean Senebier, Histoire litttraire de Geneve,
Geneve, 1786, ii. pp. 316-18.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp.
255. 3°o, 371, 480.
Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, u. p. 122.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1815, xxi. p. 236.
Biographic Mfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 173.
Biographie Universelle, 1820, xxvi. p. 486; n.d.
xxvi. p. 340 (article by Weiss).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 513.
Que'rard, La France litttraire, 1833, v. p. 488.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtde-
cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 509.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, ii.
P- 51-
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, p. 588.
Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrak, 1863, xxxiii. col.
201.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 538. (Horlacher's abstract ;
there is no copy of Ihe original work.)
Dictionnaire Encyclopfdique des Sciences Midi-
cales, 2eme SeYie, 1871, iv. p. 505.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte oiler Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p.
115 (article by Pagel).
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 88 ; ii. p. 326,
340.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1887, viii. p. 578.
Bibliotheca Chemico-Curiosa, D. Mangeti enucleata ac illustrata, 1707.
See HORLACHER (CONRAD).
MANGOLD (CHRISTOPH ANDREAS).
Versuche mit Farben.
See ALLGKMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 319.
72 MANGOLD— MANLIIS
MANGOLD (CHRISTOPH ANDREAS). Continued.
These experiments on colours, on cinnabar, etc., him that he studied himself to death. On the 29
were communicated to the Academy of Sciences at June, 1767, he took a fancy in the evening to write
Mainz. a dissertation, and he worked at it through the
Mangold was born at Erfurt in 1719, where he cold night till i o'clock in the morning ; at 9 o'clock
began his studies. He became doctor of medicine, he was found unconscious, and his death took place
assessor of the medical and philosophical faculties on 2 July, 1767.
and of the Academy of Sciences at Erfurt, ordinary In 1761 he translated the first part of J. G.
professor of anatomy, chemistry and philosophy Wallerius' Physical Chemistry from Latin into
there, and a member of the Academy at Mont- German. The second part was translated by Chr.
pellier. From Erfurt he went to Jena, and after- Ehr. Weigel, 1776, amended 1780. In 1748 at
wards accompanied Count Gotter in his travels in Erfurt he published a volume in 4° : Chymische
France. In 1751 he was professor at Frankfurt, Erfahrungen und Vortheile, and a continuation of
where he was distinguished as a teacher and author, them at Arnstadt, 1749, 4°. This last contained a
but his plans for the improvement of chemistry and refutation of Hieronymus Ludolph's dissertations :
medicine were never carried out owing to his feeble Die in derMedicin siegende Chymie, Erfurt, 1743-50.
health, and Rotermund adds that it can be said of
Baldinger, Ehrengeddchtnifs des Prof. Mangolds, verstorbenen Teulschen Schrifsteller, 1808, viii.
Jena, 1767, 4°. p. 455.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 433. Jocher, Allgemeines Gtlehrten- Lexicon ; Roter-
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 39. mund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen, 1813, iv.
Gmelin, Geschichtt der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 461, col. 574.
471, 472, 650 (list of his papers), 694. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. 25), vi. p. 174.
(Chemia et Res Metallica), p. 4. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Med£-
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 512.
1806-08, p. 296. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
Meusel, Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p, 116.
MANLIIS (JOANNES JACOBUS DE) de Boscho.
Luminare maius.
Cinthius vt totum radijs illuminat orbem.
Illuminat latebras sic medicina tuas.
Lumen Apothecariorum.
Thesaurus Aromatariorum.
Folio. Ff. 75. Tabula [2, blank leaf].
After the ' Tabula ' comes this Colophon :
Impressum Venetijs ere ac sollerti cura heredum. q. domini Octauiani Scoti ciuis ac
patricius Modoeciensis : & sociol|.. Anno a dominica incarnatione. 1520. Die. 23.
Martij.
followed by the Registrum & Scotus' device. Black letter. Double columns.
Lumen Apothecariorum, ff. 1-24. Thesaurus Aromatariorum, ff. 25-64.
The above colophon is repeated, f. 62 verso, with the Registrum and Scotus' device.
Luminare Maius quondam elaboratissimis, loannis lacobi Manlii Alexandrini,
Commentario, & Nicolai Mutoni Mediolanensis Appendicibus, locuples ; Nunc
verb etiam luculentissima; lani Matthaei Durastantis Sanctoiustani expositione
locupletius adeb redditum ; vt, quod illorum ope solis iam erat Pharmacopceis
vtile, Nunc quidem huius opera sit etiam Medicis vtilissimum. Connexa
prseterea sunt, tam Lumen Apothecariorum, quam Thesaurus Aromatariorum,
cum dilucidissimis, illud Quirici Augusti, hie Pauli Suardi; Commentariolis.
His demum accessere et copiosissimi Quatuor Indices, Primus, ac Secundus
in Luminare ; Tertius in Lumen ; Vltimus in Thesaurum, adeb plane,
examussim, affabreq; a Durastante facti ; vt ; nihil in Testibus ; nihil in,
Commentario, Appendicibus, Expositione, & Commentariolis, sit legere ; quod
ab eisdem Alphabetico digito non breuitur indiceter. Cum Privilegio.
Venetiis, Apud Lucam Antonium luntam. Anno M D LXVI.
Folio. Ff. [36] 1-142 ; Index [ioj 143-213, 214 blank.
MANLI1S—MARBODAEUS 73
MANLIIS (JOANNES JACOBUS DE) de Boscho. Continued.
Colophon : Impressum Venetijs, in Officina Lucoe Antonij luntae. Anno a
Salubernmo Virgineo Partu. M D LXVI.
The Lumen Apothecariorum is by Quiricus de must light it up with Diogenes' lantern if one wishes
Augustis de Dertona and the Tlusaurus Aroma- to enjoy a twinkle from it ; and in the note he adds
tariorum by Paulus Suardus. that any one who turns over its leaves will see the
According to the bibliographers this book passed truth of his observations, and will come across
through many editions: Soec. XV. without place and concoctions of such a kind that he doubts if any
date; Ven., without date; 1490; Pavia, 1494; Ven. one to-day(i73i) would black his boots with them !
1496, 1499; 1501, 1503, 1506, 1517, 1549, 1551, 1556, The author, Joannes Jacobus Manlius, or de
1561, 1563, 1566, all in folio ; Lugdun. 1525, 1536, Manliis, with the addition, de Bosco or Boscho,
in small folio. The 1520 edition is not mentioned, was an Italian physician, born at Alexandria, who
An Italian version by Pietro Lauro, Venez. 1559, 4°. flourished in the fifteenth century. The best edition
Haller makes no unfavourable remark on the of the Luminare is said to be that by Nic. Mutonus.
book, and says it was not contemned by Cordus. He wrote also : Interpretatio simplicium secundum
But Stolle is particularly severe on this much-prized rituni omcinarum, printed in Otto Brunfel's Her-
Luininare, and says that even in full day light one barium Ntmum, Argent. 1531, fol. ii. nom. xi.
Van der Linden, DC Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1776, i.
1637, p. 281. p. 471.
Konig, Bibliotheca vet us et nova, 1678, p. 503. Panzer, Annales Typographic i, Norimbergae,
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 614 1794, ii. p. 258, No. 98; 1795, iii. pp. 281, 1259;
(adds a Libellus medicus variorum experimentorum, 387,2028; 453,2480; 1799, vii. pp. 369, 830; 1800,
Bas. 8°). viii. pp. 407, 575 ; 1801, ix. pp. 301, 281 ; 328,
Stolle, Anleitung zur Uistorie der Medicinischen 768 b ; 521. 567 c.
Gelakrheit, 1731, pp. 769, 770. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 167.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Hain, Repertorium bibliographiciim^ 1831, II. i.
p. 509. Nos. 10708-10713 (of the six editions Hain saw
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. only the last two, dated respectively 1496 and 1499).
col. 115; Rotermund's Fortsetsung und Ergdnz- Graesse, Trisor de Livres Rares, 1863, iv. p. 366.
ungen, 1813, iv. col. 586. Nouvelle Biographic G£ndrale, 1863, xxxiii. col.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 238. 231 (from Rotermund).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1887, viii. p. 581.
MANNA COELESTE.
Auszug aus dem Lateinischen Manuscript, Manna Coeleste, das himmlische
Manna genannt.
See WELLING (GEORG VON), Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum, 1735,
P- 549-
MANTISSA Chymica Spagyrica.
See LEMERY (NICOLAS).
MARBODAEUS.
Marbodaei Galli Caenomanensis De gemmarum lapidumq; pretiosorum formis,
naturis, atq; uiribus eruditu cu primis opusculu, sane q\ utile, cum ad rei
medicae, tu scripturae sacrae cognitione ; nQc primu no mo cetu ferme uersib.
locupletatu pariter & accuratius emedatu, sed & scholijs qq; illustratu p Alardu
AEmstelredamu
C Cuius studio E// iJMpydpirop ri
addit^ sunt & praeci fito//. "Avofioif
pU82 gernmap lapi aTSavra. Aa/i/?ave.
dflqj ptiosop expli- En margaritu no-
catides, ex uetustiss. bile, Erne si cupis
qbusq; autoribu9 co- ditescere.
actae. Cu scholijs Pi Rationale. Exodi
ctorij Villingefi. 28 & 39. Leui. 8
Coloniae excudebat Hero Alopecius, Anno 1539.
74
MARBODAEUS
MARBODAEUS. Continued.
8". Ff. 124 (misprint for 126) [a]. Ai and Aij are not numbered. Aiij numbered
3. Aiiij not numbered, AS numbered 5, Avj not numbered, Avij 7, Aviij not numbered,
Bi numbered 9, and thereafter each leaf numbered to 124.
The lower part of the title is occupied with a half-length representation of the
Jewish high priest, whose breastplate is adorned with twelve stones arranged as in the
following table.
Smaragdus
Leui
2
Topazius
Simeon
i
Sardius
Ruben
12
Beryllus
Beniamin
Carbucul9
luda
9
amethystus
Aser
10
chrysolitus
Nepthalim
ii
Onychirius
loseph
Saphirus
Zabulon
6
laspis
Isachar
7
Lincurius
Dan
8
Achates
Gad
Marbodaeus, or Marbodus, was a native of
Anjou; b. about 1035, he died at Angers, n Sept.,
1123. He was bishop of Rennes and was the
author of several works in prose and in verse.
Pits makes him out to be a Welshman, who ulti-
mately went to France. Leyser calls him an
Englishman, but these statements are not correct.
The poem on precious stones, which is the work
by which he is remembered at the present day,
must have been widely circulated. Upwards of
sixty manuscripts of it are known, and there are
translations in French, Provencal, Italian, Spanish,
English, Irish, Danish, and other languages.
This poem, revised by Joan. Cuspinianus, was
first printed at Vienna in 1511. It was not known
to Beaugendre, Fabricius, Lessing, and others, but
it is described by Beckmann.
It is contained in Marbodus' works printed at
Rennes, by Johannes Baudouyn, for Johannes Mace,
1524, sm. 4 , a book so rare that Beckmann never
saw it and Beaugendre could find only one copy in
France. The copy I have came from the Sunder-
land Library. The poem is on Dvi verso to Eii
verso. Subsequent editions : Friburg (probably),
1531, small square 8°, A to G in eights, with the
notes of Pictorius ; Paris, 1531, Christianus
Wechelus, small square 8°, pp. no [a]; Cologne,
J539 ({he present edition) ; Francof. 1540, in Cor-
narius' edition of Macer's De materiel medico, libri
5 ; Basil. 1555, Marbodi Dactyliotlieca, and again
in 1740 ; Witteberg. 1574, ed. Rantzovius ; with
preface by Henricus Moller ; reprinted at Liibeck,
J575. 8° I reprinted at Leipzig, 1585 (in these
three editions the poem goes under the name of
Evax) ; Lugd. Bat. 1695 and 1707 in Gorlseus
Dactyliotheca, ed. Jac. Gronovius; Paris, 1708, the
edition of Beaugendre, appended to his edition of
Hildebert's works, in folio, pp. 1635-1690 ; Wolf-
fenbuttel, 1740, 4°, pp. 84 ; Beckmann 's edition,
Gottingen, 1799, 8°, pp. xxviii. 164. Beckmann
gives a full account of the issues of the book and a
critical edition of the text. Marbodaeus' poems
are printed in Migne's Patrologia, vol. 171, and
in Franz's edition of Pliny's Historia naturalis,
Lips. 1791, x. pp. 734-762.
There is an almost contemporary translation of
the poem into old French. It was printed by
Beaugendre from a MS. of S. Victor and reprinted
by Beckmann. The fullest account of the old
French translation, with the corresponding lapi-
daries of Modena, Berne, and Cambridge and
other similar works, is that by Leopold Pannier.
There is an edition of the poems, with a trans-
lation into modern French, and an introduction
about the author by Sigismond Ropartz, Rennes
(1873), 8°, pp. 227 (the 'Lapidarium,' pp. 141-
207). What amounts to a translation into Spanish
is found in a MS. in the British Museum, from
which it was edited by Karl Vollmoller : Ein
Spanisches Steinbuch, Heilbronn, 1880, 8°, pp.
vi. 34. The Danish translation was made by
Molbech, and that into English by King, printed
in the appendix to his work on antique gems.
The poem under the title of ' ' Lapidarium " is
often quoted and whole passages are transferred or
copied by Vincent de Beauvais, Speculum Natitrale,
Lib. ix., and by Bartholomew Glanville, De Fro-
prietatibus rertim, Lib. xvi., and it is also a source
used in the Liber Aggregations attributed to
Albertus Magnus.
One of the questions connected with this work is
whether it is by Marbodus or by an Arab called
Evax. It has arisen because the poem opens with
an allusion to a person of that name. Lessing
(ii. p. 139) does not see why Evax should not have
written a work on precious stones, or why Mar-
bodus should have said that his poem was extracted
from Evax's work, if it were not so. Reinesius
thinks Marbodus made himself the interpreter of
Evax. See also Beckmann's notes in his edition,
1799, pp. 1-5. In the Histoire Litdrairc de la
France, there is a sustained discussion about
the authorship of the poem. Dom Rivet in 1735
at first argued against the probability of Mar-
bodus the bishop being the author, but in a later
article he seems to have assigned it to him after all.
The author of the article on Marbodus in a subse-
quent volume criticises and refutes D. Rivet's
views and on the whole decides in favour of the
bishop, though he admits that the question is not
absolutely settled. According to D. Rivet (ii. p.
338) only two MSS. have the name of Marbodus.
In a MS. on vellum (about 1380) in my possession
(which I do not suppose is one of these two) there
are at the end three lines marked ' Marbod' re-
donSsis eps,' and the Colophon runs : " Explicit
liber Marbodi eps redonSsis natura lapidS An.
J. C. M. viij. xij." The lines occur in the 1524
edition without any heading ; they are entitled
'jMarbodei epilogus' in Pictorius' edition, 1531,
f. 54; in the present edition, Epilogus, f. 76 verso;
in Rantzovius' of 1585 they are called 'Conclusio
operis,' and in Beckmann's they form part of
what is termed 'Epilogus.'
MARBODAEUS—MARENGUS
75
MARBODAEUS. Continued.
According to Beaugendre ( Venerabilis Hilde-
berti primo Cenomanensis Episcopi . . . Opera
. . . accesservnt Marbodi Redonensis episcopi . . .
opuscula, Paris, 1708, fol., cols. 1379-80) the author
is Marbodus Andegavensis, the bishop, and he
Macri de Materia inedica Libri V. versib-us con-
scripti, ed. Cornarius, Francofurti, 1540. (The
poem : De naturis lapidum liber, forms Liber V.
tf. 97 verso to 132 recto and the author's name is
spelled ' Marboldus.')
Wolfgang Jobst ( Justus), Chronologia sive Tetn-
porum supputatio omnium illnstrium medicorum,
Francophorti ad Viadmm, 1550, p. 75. ('Evax
Rex Arabum ' in the time of Nero, noticed by
Suidas and Symphorianus Campegius).
Bale, Scriptorum . . . Brytannice Catalogus, Basil. ,
1557, Cent. ii. p. 154 (calls him ' Marbodus Euan x,
Brytannus, ex Cambria').
Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus, ' Historiae Poetarum
DialogusQuintus," Opera Omnia,i$8o,p. 223, No. 30.
Gesner, Bibliotheca, ed. Simler, 1583, pp. 467
(Marbodus), 501 (Merboldus).
Antouius Possevinus, Apparatus Sacer, 1608, ii.
P- 53-
Sixtus Senensis, Hibliotheca sancta, 1610, lib. 4,
p. 274 (calls him Marbadus).
Pits, ' De Illustribus Britanniae Scriptoi ibus,' in
Relationes Historic^ de Rebus Anglicis, Paris, 1619,
p. 185.
Gerardus Joannes Vossius, De Historicis Latinls
libri III. , 1651, lib. 2, c. 44, p. 372.
Reinesius, Defensio rariarum lectionum, 1653,
p. 76.
G. J. Yossius, DC I'etcntm Poetarum Tempori-
bus Libri II., 1654, ' De poetis Latinis.'c. vi. p. 72.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 505.
Conring, In Univenam artem Medicam . . .
Introductio^ 1687, p. 93 (Evax).
Du Pin, Nouvelle Bibliotheque des Auteurs
Ecclesiastiques, 1697, ix. p. 159.
Du Pin, A new Ecclesiastical History, 1698, x.
p. 15°-
Ada Eruditorum, 1709, p. 145.
Fabricius, Bibliolheca Latina, 1712, i. pp. 719
(1524 edition), 869 ('do lapidibus') (the author is
put under various names, Marbodeus, Merbodeus,
Merboldus, Merobaudes) ; 1721, ii. pp. 308-313
(list of his works) ; 880-881 (' Carmen de Gemmis ').
Polycarp Leyser, Historia Poetarum et Poem-
ntum Medii Aevi, Halre Magd. , 1721, pp. 368-70.
Heumann, Poecile, 1722, I. lib. ii. n. xi. pp. 266-
272 (' Emendatio Sententiarum Marbodi').
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graeca, 1728, xiv. p. 118
(list of references in Vincent de Beauvais' Speculum
Naturale to the book ' de Lapidibus,' which passes
under the name of Evax).
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothectz metallicce,
1732, p. 98.
Histotre Littraire de la France, 1735, ii. pp. 335-
expresses some surprise at MoreYi calling him M.
Cenomanensis. But Beaugendre either did not
know or had forgotten that in Alard's present
edition he is actually so entitled.
340 (article by Dom Rivet); 1867, Avert. Ivij. , vii.
p. 134 ; 1868, x. pp. 343-392-
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina media et infima
/Etatis, 1736, v. pp. 45-56 ; iii. p. 761.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexikon, 1751,
iii. col. 134; Rolermund'sFortsefzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1813, iv. col. 641. (They draw a distinction
between Marbodaeus and Marbodus.)
MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnairt historique,
Amsterd., 1759, vii. p. 190.
Mailer, Bibliotheca Medicinte practices, 1776, i.
p. 429 ( ' de gemmis ').
Lessing, Kollektaneen, 1790, under Edelsteine,
i. p. 203 ; Evax, i. p. 226 ; Marbodus, ii. p. 137.
Panzer, Annales Typographici, 1800, viii. p. 244,
Xo. i (Marbodus, Hymtii, Rhedonis, 1524, 4 ) ;
p. 149, No. 2077 (Marbodaeus, De lapidibus,
\Vechel, 1531) ; 1801, ix. p. 7, No. 35 (Viennae,
1511, 8°); p. 152, No. 456 (without place, 1531).
Chaudon et Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaiie
Historique, Lyon, An xii.-i8o4, vii. p. 592.
Biographie Universelle, artcienne et moderne,
Paris, 1820, xxvi. p. 568; n.d., xxvi. p. 424 (by
Weiss).
Morwitz, Geschichte dcr Medicin, 1848, i. p. 175 ;
1849, ii. p. 105 (list of editions).
Ernst H. F. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik,
Konigsberg, 1856, iii. p. 539.
Gallia Christiana, Pans, 1856, xiv. col. 746.
Nouvelle Biographie Ge"n<!rale, Paris, 1863, xxxiii.
col. 366.
C. W. King, The Natural History of Precious
Stones and Gems, 1865, p. 7.
C. W. King, Antique Gems, 1866, pp. 389-417.
(Verse translation of Marbodceus' poem. King
regards the ascription to Evax as merely a poetic
license.)
Steinschneider in Virchow's Archiv, 1868, xlii. p.
57, note 16.
C. Ferry, De Marbodi Rhedonensis episcopi Vita
ct Carminibits, Nemausi, 1877, 8°, pp. [8] 107
[i blank] (' Lapidarium,' pp. 67-83.)
Leopold Pannier, Les Lapidaires Franfais du
Moyen Age des XII*, XIII» et XIV* Siecles, Paris,
F. Vieweg, 1882, 8°, for/iiing the 52t)d fascicule of
the ' Bibhotheque de 1'Ecole des hautes Etudes.'
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p.
123.
L£on Ernault, Marbode Evtque de Ken.nes sa vie
et ses CEuvres (1035-1123) avec une preface et des
notes de son frere Emile Ernault ... et de Ftlix
Robiou, Rennes, 1890, 8°, pp. [4] v. [i blank] 260
[i, i blank] (' Liber Lapidum,' pp. 102-125).
MARCHASITA (DE).
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verre Alchemiie . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 254.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 173.
MARCK (BERNHARD VON DER).
See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS.
MARENGUS (JOANNES BAPTISTA).
Palladis Chymicae Arcana Detecta, siue Mineralogia Naturalis, & Artificialis.
76
MARENGUS—MA RGGRAF
MARENGUS (JOANNES BAPTISTA). Continued.
Opus plane aureum. In quo prsecipue ostenditur modus efficiendi Philoso-
phorum Lapidem, & multa alia lucrosa traduntur. Secunda Editio. In multis
praxeis aucta, in omnibus clarius explicata, & in duas partes diuisa. Auctoris
nomen in hoc puro anagrammate iterum delitescit. lanus Gobrat sapiens
manet. Genuas, 1678. Typis Antonij Georgij Franchelli. Superiorum
permissu.
12°. Pp. 426, 355 [3]. The second part has a short title included in the pagination.
The first edition has the following title-page :
* Palladis Chymicae Arcana detecta, siue Mineralogia Naturalis, & Artificialis. In
Natural! ostenditur, quoniodo a natura metalla in visceribus terrse generentur : in
Artificial! vero modus, quo per artem metalla imperfecta reducantur ad perfectionem
Solis, vel Lunae, demonstratur Opus plane aureum in tres partes divisum. Auctoris
nomen in hoc puro anagrammate delitescit lanus Gobrat sapiens manet. Genuae,
M.DC.LXXIV. Typis Antonij Georgij Franchelli. Superiorum permissu.
12°. Pp. [1-18] 19-285 [2 of errata, i blank].
This first edition is said to be extremely rare.
The second edition, as is obvious from the pagina-
tion, has been much enlarged, and, in fact, re-
written, besides being arranged in two parts
instead of three. Lenglet Dufresnoy is, therefore,
quite correct when he says that it is necessary to
have both editions. But that is not quite easy to
attain to, and in the British Museum, so far as I
have observed, there is a copy of the second
edition only.
The author's anagram which appears in both
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoirc de la Philosophic
Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 253.
editions, is explained in a note by the printer at the
end of the second part of the second edition, p.
355. He says that it stands for loannes Baptista
Marengus, a citizen of Genoa, a man distinguished
in literature.
Similarly Lenglet Dufresnoy calls him Jean-
Batiste Maringue. Kopp in his note on alchemical
books with the title from ' Pallas ' quotes the first
edition, but does not mention either the anagram
or name of the author, and makes a little slip in
saying that the book was published at Geneva.
Kopp, Die Alcliemie, 1886, ii. p. 367.
MARGARITA.
See ARNALDUS de Villanova.
See BONUS (PETRUS).
For alchemical works called Margarita, see Kopp, Die Akliemie, 1886, ii. p. 374.
MARGGRAF (ANDREAS SIEGMUND).
Andr. Siegm. Marggrafs Directors und Chymici der Konigl. Preufsischen Aka-
demie der Wissenschaften und der Churmaynz. Akademie niitzlicher Wissen-
schaften ordentlichen Mitglieds Chymischer Schriften Erster Theil. Neue
verbesserte Auflage. Berlin, bey Arnold Wever, Buchhandler. 1768.
8°. Pp. [22] 330 [6]. Folding table. 2 plates.
Zweyter Theil, 1767, pp. xiv. 206. [i, i blank], i plate.
[Another Copy of the second part.]
The name is also spelt Marcgraf, Marcgrav, and
Margraf. He was born at Berlin, 3 March, 1709.
He had long training in pharmacy under Caspar
Neumann in Berlin ; in 1731 he went to the
Apothecary Rossler at Frankfurt a. M., and to
Spielmann in Strasburg in 1733 ; studied medicine
at Halle under Hoffmann and luncker, and miner-
alogy and metallurgy under Henckel, at Freiberg.
He travelled a good deal, and in 1739 paid a visit
to the Harz, which he subsequently repeated. In
1738 he was member of the Berlin Academy, and
in 1754 head of its Chemical Laboratory, and in
1760 director of the physical class of the Academy.
He died at Berlin, 7 August, 1782. He was a
Foreign Associate of the French Academy. He
wrote numerous papers embodying important
novelties, and is specially remembered for his dis-
covery of beetroot sugar. In 1777 a medal was
struck in his honour by Jacob Abramson.
The first edition of his collected works, with a
preface by J. C. Lehmann, appeared at Berlin, in
two parts, 1761, 1767, 8°.
MARGGRAF--MARIA
77
MARGGRAF (ANDREAS SIEGMUND). Continued.
E. G. Baldinger, Biographien jetslebender Aerzte
und Naturforscher in und ausser Dentschland,
1772, i. Stuck i (1768), pp. 87-98.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 372
(paper on beetroot sugar).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 358,
780 (calls him Alexander').
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 58.
Histoire de I'Acadtmie Royale des Sciences,
Annte 1782, Paris, 1785, pp. 122-130.
Nouveaitx Mtfmoires de I'Acade'mie Royale des
Sciences et Belles-Lettres, Ann<!e 1783, Berlin, 1785,
pp. 63-72.
Crell, Chemische Annalen, 1786, St. 2, pp. 181-
192.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 612-
20, & passim.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 4, 29, 41, 51, &c.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 289, 298, 313, 322, 326, 330, 331, 334,
345-346, 354- 367. 378, 394, 477-
La Prusse Littraire, ii. p, 456.
Meusel, Lexikon der rom Jahr 1750 bis 1800
verstorbenen Tentschen Schriftsteller, 1808, viii.
pp. 487-490.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter-
mund's Fortsetzitng und Erganzungen, 1813, iv.
col. 706.
Biographic Mtdirale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 192.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 414-
428 ; 1869, ii. pp. 407-421.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843-47, i. pp.
208-211, &c., &c.
Miscellanea Berolinensia, vi. p. 54 ; vii. p. 324.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
Jena, 1855, pp. 594-602 & passim.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 48.
Aug. Wilh. Hofmann, Chemische Erinnerungen
aits der Berliner Vergangenheit, 1882, pp. 10, 60,
158.
MARHERR (PHILIPP AMBROSIUS).
Herrn Philipp Ambrosius Marherr Chemische Abhandlung von der Verwand-
schaft der Korper, aus dem Lateinischen iibersetzt von E. G. Baldinger, der
Weltweisheit und Arzneywissenschaft Doctor, Sr. Majestat des Konigs von
Preufsen zu Dero Armeen ordentlichem Arzte, der Herzoglich deutschen Gesell-
schaft der schonen Wissenschaften zu Jena Mitgliede. Leipzig, bey Christian
Gottlob Hilschern 1764.
8°. Pp. 144. Two folding affinity tables.
Marherr was born at Vienna in 1738, graduated
there as doctor of medicine in 1762, his thesis (with
Neppmuc Cranz as praeses) being entitled : Quaestio
medica : Quae sint caussae musculorum motrices,
Viennae, 1761, 4°, and in 1766 was appointed pro-
fessor of the Institutes of Medicine at Prague. He
maintained against Haller, that the course of the
blood through the lungs was quicker than through
the rest of the body. He died 28 March, 1771.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 626.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 61.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 697.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 349.
Meusel, Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800
verstorbcnen Teuischen Schriftsteller, 1808, viii.
p. 490.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-I^xicon • Roter-
The present work was first published in Latin :
Dissertatio chymica de affinitate corporum, Viennae,
1762, 4°. The preface of the translation is dated
Prague. He wrote another paper : Program ma de
electricitatis aereae in corpus humanum actione,
Viennae (Prague?), 1766, 4°, and after his death
appeared Praelectiones in Hermanni Boerhavii
institutiones medicas. Tom. I. -III., Viennae et
Lipsiae, 1772, 8° ; Editio nova, Viennae, 1785, 8°.
mund's Fortsetzung und Ergiinzungen, 1813, iv.
col. 710.
Biographie Mfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. 194.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historiqve de la Mtde-
cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 326.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 384.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte alter Zeiten ttnd Volker, 1886, iv.
P- 134.
MARIA.
Dialogue de Marie et d'Aros, sur le Magistere d'Hermes.
See RICHEBOURG (J. M. D.), Biblioth&que des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, i.
P- 77-
Excerpta ex interlocutione habita cum Philosopho Aros.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum ; Epilogus, 1624, p. 129.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 479.
Explicatio verborum Mariae Prophetissae.
See ORTHELIUS,
MARIA— MAROT
MARIA. Continued.
Practica.
See ARTIS AURlFERjE . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 205.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 269; 1750, i. p. 329.
See ARN ALDUS de Villa Nova, Chymische Schrifften, 1748, p. 263.
By some Maria, or Maria Prophetissa, is iden-
tified with Miriam, the sister of Moses, but by
others she is described as a Jewess, who was
trained in Egypt, was skilled in all its learning,
and together with Pammenes was found in the
Temple of Memphis by Democritus. Pammenes
revealed the mysteries too freely, but Democritus
and Maria concealed the processes in judiciously
chosen language and thus gained renown. There
Stephanus, ' Artis auri conficiendi actio nona ' in
Pizimenti, Democritus Abderita De Arle Magna,
Patavii, 1573, f. 59, verso.
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione metallica Sogni
tre, 1599, p. 141.
Maier, Symbola aurea Menses, 1617, pp. 56-63.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 154.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chetnicorum,
1697, p. 7, No. viii.
Lambecius, Prodromus Histories Literaria, 1710,
P- 155-
Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoirt de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 26, 460; iii. pp. u, 12,
J7. 37 • 44. 45 • addition, No. 19.
cannot be much doubt about her enigmatical
language if the above writings be genuine. She
gets the credit of having invented or introduced
the use of the water-bath which to this day is
known as Balneum Marias, or Bain Marie. Maria
is quoted as an authority by Stephanus Alex-
andrinus. Kopp considers the inclusion of Miriam
among the alchemists as by no means modern.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 112
(identifies Maria with Miriam, Moses' sister).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
48-50.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Ckimie, 1842, i. p. 27 ;
1866, i. p. 282.
Kopp, Beitrage sur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869,
St. ii. p. 402.
Ladra.gne,BiZ>ZiotAe<fue Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 648-652.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 202, 207 ; ii.
PP- 370, 395-
Berthelot, Collection des . . . Alchimistes Grecs,
1888, passim.
MAROT (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT), Comte De La Garaye.
Chymia Hydraulica oder neu-entdeckte Handgriffe, vermittelst welcher man das
wesentliche Saltz aus Vegetabilien, Animalien und Mineralien mit schlechtem
Wasser ausziehen kan. Erfunden und anfanglich in Franzosischer Sprache
bekannt gemacht von dem Herren Grafen von Garaye, nunmehro aber wegen
Vortrefflichkeit der Sache ins Teutsche iibersetzt von einem Liebhaber der
Naturlehre. zweyte verbesserte Auflage.
Johann Friedrich Fleischer, 1755.
8°.
Franckfurt und Leipzig, bey
Pp. [32] 364 [4]. 2 plates. The translator's initials are L. C. P. S. g. v. S.
The French original is as follows : Chymie hydraulique pour extraire les sels
des vegetaux, animaux et mineraux, par le moyen de 1'eau pure, par M. L. C. D. L. G.,
Paris, 1745, 12° ; and with notes by Parmentier, Paris, 1775. The German translation
first appeared at Franckfurt and Leipzig in 1749, 8°.
This author was born at Rennes in Brittany,
27 (26) Oct., 1675. He was educated in Paris, and
distinguished himself at the College d'Harcourt.
Urged by the desire to be of help to the unfor-
tunate het>ecame a physician, and in this way was
able to give them the benefit of his skill and of his
fortune. He founded schools and hospitals at
Rennes, Dinan, and other places, and even in
Paris, where he established the refuges of Saint
Saviour and Saint Bennet. His life was devoted to
charitable objects, and the number of institutions
he created was so great that it is difficult to under-
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 353.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 628.
Les Epoux Charitables, mi Vie du Comte et de la
Comtessc de Lagaraye, 1782, 8°.
De La Bastie, 6veque de Saint Malo, Memoires
ur la vie et les vertns du comte de La Garaye, 1786.
Gme\\n,GeschichtederChemie,i.j<)%, ii. pp. 359, 520.
Fuchs, Rcpertoritim der chemischtn Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 285.
Biographie Universclle, 1819, xxiii. p. 144 ; n.d,
xxii. p. 514 (calls him Lagaraye).
stand how he could afford it. He was a diligent
chemist, and devised methods for extracting a
number of principles from plants, as from Peruvian
bark, the extract from which was known as the
essential salt of Garaye. He devised a rapid
method for making black oxide of iron, and pre-
pared an ammoniacal chloride of mercury called
'Tinctura mercurialis, ' and wrote Recueil alpha-
bMque des pronostics dangereux et mortels sur les
di/erentes maladies des homines, pour servir a MM.
les cures et autres, Paris, 1736, 18° ; 1770, 18°. He
died 2 July, 1755.
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), iv. p. 333 (article by Jourdan).
QueYard, La France littirairc, 1832, iv. p. 423.
Journal des Savants, Nov. 1858, p. 706 (article
by Chevreul).
Moniteur du 16 Janvier, 1859 (article by Paul
Pougin).
Nouvelle Biographie Generate, 1861 , xxviii. col. 814.
Poggendorff1, Biographisch-Hterarisches Hand-
, 1863, i. No. 1341.
MAROT—MARSCIANO 79
MAROT (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT), Comte De La Garaye. Continued.
J. Marie Peigne\ Le Comte Marot de la Garaye, Dictionnaire Encyclopedique del Sciences Medi-
etude biographique, Paris, 1864, 8°, pp. vii. [i cales, 4eme S£rie, 1880, vi. p. 718.
blank] 60. (Chemistry, pp. 47-53.) Hirsch, Biographisc/tes Lexikon der hervorra-
"L&AraL^ittBibli(>tMqueOHvarq/,Sciences Secretes, genden Aertze, 1885, ii. p. 492.
1870, No. 1380.
MARROW of Alchymy.
See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy, 1709.
See PHILALETHA (iREN^EUS PHiLOPONUs), Kern der Alchymie, 1685.
MARS.
Die mit dem Marte genau vereinigte Venus.
See TRACT ATUS Physico-Chymicus, 1706.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothectc metallic^, 1732, p. 98 (Rostock, 1706, 8*).
MARSCHALCK QOHANN).
See GLASER (CHRISTOPHLE), Novum Laboratorium, 1677.
The translator and the translation are just men- Rotermund simply refers to Jocher and has nothing
tioned by Jiicher, but no account of him is forth- of his own to add.
coming, except that he was a physician, and
Jocher, Allgemeines Geh-hrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 206 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnsungen,
1813, iv. col. 785.
MARSCIANO (FRANCISCUS ONUPHRIUS DE).
Clavis Arcis Hermetis Epistolae Tres Responsoriae Comitis Francisci Onuphrii
de Marsciano Authoris ad Comitem Caesarem de Kulmiski a praedicto con-
scriptae, quas Responsorias Epistolas idem Comes de Kulmiski pro hujus
Sacrae Hermeticae Scientiae Inquisitorum eruditione propriis sumptibus typis
edi curavit, Anno Salutis 1743, in gratiam Filiorum Artis. Ac sub Auspiciis
Illustrissimi Domini, Domini Baronis Caroli Matthaei De Rechpach, Domini
in Mederndorf, Neuhaufs, & Drassing, & caet. Sacrae Majestatis Reginae
Ungariae, Bohemiae, & caet. Consiliarij Provincialis, nee non Inclytae Provinciae
Carinthiae Deputati Actualis, exhibitas, dicavit.
Isai. cap. 45 vers. 3. Et dabo tibi thesauros absconditos, & arcana
secretorum: Etenim Eccl. cap. 20. 32. Sapientia abscondita, & thesaurus
invisus, quae utilitas in utrisque ? Unde Job. cap. 28. Et non dabitur
aurum obrizum pro ea, nee adaequabitur ei aurum neque conferetur
Indiae Tincturis. Eccl. cap. i. & Prov. cap. 4. Viam ergo Sapientiae
monstrabo tibi, & ducam te per semitas rectas.
Cum permissu Superiorum. Coloniae.
4°. Pp. 134 [a]. Small woodcuts in the text.
The epistles are dated Casciovine, 1739, 1740, and 1741 respectively.
On the fly-leaf is the following MS. note :
Der V. hat dieses Werk 1764, in Wien dem beriichtigten Herman Fictuld eigen-
handig iibergeben ist auch bald darauf gestorben. Jm Maimonat 1773 h^06 cs vom
Fictuld (defsen eigentlicher Namen Mumen thaler ware) zu Langenthal als seinem
Geburths Ort erhandelt.
N.B. — Fictuld hat mir ein ehrlicher mafi geschienen da/umahl 74 Jahr alt, er hat
viel gereiset und viel erfahrn aber er war gewifs kein Adeptus. Er hat zuerst in <BL
seit 20 Jahren aber im B gearbeitet welchen er ftir die wahre Materia hielt. er wolte
mir 10 Louis dor abentlehnen (?) nachher ano 1775 habc vernomen dass er mit selbst
gemachter handle, und sich mit durchbrachte, Aflo 1777 im 78 jahr sein
alters starb er.
8o MARSCIANO
MARSCIANO (FRANCISCUS ONUPHRIUS DE). Continued.
Unfortunately the writer of the note does not The MSS. in question are quoted in the Cata-
add his name. As for Fictuld's true name it does logus chemico-alchemico . . . cnriosorum, 1788
not agree with Johann Heinrich Schmidt, which is (g.v.), said to have been drawn up by Graffer at
given him by Kopp (Die Alchemie, Heidelberg, Vienna, and will be found in the 'Codices
1886, ii. p. 367). Alchemic!,' p. 142, and 'Codices Cabalistici,'
The name of this person is practically unknown p. 55, respectively.
to the writers on alchemy. Kopp mentions him The author is called by Rotermund Franz
in connection with some manuscripts, but he Onofrius Marsejano, an Italian count, Patricius of
makes no reference to his printed works. And yet Orvieto and Fuligno, celebrated as a poet and
it is said of him that he attracted much attention alchemist. He quotes none of his alchemical
while he lived, and had still (in 1788) many ad- writings, but mentions a poem : L'Ebreo dis-
herents. In one of the MSS. he calls himself singannato. Poema sacro, Venice, 1743, 4°, pp.
Franciscus Comes de Mno & Mte Jove — and he 188.
wrote in Italian.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- \^fa&g$R.tBil>liothequeOuvaroff,SciencesSecrltes,
mund's Fortsetzung und Erganzungen, 1813, iii. 1870, Nos. 1389-90.
cols. 788-89. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 233.
Lux Hermetica Clarificata, seu Circulus Quadratus sapientum, Opus Her-
meticum de Vero, ac Probato Lapide Philosophico. Comite Francisco
Onuphrio de Marsciano Authore. Sub Gloriosis Auspiciis Illustrissimi, ac
Excellentissimi Domini, Domini Joannis Antonii Crotta, Patritii Veneti Meri-
tissimi exhibitum.
Paul. i. ad Cor. Oculus non vidit, nee auris audivit similia. Apocalyps.
cap. 10. 9. Accipe ergo, & comede hunc librum, & erit in ore tuo
tanquam mel dulce: scilicet lege, & pasce te hac dulcissima Doctrina
Ezech. cap. 3. Et felicissimus eris in orbe, si verb EccL documenta
cap. 2 1 . observaveris vers. 2. ubi dicit : Quasi a facie colubri fuge
peccatum, & caet. Quapropter inde quid erit? r. Reg. cap. 14. vers.
13. Gustans gustavi paululum mellis : & ecce morior. Unde fac, lit
Prov. 3. vers. 17. &•<:. si felix esse cupias.
] Typis Joan. Frid. Kleinmayr, In [ ] Typ. 1742.
4°. Pp. 284 [4]. Woodcuts in the text. Out of the title-page has been cut the
name of the place.
Der unterwiesene Anfanger in der Chymie Hermetisches Sendschreiben von
Comite Francisco Onuphrio de Marsciano an seinen auservvehlten Schtiler in
der Kunst iiberschicket. Anno 1744. zu Coin auf Kosten dieses seines Schiilers
gedrucket zum Nutzen derer Liebhaber der Chymie. Die Geheimnusse der
Kunst und von niemand bifshero erklarte wunderwiirdige Dinge. Darum
Job cap. 28. v. 17. Es wird ihm das Gold nicht gleich geachtet werden,
und goldene Geschirr werden daflir nicht vertauschet werden.
Wienn, bey Joh. Paul Kraufs, nachst der Kaiserl. Konigl. Burg. 1751.
8°. Pp. [112] 176. Title red and black ; nine woodcuts in the text. This copy
wants pp. 177-182 [2 blank], containing advertisements of chemical books.
[Another Copy, 1752.]
8°. Pp. [112] 176; 177-182 [2 blank]. Title red and black. Nine woodouts in
the text.
This is identical with the preceding except that the date is altered. This copy has the six pages of
advertisements and the two blank pages.
Auszug aus des Grafen Francisci Onuphrii de Marsciano Schriften.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C, 1779, iv. p. 202.
MARSILIUS—MARTIUS 81
MARSILIUS FICINUS.
See FICINUS (MARSILIUS).
MARTINI (GREGORIUS).
Commentatiuncula in libri qui inscribitur de Chymicorum cum Aristotelicis et
Galenicis Consensu ac Dissensu Caput XI. Quod est de principiis Chymi-
corum. Tractationem quaestionis : an sal sulphur & mercurius sint prima
perfecte mixta, & reliquorum perfect^ mixtorum principia : novam perque
utilem continens. Autore Gregorio Martini, Suibus. Sil. Doct. & Ducatus
VVolavici in ejus Mesopoli, quae est Steinovia ad Oderam, Physico.
Francofurti ad Oderam. Typis Friderici Hartmanni, M.DC.XXI. Impensis
Martini Guets Bibliopolae.
8°. Pp. [12] 243 [i blank].
This is a commentary on the work of Sennertus, The book is mentioned by Mercklin, Manget,
published in 1619. The author calls himself and Gnielin, but nothing is said about the author.
Martinius, and apparently also Martini, and by
others is styled Martinus, and Martini.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, Hi.
1637, p. 183. col. 228 (merely quotes the book).
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 363. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 595.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 270.
MARTINIERE ( DE LA).
Tombeau de la Folie. Dans lequel se void les plus fortes raisons que 1'on
puisse apporter pour fair connoitre la realitd & la possibilite de la Pierre
Philosophale, & d'autres raisons & experiences qui en font voir Tabus &
rimpossibilite. Par le S De La Martiniere, Medecin & Operateur ordin. du
Roy. A Paris, Chez 1'Auteur rue de la Coutellerie au grand Dauphin Royal.
Avec Privilege Du Roy.
12°. Pp. [12] 128. Portrait on the verso of the title.
Haller quotes two books by a De la Martiniere : Jacob quotes it under a different title : Le
L Empirique charitable, Rouen, 1664, 1667, 12° ; Chymique inconnu, ou I Imposture de la Pierre
and Traite de la maladie venerienne, Paris, 1664, philosophale, Paris, about 1660, 12°.
1684, 16°. He calls the author : Chemista, chir- According to his portrait he was born at Paris,
urgus, peregrinator. It is possible that he was the 24 Feb., 1634, and at the age of twenty-eight began
author also of the present work. Haller, however, to write his books on medicine,
does not mention it.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie P. L. Jacob, Curiosith des Sciences Occultes,
HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 231. 1862, p. 84.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1779, iii.
P- IS*-
MARTINUS DE DELLE.
See ALIPULI.
See DELLE (MARTINUS DE).
In addition to the passages quoted in the Peg- In the list of manuscripts proposed in 1735 by
fever horn De Belle's poem, reference may be made Augustinus Crusius of Erfurt to be printed, there
to a few lines repeated by Petraeus with which De is one: ' Rarissimum Particulare,' by Martinus de
Delle concludes his review of the questionable Belle. This may possibly be a misprint for de
practices of the would-be adepts. Petraeus styles Delle. The list is contained in Abraham Eleazar"s
him ' pious,' and Kammer-Diener of the Emperor 'Werck,1 1735, 2nd edition.
Rudolph.
Fr. Basilii Valentini , . . Chymische ScAri/fen. ed. Petraeus. 1769, Neue Vorrede, sig. cs recto.
MARTIUS (JOHANN NlKOLAUS).
Unterricht in der Natiirlichen Magie.
See WIEGLEB (JOHANN CHRISTIAN), Die Natiirliche Magie, 1782.
II. F
82
MA R Tl US— MA UGIN
MARTIUS (JOHANN NIKOLAUS). Continued.
Rotermund tells us that Martius was a celebrated
medical practitioner at Brunswick who wrote the
above book in Latin : De magia naturali ejusque
usu medico ad magice et magica curandum, Lips.,
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv.
pp. 298, 421.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 713.
1715,4°; 3rd ed., Ibid. 1717,8°. The above was
a thoroughly revised edition. Haller quotes edi-
tions : Erford., 1700; 1705, 4°; Lips., 1715, 4°.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter-
mund's Fortsetzung und F.rganzungen, 1813, iv.
col. 884.
MATHEW (RICHARD).
The Unlearned Alchymist His Antidote : Or, A more full and ample Explana-
tion of the Use, Virtue and Benefit of my Pill, Entituled, An effectual
whereunto is added' Sund^ Cures
and Experiences, with particular direction unto particular Diseases and
Distempers. Also, Sundry plain and easie Receits, which the Ingenuous may
prepare for their own health. By Richard Mathew, and are to be had at
his house by the Lyons Den at the Tower, next Gate to the By Ward.
London, Printed for Joseph Leigh, at the upper end of Bazing-hall-street,
near the Naggs-head Tavern, 1662.
8°. Pp. [16] 192.
This book has two title-pages, which coincide
exactly except that the second has after "Tavern "
the additional words : ' ' and are there to be sold
together with this Pill, 1662."
There was a previous edition of 1660.
The virtues of the pill are set forth in the narra-
tives of the cures which it effected. The narratives
are very much in the style of his contemporaries,
Christopher Packe's, Dickinson's, Winter's, and of
other vendors of secret specifics, both then and now.
The accounts given are curious, and historically
interesting, from the side lights thrown on the
manners and customs of the times.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii.
p. 140.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 267.
It is not said, however, that it was possibly this
pill which was the cause of the death of Dr. Isaac
Barrow.
But Mathew had also to pay the penalty of
every inventor ; his claim to the discovery was
contested by Starkey, who wrote a tract upon it,
and referred also to the subject in his chapter on
' Oil of Sulphur,' in the COLLECTANEA CHYMICA,
1684, p. 149 (q.v. ).
The edition cited by Haller has the date 1663,
and another tract by Mathew mentioned by Haller
is : A pretious pearl in the midst of a dunghill,
London, 1663, 8°.
John Aubrey, Brief Lives, chiefly of Contempor-
aries, edited by Andrew Clark, 1898, i. p. 91.
MATTH^US (JOANNES).
Enodatio qusestionis : an armor um unguentum, ad curanda vulnera, nee visa nee
tractata aliquid conferat ?
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 573.
Though the above is not included in the list of
his works which I have seen, the author is the
person distinguished as Johann Matthaus, or
Matthai Hessus.
He was the eighth son of Conrad Matthaus,
professor of history and rhetoric at Marburg. He
was born there 15 March, 1563, he was doctor and
professor of medicine at Herborn from 1607,
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 519.
Caspar Burman, Traiectum eruditum, 1750,
p. 214.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
private physician 01 the Count of Nassau, and
wrote some books on medical topics. Among
these was a treatise on the hot springs at Baden,
Hanau, 1608, 8°; 'Speculum sanitatis," ' Hortulus
medicus'; ' Tractatus de febre pestilentiali' ;
' Centuria difficultatum medicarum, practice im-
primis necessariarum,1 1616.
He died at Marburg in 1621.
col. 287 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz-
ungen, 1813, iv. col. 974.
Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessisclien Gelehrten
und Schriftsteller Geschichte, 1788, viii. p. 253.
MAUGIN DE RICHEBOURG QEAN).
See RICHEBOURG (JEAN MAUGIN DE).
MAULIUS—MAURER 83
MAULIUS (JOHANNES PHILIPPUS).
Griindliche Beschreibung des hochsten Kleinods der Welt -in Geistlichen und
Leiblichen, vorgestellet in vier erbaulichen und Christlichen Gesprachen vom
Gold von Mitternacht, darinnen von der hochsten Medicin und Stein der
Weisen, und also den allerniitzlichsten Materien in der Gottlichen und Natiir-
lichen Weifsheit, nach der heil. Schrifft, Natur, und Erfahrung nachdriicklich
gehandelt wird. Gott zu Ehren und dem Nechsten zum besten heraus gegeben
von loh. Phil. Maulio, M.D. Konigl. Preufs. Brunnen-Medico, Consule
Lunensi &c. Gotha, Bey Jacob Mevio, An. 1714.
8°. Pp. [68] 1264 [2]. Title red and black, printed across two pages. Engraved
frontispiece on two pages included in the pagination. P. 1155: Prodromus Jobi
Chymici, Authore Job. Philippo Maullio, . . . Anno MDCCVIII.
This book seems to have been originally issued with another title-page, which is added on at the very
end of the present volume :
"pBSMfl 2!"5T sive Medicina Theologica, Chymico-Irenica, & Christiano-Cabba-
listica, Vorgestellt in der Ersten Continuation Curioser und Erbaulicher Gesprache
Vom Gold von Mitternacht oder von der Hochsten Medicin, Darinnen gezeiget wird,
wie diselbe in der Heiligen Schrifft, nach dem Grundtext, zu finden ; Und dafs die
Vergleichung der Geistlichen, und Leiblichen Hochsten Medicin, die rechte Cabbala
der Alien, oder ware Chimie seye ; Auch dafs nach diser erkanten Einhelligkeit, die
Entscheidung der Theologischen Controversien, insonderheit die wiirckliche Einigkeit
der beyden Evangelischen Religionen, unpartheyisch zu ersehen seye, von Joh. Philippo
Maullio, St. Goarino, Med. Doctore, und Practico zu Liinen in Westphalen, auch
Ihrer Konigl. May. in Preussen Medico, bey denen Neuen Mineralischen Wassern,
und Gesundsheits-Brunnen, zu Schwelm in der Grafschafft Marck. Anno MDCCIX.
Wesel zu finden Bey Jacobus von Wesel, Buchhandler daselbst.
The book with this title and date 1709 is referred because he appears as the author of a dissertation :
to by Kopp. In the Ouvaroff Catalogue the title- De abortu, Leyden, 1686, 4°, quoted by Haller,
page is given, but the date is 1713, and only 56 practised at Liinen in Westphalia, was physician
preliminary pages are quoted. The present title- of the king of Prussia, at the then newly-discovered
page of 1714 is not referred to. mineral springs at Schwelm in the Marck. Upon
There is no information about the author's these he wrote a treatise : Von Schwelmer Sauer
biography except what he himself says. He be- brunnen, 1706, referred to by Gmelin.
longed to St. Goar, was M. D. possibly of Leyden,
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca: metallica:, Kortum verteidiget die Alchimit, 1789, p. 46.
1732, p. 99. Gmelin, Gcschichte der CAcmie, 1798, ii. p. 781.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i., p. no (gives Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
the date as 1713). Secretes, 1870, No. 1639 (gives the 1709 title, but
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1788, iv. the date 1713).
p. 8. Kopp, Die Akhemie, 1886, ii. p. 391.
MAURER.
See WARUM gelangen nur wenige Menschen zum Meisterstiik der koniglichen
Kunst ?
MAURER (FELIX).
Observationes Curioso-Physicse, oder besondere Remarques und Anmerckungen
der geheimen und grossen Wunder der Welt in natiirlichen Sachen, welche
sowol, am Himmel, in der Lufft, Feuer, Wasser, auf und in der Erde, an
Menschen, Thieren, Gewachsen u.d.g. sich erzeiget, aus der erfahrensten
Physicorum und Natur- Verstandigen Schrifften herausgezogen, und iiber die
curieusesten Materien der natiirlichen Wissenschafften gestellet von Felix
Maurer Physico & Medico. Franckfurth und Leipzig, Bey Johann Leon-
hard Buggeln, Buchhandlern in Niirnberg. 1713.
8°. Pp. [32] 1039. Index [17]. Title printed across two pages. Folding plate of
natural wonders.
All that Rotermund can tell us is that the AllgemeinesGelehrten-Lexicon; Rotermund's Fort-
present author was a doctor of medicine and a setzung und Erkl&rungen, 1813, iv. col. 1030.
'physikus,' and wrote the above book. Jocher, -
84 MA YER—MEDICINISCH
MAYER (JOHANN FRIEDRICH).
See MEYER (JOHANN FRIEDRICH).
MAYER (LUDWIG CASPAR).
See KIRCHMAIER (GEORG CASPAR), Metallo-Metamorphosis, 1693.
MAYER (MICHAEL).
See MAIER (MICHAEL).
MEDIC AMENTIS (De) Universalibus Dissertatio.
Without place, date, and printer's name.
See PANTALEON, Disceptatio de lapide Physico, 1678.
MEDICAMENTORUM (De) Dosibus Index omnium, qui hactenus prodierint
longe locupletissimus. Bononise, M DCC XLV. Ex Typographia
Dominici Guidotti, & Jacob! Mellini. Superiorum Permissu.
4°. Pp. 244 [2] 2 blank.
MEDICES (CHRISTIAN DE).
Concursus Philosophorum, das ist griindlich-wahrhafftig- und einfaltige Beschrei-
bung und Philosophische Zusammenstimmung, welcher gestalt die lieben
Alten das grofse Geheimniifs vom Stein der Weisen zu wercke gerichtet und
hinterlassen, auch wie noch heutiges Tages, auch andachtiges Beten, fleifsiges
Lesen, und wohlgefafsten Grund, solch hohes Mysterium zu erlangen und
zu bekommen seye. Aus treuhertzigem Wohlmeynen den Meinigen, und alien
Gottliebenden Nachforschern, zu einer unfehlbaren Richtschnur und Unterricht
auffgesetzet durch den Wohlgebohrnen Herrn, Hn. Christian de Medices,
Freyherrn von Scharfenstein, Herrn zum Rosenthal und Silbersdorff &c. Und
zum offentlichen Druck befordert durch Lt. Johanne Friederico Brebifs, der
Zeit Hoch-Furstl. Brandenburg. Culmbach. Physicato Adjuncto der Stadt und
sechs Aemter Wohnsiedel. Jena, In Verlegung Johann Bielckens, 1706.
8°. Pp. [16, frontispiece included] 768. Title red and black.
This is a collection of passages from various authorities systematically arranged so as to elucidate
different questions connected with transmutation.
Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic L.a.&ra.g\\e,Bibliothtque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secrltes,
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 232. 1870, No. 1332.
MEDICINISCHE Betrachtung iiber Alchymistische Medicinen, worinnen durch
Analysirung vieler Arbeiten der angeriihmtesten alchymistischen Authoren
erwiesen wird, dafs alle Partikular- sowohl als Universal-medicin der Philo-
sophen nichts sey, als Sal Metallorum est Lapis Phylosophorum. Wien
1792 in der Zierchischen Buchhandlung im deutschen Hause.
8°. Pp. [18] 53 [i blank].
MEDICINISCH- Chymisch- und Alchemistisches Oraculum darinnen man nicht
nur alle Zeichen und Abkiirzungen welche so wohl in den Recepten und
Biichern der Aerzte und Apothecker als auch in den Schrifften der Chemisten
und Alchemisten vorkommen findet sondern deme auch ein sehr rares
MEDICINISCH—MEERHEIM 85
MEDICINISCHE- Chymisch- und Alchemistisches Oraculum. Continued.
Chymisches Manuscript eines gewissen Reichs * * * beygefuget Ulm un
Memmingen 1755 in der Gaumischen Handlung
8°. Pp. [6] 72 [2 blank]. Symbols. 2 woodcuts.
P. 41:
Geheimnifs aller Geheimnisse oder Clavis Sapientiae omnium Philosophorum et
Adeptorum in einem guldenen Kleinod und Compendio Veritatis Philosophico aus
einem uralten Manuscript von Anno 1300. mitgetheilet und ans Licht gestellet.
M DCC LV.
MEDIOLANUM.
Antidotarium Mediolanense.
See PROSPECTUS PHARMACEUTICUS Galenico-Chymicus, 1698.
MEDULLA Alchymiae Veteris.
See HORN (GEORG).
For alchemical books called Medulla, see Kopp, Die Alchetnie, 1886, ii. p. 347.
MEDULLA Destillatoria et Medica.
See KHUNRATH (CONRAD), Lipsiensis.
MEERHEIM (JOHANN GOTTFRIED).
Discurs Curioser Sachen, insonderheit Hermetisch-Philosophischer Physicalisch-
Medicinischer und anderer Wissenschafften, im Monath Januario 1708.
Heraufsgegeben von Johann Gottfried Meerheim, Eq. Arc. Cr. Leipzig,
Verlegts Johann Heinichens Wittwe.
8°. Pp. 79 [i].
Discurs . . . im Monath Februario 1708. Herausgegeben von J. G. M.
E. A. C. Leipzig . . .
8°. Pp. 72 (misprinted 27).
Theosophischer Discurs von denen tribus Partibus Essentialibus zu Ergantzung
des Discurses Im Monath Februario 1708. Versprochener massen heraus-
gegeben von J. G. M. E. A. C. Leipzig . . .
8°. Pp. 47 [i blank].
[Another Copy of the January number.]
There were also numbers in March and April, after which apparently it ceased.
Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichte der Ckemie, 1798, ii. p. 325.
ffermdlique, 1742, iii. p. 233.
MEERHEIM (PAUL WILHEM VON).
Paul Wilhem von Meerheim eines Obersachsischen Chymici glucklich vollfuhrte
Reise-Beschreibung nach denen unbekannten Ost- und Siidwerts gelegenen
Indianischen Insuln, von wannen derselbe nebst seinen Cameraden glucklich
und zur grosten Freude seiner Freunde retourniret ist, vielen zum Vernugen
begannt gemachet. Erlangen und Leipzig, 1753. Zu finden in dem
Miillerischen Buchladen.
8°. Pp. 56.
This journey is an allegory of the search for the stone.
86
MEGISERUS—MEISNER
MEGISERUS (HiERONYMUs).
See ARNALDUS de Villanova, Opera, 1603.
Saxony called him to Leipzig to be extraordinary
professor of history. In 1605 he undertook the
establishment of a school at Gera, on a new plan.
In 1609 he was recalled to Leipzig, and three years
later settled at Linz in Upper Austria, where he
died in 1616 or 1618.
Megiserus was a man of immense acquirements,
especially in history, geography, and languages.
His numerous and laborious books are entirely
connected with these subjects, and lists are given
by Rotermund and Elze.
The only contribution to Alchemy which he made,
so far as I know, is the present collection of tracts
by Arnaldus.
Nouvelle Biographic Gdndrale, 1865, xxxiv. col.
722.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1885, xxi. p.
183 (article by Th. Elze).
Kopp, Die Alckemie, 1886, ii. p. 335.
Megiserus was born at Stuttgart in 1553, where
his father was conrector of the gymnasium, studied
at Tubingen under Frischlin, and took his master's
degree in 1577. In 1582 he went to Padua to study
jurisprudence, and in 1584-88 he returned as tutor
with some young noblemen. In 1588-89 he travelled
in Italy and visited Malta, and in subsequent years
he travelled in Germany, Holland, and England.
In 1590-91 he was living at Graz in Styria and was
nominated Historiographer by Archduke Charles.
From 1592 to 1598 he was rector of the gymnasium
at Klagenfurth, but at the end of that time he had
to retire on account of the Jesuits, and went to
Frankfurt on the Main. In 1603 the Elector of
Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Ann. 1616 ;
Sig. N4, recto. (Witte calls him Megisterus. )
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 356 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz-
tingen, 1813, iv. col. 1188.
Biographie Universelle, 1821, xxviii. p. 115 ;
n.d. xxvii. p. 503 (article by Weiss).
MEHUN.
See JEAN DE MEHUN.
MEINSTOOF.
See FURSTLICHE ROSE (Die) von Jericho.
MEISNER (LORENTZ).
Gemma Gemmarum Alchimistarum. Oder Erleuterung der Parabolischen und
Philosophischen Schrifften Fratris Basilij, der zwolff Schlussel, von dem Stein
der vhralten Weisen, vnd desselben aufsdrucklichen vnnd warhafften prepara-
tion. Sampt etlichen feinen Particularen. Durch, Laurentium Meisnerum
Chirurgum, Eschvvegiensem Hassum. Item, Aufslegung Rythmorum Basilij,
von der Materia des Steins der Philosophen, Gefertiget durch Conrad Schulern.
Eifsleben. Mit Rom. Keys. May. Freyheit. Anno M.DC.VIII.
8°. No pp. Sigs. A-G in eights ( = 111, i blank), a-e in eights (=77, 3 blank).
Title red and black. 5 woodcuts.
e-j recto, Colophon: Gedruckt zu Eifsleben, Durch Jacobum Gaubisch. In
vorlegung Jacob Apels, Buchhandl. in Leipzig, Anno M.DC.VIII.
Schiller's tract has a separate title included in the foliation (aj), as follows :
Griindliche Aufslegung vnd warhafftige Erklerung der Rythmorum Fratris Basilii
Valentini Monachi. Vonn der Materia, jhrer Geburt, Alter, Farb, Qualitet vfl Namen,
des grossen Steins der Vhralten Philosophen. Gefertiget durch, Conrad Schulern,
Furstlichen Wurtembergischen Obern Rath zu Stuttgart.
Ad Momum ha ha he.
Rides me ? Magis rideo te.
Spernis me ? Magis sperno te.
Lachestu mein ? Viel mehr ich dein.
Haltestu dann auch nichts von mir,
Viel weniger halt ich von dir.
Anno M.DC.VIII.
Gmelin states that Schiller was author also of
'Artis tractatus,' Cassel, 1612, 8°; ' Collatio plus-
quam Aurea Comitis Bernard! Trevisani, de
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 518.
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen &u
. . . Jdcher's Allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1813,
iv. col. 1279.
miraculo Chimico sive de Lapide Philosophico, '
1616. See SCHULER (CONRAD).
Meisner and this book are just mentioned by
Rotermund.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 208.
\jsAr3.gu&,Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 990-991.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 373.
MEISTERSTUK—MENNENS 87
MEISTERSTUK der koniglichen Kunst.
See WARUM gelangen nur wenige Menschen zum Meisterstiik der koniglichen
Kunst ?
MELCHIOR, Episcopus Brixiensis.
Ein Philosophisches Werck und Gesprach von dem Gelben und Rotten Man.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. 1598, p. 177.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi,
p. 299.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 296.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 299.
MELVOLODEMET (FRANCISCUS SEBASTIANUS FULVUS), Pisanus.
Non plus ultra Veritatis, Untersuchung der hermetischen Wissenschaft.
See WELLING (GEORG VON), Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum, 1735,
p. 556.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 269.
MEMORIA che serve d' Introduzione alia Riforma del Catalogo de' Medicamenti
della Spezieria dello Spedal Maggiore di Brescia scritta dalla Medica Deputa-
zione per ordine dell' Illustriss. Presidenza di detto pio luogo. In Brescia
M DCC XCIV. Dalla Stamperia Locatelli con permissione.
8°. Pp. 47 [i blank].
MENAPIUS (F G ).
See 'AvTiK/Dwris ad Responsum Florentini de Valentia, 1618.
Copia Literarum.
See FORTALITIUM scrENTi^;, 1617, 1618.
Murr, Uber den waAtcn Ursprung der Rosenkreuzer und des Freymaurerordens,
1803, pp. 36, 46.
MENNENS (GUILIELMUS).
Aurei velleris libri tres.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 240.
Munnens, son of Willem Mennens and Mechteld Bellerum, 1604, 4°. He died at Antwerp, 28 Dec.,
van Doorne, was born at Antwerp in 1525. He 1608, and was buried in the church of St. James,
pursued poetry, natural history, theology, medi- and left a son, Franciscus.
cine, and chemistry, and was a 'searcher for the Of his book Paquot says 'it is an allegorical,
blessed stone.' He edited the poems of Adrianus symbolical, physical, chemical and alchemical
Scorelius, and wrote the above work : De Aureo history of Gideon and Jason, or, if you will, a heap
Vellere, sive Sacrae Philosophiae, Naturae & Artis of visions.'
admirabilium libri iii. Antverpiae apud Gasp.
Franciscus Sweertius, Athena Belgica, 1628, p. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
315. Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 56, 233.
Paquot, Mtmoires, ii. pp. 671, 672. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, col. 437.
1637, p. 189. Kloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mfdecine,
Valerius Andreas, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1643, p. 1778, iii. p. 266.
329. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 157. der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. p. 69.
Kbnig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, pp. 531, Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie, 1789, p. 50.
532. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatits, 1686, p. 381. 1806-08, p. ico (misnames him Meneus).
Wittc, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Ann. 28 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p.
Dec. 1608 ; sig. F 4 verso. 360.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der
1697, p. 33, No. 1. Nederlanden, 1869, xii. p. 593.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Ladrague.lj Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences
1731, II. i. p. 299. Secretes, 1870, No. 986.
Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, i. p. 415. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 244.
MENNI—MENTZEL
MENNI QOHANN HEINRICH).
See TILEMANN ( ), Lapis Ignis Basilij, das ist : Guldiner Apffel . . ., 1666.
Lenglet Dufresnoy (Histoire de la Philosophic redivivum, quo Franciscus Antonius mira morbos
Hermttique, 1742, p. 233) does not quote this, curando praestabat, Francof., no date, 8°.
but another tract by Menni : Aurum potabile, Menni seems to have been the editor of Tile-
mann's tract.
MENSENRIET.
D. Mensenriet. Vrim & Thumim Moysis welches Aaron im Amts-Schildlein
getragen Feuer-bleibendes Wasser der Maccabaeorum aus dem allgewaltigen
grossen Buch der Natur hervor gebracht, und Sonnen-klar an das Tage-
Liecht gegeben, durch die ohnbekandten Ritter der streitbahren Insul
Colchon. Philosophisches Hermetisches Kleinod, d. i. Ein hellbrennendes
Feuer und Mercurialisches-Licht der Weisen, das in der Finstere leuchtet,
die rechte Anima der Metallen, das Principium movens, die rechte Forma
der Metallen, der rechte Sulphur &c. wodurch alles gezeiget wird. Virtutes
Alchimize Artificialis, d. i. Anima Animae maximae, vel Forma Metallorum &
Mineralium & essentialis ignis generativis (sic), ein Funcklein Dei, Salomon
nennet es, eine Flamme des Herrn, so nimmer verloschet. Niirnberg, bey
Joh. Friedrich Riidiger, 1737.
8°. Pp. 96.
Fictuld calls the author Doctor Mensenried, and Ladrague puts Mensenriet as the author,
quotes this book, which he condemns, while he In the British Museum Catalogue there is no
admits that he knows nothing of the author. reference to Mensenriet, and I have not discovered
The author of the Beytrag includes the book in any other heading under which the book might
his catalogue, but takes no notice of Mensenriet have been entered,
and does not speak of the author. Nor is it included by Graesse in the Trdsor.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 94. Ladrague, BibliothtqueOuvaroff Sciences Secretes,
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 1870, No. 1371.
p. 665.
MENTZEL (CHRISTIAN).
Lapis Bononiensis in obscuro lucens, collatus cum Phosphoro Hermetico clariss.
Christiani Adolphi Balduini, cognomine Hermetis, &c. nuper edito, et cunctis
naturae indagatoribus ulterioris scrutinii ergo exhibitus a Christiano Mentzelio,
D. Sereniss. Elect. Brandenb. Consil. & Archiatro S. R. Imp. Acad. Naturae
Curiosor. Collega. Bilefeldiae, Sumtibus Auctoris. Typis lusti Trenckeneri.
M.DC.LXXV.
12°. Pp. [42] 77 [ij. 2 plates.
Christian Mentzel was born at Fiirstenwald in the to retire into private life. He carried on a
' Mittelmarck,' where his father was burgomaster, voluminous correspondence, even with friends in
15 (22) June, 1622. He studied at Frankfurt on India, and he was considered the best Chinese
the Oder, and at Konigsberg, accompanied the scholar in Europe of his time. He died at Berlin,
Brandenburg ambassador to Warsaw in 1647, and 17 Jan., 1701, in his 79th year. He was a member
afterwards spent a year at Danzig. In 1650 he of the Leopoldine Academy, admitted 18 Feb.,
started to travel, and by Hamburg went to Holland, 1675, with the name ' Apollo.'
Italy, the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, His writings refer principally to botany, and
and Candia, and in 1654 was at length at Padua, include a polyglot dictionary of botanical terms,
where he took the degree of doctor. When he and he compiled also a chronology of all the
returned home he accompanied the Churftirst, Chinese kings.
Frederick William, as travelling physician to the Besides the above he communicated to the
Rhine, and was created councillor and private Leopoldine Academy papers on mineralogical
physician. He accompanied him during subse- topics : on toad-stones, on aetites, belemnites,
quent years in all his campaigns and journeys, and chelonites, &c.
on his death in 1688 Mentzel requested permission
MENTZEL—MERCURIJ. 89
MENTZEL (CHRISTIAN). Continued.
Miscellanea Academics Naturce Cnriosoru w, Ann. col. 441; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnx-
1676, Appendix ad Annum Quartum.et Quintum, ungen, 1813, iv. col. 144^.
pp. 180-214 (or in the other issue, pp. 158-189); Biichner, Academies . . . Leopoldino-Carolince
Ann. 1699, Appendix, p. 191. Natures Curiosorum Historia, 1755, p. 467, No. 57.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 532. Matthia:, Conspec tus Histories Medicorum chrono-
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 170. logicus, 1761, p. 598.
Decad. II. Actorum Medicorum Berolinensium Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 622.
. . . volumen IV., 1724, pp. 3-5, with a portrait. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Me"decint,
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorutn Medicorum, 1778, iii. p. 268.
1730, II. i. p. 300. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinte practice, 1779, "'•
Stolle, Anhitung zur Historic der Medicinischen p. 383 ('archiater Brandenburgicus, vir poly-
Gelahrheil, 1731, pp. 679, 680, 681. mathos ').
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicte, Biographic Universelle, 1821, xxviii. p. 327; n.d.
1732, p. zoo. xxvii. p. 663.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Nouvelle Biographic Generate, 1865, xxxiv. col.
P- 537- 1012.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelekrien-Lexicon, 1751, iii. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 279.
MENUDIER (JEAN).
See GLASER (CHRISTOPHLE), Chymischer Wegweiser, 1710.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 384.
MERCKWURDIGE Nachricht, wie es einem Schuler der Hermetischen
Philosophic in dem Gesuch des Steins der Weisen ergangen.
See v. (j. R.), M.D., Giildene Rose, No. ii.
MERCURE (Le) Indien.
See ROSNEL (P DE).
MERCURII Zweyfacher Schlangen-stab, das ist :
I. Gliicks-Ruthe zu Paracelsi Chymischem Schatz.
II. Menstruum seu Solvens Universale Philosophicum,
darinnen das Gold sine strepitu, wie Eyfs in warmen Wasser zerschmiltzt :
Samt dem gantzen Philosophischen Procefs. Ulm, In Verlegung Balthasar
Kiihnen Seel. Wittib. 1679.
12°. Pp. [4] 112 [4 blank].
Each tract has a separate title-page as follows, included in the pagination.
I. Gliicks-Ruthe, zu Erhebung defs von Paracelsoangezeigten KoniglichenSchatzes,
zwischen Beyern und Schwaben. Beschrieben, durch A. A. Naturalium Cultorem, also
benahmt.
Kont ich rheinem Namen geben
Einen Athem oder Leben :
Wer' er gleich dem Stein Saphir,
Dieses woll man glauben mir.
Meine Wohnstatt wol bekannt
Wird vom Hbchsten Haubt genafit,
Thet' ich ihren Durch-Flufs nennen
Wurde sie ein jeder kennen.
Anno Salutis. HeVs !
DesVper & eX CoeLIs Gaza roratVr In terraM. [=1672, or 1677?].
II. Menstruum seu Solvens Vniversale Philosophorum. Das ist: Klarliche Beschrei-
bung defs Universal-Subjecti, darinnen solch Menstruum begriffen : Und wie dessen 3.
Principia zu extrahiren ; mil seinem Mare Hermetice zu componiren ; Auch zur Universal
Tinctur zu perficiren ; zu Fermentiren und zu Augmentiren. Durch G. C. Saphir.
Anno Salutis. OranDo & LaboranDo aCqVIrltVr (iaza eX FVnDo. [=1677.]
Can there be any allusion in the verses in the preceding title-page to the author of this second tract ?
MERCURIJ-ARBEIT (Ein), vnd Augment mit dem Mercuric Lunse.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, Part ii
p. 245.
See EROFFNETE GEHE1MNISSE des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 545.
MERCURIO— MERLIN
MERCURIO (De) Alchymistarum.
See ZWEY schone Chymische TraCtetlein.
MERCURIO (De) Philosophico parvus tractatus.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 697.
MERCURIUS TRISMEGISTUS.
See HERMES TRISMEGISTUS.
MERLIN.
Allegoria de arcano lapidis.
See ARTIS AURIFER^ .
volumina, 1610, i. p. 252.
Allegoria . . . lapidis arcanum perfecte continens.
See GINJECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 569.
See GEBER, Summa Perfectionis, 1682, p. 265.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 191.
Allegoria vom Geheimnuss des Steins.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 340; 1750, i. p. 413.
Allegoric vom Stein der Weisen.
See GEBER, Chymische Schriften, 1751, p. 271.
See GEBER, Commentaria iiber Gebers Werke, 1792, p. 306.
The 'Allegory' of Merlin, which was printed
along with Geber from the Vatican manuscript
by Marcellus Silber before 1520, probably for the
first time, seems to be a fairly ancient document.
It describes in a symbolical way certain operations
with gold and mercury, and curiously enough it
quotes no authority, but refers to Egyptian and
Alexandrian physicians, and it might have eman-
ated from that source. It does not appear, how-
ever, among the Greek writings which have re-
mained to us.
How it came to be attributed to Merlin is a
question %vhich, so far as I am aware, has received
no answer, nor is it at all certain whether it is to be
ascribed to Ambrosius Merlin, or Merlin Caledonius,
or to some one who has simply assumed the name.
To suppose it the work of either of the two semi-
historical personages who lived in the fifth and sixth
centuries respectively, involves assumptions which
La Vita di Merlino, Venetia, 1480, 4°; Florentia,
1495.4°; Venez., 1539, 1554.
El baladro del sabio Merlin con sus profecias,
Burgos, 1498, fol.
Histoire de la vie, miracles, enchentemens et pro-
pheties de Merlin, Paris, Verard, 1498, fol.
Bale, Illustrium Maioris Britannia Serif torum
. . . Summarium, Gippeswici, 1548, f. 27
(Ambrosius Merlinus); f. 32 (Merlinus Caledonius).
(Both were prophets, both were skilful about
nature, but there is no allusion to chemistry.)
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre,
1599, p. 141.
Maier, Symbola aurete menses, 1617, p. 559.
Pits, Relation-urn Historicarum de rebus Anglicis
Tomus Primus, 1619, p. 101 (Merlinus Caledonius,
Ann. 570) ; p. 89 (Ambrosius Merlinus, Ann. 480).
Thomas Heywood, The life of Merlin, sirnamed
Ambrosius. His Prophesies, and Predictions
interpreted, London, 1641, 4°. (This is in fact a
history of England.)
it would be difficult to substantiate. That they
were said to be of supernatural origin, that they
were reckoned prophets and magicians, and that
they took part in the now dimly seen events of
their times, is a matter for historical investigation ;
but how they acquired a knowledge of alchemical
operations long before such were known in this
country at all, or, for that matter, in Western
Europe, makes one doubt the authorship of the
present writing. The problem, therefore, at pre-
sent remains without a satisfactory solution. The
plausible explanation of Schmieder that the writer
learned his alchemy at Alexandria is destitute of
proof, and the events of the lives of the two Merlins
show that they had something else to do than
engage in alchemical experiments.
The references which follow are chiefly to the
historical persons of the name, not to the legendary
Merlin, or to the present writer.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 158.
Morhof, De Metallorum Transim/tatione ad
. . . Joelem Langellotum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 132.
Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 55.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina medics et infinite
Aetatis, 1736, v. p. 209 (Ambrosius Merlinus) ;
p. 210 (Merlinus Caledonius).
Fr. Gotthilff Freytag, Programma de Merlino
Britannico, Naumburg, 1737, fol.
E. D. Hauber, Bibliotheca magica, 1741, iii. pp.
480-486 (reprint of the article by Friedr. Gotthilff
Freytag).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 37, 42, 70, 170.
Freytag, Analecta litleraria, 1750, p. 592 (about
the above life in French printed by Verard).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 465 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1513.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. in.
MERLIN— METALLISCHER
MERLIN. Continued.
Jeremias Nicolaus Eyring, Synopsis historic
literaries, 1783, i. p. 140.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
P- 483-
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 125.
Biographic Universelle, 1821, xxviii. p. 379
(article by Weiss) ; n.d. xxviii. p. 46 (article by
Weiss and Alf. Maury).
MERRETT (CHRISTOPHER).
See NERI (ANTONIO), De Arte Vitraria.
Merrett was born 16 Feb., 1614, at Winchcombe,
iu Gloucestershire, and was named Christopher,
like his father. He entered Gloucester-Hall at
Oxford in 1631, after two years removed to Oriel
College, and took the degree of B.A. in 1634. Re-
turning to Gloucester-Hall he studied medicine,
graduated M.B. in two years, and in 1642 M.D.
(Eloy says: 31 Jany., 1643.) He removed to
London, acquired a considerable practice, was
elected a fellow of the College of Physicians and
keeper of Harvey's Museum and Library, and was
an original fellow of the Royal Society. He wrote
some papers on natural history and on tin mining,
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 113.
Hoefer, Histoire de -la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 335 ;
1866, i. p. 354 (thinks the Allegory may be by
Rachaidib).
1jzAT&g\Mz,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff,Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 663.
Veitch, The History and Poetry of the Scottish
Border, 1878, p. 129.
and got into a controversy with Stubbe about the
practice of Apothecaries. He wrote also a small
tract entitled ' Observations on the Ordering of
Wines,' which accompanies Dr. Charleton's: 'Two
Discourses. The first concerning the different wits
of men. The second, A brief discourse concerning
the various sicknesses of Wines.' London, 1692,
pp. 113-126.
' He died,' says Wood, ' in his house near to the
chappel in Hatton Garden in Holbourne, near
London, on the igth of Aug., in sixteen hundred
ninety and five, and was buried 12 foot deep in the
church of S. Andrew in Holbourne.'
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, pp. 534,
571-
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 178.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 317.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecee metallicce,
1732, p. 101.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. pp. 415, 425.
Theophilus Sincerus(?>. Georg Jacob Schwindel),
Thesaurus Bibliothecalis, 1739, iii. p. 246, No.
clvii.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1739, xx. col. 1032.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Ltxicon, 1740,
P- 542.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 468 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergans-
itngen, 1813, iv. col. 1517.
Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 623.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 539.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iii. p. 279.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii.
p. 98.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 100.
MESUNG QOHANN VON).
See JEAN DE MEHUN.
METALLISCHER Baumgarten, in welchem das einzige wahre Subjectum
Philosophise oder Primum ens Metallorum blofs und gantz offenbar, vor
Augen gelegt, und bechrieben worden ist; von einem Freunde, deme die
Wahrheit bewust ist, und der einen ieden vom falschen Weg gern ableiten,
hingegen zu dem wahren einzigen Brunnen der Metallen, fiihren und bringen
will. Franckfurt und Leipzig, Bey Johann Friedrich Fleischer. Anno 1741.
8°. Pp. 87 [i].
About the authorship of this tract see STEIN- edition, of date 1753, 8°, pp. 87, same place and
BERGEN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH VON). Another publisher, is quoted by Ladrague.
Rich. Pulteney, Historical and .Biographical
Sketches of the Progress of Botany in England, 1790,
i. pp. 290-297.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 166, 195.
Aikin, General Biography, 1808, vii. p. 56.
. Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812,
Appendix iv. p. xxii.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1815, xxii. p. 75.
Rees, The Cyclopcedia, 1819, xxiii. sub voce.
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25). vi. p. 258.
Wood, Athene? Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1820, iv.
cols. 430-2.
Munk, The Roll oj the Royal College of Physicians
of London, 1861, i. p. 240.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte, 1886, iv. p. 214.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 196.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1894, xxxvii.
p. 288.
John Aubrey, Brief Lives, chiefly of Contempo-
raries, edited by Andrew Clark, 1898, ii. p. 59.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der kbhern Chemie, 1785,
p. 672.
\^aArz.^R.,BibliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes^
Moscow, 1870, No. 1382.
92 METALLISCHER—MEURDRAC
METALLISCHER Baumgarten. Continued.
[Another Copy.]
[Another Copy.]
[Another Copy.]
METALLORUM (De) generatione Tractatus.
See MUS/EUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 305.
METALLORUM (De) materia, & artis imitatione Vetus Epistola.
See GRATAROLO (c.), Vera Alchemise . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 263.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 187.
METALLORUM (De) Metamorphosi Tractatus.
See BIRRIUS (MARTIN), Tres Tractatus . . ., 1668, p. i.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 676.
Mangel assigns this to Philaletha.
METALLURGIA.
. See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, 1746, 1747.
METAMORPHOSIS.
See MONTE-SNYDER (jOHANN DE).
METHOD and Materials pointed at, composing the Sophick Mercury.
See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy, 1709.
MEUNG (JEAN DE).
See JEAN DE MEHUN.
MEURDRAC (MARIE).
Die mitleidende und leichte Chymie, dem loblichen P>auen-Zimmer zu sonder-
bahrem Gefallen in Frantzosischer Sprach beschrieben durch Jungfer Maria
Meurdrac, nunmehr in Teutsch ubersetzt, und zum zweyten mahl heraufs-
gegeben, von J. L. M. C. Sampt einem Tractatlein, wie man allerhand
wohlriechende Sachen kiinstlich prsepariren sol, durch Johann Muflfatz.
Franckfurt, In Verlegung Johann David Zunners, 1676.
12°. Pp. [8] 312 [19, i blank]. Wants pp. 141-2.
La Chimica Caritatevole, e Facile, in favor delle dame scritto in Francese
dalla Sig. M. M. e tradotto da Narbonte Pordoni. Dedicato all' Illustriss., &
Eccellentiss. Sig. Donna Anna Altieri Colonna Principessa di Carbognano &c.
In Venetia, M.DC.LXXXII. Appresso Pontio Bernardon a 1'Insegna del
Tempo. Con Licenza de' Superiori, e Priuilegio.
12°. Pp. 12, 256 [20].
Gmelin, Geschichte der Ckemie, 1798, ii. p. 228 Ferguson, 'Notes on ... Books of Secrets,'
(quotes editions of Frankf., 1673, 1676, 1689, 1712, Transactions of the Archaeological Society of
1738 ; Erfurt, 1731, 8°). Glasgow, 1883, ii. pp. 194, 251.
Ladrague,Z?z'Ww/A<tywe Ouvaroff, Sciences Secrltes,
1870, No. 1104.
ME YER—ME YNIER
93
MEYER (JOHANN FRIEDRICH).
Johann Friedrich Meyers, Apothekers zu Ofsnabriick, Chymische Versuche, zur
naheren Erkenntnifs des ungeloschten Kalchs, der elastischen und electrischen
Materie, des allerrelnsten Feuerwesens, und der urspriinglichen allgemeinen
Saure. Nebst einem Anhange von den Elementen. Hanover und Leipzig,
bey Johann Wilhelm Schmidt, 1764.
8°. Pp. 16 [8] 418 [28, 2 blank]. Vignette with the motto : Non sine elatere, and tail-piece.
There was a French translation by Le Dreux, Paris, 1766, 12°.
Alchymistische Briefe. Von dem Verfasser der Chymischen Versuche zur
nahern Erkantnifs des ungeloschten Kalchs, &c. an den Herausgeber gegen-
wartiger Briefe. Hannover, gedruckt bey H. E. C. Schliiter, 1767.
4°. Pp. 6 1 [i blank, i, i blank].
[Another Copy.]
Meyer was born at Osnabruck in 1705. He
received his first education from his father and in
the gymnasium. At the age of nine he lost his
father, but he still went on reading and studying
till he was 15, when he was apprenticed to an
apothecary. After this was finished he went to
Leipzig and then to Nordhausen. On his recovery
from an attack of fever he went up to Clausthel and
St. Andreasberg in the Harz. Next to Frankfurt
a. M. and to Trier, whence, after a year's residence,
he went to Halle. After two years he was sum-
moned home to take charge of an apothecary's
shop belonging to his grandmother, and in 1738 he
married. His wife lived for 21 years and then
died. He seems to have been always delicate, and
in March, 1765, when he wrote his autobiographical
letter to Baldinger he tells how he had suffered for
twenty eight years from violent acidity, and that he
had used 1200 pounds of a form of chalk to correct
it ! He died of fever in November, 1765.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 60.
Giildenfalk, Sammlungvon . . . Transmutations-
geschichte, 1784, p. 376 (describes Constantini's
experiments).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 330,
587-
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergiinzungen zu
. . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1813,
iv. col. 1622.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 564.
Meyer is remembered in the history of chemistry
by his theory of an acidnm pingite and his view as
to the causticity of lime, which was the reverse of
that put forward by Black. He was a diligent
chemist, and for some time his views had strong
support, even from Lavoisier, but they ultimately
disappeared.
Stimulated by the results obtained by his friend
Dr. Constantini in Hanover, he also made experi-
ments with a view to transmutation, and these are
recorded in his 'Alchymistische Briefe,' but inci-
dentally he made some positive observations. The
' Briefe ' were edited by Andreas, who in his preface
speaks in high terms of Meyer.
For his life see his letter to E. G. Baldinger
above mentioned, prefixed to Joh. Christian
Wiegleb's Kleine Chymische Abhandlungen von
dem grossen Nutzen der Erkenntnifs des Acidi
pinguis .... Langensalza, 1767, or 1771.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 362 ;
1869, ii. p. 354.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1845, iii. pp. 16,
34-42, 317, 318 ; 1847, iv. pp. 214, 341, 373.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, p. 603 ('acidum pingue').
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 134.
La.Arzg\\e,Bibliotheque Ouvaro/,Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 594.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 80.
MEYNIER (DENIS).
Speculum Vniversi. Cathena Homeri Aurea in hac Mundi Vniversitate.
Nomen-Clatura. Physico Chimicis Exoptatissima. Et pro Choronide pro-
fundissimum totius Medicinae Arcanum in Auro Potabili, Panacea Vniversali,
& Particulari conficiendis sub Idiomate Gallico. Authore, Dionisio Meynier
luris Vtriusque Perito, turn Philosophic Naturalis Professore acuratissimo (sic).
Bonnse, Anno Salutis, 1674.
8°. Pp. 104.
94 ME YNIER—MICHELSPA CHER
MEYNIER'(DENis). Continued.
The Nomenclatura and Le Tresor de la Vie have separate titles and pagination as follows :
Nomenclatura ad Artem Trismegisticam, et Elixiris Magni, seu Lapidis Physici
Compositionem ; Phisico-chymiae-amazio non solum perutilis, imo Curiosissima secun-
dum Eruditissimos, Antiquissimos, nee non recentiores Philosophos. Eodem Authore
Anno Domini M.DC.LXXIV
Pp. 1-69 [p. 70 blank].
Le Tresor de la Vie. Consistant ez Mysteres les plus releve's de toutte la Medicine :
tant Hipocratique, Galenique, que spagirique. En faveur des Enfants de la Science,
et pour 1'utilite du Public. Par Denis Meynier Docteur en droit Civil, & Canon &
Professeur tres fidelle en Philosophic Naturelle. A Bone en l'Anne"e 1.674.
Pp. 7I-I54-
MEZAHAB Epistola de Auro potabili.
See HANNEMANN (jOHANN LUDWIG), Ovum Hermetico-Paracelsico-Trismegisturn,
1694, p. i.
MEZAREPH.
See AESCH MEZAREPH.
MICHAEL SCOTUS.
See SCOTUS (MICHAEL).
MICHAELIS QOHANN).
See HARTMANN (JOHANN), Praxis chymiatrica edita a J. Michaelis &c., 1647.
Dissertatio Pharmaceutico-Therapeutica de Natura Tincturse Bezoardicse.
See SCHULTZ (GOTTFRIED), 1678.
Michaelis was a native of Soest in Westphalia, his whole attention, for the works of Hartman were
where he was born in 1606 (1607, Billings). He edited by him, and H. ab Heer's Spadacrene, and
studied medicine at Wittenberg under Sennertus, prefaces were contributed by him to other works,
but, as was the custom, he visited other Universi- His death took place at Leipzig, 29 Nov., 1667.
ties in Germany and Holland, and finally graduated His works, Opera Omnia, were collected and pub-
at Leipzig, Mag. Phil., 1630; Dr. med., 1631. lished at Niirnberg, 1688,4°; 1698.
He became professor of medicine there, and he in- Haller (Bibl. Med. Prac., ii. p. 325) ascribes to
troduced the use of chemical remedies and invented J. Michaelis: Apologia chymica ad versus Libavii
several specifics. He was a very successful prac- calumnias, Middelburg, 1597 ; but this seems an
titioner, and was physician to the Courts of Saxony error on Haller's part, or else it must be a different
and Altenburg, and filled various academical posi- J. Michaelis.
tions. Medical practice did not, however, occupy
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam , . . Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
Introductio, 1687, p. 135 (Cap. III. Addit. 37 * * *) ; pp. 325, 407 (edition of Crollius), 591 (theses) ; 1779,
p. 385 (Cap. XI. Add. 6**). iii. p. 170.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarortim, Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Midecine,
1688, p. 1404. 1778, iii. p. 293.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 21.
1731, II. i. p. 323. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 1806-08, p. 185.
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 711. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce, 25), vi. p. 272.
1732, p. 101. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1740, worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 143.
p. 546. Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Medi-
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. cales, 2eme SeYie, 1873, vii. p. 551.
col. 512; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1669. genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv.
Matthiae, Conspectus Hi siorice Medicorum chrono- p. 230 (article by Pagel).
togicus, 1761, pp. 468-9. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 245.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 328.
MICHELSPACHER (STEPHAN).
See CABALA, Spiegel der Kunst und Natur : in Alchymia.
MICHELSPA CHER—MICROCOSMISCHE
95
MICHELSPACHER (STEPHAN). Continued.
The edition of the Cabala quoted by Rotermund
is that of August. Vindel. , 1654, 4°.
Michelspacher, belonging to the Tyrol, is called
by Kestner a physician who lived at the beginning
of the I7th century and issued in 1615 an ana-
tomical work with the title : Pinax microcosmo-
graphicus, seu admirandas partium hominis fabricas
historica enarratio, as well as the above.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 436.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 213.
Kb'nig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 539.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 983.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 336.
Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomicce Specimen,
1734, p. 209.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 548.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 299, 300.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
Michelspacher was a friend of Rernmelin's and
dedicated the Cabala to htm. Their names are
also associated in the production of the anatomical
plates in the Pinax, but Remmelin was really the
author, as Michelspacher himself explains in the
dedication to the present work. See REMMELIN
(JOHANN).
col. 521 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdns-
ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1693.
Matthias, Conspectus Hislorice Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 549.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern CAemie, 1785,
p. 617.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 517
(Alkumistica), 563 (Cabala).
Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen-
kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens , 1803, p. 31.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 327 ;
1869, ii. p. 319.
Kopp Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 230, 354.
MICONIUS (ACHATIUS).
See MYCONIUS (ACHATIUS).
MICRERIS.
Tractatus, suo discipulo Mirnefindo.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 90.
The above is a reprint of the first edition : Tractatus Alchymisticus suo discipulo Mirnefindo dicatus,
Ursell., 1622,8°.
In one place (p. 159) Borel quotes the above from
the Theatrum under Micreris, but in another (p. 249)
he puts it under Mireris : Mireris tractatus de Al-
chimia, ad discipulum. Nazari has a similar entry :
Mireris tractatus ad discipulum. So Lambye quotes
Mireris and other writers also.
If they be identical, as may be plausibly assumed
from the title of the writing, addressed as it is ' to a
disciple ' in both cases, then according to Borel
there are other forms of the name, viz. : ' Miserius
philosophus alchimicus, ex Brachesco ' ; ' Miseris
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sos>ni tre,
IS99. P- I4I (calls him Mireris, and quotes the
above).
Lambye, Re-delation of the Secret Spirit, 1623,
p. 34 (quotes the ' Book of Documents ' of Mireris),
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 366.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 159, 161.
162, 249.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 824.
(idem forsan cum praecedenti) ab Hortulano &
Brachesco inter Chrysoposire scriptoresmemoratus' ;
' Mirneris, idem forsan, ac Mireris.'
Whether this be correct or not, and whether
Micreris and Mireris denote the same person or
not, it is difficult to decide ; but there is some scope
for speculation about both the person and his name.
I have not succeeded in getting any information
as to either Micreris or Mirnefindus. There is not
even a bold guess or hazardous speculation by
Schmieder, for he does not mention him at all.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriplorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 336.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 56.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon \ Roter-
mund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen, 1813, iv.
col. 1699.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 335 ;
1866, i. p. 354.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1096 (the above).
MICROCOSMISCHE Vorspiele des Neuen Himmels und der Neuen Erde; Wie
dem Menschen, als dem Bilde Gottes, von Gott zugelassen, aus der alten
verfluchten Erde eine neue vom Himmel gesegnete Erde, zur Ergotzung des
Gemiiths, und zur Erhaltung des Leibes, microcosmisch und quintessentialisch
heraus zu bringen : Item, Was es mit dem Paradiefs und dem Fall Adams vor
eine Bewandnifs habe, und wie Jesus die gantze unter dem Fluch liegende
Schopffung wieder zu rechte bringen und Paradiesisch machen konne und
96 MICROCOSMISCHE— MIZALDUS
MICROCOSMISCHE Vorspiele. Continued.
wolle, auch defswegen an seinem eigenen in der Maria angenommenen Leibe
den Anfang gemacht habe, nach denen in der aussern sichtbaren Natur
wiirckenden zwey ewigen unsichtbaren Principiis, nemlich des Lichts und der
Finsternifs, zur Verherrlichung des grossen Jehovah, der Welt vor Augen
geleget von einem Liebhaber gottlicher und natiirlicher Geheimnisse.
Andere von dem Autore selbst verbesserte Edition. Amsterdam, Anno 1744.
8°. Pp. [16, Symbolic frontispiece included] 128. Title red and black.
There was a later edition : Frankfurt und Leipzig, Fictuld (Probter-Stein, 1753, part I. p. in)
1784, 8°. makes much of this work (which, he says, first
In the preface the author narrates how after appeared in 1733) and defends it from the attack of
spending a year in operations which had no result, Dippel, putting it in " the first class." There is no
he at last had revealed to him the secret methods reference to where Dippel's criticism can be found.
which are explained in this tract. Both editions are mentioned in the Beytrag sur
Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, pp. 667, 683.
MICROCOSMISCHE (Das) Vorspiel eines neuen Himmels und der neuen
Erde.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 167.
MILAN.
See PROSPECTUS Pharmaceuticus Galenico-Chymicus.
MINERA (De) Philosophica.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 655.
MINERA Philosophorum.
See GINjECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 349.
MINERALISCHE (Das) Gluten.
See W(ALCHIN) (D(OROTHEA) I(ULIANA)), 1705.
MINERALOGIA.
See THEOPHILUS.
MIRANDOLA (GIOVANNI FRANCESCO Pico BELLA).
See PICUS MIRANDULANUS (JOANNES FRANCISCUS).
MIRERIS.
See MICRERIS.
MIRIAM.
See MARIA.
MIRONE-PASQUALI (GIUSEPPE).
See SCOPOLI (GIOVANNI ANTONIO), Element! di Chimica, 1790.
MIZALDUS (ANTONIUS).
Centuriae ix. Memorabilium, Vtilium, ac lucundorum in Aphorismos Arcanorum
omnis generis locupletes, perpulcre digests ; Antonio Mizaldo Monluciano,
medico auctore. Accessit his Appendix nonnullorum Secretorum, Experi-
mentorum, Antidotorumque contra varies morbos, tam ex libris manuscriptis
MIZALD US— MOD US
97
MIZALDUS (ANTONIUS). Continued.
quam typis excusis, collecta. Seorsum excusa, Harmonia caelestium
corporum & humanorum, dialogis vndecim Astronomice & Medice per Anton.
Mizaldum elaborata & demonstrata. Item Memorabilium aliquot naturae
Arcanorum Syluula, rerum variarum Sympathias & Antipathias, libellis n.
complectens. 1592. Francofurdi Ex officina typographica loannis Wecheli.
Square 16°. Pp. [32] 267 [i blank]. Printer's device.
The Harmonia and the Silvula have separate titles, signatures, and pagination as follows :
Harmonia Ccelestium Corporum et Humanorum Dialogis vndecim astronomice &
medice per Anton. Mizaldum Monlucianum elaborata & demonstrata. Ad Antonium
Olivarium Lumbariensium antistitem eximium. Francofurdi ex officina typographica
loannis Wecheli, M.D.XCII.
Pp. 93 [i] [2 pages, blank? wanting].
Memorabilium Aliquot Naturae Arcanorum Silvula, Rerum variarum Sympathias,
& Antipathias, seu naturales concordias & discordias, libellis duobus complectens.
Autore Antonio Mizaldo Monluciano. Francofurti, apud loannem Wechelum, &
Petrum Fischerum consortes.
Pp. 88.
Mizaldus was born at Monlucon, in the Bour-
bonnais, studied at Bourges and Paris, where he
graduated, and devoted himself to medical practice,
in which he acquired much success and renown by
the extraordinary cures which he effected. He was
also distinguished in Mathematics and Philosophy,
but when he was at the height of his fame he with-
drew from practice to devote himself to the study
of science and of the wonders and secrets of Nature,
upon which he wrote many books. Niceron gives
a list of forty-one on meteorology, comets, as-
tronomy (astrology), cosmography, sympathy and
antipathy, almanacks, mathematics, agriculture,
gardening, notable things, secrets of the moon,
etc., etc. He died at Paris in 1578.
Thuanus commends him for his learning and
judgment. Other critics, however, have taken a
much less favourable view of his work, La Monnoye
finding fault with his Latinity, Niceron complaining
of his books being stuffed with false and useless
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 41.
Ghilini, Teatro d'Huomini letterati, 1647, i. pp.
17-19.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 543.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 75.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687 (Add. c. ix. 4*), p. 287.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 1276.
Teissier, \Les Rloges des Hommes Savans, 1715,
iii. pp. 154-157-
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 339.
Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomicce Specimen,
1734, P- 144-
Niceron, Mtmoires, 1739, xl. pp. 200-213.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740,
P- 552.
notions, and Teissier quoting the opinion of the
author of the Diversitez Curieuses, ii. p. ii, who
expresses his surprise at people being simple enough
to put any belief in the ' Centuriae,' seeing that the
book is full of trifles and superstitious nonsense, of
which he gives an example.
M6nard, the publisher, meditated an edition of
his collected works, but the Mascurat (p. 135) pre-
vented him carrying out this design by showing
him that Mizaldus was a man ready to believe any
fabrication : Quaelibet 4 quovis mendacia credere
promptus.
The 'Centuriae' were first printed at Paris in
1566, and repeatedly afterwards. Editions appeared
at Cologne in 1572, 1573, 1574 which are of special
interest, for they contain reprints of Pizimenti's
translation of the writings of Democritus, Synesius,
and Pelagius on Alchemy. These I have considered
in communications to. the Glasgow Philosophical
Society.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 237.
Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 560 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1816.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdedne,
1755, ii. p. 190 ; 1778, iii. p. 306.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 244.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
p. 91.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 71.
Ferguson, Proceedings of the Philosophical Society
of Glasgow, 1885, xvi. p. 39; 1891, xxii. p. 295.
Billings, Index- Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 352.
Ferguson, ' Notes on ... Books of Secrets,'
Part iv. , Transactions of the Archaeological Society
of Glasgow, 1888, New Series, i. pp. 301-315.
MODUS procedendi in praeparatione lapidis philosophici.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. 1598, p. 126.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi,
p. 201.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 258.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 200.
II. G
98
MOEBIUS
MOEBIUS (GOTTFRIED).
Anatomia Camphone, ejus originem, qualitates, praeparationes Chimicas, ac vires,
quas in omnibus fere totius humani corporis morbis instar panaceas cujusdam
praestat, nee non in aliis rebus usum succincte exhibens Gothofredi Moebii,
Med. D. P. P. Medici Elect. Brandenburg, nee non Admin. Archiepicop. (sic)
Magdeburg. Jense, Impensis Joh. Ludovici Neuenhahnii, Charactere
Sengenvvaldiano, Anno M DC LX.
4°. Pp. [8] 104.
A collection of opinions about camphor, from a
number of writers. The latter part contains the
preparations of camphor and the ailments for which
they are useful.
Neu-angeziindt-hell-brennendes Feuer, oder Mercurial-Liecht, so denen verzagten
Alchymisten aufs neue widerum angeziindet wird, von einem wohl-bekandten,
doch ungenanten Freund. So geschehen im Jahr Christi 1 680. Augspurg,
Gedruckt bey Jacob Koppmayer.
8°. Pp. [12] 33 [3 blank]. Folding symbolical engraving. Preface signed
Gottfried Moebius M.D.
[Another Copy.]
Wants the symbolical plate.
[Another Copy.]
Wants the symbolical plate.
After 14 years' constant labour in pursuit of the
stone he came to the conclusion that it was a mere
fancy. To warn his fellow-men from pursuing this
chimaera he wrote a tract which he called ' Gauckel-
Taschner,' in which he pointed out the errors or
delusions into which the chemists ran. When he
was about to print this he encountered an aged
chemist, and when he tried to prove to him that his
search was futile, the chemist ultimately showed
him that he was in error, and that all alchemists
were not cheats. So he burned his tractate and
received the present one from the chemist with per-
mission to print it, which he accordingly did.
Gottfried Moebius, the editor (or author), was born
in 1611 at Laucha in Thuringia, studied medicine
under Rolfinck, with whom he was a favourite, took
his degree at Jena and became professor of medicine
there, and was an active practitioner and author.
He had a remarkable escape from drowning, in
memory of which he gave away on each succeeding
Concio Funebris D. Christiani Chemnitii Theol.
Prof.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 544.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 355.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 182 (Add. c. iv. § 39 *) ; p.
229 (Add. c. vi. §7*); (commended by Schel-
hammer).
Freher, Theatrum virorum erudition* clarorum,
1688, p. 1396 ; portrait, plate 64.
Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. Ttt i
verso, 25 April, 1664.
Joannes Caspar Zeumer, Vita Professorum medi-
cince Academia Jenensis, 1711, Class iii. pp. 42-46.
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historian, liter-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 703.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 341.
anniversary of the event certain alms to poor
people. He died at Halle on 25 April, 1664, and
was buried at Jena.
He wrote a large number of academic disserta-
tions, a list of which is given by Haller, and other
books, for which see Mercklin, Mangel, Pauly, and
others. His work is commended by Schelhammer,
but rather unfavourably noticed by Bayle &
Thillaye, and flaws are poinled oul by Reimmann.
The presenl Iract is not contained in any of these
lists, and it is mentioned only by Jocher. Looking
at the date, Ladrague asks pcrtinenlly whelher the
editor (or author) is Ihe falher or ihe son of Ihe
same name? Of the latter the only thing I have
found is that he edited a work of his father's in
1667. If the events recorded in the preface took
place in 1680 they could not apply to the elder
man, but the preface itself seems to indicate that he
really wrote it. There is however some doubt
about the authorship.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 6, 7, 278, 279, 507.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 553-
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 567 ; Rotennund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1836.
Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 497.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 508.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 422
(calls him ' Gottlieb').
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirtirgica, 1774, i. p. 342.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practicce, 1777, ii.
p. 647.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de a Mt'decine,
1778, iii. p. 308.
MOEBIUS—MOHYUS
99
MOEBIUS (GOTTFRIED). Continued.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 128.
Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), v'i. p. 279.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, i.
p. 421.
Johannes Giinther, Lebensskizzen der Professoren
der Universitiit Jena, 1858, p. 121.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroft, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1187.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique dts Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 2eme SeVie, 1874, viii. p. 265.
Pauly, Bibliographic des Sciences Mldicales, 1874,
cols. 461, 462, 710.
Hirsch, Biographisches I^exikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeifen und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 253.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 355.
MOGLIN (JOHANN LUDWIG).
Vellus Aureum, Das giildene Fliifs : Das ist Chymisches Kleinod, oder Philo-
sophische Beschreibung der hochsten Medicin, und erquickenden Bronnen defs
Lebens Auri Potabilis. Geschriben und bereitet von Job. Lud. Moglin, Med.
Doct. Stuttgart, Gedruckt bey johann Weyrich Rofslin, Anno 1665.
12°. Pp. 72.
Johann Ludsvig Moegling, or Moglin, was born
at Tubingen in 1613, and was the son of Daniel
Moegling, a native of Tubingen, and professor of
medicine there. Johann Ludwig studied in his
native place and took the degree of master, went to
Altdorf on account of the unrest caused by the war,
in 1640 graduated doctor of medicine at Tubingen
and became town physician, ordinary professor of
mathematics and natural philosophy, and extra-
ordinary professor of medicine in 1660, and then
ordinary professor in 1687. He died in 1693.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 43, No. Ixviii.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751,
iii. col. 568 ; Rotermund's Fortzetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1840.
Boeck, Geschichte der Universitiit Tubingen, p.
134-
His inaugural dissertation was entitled : Palin-
genesia seu resurrectio plantarum ejusque resurrec-
tionem corporum nostrorum applicatio, Tubing. , 4°.
He is said also to have written : Tractatus de
i nconsiderato acidularum usu and Theoria sanitatis.
Haller ascribes to him : De febre epidemica ab
anno passim seeviente, Tubingen, 1621, 4°, but the
Tractatus de inconsiderate acidularum usu, Fri-
burg. , 1615, 8°, he assigns to Johann Phil. Moe-
gling-
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practices, 1777, ii.
p. 448.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chetnie, 1785,
p. 620.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 244.
MOGLING (DANIEL).
See FLORENTINUS DE VALENTIA.
See SCHWEIGHARDT (THEOPHILUS).
MOFFETT (THOMAS).
See MOUFET (THOMAS).
MOHYUS (ERVCIUS).
Pulvis Sympatheticus.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, l66o, p. 336.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, l66l, p. 231.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. l6$.
According to Eloy, his name was Henri Mohy,
latinized Erycius Mohyus, and he belonged to
Rondchamp, a village near Liege, on the frontier
of Luxembourg. He had studied medicine and
practised it with credit from 1620 to 1654, and two
writings are ascribed to him :
Tertianse crisis, Lovanii, 1642, 4°.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 545.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovalus, 1686, p. 262.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 342.
Pulvis sympatheticus qu6 vulnera sanantur
absque medicamenti ad partem affectam applica-
tione et superstitione, 1654, 4°, without place or
printer's name.
For a criticism of Mohyus' views, see DEUSING
(ANTON).
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine,
1778, iii. p. 309.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 2eme Serie, 1875, ix. p. 71.
IOO
HOLLER— MONTANOR
HOLLER (FRIEDRICH).
D. O. M. A. Ternio Reliquiarum Alchymise oder drey schone Tractatlein, vom
Stein der Weisen. So zuvor niemalfs inn Druck kommen, auch bifshero
gantz verborgen gehalten worden sind. Nun aber den Filijs Doctrinae vnd
alien Liebhabern Alchymiae, zu Ehren publiciret, vnd in offenen Druck
verfertiget, durch Fridericum Mollerum, Philosophise & Medicinae Doctore,
Churf. Brandenburgischen bestalten Medicum der Veste Ciistrin in der New-
marck, etc. Gedruckt zum Berlin, Im Jahr 1618.
8°. Sigs. A-D in eights, E in four, or pp. [72].
The three tracts are :
Paracelsus : dafs zehende Buch Archidoxis, vom
Stein der Weysen, Bij.
Ein Procefs auff den Lapidem Philosophorum,
aufs einem gar alien Biichlein eines Scriptoris
Anonymi, Dij.
Eine Beschreibung von der wahren Tinctura
Philosophorum, eines Autoris Anonymi, Dvij.
Though nothing seems to be recorded about this
person, it is possible that he was the father of
another Friedrich Moller or Moller, who was born
Beughem, Syllabus recens exploratorum in re
medica, physica et chymica, Amst., 1696, p. 88.
at Ciistrin in the Marck, and after travelling in
Holland, Denmark and Poland, graduated at
Kb'nigsberg in 1644 as Doctor of Medicine, and
ultimately became the private physician of the
Churfurst in his native place. He wrote a disserta-
tion, De partu 173 dierum vivo, Ciistrin, 1662, 12°,
and some other medical tracts, and if it were not
for the dates, one might be disposed to identify the
present author with the later physician, who is
mentioned by Jocher.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 571 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1813, iv. col. 1854.
MONDEN-SCHEIN.
See CHYMISCHER MONDENSCHEIN.
For alchemical books with the Moon for the title, see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 390.
MONGEZ (JEAN-ANDRE*) le jeune.
See OBSERVATIONS sur la physique, &c.
Jean-Andre", the brother of Antoine Mongez,
was born at Lyons in 1751, was a physician and
member of several academies and canon regular of
Ste. Genevieve. He joined the expedition of
Laperouse as surgeon and almoner, and perished
in it. He wrote a description of an apparatus for
Biographic Universelle, 1821, xxix. p. 372 ; i
date, xxviii. p. 622.
Querard, La France litteraire, 1834, vi. p. 205.
reducing fractures, and translated Bergmann's
mineralogy from the Swedish, 1784. He took a
great share in drawing up the early volumes of the
' Course of Agriculture ' of Rozier, and from 1779
was one of the editors of the above journal, which
was afterwards entitled ' Journal de Physique.'
no Nouvelle Biographic Gdndrale, 1865, xxxv. col.
MONTANOR (Guioo DE).
Scala Philosophorum.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 134.
See also SCALA Philosophorum.
Guido de Montanor, or Montano, or Guido
Magnus de Monte, not Guido de Monte, was
apparently a Frenchman, who flourished in the
fourteenth or fifteenth century, judging from the
fact that while he quotes Roger Bacon and
Richardus, he in turn is referred to by writers of
the fifteenth century, as by Ripley, who says that
his ' fame goeth wide,' and calls him also ' sapient
Guido.' Besides the Scala Philosophorum, he is
credited with Decreta chymica, printed in Rhenanus'
Harmonia imperscrutabilis, and De arte chymica
libellus, printed in CondeKsya.nus' ffarmonta, Fran-
cofurti, 1625, 8°. Of this there is a German translation,
Guidonis Magni de Monte Thesaurus chymiatricus,
oder lange verborgener Schatz der Chyinie, Halle,
1623, 8°. Borel says that he is praised by
Ripley, and wrote an Epistola chemica to a certain
Greek Bishop. He also quotes De arte Alchemice
libellus, which is probably only a variation of the
above title. Some of these tracts I have not seen,
and am consequently unable to say whether they
are different or not. Nazari includes the Scala
philosophorum in his list, but does not allude to
Guido de Montanor. Baumer ascribes to him not
only the Scala Philosophorum and Libellus de
Arte chemica, but also the Clangor Buccinff, and
Correctio Fatuorum.
MONTANOR— MONTANUS
101
MONTANOR (Gumo DE). Continued.
Ripley, The Compound of Alchymy, 1591, V^recto
(' The fourth Gate,' stanza 8) ; Fj recto ('The fifth
Gate,' stanza 8) ; or in Ashmole's Theatrum Chemi-
cwn Britannicum, 1652, p. 146, st. 8 ; p. 150, st. 8.
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre,
1599, p. 144.
Maier, Symbola A urea Menses, 1617, p. 347.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 109, 163.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Herntitique, 1742, iii. pp. 43, 58, 69.
Fictuld, Turbo. Philosophorum, 1763, p. 117.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 93.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 607.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 53.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 155.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 404;
1866, i. p. 428.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 914.
MONTANUS (LUDWIG CONRAD).
Lud. Conr. Montani Griindliche Anweisung, zu der wahren Hermetischen
Wissenschaft, und zu dem Geheimnifs der Alten des Steins der Weisen zu
gelangen. Aus einem sehr alten raren Bamberigischen Manuscript, ans Licht
gestellet von Johann Ludolph ab Indagine. Franckfurt und Leipzig, 1751.
8°. Pp. [32] 94 [2]-
Occulta Philosophia, oder Coelum Sapientum et Vexatio Stultorum.
See ORVIUS (LUDWIG CONRAD).
In the preface we are informed that the MS.
from which this book was derived bore the date
1635, so that it is not of such a great age as the
title-page would lead us to infer. It was drawn up
by the author as a complete exposition, and sent
to a friend in Bamberg, by name Sonneberger. As
the author had concealed himself under the name
Montanus, Sonneberger stated that his actual name
was Ludwig Conrad von Bergen, while Sonneberger
called himself, Ich Sags Nicht. This phrase, it
may be noticed in passing, has been also held as
referring to Johann Ambrosius SIKBMACHER.
The editor goes on to say that where Montanus
resided is not so easy to determine, but from a
phrase in Cap. VI. the editor thinks it possible he
may have lived in the Rhineland and on the borders
of France, as he shows himself well acquainted
Missiv an die hocherleuclitete Briiderschaft des
Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreuizes, 1783, p.
103.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 671.
MONTANUS (JOANNES BAPTISTA).
Sententia de Sublimatione.
See GRATAROLO (G.), VercG AlchemicC . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 35.
with mines in that country. ' But whoever he was,
and whatever his name was, he was an excellent
guide.'
The book is a new edition of the work of Ludwig
Conrad Orvius, which, however, has been subjected
to a good deal of alteration both in the preface and
in the text. From the former has been omitted the
author's account of his treatment by a society of
Rosicrucians, and in the text there are not only
changes of words and phrases, but passages have
been omitted and others have been inserted. The
chapters, too, have been differently divided.
How much of this is due to differences in the
original sources, how much to the later editor ab
Indagine, it would be hardly possible now to say.
See more under ORVIUS.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic der
R'osenkreuzer, 1786, i. pp. 114, 122 ; 1787, ii. p. 177.
Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen-
kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, pp. u,
58.
Presumably the author of the above is Joannes
Baptista Montanus, the physician and poet, who
was born in 1498, and belonged to a noble family
at Verona. He practised at Rome and Naples,
where also he expounded the odes of Pindar, then
at Padua, where after four years he was appointed
professor of medicine. On 6 May, 1551, he died of
stone at Terazzo in the Veronese district, where he
had gone for change of air.
Ghilini, Teatro d1 Huomini letterati, 1647, ii.
p. 140.
Borel, Btbliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 249.
Konig, Btbliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 551.
Freher, Theatrum virorutn erudilione clarorum,
1688, p. 1232 ; portrait, plate 55.
Teissier, Eloges ties Hommes Savans, 1715, i.
PP- 92-95-
Stolle, Anleitung zur His forte der Medicin ischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 134, 136, 137, &c., &c.
He wrote a number of works relating to medicine,
explanations of Galen, Avicenna, Razis, a treatise
' De medicamentis simplicibus,' Venice, 1554, 8°,
and ' Demonstrationes aquas destillatas per alem-
bicum etiam a calidis herbis esse frigidas. Several
of his works were edited by his pupils. The above
is not mentioned in the lists of his writings, if it be
by him.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1740,
p. 560-
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 237, 238.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 627; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
itngen, 1813, iv. col. 2027.
Morwitz, Geschichte der A fedicin, 1848, i. p. 237;
1849, ii. p. 131.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 426.
io2 MONTE— MONTE CUBITI
MONTE (GuiDO MAGNUS DE).
See MONTANOR (GUIDO DE).
Tractatulus seu Descriptio Philosophic! Adrop.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 543.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 382.
MONTE CUBITI (VIGILANTIUS DE).
Dreyfaches Hermetisches Kleeblat, in welchem begriffen dreyer vornehmen
Philosophorum herrliche Tractatlein. Das erste von dem geheimen waaren
Saltz der Philosophorum, und allgemeinen Geist der Welt, H. Nuysement aus
Lothringen. Das andere Mercurius Redivivus Unterricht von dem Philoso-
phischen Stein so wol den weisen als rohten aus dem Mercurio zu machen,
Samuelis Nortoni sonsten Rinville. Und das dritte von dem Stein der Weisen
Marsilii Ficini Florentini, welche ehedessen von denen Authoribus in Frantz-
osischer und Lateinischer Sprach beschrieben, nunmehro aber alien Lieb-
habern, so der Lateinischen Sprach unkiindig, zum besten, in unser Teutsche
Muttersprach iibersetzet, und mit einem zweyfachen Register zum Druck
verfertiget. Durch Vigilantium de Monte Cubiti. Niirnberg, In Verlegung
Michael und Johann Friderich Endtern, 1667.
8°. Pp. [24, engraved title containing emblematical sorrel included] 448. Index
[32]. 16 symbolic engravings. Nuysement, p. i ; Norton, p. 209 ; Ficinus, p. 373.
Herrn de Nuysement Tractat von dem waaren geheimen Saltz der Philosophorum,
und von dem allgemeinem (sic) Geist der Welt. Zu ergantzung des lang-begehrten
dritten Principii, Michaelis Sendivogii, welches er vom Saltze verheissen hat.
Mercurius Redivivus oder Unterricht, wie man den Philosophischen Stein, sowol
den weissen, als den rohten, aus dem Mercurio machen solle. Erstlich von weiland
Samuele Nortono, sonsten Rinvillo Briszollensi angefangen. Nachmals mit Fleifs ver-
bessert und vermehret, durch Edmundum Deanum von Oxonien, Doctorem der Artz-
ney, zu Eborach in Engelland. Nunmehr aber wegen seiner grossen Nutzbarkeitdieser
Kunst Liebhabern, die der Lateinischen Sprach unkiindig sind, zum besten aufs
fleissigste in die Teutsche Muttersprach versetzet worden. Bey welchem Ttractiitlein
(sic) zu finden, wie man beede Fermenta, so wol zum weisen, aus der Luna oder dem
Silber, als zum rohten aus Sole oder dem Golde machen solle.
This is in eight books, each of which has a short Metamorphosis Lapidum ignobilium in Genimas
title in Latin and German : pretiosas, p. 313 ; 7. Alchymiae Complementum et
I. Mercurius Redivivus, p. 211 ; 2. Catholicon Perfectio, p. 329 ; 8. Auslegung der duncklen
Physicorum, p. 231 ; 3. Venus vitriolata, p. 247 ; Wbrter, Namen und seltzamen Reden, so in dieser
4. Elixir, seu Medicina Vitae, p. 263 ; 5. Saturnus Kunst gefiihret werden, p. 355.
saturatus dissolutus & Coelo restitutus, p. 283 ; 6.
Marsilii Ficini Btichlein vom Stein der Weisen, erstlich von dem Authore selbsten
in Lateinischer Sprach beschrieben, anjetzo aber alien Liebhabern und des Lateins
unkiindigen zulieb in die Teutsche Muttersprach iibersetzet.
[Another Copy.]
The name of the present editor appears in Dresden, in 1757, under the title Eines wahre/i
Lenglet Dufresnoy's list, with an inaccurate and Adepti besondere Geheimnisse von der Alchymie.
ignorant transcription of the title ; it is given by See under H. (c. G. ).
Gmelin, by Ladrague, and by Kopp, but nothing For other editions of the tracts see under the
is said as to the true name of the editor. names of the respective authors.
Deane's or Norton's tracts were reprinted at
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 13.
Hermctique, 1742, iii. p. 238. Ladrague, Bibliolheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hb'hern Chemie, 1785, Secretes, 1870, No. 611.
p. 621. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 338.
MONTE HERMETIS- MONTE RAPHAIM 103
MONTE HERMETIS (JOHANN DE).
Joannis de Monte Hermetis Explicatio Centri in Trigono Centri per Somnium,
das 1st : Erlauterung defs Hermetischen Giildenen Flufs, alien desselbigen
emsigen Bestreitern zur Nachricht, darzu zu gelangen ; Aufs einem Cabalis-
tischen Ratzel' erklaret und an Tag gegeben, auch mit sonderbaren
Anmerckungen und einem dienlichen Anhang aufsgefertigt. Ulm, In
Verlag Georg Wilhelm Kiihnen, Im Jahr 1680.
8°. Pp. [42] 78, 83 [i blank, 17, 3 blank]. 8 woodcuts in the text of the Anhang.
./Enigma Cabalisticum, sig. 03.
Explicatio Centri in Trigono Centri. Pp. 78.
Schlufs-fuhrender Erliiuterungs-Anhang, worinnen der Geniige nach das gantze
Opus Philosophicum, samt alien desselbigen Philosophischen und gebrauchlichen
Manipulationibus und Operationibus weit-lauffig und klarer als noch iemals durch
offenen Truck an Tag gegeben, von dem Lowen defs Rothen Creutzes, sonsten genandt
der Gehuldigte. Gedruckt im Jahr Christi M.DC.LXXX.
Pp. 83 [r blank].
Chymicus Deo bene placens, atque homini proximo inserviens, oder Alchymis-
tische Nachrichtungs Regulen, alien und jeden derwahren Chymiae getreuen Liebhabern,
und fleissig obligenden Nachforschern, aufs Gut- und Wohl-meinenheit beschrieben,
und zur Nachricht durch offenen Truck an Tag gegeben, Von dem Lowen defs Rothen
Creutzes, sonst genandt der Gehuldigte.
Pp. [10}
Astronomias Medicos Theologico-Philosophica Delineatio. Hoc est : Modus
Curandi Morbos, Mediantibus Astris.
Deus Miserere Mei secundum magnam Misericordiam tuani.
ExcusumAnno M.DC.LXXX.
Pp. [7] [3 blank].
[Another Copy.]
This work is included by Kopp amongst those He adds that the same author published in 1680
that bear the title of the Golden Fleece, of which also another book : ' Schlussfuhrender Erlauter-
there are several. It is referred to by other writers, ungs-Anhang von dem Leiien des Rothen-Kreutzes,'
but nothing is said about the author's life or name, which again contains sophistical follies and lies,
for, presumably, the above is a pseudonym. whereby the ignorant are plunged into temporal
Fictuld makes on him a specially violent attack, and eternal misery, which is surely ascribing to it
1 One can see that he was a man without love for too much power. It is given above,
his neighbour (this is a Fictuldian formula), else he The author of the Beytrag who has more humour
would have kept back this book, seeing that it is than Fictuld, and is never in such unreasonable
arch-sophistical and chymistical, with nothing in it earnest, merely remarks — ' excellent reading for
but braggart follies and perversions,' and so on. theosophists ! '
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichie der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 14.
Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 238. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 96. Secretes, 1870, No. 1094.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 244; ii. pp.
p. 632. 331, 353-
MONTE RAPHAIM (JOHANN DE).
Johann de Monte Raphaim Vorbothe der am Philosophischen Himmel hervor-
brechenden Morgen-Rothe. Hamburg, zu finden bey Samuel Heyl, 1716.
8°. Pp. [44, frontispiece not included, 2 blank].
Ladrague says the first edition is that of Amsterdam, 1703. The reprint in the
Hd'inetisches Museum is from that edition.
loannis de Monte Raphaim Vorbothe, der am Philosophischen Himmel
hervor brechenden Morgen-Rothe. Sammt einem Anhang etlicher Lehr-Satze,
vor die Schiller der Weifsheit, von neuem ans Licht gestellet.
104 MONTE RAPHAIM—MONTE-SNYDER
MONTE RAPHAIM QOHANN DE). Continued.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i.
P- 597-
See FUNF Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, 1767.
8°. Pp. 40, including the frontispiece.
This is the fourth tract in the collection.
See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1782, i. p. 65.
Kopp alludes to this work in connection with guished himself by the chemical works he had
others about ' Aurora ' and the dawn. brought out.
The Beylrag says nothing about the author, but Fictuld once more indulges in one of his tirades
oddly mentions the publisher as having distin- without giving any information about anything.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 98. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 1806-08, p. 231.
p. 657. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarq/, Sciences
Gmelin, Geschichte -der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 315. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1341-44.
Kopp, Die A Ichemie, 1886, ii. p. 389.
MONTE-SNYDER (Jon. DE).
Job. de Monte-Snyders, Metamorphosis Planetarum. Das ist : Eine wunder-
barliche Veranderung der Planeten und Metallischen Gestalten in ihr erstes
Wesen, mit beygefiigtem Procefs und Entdeckung der dreyen Schliissel, so zu
Erlangung der drey Principia gehorig, und wie das Universale Generalissimum
zu erlangen, in vielen Oertern dieses Biichleins beschrieben. Anjetzo
wiederumb zum Druck befordert durch A. Gottlob B. Franckfurt
am Mayn, verlegts Georg Heinrich Oehrling, Buchhandler. Wetzflar (sic)
druckts Georg Ernst Winckler, 1700.
8°. Pp. 142. Frontispiece extra.
The editor's name is Adam Gottlob Berlich or Berlig.
Jo. de Monte-Snyders, Metamorphosis Planetarum. Das ist : Eine wunder-
barliche Veranderung der Planeten und Metallischen Gestalten in ihr erstes
Wesen, mit beygefiigtem Procefs und Entdeckung der dreyen Schliissel, so zu
Erlangung der drey Principien gehorig, und wie das Universale Generalissimum
zu erlangen, in vielen Oertern dieses Biichleins beschrieben. Anjetzo
wiederum zum Druck befordert durch A. Gottlob B. Frankfurt und
Leipzig. Zu finden bey Johann Paul Kraus, in Wienn, 1774.
8°. Pp. 173 [3 pp. advertisements]. The frontispiece is not included and
pp. 15-16 are omitted.
Joh. de Monte-Snyders Tractatus de Medicina Universali. Das ist Von der
Universal Medicin, wie nemlich dieselbe in denen dreyen Reichen der
Mineralien, Animalien und Vegetabilien zu finden und daraus zu wege zu
bringen, durch ein besonders Universal Menstruum, welches auff- und
zuschliessen, und iedes Metall in Materiam primam bringen kan, auch wie
dadurch das fixe unzerstorliche Gold in ein warhafftes Aurum potabile zu
bringen, so sich nimmermehr wieder in ein fix Gold-Corpus reduciren lasset,
Gott zu Ehren, und dem menschlichen Geschlecht zu sonderbahrem Trost und
Nutzen anitzo wiederum zum Druck befordert, und mit einer kurtzen griind-
MONTE-SNYDER 105
MONTE-SNYDER (Jon. DE). Continued.
lichen Erklarung auch beygefiigeten Spagyrischen Grundregeln illustriret durch
A. Gottlob B. Franckfurt und Leipzig, In Verlegung Thomae Matthise
Gotzens sel. Erben. Im Jahr 1678.
8°. Pp. 176. Berlich's Regeln have a title-page, with engraved vignette, included
in the pagination, pp. 139-176.
[Another Copy.]
Joh. de Monte-Snyders Tractatus de Medicina Universali. Das ist : Von der
Universal-Medicin, wie nemlich dieselbe in denen dreyen Reichen der
Mineralien, Animalien und Vegetabilien zu finden und daraus zuwege zu
bringen, durch ein besonders Universal-Menstruum, welches auf- und
zuschliessen, und jedes Metall in Materiam primam bringen kan, auch wie
dadurch das fixe unzerstorliche Gold in ein wahrhafftes Aurum potabile zu
bringen, so sich nimmermehr wieder in ein fix Gold-Corpus reduciren lasset,
Gott zu Ehren, und dem menschlichen Geschlecht zu sonderbarem Trost und
Nutzen anjetzo wiederum zum Druck befordert, und mit einer kurzen griind-
lichen Erklarung, auch beygefiigeten Spagyrischen Grund-Regeln illustriret
durch A. Gottlob B. Frankfurt und Leipzig. Zu finden bey Johann Paul
Kraus, in Wienn, 1773.
8°. Pp. 208. Pp. 169-208 contain the Spagyrische Grund-Regeln by Berlich himself.
Commentarius iiber des Monte-Snyders Schrifften.
See BECKER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Chymischer Clucks- Hafen, 1726, p. 108.
Commentatio de Pharmaco Catholico.
See RECONDITORIUM ac Reclusorium Opulentiae Sapientiaeque Numinis Mundi
Magni, cui deditur in titulum Chymica Vannus, 1666.
This is a Latin version of the tract De Medicina Universali, and may have been the first edition. It
does not bear the author's name.
Schmfeder says that though apparently Dutch, other writers. It took place at Aix-la-Chapelle in
his name was Mondschneider, and he was a native 1667, in presence of Guillaume, a goldsmith and
of the Palatinate. Others say that Monte-Snyder assayer, and Monte-Snyder on that occasion pro-
was a grandson of Levinus Lemnius on the mother's duced gold of extraordinarily fine quality from lead
side, and from him got the tincture with which he and copper. After his stock of 'tincture' was
performed several transmutations. One of the exhausted, he is said to have died at Maim: in
most notable of these was narrated by van Vrees- poverty,
wyk, and from him the narrative was copied by
Goossen van Vrees wyk, De Goude Leeuw, 1675, Wiegleb, Historisch-kritische Untersvchung der
pp. 6-12. Alchemie, 1777, p. 301. (He passes over this per-
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicoruin, formance as of no importance.)
1697, p. 43, No. Ixx. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 95.
Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutscftes Fegfeuerder Beytrag zur Geschichte der ho/tern Chemie, 1785,
Scheide Kunst, 1702, p. 42. (Not complimentary pp. 349, 619, 630.
to Monte-Snyder.) Korium verteidiget die Alchemie, 1789, p. 181.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 148. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 18.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca mctallicce, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter-
1732, p. 103. mund's Fortsetzung und Ergdmungen, 1813, iv.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic col. 2044.
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 238. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
Tharsander, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, pp. 328-331. 403-408, 601.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Theil ii. p. 98, \-.a.drngue,BibliofhequeOuvaroff,Sciences Secretes,
(calls him a learned man, but no adept). 1870, Nos. 1116-17, 1622-24.
Kunckel, Laboratorium Chymicum, 1767, p. 169, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 155 ; ii. pp. 312,
(expresses a very poor opinion of his writings, and 364.
calls him a "sophist ").
io6
MORGENROTHE MORGENSTERN
MORGENROTHE.
See AUFSTEIGUNG der Morgenrothe.
MORGENSTERN (PHILIPP).
Turba Philosophorum; Das ist, Das Buch von der guldenen Kunst, neben
andern Authoribus, welche mit einander 36. Biicher in sich haben. Darinn
die besten vraltesten Philosophi zusamen getragen, welche tractiren alle
einhellig von der Universal Medicin, in zwey Biicher abgetheilt, vnnd mit
schonen Figuren gezieret. Jetzundt newlich zu Nutz vnd Dienst alien waren
Kunstliebenden der Natur (so der Lateinischen Sprach vnerfahren) mit
besonderm fleifs, miihe vnnd arbeit trewlich an tag geben : durch Philippum
Morgenstern Islebiensem. Zu Basel, in verlegung Ludwig Konigs, 1613.
8°. Pp. [14] (containing Vorrede, Propositiones and Contents, followed by a
cryptograph) ; Text, pp. 560. The title is in red and black, and has a symbolic
vignette (from the Rosarium) of a lion devouring the sun, with the legend :
Ich bin der war griin vnd giildische Low ohn sorgen,
In mir steckt alle heimlichkeit der Philosophen verborge".
The second part has a separate title :
Das ander Theil, der giildinen kunst die sie sonst Chymia nennen, welches in
sich hellt die Schrifften Morieni Romani, von den Metallischen dingen, vnnd von der
verborgenen vnd hochsten Artzney der alien Philosophorum, mit andern Authoribus,
die da auff dem nachfolgenden Blatt angezeigt werden. Verteutscht durch Philippum
Morgenstern, wie forn im ersten Theil geschrieben worden. Getruckt zu Basel, bey
Johann Schroter, M. DC. XI 1 1.
Pp. [6] (Contents and Vorrede); Text, pp. 455, [i blank]. Vignette of the
Philosophers, and symbolic woodcuts in the text of the Rosarium.
Theil I.
Propositiones Maximae, seu Satzungen der Gold-
kunst, oder Chemise artis, sig. ):( v recto.
1. Turba Philosophorum, p. i.
2. Das Ander Exemplar der Turbae Philosopho-
rum, p. 60.
Ettliche Allegorize in die Turbam, p. 101.
3. Etliche Retzel, oder Aenigmata aufs dem
Gesicht [oder dem Traum] Arislei und aufs den
Allegoriis der Weissen, p. 107.
4. Ubung in die Turbam, p. 114.
5. Auffsteigung der Morgenrothe [Aurora Con-
surgens], p. 141.
6. Rosinus ad Eutichiam (Euthicam), das iste
Buch, p. 199.
7. Rosinus ad Eutichiam, das ander Buch, p. 208.
8. Rosinus an den Bischoff Saratantam, das iste
Buch, p. 228.
9. Rosinus an den Bischoff Saratantam, das ander
Buch, p. 237.
10. Rosinus, Beschreibung von den Gottlichen
Aufslegungen, p. 242.
11. Die Practica Marias Prophetissae, p. 269.
12. Das Buch der Geheimnussen der Alchimiag
Calidis Jazichi Sohn, p. 274.
13. Das Buch der dreyer Worter, defs ver-
mischten Kallidts [i.e. Kalid Rachaidib], p. 301.
14. Aristoteles : Tractatlein oder Biichlein von
der Practica defs Philosophischen Steines, p. 310.
15. Avicenna: von der Congelierung und zu-
sammen fiigung des Steins (or von der Zusammen-
leimung), p. 322.
16. Epistola Alexandri, p. 331.
17. Ein klein Werckstuck oder Biichlein, eines
vnbekandten Authoris, der da metaphorice be-
schreibet die Geheimnus defs Philosophischen
Steines, p. 337.
18. Allegoria Merlini, vom Geheimnufs defs
Steins, p. 340.
19. Rachaidibi, Veradiani, Rpdiani und Kanidis,
Schreiben von der Materia Lapidis, p. 344.
20. Avicenna : Tractatulus von der Alchimia,
P- 35i-
21. Semita Semitae, oder, Fufssteig defs Fufs-
steigs, p. 378.
22. Clangor Buccinae, oder, der Thon der Schal-
meyen, p. 389.
23. Correctio Fatuorum, oder, die reformierte
Alchimij oder Straffung der falschen Alchimisten,
P- 475-
24. Das Buch von der Kunst Chimia, eines
ungewissen Authors, p. 504.
Theil II.
Das Buch von der Zurichtung der giildinen
Kunst, welches Morienus Romanus hat lassen
aufsgehen an den Calid der Egypter Konig, welches
Robertus Castrensis aufs dem Arabischen in Latein
gebracht hat, sig. Aij recto.
Ein Antwort Bernhnrdi von Trier, an Thomam
de Bononia, von den Mineralen, vnnd zusammen-
setzung oder zurichtung dels Elixirs, erklaret vnnd
aufsgelegt mit den Tafeln Roberti Vallensis, p. 46.
The ' Tafeln ' are on p. 91.
Ein Buch voj) der guldenen Kunst, welches
Author vnbekandt, vnd zuvor noch nie aufsgangen.
[No such tract. Compare vol. i. p. 504.]
Die Leyter der Philosophorum [Scala Philoso-
phorum], p. 94.
Das Weiber-Werck oder Kinderspiel [Opus
Mulierum et Ludus puerorum], p. 154.
Rosarium der Philosophorum mit den Figuren,
P- 185.
Arnoldus, Schatz aller Schatze, vnd das Rosarium,
P- 369-
Arnoldus, Newes Licht [Novum Lumen], p. 393.
Arnoldus, Blum aller Blumen an den Konig
Aragonum geschrieben [Flos florum], p. 407.
Arnoldus, Epistel vber die Alchimia an den
Konig Neapolitanum oder zur Newstatt, p. 422
Rogerius Bachon, Von der wunderbarlichen Ge-
walt der Kunst vnd Natur &c., p. 426.
MORGENS TERN—MORHOF
107
MORGENSTERN (PHILIPP). Continued.
Turba Philosophorum, Das ist, Das Buch von der giildenen Kunst, neben andern
Auctoribus, welche mit einander 36. Biicher ausmachen, darinnen der besten
uraltesten Philosophorum Schriften zusammen getragen, welche alle einhellig
von der Universal-Medicin handlen, in zwey Theile abgefasset, und mit
schonen Figuren gezieret. Zu Nutz und Dienst aller Kunst- und Natur-
liebenden mit besonderem Fleifs, Miihe und Arbeit in die deutsche Sprache
iibersetzt und heraus gegeben durch Philippum Morgenstern, Islebiensem.
Erster Theil. Verlegts Johann Paul Kraufs, Buchhandler in Wienn, 1750.
8°. Pp. [12] 680. Title red and black. Vignette : a Lion on its haunches
swallowing the sun ; the engraving has the following couplet on left and right sides :
Ich bin der wahre griin und giildisch Low ohn Sorgen
In mir steckt alle Heimlichkeit der Philosophen verborgen.
. . . Zweyter Theil [1-14] 15-551 [*]• Vignette, and 8 separate engraved plates.
1 1 woodcuts and the vignette of the first part repeated.
Theil 1.
Propositiones Maximae, oder Satzutigen der Gold-
Kunst oder Chemicae artis, sig. ) ( ) ( i redo.
1. Turba Philosophorum, p. i.
2. Das andere Exemplar der Turbae, p. 76.
3. Etliche Allegoriae in die Turbam, p. 125.
4. Etliche Ratzel aus dem Traum oder Gesicht
Arislei, p. 133.
5. Ubung in die Turbam, p. 142.
6. Aufsteigung der Morgenrothe, p. 173.
7. Das erste Buch Rosini ad Euthichiam, p. 244.
8. Das andere Buch Rosini ad Euthicam, p. 255.
9. Das erste Buch Rosini an den Bischoff Sara-
tantam, p. 279.
10. Das andere Buch an den Bischoff Saratantam,
p. 289.
11. Der dritte Theil Rosini von der Beschreibung
von den Gottlichen Auslegungen, p. 295.
12. Die Practica Mariae Prophetissae, p. 329.
13. Das Buch der Geheimnufs Calidis, lazichi
Sohn, p. 335.
14. Das buch derer drey Worter, p. 367.
15. Das Buch Aristotelis von dem Philosophischen
Stein, p. 377.
16. Avicenna von der Zusammenleimung des
Steins, p. 391.
17. Epistola Alexandri Macedoniae, p. 402.
18. Ein unbekannter Author von den Geheim-
nussen des Steins, p. 409.
19. Die Allegoria Merlini vom Geheimnufs des
Steins, p. 413.
20. Rachaidibi, Veradiani, Rodiani und Kalidis,
Schreiben von der Materia Lapidis, p. 418.
21. Avicenna von der Alchymia, p. 426.
22. Semita Semitae oder Fufssteig des Fufs-
steigs, p. 460.
Morgenstern may be, and most likely is, a
pseudonym. This is a translation of the Ars
A vr if era of 1593 or 1610.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 124.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1866, i. p. 311.
23. Der Thon der Schalmeyen [Clangor Buccinae],
P- 473-
24. Die reformirte Alchymie oder Bestraffung
der falschen Alchimisten [Correctio fatuorum],
P- 578.
25. Ein ungewisser Author von der Kunst Chimia,
p. 612.
Theil II.
Das Buch von der Zurichtung der giildenen
Kunst, welches Morienus Romanus hat lassen
ausgehen an den Calid, der Aegypter Kdnig,
welches Robertus Castrensis aus dem Arabischen
in Latein gebracht hat, sig. AS recto and p. 15.
Eine Antwort Bernhardi Treuisani an Thomam
de Bononia von den Mineralien, und Zusammen-
setzung oder Zurichtung des Elixirs, erklaret und
ausgelegt mit den Tafeln Roberti Vallensis, p. 68.
Ein Buch von der giildenen Kunst, dessen
Auctor unbekannt und welches zuvor noch nie
ausgangen.
[There is no such tract in this volume.]
Die Leiter der Philosophorum, p. 127.
Das Kinderspiel [das Weiberwerck], p. 198.
Rosarium Philosophorum mit den Figuren,
P- 235-
Arnoldus, Schatz aller Schatze und das Rosarium
der Philosophorum, p. 447.
Arnoldus, Neues Licht [Novum Lumen], p. 476.
Arnoldus, Blume aller Blumen an den Konig von
Arragonia geschrieben [Flos florum], p. 493.
Arnoldus, Epistel iiber die Alchymia an den
Konig von Neapolis, oder zur Neustadt, p. 511.
Rogerius Baco, Anglus, von der wunderbarlichen
Gewalt der Kunst und Natur, &c., p. 517.
Curiously enough Kopp did not know either this
edition or that of 1750, and was not aware of the
connection of the book with the Ars Aurifera.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 324.
MORHOF (DANIEL GEORG).
D. G. Morhofl. De Metallorum Transmutatione ad Virum Nobilissimum &
Amplissimum Joelem Langelottum, Serenissimi Principis Cimbrici Archiatrum
Celeberrimum Epistola. Hamburgi, Ex Officina Gothofredi Schultzen,
Prostant & Amsterodami. Apud Joannem Janssonium a Waesberge.
M.DC.LXXIII.
8°. Pp. x68.
io8
MORHOF—MORIENUS
MORHO.F (DANIEL GEORG). Continued.
De Metallorum Transmutatione ad Joelem Langelottum Epistola.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 168.
Daniel Georg Morhof vom Goldmachen, oder physikaiisch-historische Abhand-
lung von Verwandlung der Metalle. Aus dem Lateinischen. Bayreuth, zu
finden bey Johann Andreas Liibeck, 1764.
8°. Pp. 136.
Wahrhaffter . . . Bericht von der Generation .
Danielis Georgii Epistel an Joelem Langelottum.
See c, (H. d.).
der Metallen
auf
1 08 Quaestiones Chemicse.
See HANNEMANN (JOHANN LUDWIG), Ovum-Hermetico-Paracelsico-Trisme-
gistum, 1694, p. 251.
cvin Problemata olim auton proposita.
See HANNEMANN (JOHANN LUDWIG), Pharus ad Ophir Auriferum, 1714, p. 161.
Morhof was born at Wismar, 6 Feb. , 1639. From
1660 to 1666 he^was professor of poetry at Rostock,
in 1666 he removed to Kiel as professor of poetry
and rhetoric, and in 1673 he was professor of
history. In 1680 he was made librarian, an office
for which he was admirably fitted, and which he
turned to the best account in his writings. He
would have been no exception to the rule that the
librarian who reads is lost, but he has been saved
by writing, and his account of libraries and library
work has made him an authority with the librarian
of to-day. He died at Liibeck, 30 July, 1691.
He was a man of very great learning, and of
sound critical judgment. His encyclopaedic read-
ing and knowledge are displayed in his chief work
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 554.
Acta Eruditorum, Julii, 1699, pp. 291-293 (review
of the Dissertationes).
Morhof, Dissertationes Academicce & Epistolicce,
1699, 4°. Appended to this is his life : ' Vita, qua,
. . . labores ejus Academici, & Scripta praecipue,
turn edita, turn edenda, . . . enumerantur : . . .
accedunt elogia . . .,' pp. 143 [i blank],
Reinhard Heinrich Rolle, Memoricephilosophorum,
oratoriim, poetarum, &c. , 1710, ii. p. 283.
Christianus Henricus, Vita eruditissimorum in
re literaria virorum, 1713, p. 282.
Niceron, Memoires, 1727, ii. p. 16 ; 1731, x. p.
79-
Die Edclgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 180.
Stolle, Anleitung zitr Historic der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 173, 499, 592, 598, 609.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metalliccr,
1732, p. 103.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrhcit,
1736, p. 29, &c. , &c. .
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 391, 392, 416, 484 ; iii. pp.
62, 239.
Polyhistor, which is a survey of learning on all
topics to his own time. The work first appeared
at Liibeck, 1688-92, the second edition in 1695, and
a revision of this at Liibeck in 1714. For it,
Johannes Moller — as full of erudition as Morhof
himself — wrote elaborate Prolegomena on Morhof s
life and works, including the Polyhistor. The third
edition appeared in 1732. To both of these
editions portraits of Morhof are prefixed.
In the Polyhistor he discusses alchemy and
chemistry, among a multitude of other subjects.
In his collected papers : Dissertationes Academica
et Epistolicce, 1699, 4°, there is a reprint of the
' De Metallorum Transmutatione Epistola,' pp.
245-302.
Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. pp. 560-1 ; iii.
pp. 453-488 (elaborate account).
Jocher, Allgetneines Gelehrten- Lex icon, 1751, iii.
col. 671 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnzun-
gen, 1813, iv. col. 2119.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 99.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 633.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1779, iii.
p. 171.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 91.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
P- 55°-
Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xxiv. , sub voce.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 419.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 205.
Ladrague, Bibliothtque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1233-34.
Prideaux, ' Library Economy (chiefly continental)
at the end of the Seventeenth Century,' The Library
Association Record, isth March, 1904, vi. pp. 129-
138.
MORIENUS.
Morieni Romani, quondam Eremitae Hierosolymitani, de transfiguratione
metallorum, & occulta, summaque antiquorum Phil osophorum medicina,
MORIENUS
109
MORIENUS. Continued.
Libellus, nusquam hactenus in lucem editus. Cum Privilegio, Parisiis, Apud
Gulielmum Guillard, in via lacobsea, sub diuae Barbarae signo, 1559.
4°. Ff. [a] 34.
Liber de Compositione Alchemiae.
See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . volumina, 1610, ii. p. 3.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 509.
Das Buch von der Zurichtung der giildenen Kunst.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. sig. Aij. recto, & p. I.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, ii. sig. AS recto, & p. 15.
Bericht von dem ersten Vrsprung vnd rechten Grund der Alchimey.
See CAESAR (THEOPHILUS), Alchimey-Spiegel, 1613, p. 14.
Entretien du Roi Calid et du Philosophe Morien, sur le Magistere d'Hermes.
See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii.
p. 56.
For what is known about Morienus' life and
adventures we are indebted to his own narrative
contained in the present book.
Morienus, a native of Rome, was living there
with his parents, and svas studying diligently, when
he heard of a philosopher, called Adfar, at Alex-
andria, who was reputed to know the Hermetic
mysteries. He had also seen some of his writings,
and so irresistible was his desire to understand
them, that he set off for Alexandria, discovered
Adfar after much searching, and became so
favoured by him that he was ultimately in-
structed in all the secrets. On the death of his
teacher, Morienus retired to the neighbourhood of
Jerusalem, where he lived a hermit's life. While
there he heard that Kalid, the son of Gezid, who
reigned in Egypt, was desirous to find some one
who could interpret for him the writings of Hermes
and of Adfar. He accordingly went to Egypt,
found Kalid surrounded by adventurers who pro-
fessed to be able to reveal all the mysteries, but
who could perform nothing. Morienus set to work
in a house which Kalid gave him, and when he had
finished the preparation of the elixir wrote on the
vessel containing it : ' Omnes qui secum omnia
habent, alieno auxilio nullatenus indigent,' left the
country and returned to his hermitage.
His abrupt departure caused Kalid great dis-
appointment, for he perceived what he had lost,
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni
/re, 1599, p. 141.
Maier, Symbola Aurea Mensa, 1617, p. 141.
Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum,
1652, p. 53 (Norton's Ordinall of Alchimy, chap.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 163, 249.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 12, No. xvii.
Keren Happuch . . . odcr Teutsches Fegfeuer
der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 54.
Boerhaave, Elementa Chemiae, 1732, p. 16.
Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce,
1732, pp. 104, 120.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 86-98, 465 ; iii. pp. 37,
45- 65. 239-
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lcxicon, 1751, iii.
col. 675 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganznn-
gen, 1813, iv. col. 2122.
and what no one else could supply. So the pseudo-
adepts were despatched — happily, by command of
Kalid, whose eyes had been opened. Then he set
about a search for Morienus, and after many years
succeeded at last in finding him and in obtaining
from him the key to the mysteries which he had
been so long anxious to possess.
So sought King Kalid of manie men,
Till he met with Aforien,
Which helped Kalid at his neede
His Vertues caused him to speede,
as Norton says in The Ordinall of Alchimy.
The ultimate fate of Morienus is unknown, but
his conversations with Kalid must have been com-
mitted to writing, and they may have come to the
West about the time of the Crusades. They were
in Arabic, but to make them available they were
translated into Latin in February, 1182, by Robertus
Castrensis, with a short preface. Jourdain has tried
to identify him with Robert de Retines.
By Arabic writers the teacher of Kalid is called
Marianus or Mourianus ; he is probably the same
as Morienus. See under Kalid Ben Jesid.
Morienus was the name taken by R. J. F. Schmidt
(q.v. ), as a member of the Leopoldine Academia
Naturae Curiosorum. Guillard published the second
edition : Parisiis, 1564, 4°, ff. [2] 66 [41]. The
added part contains Bernhardus' Responsio ad
Thomam de Bononia.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 115.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 76.
Beytrag enr Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 483.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen sur Historic
der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. p. 2.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 23, 24.
The Lives of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philo-
sophy, 1814, pp. 9-11.
Jourdain, Recherches critiques sur I' Age et
rOrigine des Traductions La tines d'Aristote,
Paris, 1819, p. 104.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p.
121.
L,a&ra.gue,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 682-683.
Lucien Leclerc, Histoire de la Mtdecine Arabe,
Paris, 1876, i. pp. 62-64.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 346, 353.
no MORITZ—MORLEY
MOR1TZ (PETER).
See AMOR PROXIMI.
Moritz is one of the authors to whom this tract He is belauded in the usual terms by Fictuld.
has been assigned.
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien , 1741, ii. Fictuld, ProHer-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 123.
pp. 424-427.
MORLEY (CHRISTOPHER LOVE).
Collectanea Chymica Leydensia, id est, Maetsiana, Margraviana, Le Mortiana.
Scilicet trium in Academia Lugduno-Batava Facultatis Chimioe, qua publice,
qua privatim, Professorum, nunc viventium, atque docentium, qui isthaec
discipulis suis, ex omni Europa illo confluentibus, per hos annos, non solum
ostenderunt, verum etiam suis verbis dictarunt. Opus, quingentis, & amplius,
processibus adornatum, omnibus & Medicis, & Chimicis, & Pharmacopasis,
imprimis utile; cum ob insignem plerorumque usitatiorum processuum
varietatem, turn ob novam, atque elegantem in singulis operandi rationem,
tribus his, tantisque viris, in usu habitam. Collegit, digessit, edidit, Christo-
phorus Love Morley, M.D. Anglus. Quis huic operi sit scopus, qua?
methodus, quinam Auctores, cseteraque quse Lectorem ignorare non expedit,
prsefatio indicabit. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Henricum Drummond,
M DC LXXXIV. Sumptibus J. A. de la Font.
4°. Pp. [32] 506. Index [21, i blank]. Vignette of a tortoise, with the motto :
Qui va piano va sano.
Collectanea Chymica Leydensia, Maetsiana, Margraviana, Le Mortiana. Olim
trium in Academia Lugduno-Batava Facultatis Chymicse, qua publice, qua
privatim, Professorum, viventium, atque docentium, qui isthsec discipulis suis,
ex omni Europa illo confluentibus, illis annis, non solum ostenderunt, verum
etiam suis verbis dictarunt. Ante hac collecta, digesta, edita, a Christophoro
Love Morley, M.D. Anglo. Nunc autem plurimis novis elegantioribus &
accuratioribus experimentis instructa & aucta, meliorem in ordinem redacta,
ubivis correcta, a superfluis Processubus mundata per Theodorum Muykens,
Med. Doct. Amstelod. Opus nulli non Physico-Medico, Chymico, & Pharma-
copaeo necessarium & perutile. Lugduni Batavorum, Sumptib. Cornelii
Boutesteyn & Frederici Haaring. M DC XCIII.
8°. Pp. [48, Engraved title included] 587 [37].
Collectanea Chymica Leydensia oder Aufserlesene mehr als 700. Chymische
Processe welche von Hn. Maetsio Margravio und le Mortio, ehedessen dreyen
beriihmten Professoribus der Chymie zu Leyden, denen damals aus alien
Theilen Europae gegenwartigen Autitoribus (sic) so wohl publice als privatim
nicht nur gewiesen sondern auch Miindlich dictirt worderi. Vor diesen von
Hn. Christoph Ludvvig Morleii. Med. Doct. aus Engelland zusammen getragen,
in Ordnung und ans Licht bracht, Nachmals durch Hn. Theodorum Muyckens
Med. Doct. zu Amsterdam mit vielen neuen schonen und accuraten Experi-
menten vermehret, in richtigere Ordnung gestellet, allenthalben verbessert und
von iiberfliifsigen Processen gesaubert Nun aber auf Ersuchen guter Freunde
MORLE Y—MORSIUS
in
MORLEY (CHRISTOPHER LOVE). Continued.
ins Teutsche iibersetzt, Welches alien Medicis, Chymicis, Physicis, Apotheckern
und jeden seine Gesundheit liebenden ho'chst nothig und niitzlich. Jena,
Verlegts Henr. Christoph Croker, 1696.
8°. Pp. [8, Frontispiece included] 724. The true pagination is 728.
Morley (called erroneously Christian by Jocher,
and Ludwig by his German translator) flourished
about 1680, was a doctor of medicine, and
F.R.C.P. He wrote ' De morbp epidemico tarn
hujus, quam superioris anni, id est, 1678 et
1679, narratio'; ' Disputatio de rachitide,' Lugd.
Bat., 1679, 4°, London, 1679, 1682, 1686, 12°,
which I have not seen, and the present work.
Manget, Bibliotheca ScriptorumMedicorum, 1731,
II. i. p. 362.
Stolle, Anleitung sur Historic der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 791.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetiqve, 1742, iii. pp. 239, 240.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
684 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganzungen,
1813, iv. col. 2134 (calls him Christian Lowe
Morley).
Besides the above other editions are mentioned :
Leyden, 1688, 4° ; Antwerp, 1702, 8°. The edition
of 1696 seems to be the first of the German transla-
tion. Others are enumerated : Jena, 1700,8°; 1726,
8°.
A review of the Collectanea is given by Manget
under THEODORUS MUYKENS (q.V.).
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii.
p. 470; 1788, iv. p. 131.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 28.
Gmelin, Geschichte der CAetnie, 1798, ii. p. 122.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Aledicin, 1848, i. p. 321.
Munk, Roll of the Royal College of Physicians,
1861, i. p. 418.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1894, xxxix.
p. 73 (by Dr. Payne).
MORSIUS (JOACHIM).
See NOLLIUS (HEINRICH), Via Sapientias Triuna, 1620.
See SUCHTEN (ALEXANDER VON), Tractatus de Vera Medicina, 1621.
Kornelius Drebbels Abhandlung von der Quintessenz von Joachim Morsius
herausgegeben im Jahre 1621.
See SCHRODER (F. j. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1772, I. ii. p. 291.
Morsius, a Hamburg patrician, was born 3
January, 1593. After his school years, spent in
his native place, he studied theology and polite
letters (to which he latterly was specially attracted)
from 1610 to 1613 at Rostock, and then at Jena and
other German universities. This he did with such
success that in 1615 he was chosen by the rector
and professors of Rostock University to be their
librarian. He undertook the office, but foreign
travel proved more attractive to him than literary
work, and in 1616 he set out on a ' learned '
journey, and stopped in Hamburg, Stettin, and
Leyden, and in 1617 he went to Pomerania, Den-
mark and Holland. In 1618 he visited France and
Italy, and in 1619 he was at Liibeck, Hamburg,
and Rostock, and also in Bremen, Westphalia,
Holland, and Belgium, and was present at the
Synod of Dordrecht.
He crossed to England this same year, and
resided in London, Oxford, and Cambridge. In
October, 1619, at Cambridge, he was enrolled
among the Masters of Arts, and acquired the
friendship of many illustrious men. He also
makes a boast of the great progress he had made
in chemistry.
In 1620 he returned to Leyden, and then to his
own country and people, where he lived for some
time. In 1627 he visited Copenhagen, and Leyden
once more in 1628.
As this constant travelling, not to speak of his
generosity to poor literary men, had made inroads
upon his patrimony, though considerable, he was
summoned in 1629 before the magistracy by his
irritated heirs and relatives as a man of unsettled
life, who wasted his means upon non-productive
learning and such like pursuits, and who should be
deprived of the control of them. Against this he
wrote a protest, which was printed in 1629, and
went off to Frankfurt a. M. and Strasburg.
He seems to have returned soon, for from 1631 to
1636 he made annual journeys to Denmark and
Holstein. He was again summoned about 1634 to
be restrained from administering his estates. His
defence and the part taken by his friends provoked
his relatives to such an extent that on his return
from Copenhagen in 1636 he was confined in an
asylum on the plea that he wasted his property and
was not sound in mind. He was kept here for four
years, and in 1640 was liberated by order of the
King of Denmark.
He left his native country and lived in Gltick-
stadt, Itzehoe, Kiel, and Ltlbeck.
In 1642 he was at the last-mentioned place, but
after that date Moller says that he was unable to
ascertain what had come of him. He may have died
in that year.
During his travels he made the acquaintance of
a multitude of people, and he kept an album (to
which Moller makes reference) in which were
autographs and various compositions by the people
whom he had met. He had a great reputation for
learning and ability, as can be gathered from the
dogia and complimentary verses written upon him,
as well as front the incidental allusions to him by
numerous writers, which are always in the warmest
terms.
He wrote several books, and edited a consider-
able number of works by various writers, but he
112
MORSIUS—MOR W YNG
MORSIUS (JOACHIM). Continued.
also left works which were never printed, as well as
some which were never completed. Lists of these
are given by Moller.
Among his printed books are the tracts by Nollius,
Drebbel, and v. Suchten, and among those that
were not printed was a collected edition of the
writings of Joh. Isaac Hollandus, Basilius Valen-
tinus, Roger Bacon, Guido Magnus, and other
alchemical philosophers.
One of the most important of his printed works
however is that which he wrote under the name of
Anastasius Philaretus Cosmopolita, which epithet
refers to his wide travels. It is a catalogue of two
hundred and twenty-eight manuscripts on theosophy ,
Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseudony-
inorum , \ 708 , Part i i. ' De Scriptoribus Pseudony mis, '
p. 500.
Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, i. p. 440.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
cols. 579, 690 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung and
Ergdnzungen, 1813, iv. col. 2145.
the cabala, magic, chemistry, medicine, and philo-
sophy, printed at Philadelphia, 1626, 4°.
This collection contained manuscripts of Para-
celsus and others relating to the Rosicrucians, and
Moller conjectures that the collection belonged to
Michael Maier or to Nollius, but to the catalogue
was added an account of the documents in Morsius'
own possession.
He also wrote an epistle to the Rosicrucians,
Philadelphia, 4°, without date. From these works
and references in his writings it is plain thas he was
deeply interested in chemistry or alchemy, and in
the subjects which were at that time associated
with it.
Freytag, Adparatus Litterarius, 1755, iii. pp.
321-326.
Thiess, Versuch einer Gelehrtengeschichte von
Hamburg, 1780, ii. p. 47.
Saxius, Onomasticon Literarium, 1782, iv. p.
325 (born 1593, died about 1642).
MORT QAKOB LE).
See LEMORT (JAKOB).
Conring, In uni-versam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 388.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 304, 336, 791.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 566.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 763.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii.
p. 428 (list of his writings).
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, pp. 27, 116.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller '/.eiten nnd Volker, 1886, iv.
p. 289.
MORVEAU (Louis BERNARD GUYTON DE).
Esame delle Affinita' Chimiche.
See DANDOLO (VINCENZO), Trattato Elementare di Chimica, 1792, Tomo III.
Guyton de Morveau was born at Dijon, 4 Janu-
ary, 1737. From 1755 to 1782 he was Avocat-
Geneial in the parliament there, professor of
chemistry from 1774 to 1787, and member of the
Academy. During the Revolution he occupied
various political positions in Paris. On the estab-
lishment of the Ecole Polytechnique in 1794, he
was appointed professor of chemistry, which post
he held till 1805. Subsequently he was Director
of the School and Administrator of the Mint.
From 1796 he was a member of the Institute. His
death occurred at Paris, January i or 2, 1816.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 47.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentatiomim, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Kes Metallica\ pp. n, 20, 24, 32, 33,
36, 40, 61, 66, 84, 86, 93, 101, 117, 120, 154, 158,
169, 170, 173, 174, 176.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratnr,
1806-08, pp. 392, 396, 397, 411, 430, 473, 554, 555.
Berthollet, Fune'railles de M, le Baron Guyton-
Morveau (Paris, 1816), 4°.
Biographie Universelle, 1817, xix. p. 262 ; n.d.
xviii. p. 296 (article by Cuvier).
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), iv- P- 555-
He was a member of the Commission with
Lavoisier, Berthollet and Fourcroy, which drew
up the new nomenclature of chemistry, Paris, 1787,
8 . He introduced chlorine as a disinfectant, was
joint editor of the Annales de Chimie, and he— or
rather his wife — translated Scheele's ' Essays,' and
Werner's 'Characteristics of Fossils.' His papers,
which are numerous, appeared in the Dijon Me-
moirs, Turin Memoirs, Memoirs of the Institute,
and Annales de Chimie.
QueYard, La France littiraire, 1829, iii. p. 561.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 317-
324, &c., &c.
Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale, 1859, xxii. col.
968.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
ivorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 981.
Hoefer, La Chimie enseignte par la Biographie
de ses Fondateurs, 1865, p. 123.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1869, ii. p. 545.
Kopp, Die Entwickelung der Chemie in der
netiern Zeit, 1873, pp. 87, 132, &c. , &c.
MORWYNG (PETER).
See GESNER (CONRAD), A new booke of destillatyon of waters, 1565.
MOR WYNG—MO UFET
He was subsequently appointed private chaplain
to Dr. Bentham, bishop of Lichfield, and on 25
Jan., 1559, was ordained prebendary and afterwards
canon of Lichfield, and well beneficed.
He translated Josephus' History of the Wars of
the Jews, besides the present work.
He was still living at Lichfield in May, 1579, and
was one of Bishop Bentham's administrators.
Wood, Athenee Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1813, i.
cols. 454, 526, 582 ; 1815, ii. col. 174.
MORWYNG (PETER). Continued.
Morwyng, a native of Lincolnshire, studied in
Oxford, graduated B.A., and was made perpetual
fellow of Magdalene College in 1552. He was a
famous Reformer, and when Queen Mary came to
the throne, he, like others, went abroad and lived
in Germany. On the accession of Elizabeth he
returned and was reinstated in his fellowship, and
in 1559 obtained the degree of M.A. , and was dis-
tinguished for his skill in Greek and Latin.
Tanner, Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, 1748,
P- 536.
Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 379.
MOSES.
Testament, oder der Fiirstlich-Monarchische Rose von Jericho.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 39.
Urim et Thumim Moysis.
See MENSENRIET, 1737.
Der von Mose und denen Propheten iibel urtheilende Alchymist.
See SCHMID (j. G.), 1706.
The name of Moses appears in some of the
Greek alchemical manuscripts, but he is a different
person from the Hebrew lawgiver. The latter,
however, was also claimed as a chemist and
alchemist, on the ground of the destruction of the
golden calf. Much controversy on this subject
was engaged in in the seventeenth century, and it
was even revived in the nineteenth, some holding
that the gold was dissolved, thereby implying on
Libavius, Commentariorum AlchymicE Pars
Prima, 1606, pp. 2, 15.
Maier, Symbola Aurea Mensce, 1617, pp. 59-61
(maintains that the destruction of the gold was not
effected by ' sharp waters ' or by the addition of
anything, and that Moses was a true chemist),
189-190.
Conriug, De Hermetica sEgyptiorum vetere ct
Paracelsicorum nova ' Medicina liber unus, 1648,
pp. 64, 142, 143, 161, 393.
Borrichius, De Ortit et Progressu Chemice, 1668,
p. 46.
Conring, De Hermetica Medicina, Libri duo,
1669, pp. 22, 41, 65, 158, 431.
Borrichius, Hermetis, Aegyptiorum et Chcmi-
cortim sapientia . . . vindicata, 1674, p. 225.
G. W. Wedel, Exercitationum medico-philologi-
carum Decades IX. , Jense, 1699, p. i.
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Tentsches Fegfeuer
der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. i.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graeca, ed. Harles, 1708,
i. p. 49.
Lambecius, Prodromus Histories literaries, 1710,
p. 151 (a tract on Chemistry).
G. E. Stahl, Opitsciilnmchymico-physico-medicum,
1715. P- 585-
Moses' part acquaintance with aqua regia, others
that it was merely mechanically subdivided.
By certain writers, as by Huetius, Hermes and
Moses were identified, and this subject is referred
to also by Fabricius and Libavius. See the refer-
ences under HERMES and compare JANITOR
PANSOPHUS.
The Greek writings which pass under his name
have been printed by Berthelot.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1723, Th. ii. p. 26 (meant
as an answer to the ' Fegfeuer ').
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, i. p. 18 ; iii. pp. 22, 240.
W. Herapath, ' Early Egyptian Chemistry,'
Philosophical Magazine, 4th Series, 1852, iii. p.
528.
J. Denham Smith, ' Early Egyptian Chemistry,'
Philosophical Magazine, 4th Series, 1852, iv. p.
142 (a reply to Herapath's paper).
Kopp, Beitrage zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869,
pp. 396-402.
Ladrague, Bibliothlque Owaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 647.
Berthelot, Les Origines de I 'Alchimie, 1885, pp.
54, 171 & passim.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 209 ; ii. p. 395.
Berthelot, Collection des Anciens Alchimistes
Grecs, 1888, i. pp. 16, 61, ty* passim ; ii. pp. 300-315
&» passim (writings in Greek) ; iii. pp. 287-302
(translation) <b* passim.
Berthelot, Introduction a I' Etude de la Chimie
des Anciens et du Mcyen Age, 1889, pp. 16, 61 6*
passim.
MOUFET (THOMAS).
De lure et Praestantia Chymicorum Medicamentorum Dialogus apologeticus :
Authore Thoma Mufetto Londinaie Anglo. Accesserunt etiam Epistolas
quaedam medicinales ad medicos aliquot conscriptae. Francofurti Apud
haeredes Andreas Wecheli, MDLXXXIIII.
8°. Pp. in [i blank].
II. H
114
MOUFET
MOUFET (THOMAS). Continued.
Dialogus Apologeticus de jure & praestantia Chemicorum Medicamentorum.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 64.
Epistolae Quinque Medicinales.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p.
Thomas Moufet, or Moufetus, or Muffet, or
Muffetus, or Mufettus, or Moffett, was born in
London, and was educated there and at Cambridge.
He matriculated at Trinity College, in 1569, B.A.
at Cains, 1572-73, and M.A. at Trinity, and then
went abroad (he was at Nurnberg and Frankfurt
in 1580), made the acquaintance of the most
eminent physicians and chemists and became
doctor of medicine at Basle. On his return he is
said to have acted as a physician in Ipswich, then
in London, where 'he fell into a great practice,'
and became a favourite of Peregrine Bertie, Lord
Willoughby of Eresbie, who took him in 1582 to
Denmark on the occasion of his conveying to the
king the Order of the Garter. On 22 Dec., 1585,
he was admitted a candidate of the Royal College
of Physicians, and on 29 Feb., 1588, Fellow, being
also appointed Censor. In 1591 he accompanied
the Earl of Essex in his expedition to Normandy.
He latterly lived at Bulbridge near Wilton in
Wiltshire, and, as is said, was private physician to
Pitseus, Relationum Historicaruin de Rebus
Anglicis, Tomus Primus, 1619 (De Illustribus
Angliae Scriptoribus), p. 916 (merely quotes the
present book).
Van der Linden, De Serif tis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 454.
Quenstedt, Dialogus depatrns tllustriumdoctrina
et scriptis virorum, 1654, p. 80.
Crato a Kraftheim, Consiliorum et Epistolarum
Medicinalium Libri Septem, Studio . . . Laurentii
Scholzii . . . in lucem editus (sic), 1671, iii. pp.
243-251 (Moufet's letters to Monavius).
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 557.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 1021.
Conring, In universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687 (cap. ix. §7), p. 284 (his work on
insects) ; (Add. c. ix. §7, **) p. 294.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 370.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicini-
schen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 64, 166, 553.
Niceron, Memoires, 1733, xxiv. p. 146.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 568.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 49, 241.
Tanner, Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, 1748,
p. 536.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 717.
Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 375.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 491.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 383.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicintz practice, 1774, i.
pp. 35. 96; 1777, ii. p. 257 ('peregrinator, doctus
vir, neque naturae ignarus ').
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique.de la Mtdecine,
1778, iii. p. 383.
Aikin, Biographical Memoirs of Medicine in
Great Britain, 1780, pp. 168-175.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 277, 310.
Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. pp.
170-174.
the Earl of Pembroke. He was Member of
Parliament for Wilton in 1597. By the favour of
the Countess Mary, he enjoyed a pension from the
Pembroke family. He died 25 June, 1605, and
was buried in Wilton Church.
His letters to Monavius were collected and
printed by Laurentius Scholzius, and some letters
relating to chemistry were printed in the present
volume. He wrote a work : Nosomantica Hippo-
cratea, Francof. , 1588, 8°, pp. [15] 194, which was
attacked by Theodore Collado, a French physician,
who set himself up as a defender of the ancients and
convicted all modern writers of being full of error ;
and he also made large additions to the Insectoritm
Theatrum of Gesner and Wotton, which was
published long after at London by Thomas Cotes,
1634.
Moufet was widely known and was ' esteemed
the famous ornament of the body of physicians and
the true pattern of all polite and solid literature.'
Brydges, Censura Literaria, 1808, vi. p. 143,
Art. vii. 'The Silkwormes and their Flies.'
Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812,
p. 88 (his work on insects).
Wood, AthencB Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1813, i.
col. 227, 574 ; 1815, ii. col. 175 ; 1817, iii. col. 396.
Bibliotheca Anglo-Poetica, 1815, p. 317, No. 667.
(The work here quoted is entitled : The Silke-
wormes and their Flies : Liuely described in verse,
by T. M. a Countrie Farmar, and an apprentice
in Physicke, London, 1599, 4°. The author was
unknown to the compiler of this catalogue, but
from the initials, the subject, and the dedication to
Marie Countess of Pembroke, the assigning of it to
Moufet, as is done by Lowndes, may probably be
justified. The book is assigned to Moufet, with a
query, in the British Museum catalogue. )
Rees, The Cyclopcedia, 1819, xxiv. sub voce.
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 301.
Biographie Universette, Supplement, 1843, Ixxiv.
p. 466 ; no date, xxix. p. 442 (article by Weiss).
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, "• P- a6 '<
1869, ii. p. 23.
Cooper, Athetxe Cantabrigienses, 1861, ii. pp.
400, 554 (and references).
The Gentleman' s Magazine, N.S. xxiii. pp. 376, 378.
Munk, The Roll of the Royal College of Physicians
of London, 1861, i. p. 84 (from Wood).
Nouvelle Biographie Gtnerale, 1865, xxxvi. col.
762.
'La.Ara.gu^Bibliotheqne Ouvaroft, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 1604-05.
Dictionnaire Encyclopddique des Sciences Mtftfi-
cales, 2eme Se'rie, 1876, x. p. 214.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragcn-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 295.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 525.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1894, xxxviii.
p. 101 (and references).
John Aubrey, Brief Lives, chiefly by Contem-
poraries, edited by Andrew Clark, 1898, i. p. 311;
ii. pp. 89, 218.
MULLER 115
MULLER (AMBROSIUS).
Paradeis-Spiegel.
See DREY Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, 1704.
Of Ambrosius Miiller's parentage, birth and bach's catalogue he seems to have been regarded
early years I have not met with any statement. On as the author of the three tracts in the above little
account of his religious opinions he was driven out book, whereas in reality he is the author only of
of Bohemia, and became a lacquey of Gustavus the first. He wrote another book entitled : Der
Adolphus, settled in Hamburg, and pretended that Teutsche Schutzenhof. ' From his diction one can
he possessed the secret of making gold In Uffen- see that he is no scholar.1
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer und deren Schrifften, Cothen und Dessau, 1757, iii.
der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 100. p. 553, No. 2618.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 200. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
Uffenbach, Bibliotheca, 1731, iv. p. 377. p. 498.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Rotermund, Fortsctzung und Erganzungen zu
Herm^tique, 1742, iii. p. 241. ... Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816,
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 115. v. col. 22. (Rotermund's account is copied from
Critische Bibliothek, Leipzig, 1755, m- St. 5» P- Dunkel's. )
405. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 376.
Johann Gottlob Wilhelm Dunkel, Historisch- Ladrague, BibliothequeOuvaroft, Sciences Secretes,
Critische Nachrichten von verstorbenen Gelehrten 1870, No. 1331.
MULLER (BALTHASER).
Niitzliche und bewahrte Destillier-Kunst, darinnen gehandelt wird, vom rechten
wahren Gebrauch, Natur, Krafft und Vermogen so wohl rarer als auch
gemeiner und gebrauchlichen Wasser, wie dieselbe von den Edelsten und
fiirtrefflichsten Krautern, von fleifsigen Haufshaltern, nicht alleine bereitet
und ausgebrennet, sondern auch von manniglichen vor allerhand innerliche
und auserliche Leibes-Gebrechen gleich einer Haufs Apothecken konnen
geniitzet und gebrauchet werden, alles aus langwieriger Erfahrung, auch
von den beriihmtesten und besten Medicis approbiret und bewehrt befunden,
in unterschiedlichen Tractaten zum Druck befordert von Balthaser Mullern.
Franckfurt am Mayn In Henning Grossens Buchladen, Im Jahr Christi 1692.
4°. Pp. 44, 76 [12]. Title red and black.
Haller cites a much earlier edition : ' Balthasar metallarii, Eisleben, 1605, 4°. Nimia elogia
Muller von rechtem wahren Gebrauch der gemein- aquarum destillatarum.'
sten 147. distillirten Wasser, opus Henrici Muller
Haller, Bibliotheca Mediciruz practices, 1777, ii. p. 379.
MULLER (PHILIP).
Miracula Chymica et Misteria Medica. Libris quinque enucleta (sif), quorum
summam pagina versa exhibet. Studio & Opera Philippi Mulleri Friburg.
Brisgoi, Philosoph. & Med. D. 1611. Cum Gratia & Privil. Sacr. Cses.
M. ad decennium. Ex Typographia Laurentij Seuberlichs Sumptibus
dementis Bergeri Bibliopolse.
12°. Pp. [23, i blank] 189 ( = 191, because 167-8 bis), [i blank]. Title red and
black. Vignette. 19 woodcuts of apparatus.
Miracula & Mysteria Chymico-Medica Libris quinq; (quorum summam pagina
versa exhibet,) enucleata. Studio & opera Philippi Mulleri Frib. Bris. Phil.
& Med. D. Editio quarta. Accesserunt his :
1. Tyrocinium Chymicum.
2. Novum Lumen Chymicum.
MULLER—M UFFA TZ
MULLER (PHILIP). Continued.
Summa horu, juxta seriem capitu & Tract: ad calcem invenienda est. Cum
Gratia & Privil. S. C. M. ad decennium. Wittebergae, Sumptibus Clement.
Bergeri. Typis Johannis Haken, 1623.
12°. Pp.
12 woodcuts.
Title red and black, with a border.
[22, 2 blank] 493 [4, i blank].
Pp. 151-190 are duplicated.
Tyrocinium Chymicum Johannis Beguini, p. 151 (for 191).
Novum Lumen Chymicum, p. 369.
The first edition of Miiller's book appeared in
1610. It passed through a large number of editions
both by itself and along with the Tyrocinium of
Beguinus and tracts by Sendivogius. The book is
pharmaceutical, and contains the preparation of a
number of substances, amongst which (p. 66) is
" Terra foliata secretissima " (potassium acetate).
Of the author of the present work Jocher gives a
notice, but it does not quite tally with Miiller's own
account. According to Jocher, Mttller was born at
Hertzberg, n Feb., 1585, where his father was
rector, devoted himself to philosophy and medicine,
was a licentiate of medicine, professor of mathe-
matics at Leipzig, and afterwards of physics, and
held other academic posts there, and died 26 March,
1659. He wrote works on astronomy and mathe-
matics. Jocher omits a letter, De usu Musculorum,
published by Gregor. Horstius in his Observat.
Medicinal. Singular, Lib. IV. Ulm., 1628, p. 540,
referred to by Mercklin, and he credits him with
the Tyrocinium Chymicum, which is by Beguinus,
and the Novum Lumen, which is by Sendivogius.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 406-
Ludovicus Jacob a Sancto Carolo, Bibliographia
Parisina, hoc est, Catalogus omnium Librorum
Parisiis annis 1643, fir5 1644, inclusiue excussorum,
Paris, 1645, p. 71.
Ludovicus Jacob a Sancto Carolo, Bibliographia
Gallica Vniversalis . . . Paris, 1652, p. 33.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 559.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 920.
Witte, Diarium Biographicum , 1688, Sig. Nnn
3 recto, 26 Mart. 1659.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriplorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 374.
Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomicee Specimen,
1734, p. 238.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Herm6tique, 1742, i. pp. 383, 477 ; iii. p. 241.
As both of these accompany Miiller's book in
several editions, this may have misled Jocher.
Moreover, as he has omitted all reference to
Miiller's own statement about his connection with
Freiburg in the Breisgau, and his being " Phil. &
Med. D.," I am inclined to infer that he has
confused two distinct persons, or, if not, that his
account is defective and inaccurate.
Haller has not simplified the matter. To a
Philip Miiller he has ascribed a work, De plantis iti
genere, Lips., 1607, 4°; 1609, 4° ; Miracula chymica,
Witteb., 1616 ; and Depoculo salutis, Jena, 1666.
These cannot well be all by the same person.
The first may be by the Leipzig professor described
by Jocher, the second is by Miiller of Freiburg, the
third may be by the Jena professor of theology.
But Haller also quotes Hieron. Kromayer's Pro-
gramma adfunus Philippi Muller, Lips. , 1659, 4°,
which tallies with the death year of the person
described by Jocher, but whether he is identical
with our author does not seem to me certain.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 740.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 405.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
P. 457 5 1779, "i- PP- 79. 202.
Weigel, Grundriss der reinen nnd angewandten
Chemie, 1777, i. p. 9 (quotes ' Phil. Mulleri nouum
tyrocinium chymicum . . . 1610, 12,' which seems
a confused and erroneous title).
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iii. p. 355.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 22.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
P- 599-
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 515.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, p. 482.
MULLNER (LEONHARD).
Griindlicher Bericht von der Generation und Geburt der Metallen.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i.
P. 313.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 101 (calls
him Miiller).
Ladrague, Bibliotheque
Secretes, 1870, No. 989.
Ouvaroff, Sciences
MUFETTUS (THOMAS).
See MOUFET (THOMAS).
MUFFATZ QOHANN).
See MEURDRAC (MARIE), 1676.
MULLER—MUND Y
MULLER (JOHANN ELIAS).
P^3 J°b. El. Mullers, D. Saxo-Goth. Christlicher und vernunfftmafsiger
Begriff, vom wahren Uhrsprung der Goldhervorbringenden Wunder-Materie,
oder des sogenannten Steins der Weisen bestehende in einer Meynung,
welche nicht allein der Ehre des Allerhochsten am beforderlichsten, und der
Wahrheit am nachsten ist, sondern auch zumahl zu ietzigen Zeiten (i.)
Einer Lands-Obrigkeit, (2.) Eines Landes samtlichen Einwohnern, (3.) Den
Besitzern des grossen Philosophischen Schatzes selbsten fast unschatzbare
Vortheile und eine rechte giildene Zeit ohne die geringste Unkosten, Hazard,
Miihe &c. verursachen kan. Franckfurt am Mayn, In Job. Ludwig
Gleditschens Buchladen daselbst zu finden, Ao. 1707.
8°. Pp. [16] 112. Title red and black.
He was a native of Gotha— Gotha Thuringus,
says Moller — who graduated in medicine at Erfurt,
3 Oct., 1703, and practised in Hamburg.
Schmieder gives the author's name in full as
Johann Eleasar Miiller (sic). But Lenglet
Dufresnoy and, after him, Gmelin refrain from
this, and retain the contracted form 'El.' His
' Disputatio inauguralis de casu monstrosi
affectus verminosi ' was published at Erfurt, 1702,
4U. A work addressed to Oliger Pauli in which he
professes to give the true meaning of the words :
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 242.
Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. p. 564.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 325.
' Eli Eli lama sabachtani,' was edited by Pauli,
without Muller's knowledge, and published^ 1703,
8°. According to Moller it displays the fanaticism
of the author much more than the marked skill in
theology and philology, of which he himself boasts.
A continuation of this work appeared in 1704, 8°.
Whether or not he be the same as Johann Elias
Muller, the translator of Abtala Jurain's Hyle und
Coahyl, I am unable to say, but it seems probable
that he is. The book, however, is not mentioned
by Moller.
Sch'mieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, ii. p.
SH-
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvo.ro/, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1339.
See JURAIN (ABTALA), Hyle und Coahyl, 1732.
MUNDANUS (THEODORUS).
Antwort.
See SCHRODER (F. j. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1771, I. i. p. 114.
See DICKINSON (EDMUND).
It was to Mundanus that Dickinson addressed
his ' Epistola de Quinta essentia Philosophorum. '
Somehow Horrichius has inverted this, and made
the epistle emanate from Mundanus. He says
that, as the letter evinces, Mundanus was without
dispute in possession of the philosophic magistcry,
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriplorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 44, No. Ixxii.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 238.
but he has expressed himself so obscurely that one
must ' gang warily ' to observe when he is speaking
in allegories and when stating matters of fact, and
he says of him : vir maturus judicio, pietate gravis,
& ab ineptiis seculi alienissimus, which is con-
siderable praise.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
242, 460.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1215.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 100 ; ii. p. 344.
MUNDY (HENRY).
BIOXPH2TOAOITA seu Commentarii De Acre Vitali De Esculentis De
Potulentis. Cum Corollario de parergis in Victu. Authore Hen. Mundy
Med: Oxonise, Impensis Jo: Crosley Bibliopol: 1680.
8°. Pp. [23, i blank], 362 [i, of advertisements, i blank].
Mundy, or Munday, or Mundey, son of Henry
Mundy, was born at Henley-on-Thames, in 1623.
He matriculated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford,
24 May, 1642, and was afterwards postmaster at
Merton. He received the degree of B.A., 2 April,
1647.
In May, 1656, he was appointed head-master of
the Free Grammar School at Henley, and was very
successful. As he entered, however, on the practice
of medicine, the school fell off, and he might have
tieen dismissed but for his accidental death, 28 June,
1682. Returning from a visit to John, Lord Love-
lace, he fell from his horse, and died from the
injuries he received. His age was about 58, and he
was buried in Henley church.
The present work appears to have passed through
n8
MUND Y—MURRA Y
MUNDY (HENRY). Continued.
several editions, if the following list be correct:
Oxford, 1680, 1685 ; London, 1681 ; Frankfurt,
1685 ; Leipzig, 1685 ; Leyden, 1685 (hardly 1615,
as it seems to be misprinted in the ' Dictionary of
National Biography').
Schelhammer patronizes the book ; he says it is
elegant, he would even go the length of saying it
was useful, so long as the author keeps to bare
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 397.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 423 (Schelhammer's criticism,
cap. xiii. 8).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 571-
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 608.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 670.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, p.
469.
statement of facts, but when he goes off into
explanations of their nature he is not always to be
agreed with. Schelhammer takes special exception
to his views about air, for he seems to have
followed Mayow's theory about a nitrous spirit in
it, which did not at all commend itself to Schel-
hammer, but which he criticises in no measured
terms.
Wood, A thence Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1820, iv.
col. 49 ; Fasti, 1820, ii. col. 101.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 536 (Ley-
den, 1685, edition).
Foster, Alumni Oxoniensis, 1500-1714, 1892,
vols. iii. and iv., p. 1045.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1894, xxxix.
p. 297 (under Munday).
.MURR (CHRISTOPH GOTTLIEB VON).
Christoph Gottlieb von Murr Litterarische Nachrichten zu der Geschichte des
sogenannten Goldmachens.
Nostro Saeculo, qui artem auriferam crepant, imperitisque, earn se tenere,
persuadere conantur, omnes sunt fumiuenduli, lucripetae, quorum
animos vanae gloriationis et nummorum cupido obsedit. Guern.
Rolfincii Chemia, pag. 436.
Leipzig, bey Paul Gotthelf Kummer. 1805.
8°. Pp. vi, 154.
Von Murr was born at Niirnberg, 6 Aug., 1733.
For many years he resided in Holland, England,
France, and Italy, and then he returned to Niirn-
berg, where from 1778 he held the office of superin-
tendent of weights. He died at Nurnberg, 8 April,
1811.
He was a voluminous author, and a list of eighty-
two works by him was published by Rotermund.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 706
(a work on Chinese Anatomy).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter-
mund's Fortsetsung und Erganzungen, 1816, v. col.
2IS-
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
542, 600.
Besides the above he wrote another work relating
to alchemy and Rosicrucianism : Uber den wahren
Ursprung der Rosenkreuzer und des Freymaurer-
ordens, Sulzbach, 1803, small 8°, pp. 160.
Kopp commends the above work because it gives
valuable information about events which happened
in Germany.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•uiorterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 243.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 478, 1533.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 167, 199, 233 ;
ii. p. 1 80.
MURRAY (JOHANNES ANDREAS).
Apparatus Medicaminum tarn Simplicium quam Praeparatorum et Compositorum
in praxeos adjumentum consideratus. Volumen Primum. Auctore Jo:
Andrea Murray D. Equite Ord. R. de Wasa Consiliario R. Brit. Aulse Professore
Medic, et Botan. Ord. in Acad. R. Getting. Prsefecto Horti R. Botan.
Societatum Scientiarum Getting. Stockholm. Upsal. Gotgenb. Lund. Florent.
Lugdun. Divion. Aurel. et Batavo-Flesing. Medicarum Paris. Nanc. et
Haun. Ac Oeconomicarum Bern. Cell. Georgoph. et Paris. Membro.
Venetiis Typis Sebastian! Valle MDCCXCV. Superiorum Permissu.
8°. I. pp. xvi, 336; II. pp. 240; III. pp. 272; IV. pp. 296 ; V. pp. 272; VI. pp. 136'
MURK A Y—MUSAEUM
119
MURRAY (JOHANNES ANDREAS). Continued.
On 27 January, 1740, Murray was born at Stock-
holm. His early education till he was sixteen
years of age was acquired in Stockholm and
Upsala. In 1759 he travelled in the south of
Sweden, crossed to Copenhagen, in 1760 went on
to Gottingen, where he continued his studies and
graduated in 1763. The year following he was
made extraordinary professor, in 1768 he became
magister philosophise, and in 1769 ordinary pro-
fessor of Medicine and inspector of the Botanic
Garden. The order of Wasa was conferred on him
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 456.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chfmica, 1782, p. 114.
Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon
der jetztlebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1796, ii.
p. 644 ; 1786, Supp. i., pp. 452, 750; 1787, Supp.
ii. p. 257; 1788, Supp. iii. p. 258; 1791, Supp. iv.
pp. 476, 855 ; 1795, Supp. v. p. 1022.
Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 309 (calls him ' Jean-Adolphe ' Murray).
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mlde-
cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 617.
in 1780, and in 1782 the rank of councillor followed.
He died 22 May, 1791 (1793).
His works are numerous ; they deal with medi-
cine, materia medica, botany, and cognate subjects.
Among these, which are all meritorious, the
present treatise on the materia medica takes the
first place, and it is commended by the historians,
while the author himself has been styled the most
learned and most judicious of all who wrote on the
materia medica in the eighteenth century.
Biografiskt Lexicon ofver Namnkunnige Svenska
Man, Upsala, 1843, ix. pp. 198-200.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1845, iii. pp. 93,
299. 357, 358. 366-
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Midicale, 1855, ii.
p. 645.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, p. 653.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences M£di-
cales, 2eme Se'rie, 1876, x. p. 482.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 545.
MUSAEUM Hermeticum Reformatum et Amplification, omnes sopho-spagyricae
artis discipulos fidelissime erudiens, quo pacto summa ilia veraque Lapidis
Philosophici Medicina, qua res omnes qualemcunque defectum patientes,
instaurantur, inveniri et haberi queat. Continens Tractatus Chimicos xxi.
praestantissimos, quorum nomina et seriem versa pagella indicabit.
In gratiam filiorum doctrinae, quibus Germanicum idioma ignotum est,
Latina lingua ornatum. Francofurti et Lipsiae, MDCCXLIX.
4°. Pp. [12] 862 [i, i blank]. Forty-one illustrations in the text, mostly symbolical.
Frontispiece and engraved title included in the pagination. Four folding engraved
plates with letterpress.
Tractatus Aureus de Lapide Philosophico, p. i.
Henricus Madathanus, Aureum Seculum Redi-
vivum, p. 53.
Hydrolithus Sophicus, seu Aquarium sapientum,
P- 73-
Joannes de Mehung, Demonstratio Naturae, p.
MS-
Nicolas Flamel, Summarium Philosophicum,
p. 172.
Via Veritatis Unicae, p. 181.
Gloria Mundi, seu Tabula Paradisi, p. 203.
Tractatus de Generatione Metallorum, p. 305.
Liber, cujus nomen Alze, p. 323.
Lambspring, De lapide Philosophorum Figurre
et Emblemata, p. 337.
Michael Maier, Tripus Aureus, hoc est tres
Tractatus Chimici Selectissimi, p. 373 : nempe,
Basilii Valentini . . . Practica una cum XII.
Clavibus et Appendice, p. 377.
Thomae Nortoni Crede mihi seu Ordinale, p.
433-
Cremeri Testamentum . . . figuris cupro
affabre incisis ornati, p. 533.
This collection was first published : Francofurti,
Sumptibus Lucas Jennisii, 1625, 4°, pp. [16] 445
[2 with engravings, i blank], Lambspring, pp. 35
[i blank]. The general title-page has an engraved
border, representing the four elements, the sun and
moon (gold and silver) and some emblematical
designs. Each tract has an engraved title-page
included in the pagination. Lambspring's tract,
though dated 1625 and printed uniform with the
Michael Sendivogius, Novum Lumen Chemicum
e Naturae Fonte & manuali Experientia depromp-
tum, p. 545.
Michael Sendivogius, Enigma Philosophicum,
P- 585-
Michael Sendivogius, Dialogus Mercurii, Alchy-
mistae et Naturae, p. 590.
Michael Sendivogius, Novi Luminis Tractatus
alter de Sulphure, p. 601.
Philaletha, Introitus Apertus ad occlusum Regis
Palatium, p. 647.
Michael Maier, Subtilis Allegoria super Secreta
Chymiae, p. 701.
Philaletha, Metallorum Metamorphosis, p. 741.
Philaletha, Brevis Manuductio ad Rubinum
Coelestem, p. 775.
Philaletha, Fons Chymicae Veritatis, p. 799.
Joannes Fridericus Helvetius, Vitulus Aureus
quern Mundus adorat et oral, p. 815.
Janitor Pansophus, seu Figura ^inea quadri-
partita cunctis Museum hoc introeuntibus, superi-
orum ac inferiorum scientiam Mosaico-Hermeticam,
analytice exhibens, p. 863.
rest of the book, has separate signatures and
pagination.
Of the tracts above enumerated this first edition
contains only the first ten, namely from the
' Tractatus Aureus ' to Lambspring's verses, in-
clusive.
A revised and much enlarged edition appeared
fifty years later : Musaeum Hermeticum Reforma-
tum et Amplificatum, Francofurti, Apud Her-
120
MUSAEUM—MYLIUS
MUSAEUM Hermeticum. Continued.
mannum a Sande, 1678, 4°, pp. [12, including the
engraved title and a plate] 863 [i]. Four folding
plates.
The general title has an engraved border similar
to that in the first edition, and it is dated 1677.
The tracts have each a title-page included in the
pagination. The engraved title-pages of the pre-
vious edition are repeated in this, but of the added
tracts some have only printed titles.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Ph.ilosoph.ie
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 47.
This edition contains all the tracts above
enumerated, the present edition of 1749 being
merely a reprint of that of 1677-78.
The Hermetic Museum was translated into
English by Arthur Edward Waite, and published
at London by James Elliott & Co., 1893, 2 vols.,
4° ; vol. i. pp. xi. [i blank] 357 [3 blank] ; ii. pp.
[8] 322 [2 blank]. Only 250 copies were printed.
Kopp Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 341.
MUTONUS (NICOLAUS).
See MANLIUS DE BOSCHO (JOANNES JACOBUS), Luminare Majus.
Mutonus' father came from Lucca, but he him-
self was born by the shores of Lake Lugano, early
in the sixteenth century. He was a keen botanist,
and collected plants from almost everywhere in
Italy. He seems to have practised in Milan and
to have devoted himself to pharmacy, and
Joh. Georg. Schenkius, Biblia latrica, seu
Bibliotheca Medico., 1609, p. 420.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
*637, p. 373 (about ' Mithridate ').
Kbnig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 563.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 840.
Conring, In universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, cap. xi. §8, p. 373.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 391.
he wrote a commentary on Mesue, and edited the
above collection of pharmaceutical writings. An
edition of Venice, 1556, fol., is quoted, and he was
also the author of a work : ' De Mithridatii legitima
constitutione Collectanea,' i55i,enlargedby Michael
Doring, and published at Jena, 1620, 8°.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 575-
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 785.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. pp. 306,
426.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practical, 1777, ii.
pp. 88, 397.
MUTUS Liber.
See ALTUS.
MUYKENS (THEODOR).
See MORLEY (CHRISTOPHER LOVE), Collectanea Chymica Leydensia.
Muykens or Muyckens was born at Amsterdam
in 1665, studied at Leyden, and graduated there in
1691 ; settled at Amsterdam in practice, and brought
out the Collectanea in 1693; went to Groningen in
Gelehrten-Zeitungen, 1721, p. 263.
Mangel, Bibliotlieca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 391.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 576.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 239, 240.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
p. 786.
1706 as professor of anatomy, botany, and
chemistry, and died there in 1721.
He re-edited and enlarged Morley's book.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1788, iv.
pp. no, 131.
Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der
Nederlanden, 1869, xii. p. 1190.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker^ 1886, iv.
P- 325-
MYCONIUS (ACHATIUS).
Kurtzer Bericht vom Stein der Gesundheit und des Reichthums.
See RISUGDASBIUS (SAMUEL), Gesprach vom Stein der Weisen, 1747, p. 20.
MYLIUS (JOHANN DANIEL).
loannis Danielis Mylii Vetterani Hassi M.C. Opus Medico-Chymicum :
Continens tres Tractatus siue Basilicas : Qu orum prior inscribitur Basilica
MYL1US—MYNSICHT 121
MYLIUS (JOHANN DANIEL). Continued.
Medica. Secundus Basilica Chymica. Tertius Basilica Philosophica.
Francofurti, apud Lucam lennis, 1618.
4°. Pp. [8] including the engraved title and the author's portrait. Each tract
has a separate title and pagination, viz. :
. . . Tractatus Primus. Seu Basilica Medica continents Tres Libros seu Partes de
salutifera Mediciua Antiqua Hippocratica : i. Physiologiam. 2. Pathologiam.
3. Therapeuticam. succincte demonstrat. Francofurti apud Lucam lennis.
M.DC.XVIII.
Pp. [36] 428. Vignette.
. . . Tractatus II. Seu Basilica Chymica continens Lib. VII. i. Anatomiam
Auri. 2. Argenti & Mercurij. 3. lovis, Martis ac Veneris. 4. Tractat de gemmis.
5. Examinat mineralia. 6. Vegetabilia resoluit. 7. Animalia explicat. Francofurti
apud Lucam lennis. M.DC.XVIII.
Pp. [247, i blank] 184, 492. [Vignette of a Laboratory.] Three folding symbolical plates.
[Basilica Philosophica continens Libros Tres. i. Philosophprum ac Sapientum
antiquorum Consilia super Lapidem Philosophorum, seu Medicinam universalem.
2. Chymicorum Vasa et Fornaces. 3. Qucedam Philosophorum obscura. Pp. [88] 271
[i] 44-]
This copy wants the Basilica Philosophica. An index to this work was published in 1630 at
Frankfurt.
loannis Danielis Mylii, Vetterani Hassi, M.C. Antidotarium Medico-Chymicum
Reformatum : Continens Quatuor Libros distinctos. Quorum
I. Generaliora in pharmaciam requisita explicat.
II. Tractat de quibusdam exoticis in nostris Basilicis omissis.
III. Tradit prsecepta Galenic. & Chymicorum de praeparatione medica-
mentorum.
IV. Resoluit formas & diuidit medicamenta tam Galen, quam Chymicorum.
Francofurti Sumptibus Lucse lennis. M.DC.XX.
4°. Pp. [12] 1044. Index [71, i blank]. Title within an engraved border, with
portraits of Hermes, Geber, Morienus, R. Lullius, Roger Bachon, Paracelsus, with a
mine and an apothecary's shop. Portrait of Mylius, with books and apparatus.
Mercklin quotes also an edition of 1638, 4°.
See BURNETT (DUNCAN), latrochymicus, . . . Studio ac Opera Joannis Danielis
Mylii, 1616.
Mylius, from the Wetterau, calls himself Theol. Anatomia Auri, sive Tyrocinium Medico-
et Med. Candidatus. He was a physician and Chymicum, Francof., 1628,4°.
chemist early in the seventeenth century, and wrote Pharmacopeia Spagyrico-Medica, Francof., 1628,
several other works on iatro-chemistry, which are 8°.
enumerated by Mercklin. Philosophia Reformata, Francof., 1622, 4°; 1638,
4°-
Konig, Dibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 564. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practice, 1777, ii.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 567. p. 477.
Jacob Leu folds Prodromes Bibliothecce metallic^, Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gekhrten
1732, p. 105. und Schrtflsteller Geschichte, 1794, ix. pp. 335-338.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 519.
Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 386 ; iii. pp. 235-236, 242, Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 335 ;
243. (There are entries both under Milius and 1869, ii. p. 327.
Mylius.) Hirsch, Biographisches Lfxikon der hervorra-
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, ii. genden Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv.
col. 793 ; Rotermund's b'ortsetzung und Erganz- p. 327.
ungen, 1816, v. p. 312. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 600.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 340.
MYNSICHT (HADRIANUS A).
D. O. M. A. Hadriani a Mynsicht alias Tribudenii, Germani, Comitis Palatini,
Phil, et U. Med. Doct. P. L. Caes. et Diversorum S. R. Imp. Principum
Consil. & Archiatri, Thesaurus, et Armamentarium Medico-Chymicum. Hoc
122 MYNSICffT
MYNSICHT (HADRIANUS A). Continued.
est selectissimorum, contra quosvis morbos, pharmacorum conficiendorum
secretissima ratio. Propria laborum experientia, multiplici & felicissima
praxi confirmata, & nunc una cum remediorum virtute Usu, & Dosi, doctrinae,
& sapientiae filiis fideliter revelata & communicata. Cui in fine adjunctum est
Testamentum Hadrianeum de Aureo Philosophorum Lapide. Cum Privilegio
S. Caes. Majest. & Sereniss. Electoris Saxoniae. Lubecae, Impensis Augusti
Johannis Beckeri, Typis Haeredum Schmalherzianorum, Anno M.DC.LXII.
4°. Pp. [ro] 530 [52, 2 blank]. The pagination is irregular. Testamentum (in
verse), 24.
U. O. M. A. Hadriani a Mynsicht alias Tribudenii, Germani, Comitis Palatini,
Phil, et U. Med. Doct. P. L. Caes. et Diversorum S. R. Imper. Principum
Consil. et Archiatri Thesaurus et Armamentarium Medico-Chymicum. Hoc
est selectissimorum, contra quosvis morbos, pharmacorum conficiendorum
secretissima ratio, propria laborum experientia, multiplici & felicissima praxi
confirmata, & nunc una cum remediorum Virtute, Usu, & Dosi, doctrinae, &
sapientiae filiis fideliter revelata & communicata, Cui in fine adjunctum est
Testamentum Hadrianeum de Aureo Philosophorum Lapide. Cum Privilegio
S. Caes. Majest. & Sereniss. Electoris Saxoniae. Francofurti. Impensis &
Typis Balthas. Christoph. Wustii, Ann. M.DC.LXXV.
8°. Pp [16, portrait and engraved title included] 525 [54] 22 [2 blank].
The Testamentum Hadrianeum (in verse) is added as an appendix in this edition also.
Aureum Seculum Redivivum.
See MADATHANUS (HENRICUS).
The first edition of the Thesaurus was published which was Siimenicht or Seumenicht. He was a
at Hamburg, 1631, 4°, then at Liibeck in 1638 and physician and chemist, count palatine, imperial poet
1646. Other editions are: Rothomagi, 1651, 8°; laureate in 1631, councillor and body-physician to
Francofurti, 1658, 4°, in two parts ; third edition Adolph F'riedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg, and to
corrected, Venetiis, 1696, 8° ; Hanau, 1726, 8° ; several other German princes. The Thesaurus
translated into German, Stuttgart, 1682, 8°. Edi- contains a description of the preparation of a
tions with the Mantissa of Car. Musitanus, Frank- number of medicines discovered by him and still
furt, 1675, 1701, 8°, 1707. (I75i) in use by the apothecaries. He wrote also
The author was born in 1603 at Ottenstein in the under the pseudonym" of Henricus Madathanus
Brunswick district. At Helmstadt he took the (</-v-).
degree of doctor of medicine, under the name of He was the first to prepare tartar emetic from
Tribudenius. After he was ennobled he called roasted antimony sulphide and cream of tartar,
himself Mynsicht, which is a transposition of though this is not admitted by Hoefer.
Symnicht, itself a modification of his real name, His death occurred in Oct., 1638.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
1637, p. 192. col. 794 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
Ludovicus Jacob a Sancto Carolo, Bibliographia ungen, 1816, v. col. 322.
Gallica Universalis, hoc est Catalogus omnium Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
Librorum per universam Gallia Regnum, anno p. 598.
MDCLI. excusorum, Paris, 1652, p. 33. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 106 (calls
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 387. him Andreas).
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
Introduction 1687, p. 377 (cap. xi. 12 ***). pp. 497, 612.
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 573.
der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 91. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 25), vi. p. 313 (list of editions of the Thesaurus).
1731, II. i. p. 401. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen p. 288.
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 777, 778. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, "• P- 24^ ;
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 1869, ii. p. 237.
p. 577. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 90,
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 112; 1844, ii. p. 114; 1847, iv. pp. 189, 351.
Herme"tique, 1742, iii. pp. 47, 237, 243. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 289.
M YNSICHT—MYREPSUS
123
MYNSICHT (HADRIANUS A). Continued.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, p. 484.
Ladrague,Z?/W/W/z<ty«£ Ouvarof, Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 1255.
Hirsch, Biographize he s Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p.
327-
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, xi. p. 601.
MYREPSUS (NICOLAUS).
See PR.«POSITUS (NICOLAUS).
Nicolaus Myrepsus, or Alexandrinus, a native
of Alexandria, flourished in the thirteenth century,
and was one of the latest Greek medical writers.
His period is not difficult to fix, for while, on one
hand, his authorities are known, on the other,
passages are found in the works of Pietro d'Abano
and other writers early in the fourteenth century
which correspond with his. He was private
physician at the court of the Emperor, Johannes
Ducas Vatatzes (1222-1255) at Nicsea, and lived
long enough to mention Pope Nicolaus III. (1277-
1280).
In the course of his travels he seems to have
paid a visit to the already old school of medicine
at Salerno, and there to have become acquainted
with the Antidotarium of Nicolaus Praepositus,
with whom Myrepsus has been confused by more
than one writer. Haller, indeed, though he does
not confuse them, seems to be of opinion that
Praepositus was subsequent to Myrepsus, ' quod
150 capita ex Myrepso descripserit. ' But there is
some misapprehension here on Haller's part, for
though Choulant possibly exaggerates the interval
when he says that Praspositus preceded Myrepsus
by two hundred years, there were at least a hundred
and thirty years, more or less, between them. In-
fluenced by the Antidotarium Myrepsus set himself to
work up a treatise of the same kind, and in carrying
out his design he laid under contribution not only
Praepositus, but also Actuarius and Mesue, and
collected everything on his subject to be found in
the medical writers down to his time. His work
was divided into forty-eight sections, and contained
two thousand six hundred and fifty-six remedies
for all kinds of diseases.
Wolfgang Justus (Jobst), Chronologia sive Tern-
porum Supputatio omnium illustrium Medicorum,
Francophurti ad Viadrum, 1555, pp. 106, 144
(Nicolaus Praepositus).
Spachius, Nomenclator Scriptorum Medicorum,
1591, p. 185.
Castellanus, Vita Illustrium Medicorum, 1617,
P- 134.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, P- 373-
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medtca, 1679, pp.
33^, 261^.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovalus, 1686, p. 840.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 374.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graeca, 1711, iv. p. 581 ;
1724, xii. p. 575 ; 1726, xiii. p. 4 (account of him,
followed by a list of the authorities he mentions),
P- 346.
Freind, The History of Physick, 1725-26, i.
pp. 292-3 ; ii. p. 211.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 401.
Stolle, Anleitung sur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 101.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lcxicon, 1740,
P- 577-
Various judgments — or 'censures,' as they used
to be termed— have been passed on the work, some
strongly adverse, others more favourable. One
says that it shows the depths to which Greek
medicine had fallen, and Justus says that it was
compiled when superstition and barbarism were
rampant. If that be so, Myrepsus can hardly be
held responsible for corruptions of language and
superstitious matter contained in his book. He
was merely a voice of his time. On the other hand
he is commended for the mention of substances
and medicines which are not to be found in other
writers, and it would appear that, so far from the
work not being widely known as is asserted by one
authority, it was, in France at least, a sort of
standard book. In the archives of the Faculty of
Medicine at Paris there is a scheme for regulation
of apothecaries, according to which every master
apothecary should have a copy, revised by the
Faculty.
The book has not been printed in the original
Greek. It was translated, as Fabricius states (xiii.
p. 346), by Nicolaus Rheginus, and it was first
published under the following title : Nicolai Alex-
andrini liber de Compositione Medicamentorum,
ed. J. Agricola Ammonius, Ingolstadt, 1541. Sub-
sequently with Myrepsus' name it was again
translated into Latin by Leonhard Fuchs and
printed at Basel in 1549, fol., and other editions
mentioned are : Lugdun., 1550, fol. ; Paris., 1567,
8° ; in Medicas Artis Principes, Francof. , 1626, fol.
Tom. i. p. 338, and under the title : Theatrum
Medico-practicum, Noriberg. , 1658, 8°.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrlen- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 795.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la M4decine,
1755, ii. p. 205 ; 1778, iii. p. 367.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 166 ;
1772, ii. p. 638.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 113.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1776, i.
pp. 324, 526.
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literdrge-
schichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 103, § 109.
Choulant, Handbuch der Bucherkunde fur die
Geschichte und Literatur der dlteren Medicin,
1841, pp. 156-158.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp.
126, 1 80.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mcdicale, 1855,
i. p. 115-
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, pp. 84, 359, 394, 395, 404.
Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, 1856, iii. p. 381.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1875, i. p. 480.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller /.eiten und Volker, 1886, iv.
p. 328 •
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 605.
124 MYSTERIUM
MYSTERIUM Magnum oder : Der durch die Gnade Gottes gefundene sicherste
und unbetriiglichste Weeg den Lapidem Philosophorum oder so genannten
Stein der Weisen zu bereiten. Aus besonderer Freundschafft von einem
wahren Adepto communiciret, ohne dessen Wissen und Willen aber aus
besonderen Ursachen zum Dienst unwissender und ungeschickter Laboranten
zum Druck befordert von einem In Allen Stucken Wahrhafften Francken.
Anno M.DCC.XXXIX.
8°. Pp. 28 [2 blank leaves ; i amissing],
This is a large title for a very small tract, upon an edition of 1740 is given ; the writing is assigned
which a former owner has written " ist sehr un- to Jane Leade, and ' der wahre Adeptus " is said to
wahrhaft." It is quoted in the Beytrag with the be Pordage. Fictuld is Ladrague's authority for
remark "ein klein unbedeutender Aufsatz." It is this. See LEADE (JANE).
just mentioned by Schmieder, and by Ladrague
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 106. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 544.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
p. 666. Secretes, 1870, No. 1364.
MYSTERIUM occultae Naturae. Das ist : von der herrlichen und edlen Gabe
Gottes, der Sternfliissigen Blumen defs kleinen Bawerfs, oder Universal
Brunquels der Metallen, so Gott der Allmachtige Schopffer unter alien
erschaffenen Creaturen, mit so wunderlichen Krafften und Tugenden begabet,
auch desselbigen subjecti wunderbarliche resolution, dadurch alle Welt eine
heilsame allgemeine Medicin, zu rettung ihrer Gebrechligkeiten haben
mochten, umb dessenthalben defs hochsten Gottes Heiliger Nahme, von uns
schwachen Creaturen moge hochgeehret und gepreiset werden. Allen
frommen und Gottsfiirchtigen Liebhabern der hochberiihmbten und herrlichen
Kunst Chymise zugefallen, dieses Tractatlein an Tag gegeben durch einen
Trewhertzigen Liebhaber der Koniglichen Kunst Chymiae verfertiget, dessen
Nahmen folgendes Anagramma begreifft. Harr gewifs Trost von Gott.
Hamburg, Gedruckt bey Michael Pfeiffern, In Verlegung Christian Guths.
Buchf. Im Jahr 1657.
8°. Pp. [54, 2 blank].
This is a sort of exposition of the ' little country- its author, 'though small, it is full of arch-lies,'
man ' by Grasshoff, whom the author styles in his and so on.
tract ' his preceptor.' The author's name is given The Beytrag says : "A very useful book for ' par-
in the anagram, the introductory verses are by ticularists " and masters of the second-class, who
J. F. H. S., i.e Johann Friedrich Hautnorthon, prize the "big and little countrymen" like the
Suecus, whose real name was Harprecht. Bible ! '
Fictuld is most severe : the book testifies against Kopp has not mentioned it amongst books of
like title.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
1697, P- 35- P- 6l8.
Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophif Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Hermtiique, 1742, iii. p. 73. Secretes, 1870, No. 1259 (reprint in the Theatruin
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 101. only, see the following).
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 350.
MYSTERIUM Occultae Naturae Anonymi Discipuli Johannis Grassei Chortalassei
dicti de duobus floribus astralibus Agricolae minoris in ejus Area Arcani
Artificiosissimi contends.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 523.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 619.
See GRASSHOF (JOHANN).
This is a translation of the preceding tract, omitting the verses by Hautnorthon.
N. v. E. I. (I.}— NAHUYS 125
N. v. E. I. (I.).
See NAXAGORAS (EHRD DE), Alchymia Denudata, 1728.
N. (S.)-
See VAUGHAN (THOMAS).
NACHKLANG.
See v. (j. R.), M.D., Giildene Rose, No. xi.
NADASTI (TEODORO).
Trattati Teorici-Pratici, ne' quali con tutta la distintione, e chiarezza possibile
si favella del Secreto, o sia Medicina universale de' Metalli imperfetti, che
tanto hanno occultato gl' altri Filosofi. Opera di Teodoro Nadasti, data in
luce per beneficio comune di tutti gli Amatori della Verita, al lume della
quale potranno avvedersi de' loro errori, e non piu caminare nelle tenebre
dell' ignoranza, e sfuggire T imposture, ed inganni de' falsi Ermetici.
In Cosmopoli, 1718. Per gli Heredi di Francesco Bonaventura.
8°. Pp. [8] 191 [i].
Though the book is written in Italian it is not spiracy against the King of Hungary (see Alexius
impossible that the author was a Hungarian, con- Horanyi, Memoria Hungarorvm et Provinclalittm
nected with the noble family Nadasdi or Nadasti, a scriplis editis notorum, Viennae, 1776, ii. p. 667,
distinguished member of which was Ferencz, who and for the trial and execution of the conspirators
lived in the seventeenth century and published in a curious little volume entitled The Hungarian
1664 a work on the Kings of Hungary. This same Rebellion, London, 1672, 12°). To the present
Ferencz was executed in 1671, along with Serin or writer I have seen no reference.
Zrin, and Frangepan or Frangepani, for a con-
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiii. col. 320 (an account of the family).
NAHUYS (ALEXANDER PETER).
Alexandri Petri Nahuys A. L. M. Philos. & Medic. Doctoris Tractatus Chemicus
continens nova quaedam Experimenta cum Basi Salis Marini, Nitri et
Aluminis. Pars Prima. Amstelodami, Apud Joannem Schreuder & Petrum
Mortier Juniorem. MDCCLXI.
8°. Pp. [8] 48.
Followed by : —
Oratio de Quoestione ilia : Utrum Uroscopus ex sola Urinne inspectione Morbos
quorumvis ^Egrotantium rite detegere, iisque ex Arte mederi possit. Publice dicta
Harderovici in Auditorio Majore, Die 30 Junii M DCC LXI. [By Nahuys.]
8°. Pp. 48.
126
NAHUYS—NA TURGEMASSER
NAHUYS (ALEXANDER PETER). Continued.
Nahuys was born in 1737 at Monnikendam,
studied at Harderwyk, and graduated Phil. D. and
M.D. in 1761. After travelling in France he
settled at Hoorn and then at the Hague as a phy-
sician. In 1771 he went to Harderwyk as professor
of medicine, and in 1775 to Utrecht in the same
capacity. From the Academy at Lyons he received
the double prize for an investigation into the in-
jurious properties of the air in hospitals and prisons,
for which he proposed a remedy. It was published
in Dutch at Haarlem, 1770, 8°, as well as in a
Latin translation at the same time. In a Dissertatio
de aqua origine ex basibus aeris puri et inflamma-
bilis, Traj. ad Rhen., 1789, 8°, he tried to show that
water is produced by the union of vital and inflam-
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp.
554-555. 734 I i799» '»• P- 286-
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, in.
(Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 8, 61, 84.
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu
. . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816,
v. col. 356.
Ho&kr,^Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 377 ;
1869, ii. p^ 369.
mable air. There is a German translation by J. A.
Scherer, Vienna, 1790. He is the author also of
the following :
Oratio de religiosa plantarum contemplatione,
acerrimo ad divini numinis amorem et cultum
stimulo, Utrecht, 1775, 4°.
Verhandling over een bijzonder middenzout uit
de mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Verhandl.
van het Utregtsch. Genootsch., iv.).
Verhandl. over den waren aart van het rotte-
kruid(//*. id.).
Andwoord op den Vraag : Is het phlogiston een
waar beginsel der lighamen ? (Ib. v. ).
He died at Utrecht, 6 April, 1794.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 251.
Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der
Nederlanden, 1868, xiii. p. 37.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv.
P- 333-
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 618.
NAMREMMIZ (HEINRICH THEODOR).
See ZIMMERMAN (HEINRICH THEODOR).
NARDIUS (JOANNES).
De Prodigiosis Vulnerum Curationibus.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 605.
Giovanni Nardi, or Joannes Nardius, was born
in Montepulciano in the Florentine district, gradu-
ated in medicine at Pisa, practised in Florence
with so great reputation that he was called the
Florentine ^Esculapius, and he and his works
formed the theme of laudatory verses by his con-
temporaries. He was a member of the Society of
Apathistae. He wrote the following :
Lactis physica Analysis, Flor., 1634, 4°.
Apologeticon in Fortunii Liceti Mulctram, vel de
duplici calore, Flor., 1638, 2° and 4°.
De igne subterraneo physica Prolusio, Flor.,
1641, 4°.
Giulio Negri, Istoria degli Scriltori Fiorentini,
Ferrara, 1722, fol. p. 829.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 404.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 392.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P. 58°.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 816 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz-
ungen, 1816, v. col. 374.
NARRHEIT.
Geschichte der menschlichen Narrheit.
See ADELUNG (JOHANN CHRISTOPH).
NATUR und Kunst (Von der).
See H. (j. c.).
NATURGEMASSER Beweifs von Gold und Silber.
See s. (J.).
De rore, disquisitio physica, Flor., 1642, 4°.
De voce, disquisitio physica, Flor., 1642.
Noctium Genialium physicarum, Annus primus,
Bonon., 1655, 4°.
He published also an edition of Lucretius, with
a paraphrase and notes, Florent. , 1647, 4°, with
nine plates of antiquities.
The tract on dew is commended by Morhof.
Nardius had also observed the effect of water on
lead, and objected to the use of leaden vessels in
chemical operations.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 463.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 381.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 361.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicincz practice, 1776, i.
P- 83 ; 1777, ii. p. 609.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Hislorique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iii. p. 371.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 603.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 631.
NAXAGORAS 127
NAXAGORAS (£HRD DE).
Alchymia denudata revisa et aucta, oder: Dafs bifs anhero nie recht geglaubte,
durch die Experienz nunmehro aber wiircklich beglaubte und aus alien Zweiffel
gesetzte neu iibersehene und vermehrte oder in vielen besser erklahrte Wunder
der Natur, nebst angehangter ausfuhrlichen Beschreibung der unweit Zwickau
in Meissen zu Nieder-Hohendorff und anderer umliegenden Orten gefundenen
Goldischen Sande. vorstellend, welchergestalt aus unterschiedenen allhier
aufrichtig mit Nahmen genannten Materien, wie auch auf unterschiedene Art
und Weise in der That und Wahrheit eine Universal-Median auf menschlichen
Leib und zur Verbesserung der Metallen, zu bereiten, Wie auch dafs ausser
dem Fonte universal} aller Philosophorum Schrifften ungeachtet, dennoch ein
hochst-nutzbahres und grossen Profit tragendes Particulare zu erlangen sey ;
Alles nach langwierigen dem Studio Chymico obgelegenem Fleisse, theils mit
Augen gesehen, theils mit Handen selbst gemacht, und des von vielen sich
darauf beruffenden Philosophischen Fluchs ungeachtet, um erheblicher
Ursachen willen und andern zu einem guten Exempel in dergleichen mit
Experimenten nachzufolgen an Tag gegeben, von J. N. v. E. I. Romischen
Rittern und Comite Palat Leipzig und Stralsund, Verlegts Samuel Gottlieb
Lochmann, An. 1728.
8°. Pp. [30] 202. Title red and black.
The Ausfiihrliche Beschreibung der unweit 1728, and in the order of the author's initials
Zwickau . . . gefundenen Goldischen Sande, p. 161, I. N. V. E. I. etc., instead of I. E. V. N. I. etc. of
has a title-page which is a transcript of that of the the edition of 1696. See below,
edition of 1696. The only difference is in the date,
The second part has the following title :
Der ini guten Ruff und Auffnehmen stehenden, auch zu vielen mahlen schon frisch
wieder aufgelegten Alchymiae Denudatre, oder : Des bifsanhero nie vecht geglaubten,
durch die Experienz aber nun wiircklich beglaubten und aus allem Zweiffel gesetzten
Wunders der Natur Anderer Theil, vorstellend worinnen eigendlich der Vortheil der
im ersten Theile erwiesenen Wahrheit der Transmutation oder geringerer Metallen in
bessere und vollkommene beruhe, und wie an denen alldorten unterschiedenen aufrichtig
mit Nahmen genenneten Materien, wie anch auf unterschiedene Arth und Weise nicht
nur in der That und Wahrheit eine rechte und weit hohere Universal-Medicin auf
menschlichen Leib, sondern auch zur Verbesserung der Metallen, als alldorten ange-
wiesen worden, zu bereiten, indem er specialiter anweiset, wie effective oder wiircklich
zum Fontem Universalem zu gelangen. Ebenfalls alles nach langwierigen und in die
etliche dreyssig Jahr dem Studio chymico obgelegenem Fleifse, so wohl mit Augen
gesehen, als mit Handen, durch die Gnade Gottes, dem ew. Lob und Danck dafur
gesaget sey, nun selbst gemacht, und aus Ursachen, wie in der Vorrede gedacht werden
wird, an Tag gegeben von J. N. v. E. & G. Romischen Rittern und Comite Palatine.
Leipzig, verlegts Joh. Sigmund Straufs, Buchhandler in Hof, i72[8].
8°. Pp. [20] 348 [? 4 blank, wanting].
[Another Copy of the first tract]
Alchymia Denudata appeared at Breslau, 1708, ' Die entlarvte Alchemic,' 1713. 8°, by the notorious
1716; Leipzig and Wismar, 1723; Leipzig and Baron von Klettenberg (q.v.), ' one of the craftiest
Stralsund, 1728 (the present copy); Leipzig, 1769. impostors of his time,' was compiled from the
Kopp has given an account of certain of these. present work, and it is added that a comparison of
According to the Beytrag (p. 654) the book called the two will show the truth of this statement.
Ehrd de Naxagoras, Joh. Equit. Roman, aurat. ac Sacri Palat. & Aulae Later.
Comitis Aureum Vellus, oder Guldenes Vliefs : Das ist, ein Tractat,
welcher darstellet den Grund und Ursprung des uhralten giildenen Vliefses,
worinnen^dasselbe ehemahls bestanden und noch, was vor eine gefahrliche
weite Reise deswegen angestellet worden, und von weme, auch wie es endlich
128 NAXAGORAS
NAXAGORAS (£HRD DE). Continued.
zu einer allerhochsten Ritter-Orden gediehen, durch wem und warum solche
billig alien andern Orden wegen ihrer Vortrefflichkeit vorzuziehen, und wie
solche unmafsgeblich auch in der That zugleich wieder auf den alten Fufs
zu restituiren und zu setzen sey, so dafs auch das Erstere wieder bey solcher
hohen Orden ware. Und zugleich Deo Gratias, wegen der bifs anhero,
vermittelst seiner Gottlichen Gnaden und Seegen, durch die unwidersprechliche
richtige Concordanz der Philosophorum Hermeticorum endlich noch erfundene
Warheit und Moglichkeit derselben Kunst. Wie auch Ultimum Vale bey der
gantzen Welt, in Specie aber all denjenigen, welche bifs anhero seine Schrifften
werth geachtet, mit dem Versprechen, wo er ein- oder den andern bey seinem
Leben particulariter noch dienen kan, sonderlich denen er nic'ht vollkommene
Satisfaction gegeben hatte, sie sich aber gleichwohl hofflich aufgefiihret, er
nichts ermanglen werde ; und zugleich ein Beschlufs aller seiner nach der
Harmonic der Philosophorum heraus gegebenen Tractsetgen, so meist in
einem kurtzen Begriff ex veris Philosophis sincere extractum & ipso facto
nunc comprobatum, bestehen. Franckfurth am Mayn, zu finden bey den
Stockischen Erben und Schilling, 1731.
8°. Pp. 60 [4] 384. Title red and black. Symbolical plate hand coloured. Pars
Altera, pp. 320.
This is the first edition. The plate belongs to the supplement which was added to the second edition.
Ehrd de Naxagoras, Joh. Equit. Roman, aurat. ac Sacri Palat. & Aulae Later.
Comitis Aureum Vellus, oder Giildenes Vliefs : Das ist, ein Tractat,
welcher darstellet den Grund und Ursprung des uhralten giildenen Vliefses,
worinnen dasselbe ehemahls bestanden und noch, was vor eine gefahrliche
weite Reise deswegen angestellet worden, und von weme, auch wie es endlich
zu einer allerhochsten Ritter-Orden gediehen, durch wem und warum solche
billig alien andern Orden wegen ihrer Vortrefflichkeit vorzuziehen, und wie
solche unmafsgeblich auch in der That zugleich wieder auf den alten Fufs
zu restituiren und zu setzen sey, so dafs auch das Erstere wieder bey solcher
hohen Orden ware. Und zugleich Deo Gratias, Wegen der bifs anhero,
vermittelst seiner Gottlichen Gnaden und Seegen, durch die unwiedersprechliche
richtige Concordanz der Philosophorum Hermeticorum endlich noch erfundene
Wahrheit und Moglichkeit derselben Kunst. Wie auch Ultimum Vale bey der
gantzen Welt, in Specie aber all denjeningen, welche bifs anhero seine Schrifften
werth geachtet, mit dem Versprechen, wo er ein oder den andern bey seinem
Leben particulariter noch dienen kan, sonderlich denen er nicht vollkommene
Satisfaction gegeben hatte, sie sich aber gleichwohl hofflich aufgefiihret, er
nichts ermangeln werde ; und zugleich einen Beschlufs aller seiner nach der
Harmonic der Philosophorum herausgegebenen Tractaetgen, so meist in
einem kurtzen Begriff ex veris Philosophis sincere extractum & ipso facto
nunc comprobatum, bestehen. Editio Secunda. Cum Supplemento Aurei
Velleris vermehret. Franckfurt am Mayn, bey Stocks Seel. Erben und
Schilling, 1733.
8°. Pp. 60 [4] 384. Pars Altera, pp. 320. Folding title, red and black, printed
across two pages.
NAXAGORAS 129
NAXAGORAS (£HRD DE). Continued.
The supplement has a separate title as follows :
Ehrd de Naxagoras. Job. Equit. Roman, aurati &c. Supplementum Aurei
Velleris bestehend in einer freundlichen Antwort an den ungenannten Authorem der
unlangst in Druck herans gegebenen Tabulas Smaragdinoe. Wie solche in der Hiero-
glyphica oder der Egyptischen Bild-Schrifft vermittelst einer absonderlichen derselben
geheimen magischen Figur nicht allein bezeichnet, sondern was auch von einigen Hoch-
gelahrten Philosophis und theils Medicis davon geschrieben worden Welche Antwort
darinnen beruhet und insonderheit beweiset, wie Hn. D. Nentners Explication meist
gantz unrecht, anderer mehrern Authorum zu geschweigen, und hingegen den wahren
Grund gedachter Taffel vollstiindiger und richtiger nach der That und Warheit ausfiihret,
weil auf solcher die gantze Hermethische Philosophic beruhet, indem sie gleichsam der
wahren Chymicorum ihr Moses mit seinen zweyen Taffel Gesetzen und Rechten, woran
auch derselben Propheten alle hangen. Franckfurth am Mayn, Bey Stocks seel.
Erben und Schilling, 1733.
Pp. 62. Engraved plate, separate.
Tabula Smaragdina, from the Aureum Vellus Nenter's version and translation, pp. 24, 25.
(Rorschach, 1598), p. 23. Reimen, p. 56.
Ausfiihrliche Beschreibung der umweit Zwickau in Meifsen, zu Niederhohendorff
und anderer umliegenden Orten gefundene Goldischen Sande, wie selbige und
durch wen sie erfunden worden, warum sie nach gemeiner Art nicht, aber auff
Chymische Weise und wie sie zu gute zu machen, darbey zugleich ein Experi-
ment den von aller Welt oder den gantzen Alchymistischen Reiche so gar
hoch verlangten Mercurium Metallorum zu bereiten, wie nicht weniger der
Metallen und Mineralien Tinctur zu extrahiren, und in eine geistliche so wohl
auff menschlichen Leib angenehme Medicin als auch andere geringere
Metallen gradirende Substanz zu exaltiren, und endlich weswegen das Werck
bifs anhero dennoch liegen blieben, Allen Liebhabern der Curiositaten zu
dienlicher Nachricht und sonst selbst eigener erheischender Nothdurfft willen
zum offentlichen Druck befordert von I. E. [V.] N. E. A. ac. S. P. & A. L. C.
In Verlegung defs Autors 1 696.
8°. Pp. 64. Title-page a little wormed.
Chymischer oder Alchymistischer Particular-Zeiger, das ist : Treuer Unterricht
vom Gold- und Silber-machen, vermittelst welchem einer, der sonst sein Brod
erwerben mufs, blofs durch die eine Zeither nach einander, von einem und
andern Authore in offentlichen Druck befdrderte dem Ansehen nach geringe
Zinnober Experimenta zu einen (sic) hochstnuzbaren und bewehrten Stiicke
gelangen, und sein nicht nur nothdiirfftiges ehrliches Auskommen, sondern
auch reichl. Interesse, in kleinem Verlag mit gutem Gewissen und unge-
krancket seinem Nechsten im Jahr heraus finden oder verdienen konne.
Allen Ignoranten, so die Transmutation oder Maturation der Metallen aus
blossen Eigendiinckel verkleinern und lastern zum Truz, denen jenigen aber,
so bereits in Chymia oder Alchymia stecken, u. daran selbst zu zweifeln
anfangen wollen, zum hochsten Nuz aus herzlicher wohlmeynenden Intention
an Tag gegeben von I. N. V. E. J. E. A. S. P. C. Dritte Auflage.
Rostock und Leipzig, zufinden bey Joh. Heinrich Rufsworm, 1715.
8°. Pp. [16] 79 [i blank]. Title red and black.
At the end :
Waldenburg, in der Grafschafft Schonburg druckts Johann Theodorus Heinsius,
Hochgrafl. Schbnburgl. Buchdrucker.
II. I
130 NAXAGORAS
NAXAGORAS (£HRD DE). Continued.
Kopp quotes editions of Rostock, 1706, 1707, The edition of Rostock, 1726, I have not seen.
1715, 1716, 1726. He saw only the first two : That now before me is of Stockholm and Leipzig,
pp. '[13] 75. Although they agree page for page, 1726, 8°, pp. [16] 77 [3 blank],
they are different and do not form two issues of the
same edition with different title-pages.
Experientia Naxagorse, secundum Annulos Platonicos et Catenam Auream
Homeri. Worinnen der wahrhaffte Process, die Universal-Medicin zu elabor-
iren, so wohl vor den menschlichen Leib, als die Metalla zu verbessern ;
klar und aufrichtig vor Augen lieget Franckfurt am Mayn, Auf Kosten
guter Freunde, und in Commission bey Domenico von Sand, 1723.
8°. Pp. [8] 184.
Sancta Veritas Hermetica, seu Concordantia Philosophorum consistens in Sale
et Sole vel Mercurio et Sulphure, das ist : Die ehemals excerpirte und darauf
mit eigener Hand experimentirte Sonnen-klare Wahrheit der Philosophen
Schrifften, vermittelst welcher Ich Ehrd von Naxagaras, Johann. Eques, in
diesem 1700. Seculo durch die mir von oben herab verliehene Gnade und
Barmhertzigkeit Gottes zu der Erkanntnifs des hochsten Geheimnisses dieser
Welt, menschlicher und metallischer Gesundheit gelanget; Ehemalen mehr
mir selbsten zur Erinnerung meiner gehabten Speculationen und Arbeiten, als
anderer Ursachen willen, also auffbehalten ; Nunmehro aber ohne alles Lob,
weil das Werck sich selbsten riihmen wird, durch offentlichen Druck, alien
rechtschaffenen Filiis Doctrinae, aus wohlmeynendem und treuem Hertzen, zum
Besten gegeben, auf dafs sie wissen mogen, in was vor Puncten die wahren
Philosophi iiberein kommen, oder wie viel derselben, und welche es sind, weil
sie einhellig schreiben : Quod nullibi veritatem scripserint, quam ubi con-
venerint Brefslau, Bey Johann George Stecks seel. Wittib. 1712.
8°. Pp. [32] 902 (for 912). Title red and black, printed across two pages.
In the Vorrede, the author states briefly how he came to study alchemy and his fortune therein.
See KONIGLICHE Hermetische Special-Concordanz, 1723.
Besides the preceding there are ascribed to real name was Neidhold or Goldhold, and that he
Naxagoras Fama Hermetica^ 1714 ; Abgetrungene was the editor only of the Concordans, the author
Urtheils-Fragen, 1715, 1717; and Ultimum Vale, having died at Danzig during the plague. The
This last, so far as I know, is not separate, same statement was made later on by Fictuld :
but occurs in the title of the Aureum Vellus. that " Naxagoras called himself Niethold, or some-
His works seem to be rare, as Kopp got them times Nichthold." Whether the correct form be
only in the libraries of Breslau, Frankfurt a. M. , Niethold or Neithold is immaterial : they obviously
and Rostock. confirm one another. Fictuld adds that he called him-
The name is fictitious and Weller did not know self a Silesian nobleman, but, whoever he might be,
the real author. No more apparently did the he was in the Fictuldian formula ' an arch-deceiver
author of Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, for and a master of sophistry : he had not a hair's
he quotes a story of a transmutation from the girth of chemical truth, and was ignorant of the
'Concordantia' of 'a quite new writer, calling materials and true method, and his works deserve
himself Naxagoras.' Kopp says, however, that he to be burned.' To them individually he applies
was informed that in certain volumes in the Breslau such epithets as 'abortion,' 'rhodomontade,'
town library the name of the author is given in 'babblement.'
manuscript as Neidhold and as Johann Neithold, Petraeus without any hesitation ascribes Alchy-
while in one in the Rostock University Library mia denudata and Sancta Veritas Hermetica to
there is the inscription 'Naxagoras or Neithold.' Joh. Erh. Neithold.
Kopp does not seem to have observed that this Kopp has a long note upon Naxagoras in which
information had been published for at least a he gives an account of most of his books and their
century and a half. The author of the book : Die editions, and discusses his name and its resemblance
unvorsichtig verlohrne . . . philosophische Brief to Anaxagoras. He suggests that the letters which
Tasche, 1728 (g.v.), says (p. 78) that he could follow the initials I. N. are those of the titles which
discover nothing about Naxagoras, except that his are given in full in the Aureum Vellus, or some
NAXA GORA S—NAZARI
NAXAGORAS (£HRD DE). Continued,
modification of them. This, I think, is correct.
He also makes reference (p. 220) to a MS. described
in the Catalogusmanuscriptorumchemico-alchemico
. . . curiosorum, Vienna, 1786, No. 311, which
contains Naxagoras' process. I have not seen this
edition, but in the Catalogus manuscriptorum . . .
of 1788 (q.v.) there is one, p. 277, No. 364 : Annuli
Platonis, Catena Homeri, et Naxagoras experi-
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 277.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallic^,
1732, p. 106.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiii. col. 1358.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 245-246.
Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 102.
Petraeus, Fr. Basilii Valentini . . . Chymische
Schriften, 1769, ' neue Vorrede,' sig. f 2 recto.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 649, 650. 654, 655.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 314.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litferatur,
1806-08, pp. 222, 226, 243, 256 (under Joh. de
entia, written and dated August, 1712. In a note
it is said that this is the MS. of the well-known
Naxagoras. This entry does not seem to be the
same as that of the 1786 catalogue, for Kopp, who
was interested in the A urea Catena Homeri, would
hardly have overlooked the present significant col-
location, and besides the numbers do not tally in
the two editions.
Neidhold, or Neidholdt, or Neidtholt or Neidt-
hold).
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu
. . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816,
v. col. 420 (quotes three or four works only, and
suggests his identity with Nazari !)
Schmieder, Geschichte derAlchemie, 1832, p. 516.
Weller, Index Pseudonymorum, Leipzig, 1862,
p. 215 (an ' unmasked pseudonym ').
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1351-55, 1444.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 244, 248; ii.
pp. 208-220, 333, 367, 382, 396.
NAZARI (GIOVANNI BATTISTA).
Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni Tre, di Gio. Battista Nazari Bresciano ;
Nel primo de quali si tratta della falsa tramutatione sofistica :
Nel secondo della vtile tramutatione detta reale vsuale :
Nel terzo della diuina tramutatione detta reale Filosofica.
Aggiontovi di nuovo la Concordanza de Filosofi, & loro Prattica: Nellaquale,
si vede i gradi, & termini di esso diuino magistero, & della verissima Com-
positione della Filosofia Naturale, con laquale ogni cosa diminuta si riduce al
vero Solificio, & Lunificio. Con vn copioso Indice per ciascun sogno de gli
Auttori, & delF Opere c'hanno sopra di cio trattato. In Brescia, Appresso
Pietro Maria Marchetti. M.D.XCIX. Con licenza de' Superior!.
Aldine anchor as vignette. 15 woodcuts in the text, some
4°. Pp. [16] 231 [i].
of them very grotesque.
P. 159 : Canzone di Rigino Danielli lustinopolitano.
la Filosofica arte del precioso Lapis de Filosofi.
Nellaquale si tratta tutta
The ' Concordanza de Filosofi ' includes the
following tracts :
Rosario de Filosofi, p. 169.
Novo Lume, p. 211.
Libro Chiamato Magisterio et Allegrezza, all'
inclito Re d'Aragona, il quale e il Fiore de Fiori,
& Tesoro piii di tutti incomparabile, & Margarita,
p. 220.
Epistola al Re di Napoli, p. 229.
These are ascribed usually to Arnaldus de Villa-
nova.
The first edition : // Metamorfosi Metallico et
Humane, Brescia, 1564, forms a small 4° of 34
leaves with two or three grotesque woodcuts. It
contains two ' sogni ' or dreams, and the con-
cluding poem of Uanielli.
In the edition of 1572, 410, pp. 167 [i blank, 7,
i blank], another ' sogno ' is added, and the
second of the preceding edition becomes thereby
the third. The book besides is rearranged and
revised.
The 1599 edition is a page for page reprint of
that of 1572, but the ' Concordantia de Filosofi,'
pp. 169-231, is added.
The 1564 edition contains (ff. 25 verso — 27 verso)
a list of alchemists and alchemical books. This is
given in a greatly enlarged form in the subsequent
editions, pp. 135-144. It is of interest as showing
the extent of the literature at the time.
Dufresnoy says Nazari had read an infinity of
authors, even those little known, and had worked
at the subject for forty years, though probably not
practically, in which case ' he was not so foolish as
he might have been." But he blames him for de-
scribing spurious operations which possibly helped
to ruin the people who tried them, a criticism
he repeats in vol. iii. Dufresnoy also says that the
first edition of his ' Concordance des Philosophes '
is of 1572 ; the second, much enlarged, is of 1599.
If by the ' Concordance des Philosophes ' he means
the present work, he is wrong as to the title ; but if
he means the 'Concordanza,' then he is wrong
about the first edition, for it appeared only in 1599.
In vol. iii. pp. 244-245, he quotes the present
edition of 1599, and the ' Concordanza ' of the same
date as distinct from it, but as its continuation,
which is more correct. He does not seem to have
known the edition of 1564. His criticism is smart,
but empty ; but it might have been tolerated if he
had recorded something about Nazari.
Schmieder has merely copied and condensed
Dufresnoy, and he too makes a separate publica-
132
NAZARI—NEA NDER
NAZARI (GIOVANNI BATTISTA). Continued.
tion of the ' Concordanza dei filosofi,' Brescia,
I599. 4°.
Rotermund ascribes to him : Discorso della
futura et sperata vittoria contra il Turco, Venet.,
1570, 4°, besides the Sogni tre, 1599. He says that
he is perhaps the same person as Naxagoras, quite
overlooking the fact that there is an interval between
them of more than a hundred years.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 165.
Leonardo Cozzando, Litraria Bresciana, 1694,
p. 115.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 313-15, 474 ; in. pp. 244-
45-
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. 299.
Cozzando says that Gio. Battista Nazari — pre-
sumably the same person — with much pains and
study succeeded in putting before the eyes of ' new
Brescia' the appearance of 'old Brescia,' its build-
ings and temples, in a work called ' Brescia Antica '
which was often printed, the last edition then being
in 1658, 4°.
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungcn zu
, . . Jochers attgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816,
v. col. 421.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 294.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 131 ;
1869, ii. p. 126.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 353.
NEANDER (THEOPHILUS).
Heptas Alchymica Das ist: Aufserlesene Philosophische Tractatlein von dem
Magisterio Lapidis, so zum Complement, des Promtuarii Alchymiae Herrn D.
Joachimi Tanckii weyland vornehmen Professoris bey der loblichen Vniversitet
zu Leipzig gehoren, vnd zu vorhergegangener Biicher deutlichen Verstand
dienen vnd notig seyn, auch hiebevor in offenen Druck nicht gesehen worden.
Jetzo aber der edlen Kunst Alchymiae zu ehren, denn auch den filiis vnd
discipulis Hermeticis zum besten produciret vnd an tag gebracht, Durch
Theophilum Neandrum Tessanum Chymiatrum. Gedruckt zu Hall, In
Henning Grofsen Buchladen zu Leipzig zu finden, Im Jahr: 1621.
8°. Pp. [16] 430, misprinted 130. The pagination is irregular. Title red and
black. Woodcut. Each tract has a separate title.
Lob der Alchymiae (Introductory verses).
I. Secretum omnium Secretorum, das ist : Von
der Heimligkeit aller Heimligkeiten, p. i.
Turba Philosophorum, das ist : ein Verzeichnifs
der Namen aller vprnembsten Philosophorum, p. 37.
II. Ein Buchlein des hocherfahrnen Philosophi
Johannis Trithemii de Lapide Philosophorum, p. 43.
III. Liliuin inter spinas Johannis de Padua, p. 155.
item Arcanum de Multiplicatione Philosophica,
p. 221.
IV. Ein gut Fundament, oder Tractat vom Philo-
sophischen Stein, p. 227.
V. Das zehende Buch Archidoxorum Theophrasti
Paracelsi, so bifshero gantz verborgen gewesen,
p. 241.
VI. Liber qui vocatur clavis Thesaurorum, das
ist : Ein edles Buchlein, so genandt ist, der
Schliissel der Schatze, p. 261.
VII. Thesaurus Mundi. Ein Buchlein, welches
genandt wird ein Schatz der Welt (by Rupe-
scissa?), p. 294.
Von der Heimligkeit aller Heimligkeiten, p. 321.
A reprint of No. I. above. Appended, a poem
on Transmutation : Vom Stein der Weisen Philo-
sophen, p. 354.
Anfang der Werck der Philosophen, p. 366.
Zwey schone Chymische Tractatlein :
I. De Mercurio Alchimistarum, p. 380.
II. De Lumine Naturae; VomLiechtder Natur,
P- 395-
Speculum utriusque luminis Gratise et Naturae,
das ist, Spiegel beyder Liechter Naturlichen vnd
Vbernatiirlichen : darinnen durch hiilff der edlen
Kunst Chymiae, neben erklarung der Natur vnd
Eigenschafften der 7. Metallen, so sie zum Theil
fur sich selbst, zum theil gegeneinander haben :
Geben und in Druck verfertigt durch Samuel
Genttersberger, p. 403.
[Another Copy.]
References to this book are few. It is quoted by
Lenglet Dufresnoy and by Gmelin, who is careful
to distinguish the author from Michael Neander,
who wrote Syntagma, a sort of history of medicine,
Bremen, 1623. Both are to be distinguished from
another Neander, author of Candidus Chymicus,
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 406.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiii. col. 1415.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 246.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 104.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 571,
note k.
or Der aufrichtige Chymist, Dresden and Leipzig,
1731, mentioned by Fictuld and Kopp. Curiously
enough the Heptas alchymica has escaped Kopp's
notice, though he enumerates other collections of
seven tracts. I have found nothing about the
compiler.
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu
. , . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816,
v. col. 435 (ascribes the Heptas and Der aufrichtige
Chymist to the same person).
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 337, 340,
355-
NEBEL-NEGROPONTE 133
NEBEL (WILHELM BERNHARD).
Dissertatio Physica de mercuric lucente in vacuo quam annuente seterno
luminum Patre Permissu Sapientiss. Philos. Ord. in Univ. Basil, sub Prsesidio
Viri Excellentissimi, Celeberrimi Job. Bernouilli, Ph. & Med, D. Math. P. P.
Trium Societatum Scient. Gall. Angl. & Boruss. Socii, Patroni & Praeceptoris
sui omni observantiae cultu prosequendi, publico eruditorum examini sub-
mittit ad D. 24. Mart. CIolDCCXIX. Wilhelm. Bernhard. Nebel, Hasso-
Marpurg. M. C. Auctor. In Auditorio Collegii inferioris. Basileae, Typis
Friderici Liidij, Acad. Typogr.
4°- Pp. M 73 [4
Nebel was born in 1699 at Marburg. From He was the author of another dissertation :
1718 he studied at Strasburg and Basel, and Dissertatio de lapide nephritico novo, Heidelb. , 1733,
subsequently at Geneva and Lausanne, graduating 4°, and in Commerc. litter.. Nor. 1734, Hebd., 38,
at Heidelberg. After studying anatomy at Stras- pp. 301-334.
burg, he taught experimental physics at Heidelberg, He is not to be confused with Daniel Wilhelm
and in 1724 mathematics and physics at Herborn, Nebel (1735-1805), professor of chemistry and
and medicine later. In 1728 he was teacher of pharmacy at Heidelberg,
medicine at Heidelberg, and was appointed Hof-
medicus. He died 18 April, 1748.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1731, II. i. p. 407. 1806-08, p. 255.
Acta Academice Natures Curiosorutn, Norimb., Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu
1752, ix. (App.) pp. 209-226, portrait. . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816,
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 308. v. col. 440.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 133. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 343. genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Vblker, 1886, iv.
^>\.r\fA&r,GrundlagezueinerHessischenGekhrlen p. 342.
und Schriftstelkr Geschichte, 1797, xi. p. 369.
NEDAGANDER.
Kurze jedoch griindliche und einfaltige Anleitung zu dem grossen Natur-
geheimnifs des Lapidis Philosophici in einem Briefe an die wahren Besitzer
nebst einem Probierstein der Materia entworfen von Nedagandro. Ham-
burg, gedruckt mit Trausoldischen Schriften. 1753.
8°. Pp. 32.
[Another Copy.]
Kurtze Anleitung zum Natur Geheimniss.
See GEDANCKEN ... in einer Antwort auf des Herrn Nedagandri Brief, 1754.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C. 1779, "I- P- 203.
Under the erroneous form Nelagander this Gmelin, but not by any of the other authorities,
author with the above book is referred to by
Beytrag zur Geschichte der liohern Chemie, 1785, Gmelin, Geschichte der Cheinie, 1798, ii. p. 316.
p. 672.
NEGROPONTE (JACOBUS WENCESLAUS DOBRZENSKY A).
See DOBRZENSKY (JACOBUS WENCESLAUS).
To what has been already said under Dobrzen- Prague in 1668, was extraordinary professor of
sky may be added that Matthioe calls him a medicine in 1659, wrote a book, De Fpntium genio,
Bohemian, says he took the degree of M.D. at Ferrariae, and in 1680 the Praservativum.
Georgius Matthine, Conspectus Historic Medi- Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice 1779, iii.
coruin chronologicus, 1761, p. 846. p. 285.
134 NEIDHOLD-NERI
NEIDHOLD (JOHANN).
See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON).
NEITHOLD QOHANN).
See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON).
NENTER (GEORG PHILIPP).
Bericht von der Alchemie.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. 147.
The Tabula Smaragdina, with a German version, is printed on p. 154.
See also NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON), Aurei Velleris Supplementum, 1733, p. 24.
Reprint of the Tabula Smaragdina and the German version.
Nenter, of Gelnhausen (Haller), apparently the works in which he expounded his views were
graduated at Strasburg in 1704, with a ' Dispu- severely criticised. In none of the authorities is the
tatio de vesicatoriorum usu.' He became a present work included. It is interesting, however,
distinguished practitioner and professor at Stras- as a historical sketch and defence of alchemy by a
burg, and was a declared follower of Stahl, but believer in it.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv.
1731, II. i. p. 407. p. 373.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen Fuchs, Repertorium der chemiscken Litteratur,
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 379. 1806-08, p. 223.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 345 ;
p. 584. 1849, ii. p. 247.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiii. col. 1706 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mddicale, 1855, ii.
(list of works). p. 378.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mdde-
col. 856; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- cine, 1858, III. ii. p. 634.
ungen, 1816, v. col. 485. 'La.d.ragMe,BibliothequeOuvarofi,Sciences Secretes,
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 104. 1870, No. 1358.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 88. Dictionnaire encyclopddique des Sciences Mfdi-
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 567 cales, seme SeYie, 1878, xii. p. 94.
(where he calls him ' J. Phil. Nenter'). Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 530.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 38. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der kervorra-
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv.
1778, iii. p. 382. p. 352.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 703.
NERI (ANTONIO).
AntonI Neri Florentini, de Arte Vitraria Libri Septem, & in eosdem Christoph.
Merretti Med. D. & Societ. Regiae Socii. Observationes & Notse. In quibus
omne gemmarum artificialium, encaustorum & laccarum artificium explicatur.
Amstelodami, Apud Andream Frisium, 1668.
12°. Pp. [28] 1-232 [2 blank] ; Merrett's Notes, 233-455 (f°r 445) t1?]- Engraved
title included in the pagination. 6 plates. Woodcut of a Prince Rupert's drop.
Vignette with the motto : Optimi Consultores Mortui.
Anthonii Neri, eines Priesters und Chymisten von Florentz Sieben Biicher :
Handlend von der kiinstlichen Glafs- und Crystallen- Arbeit, oder Glafsmacher-
Kunst und alle dem jenigen, was dazu gehoret. Sambt denen, dariiber von
Christoph Merret, der Artzney Doctorn, und Mitglied der Konigl. Gesellschafft
in Engelland, &c. gefertigten aufsbiindigen Anmerckungen. Und wird
hierinnen zugleich auch die vollkomene W[is]senschafft, wie man allerhand,
denen Natiirl. gantz gleichkommende E[del]gestein nachkiinstlen, wie auch
vielerley rare (vor die Gold- und Silbfer-] Arbeiter hochst niitzliche) in Europa
noch nicht bekandte oder gebrau[ch]lich gewesene durchsichtige Rubin- und
Rosenfarbene Schmeltze und sch[6ne ?] Lacken, sambt der wahren Ultramarin-
NERI—NEU-A UFFGEHENDE
135
NERI (ANTONIO). Continued.
Farb &c. auf Spagyrische (das [ist] Chymische Weise) zubereiten moge,
griindlich gehandlet, aufsfiihrlich demonstrirt und deutlich erklahrt : Wie
ingleichen auch ein Bedencken, ob und welchergestalt wohl konne die Mallea-
bilit[at] dem Glase (das ist : dafs es sich hammern lassen moge) beybracht
werden, mit eingefuhret ist. Verdeutscht durch Friedrich Geifslern.
Franckfurt und Leipzig, In Verlegung Johann Grossen und Consorten.
Gedruckt bey Christoph Uhmans sel. Witbe. 1678.
8U. Pp. [32] 283 [5] ; 3 engravings ; Merrett's Anmerckungen, 184, 6 plates and a
woodcut. Title red and black. The title-page is cropped in the front margin.
Neri flourished at the end of the sixteenth and
beginning of the seventeenth centuries, and is said
to have been born in Florence. He was a priest
(see L'Arte Vitraria, 1612, cap. 31, p. 27),
worked probably at Murano, was in Florence
in 1602 (Ibid. cap. 22, p. 21), at Antwerp in 1609
(Ibid. cap. 44, p. 48), where he lived for a long
time in the house .of Emanuel Ximenes, a Portu-
guese, returned to Italy and resided at Pisa, to
which place he often refers, and published his book
in 1612. His death is put in 1614. He was an
adept in the making of coloured pastes.
The editions of his book which I have seen are
the following :
L'Arte Vetraria, Firenze, 1612, 4°.
Hardly any of the older authorities seem to know
this edition, not even Beckmann, who quotes the
edition of Venice, 1663 only, though he adds that
there must have been one of an earlier date.
L'Arte Vetraria, Impressione Seconda, Firenze,
1661, small 8°.
The Art of Glass, translated by Christopher
Merrett, with his notes, London, 1662, 8°.
L'Arte Vetraria, Venetia, 1663, 12°.
Konig, Bib/iotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 571.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 255.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 408.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^,
1732, p. 106 (Kunckel's edition, 1689).
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 416.
Theophilus Sincerus, Thesaurus Bibliothecalis,
1739, iii. pp. 246-48, No. clvii. (refers to Neri,
p. 246 ; to Merrett, pp. 246-7 ; to Kunckel, p. 248).
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiii. col. 1794
(Neri wrote seven books on the Art of Glass — no
date given — translated by C. Merrett, Lond. , 1622
(which is a misprint), later editions : Amst., 1668,
12° ; 1679, 4°).
Jocher, Allgemcines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, HI.
col. 863 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdm-
Ars Vitraria, Latin translation, by Andreas
Frisius, with Merrett's notes, Amstel., 1668, 12°.
Reissued with an altered title-page in 1669.
L'Arte Vetraria, Venetia, 1678, 12°.
Johann Kunckel, Ars Vitraria Experimentalis
(in German), Frankf. u. Leip., 1679, 4°.
Also with the imprint, Amsterd. u. Dantzig,
1679, 4°.
Ars Vitraria, Frisius translation, Amst., 1686,
12°.
Kunckel, Ars Vitraria, Frankf. u. Leip., 1689, 4°.
Holbach, Art de la Verrerie, Paris, 1752, 4°.
Kunckel, Glassmacherkunst, Niirnberg, 1756,
4°-
L'Arte Vetraria (appended to the Italian trans-
lation of Baume"s Chemistry), Venezia, 1787, 8°.
L'Arte Vetraria, Milano, 1817, 8°.
Art of Glass, Middlehill, 1826, folio.
The book is commended by Morhof, and there is
a note about Neri and the gold purple in Beck-
niann's Beytrage.
It formed the main part of the work on glass-
making afterwards issued by Blancourt.
ungen, 1816, v. col. 496. (Rotermund quotes the
editions of 1612, 1661 (Venetia, sic), 1663; Amst,
1668, Geifsler's translation, Frft. & Leipz. 1678,
8° ; Kunckel's translation, 1743, 4°, Italian, 1781,
with Baum^'s Chemistry.)
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 100.
Beckmann, Beytrage zur Geschichte der Erfin-
dungen, 1786, i. p. 383 ; English translation, 1814,
i. p. 203.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 605.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 188, 307.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 354.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 303 ;
1869, ii. p. 294.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•wdrterbuch) 1863, ii. p. 269.
NEUE Alchymistische Bibliothek fur den Naturkundiger.
See SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEF WILHELM).
NEU-ANGEZUNDT-HELL-BRENNENDES Feuer, oder Mercurial-Liecht.
See MOEBIUS (GOTTFRIED).
NEU-AUFFGEHENDE (Die) Chymische Sonne, samt ihrem Glantz und
Schein, weiset alle Gott-ergebene Sucher, auff den rechten Pfad, subjectum
ac primam materiam Lapidis Philosophorum & omnium rerum zu suchen, zu
finden, und zu elaboriren; wie dann das nothigste aus wahrer Philosophorum
1 36 -NE U-A UFFGEHENDE—NE UMANN
NEU-AUFFGEHENDE (Die) Chymische Sonne. Continued.
Schrifften extrahirt beygefiigt zu finden. Von einem Treu-meinenden Freunde
zusammen getragen, und alien Bekiimmerten zum Trost heraus gegeben.
Franckfurt und Leipzig bey Johann Friedrich Fleischer. 1740.
8°. Pp. [1-8] 9-118 [2 pp. errata, 2 pp. blank] ; Supplementum, 119-133 [i blank].
About the authorship of this tract see STEINBERGEN (c. F. VON).
Kopp (Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 390) quotes this edition.
NEU-AUFFGEHENDE (Die) Chymische Sonne, samt ihrem Glantz und
Schein, weiset alle Gott-ergebene Sucher, auf den rechten Pfad, subjectum
ac primam materiam Lapidis Philosophorum & omnium rerum zu suchen, zu
finden, und zu elaboriren ; wie dann das nothigste aus wahrer Philosophorum
Schrifften extrahirt beygefiigt zu finden. Von einem Treu-meinenden Freunde
zusammen getragen, und alien Bekiimmerten zum Trost heraus gegeben.
Franckfurt und Leipzig bey Johann Friedrich Fleischer, 1750.
8°. Pp. [1-12] 13-112; Supplementum, 113-127 [i blank].
Ladrague (Bibliotheque Ouvarqff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1383) quotes this edition only.
NEU-EROFFENDE Schatz-Kammer allerhand rarer sehr curioser und sender-
barer Chymischer, Physicalischer und Oeconomischer Geheimnisse, wobey
nicht nur eine aufrichtige Handleitung zur wiircklichen Bereitung der so
genannten Philosophischen Tinctur, sondern auch unterschiedene sehr vor-
theilhaffte Particularia, Allen Liebhabern naturlicher und hermetischer Wahr-
heiten auf das deutlichste gezeiget werden. Leipzig, verlegts David Richter,
1734-
8°. Pp. 87 [9], Title red and black. Imperfect, wants pp. 53-4, 59-60, 71-4.
Anderer Theil, 1736.
Pp, [2] 89-178 [4]. Imperfect ; wants pp. 103-4, II7'I34-
On the assumption that the substances named not. The want of sound theory is everywhere
are the same as those meant now, this tract is of apparent, and no better demonstration of its indis-
some value as disclosing the practical methods of pensability for true scientific and technological
certain of the chemists of the time and the ideas by progress could be desired than the consideration of
which they were guided. The processes are such a collection of haphazard processes as the
empirical and the practical results, or the substances present,
obtained, are more frequently misinterpreted than
NEUMANN (CASPAR).
Lectiones Chymicae von Salibus Alkalino-Fixis und von Camphora, als zwey
Proben, umb daraus zu sehen, wie alle iibrige Lectiones bey dem in Berlin
gestiffteten Konigl. Collegio Medico-Chirurgico publice abgehandelt, und die
Chymische Materien bearbeitet oder demonstriret werden von D. Caspar
Neumann Chymiae pract. Prof. P. Mit-Glied des Konigl. Ober-Collegii
Medici und der beyden Societaten der Wissenschafften zu Berlin und London,
wie auch erster Hoff-Apothecker.
Veritas est Simplex.
Berlin, gedruckt bey des Konigl. Preufsis. Hof-Buchdr. Gotthard Schlech-
tigers Wittwe. Anno MDCCXXVII.
4°. Pp. [8] 164.
NEUMANN
137
NEUMANN (CASPAR). Continued.
Lectiones Publicas Von Vier Subjectis Pharmaceuticis, Nehmlich vom Succino,
Opio, Caryophyllis Aromaticis, und Castoreo. . . .
Nee adfirmare sustineo, de quibus dubito, nee subducere, quae accepi. Curt.
Lib. ix. Cap. i.
Berlin, bey Ambrosino Haude. M DCC XXX.
4°. Pp. [19, i blank] 226 [should be 228].
Lectiones Publicae Von Vier Subjectis Chimicis, Nehmlich vom Salpeter, Schwefel,
Spiefs-Glas und Eisen, . . .
Quantum experientia in universa Chymia procedit
Tantum ratio de ejus certitudine statuere debet.
Berlin, gedruckt bey Job. Gottfr. Michaelis, Konigl. Preufs. privil. Buchdr. 1732.
4°. Pp. [14] 440. Wants pp. 43-46, 131-134.
Lectiones Publicae Von Vier Subjectis Diseteticis, Nehmlich von den . . . viererley
Gelrancken, Vom Thee, Caffee, Bier, und Wein, . . .
Sanior esse poles, si cum moderamine poles, Non quantum veils, sed quanlum
debeas, non quid cupias, sed quid convenial.
Leipzig, bey Gottlob Benjamin Fromman, Buchhandl. des Waisenhauses in Ziillichau,
4°. Pp. [28] 468.
Disquisilio de Ambra Grysea, welche an die Konigl. Gros-Brillann. Wellberiihmle
Socielal der Wissenschafflen geschickel worden von D. Caspar Neumann, . . . Samml
einem kurlzen Vorberichl solcher Memoire halber, Anielzo, weil wenigen Personen
die Englandische Transacliones Philosophicae vorkommen, in deutscher Sprache pub-
licirel, von Einem Liebhaber der Hisloriae Naluralis. Drefsden, bey Golllob
Chrislian Hilschern, Konigl. Pohln. und Churfl. Sachfs. privil. Hof-Buchhandlern,
1736.
4°. Pp. [16] 116.
Neumann was born al Ziillichau in Silesia, n
July, 1683, sludied pharmacy, iravelled wilh Ihe
king as his apolhecary, and also al his expense in
Germany, Holland and England, where he resided
for five years. He returned lo Berlin, made fresh
journeys lo England, France and Ilaly, was ap-
pointed Court apolhecary and afterwards professor
of praclical chemislry in Ihe Medico-chirurgical
College, and in 1724 he was made supreme surveyor
of the apothecaries in Prussia. He was a member
of the Royal Societies of London and Berlin, of the
Instilule of Bologna, was received i March, 1728, inlo
the Academia Nalurae Curiosorum wilh the name
Synesius, was Hofrath, honorary doclor of Halle,
and assessor of the Supreme College of Medicine.
He died at Berlin, 20 Oct., 1737, highly esteemed at
home and abroad, and familiarly acquainted with
all the chemists of his time.
'Ma.r\gzl,Bibliotheca Scriptorum Mtdicorum, 1731,
II. i. p. 409 (review of his ' Lectiones chymicte de
sal i bus alcalino-fixis. . . . 1727').
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce,
1732, p. 107.
Kestner, Medicmisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 585-
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiv. col. 244-
247.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 246-47.
'Elogiaseu Historia Vilas Casp. Neumanni,' in
Acta Academies Cessarece Natures Curiosorum,
1748, viii. App. pp. 243-262, where also is a portrail
of him.
Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 882; Rolermund's Fortsetznng und Ergdnzun-
gen, 1816, v. col. 564.
Blichner, Academia . . . Nature Curiosorum
Historia, 1755, p. 499, No. 400.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 189.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 196.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 232.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iii. p. 385.
He published his preleclions at the request of his
friends, so that the scope of his teaching might be
known. He communicated papers lo Ihe Berlin
Academy and some lo Ihe Royal Society. That on
fixed alkaline salts was read to the latler sociely by
Hankwitz (remembered as the first manufaclurer of
phosphorus) and was prinled in Ihe Phil. Trans.
for 1726-27, xxxiv. Nos. 392, 393, and his disserta-
tion on camphor was also communicated to the
same society (Phil. Trans, for 1724-25, xxxiii. No.
380). He was an energetic and successful chemist.
His systemalic leclures were published after his
death. They were translated into English by
Lewis, Lond., 1760, 4°; 2nd ed. Lond., 1773, 8°,
2 vols. ; into French by Roux, Paris, 1781, 4°, and
Dulch, Leeuwarden, 1766, 8°. His papers were
collecled and prinled : Ziillichau, 1749-55, 4 vols.,
4°-
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. in.
Grnelin, Geschichte der Chetnie, 1798, ii. pp. 473,
603-05 (his life), 684 (his leclures), 705 ; 1799, iii.
P- !S-
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, 111.
(Chemia et Res Metallica\ pp. 66, 67, 70, 95, 108,
116, 160, 184.
Fried. Carl Golllob Hirsching, Historisch-litter-
arisches Handbuch beriihmter und denkwiirdi$er
Personen die in dem achlsehnten Jahrhunderte
gelebt haben, Leipzig, 1804, vi. p. 130.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Lilteratur,
1806-08, pp. 128, 244, 251, 260, 262, 269, 298.
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 322.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 413 ;
1869, ii. p. 411.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Me'dicalc, 1855, ii.
p. 208.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
iwrterbuch , 1863, ii. col. 273.
Aug. Wilh. Hofmann, Chemische Erinnerungen
aus der Berliner Vergangenheit , 1882, pp. 10, 61.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix. p. 825.
138 NEUN—NIGROPONTE
NEUN und siebenzig grosse und sonderbahre Wunder.
See REIBEHAND (CHRISTOPH), 1690.
NEW (A) Light of Alchymy.
See F. (j.).
NICHTHOLD.
See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON).
NICHT-WESENDE Dinge.
See UTIS UDENIUS.
NICOLAUS Praepositus.
See PR^POSITUS (NICOLAUS).
NICOLS (THOMAS).
Thomas Nicols Professoren der hohen Schule zu Cambridge in Engeland,
Beschreibung der Steine sowol Edel als Gemeine darinnen derer Gestalt,
Kraffte, Tugenden, Medicin, Eigenschafften, Preifs und Werth auf das Deut-
lichste gezeiget wird Samt beygesetzten Warnungen sich fiir derer Verfalschung
wohl zu hiiten wegen seiner Fiirtrefflichkeit aus dem Engelischen ins Teutsche
iibersetzet durch Johann Langen. Culmbach, zu finden bey Nathanael
Lumscher, druckts Friederich Elias Dietzel, 1734.
8°. Pp. 16, 274. Index [14].
A translation by Lange of A Lapidary, or the N. Brooke, 1653 ; third, Gemmarius fidelius, or
History of Pretious Stones, by Thomas Nicols, the Faithful Lapidary, London, H. Marsh, 1659.
sometimes of Jesus-Cottedge in Cambridge, Cam- The author was born in Cambridge, and was the
bridge, 1652, 4°, pp. [12] 239 [i blank], folding son of Dr. John Nicols, a practitioner there. No
table. The translation originally appeared at Ham- details of his life are given.
burg in 1675, and as it had become rare and was an The editors of the German translation could find
excellent book, Roth-Scholtz was minded to publish nothing about him.
a new edition. He did not accomplish his design, Jocher has confused him with Thomas Nicolls,
and it was left therefore to Lumscher and Dietzel to the translator of Thucydides, who lived a century
bring one out. earlier.
The English work was issued with three different Rotermund calls the present work a valuable
title pages : first, with that already quoted; second, one.
Arcula Gemmea : a Cabinet of Jewels, London,
Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, (calls him Nicolotius, a learned Englishman who
1730, ii. p. 570. wrote a book on precious stones).
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, Hi.
1732, p. 107 (edition of Hamburg, 1675). col. 930 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnzun-
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 412 (II. ii. 2, gen, 1816, v. col. 692.
c. 33, § i). Gentleman's Magazine, 1842, ii. pp. 430, 594.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiv. col. 626 Cooper, Annals of Cambridge, 1845, iii. p. 475.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1895, xli. p. 54.
NIETHOLD QOHANN).
See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON).
NIGER HAPELIUS (NICOLAUS).
See HAPELIUS (NICOLAUS NIGER).
NIGROPONTE.
See NEGROPONTE (JACOBUS WENCESLAUS DOBRZENSKY A).
NODUS— NOLLIUS 139
NODUS Sophicus Enodatus.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., i. p. 73.
NODUS Sophicus Enodatus. Das 1st, Erlauterung etlicher Vornehmen Philoso-
phischen Schrifften und Tractaten vom Stein der Weisen, nach dem Lauff der
Natur zusammen gewunden und verkniipffet, nunmehr aber in diesen letzten
Zeiten, nach erschienener Morgenrothe der Weifsheit und eingetretenen
Seculo Eliae Aristae (sic) den filiis Doctrinae Hermeticas zum besten auffgeloset
und erklaret : Durch einen treuen Teutschen Philosophum und Liehhabern
der Natur gemasen Chymischen Kunst und verborgenen Weifsheit Gottes.
Kinder-Bett, des Steins der Weisen durch einen unbekandten Cavalier, in
Frantzosischer Sprache beschrieben, und nun aus den Frantzosischen ins
Teutsche iibersetzet. Durch J. L. M. C. Hamburg, Verlegts Gottfried
Liebernickel, 1692.
8°. Pp. [2] 45 [3 blank]. Title red and black. This contains the Kinder-Bett
only, with a separate title-page.
The Ouvaroff copy was apparently complete, it author of the Deutsches Fegefeuer der Chemisten,
contained pp. xiv. 96. the artist Elias, as he calls himself, is the editor of
In the Beytrag a different title is given (which these small tracts." The author referred to is Dr.
was repeated by Kopp) : Beschreibung der uralten Soldner (y.v.), if this be correct ; but it was Lange
Wissenschaft vom Stein der Weisen : Erlauterung and not he who was the translator of the Kinder-
etlicher alchemistischer Schriften, und Kinderbette Bett. I have not met with the French original
des Steins der Weisen, aus dem Franzosisch, of the latter tract.
Hamb., 1692, 8°, and there it is said that "the
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
p. 644. Secretes, 1870, No. 1291.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 352, 383.
NOTHIGE Erinnerung an die Liebhaber der Kunst Gold zu machen.
See ZORN (j.).
NOLLIUS (HEINRICH).
Naturae Sanctuarium : Quod est, Physica Hermetica. In Studiosorum Sincerioris
Philosophiae gratiam, ad promouendam rerum naturalium veritatem, methodo
perspicua & admirandorum Secretorum in Naturae abysso latentium Philoso-
phica explicatione decenter in vndecim libris tractata ab Henrico Nollio Phil.
& Medicinae vtriusq; Doctore, eiusdemq; in incluto Arnoldino, quod est Stein-
furti, Professore publico.
En dabo in Hermetis doctrinam introitum ! attende :
Sapiens Amplectitur Tacite Veritatem Reiectis Nugis Vanitatum
Scholasticarum.
Sub finem duae Appendices, quarum I. Pansophiae fundamentum, &
II. Philosophiam Hermeticam de lapide Philosophorum quatuor tractatibus
antehac editis, iam vero recognitis & auctis comprehensam explicat, annexa
sunt. Praeterea etiam Remora studij Medici, ex qua de Medicina mea
Hermetica breue in lucem emittenda cordatus Lector facile iudicare potest,
adiecta est, & errores Medicorum multorum inibi dilucide deteguntur.
Francofurti Typis Nicolai Hoffmanni, sumptibus lonae Rosae. M.DCXIX.
8°. Pp. 838 [for 848] [12, 4 blank].
The initials of the motto denote SATVRNVS.
140 NOLLIUS
NOLLIUS (HEINRICH). Continued.
Theoria Philosophise Hermeticae, Septem Tractatibus, quorum primus est ;
I. Verus Hermes.
II. Porta Hermeticse Sapientige.
III. Silentium Hermeticum.
IV. Axiomata Hermetica.
V. De Generatione Rerum Naturalium.
VI. De Regeneratione Rerum Naturalium, &
VII. De Renovatione.
Explicata ab Henrico Nollio Medicinae in Illustri Illustrium Comitum Benthe-
micorum Gymnasio, quod est Steinfurti, Professore ordinario.
Ambros. de Off. Non est gloriosa victoria, nisi vbi fuerint laboriosa
certamina.
Hanoviae, Apud Petrum Antonium, Anno M. DC. XVI I.
8°. Pp. 119 [i blank]. Vignette: A man trying to scale a rock on the top of
which is a pelican's nest, with this legend : Invia virtuti nulla est via.
Via Sapientiae Triuna Henrici Nollii, Theosophi & Medici, Professoris Stein-
furtensis. Edita ab Anastasio Philareto Cosmopolita.
Ludovicus Vives. Quae in iuventute elato supercilio putabam esse
Thesauros in Philosophia, tam conversus & senex, video vix stercora
esse, & tantum remoras vitae piae, studiorumq; necessariorum fuisse.
Anno Saplente IVDICe, trIVMphat Verltas.
8°. Sigs. A 1-4, B-D in eights ; or pp. [56]. The chronogram is 1620.
Anastasius Philaretus is a pseudonym of JOACHIM MORSIUS (q. v.).
Systema Medicinae Hermeticae Generale, in quo
I. Medicinae verae fundamentum. "| . ,., . ,. . ...
TT „ . . Methodo dilucidissima generahter
II. Samtatis conseruatio. ,.
TTT ir i , ^ • exphcantur
III. Morborum cogmtio, & Curatio. )
Ab Henrico Nollio Philochymiatro. Prostat. In nobilis Francoforti Palthe-
niana. Anno MDCXIII.
8°. Pp. 127 [i blank].
This was translated into English with the following title :
Hermetical Physick : Or, The right way to preserve, and to restore Health. By
that famous and faithfull Chymist, Henry Nollius. Englished by Henry Uaughan,
Gent. London. Printed for Humphrey Moseley, and are to be sold at his shop, at
the Princes Armes in St. Pauls Church- Yard, 1655.
Small 12°, pp. [8] 130.
Heinrich Nolle, or Noll, or Nollius, flourished in conformatus, Francof. 1615, 8° ; Verae Physices
the first quarter of the seventeenth century. He Compendium novum, Steinfurti, 1616, 8°; Ars et
was a teacher at the Gymnasium at Steinfurt in per propriam indagationem et per revelationern
Westphalia, professor of philosophy at the newly- aliquid discendi, Steinfurti, 1617 ; Alchimia philo-
founded University of Giessen, and pastor in sophica, Francof., 1619, 8°. Mundanus in his
Darmstadt. He had studied not only philosophy answer to Dickinson alludes to a sort of alchemical
and theology, but had devoted himself to chemistry romance or allegory entitled : ' Iter Philareti ad
and medicine, and was a devoted follower of Montem Mercurii.' The German translator, as
Paracelsus. His works relate chiefly to hermetic quoted by Schroder, is of opinion that this writing
medicine and philosophy. is not by Dickinson but by Nollius. One hundred
Besides the above he wrote : De Generatione and twenty years ago his books were said to be
rerum naturalium liber, ex vero naturae lumine rare.
NOLL1US—NOR TON
141
NOLLIUS (HEINRICH). Continued.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 167, 268.
Edmund Dickinson, De Chrysopoeia, no date
(about 1683), p. 171.
Mercklin, Lin dent us renovatus, 1686, p. 397.
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. pp. 482-490.
Burcardus Gotthelff Struvius, Bibliotheca Philo-
sophica, Jena, 1728, p. 159, §viii.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptoritm Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 414.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrien-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 592-
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiv. col. 1198.
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741
(T. ii. 1. 17. c. 18. §26. p.m. 652), T. ii. p. 254.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 476 ; iii. p. 247.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 971 ; Rotennund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1816, v. col. 786.
Fictuld, Probier-Siein, 1753, Th. i. p. 116.
Schroder, Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1771,
i. p. 170.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1777, ii.
P- 433-
Missiv an die Hocherleuchtele Bruderschaft des
Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, pp.
119-121.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 572, 600, 602, 604.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemiet 1797, i. pp. 514,
515 note d (list of his works).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 350.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 344, 357, 384.
NON-ENTIA Chymica.
See UTIS UDENIUS.
NORMA. Regel vnnd wahre Richtschnur, oder der wahre Probierstein, auff
welchen alle Alchymisten, beydes bofs und gut sollen probiert werden.
See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 277.
NORTHON.
See HERMAPHRODITISCHES Sonn- und Monds-Kind, 1752.
The person here called Northon is the same as Josaphat Friederich Hautnorthon.
NORTON (SAMUEL).
Alchymiae Complementum, et Perfectio seu Modus et Processus argumentandi
sive multiplicand! omnes Lapides, & Elixera in virtute, sive qualitate, & etiam
in quantitate, una cum projectionis via. Olim a Samuele Nortono Bristollensi
inchoatus nunc verb ab Edmundo Deano Anglo Med. D. Medico Eboracensi
auctior & perfectior editus.
Cui accessit Explanatio Intentionis Philosophorum, cum de decimo
loquuntur numero, in quo Opus finiri debet : in qua etiam miraculosum
ostenditur Secretum Lapidis animalis ex sanguine humano secundum Georgium
Riplaeum. Denub adjuncta est Conclusio libri, omnibus sex Libris Alchymicis
prius a nobis editis, Deque ac huic, inserviens
Terentius. ^quum est ignoscere, quae sine reprehensione veteres facti-
tarunt, si faciant novi.
Idem. Bum esse quaestum in animum induxi maximum, quam maximb
servire vestris commodis.
Francofurti, Typis Caspari Rotelii, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri, Anno
M.DC.XXX.
4°. Pp. 17. [3 full-page engravings.]
[Another Copy.]
Catholicon Physicorum, seu Modus Conficiendi Tincturam Physicam &
Alchymicam a veteribus Philosophis adeb sollicite quaesitam, sed a nullo
adhuc mortalium, seu priscorum, seu recentiorum plene ac perfecte traditam ;
142 NORTON
NORTON (SAMUEL). Continued,
vna cum eiusdem Tinctune accurtatione. Olim a Samuele Nortono Bristollensi
inchoatus : Nunc verb editus labore & industria Edmundi Deani Angli Med.
D. Eboracensis Medici, auctior & perfection Cui accessit Ramus Triplex de
compositione Lactis virginis, seu Aceti Philosophorum.
Autor incertus,
Hie Lapis triangulus est in esse, quadrangulus in qualitate.
Francofurti, Typis Caspar! Rotelij, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri, Anno
M.DC.XXX.
4°. Pp. 16. 3 full-page engravings in the text.
[Another Copy.]
Elixer, seu Medicina Vitse, seu Modus Conficiendi Verum Aurum, et Argentum
potabile cum vtriusq; virtutibus, & potestatibus secundum antiquorum, &
neotericorum consensum, Olim a Samuele Nortonio Bristollensi inchoatus :
Nunc verb editus industria, & opera Edmundi Deani Angli, Med. D. Ebora-
censis Medici auctior, & perfection Cui etiam accessit modus reddendum
vitrum ductile, & malleabile.
Paracelsus. Recta via facilis, sed & paucissimis reperitur.
Terentius. Vna ad quodlibet cuivis accedendi via non est.
Francofurti, Typis Caspari Rotelij, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri, Anno
M.DC.XXX.
4°. Pp. 14 [2 blank], i full page engraving.
[Another Copy.]
Mercurius Redivivus, seu Modus Conficiendi Lapidem Philosophicum tarn
album, quam rubeum e Mercurio. Olim a Samuele Nortono Bristolensi
inchoatus: Nunc verb editus opera & studio Edmundi Deani Angli Med. D.
Eboracensis Medici, auctior & perfection Cui accessit modus faciendi
utrumq; Fermentum tarn album e Luna, siue argento, quam rubeum e Sole,
siue auro.
Clangor Buccinae. Extrahe Arg. Vivum, seu Lapidem Philosophorum tarn
a corporibus, quam ab Arg. viuo, quoniam vnius sunt naturae, &
habebis Mercurium, & Sulphur de ilia materia super terram, de qua
aurum, & argentum generatum est in terra.
Francofurti, Typis Caspari Rotelij, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri, Anno
M.DC.XXX.
4°. Pp. 20. 5 full-page engravings in the text.
[Another Copy.]
Metamorphosis Lapidum Ignobilium in Gemmas quasdam Pretiosas, seu Modus
Transformandi Perlas parvas, et minutulas, in siagnas & nobiles ; ac etiam
construendi Carbunculos artificiales, aliosque lapides pretiosos, naturalibus
NORTON 143
NORTON (SAMUEL). Continued.
praestantiores, Olim a Samuele Nortono Bristollensi inchoatus : Nunc vero
editus diligentia Edmundi Deani Angli Med. D. Eboracensis medici, auctior
& perfection
Cui accessit modus componendi Electrum artificiale, omnium Elixerum
supremum ; cum indicatione Electri naturalis & metallici, veteribus prorsus
incogniti.
Terentius. Plurima, dum incipias, gravia sunt, dumque ignores : ubi cogno-
veris, facilia.
Francofurti, Typis Caspari Rotelii, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri, Anno
M.DC.XXX.
4°. Pp. 12. i full-page engraving.
[Another Copy.]
Saturnus Saturatus Dissolutus, et Coelo Restitutus, seu Modus Componendi
Lapidem Philosophicum tam Album, quam Rubeum e Plumbo; ac etiam
eadem methodo e loue, siue Stanno. Olim a Samuele Nortono Bristolensi
inchoatus. Nunc vero edente Edmundo Deano Med. D. Eboracensi Medico,
auctus, illustratus, & perfectus.
Cui accessit Accurtatio operis Saturni, vna cum modo extrahendi Arg:
viuum e Plumbo. Accessit prseterea Tractatus paruus de metho (sic) Philoso-
phorum in opere Saturni secundum Georgium Riplaeum auctus, & emendatus;
vna cum Accuratione Riplaeana Mercurij Sublimati emendata etiam, & auctiore
reddita.
Terentius. Nihil recte fit, quod contra naturam fit.
Paracelsus. Alchymia vera est, quse vnica tantum arte Lunam, & Solem ex
S. Metallis imperfectis fabricare docet. Aliud receptum non admittit
prseter illud, quod sic & vere loquitur : Solum ex Metallis, in Metallis,
per Metalla, & cum Metallis perfecta Metalla fiunt. Nam in alijs
Metallis est Luna, & in alijs Sol.
Francofurti, Typis loan-Nicolai Stoltzenbergeri, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri,
Anno M.DC.XXX.
4°. Pp. 24. 3 full-page engravings.
[Another Copy.]
Tractatulus de Antiquorum Scriptorum Considerationibus in Alchymia; Con-
tinens Interpretationem obscurorum verborum, nominum & locutionum Artis,
Olim a Samuele Nortono alias Rinuillo Bristollensi inchoatus : Nunc verb
editus studio, labore & industria Edmundi Deani Angli Med. D. Oxon. Medici
Eboracensis emendatior, auctior & perfectior. Fraocofurti (sic), Typis
Caspari Rdtelij, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri. Anno M.D.XXX. (sic).
4°. Pp. 13 [2, i blank].
Venus Vitriolata, in Elixer conuersa ; nee non Mars victoriosus, seu Elixerizatus,
siue Modus Conficiendi Lapidem Philosophicum tam e Venere, siue Cupro,
144
NORTON
NORTON (SAMUEL). Continued.
quam a Marte, siue Chalybe. Olim a Samuele Nortonio Bristollensi inchoatus:
Nunc verb editus studiis, & diligentia Edmundi Deani Angli, Med. D. Ebora-
censis Medici auctior, & perfectior.
Terentius.
Nil tarn difficile, quin quaerendo investigari possit.
Francofurti, Typis Caspari Rotelij, Impensis Guilielmi Fitzeri, Anno
M.DC.XXX.
4°. Pp. 16. 2 full-page engravings in the text.
[Another Copy.]
Mercurius Redivivus oder Unterricht von dem Philosophischen Stein.
See MONTE CUBITI (v. DE), Dreyfaches Hermetisches Kleeblat, 1667, pp. 209-372.
See H. (c. G.), Eines wahren Adept! besondere Geheimnisse von der Alchymie,
I757-
This is a German translation of S. Norton's eight tracts.
Samuel Norton was the son of Sir George Norton
and great-grandson of Thomas Norton (q.v.). He
was born in 1548, studied at St. John's College,
Cambridge, and in 1584 succeeded to his father's
estate of Abbots Leigh in Somerset. He occupied
several public positions, and died about 1604.
The notice given by Jocher is erroneous. He
has put Briissel for Bristol !
His works were edited by Edmund Dean or
Deane, who, as Wood informs us, was son of
Gilbert Deane of Saltpnstall in Yorkshire, and
brother of Richard, Bishop of Ossory, and was
born in Yorkshire. In 1591 he entered Merton
College, Oxford, in his nineteenth year, took a
degree in Arts, retired to St. Alban's Hall, studied
medicine and graduated in it, returned to York,
and practised there.
He wrote : Spadacrene Anglica or the English
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 168 (thinks
Deane may be the same as Dee !).
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 26 ; No. 1.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 415.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiv. col. 1351
(ascribes to him ' Crede mihi seu Ordinale ').
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 397, 479 ; iii. pp. 146 (Ed.
Deane), 247-248 (Norton).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 980 ; Rotermund's Fortsetsung und Erganzun-
gen, 1816, v. col. 823.
Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 525, 610.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 510-11.
(Gmelin quotes a ninth tract ' Alchymise Perfectio,'
but asks if it be not the same as ' Alchymiae Com-
plementum. ' There is no reason for doubting their
identity.) ..
Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen-
kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens , 1803, p. 66.
Spaw, being a brief Treatise of the acid or tart
Fountain in the Forest of Knaresborough in York-
shire, London, 1626.
Some, who have referred to Norton, seem to
think that only ' Mercurius redivivus,' and perhaps
one or two others, were edited by Deane, but it is
plain from the preceding that he had the whole set
through his hands, and it even looks as if he not
only edited Norton's tracts but had completed
them, for what else can be understood by the
expression ' inchoatus ' as applied to Norton's
share in them? Some have gone the length of
ascribing them to Deane entirely, while Schmieder,
who is never at a loss for a bold, not to say a reck-
less, suggestion, calmly states that Deane was a
name assumed by Norton !
Deane speaks in high terms of Norton, and
compares him to Cabot, another Bristolian.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 127.
Wood, AthencB Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1815, ii.
col. 600 (incidentally in connection with Edmund
Deane).
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), iii. p. 406 (Deane).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p.
364-
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 334 ;
1869, ii. p. 326.
W. H. Black, Catalogue of the Manuscripts be-
queathed unto the University of Oxford by Elias
Ashmole, 1845, cols. 1113, 1149, 1156, 1157, 1170,
1307, 1308.
Cooper, Athena Cantabrigienses, 1861, ii. p. 284.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 531 (Deane).
'L&&rag\ie,Bi6liotheque Ouv aroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 860 ('Mercurius redivivus').
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 365, 393.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1895, xli. p.
220 (article by Miss B. Porter).
NORTON (THOMAS).
Chymischer Tractat Thomas Nortoni eines Engellanders, Crede Mihi seu
Ordinale genandt : vor vngefehr anderthalbhundert Jahren, in Engellandischer
NORTON
NORTON (THOMAS). Continued.
Sprach, Reimenweifs beschrieben. Nachmaln aufs dem Manuscripto so zuvor
niemals in Truck kommen, von Herrn Michaele Maiero, Lateinisch
vertirt. An jetzo aber aufs dem Lateinischen, in gewonliche Teutsche
Rhythmos gebracht, vnd mit etlichen schonen in Kupffer gestochen Figuren
gezieret, dutch Danielem Maisnerum, P. L. C. Franckfurt am Mayn,
In Verlegung Lucae lennisl. Anno M.DC.XXV.
8°. Pp. 238 [2 blank], 7 engravings. Text and title within a beaded border. Uniform
with and forming the second part of the volume containing Jamsthaler's Viatorium.
Crede Mihi seu Ordinale.
See MAIER (MICHAEL), Tripus Aureus, 1618, p. 77.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 285.
See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 433.
According to the author's concluding lines, this
poem was begun in 1477. The first publication of
it was in the Latin translation by Michael Maier in
1618, above mentioned. For in his book Symbola
Aureee Menses, printed the previous year, he speaks
of it as being still ' uneditus,' but ' to be published
shortly by us,' and it appeared of course in the
subsequent reprints of the Tripus aureus.
The English poem was first printed in Ashmole's
Theatrum from a fine manuscript. He says (p.
455) : ' In the search I have made after Authentique
Manuscripts to compleate this worke, a private
Gentleman lent me a very faire one of Norton's
Ordinall, which I chiefly followed ; yet not omit-
ting to compare it with fourteen other copies. It
was written in Velame and in an auntient sett
hand, very exact and exceeding neate."
This, Ashmole thinks from various circumstances,
may have been the dedication copy to George
Nevell, Archbishop of York, whose magnificent
entertainment of Edward IV. with lavish display of
plate and other treasure was so thoroughly appreci-
ated by the king that he took possession of the
whole ' and made of the Arch-Bishop's Mitre (set
with precious stones) a Crowne for himself.'
The poem appears to be anonymous, but as
Ashmole has pointed out in language, worthy
almost of Sir Thomas Urquhart, the author's name
is contained in the poem itself. He says (p. 437) :
' From the first word of this Proeme, and the
Initiall letters of the six following Chapters (dis-
covered by Acromonosyllabiques and Sillabic
Acrostiques) we may collect the authors Name and
place of Residence : For those letters (together with
the first line of the seventh chapter) speaks thus,
Tomas Norton of Briseto,
A parfet Master ye maie him trowe.
Such like Fancies were the results of the wisdome
and humility of the Auncient Philosophers, (who
when they intended not an absolute concealement
of Persons, Names, Misteries, &c.) were wont to
hide them by Transpositions, Acrostiques, Iso-
grammatiques, Symphoniaques, and the lyke, (which
the searching Sons of Art might possibly unriddle,
but) with designe to continue them to others, as
Bale, Scriptorum Illustrium Maioris Britannia
Summarium, 1559, ii. p. 67.
Maier, Symbola Aurea Mensee, 1617, pp. 467-
480 (gives extracts from the work).
Pitsaeus, De illustribus Anglia Scriptoribus,
1619, p. 666.
Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicitm,
1652, pp. 1-106 (the poem), 437-455 (the notes).
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 168.
II. 1
concealed things ; And that upon the Question no
other Answer should be returned, then the like of
the Angell's to Manoah. [His name was Peli, to
wit, admirable and secret].'
The author of the Ordinall was the son of
Thomas Norton, and was born at Bristol towards
the end of the fourteenth century. He was member
of Parliament for the borough of Bristol in 1436,
member of privy chamber of Edward IV. , acted on
embassies and accompanied the king when he fled
to Burgundy.
At the age of 28 he is said to have visited George
Ripley and to have asked to be instructed in the
preparation of the red stone. His master, whether
Ripley or another, seeing him to be a suitable
person, ultimately put him on the right road and
at the end of forty days (the appropriate period of
a ' philosophic month ') the pupil had acquired the
secret. In the Ordinall, chap. ii. , he refers to his
master in terms of the greatest admiration and
affection. He describes (chap, vi.) a furnace of his
invention by which he could get ' threescore
degrees,' and carry on as many operations simul-
taneously, each with its own heat. He complains
of the troubles which beset the adept ; his perfected
work was stolen by servants, and he says :
' I made also the Elixer of life
Which me bereft a Merchaunt's wife :
The Quintessens I made also,
With other secrets many moe,
Which sinfull people took me fro,
To my great paine and much more woe. '
The lady here referred to is said to have been
Mrs. Canynges, the wife of William Canynges,
who rebuilt the church of St. Mary Redcliffe at
Bristol. His master mason was called Norton, and
it has been sought to identify him with the alchemist.
The poem contains a number of interesting
details and throws light on the beliefs of the period.
Manuscripts of the work exist in the British
Museum, the Bodleian, in Trinity College, Dublin,
and in the library of the Marquis of Bath.
Other works are ascribed to him, or bear his name :
De transmutatione Metallorum ; and De Lapide
Philosophorum. They have not been printed.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 26, No. xxxvii.
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer
der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 68.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 415.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 246, 470 ; iii. pp. 47, 71,
248-249. ( ' ' Norton told with sincerity all he knew ;
146 NORTON— NUCK
NORTON (THOMAS). Continued.
perhaps he did not know everything," a useful W. H. Black, Catalogue of the Manuscripts
statement, which advances our knowledge of bequeathed unto the University of Oxford by Elias
Norton considerably. ) Ashmole, 1845, Nos. 57 (transcribed by John Dee,
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i.pp. 132-134. in 1577), 972, 19; 1445, ii. i, 3; 1464; 1479, 32;
Ritson, Bibliographia Poetica, a Catalogue of 1490, 83.
English Poets .... 1802, p. 92. Samuel Lucas, Secularia, or Surveys on the
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, Mainstream of History, 1862, pp. 121-125.
1806-08, p. 117. Historical Manuscripts Commission, 1874, ist
The Lives of Akhemystical Philosophers, 1815, Report, App. p. 32 b; 1872, 3rd Report, p. i86b;
PP- 43. 302 I 1888, edited by Waite, p. 130. 1881, 8th Report, i. p. 583 a.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 246. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 214 ; ii. p. 339.
Warton, The History of English Poetry, 1840, ii. Dictionary of National Biography, 1895, x^-
p. 336 (calls him John). p. 220 (article by Miss Porter).
Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literar- Bale, Index Britannice Scriptorum, edd. Reg.
geschichte, 1842, II. ii. 2. p. 649. L. Poole and M. Bateson, Oxford, 1902, p. 447.
Hoefer, Histoire de la chimie, 1842, i. p. 442 ;
1866, i. p. 467.
NOTHWENDIGE Erinnerung des Verdeutschers dieses Hermetischen Triumphs
an den Leser.
See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph, 1707, p. 159; 1765, p. 159.
NOTHWENDIGE Refutation auff etliche Johann-Rudolph Glaubers . . . Biicher
von Verbesserung der Metallen.
See GRUNDLICHE WIDERLEGUNG etlicher Johan-Rudolff Glaubers . . . Schrifften,
1661.
NOUVEAU Cours de Chymie, suivant les Principes de Newton et de Sthall (sic).
See SENAC (JEAN BAPTISTE).
NOVA Disquisitio de Helia Artista.
See DISQUISITIO de Helia Artium, 1606.
See PERCIS (HELIOPHILUS A).
NOVO Lume.
See ARNALDUS de Villanova.
NOVUM Lumen Chymicum.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL).
NOVUM Testamentum.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii., 1598, p. 210.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi,
P- 369-
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 318.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 368.
NUCK (ANTON).
Antonii Nuck Harderoviceni, Medicinse Doctoris & Anatomise Professoris. De
Ductu Salivali Novo, Saliva, Ductibus Oculorum Aquosis, et Humore Oculi
Aqueo. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Petrum vander Aa, M.DC.LXXXV.
12°. Pp. [12, engraved title included] 175 [17], 3 folding plates.
Nuck (1650-1692) was first reader of anatomy and tionsof theglandsandlymphaticsand for various con-
surgery at the Hague, and then in 1687 professor at tributions to surgery. The present volume contains
Leyden. He was distinguished for his investiga- some of his best work. But he was not a chemist.
Conring, In universam Artem Medicam . . . Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Introductio, 1687, p. 183 (Add. iv. 39*), (praised for Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 483, 484, 489.
his ' felix dexteritas ' in an eye operation). Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
Mangel, BibliothecaScriptorumMedicorum, 1731, p. 593.
II. i. pp. 416-419 (reviews of certain medical works). Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiv. col. 1574.
NUCK—NUYSEMENT 147
NUCK (ANTON). Continued.
Jb'cher, Allgemdnes Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. Sprengel, Versuc h einer fragmatischen Geschichte
col. 995; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv p. 192, & passim,
ungen, 1816, v. col. 853. Hoefer, Histoirc de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 251 ;
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 684 ; 1869, ii. p. 243.
1777, ii. p. 766. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 478. 312, 325 ; 1849, ii. p. 204.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. Bayle et Thillaye, Biographie Midicale, 1855, ii.
p. 226 ; 1779, iii. p. 420. p. 151.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, Van der Aa, Biographisck Woordenboek der
1778, iii. p. 405. Nederlanden, 1868, xiii. p. 342.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 334 ; Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 293.
1798, ii. p. 273. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- genden Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv.
25). vi. p. 327- P- 388.
NUSCHELER QOHANN JACOB).
See GESNER (CONRAD), Kostlicher Artzneyschatz, 1608, Part ii.
Niischeler's name is included in his list by Jocher Latin into German, and published it at Zurich, in
(Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 996), 1608, in 4°. Rotermund has nothing to add to
but he tells us nothing more than that he translated that,
the second part of the secrets of Evonymus from
NUSSENSTEIN.
See RUESENSTEIN (ALEXIUS), Baron von.
NUTZLICHER Unterricht in der hermetisch-philosophischen Wissenschaft, nebst
einem Anhang von der Ursach der Electricitat, nach den Grundsatzen der
natiirlichen Philosophic und nach dem Sinn des grofsen Zoroaster. Frank-
furt und Leipzig, bey Johann Eberhard Zeh, 1771.
4°. Pp. [8] 40. The paper on electricity has a half title.
'Alchemic und Elektricitat,— welcher seltsame Still less, if the twentieth century hypothesis be
Kontrast ! ' says the Beytrag, 1785, p. 675. But it adopted of the identity of electricity and matter and
is not so great after all if electricity be dealt with of the transmutation of radium into helium,
from the alchemical and Zoroastrian point of view !
NUYSEMENT (JACQUES DE).
Poeme Philosophic de la Verite de la Phisique Mineralle, ou sont refutees les
obiections que peuuent faire les incredules & ennemis de cet Art. Auquel est
naiifuement & veritablement depeinte la vraye matiere des Philosophes. Par
le Sieur de Nuisement, Receueur general du Comte' de Ligny en Barrois.
Dedie* a Tres-Haut, Tres-Puissant, & Tres-Vertueux Prince, Monseigneur le
Due de Lorraine & de Bar, &c. A Paris, Chez leremie Perier & Abdias
Buisard, a la place Dauphine, pre"s le Palais, au Bellerophon. M.DC.XX.
Auec Priuilege du Roy.
8°. Pp. 80.
Besides the ' Poeme ' there are at the end Schmieder says that it includes an explanation
' Stances ' and ' Visions hermetiques.' of the Hermetic Table, but so far as I have noticed,
This work is contained in the edition of 1639, the Table or anything suggestive of it does not
printed at the Hague, 12°, pp. 57 [i blank], occur in this poem.
Tractatus de Vero Sale Secreto Philosophorum, & de Universal! Mundi Spiritu,
Gallice primo scriptus a Domino de Nuysement, nunc simplicissimo stylo
Latine versus a Ludovico Combachio, D. & Illustrissimorum Hassiae P. P.
Medico Ordinario. Liber non minus curiosus quam proficuus, utpote tractans
de cognitione verae Medicinae Chemicae. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud
Arnoldum Donde, Anno 1671.
12°. Pp. [16] 244 [4 blank]. Title red and black.
148 NUYSEMENT—NYMPHEN-FANG
NUYSEMENT JACQUES). Continued.
[Another issue, 1672.]
12°. Pp. [16] 244 [4 blank]. Title red and black.
This is a re-issue of the preceding with a change 12°. For German translations see the cross
of date. It appeared first in French : Traittez references.
du way sel secret des Philosophes, et de I Esprit The English translation was made apparently
general du Monde, . . . Paris, 1621, 8°, pp. [26] from the Latin of Combachius by Robert Turner,
332 [2, 2 blank]. It was reprinted at the Hague, who also turned some of Paracelsus' works into
1639, 12°, pp. [22] 115 [i blank] ; translated into English. It was issued twice with different title-
Latin by Combach as above, and printed at Cassel, pages but with no other alteration.
1651, 8°, pp. [16] 212 [2], and at Frankfurt, 1716,
The first title-page is as follows :
Sal. Lumen, & Spiritus Mundi Philosophici : or, The dawning of the Day, discovered
by the beams of Light : shewing the true Salt and Secret of the Philosophers, the first
and universal Spirit of the World. Written originally in French, afterwards turned
into Latin, by the illustrious Doctor, Ludovicus Combachius, ordinary Physitian to the
King, and publick Professor of Physick in the University of Mompelier. And now
transplanted into Albyons Garden, by R. T. 3>i\ofj,a8. Printed at London, by J. C.
for Martha Harrison, at the Lamb at the East-end of S. Pauls. 1657.
Small 8°, [2 blank, 30] 220, [2 of advertisements, 2 blank].
This title was cancelled and the following substituted for it :
Fundamenta Chymica : or A Sure Guide into the high and rare Mysteries of
Alchymie by L. C. Philomedico Chymicus. London, Printed by William Godbid,
for William Barlow, without Aldersgate, 1658.
Small 8°, [2 blank, 30], 220. The last four pages cancelled in all the copies I have seen.
Von dem wahren geheimen Saltz der Philosophorum.
See MONTE-CUBITI (v. DE), Dreyfaches Hermetisches Kleeblat, 1667, p. i.
Vom wahren Salz der Weisen und dem allgemeinen Geist der Welt.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 230.
A series of excerpts only.
See BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR), Die ganze hohere Chemie, 1787, p. i.
Contains a translation into German, different from that in the ' Kleeblat.'
Concordantz iiber des Nuysements Sal cceleste.
See SPIESS ( ), Pater.
Tractat von dem wahren geheimen Salz der Philosophen, und allgemeinen Welt-
geiste.
See H. (c. G.), Eines wahren Adepti besondere Geheimnisse von der Alchymie,
1757, P- 233-
By Schmieder he is called Jaque Nuysement, and in the duchy of Bar. He was regarded by the true
in the British Museum catalogue he is entered as philosophers as a mere compiler. He must not be
Jacques Nuisement, Baron. He himself states that confoundedwithClovisHestau,SieurdeNuysement>
he was receiver general of the county of Ligny, who published a volume of poems at Paris, 1578,4°'
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 169, 251. col. 1001 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
Georg Caspar Kirchmaier, Nocliluca Constans, ungen, 1816, v. col. 871.
1676, Sig. 63 verso. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, p. 526.
1697, p. 33, cap. 1., and reprinted by Mangel, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 506.
Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 48, cap. li. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 358.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Olliffe, Les Alchimistes d'autrefois, 1842, p. 140.
1731, II. i. p. 420. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 331 ;
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxiv. col. 1618. 1869, ii. p. 323.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic \jaAr&%u&,BibliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 393, 477 ; iii. pp. 96, 249. Moscou, 1870, Nos. 1119-26.
Jocher, Allgemrines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, Hi.
NYMPHEN-FANG.
Philosophischer Nymphen-Fang, 1679.
See PHILARETES (HONORIUS).
OBERLEIN—OBERNDORFFER 149
OBERLEIN (CASPAR).
Oleum Antimonii : die Fixatio, sein Quinta Essentia.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz: vnd Kunstkammer, 1614, ii.
p. 293.
See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 579.
Oberlein is the name of the author as it appears in the text, but in the table of contents it has the
form Eberlein.
OBERNDORFFER QOHANN).
Apologia Chymico-Medica Practica Johan. Oberndorfferi : Com. Palat. Caesarei :
&c. Adversus illiberales Martini Rulandi Person. Medici Calumnias.
Basilius. Ad calumnias tacendum non est, non ut contradicendo nos ulcis-
camur : sed ne Mendacio inoffensum progressum permittamus ; aut eos,
qui seducti sunt, damno inhaerere sinamus.
'EXevdepov yap avSpos TdXr)6f} Xeyfiv.
Quae vera sunt, loqui virum ingenuum decet.
Ex Typographeo Forsteriano. MDCX.
4°. Pp. [12] 88 [3, i blank].
Though the place of printing is not mentioned, Descriptio horti medici, qui Ratisbonae est, Ratisb. ,
Van der Linden says it was Amberg, and I have 1621, 8°.
no doubt that that is correct, as Michael Forster In the present work he incidentally gave a few
was printing there at that time. biographical facts, and made a violent attack upon
Oterndorffer, or Oberndorffer, or Johann von Martinus Rulandus, the younger, and his chemical
Oberndorff, lived at the end of the sixteenth and remedies, but he did not on that account reject
beginning of the seventeenth centuries, but the these, but claimed to have himself used them
exact dates of his birth and death are not given. thirty years before. Rulandus wrote a reply :
He travelled much, remained a long time in Italy, Alexicacus Chymiatricus, Francof. , 1611, 4°, q.v.
practised medicine at Gratz in Styria, and then The manuscript works left by Oberndorffer were
went to Regensburg as physician. He was a to have been published by his son-in-law, Johann
Count Palatine and was councillor and private Ste^phan Strobelberger, but this never came to pass,
physician to several princes, and was still living at On the other hand Oberndorffer wrote an address
an advanced age in 1621. to the reader and a set of verses for Strobelberger's
He wrote several books : De veri et falsi Medici Tractaius . . . de Cocco Baphica (Kermes or
agnitione tractatus, Lavingiae, 1600, 4° ; De febre Cochineal), Jena, 1620, 4°. The address is dated
Ungarica, Francof. , 1607, 4° ; Epistolae aliquot Ratisbonae, 29 Aprilis, 1620.
medicoe, in the Cista Medica, Norib. , 1625, 4°'
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxv. col. 144.
1637, p. 294. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, pp. Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 250.
12 a, loib, 1573, 268 b. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicott, 1751, iii.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686 p. 651. col. 1007.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1777.
1731, II. i. p. 421. ii. pp. 318, 340, 424.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Gmelin, Geschichie der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 345,
P- 596. 571, 580-
1 50 OBSER VA TIONES—OCCUL TA
[OBSERVATIONES quaedam ad decantatum, ita dictum, physicum, seu Philoso-
phorum Lapidem, spectantes.]
8°. Pp. 40.
No place, date, or printer.
The above is a sort of bastard title. The tract was printed in the latter part of the eighteenth century.
OBSERVATIONS sur la Physique, sur 1'Histoire Naturelle et sur les Arts, avec
des Planches en Taille-douce ; Dedie"es a Msr- Le Comte D'Artois ; Par M.
l'Abb£ Rozier, de plusieurs Academies; par M. J. A. Mongez le jeune,
Chanoine Regulier de Sainte Genevieve, des Academies Royales des Sciences
de Rouen, de Dijon, de Lyon, &c., &c., & par M. de la Metherie, Docteur
en Medecine, de 1' Academic de Dijon. Janvier 1787. Tome XXX. [-XCVI.
& Table Gene'rale.] A Paris, Au Bureau du Journal de Physique,
rue & hotel Serpente. M. DCC. LXXXVII. [-M. DCCC. XXIII. ] Avec
Privilege du Roi.
Of this journal and its continuations there are 67 There is a Table gdnerale by L. Cotte, of the
volumes, from 1787 to 1823. The set begins with contents of the ' Journal de Physique ' from 1787 to
Tome xxx. as above, and the volumes to xxxvi. are 1802, that is of the preceding 26 volumes,
dedicated to the Comte d'Artois. The following The journal was founded in 1752 by Gauthier-
three volumes are dedicated to Charles Philippe D'Agoty and continued by Toussaint. It was taken
Bourbon, and the next two to Charles Philippe, over by Rozier in 1771, edited first by himself, and
Prince Francois. Vols. xlii. and xliii., for 1793, then along with Mongez and de la Metherie.
have no dedication and no privilege. Jacques Gauthier-D'Agoty (b. at Marseilles, d. at
With the following volume the title changes : Paris, 1785) was an artist and anatomist at Dijon,
Journal de Physique, de Chirnie et d'Histoire who wrote on colour, physics, anatomy, etc.
Naturelle, avec des Planches en Taille-douce ; par Franfois Rozier (1734-1793) was an abb£, doctor
Jean-Claude Lametherie, and it is called Tome of theology, director of the Royal Veterinary school
Premier. It was published : Nivose 2nd year of at Lyons, etc. He wrote a course of agriculture,
the Republic, i.e. 1794, but in the second volume etc. He was killed in his bed by a bomb-shell
' 1794 vieux stile ' is added. during the siege of Lyons.
This new numeration is retained in four volumes Jean Andr6 Mongez (1751-1788), abbe, perished
only. in Laperouse's expedition. He was the author of
There was a blank of four years in the publica- papers on meteorology and mineralogy,
tion between Tomes ii. and iii. Jean Claude de la Metherie (1743-1817), M.D.,
With the volume for the year VII., i.e. '1799 professor of natural history at the College de
v. si.,' the old numeration is resumed and it appears France, was the author of works on physics,
as Tome xlviii. This numeration continues to the geology, mineralogy, etc.
end of the series. Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1778-1850),
Tome Ixi., 1805, still bears 'an XIII.' but with M.D., was professor of zoology, anatomy, and corn-
Tome Ixii., 1806, the 'vieux stile' resumes its old parative physiology at Paris, and wrote largely on
place, and the year of the republic vanishes after these subjects,
lasting 13 years. Louis Cotte (1740-1815), was priest of the Oratory,
In Tome Ixxxiv. , for 1817, de la Metherie has the professor of philosophy and then of theology at the
name of H. M. Ducrotay de Blainville as joint editor, College of Montmorency, keeper of the library of
and in Tome lxxxv.de la Me'therie's name is wanting. Ste. -Genevieve. He wrote papers on mathematics,
The series ends with Tome xcvi. for the first half of meteorology, physics.
1823. This is the conclusion of the journal.
OCCULTA (De) Magico-Magnetica Morborum quorundam curatione naturali,
Tractatus.
See SCHMUCK (MARTIN).
OCCULTA Philosophia von den verborgenen Philosophischen Geheimnussen der
heimlichen Goldblumen, vnd Lapidis Philosophorum, was derselbige : vnd wie
zu Erlangung dessen zu procediren, aufsfuhrlicher Bericht in einem Philoso-
phischen Gesprach verfasset, sampt Der Schmaragd-Taffel, Paraboln, Symbolis,
vnd 1 8. sonderbaren Figuren, der hochberiihmten Philosophen Hermetis Tris-
megisti, vnd F. Basilii Valentini durch welche diese Kunst der Philosophischen
NIVERSITY
OCCULTA—OCELL US
OCCULTA Philosophia. Continued.
Goldblumen vollkomlich erklaret an Tag gegeben. Gedruckt zu Franck-
furt am Mayn durch Johann Bringern. Anno M.DC.XII1.
4°. Pp. [8] 78. Title red and black. Vignette : Senior and Adolphus with the tree
of the metals between. 14 symbolic woodcuts.
Das erste Theil : Ein Colloquium oder Gesprech
zwischen einem alien [Senior] vnd jungen Studen-
ten [Adolphus], p. i.
Das ander Theil : Aureliae Occultae Philoso-
phorum, p. 47.
Verba Hermetis in Pimandro, p. 49.
Schmaragt Tafel Hermetis, p. 50.
Symbolum Fratris Basilii Valentini, p. 52.
The dedication to Ludwig Georg, Count of Stol-
berg, Konigstein, Rochefort, Wernigeroda and
Hohenstein, dated 8 January, 1613, is signed by
Bringer, the printer. He says the collection was
made by a diligent lover of the subject, so that it
might be acquired without special trouble.
A former owner has written : Dieser Tractat ist
Echt und Recht ; Sehr Rahr zu haben.
OCCULTA PHILOSOPHIA.
Von der Occulta Chemicorum Philosophia, ein Kurtzer Tractat
See BASIL VALENTIN, Triumph wagen Antimonii, 1624, p. 561.
Die drey letzten Capital de Occulta Philosophorum Chymia.
See CHYMISCH-UNTERIRDISCHER Sonnen-Glantz, 1728, p. 24.
This last excerpt is in verse.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1048-50.
OCCULTA (De) Philosophia. Epistola cujusdam Patris ad Filium.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 852.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes^ 1870, No. 1035.
OCELLUS. "flKeAAos 6 Aev/cavos irepi "njs TOV iravros
Brevis & absoluta qualitatum elementarium enarratio.
Neobarium, Regium Typographum. 1539.
Sm. 4°. Sigs. a, 0 ; or, ff. [8].
Parisiis per Conradum
Ocellus, called Lucanus, because he belonged to
Lucania, was of the school of Pythagoras, but his
date is uncertain. From the vocabulary and
phraseology used Meiners infers that the author
could not have been an old Pythagorean, but must
have lived subsequently to Plato and Aristotle, and
Mullach places him as late as the first century B.C.
Of his writings besides the above there remain
ragments of a book on law ; others on sovereignty
and health are lost.
Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum,
1710, p. 6.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. pp. 13 (II. i. 2. §3);
322 (II. ii. i. ii. §7).
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxv. col. 338.
Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, Hi.
col. 1014.
Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1767, i.
pp. 818, 1 1 22.
Meiners, Geschichte des Ursprungs, Fortgangs
und Verfalls der Wissenschaften in Griechenland
und Rom, Lemgo, 1781, i. p. 584.
Christoph Gottfried Bardili, Epochen der vorziig-
lichsten philosophischen Begri/e, 1788, i. p. 130
(System des Ocellus) ; p. 163 (Aechtheit des Ocellus
und Timiius).
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Gra-ca, ed. Harles, 1790,
i. pp. 855-59.
Fiilleborn, Beytrdge zur Geschichte der Philo-
sophie, Jena u. Leipzig, 1799, lotes St. pp. 1-77.
The present work is in four books : i° Of the
Universe ; 2° Of the composition of the Universe ;
3° Of man and his origin ; 4° Of the duties of man,
chiefly as to marriage.
The present book is the first edition and is in
Greek. The Latin version appeared in 1541 ; it
was translated into French, 1762 ; and by Thomas
Taylor into English, 1831, 8°, pp. [xi. i blank] 96,
along with writings by Taurus, Julius Firmicus
Maternus and Proclus, and a notice of Ocellus.
Biographie Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25). vi. p. 333-
Biographie Untverselle, 1822, xxxi. p. 484 ; no
date, xxxi. p. 141.
Schweiger, Handbuch der classischen Biblio-
graphic, 1830, i. p. 215.
Grasse, Lehrbvch einer allgemeimen Literdrge-
schicfile, 1837, I. i. p. 394.
Mullach, Fragmenta Philosophorum Greccorum,
1845 ; Paris, Didot, 1860, i. p. 383.
Diogenes Laertius, De claromm Philosophorum
Vitis, . . . libri decem, ed. Cobet (lib. viii. 80),
Paris Didot, 1850, p. 223.
Nouvelle Biographie Gtnerale, 1862, xxxviii. col.
428.
Graesse, Trtsor de Livres Rares, 1864, v. p. 4.
Engelmann, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classicorum,
1880, i. p. 526.
152
OCYOR US—OECONOMISCHE
OCYORUS (TARQUISTIUS).
Experiment Biichlein von xx. Pestilentzwurtzeln.
See APOLLINARIS (QUINTUS), Kurtzes Hand-Buchlein, 1659, f. clxxiiij.
Ocyorus, or Ocyorius, is also called Schnelleu-
bergius, Med. Doct. of Dortmund.
The title given by various authorities is : De
viginti quinque radicibus pesti resistentibus, and
numerous editions are quoted. With Apollinaris
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 441.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovalus, 1686, p. 990
(Argent., 1589, 8°, only).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1740, xxv. col. 428
(from Van der Linden).
as above : Strasburg, 1633, 1651, 1677, 1700.
Separately : Konigsberg, 1551, 1555, 4° ; Francof.,
1546, 12° ; 1552, 8° ; 1563, 1579 ; Strasburg, 1577,
18°; 1587, 1589, 1594, 1621, 8°; Frankfurt, 1613,
8° ; Annaberg, 1680, 8°.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1017 (calls him ' Ocyotus ') ; Rotermund's
Fortsetzung und Ergdnsungen, 1816, v. col. 920.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
p. 114.
ODOMARUS.
Practica, ad discipulum.
See GRATAROLO (a), Verae Alchemize
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii.
There are two accounts of this writer.
One, the earliest authority for which, so far as I
know, is Lenglet Dufresnoy, is that he was practis-
ing the Hermetic Art in 1330. Gmelin calls him a
monk, which may be justified by the fact that he
addresses his disciple as ' frater Ludovicus,' saying
at the same time that he is violating all the rules of
the sages in revealing the secret. Schmieder
decorates these bare statements and depicts the
monk in his cloister at Paris working hard at
alchemy in spite of the pope's bull against the
alchemists. He describes him as a true teacher
who stated what he knew, but that he was more of
a worker than an author, and he quotes his pre-
paration of common salt.
Hoefer following the same line calls him a monk
who pursued alchemy in Paris about the middle of
the i4th century, in the reign of Philippe of Valois.
He quotes the advice which Odomarus gives, to
guard against the fumes which are liable to be pro-
duced in alchemical operations by stopping the
nostrils with cotton dipped in oil of violets, and
refers to his method of preparing aqua regia.
The other account is given by Zedler. Accord-
ing to^it Odomarus was a ' physicus ' of the i7th
century, and wrote not only the ' Practica,' but the
six or seven tracts following it in the above collec-
tions.
From the way in which these books are printed,
there is some colour for this statement of Zedler's,
but at the same time he seems to have credited him
with too many. Judging from the arrangement of
the tracts and the sub-divisions, the following seem
to be the most that could be assigned to Odomarus :
Practica ad discipulum, Theatrum Chemicum,
1659, iii. p. 166.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 170.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxv. col. 507.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 468 ; iii. pp. 36, 52.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 59.
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Erganzungen zu
. . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816, v.
col. 936.
. doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 249.
p. 1 66.
Arcanum philosophorum ut ex Saturno facias
Aurum perfectum, p. 168.
Perfecta salis communis praeparatio ad lapidem
philosophorum, p. 168.
Historiola antiqua de Argento in Aurum verso,
p. 170, ending p. 172.
The ' Tractatus de Marchasita ' and the others
which are quoted by Zedler apparently belong to
other writers.
Oddly enough Zedler refers not to the Theatrum
CAemicum,bultothe Thesaurus cAymtcus, Strassb.,
1613, iii. I do not know a collection of that name
and date, but there is the Theatrum Chemicum,
Argent., 1613, and the above tracts are in vol. iii.,
pp. 154-161. They are also in the Theatrum
Chemicum, Ursellis, 1602, iii. pp. 164-171.
The 'Practica,' as its name denotes, is a series
of directions for certain preparations and experi-
ments, with silver, lead, mercury, common salt,
green vitriol, saltpetre. By heating Roman vitriol
one part, saltpetre one part, common salt two parts
in an alembic the author got a corrosive liquid
which attacked all metals, ' even mercury,' and he
calls it 'aqua calcinationis omnium metallorum.'
But to the mixture he also added half a part of
quick lime, possibly with the idea of increasing its
corrosive effect.
One writer at least has affirmed that the above
tract was brought out in a new edition by Ortho-
lanus in 1358, under the title ' Practica vera
Alkimica.' Comparison of the two tracts, however,
does not confirm this, and so far I have failed to
see any connection between them. If Ortholanus
edited Odomarus' tract he has edited it out of
existence, or at least past recognition.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Chemie, 1832, p. 185.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 416 ;
1866, i. p. 441.
Ladrague, Bibliothbque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 798.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 348.
OECONOMISCHE Maximen, 1728.
See K. (c. A.).
OERTEL 153
OERTEL (EUCHARIUS FERDINAND CHRISTIAN).
Universal- Wasserdoktor. Oder : Die herrlichen Wirkungen des kalten Badens
und Trinkens des kalten Wassers zur Starkung des menschlichen Korpers,
Verhiitung und Heilung vieler Krankheiten, namentlich des Fiebers und
verschiedener Leibesgebrechen. Nebst einem Anhange von den Heilkraften
des Essigs und der Milch. Von drei beriihmten Aerzten J. Floyer, einem
engl. Dr., Friedr. Hoffmann, dem beriihmten Hallischen Arzt, und J. Han-
cocke, einem engl. Dr. Neu bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Prof. Oertel
in Ansbach. Zweite Auflage. Schw. Hall u. Leipzig, F. F. Haspel'sche
Buch- und Kunsthandlung.
12°. No date, but after 1833.
Each tract has a separate title, and separate pagination. The tracts are :
Dr. John Floyer, ein englischer Arzt, von den herrlichen Wirkungen des kalten
Badens und Trinkens des kalten Wassers zur Starkung des menschlichen Korpers,
Verhiitung und Heilung vieler Krankheiten und Leibesgebrechen. Aus dem Englischen.
Nebst einem Anhange : Von den Heilkraften des Essigs und der Milch. Fiinfte ver-
besserte und vermehrte Auflage vom Professor Oertel in Ansbach. Schw. Hall u.
Leipzig, F. F. Haspel'sche Buch- und Kunsthandlung.
Pp. i.-xii. [13-15] 16-140.
Dr. Friedrich Hoffmann, jener beriihmte Hallische Arzt, vom Wasser als Univer-
salmedizin. Neu aus dem Lateinischen iibersetzt und erlautert vom Professor Oertel
in Ansbach. Nebst einem Hoffmannischen Nachlasse. Zweite Auflage. Schw. Hall
u. Leipzig, F. F. Haspel'sche Buch- und Kunsthandlung.
Pp. i.-viii. [9] 10-98.
Dr. John Hancocke, ein englischer Wasserarzt, vom gemeinen Wasser als dem
besten Fiebermittel. Neu bearbeitet und erlautert vom Professor Oertel in Ansbach.
Zweite Auflage. Schw. Hall u. Leipzig, F. F. Haspel'sche Buch und Kunsthand-
lung.
Pp. [>]i.-iv. [5] 6-60.
Oertel was born at the Ansbach village of Besides the present reprint he wrote also a
Streitberg, 18 May, 1765. He received his first history of the subject with the following title :
instruction from his father, and on his death Geschichte der Wasserheilkunde von Moses bis
attended the school at Neustadt on the Aisch, auf unsere Zeiten : zum Beweise, dafs das frische
where he remained till about 1785, when he went Wasser ein Allheilmittel ist. Leipzig, Verlag von
to the University of Erlangen for philosophy and Heinrich Franke, 1835, small 8°, pp. viii. 200, with
theology. He, however, did not confine himself a portrait.
to these subjects, but acquired English, Italian, This is a chronology with short notes and a list
Spanish, Arabic, and studied medicine. In 1789 of the writings of all those who have dealt with
he took the degree of doctor of philosophy, and water as a curative agent. He mentions Floyer,
acted as tutor in the family of von Seckendorff of p. 50, Nos. 104-5; Hancocke, p. 54, No. no;
Oberzenn, whence he removed to Ansbach as third Hoffmann, p. 64, Nos. 127-134. He refers also to
master in the Gymnasium. He held this post for the third edition of the present collection by him,
thirty-two years, and retired in 1827. He died Scheible, 1834. The ' Geschichte ' is an interesting
16 May, 1850. work, and though small it shows much research.
He was a copious writer, and a long list of his His autobiography is not to be passed over :
works is given in his autobiography and in the Professor Dr. Oertel in Ansbach, keiner Aka-
Nekrolog. They include translations of the classics, demie Mitglied, keiner Behorde Rath, keines
works on theology, and on the healing virtues of Ordens Ritter, &c. , als Theolog, Philolog und
cold water, a subject which during the last ten Hydrolog von ihm selbst dargestellt. Nebst Vei-
years of his life he advocated with persistence and zeichnifs seiner 70 Druckschriften.
energy. Geboren in Streitberg, 13 Mai 1765.
In connection with this subject he makes a Gestorben in Friedberg, Ev. Job. 21, 23.
display in his autobiography (p. 128) of his Ein Spiegel fur Gelehrte und Ungelehrte. [Mil
humour, his scholarship, and his poetic vein, for dem Bildnifs des Verfassers.]
he has there an ode in German and Greek Cic. N. D. ii. 2.
Eii rov 'Y5<op, which is an adaptation of that of Opinionum commenta delet dies,
Anacreon. It begins: e«?'A<o \tyeiv rbv Olvov, and Naturae judicia confirmat.
in German: Ich will vom Weine reden, &c., and Der Meinungen Traumereien vernichtet die Zeit,
he goes on to state that though he wished to sing Der Natur Ausspriiche bestatigt sie.
the praises of wine his barbitos would have none of Erlangen in der Palm'schen Verlagsbuchhandlung,
it and, in fact, threw cold water on all his efforts. 1840, 8°, pp. viii. 172 [i, i blank].
It can be commended to the attention of the hydro- This is a quaint book, and the portrait (as also
pathists and water drinkers of to-day. that in the other book) depicts him as a man of
great humour.
154 OERTEL—OLIVERIIS
OERTEL (EUCHARIUS FERDINAND CHRISTIAN). Continued.
Neuer Nekrolog der Deutschen, 28, i. pp. den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p.
338-346. 408 (article by Pagel).
Callisen, Medicinisches Schriftsteller-Lexicon, Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1887, xxiv. p.
1833, xiv. p. 96 ; xxxi. pp. 73-76. 434.
Dlctionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Midi- Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1889, x. p. 84.
cales, 2eme Se"rie, 1882, xvii. p. 717. See also the notes to Floyer, Hoffmann and
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- Hancocke respectively.
OFFENBARUNG der Geheimnussen der Alchimy.
See VOGEL (HEINRICH).
OFFENBARUNG (Von) der philosophischen materien und dingen, aufs welchem
volbracht wird die Meisterschafft inn wiirckung defs edlen vnd gebenedeyten
Steins der Philosophen.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614,
Part iii., p. I.
See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 593.
Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 105.
OFFENBARUNG Gottlicher Majestat.
See GUTMANN (/EGIDIUS).
OFFENBAHRUNG.
See CHYMIPHILUS (j. J.), Der wahren Chymischen Weisheit Offenbahrung, 1720.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 52.
OHRSCHALL QOHANN CHRISTIAN).
See ORSCHALL (JOHANN CHRISTIAN).
OLEUM ANTIMONIL
See OBERLEIN (CASPAR).
OLEUM PHILOSOPHORUM.
De Oleo Philosophorum.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, 1598, Tractatus iii. p. 205.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi,
P- 359-
See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 314.
See [SCHATZ und Kunst Kammer], p. 359.
OLEUM VITRIOLI.
See BACON (ROGER).
OLIVERIIS (OLIVERUS DE).
Tractatus Duo. De Lapide Philosophorum Conficiendo Vnus De Auro
Potabili Alter. Auctore Olivero De Oliveriis Tudertino.
Place and date torn off.
8°. Pp. 102 [i, i blank].
The dedication to Ferdinando Gonzaga, Uuke of He had the intensest admiration of chemistry,
Mantua and Montferrat, is dated : Mantuag, xiii. believed thoroughly in transmutation because the
Kal. Martij CIO.I3.C.XX., from which it is pro- metals had a common origin from sulphur and
bable that the book was printed there in that year. mercury; he distinguished between the true chemists
The author signs the dedication as Oliverus Oliver- and the alchemists, and he himself was not without
ius Tudertinus, but I have found no notice of him. some experimental skill.
OL1 VERIIS—OP USCULUM 1 55
OLIVER! IS (OLIVERUS DE). Continued.
See GINJECEUM CH1MICUM, 1679, p. 415.
In this reprint the dedication is omitted.
ONUPHRIUS DE MARSCIANO (FRANCISCUS).
See MARSCIANO (FRANCISCUS ONUPHRIUS DE).
OPERA Arcta.
See GRATA REPOA, 1785.
This tract was first published in 1770. Murr Judging from the names it seems to be a rifaci-
points out that Grata Repoa is an anagram of mento from ordinary classical authorities made
Arcta Opera and that the Masonic degrees are about 1770, the sceptico-superstitious and credulous
emblematically unfolded under the guise of Egyptian period of the eighteenth century. Egypt has very
mysteries. It was reprinted in 1778 by Stahlbaum little to do with it. Heckethorn confesses his
in Berlin, and included with notes in Part II. of the ignorance of the meaning of the two mysterious
Freymaurer-Bibliothek, pp. 1-24. words Grata Repoa.
Heckethorn has devoted a chapter to this book : There is an allusion to chemistry in the book —
'Grata Repoa, or Highest Degree of Egyptian for in the fifth degree the symbol was fire, the
Initiation.1 He has given an abstract of it and the password was Chymia, and the instruction of the
mode of initiation into the successive seven degrees. candidate was in chemistry.
Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- Heckethorn, The Secret Societies of all Ages and
kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 87. Countries, 1897, i. pp. 51-56.
OPUS ad Album.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 957.
OPUS breve ad Rubeum cum sole per aquas fortes.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 984.
OPUS Jovis.
See MAGNi PHILOSOPHORUM Arcani Revelator, 1688, p. 305.
OPUS Mulierum.
See ALCHlMlA(De) Opuscula, 1550, i. f. 135.
See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . volumina, 1610, ii. p. in.
Weiber- Arbeit.
See ARN ALDUS de Villa Nova, Chymische Schrifften, 1748, p. 359.
Das Weiber Werck.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. p. 154.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, ii. p. 198
See also LUDUS Puerorum.
OPUS Philosophicum.
See OPUS jovis.
OPUS Saturni.
See HOLLANDUS (ISAAC).
OPUSCULA de Alchimia.
See ALCHIMIA, 1550.
OPUSCULUM philosophic! lapidis secreta metaphorice describens.
See GIN^ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 566.
1 56
ORSCHALL
ORSCHALL (JOHANN CHRISTIAN).
Sol sine Veste. Oder Dreyfsig Experimenta dem Gold seinen Purpur aufszu-
ziehen, welches theils die Destructionem auri vorstellet, mit angehangtem
Unterricht, den schon langst verlangten Rubin-Flufs oder Rothe Glafs, in
hochster Perfection zubereiten, ans Licht gegeben aus eigener Erfahrung
von J. C. O. Augspurg, gedruckt bey Jacob Koppmayr, Anno 1684.
12°. Pp. [22] 68 [2 blank].
[Another Copy.]
Sol sine Veste. Oder Dreyfsig Experimenta dem Gold seinen Purpur auszu-
ziehen, welches theils die Destructionem Auri vorstellet, mit angehangtem
Unterricht, den schon langst verlangten Rubin-Flufs oder Rothe Glafs, in
hochster Perfection zubereiten, ans Licht gegeben aus eigener Erfahrung von
J. C. O. Hochfiirstl. Hefsischen Berg-Inspector. Cassel, Bey Johann
Bertram Cramer. 1742.
12°. Pp. [l-I7] 18-84.
Schmieder quotes an edition of Augsburg, 1739,
4°. ' Sol sine Veste ' has been ascribed to Grum-
Sol sine Veste.
See VANDERBEEG (l. C.), 1739.
See APELLES, 1684.
Beckmann tells us that Orschall was at Dresden,
in 1682, in the service of Johann Heinrich Rudolff
from whom he acquired, in particular, the method
of amalgamation by which he made money in
Bohemia. He afterwards became a mining officer
in Hesse, but got into trouble "by polygamy and
other irregularities," and died in a monastery in
Poland.
To what Beckmann has said, Strieder has added
that Orschall was appointed on Dec. 29, 1684, by
Count Carl, to be Mining Inspector at Frankenberg,
because he had promised to make the mine there
one of the best and most complete in the whole
empire, by his skill and experience, in the course of
two or three years. This, however, he was not
able to accomplish, and he was discharged appar-
ently in 1687, and then vanished without leaving a
trace behind him, though Strieder says he appears
to have been at Cassel in 1688.
He was the author of several books, in addition
to the above. The following are reported :
Wunderdrey d. i. Beschreibung dreyer dem
Ansehen nach unannehmlicher, der Practic nach
aber wohl practicabler Particularien, aus eigener
Kxperientz von einem Liebhaber der Chymie,
Augsb., 1684, 12°; Cassel, 1696-8, 1737, 1753, 12°.
Wunderdreyes Continuatio . . ., 1686, 12° ;
Cassel, 1737, 12°.
On p. 6, the author refers to a Historia Metal-
lorum by him, which is possibly that published by
David Kellner : Praxis metallica curiosa, oder
curieus angestellte und experimentirte Schmelz-
proben von einem wohlerfahrnen Erzki'mdiger,
Nordhausen, 1693, 8°; 1701, 8°; 1707, 8°.
Ars fusoria fundamentalis et experimentalis,
d.i. griindliche und aus Erfahrenheit stammende
Schmeltz-Kunst, oder griindlicher Unterricht vom
Rohschmeltzen, Rosten und Seigern, aus sonder-
bahren Ursachen herausgegeben vom Hoch-Fiirstl.
Hess. Berg- und Hiittenwerks-Inspectore [without
met (q.v. ), as in Kurze Nachricht von den Metal-
lischen Gldfsern, Leipzig, 1767, p. 12 (y.v. ).
his name], Cassel, 1689, 12° ; 1730, 12° ; 1750, 12°.
Leupold calls it a rare book which gives sound
instruction on the subject.
In Sol sine Veste, Beckmann says he gave a
clearer account of the making of ruby glass than
any one before him, though it was from Cassius he
learned how to make gold-purple by means of tin,
and glass containing this substance had been
manufactured to some extent. He made attempts
to extract a purple colour out of gold without the
gold itself.
Stahl, referring to the full treatment of certain
topics by Cassius in his book on gold, adds: Cui
tamen merito adjungitur libellus laude sua nequa-
quam privandus sub titulo, Sol sine veste. Stahl
apparently did not know the author's name, but
esteemed the book.
His little tract was attacked in several publica-
tions :
' Apelles post tabulam observans maculas in sole
sine veste.' ' A worthless production. '
' Helioscopium videndi sine veste solem chymi-
cum.'
'Sol non sine veste,' by Christopher Grummet
(q.v. ), to whom Orschall's work has sometimes
been erroneously allocated.
These are contained in Holbach's French trans-
lation of Neri, Merret, and Kunckel, 1752.
Orschall's works appeared in French :
Oeuvres Mdtallurgiques . . . contenant I. 1'art de
la fonderie ; II. un traitd de liquation; III. un
trait6 de la maceration des mines; IV. le traite' des
trois merveilles . . . Paris, . . . 1760, 12°, pp.
xxxij. 394 [i, i blank], folding plate. Strieder
mentions an edition of 1761. The translator is
said to have been Demachy.
Fictuld says that if the author I. C. O. , who was
unknown to him, meant only to make ruby-glass,
he had nothing to say against it, but if he meant
that by his process one could attain to the Hermetic
ORSCHALL— OR THOLANUS
157
1684, calls him J. C. O. throughout, until on the
last page he states that while his tractlet was in the
press he had got positive information that the
author of 'Sol sine veste' was Johann Christian
Orschall. But Fictuld may have missed this.
Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, ii. p. 130.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 98.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der h'ohern Chemie, 1785,
PP- 535. 637-
Beckmann, Beytrdge zur Geschichte der Erfin-
dungen, 1786, i. p. 386. English translation, 1814,
i. p. 205.
Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelehr-
len und Schriftsteller Geschichte, 1795, x. pp. 107-
no (under Ohrschall).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 27,
28, 166 ; 1799, iii. pp. 69.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 454.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. n ; ii. pp. 338,
372.
ORSCHALL (JOHANN CHRISTIAN). Continued.
tincture and get the philosophers' stone out of gold,
it was mere deception, and he had much better
have burnt his experiments than have published
them to the world.
It is curious that Fictuld should not have known
Orschall by name. The author of 'Apelles,' in
Keren Happuch . . . oder Teulsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 122 (where he is put among
the 'phantasts').
J. H. Rudolff, Elementa Amalgamations,
Arnstadt. 1712, 4°. See the German translation,
in Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum,
1730, ii. p. 414.
Stahl, Fundamenta Chymiae dogmaticae et ex-
perimentalis, Pars. ii. Tract, ii. pp. 45, 46, 148.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce,
1732, p. 107.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 300.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Ltxicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1105 (under Orschall) ; Rotermund's Fortset-
zung und Erganzungen, 1816, v. col. 1006 (under
Ohrschall).
ORTHELIUS.
Epilogus & Recapitulatio in Michaelis SendivogI Poloni Novum Lumen
Chymicum Opera & Studio 'AvS/aos "Op6o<s "HAios. In gratiam genuinorum
Hermetis filiorum publici juris facti. Anno M.DC.XXIV.
8°. Signatures F to V in eights. Pp. [i] 230.
This is the appendix to the edition of Sendivogius' Lumen chymicum novum, by Orthelius.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum, 1624.
. Commentarius in Novum Lumen Chymicum Michaelis Sendivogii Poloni, xn.
figuris in Germania repertis illustratum.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 397.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 516.
Commentatio in Epistolam Joh. Pontani de Lapide Philosophorum.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1 66 1, vi. p. 489.
Discursus de Epistola Andraese de Blawen.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 470.
Explicatio Verborum Marias Prophetissse.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 480.
Little more is said about Orthelius than that he
wrote the commentary on Sendivogius, but rather
different opinions have been expressed about the
author's merits. Lenglet Dufresnoy found him to
be not so complicated as others, but to have
written simply and naturally. His remarks de-
serve the attention of 'artists,' and by close scrutiny
of the commentary and comparison of it with the
Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 123.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 386, 478 ; iii. pp. 57, 58,
72.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
P- 535-
ORTHOLANUS.
Practica vera Alkimica Parisiis probata et experta, sub anno Domini millesimo,
trecentesimo, & quinquagesimo octavo, quam Practicam Joannes Dumbeler
epilogus of Sendivogius they may even ascertain
what is the "first mercury of the philosophers."
But forty years earlier a different opinion was
expressed in the Fegfeuer, the adoption of which
may possibly save the intending reader some fruit-
less study : ' ' Ortel is a stupid ' bletherskite ' with-
out skill or understanding. "
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 520.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 334 ;
1869, ii. p. 326.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1098-1101.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 388.
iS8
OR THOLANUS—OR VI US
ORTHOLANUS. Continued.
de Anglia excepit, & compilavit de libris prasfati Magistri inquantum com-
pendiosius potuit & brevius, ex mandate Illustrissimi & Serenissimi Principis
patris Philosophorum, Domini ac Domini Comitis de Falckenstain, divina
providentia Sanctae Treverensis Archiepiscopi, Anno Domini, 1386.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, IV. p. 912.
It may be as well to say at once that beyond the
information given in the title, nothing is known
about this person.
Schmieder calls him Richardus, but without
adducing any authority. Haureau calls him Mar-
tinus Hortolanus, or Ortholanus, who in a French
manuscript of the sixteenth century appears as
Martin Lortholain. The latter certainly occurs,
but he gives no authority for the Latin forms, and
none for coupling Martinus with Hortulanus, what-
ever ground there may be for assigning it to
Ortholanus.
The problem in connection with this person
waiting to be solved is whether Hortulanus, the
author of the Commentary on the Smaragdine
Table, is identical with Ortholanus, the author of
the above tract 'Practica.' Borrichius uses them
as synonymous ; Gmelin merely raises the question
of identity without answering it ; Schmieder holds
that they are different without giving any good
reason ; Haureau maintains that they are the same.
"Haureau is probably right in his contention that
John Garland had nothing to do with the alchemical
writings which pass under the name of Hortulanus,
but it is not necessary on that account to look
about for some one else with whom to identify the
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione metallica Sogni tre,
1599, p. 141.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 172, 251.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, pp. 3, 25.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
HermMque, 1742, i. p. 469 ; iii. pp. 55, 252.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
COl. 1 1 12.
Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus, Gotting, 1761, p. 71.
nominal author. Anyhow, before assuming his
identity with Ortholanus, or Martinus Ortholanus,
or Martin Lortholain, it would be desirable to
determine whether or not the name Hortulanus,
called so 'ab hortis maritimis,' has older authority
than Ortholanus ' ab ortis Martini ' ; whether or
not the manuscripts attributed to each show
identity of authorship, or whether there is internal
evidence of difference. They may have emanated
from the same person, but the point does not
seem to me to be established beyond question by
Haur^au's argument. There seems no prima facie
reason for there not being both a Hortulanus and
an Ortholanus. See also the note to HORTULANUS
and the references there.
Under Odomarus reference has been made to
the statement that the present work is a new edition
of Odomarus' ' Practica,' and that Odomarus is
referred to in it. In Ortholanus' tract I have not
seen any reference to Odomarus, but only to
Hermes, Geber, and Arnoldus, and one or two to
Ortholanus himself, from which it may be inferred
that the tract as it stands is not original, but has
been re-edited as is stated in the title. There is no
apparent connection between the two writings.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 59-60*
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 188.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 417 ;
1866, i. p. 441.
L,a.drague,Bil>ltotAtyue Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 814.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 348.
Catalogue des Manuscrits francais de la Biblio-
theque imperials, 1868, i. No, 1330.
ORTHOMONT (IGNATIUS VON).
Kurtzer Bencht . . . von . . . Ignatii von Orthomont
Astro Solis und Junonischen Saltz. 1719.
See ARNOLD (GUIDO FERDINAND).
. neu-erfundenen
ORVIUS (LUDWIG CONRAD).
Ludovici Conradi Orvii Occulta Philosophia oder Coelum Sapientum et Vexatio
Stultorum. Darinnen ordentlich, deutlich, und griindlich, als noch von
keinem geschehen, gezeiget wird, wie man zu dem acidosischen solventen und
wahren hermetischen Wissenschaft gelangen soil. Wobey zugleich eine sehr
curiose Nachricht von dem Leben des Auctoris und einer Bande Adeptorum
befindlich ist. Jezo zum erstenmahl aus einem sehr alien und raren Manu-
script den Liebhabern der edlen Chimie, und nicht den einfaltigen Spottern,
zu Nutz heraus gegeben. Von L. H. J. V. H. J. D. Gedruckt, in der
Insul der Zufriedenheit. 1737.
8°. Pp. 80. Three hand-coloured drawings inserted. MS. notes appended.
ORVIUS
159
ORVIUS (LUDWIG CONRAD). Continued.
Griindliche Anweisung zu der wahren Hermetischen Wissenschaft, 1751.
See MONTANUS (LUDWIG CONRAD).
The book is without place and printer, but it
may have been printed by Augustinus Crusius at
Erfurt. For in the first edition of Abraham
Eleazar's work, printed by him in 1735, there is a
list of eleven alchemical manuscripts which he was
minded to publish, of which No. 6 is called :
L. C. O. Occulta Philosophia, Coelum Sapientum
et Vexatio Stultorum.
The author, in his preface, describes how very
badly he was used in the year 1622 by a band of
adepts who claimed as their founder a certain
Christian Rose. He was suspected of having
revealed certain of their secrets, he was summoned
before a 'public meeting of these great Pharisees,'
he was accused of Crimen \xsx Majestatis, he was
expelled from the order, and, to make him keep
silence about it, he was threatened with death.
The threat does not seem to have had much effect,
for he describes fully the suffering to which he had
been subjected, and gave an account of the order,
its symbols, greetings, diploma, and mansions.
He makes no mystery of the policy and practice of
these 'Rosians,' who, when they failed to find
the philosophers' stone, had no scruple in appro-
priating the would-be-philosophers' money. The
writer having been a victim could speak definitely
on the subject.
The story looks genuine enough, but it is hard to
tell sometimes when such a story is not an allegory.
Who the writer was and what his name was is
not quite clear. Semler says confidently that his
name was Orvius, and that no reliance is to be
placed on ab Indagine's statement that it was
Ludwig Conrad von Bergen, or Ludwig Conrad
Montanus, which seems only a Latinized form.
Murr, on the other hand, is disposed to accept
the name Montanus as genuine, but points out
certain difficulties as to date connected with
Semler's view, and he stigmatizes as gross false-
hoods what is said about the houses of the order.
In his remarks on this topic Findel seems to
regard the society described by Orvius as an
offshoot or imitation of the original Rosicrucians.
His words are to the effect that the adherents of
one of those theosophic and hermetic societies
which spread over Europe, gave as their founder
'a certain Christian Rose or C. L. von Bergen,'
which is a very curious confusion to fall into,
especially as he quotes Orvius' preface and the
revelations he made of their practices.
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1710, iv. pp. 488-491 (Mor-
mius).
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. 130-135 (Tom. i.
lib. i. cap. xiii. 35-51).
Bergman, Dissertatio . . . sistens Chemies Pro-
gressus a media Sac. vii. ad Medium Sac. xvii.,
Upsal. (1782), pp. 7-8.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermftique, 1742, iii. pp. 240 (says it refers to the
Rosicrucians) ; 287 (petit livre rare et curieux).
(P. 282 he quotes an edition of the Area arcanis-
sima Mormii de F. R. C. 1617, in German along
with other two works, but this date seems to be an
error).
Missiv an die hocherleitchtete Bruderschaft des
Ordensdes Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, p' 102.
Beytrag zur Gcschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 322 (Rose and Morm), 609 (Mormii Arcana),
665, 671.
The society referred to by Orvius took its origin,
as Gmelin tells us, on the borders of Dauphin^,
from a certain Christian Rose, was called by his
name, and is not to be confused, as was done by
Reimmann, Lenglet Dufresnoy and Bergman, with
the Rosicrucian Fraternity. It admitted only
three pupils, and had three great secrets ; motus
perpetuus, lapis philosophorum, medicina univer-
salis, but there were a good many minor ones as
well. Peter Morm, or Mormius, who had been an
attendant, laid, at the instigation of Rose himself, a
certain number of their secrets before the States
General, and, when he failed to get a hearing,
published them in a book entitled : Arcana totius
natures secretissima, nee hactenus unquam detecta,
a Collegia Rosiano in lucent produntur, opera
Petri Mormii, Lugduni Batav., 1630, 24°. Mor-
hof has given an ample account of the Society and
its secrets from Mormius' work, and the Beytrag
contains a romantic narrative of Rose and his
secrets, and Mormius.
Kopp has devoted a paragraph to Orvius' work,
which he found to be rare, and of which, after
considerable search, he got a copy in the library at
Darmstadt. But he did not know how this
rarity was accounted for by the author of the
Missiv, who, after quoting the title at full length,
proceeds as follows :
"The manuscript was indicated in Eleazar by
the Erfurt bookseller Crusius, and I know from
sure information that the whole edition was at once
bought from the publisher and the copies sup-
pressed, presumably because the author gave such
a revolting delineation of the Rosicrucians and an
expose" of their treatment of him. It would be
tedious to repeat it all, so I refer the curious reader
to the extremely rare book itself, and let each pass
his own judgment upon it."
He then goes on to speak of the edition of ab
Indagine, who puts it under the name of Montanus,
to whom reference has been already made. The
differences between the two editions of the book,
which are considerable, may be briefly recapitulated.
There is, ist, the difference in the title-pages ; 2nd,
the preface, from which in the second edition the
main part of the strictures on the Rosian society
have been excised ; 3rd, the text, which, in the
second edition, has been subjected to no small
amount of alteration. See the note upon MON-
TANUS.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic der
Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. pp. 114, 122; i787i »• p. 177-
Wiegleb in his translation of Bergman's disser-
tation : Geschichte des Wachsthums und der Erfin-
dungen in der Chemie in der altesten und mittlern
/.eit, 1792, pp. 143-147, corrected the mistake into
which Bergman had fallen.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 566 ;
1798, ii. p. 331.
Murr, ifber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen-
kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, pp. n, 58.
Buhle, Ueber den Ursprung . . . der Orden der
Rosenkreuzer, 1804, p. 230.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Lilteratur,
1806-08, p. 261.
Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei, 1844,
p. 194, No. 2619; p. 196, No. 2638.
J. G. Findel, Geschichte der Freimaurerei, 2te
Auflage, Leipzig, 1866, p. 128.
Kopp,DieAlcAemie, 1886, ii. pp. 204,316,344,361.
i6o
OSIANDER—OVO
OSIANDER (ANDREAS).
Tractat von der Philosophia oder Weltweisheit.
See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. 143.
Osiandrische Experiment von Sale, Luna & Mercuric.
See RESCH (JOAN ULRICH).
Most of the historians mention a certain Johann
Adam Osiander, a theologian, who was born at
Vaihingen, 3 Dec., 1622, and died at Tubingen, 20
Oct., 1697, and is stated (incorrectly) to be the
person denoted in the work of Joan Ulrich Resch,
who gives his name as Lucas. Andreas Osiander,
however, is not referred to by them, and it is a
question whether the author of the present tract is
or is not one of the two theologians of that name.
The earlier of the two lived between 1498 and 1552,
For Johann Adam Osiander :
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione metallica Sogni ire,
1599, p. 141.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1740, xxv. col. 2103.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 252.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1120; Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1816, v. col. 1225.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 619.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 624.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 410.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 329.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1887, xxiv. p.
1659.
and besides engaging in theological controversy,
assisted in the publication of the works of Coper-
nicus. The latter bearer of the name was born in
1562, and died in 1617, studied theology, was dis-
tinguished as a preacher, and wrote a number of
theological works. The present tract is not enu-
merated among the works of either writer.
Nazari quotes ' Osiander medicus de distilla-
tionibus,' who seems to be different from the
others.
Teissier, Les Eloges des Hommes Savans, 1715, i.
pp. 108, 112.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1740, xxv. col. 2098.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1117 ; Rotermund 's Fortsetzung und Ergdnt-
ungen, 1816, v. cols. 1213-1222.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
wbrterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 336.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1887, xxiv. pp.
For Andreas Osiander, the elder :
Melchior Adami, Vitce Germanorum Theo-
logorum, 1653, pp. 226-240.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 158 ; portrait pi. 7.
For Andreas Osiander, the younger :
Melchior Adami, Vita; Germanorum Theologorum,
1653, pp. 860-862.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 391.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1740, xxv. col. 2100.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1119; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1816, v. cols. 1222-24.
l^a.d.rSig\i&,Bidliothegue Ouvarojf, Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 1349 (the same as the above).
OSTEN (HANS VON).
Eine grofse Herzstarkung fur die Chymisten; nebst einer Dose voll gutes
Niesepulver, fur die unkundigen Widersprecher der Verwandlungskunst der
Metalle, im Kloster zu Oderberg, seit Anno 1426. aufbehalten, durch Hans
v. Osten ; welche vor wenigen Monathen von einem Maurer-gesellen daselbst
gefunden worden. Begleitet mit einer Zuschrift an die Chymisten, und einer
wahrhaften Nachricht dieser Geschichte, nebst dem dazu gehorigen Kupfer.
Auf Kosten des Verfassers. Berlin in Commifsion bey dem Antiquarius
Johann Friedrich Vieweg, 1771.
8°. Pp. [14] 108 [2 blank]. Frontispiece and engraved plate extra.
A mason making an alteration in the Abbey at book was edited by Hans von Osten in 1771. In
Oderberg found this box and a pamphlet, with
chemical characters and illustrations. The box
contained a powder which he threw away. They
had been put into a cavity in the wall in 1426 by a
monk, Hans van Osten. The story was repeated
by Kortum. Schmieder says inaccurately that the
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
P- 675-
Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie, 1789, pp. 225-
227.
the Beytrag it is said that "when the first 'rota-
tion ' has missed the mark, and all the expenses
have met with no return, then the alchemist needs
— this reviving cordial." It contains historical
notes of transmutations and an account of a num-
ber of alchemical deceptions.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 210.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 385.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 1495-96.
OVO Philosophorum (De).
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, VI. p. 565.
The 'Ovum Philosophorum' or philosophers' egg, is a vessel of suitable form in which the matter is
digested or concocted for the proper time.
P. M. G.- PACKE 161
P. M. G.
See HOLLANDUS (JOHANN ISAAC).
p. <j.)-
See PORDAGE (JOHN).
P. (O. A. v.).
See PAYKULL (OTTO ARNOLD VON).
PABST (MICHAEL).
See BAPST (MICHAEL).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1162 ; Rotermund's Fortsetsung und Ergdnt-
ungen, 1816, v. col. 1346.
PACKE (CHRISTOPHER).
Medela Chymica : Or, an Account of the Vertues and Uses of a select
Number of Chymical Medicines Adapted to the Cure of the most
Chronick and Rebellious Diseases. To which is Subjoyned A brief History
of Cures effected by them. As also, An Essay upon the Acetum Acerrimum
Philosophorum, or Vinegar of Antimony; with some Experiments made
therewith. By Christopher Packe Professor of Chymical Medicine.
Dii Sudoribus vendunt Artes.
London: Printed for John Lawrence at the Angel in the Poultrey, 1708.
8°. Pp. [16] 173 [3].
Lowndes does not seem to have known this the works already specified he published a trans-
book. Packe translated "153 Chemical Aphorisms," lation of De Graaf's book : De Succo Pancreatico,
Lond., 1688, 1690, 12° (see HELMONT (F. M. VAN)) ; 1674, 8°, price 2/- bound; Praxis Catholica, by
nnd wrote the works mentioned below, but he is best Robert Couch of Boston, New England, 1680,
known in chemical literature by his translation of edited and enlarged by Packe ; and Mineralogia, or
Glauber's writings. an Account of the preparation, manifold Vertues
The present work is what it purports to be, and Uses of a Mineral Salt, . . . London, 1693, 8°.
namely, an enumeration of chemical medicines In 1687 he dated his translation of the " 153
used by Packe during a more than thirty years' Aphorisms " (by van Helmont, the younger), from
practice, and an account of the cures he had his house at the Sign of the Globe and Chemical
wrought with them. There is nothing bearing Furnaces in the Postern St., near Moorgate ; in
specially on chemistry in it unless it be the last 1688 he was living in the house next the Sign of the
chapter on the Acetum Acerrimum Philosophorum Gun, in Little Moorfields, and in 1708 he had
(apparently hydrochloric acid), which the author moved to a house near the New Meeting-House.
sold at i8d. per oz. , or 22/- per Ib. At the end of the Aphorisms a scheme is pro-
The catalogue on M7 is a price list of the drugs, posed for publishing Glauber's Works by sub-
the virtues of which are set forth in the treatise, so scription. He accomplished this purpose success-
thai the whole volume is little more than a long fully, although by an advertisement at the end of
advertisement. the present work he had still in 1708 a few copies
Packe was born about 1635-45, and was a ' in Quires,' which he was willing to dispose of ' at
chemist, medical practitioner, and author. Besides a reasonable price.1
II. L
1 62
PACKS— PA LA CIO Y PEREZ
PACKE (CHRISTOPHER). Continued.
Packe was a believer in transmutation, and
quotes as evidence the testimony of Helvetius
!q.v.\ and of his friend Dr. Edmund Dickinson
q.v.), and refers to the epistles to and from
Mundanus (q.v.). He seems to have thought that
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Herme'tique, 1742, iii. p. 252.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 230
(Aphorisms), 380 (Medela Chymica).
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824 (Authors), ii.
726 m.
See GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLPH),
in his so-called ' Vinegar of Antimony ' he had a
means towards transmutation, and he calls it ' a
key to a very pleasant prospect.' He is not to be
confused with Christopher Packe, M. D. , who wrote
a dissertation on the surface of the earth.
Allibone, A Critical Dictionary of English
Literature, 1878, ii. p. 1480.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1895, xliii.
p. 30.
1689.
PADUA (JOANNES DE).
See JOANNES de Padua.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 173.
PAGES (JEAN).
L'Oeconomie des Trois Families du Monde Sublunaire, a scavoir, animale,
vegetale, et minerale : et particulierement de la Nature de 1'homme : centre
toute fausse Philosophic naturelle, Alchymie, Cabale, Astrologie ludiciaire,
Charmes, Predictions, Sortileges, & Atheisme. Avec vn traicte de I'im-
mortalite' de 1'Ame. Par lean Pages Docteur en Medecine. A Paris,
chez lean Libert, demeurant rue Sainct lean de Latran, deuant le College
de Cambray. M.DC.XXVI. Auec Priuilege & Approbation.
8°. Pp. [27, i blank] 478 [55, i blank]. Wants e iij & iv. and 353-370.
Jocher calls the author a ' philosophus ' at Paris,
who flourished between 1626 and 1634, and wrote
the above work. Another book is ascribed to him :
Les Essais de Maistre lean Pagez Docteur en
Medecine. Sur les miracles de la creation du
monde. Et sur les plus merveilleux effects de la
Nature. Dedie' a Monseigneur le Cardinal de
Richelieu. A Paris, chez Nicolas Rousset, en la
grande Salle du Palais, du costs de la Cour des
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 252.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751,
iii. col. 1180.
Aydes. M.DC.XXXII. Auec Approbation, &
Priuilege du Roy. 8°, pp. [7, i blank] 234 [7,
i blank].
It deals first with God and the creation of the
universe, angels, the heavens, and after that a
large part of the book is taken up with sympathy
and antipathy.
I have not found anything about the author.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 437
(gives the date of the above as 1625).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 355
(gives the date as 1625).
PALACIO Y PEREZ (MIGUEL).
Llave del Tesoro de la Piedra Philosophal de la Salud Humana. Dedicase
al Ilustrissimo Senor Don Martin Francisco Climente, del Consejo de su
Magestad, y su Regente en el Sacro, y Supremo de Aragon. Por el Dotor
Don Miguel Palacio y Perez, Colegial del Colegio de Medicos de la
Imperial Ciudad de Zaragoga, y al presente Medico de la Ciudad de
Viana. Con Licencia : En Zaragoga, por Manuel Roman, Impressor de
la Vniversidad, afio 1688.
8°. Pp. [48] 392. Indice [60].
This book is not about the philosopher's stone,
but contains a discussion upon certain medical
theories.
The author studied medicine at Zaragoga under
Jose" Lucas Casalete, and graduated there. As the
title-page informs us he practised in Viana (Na-
varra), which may have been his native place, and
wrote this book in compliance with a request by a
lay Capucin, who was a nurse at Mallorca, for in-
structions how to deal with those who fell ill in his
convent.
It contains a long discussion with Dr. Onofre
Esteban, of Mallorca, on the question of blood-
letting, which was the subject most in dispute at
the time, and his chief aim was to remove the abuse
of it. In his work he treated Onofre and his
opinions with courtesy and respect, but Morejon
commends his just criticism and his superior train-
ing and sounder reasoning.
PAL AGIO Y PEREZ— PALM ARIUS
163
PALACIO Y PEREZ (MTGUEL). Continued.
Instead of the above title the following is some-
times given :
Breve Description de la nueva Methodo de curar,
con pocas Sangrias todas las fiebres, y afectos. Por
el Dotor D. Miguel Palacio, Colegial del Colegio
de Medicos de la Imperial Ciudad de Zaragoca.
Antonio Hernandez Morejon, Historia Biblio-
grafica de la Medicina Espanola, obra pdstuma,
Madrid, 1850, vi. pp. 157-158.
Dictionnaire Encyclopldique des Sciences Midi-
cales, zeme SeYie, 1884, xix. p. 684.
Dudas, Anotaciones, y Reparos del Dotor D*
Onofre Estevan, Medico Mallorquin ; y Respuestra
a ellas del Dotor Palacio.
This, however, is not an independent or alterna-
tive title-page, but is only a rather full heading to
the opening of the text, p. i.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
%enden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv.
p. 466 (by Pagel).
PALLADIS Chymicae Arcana Detecta, 1678.
See MARENGUS (JOANNES BAPTISTA).
PALMARIUS (PETRUS).
Lapis Philosophicus Dogmaticorum. Quo paracelsista Libauius restituitur,
Scholaa Medicse Parisiensis iudicium de Chymicis declarator, Censura in
adulteria & fraudes Parachymicorum deffenditur, asserto verae Alchemiae
honore. Per P. Palmarium Doctorem Parisiensem Galeno-chymicum. Ad
Illustrissimum Cardinalem Perronium. Adiecta est Historia Lseprosae
Mulieris Persanatae. Parisiis, Apud Davidem Doulceur, via lacobea ad
Mercurium inuolucrem, 1609. Cum Privilegio Regis.
8°. Pp. [32] 160 [12]. Vignette of Mercury as a ' Terminus."
All the authorities quote this 1609 edition only,
though it had been issued the previous year, Paris,
1608, 8°. The tract entitled Historia Iceprosce
mulieris was also issued in 1608, and afterwards
the two conjointly as above. This book had so
enraged the Galenists of the time that a censure
was passed on it and its author by the Medical
Faculty of Paris, on the 28th of January, 1609. The
book was condemned as full of errors, deceits, im-
postures and lies, and unworthy of having seen the
light. In six months the author was to publicly
confess and abjure all these errors, and was to pro-
fit by the study of Hippocrates, Galen and the
Paris school, which must have been the hardest part
for Palmarius to bear ! In the meantime he was
not to enjoy any benefits. Failing compliance
with this decree, his name was to be removed from
the roll of doctors, and he was to be deprived of all
academic privileges, honours and emoluments.
This document, signed by the dean George Cor-
nuty and printed, was apparently scattered far
Gilbert G6n6brard, Chronographia Libriquatuor,
Lugduni, 1609-08 (Pars altera), p. 591 (Censure of
the Paris Faculty).
Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p. 523.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 400.
Borel, Biblioiheca Chimica, 1654, p. 174.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 902.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i.
p. in (Censure of the Paris Faculty).
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 438.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophi
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 253.
Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Historice Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 442.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 278.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
PP- 319. 369- 38o, 402.
and wide, and a copy with his best wishes having
been sent to the editor of G6n6brard's book, he
printed it so that all the Universities of the world
might understand it. Whelher il puls Ihe aclion
of the Faculty in Ihe besl light may be questioned.
Palmarius, however, when this judgment was read
' respondil se facultatis Decreto salisfaclurum.'
Whether this was done lo Ihe Faculty's satisfaction
I am not aware, but he wrote another book, the
title of which is as follows : Laurus palmaria
fugans ventaneum fulmen cyclopum aliquot falso
Scholoe Parisiensis nomine evulgalum, in librum
Petri Palmarij Doctoris Medici Parisiensis. Luletiae
Martij 26. Anni Domini, 1609, 8°, pp. [4] 74 [2].
In this tracl he replies lo Ihe objeclions brought
against his views and does not spare his critics.
Paulmier, or Palmarius, was the nephew of Julien
Le Paulmier who wrote on gunshot wounds. He
was born in 1568, studied al Paris, gradualed M.D.
and was physician in Ihe H6lel-Dieu. He died 15
Jan., 1610.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
1778, iii. p. 501.
Gmelin, Geschichte derChemie, 1797, i. p. 504.
Rotermund, Fortselzung und Erganzungen su . . .
Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816, v.
col. 1453.
Biographic Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
2S). vi. p. 384.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneikunde, 1827, iii.
p. 546.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p.
359-
Dictionnaire Encyclopfdique des Sciences M£di-
ca/es, 2eme SeYie, 1885, xxi. p. 656.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerste aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p.
512.
r64 PANDORA— PANTALEON
PANDORA.
See FAUST (JOHANN MICHAELIS).
See REUSNER (HIERONYMUS).
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 118. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 368.
PANTALEON.
Pantaleonis Alchimistische Tractatlein :
I. Das eroffnete Hermetische Grab, vom Philosophischen Quecksilber.
II. Alchimistische Priiffung eines waaren Philosophi und betrtigerischen
Sophistens.
III. Metallisches Zweyblat, vom Stein der alten Weisen.
Welche erstlich vom Autore Lateinisch beschrieben und absonderlich gedruckt,
nunmehr, auf Begehren unterschiedlicher Liebhaber der edlen Chimie, ins
Teutsche ubersetzet und zusammen gedruckt heraus gegeben Christophorus
Victorinus, Artis filius. Niirnberg, zu finden bey Paul Fiirstens, Kunst-
und Buchh. seel. Witben und Erben. Gedruckt daselbst bey Christoff
Gerhard, An. 1677.
8°. Pp. 175 (ought to be 183) [i blank]. Wants Ai, a frontispiece ?
Bifolium metallicum, seu Medicina duplex pro Metallis et Hominibus infirmis
. . . inventa.
See GIN-ffiCEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 453.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 718.
Bifolium Metallicum, das ist Metallisches Zweyblat, oder Zweyfache Artzney
fur mangelhaffte Metallen und Menschen.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. p. 313.
In Leupold's Prodromus an edition printed at Niirnberg, in 1676, 8°, is quoted.
Disceptatio de Lapide Physico, in qua Tumbam Semiramidis ab Anonymo
Phantastice, non Hermetic^ Sigillatam : ab Anonymo Reclusam, Si Sapiens
Inspexerit Ipsam, Promissis Regum Thesauris Vacuam Inveniet. Anno
M.DC.LXXVIII.
Without place and printer's name.
8°. Pp. [2] 95 [i blank].
Followed by :
Tumba Semiramidis Hermetice Sigillata, Quam si Sapiens aperuerit non Cyrus
Ambitiosus Avarus, Regum ille Thesauros, divitiarum inexhaustos, quod sufficiat, in-
veniet. Excusa Primum. Anno M.DC.LXXIV. Recusa Secund6 Anno 1676.
Terti6 Anno 1678.
8°. Pp. [2] 28. The signatures are continuous, though the pagination is separate.
Followed by :
De Medicamentis Universalibus Dissertatio.
8°. Pp. 56.
The Disceptatio was written against the Tiimba Pantaleon is quoted, and he is distinguished as
Semiramidis. It was published anonymously, but ' inter Neotericos facile princeps,' which looks like
it is ascribed to Pantaleon by Manget (Bibl. Chem. blowing one's own trumpet. But perhaps that comes
Cur,, 1702, Index) from similarity of style. In the well off one whose name was Gassman.
Disceptatio, p. 31, the Bifolium Metallicum of
PANTALEON
PANTALEON. Continued.
[Another Copy.]
[Another Copy.]
Both of these copies want the tract : De Medicamentis Universalibus Dissertatio.
Disceptatio de lapide physico, in qua Tumbam Semiramidis ab anonymo
Phantastice non Hermetice sigillatam : ab anonymo reclusam, si sapiens
inspexerit ipsam, promissis Regum Thesauris vacuam inveniet.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 744.
See TUMBA SEMIRAMIDIS.
See CNOFFEL (ANDREAS).
Examen Alchymisticum, quo, ceu Lydio lapide, Adeptus a Sophista & verus
Philosophus ab Impostore dignoscuntur, institutum in gratiam Magnatum
& eorum, qui, ex defectu multae lectionis & Vulcanicae experientiae, punctum
Chymicum plenarie non intelligunt ; ne tarn turpiter a perditissimis istis
fumivendulis ac impostoribus Thrasonicis, in opprobrium artis mere divinae,
decipiantur. Necessarium ac summe proficuum opusculum, quale, a mundo
condito, typis non fuit exaratum. Authore Pantaleone, Hermeticae Sophias
Adepto. Prostat Noribergae, apud Pauli Fiirstl, bibliopolae b. m. viduam
& hceredes. M.DC.LXXVI.
8°. Pp. [1-6] 7-44 [4 blank].
Examen Alchemisticum.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 736.
Examen Alchymisticum, oder : Alchymistische Prtiffung.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii.
p. 259.
Pantaleon delarvatus.
See BECHER (JOHANN JOACHIM).
Tumulus Hermetis Apertus in quo ad Solem Meridianum sunt videndae
antiquissimorum Sophorum absconditae veritates Physical & Recentiorum
quorundam erroneae opiniones de laudatissimo illo liquore Mercuric
Philosophorum, ita ut jam cuilibet etiam mediocriter ingenioso, Regia
via pateat ad hoc mysterium perquirendum, inveniendum & praeparandum ,
in gratiam errantium illuminatus ab Anonymo Pantaleone, Sophiae Her-
meticae Adepto. Viennae Austriae, Typis Jo: Bapt: Hacque. Anno
M.DC.LXXV.
8°. Pp. [12] 38 [a].
Tumulus Hermetis Apertus, in quo ad Solem Meridianum sunt videndae,
antiquissimorum Sophorum absconditae veritates Physicae & Recentiorum
quorundam erroneae opiniones de laudatissimo illo liquore Mercuric
Philosophorum, ita, ut jam cuilibet, etiam mediocriter ingenioso, Regia
166 PANTALEON—PANTHEO
PANTALEON. Continued.
via pateat ad hoc mysterium perquirendum, inveniendum & prseparandum,
in gratiam errantium, illuminatus ab Anonymo Pantaleone, Sophise Her-
meticae Adepto. Prostat Noribergae, apud Pauli Fiirstii, Bibliopolse b. m.
viduam & haeredes, An. 1684.
8°. Pp. [4] 49 [2] [i blank].
Tumulus Hermetis apertus.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 728.
Tumulus Hermetis apertus; oder, das eroffnete Hermetische Grab.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FREDERICK), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii.
pp. 197, 259.
Pantaleon's real name was Franz Gassmann. some he was believed in. He certainly believed
He was a native of Silesia, physician in Passau and in himself, as can be seen by his title-pages,
afterwards in Vienna. He claimed to have made Becher, however, regarded him as a cheat, and
mercury 'magnetic,' so that it followed gold as a with this conviction wrote Pantaleo/i delarvatus.
needle the magnet. He acquired considerable Becher does not name him in this tract, but refers
reputation by his operations with mercury, and by to him constantly under the initial of G. ...
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 106.
1697, p. 39, No. Ixi. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 92.
J. M. Faust, Philaletha illustratus, 1706, p. 106. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
Beecher, ' Alphabetum Minerale,' Opuscula Chy- pp. 532, 627, 629.
mica Rariora, 1719, p. 137 (calls him Gassmann). Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie, 1789, p. 172.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Ale hymia, 1730, p. 99. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 7
Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, (' Examen '), pp. 14-15 (' Bifolium1).
1730, ii. p. 269. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 442.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 187.
1731, p. 439 ('nomen fictitium'). Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallica, Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1235-37.
1732, pp. 30, 109. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 233 ; ii. pp.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 332, 338, 360, 373, 393 (calls him Franz Gass-
Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 484 ; iii. pp. 74, 75, 149, 254. mann).
PANTHEO (GIOVANNI AGOSTINO).
Voarchadumia contra Alchimiam : Ars distincta ab Archimfa & Sophia :
cum Additionibus : Proportionibus : Numeris : & Figuris opportunis loannis
Augustini Panthei Veneti sacerdotis. Venetiis. Diebus. Aprilis.
M.D.XXX.
4°. Title leaf ; i blank (defective) ; two leaves marked : 0,00; ff. 1-69. The
title is within a woodcut border, and is printed in different colours, and there is
coloured printing also on ff. 2, 7, and 8. Woodcut bird's eye view of Venice. Wood-
cuts of furnaces and other apparatus in the text
[Another Copy.]
Wants the introductory leaves marked o and oo, and the blank leaf.
Ars et Theoria Transmutationis metallicse cum Voarchadtimia, proportionibus,
numeris, & iconibus rei accommodis illustrata. loanne Augustino Pantheo
Veneto Authore. Vgneunt apud Viuantium Gautherotium in via lacobe, a
sub intersignio Sancti Martini, 1550.
8°. Ff. 34 ; 55 [i], of which 25-31 are counted twice. Tract i, 3 woodcuts ; Tract
2, 12 woodcuts. Map of the old world as vignette on the first title-page.
Tract 2 has a separate title :
Voarchadumia contra Alchimia : Ars distincta ab Archimfa, & Sophia : cum Addi-
tionibus, Proportionibus : Numeris, & Figuris opportunis loaiiis Augustini Pathei
Veneti sacerdotis. Parisiis, Apud Viuentium Gualtherot, via ad Diuum lacobum,
sub signo D. Martini. 1550.
PANTHEO—PAPIN
167
PANTHEO (GIOVANNI AGOSTINO). Continued.
Ars et Theoria transmutationis metallicae, cum Voarchadumia.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 459.
spurious alchemy and he deals partly with the assay
of gold, which is illustrated by drawings of rolling
mills, furnaces of various sorts with the accom-
panying apparatus and a balance and weights, and
partly with the chemical preparation of various
substances which were made at Venice in his time
and were used in the arts. He describes, for
example, the manufacture of white lead and of an
alloy for mirrors, which latter has escaped Beck-
mann's notice, though it is referred to by Gobet.
Schmieder, besides the editions of 1530 and Paris,
1550 (not of 1518-19), quotes also : Venice, 1550,
8° ; 1556, 8° ; and the German version of Johann
Schauberdt, 1608, 8° (y.v.).
Pantheus was a priest at Venice, but seems
nevertheless to have been devoted to chemical
research. The word Voarchadumia — barbarous,
as it has been styled by some writers — is com-
pounded, according to the author himself, of a
Chaldee word signifying gold, and of a Hebrew
expression meaning ' out of two rubies,' and he
explains it all as equivalent to ' gold of two perfect
cementations,' that is, thoroughly refined.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten-Lexicon, 1751, Hi.
col. 1228.
Gobet, Les anciens Mintralogistes du Royaume
de France, 1779, ii. p. 709.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen sur Historie
der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. p. 78 (Schauberdt's
edition) ; 1788, iii. p. 24.
Gmelin, Geschichte der CAemie, 1797, i. p. 298.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 58.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
118, 260, 352.
Hoefer, Histoire de la CAimie, 1843, ii. p. 131 ;
1869, ii. p. 126.
~Laj&xz%MR,BibliothequeOuvaro/,Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 915.
Of these tracts the ' Ars et Theoria ' appeared
before the other in a separate volume : Ars Trans-
mutationis Metallicae cum Leonis X. Ponti. Max.
et Conci. Capi. Decemvirum Venetormv (sic)
edicto, 4°, ff. 38. On the verso of f. 26 there is the
following colophon : Ars transmutationis Metallicre
lo. Augustini Panthei sacerdotis Veneti Leone X.
Pontifice Maximo : ac Leonardo Lauretano op-
timo PrTcipe in sedibus loinis Tacuini impressoft
accuratissimi Venetiis edita. VII. Idus Septembris :
M.n.xvm.
On the recto of f. 27, there is a new title : Corn-
mentarium Theoricae Artis Metallicae Transmuta-
tionis.
On the verso of f. 38, there is another colophon :
Commentarium Transmutationis Metallicae lo.
Augustini Panthei Sacerdotis Veneti, sub Leone X.
Pontifice Maxfo : ac Leonardo Lauretano optimo
Principe : in aedibus loannis Tacuini irnpressorum
accuratissimi Venetiis editum. tertio Kalg. Januarii.
MD.XIX.
Portions of this were reproduced in the Voarch-
adumia in 1530, but that is quite a distinct work
and is much enlarged. Pantheus wrote against
Maier, Symbola Aurece Menscc, 1617, p. 388.
Horel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 175, 269.
Morhof, De Metallorvm Transmutatione ad . . .
Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 72.
Koenig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 605.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 523.
Jacob Frid. Reimmann, Versuch einer Einleit-
ung in die Historiam literariam Antediluvianam,
1709, p. 261.'
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 439.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce,
1732, p. no.
Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 51, 255.
PAPIN (NICOLAS).
Nicolai Papinii Blsesensis M.D. de Pulvere Sympathico Dissertatio. Illustris-
simo et Generosissimo D.D. Francisco Cimae in Archilycseo Patauino D.D.
Theologorum, Philosophorum, ac Medicorum Syndico, & Prorectori Vigilan-
tissimo. Patavii M.DC.LVI. Apud Jo. Bap. Pasquati Superiorum
Permissu.
8°. Pp. [8] 43 [i blank].
De Pulvere Sympathico.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1660, p. 253.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, l66l, p. 173-
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 143.
These last tracts are not reprinted in the Thea-
trum Sympathelicum, and are not referred to by
Papin's biographers. Papin wrote also a tract :
Cordis diastole, Alen9On, 1653, 4°, against Harvey's
innovating views ; a treatise in French on the salt-
ness, flux and reflux of the sea, and on the origin
of fountains, Blois, 1647, 8°, and one on deafness,
Saumur, 1648, 12°.
According to Haag he was the uncle— and not
This dissertation was published at Paris in 1644,
8°; 1647; 1650, 8°; Patavii, apud Matth. Cador-
inum, 1654, 8°, and the above.
Then Isaac Cattier of Montpellier wrote :
Response a Monsieur Papin . . . touchant la Poudre
de Sympathie^ Paris, 1651, 8°, pp. 8 [i], to which
Papin replied : La Poudre de Sympathte defendne
centre les objections de Mr- Cattier, Paris, 1651, 8°,
pp. [8] 56.
168 PAP IN— PARACELSUS
PAPIN (NICOLAS). Contimied.
the father as stated by Eloy and others — of the He was born at Blois, practised medicine there
much more distinguished Denis Papin, who in- and at Aleii9on, and his death occurred subse-
vented the digester and made investigations in quent to 1653.
hydrostatics and hydrodynamics. Haag says that he united a great deal of pre-
Rotermund has inadvertently put the digester to sumption with a great deal of false knowledge,
the credit of both Nicolas and Denis Papin.
Ludovicus Jacob a Sancto Carolo, Bibliographia Portal, Histoire de V Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
Parisina, hoc est, Catalogus omnium librorum 1770, ii. p. 639.
Parisijs,Annis 1647. 6*1648. inc lusiue exc usorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 431.
Paris, 1649, p. 38. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 343.
Ludovicus Jacob a Sancto Carolo, Bibliographia Eloy., Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine,
Gallica Vniversalis, hoc est, Catalogus omnium 1778, iii. p. 459 (father of Denis Papin).
Librorum per Vniversum Gallics Regnum, Anno Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
MDCLI. excusorum, Paris, 1652, p. 32 (Papin's 25), vi. p. 360 (father of Denis Papin).
' Poudre de Sympathie,' 1651, and Cattier's ' Re- Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors, ii.
sponse,' 1651). 73°y (a confused notice, according to Haag).
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 175. Haag, La France protestante, 1858, viii. p. 119
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 841. (uncle of Denis Papin).
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Nouvelle Biographic Centrale, 1862, xxxix. col.
1731, II. i. p. 440. 166.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi-
p. 616. cales, 2eme SeVie, 1884, xx. p. 485.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxvi. col. 663. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. den Aerate oiler Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p.
col. 1239 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- 481 (father of Denis Papin).
ungen, 1816, v. col. 1533. Billings, Index. Catalogue, 1889, x. p. 404.
Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 454.
PARABOLA seu ^Enigma Philosophicum.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL).
PARACELSUS (THEOPHRASTUS).
See DORN (GERHARD), Congeries Paracelsicae Chemiae, 1581.
See PENOTUS (BERNARDUS GEORGIUS), Theophrastisch Vade-Mecum, 1596.
See HESSLING (ELIAS JOHANNES), Theophrastus Redivivus.
Aurora Thesaurusque Philosophorum, Theophrasti Paracelsi, German! Philosophi,
& Medici prse cunctis omnibus accuratissimi. Accessit Monarchia Physica
per Gerardum Dorneum, in defensionem Paracelsicorum Principiorum, a suo
Praeceptore positorum. Praeterea Anatomia uiua Paracelsi, qua docet autor
prseter sectionem corporum, & ante mortem, patientibus esse succurrendum.
1577. Basileae.
8°. Pp. 63 [ i blank]. Vignette : Palma Guarini.
Philippi Aureoli Theophrasti Paracelsi Chymischer Psalter, oder Philosophische
Grundsatze vom Stein derer Weisen Anno 1522. Aus dem hochst seltenen
lateinischen Grundtext iibersetzt, von einem Liebhaber natiirlicher Geheim-
nisse, 1771. Berlin, bey dem Antiquarius Johann Friedrich Vieweg.
8°. Pp. [16] 36. Interleaved. MS. notes. Vignette : a device with the legend :
Omnia ab uno, omnia ad unum.
Philippi Aureoli Theophrasti Paracelsi Chymischer Psalter, oder Philosophische
Grundsatze vom Stein der Weisen Anno 1522. Aus dem hochstseltenen
lateinischen Grundtext iibersetzt, von einem Liebhaber natiirlicher Geheim-
nisse. Neue Auflage. Berlin, bey Friedrich Maurer, 1791.
8°. Pp. [16] 36.
The device, as in the preceding, is a point in a square in a circle in a paral-
lelogram in a triangle in a circle, with the legend : Omnia ab uno omnia ad unum.
PARACELSUS 169
PARACELSUS (THEOPHRASTUS). Continued.
Aureoli Philippi Theophrasti Bombasts von Hohenheim Paracelsi, des Edlen,
Hochgelehrten, Fiirtrefflichsten, Weitberiimbtesten Philosophi vnd Medici
Opera Biicher vnd Schrifften, so viel deren zur Handt gebracht : vnd vor
wenig Jahren, mit vnd aufs jhren glaubwiirdigen eigener hangeschriebenen (sic)
Originalien collacioniert, vergliechen, verbessert : vnd dutch loannem Hvservm
Brisgoivm in zehen vnterschiedliche Theil, in Truck gegeben. Jetzt von
newem mit vleifs vbersehen, auch mit etlichen bifshero vnbekandten Tractaten
gemehrt, vnd vmb mehrer Bequemligkeit willen, in zwen vnterschiedliche
Tomos vnd Theil gebracht, deren Begriff vnd Ordnung, nach der Vorrede
zu finden, sampt beyder Theilen vleissigen vnd volkommenen Registern.
Strafsburg, In verlegung Lazari Zetzners Buchhandlers. Anno M.DCIII.
Folio. Pp. [12] 1127 [53].
Title red and black, within an elaborate woodcut border. Portrait of Paracelsus at
the top ; right and left, Virgilius and Hermes, four goddesses of the arts, Cupids,
wreaths, architectural ornaments, apparatus.
Aureoli Philippi Theophrasti Bombasts von Hohenheim Paracelsi, des Edlen, hoch-
gelehrten fiirtreffenlichsten weitberiihmtesten Philosophi vnd Medici Opera Biicher
vnd Schrifften, so viel deren zur Hand gebracht : vnd vor wenig Jahren, mit vnd aufs
jhren glaubwiirdigen eigner Handgeschriebenen Originalien collationiert, verglichen,
vnd verbessert, &c. Ander Theyl. Darinnen die Magischen vnd Astrologischen
Biicher, sampt jhren Anhangen vnd Stiicken, auch von dem Philosophischen Stein
handlende Tractatus, begriffen, &c. Fornen mit einem kurtzen Begriff vnd Ordnung
dieses Theyls Biicher, vnd derselben Innhalt : Hiuden aber mit einem durchaufs
vollkommenen Register vermehret. Strafsburg, In verlegung Lazari Zetzners Buch-
handlers. Anno Domini, do ID cIII.
Folio, i leaf with device. Pp. [7, i blank] 691. Index [12, i blank]. Woodcuts in
the text. Imperfect; wants pp. 575-592. The portion wanting contains the explana-
tion of the Niirnberg figures, torn out by some zealous person, who cared only for this
part of Paracelsus' writings.
Aur. Philip. Theoph. Paracelsi Bombast ab Hohenheim, Medici et Philosophi
Celeberrimi, Chemicorumque Principis, Opera Omnia Medico-Chemico-
Chirurgica, Tribus Voluminibus Comprehensa. Editio Novissima et Emenda-
tissima, ad Germanica & Latina Exemplaria accuratissimb collata : Variis
tractatibus & opusculis summa hinc. inde diligentia conquisitis, vt in
Voluminis Primi Praefatione indicatur, locupletata : Indicibusq; exactissimis
instructa. Volumen Primum, Opera Medica Complectens. Genevae,
Sumptibus Joan. Antonij, & Samuelis De Tournes. M.DC.LIIX. Cum
Privilegio.
Folio. Pp. [34, 2 blank] 828 [39, i blank]. Title red and black. Portrait, by
Tintoretto, as frontispiece, on the verso of the fly-title. Printers' device, as vignette,
with the motto : Quod tibi fieri non vis, alteri ne feceris.
. . . Operum Volumen Secundum Opera Chemica et Philosophica Complectens,
Procfatione, Librorum Elencho & Indice general! instructum. . . .
Folio. Pp. [22, 2 blank] 718 [32, 2 blank]. Title red and blank.
. . . Operum Volumen Tertium, Chirurgica Opera Complectens, DuabusSectionibus
distincta, quanim Prior Chirurgiam Magnam, Posterior ver6 Bertheoneam siue Chirur-
giam Minorem cum Libris adiectis continet. Extat in vtramque Praefatio, singulae
Librorum Elencho & Indice general! sunt instructae. . . .
Folio. Pp. [12] 212 [27] i blank. Bertheonea : [4] 119 [i blank]. Index [7,
i blank]. Testamentum, Dictiouariuni, &c. , 18 [2 blank]. Title red and black.
i;o PARACELSUS
PARACELSUS (THEOPHRASTUS). Continued.
Apocalypsis Hermetis, von der Offenbahrung des verborgenen Geistes der
Natur.
See CHYMISCHES Lust-Gartlein, 1747, p. 4.
Liber Apocalypseos Hermetis, de supremo Mundi Secreto.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. i.
De Auro Potabili.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. 275.
Das zehende Buch Archidoxis.
See MOLLER (FRIEDRICH), Ternio Reliquiarum Alchymiae, 1618, sig. Bij.
Das zehende Buch Archidoxorum.
See NEANDER (THEOPHlLUs), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 241.
Das Biichlein Theophrasti mit der Himmlischen Sackpfeiffen.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 202.
Coelum Philosophorum seu Liber vexationum.
See GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLPH), Operis Mineralis Pars Tertia, 1651.
Explicatio tincturae physicorum.
See SUCHTEN (ALEXANDER A).
Four curious small Treatises, viz. the I. of Fevers, the II. of the Jaundies, the
III. of Madness, and the IV. of Diarrhseas, Lienteries, &c.
See HEADRICH (JOHN), Arcana Philosophia, 1697, p. 89.
Geheimes und vollstandiges Wunschhiitlein.
See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1782, i. p. III.
Nine Books of the Nature of Things.
See FRENCH (JOHN), A New Light of Alchemy, 1674, p. 155.
Paracelsische Schrifften.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus II. [1598].
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen [1708], p. 91.
Sechs Tractatlein.
See F. (j. J.), Der Hermetische Nord-Stern, 1771.
Secretum Magicum (von dreyen gebenedeyeten magischen Steinen).
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Rosarium Novum Olympicum, Pars prima, 1608,
p. 23. Extracts only.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. i.
Tractaet van de Alchymie.
See HALTEREN (NICOLAES VAN), Princelijck Gheschenck, 1633, p. 179.
Tractatus de lapide Philosophorum.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 209.
Paracelsus was born at Einsiedeln in Canton and surgery. In 1506 he went to Basel University,
Schwyz, on 10 Nov., 1493. His father, who was a where he displayed a liking for chemistry, and he
licentiate of medicine, gave his son a careful afterwards lived for some time with Trithemius,
general training, besides instruction in medicine and from him went to the mines which belonged to
PARACELSUS
171
PARACELSUS (THEOPHRASTUS). Continued.
Sigismund Fugger, where he acquired knowledge
not only of metals, their ores and working, but
of the diseases of the work-people as well. To
increase his knowledge and to make the acquaint-
ance of skilled and learned men he began a long
course of travel throughout Europe, studied at
various universities, and, it is said, acted as a field
surgeon. After an absence of many years he
returned to Germany with a great reputation, and
in 1527 was appointed physician to the town of
Basel. At first he met with much acceptance, and
his practice increased, as he was successful in his
cures when other physicians failed. It was not
long, however, before he met with opposition from
the ordinary physicians ; his doctrines were con-
trary to theirs, he was an unbeliever in Galen and
Avicenna, he was a jealous critic of the bond which
united the physicians and the druggists, and he
was not at all moderate in the language he em-
ployed in controversy. The strained relations
which had thus grown up reached at last the
breaking point over the case of the Canon
Lichtenfels, who, having refused Paracelsus his
promised fee for curing him, was summoned by
him before the judges. They, however, decided
against Paracelsus, who stated without any reserve
his opinion of their verdict. After this, by the
advice of his friends, Paracelsus got away from
Basel as quickly as he could, and began the
wandering life which he henceforth spent. He
finally came to Saltzburg by the invitation of the
Archbishop, and it looked as if he might settle
there in a good position. This expectation how-
ever was not fulfilled, as he died shortly afterwards
on 24 Sept., 1541.
Paracelsus' works are numerous, and were often
printed.
They were collected first by Huser, 1589-91, in
ten volumes, 4°, and other collected editions
appeared in Latin and in German, in folio and
quarto, details of which are given in the biblio-
graphies.
Leo Suavius, Theophrasti Paracelsi Philosophic
et Medicines utriusque universes Compendium,
Paris [1567], pp. 7 (life and works), 84-87 (lists of
his works) ; also in the edition of Basel, 1568.
Petrus Severinus, Epistola, Bas., 1572, 8°.
Thomas Erastus, Disputationum de Medicina
Nova rhilippi Paracelsi Pars prima [ — Quarla et
Ultima], Basileae, 1572-73, 4°.
Reusner, Icones, 1587, sign. Fvj verso-Gi verso,
with portrait.
Paschalis Gallus, Bibliotheca Medica, Basil., 1590,
pp. 342-347-
Spachius, Nomenclator Scriptorum Medicorum,
Francof. , 1591, p. 34.
Hoissa.rd,/conesWrorumiHustrium,i$<)8,n. p. 290.
Andreas Brentzius, Farrago Philosophorum, 1606,
pp. 73-107 (' Processus Paracelsi').
Michael During, De Medicina et Medicis adversus
latromastigas et Pseudiatros Libri //. , Giessae
Hessorum, 1611, pp. 140-263 (a review of Para-
celsus' system).
Maier, Symbola Aurees Menses, 1617, pp. 277-289.
J. V. Andreae, Mythologia Christiana, 1619, p. 316.
Adami, VitaeGermanorum Medicorum, \t>-20,\>. 28.
Nando", Apologie pour tous les grands personnages
. . . soupfonnez de Magie, 1625, p. 391 ; English
translation, 1657, p. 184.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, pp. 57-63.
Connng, De Hermetka ALgyptiorum vetere et
A special set of his writings have been collected
and turned into English by A. E. Waite : ' The
Hermetic and Alchemical Writings of Aureolus
Philippus Theophrastus Bombast,' London, 1894,
2 vols. , 4°.
For the separate English translations of the six-
teenth and seventeenth centuries, see my Biblio-
graphia Paracelsica, Part iii., 1890, pp. 31-49.
Quite recently a new edition of his works has
been projected, of which one part has appeared :
Theophrastus Paracelsus Das Buch Paragranum,
herausgegeben und eingeleitet von Dr. Phil. Franz
Strunz. Verlegt bei Eugen Diederichs, Leipzig,
1903, square 8°, pp. [4] 112, with a portrait.
For an account of all known editions of Para-
celsus'works with the fullest bibliographical details,
reference must be made to the great monograph
of Dr. Sudhoff, which not only supersedes all
other bibliographies of Paracelsus, but is the most
complete and thorough of any author whatever.
The expounders and critics of Paracelsus require
to be considered cautiously. Some, and especially
the older writers, are prejudiced, unsympathetic,
and unperceptive ; others are over enthusiastic and
read more into Paracelsus' words and views than
they contain. But, whatever may be thought of
himself or of his doctrines, Paracelsus will endure
as one of the greatest forces of the sixteenth
century. He revolutionized medicine.
Articles on Paracelsus are to be found in every
biographical dictionary, in every history of medi-
cine and of its fundamental sciences, the consolida-
tion of which was one of his great aims, and he is
the theme of numerous, not to say innumerable,
monographs. As he confined his researches to no
one topic, but discoursed on theology, philosophy,
science, as well as on medicine and surgery, and as
he provoked opposition in all, Paracelsus-literature
is voluminous, and references to him and his views
pervaded chemical and medical literature for long
after his decease. Only a few indications, however,
can be given.
Paracelsicorum nova Medicina Liber Unus,
Helmestadii, 1648, 4°.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 176-181,
218, 269.
Quenstedt, Dialogus depatriisillustrium doctrina
et scriptis virorum, 1654, p. 132.
Erasmus Franciscus, Die lustige Schau-Biikne
von allerhand Curiositdten, Nurnberg, 1663, pp.
649-654. (His epitaph : opinions about him, &c.).
Crasso, Elogii d'Huomini letterati, Venetia,
1666, ii. pp. 45-49 (with Tintoretto's portrait of
Paracelsus).
Conring, De Hermetica Medicina Libri Duo,
Editio secunda, Helmestadii, 1669, 4°.
Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione ad . . .
Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 138.
Thomasius, Dissertatio . . . de Plagio literario,
Lips. [1673], sig. Dd 4 r, § 514.
Borrichius, Hermetis, s&gyptiorum, et Chemi-
corum sapientia abHermanni Conringii animadver-
sionibus vindicata, Hafniae, 1674, 4°-
Adamus £ Lebenwaldt, Vierdtes Tractdtel von
defs Teuffels List vnd Betrug in der falschen Al-
chymisterey, 1680, pp. 80-110.
Johann Tileman, Zugab vnd Beysatz gewisser
vnuberwindlicher I''undamenten, daraufsdefs Nebel
oder Lebenwalds Tractatlein so su Saltzburg ge-
druckt warden, sollen gdnlzlich zu nichts, vnd
offentlich zu Schanden werden, sig. A 9 verso.
Mercklin, Lindeniusrenovatus, 1686, pp. 101-108.
172
PARACELSUS
PARACELSUS (THEOPHRASTUS). Continued.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, pp. 10, 53, 65, 67, 69, in, 131,
132, 286, 380.
Freher, Theatrum Virorum Eruditionedarorum,
1688, p. 1225, portrait, plate 54.
E. G. D. Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetische
Christenthum, Franckf. und Leipzig, 1690-91, 2
Thle., I. cap. iv. vom Paracelsismo, pp. 178-205.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 30, No. xlv.
Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractatus, 1700,
pp. 323-327, & passim.
Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 58.
Pierre Poiret, Bibliotheca Mysticorum selecta,
1708, p. 174, §48.
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. pp. 201, 4753,
4793 ; 1713, vi. p. 550.
Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum,
Genevae, 1710, p. 597.
Teissier, Les Eloges des Homtnes Savans, Leyden,
1715, iii. pp. 137-147-
Mencken, Zwey Reden von der Charlatanerie . . .
der Gelehrten, Leipz., 1716, pp. 67 note, 107, 249,
267.
Barchusen, De medicines origine et progressu dis-
sertationes, Trajecti ad Rhenum, 1723, pp. 364-397.
Dan. Le Clerc, Histoire de Me'decine, Afnst.,
1723, pp. 792-820.
John Freind, The History of Physick from the
time of Galen to the beginning of the Sixteenth
Century, 1725, i. p. 2 ('illiterate enthusiast'), 66,
264 ; 1726, ii. 336 (' Paracelsus's idle system ').
Conring, De Scriptoribus XVI. post Christum
natum seculorum Commentarius, cumprolegomenis,
. . . notis perpetuis, et additionibus, Wratislavise,
1727, p. 159.
Joh. Heinr. Fiirstenau, Desiderata medica, Lips.,
1727, pp. 12, 89, 137, 412, 428.
Mencken, De Charlataneria Eruditorum De-
clamationes Duo;, 1727, pp. 119, 256, 271.
Buddeus, ' Untersuchung von der Alchemie,' in
Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum,
1728, i. p. 62 & passim.
Nenter, ' Bericht von der Alchemic,' in Roth-
Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i.
pp. 162, 167, 181-188.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. pp. 440-443.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Geschichte der Medicin-
ischen Gelahr/ieit, 1731, passim.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliuthecee metallicce,
1732, p. no.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. p. 92; ii. pp. 118,
274. 394-
Jacob Brucker, Kurlze Fragen aus der Philoso-
phischen Historie, Ulm, 1735, vi. pp. 1067-1137.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit,
1736, pp. 542, 565, 566.
Goelicke, Introductio in Historiam litterariam
Anatomes, Francof. a. V., 1738, pp. 145 (discus-
sions as to whether Paracelsus was the first to
criticise the Galenic system), 180 (takes the part of
Paracelsus against Freind and others, who accuse
him of ignorance of anatomy and indifference to it).
Hauber, Bibliotheca Acta et Scripta Magica,
Lemgo, 1739, I. Stuck vi. (Paracelsus' portrait as
frontispiece)? pp. 367-378 (remarks on the portrait),
349-366 (review of Lebenwaldt's observations), 382-
398 (vindication of Paracelsus from the accusation
of magic).
Joh. David Kohler, Historischer Miinz-Belu-
stigung Eilfter Theil, 1739, pp. 369-376 (engraving
and description of a portrait-medal of Paracelsus).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon^ 1740,
p. 617.
Zedler, Universal- Lexicon, 1740, xxvi. col. 721.
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, I.
pp. 899-904 (Th. ii. B. xvi. cap. 22, § r-8) ; I.
Num. xci. p. 1500 ; Num. xcii. pp. 1502, 1511,
1521 ; II. p. 226 (Th. ii. B. xvii. cap. 17, §7) ; p.
251 (cap. 18, §18) ; III. ii. p. 38, §7 ; p. 344.
Petrus a Castro, Bibliotheca Medici Eruditi,
Bergomi, 1742, p. 33.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 271, 279-284, 471 ; iii. pp.
255-257-
Brucker, Historia critica Philosophies, 1743, IV.
i. pp. 647-671, 676-685.
Jdcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1245 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz-
ungen, 1816, v. col. 1545-49.
Fictuld Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 118; ii. p. 107.
Eloy, Dictionnaire hislorique de la Mtdecine,
1755, »• PP- 237-250 ; 1778, iii. pp. 461-471.
Moreri, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759,
VIII. ii. p. 64.
Matthioe, Conspectus Historice Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 170.
Jo. Maria Mazzuchelli, Museum Mazzuchellianum,
Venetiis, 1761, i. p. 237 ; Tab. liii. Num. v.
Joh. Matthias Schrockh, Abbildungen und Le-
ben schreibungen beruhmter Gelehrten, Leipzig, 1766,
i. pp. 13-22, with a portrait.
Portal, Histoire de I ' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, i. p. 347.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 249.
J. C. W. Moehsen, Verzeichnis einer Samhing
von Bildnissen, grostentheils beruhmter Aerzte,
Berlin, 1771, Th. ii. pp. 99-101.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 158 ;
1777, ii. p. 739.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. pp. 183-
185 ; 1775, ii. p. 598.
Der Teutsche Merkur vom Jahr 1776, Drittes
Vierteljahr, pp. 85-91 ('Einige Nachrichten von
Theophrastus Paracelsus').
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicin® practices, 1777, ii.
pp. 2-12.
J. A. Hemman, Medicinisch-chirurgische Auf-
sdtze historisch-practischen Inhalts, Berlin, 1778,
pp. 1-40.
Herzog, Athencz Rauricee, 1778, pp. 170-173.
Saxius, Onomasticon, 1780, iii. pp. 146, 604, 659.
' Nachricht von dem Leben des Theophrastus
Paracelsus,1 Hermetisches Museum, 1782, i. pp.
113-116 (prefixed to the ' Wunsch-Hiitlein ').
Corrodi, Kritische Geschichte des Chiliasmus,
Frankf. und Leipzig, 1783, iii. p. 276.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 156, 507.
Gottlieb Emmanuel von Haller, Bibliothek der
Schweiser Geschichte, 1785, i. p. 482, § 1602 ( Pfeffers,
Opera) ; ii. pp. 313-317, § i2i4-§ 1227 (Life).
Jo. Frid. Blumenbach, Introductio in Historiam
Medicines litterariam, Goettingae, 1786, p. 139.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen sur Historie
der Rosenkreuser, 1786, i. p. 18 ; 1787, ii. p. 18.
Adelung, Geschichte der Menschlichen Narrheit,
1789, vii. p. 189 (he enumerates authorities for the
life and gives a list of the works of Paracelsus).
Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie . . . Duisburg,
1789, p. 113.
J. M. Schrockh, Lebensbeschreibung beruhmter
Gelehrten, 1790, i. p. 42.
PARACELSUS
'73
PARACELSUS (THEOPHRASTUS). Continued.
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Lilerdr-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, pp. 173, 175, § 158,
pp. 195-199, §§ I73-I75-
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 9,
I95-258. 340-44, 556-557, 675.
Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, pp. 197-
209.
Leonard Meister, Helvetiens Beriihmte Manner,
ate Aufl., ed. J. C. Fasi, Zurich, 1799, ii. pp. 28-
34, with a portrait.
C. G. v. Murr, ' Litterargeschichte des Theo-
phrastus Paracelsus,' Neues Journal zur Litteratur
und Kunstgeschichte, Leipzig, 1799, ii. with 3
plates.
Ludwig Vogel, Alte Zeit und neue Zeit, Erfurt,
1802, I. pp. ii-xxxviii (Paracelsus' medicine) ; 97-
227 ( ' Blumenlese aus dem Theophrast ').
Daub & Creuzer, Studien, Frankfurt, 1805, i.
pp. 228-291 (Uber Theophrastus Paracelsus von
Hohenheim, by Loos).
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 43-46.
A. F. Hecker, Die Heilkunst auf ihren Wegen
zur Gewifsheit, Wien, 1813, pp. 68-78 (Paracelsus'
system).
Joh. Nepomuck Ehrhart, Medicinisch-chirur-
gische Zeitung, 1815, i. p. 47 (cause of Paracelsus'
death).
Rixner & Siber, I^eben und Lehrmeinungen
beriihmter Physiker, Sulzbach, 1819-23, 8° (the
section on Paracelsus was reprinted in 1829).
Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. pp. 361-363.
A. N. Scherer, Theophrastus Paracelsus, St.
Petersburg, 1821, 8°.
Biographie Universelle, 1822, xxxii. p. 543 ; n.d.
xxxii. p. 112 (article by Renauldin and references).
Markus Lutz, Geschichte der Universitat Basel,
Aarau, 1826, pp. 48, 49, 92, 93.
Retrospective Review, 1826, xiv. pp. 98-135
(article on ' Paracelsus of the Chemical Transmuta-
tion ... of Metals ').
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii.
pp. 205-208, 213, 217, 250, 255-57, 43°-492-
F. Jahn, 'Paracelsus,' in J. F. C. Hecker's
Litterarische Annalen der gesammten Heilkunde,
Berlin, 1829, xiv. pp. 1-31, 129-152.
Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 140.
Schultz, Die homoobiotische Medizin des Theo-
phrastus Paracelsus . . . Berlin, 1831, 8°.
J. C. Maris, Dissertatio medica inauguralis de
Paracelso, Lugduni Batavorum, 1832, 8°.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 265.
Robert Browning, Paracelsus, London, 1835, pp.
ix. [i blank] 216 (Advertisements, 35, [i]).
Andreas Fredericus Bremer & Eduardus Augustus
Dahlerup, Dissertationes de Vita et Opinionibus
Theophrasti Paracelsi, Hauniae, 1836, pp. [2] 1-72
[5] 73-191 [i].
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historiqut de la Mide-
cine, 1837, III. ii. pp. 665-671.
Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopcidie, iii.
Section, 1838, xi. pp. 285-296 (article by Escher).
Preu, Das System der Medicin des Theophrastus
Paracelsus, Berlin, 1838, 8°.
Preu, Die Theologie des Theophrastus Paracelsus,
Berlin, 1839, 8".
Lessing, Paracelsus, sein Leben und Denken,
Berlin, 1839, 8°, with a portrait.
Rohatzsch, Compendiose Geschichte der Medicin.
Pforzheim, 1839, i. pp. 233-285.
Ad. Fr. Stoerzel, De Paracelsi Vita atque
Doctrina Dissertatio inauguralis, Ilnke, 1840, 8°.
Isensee, Die Geschichte der Medicin und ihrer
Hiilf swissenschaf ten, 1840, i. pp. 234-249.
Haeser, ' Mil welchem Rechte wird Paracelsus
der Reformator der Medicin genannt?' Archivfur
die gesammte Medicin, Jena, 1840, i. pp. 26-43.
Mackay, Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular
Delusions, 1841, iii. p. 97 (with a portrait) ; 1852, i.
p. 142 (with a portrait).
Fabre d'Olivet, Theophrastus Paracelsus, der
Arzt, Magdeburg, 1842, 3 Bde (Historical romance,
translated by Dr. Eduard Liber from the French).
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 9-23 ;
1869, ii. pp. 5-19.
Karl Friedrich Heinrich Marx, ' Zur Wurdigung
des Theophrastus von Hohenheim,' in Abhandlun-
gen der Koniglichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften
zu Gottingen, 1843, i. pp. 72-212 (also in a separate
reprint).
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 92-103,
&c. , &c.
Sasz, ' Paracelsus, sein Leben, sein System und
seine Bedeutung,' in Mundt' s Der fret Aa/en, Altona,
1843, pp. 204-232.
Chrzescinski, De Paracelso ejusque opinionibus,
Vratislaviae (1844), 8°.
Dierbach, ' Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Pharma-
kologie des Theophrastus Paracelsus,' in Szerlecki's
Zeitschrift fur Therapie und Pharmakodynamik ,
Freiburg, 1844, Hft. i. p. 24.
Quitzmann, ' Paracelsus,' in Lewald's Deuischer
Heldensaal und Ehrentempel, 1844, i. pp. 111-126.
.•Meihsner, De Paracelso, Dissertatio, Berlin,
1847, 8°.
Frankenberg, Geschichte der Heilkunst und der
Heilschwarmerei, Leipzig, 1848, p. 192.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp.
200, 262-275, 3°9 I l849. "• P- J59-
Dictionnaire des Sciences Philosophiques, Paris,
1849, iv. pp. 549-557.
Soane, New Curiosities of Literature, 1849, i. pp.
134-156.
Cap, ' Paracelse,' Journal de Pharmacie et de
Chimie, 1851, 36 S6rie, xxi. pp. 136-149 ; reprinted
in Etudes biographiques, Premiere SeYie, 1857, p. i.
Locher, Theophrastus Paracelsus Bombastus von
Hohenheim der Luther der Medicin, Zurich, 1851,
8°.
A. Moll, ' Philipp Bombast von Hohenheim,' in
Medicinisches Correspondenz-Blatt des Wiirtem-
bergischen Aertzlichen Vereins, Stuttgart, 1851,
xxi., pp. 249, 257, 265.
F. A. Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Nature/let
au Moyen Age, 1853, p. 558.
J. Le Fevre Deumier, Etudes biographiques et
littiraires sur quelques cilebritts ttrangeres, Paris,
1854, pp. 155-248.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, i.
pp. 181-188.
K. Mueller, 'Theophrastus Paracelsus,1 Die
Natur, Halle, 1855, No. iv. Beilage, pp. 33-36,
with a portrait
Phillippe & Ludsvig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
Jena, 1855, pp. 422, 500, 993.
Vaughan, Hours with the Mystics, 1856, 11. pp.
46-53.
Knight, The English Cyclopedia, Biography
1857, iv. col. 660.
W. Grundhoff, A. Vesalii et Theophrasti Para-
celsi instauratorum artis medicce Germanorum
vita et merita et scripta, Dissertatio, Berolini, 1860,
8°.
Rudolf Wolf, Biographien zur Kulturgeschichte
derSchweitz, Zurich, 1860; DritterCyklus, pp. 1-50.
174
PARA CELSUS—PARISIJE
PARACELSUS (THEOPHRASTUS). Continued.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 357.
NouvelleBiographieGe'nirale, 1865, xxxix. col. 178.
Friswell, Varia, 1866, pp. 163-194.
Jobert, Essai sur Paraceheetsa rtforme mtdicale
an XVI* siecle, Paris, 1866, 4°.
R. Finckenstein, ' Ueber den Einfluss der Chemie
auf die Medicin des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts,' in
Deutsche Klinik, 1866, No. 48, p. 433.
Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalters ,
1866, iii. pp. 430-452.
Figuier, Vies des savants illustres de la renais-
sance avec I' appreciation sommaire de leurs travaux,
Paris, 1868, pp. 49-99, with a portrait.
E. Schmeisser, Die Medicin des Paracelsus in
ikrem Zusammenhange mit seiner Philosophic
dargestellt, Berlin, 1869, 8°.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 900-913, 1275, 1326, 1707, 1843.
Bouchut, Histoire de la Mtdecine, 1873, i. p. 265,
&c.
J. C. Dalton, 'Galen and Paracelsus,' New York
Medical Journal, 1873, No. xvii. 5, pp. 449-475.
A. Rittmann, Das reformirende Deutschland,
•und sein Paracelsus, Wien, 1875, 8°.
Friedr. Mook, Theophrastus Paracelsus, eine
kritische Studie, Wiirzburg, 1876, 4°, pp. [6] 136
(a bibliography of his writings only).
Ferguson, Bibliographia Paracelsica, Parts i.-vi.,
1877-1896, 8°, pp. 306.
Aberle, Theophrastus Paracelsus und dessen
Ueberreste in Salzburg, 1878, 8°, with a plate.
Ferd. Zohrer, ' Ein alpiner Vagabund der Wis-
senschaft," in Jager's Tourist, Wien, 1878, x.
Jahrgang, Bd. ii. pp. 10, 33.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1880, xii. pp.
675-683 (article by Hugo Delff).
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicine, 1881, ii. pp.
33, 71 (life, with references), 165, 215, 217, 411, 522.
Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 2eme Se"rie, 1884, xx. pp. 502-509.
Stanelli, Die Cellular-Therapie als Heilkunst
des Paracelsus . . ., Wien, 1881, 8°.
J. Kerschensteiner, Zum Geddchtnisse an Theo-
phrastus Paracelsus an dessen 340 Todcstage,
Salzburg, 1881, 4°.
Christoph Sigwart, KleineSchriften(i%%i), i. pp.
25-48.
L. Joerg, Die Naturwissenschaft des Paracelsus,
Landau, 1882, 8°.
H. Rohlfs, Kritik yon ' Theophrastus Paracelsus
eine kritische Studie von F. Mook,' Deutsches
Archivfiir Geschichte der Medicin, Leipzig, 1882,
v. pp. 213-242.
Stanelli, Die Zukunfls-Philosophie des Paracelsus
als Grundlage einer Reformation fur Medicin und
Naturwissenschaften, Wien, 1884, 8°.
Ferguson, ' Paracelsus, 'Encyclopedia Britannica
9th Ed., 1885, xviii. pp. 234-236.
Barbillon, Histoire de la Mddecine, Paris, 1886,
pp. 44-49.
R. Eucken, Beitrdgc zur Geschichte der neueren
Philosophie vornehmlich der deutschen, Heidelberg,
1886, pp. 32-53 (Paracelsus, ' Lehre von der Ent-
wicklung ').
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zelten und Vdlker, 1886, iv. pp.
482-485 (by Pagel).
K. Kiesewetter, ' Paracelsus Philipp Aureolus
Bombast von Hohenheim, nach seinem Leben und
Denken geschildert,' Sphinx, Leipzig, 1886, ii.
pp. 249-258.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 33, 41, 48, &c.,
&c., &c.
H. Peters, Aus pharmazeutischer Vorzeitin Bild
und Wort, Berlin, 1886, pp. 48-51, 150, &c.
Stanelli, Philosophie der Krafte, Leipzig, 1886,
8° (an attempt to correlate Paracelsus' and modern
views).
Hartmann, The Life of Paracelsus, London, 1887,
8°.
Hedderwick, The old German puppet play of
Doctor Faust, 1887, p. 188.
Schubert & Sudhoff, Paracelsus-Forschungen,
2 parts, Frankfurt, 1887-89, 8°.
Billings, Index -Catalogue, 1889, x. pp. 406-409
(and references).
Michel Emery, Renaudot et f Introduction de la
Medication chimique, Paris, 1889, pp. 16-28.
Carl Aberle, Grabdenkmal, Schiidel und Abbil-
dungen des Theophrastus Paracelsus, Salzburg,
1891. (Contains an enumeration and classification
of the portraits, and conclusions as to the cause of
his death drawn from the state of his skull, as it
was found at the opening of his tomb. )
Sudhoff, Versuch einer Kritik der Echtheit der
Paracelsischen Schriften, Berlin, 1894, 8°, vol. i.,
Bibliographia Paracelsica ; vol. ii., Paracelsische
Handschriften, 1899.
Ernst von Meyer, Geschichte der Chemie, 2te
Aufl. , 1895, p. 59; English translation, 1891, p. 65.
Louis Durey, La Mtdecine Occulte de Paracelse
et de quelques autres Mtdecins Hermdtistes, Paris,
1900, 8°.
Raymund Netzhammer, Theophrastus Paracelsus,
Das Wissenswerteste iiber dessen Leben, Lehre und
Schriften, Einsiedeln, 1901, 8° (with Tintoretto's
portrait and other illustrations).
Franz Strunz, Theophrastus Paracelsus sein Leben
und seine Persohnlichkeit. Ein Beitragzitr Geistes-
geschichte der deutschen Renaissance, Leipzig,
1903, 8°, pp. 126 [2], with portraits and facsimiles.
R. Julius Hartmann, Theophrast von Hohenheim,
Stuttgart & Berlin, 1904, 8°, pp. iv. [2] 222 [2].
Portrait of Paracelsus.
PARADEIS-SPIEGEL.
See MULLER (AMBROSIUS).
PARADEISS-TAFEL, Paradysi Tabula.
See GLORIA MUNDI.
PARADISUS Aureolus Hermeticus.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 317.
PARISH.
See CODEX Medicamentarius, seu Pharmacopoea Parisiensis, 1732
PARISIENSIS—PAULLINI 175
PARISIENSIS (CHRISTOPHORUS).
See CHRISTOPHORUS Parisiensis.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimicat 1654, pp. 181, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
182. p. 4°3-
PAROLE (La) delaissde.
See BERNHARDUS.
PARTICULAR vnd Vniversal Tincturen (Von den).
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Triumphwagen Antimonii, 1624, p. 294.
PARTICULARS.
See ALLERLEY PARTICULARIA.
PARTICULAR-ZEIGER.
See CHYMISCHER oder Alchymistischer Particular-Zeiger.
PASCAL (JACQUES).
Discours contenant la Conference de la Pharmacie Chymique, ou Spagirique,
auec la Galenique, ou Ordinaire. Ensemble la Demonstration des abus qui
se commettent sur les principaux medicamens officinaux de 1'Apothicaire
ordinaire. Par lacques Pascal, Maistre Apothicaire de Beziers. A Beziers,
Pour lean Martel, marchant Libraire de ladicte ville. M. DC. XVI. Auec
priuilege du Roy.
8°. Pp. [48] 330 [3, 3 blank].
Haller, followed by Rotermund, quotes of the belongs to a much better known man than Jacques
above book only the edition of Toulouse, 1616, Pascal ! The incompatibility of the dates of the
8°. But Rotermund also ascribes to him a work two works does not seem to have been observed by
' de 1'equilibre des liqueurs et de la pesanteur Rotermund.
de la masse de 1'air,' Paris, 1663, 12°, which
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practices, 1777, ii. Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Erganzungen zu . . .
p. 457. Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Ltxico, 1816, v. col.
1608.
PASSERA (FELICE).
II Nuovo Tesoro degP Arcani Farmacologici Galenici, & Chimici, b Spargirici,
Consagrato al Serenissimo Marc' Antonio Giustiniani Principe di Venetia.
Da Frate Felice Passera di Bergamo Capuccino Infermiero della Prouincia di
Brescia. Opera molto vtile, non solo a Farmacologici, mh. ancor' ad ogni
Medico, & Professore della Medicina. Divisa in Tre Libri.
^ , rp , (Vna delle Osseruationi, & Distintioni,
Con due Tauole J ,
[L'altra delle cose pm Notabih, & particolan.
In Venetia, M.DC.LXXXVIII. Appresso Giouanni Pare, all' Insegna della
Fortuna. Con Licenza de' Superiori, e Priuilegio.
Folio. Pp. [8] i, columns 2 to 865, p. [i],
LibroTerzo, M.DC.LXXXIX.
Pp. [4], columns 688, Indice, pp. [28]. Title red and black.
In addition to the above, Passera wrote another The author was, as he tells us, a physician and
work: Practica Universale nella Medicina, Milano, Capuchin monk at Bergamo. The work is reviewed
1693, f°l- by Mangel.
Ada Eruditorum, 1690, p. 216 (review of the Zedler, Universal-lexicon, 1740, xxvi. col. 1202.
above work). Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, p. 49.
1731, II. i. p. 452. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1889, x. p. 534.
PAULLINI (CHRISTIAN FRANZ).
C. F. Paullini Kleine doch curiose und vermehrte Bauren-Physic, von neuen
mit unterschiedlichen Stticken vermehret und verbessert. Dritte Aufflage.
176
PA ULLINI-PA YKULL
PAULLINI (CHRISTIAN FRANZ). Continued.
Franckfurt und Leipzig, Bey Johann Christoph Stofsels seel. Erben in
Erffurth 1719.
8°. Pp. 166 [2 blank].
This is a treatise on meteorology, the winds, engaged by the Bishop of Munster as premier
snow, hail, etc. , certain phenomena in the mineral, physician and historiographer, but in 1689 he
vegetable and animal worlds, of tree planting, of removed to Eisenach where he died 10 (18) June,
cattle, of portents indicated by comets, and such
like physical topics. It is
sort of shepherd's
calendar. An edition of it appeared at Frankfurt
and Leipzig, 1705, 8°. Paullini (Christian, not
Christopher, as Haller sometimes calls him) was
born at Eisenach, 25 Feb., 1643 (1645), studied at
different Universities, Konigsberg, Copenhagen,
Kiel and Rostock. When he was a student at
Copenhagen he acted as interpreter for the Italian
adventurer Gioseppe Francesco Borri (q. v. ). When
at Hamburg he was crowned as poet with a laurel
wreath sent from Jena. He was Master of Arts of
Wittenberg, and on his return from a visit to
England graduated M.D. at Leyden. He thereupon
travelled in Norway and Sweden, in Curland and
Livonia, and was going to Italy but was prevented
by the state of his health. He then practised in
Hamburg' and Altona, and in all Holstein up to 1675,
which year he spent in France, after having been
created Count Palatine. On his return he was
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 168.
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1710, v. p. 477.
Buddeus, ' Untersuchung von der Alchemic,' in
Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum C/iemium,
1728, i. p. 126 (quotes him in connection with Burr-
hus, or Borri, of whom he gives a long account).
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. pp. 471-475 (review of his works).
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 355, 535.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 628.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1740, xxvi. col. 1569.
Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. pp. 622-633.
Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1317 (a long account condensed from Moller's) ;
Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganzungen, 1816,
v. col. 1718 (list of 54 of his works).
Chaufepie', Nouveau Dictionnaire historique et
critique, Amst. & La Haye, 1753, letter P, pp. 79-82.
Biichner, Academiae . , . Naturtz Curiosorum
Historic, 1755, p. 467, No. 59.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 639
(list of several writings).
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 482.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine,
1778, iii. p. 500.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1779, iii.
p. 298.
1712, having been paralysed on his right side for
seven years.
He was skilled in medicine, theology, history,
and antiquities, and wrote numerous books on
many curious subjects besides those on medicine
and natural history. He made translations and
conducted a large correspondence.
He was admitted, 17 April, 1675, a member of
the Academia Naturae Curiosorum with the name
Arion I., and belonged to other learned societies,
and, as already said, he was imperial poet laureate,
Count Palatine, and ducal physician.
He wrote a dissertation on Mount Hecla, Ham-
burg, 1676, 4° ;
Theriaca ccelestis, Francof. a. M., 1701, 8° (com-
pare GREIFF (FRIEDRICH) ) ;
Nucis Moschatae descriptio, Franc, et Lips.,
1704, 8° (to this last is prefixed a life of the author
by Esaia Dahlborn). He also wrote a life of
Johannes Dolaeus, q.v.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 210.
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25). vi- P- 382.
Biographie Universelle, 1823, xxxiii. p. 207 ;
n.d. xxxii. p. 307 (article by Weiss).
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
p. 464.
Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopadie, iii.
Section, 1840, xiv. p. 168.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, i.
p. 548.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, p. 458.
Nouvelle Biographie Gfadrale, 1865, xxxix. col.
407.
K. F. H. Marx, ' Zur Beurtheilung des Arztes
Christian Franz Paullini,' in Abhandlungen der
Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zti
Gottingen, 1873, xviii. pp. 53-91.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p.
428 (refers to Marx).
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 2eme SeYie, 1885, xxi. p. 650.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p.
512 (by Pagel).
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1887, xxv. p.
279 (article by Wegele ; calls him Franz Christian
Paullini).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1889, x. p. 582.
PAULMIER (PIERRE).
See PALMARIUS (PETRUS).
PAYKULL (OTTO ARNOLD VON).
Problema Chymicum oder des Weyland (Tit.) Herren General Lieutenants
O. A. v. P. Chymischer Proces, wodurch nach proportion eines Quentleins
prseparirten Sulphuris Antimonii, anderthalb Loth Bley in das schoneste und
feineste Gold verwandelt worden, Allen der wahren Chymie Liebhabern
und rechtschaffenen Philosophis mitgetheilet, und zu Dero genauen Unter-
suchung aufgegeben, nebst beygefiigter Vorrede, in welcher so wohl die
PA YKULL—PELLETIER
177
PAYKULL (Oxro ARNOLD VON). Continued.
Ursache der Publication, als auch dasjenige, was in selbigem Procefs ermangele
und annoch zu erforschen sey, kiirtzlich eroffnet und angezeiget wird.
Berlin, Bey Johann Christoph Papen, 1719.
4°. Pp. [8] 20.
In 1705 when the Swedes under Charles XII.
defeated the Poles, they took prisoner at Warsaw the
officer Otto Arnold von Paykull. As his home was
in Livonia, which then belonged to Sweden, he was
tried at Stockholm as a rebel and traitor. Implor-
ing mercy of the king, he promised to supply him
annually with a specified amount of gold, and
asked that he might be permitted to give a demon-
stration before a commission of his ability to carry
out his promise. This was done, and a certain
amount of lead was transformed into gold, from
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 220.
Goran Nordberg, Leben und Thaten Carls des
Zwdlften (translated by Johann Heinrich Heubel),
1742, i. pp. 118, 606 (battle at Warsaw and capture
of Paykul, and his correspondence) ; 1746, ii. p. 8
(his execution, and the medal struck from alchemi-
cal gold).
Tharsander, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, p. 347 (cap.
5. §21)-
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 118 (calls
him Baycull, and decries his ' process ').
Petraeus, Basilius Valentinus, Chymische Schriff-
ten, 1769, Neue Vorrede, sig. b6 recto.
Wiegleb, Historisck-kritische Untersuchung der
Alchemic, 1777, p. 304. (Considers it as unworthy
of examination.)
Bergman, Dissertatio . . . sistens Chcmife Pro-
which a coin or medal was struck, a drawing of
which is given by Nordberg. On the obverse it
has the likeness of the king with the words :
CAROL, xn. D.G. REX SVE. and on the reverse:
HOC AVRVM ARTE CHEMICA CONKLAV1T HOLMI.&
A. 1706. o. A. v. PAYKVLL. Notwithstanding
this, his execution was not delayed, and he was
beheaded at Stockholm, Feb. 4, 1707.
Various comments have been made on this case
by Schmieder and others.
gressus a media sac. VII. ad medium sac. XVII.,
1782, p« 30; Wiegleb's translation: Geschichte des
Wachsthums und der Erfindungen in der Chemie
in der dltesten und mittlern Zeit, 1792, p. 201.
Giildenfalk, Sammlungvon . . . Transmutations-
geschichten, 1784, p. 28, §22.
Kortum verteidiget die Alchimie, 1789, p. 193.
Henckel, Mineralogische, chymische und alchy-
mistische Briefe, 1794, i. p. 148.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 294.
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Erganzungen zu
. . , Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816,
v. col. 1759.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 506.
Hermann Peters, A us Pharmazeutischer Vorteit
in Bild vnd Wort, Berlin, 1886, p. 217.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 192, 206.
PAYSAN.
See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Le Petit Paysan.
PELAGIUS.
De sacra arte.
See DEMOCRITUS, De Rebus Sacris, 1717, p. 32.
The original tract on transmutation, of which the
present is a translation, occurs in the St. Mark's
MS. and in the larger number of the Greek MSS.
The present edition is reprinted from that of
Pizimenti, which appeared at Padua 1572-3. ff- 18.-23-
and also appended to Mizaldus' ' Memorabilia,'
Coloniae, 1572, f. 239 ; 1573, f. 239 ; 1574, f. 239.
Borel, Bibliotlieca Chimica, 1654, p. 183.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 875.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graeca, 1724, xii. p. 764.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 481.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermltique, 1742, i. p. 463 '< »'• PP- 9, I2. l8. »>>
25, 259.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 314.
Murr, Litterarische Nachrichien zu der Geschichle
des sogenannten Goldmachens, 1805, p. 3.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 70.
Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literdr-
geschichte, 1838, I. ii. p. «99-
PELLETIER (JEAN).
See STARKEY (GEORGE).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 259, 302.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv.
P- 43i-
II
Nothing is known about the author, not even the
date at which he lived. Murr calls him the oldest
of the Greek alchemical writers ; but that is not
correct, seeing that he himself quotes Zosimus.
His name does not occur in the oldest catalogue of
Greek alchemists, but it is included in some of the
later ones. For details see Kopp and Berthelot.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. pp. 262-
263 ; 1866, i. pp. 271-272.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 154.
Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschtchte der Chemie, 1869,
pp. 424-428.
Berthelot, Les Origines de r Alchimie, 1885,
passim.
Berthelot, Collection des Anciens Alchimistes
Grecs, iii. Tomes, 1888 (i. ' Introduction,' passim,
the MSS. ; ii. Texte Grec, pp. 253-260, & passim ;
iii. Traduction, pp. 243-250, & passim).
Berthelot, Introduction a I' Etude de la Ckimie
des Anciens et dn Moyen Age, 1889, passim.
Hoefer, Histoire tie la Chimie, 1843, "• P- 4O1 \
1869, ii. p. 394.
1 78
PELSHOFER—PEMBER TON
PELSHOFER QOHANN GEORG).
See BEGUINUS (JOHANNES), Tyrocinium chymicum.
See WECKER (HIERONYMUS), Dissertatio Philosophico-Medica de Paracelsistarum
Unguento Armario sub prassidio Johan. Georgii Pelshoferi.
His name is also spelt Pelzhofer. He was a
native of Gratz in Lower Styria, and was born in
1599. In 1624 he graduated M.D. at Basel, and
practised at Hayna in Silesia, and in 1627 passed
to Wittenberg as professor of medicine.
He edited the above work of Beguinus with a
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 589.
Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. LI 2
recto, Ann. u Jul. 1637 ; Riga, 1691, Tom. ii. p.
46, ii Jul. 1637.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 482.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 634.
Zedler, Universal- Lexicon, 1741, xxvn. col. 214.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1363 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz-
ungen, 1816, v. col. 1835.
preface, Hartmann's Treatise on Opium, Witten-
berg, 1635, 4° ; De Paracelsistarum unguento
armario, Argent., 1650, 4° ; Decas Paradoxorum
Chymicorum, ib. 1650, 4°, and other treatises on
medicine.
He died at Wittenberg, ii July, 1637.
Matthioe, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 484.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 319.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
P- 535-
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine,
1778, iii. p. 511.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 573.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 117.
PEMBERTON (HENRY).
See PHARMACOP£E du College Royal des Medecins de Londres, 1761.
Pemberton was born at London in 1694, was
educated under John Ward, and in Aug., 1714,
went to Leyden to study medicine with Boerhaave.
He next went to Paris for anatomy, returned to
London for clinical study at St. Thomas's Hospital,
and finally graduated at Leyden, 27 Dec., 1719.
He did not cultivate the practice of medicine when
he settled in London, but rather pursued mathe-
matical science, which had a strong attraction for
him, and ultimately brought him into intimate
relations with Sir Isaac Newton, for whom he
edited the third edition of the Principia. In 1728
he was appointed Gresham professor of physic, and
Jacob Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philoso-
phischen Historie, Ulm, 1736, vii. p. 747.
John Ward, Lives of the Professors of Gresham
College, 1740, ii. p. 301.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxvii. col. 221.
The Gentleman's Magazine, 1771, p. 143.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 353
(Pharmacopoeia).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 703
(Course of Physiology).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 388.
Hutton, Shaw and Pearson, The Philosophical
Transactions . . .from 1665 to 1800, abridged, 1809,
vi. p. 570.
Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812,
App. iv. p. xxxv., 8 Dec., 1720.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1815, xxiv. p. 279.
Rotermurid, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu
. . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816,
v. col. 1835 (calls him Pemperton).
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25). vi. p. 387.
Biographie Universelle, 1823, xxxiii. p. 306 ; no
date, xxxii. p. 422.
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors, ii.
743 P-
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v.
pp. 172, 227.
he gave lectures on chemistry, his scheme of which
was published in 1731 and the lectures themselves
in 1771, edited by James Wilson. From 1739 to
1746 he was occupied with the fifth edition of the
London Pharmacopoeia for the Royal College of
Physicians. The experimental work for it was all
done by himself. The book was published in 1746.
Pemberton died 9 March (April, Thomson), 1771.
He is the author of a good number of published
works, lists of which are given by Chalmers and
others. He also left a number of works in
manuscript.
The Georgian Era, 1833, ii. p. 556.
Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopadie, iii.
Section, 1841, xv. p. 335.
C. R. Weld, A History of the Royal Society,
1848, i. pp. 312-313.
Brewster, Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and
Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton, 1855, i. p.
318 ; ii. pp. 378, 383.
Knight, The English Cyclopcedia. Biography.
1857, iv. col. 726.
Poggendorff, Blographisch-literarisches Hand-
•wdrterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 398.
Nouvelle Biographie Gen£rale, 1865, xxxix. col.
520.
Allibone, A Critical Dictionary of English
Literature, 1878, ii. p. 1548.
Munk, The Roll of the Royal College of Physicians
of London, 1878, iii. pp. 382-3.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 706.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mfdi-
cales, zeme SeYie, 1886, xxii. p. 410.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv.
P- 527;
Billings, Index -Catalogue, 1889, x. p. 643.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1895, xliv. p.
280 (article by G. L. G. Norgate).
PENES— PENO TVS 1 79
PENES Nos Vnda Tagi.
See ESPAGNET (JEAN D').
PENOTUS (BERNARDUS GEORGIUS).
Apologia. Bernard! G. Penoti, a Portu S. Mariae Aquitani in Duas Partes
divisa ad losephi Michelii Middelburgensis Medici scriptum, quo Bern.
P. a Portu Aquitani sententiam de pseudotemporistis, in praefatione Dialogi
inter Naturam & Filium Philosophise expositam turpi inscitia & calumnia
impudenti inuertit. Cui sequentia opuscula adiuncta sunt : De Physici
Lapidis materia, & quibus signis dignoscatur. Item de multiplici igne lapidis
1600. Francofurti, e Collegio Paltheniano Sumtibus lonae Rhodii.
8°. Pp. 1-96.
Apologiae . . . adversus losephi Michelii Lucensis Medici Middelburgensis cauilla-
tiones Pars Altera, in qua auctor non solum iniurias immerito sibi a Michelio illatas, in
ipsum retorquet, verum etiarn plurimos errores, absurditates & contrarietates, quibus
Michelii scriptum de veteri & vniuersali medicina editum scatet, proponuntur, exarnin-
antur & refutantur. . . .
Pp. 97-166.
Axiomata Physica ex grayissimorum Philosophorum Libris eruta, quibus adiuncta
est epistola summi philosophi loannis Pontani de lapide philosophorum, in qua non
solum de materia lapidis agitur, verum etiam de igne physicorum, quo mediante, totum
opus perficitur. Et Epistola Bernardi Penoti a Portu, ad D. Andream Libauium et
Librorum ab auctore editorum Catalogus. 1600. Francofurti E Collegio Paltheni-
ano Sumtibus lonse Rhodii.
Pp. 167-169 (misprint for 199), [i blank] [32].
Theophrastisch Vade Mecum. Das ist : Etliche sehr niitzliche Tractat, von
der warhafftigen bereittung vnd rechtem gebrauch der Chymischen Medi-
camenten. Durch den Achtbarn vnd Hochgelarten Herrn, Bernhardum G.
Penotum, a portu S. Marise, Aquitanum, beider Artzney D. zu Franckenthal,
erstlich in Latein heraus geben. Jtzo aber alien Kunstliebende Teutschen
zu sonderbarem nutz in vnsere vernehmliche Muttersprache transferiret, durch
lohannem Hippodamum, Cheruscum. Den Inhalt aller Tractatlein, findet
man nach der Vorrede, Vnd mit einem ordentlichen Register zu Ende
gesetzet. Zu Magdeburgk bey Johan Francken Anno 1596. Cum Gratia
et Privilegio, &c.
4°. Pp. [16] 278 (for 240). Title red and black. The Index and Errata seem to
have been added to the 1597 issue, or else are wanting in this copy.
Other editions are mentioned by Sudhoff.
[Another Copy.]
It is dated 1597, and it contains Index and Errata, pp. [15, 4, i blank], MS. Notes.
Chrysorrhoas, sive de Arte Chemica Dialogus.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 139.
Epistola.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 364.
Praefatio.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 4 ; p. 81.
i8o
PENOTUS
PENOTUS (BERNARDUS GEORGIUS). Continued.
Quaestiones tres de corporali Mercuric.
Ad varias quaestiones responsio.
Quinquaginta septem Canones de opere Physico.
Vera Mercurii ex auro extractio cum sua historia.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. pp. 129-138.
Tabula, diversorum Metallorum vocabula, quibus usi sunt veteres ad artem
celandam, explicans.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 109.
De vera praeparatione & usu Medicamentorum chemicorum, Tractatus varii.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 592.
Tractatus varii de vera prrcparatione et usu
medicamentorum chymicorum, Francof., 1594, 8°.
This collection of tracts contains the following :
De vera Ellebori nigri praeparatione.
Libellus de Spagyricorum quorundam medicam
dosibus et administratione.
Quomodo omni tempore anni Hydromel parari
possit, vino Malvatico asquipollens.
Panacea vegetabilis, qua radicitus Podagra tolli-
tur, variique morbi sauantur.
A collection of tracts by Paracelsus and others
with prefaces by Penotus was translated into
English by John Hester : ' A hundred and fourtene
experiments and cures of the famous Phisition
Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Paracelsus . . .
whereunto is added certaine . . . workes by B. G. a
Portu Aquitano. . . .' No place or date [1584],
small 8°. The following is probably the second
edition : ' A hundred and foureteene Experiments
and Cures of the famous Physitian Philippus Aureolus
Theophrastus Paracelsus : Translated out of the
Germane tongue into the Latin. Whereunto is
added certaine excellent and profitable workes by
B. G. a Portu Aquitano. . . . London, Printed by
Vallentine Sims dwelling on Adling hill at the
signe of the white Swanne, 1596. Small 4°, pp.
[15, i blank] 82. It was reprinted with the works
of Leonard Phioravant, London, 1652, small 4°,
pp. [12] 75 [i blank]. These are of interest as
containing tracts by Paracelsus.
Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Mediconim chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 272.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hofiern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 277, 516, 590, 689. .
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 280.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 78, 95, 97.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 297.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 27 ;
1869, ii. p. 24.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 214.
Haag, La France Protestanic, 1858, viii. p. 184.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 399.
Nouvelle Biographie Generate, 1865, xxxix. col.
533 (from Kestner).
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 589, 966-68, 1598.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 235 ; ii. p. 320.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1889, x. p. 671.
Ferguson, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1885, ii.
pp. 29, 30, 41 ; 1890, iii. p. 35 ; 1892, iv. p. 6.
Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, pp.
328-331, 420, 421, 423, 424, 472, 474, 490, 573, 574,
575. 663. 684, 700.
was born between 1520 and 1530 at
Port-Sainte-Marie in Guienne. He studied at the
University of Basel, and there he seems to have
been fascinated by the doctrines of Paracelsus,
whom he subsequently styled an arch-plagiarist,
and to have devoted himself to the pursuit of the
philosopher's stone. He lost all his money and was
reduced to such a state of poverty that he had to
go into the poor's house of Yverdun in Switzerland,
where, blind and in the direst want, he died at the
age of ninety-eight years (Haag) about 1620, it is
said. Before his death he told Fabricius Hildanus
that if he had an enemy that he did not dare to
attack by force, and yet wished to do him the
greatest possible injury, he would urge him by all
the means he possessed to pursue alchemy.
Besides the preceding the following are ascribed
to him, but I have not seen them :
Libellus de sale nitro et ejus praeparatione, Basil.
1606, 8°.
De vera Hellebori praeparatione, edit, cum ejus
tract, variis, Basil., 1616, 8°.
Tractatus de Denario medico, quo X. medica-
minibus omnibus morbis internis medendi via
docetur, Bern., 1608, 8°.
Tractatus de quarumdam herbarum salibus,
eorum praeparatione et varia administratione,
Ursel., 1601, 8°.
Abditorum chymicorum tractatus varii, Francof.,
1595. 8°.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 86.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 184.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 129.
Coming, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 380 (cap. xi. § 17).
Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractatus,
1700, p. 332.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 386.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Mediconim,
1731, II. i. p. 485.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheccc metallicee,
1732, p. in.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740,
P- 634.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxvii. col. 276.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 474 ; iii. pp. 50, 260.
Tharsander, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, p. 86 (cap.
3- §2).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1370 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung tind Erganz-
itngen, 1816, v. col. 1849.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historiqitt de la Medecine,
1755, ii. p. 265 ; 1778, iii. p. 512.
PERCIS—PERNETY 181
PERCIS (HELIOPHILUS A).
Philochemicis [Epistola].
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 214.
Nova disquisitio de Helia Artista Theophasteo (sic) super metallorum trans-
formatione.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 22O.
See also ELIAS der Artist.
See EGLINUS ICONIUS (RAPHAEL).
See HAPELIUS (NICOLAUS NIGER).
This is a reprint of the tract : Disquisitio de Matthias gives a succinct account of this book :
Helia Artium, 1606, q.v. The preface by Helio- Anno 1606 Marpurgi prodiit personal! Heliophili
philus a Percis docs not occur in the 1606 edition, a Percis nova disquisitio de Helia Artista Theo-
nor is the Disqutsi&O assigned to him as it is here phrasteo, in qua de metallorurn transmutatione
in the Thealntm. adversus Hagelii & Pererii Jesuitarum opiniones
disseritur.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Georgius Matthioe, Conspectus Historic: Medi-
1637, p. 194. corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 540.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 389. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, der Rosenkreuzer , 1786, i. pp. 45-46.
1731, II. i. p. 485. Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, p. 491.
PERFECTA Salis communis praeparatio ad lapidem philosophorum.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemize . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 250.
PERLE (Eine) den Schweinen vorgeworfen.
See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1784, i. p. 277.
PERNAUER (GEORG FERDINAND).
Panacea Mirabilis, corrigendi potissimum vitiosi Sangvinis, seu Quinta Essentia
Auri, Raras Virtutis. In usum verae Medicinae Chymicae Studiosorum, &
Proximi emolumentum edita a Georgio Ferdinando Pernauero L: B: de
Perney. Ratisbonae, Literis Dalnsteinerianis, An. 1679.
8°. Pp. [2] 25 [i blank]. Vignette with the motto : Fumus Albus Amplectitur
Fumum Nigrum.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 326. (calls him ' Frid.' and gives the size of the book as
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 4°).
1731, II. i. p. 487. Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen »u
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practicce, 1779, iii. . . . Jochers allgemcinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816, v.
p. 445- col. 1916.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 268
PERNETY (ANTOINE-JOSEPH).
Dictionnaire Mytho-Hermetique, dans lequel on trouve les Allegories Fabu-
leuses des Poetes, les Metaphores, les Enigmes et les Termes barbares des
Philosophes Hermetiques explique's. Par Dom Antoine-Joseph Pernety,
Religieux Benedictin de la Congregation de Saint-Maur.
Sapiens animadvertet parabolam & interpretationem, verba sapientum, &
aenigmata eorum. Prov. i. v. 6.
A Paris, Quai des Augustins. Chez Bauche, Libraire, a Sainte Genevieve
& a S. Jean dans le Desert. M.DCC.LVIII. Avec approbation et Privilege
de Roi.
8°. Pp. [4] xx. 546. [Privilege 2, advertisements 4}
10*2
PERNETY
PERNETY (ANTOINE-JOSEPH). Continued.
Pernety was apparently a devoted student of the
cabala and occult sciences. His principal
treatise is entitled " Les Fables 6gyptiennes et
grecques devoile'es," of which an edition in 2 vols.,
8vo, appeared at Berlin in 1758, at Paris in 1758,
and again in 1786 and 1795. In this work he tries
to prove that the whole ancient mythology is
merely a long sustained allegory of the preparation
of the philosopher's stone.
The ' Dictionnaire ' is permeated by the same
idea, but in addition it professes to give explana-
tions of all the curious words used by Paracelsus
and other writers, and what is perhaps still more
useful to the readers of Hermetic books, the ex-
planation of the synonyms and common words used
in a peculiar way found in these books. For
example, under the word matiere there is a list of
over five hundred words, all used to denote the first
matter of philosophers. But after all one does not
feel the difficulties of the Hermetic writers much
diminished by the author's explanations. A second
edition appeared in 1787.
Pernety was born at Roanne, 13 Feb., 1716.
He entered the order of the Benedictines of St.
Maur, and availed himself of the opportunity for
study which presented itself to him in the abbey of
St. Germain-des-Pre's. In 1763 he went as chaplain
with the expedition to the Falkland Islands under
Bougainville, of which he afterwards published an
account. On his return he tried to get the regula-
tions of the order relaxed, but finding his efforts
useless he left the order and accepted the invitation
of Frederick the Great to become royal librarian at
Berlin.
Thie'bault has described how this invitation came
about, and has added some other information about
Pernety. In his youth Frederick had read ' Lettres
sur les Physiognomies,' printed under the name of
M. l'Abb6 Pernety, and he remembered both the
book and the name. It was written, however, by
a certain P. Bougeant, who, afraid lest his superior
should send him again to the dreary Maison de
la Fleche, as had been done to him for a little book
which he wrote on the 'Language of Beasts,' gave
the MS. to a young Abbd Pernety to be published
by him under his own name, and both were to keep
the secret.
Frederick, finding a M. Pernety among the
bankers sent him by Helvetius, asked him if he
were related to the Abb6 Pernety, to which he
replied in all good faith that he was his brother,
the king thinking of the author of the Letters, and
the banker of the author of the voyage to the
Falkland Islands. Thereupon the king proposed
to the brother to bring the Abbe1 to be his librarian,
with the title of Academician and 1200 Reichsthaler
salary.
When the Abbe" arrived and the king took him
for the author of the letters, nothing was talked
about but physiognomy, and a discussion for and
against the reality of it was arranged between
Pernety on the affirmative side, and the king's
secretary on the negative. The secretary lost
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, p. 598 (voy-
age to the Falkland Islands).
Nouveaux Mhnoires de V Acadtmie Royale des
Sciences et Belles-Lettres, Annee MDCCLXXXHI,
Berlin, 1785, p. 10 (farewell address to the Academy
when Pernety left Berlin).
Journal des Savants, Octobre, 1786.
Dieudonne' Thi6bault, Ales Souvenirs de Vingt
Ans de Sejour d Berlin, Paris, An. xii. (1804), v.
pp. 86-96.
himself in metaphysics and the librarian in anatomy
and morals, and they left the subject where it was
without convincing each other, and the only result
was an epigram on the two of them. M. le Catt, the
secretary, who had no looks to boast of, was bound to
cast doubt on it, and so M. de Horst, who was in the
same position, maintained that the man had an
excellent physiognomy, and when one insisted that
it was false, perfidious and mean, replied : ' 1 tell
you it is excellent, for it deceives nobody.' The
Abbe\ on the other hand, was good-looking, and
maintained the validity of the science, which had
become a sort of creed in his family. It is curious,
as Thie'bault remarks, that Bougeant by his original
treatise should have imparted a taste for physiog-
nomical observation to all the Abba's connections,
for even the banker cultivated it.
Pernety wrote a work about the Americans
against M. l'Abb6 de Paw, who maintained that
they were a degenerate race. It was tiresome, but
the Abb6 de Paw could not reply to it.
He was the author also of a long treatise, ' De la
Connoissance de 1'homme moral par celle de
1'homme physique,' which 'caught on,' perhaps by
virtue of its title. He translated also some of
Swedenborg's works in whom for a time he was a
thorough-going believer.
In 1783 Pernety left Berlin and returned to
France, and on this occasion he read a farewell
address to the Berlin Academy. Trouble caused
him by the Archbishop forced him to leave Paris
and to live with his brother at Valence as manager
of his farms, whence he retired to Avignon, where
he formed a sort of sect, numbering in 1787 about
a hundred members. When the revolution broke
out he passed through it as quietly as he could,
meddling with nothing, saying nothing, and keep-
ing out of sight ; but for all that he passed some
months in prison, keener than ever in the search
for the philosopher's stone, and fully persuaded
that he would live for centuries. 'I believe,' adds
Thie'bault, ' that when he died of old age in this
city in the year VIII. or IX. [1800-1801], he did
not believe himself to be in any danger ; when he
died, he did not think that he was doing more than
falling asleep.'
Thi6bault describes him as a man of very great
but confused and undigested learning ; very
amiable, never quarrelled, extremely agreeable in
society, and never argued. But on the other hand
he was credulous and easily persuaded ; he believed
in the cabala, the philosopher's stone, fortune-
telling, giants, witches, ghosts. In spite of his
weaknesses, however, everybody liked him ; he
was discretion itself, never uttered a word or gave
cause for the smallest quarrel or even an explanation.
In money matters he was said to be a little
mean ; it would, probably, be more correct to say
that he was careful and considerate.
Besides the works already mentioned, he wrote :
A dictionary of painting, sculpture and engraving,
edited the 8th part of ' Gallia Christiana,' and wrote
dissertations for the Berlin Academy.
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu
. . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816, v.
col. 1918-20.
Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei , 1844,
Nos. 3810 (' Les Fables Egyptiennes '), 3811 (' Dic-
tionnaire'), 3911, 3913.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apothckcr,
1855, p. 668.
Nouvelle Biographie Gi'tu'rale, 1865, xxxix. col.
619-21 (and the references).
PERNETY—PETRAEUS 183
PERNETY (ANTOINE-JOSEPH). Continued,
Ladrague, Bibliothegue Ouvaroff, Sciences Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 36.
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 552 (' Les Fables Egyptiennes '), Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1889, x. p. 963.
570 (' Dictionnaire '), 114, 115 (editions of Svveden-
borg).
PERVIGILIUM Veneris, ex editione Petri Pithoei, cum ejus & Justi Lipsii
Notis ; Itemque ex alio codice antique, cum notis Cl. Salmasii et Pet.
Scriverii. Accessit ad hsec Andr. Rivini Commentarius. Ausonii Cupido
Cruci Adfixus, cum notis Mariang. Accursii, El. Vineti, Pet. Scriverii et
Anonymi. Accessere ad calcem Jos. Scaligeri et Gasp. Barthii Animadver-
siones. Hagse Comitum, Apud Henricum Scheurleer. MDCCXII.
8°. Pp. xvi. 208. Index [15] i blank. Title red and black.
The Pervigilimn Veneris is not an alchemical poem, see Schweiger, Handbuch der Classiscken
treatise on copper, though it seems to have got in Bibliographic, Leipzig, 1834, II. ii. p. 718, and
here through that belief. Engelmann, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Classicorum,
For the bibliography of this anonymous Latin 1882, ii. Abtheilung, Scriptores Latini, p. 47.
PETERMANN (ANDREAS).
D. Andrese Petermanni, Anatom. & Chirurg. Prof. Publ. & Practici Lipsiensis,
Chimia, Opus posthumum editum a Filio D. Benj. Bened. Petermanno,
Praefecturae Lipsiensis Physico. Lipsise Sumptibus Friderici Lanckisii,
Anno 1708.
8°. Pp. [4] 130 [38].
Andreas Petermann, son of a clergyman, was 1688 he was made extraordinary professor of
born at Werblin, near Danzig, 7 March, 1649. anatomy and surgery at Leipzig, and was pro-
He was educated at Halle and Leipzig, and studied moted to the ordinary professorship in 1691. He
arts and theology as well as medicine, and practised wrote numerous works, disputations and program-
for a time at Gera. Then he graduated at Altorf mata on medicine ; he was an excellent obstetrician,
in 1673, practised at Torgau and other places and and was the author of a treatise on the philo-
then settled at Torgau, where he was of great sophy of Descartes. The above posthumous work
assistance during the visitation of the plague in is all that was published on chemistry by him.
1680. He himself was attacked but recovered. In He died 5 (3) Augt., 1703.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1779, iii.
col. 1420 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz- p. 278.
ungen, 1816, v. col. 1982. Ladra.gu.e,Bi6UotAeyueOuvarof, Sciences Secretes,
Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 1870, No. 1340.
1770, iv. p. 147. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 576. genden Aerate oiler Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 500. 540.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1889, x. p. 1028.
1778, iii. p. 518.
PETIT ALBERT.
See ALBERTUS PARVUS.
PETIT (Le) Paysan.
See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN).
PETRA ALBA (CAROLUS A).
See WITTESTEIN (KARL).
PETRAEUS (BENEDIKT NIKOLAUS).
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, 1769.
Critique iiber die Alchemistischen Schrifften.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. p. i.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th- »• P- 108. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 160.
Ladrague, Bibliothtque Ouvarof, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 584-85, 841.
PETREUS—PETRUS ARLENSIS
PETREUS (PETRUS PAULUS).
Musaeum Travaginianum, seu Hermeticorum Medicamentorum quae in Clariss.
Viri D. Francisci Travagini Musaeo elaborata reperiuntur, Elenchus, Vbi
eorumdem Virtutes, Doses, Cautelse, & Vsus clare designantur, cura, & studio
Petri Pauli Petrei Phil. & Med. Doct. Venetiis, MDCLXXIX. Apud
lo: lacobum Hertz. Superiorum permissu, & Priuilegio.
12°. Pp. [36] 141 [3 blank]. 4 folding plates.
The present work is quoted by Rotermund.
Franciscus Travaginus was a mathematician and
physicist of Ragusa, who lived about 1613, accord-
ing to Jbcher. That date, however, seems too
early, for the only tract, apparently, which he pub-
lished was that on the earthquake which took place
on the 6th April, 1667, and destroyed nearly the
whole of Ragusa. Its title is : ' Francisci Trava-
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1295 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1816, v. col. 2036.
gini super observation! bus a se factis tempore
vltimorum TerrEemotuum, ac potissimum Ragusi-
ani Physica Disquisitio, Seu Gyri Terras Diurni
Indicium. Lugduni Batavorum M. DC.LXIX.,'
4°, pp. [n, i blank] 29 [3 blank]. Another edition :
'Juxta Exemplar Venetiis impressum, Anno
M.DC.LXXIII.,1 4°, pp. [7] 17. The dedication is
' Datum Venetijs, Kal. April. 1669.'
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practice, 1779, '"•
p. 447.
PETRUS ARLENSIS DE SCUDALUPIS.
D. Petrus Arlensis de Scudalupis enucleatus, oder kurtzer Auszug der Alchy-
mistischen Processe und anderer Curiositaten, so dieser Autor, als Presbyter
Hierosolymitanus, in seinem vormahls Anno 1610 zu Parifs gedruckten,
anietzo aber sehr raren Tractat von der Sympathia der sieben Metallen,
und sieben auserlesenen Steine, die sie mit denen sieben Planeten haben, heraus
gegeben ; Nunmehr aus dem Lateinischen ins Teutsche iibersetzt, und denen
Liebhabern Natiirlicher und curioser Wissenschafften communiciret. Berlin,
Bey Johann Andreas Riidiger, 1715.
8°. Pp. [8] 104.
Sympathia.
See LEONARDUS (CAMILLUS), l6lO.
The work of Petrus Arlensis is said to have
appeared first at Madrid and then at Rome. This,
however, lacks confirmation, and Lessing doubts
the existence of these editions.
According to Schmieder the epithet ' Arlensis '
denotes that he was a native of Aries in Rou-
sillon, Presbyter Hierosolymitanus, that he lived in
the East, and his mention of Peru that he must
have lived in the sixteenth century and not in the
thirteenth. His book was a commentary on the
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 29 (under
Arlensis).
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Medicorum,
1697, p. 46, No. Ixxviii.
Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. no.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 284.
Arpe, De Prodigiosis Natures et Artis operibus,
Talismanes et Amuleta dictis, 1717, pp. 122, 151.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^,
1732, p. 132.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. p. 99 (T. J. lib. i.
cap. xi. §n).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 103.
Arab Balemis (?) who does not appear to be known
before 1500.
It was first printed in 1610 along with Camillus
Leonardus, then in 1715, in German ; afterwards
at Hamburg, 1717, ' P. Arlensis de S. redivivus '
by Hannemann, and at Augsburg. The preface
of the 1715 edition contains an account of the
opal which the writer endows with all the virtues
of the other precious stones and which he praises
for its beauty and its curative power.
Vogt, Catalogus historico-criticus librorum
rariorum, 1747, p. 54.
Clement, Bibliotheque Curieuse historique et
critique, 1751, ii. p. 113 (edition of Madrid, 1602,
fol. tres-rare).
Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 458 (' Matrit. 1602, fol. rarissimum
est ').
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 81.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
PP- 593. 655-
Lessing, Kollektaneen zur Literatur, 1790, i. p.
86 ; ii. p. 212.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 299.
Schmieder, Geschichte der A Ichetnie, 1832, p. 276.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 364.
PETRUS BONUS— PETTUS
'85
PETRUS BONUS.
See BONUS (PETRUS).
Maier, Symbola Aurece Mensee, 1617, p. 381.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1733, iv. col. 691.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 124.
PETRUS DE SILENTO.
F. A. Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Naturelles
au Moyen Age, 1853, p. 387.
Vom metallischen Kunststiicke der Weisen, ubersetzt und mit Anmerkungen
begleitet von J. . . .
See SCHRODER (FR. J. WIL.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1774, II. ii. p. 131.
Opus.
See THEATRUM CHEM1CUM, 1659, iv.
This person is called Petrus de Silento, or Silen-
tinus, or Petrus de Zalento.
From the fact that Petrus quotes only Geber,
Aristoteles, Morienus, and no authority more
recent than the ' Vision ' of Arisleus, or ' Turba
Philosophorum,' Schmieder is of opinion that he
flourished about 1 160-80. But, not to speak of
Hermes, to whom he frequently refers — in fact the
tract is more of a lengthy paraphrase of the Smar-
agdine Table than anything else — he mentions also
Albertus. Now if it be Albertus Magnus he means,
he must have lived at least a century later.
Nazari, Delia Tramulatione Metallica Sogni
tre. ^99, p. 141.
Maier, Symbola Aurea Menste, 1617, p. 382.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 212.
PETRUS TOLETANUS.
See ROSARIUM PHILOSOPHORUM.
Petrus Villanovanus, said to be a brother of
Arnoldus of the same name, lived at Toledo and
was therefore called Toletanus.
He is said to be the author of the oldest tract
entitled ' Rosarium Philosophorum ' which was
printed so often and circulated even to a recent
Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p. 332.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 64.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p.
146.
PETRUS DE ZALENTO.
See PETRUS DE SILENTO.
p. 985.
Petrus himself is not quite accurate, for he gives
Morienus the credit of the statement : Festinatio
est ex parte diaboli, which really belongs to Geber.
Schmieder says correctly that a number of Arabic
words occur in this tract.
The ' Septem ^Enigmata ' may have been by
him. Nazari ascribes to him 'Epistola de Occulta
Philosophia,' and also mentions ' Petri Silentii, in
Arte alchimica tractatus,' who seems to be the
same person.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 907.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 127.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, " Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1010, ion.
date in manuscript. Later tracts of a similar name,
' Rosarius major ' and ' Rosarius minor ' are also
extant. The earliest one was published at Frank-
furt in 1550, and an abstract in Balbian's collection
in 1599.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 411 ;
1866, i. p. 435.
P. A. Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Natvrelles
au Moyen Age, 1853, p. 387.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 376.
PETTUS (JOHN).
Fleta Minor. The Laws of Art and Nature, in Knowing, Judging, Assaying,
Fining, Refining and Inlarging the Bodies of confin'd Metals. In Two Parts.
The First contains Assays of Lazarus Erckern, Chief Prover (or Assay-Master
General of the Empire of Germany) in v. Books : originally written by
him in the Teutonick Language, and now translated into English.
The Second contains Essays on Metallick Words, as a Dictionary to many
pleasing Discourses. By Sir John Pettus, of Suffolk, Kt. Of the Society
for the Mines Royal. Illustrated with 44 Sculptures.
Mai. 3. 3. Numb. 31. 31.
Jehovah Chimista Supremus.
Carolus, D. G. Secundus.
1 86
PE TTUS—PFEFFER
PETTUS QOHN). Continued.
London, Printed for and sold by Stephen Bateman at the Sign of the
Bible over against Furnivals-Inn Gate in Holbourn. MDCLXXXVI.
Folio. Pp. [44] 345 [i blank]. Title red and black. Portrait (separate) and 41
plates in the text.
Fleta Minor, Spagyrick Laws, The Second Part. Containing Essays on Metallick
Words : Alphabetically composed, as a Dictionary to Lazarus Erckern. Illustrated
with two Sculptures. By Sir John Pettus, of Suffolk, Knight.
Scire tuum nihil est,
Nisi te scire, hoc sciet alter.
London, Printed, for the Author, by Thomas Dawks, his Majesty's British Printer, at
the West-end of Thames-street. 1683.
Folio. Pp. [8] [1-80] 81-133 [i blank]. 2 engravings.
Pettus was born in the year 1613. He entered
the service of Charles I. in 1639 and was knighted
25 Nov., 1641. He was taken prisoner by Crom-
well at Lowestoft, and kept a prisoner in Windsor
Castle for fourteen months. In 1645 at the siege
of Bristol his life was saved by Colonel Charles
Fleetwood, but afterwards he was put on his trial
for four charges, two of which he answered com-
pletely, while the other two apparently never came
to a hearing. As he was disposed favourably to-
wards the crown he exerted himself to save the life
of Charles I. and subsequently furnished money to
Charles II. Notwithstanding, he lived apparently
on good terms with Cromwell, and was appointed
deputy governor of the royal mines.
In 1670 he was returned to Parliament and in
1672 was deputy lieutenant of Suffolk and rendered
good service during the war with Holland.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothectz metallic^,
1732, p. in.
Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic
ffermMque, 1742, iii. p. 260.
Wood, Athence Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1815, ii.
col. 402, (a political book).
Rotermund, Fortsetsung und Erganzungen zu
. . . Jo'chers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1816,
v. col. 2iii (quotes Fleta Minor, 1683, fol. ; Fodinse
regales, 1670, 4° ; Volatiles, 1666, 8°).
By his expenditure on behalf of the crown he
became much impoverished, and seemed latterly to
be in absolute want. He died in 1690.
Under Ercker, reference has already been made
to this translation of Ercker's book. He also wrote :
' Fodinae Regales, or the History, Laws and Places
of the Chief Mines and Mineral Works in England,
Wales, and the English Pale in Ireland. . . .
London . . ., 1670,' sm. fol. pp. [20, including a fine
portrait by Sherwin of Pettus, aged 57, and two
plans of mines] 108 [7, i blank] ; ' Volatiles from
the History of Adam and Eve : containing many
unquestioned Truths and allowable Notions of
several Natures. London, 1674,' 8°, pp. [8] 188
[2], which is a running commentary on the narrative
of the creation and fall as told in Genesis ; some
historical and political works, and he left a number
of manuscripts.
Granger, A Biographical History of England,
1824, v. p. 289.
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors)
ii. 7$ic.
Donaldson, Agricultural Biography, 1854, p. 34.
Allibone, A Critical Dictionary of English
Literature, 1878, ii. p. 1573.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlv. p.
in, and references (article by W. A. S. Hewins).
PEZELIUS (MICHAEL).
Opus singulare ... ex Theophrasto Redivivo M. Pezelij.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, vi. 1 66 1, p. 518.
Ein sonderbar Werck ... ex Theophrasto redivivo.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum.
1624, p. 224.
Epilogus Orthelii,
PFEFFER (ERICUS), Itzehoensis Holsatus.
See AMOR PROXIMI.
Ericus Pfeffer is one of the authors mentioned by
Crusius (see his list inserted in Abraham Eleazar's
Uraltes Chymisches Werk, Erfurt, ist edit., 1735),
manuscripts by whom he had the intention of print-
ing. The entry is : Erici Pfefferi, Itzenhohensis
Holsati Secretum denutatum (sic) Philosophies
Occultae. Pfeffer, however, is said to have left
eighty manuscripts behind him. To what is stated
in the note to AMOR PROXIMI, the following may
be added. It is from the Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst that information is obtained on this
subject: 'Pfeffer lived on the " Neglandirs Kraft"
in Amsterdam, and left eighty works behind him,
which consist of mere trash. Out of them, how-
ever, capital was afterwards made by Ernestus
Aurelius Reger. He compiled from them "Amor
proximi" and " Noscete ipsum physico-medicum."'
Semler, however, who quotes these statements,
defends Reger from the insinuations against him,
and considers him as not a cheat, but an adept.
For details of his manuscripts, Schmieder refers to
a book which I have not seen : Griindlicher Bericht
PFEFFER—PH&DRO 187
PFEFFER (ERicus). Continued.
auf einige Fragcn, nebst einem Catalogo vieler Besides the ' Occulta Philosophia ' already men -
raren und sonderlichen Manuscripten des neulichen tioned, he is credited by Arnold with the authorship
Philosopher E. P. I. H., Hamburg, 1683, 8°. of the following works: Hydrolithus Sophicus
Schmieder considers that his retired manner of ('The Waterstone of the Wise men'), Coelum
living and devotion to experimental alchemy tended Sapientum, and Liber Clavis Artis.
to confirm the general opinion that he was an adept.
Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 119. der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. p. 117.
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, ii. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 419.
p. 429. In the note under AMOK PROXIMI for Kirchen
Beytrag zur Geschichle der hohern Chemie, 1785, und Ketzer Geschichte should be substituted
p. 534, p. 670. Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien.
PFLUGK (CHRISTOPH).
Lapis Philosophorum Non Ens, oder : Kurtzer Vorbericht dafs der Stein der
Weisen nie gewesen, noch nicht ist, aus Gottlieb- und menschlicher Weifs
heit zum Nachdencken vorgestellet von Christoph Pflugk, Seelsorger in
in Vielau. Auf Kosten des Autoris, und in Schneeberg zu finden bey
Carl Wilh. Fulden, 1732,
8°. Pp. [10] 84.
Rotermund, who quotes this book, calls the interesting discussion, with a criticism of the tradi-
author 'Christian,' which is a mistake. It is an tions, beliefs, and literature of the time.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, ii. p. 108 (quotes Rotermund, Forlsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu
the present svork and devotes two and a half pages . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819,
to a violent attack upon the author). vi. col. 30.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 543.
PFORTE zu dem Chymischen Kleinod.
See R. (i. M.), 1728.
PH^EDRO (GEORG).
Vom Stein der Weisen.
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Triumphwagen Antimonii, 1624, p. 393.
Rare Chymische-Medicinische Arcana und Geheimniisse.
See TENTZEL (ANDREAS), Chymisch-Spagyrische Artzney-Kunst, 1736.
Corollarium de Hermaphrodito : et Lapide Philosophorum.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 804.
Chymischer Tractat vom Stein der Weisen.
See THEORETISCH und praktischer Wegweiser zur hohern Chemie, 1773, P- '41-
Phaedro's ' Medico-Chymicall Practise ' appeared In the British Museum there is Phaedro's
in English with the following title: The Art of 'Physical and Chemical Works,' London, 1654,
Chymistry, written in Latin by George Phaedro. 8°, but I do not know if this be the same as the
And done into English by Nicholas Culpepper above or not.
student in Physick and Astrology. The Third Kopp quotes : Aquila Coelestis, Basil., 1575, but
Edition. London, printed for Simon Neale at the I have not seen it.
Sign of the three Pidgeons in Bedford Street in Rotermund mentions Magnus Georg de Geleinen
Covent Garden, 1674. Small 8°, pp. [16] 133 Phaedron, physician and chemist of Gellcnhausen
[i blank], with a portrait of Culpepper prefixed. in Franconia, who wrote :
I have seen two copies of this edition, or rather of Liber de Balneis Puteolanis, Basil., 1571, 8°.
this issue, for the quoted title page seems to be a Chirurgia minor, Ibid. 1562, 4°.
cancel. I do not know the date of the first issue Praxis medico-chymica (in his Opera),
of the book. It is a collection of receipts or pre- Eleenus s. perfecta epilepsiae curatio— in Alex, a
scriptions for the treatment of diseases, but pp. 79- Suchten, Libellus de Antimonio, Basil., 1575, 8°.
128 contain the methods of preparing certain Praxis latrochemica, Francof., 1611, 8°.
chemical compounds. Opuscula latrochemica quatuor, ed. J. A.
1 88
PH&DRO—PHARMA COPOEA
PH^EDRO (GEORG). Continued.
Schenck of Graffenberg, Frankfurt, 1610 (1611),
8°.
Opuscula, inter quae Chirurgia minor, Basil.,
1562, 4° ; Francof., 1621, 8°.
The author himself speaks of two works, ' De
Podagra ' and ' De Medicina Sophistica,' but I do
not know if they have been published.
Gesner, who calls him Georgius Phaedro Rodo-
cheus, quotes the following besides the ' Chirurgia
Minor' : Halopyrgicas siue latrochemica pestis
epidemicae curatio ; Chirurgia cum libris Theo-
phrasti de Spiritibus Planetarum, 1571, 4°.
As a supporter of Paracelsus and advocate of
his views, he was attacked by contemporaries and
Gesner, Bibliotheca, ed. Frisius, 1583, p. 274.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 175-
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 185.
'N[erc\i\m,Lindeniusrenovatus, 1686, pp. 334,591.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 498.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 56, 261.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 123 (under
Rodocher).
Matthias, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 342.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 215
( ' Paracelsicus homo, ob pessimum testimonium
C. Gesneri mihi notus ').
in special by Bernardus Dessenius Cronenburgius
(q.v.}, who wrote in defence of the old medical
system. In reply to these attacks (he mentions
Cronenburger by name on sig. Biii recto} he wrote
the following vindication of himself, in which he
gives an account of certain cures which he per-
formed in the Netherlands :
Verantwortung, Ge. Fedronis von Rhodoch,
Auff etlich vnglimpff der Sophistischen Artzten
vnd seiner Mifsgiinner, darundter viel gewaltige
geheimnufs, zu gemeinem nutz der wahrhafftigen
Medicin offenbart werden. Virescit vulnere Virtus.
Anno M.D.LXVI. Small 4°, ff. [17, i blank].
Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 265.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 108, 181.
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnsungen zu
. . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, vi.
col. 40.
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors) ii.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykitnde, 1827, iii.
p. 510.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 280.
Li&d.ra.gVie.,Bibliothcque Ouvarqf, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 687-88, 1640.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 381.
PHARMACOPOEIA Augustana Auspicio Amplissimi Senatus Cura Octava
Collegii Medici Recognita Hippocratica et Hermetica Mantissa Locupletata
Recusa. Augusta. Anno M DC XLVI.
Folio. Pp. [10] 26, 351 [i blank] ; [30], Engraved title with emblems— portraits
of Hippocrates and Hermes, and a plan of " Augusta." Cut close at the bottom, and
most of the date cut off.
Taxa, pp. [2] 56.
PHARMACOPOEA Austriaco-Castrensis. Ticini. Apud Haered. Petri
Galeatii. 1795.
8°. Pp. 96. 10 MS. tables added of the price of drugs (Tassa del 1795).
PHARMACOPCEA Austriaco-Provincialis Emendata nunc primum Notis uber-
rimis locupletata Venetiis 1798. Typis Sebastiani Valle.
8°. Pp. xvi. 168.
Billings (Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 9) quotes an edition : Viennae, 1774, 12°.
PHARMACOPCEA BREMENSIS.
See VOLPI (THOMAS), 1793.
PHARMACOPOEA Helvetica, in duas partes divisa, quarum Prior Materiam
Medicam, Botanico- Physico- Historico-Medice descriptam, Posterior Com-
posita & Prseparata, Modum Prseparandi, Vires & Usum exhibet. Scitu
& Consensu Gratiosi Collegii Medici Basileensis digesta. Prsefatus est
Albertus de Haller, Dominus in Goumoens Le Jux, et Feudi in Eclagnens.
Prseses Societatis Reg. Scient. Goetting. Sodalis Acadd. Reg. Scient. Paris.
Reg. Chir. Gall. Imper. Berolin. Suecic. Bononiens. Arcad. Bavar. Societ.
PHARMACOPOEA 189
PHARMACOPOEA Helvetica. Continued.
Scient. Britann. Upsal. Bot. Flor. Batavic. Physico-Medic?e Basil. Oeconom.
Bernens. In Senatu Supremo Bernensi Ducentumvir. Accedunt Syllabus
Medicamentorum, in classes divisus, et duo Indices Necessarii, primus
Morborum & Curationum, alter trilinguis, I^at. Germ. Gall. Basileae,
Sumptibus & Literis Job. Rod. Im-hof & Filii. 1771.
Folio. Pp. 13 [i blank] 28, 212, 384, 54. Engraved frontispiece. Title red and black.
PHARMACOPEE du College Royal des Medecins de Londres, Traduite
de 1'Anglois sur la seconde Edition donnee avec des Remarques, par le
Docteur H. Pemberton, Professeur en Me'decine au College de Gresham :
Augmentee de plusieurs Notes & Observations, & d'un grand nombre de
Precedes interessans, avec les Vertus & les Doses des Mddicamens.
Premiere Partie. A Paris, Chez Jean-Thomas Herissant, rue Saint-Jacques
a S. Paul & a S. Hilaire. M.DCC.LXI. Avec Approbation et Privilege
du Roi.
4°. Pp. [2] xvj, cxlviij [there is an extra leaf in signature r, *rij, pp. *cxxix-*cxxx] ;
415 [i blank, 4].
Tome second. A Paris, Chez P. Fr. Didot jeune, Libraire, Quai des Augustins.
M.DCC.LXXI. Avec Approbation, et Privilege du Roi.
Over the imprint is pasted a slip of paper with the words: Chez P. The'ophile
Barrois le jeune, rue du Hurepoix, pres le Pont Saint-Michel.
4°. Pp. [4] 781 [5l
See the note under PEMBERTON (H.).
PHARMACOPOEA Lugdunensis Reformata. Mandato & cura Inclyti Collegij
Medicorum Lugdunensium. Lugduni Gallorum. M.DC.LXXIV. Ejusdem
Collegii sumptibus excusa. Typis lacobi Faeton. Cum Superiorum
Permissu.
4°. Pp. [12] 246 [8] [2 blank].
Billings (Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. n) quotes an edition : Lugduni, 1628, small 4°.
PHARMACOPCEA PARISIENSIS.
See CODEX MEDICAMENTARIUS.
PHARMACOPOEIA Pauperum, in usum Nosocomii Regii Edinburgensis.
Francof. et Lipsiae, In Officina Pleischeriana MDCCLX.
8°. Pp.' iv, 76. Vignette of the seal of the ' Nosocomium Regiuin.'
PHARMACOPOEA Rossica. Opus plane novum. Petropoli, 1803. J. Z.
Logano Commissum.
8°. Pp. [6] 1-164, 173-286.
Billings (index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 15) quotes editions of 1782, 12° ; 1798, 8° ; 1821, 8°.
PHARMACOPOEA Suecica. Cum Gratia & Privilegio S:ae R:ae Maj:tis.
Holmise, M DCC LXXV. Typis Henr. Fougt, Eq. Ord. Wasae, Typogr.
Reg.
8°. Pp. [10] 237 [3],
This is apparently the first edition. The second was issued in 1779 and repeatedly afterwards.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 16.
1 90 PHA RMA COPCEA —PHIL ALE THA
PHARMACOPCEA Taurinensis nunc primum edita Jussu Augustissimi Regis.
Augustas Taurinorum. M.DCCXXXVI. In JEdibus Academicis, apud
Joannem-Baptistam Chais Typographum Regium.
4°. Pp. [8] 246 [15, i blank]. Two folding plates.
PHARMACOPOEA Wirceburgensis.
See WILHELM (FRANC. HEINR. M.).
PHARMACOPOEA Wirtenbergica in duas partes divisa quarum Prior Materiam
Medicam Historico-Physico-Medice descriptam Posterior Composita et
Praeparata Modum Praeparandi et Encheireses exhibet. Jussu Serenissimi
Domini Ducis adornata et Pharmacopoeis Wirtenbergicis in normam
praescripta. Accedunt Syllabus Medicamentorum Compositorum in Classes
divisus et Indices Necessarii. Editio Nova revisa aucta et emendata.
Cum Gratia & Privilegiis Sacr. Caes. Maj. Seren. Elect. Saxon, nee non
Seren. Ducis Wirtenberg. Stutgardiae Sumtibus loannis Christophori
Erhardi Bibliopole. Anno MDCCLXXI.
Folio. Pp. [24] 156 ; [2] 252 [60]. Engraved frontispiece. Title red and black.
Syllabus Medicamentorum compositorum in Pharmacopoea Wirtenbergica comprehensorum, pp. 48.
PHARUS Chymiae, Oder hell-leuchtender Wegweiser zur chymischen Wissen-
schafft, welcher in dem ersten Theile von der Moglichkeit einer zu bereiten-
den Universal-Medicin handelt: Und in dem zweyten Theile die dunckeln,
fabulosen und allegorischen Redens-Arten der Philosophen nebst der
Zubereitung soldier Medicin selbst klar und deutlich anzeiget. Auf vieler
Kunst-Liebenden Verlangen zum Druck gegeben von einem In Chymicis
Experimentis Cooperante. Regensburg, Gedruckt und zu finden bey
Emanuel Adam Weifs. 1752.
8°. Pp. [6] 120. Title red and black.
The person who wrote this tract and who says 1742 (q.v. ). I have no information about the
that is by one ' In Chyrnicis Experimentis Cooper- author. The present work is quoted by Ladrague.
ante' had possibly as the initials of his name the It is not to be confused with Hanneman's ' Pharus
letters I. C. E. C. He wrote another book en- ad Ophir Auriferum.' It is quite up to date, and
titled : ' Unvorgreiffliches Gutachten von der Mog- mentions -rb <f>\oyi<rrbv .
lichkeit einer . . . Universal-Medicin,' Regensburg,
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1469, 1470.
PHILADELPHIA.
See PHILOCTETES (iREN^EUS).
PHILALETHA.
See GEBER, Chymische Schrifften, 1751.
PHILALETHA (CYREN^US).
See PHILALETHA (EIREN^EUS).
PHILALETHA
Abyssus Alchymiae Exploratus (sic) : oder die lang-gesuchte, und nunmehro gliick-
lich gefundene Verwandelung der Metallen, Vermoge des Steins der Weisen,
als des grossesten Geheimniisses, und Wunderwercks der natiirlichen Kunst
und kiinstlichen Natur, umstandlicher und griindlicher, als sonsten jemahls
PHILALETHA 191
PHILALETHA (EIRENJEUS), Continued.
von einem einigen Lapidisten geschehen ist, von Thoma de Vagan, einem
Englischen Adepto, zum nutzen der Philosophorum, zu Erweiterung der
Metallurgie, und zum Trost derer, die da Knechte dieses Erbes seyn sollen,
gezeiget und beschrieben. Hamburg, verlegts Christian Liebezeit, 1705.
8°. Pp. rs] 113 [5].
This is an extract from the QUADKATUM ALCHY- of Eugenius Philalethes, or Thomas Vaughan.
M1STICUM, q.v. The ascription of the book here to Thomas de
Notwithstanding its name, it is a translation of Vagan and the mis-spelling are part of the con-
the Inlroitus Apertus ad occlusum Regis Palatium fusion into which the whole of this subject has
by Eirenaeus Philaletha, and it is naturally not fallen,
mentioned by Antony i Wood among the writings
[Another Copy.]
Abyssus Alchemise explorata.
See QUADRATUM ALCHEMISTICUM, 1705.
Arcanum, or Secret of the immortal Liquor Alkahest, called Ignis-Aqua.
See COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, p. 5.
This is a different tract from Starkey's Liquor Sebastian Wirdig's Nova Medicina Spiriluum,
Alchahest, edited by Astell, 1675. Hamb., 1688, which work contains also a chapter
There is a version of it in Latin appended to on the same topic.
Brunn der Chemischen Wissenschaft.
See LANGE (JOHANN), Des hochgelehrten Philalethas und anderer auserlesene
Chymische Tractatlein, 1748, p. 301 ; 1749, p. 301.
See HERMKTISCHES A. B. C., 1779. »i> P- 83-
Brevis Manuductio ad Rubinum Ccelestem.
See BIRRIUS (MARTIN), Tres tractatus de Metallorum Transmutatione, 1668, p. 51.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 686.
See MUSEUM Hermeticum, 1749, p. 775.
Eine kurze Anleitung zu dem himmlischen Rubin von dem Stein der Weisen
und seinen Geheimniissen.
See LANGE (JOHANN), Des hochgelehrten Philaletha: und anderer auserlesene
Chymische Tractatlein, 1748, p. 254 ; 1749, P- 254-
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 80.
Enarratio Methodica Trium Gebri Medicinarum, in quibus continetur Lapidis
Philosophici Vera Confectio. Autore Anonymo sub nomine ^Eyrengei
Philalethes, natu Angli, habitatione Cosmopolit.se. Amstelodami, Apud
Danielem Elsevirium. clo IDCLXXVIII.
8°. Pp. 222 [2].
P. 189 : Vade-Mecum Philosophicum sive Breve Manuductorium ad Campum Sophine . . . Auctqre
Agricola Rhomaeo, horum Arcanorum vere adepto.
Fons chemicae Philosophiae.
See BIRRIUS (MARTIN), Tres tractatus de Metallorum Transmutatione, 1668, p. 88.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 693.
Fons chymicae Veritatis.
See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 799.
192 PHILALETHA
PHILALETHA (EIREN^EUS). Continued.
De Metallorum Metamorphosi.
See BIRRIUS (MARTIN), Tres tractatus de Metallorum Transmutatione, 1668, p. i.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 676.
See MUS/EUM HKRMETICUM, 1749, p. 745.
Von Verwandlung der Metalle.
See LANGE (JOHANN), Des hochgelehrten Philalethae und anderer auserlesene
Chymische Tractatlein, 1748, p. 189 ; 1749, P- l%9-
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii- P- ?8.
There is an English version of this tract con- ' A short Manuduction to the Ccelestial Ruby ' and
tained in : Three Tracts of the Great Medecine of 'The Fountain of Chymical Philosophy,' the whole
the Philosophers, by Eirenoeus Philalethes, Cosmo- corresponding to Birrius' collection,
polita, London, 1694. The other two tracts are
Introitus Apertus ad Occlusum Regis Palatium ; Autore Anonymo Philaletha
Philosopho. In gratiam Artis Chymicse Filiorum mine primum publicatus,
Curante Joanne Langio. Amstelodami, Apud Joannem Janssonium a
Waesberge & Viduam ac Haeredes Elizei Weyerstraet. 1667.
8°. Pp. [16] 79 [i blank]. On the title-page the sphere.
This is usually regarded as the first edition. note to the reader he states distinctly that the
Cooper, however, in his epistle to the English English edition is from the original and is not a
edition, says that he had seen the treatise in MS. retranslation of Langius' version,
long before Langius had translated it, and in a
Introitus Apertus ad occlusum Regis Palatium, Das ist : Offenstehender Eingang
zu dem vormals verschlossenen Koniglichen Pallast.
See CARDILUCIUS (JOHANN HISKIAS), Magnalia Medico-Chymica, 1676, p. 297.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 661.
See MUSJEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 647.
Secrets Reveal'd : or, an Open Entrance to the Shut-Palace of the King :
Containing, the greatest Treasure in Chymistry, Never yet so plainly
Discovered. Composed by a most famous English-man, styling himself
Anonymus, or Eyraeneus Philaletha Cosmopolita : who, by Inspiration and
Reading, attained to the Philosophers Stone at his Age of Twenty three
Years, Anno Domini, 1645. Published for the Benefit of all English-men,
by W. C., Esq; a true Lover of Art and Nature. London, Printed by
W. Godbid for William Cooper in Little St. Bartholomews, near Little-
Britain, 1669.
8°. Pp. [2 blank] [13, i blank, 16], 120 [6, 2 blank].
Eroffneter Eingang zu defs Konigs verschlossenem Pallaste.
See LANGE (JOHANN), Chymisches Zweyblatt, 1674, p. 9.
See LANGE (JOHANN), Des hochgelehrten Philalethae und anderer auserlesene
Chymische Tractatlein, 1748, p. 9 ; 1749, p. 9.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, i»- P- 73-
Traite" de 1'entr^e ouverte du palais ferm£ du roi.
See LENGLET DUFRESNOY (NICOLAS), Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique,
1742, ii. p. 121.
In Latin and French.
See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv. p. i.
PHILALETHA
193
PHILALETHA (EIREN^EUS). Continued.
Explication de ce traite".
See RICHEBOURG (J. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv. p. 121.
Experiences sur Poperation du mercure philosophique.
See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv. p. 138.
Principes, pour la Conduite de 1'Oeuvre hermetique.
See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv. p. 174.
Philaletha Illustratus, sive Introitus Apertus ad Occlusum Regis Palatium . . .
explanatus.
See FAUST (JOHANN MICHAEL), 1706.
Ripley Reviv'd : or, an Exposition upon Sir George Ripley's Hermetico-
Poetical Works. Containing the plainest and most excellent Discoveries
of the most hidden Secrets of the Ancient Philosophers, that were ever yet
Published. Written by Eirenaeus Philalethes an Englishman, stiling himself
Citizen of the World. London, Printed by Tho. Ratcliff and Nat.
Thompson, for William Cooper at the Pelican in Little-Britain. 1678.
8°. Pp. [i6][2]47 [i, 2 blank]; [2] 389 [3]; [2] 10 [2 blank]; [2] 28 [a]; [4] 25
[3] ; [3, i blank]. Engraved title included in the pagination.
W. Cooper was the editor of this book and con- exposition upon Ripley's First six Gates of the
tributed a couple of introductions and an advertise- Compound of Alchymie ; Experiments for the pre-
ment in which he mentions Starkey's connection paration of the Sophick Mercury ; A Breviary of
with Philaletha and gives a list of Philaletha's Alchemy ; An exposition upon Ripley's vision,
writings. At the end Cooper has added in Latin : Porta
The works contained in this volume are : An Prima. De Calcinatione Philosophica ; a chapter
exposition upon Ripley's Epistle to King Edward belonging to Philaletha's Fans Chymicce Philosophic,
IV. ; an exposition upon Ripley's Preface ; an which has been omitted by Birrius.
Cyrenaei Philalethse Erklarung uber die Sechs Chymischen Pforten des beriihmten
Englischen Philosophi Georgii Riplaei, sampt Eugenii Philalethas Euphrates,
oder die Wasser von Auffgang, welches ist ein kurtzer Bericht von den
geheimen Brunnen, dessen Wasser aus dem Feuer quillet, und bey sich die
Strahlen der Sonnen und des Mondes fiihret, aufs dem Englischen in die
Hoch-Teutsche Sprache iibersetzet durch J. L. M. C. Stockholm und
Hamburg, Bey Gottfried Liebezeit Buchhandl. Im Jahr An. 1689.
8°. Pp. 384 [13, 3 blank].
Cyrenoeus seems to be merely a misprint for In the present work pp. 3-98 contain Lange's
Eyrenaeus. The tract Euphrates by Eugenius translation of the Exposition on Ripley's Preface,
Philalethes mentioned in the title is not contained and pp. 99 to the end the Exposition on Ripley's Six
in this copy. It is to be observed that Johann Gates.
Lange evidently discriminates between the two
authors.
Commentarius in Epistolam Georgii Riplsei.
See PHILALETHA (iRENJEUS PHILOPONUS), Kern der Alchymie, 1685
Explication de la lettre de George Riple'e a Edouard IV
See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv.
p. 148.
Epistola contra Philaletham.
See HERTODT VON TODTENFELDT (JOHANN FERDINAND).
II. N
194
PHILALETHA
PHILALETHA (EIRENAEUS). Continued.
All that is known about this author is that he
wrote the Introitus in 1645, when he was 23 years
old, having, at that early age, become an adept.
But not only is his name not exactly known, but
great doubt exists as to his identity. With a very
large number of writers, they can hardly be called
authorities, he is jumbled up with Eugenius Phila-
lethes (g.v.), that is, Thomas Vaughan. By others
his works are assigned to George Starkey (see
British Museum Catalogue). In Die Edelgeborne
Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 196, he is called Child,
or Zheil, which appears to be merely a phonetic
corruption, whereas Bacstrom says distinctly that
his name was Winthorp and that he was Starkey's
patron. With the ascription of the book to Child
may be compared what Starkey says in the dedica-
tion to Boyle of his Pyrotechny, that he was intro-
duced to him by their " mutual friend, Dr. Robert
Child." Kopp is not quite sure as to his identity
with Vaughan.
The greatest confusion of all is made in the
Hermetisches A. B.C., vol. iii. All the works,
both of Eirenaeus Philaletha and Eugenius Phila-
lethes, except Aula Lucis, are there ascribed
to a person whose name is given as Henry
Vanghan (sic) which is doubly wrong. The name
of Eirenasus Philaletha is not mentioned at all !
The Aula Lucis is assigned to Thomas Vanghan
Morhof, De Metallorum Trans mutalione ad . . .
Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 143.
William Cooper, A Catalogue of Chymicall
Books, 1675, Part i. signs. Q 4 verso, Ri recto; Part
ii. signs. C 4 verso — Di verso.
Mercklin, Lindenins renovatus, 1686, pp. 108
(Ayreraeus (sic) Philalethes, author of the 'Enarratio
Methodica '), 1060 (Philaletha, author of the ' In-
troitus, &c.).
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Medicorum,
1697, p. 38 (Philaletha, ' candidus, ingenueque
disertus scriptor ').
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, Hamburg, 1702, p. 118 (first con-
fuses Philaletha with Thomas Vaughan, and then
condemns him).
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 196.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 499. (Manget, following Mercklin,
makes a distinction between Philaletha, author of
the ' Introitus,' &c.f and Ayreraeus (sic) Philalethes,
author of the ' Enarratio methodica. ')
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca met allies,
1732, p. in.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 402-10 ; reprint in Tome
ii. iii. pp. 48, 73, 74, 261-266.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein , 1753, ii. pp. 111-114
(Philaletha is very severely handled and is called
the " most horrible lying spirit and sophist that
was ever heard of or read about.")
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 88 (assigns
(sic), brother of the aforesaid Henry. Henry
Vaughan, who is presumably meant, has nothing
to do with these writings.
Schmieder knows nothing about the facts and
talks a lot of nonsense, as he usually does under
such circumstances.
Waite confused Thomas Vaughan with Eirenaeus
Philaletha, but afterwards in his edition of the
Lives of the Adepts, London, 1888, p. 187, he
altered his opinions, having apparently had his
attention directed to Wood's Athena: by a writer in
the Saturday Review.
Will. Cooper, however, is quite clear on the
subject. In his Catalogue of Chymicall Books, 1675,
Part I., he distinguishes between Eugenius Phila-
lethes, author of Anthroposophia Theomagica, etc.,
and Eir. Phil. Philalethes 'alias George Starkie,'
and in Part II. between 'Eugenius Philalethes alias
Thomas Vaughan,' Eir. Philalethes Cosmopolita,
author of Secrets reveal 'd, and Eir. Phil. Philalethes
author of the Marrow of Alchemy. As Cooper
was a contemporary and seems to have known
something personally of Starkey at least, perhaps
the best course to pursue may be to accept what he
says as the nearest approximation to the actual
facts.
The author otthtBtyfnyis in helpless confusion.
all the tracts to Eugenius Philaletha, or Thomas
de Vaughan, along with ' Lumen de Lumine ').
Giildenfalk, Sammlung von mehr als hunderf
wahrhaften Transmutationsgeschichten, 1784, pp.
172, 287.
Beytrag ztir Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 530, 621-2, 626, 630, 638.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie
der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. Vorrede ; iv. pp. 49, 53.
(Absolute confusion about Childe, Philaletha, and
Thomas de Vagan.)
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 13.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 199 (Cyrenaeus Philaletha said to be D.
Childe ; Ripley's Six Gates).
Lives of the Adepts, 1815, p. 88; 1888, p. 187.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, pp.
389, 601.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 207.
Figuier, L'Alchimieet les Alchimistes, 1856, pp.
276-286.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Onvctroff, Moscou, 1870,
Nos. 1155-73, 1717-18 (mixes them all up).
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 200 ; ii. pp. 87,
179, 336. 34L 347- 362, 391.
Waite, The Real History of the Rosicrucians,
London, 1887, p. 308.
Saturday Review, for Oct. 22, 1887, vol. Ixiv. p.
567-
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 84 (Phila-
lethes Cosmopolita Eirenaeus : Ripley reviv'd ;
Enarratio methodica trium Gebri medicinarum.
Three tracts of the great medicine of philosophers).
PHILALETHA (!REN>EUS PHILOPONUS).
Kern der Alchymie, das ist Ein durch Erfahrung bewahrter Tractat welcher
eroffnet das geheime und hochverborgene Geheimniifs des Elixirs der Weisen,
abgetheilet in zwey Theil worvon der erste fiirnehmlich die Theoriam der
ander aber die Practicam der Kunst erklaret, in welchen die Kunst so deutlich
eroffnet ist, als noch niemahls geschehen, zu Nutz und Dienst der jungen
anfahenden Arbeiter, und zur Uberweisung derer, welche in dem Labyrinth
PHILALETHA—PHILALETHES 195
PHILALETHA (!REN;EUS PHILOPONUS). Continued.
der Irrthtimer verwirret sind. Geschrieben durch Irenap.um Philoponum
Philaletham. Aus dem Englischen iibersetzt von Johann Langen. Leipzig,
Verlegts Valentin Adler, 1685.
8°. Pp. [16] 206 (a misprint for 205) [i blank].
Anonymi Philalethae Commentarius in Epistolam Georgii Riplaei, Aus dem
Englischen ins Teutsche ubersetzt von Johann Langen. Leipzig, Verlegts Valentin
Adler, 1685.
Pp. 62 [2 blank].
The first part is a translation of ' The Marrow The Commentary on George Ripley's Epistle is
of Alchemy, by George Starkey, 1654, reprinted by Eirenaeus Philaletha.
in A TRUE LIGHT of Alchymy, 1709, (</.v.).
Marrow of Alchymy.
See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy, 1709.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorvm Chemicorum, Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
1697, p. 45, No. Ixxiv. Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 343.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 13.
PHILALETHES (EUGENIUS).
Anima Magica Abscondita; oder eine Rede von dem Allgemeinen Geiste der
Natur, sampt dessen tieff-verborgenen, wunderbahren und merckwiirdigen
AufT- und Nieder-steigen. Durch Eugenius Philalethes.
Stapul: in Dion: Est autem Universum Speculum unum, ad quod
astans amor suum efformat Idolum.
Du a Digon : Heb Dhu, Heb Dhim.
Aus dem Englischen ins Deutsche iibersetzet. Im Jahr 1704 [Amsterdam].
8°. Pp. 83 [i blank],
Anima magica abscondita.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, »'• P- 122.
Antroposophia Theomagica, das ist, eine Rede von der Natur des Menschen,
und seinem Zustande nach dem Tode, an seines Schopfers erste Chymie
gegriindet, und durch eine mit der Hand verrichtete Untersuchung derer
Anfange der grossen Welt bekrafftiget von Eugenius Philaletha.
Daniel. Viel werden hin und her lauffen, und die Erkantniiss wird
vermehret werden.
Zoroaster in Oracul. Hore die Stimme des Feuers.
Aus dem Englischen ins Teutsche iibersetzet. Im Jahr 1 704 [Amsterdam].
8°. Pp. 75 [i blank]
The first edition in English was published at The German version was reprinted in the Archiv
London in 1650, small 8°, pp. [15, i blank] 70. fitr Freimdurer und Rosenkreutzer, Berlin, 1783, i.
It is followed by Anima Magica Abscondita, 1650, p. 353.
small 8°, pp. [14] 56 [r, i blank].
Antroposophia magica.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 115.
[Extract from Antroposophia Theomagica ]
See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Natunvissenschaft und Chemie, 1787, ii. p. 301.
196 PHILALETHES
PHILALETHES (EUGENIUS). Continued.
Aula lucis, oder das Haufs des Lichts.
See CHYMISCH-UNTERIRDISCHER Sonnen-Glantz, 1728, p. 394.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii.
p. 855.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 177.
The original edition was published in London, Wood informs us, are the last letters of the author's
1652, small 8°, pp. [10] 39 (misnumbered 25) [12, name : Thomas VaughaN. This is the very rarest
3 blank]. It bears the letters S. N. which, as of Vatighan's writings.
Euphrates, oder die Wasser vom Aufgang.
See PHILALETHA (CYREN^US), Erklarung, 1689.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. 415.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 134.
Euphrates is mentioned on the title-page, but is London, 1655, small 8°, pp. [2 blank, 13, i blank
not contained in the above copy of the Erklarung. 124 [16 of advertisements] ; reissued, with a differ-
The original English edition was published at ent title-page, 1671.
Lumen de Lumine oder ein neues Magisches Liecht, geoffenbahret und der
Welt mitgetheilet durch Eugenium Philalethen.
Gen. I, 3. Und Gott sprach, es sey Liecht.
Joh. I, 5. Und das Liecht scheinet in der Finsternis.
Pythag. Ne loqvaris Deo absq; Lumine.
Anietzo aus dem Englischen ins Teutsche iibersetzet, Von J. R. S. M. C.
Hamburg, Bey Gottfried Liebezeit, Buchhandlern. Anno 1693.
8°. Pp. [12] 122 [5 blank, i epilogue].
The original English edition was published at strengthened by magical power shines through the
London in 1651, small 8°, pp. [16] 101 [i blank]. thickest midnight darkness" (!) *
The comment in the Beytrag, is this : "A light Ladrague gives another edition : Hof, Joh. Gottl.
Vierling, 1750, in 8°, pp. 288.
Lumen de Lumine, neues magisches Licht.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 151.
[Extract from Lumen de Lumine.]
See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1787, ii. p. 265.
Magia Adamica oder das Alterthum der Magie als dererselben von Adam an
herabwarts geleitete Erweisung, welcher eine gantz vollkommene Entdeckung
des wahren Himmels, der Erden, oder derer Magorum himmlischen Chaos
und erste Materia aller Dinge zugefiiget durch Eugenius Philaletha.
Eyw S« TI fBovXo/Jiat ;
Anitzo aus dem Englischen ins Teutsche iibersetzet. Amsterdam, Gedruckt
im Jahr Christi, 1704.
8°. Pp. 160.
The original English edition was published at Magica Abscondila and the Anthroposoplria Theo-
London, 1650, small 8°, pp. [25, i blank] 140, magica have distinct title-pages and pagination
along with ' The Man-Mouse.' they are intended to accompany this tract.
Though the German translation of the Anima
Magia Adamica oder Alterthum der Weisheit, oder Himmel der Erde.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 86.
PHILALE THES— PHILANDER
i97
PH1LALETHES (EUGENIUS). Continued.
The Second Wash : or The Moore Scour'd once more, Being a Charitable Cure
for the Distractions of Alazonomastix. By Eugenius Philalethes.
Loripedem rectus derideat, ^Ethiopem Albus.
London, Printed by T. W. and are to be sold at the Castle in Cornhill. 1651.
8°. Pp. [18] 188. The leaf of Errata is wanting.
Alazonomastix was Dr. Henry More of Cambridge.
Vaughan having made remarks on his Psychodia
Plalonica, he retorted by a criticism of Vaughan's
Anthroposophia and Magia Adamica, in 1650,
and Vaughan replied in the Man-Mouse taktn in a
trap, London, 1650, small 8°, pp. [ir, i blank] 116.
More answered him in The Second lash, London,
1651, and Vaughan followed with The Second
Wash, as above.
More's tracts were reprinted along with his
Enthusiasmus Triumphatus, London, 1656, 8°.
It is a pretty specimen of vituperation, on both
sides. On the whole Vaughan bears away the
bell.
Eugenius Philalethes is the pseudonym of Thomas
Vaughan (1621-1665).
For his life see Wood and the Dictionary
of National Biography.
He was an admirer and follower of Cornelius
Agrippa, and wrote some verses which accompany
Agrippa's portrait in his Anthroposophia Theo-
magica, p. 53, and in the English translation
of Agrippa's Occult Philosophy (q.v.). The verses
are contained in the German translation, but not
the portrait.
A list of Vaughan's works is given by Wood and
by Watt, copied by Allibone.
Eugenius Philalethes has been identified with Eir-
enasus Philaletha, the Cosmopolite, and from this
has arisen a vast amount of confusion. His actual
name is misspelled and he is called Thomas de
Vagan ; an unconnected scribe's or printer's mistake
makes him into Thomas Vanghan, and he is con-
fused with Henry Vaughan (see HERMETISCHES
A. B. C).
Kopp is not sure whether he is the same as
Eirenoeus Philaletha, ornot, and mlheBtytrag (1785)
the works of the latter are erroneously ascribed to
Wood, Athena; Oxonienses, 1721, ii. cols. 368-
370 ; ed. Bliss, 1817, iii. cols. 722-726.
Lenglet Dufrcsnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 264, 266.
Matthias, Conspectus Historice Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 651.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 88 (as-
cribes the 'Iijtroitus,' etc., to Eug. Philalethes).
Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Bruderschaft des
Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutses, 1783,
p. 85.
Beftftg sur Gescluchtc der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 644.
Semler, Utiparteiische Samlungen zitr Historic
der Rosenkreuser, 1786, i. p. 85 ; 1788, iii. p. 94 ;
iv- P- S3-
Gmelin, Geschtchte der CAemie, 1797, i. p. 619.
him. Cohausen (Hermippits redivivus, 1748, p.
86) ascribes the Introitus to Eugenius Philalethes,
or Thomas Vaughan, and speaks of Starkey as an
acquaintance of Philalethes, so that the confusion
here is palpable.
Waite, The Real History of the Rosicrucians,
Lond., 1887, p. 308, also confused them, but after-
wards corrected his statements in the new edition
of the Lives ofAlchemystical Philosophers, 1888, p.
187, and also in his edition of The Magical Writ-
ings of Thomas Vaughan, London, 1888, small 4°,
with a biographical notice taken from Antony £
Wood and from a MS. diary of Vaughan's.
In addition to the magical and the controversial
books the name of Eugenius Philalethes is prefixed
to the Fame and Confession of the Fraternity of
R.C. [i.e. Rosy Cross], London, 1652, small 8°,
pp. [14, 55, i blank] 64 ; io A brief Natural History
. . . and Observations of the burnings of Mount
sEtna . . ., London, 1669, small 8°, pp. [14] 120,
which is possibly not his ; and he has also the
credit of the translation of Nollius' Chymists Key,,
London, 1655, and of Michael Maier's Themis
Aurea, London, 1656, small 8°, pp. [2 blank, 14]
120 [2 blank], though this last is probably not by
him either.
Eugenius Philalethes is highly commended by
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, i. p. 124, but the
value of his commendation has the gloss taken off
by his inaccuracy. For he calls the author Henry
Vanghan (stc\) of Breknot (sic\), and yet he
ascribes the A ula Lucis to Thomas Vanghan and
quotes Wood's A thence, ii. p. 369 ! Can he have
read this authority? Fictuld calls him a learned
man and warns his readers not to confuse him with
Eirenius (sic) Philaletha, who was a sophist and
deceiver.
Murr, Vber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen-
kreuser und des Freimaurerordens, 1803, p. 78.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteralur,
1806-08, pp. 198, 220, 300.
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1821, (authors) ii.
Kloss, Bibliographic der Frcimaurerei, 1844, No,
2435 (' Fame and Confession ').
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarojf, Sciences
Secretes, Moscou, 1870, Nos. 1163-64, 1167-68,
1717-18.
Allibone, A critical Dictionary of English
Literature, 1877, iii. p. 2513.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 310, 888, 390.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1899, Iviii. p.
181.
PHILANDER (JOACHIM).
Das Goldene Kalb, ein Gotzenbild der Anbetung. Oder Physico-Critico-
Patheologico Moralische Untersuchung der Natur und Wirkung des Goldes,
welche die wunderbare Kraft, die es iiber die Gemiither der Menschen hat,
und die erstaunenswiirdigen Veranderungen, so es darinn verursachet,
198 PHILANDER— PHILOSOPHY
PHILANDER (JOACHIM). Continued.
anzeiget. Nebst einer Nachricht von den Wundern des Psychoptischen
Spiegels, der neulich erfunden ist von Joachim Philander, M.A.
Consuluit melius, qui prsecipit ut facias rem,
Si possis, recte, uerum quocunque modo rem. Hor.
Aus dem Englischen iibersetzet. Hamburg, in der Hertelschen Handlung,
im Dom. 1745.
8°. Pp. [2] 318 [4], Vignette : A calf on a pillar, with people of various ranks
and professions adoring it.
A satirical work.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p.
p. 669. ( ' Probably the author has ploughed with 546.
the Calf of Helvetius or Schweitzer ').
PHILARETES (HONORIUS).
Honorl Philaretis Hermopolitani Jager-Lust oder Philosophischer Nymphen-
Fang, das ist : Griindliche und aufsfiihrliche Beschreibung des uhralten Steines
der Weisen, In welcher nicht allein desselben Art, Natur, und Eigenschafft,
sondern gantzliche Preparation, (neben alien dazu gehorenden Sachen) Wiirde,
Hoheit, endliche Wirckung and Tugend, Allen rechtschaffenen Kunstliebenden
Hertzen zu gute, und mercklicher Befoderung ihres Vorhabens, Philoso-
phischer Art und Poetischer Freyheit nach, zwar einfaltig doch klar und aufs-
driicklich, beschrieben, mit den furnehmsten Philosophis und ihren Schrifften
bekrafftigt, und auff eine Newe Manier in einer anmuhtigen Jagt vorgestellet
und begriffen ist. Hamburg, In Verlegung Georg Wulff, Buchandl. in S.
Johannis Kirch, Im Jahr 1679.
4°. Pp. [16] 88.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 13) quotes this book, but misnames the author
p. 631. Gmelin (Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. ' Honorius Philalethes Hermopolitanus.'
PHILARETUS (ANASTASIUS), Cosmopolita.
See MORSIUS (JOACHIM).
See NOLLIUS (HEINRICH), Via Sapientias Triuna, 1620.
PHILOCHIMICUS, i.e. Jean Menudier.
See GLASER (CHRISTOPHLE), Chymischer Wegweiser, 1710.
PHILOCTETES (IREN^US).
Philadelphia oder briiderliche Liebe fur die Liebhaber der Hermetischen Wissen-
schaft. Eine Schrift, worinne die Grundsatze der Hermetischen Philosophic
mit aller Aufrichtigkeit und auf das deutlichste endekt werden von Irenaeus
Philoctetes. . . . Nach dem Englischen Original iibersetzt.
See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1785, Hi. p. 37-
PHILOPISTIUS.
See AGRICOLA (DANIEL), Philopistius, Galerazeya, 1631.
PHILOSOPHE.
Traite d'un Philosophe inconnu, sur 1'ceuvre Hermetique revu et elucide par le
Disciple Sophisee, sous les auspices des Cohermeites, Philovites & Christophiles.
See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv.
p. 461.
PHlLOSOPtfIA— PHILOSOPHISCHE \ 99
PHILOSOPHIA die edle Kunst.
See VIER aufserlesene Teutsche Chemische Biichlein, 1697, p. 244.
See VIER unterschiedene Chymische Tractatlein, 1772, p. 40.
PHILOSOPHIA (De) Metallorum, Tractatus.
See BERNAUD (NICOLAS), Quadriga Aurifera, 1599, p. ir.
PHILOSOPHIA Salomonis, oder: Geheimes Cabinet der Natur und Kunst des
weisen Koniges Salomons eroffnet dutch den sogenannten Grossen und
Kleinen Bauer.
See GRASSHOFF (jOHANN).
PHILOSOPHICAL (A) Riddle of Gold, in Verse.
See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, l68o, p. 1 8$.
PHILOSOPHICI Lapidis Secreta.
See ARTIS AURIFERA . . . volumina, 1610, i. p. 249.
See GIN/ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 566.
See GEBER, Summa Perfectionis, 1682, p. 261.
See GEHEIMNUSS des Philosophischen Steins.
See GEHEIMNISS vom Stein der Weisen.
PHILOSOPHIE Naturelle.
See DIVERS TRAITEZ de la Philosophic Naturelle, 1672.
PHILOSOPHISCHE (Das) Auge in der Chymie.
See G. (F. A.), 1751.
PHILOSOPHISCHE Betrachtung von der Materia Lapidis, und seiner Bereitung.
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Triumphwagen Antimonii, 1624, p. 512.
PHILOSOPHISCHE Brieftasche.
See UNVORSICHTIG (Die) verlohrne aber doch gliicklich wiederum gefiindene
Philosophische BriefT-Tasche.
PHILOSOPHISCHE (Die) Hand.
See HORTULANUS (JUSTUS SIMPLICIUS), 1719.
PHILOSOPHISCHE (Der) Perl-Baum.
See WALCHIN (DOROTHEA JULIANA), 1722.
PHILOSOPHISCHE Regeln oder Canones.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. 216.
See ABRAHAM (ELEAZAR), Uraltes Chymisches Werk, 1760, part ii., p. 87.
PHILOSOPHISCHE Schaubiihne.
See BENTZ (ADOLPH CHRISTOPH).
PHILOSOPHISCHE (Das) Vaterherz.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 56.
See EROFFNETE (Das) Philosophische Vaterherz.
2CX5 PHILOSOPHISCHEN— PHILOSOPHISCHES
PHILOSOPHISCHEN Wasser (Von dem).
See VIER aufserlesene Teutsche Chemische Biichlein, 1697, p. 71.
See AUSERLESENER (Ein) herrlicher Tractat von dem philosophischen Wasser,
1772.
PHILOSOPHISCHEN (Von) Werck des Steins der Weisen.
See H. (E.) Ein ausflihrlicher Tractat von philosophischen Werck &c., 1702.
PHILOSOPHISCHER Haupt-Schliissel iiber Fratr. Basilii Valentini seine XII.
Chymische Schliissel.
See PHILOSOPHISCHES LIGHT und Schatten, 1738, No. iii.
PHILOSOPHISCHER Nymphen.Fang.
See PHILARETES (HONORIUS).
PHILOSOPHISCHER Phoenix.
See RIST (JOHANN), 1668.
PHILOSOPHISCHER (Ein) vnd Chemischer Tractat: genannt Der kleine
Baur. 1619.
See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN).
PHILOSOPHISCHES BLEY.
Von dem Philosophischen Bley.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii., 1598, p. 211.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemise, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi,
P- 37i.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 319.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 371.
PHILOSOPHISCHES Hermetisches Kleinod.
See MENSENRIET, 1737.
I. PHILOSOPHISCHES Licht und Schatten oder Ausfiihrlicher Unterricht de
Prima Materia Lapidis Philosophorum, Worinne klahr, deutlich und mit
vielen rationibus, Beweifs-Griinden, angestellten Experimentis und aus eigener
Experienz gelehret und gezeuget wird
I. Welche Objecta man hierbey zu vermeiden
II. Welches Subjectum man zu eligiren, wie die prima materia, und endlich
Lapis Philosophorum hieraus zu prsepariren und zu multipliciren. Deme als
eine Zugabe beygefuget ein wahres Particular, oder eine schone Tinctura, und
Citrination der Lunse, welche die Coleur jederzeit auf der Capell bestandig
behalt, hoch als Ducaten-Gold, geschmeidig und ziehig hieroglyphice vorge-
stellet. Leipzig und Nordhausen, Bey Johann Heinrich Grofs, Buchhandler
Anno 1738.
8°. Pp. 46 [2 blank],
II. Pleiades Philosophies Rosianae oder Philosophisches Sieben-Gestirn der
Rosen-Creutzer, bestehend in 7. sehr geheimen und vortreflichen Processen
das Universal betreffend. Wie solche per Testamentum von dem seel.
^x*
PHILOSOPHISCHES— PHILOTHEUS ioi
PHILOSOPHISCHES Licht und Schatten. Continued.
Autore, so ein wahrer Possessor gewesen des Lapidis Philosophorum einem
guten Freunde vermacht in einer mit Golde geschriebenen Schrifft auf Per-
gament, von welcher man solches Verbotenus abgeschrieben, und auf instan-
diges Ansuchen vieler Liebhaber dem Publico zum besten in Druck gegeben ;
Deme beygefiiget D. J. W. so das Mineralische Gluten geschrieben, richtiger,
wahrer u. sehr geheim gehaltener Grosser Universal-Procefs, wie solcher von
dem Autore selbst einem Amtmann, bey dem er logiret, und es selbst
elaboriret, communiciret worden. Leipzig und Nordhausen, 1738.
Pp. 56.
III. Pilosophischer (sic) Haupt-Schliissel iiber Fratr. Basilii Valentini seine
xn Chymische Schliissel, worinne
I. Die Parabeln und Gleichnifse expliciret werden,
II. Gelehret wird, wie a) nach dem alien langen Wege aus dem gemeinen
Golde und dann b) nach dem kurtzen Wege aus dem philosophischen Golde
der Lapis Philosophorum zu pnepariren. Deme beygefiiget Francisci Clingii,
J. U. D. niitzliche Anweisung und Explication iiber Basilii Valentini Chymische
Schrifften, auf was Weise solche niitzlich konnen gelesen und verstanden
werden. Leipzig und Nordhausen Bey Johann Heinrich Grofs Buchhandler.
Anno 1738.
Pp. 72.
D. J. W. denotes Dorothea Juliana Walchin.
PHILOSOPHISCHES Ratzel an die Kinder der Wahrheit.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL).
PHILOSOPHISCHES Ratzel in Teutsche Reimen gebracht.
See ZESEN VON FURSTENAU (FILIP).
PHILOSOPHISCHES (Ein) Werck und Gesprach vom gelben und rotten Mann.
See MELCHIOR, Episcopus Brixiensis.
PHILOSOPHUS CALLUS ANONYMUS.
See INSTRUCTIO de Arbore Solari.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermitiqw, 1742, iii. pp. 39, 267.
PHILOSOPHUS CALLUS DELPHINAS.
Liber Secreti Maximi totius mundanse gloriae.
See BARNAUD (NICOLAS), Triga Chemica, 1599, p. 25.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 774-
PHILOSOPHUS MIRABILIS.
See LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS).
PHILOTHEUS DE LIMITIBUS.
Das Hermetische Triklinium oder drei Gesprache vom Stein der Weisen von
Philotheus de Limitibus. Aus dem Lateinischen iibersezt und mit Anmer-
kung begleitet von J. J. Grienstein. Zweites Werkchen. Philadelphia, 1792.
8°. Pp. [16] 172 [a, 2 blank]. Frontispiece extra. 4 vignettes.
202 PHILOVITE— ^ ICO
PHILOVITE.
Lettre Philosophique de Philovite a He'liodore.
See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv.
p. 511.
Enigmes et Hieroglifs physiques, qui sont au Grand Portail de 1'Eglise . . . de
Notre Dame de Paris . . . Le tout recueilli des Ouvrages d'Esprit Gobineau
de Montluisant, . . . Par un Amateur des Verite's Hermetiques, dont le nom
est ici en Anagramme. Philovita, 6, Uraniscus.
See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv.
PP- 3°7-393-
Philovite was the author of another tract : La deni hermetischen Brunnen hervorquellende Wahr-
VeYite" sortant du puits hermetique oil; la vraye heit, . . . Leipzig, 1783. In the original the author
quintessence solaire et lunaire, baume radical de says that he has no wish but to be unknown and
tout estre, et origine de tout vie, confection de la he therefore calls himself ' Philovite. * * * * cosmo-
Me'decine universelle. Londres, 1753 (Paris, 1783), cole.' He appears as 'Philovita, 6, Uraniscus'
12°. It was translated into German by AdaMah and as ' Ph. . . . Ur. ..."
Booz (that is Adam Melchior Birkholz) : Die aus
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1309, 1319-22, 1482.
PHOENIX Alchymi33.
See BENEDICTUS (LIBERIUS), Liber Aureus, 1630, p. 102.
See HERMETISCHE (DER) PHILOSOPHUS, 1709, p. 75.
PHOENIX Philosophica.
See CANDIDA Phoenix Philosophica, 1680.
PHOENIX (Philosophischer).
See RIST (JOHANN), 1668.
The phoenix plays a marked part in alchemical literature, and its name occurs in the titles of the
symbolism, repeated references to it occur in the above and of some other books.
Maier, Symbola Aurees Mensce, 1617, pp. 29, Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. pp. 114-115.
33, 151, 197, 434, 562, 568, 597-598, 599, 603-607. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
Joseph Pellicer de Salas y Tobar, El Fenix y su pp. 614, 632, 633.
Historia natural, Madrid, 1630, fio letra E. Ladrague, BibliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
(meaning of the phoenix in alchemy, and a criticism 1870, No. 1046-7, 1263.
of alchemy itself). Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 381.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 42.
PHYSIC A Exotica, seu Arcana Naturae, et Artis. Continens selecta, curiosa,
jucunda, & omni fere hominum statui utilissima. In eorum gratiam denuo
edita qui amsena aequfc ac prodigiosa ejusdem utilitate delectantur.
Cassoviae, Typis Collegii Academici Soc. Jesu, A. 1767.
12°. PP. I83 [9].
This is a collection of receipts and secrets relat- mestic animals, insects, &c. , and at the end there is a
ing to colours, to plants, trees, fruits, to liquors, short vocabulary of technical names, chiefly of plants,
metals, the art of fire, medicine and surgery, to do- in Latin, Hungarian, German and Bohemian.
PICO (GIOVANNI FRANCESCO).
loannis Francisci Pici Mirandulse, et Concordiae Domini, Libri III. De Auro.
Opus sane Novum ac Aureum, in quo de Auro turn aestimando, turn con-
ficiendo, turn vtendo, ingeniose ac docte disseritur : Accessit Bernhardi
Comitis Antiqui Treuirensis, Philosophi experimentissimi He/at X?//i«ias Opus
Historicum £ dogmaticum, ex Gallico in Latinum simpliciter versum, & nunc
Pico
203
PICO (GIOVANNI FRANCESCO). Continued.
primum in lucem editum. Cum explicatione perutili «Sr periucunda com-
plurium tarn Philosophic, quam facultatis Medicae arcanorum. Impressum
Vrsellis, impensis Cornelii Sutorii. M.D.XCVIII.
8°. Pp. 13 [3 blank] ; 223 [i blank].
Opus Aureum de Auro.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 312.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 558.
Joannes Franciscus, a nephew of the great
Joannes Picus Mirandulanus, and son of Galeotti
one of the most learned men of his time, was born
about 1469. He devoted himself to philosophy and
theology, on which he wrote many treatises.
In spite of all his excellent qualities, he failed to
gain the goodwill of his subjects, and his brother,
Ludovicus, often made war on him, expelled him
in 1500, and held the Castle of Mirandula for 10
years. On his death Joannes Franciscus and Pope
Julius II. besieged the castle and took it from the
widow in January, 1511. Before the end of the
year he was driven out again ; then he recovered it,
and so remained continually fighting with the
widow and her son for the possession of the castle
till 1533, when the castle was surprised in the night
by the nephew, Galeotti II., along with forty armed
men. Joannes Franciscus and his son were killed,
the former while praying before a crucifix. His
wife and grandchildren were thrown into horrible
prisons and Galeotti usurped the principality.
Paolo Giovio, Le Inscrittioni paste sotto le verc
imagini degli Huominifaniosi in Lettere. Venetia,
1558, p. 182.
Leander Albert!, Descriptio totius Italia,
Coloniae, 1567, p. 557.
Paolo Giovio, Elogia Virorum literis illustrium,
XS77. P- I03 (no portrait).
Jo. Matth. Toscanus, Peplus Italia, Lutet., 1578,
p. 51, No. Ixxxiii.
Andr6 Thevet, Pourtraits et Vies des Hommes
illustres, 1584, ff. 518-521 (treats both of the uncle
and nephew, with a portrait of the uncle).
Maier, Symbola Aurecs Menses, 1617, p. 616.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 269.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 187.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 582.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 764 (no portrait).
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, P- 32. No. xlix.
Mpller, Homonymo-Scopia, 1697, p. 711.
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam literari-
atn derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 589.
Papadopolus, Historia Gymnasii Patavini, 1726,
ii. p. 42.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 273
(instances of transmutation).
Paul us Colomesius, Italia et Hispania Orientalis,
Hamburg!, 1730, pp. 46-51.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 339.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^,
1732, pp. 102, in.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. p. 97 (I. i. ii. 3);
I. p. 40 (II. i. 7. 16).
Jacob Brucker, Kurtzc Fragen aus der Philoso-
phischen Historic, Ulm, 1734, v. pp. 1449, 1456.
Joannes Franciscus was a great admirer of his
uncle, of whom he wrote a life, but he had not the
uncle's phenomenal ability or his prodigious
memory.
His only alchemical work was this on gold. It
was written so early as 1515 and in it he endeavours
to prove the possibility of the transmutation of
metals both speculatively and historically by actual
cases, of some of which he himself was eye-witness.
The first edition of this book, which is said to
have become now very rare, has this title : lo.
Francisci Pici Mirandulae et Concordiae Domini,
De Auro Libri Tres. Opus sane aureum in quo de
Auro turn aestimando, turn conficiendo, turn vtendo
ingenios6 & docte disseritur. Cum explicatione
perutili & periocunda complurium, tarn Philosophig
quim facultatis Medicas arcanorum. Cum Privi-
legio. Venetiis, Apud loannem Baptistam Somas-
chum. MDLXXXVI. Small f. pp. [8] 131
[i blank]. The book appeared also at 1-errara,
1587, 8°.
Niceron, Memoires, 1736, xxxiv. pp. 147-156.
Stolle, Anleitung sur Historic der Gelahrheit,
I736. PP- 413. 414-
Hauber, Bibliotheca Ada et Scripta Magica,
Lemgo, 1739, ii. (St. xx.), pp. 508-514 (review of
his work ' Strix ').
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 61.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetiquc, 1742, i. pp. 270, 471 ; iii. pp. 51, 73,
267.
Joh. Vogt, Catalogus hislorico-crilicus librorum
rariorum, Hamburgi, 1747, ed. tertia, p. 531 (1586
ed. ' Libris omnium rarissimis adnumeratur in
Catal. Biblioth. Heukelom-Akerslopt, P. ii. p. 81.')
Freytag, Analecta litteraria, Lipsios, 1750, p.
689 (quotes what Vogt says about the rarity of the
first edition).
Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1 552 ; Rotermund's Fortsetsung und Ergant-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 140.
Brucker, Historia critica philosophies, 1766, IV.
i. p. 60.
Les Bibliothiques Francoises de la Croix du
Maine et de Du Verdier, ed. Juvigny, 1773, iv.
(Du Verdier, II.) p. 493.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 87.
Riccardo Bartoli, In Jo. Franciscum Picum
praeclari ingeniorum phanicis Nefotem ad excel-
lentissimum preetorem virosque illustrissimps
Mirandulano Lyceo prosfeclos Allocutio, Bononiae
MDCCXCIII. 8Q, pp. 54 [2].
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 163.
Fuchs, Kepertorium der Chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 38.
Tiraboschi, Storia delta Letteratura Italiana,
1810, VII. i. p. 397; ii. pp. 442-446.
Ginguene, Histoire Litteraire de Fltalie, 1819,
vii. p. 461.
io4 PICO—PLAtilS CAMPY
PICO (GIOVANNI FRANCESCO). Continued.
Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Lilerdr- Nouvelle Biographic Gdnlrale, 1866, xl. col. 47.
geschichte, II. ii. pp. 386-388, 699; III. ii. pp. 774, Kopp, Beitrcige zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869,
939, 972, 1019. i. pp. 13, 14.
Biographie Universcllc^ 1821, xxix. p. 125 ; no Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
date, xxviii. p. 381. Secretes, 1870, No. 877.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 259. Kopp, Die Alchcmie, 1886, i. p. 217; ii. 229.
Stockl, Geschichte der PhilosophiedesMittelalters,
1866, iii. p. 179.
PILGRAM.
See LEITUNGS-FADEN (Der) zu dem Chymischen und Alchymischen Labyrinth,
1691.
A pseudonym taken by the author of this tract.
PITSCHKI (GEORG).
Zenexton, vel Mercurius coagulatus, oder eigentliche Beschreibung, was fur
eine gloriosa & arcana Medicina, oder herrliche Wunder-Artzney das coagulirte
Qvecksilber sey, daraus die so genannten Flufs- Praeservativ- Pest- und Wunder-
Ringe oder Bleche gemacht werden, aus den Welt-beriihmtesten alten und
neuen Medicis zusammen gezogen und auf Begehren zum gemeinen Besten
ans Liecht gestellet, von Georgio Pitschki. Gedruckt im Jahr Christi 1678.
4°. Pp. M.
There are some remarks on ' Zenexton ' in Hermann Peters' A us Pharmazeutischer Vorzeit in Bild und
Wort, Berlin, 1886, pp. 160, 162.
PLAIN (A) and true description of the Treasure of Treasures, or the Golden
Medicine.
See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, 1680, p. 97.
PLANIS CAMPY (DAVID DE).
Bouquet compose des plus belles Fleurs Chimiques. Ou ajencement des
preparations, & experiences es plus rares secrets, & Medicamens Pharmaco
Chimiques; prins de Mineraux, Animaux, & Vegetaux. Le tout par vne
methode tres-facile, & non commune aux Chimiques ordinaires. Par David
de Planis Campy, dit L'Edelphe, Chirurgien du Roy. A Paris. Chez
Pierre Billaine, rue S. lacques, a la Bonne Foy. M. DC. XXIX. Avec
Priuilege du Roy.
12°. Pp. [2] 591-1005 [2, i blank]. Contains a Chemical Dictionary and Tables of
Characters at the end.
This is only the second half of the ' Bouquet ' and will be found in the Oeuvres, p. 518.
L'Hydre Morbifique exterminee par 1'Hercule Chimique. Ou les sept Maladies
tenues pour incurables iusques a present, rendues guerissables par 1'Art Chimique
Medical. Ou est traicte briefuement de leur definition, causes, differences,
signes, pronostic & Cure. Le tout selon 1'ancienne & moderne Medecine,
diuise en sept liures. Par David de Planis Campy, diet 1'Edelphe, Chirurgien
du Roy. Dedie' au Tres-Chrestien Roy de France & de Nauarre, Louys Le
luste, XIII. du nom. A Paris, Chez Herve du Mesnil, rue S. lacques, a la
Samaritaine. M.DC.XXVIII. Avec Priuilege du Roy.
8°. Pp. [46] 576. Portrait of the author on eij verso. Wants the engraved title.
Oeuvres, p. 142.
[Another Copy.]
8°. Pp. [46] 376. Wants the portrait, but has the engraved title.
PLANTS CAMPY— PLATNER
205
PLANTS CAMPY (DAVID DE). Continued.
L'ouuerture de 1'escolle de Philosophic Transmutatoire Metallique, ou, la plus
saine et veritable explication & consiliation de tous les Stiles desquels les
Philosophes anciens se sont seruis en traictant de 1'oeuure Physique, sont
amplement declarees. Par David de Planis Campy, Chirurgien du Roy.
A Paris, chez Charles Sevestre, rue des Amandiers, au Pelican pres le College
des Grassins. M.DC.XXXIII. Avec Privilege du Roy.
8°. Pp. [36] 185 [3]. Engraved title and portrait included in the pagination.
Woodcut on the verso of the last leaf.
Oeuvres, p. 663.
[Traicte" de la vraye, vnique, grande et vniverselle Medecine des Anciens, dite
des recens Or Potable.]
Pp. [18] 163 [i]. Wants the title-page. [1633.] 8°.
Oejtvres, p. 617.
De Planis Campy's name seems to have disap-
peared from the history of pharmacy and medicine,
yet he was councillor and surgeon in ordinary to
Louis XIV. He was born in 1589 and died about
1644, Besides the works above specified he wrote
several on medicine which are enumerated by
Haller, and are all printed in the Oeuvres de David
Ludovicus Jacob a Sancto Carolo, Catalogus . . .
Annis 1643 6* 1644 inclusiue excussorum, Paris,
1645, P- 69-
Ludovicus Jacob a Sancto Carolo, Bibliographia
Parisina, hoc est, Catalogus omnium l.ibrorum,
Parisiis, Anno 1645, inclusiul excusorum, Paris,
1646, p. 40 (' Les Oeuvres,' Paris, 1646).
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 37, No. Ivi.
James Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomicts Speci-
men, 1734, p. 257.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 647.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 393, 479 ; iii. p. 268.
Portal, Histoire de I 'Anatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 427.
de Planis Campy, Paris, 1646, fol. The licence is
dated 1644, and the book was printed after his
death.
Rotermund just mentions his name and quotes
some medical writings, Petite chimie medicinale,
Par., 1621, 4° ; and his Opera, 1646, but none of
the above.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 307.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1777, ii.
P- 495-
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 508,
568.
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu . . .
Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, vi. col.
350-
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 332 ;
1869, ii. p. 323.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1616.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 377.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 350.
PLATNER QOHANN ZACHARIAS).
See DIETZE (DAVID GOTTLOB), De Generatione Metallorum, 1717.
Plainer was born at Chemnitz, 16 August, 1694.
His father, one of the chief merchants of the town
and burgomaster, had designed that the son should
succeed him in what had become a hereditary
business. Before doing it, however, young Plainer
wished to have a good educalion and take his
courses in the humanilies and philosophy. His
parents consented, and, in consideration of his
delicate constitution and the progress he had
already made, allowed him lo pursue ihe study of
medicine. He began at Leipzig in 1712, remained
there till 1715 and removed lo Halle. During Ihis
winler he pursued melallurgy at Chemnitz, returned
lo Halle and gradualed 25 Sepl., 1716.
To perfect himself in his knowledge and experi-
ence he Iravelled, visiting the German Universities
and then passing on to Lyons, Switzerland and
Savoy. He returned to Paris for anatomy and
surgery, and devoted himself especially lo opera-
tions on the eye and became an adept in this branch
of surgery.
When he left Paris he journeyed to Holland, and
visiled Boerhaave and Albinus at Leyden and
reached Chemnitz in 1719.
The prospect of promotion took him to Leipzig
in 1720. He was made extraordinary professor of
anatomy and surgery, in 1721 ; in 1724 he was
advanced to ihe chair of physiology in succession
to Rivinus, in 1734 to be ordinary professor of
surgery and anatomy, and in 1737 to the chair of
pathology. In 1736 he was senior professor of
medicine, was appointed perpetual Dean of the
Medical Facully, and in 1747 Councillor of the court
of Saxony, and professor of therapeutics.
He died suddenly 19 Dec., 1747 (1748), in con-
sequence of a violent attack of asthma.
His works all relate to medicine, surgery and
anatomy, and lists of his numerous programmes
and disputations are given by Rotermund, Billings,
the Biographie mtdicale, and other authorilies.
His unique and praclically complele library
of medicine and especially of surgery was unfortun*
alely dispersed after his death.
His portraits are mentioned by Moehsen.
206
PLA TNER-PLA TT
PLATNER (JOHANN ZACHARIAS). Continued.
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 437.
Biographic Universelle, 1823, xxxv. p. 31 ; no
date, xxxiii. p. 491.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v.
PP- 7S2- 798> 8l7, 839.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mide-
cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 724.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic M^dicale, 1855, ii.
P- 255-
Poggendorff, Biographisch-Uterarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 468.
Nouvelle Biographic GtSnlrale, 1866, xl. col. 420.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 680.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p.
587.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1888, xxvi. p.
262 (article by Hirsch).
Dictionnaire Encyclopfdiqiie des Sciences Afe'di-
cales, 2eme SeYie, 1888, xxvi. p. i.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 356.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce inetallicce,
1732, p. 112.
Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751,
iii. col. 1624; R.otermund.'sf'or/setzungund'JErffdnz-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 367 (list of 32 dissertations,
programmata, etc.).
Eloy, Dictionnaire historiqite de la Me'decine,
1755, ii. p. 289 j 1778, iii. p. 585.
Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic et de la Chirur-
%ie, 1770, v. p. 23.
Moehsen, Verzeichnis einer Samlung von Bild-
nissen, 1771, Th. ii. p. 106.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 65.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 101.
J. F. Blumenbach, Introductio in Historiam
Medicince Litterarium, 1786, p. 366 ('Vir elegan-
tissime doctus').
Job. Aug. Ernesti, Denkmaler und Lobschriften
auf verdienstvolle Manner, Leipzig, 1792, pp. 162-
180.
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literar-
geschichtt der Medicin, 1792, p. 389, § 302.
Der Biograph, Halle, 1807, vi. pp. 59-76 (a good
biographical sketch).
PLATO.
Libri Quartorum, seu Stellici, cum commento Hebuhabeo Hamed, explicata ab
Hestole.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, v. p. ioi. See also p. 801.
See ANNULUS Platonis.
See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON).
Maier assures us that ' Plato chymicus ' is neither
Latin nor Greek, but Arabian, and he quotes
various dicta by him, and references to him, as in
the Rosarius major, and by Calid and others.
A person of this name was known to Stephanus
Alexandrinus (Pizimenti, Democrilus, 1573, f. 59
recto).
The name of Plato, as Kopp correctly observes,
occurs in the book by Albertus Magnus De Mincr-
alibus et rebus metallicis (Lib. i. c. 4 ; Lib. ii. c.
2 ; ed. 1541 with Lullius De secretis nature?, f. 66
Michael Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p.
218.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 56.
PLATT (HUGH).
Remedies against Famine.
See COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, p.
Sir Hugh Platt was born in 1552, matriculated at
St. John's College, Cambridge, 12 Nov., 1568, and
took the degree of B.A. in 1571-2, after which he
became a member of Lincoln's Inn and published
a volume of apophthegms and poetry.
He did not pursue literature, however, but
turned to natural science and practical invention
and agriculture, making many experiments and
becoming famous, as Harte points out, for the
number of fertilizing agents which he introduced.
The agricultural and horticultural experiments
were carried on at Bishop's Hall, Bethnal Green,
and at St. Martin's Lane.
In 1594 he published an account of his inventions
in 'The Jewell House of Art and Nature, ' and in
other tracts, and his receipts in domestic economy
were collected in his little volume : ' Delights for
Ladies," first published by Peter Short in 1602, 12°.
recto, f. 87 verso), but it seems to me that it is the
philosopher to whom reference is made and not to
an alchemist of the same name.
Schmieder is of opinion that the present writer
cannot possibly be confused with the Greek ; but
at the same time he does not doubt that Plato is the
author's own name, and not a pseudonym.
Kopp, on the other hand, seems disposed to
think that it was the philosopher himself that was
enrolled among the alchemists and that writings on
alchemy were ascribed to him.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 120.
Kopp, Beytrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869,
Stuck ii. p. 358.
153-
Of this book there were numerous editions, to which
I have referred elsewhere.
He received the honour of knighthood from King
James I. at Greenwich on May 22, 1605.
In 1608 appeared his work on gardening en-
titled ' Floraes Paradise,' dated from Bethnal
Green, and in it he describes wine made from
grapes grown there. This book appeared after-
wards under the title : ' The Garden of Eden, ' and
passed through several editions.
Rotermund quotes two dated 1671, 1675, respec-
tively. It was reviewed in the Philosophical Trans-
actions, and Horace Walpole alludes to its obscurity,
for the author, he says, had ' concealed his principal
secret in a figurative description ... so that you
might as soon understand a book of alchemy as
Sir Hugh's treatise, at least his secret.'
PL A TT—PLA TTES
207
PLATT (HUGH). Continued.
In the British Museum are preserved various
manuscripts by Platt on chemical, alchemical, and
medical subjects, a list of which is given by Cooper.
In 161 1 was published his ' Closet for Ladies and
Gentlemen on the art of Preseruing, Conseruing
and Candying,' which was a reissue of the first part
of the ' Delights for Ladies. '
Cooper reports the statement that he died in
1605, and was buried at Hornsey, but he seems to
have been alive and writing after that year, and his
death may have occurred subsequent to 1611.
The exact date, however, is not known.
Harte gives the following account of him : —
' Sir Hugh Platt (not to mention his other ex-
cellent talents) was the most ingenious husbandman
of the age he lived in : Yet so great was his modesty
that all his works seem to be posthumous, except
the Paradise of .Flora, which appeared in 1600,
when it is probable he was living. He spent part
of his time at Copt-Hall, in Essex, or at Bishop' s-
Hall, in Middlesex, at each of which places he had
a country-seat ; but his town residence was Lin-
coln's-Inn. — His Jewel-House was published by Dr.
Beati, commonly called, in England, Dr. Boat
(who, by the way, was as great a genius in hus-
bandry, as most we have mentioned) and the
Flora's Paradise (with a second original part) was
published tycmitBellingham, the author's kinsman,
who changed the title to the Garden of Eden.
' Sir Hugh held a correspondence with all lovers
of agriculture and gardening throughout England.
And such was the justice and modesty of his
temper, that he always named the author of every
discovery communicated to him.
1 In a word, no one man in any age ever dis-
covered, or, at least, brought into use, so many
Philosophical Transactions, 1675, No. 113, p.
302.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 741.
Tanner, Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, 1748,
p. 600.
Rev. Walter Harte, Essays on Husbandry, Lon-
don, 1770, and edition, Essay ii. p. 113.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 458;
1772, ii. p. 681.
Rotermund, Fort set sung und Ergansungen zu . . .
Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, vi.
col. 375.
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors) ii.
761 n.
new sorts of manure. Witness his account of the
COMPOST and COVERED DUNGHIL, and his obser-
vations on the fertilizing qualities lodged in SALT ;
—STREET DIRT AND SULLAGE OF STREETS in
great cities ;— CLAY ;— FULLERS EARTH ;— MOOR-
ISH EARTH ; — DUNGHILS MADE IN LAYERS ; —
FERN ; — HAIR ; — CALCINATION OF ALL VEGE-
TABLES ; Malt-dust ; — Willow-tree earth, Soap-
boilers ashes ; and broken-pilchards and MARLE.'
He was the author of several works : — ' The
Jewell House of Art and Nature,' London, Peter
Short, 1594, 4°. It is in three separate parts which
have separate titles and pagination : ' Diverse new
and conceited experiments,' pp. [16] 96, with a
large folding sheet containing all the diagrams of
the different pieces of apparatus printed in the
text ; ' Diuerse new sorts of Soyle,' pp. 60 ; ' Diuers
Chimicall Conclusions concerning the Art of Distil-
lation,' pp. 76. The title-pages have elaborate
ornamental borders, and on the -verso of the first-
title-page are the arms of Robert Deuorax, Earl of
Essex, to whom Hugh Platte or Plat (for he uses
both forms) dedicates the book. It was reprinted,
London, 1653, 4°, pp. [8] 232.
' A discoverie of certain English wants,' London,
I59S. 4°-
' The setting of Corne ' [1600], 4°.
' A new, cheape and delicate Fire of Cole-balles, '
London, 1603, 4°, ff. [15]. This very rare pam-
phlet gives an extended account of an invention ot
his mentioned in the third part of the 'Jewell
House.'
The present tract was published separately :
' Sundrie new and Artificiall remedies against
Famine, Written by H. P. Esq., upon thoccasion
of this present Dearth, London,' 1596, 4°.
John Donaldson, Agricultural Biography, 1854,
p. ii, No. ix. (after Harte).
Horace Walpole, Letters, 1861, vi. p. 373.
Cooper, Athena Cantabrigienses, 1861, ii. pp.
436-438 (and references).
Allibone, A critical Dictionary of English
Literature, 1878, ii. p. 1606.
Ferguson, ' Notes on Histories of Inventions and
Books of Secrets," Transactions of the Archaolo-
gical Society of Glasgow, 1883, ii. p. 194 ; p. 259 ;
1890, N.S. i. p. 459.
Hon. Alicia Amherst, A History of Gardening
in England, 1895, pp. 142, 152, 171, 329.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlv. p.
407 (and references ; article by S. Lee).
PLATTES (GABRIEL).
An Invaluable Discovery ol all Sorts of Mines from Gold to Coal.
See COLLECTION (A) of scarce and valuable Treatises upon Metals,
pp. 194-241.
This work was originally published with the
title : A Discovery of Subterraneal Treasure,
London, 1639, 4°, pp. [10] 60 ; 1679, 4°> PP- [3» *
blank] 24 ; and an edition of 1684 is mentioned
by Watt.
Harte (i. p. 35) calls him an original genius in
husbandry, who began his observations in the
latter end of Queen Elizabeth's reign, and came
down to three or four years of the Commonwealth.
He further says of him :
1 As great a genius as this writer was, the public
allowed him to drop down dead in London streets
with hunger only ; nor had he a shirt upon his
back when he died. He bequeathed his papers to
i". Hartlib : whom a cotemporary author addresses
in this manner: "None (but yourself, who want
1740,
not an enlarged heart, but a fuller hand to supply
the world's defects) being found, with some few
others, to administer any relief to a man of so great
merit." Letter to Hartlib/rww Flanders, 1650.
1 Another friend of Hartlib 's gives Plattes the
following character : "Certainly that man had as
excellent a genius in agriculture as any that ever
lived in this nation before him, and was the most
faithful seeker of his ungrateful country's good.
I never think of the great judgment, pure zeal, and
faithful intentions of that man, and withal of his
strange sufferings and manner of death, but am
struck with amazement that such a man should l>e
suffered to fall down dead in the streets for want of
food, whose studies tended to no less than pro-
viding and preserving food for whole nations, and
208
PLA TTES—PLENCK
PLATTES (GABRIEL). Continued.
that too as with much skill and industry, so without
pride or arrogance towards God or man."
' C. D. in a tetter to Hartlib, 1653. Legacy, pp.
183, 184.
' Hartlib, as far as can be learnt, published but
few posthumous papers of Gabriel Plattes ; and
indeed an author, so extremely poor as this unfor-
tunate person was, would in all probability have
sold his writings to the booksellers, had they been
so far finished as to deserve publication.
' The pieces already published are these which
follow : Practical Husbandry improved, or, A Dis-
covery of infinite Treasure, 4 , containing 120
pages, 1656.
A Discovery of subterranean Treasure, 410,
1638. About three sheets.
Mercurius Lcetificans, 410, 1644. Twelve pages.
Observations and Improvements in Husbandry,
accompanied with twenty Experiments, imparted to
S. Hartlib by Gab. Plattes. 32 pages, 410, 1653.
' This author had a bold adventurous cast of
mind, and seems to have preferred the faulty
sublime, in matters of invention, to the faultless
mediocrity. As to his MS. intitled Art's Mistress,
containing a series of observations and experiments
in agriculture for fifty years, and in all probability
the most valuable in matter, as well as most con-
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 22.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^,
1732, p. 112.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 268.
Rev. Walter Harte, Essays on Husbandry, Lon-
don, 1770, and Edition, Essay i. p. 35 ; Essay ii.
pp. 63-64.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botamca, 1771, i. p. 456.
siderable in size, of all his writings, we have spoken
thereof in the ist essay.
' In a letter to Hartlib, May 14, 1644, he men-
tions a work of his called, The Treasure-house oj
Nature unlocked, and set wide open to the World,
&c. Whether this performance was ever printed is
more than I know, or whether it be not the tract
first mentioned in this list, which I am partly in-
clined to believe.'
The fact that he died of starvation is mentioned
by Haller.
The list of his works given by Donaldson does
not quite tally with that by Harte, and I cannot
help thinking that one book appears under more
than one title. They are the following : —
A Treatise of Husbandry, London, 1638.
A Discoverie of infinite treasure, hidden from the
world's beginning in the way of husbandry, Lon-
don, 1636, 1639, 4°.
A Discovery of Subterranean treasure, London,
1639, 4°-
Observations and Improvements in husbandry,
with twenty experiments, London, 1639, 4°.
The profitable intelligencer, London, 1644, 4°.
Recreatio Agriculturae, London, 1646, 4°.
Of this last there is said to be an edition of 1640.
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors) ii.
761 /.
Donaldson, Agricultural Biography, 1854, p. 20,
No. xxvi.
Allibone, A critical Dictionary of English
Literature, 1878, ii. p. 1607.
Ferguson, ' Notes on Histories of Inventions and
Books of Secrets,' Transactions of the Archcco-
logical Society of Glasgow, 1883, ii. p. 194; p. 251 ;
1890, N. S. i., p. 226.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlv. p.
410 (and references).
PLEIADES Philosophies Rosianae, oder Philosophisches Sieben-Gestirn der
Rosen Creutzer.
See PHILOSOPHISCHES LIGHT und Schatten, 1738, No. ii.
For alchemical works referring to the Pleiades and other stars, see Kopp.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 340.
p. 666.
PLENCK (JOSEPH JAKOB VON).
Farmacia Chirurgica del celeb. Professore Gioseffo Jacopo Plenck, ovvero Dottrina
de' Medicamenti Preparati e Composti che si sogliono adoperare nella Cura de'
Morbi Esterni. Seconda Edizione. In Venezia, Appresso Francesco di
Niccolb Pezzana. MDCCLXXXVI. Con Approvazione, e Privilegio.
12°. Pp. [12] 100 [2].
Plenck, or von Plenck, or Plenk, was born at enumerated by Rotermund, and he wrote also
Vienna, 28 Nov., 1732 (1738). He was a disciple
of Cranz, and in 1770 he was professor of anatomy
surgery, and obstetrics at Ofen, in Hungary.
After holding the chair of anatomy, surgery,
and obstetrics at Basel for some time, he
was appointed in 1783 to the professorship of
chemistry and botany in the military medico-
chirurgical academy at Vienna. He was also made
director of the field dispensary, and was appointed
Elementa Chymicz, Vienna, 1800, 8°.
The present work appeared first in Latin :
Pharmacia chirurgica, sive doctrina de medica-
mentis proeparatis ac compositis, quag ad curandos
morbos externos adhiberi solent, Vienna, 1775, 8° ;
afterwards 1777, 8° ; 1781, 8° ; 1786, 8° ; 1791, 8°.
Fuchs quotes : Materia chirurgica, Vienna, 1771,
which is, presumably, the same book.
Plenck died at Vienna, 24 Aug., 1807; Fuchs,
staff-surgeon. In 1798 he was raised to the rank of however, says, July 1785, referring to the Go't-
a Hungarian noble, and received the secretaryship tingische Anzeigen. This, however, seems to be
of the Joseph Academy.
He was the author of numerous works on surgery,
a mistake, for the only mention of Plenck in July,
1785, is in a review of his ' Toxicologia seu Doct-
obstetrics, medicine, toxicology, forensic medicine, rina de Venenis et Antidotis,' Wien, bey Grafer,
botany, pharmacology, of which forty-three are 1785, 8°, pp. 338.
PLENCK— PLUSIUS 209
PLENCK (JOSEPH JAKOB VON). Continued.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 610. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde-
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 528 cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 730.
('chirurgus et obstetrix'). Biographic Universelle, 1845, Supp. Ixxvii. p.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 652. 326 ; no date, xxxiii. p, 514.
Ignaz de Luca, Das Gelehrte Oesterreich, 1778, Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, ii.
I. ii. p. 24. p. 630.
Ekkard, Litcrarisches Handbuch, p. 29. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
Gottingische Anzeigen von Gelehrten Sachen, 1855, pp. 281, 641, 870.
1786, i. p. 508. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon wdrterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 472.
der jttzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1798, Nouvelle Bio^raphie Generate, 1866, xl. col. 465.
vi. p. 121 ; 1803, x. p. 418 ; 1805, xi. p. 615 ; Wurzbach, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiser-
1811, xv. p. 52. thums Oesterreich, 1870, xxii. pp. 423-426 (and the
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, references).
1806-08, p. 385. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 690,
Der Biograph, Halle, 1808, vii. p. 501. 691, 723, 734.
Rotermund, Fortsetzung and Ergdnzungen zu Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der heryorragen-
. . . Jochers allgetneinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 590.
vi. col. 391. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1888, xxvi. p.
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 272 (article by E. Wunschmann).
25), vi. p. 444. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi-
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v. cales, 2eme Serie, 1888, xxvi. p. 7.
PP- 5871 756, 770, 839, 859, 864. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 362.
PLUSIUS (EDVARDUS).
Speculum Modernae Alchimiae. Autore Eduardo Plusio Belga.
Geber lib. I. summse perfectionis capite 7.
Miserrimus & infcelix est is, cui Deus post operis sui atq; laboris finem
veritatem conspicere denegat.
Lignicii typis Nicolai Sartorii. 1607.
8°. Sigs. A to D in eights, £4. =pp. [68, 4 blank]. Woodcut border round the
title. Numerous MS. notes in the handwriting of Grofschedl, whose name is on the
title-page.
This first edition is not mentioned by any of the I have seen is in the preface to the German trans-
usual authorities, and the only reference to it which lation.
Eduard Plusii Spiegel der heutigen Alchimie, das ist, wohlgegriindeter Bericht,
was von der so beruffenen Goldmacher Kunst zu halten, und wie man sich
darinnen behutsam zu erzeigen habe ; Allen aufrichtigen Liebhabern derselben
zu Dienste aus dem Lateinischen wegen seiner Nutzbarkeit ins Deutsche
iibersetzt. Budifsin und Gorlitz, bey David Rich tern, Buchh. 1725.
8°. Pp. 80.
According to the translator, Eduard Plusius is a have been made, if a book of 1607 could serve to
feigned name, but he does not tell us what was the keep off readers from the same cheats, errors and
real one or anything about the author. dangers in 1725 and 1756.
The book is meant to warn students of alchemy Only this 1725 edition is mentioned by Gmelin,
from the pitfalls wherewith they are surrounded. Schmieder and Kopp. Plusius' book is not in the
One must conclude that very little advance can Ouvaroff collection, or in Lenglet Dufresnoy's list.
Der heutige Alchimist, oder der beruffene Gold-Kocher, wie solche Wissenschaft
beschaffen seyn musse, nebst wohlgegriindeten Berichte, was davon zu halten,
und wie man sich dabey behutsam zu erzeigen habe. Budissin, bey David
Richtern. 1756.
8°. Pp. 80. At the end, p. 77 : Alte Verse, worinne die Bereitung des Philo-
sophischen Steines Ratzel-weifs beschrieben.
II. O
210
PL USIUS—POLEMANN
PLUSIUS (EDVARDUS). Continued.
This tract, issued without the author's name,
consists of the remainder copies of Plusius' Spiegel
der heutigen Alchimie, 1725. The only difference
is that in this reissue the title-page has been recast,
and the " Avertissement an den geneigten Leser"
by the translator and the "Vorbericht des
Authoris " have been omitted ; so, in order not to
disturb the pagination, the first sheet has been re-
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 316.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 542.
printed and sufficiently widely spaced to make what
went into 10 pages in the 1725 edition fill 14 in this
reissue. Moreover, in the reissue, the running
title to p. 16 is 'Der heutige Alchimist,' but from
p. 17 to the end it is, of course, ' Spiegel der heu-
tigen Alchimie.' In all other respects the books
are identical.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 354.
PORNER (CARL WILHELM).
D. Carl Wilhelm Porner, Churfurstl. Sachsischen Bergraths chymische Versuche
und Bemerkungen zum Nutzen der Farbekunst. Erster Theil. Leipzig,
bey M. G. Weidmanns Erben und Reich. 1772.
8°. Pp. [10] 524 [10].
D. Carl Wilhelm Porner, Churfurstl. Sachfsl. Bergraths chymische Versuche und
Bemerkungen zum Nutzen der Farbekunst. Zweyter Theil. Leipzig, bey M. G.
Weidmanns Erben and Reich. 1772.
8°. Pp. [2] 604 [8, 2 blank].
A third part was published at Leipzig, in 1773.
Pb'rner's father was a practising lawyer in Leipzig lain works at Meissen. He died there 13 April,
and he himself was born there 16 Jan. , 1732. He 1796.
was educated at the Nicholas School and the Uni-
versity, graduated M. D. in 1754, and gave lectures
on chemistry. He was appointed electoral Saxon
mining councillor and commissarius in the porce-
Haller, BMiotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 707.
Weigel, Grundriss der reinen und angewandten
Chemie, 1777, passim,
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 46.
Allgemeiner Literarischer Anzeiger, 1796, p. 210.
Leipz. gel. Tagebuch, 1796, p. in.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 387 ;
1799, iii. p. 31.
Meusel, Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 ver-
storbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1810, x. p. 482.
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu
He was devoted to chemistry and published
books and papers on the subject. Lists of these
are given by Weigel, by Gmelin, and by Meusel.
The present is an important experimental work
on dyeing and printing cotton.
. . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819,
vi. col. 465.
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 456.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. pp. 62,
91, 316, 390.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, pp. 640, 694.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 479.
Nouvelle Biographic Ginirale, 1866, xl. p. 548.
POLEMANN (JOACHIMUS).
Psal. 36. In deinem Lichte sehen wir das Licht Novum Lumen Medicum in
welchem die vortreffliche und hochnothige Lehre des hochbegabten Philosophi
Helmontii, von dem hohen Geheimnis des Sulphuris Philosophorum. Aus
getreuen wolmeynenden Gemiithe gegen die Unwissenden und Irrenden, wie
auch aus mitleidendem Hertzen gegen die Krancken, griindlich erklaret wird,
von Joachimo Polemann. Amsterdam, Auf Kosten Wilhelm Welmsonii
und Leipzig, bey Joh. Herbord Klofsen zu finden, Im Jahr 1699.
12°. Pp. [6] 245 [i blank].
Novum lumen Medicum de Mysterio Sulphuris Philosophorum.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, VI. p. 600.
Other editions of the book are mentioned :
Francof., 1647, 8°; Amsterd., 1659, 12°; 1660, 12°;
Frankfurt, 1747, 12°. The English translation:
Novum Lumen Medicum ; wherein . the excellent
and most necessary Doctrine of the highly-gifted
Philosopher Helmont concerning the Great Mystery
of the Pholosopher's (sic) Sulphur is fundamentally
cleared. . . . London, Printed by J. C. for J.
Crook at the sign of the Ship in St. Pauls Church-
yard, 1662, small 8°, pp. [8] 206 [2 blank].
After the word 'cleared' the British Museum
Catalogue inserts: "Written by the author in
German, and Englished by F. H., a German."
As these words do not occur in my copy, it may
be inferred that if the work did not actually go
through two distinct editions, it appeared with two
title-pages, if not more,
POLEMANN—POLISIUS
211
POLEMANN (JOACHIMUS). Continued.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromns Bibliotheca metallicee,
1732, p. 112.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 59.
Jocher, Allgemeincs Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1656 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 505.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 115.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii.
P- 79-
Beytrag zur Gcschichle der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 618.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 625.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 379.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1607-08.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 388.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 478.
POLI (MARTINO).
II Trionfo degli Acidi vendicati dalle calunnie di molti Modern!; Opera Filoso-
fica, e Medica fondata sopra de' Principij Chimici, & adornata di varij
esperimenti; contro il Sistema, e Prattica delli Modern! Democritici, &
Epicure! Riformati, divisa in Quattro Libri ; di Martino Poli Spargirico (sic)
in Roma, aggregate alia Reale Accademia delle Scienze in Parigi; Dedicata
alia Sacra Reale Maesta di Lodovico XIV. II Grande Re Cristianissimo.
In Roma, MDCCVI. Nella Stamperia di Giorgio Placho Intagliatore, e
Gettatore di Caratteri alia Piazza della Chiesa di S. Marco. Con Licenza de'
Superior!.
4°. Pp. [24] 463 [i].
Poli was born at Lucca, 21 January, 1662, and at
an early age developed a taste for chemistry which
was fostered by his uncle. At the age of sixteen he
left Lucca and went to Rome to his uncle, who
had promised to help him.
In 1691 he got leave to establish a laboratory as
extra chemist, and in 1700 he received from the
pontifical government letters patent, conferring on
him the title of apothecary. Having made a dis-
covery of great importance for war, which would have
given the French an immense advantage, he went
to France in 1702 to lay it before the king, Louis
XIV. He, however, while commending the in-
ventor, declined the invention and urged its sup-
pression on account of its destructive character.
Poli, however, received a pension and the title of
engineer to the king, and extra foreign associate of
Histoire de I'Acadhnie Royale des Sciences,
Annie 1714, Paris, 1717, p. 129 (by Fontenelle).
L'Europe Savante, La Haye, Janvier, 1718, i.
pp. 63-66 (from Fontenelle).
Ada Eruditorum, 1719, num. 8, p. 350.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 1481.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1659 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 516.
Fontenelle, Oeuvres, 1764, v. pp. 215-220.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medccine,
1778, iii. p. 596.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practicee, 1788, iv.
P- 43i •
the Academy of Sciences. In 1704 he returned to
Italy, where he had soon engagements with Pope
Clement XI. and the Duke of Massa. On his
return to France in 1713 he was well received by
the king who increased his pension and urged him
to bring his family to Paris. He did so, and after
a long and disagreeable passage by sea, they reached
Paris on the 28 July to find him so ill with fever that
he recognized them with difficulty. He died the
following day, 29 July, 1713 (1714).
The only book he wrote is the present one, but
he communicated papers on bismuth, saltpetre, on
the ' fermentation ' of acid salts with acid salts and
of alcalis with alcalis, on the effect of concentrated
spirit of sulphur with water, to the Academy at
Paris, published in 1713, 1714.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 413,
515 (distilled a stupifying volatile oil from laurel
leaves ; prepared butter of bismuth from which by
repeated extraction he got a powder glistering like
pearls, and showed how to concentrate sulphuric
acid).
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 467.
Biographic Univcrselle, 1845, bcxvii. (Supp.), p.
371 ; no date, xxxiii. p. 615.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 377.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
wortcrbuch, 1863, ii. col. 493.
Nouvelle Biographic Gtnerale, 1866, xl. p. 603.
POLISIUS (GOTHOFREDUS SAMUEL).
De Metallis imperfectis duris duobus, Ferro et Cupro.
See ROLFINCK (GUERNER), 1679.
Was this person any connection of Melchior
Polisius mentioned by Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr-
ten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. col. 1661, who lived between
1600 and 1671, was M.D. and professor of medicine
at Frankfurt on the Oder, and wrote some medical
disputations ?
212
POL VCARPUS—PONTANUS
POLYCARPUS CHRYSOSTOMUS.
See DREBBEL (CORNELIUS), Tractat . . . von Natur . . . der Elementen, 1723.
POLYDORUS (CHRYSOGONUS).
See ALCHEMIA, 1541.
Chrysogonus Polydorus was the editor of this an address to the reader. I have found no indica-
collection of alchemical tracts, and prefaced it with tion of the author's real name.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 188 ('est
nomen fictum ').
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 297.
PONCELET (POLYCARPE ?).
See CHIMICA (La) del Gusto, 1792.
To the references given under that heading may
be added Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzun-
gen zu . . . Jochtrs allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico,
1819, vi. col. 589, who, however, has nothing new
to say.
PONTANUS (JOANNES).
Beschreibung des Secreten Philosophischen Feuers.
See ERBINAUS VON BRANDAU (MATTHAUS), xii. Grund-Saulen der Natur und
Kunst, 1689, p. 27.
Epistola, in qua de lapide quem Philosophorum vocant, agitur.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum ; Epilogus, 1624, p. 149.
See also ORTHELIUS.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, iii. 1659, p. 734 ; vi. 1661, p. 487.
Ein Sendbrief, darinn vom Stein der Weisen gehandelt wird.
See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, 1675, p. 219.
His name was Johann Bruckner, according to
Schmieder, and he was a doctor of philosophy and
of medicine, and professor of philosophy at Konigs-
berg during 1544 and 1545. In 1552 he passed to
the chair of medicine and physics, but after a year
removed to Jena. He was assessor of the medical
faculty and was appointed physician of the Prince
of Gotha, and next of the Duke of Weimar, whom
he accompanied to Vienna. On this journey
Pontanus died at Vienna, 9 July, 1572, not without
suspicion of having been poisoned.
Besides the ' Epistola ' he wrote : ' Methodus
componendi theriacam et praeparandi ambram
factitiam,' in Johann Wittichius' Consilia Observa-
tiones et Epistola Medicce . . . Collecta, Lips.
1604, 4° ; and ' De prodigiosis episcopi Spirensis
Maier, Symbola AurecE Mens&, 1617, p. 264.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 299.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 189.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 662.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 1265.
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide- Kunst, 1702, p. n/.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 528.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 1459.
jejuniis,' in Lentulus' Historia admiranda de pro-
digiosa Apollonice Schreicrce . . . inedia, Bernse,
1604, 4°.
The Latin text of Pontanus' ' Epistola,' with a
German version different from both the above,
appeared in Johann Peter Gerhard's Gedanken vom
Feuer, Halle, 1750, pp. 198-207.
There is also an English translation by Eirenseus
Orandus, which was printed along with Nicholas
Flamel ' His Exposition of the Hieroglyphicall
Figures' and 'The secret Booke of Artephius,'
London, 1624, 12°, pp. 237-[247].
He himself printed nothing, and if what he had
written had not been published by others, his name
would have been unknown.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermitique, 1742, iii. pp. 53, 58, 268.
Jocher, Allgemdnes Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1688.
Fictuld, Probier-Kunst, 1753, Th. i. p. 126.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. pp. 302,
401 ; 1772, ii. p. 671 (Haller had a manuscript
of Pontanus' travels in Russia, Prussia, and Poland. )
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice?, 1777, ''•
P- 87.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iii. p. 605.
PONTANUS— POPPIUS 213
PONTANUS (JOANNES). Continued.
Moehsen, Beitrdge zur Geschichte • der Wissen- Johannes GUnther, Lefrenskiszen der Professoren
schaften in der Mark Brandenburg, 1783, p. 37. der Universitdtjenaseit 1558 bis 1858, 1858, p. 116.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 502, Poggendorff, Biographize h-literarisches Hand-
520. worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 499.
Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarojft Sciences
25), vi. p. 473. Secretes, 1870, No. 1004-06.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 224.
35°.
POPPIUS (HAMERUS).
Basilica Antimonii.
See HARTMANN (jOHANN), Praxis Chymiatrica, 1647, p. 595.
The above tract was published, with the title, the increase of weight when a mass of antimony is
Basilica Antimonii, sive expositio naturas And- calcined by a burning mirror. I have not met with
monii, Francofurti, 1618, 4°, and in it he describes any notice of the author.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 189. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. ,"519,
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 387. 568.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Rotennund, Fortsetzung ttnd Ergdnzungen zu
1731, II. i. p. 537. . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819,
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce, vi. col. 646.
1732, p. 112. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1845, iii. p. 120.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoirc de la Philosophic Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apolheker,
Hennctiquc, 1742, iii. p. 269. 1855, pp. 501, 572.
POPPIUS (JOHANN).
Chymische Medicin von dem Nutz vnd gebrauch der distillierten Oelen,
Extracten, Quintis essentiis, Aquis vitse, Balsamis, Floribus, Saltzen vnd
Wassern, aufs den Mineralibus, Animalibus vnd Vegetabilibus, zu allerley
jnnerlichen vnd eusserlichen Artzneyen, recht vnd niitzlichen zu gebrauchen :
Sampt der Preparation vnnd Chymischen zubereittung, auch anderer vor-
nehmen Sachen, alien Liebhabern dieser Edlen Kunst, zu trewhertzigem
gefallen, beschrieben durch lohannem Poppen, dieser zeit Fiirstlichen Sach-
sischen Destillatorem zu Coburg. Mit Churf. Sachs. Freyheit nicht nach zu
trucken. Gedruckt zu Franckfurt, Bey Egenolph Emmeln, In verlegung
Simonis Schambergers. Im Jahr, 1617.
8°. Pp. [14, 2 blank] 523 [5].
Chymische Medicin, von dem Nutz vnd Gebrauch der distillierten Oelen,
Extracten, Quintis Essentiis, Aquis vitae, Balsamis, Floribus, Saltzen vnd
Wassern aufs den Mineralibus, Animalibus vnd Vegetabilibus, zu allerley
jnnerlichen vnd aufserlichen Artzneyen, recht vnd niitzlichen zu gebrauchen :
Sampt der Preparation vnd Chymischen zubereitung, auch anderer vornehmen
Sachen, alien Liebhabern dieser Edlen Kunst, zu trewhertzigem gefallen,
beschrieben, Durch lohannem Poppen, dieser zeit Fiirstlichen Sachsischen
Destillatorem zu Coburg. Franckfurt am Mayn, in verlegung Daniel vnd
David Aubrij, vnd Clemens Schleichen. Im Jahr, M.DC.XXV.
8°. Pp. [14, 2 blank] 523 [5].
Identical with the previous edition, except the first leaf which has been reprinted.
Hodogeticus Chymicus, oder Wegweiser zu der Chymischen Medicin, in
welchem gehandelt wird, wie ein Medicus auff Hermetische art geschaffen seyn,
214 POPPIUS—PORDAGE
POP PIUS (JOHANN). Continued.
worauff er sehen, was er gebrauchen, vnd was er meiden miisse. Zu con-
tinuirung seiner vorigen zweyen Tractatuum an statt des dritten Theils, aus
eigener mit grosser Miihe erfahrungen zusammen getragen, vnd Bono Publico
zum besten an Tag gegeben Durch Johannem Poppium, Fiirstlichen Sach-
sischen vnd Brandenburgischen Chymicum zu Coburg. Zu End ist beygesetzt
ein niitzlicher Vnterricht, wie ein Medicus den Lauff des Himmels, vnd den
Influxum Stellarum fruchtbarlich in acht zu nemen habe. Cum Privilegio.
Leipzig, In verlegung Zacharise Schiirers vnd Matthias Gotzens. Gedruckt bey
Friederich Lanckisch. 1627.
8°. Pp. [16] 1-271 [i blank, i] 273-404 [i] [2 blank]. From 273 to the end, the
even numbers are on the recto.
Thesaurus Medicinae, oder Chymischer Artzney Schatz, in welchem aufserlesene
vnd bewehrte, vnd theils bifsanhero nicht allerdings gnugsam bewuste Mittel,
theils zu Erhaltung, theils zu Wiederbringung menschlicher Gesundheit, so
viel des Haupts, der Brust, der Eingeweyde, vnd auch anderer gefahrlichen
eusserlichen Gebrechen anlangen thut, eroffnet vnd angezeiget werden, alles
aufs eigener erfahrner Heimligkeit, oder aufs andern bewehrten Autoribus,
furnemlich aufs Theophrasto, zusammen gelesen, von Johanne Poppen,
Fiirstl. Sachs, vnd Brandeburgischen bestalten Chymico zu Coburg. Cum
Privilegiis. Leipzig, In Vorlegung Zachariae Schiirers vnd Matthiae Gotzen.
Anno M.DC.XXIIX.
4°. Pp. [16] 812. Title red and black. Portrait.
Commentaria, ... in J. Poppii Chymische Medicin, 1638-39.
See AGRICOLA (JOHANN).
He himself writes his name Popp, Poppe, Poppius. Hodogeticus chymicus, and enumerates other eleven
Rotermund calls him a physician and chemist at works dealing with medicine. Haller calls him
the beginning of the seventeenth century. Of the 'Chymicus Coburgensis, uon plenae fidei homo.'
above he quotes the Thesaurus medicines and
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 189. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 106.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 521,
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 269. 568.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 436 Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Erganzungen zu
(' Krauterbuch,' Leipzig, 1625, by Johann Poppe. . . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819,
Is he the same person?). vi. col. 644.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 41 ; ii. p. 384.
p. 347. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 506.
PORDAGE (JOHN).
Ein griindlich philosophisch Sendschreiben vom rechten und wahren Steine der
Weifsheit : Worinnen der ganze Procefs des philosophischen Werks, oder wie
man das Werk der wahren Wiedergeburt recht anfangen, darinnen gliicklich
fortgehen, und es zum vollkommnen und seeligen Ende bringen soil, griindlich
angewiesen und ausgefiihrt wird. Geschrieben durch J. P. M. D. Zum
Unterrichte und Warnung an eine gute Seele, die nach der ersten Materie
dieses herrlichen Steins der gottlichen Tinctur zwar mit grossem Ernste gesucht
und gegraben, dieselbe auch wirklich gefunden und geschmeckt gehabt; aus
Ermanglung genugsamen Lichts aber Ihn vollkommlich zu besitzen, und zu
PORDA GE—POR TA
215
PORDAGE (JOHN). Continued.
volliger Ruhe gekommen zu seyn, ihr allzufriihzeitFg eingebildet gehabt.
Nunmehro alien in diesem Procefs begriffenen gleichfalls zur Warnung und
Unterrichte aus dem Englischen iibergesetzt und ans Licht gegeben. Neue
Auflage. Berlin 1779. Bey Christian Ulrich Ringmacher.
8°. Pp. 16.
This tract is couched in such symbolical and
allusive language that one is at a loss to know
whether to attach a spiritual, an alchemical, or a
physiological meaning to the author's words and
descriptions.
Philosophisches Send-Schreiben vom Stein der Weifsheit.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i.
P- 557-
His name takes on strange shapes, such as
Poordetsch, Pordaedsche, in other languages, for
phonetic effect. He was the son of a grocer in
London, and was born there in 1607. He preached
at Reading, and in 1647 was rector at Bradfield,
which living was in the gift of Ashmole. From
this he was ejected by the Commissioners on the
ground of intercourse with evil spirits, for blas-
phemy, ignorance, 'divilism,' and scandalous
behaviour. Against these charges he wrote a
defence: ' Innocency appearing,' but it produced
no effect. Pordage admitted his having been
attacked by evil spirits, though the accusation about
scandalous behaviour was shown to be unfounded.
Poiret, Bibliotheca Mysiicorum Selecta, 1708, p.
174- §49-
Sammlung von alien und neuen theologischen
Sachen, 1732, p. 912, with his portrait.
Jacob Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philosoph-
ischen Historic von Christi Geburt bifs auf unsere
Zeiten, Ulm, 1735, vi. pp. 1179-81.
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, ii.
p. 915 [Th. iv. num. 32, § 159].
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 1558.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1704 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
nngen, 1819, vi. col. 654.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 127.
Moehsen, Verzeichnis enter Samlung von Bild-
nissen, 1771, Th. ii. p. 108 (mysticus Celebris,
mysterii Sophioe defensor, arcanorum, uti putabat,
ccelestium plenus, qui incipit ubi Bohemius [i.e.
Bbhme] desinit).
But the charges were renewed, and new ones
added, and Pordage was relentlessly attacked by
Christian Fowler, who, Wood says, was latterly
out of his mind. These trials lasted from 1651 to
1655, and at the end he had to resign Bradfield.
He was subsequently reinstated, and lived there
for several years. In 1663 he became acquainted
with Mrs. Jane Lead, or Leade, and they studied
Bohme's works together, and were members of the
Philadelphia!! Society. He died in 1681. He
wrote a few books of mystical theology, but had
really nothing to do with alchemy. His 'Theologia
mystica' and 'Sophia' were translated into Ger-
man, and published at Amsterdam, 1698, 1699.
Tiedemann, Geist der Spekulativen Philosophic,
1796, v. pp. 528-538 (discusses his system).
Buhle, Geschichte der Neuern Philosophic, 1800,
ii. p. 445.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 213.
Wood, Athena Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1817, iii.
col. 1098 ; 1820, iv. col. 715.
J. Granger, A Biographical History of England,
5th edit., 1824, iii. p. 344.
Watt, Bibliotheca Brilannica, 1824 (authors), ii.
769?-
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. pp. 183,
239-
R. A. Vaughan, Hours with the Mystics, 1856, ii.
p. 115.
Allibone, A, Critical Dictionary of English Liter-
ature, 1878, ii. p. 1640.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlvi. p.
150 (by Rev. A. Gordon).
PORDONI (NARBONTE).
See MEURDRAC (MARIE), La Chimica Caritatevole e Facile, 1682.
Is this an anagram for Pontio Bernardon?
PORTA (GlAMBATTISTA DELLA).
loannis BaptisUe Portae Neapolitani, de Distillationibus, Libri IX. Quibus
certa methodo, multiplicique artificio, penitioribus naturae arcanis detectis,
cujus libet mixti in propria elementa resolutio perfecte docetur. Nunc primum
in Germania typis evulgati, ac Indice Capitum & Materiarum exornati. Cum
Gratia & Privilegio S. Csesarese Majestatis. Argentorati, Sumptibus Lazari
Zetzneri Bibliop. Anno M DC IX.
4°. Pp. [16] 149 [n]. Portrait on the reverse of the title. 35 woodcuts.
PORT A (GIAMBATTISTA BELLA). Continued.
The first edition was published at Rome, 1608, portrait as copied in the Strasburg edition, is not
4°, pp. [20] 154 [6]. It contains a fine portrait of only smaller but is inferior.
Porta and dedications to him in Hebrew, Greek, The Roman edition is much the finer book.
Chaldee, Persian, lllyrian, and Armenian 1 The
[Another Copy.]
lo. Baptistae Portae Neapolitan!, Magiae Naturalis Libri Viginti. Ab ipso quidem
authore ante biennium adaucti, nunc verb ab infinitis, quibus editio ilia scatebat
mendis, optime repurgati : in quibus scientiarum Naturalium diuitiae & deliciae
demonstrantur. Accessit Index, rem omnem dilucide repaesentans, copiosissi-
mus. Librorum ordinem, qui in hoc opere continentur, versa pagina indicabit.
Francofurti Apud Andreas Wecheli heredes, Claudium Marnium, & loann.
Aubrium. MDXCI.
8°. Pp. [36] 669 [3 blank]. Woodcuts in the text.
The English translation came out at London, 1658, fol., with an engraved frontispiece or fly-title, con-
taining the author's portrait.
Joh. Baptistae Portae Neapolitan! Magiae Naturalis Libri Viginti. Ab ipso
quidem authore adaucti, nunc vero ab infinitis, quibus editio ilia scatebat
mendis, optime repurgati : in quibus scientiarum Naturalium divitiae & delicise
demonstrantur. Accessit Index, rem omnem dilucide repraesentans, copiosissi-
mus. Librorum ordinem, qui in hoc opere continentur, post prsefationem
inveniet Lector. Lugd. Batavorum, Apud Hieronymum de Vogel.
C!D loc XLIV.
12°. Pp. [16, including the engraved title] 670. Index [23 ; 3 blank]. Woodcuts
in the text.
Phytognomonica lo. Baptistae Portae Neapol. Octo libris contenta; in quibus
nova, facillimaque affertur methodus, qua plantarum, animalium, metallorum;
rerum denique omnium ex prima extimae faciei inspectione quiuis abditas vires
assequatur. Accedunt ad haec confirmanda infinita propemodum selectiora
secreta, summo labore, temporis dispendio, & impensarum iactura vestigata,
explorataque. Nunc primum ab innumeris mendis, quibus passim Neapolitana
editio scatebat, vindicata ; cum Rerum & Verborum Indice locupletissimo.
1591. Francofurti Apud loannem Wechelum & Petrum Fischerum con-
sortes.
8°. Pp. [16] 552. Title red and black. Portrait on the verso of the title. 32
woodcuts in the text.
Giambattista Porta or della Porta (1545-1615) Porta's likeness, and there are numerous illustra-
acquired a great reputation through his book on tions in the text.
Natural Magic, though he wrote also on plants, The Natural Magic came out first in 4 books,
physiognomy, physics, mathematics, and other Naples, 1558, and several times afterwards. It was
topics, besides composing several plays. extended to 20 books, and published at Naples,
The work on physiognomy is as follows : De 1589. Numerous editions again followed.
Humana Physiognomonia Libri III. . . . Vici There are several portraits : this just mentioned,
^Equensis (Sorrento) Apud Josephum Cacchium those given by Imperialis, Freher, and Crasso ; and
M.D.LXXXVI., small folio, pp. [4] 272 (misnum- in the two editions of the De Distillationibus,
bered 265). The title-page is engraved and contains that in the Phytognomica, and in the frontispiece of
the English translation of the Magia Naturalis.
PORTA—PORTZIUS
217
PORTA (GIAMBATTISTA BELLA). Continued.
Joannes Matthasus Toscanus, Peplus Italics,
Lutet., 1578, p. 116, No. cxcvi.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 251.
Joannes Imperialis, Museum Historicum et Phy-
sicum, 1640, p. 122, with a short biography.
Girol. Ghilini, Teatro d' Huomini Letierati,
1647, i. pp. 103-4 (much praised for his skill in
astrology, mathematics, natural science, physiog-
nomy. List of his works).
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 189.
Crasso, Elogii d' Huomini Letterati, Venetia,
1666, i. pp. 170-174, with a portrait.
Toppi, Biblioteca Napoktana, 1678, pp. 139, 329.
Mercklin, Lindenius renoi-atus, 1686, p. 536.
Freher, Theatruin virontm eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 1510, and pi. 78.
Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. M2
recto, 4 Feb., 1615; Riga, 1691, Tom. ii. p. 19, 4
Feb., 1615.
Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractates,
1700, pp. 602, 731.
Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic etdela Chirurgie,
1700, ii. p. 100.
Gassendus, Nicolai Claudii Fabricii de Peiresc
Vita, Quedlinburg, 1706, p. 136 (invention of the
telescope).
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 540.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^,
1732, p. 112.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. p. 726 (I. 4. 2. 3) ;
ii. pp. 155, 157 (II. 2. 2. 9& ii) ; ii. p. 426(1!. 2*. 40.
6) ; ii. p. 454 (II. 3. i. 4) ; ii. p. 473 (II. 4. i. id.
Jacob Brucker, Kurlze Fragen aus der Philo-
sophischen Historic, Ulm, 1735, vi. p. 633.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 1593.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 269.
Niceron, Memoirts, 1745, xliii. p. 30.
Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1709 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 672.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 116.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
I755. »• P- 297 ; 1778, iii. p. 608.
Freytag, Adparatus litterarius, 1755, iii. pp. 154,
156-168.
Montucla, Histoire des Mathematiques, 1758, i.
p. 628 (researches on vision ; invention of the
telescope).
Moreri, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759,
VIII. ii. p. 490.
Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 239.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 328.
Priestley, The History and present State of Dis-
coveries relating to Vision, Light and Colours, 1772,
i. pp. 34-43.
Les Bibliotheques Francoises de la Croix du
Maine et de Du Verdier, ed. Juvigny, 1773, iv.
(Du Verdier ii.), p. 504.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 216 ;
1777, ii. p. 743.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 215.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
p. 125 ('vir acuti ingenii, mathematicus, ingenii
praecocis, peregrinator ').
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 14.
J. F. Blumenbach, Introductio in Historiam
Medicinae lilterariam, 1786, p. 189.
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literiir-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, pp. 210, 211, §184.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 317,
319-22, 351, 353, 356.
G. H. Duchesne, Notice sur la -vie et les Oeuvres
de Jean Baptiste Porta, Paris, 1801, 8°.
Job. Karl Fischer, Geschichte der Physik, 1801, i.
p. 163, & passim.
Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana,
1810, vii. p. 496, &c.
Aikin, General Biography, 1813, viii. p. 307.
Biografia degli uomini illustri del Regno di
Napoli, Napoli, 1814-22.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816, xxv. p. 206.
Colangelo, Vita di Giovanni-Battista della Porta,
Napoli, 1818, 8°.
Gingugne, Histoire litte'raire d Italic, 1819, vii.
pp. 116, 175-6, 362.
Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 475 (article by A. J. L. Jourdan, who
gives a good list of his works).
Biographic Universelle, 1823, xxxv. p. 442 ; no
date, xxxiv. p. 124 (by Weiss).
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii.
P- 393-
Colangelo, Storia dei Filosqfi e dei tnatematici
Napolitani, Napoli, 1833-34.
Libri, Histoire des Sciences Mathematiques en
Italic, 1841, iv. pp. 108, 303, 399.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 102-
106 ; 1869, ii. pp. 96-100.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 362 ;
1845, iii. p. 241 ; 1847, iv. pp. 70, 71, 86, 132, 152,
199, 202.
E. M. Oettinger, Bibliographic biographique,
Leipzig, 1850, p, 536.
Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Liierdr-
geschichte, 1852, III. i. pp. 893, 894-6, Si passim.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, pp. 461, 465.
E. H. F. Mayer, Geschichte der Botanik, 1857,
iv. p. 438.
Knight, The English Cyclopaedia, Biography,
1857, iv. col. 942.
Nouvelle Biographic Gtne'rale, 1862, xl. col. 841.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
wdrterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 504.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 122.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Vblkcr, 1886, iv. p. 612
(by Pagel).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 514.
Ferguson, 'Notes on Books of Secrets,' Trans-
actions of the Glasgow Archaological Society,
1883, ii. pp. 191, 252 ; New Series, 1894, vol. ii.
p. 389-
PORTZIUS (JOHANN DAVID).
Vini Rhenani in specie Bacharacensis Anatomia Chymica, ex novis principiis
potius principiatis acido & alcali resoluta in qua pauca de Terra, Vite, Uva
Musto, Vino, ejusq; Spiritu, Tartataro (sic\ tandemque Aceto brevibus
218
PORTZWS—POSTHIUS
PORTZIUS QOHANN DAVID). Continued.
tractantur, suosque in usus rediguntur; a Job. Davide Portzio, Bacharaco-
Palatino, Phil. & Med. Doct. Heydelbergae Impensis Joh. Petri Zubrodt.
M.DCLXXII.
12°. Pp. [lo] 84.
Portzius, or Portius, was a native of Bacharach,
in the Palatinate, studied at Padua under Pietro
de Marchettis, and in Leyden under Jan van
Hoorne, where he was a doctor of philosophy and
of medicine, which last degree he took at Leyden.
He afterwards practised with distinction in various
places in Germany, and wrote his books. He
lived towards the end of the eighteenth century,
but the dates of his birth and death are not given.
The present book is reviewed in the Philosophical
Transactions, 1673, No. 93, p. 6019.
A new edition is said to have been printed in
Holland in 1673, 'DUt if it be a reprint it has a
different title : Bacchus enucleatus, hoc est, examen
vini Rhenani ejusque tartari spiritus, aceti &c.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 569.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 544.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751,
iii. col. 1714; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Er-
gdnzungen, 1819, vi. col. 686.
Portal, Histoirede I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, iii. p. 561.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 567.
Leeuwaarden, 1673, 8° ; and again : Bacchus
enucleatus, sive, examen vini Rhenani, imprimis
Baccaracensis anatomia chymica, Leovardiae, 1674,
12°. As I have not seen these reprints, I can say
nothing about them. Mangel apparently regards
the 1672 and 1673 editions as being of the same
book.
Other works by him are :
Catalogus van een vylmuntent en overheerlyk
cabinet van Petrefacta, Amsterd. 1754 (?), 8°.
Demonstratio, medico-chyrurgica de turnoribus
et in specie de TraiSapdpoKaK^, . . . Leeuwaarden,
1679, 12° ; Naples, 1727, 4° ; in English, London,
1706, 8°.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
1778, iii. p. 6n.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1779, iii.
p. 326. (Haller gives both titles as if the Heidel-
berg and Leeuwaarden editions were different
books. )
Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 482.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerite aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 614.
POSTHIUS (JOANNES).
Schatzkammerlein der Gesundheit, 1628.
See HILDANUS (WILHELM FABRICIUS).
This is a collection of maxims in verse aboul
eating, drinking, sleeping, and so on, for the
preservation of health, commented on by Hildanus.
Posth, or Poslhius, afterwards distinguished as
an anatomist, was born in 1537 (1533?) at Ger-
mersheim, in the Palatinate, studied letlers and
philosophy al Heidelberg, and look the degree of
M.A. in 1558. He Ira veiled in Germany and
Italy, was shipwrecked in the Adriatic, lived at
Montpellier, and in 1567 took the degree of M.D.
at Valence, in Dauphin^. He setlled at Antwerp,
and as physician accompanied the troops raised by
the Low Countries against Alba. In 1568 he was
at Wiirzburg, and acted as physician to the Prince
Boissardus, /cones Virorum Illustrium, 1597, i.
pp. 11-16 ; 1598, ii. pp. 74 (brilliant portrait) -82.
Adami, Vitce Germanorum Medicorum, 1620,
PP- 33I-338-
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 299.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 660.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 663.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorutn,
1688, p. 1298, and plale 59.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum ,
1731, II. i. p. 545.
James Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomiccc Speci-
men, 1734, p. 161.
Zedler, Universal- lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col. 1801.
Jakob Brucker, Ehren-tempel der Deutschen
Gelehrsamkeit, 1747, p. 66 (with a fine portrait).
Freytag, Analecta litteraria, 1750, p. 706.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1728 ; Rolermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz*
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 730,
Bishop. In 1583 he wenl to Heidelberg, and
acted as private physician to Ihe Churfursl's
adminislralor, Johann Casimir, and subsequenlly
lo the Churfiirst, Frederick IV. From fear of Ihe
plague in 1597 he fled lo Mosbach, but died there
on 24 June, 1597, in the 64th year of his age,
according to Hildanus, but the 6oth, according lo
Douglas.
He was Ihe aulhor of analomical and lilerary
works, bul did nol engage al all in chemislry. He
is highly praised as a learned, skilful, and widely
celebraled philosopher and physician by Hildanus,
in the preface to the presenl book. His poems,
Parerga poetica, Basil., 8°, are rare.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
1755, ii. p. 299; 1778, iii. p. 614.
Portal, Histoire de FAnatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 122.
Moehsen, Verzeichnis einer Samlung von Bild-
nissen, 1771, Th. ii. p. 108.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1776, i.
P- 348 ; 1777. ii- P- 291-
J. F. Blumenbach, Introductio in Historian
Medicince litterariam, 1786, p. 124.
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literdr-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, pp. 216, 217, § 188.
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 484.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, in.
pp. 63, 82, 84, 105.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv.
p. 617.
Allgemelne Deutsche Biographie, 1888, xxvi.
P- 473-
POTERWS
219
POTERIUS (PETRUS).
Petri Poterii Opera Omnia Practica & Chymica, cum Annotationibus et Addita-
mentis utilissimis pariter ac curiosis Friderici Hoffmanni, Filii, Hallensis,
Medici Electoralis Brandenburgici, Philosophi & Professoris Medicinae
Primarii in Academia Fridericiana. Accessit nova Doctrina De Febribus, ex
Principiis mechanicis solide deducta. Cum indice locupletissimo. Franco-
furti ad Moenum, Impensis Friderici Knochii, Bibliop. Typis Johannis Baueri.
Anno M.DC.XCVIII.
black.
Pp. [20, including frontispiece], 882. Indices [26, 2 blank]. Title red and
Portrait of F. Hoffmann as frontispiece.
[Another Copy.]
[Pharmacopoea Spagirica.]
8°. Pp. [6] 308. Index [12]. Wants the title-page.
This book was published at Bologna, in 1622, edition. Inserted in it is a leaf (pp. 45-46) from
8°, and at Frankfurt, 1628, 8°, in two books. The the Bologna (?) edition of his 'Observationes.'
present is almost certainly a copy of the Bologna
Manes Poterianae.
See ETTNER (JOHANN CHRISTOPH VON).
Pierre de la Poterie is called Pierre Potier by
Jbcher, and Petrus Poter by Rotermund, Pierre
Potier and Poterius by Eloy.
He was a physician and chemist, a native of Anjou.
Early in the seventeenth century he went to Italy,
and settled there, and in spite of his youth — he was
barely 20 — gained esteem as a successful practi-
tioner. He took up his residence at Bologna, was
created a French councillor and Royal physician,
was a strong supporter of spagyric remedies as
against those then in fashion, and vaunted his
' antihecticum ' (antimony oxide containing tin) and
other secret remedies of his own invention. He
was one of the first to describe the method of
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 402.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 904.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 545 (review of his works from the
A eta Lipsiensia).
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^,
1732, p. 113.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740,
p. 674.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxviii. col.
1869.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 270.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1730 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
uiigen, 1819, vi. col. 735.
Moehsen, Verzeichnis einer Samlung von Bild-
nissen, 1771, Th. ii. p. 108.
Moehsen, Beschreibiing einer Berlinischen Me-
daillen-Sammlung, 1773, i. p. 146.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 296.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinte practice, 1777, ii.
p. 444.
making the Bologna stone. His works contain an
account of remarkable cures, observations, and a
treatise on fevers, besides the above.
He was still living at Bologna in 1640, but is said
to have been assassinated afterwards by a treacher-
ous friend, Sancassani.
De Febribus Libri II. et insignium curationum et
singularium observationum centuriae tres, Venet.,
1615; Bonon., 1622, 1643, 4°; Paris, 1647, 4°;
Cent. I. and II. Colon., 1622-23, I2°-
Opera, Lugd., 1645, 8°; 1653, 8°; Francof.,
1666, 8°; and 1698, 4°, edited by Fridericus
Hoffmann, as above.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iii. p. 615.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 23.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 567,
592; 1778, ii. p. 4. ('Inventachemica/ed. Ettner).
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 123.
Biographie Mtdicak, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 485.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Artneykunde, 1827, iv.
p. 283.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 245 ;
1869, ii. p. 237.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, 'v- P- 42.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, pp. 210, 346, 499, 572.
PoggendorfT, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 509.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 119.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Vdlker, 1886, iv. p. 617.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi-
cales, 2eme SeYie, 1888, xxvi. p. 781.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 545.
220 POTIER
POTIER (MICHAEL).
Novus Tractatus Chymicus, de vera Materia, veroq; Processu Lapidis Philoso-
phici, quo pleniorem, planiorem atque fideliorem hactenus non vidit Mundus.
Cui accessit sub calcem ut verum, ita sincerum de Fraternitate Rosese Crucis
judicium. Haec omnia nuper ad amici cujusdam literas responsa, & mox
subinde hoc publico typo dictse Fraternitati devote dicata a Michaele Potier,
Give Dortmontano, Westphalorum. Editio prima.
Adsit Amor. Absit Livor.
Francofurti ad Moenum, Typis & sumptibus Hartmanni Palthenij, 1617.
8°. Pp. 79 [i blank].
Besides the above, Kloss quotes editions : Francof., 1619, 1629, 8°, which makes it parallel with the
work ' Philosophia Pura ' below.
[Another Copy.]
Philosophia Pura, qua non solum vera materia, verusque processus Lapidis
Philosophici multo apertius, quam hactenus ab ullo Philosophorum, pro-
ponitur ; sed etiam viva totius Mysterij revelatio filijs sapientiae offertur : quod
typis nunquam visum, quamdiu stetit Mundus. Accessit sub calcem Judicium
de Fratribus Roseae Crucis. Haec omnia hac Secunda Editione diligentissime
recognita, ac plurimis in locis novis Responsionibus locupletata, ab autore
ipso Michaele Potier, Give Dortmontano in Westphalia.
Invidet Nemini Charitas.
Francofurti, Typis Pauli Jacobi, Impensis Lucae Jennis. Anno M.DC.XIX.
8°. Pp. 214 [4 blank].
Lenglet Dufresnoy, followed by Schmieder, quotes apart, though he adds that it is probably identical
editions of 1617 and 1629, but not this of 1619. with the others, which it doubtless is. The 1619
Gmelin quotes all three, but puts the 1619 edition and 1629 editions are quoted in the Missiv.
Michaelis Potier Veredarius Hermetico-Philosophicus Lsetum et Inauditum
Nuncium adferens ; id est, secreti Naturae secretissimi, de conficiendo
nimirum lapide philosophico, personalem & vivam Revelationem veris veras
sapientiae filiis, nunquam & nusquam ante hunc diem viso vel audito modo,
fideliter & finaliter offerens. Novis ad quorundam literas & theses Respon-
sionibus informatus, et ex civitate imperiali Essen in Westph. ablegatus, ab
ipsomet Autore.
Erubescit Veritas, nisi Abscondi.
Francofurti Sumptibus Danielis & Davidis Aubriorum & Clementis Schleichii.
Anno M.DC.XXII.
8°. Pp. L8] 263 [i].
This also has been converted into two separate keeps up this distinction, adds however that they
works by Lenglet Dufresnoy : one called ' Vere- are probably identical. Schmieder maintains the
darius ' and the other ' De conficiendo Lapide distinction without any correction.
Philosophico,' both dated 1622. Gmelin, who
Redivivi Michaelis Potier Philosophi Hermetici Apologia, contra Alchymistam
Impostorem, qui philosophum hunc in arte lapidis philosophorum verum
ac indubitatum, imposturae suspectum facere conatus est, fidem ut sibi apud
rerum incautos pararet. Scriptum sane in arte hac divino-naturalissima adeo
POTIER—POTT 221
POTIER (MICHAEL). Continued.
clarum & apertum, quo clarius & apertius in hoc Europe theatrum prodijt
nunquam, nee unquam par fidelis scripti exemplum ullibi terrarum visum est :
quia turn materiam lapidis philosophic! veram & immediatam exhibet, turn
verum cum ista materia procedendi modum ; adeoque fontem auri & argenti,
imb & sanitatis uberrimum fideliter offert; a veris verae artis inquisitoribus
jamdiu desideratissimum. Augustissimo et Invictissimo Romanorum Impera-
tori Ferdinando II. nee non Potentissimo Regi Hungarise et Bohemia?
Ferdinando Ernesto, Archiduci Austria? Imperatoris Ferdinandi II. Filio ac
Haeredi, devotissime dicatum & consecratum ab ipsomet Authore Michaele
Potier, Philosopho Hermetico dogmatico, vero ac fundamentali.
Veritas patefacta triumphat.
Francofurti, Cura & Sumptibus Auctoris.
In anno Ipso, In qVo Ipso saplente IVDICe, trlVMphablt Ipsa
Veritas.
4°. Pp. [n, i blank] 131 [i blank]. At the end is another chronogram : In anno
Ipso, In qVo DeVs benlgne CaVsaM tVebatVr Insontls.
The chronogram is 1631. Lenglet Dufresnoy boast of his knowledge of the secrets of the art,
enters apparently an edition of 1630 under the title : but could never be brought to give proofs of it.
'Apologia Hermetico philosophica,' but that of He ended his life, it is said, in the greatest poverty
1631 as ' Redivivi Apologia contra impostorem and neglect, early in the seventeenth century.
Alchimistam.' Gmelin also makes this distinction. Besides the preceding works he was the author
It is possible that they are different, or there may of the following :
be merely a difference in the title-page. Schmieder Compendium Philosophorum in Comitem Trevis-
mentions the edition of 1630 only. anum . . ., Francof., 1610, 12°.
Potier was apparently a Frenchman. For many Fons Chytnicus, Colon. , 1637, 4°.
years he travelled over the whole of Europe, and Philosophia Chymica, Francof., 1648, 4°.
finally settled in Dortmund. His vanity and Vera inveniendi lapidem philosophicum methodus
reticence are displayed in his works. He made a contra Alchimistas.
Van der Linden, De Scripti s Medicis libri duo, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Ckemie, 1785,
1637, p. 364. pp. 299, 524, 602, 606.
Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. 189. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, Gottingen, 1797,
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, Norimb. , 1686, i. pp. 504-5, 523, 524 and notes, 560.
p. 820. Biographie Medicate, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 25), vi. p. 485.
Geneva;, 1731, II. i. p. 546. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, Halle, 1832,
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic p. 358.
Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 387, 478 ; iii. pp. 269-270. Hoefer, Histoire de la CAimie, 1843, ii. p. 331 ;
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, Leipz., 1869, ii. p. 323.
1751, iii. col. 1730. Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844,
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 117. No. 2500.
Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medi- Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
conim chronologic us, 1761, p. 553. worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 509.
Moehsen, Verzeichnis einer Samlung von Bild- Kopp, Die Alchemie, Heidelberg, 1886, i. p.
nissen, 1771, Th. ii. p. 108. 236 ; ii. pp. 332, 333, 344-5, 385, 391.
Moehsen, Beschreibung ciner Berlinischen Me- Dictionnaire Encyclope'dique des Sciences Midi-
daillen-Sammlung, 1773, i. p. 146. cales, 2eme Se'rie, 1888, xxvi. p. 781.
Missiv an die kocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des
Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, p. 77.
POTT QOHANN HEINRICH).
D. Johannis Henrici Pott Prof. Chym. und Mitgleid der Konigl. Academic der
Wissenschaften Chymische Untersuchungen welche fiirnehmlich von der
Lithogeognosia oder Erkantnifs und Bearbeitung der gemeinen einfacheren
Steine und Erden ingleichen von Feuer und Licht handeln. Potsdamm,
Bey Christian Friedrich Vofs. 1746.
4°. Pp. [8] 88.
D. Johannis Henrici Pott Fortsetzung derer Chymischen Untersuchungen, welche
von der Lithogeognosie, oder Erkantnifs und Bearbeitung derer Steine und Erden
specieller handeln. Berlin und Potsdam, bey Christian Friedrich Vofs. 1751.
4°. Pp. [8] 120.
222
POTT—PO YSELIUS
POTT (JOHANN HEINRICH). Continued.
Pott was born at Halberstadt in 1692, where his
father was Prussian councillor and canonicus. He
was educated at the Cathedral school there and at
Halle, and in 1709 entered the University. He
first studied theology, but afterwards turned to
medicine, in which he graduated in 1716. He then
went home, but in 1719 again went to Halle and
thence to Berlin. Almost on his arrival he was
admitted to the Academy of Sciences, which, later
on, he left, on account of violent disputes with
some of his colleagues. On the foundation of {he
Collegium Medico-chirurgicum he was appointed
professor of theoretical chemistry, and after Neu-
mann's death he held also the post of teacher of
practical chemistry and director of the royal phar-
maceutical establishment.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermftique, 1742, i. pp. 417, 486 ; iii. p. 271.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 324.
Nouveaux Mtmoires de I'Acade'mie des Sciences
et Belles-Lettres, Annte 1777, Berlin, 1779, pp. 55-
65 (61oge by Formey).
BauTier, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 57 ('Vir
in chemicis exercitatissimus, et fide dignissimus
fuit1).
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literdr-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, pp. 372, 373, § 290.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 350,
407, 468-70, 603, 605-10; 1799, iii. p. 54.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litterattir,
1806-08, pp. 232, 238, 246, 263-64, 273, 287, 292,
295- 324. 326, 340, 344-
Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 ver-
storbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1810, x. pp.
507-510.
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Erganzungen zu
. . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819,
vi. col. 746 (and references).
He died 20 (29) March, 1777.
He was one of the most distinguished chemists of
his time, especially for his researches on the effects
of high temperatures upon mineral substances.
There was a second continuation of the above,
Berlin, 1754, 4°, and a new edition of the whole,
Berlin, 1757, 4°.
His experiments on minerals appeared in French :
Lithogeognosie ou Examen Chymique des Pierres
et des Terres en ge'ne'ral . . ., Paris, 1753, 12°, pp.
viij, 431 (i blank), with a plate ; continuation, 1753,
12°, pp. 267 (5) ; and his collected works, trans-
lated by Demachy : Dissertations chymiques . . .,
Paris, 1759, 4 vols., 12°, i. pp. xxiv, 576 ; ii. pp.
[6] 386 ; iii. pp. [6] 590 ; iv. pp. vj, 536.
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 486.
Biographie Universelle, 1823, xxxv. p. 530 ; no
date, xxxiv. p. 197.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1825, v.
P- 33-
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 408-
411 ; 1869, ii. pp. 401-404.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 205-
208, &c., &c.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, pp. 533, 578, 579, 596, 611, 636, 638, 693, 714.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
vuorterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 509.
Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale, 1866, xl. col. 901.
Hofmann, Chemische Erinnerungen aus der
Berliner Vergangenheit , 1882, pp. 24, 69.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1888, xxvi. p.
486 (by Ladenburg).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 546.
POYSELIUS (ULRICH).
Spiegel der Alchimey.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. 1598, p. 60.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi, p. 86.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 277.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 214.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 86.
Ein Particular Augmentation des Golds.
See CHYMIPHILUS (j. J.), Der wahren chymischen Weisheit Offenbahrung, 1720
p. 169.
than a possessor of the lofty truth, so that it is of
no use.'
The above is the only writing ascribed to Poy-
selius by the authorities, but Georg Phaedro in his
'Vindication ' quotes a book by the ' noble honour-
able Ulrich Poifsel ' : De summo philosophorum
ovo, sive termino, but whether that is another book
or merely another title, I am unable to say.
According to the title Poyselius was a priest at
the Bavarian Court, possessed the 'true stone of
the Philosophers, ' and wrote the present tract. He
died in the year 1471, and was buried at Mannfs-
minster in the old Palatinate.
Fictuld says he lived in the year 1471, though
everybody else says he died that year ; ' he gave a
wretched philosophical tractlet to the world, from
which anyone can see that he was more of a sophist
Georg Phaedro, Verantwortieng, 1566, sign. Dj
verso.
Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p. 559.
Borrichius, Conspectvs Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 28, No. xxxix.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 117,
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie
der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. p. 132.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 238.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. mo.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 354.
PRACTICA— PR&POSITUS 223
PRACTICA.
See (LULLIUS) RAYMUNDUS.
For works bearing this name see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 348.
PRACTICA ad discipulum.
See ODOMARUS.
PRACTICA Leonis Viridis, das ist: Der rechte vnd wahre Fussteig zu dem
Koniglichen Chymischen HochzeitSaal F. C. R. Neben einem Anhang
vnnd explication zweyer Tage der Chymischen Hochzeit, alien Liebhabern der
Kunst zu gute an Tage gegeben, vnd in Druck verfertiget, Durch C. V. M. V. S.
Gedruckt, In vorlegung Johan Thiemen. Im Jahr M.DC.XIX.
8°. Pp. [2] 132.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
Hermdtique, 1742, in. p. 101. (He gives the title p. 605 ('a rare little book !').
in French, for apparently he had not seen the Murr> jjter den. vjahren Ur sprung der Rosen-
ongmal, and he says he did not know either the kreuzer und des Freimaurerordens. 1803, p. 54.
place or date of printing.) KlosSt Bibliographit der Freimaurerei, 1844,
Mtssiv an die Bruderschaft des Ordens des Gold- j^o 2583
enen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, p. 48. ('Few know, Ladrag'ue, Bibliothlque Ouvaroff, Sciences
fewer have seen this altogether rare tract. ) Secretes 1870 No. 1545.
PRACTICA vera alkimica.
See ORTHOLANUS.
PRACTICA vom Universal oder gebenedeyten Tinctur Stein der Alten Weisen,
Rythmice gestellt.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 307.
PRACTICE of Lights, or an Excellent and Ancient Treatise of the Philosophers-
Stone.
See COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, p. 27.
PR^tPOSITUS (NICOLAUS).
Dispensarium magi || stri Nicolai Preposi || ti ad aromatarios.||
S. 1. a. & typ. nom. ; folio. Sigs. a-k in eights, 1-n in sixes, n vj blank ; or, ff. xcvii,
i blank. Double columns. 57-58 lines. Gothic letter. Title, f. i, without number
or signature; f. ii, with sig. aij, begins: Prologus II Nicolai prepositi dpctoris || medici
clarissimi Isagoge siue||introductiones in artem apote || canatus incipiunt.|| F. xciii
verso, col. 2 : Finit Nicolai prepositi doctoris || medici clarissimi ysagogaru siue
introdu- 1| ctionu in arte apotecariatus opusculu3. || f. xciiii recto, with sig. n ij to f. xcvii
verso, Tabula. At the end : Finis tabule II Laus deo || followed by the Registrum.
With the exception of the reading ' introduc- But the best evidence goes to prove that he was
tionum' for Hain's 'introductorium,' and 57-58' NicolausSalernitanus, or of Salerno, surnamed Prse-
lines for Hain's 58 lines, the above corresponds positus, because he was head of that great medical
with Hain's No. '13325, and was printed late in school. He wrote a work entitled ' Antidotarium
the fifteenth century. parvum," which accompanies the works of Mesue,
The accounts of this person are so vague, and Venice, 1589, 1623, but, so far as I have ascer-
are so irreconcilable with each other, that it is tained, was not printed in the fifteenth century. He
plain the historians have hardly any facts to go was born or flourished in the early part of the
upon. He has been called Nicolaus Alexandrinus twelfth century, and was about a hundred years
and put in the sixth century ; he has been identified earlier than Myrepsus, so that he could not have
with Nicolaus Myrepsus in the thirteenth century ; adopted or adapted anything from that writer, as
he has been called a physician at Tours at the end has been alleged.
of the sixteenth century and expressly distinguished Though passing under his name the present
from Nicolaus Salernitanus. treatise is not by him, but, according to Choulant,
224
PRAEPOSITUS— PRE TIOSA
PR/EPOSITUS (NICOLAUS). Continued.
is a production of the fifteenth century, as appears
by the authors quoted. It is said to be compiled
from the work of Praspositus and Mesue.
The present treatise, under varying titles, was
repeatedly printed ; and the following editions,
besides the two printed before 1500, are enumerated :
Lugd., 1505, 1512, 1532, 1536, 1537 (edited by
Mich, de Capella).
Ingoldstadt, 1541 ; Venet., 1543.
Basil., 1549 (by Leonhard Fuchs).
Lugd., 1550, 1567, 1582.
Venet., 1602.
Francof., 1625, 1626.
Norimb., 1658.
Castellanus, Vita illustrium Medicorum, 1617,
p. 134 (identifies Myrepsus and Praspositus).
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 374.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 661
(says he compiled an epitome of Myrepsus).
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 842;
p. 640 (under Mesue).
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 374 (places Myrepsus earlier
than Praepositus).
Bayle, Dictionaire historiqut et critique, 1730,
iii. p. 805.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 547 (seems to regard him as the same
person as Myrepsus).
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 102 (note a).
Theophilus Sincerus (i.e. Geprg Jacob Schwin-
del), Bibliotheca Historico-Critica Librorum . . .
rariorum, Nlirnberg, 1736, p. 189, No. Iviii. (Dis-
pensatorium ad Aromatorios, Lugd., 1505).
Theophilus Sincerus, Thesaurus Bibliothecalis,
Norimbergae, 1739, iv. p. 50, No. xxiii. (Dispen-
sarium ad Aromatorios, Lugd., 1512).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 675 (follows Conring).
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxix., col. 73.
Repertorium der seltenen Schriften, 2tes Stiick,
p. 72.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1743 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 782.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. pp. 166,
168 ; 1772, ii. p. 638.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 113.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1776, i.
p. 324.
Torbern Bergman, Dissert atio Gradualis sistens
ChemicE Progressus a Media Sac. VII. ad Medium
Scec. XVII., Upsaliae [1782], p. 9. (He quotes
Sincerus, who quotes the 1505 and 1512 editions,
said he could find nothing about the author. I
have not been able to do more than verify and
confirm Sincerus' result. By several authorities he
has been entirely overlooked.
Another work, which is said to bear his name, is
the Latin translation of the Antidotarium of
Myrepsus, which he composed in Greek in the
thirteenth century. Under any circumstances Prae-
positus could not have been the author of that book.
It would seem, therefore, as if it had been a
habit to affix his name to a pharmaceutical treatise
so as to give it authority.
'Nicolaus Prevost, Medicus Touronensis,' who
wrote an Antidotarium, Lugd., 1505, in 4°. By
Prevost is probably meant Praepositus, at least
Wiegleb has so transcribed it in his translation.)
Reprinted in Opuscula Physica et Chemica, 1787,
iv. p. 97 ; English translation, 1791, p. 107.
Wiegleb, Geschichte des Wachsthums und der
Erfindungen in der Chemie in der dltesten und
mittlern Zeit, 1792, pp. 150-151. (Wiegleb, fol-
lowing Bergman, distinguishes between Nicolaus
of Salerno and Nicolaus Praspositus of Tours, who
lived at the end of the fifteenth century.)
Panzer, Annales Typographici, 1796, iv. p. 180,
No. 1004 (s. 1. & a.); 1799, vii. p. 282, No. 61
(Lyons, 1505); p. 301, No. 210 (Lyons, 1512);
1801, ix. p. 515, No. 347 b (Lyons, 1517).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 24-25.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 17.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1823, ii.
pp. 498 (Nicolaus of Salerno, not to be confused
with Nicolaus Alexandrinus, pp. 334, 335).
Hain, Repertorium Bibliographicum, 1838, II. ii.
Nos. *i3324, *i3325.
Choulant, Handbuch der Bucher-Kunde der a Item
Medicin, 1841, pp. 282-291.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 348 ;
1866, i. p. 367.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. 126,
180; 1849, ii. p. 109.
De Renzi, Collectio Salernitana, 1852, i. p. 217.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, pp. 394, 395. 4°4-
Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, 1856, iii. pp. 382,
459- 5o6.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1875, i. pp. 480,
666, 849; 1 88 1, ii. p. 967.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv. p. 368
(calls him ' Nicolaus Salernitanus ').
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1888, ix., p. 933.
PRAXIS Universalis magni Operis, ex Raymundo.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verse Alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 248.
PREPARATION of the Philosophers Stone.
See BRIEF (A) Preparation of the Philosophers Stone.
PRETIOSA Margarita.
See BONUS (PETRUS).
See LACINIUS (JANUS).
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 128.
PRE TIOSISSIM1—PR1ESTLE Y
225
PRETIOSISSIMI Arcani Arcanorum et Philosophorum Magisterii Verissima ac
Purissima Revelatio.
See MAGNI PHILOSOPHORUM Arcani Revelator, 1688.
PRIESTLEY (JOSEPH).
Letter to Richard Kirwan, Esq.
See SCHEELE (CHARLES WILLIAM), 1780, p. 250.
Dr. Priestley was born near Leeds 13 March,
1733. His schooling was rapidly acquired; he
showed considerable aptitude for languages and a
taste for natural science. Later on his studies ran
in two distinct lines— one, theology, philosophy,
and politics ; the other, physics and chemistry.
His career was a chequered one. He was a
preacher, a schoolmaster, librarian to a nobleman
and tutor of his sons, and a keen student and con-
troversialist in theology and philosophy. His views
on these subjects, or his advocacy of them, rendered
him unpopular as a preacher and as an individual
almost all his life through, and the growing dislike
culminated at last in the burning of his house and
chapel at Birmingham by a mob, from whose hands
he himself had a narrow escape.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 68g
(on Air). 718 (edition of Hartley on the Mind).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 256,
270-76. &c., &c.
Aikin, 'Sketch of the life and character of Dr.
Priestley,' Monthly Magazine, May, 1804, pp. 355-
363-
Der Biograpk, Halle, 1804, iv. p. 220. (Notifi-
cation of his death at Northumberland, U.S.A.,
5 Feb.. 1804, aged 71 nearlv: 'a man of unblem-
ished character, who however had so excited the
hatred of the people that he left England and
settled in America.')
The Philosophical Magazine, 1805, xxii. pp. 166-
171. with a portrait.
Cuvier, Mi 'moires de Vlnstitut des Sciences,
I-ettres et Arts. Sciences Mathtmatiques et Phv-
siqnes, 1806, vi. pp. 29-58.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 302, 456, 474, 540 (calls him John
instead of Joseph).
Edinburgh Review, 1807. ix. No. xvii. pp. 136-
161 (review of Cooper's ' Life ').
Hutton, Shaw and Pearson, The Philosophical
Transactions . . . from 1665 to . . . 1800, abridged,
London, 1809, xii. p. 510 note.
Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812,
Apn. iv. p. Iii, June 12, 1766.
Thomson, Annals of Philosophy, 1813, i. pp. 8r-
89.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816. xxv. pp. 207-307.
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu
. . . Jochers aJlgemeinem GeJehrten-Lexico, 1819,
vi. col. 907-916 (list of 145 writings).
Bieigraphie Mfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25). vi. p. 405.
Biographie Universelle* 1823, xxxvi. p. 83 ; no
date, xxxiv. pp. 352-356 (article by Cuvier).
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824 (Authors),
ii. 776.f-777>fr.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v.
pp. 25, 38, 130.
Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 18 i, ii.
pp. 1-25.
Cuvier, Histoire des Progres des Sciences Natur-
ellf!. 1894, \. p. 64.
II. 1
Not finding any sympathy after this from his
countrymen, he followed his sons to America in
1795, and settled at Northumberland, a hundred
and thirty miles from Philadelphia, where he died
6 Feb., 1804. Even in America, it is said, the
feeling which had displayed itself so strongly in this
country had begun to show evidences of vitality.
The theological controversies which he carried on
are now forgotten, but his scientific discoveries
must necessarily remain. He was a clever experi-
menter, and successful in getting positive results ;
but whether from bent of mind or want of training,
or both, he lacked the power or the patience to
work out the inferences to which his discoveries
led. If Priestley does not stand in the first rank, his
great versatility must bear a large part of the blame.
The Georgian Era, 1834, iii. pp. 189-198.
Dumas, Lecons sur la Philosophie chimique, 1837,
p. 101 ; 1878, p. 109 ; Rammelsberg's German
translation, 1839, p. 89.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 479-
493 ; 1869, ii. pp. 472-487-
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 236-
244, &c., &c.
Brougham, Lives of Men of Letters and Science
who flourished in the time of George III., 1845, i.
pp. 402-408, & passim, with a portrait ; Works, I.
Lives of Philosophers of the Reign of George III.,
1855, pp. 68-90, &c., &c. (died 6 Feb., 1804, in his
seventy-second year).
Weld, A History of the Royal Society, 1848, ii.
pp. 51-54, 56, 66, 67.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, pp. 346, 614, 629, 647, 677, 687, 690, 691,
700, 712.
Knight, The English Cyclopedia, Biography,
1857, iv. cols. 971-975-
Cuvier, Recueil des eloges historiqucs, 1861, i. pp.
117-149.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 528.
Hoefer, La Chimie enseignte par la Biographie de
ses Fondateurs, 1865, pp. 136-170.
Nouvelle Biographie Gtnerale, 1866, xli. cols.
27-35-
Ladenburg, Vortrage Uber die Entwicklungs-
geschichte der Chemie, 1869, p. 16.
Kopp, Die Entwickelung der Chemie in der
neuern Zeit, 1873, pp. 61-68, 163-165 (composition
of the atmosphere), 185-189 (formation of water),
&c., &c.
T. H. Huxley, 'Address delivered on the occasion
of the presentation of a statue of Priestley to the
town of Birmingham, August i, 1874.' Macmillaris
Magazine, Oct., 1874. Reprinted in Huxley's
Science and Culture and other Essays, London,
1881, pp. 04-127.
Kopp, Beitrdge sur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875,
iii. p. 249 (formation of water).
Allibone, A Critical Dictionary of English
Literature, 1878, ii. pp. 1683-1687 (the different
opinions on Priestley here collected arc interesting
and instructive).
226 PRIESTLEY— PROBIER
PRIESTLEY (JOSEPH). Continued.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 593, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 649.
594, 967. Thorpe, Essays in Historical Chemistry, 1894,
M. M. Pattison Muir, Heroes of Science. Chem- pp. 28-52, 110-141.
ists, 1883, p. 52. Ernst von Meyer, Geschichte der Chemie, 1895,
Ed. Grimaux, Lavoisier, 1743-1794, 1888, passim. 2te Aufl., p. 106, &c. English translation, 1891,
B. W. Richardson, 'Joseph Priestley, LL.D., p. 118, &c.
F.R.S., and the discovery of vital air — oxygen gas'; Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlvi.
The Asclepiad, Lond., 1889, vi. pp. 51-76, with a pp. 357-371 (life, &c., by A. Gordon) ; pp. 371-6
portrait. (science by P. J. Hartog).
Berthelot, La Revolution chimique, Lavoisier, Ramsay, The Gases of the Atmosphere, 1896,
1890, passim. p. 70, with a portrait.
PRIM A (De) Materia Lapidis Philosophorum.
See ELUCIDATIO Secretorum, 1602, p. 465.
See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 192.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemize Ander Buch, 1614, p. 700.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 708.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, part ii.
p. 15.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 360.
PRINCIPIIS (De) Naturalibus et de principiis artis Chemicse Liber.
See GIN^ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 5X7-
See HERMETISCHES Museum, 1785, iii. p. 151.
Lenglet Dufresnoy quotes : Liber de Principiis Naturae et Artis Chimise in 12. Geismarire, 1647,
which presumably is the same book.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic (condemns it as a sophistical hash out of other
HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 271. writings, and without either a beginning or an end).
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. "• P- IX7
PRINCIPIIS (De) Naturae et Artis Aureus Liber.
See HERMETISCHE (Der) PHILOSOPHUS, 1706, p. I.
See AUREUS LIBER.
This is a translation of the foregoing.
PRIVY (The) Seal of Secrets, plainly discovering the first matter of the Philosophers.
See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, 1680, p. 41.
PROBIERBUCH.
See ZIMMERMANN (SAMUEL).
PROBIER Biichlein auff Goldt, Silber, Ertz vnnd Methal, mit vil kostlichen
Alchimistischen Kiinsten, sampt aller zugehor, auch Instrumenten darzu
dienstlich. Mehr des Goldfarbens besondere Kunststiicklin. Item ein
Erklarung der Bergknamen, fiir die neuwen angehenden Bergkleuth. Alles
mit sonderm fleifs fiir die Liebhaber der Kunst beschrieben. Getruck zu
Franckfort am Main, 1574.
8°. Ff. 78. Colophon [i], [i blank]. Title red and black. Vignette and 2
woodcuts.
Colophon : Getruckt zu Franckfort am Meyn, Bey Christian Egenolffs Erben, In
Verlegung D. Adami Loniceri, M. Johannis Cnipij, vnd Pauli Steinmeyers, Im jar
nach der Geburt Christi vnsers Erlosers, M.D.LXXIIII.
Several works on assaying are enumerated by editions of the present work, and a much enlarged
Leupold, and among these are the 1574 and 1608 edition, Nurnberg, 1706, 8°.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromns Ribliotheca metallica, 1732, p. 114.
[Another Copy.]
PROBIER—PROCESSUS 227
PROBIER. Buchlein auff Goldt, Silber, Ertz vnnd Methal, mit vil kostlichen
Alchimistischen Kiinsten, sampt aller zugehor, auch Instrumenten darzu
dienstlich. Mehr defs Goldtfarbens besondere Kunstucklin. Item ein
erklarung der Bergknamen, fur die neuwen angehenden Bergkleuth. Alles
mit sonderm fleifs fiir die Liebhaber der Kunst beschrieben. Gedruckt zu
Franckfort am Mayn, 1580.
8°. Ff. 78. Colophon [i], [i blank]. Title red and black. Vignette of furnaces,
3 woodcuts of furnaces and muffles.
Colophon : Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn, Bey Christian Egenolffs Erben, In
verlegung Adami Loniceri, Johannis Cnipij, Doctor vnnd Pauli Steinmeyers, Im jar
nach der Geburt Christi vnsers Erlosers. M.D.LXXX.
PROBIER Buchlein auff Gold, Silber, Ertz vnd Metall, mit viel kostlichen
Alchimistischen Kiinsten, sampt aller Zugehor, auch Instrumenten darzu
dienstlich. Mehr defs Goldfarbens besondere Kunst Stiicklin. Item ein
Erklarung der Bergknamen, fur die newen angehenden Bergkleuth. Alles mit
sonderm Fleifs fur die Liebhaber der Kunst beschrieben. Cum Gratia &
Priuilegio Caes. Maiest. 1608. Franckfurt am Mayn, bey Sigismundo
Latomo, in verlegung Vincentij Steinmeyers.
8°. Ff. 78. Colophon [i] [i blank]. Title red and black. Altar as vignette.
Woodcuts of furnaces and muffles.
Colophon, f. [79] : Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn, durch Sigismundum Latomum,
in Verlegung Vincentij Steinmeyers, Im Jahr Christi, M.DC.VIII.
This is a reprint of the 1580 edition.
PROBIERBUCHLIN.
See SCHREITTMANN (CIRIACUS).
PROBIER-KUNST.
See KURZE und deutliche Vorstellungen der edlen Probier-Kunst, 1718.
Zwey rare Chymische Tractate darinnen . . . alle Geheimnisse der Probier-
Kunst . . . gar deutlich gezeiget werden . . . 1717.
See BEUTHER (DAVID).
PROBLEMA Chymicum.
See PAYKULL (OTTO ARNOLD VON), 1719.
PROCESS (Ein) auff den Lapidem Philosophorum, aufs einem gar alien Buchlein
eines Scriptoris Anonymi.
See MOLLER (FRIEDRICH), Ternio Reliquiarum Alchymiae, 1618, Sig. Dij.
PROCESSUS Chemici Aliquot.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 755.
PROCESSUS Lapidis Philosophorum ex Mercuric Corporis.
See BERNARDUS TREVISANUS.
PROCESSUS ad Lapidem Philosophorum, Monachi cuiusdam anonymi.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Rosarium Novum Olympicum, pars prima, 1608, p. 79.
PROCESSUS pro tinctura auff den Mercurium Solis und Lunae.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. 1598, p. 123.
228 PROCESSUS— PROSPECTUS
PROCESSUS. Continued.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymiae, 1610; Appendix Tomi Primi,
P- '95-
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 256.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 195.
PROMPTUARIUM Alchemic.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM).
PROPOSITIONES.
Propositiones seu maximae artis Chymicae.
See ARTIS AURIFERAE . . . Volumina, 1610, i. sign, a 5 recto.
Propositiones maximae, seu Satzungen der Gold-Kunst oder Chemiae Artis.
See HILDENBRANDT (PAULUS), Auriferas Artis, . . . Uhralteste Authores, 1608
sign. Avij. recto.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. sign. ):( v. recto ; 1750,
i. sign. X X '• recto.
Propositiones oder Satzungen der Goldtkunst.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 427.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemize Ander Buch, 1614, p. 427.
The preceding are thirteen propositions or maxims about the material suitable for ' the great work of
philosophers,' and are different from the following.
Propositiones xxn. in quibus veritas totius artis Chemiae brevissime com-
prehenditur.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 577.
PROSPECTUS PHARMACEUTICUS GALENICO-CHYMICUS.
Prospectus Pharmaceutici Editio Secunda, sub quo Antidotarium Mediolanense
Galeno-Chimicum Excellentissimi Senatus lussu, ac Spetiali Ven. Collegij
Nobilium Physicorum dictae Ciuitatis ordine olim demandatum loanni
Honorato Castillioneo Regio Protophysico Patri, nunc vero Brandae Francisci
Castillionei a Monterutio, Filij, pariter Physici Collegiati, Caesarei Comitis
Palatini, Almi Collegij Castillionei erecti in Ciuitate Papiae Administratoris, in
Illustrissimo Sanitatis Magistratu Conseruatoris perpetui, ac Regij, & Ducalis
Protophysici Generalis in toto Mediolani Dominio opera, studio, & labore
nouiter emendatum, auctum, & in tres partes diuisum ; Quarum prima com-
plectitur regulas, & tempora Pharmacopolis aptiora ad disponenda ea, quae
ad eorum Officinas conferunt, cum exacta Ponderum, ac Mensurarum vsualium
designatione : Synonymum Alphabeticum ad vberiorem intelligentiam diuer-
sarum denominationum quorumdam Simplicium : Praeparationes turn generates
Pharmaciae, turn peculiares aliquarum Drogarum, Simplicium, Mineralium, nee
non & plurium Medicamentorum Galenicas descriptiones ex Veterum, &
Recentiorum Auctorum editionibus excerptas continet, additis pariter sin-
gulorum facultatibus, dosi, duratione, ac distincta componendi methodo.
Secunda. Mantissam Chimicam Spagiricam Nicolai de Lemmery Physici
Parisiensis Celeberrimi e Gallico in Italicum traductum. Frequentiores, &
selectiores in re Medica Chimicas Praeparationes, componendi modum,
facultates, & dosim.
PROSPECTUS— PRUGGMA YR 229
PROSPECTUS PHARMACEUTICUS GALENICO-CHYMICUS. Continued.
Tertia. Tractatus de Tinctura Coralliorum, Alkaest, & Auro Potabile,
China Chinas, Herba The, Caphe, & Cocolate, quibus accessere Discursus de
nonnullorum Mineralium, Gemmarum, Lapidum, Drogarum, Aromatum, &
Simplicium, Origine, Natura, & Cognitione : pro vt & de Compositis, & Forma
imbalsamandi Humana Corpora; & vltimb de Fuels, alijsque ad Corporis
ornatum facientibus. Opus Medicis, Chimicae Studiosis, Chirurgiae Pro-
fessoribus, & Pharmacopolis perquam vtile, & necessarium. Mediolani,
M.DC.LXXXXVIII. Ex Typographia Caroli losephi Quinti ad Plateam
Mercatorum. Superiorum permissu.
Fol. Pp. [44] 484. Engraved title extra.
Pars Secunda. Lemery, Corso di Chiniica, or Mantissa Chyniica Spagyrica, pp.
[34] 216.
Plate of apparatus. Wants pp. 171-4.
Pars Tertia. Tractatus de Tinctura, [2 blank] 3-118 [2 blank].
PRUGGMAYR (MARTIN MAXIMILIAN).
Scrutinium Philosophicum de vero Elixire Vitae, seu Genuine Auro Potabili
Philosophic©, quo non solum omnes humani corporis morbi quondam sana-
bantur, veriim & immunda, ac leprosa corpora metallorum curabantur. Opus
non minus utile, quam necessarium omnibus artis Hermeticae filijs, in quo
docetur, quid scire, quidque vitare debeat verus Philosophiae Chemicae
Studiosus : ubi quoque exacte potissima enucleantur, quae circa praeparationem
Auri Potabilis Philosophici necessario sunt observanda, neque quidquam
dictum reperitur, quin perspicue, succincte, & ad oculum ex genuinis Philoso-
phorum Adeptorum textibus comprobetur. Singulari studio, & industria non
solum in gratiam Filiorum Hermetis ad intelligendos Philosophorum textus,
verum etiam in emolumentum Celsissimorum Principum, & Magnatum ad
evitandas Pseudo Alchymistarum fraudes, fugiendosque labores Sophistarum
inutiles, cum ingenti bonorum jactura hactenus impensos, compilatum Authore
Martino Maximil. Pruggmayr, Philos. & Medic. Doctore, Physico civitatis
Graecensis Loimico, ac ibidem Practico. Cum Facultate Superiorum.
Salisburgi, Sumptibus Joannis Baptistae Mayr, Typographi Aulico-Academici.
1687.
8°. Pp. [30] 146. Index [6].
Of Pruggmayr the notices are meagre. He was Miscellanea of the Academia Natura Curiosoruin,
born at Voitsberg in Styria, and was a physician at of which society he was admitted a member, 29
Gratz : " Styrioe Ducat, et Civil. Groecensis Physi- May, 1690, with the name Parmenides. The date
cus," says Manget ; and Haller calls him Physicus of his death is not given.
in Styria. He wrote a few papers on medical The book is merely mentioned by Lenglet Du-
topics, and some of them are contained in the fresnoy, Jocher and Gmelin.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriplorum Mtdicorum, Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern CAemie, 1785,
1731, II. i. p. 553. p. 638. (' The author himself commends his book
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie to all students of the hermetic art as absolutely
Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 271. indispensable, and so it may be. Many have
Jocher, Allgemdnes Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. learned the preparation of the stone from it and
col. 1795. practised it successfully.')
Uiichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1788, iv.
Ilistoria, 1755, p. 478, No. 180. p. 168.
Missiv an die hocherleuchtcte BrUderschaft ties Gmelin, Gr \chichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 28.
Ordens des Goldenen und Kosenkreutzes, 1783, p.
122 (calls the ' Scrutiuium ' an extremely rare book).
230 PSSA UTIER—P YROPH1L US
PSEAUTIER (Le) d'Hermophile.
See HERMOPHILE.
PUISIEUX (PHILLIPPE-FLORENT DE).
See LEWIS (WILLIAM), Experiences physiques et chimiques, 1768.
Puisieux was born at Meaux 28 Nov., 1713, was travels, arts and sciences, fiction, among the last
'avocat' of the Parliament at Paris, and did a being Roderick Random and Fielding's Amelia.
great deal of translation from Latin, Italian, and The above work by Lewis is among the very last of
English, sometimes under his own name, but for his numerous versions, for he died in October,
the most part anonymously. The books treated of 1772. The British Museum copy consists of three
various subjects — geography, gardening, medicine, volumes.
Biographic Universelle, 1823, xxxvi. p. 305 ; no Nouvelle Biographie Gfatfrale, 1866, xli. col. 187
date, xxxiv. p. 520 (by Weiss). (says the book is in four volumes).
Qu6rard, La France Litteraire, 1835, vii. p. 373.
PURIS (CHRYSOGONUS DE).
See CHRYSOGONUS DE PURIS.
PUSTEUINEC (IUSTIN).
L'Astrea Chirnica overo Sferza per gl' Alchimisti Sofistici, diuisa in quatro capitoli
Nel primo si dimostra 1' origine, & cause che produssero tal falsa chimica.
Nel secundo gl' occulti inganni che in questa s' essercitano.
Nel terzo li errori che prendono gl' Alchimisti nel legger, & interpretar
1'opinioni, & sentenze de loro Auttori, & particolarmente di quelli lauorano con
1' oro, & argento viuo.
Nel quarto si dimostra se si pub dare tal scienza appreso i veri Filosofi per
sicura, & in che consista.
Dedicata all' Illustrissimo, & Eccelentissimo Signer Marc' Antonio Giustinian
Elleto Ambasciatore per la Serenissima Republica di Venetia in Francia.
In Venetia per Francesco Valuasense 1665. Con licenza de' Superior!.
12°. Pp. 1 2O.
As the dedication of the book is signed lustin than some others, and, though at the beginning of
Pusteuinec, it is assumed that that is the author's his book he directs his criticism against ' sophists,'
name. The book does not occur in the British later on he discourses with skill and sobriety on the
Museum catalogue, so far as I have observed, and truth of the ' magistery ' and the ' portal of the
I have found no mention of the author except by work.'
Borrichius, who says he is more praiseworthy
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 46, No. Ixxvi.
PYROPHILE.
Entretien d' Eudoxe et de Pyrophile.
See TRIOMPHE (Le) Hermetique.
PYROPHILUS.
Das Fundament der Lehre vom Stein der Weisen, 1736.
See KLEFEKER (DETLEF).
Gmelin (Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 316) p. 328) quotes Klefeker, but he was not aware of
quotes Pyrophilus and his book, and (Ibid. , ii. the connection between them.
QUADRATUM 231
QUADRATUM Alchymisticum : Das ist : Vier auserlesene rare Tractatgen vom
Stein der Weisen, Speculum Sapientise, in welchem so wol die Sonnen-
klahrheit von Jesu Christo, als auch die wahre Tinctur der Weisen gelehret
wird : Centrum Naturae Concentratum, welches von dem Wiedergebohrnen
Saltze der Philosophorum handelt : Discursus de Universali, worin viel
Geheimnifs-volle Excerpta von der Universal Tinctur, und Medicin gesammlet
vvorden. Abyssus Alchymise Explorata in welchem die Verwandelung der
Metallen handgreiflich, und leichte von Thoma de Vagan, abgehandelt wird,
zum Dienst der Kunst- und Weifsheit-liebenden Practicorum. Itzo heraus-
gegeben, von Einem Liebhaber verborgener Kiinste. Hamburg, verlegts
Christian Liebezeit. Druckts Philipp Ludwig Stromer, 1705.
8°. General Title, i leaf.
Each tract has a separate title, and signatures, as well as pagination, as follows :
Speculum Sapientiae. Das ist : Ein Buch des Geheimnisses vom Anfang der Welt,
genannt : Der Himmlischen Sonnen-Klahrheit und Geheimnifs von unserm Herrn und
Heiland Jesu Christo. Mit dem Anhang der Goldenen Practica. De Tinctura Lapidis
Physicorum, welches beschrieben im Jahr 1672. den 27. Martij. Hamburg, verlegt
Christian Liebezeit, Druckts Philipp Ludwig Stromer, 1705.
8°. Pp. 54, and picture of an Athanor [i] [i blank].
Centrum Naturae Concentratum. Oder : Ein Tractat. Von dem wiedergebohrnen
Saltz. Insgemein und eigendlich genandt : Der Weisen Stein, in Arabischen geschrieben
von All Puli, einem Asiatischen Mohren, darnach in Portugisische Sprache durch H. L.
V. A. H. und ins Hochteutsche versetzt, und heraus gegeben von Johann Otto Helbig
Rittern, Chur-Furstl. Pfaltzischen Rath, Leib-Medico, und bey der Heidelbergischen
Universitat Professore Publico. Gedruckt im Jahre 1682.
8°. Pp. [2] 80. Symbolical engraving on p. 78.
This contains : Discursus de Universali Martini freund, p. 61. Letztes Testament eines Vaters
de Delle, p. 39. Discursus Philosophicus, p. 49. seinem liebsten Sohne hinterlassen, p. 68. Das
Censura Hermetica, p. 56. Excerpta ex Libro gantze Schema oder Figur, p. 78.
genandt : Amor Proximi, p. 58. Sebastian Sieben-
Abyssus Alchymioe Exploratus (sic) : oder die lang-gesuchte und nunmehro gllicklich
gefundene Verwandelung der Metallen, vermoge des Steins der Weisen, als des
grossesten Geheimniisses, und Wunderwercks der nattirlichen Kunst und kiinstlichen
Natur, umstandlicher und griindlicher, als sonsten jemahls von einem einigen Lapidisten
geschehen ist, von Thoma de Vagan, einem Englischen Adepto, zum Nutzen der
Philosophorum, zu Erweiterung der Metallurgie, und zum Trost derer, die da Knechte
dieses Erbes seyn sollen, gezeiget und beschrieben. Hamburg, verlegts Christian
Liebezeit, 1705.
8°. Pp. [8] 113 [S].
Stimulus Alchymisticus (in verse), pp. 107-113.
Of this work Kopp quotes what appears to be an latter gives the title in Latin, and the date 1705,
edition in Latin, Hamburg, 1705: Quadratum he adds 'en Allemand.' There is probably no
alchymisticum, id est, quatuor tractatus de Lapide Latin edition.
Philosophico, and one in German, 1707, but not The 'Abyssus Alchymiae Explorata' is a trans-
the present German edition. lation of the ' Introitus apertus ad occlusum Regis
Kopp seems to have taken it from Lenglet Palatium,' by Eirenaeus Philaletha (q.v.). tor
Dufresnoy, and not to have noticed that, while the Thomas de Vagan see VAUGHAN (Thomas).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 339.
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 272.
232
Q UADRIGA—Q UA TTRAM1
QUADRIGA Aurifera.
See BARNAUD (NICOLAS).
For works of similar title, see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 340.
QU^STIO an Lapis philosophorum ualeat contra pestem.
See GRATAROLO (o.), Veroe alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 259.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. l8l.
QUATTRAMI (EVANGELISTA).
La Vera Dichiaratione di tutte le Metafore, Sitnilitudini, & Enimmi de gl' antichi
Filosofi Alchimisti, tanto Caldei & Arabi, come Greci & Latini, vsati da loro
nella descrittione, & compositione dell' Oro potabile, Elissire della vita, Quinta
essenza, & Lapis Filosofico. Ove con vn breve Discorso della generatione
de i metalli, & quasi di tutte 1' opere di natura, secondo i principij della
Filosofia, si mostra 1' errore, & ignoranza (per non dir 1' inganno) di tutti gl'
Alchimisti Moderni. Per Frate Evangelista Quattrami da Gubbio dell' Ordine
Eremitano di S. Agostino, Semplicista, & distillatore dell' Illustriss. &
Reuerendissimo Sig. Card, d' Este. Con Licenza de i Superiori. In
Roma, Appresso Vincentio Accolti, in Borgo nouo 1587.
4°. Pp. [24] 230 [i, i blank] [22, 4 blank], Sig. Ii3 verso contains the Registro,
device, and imprint.
What little is known positively about this author
is derived from his own books. He was a native of
Gubbio, in Umbria, flourished at the end of the
sixteenth century, was a doctor of theology, a monk
of the order of Eremites of Saint Augustine, her-
balist of Alfonso the last duke of Ferrara, botanist
or herbalist and distiller of the Cardinal d'Este.
He, therefore, pursued botany and chemistry for
pharmaceutical purposes, very commonly practised
at the time, as is plain from the number of extant
books on distillation, like those of Ulstad, Bruns-
wicke, Evonymus, Eremita and others.
The present work is devoted, however, more to
an exposure of the deceptions of the spurious
alchemists than to chemical preparations.
Besides it he wrote other two which may be
mentioned.
Tractatus perutilis atq. necessarius ad Theriacam,
Mithridaticamq. Antidotum componendam, in quo
habentur solutiones tot controuersiarum que^ inter
celeberrimos viros adhuc viguere circa ea omnia e
quibus Antidota ipsa conficiuntur, necnon & pene
innumerabilium errorum fidelis declaratio in pub-
licae vtilitatis gratiam. Ad serenissimum Alphon-
sum II. Estensem, Ferrarie, &c. Ducem. Auctore
Fratre Evangelista Quatramio Eugubinio, Ordinis
Eremitarum Sancti Augustini, Sacrae Theologiae
Doctore, atq; Serenissimi Ferrarise Ducis Simpli-
cista. Ferrarife, Apud Victorium Baldinum,
Typographum Ducalem. 1597. Veniaa Superiori-
bus concessa. Small 4°, pp. [8] 184 [15, i blank].
Down to p. 132 the book is in Italian, Cap. i.-xi. ;
to p. 182, cap. xii.-xxv. it is in Latin, and the
conclusion and index are in Italian.
The other work is as follows :
Tractatus brevis de Prseservatione & Curatione
Pestis. F. Evangelistoe Quattrami de Agubio,
Ordinis Eremitani S. Augustini, Botanici Illustriss.
& Reverendiss. Cardinalis Estensis, ad Reverendiss.
Patrem Thadda;um Perusinum auctoritate Apos-
tolici ejusdem Ordinis Vicarium generalem dignis-
simum. Rome olim ante xxx. annoseditus. Jam
verb ex Italico Latinus, opera & studio And.
Hiltebrandi, Med. D. 1618. Lipsiae, Impensis Eliae
Rehefeldt & Johannis Grosii. Small 8°, pp. [6] 94
[i, 3 blank].
Of the original Italian, which was apparently
issued at Rome about 1588, I have seen no notice.
For the translator, Hiltebrand of Stettin, see Witte,
Diarii Biographici Tomus Secundus, 1691, p. 47,
Anno 1637, and Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-
Lexicon, 1750, ii. col. 1598.
Notwithstanding the simplicity of the foregoing
facts, the author's name has undergone so many
modifications that confusion has arisen as to his
individuality. The author's own version of his
name seems plain enough, and Borrichius gives it
in the same form, but, so far as I have observed,
it is altered more or less by every one else. He is
called Quattrammo or Quadrami de Agobio by
Borel ; Jacobilli styles him Quadramnus, and this,
which can hardly be anything but a misprint, is
copied by Zedler, Jocher and Rotermund. Kestner
hesitated between Quatrammus and Quadramnus.
Lenglet Dufresnoy in his ' Table alphabetique '
gives Quatrammo or Quadramide, which is an
amazing transformation of Borel's second form by
some ignorant or blundering copyist. Gmelin and
Schmieder call him Quadrammo, but in his index
Gmelin has Quadramnio. In the British Museum
Catalogue the form given is Quadramio, for which
presumably there is authority. I have, however,
found none for spelling the name with a ' d ' ; the
author does not use it, and even in the Italian
verses prefixed to the ' Tractatus perutilis ' the
name is spelled ' Quattr'am'io.'the 'o' being added
for the sake of the play upon the name.
Great as is the confusion over the surname it is
not so gratuitous or misleading as that over the
Christian name. All are agreed about the name
QUA TTRAMI—QUERCETANUS
233
QUATTRAMI (EVANGELISTA). Continued.
Evangelista, but the title Frate, or Frater, con-
tracted to Fr. or F. inaugurated a new series of
divagations for which we are again indebted to
Jacobilli. In one place, p. 99, he has the following
entry : ' Evangelista Quadramnus Eugubinus Ord.
Eremitarum s. Augustini, familiarip Alphonsi,
vltimi Ferrariae Duels, edidit Dichiaratione cli tutte
le Metamorfesi (sic), et Enigmi degli antichi
Filosophi (sic) Alchimisti . . . Roniae an. 1587.
De componenda Teriaca . . . Ferrariae an. 1597.
De praeseruatione, & curatione pestis, in quo Bos-
tannicus (sic) Cardinalis Estensis nuncupatur.
Ferrariae an. 1598. Tractatum contra Alchimistas
cum declaratione Metaphorarum Philosophorum
Caldeorum, Arabicorum.Graecorum, & Latinorum,'
which seems to be merely a Latin version of the
first title. It will be noticed how ingeniously
Jacobilli has fused the 'Metafore similitudini ' of
the original into ' Metamorfesi ' in his transcript.
Not content with this notice, he has another on
p. 120, in which by a stroke of the pen he creates
two new persons : Franciscus Quadramnius Eugu-
binus Ord. Eremit. s. Augustini, edidit Botanicum
de Peste, Lypsii an. 1618 in 8.
The confusion here is unspeakable. Franciscus
is F. or Fr. or may be even Frate, converted into a
Van der Linden, De Serif its Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. i4I.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 191.
Lodovico Jacobilli, Dibliotheca Umbrioe sive de
Scriptoribus Provincice Umbrice, Fulginiae, 1658,
pp. 99, 120.
Lipenius, BUliotktca, realis medica, 1679, pp.
341 b, 450 b.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 264.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 45, No. Ixxv.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. i. p. 556.
Gtmdling, Historic der Gelahrheit, 1736, Theil
iv. p. 5151 (this article is full of confusion, and in
the Index the reference is to ' Quadramnus, Fran-
ciscus ').
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 685.
proper name ; Quadraninius is a further develop-
ment of the original misprint ; ' Bostannicus ' has
it is true, been corrected, but, if it have any mean-
ing at all in the present connection it seems to
denote some author, Botanicus, whose treatise on
the plague was published by Quadramnius ' Lypsiae,'
even that name is not correctly copied, in 1618.
Jocher has actually reproduced this fiction.
He has entries under Quadramnus, both taken
from Jacobilli, one under Evangelista, the other
under Franciscus, both writing about the plague,
both with the date 1618, and yet he does not notice
the confusion. Franciscus wrote ' Botanicum de
peste,' he says, and these double entries are re-
peated by Rotermund.
Schmieder goes a step farther, and assigns the
present work to Francesco Quadrammo, misled
probably by Gmelin's contraction Fr. Evangelista.
From all which one conclusion is that Jacobilli is
not a writer whose accuracy is to be depended
upon.
Boerhaave, however, has none of this blundering.
He assigns the tract on the plague, Lips., 1618, to
Evangelista Quattramius, and says there was an
earlier edition in Italian at Rome about 1590.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1741, xxx. col. 17.
Lenglet Dufrcsnpy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 272.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, ii. p. 878.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751,
iii. col. 1824-25 ; Rptermund's Fortsetzung und
Ergdnzungen, 1819, vi. col. 1091.
Haller, Bibliothcca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 390.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1777, ii.
P- 325-
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 298,
334 (bis).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 295.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 131 ;
1869, ii. p. 126.
J. Wood Brown, An Enquiry into the Life and
Legend of Michael Scot, Edinburgh, 1897, p. 71.
QUERCETANUS (JOSEPHUS).
See AUBERT (JACQUES), De Metallorum ortu . . . explicatio, 1575.
Josephi Quercetani Cons, et Medici Regii Ad Brevem Riolani excursum brevis
Incursio. Marpurgi, Typis Pauli Egenolphi, Typogr. Acad. clo lo CV.
8°. Pp. 47 [i blank]. Vignette.
losephi Quercetani. M. D. Drey Medicinische Tractatlein.
Das erste, ein kurtze Antwort auff Jacobi Auberti Vindonis Aufslegung, vora
Vrsprung vnd Vrsachen der Metallen, wider die Chymicos.
Das andere, von aufsfiihrlicher Eereitung der Mineralien, Thier, vnd Krauter
Artzneyen, wie dieselben Spagyrisch vnd Kiinstlicher weifs, sollen zugeriistet
vnd gebraucht werden.
Das dritte, ein Biichsen-Artzneybtichlein, darinnen aufsfuhrlichen berichtet
wird, wie man die Wunden Spagyrischer weifs curiren vnd heylen soil, welche
234 QUERCETANUS
QUERCETANUS QOSEPHUS). Continued.
durch Fewerbuchsen geschossen vnd herkommen, auch von zuriistung der
Artzneyen so man zu den geschossenen Wunden brauchen soil vnd mufs.
Von weyland dem edlen, weitberiihmten, vnd hochgelehrten Herren Josepho
Quercetano, M. D. Kon. May. in Franckreich Heinrich defs IV. Raht vnd
Leib-Artzt, Lateinisch vnd Frantzosich (sic) beschrieben, an jetzo aber Teutscher
Nation zum besten in die Teutsche Sprach vbergesetzet. Durch M. Thomam
Kefslern, der Spagyrischen Kunst sonderbaren Liebhabern vnd Chymicum,
Burgern zu Strafsburg. Strafsburg, In Verlegung Eberhardi Zetzners, Buch-
handlers. Im Jahr M.DC.XXXI.
4°. Pp. [8] 96 (for 94); 1 17 [4, i blank]. Portrait of Quercetanus. The ' Biichsen-
Tractatlein ' has a separate title-page and pagination, but the signatures run on.
los. Quercetani Cons, et Medici Regii Liber de Priscorum Philosophorum verse
medicinse materia, praeparationis modo, atque in curandis morbis, prsestantia.
Deque simplicium, & rerum signaturis, turn externis, turn internis, seu specificis,
a priscis & Hermeticis Philosophis multa cura, singulan'que industria com-
paratis, atq; introductis duo tractatus. His accesserunt ejusdem los. Querce-
tani de dogmaticorum medicorum legitima, & restituta medicamentorum
praeparatione, libri duo. Itemque selecta quaedam consilia medica, clarissimis
medicis Europseis dicata. Impensis Thomas Schureri & Barthol. Voigt.
Anno M.DC.XIII.
8°. Pp. [21, i blank] 480 [2 blank]. Vignette, with the motto : Pax lusti et
Honor Pietatis.
Senebier quotes an edition, Geneva, 1603, 8°, for which see the note.
losephi Quercetani Medici, Opera Medica : Scilicet, ad lacobi Auberti Vindonis
de ortu & causis metallorum contra Chymicos explicationem, Breuis responsio.
De Exquisita Mineralium, Animalium, et Vegetabilium medicamentorum
Spagyrica pr^paratione & vsu, perspicua tractatio.
Sclopetarius, siue, de Curandis vulneribus, quae sclopetorum & similium
tormentorum ictibus acciderunt, Antidotarium Spagyricum aduersus eosdem
ictus Liber singularis omnibus tarn Philosophis quam Medicis vtilis &
necessarius. Francofurti ad Moenum, Sumptibus Laurentij Alberti, Bibliop.
Lubec. Typis Hseredum Romani Beati. CID ID en.
8°. Pp. [15, i blank] 152, Index [15, i blank],
Senebier quotes an edition of 1600, 8°.
Ad lacobi Auberti Vindonis de Ortu et Causis Metallorum contra Chymicos
Explicationem losephi Quercetani Armeniaci, D. Medici breuis Responsio.
Eiusdem de Exquisita Mineralium, Animalium, & Vegetabilium medica-
mentorum Spagyrica praeparatione & vsu, perspicua Tractatio. Lugduni,
apud loannem Lertotium. M.D.LXXV.
8°. Pp. [16] 186 [13, i blank]. Vignette, with the motto : Omnibus sed paucis luceo.
Responsio ad Aubertum, pp. 1-76.
De Medicamentis spagyric£ prseparandis, pp. 76-186.
QUERCETANUS 235
QUERCETANUS QOSEPHUS). Continued.
Ad lacobi Auberti Vendonis de ortu & causis metallorum contra Chemicos
explicationem ; Ac primum ad ejus Epistolam convitiatoriam, qua Paracelsi-
corum, quos vocat, nonnulla remedia evertere conatur, brevis responsio.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 150.
D. O. M. A. Pharmacopoea Dogmaticorum Restituta pretiosis selectisque Her-
meticorum floribus abunde illustrata. Auctore los. Quercetano Cons, et
Medico Regio. Parisiis, Apud Claudium Morellum via Jacobaea ad insigne
Fontis. M.DC.VII.
4°. Pp. [8] 630 [16]. Engraved title and portrait of Quercetanus extra.
Pharmacopoea dogmaticorum restituta.
See UFFENBACH (PETRUS), Dispensatorium Galeno-Chymicum, 1631.
Le Richezze della Riformata Farmacopea del Signor Giuseppe Quercetano
Medico, e Consiglier Regio. Nuouamente di Fauella Latina trasportata in
Italiana dal Signor Giacomo Ferrari Medico, e Filosofo Mantouano.
Oltre nuoue osseruationi, pensieri gratiosi, vtilissime inuentioni, Auuertimenti
necessarij per la Compositione di molti medicamenti Hermetici: fatiche vera-
mente degne d' esser lette, & rilette da ogni gran Personaggio, & da qualunque
persona, che desidera medicarsi citb, tuto, & iucunde. Et in quest' vltima
impressione corrette, & aggiontoui la Preparatione Spagirica de i Minerali,
Animali, & Vegetabili, & loro vso ; Con vn ristretto de i medicamenti, ch'
appartengono alia Chirurgia dell' istesso Auttore. Tradotta nuouamente da
Gio: Maria Ferro spetiale alia Sanita.
Dedicate Al Molt' Illustre Signor il Signor Vincenzo Mariani Spetiale alia
Vigilanza in Piazza di San Marco. In Venetia, Per il Valuasense,
M.DC.LXXVII. Con Licenza de' Superiori, et Priuilegio.
4°. Pp. [16] 264.
Le Ricchezze della Riformata Farmacopea del Sign. Giuseppe Quercetano
Medico, e Consiglier Regio. Nuouamente di Fauella Latina trasportata in
Italiana dal Sign. Giacomo Ferrari Medico, e Filosofo Mantouano. Oltre
nuoue osseruationi, pensieri gratiosi, vtilissime inuentioni, Auuertimenti
necessarij per la Compositione di molti medicamenti Hermetici : fatiche
veramente degne d' esser lette, & rilette da ogni gran Personaggio, & da
qualunque persona, che desidera medicarsi citb, tuto, & iucunde. Et in quest'
vltima impressione corrette, & aggiontoui la Preparatione Spagirica de i
Minerali, Animali, & Vegetabili, & loro vso ; Con vn ristretto de i medicamenti
ch' appartengono alia Chirurgia dell' istesso Auttore. Tradotta nuouamente
da Gio: Maria Ferro Spetiale alia Sanita. In Venetia, M.DC.LXXXIV.
Per Gio: Francesco Valuasense. Con Licenza de' Superiori.
4*. Pp. [16] 264.
236
QUERCETANUS
QUERCETANUS QOSEPHUS). Continued.
los Quercetani Doct. Medicique Regii. Ad Veritatem Hermeticse Medicinae
ex Hippocratis vetenimque decretis ac Therapeusi : necnon viuse rerum
anatomise exegesi, ipsiiisque natures luce stabiliendam, aduersus cuiusdam
Anonymi phantasmata Responsio. Lutetiae Parisiorum, Apud Abrahamum
Saugrain, via lacobsea, prope S. Benedict!. CID.IDC.IV. Cum Priuilegio Regis
Christianiss.
8°. Pp. [16] 312 ; 68 [2] [2 blank]. MS. Index.
Senebier quotes an edition : Parisite, 1603, 8°.
Joseph Du Chesne, or Duchesne, Latinized into
Quercetanus, was born at 1'Esture, or Esturre, in
Armagnac, in Gascony, about 1544.
Like Quattrami, he affords an instance of a
person out of whose names two individuals have
been constituted. He was styled Sieur de la
Violette, even Patin allows that, and Baron de
Morence et d'Iserable (Senebier), or Lyserable
(Du Maine). Zedler, however, has drawn a dis-
tinction between Sieur de la Violette, the chemist,
who was a protestant, and had quarrels with his
contemporaries, from the Baron de Morence, who
lived in the sixteenth century, was the author of a
surgical treatise [on gunshot wounds, Lyons, 1576,
8°], and believed that he could discover stolen
articles by the divining rod. This distinction was
repeated by Gundling, but there is no authority for
it from La Croix du Maine, on whom apparently
Zedler relies.
Of his early life there is nothing recorded, but he
is said to have spent a long time in Germany,
engaged especially with chemistry. But in one of
the many epigrams upon him, his stay is made out
to have been much shorter. Quercetanus, ' faiseur
de vinaigre,' is made to give a pupil the following
advice how ' to get on ' :
Dedans trois mois en soufflant 1'Alchimie
Tu deuiendras gran docteur medicin
E si pourras pour ceste soufflerie
D'or e d'argent remplir un magazin.
Dehet bon cueur, sachant faire 1'or fin
Autant en droit, comme en Theologie
Te faut uaquer : e uerras a la fin
Tes biens, ton corps, e ton ame perie,
which presumably sums up the charges against
Quercetanus, and defines the estimate which his
opponent had formed of him.
Du Maine is the authority for the statement that
Quercetanus was physician of Frai^ois de France,
Duke d'Alen9on, but he gives no date.
He graduated at Basel about 1573, and in 1575
published his reply to Aubertus' criticism of the
chemists' theory of the origin of metals. By this
work he drew upon himself both rage and ridicule.
Among these attacks may be mentioned that of
Fenotus : Alexipharmacum, sive Antidotus Apolo-
getica, ad virulentias losephi cuiusdam Quercetani
Armeniaci, euomitas in libellum Jacobi Auberti, de
ortu & causis Metallorum contra Chymistas. lo.
Antonio Fenoto Autore. In quo, prater quorundam
Paracelsicorum medicamentorum discussionem,
omnia fere argumeta refelluntur, quibus Chymistae
probare conantur, aurum argentumq ; arte fieri
posse. Addita est in fine Epistola M. Antiti de
Cressonieres, ad eundem Quercetanum. Desinant
maledicere, malefacta ne noscant sua. Basilece ;
no date, but about 1575, 8°, pp. [10] 101
[i blank]. Fenotus' tract is a discussion on the
theory of transmutation, and is of historical interest
as showing what could be said against it at the
time when perhaps it was most in vogue.
The epistle of Antitus de Cressonieres is written
in the macaronic style, and in it Quercetanus and
his alchemical views are simply laughed at. A
number of epigrams follow in the same vein in
Latin, French, Italian, Greek. Quercetanus was,
therefore, not in favour with certain of his contem-
poraries.
He took up his residence at Geneva, the citizen-
ship of which was conferred upon him in 1584.
Then in 1587 he was received into the Council of
the Two Hundred, and, in 1589, was sent along
with De Sillery and De Sancy, ambassadors from
France to Switzerland, to ask assistance and to
prevent the peace which the Bernese wished to
conclude separately with Emmanuel Philibert.
Duke of Savoy. In 1592 he helped to bring about
the terms of the peace which the Republic of
Geneva made with its neighbours. Apparently,
therefore, he was a person of considerable standing
and influence.
The year following, 1593, he went to Paris, and
was appointed physician in ordinary to Henry IV.
and Du Verdier says that he was councillor and
physician to Monseigneur, the king's only brother.
As the result he acquired a wide connection, and
an enhanced reputation.
On the other hand it is said that his vanity and
contempt of other physicians made him disliked
and brought on disputes. Perhaps his attitude was
not altogether without justification, when one
remembers how very humble the Galenic physicians
of the time were and how considerate and friendly
towards the Spagyrists and Paracelsists !
Quercetanus was not prevented by criticism or
controversy from advocating his views and throw-
ing off the shackles of routine and the mere
authority of names. As a chemist who had had a
training which none of the school physicians ob-
tained, he did his best to upset the Galenic physic
in France and to substitute chemical remedies.
He did not succeed in introducing Paracelsus'
doctrines, but he was one who helped to overthrow
the ' old colossus of humorism ' and to inaugurate
the new epoch of iatro-chemistry.
All this was, of course, obnoxious to the Paris
faculty, which ' persecuted him as its most mortal
foe and forbade its members to have any pro-
fessional dealings with him ' ; he had violent
controversies with Riolanus and others, and he did
not hesitate to return without stint the injuries
which were showered upon him.
The embers of these heated discussions took a
long time to cool. Years after his death he was
exhumed and reviled by Gui Patin, who was a
mere child of seven years of age when Quercetanus
died. The whole is so characteristic that it may
be quoted for Patin's benefit :
QUERCETANUS
237
Continued.
QUERCETANUS (JOSEPHUS).
Cette meme anne'e (1609) il mourut ici un
mechant pendard de Charlatan, qui en a bien tue
durant sa vie et apres sa mort par les malheureux
ecrits qu'il nous a laissfe sous son nom, qu'il a fait
faire par d'autres Medecins et Chymistes defa et de
dela. C'est Josephus Quercetanus, qui se faisoit
nommer a Paris le Sieur de la Violette lequel etoit
un grand Charlatan, un grand yvrogne et un franc
ignorant, qui ne savoit rien en Latin et qui n'etant
de son premier Metier, que garcon Chirurgien [a
journeyman-barber] du Pai's d'Armagnac, passa a
Paris et particulierement a la Cour pour un grand
Medecin, parce qu'il avoit appris quelque chose de
la Chimie en Allemagne : je ne vous dirai rien de
ce Monstre davantage. . . . (N. L. i. p. 269).
Metzger, who quotes this, adds : ' May not one ask
Tantae ne animis Galenici irae ? '
Of this piece of coarse humour parts have been
reproduced in other estimates. Boerhaave calls
him ' indoctus homo, et alieno calamo usus'; Eloy
says that some of his works were written for him
by hired writers ; and so the reports spread.
He was a protestant, and that may have been the
reason, says another, of Bayle's favourable notice
of him. But why should Bayle be denied the right
of commending one whom he thought commend-
able even from the alleged motive, when Gui Patin
is not challenged for condemning what his bilious-
ness made condemnable?
Quercetanus was not in advance of his time in
many of his doctrines : he believed in signatures ;
he was one of the first to give an account of the
notion of palingenesis, and he accepted the philo-
sopher's stone and transmutation as a matter of
course.
It is said that he had some glimmering idea of
uric acid, and may have come across phosphorus.
In certain diseases he prescribed ' Mercurius dulcis,"
under the name of ' Panchimagogue,' made up in
pills known as ' Pillules de M. de la Violette.'
His death took place in 1609. His wife was a
grand-daughter of the celebrated scholar Gulielmus
Budseus.
Quercetanus' efforts were not limited to diplomacy,
medicine and controversy, but he ventured on the
construction of a tragi-comedy, and composed a
good many poems. The following are mentioned :
' La Morocosmie ou de la folie, vanitd et incon-
stance du Monde,' Lyon, 1513, 1601 ; ' La grand
Miroir du Monde,' Lyon, 1584; 'Poesies chresti-
ennes,' Geneva, 1594, and his poetic talent has
teen reckoned as of no mean order by Chdreau.
Possibly his poetry has stood Time's ordeal better
than either his medicine or his chemistry.
Several works on medicine came from his pen,
of which the following may be mentioned in addi-
tion to the above :
Sclopetarius, sive de curandis vulneribus quoe
sclopetorum ictibus acciderunt, Lugd. , 1576, 8°,
pp. [20] 209 [t blank] [13, i blank]. This was
translated into French, Lyon, 1576.
Liber de priscorum Philosophorum veroe medi-
Draudius, Bibliotheca classica, 1625, pp. 877,
900, 905, 907, 921, 937, 945, 946, 964, 969, 971,
987, 997-
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 317.
Ludovicus Jacob a Sancto Carolo, Bibliographia
Parisina, hoc est: Catalogns omnium librorum
Parisijs, Annis 1647 (r 1648, inclusive excusornm,
Paris., 1649, p. 38.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 192.
cinae materia, prseparatienis modo, atque in
curandis morbis, pnestantia. D£que simplicium,
& rerum signaturis . . . duo tractatus . . . de
dogmaticorum medicorum legitima, & restituta
medicamentorum praeparatione, libri duo . . .
consilia medica, clarissimis medicis Europaeis
dicata. S. Gervasii, M.DC. III. 8°, pp. [241432.
Dineteticon Polyhistoricon, Paris., 1606,8°; Lip-
siae, 1607 ; excudebat David Anastasius, 1607,
8°, pp. 418 [2], without place.
Tetras gravissimorum totius capitis affectuum,
Marburgi, 1606, 8°.
Spagirica, . . . grundliche Beschreibung der
Mineralischen, Animalischen vnd Vegetabilischen
Artzneyen, derselben rechten Gebrauch vnd Spa-
girische Bereitung, . . . durch . . . lohannem
Cupium Borussum, ... ins Deutsche transferiret.
Hall, M.DC. VIII. 8°, Sigs. A to H in eights,
14. This is different from Kessler"s translation
above.
Pestis Alexicacus, Paris, 1608, 4°; Lips., 1609,
8°, pp. [16] 461 [i blank] [25, i blank].
Conseils de Medecine, dediez aux plus celebres
Medecins de 1'Europe, Paris, 1626, 8 , pp. 316 [i,
3 blank].
Quercetanus redivivus, seu Ars medica hermetica,
ex Quercetani scriptis digesta opera Johan. Schrodi,
Francof. , 1648, 3 vols. , 4°.
Recueil des plus curieux et rares Secrets touchant
la Medecine Metallique & Minerale tirez des Manu-
scripts, de feu Mre loseph Du Chesne, Paris, 1648,
8°, pp. [8, including an engraved title-page and
portrait] 370 [13, i blank].
Two or three of his books were translated into
English :
The Sclopetarie of J. Quercetanus ... or his
booke containing the cure of Wounds received by
shot of gunne or such like engines of warre. Pub-
lished into English by J. Hester. London, 1500.
8° ; and the edition along with Paracelsus' ' A
hundred and foureteene experiments and cures,'
London, 1596. small 4°, pp. [16] 82; and with
Penotus, London, 1642, small 410.
A Breefe Aunswere of Ipsephus Quercetanus
Armeniacus, Doctor of Phisick to the exposition
of lacobus Aubertus Vindonis, concerning the
original, and causes of metalles, set foorth against
chimists. Another exquisite and plaine Treatise of
the same Josephus, concerning the Spagericall
preparations, and vse of minerall, animall and
vegitable Medicines. Whereunto is added divers
rare secretes not heeretofore knowne of many.
By John Hester, practitioner in the Spagericall
Arte. London, 1591, small 8°, ff. [3] 61 [5]T The
second tract has a separate title-page, but the folio
numbers run on consecutively.
The Practise of Chyrnicall and Hermeticall Phy-
sicke for the presentation of health . . . translated
by Thomas Timme. 2 parts. London, 1605, 4°.
ff.[5][97l.
The method of preparing certain of his remedies
is given by GREIKF (Friederich) (q.v.);
Lipenius Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, 99^,
iiSa, lyja, 140^, 2060, 260^, 276^, 317^, 341^,
348^, 415^, &c.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 710.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 369 (cap. xi. 5) ; p. 134
(add. iii. 37, 3).
Bayle, Dictionnaire historique et critique, 1730,
ii. p. 156.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 778, 779, 780, 872.
238
Q UERCE TANUS—Q UINC Y
QUERCETANUS QOSEPHUS). Continued.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus BibliotheccB metallicce,
1732, p. 115.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. pp. 394 (Palm-
genesis), 403.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1733, v. col. 2096 ;
1741, xxx. col. 201.
Gundling, Historic der Gelahrheit, 1734, Th. ii.
p. 2974 (makes two distinct persons of him).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 686.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermitique, 1742, iii. pp. 50, 272-273.
Petrus a Castro, Bibliotheca medici eruditi, Ber-
gomi, 1742, p. 34 (' eruditissimus Quercetanus').
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, ii. pp. 598, 695, 726, 871, 968.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1832 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1123.
Goujet, Bibliotheque Francoise ou Histoire de la
Littdrature Francoise, 1752, xiv. pp. 103-110.
More'ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique et
critique, 1759, VIII. ii. p. 677 (list of his works).
Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medi-
corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 268.
Portal, Histoire de V Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, iv. p. 61.
Haller, Biblioiheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 353.
Les Bibliotheques Francoises de La Croix du
Maine et de Du Verdier, ed. Rigolet de Juvigny,
1772 (du Maine), ii. p. 5 ; 1773 (Du Verdier), ii. p. 545.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 233 ;
I77S. »• P- 601-
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
p. 201.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine,
1778, i. p. 609 ; 1755, ii. p. 307 (praised on the
whole).
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 105.
Jean Senebier, Histoire LitttSraire de Geneve,
1786, iv. pp. 40-43.
Job. Dan. Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen
Literargeschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 230, § 196 ;
p. 236, § 201 ; Zusdtze und Verbesserungen, 1796,
p. 128 (quotes Patin's criticism).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 281-
285.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1813, ix. p. 245.
Biographie Universelle, 1814, xii. p. 108 ; 1852,
xi. p. 389 (article by Weiss).
Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), ii. p. 237.
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors) i.
220 e.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii.
pp. 214, 216, 257, 539-544.
Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i.
p. 170.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 27-
28 ; 1869, pp. 24-25.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 90,
no; 1844, ii. pp. 6, 114, 230, 243; 1845, *»• P- 42I
1847, iv. pp. 104, 192.
J. H. Reveille"-Parise, Lettres de Gui Patin, 1846,
i. p. 509.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p.
282.
Haag, La France Protestante, 1852, iv. pp. 360-
363-
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, i.
p. 386.
Nouvelle Biographie Gtndrale, 1855, xiv. col. 951.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, pp. 209, 345, 427, 571.
Mayer, Geschichte der Botanik, 1857, iv. p.
431-
~La.&ra.gue,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 579 (reply to Aubertus).
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 116.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1883, iv. p. 657 (Le
Ricchezze, 1684) ; 2nd series, 1900, v. p. 536 (1646
edition), 1890, xi. p. 946.
Dictionnaire Encyclopddique des Sciences Midi-
cales, icre SeYie, 1884, xxx. p. 628 (article by A.
CheYeau).
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1885, ii.
p. 5 (by Max Salomon).
QUINCY (JOHN).
Pharmacopee Universelle Raisonne'e, oil 1'on trouve la Critique des principales
Preparations qui sont dans les Boutiques des Apothicaires, la maniere de
decouvrir celles qui sont sophistiquees, & les Re'gles qu'il faut suivre pour
composer des Formules destinies a etre garddes ou mises en usage sur le
champ. Par M. Quincy, Medecin de Londres, Traduite de 1'Anglois sur la
onzieme edition Augmente'e de beaucoup, & corrige'e par M. Clausier,
Medecin de Paris. A Paris,
D'Houry, Pere, Imprimeur & Libraire de Monseigneur le Due d'Orle'ans,
rue vieille Bouclerie, au bas du Pont S. Michel.
Ch. Jean-Bapt. Delespine, Imprimeur & Libraire ordinaire du Roy, rue
S. Jacques, a la Victoire & au Palmier.
Laurent d'Houry, Fils, Libraire, rue vieille Bouclerie, au bas du Pont
S. Michel, au Saint Esprit.
M.DCC.XLIX. Avec Approbation et Privilege du Roy.
4°. Pp. [6] xvij [i] 490 [for 498] 516. Tables pp. [60], Three plates of symbols.
Chez
QUINCY—QUIRICUS DE AUGUSTIS
239
QUINCY (JOHN). Continued.
The date of Quincy's birth is not recorded, but it
is said that he began life as an apothecary's
apprentice, and afterwards practised medicine as
an apothecary. In 1717 he published a ' Lexicon
Physico-medicum,' which went through a number
of editions, the last appearing in 1811. In 1718
appeared his ' Pharmacopoeia officinalis," the four-
teenth edition of which bears date 1769. His
attack on Dr. Woodward came out in 1719, in the
reply to which he was vilified in turn. Then in
1720 and in 1721 he published his edition of Hodges'
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxx. col. 272.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, i. pp. 334, 483, SSi ; ii. p. 941, &c.
Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, iv. p. 540.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, 11. p. 151.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 220.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la MMecine,
1778, iv. p. 14.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. no.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv.
p. loo.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii, pp. 380,
401.
Fuchs, Reperlorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 239, 242, 266.
Rotermund, Forlsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu
. . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, vi.
col. 1144.
book on the plague and his Medical Essays, in
which it is said he showed no skill about the
diseases, but only about the compounding of the
prescriptions. He died in 1722.
After his death Peter Shaw edited and published
his ' Praelectiones Pharmaceuticae," with a preface
about him, and in 1725 appeared his translation of
Albertus Magnus' work, ' De Secretis Mulierum.'
He was a student of mathematics, and was
created M.D. by the University of Edinburgh for
his translation of the 'Aphorisms ' of Sanctorius.
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors)
ii. 786 h.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mfdc-
cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 772.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicalc, 1855, ii.
p. 428.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apoiheker,
1855, pp. 279, 346, 587.
Nouvelle Biographic Gencrale, 1862, xli. col. 352.
Dictionnaire encyclopidique des Sciences Medi-
cales, 3eme Serie, 1874, i. p. 188.
Pauly, Bibliographic des Sciences Mcdicales,
1874, coL 1385.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerztc oiler Zeiten und Vdlker, 1886, iv. p.
650.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 952.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlvii.
p. 112.
QUINQUAGENTA Septem Canones de Opere Physico.
See PENOTUS (BERNARDUS GEORGIUS).
QUINTA ESSENTIA.
De quinta essentia vini pulcherrimus Tractatus.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, 1598, Tractatus Hi., p. 216.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemize Ander Buch, 1614, p. 368.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 322.
See [SCHATZ und Kunst Kammer], p. 378.
QUIRICUS DE AUGUSTIS DE THERTONA.
Lumen Apothecariorum.
See MANLIUS DE BOSCHO (JOANNES JACOBUS), Luminare Majus.
Quiricus de Augustis lived, according to Justus,
about 1495, and was ' Medicinae Doctor Subtilis-
simus.' The book was printed along with the
' Luminare Majus,1 the best edition being that
edited by Nicolaus Mutonus.
Wolfgang Justus, Chronologia sive temporum
supputatio omnium illustrium Medicorum, Fran-
coph. a. V., 1556, p. 129.
Paschalis Callus, Bibliotheca Medica, Basil., 1590,
p. 265.
Spachius, Nomenclator Scriptorum Medicorum,
1591, p. 185 (calls him Quintus de Augustis de
Torthona).
Numerous editions of the Lumen Apothecariorum
are extant : Augsburg, 1486, fol. ; Venice, 1495,
1504, 1517, fol. ; revised by Mutonus with Manilas'
Luminare, Lyons, 1536, 4° ; Venice, 1551, 1556,
1561.
Joh. Georg. Schenckius, Biblia latrica, Francof.,
1609, p. 460 (editions of 1528 and 1556).
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 928.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, 1. i. p. 187 (' Medicinae doctor subtilissimus ').
Van der Linden, DC Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1737. P- 4".
240
QUIRICUS DE AUGUSTIS
QUIRICUS DE AUGUSTIS DE THERTONA. Continued.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 64.
Stolle, Kurtze Nachricht von den Biichern und
deren Urhebern in der Stollischen Bibliothec, 1741,
Th. xiii. p. 407.
Mazzuchelli, Gli Scrittori d' Italia, 1762, II. iii.
p. 1826 (gives a list of the writings of Giovanni
Jacopp Manlio dal-Bosco, Alessandrino, Medico, e
Botanico, and mentions the Lyons, 1528, edition,
specifying the Lumen Apothecariorum of Quiricus
de Augustis).
Joseph-Franfois Carrere, Bibliotheque Litttraire,
historique et critique de la Mtdecine andenne et
moderne, Paris, 1776, i. p. 254 (calls him Cyr de
Augustis de Thertona, and quotes the Lumen,
Venet. Oct. Scotus, 1517, fol. Lugd., 1736, 4°,
revised by Mutonus).
Adelung, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu . . .
Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1784, i. col.
1254.
Panzer, Annales Typographic, 1795, iii. p. 498,
No. 2811.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 167
(calls him ' de Tortona,1 and gives a list of the
editions).
Hain, Repertorium Bibliographicum, 1826, i.
Nos. 2116-2122.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apothckcr,
1855, p. 408.
R. . . .— R. (I. M.}. 241
R. . . .
Zwey alte Denkmaale Deutscher Filosofen von der Alchymie, mit Anmerkungen
von R. . . . aufs neue herausgegeben.
See SCHRODER (F. j. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1773, H. i. pp. 345, 379.
R. (J.) H.
See RIST (JOHANN), Holsatus.
R. (J. M. D.).
See RICHEBOURG (JEAN MAUGIN DE).
R. (M. S. D.).
See LIMOJON DE SAINT-DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE).
R. (S.), i.e. Renatus (Sincerus).
See RICHTER (SAMUEL).
R. (I. L. D.), i.e. Jean Lucas de Roy, Medecin Boleducois.
See BEGUIN (JEAN).
R. E. I. D.
See EGLINUS ICONIUS (RAPHAEL).
R. H. C.
See HOLLANDUS (ISAAC).
R. (I. M.).
Die gantz neue eroffnete Pforte zu dem Chymischen Kleinod oder einige
vornehmste Chymische Arcana, aus unterschiedlichen zum Theil aus dem
Lateinischen allhier ins Teutsche iibersetzten Manuscriptis der beriihmtesten
Chymicorum, desgleichen mancherley Scheidungs-Arten der Medallen, nebst
einem Haupt-raren Medicinischen Arcanis, so niemahlen so deutlich und
getreulich heraus gegeben worden, alles mit Fleifs und getreuer Hand
zusammen getragen, und alien curieusen Chymicis, I-aboranten, Gold-
Scheidern, Schlagern und Schmieden zum besten im Druck heraus gegeben,
von I. M. R. Niirnberg, bey Johann Friedrich Riidiger, 1728.
12°. Pp. 264, frontispiece included.
Ladrague, Ribliothlque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secrites, 1870, No. 1451.
II. Q
242 RACHAIDIBI— RADIX
RACHAIDIBI.
See KALID RACHAIDIBI.
RACHAIDIBI, VERADIANUS, RHODIANUS, KANID.
De materia philosophici lapidis fragmentum.
See ARTIS AURlFERjE . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 255.
See GIN/ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 573-
See GEBER, Summa Perfectionis, 1682, p. 270.
Schreiben von der Materia Lapidis.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 344; 1750, i.
p. 418.
See GEBER, Chymische Schrifften, 1751, p. 248.
See GEBER, Commentaria iiber Gebers Werke, 1792, p. 286.
Of these four persons, who are termed cpllec- also by Van der Linden ; as Rachaidiba and
lively ' Philosophers of the King of the Persians,' Rachaidibse in Geber, while more recent authorities
nothing definite is known, even if they ever treat the word as a genitive and call him
existed. The name of the first appears variously Rachaidib, and Rachaidibus. The forms Raidabi
as Rachaidibi in the Ars Aurifera: 'Dixit and Rachiadabi, given by Nazari, seem to be
Rachaidibi filius Zetheibidae Philosophus Regis merely misprints. Whether or not he be identical
Persarum et Principis Romanorum,' and is so given with Kalid Rachaidibi I do not know.
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione metallica Sogni ire, Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
I599, PP- 137. r43- Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 227, 468 ; iii. pp. 37, 171.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 130.
I637, p. 412. Schmieder, Geschichte derAlchemie, 1832, p. 105.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 194. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 335 ;
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 929. 1866, i. p. 354.
Reyher, Dissertatio de Nttmmis . . . ex chymico 'La&r3i.gvie,BibliothequeOuvarqff',Sciences Secretes,
melallo factis, 1692, p. 96. 1870, No. 668.
RADIUS AB UMBRA.
See GIN/ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 368.
RADIX Chymiae. oder Wurtzel des Universals, anweisend die ware Materiam
Universalis, dessen Preparation, Mittel, Anfang und Ende. Auffs klar-
und deutlichste angewiesen durch G. M. B. D. S.
Grofs sind die Werck defs Herrn, der ihr achtet hat eitel lust daran.
Anno M DC LXXX.
8°. Pp. 1-32.
At p. 33 the Appendix begins with the following title-page :
Appendix ad faciliorem Radicis Chymise intellectum.
I. Introductio Generalis Chymica, cum Dictis Philosophorum, ex libro
Aureae Rosae.
II. Dicta Alani.
III. Anonym! Tractatus Philosophicus ad rubrum et album. Editore Joachimo
Tanckio, M.D.
IV. Processes Lapidis Philosophorum ex Mercuric Corporis, juxta doctrinam
Bernhardi Comitis Trevisani.
PP- 33-J59 [i blank].
The tracts have the following titles : Dicta Alani, p. 84.
Introductio generalis Chymica, in die hohe und Tractatus Philosophicus ad rubrum et album
tieffe Erkantnufs und verstandnufs der uralten Anonymi, p. 108.
furtrefflichsten und hochsten Medicin des grossen Processus Lapidis Philosophici, ex Mercurio
wundertbatigen Universal-Steins der Weisen, und Corporis confecti, cum Practica Bernhardi Comitis
der Signaturos naturalis, seines von Gptt durch die Trevisani maxime conveniens, p. 123.
Natur beschaffenen gewissen subject! debiti, oder Mantissa Anonymi in gratiam Cupidi Lectoris,
Materiae ex qua, p. 35. p. 153.
Dicta Philosophorum ex Lib. Rosas Aurere, p. 66.
[Another copy of the APPENDIX only.]
RATZEL— RAMSA Y 243
RATZEL.
See v. (j. R.), Giildene Rose.
See THEOPHILUS, Mineralogia, 1703, 1706, p. 458.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL).
See JENIGMA.
See PHILOSOPHISCHES RATZEL.
See PHILOSOPHICAL RIDDLE.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 157, 293, 351.
RAMELOVIUS (MATTHIAS).
Kurtze Beschreibung der Sawerbrunnen, zu Wildungen in der Graffschafft
Waldeck : wie man dieselben mit Nutzen zur preservation vnd curation
beydes jnnerlich vnd eusserlich gebrauchen soil. Auff Gnadigen Befehl der
Hoch Wolgebornen Graffen zu Waldeck &c. Durch Matthiam Ramelovium,
Medicinae Licent. vnd Grafflich-Waldeckischen Hofif Medicum in Truck
verfertiget
Fernelius lib. 4. method, med.
Nullus affectus in nobis subsistere potest, cui non contrarium pariter
remedium protulerit natura : Nulla usq; penuria est remediorum,
sed nostra eorum turpis ignorantia.
Cassel, Druckts Salomon Schadewitz, dero Vniversitat Buchdrucker,
In Verlegung Johann Schiitzens. Anno M.DC.LI.
8°. Pp. 152.
Ramelov, or Ramlpv, was a licentiate in medi- des Pyrmonter Sauerbrunnens wie auch des Hof-
cine and court physician to Count Waldeck, at geifsmarischen Heilbrunnens in Hessen nebst
whose request he printed the present book. By seinem Bericht von denen Tugenden des Wildun-
Rotermund he is called Brunswick physician at ger Biers, Marpurg, 1682, 8°, edited by George
Clausthal. Schultze.
It was published again at Cassel in 1664, and it He wrote : Ortus et occasus calculi renuin, oder,
appears in the lists with a different title : Speculum Beschreibung des Nieren-Steins . . . Leipzig, 1679,
acidularum Wildungensium, das ist, Beschreibung 8°, and several tracts on the plague, mentioned by
des Sauerbrunnens zu Wildungen. It was printed Haller.
also with Georg Bolmann's work : Beschreibung
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, PP- co'- J889 '• Rotermund's Fortsetzung tind Ergdnz-
760 ('Ortus . . . calculi renum,' 1679), 491^ ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1302.
('speculum acidularum,' 1651, 1664); (calls him Portal, Histoire deVAnatomie et de la Chirurgie,
Ramlovius and Ramelovius). 1770, Hi. p. 567.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothec<z metallicce, Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 439.
1732, p. 116. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practicce, 1779, iii.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxx. col. 741. p. 199.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 785.
1751, ii. pp. 622, 748, 900. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii. p. 555 (Wildungen spring).
RAMSAY (CHARLES ALOISIUS).
See KUNCKEL (JOHANN), Utiles Observationes, 1678.
The father, Charles Ramsay, who was probably Tacheographia, seu ars celeriter et compendiose
of Scotch descent (' Nobilis Scotus ' he is termed), qurelibet inter perorandum verba, ut ne unum
was living in Prussia in the seventeenth century, quidem excidat describendi, in Latin and French,
and died at Klbing in 1669. The son, Charles Paris, 1683. He translated the above work of
Aloys, or Louis, as he is called by French biogra- Kunckel's, and prefixed to it an epistle to the
phers, may have been born there, and in after-life Royal Society, in which he praises the society and
devoted himself to medicine and chemistry, but was exalts the importance of chemistry. It is dated :
best known for having introduced a system of FrancofurtiadMoenum.ipsisnundinisautumnalibus
shorthand writing which became very popular, Anno 1677.
and the description of which, first pub'ished in It also contains a list of the Council and Fellows
1678 in Latin, went through many editions, and of the Royal Society as at 30 Nov., 1677.
was translated into French and German : — Recent enquiries by Fischer necessitate some
244
RAMS A Y—RA TTRA Y
RAMSAY (CHARLES ALOISIUS). Continued.
modification of the preceding. It seems to be
uncertain if he were actually the son of Charles
Ramsay, town-councillor at Elbing, inasmuch as
the historians of that place make no mention of
him, though they refer to other persons of the
name. He lived in Germany, but it is curious that
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 139.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731,
II. ii. p. 35.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1894 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1314.
Biographic Universelle, 1824, xxxvii. p. 58 ; no
date, xxxv. p. 158 (article by Weiss).
Nouvelle Biographic Generate, 1862, xli. col. 566.
though the present translation is dated from
Frankfurt a. M. the book was published at London
and Rotterdam.
The treatise on shorthand originally appeared as
a series of articles in a newspaper in Frankfurt,
collected and published afterwards in 1678.
John Westby-Gibson, The Bibliography of Short-
hand, London, 1867, p. 184. (For some references
to tachygraphy, see Joh. Joachim Becher, Ndrr-
ische Weifsheit und weise Narrheit, 1682, p. 73 ;
Heumann, Conspectus Rcipublicae lite rariae, Hano-
verae, 1763, cap. iii. § 10, p. 41.)
Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlvii.
P- 239.
Th. A. Fischer, The Scots in Germany, Edin-
burgh, 1902, p. 233.
RARES Experiences sur 1'Esprit Mineral.
See RESPOUR (P. M. DE), 1668.
RARE physicalische und andere Fragen beantwortet ein Liebhaber der her-
metischen Kiinste. Frankfurt und Leipzig.
8°. Pp. [8] 55 [i blank]. [The bottom of the title-page has been cut off, and the
date 1756 has been added in manuscript.]
Curious questions and as curious answers. They
resemble somewhat the so-called Problemata attri-
buted to Aristotle. The querist did not always
know what to ask, and still seldomer knew what
to reply. Among the answers are definitions or
explanations of certain terms used in the hermetic
chemistry, such as 'Mercurius philosophorum,1
'Sulphur philosophorum,' ' Antimonium.' At the
same time the author had some practical know-
ledge, as is evinced by his description of the
preparation of fulminating gold.
RASES.
See RHAZES.
RATTRAY (SYLVESTER).
Aditus novus ad occultas Sympathise et Antipathise Causas inveniendas.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. I.
Rattray's biography is meagre, and all that
seems to refer to him has been collected in Dr.
Finlayson's paper.
He was apparently a Forfarshire man, connected
with an old family of Rattray. He was probably
the person who matriculated in arts or philosophy
at St. Andrews, 4 Feb., 1641, graduated in 1644,
and studied medicine and graduated in it at a
foreign university. In 1652 he was a doctor of physic
when his marriage is recorded ; and he settled in
Glasgow in 1657, when the evidence of his degree
was examined by a committee of the Faculty of
Physicians and Surgeons.
In 1658 the book on Sympathy, dedicated to
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 679
(only the 1660 reprint).
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 985.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 36.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1741, xxx. col. 1019.
(His name is just mentioned with the title of the
book, but no place or date is given.)
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1921 (' Ratrajus, or Ratray, or also a Rattray
(Sylvester), a physician and philosopher in Scot-
land').
Scot of Scotstarvet, was printed by Andrew
Anderson at Glasgow. It was reprinted at
Tubingen in 1660, and in the Theatrum Sym-
patheticum, 1662, 4°, as above, but not in that of
1660, as Gmelin affirms.
In 1666 he brought out his Prognosis Medica,
dedicated to Sir John Wedderburn, printed by
Robert Sanders, Glasgow.
The date of his death is not mentioned. He had
a son of the same name, who entered the Univer-
sity here, Feb. i, 1680, and was probably the
Sylvester Rattray Scotus whose name appears in
the album of the University of Leyden, Mar. 19,
1689, as a student of medicine.
Portal, Histoire de VAnatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1773, VI. ii. p. 816 (the Tubingen edition and that
in the Theatrum}.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1779, iii.
p. 69 (' Plurima fabulosa').
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 659
(Glasgow, 1658, 8°; Tubingen, 1660, 12°; Nori-
berg., 1660, 12° ; 1662, 4°).
The Chronicle of Fife ; being the Diary of John
Lamont of Newton, Edinburgh, 1810, p. 51.
(" 1652, May. — Mr. Sylvester Rattray, a doctor of
physicke, ane Angus man borne, married . . .
RA TTRA Y—RECHTE
245
RATTRAY (SYLVESTER). Continued.
Ingells, Kynggasks daughter ; the marriage feast
stood in Cuperof Fyfe, at her fathers house there.")
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors)
ii. 792 b.
Analecta Scotica, 1837, Second Series, pp. 127,
129.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 247 ;
1869, ii. p. 229.
Anderson, The Scottish Nation, 1863, iii. p. 733
(gives an account of the family called Rattray, but
RAYMUNDUS.
See LULLIUS (RAYMUNDUS).
The famous alchemist is often referred to under his first name only, and he appears under it some-
times also in alphabetical indices.
merely mentions Sylvester as the author of the two
books).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1890, xi. p. 1028.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlvii.
p. 312.
Dr. James Finlayson, ' Dr. Sylvester Rattray,
author of the treatise on Sympathy and Antipathy,
Glasgow, 1658,' in Janus, Archives Internationales
pour P Histoire de la Mtdecine et la Gtographie
Mtdicale, Livraisonsxi., xii., Novembre-Decembre,
1900.
To the authorities already quoted may be added :
Symphorianus Champerius, Libelli duo. Primus
de medicine Claris scriptoribus, no place and date
(Lyons, 1506?), f. xxix. verso.
Gesner, Bibliotheca Vniuersalis, Tiguri, 1545,
f. 579 verso.
Wolfg. Justus (Jobst), Chronologia, sive temporum
supputatio, omnium, illustrium Medicorum, Fran-
cophorti ad V., 1556, p. 108.
Paschalis Gallus, Bibliotheca Afedica, Basil.,
1590, p. 267.
Spachius, Nomenclator Scriptorum Medicorum,
1591, PP- 32, 38> S8, 59-
Joan. Georg. Schenckius, Biblia latrica, Francof. ,
1609, p. 462.
G. Cojletet, 'La Vie de Raymond Lulle,' pp.
207-252, in La Clavicule ou la Science de Raymond
Lulle. Avec toutes les Figures de Rhetorique. Par
le Sieur lacob. Et la Vie du mesme Raymond
Lulle, par Monsieur Colletet. A Paris, chez
Michel Bobin, au Palais, au troisieme Pillier de la
grand-Salle, a 1'Esperance. M.DC.LV. Avec
Privilege du Roy. 8°, pp. [28, and a folding
table] 252 [4].
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apothtker,
1855, PP. 399. 425-
Verbum Abbreviatum Fratris Raymundi de leone viridi.
See BACON (ROGER), De Arte Chymias Scripta, 1603, p. 264.
REALIA.
Die entdeckten requisita realia.
See SINCERUS, 1723.
REBIS.
Von dem Rebis einem Stein.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. (1598), p. 191.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemize, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi,
P- 334-
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 305.
See [sCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 334.
Lapis Alberti Magni Rebis.
See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 273.
The word 'Rebis' is one of the many names of Francis Anthony also wrote a tract on Rebis ;
' the stone,' and definitions of it are given by see under ANTHONY (FRANCIS).
various writers.
Richardus Anglicus, Correctorium, 1581, f. 29 Pernety, Dictionnaire Mytho-Hermetique, 1758,
verso. p. 426.
Maier, Symbola Aurete Mensce, 1617, p. 461. Schmieder, Geschichte der A khemie, 1832, p. 309.
Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 94, Stanislas de Guaita, Essais de Sciences Maudites.
I. Au Seuil du Mysttre, 1890, p. 130.
RECHTE (Der) Grundt vnnd Fundament aller naturlichen und vbernatiirlichen
Dingen.
See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. i.
246 RECHTE—RECONDITORIUM
RECHTE (Der) Weg zu der Hermetischen Kunst, vor die Lehrbegierigen Schiller
und Liebhaber dieser Wissenschaft, Nebst verschiedenen Anmerkungen iiber
das betriigliche Verfahren der sogenannten Sophisten und ihrer Irrwege
herausgegeben von Anonymo. Franckfurt und Leipzig, bey Johann Georg
Fleischer. 1773.
8° Pp. 104.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1504.
Aus dem Rechten Wege zu der hermetischen Kunst.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. c., 1779, "• P- 17S-
RECHTEN (Von dem) wahren Philosophischen Stein : zwolff Tractatlein.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL).
RECHTER Gebrauch d'Alchimei, mitt vil bifsher verborgenen, nutzbaren vnnd
lustigen Kiinsten, Nit allein den furwitzigen Alchimismisten (sic), Sender alien
kunstbaren Werckleutten, in vnd ausserhalb feurs. Auch sunst aller
menglichen inn vil wege zugebrauchen. Die Character, Figiirliche bedeut-
tungen, vnd namen der Metall, Corpus vnd Spiritus. Der Alchimistischen
verlateineten Worter aufslegung. Register am volgenden blat.
4°. Ff. xxvii. Vignette of a jeweller's shop. Colophon: M.D.XXXI. Wants f. xx.
To all appearance this book was printed at name : Kiinstbtichlin, Augspurg, 1537, 4°, again in
Frankfurt a. M. by Christian Egenolph. The 1538, and repeatedly thereafter in whole or in part,
authorship of it has been assigned by Schmieder to in various collections of receipts, as in that of
George Agricola, the metallurgist, but there is lack KERTZENMACHER (q.v.) : Alchimia. Wie man alle
of evidence in support of this view and it is justifi- farben Wasser, Ulea, . . . machensol, first published
ably doubted by Gmelin. in 1539, and often in subsequent years.
The contents are purely practical and consist of A modified Dutch version of it was made by
chemical receipts for everyday wants and have no- SYMON ANDRIESSEN (q.v.) and published in 1549,
thing to do with alchemy strictly so called. In and of this translations are contained in the third
fact the title affords an early use of the word part of the editions in French and English of the
alchemical in the later wider sense of chemical, work which passes under the name of Alexis, or
The substances employed are common and the ALESSIO (q.v.).
operations are such as would be familiar to various A portion of it exists also in Danish. An account
classes of artists and workmen. of the editions and variations is given in my papers
The present is doubtless the first edition. It was referred to below.
reprinted, with other receipts added, under the
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie\ 1797, i. p. 313. logical Chemistry,' Proceedings of the \Roya[\
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832^.270. Philosophical Society of Glasgow, 1888, xix. p. 126;
Ferguson, 'Some Early Treatises on Techno- 'Supplement,' Ibid., 1894, xxv. p. 224.
RECONDITORIUM ac Reclusorium Opulentise sapientiaeque Numinis Mundi
Magni, cui deditur in titulum Chymica Vannus, obtenta quidem & erecta
Auspice Mortale Ccepto; sed Inventa Proauthoribus Immortalibus Adeptis,
quibus conclusum est, sancitum & decretum, ut anno hoc per Mysteri-
archam Mercurium, velut Viocurium, seu Medicurium,
statVta oraCVLa sVa eXorDInfc InoLesCerent,
& aVrea Verltas perspICaCIorlbVs Ingenlls
nVDe breVIterqVe InnotesCeret.
Orbe post Christum natum Millesimo, sexcentesimo, sexagesimo sexto, Idibus
Majis. Amstelodami, Apud Joannem Janssonium a Waesberge, & Elizeum
Weyerstraet, Anno 1666.
4°. Pp. 392 (for 292). 12 engravings, one, entitled ' Character Adeptorum,'
printed in red, all included in the pagination. The chronogram stands for 1666.
RECONDITORIUM—RECUE1L 247
RECONDITORIUM. Continued.
Appended is a translation of the tractate Von der Universal Medicin by Monte-Snyder (q.v.). It has
the following title : —
Commentatio de Pharmaco Catholico ; quomodo nimirum istud in tribus illis
naturae Regnis, Mineralium, Animalium ac Vegetabilium, reperiendum : atque exinde
conficiendum, per excellentissimum Universale Menstruum, vi pollens recludendi
occludendi'que, turn metallum quodlibet, in primam sui materiam, reducendi. Insuper,
qualiter per idipsum (supple Menstruum) alias fixum illud indestructibile aurum,
redigendum sit in verum & inculpatum Aurum Potabile, quod nullo se imposterum
artis stratagemate, in solidum iterum aureum corpus patitur reduci.
Cumprimis ab honore Dei gloriosi & excelsi ; Deinde in singulare solatium &
emolumentum Generis humani, propalata mque publicam data lucem, per &c Atque
Londini in Anglia, ab uno eode'mque Paraphraste, qui usqueadhuc Chymicam Vannum
instituit ; celeriter, sed tamen fideliter, e Germanismo in Latinismum trajecta ; ^Era
Christiana Millesima, Sexcentesima, Sexagesima quinta. Kalendis Octobribus.
Pp. [2] 76 [i, 3 blank]. On the verso of the title, the 'Character Adeptorum'
diagram, which is repeated, is printed in black.
[Another Copy.]
[Another Copy.]
[Another Copy.]
This book was reissued at Leyden, 1696, with the first sheet (A) ; all after that is identical in the two
title ChymicE Aurifodina ittcomparabilis (q.v.). issues.
Both editions are mentioned under this title by Of the author nothing is known except what he
Roth-Scholtz, and the book is also described by says incidentally, as in the title of ihe Commentatio,
Freytag. that he translated it from the German, when he
The only difference between the two is in the happened to be in London, or in the ' Epigramma
omission from the 1696 issue of certain engraved in Zoilum ' when he says :
plates, the new title-page and the resetting of the Gelria ml patria est, sed Venloa propria terra,
Me mihi scito data non nisi lege loqui.
Roth-Scholtz, Bibllotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 41. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern CAemie, 1785,
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic p. 620.
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 274. Ladrague. Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Freytag, Analecta literaria, 1750, p. 247. Secretes, 1870, No. 1284.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 348.
RECTIFICATION.
[Von der Rectification des Animirten Geistes &c.]
8°. Pp. 60-63.
A fragnfent from VIER CHYMISCHE TRACTATLEIN.
RECUEIL.
Recueil d'Experiences et Observations sur le Combat, qui precede du melange
des corps. Sur les Saveurs, Sur les Odeurs, Sur le Sang, Sur le Lait, &c.
Tres-curieux & utile aux Medecins & a ceux qui s'appliquent a la recherche
de la Nature, des Qualitez & des Proprietez de toutes sortes de Corps.
A Paris, chez Estienne Michallet, rue S. Jacques, a 1'Image S. Paul.
M.DC.LXXIX. Avec Privilege du Roy.
12°. Pp. [18, including the frontispiece] 262 [2]. Engraved plate.
The authors are Nehemiah Grew ; Robert Boyle, Sur les saveurs et sur les odeurs ; Leeuwenhoeck, Sur
le sang et sur le lait. These last were made with the microscope.
RE FORM A TION-REIBEHAND
REFORMATION der gantzen Weiten Welt.
See ALLGEMEINE und General Reformation der gantzen weiten Welt.
REFORMIERTE (Die) Alchymie.
See CORRECTIO Fatuorum.
REGELN.
See BERLICH (ADAM GOTTLOB).
See REGULJE.
See REGULEN.
REGER (ERNESTUS AURELIUS).
See AMOR PROXIMI.
See PFEFFER (ERICUS).
In the Fegfeuer he is styled Reger von Ehrenhart,
while Gmehn calls him Reger von Ehrenwald,
which seems to be a mistake. By Semler he is
called a Dutch physician who had Pfeffer's manu-
scripts in his possession.
Opposite opinions are extant about him. The
Fegfeuer calls him a malicious soul, who scribbled
the two tracts 'Amor Proximi' and 'Nosce te
ipsum, physico-medicum ' out of the works of
Pfeffer.
Fictuld, however, while quoting what is said both
by the Fegfeuer and by Arnold, leaves the author-
ship undecided, but he adds, in Fictuldian phrase,
approval of the unknown writer, whoever he was,
as a learned, pious, God-loving mystic and cabalist,
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 120.
Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetische Christen-
thum, 1710, p. i. c. 5 ; p. 257.
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, ii.
p. 428 (Th. iii. cap. xi. § 17).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
whose tractate he recommends to the lovers of
Hermetic philosophy.
Semler is not certain that Pfeffer and Reger were
real Rosicrucians and adepts, but he does not
agree with the Fegfeuer in thinking that Reger was
deceitful and mendacious, but rather that he had
knowledge.
Jocher takes no notice of the so-called alchemical
works, but enumerates the following : ' Bericht auf
einige Fragen durch die heilige Schrifft, das Buch
der Natur, und das Buch der Menschheit bekraffti-
get,' along with a 'Catalogus vieler raren und
sonderlichen Manuscripte des neulichsten Philosophi
E. P. J. H.' Hamburg, 1683, 8°.
Rotermund calls him a physician in Amsterdam
and a theosophist.
col. 1955 ; Rotermund's Fortsctzung und Erganz-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1547.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 8.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic
der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. p. 117.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 23.
REGIMINA ARTIS.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae Alchemiae . . . Doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 299.
REGULAE SEU CANONES.
See PHILOSOPHISCHE REGELN oder Canones.
See PENOTUS (BERNARDUS GEORGIUS).
REGULEN.
See LOWE (Der) defs Rothen Creutzes.
See REGELN.
REIBEHAND (CHRISTOPH).
Filum Ariadnes das ist, Newer Chymischer Discurs von den grawsamen ver-
fiihrischen Irrwegen, der Alchymisten, dardurch sie selbst vnd viel Leute neben
ihnen verleitet werden, vnd dann was doch endlich der rechte vhralte einige
Weg zu dem allerhochsten Secreto sey, wie darinnen zu procediren, vnd
welcher Gestalt auch particularia zur Hand gebracht werden konnen. Alles
durch selbst eigene Experientz aus Christlicher Liebe gegen den Nechsten, in
diesen hochbetriibten Zeiten an Tag gegeben vnd eroffnet, so vorhero niemals
REIBEHAND—REIMLEIN 249
REIBEHAND (CHRISTOPH). Continued.
von einigen Philosopho in Schrifften so dentlich (sic) erklaret worden, durch
Heinrich von Batsdorff, Hermundurum. Zum andern mahl auffgelegt vnd
gedruckt, im Jahr 1639. Bey Friderich Grunern Buchh. seel. Erben
zubefinden.
8°. Pp. (1-13) 14-200.
Batsdorff is a pseudonym of Reibehand, who was Gotha, 1690, "mit 79 grossen und sonderbaren
an apothecary at Gera. The first edition of the Wundern vermehrt." There was also an edition :
' Filum Ariadnes ' was published in 1636. Dufres- Gotha, 1718, 8°. A commentary on it entitled
noy gives the title in Latin : Filum Ariadnes, seu Dilucidarius Batsdorfianus was written by I. L.
Discursus Chimicus de Alchimistarum errpribus, & ab Indagine, and was appended to his work
vero modo ad summum Secretum perveniendi, per Memorabilia Bismuthi, Nurnberg, 1782, 8°.
Henric. a Batsdorff, Hermundurum, in 8°, 1636. The Filet d' Ariadne, ascribed to Duclo (q.v.) is
The German was republished at Leipzig and not a translation of Reibehand's book.
Neun und Siebenzig grofse und sonderbahre Wunder, so bey einem Special
angegebenem Subiecto theils von der Natur, theils aber in der gefuhrten Arbeit
sich befunden haben. Also dafs ein jeder so in Laboribus Chymicis erfahren,
und in Libris Philosophicis belesen, zu sententioniren solte bezwungen werden,
und sagen :
Aut Hie Aut Nusquam.
Auf Begehren eines guten Freundes publicirt. Leipzig und Gotha verlegts
Augustus Boetius, 1690.
8°. Pp. 71 [i blank]. Title red and black.
This tract which is the supplement to Batsdorff's but scant consideration, says that he had ' little
Filum Ariadnes seems to have also formed a Christian love, and hid his light under a bushel,'
separate publication, for it is mentioned as such and on the strength of that concludes that if he have
not only in the Beytrag (p. 641) and by Gmelin, but not more compassion bestowed on him in the next
there are copies both of the Filum with the supple- world than he showed in this, he will be in a bad
ment and the supplement itself in the Bibliotheque way. But how about Fictuld himself? In the
Ouvaroff. second edition of the Probier-Stein, Fictuld has
Besides the Filum Ariadnes, Hendreich mentions himself pointed out, and apologised for, this mis-
Nodus sophicus and sEnigma Sophicum, published placement, and has transferred Batsdorff to his
at Coburg, in German. true position among the sophists. We may con-
In the first edition of the Probier-Stein, Fictuld elude, therefore, that his doom is sealed!
put him among the adepts, and yet he gives him
Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgicce, Berolini, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
1699, p. 453. pp. 498, 615, 641.
Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Gmelin, Geschichte der Ckemie, 1797, i. p. 522 ;
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 90. 1798, ii. p. 4, note q.
Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 19. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1740, Th. i. p. 66 ; 1753, 1806-08, p. 134.
Th. ii. p. 36. Schmieder, Geschichte derAlchemie, 1832, p. 377.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 115. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1188-1190.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 97. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 209, 369.
Archiv fiir Rosenkreutzer , 1785, ii. p. 354.
REIME von der geheimen Filosofie der Chymisten mit Anmerkungen . . . von R.
See SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEF WILHELM), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek,
1773, II. i. p. 379.
REIMEN.
See ALTE TEUTSCHE REIMEN.
See RHYTHM1 GERMANICI.
REIMLEIN.
Uralte Reimlein an alle Goldbegierige Chymistem.
See GOLDMACHER-CATECHISMUS, 1779, p. 79.
250
REINE— REINESIUS
REINE hermetische Wahrheit.
See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1782, ii. p. 143.
REINESIUS (THOMAS).
Chimiatria, hoc est, Medicina, nobili et necessaria sui parte, Chimia, instructa
et exornata, in Theatrum illustris ad Elistrum Ruthenei Sermone Panegyrico
producta a Thoma Reinesio, Thur. Philos. et Med. D. t. t. Physico Rutheno-
Gerano, postea vero Archiatro Saxo-Altenburgico, Medico, Critico, ac Poly-
histore famigeratissimo.
P. Andr. Matthiolus ad Andr. de Blauen 1. 4. epistolar. f. 180.
Ausim dicere, neminem Medicum absolutum esse posse, imb ne mediocrem
quidem, qui in nobilissima destillandi scientia non sit exercitatus : id cum
alibi, turn inprimis in chronicis morbis est animadvertere, qui citra metallica
devinci vix possunt. Nee desunt exempla magnorum Medicorum, qui remediis
chimicis magnos effectus in curandis segris ediderunt. Jenae, Excudit
Johannes Gollnerus, Anno M DC LXXVIII.
4°. Pp. [8] 56. Title red and black.
Reinesius was born at Gotha, 13 Dec., 1587.
His natural ability was displayed from his earliest
years. At the age of three he was already
at school, and when he was twelve he was able
to write Greek and Latin. Notwithstanding
his capacity he did not go to the University till
1603, when he was sent to Wittenberg. Theology
was the subject designed for him, but as he had a
difficulty in pronouncing the letter R (which, how-
ever, he ultimately overcame), and felt that that
would interfere with his duties, he turned to medi-
cine and studied it under Sennertus. In 1607, for the
sake of a stipend open to medical students, he went
to Jena. Three years later he was in Prague and
proceeded to Frankfurt a. d. Oder, to hear Rulan-
dus. His love for medicine and antiquities led
him to Italy, and he remained some time in Padua.
On his return he stopped at Basel and graduated
there. In 1615 he went to Altdorf where his
relative, Caspar Hpfmann, was professor of medi-
cine, in hope of being made a professor. He did
not succeed, and instead was called in 1616 to Hof
in Voigtland, to be physician to the Count of
Reuss, and two years later to be head of the
Gymnasium at Gera, in Misnia. In 1527 he removed
to Altenburg as Saxon Leibmedicus and town phy-
sician, and there he obtained such respect and fame
by his cures and especially by his services during a
visitation of the plague, that he was chosen Burgo-
master, with the title of Councillor of the Elector of
Saxony. In spite of much opposition which he
had to face, he would not leave, and declined the
offer of chairs of medicine in various Universities.
He remained thirty-three years in Altenburg,
gathered a fine library which was afterwards pur-
chased by the Duke of Saxony through the inter-
vention of von Seckendorf, and spent his leisure
time in reading, book-writing and correspondence.
Finally he resigned his offices, and retired to
Leipzig and occupied himself with reading the
Bible in the original languages and with religious
exercises. He died 13 (14) Feb., 1667.
The cause of his resignation is variously accounted
for. The course of political affairs, it is said by
Eloy, interfered with his studies and he made that
the reason. Haller, however, who, by the way, puts
his death in 1661, states as his opinion, that by his
free speaking about people whom he ought to have
cultivated, he made himself enemies, and left
Altenburg when he saw that he no longer enjoyed
any consideration. His ability, however, ought to
have prevented that, for he was not only eminent in
his profession, but he was exceptionally skilled in
the language, history, antiquities and criticism of
the ancients, and on that account received a
pension from Louis XIV. of France, who .gladly
observed and rewarded merit wherever it was
displayed.
Reinesius' scholarship was not only of the widest,
but it was deep and accurate, and his insight as an
original critic was so great that it has probably
never been surpassed : vir ad miraculum eruditus,
says Haller, not an unlearned man himself.
The works in which is displayed the profoundest
erudition are those which relate to antiquities, the
most important being the supplement to Gruter's
Inscriptions.
But what specially concerns the historian of
chemistry is his dissertation on the Greek chemi-
cal writings preserved in the Gotha-Altenburg
Manuscript. It was composed in German in
1634 and was printed by Cyprianus in his ' Cata-
logus codicum manuscriptorum bibliothecze Goth-
anae,' Lipsiae, 1714. It was afterwards translated
into Latin by Fabricius in the Bibliotheca Grceca,
1724, and is often referred to by Kopp.
In his Varia Lectiones, Altenburg, 1640, and the
Defensiones Variarum Lectionum, Rostock, 1653 —
another specimen of his learning and critical power
— there is a good deal referring to ancient medicine
and these alchemical writings.
His projected history of medicine, for writing
which no one was better qualified, was most un-
fortunately never executed. The book now would
have been invaluable.
The first edition of the present work appeared at
Gera, 1624, 4°. It is an argument for the import-
ance of chemistry to medicine and for the use of
drugs prepared from mineral sources, but it also
deals with and illustrates the greater subject that
there is no finality in medicine but continual change
and progress. It gives in brief a review of advances
which have been made, and it contains abundant
evidence of the author's professional learning, both
historical and practical.
REINESIUS—REINHART
251
REINESIUS (THOMAS). Continued.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 195.
Labbe, Bibliotheca Bibliothecarum, 1672, p. 203.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 684.
Witte, Memories Philosopher um, 1679, Decas
octava, pp. 461-472 (this is autobiographical to a
large extent).
Acta Eruditorum, 1682, p. 89 (review of the
' Varias Lectiones,' article by Daumius) ; 1685, p.
594 (notice of his tract ' De Sibyllinis Oraculis ').
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 1022.
Witte, Dianum biographicum, 1688, sig. Yyy
3 recto, 14 Feb., 1667.
Reimmann, Versuch einer Einleitung in die
Historian literariam derer Teutschen, 1708, i. pp.
85, 150, 282, 308.
Reimmann, Versuch einer Einleitung in die
Historiam literariam antediluvianam, 1709, pp.
189-90, note.
Fnd. Gotthilf Gotter, Elogia Clarorum Virorum
qui Altenburgum . . . illustrarunt, Jenae, 1713,
pp. 31-35 (Elogium) ; 73-80 (Epistolas Reinesii).
Fabricius, Histories Bibliothecce sues Pars III.,
1719, p. 93 (work on ' Inscriptions' and references).
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina, Hamb., 1721, i.
p. 758 ; ii. p. 575 ('Inscriptions').
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Greeca, Hamb., 1724, xii.
p. 748. (Dissertation on the Greek chemical MSS.
in the Gotha Library, translated from the German.)
Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730,
iv. p. 43.
Mangel, Bibliotheca ScriptorumMedicorum, 1731,
II. ii. p. 50.
Schelhorn, Amoenitates lilerariee, 1731, Parsxiv.
p. 606 (note on the purchase of his library).
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Mcdicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 280, 281, 282, 693.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. 101 &° sqq. (the
Greek chemical MS.), 284,753 (' doctissimus vir,
nostraeque, dum viveret, Germanise decus' — and
Morhof was a judge — ), 771, 794 ('profundae eru-
ditionis vir, ac inter proecipuos nostrce Germanice
numerandus'), 919, 925 ('Variae Lectiones'); ii.
pp. 184 (Democritus), 253-4 (the Gotha MS.), 419
(the same).
Niceron, Memoires, 1734, xxx. pp. 65-73.
Stolle, Kurtze Nachricht von den Buchern und
der en Urhebern in der Stollischen Bibliothec, 1736,
Th. vii. p. 655 (Cotter's opinion quoted); 1741,
Th. xiii. p. 398 ; Th. xiv. pp. 470, 504.
Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Introductio in His-
toriam litterariam Anatomes, Francof. a. V., 1738,
p. 1 80.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 699.
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741,
ii. p, 215 (Th. ii. lib. 17, cap. 16, § 22). (Quotes
an unfavourable view of his religious opinions,
already rebutted by Gotter.)
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. cols. 280-
282.
Jacob Brucker, Ehren-tempel der Deutschen
Gelehrsamkeit, Augspurg, 1747, pp. 110-115, with
a portrait.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
I7SI. i- P- 387 1 ii. pp. 606, 88 1, 972 (highly
praised).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1989 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1685.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine,
I7SS. >'• P- 322 ; 1778, iv. p. 47.
Mpr6ri, Le grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759,
IX. i. p. H2.
Portal, Histoire de I 'Anatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 444.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 437.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 352.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 332.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1776, i.
pp. 97, 226 ; 1777, ii. pp. 332, 528 (life and list of
his works).
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literdr-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, pp. 247-248, § 208.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 595-596
(Chimiatria, Ger. 1624, Jena, 1678).
Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 347.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816, xxvi. p. 122.
Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25). vi. p. 571.
Biographic Universelle, 1824, xxxvii. p. 282 ; no
date, xxxv. p. 372 (article by Weiss).
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (Authors) ii.
797/-
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
p. 456.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p.
327-
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, i.
P- 537-
Nouvelle Biographic Generale, 1862, xli. col.
922.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarischcs Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 597.
Kopp, Beitrage zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869,
p. 298.
Daremberg, Histoire des Sciences Medicalest
1870, i. p. 572.
Dictionnaire Encyclopddique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1876, iii. p. 345.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiien und Volker, 1886, iv.
p. 697.
B. Schuchardt, ' Lebensbeschreibungen beruhm-
ter Aerzte und Naturforscher, welche aus Thiiringen
stammen,' Correspondenz-Blatt des allgemeinen
drztlichcn Vereins von Thiiringen, Weimar, 1888,
xvii. pp. 556, 601.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1889, xxviii. p.
29 (article by R. Hoche, and references).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 22.
RE1NHART (HANS CHRISTOFF).
Liecht der Natur, das ist : Der warhafftigen Kunst Alchimise, hochstes
Geheimnifs. Aufs welchem alle Alte vnd Newe Philosophi im vniversal
vnd particular Werck, jhres begerens, als langes Lebens, stetwerender Gesund-
heit, vnd erbarlichen Reichtumbsschatze dieser Welt, seynd gewehret
worden. Nach versuchter Gewifsheit, vnnd eigner Erfahrung, in richtigster
Richtschnur Linien, angesatzt. Sonderlich aber defs hocherleuchten
252 REINHART—REMEDIA
REINHART (HANS CHRISTOFF). Continued.
Mannes, Fratris Basilii Valentini Schrifften, griindlich zuverstehen, vnd
niitzlich zu laboriren in Druck geben, durch Hans Christoff Reinhart, bey
der Rom: Key: May: Hoffgefreyten Seitenstickern.
lohann: III. Wer die Warheit liebt der kompt an das Liecht, denn
seine Werck sind in Gott gethan.
Gedruckt zu Hall, durch Erasmum Hynitzsch. In Verlegung Joachimi
Krusecken.
8°. Sigs. A-H8 in eights, or pp. [127, i blank]. Title red and black. No date, about 1608.
Das Valete : Vber den Tractat der Arcanorum Basilij Valentini zusammen
gesetzten Hauptschlufs Puncten defs Liechts der Natur. Durch Hans
Christoff Rheinhart den Eltern.
Kauffe mich, lifs mich, verstehe mich, darnach judicire mich.
Gedruckt zu Hall in Sachsen, durch Erasmum Hynitzsch. In Verlegung
Joachimi Krusecken. 1608.
8°. Sigs. A-F7, F8 blank, in eights, or pp. [94, 2 blank].
Johann Christoph Reinhard, an alchemist and As the author here in the Valete calls himself
enthusiast at the beginning of the seventeenth 'the elder,' that would imply that there was a
century, was born at Schongau, in Upper Bavaria, junior Hans Christoff. If he distinguished himself
A tract entitled : Diss. de jure aquarum metalli- at all, it was not in chemistry so far as I have
carum singular!, von Berg-Wassern, is assigned to observed.
a Reinhard in Leupold's Prodromus, but it is not
certain that he is identical with the present writer.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 195 (just Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 563,
mentions the author). note.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metalliccs, Semler, Unparteiische Samlun^en zur Historic
1732, p. 117. der Rosenkreuzer, 1798, ii. pp. 54, 65.
Jocher, Allgemeincs Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 208
col. 1992. (incidental mention only in connection with Basilius
Anton Maria Kobolt, Baierisches Gelehrten- Valentinus).
Lexikon, Landshut, 1795, P- 55° (quotes Jocher, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 387.
and Annalen der Baierischen Literatur, Nurnberg,
1781-84).
REISE Friedrich Galli nach der Einode St. Michael.
See JEAN DE MEHUN, Der Spiegel der Alchemie, 1771.
See CALLUS (FRIEDRICH).
RELIGION der altesten Naturforscher und so genannten Adepten.
See SCHADE (GEORG).
REMEDIA Sympathetica ; das ist Sammlung der bewahrtesten sympathetischen,
antipathetischen und spagyrischen Mittel und Zauberkrafte bey Krankheiten
der Menschen und Thiere, gegen Behexen und das Anthun boser Leute,
gegen allerhand Laster, als Trunk und Spiel, fur die gegenseitige Zartlichkeit
zwischen Eheleuten, verschiedene Jagerkunste, wider schadliche Thiere,
Verwahrungsmittel wider Hieb und Stich, u. s. w., ingleichen Anweisung beim
Verfahren des magischen Schatzgrabens, zu der Metoscopie, oder Kunst aus
den Runzeln der Stirnen wahrzusagen, und der Deutung der Schonheitsmaaler.
Gebrauch der Temperamentenblatter, der magischen Briefdruckerey und des
Eyerschreibens so wie die sehr hohe und geheime Kunst Salomonis. Mit i
Kupfer. Leipzig, literarisches Centralcomptoir in Commission.
8°. Pp. [2] vi., H2 [2]. Folding plate. Without date, about 1780?
REMMELIN
253
REMMELIN (JOHANN).
Sphyngis Victor, das ist, Entdeckung Herrn lohannis Faulhaberi, bestellten
Rechenmeisters vnnd Mathematici in Vim, himmlischen geheimen Magiae,
oder newen Cabalistischen Kunst : vnd wunder Rechnung, vom Gog vnd
Magog, geschehen. Von lohanne Remmelino Philos. & Med. Doctore.
Getruckt zu Kempten, bey Christoff Kraufs. In verlegung Stephan Michel-
spachers. Anno M.DC.XIX.
4°. Signatures A-C in fours, Da ; or, ff. [14]. Ornamental border to the title-page ;
on the reverse is a set of symbols, and on D 2 is a drawing of the strange fish caught at
Neuss in Silesia in August, 1609, which had on its skin the date and a number of
symbols indicating what was to happen to the Holy Roman Empire. The skin was
duly sent to the Emperor. This tract is not about chemistry.
Remmelin was born at Ulm in 1585, studied at
Tubingen and took the degree of Master in 1604.
He continued his studies at Basel and was created
doctor of medicine there in 1607. In Ulm he held
the post of town physician, but, on account of dis-
putes with other doctors, he left in 1628 and
received a similar appointment at Schorndorf,
whence he went to Aalen and finally to Augsburg.
According to his contemporaries, he was celebrated
as an anatomist and skilled in mathematics. A
portrait of him on copper was engraved in 1618,
and there is another without place and date.
He published several works on mathematics and
on numbers (of which the above is one), enumerated
by Rotermund. The following book is also ascribed
to him : Ferince Weltzheimenses oder griindliche
Erforschung von Natur, Eigenschafften und Ge-
brauch des heilsamen Wildbrunnens zu Weltzen,
das Thier- oder Wildbad genannt, Augspurg,
1619, 4°, which is not mentioned by Rotermund.
Another important and novel work by him is the
following :
Johannis Remmelini Suevo-Vlmensis, Philo-
sophise & Medicinae Doctoris, Catoptrum Micro-
cosmicum, suis aere incisis visionibus splendens.
Cum historia & Pinace, de nouo prodit. . . . Ulmae
Sueuorum Sumptibus lohannis Gorlini M. nc. XXXTX.
Large folio, pp. 28 (misprint for 26) ; engraved
title, and plates on pp. 9, 15, 21. The plates are
marked 'I. R. Inuentor' ; 'L. K. sculptor';
' Stephan Michelspacher excudit.' The colophon :
Ulmae, Sumptibus Johannis Cerlini, Bibliopolae,
Imprimebat Balthasar Kiihne, Reipubl. istius
Typographus. Anno M DC xxxix.
There is said to have been an edition at Augs-
purg, 1619, fol., but I have not seen it. Of the
edition of 1639 I have seen two copies, one in the
British Museum and one in the Hunterian Library,
Glasgow University. The latter has the plates in
very good state, considering how easily they can
be injured by use. This book is a treatise
on anatomy, and consists of a series of plates in
layers, so that the parts beneath can be seen
in succession by lifting the hinged portions,
an idea which originated with Remmelin.
This book was translated into German and
of this version I have seen a copy in the collec-
tion of my colleague, Professor Cleland. Kleiner
Welt Spiegel, das ist: Abbildung Gottlicher
Schopffung an defs Menschen Leib, mil beygesetz-
ter Schrifftlicher Erkliirung, so wol zu Gottes
Weifsheit, als defs Menschen selbst Erkandtnus
dienend, Aufs, Johannis Remmilini, Philosophise et
Medicinae Doctoris, Lateinischem Exemplar, in die
Teutsche Sprach vbersetzet, durch, M. lohannem
Ludovicum Remmelinum, Med. Stud. Authoris
filium. . , . Augustae Vindelicorum, gedruckt
durch Johann Ulrich Schonigk, In verlag Johann
Remelins Burgers in Ulm. Anno M.DC.XXXii.
Large folio ; title leaf, on the verso of which is a
portrait of Remmelin, 'An. Chr. 1618. /Et. 35.'
Pp. 22. Illustrations on pp. 7, 13, 19.
There is no copy of this in the British Museum.
There was also a translation into English : A
Survey of the Microcosm, by Clopton Havers,
with plates by Michel Spacher of the Tyrol,
and Remmelinus corrected. London, 1702, fol.
There does not seem to be a copy of this book
in the British Museum.
Michelspacher's anatomical work : ' Pinax micro-
cosmographicus,' though published in 1615, was in
reality Remmelin's, because, according to Haller,
he got the plates from Remmelin ; Michelspacher
was only the printer.
Under the entry CABALA Michelspacher has been
credited with the authorship of the Pinax Micro-
cosmographicus on the authority of Mercklin and
others. It is, however, only fair to him to state
that he himself makes no such claim, and in the
Epistle or Dedication of the CABALA to Remmelin,
dated 1662, he describes the position of the affair
as clearly as his wordinesses and worthinesses, his
long windedness and constant use of titles, will
permit. After the usual flourish to his Gracious
Patron, he refers to the work on anatomy, which
he had been anxious to publish but was let therein
by various hindrances till at last Remmelin con-
sented to its publication on condition that his name
did not appear as the author's. This, as Michel-
spacher states, was almost futile, seeing that both
his arms and ' Contrafactur ' were on the title-page
and would give the reader a hint on the subject.
But when it was dedicated to the young nobleman
Phil. Hainhofer in Augspurg, who was a connois-
seur and judge of such devices, he became very
pressing to know the author, and Michelspacher
having obtained Remmelin's permission made it
known in this preface.
Afterwards, of course, Remmelin's name ap-
peared on the title-page.
As Remmelin calls himself ' Suevo-Ulmensis ' on
the title-page of this work, Portal has been misled
into stating that he was a Swedish physician, and
he seems to be of opinion that the 'Catoptrum'
was an instrument of his invention, which magni-
fied the parts and enabled them to be more easily
seen. But there is no instrument, unless the
layered plates be considered such, and the title
means simply a mirror of the microcosm.
254
REMMELIN—REQUISITA RE ALIA
REMMELIN QOHANN). Continued.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 685.
Mercklin, Lindcnius renovatus, 1686, p. 665.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 55.
Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomices Specimen,
1734, p. 218 (discussion on the editions ; says no-
thing about Vesalius, but speaks of Michelspacher).
Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Introductio in His-
toriam litterariam Anatomes, Francof. a. V., 1738,
P- 275.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 558.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, i. p. 512.
Portal, Histoire de VAnatomieet de la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 424.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 332.
Eloy, Dictionnaire hisiorique de la Midecine,
1755, ii. p. 313 ; 1778, iv. p. 26.
'Ro\.e.imw\d,Fortsetzungund Erganzungensu . . .
Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819, vj.
col. 1780.
Ludwig Choulant, Geschichte und Bibliographie
der Anatomischen Abbildung, Leipzig, 1852, pp.
82-83.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 33.
RENATUS (SINCERUS).
See RICHTER (SAMUEL).
RENODyEUS (JOANNES).
Institutionum Pharmaceuticarum Libri V.
See UFFENBACH (PETRUS), Dispensatorium, 1631.
Jean de Renou, latinized Renodseus, of Coutan-
ces in Normandy, studied and graduated at Paris,
became Royal Councillor and Physician, and was
specially devoted to pharmacy. He did a good
deal for it, and the dispensatory which he com-
piled enjoyed great popularity, though it may
say little for the therapeutics of the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries-.
His works were translated into French by Louis
de Serres, who places him above all his predecessors
in the same walk, and says that he surpassed
Fernelius and Sylvius and all who had written on
pharmacy, as far as they had excelled Myrepsus
and Praepositus.
He was not friendly towards Lazarus Riverius,
physician of Henry IV., for he calls him an
empiric.
He overturned a multitude of popular errors
about the virtues of plants and minerals, though he
himself was not devoid of some erroneous notions.
Having taken some things from the ' Pharmaco-
poeia ' of Bauderon, he was dubbed a plagiarist by
that writer's son, who maintained that the 'Anti-
Will. Cooper, A Catalogue of Chymicall Books,
London, 1675, sign. Ri verso, D3 recto.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 685
(Dispensatorium, 1627).
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 666.
Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730,
iv. p. 48.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 55.
Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 613.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, ii. p. 1033.
MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 1759,
ix. i. p. 141.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 432.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. pp. 280,
327-
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practica, 1777, ii.
REQUISITA REALIA.
See SINCERUS.
dotarium ' had been made up by innumerable
thefts and especially from Bauderon. To this
atlack Renod£eus replied showing how absurd the
accusalion was.
His works are :
Dispensalorium Galeno-chymicum.
Numerous edilions of Ihe ' Dispensalorium ' are
recorded: Paris, 1608, 4°; Francof., 1609, 4°;
1615, 4° ; Paris, 1623, 4° ; Hanau, 1631, 4° (as
above) ; Geneva, 1645, 4°.
The English translation is mentioned by Will.
Cooper : A Medicinal Dispensatory . . . discover-
ing the natures, properties and vertues of Vegel-
ables, Minerals and Animals, . . . with an
absolule Pharmacopoaa, London, 1657, 4° ; the
translator was R. Tomlinson.
There is a copy in the British Museum.
De Materia Medica Libri Tres.
Antidotarium varium et absolutissimum.
The works were printed at Frankfurt, 1609, 8°,
and with Josephus Quercetanus' Pharmacopoeia
dogmaticorum, ediled by Peler Uffenbach, Hanau,
1631, 4°.
p. 402. (Compare also J. de Renou, ii. pp. 271,
279, 334, 400, for disserlations under that name).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 578
(Instilulionum Pharmaceulicarum Libri v., Fran-
cof., 1609, &c. ).
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 122 (Anlidolarium), 129 (Dispensa-
torium).
Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vi. p. 574.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, ii. pp. 210, 499, 899, 926 (call the Dispensa-
torium ' a priceless work, above all praise,' and give
interesting extracls).
Nouvelle Biographic Glnfrale, 1862, xli. col.
1029.
Daremberg, Histoire des Sciences Mtdicales, 1870,
ii. p. 826.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 40.
RESCH—RESPONSUM 255
RESCH (JOAN ULRICH).
Osiandrische Experiment von Sole, Luna & Mercurio. Welche in furnehmer
Herren laboratoriis probirt worden, daraufs mehr per Exempla als Rationes,
oder durch viel verwirrte Procefs, verkehrte Sophistische vnd vnniitze Biicher,
verschrauffte Wort vnd subtile Reden, &c. die wahre Philosophische Materi,
rechte Solution, Gewicht, Glas, Ofen vnd Regierung defs Feuers zu fassen, vnd
zumal man richtige Anleitung hat, dem Werck zur Tinctur vnd Artzney weiter
nachzudencken vnd zu ergriinden. Mit angehangtem hierzu dienlichem vnd
niemals in Druck gebrachten Tractatlein, De igne Philosophico investigando
& moderando pro solutione debita acquirenda, auch Historien wahrhaffter
Verwandlung der Metallen in Gold vnd Silber. Item, wie man sich vor
Betriegern hiiten soil: safnt andern zur Praxin vnd Haubtwesen gehorigen
vnd notirten Observationen vnd Explicationen colligirt vnd practicirt durch
Joan Ulrich Reschen, D.
Avicenna. Neminem Magisterium lapidis unquam negasse, qui esset
sapiens.
Niirnberg, Bey Johann-Andreas vnd Wolffgang Endters defs Jiingern sel.
Erben, 1659.
8°. Pp. [8] 327 [i blank]. Historical in part.
I have not found anything about Resch, the earlier. Chapter x. in the present book is a
editor of this book. He says, however, distinctly in reprint of Ewald von Hohelande's tract : Kurtzer
the preface that the author of the experiments was Bericht und klarer Beweifs, &c. , so that it contains
Lucas Osiander, professor and cancellarius at some historical matter. Gmelin assigns the ex-
Tubingen, with his brother, Johann Otto, Abbot periments to Johann Adam Osiander, without
of Adelberg. They communicated their experi- specifying which he means, and without considera-
ments and observations some five and thirty years tion of what Resch himself states.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 65. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 625.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 329.
p. 619.
RESPONS von der F. R. C. zu etlichen ihren Clienten abgeben.
See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Aperta Area Arcani Artificiossimi, 1687, p. 228.
See SIEBMACHER (JOHANN AMBROSIUS), Wasserstein der Weisen, 1704, p. 204.
See SIEBMACHER (JOHANN AMBROSIUS), Wasserstein der Weisen, 1743, P- I9°-
See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Philosophia Salomonis, 1753, p. 200.
This is a translation of the ' Responsiones Duoe ' below.
RESPONSIO ad Epistolam J. Ferdinandi Hertodt von Todtenfeldt.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 699.
RESPONSIONES Duae F. R. C. ad quosdam suos Clientes.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 393.
RESPONSUM einer beruhmten Juristen-Facultat : da sich ein Ehemann belehren
lasset : Ob ihm das seiner Frauen in Gold transmutirte silberne Gefasse nicht
zukomme ? oder doch wenigstens der usus fructus davon.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii.
p. 113.
RESPONSUM ad Fratres Rosaceae Crucis illustris.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii.
P- 349-
See also ROSICRUCIANS.
256 RESPOUR
RESPOUR (P. M. DE).
Rares Experiences sur 1'Esprit Mineral, pour la Preparation et Transmutation
des Corps Metaliques. Oil est enseigne la maniere de faire les Agens
necessaires, qui ont este jusques aujourd'huy inconnus & cachez au Public.
Avec la connoissance du mouvement general & particulier du Monde Ele-
mentaire & de ce qui y est contenu. Par Monsieur D * * * Tome premier.
A Paris, Chez Emanuel Langlois, rue S. lacques, a la Reyne du Clerge*. Et
Chez Claude Barbin, au Palais, sur le second Perron de la sainte Chapelle.
M.DC.LXVIII. Avec Privilege du Roy.
8°. Pp. [24] 72 ; 106 ; 100 [2]. Though entitled Tome premier the work is
complete. At all events no second volume is mentioned. Exposition of the Smaragdine
Table, Liv. iii. pp. 38-42.
P. M. von Respurs besondere Versuche vom Mineral-Geist zur Auflosung und
Verwandlung derer Metallen auch von der Bewegung der Welt und ihrer
Theile. Aus dem Franzosischen iibersetzt mit Anmerkungen erst heraus-
gegeben von Johann Friedrich Henkeln Konigl. Pohln. und Churfl. Sa'ch-
sischen Bergrath nunmehro aber aufs neue durchsehen und hier und da
vermehret von D. Johann Gottlob Lehmann Konigl. Preufsisch. Bergrath,
Mitglied der Kais. Rufsischen, Konigl. Preufs. Akademie derer Wissensch.
und der Churmaynzisch. niitzlichen Wissenschaften. Leipzig, bey Engelhart
Benjamin Schwickert 1772.
8°. Pp.333. Index [15]. Advertisements [2]. Frontispiece. Pp. 15-16 dropped.
Exposition of the Smaragdine Table, pp. 263-265, and note pp. 280-284.
Rares Experiences sur 1'esprit mineral pour la preparation et transmutation des
corps mdtalliques oil est enseigne la maniere de faire les Agens ndcessaires,
qui ont e"te" jusqu'aujourd'hui inconnus et cache's au Public. Avec la
connoissance du mouvement general et particulier du Monde Elementaire et
de ce qui y est contenu. Par Monsieur de Respour. Tome Premier.
Nouvelle Edition revue et corigee par Christian Frederic Keller, Docteur en
Medecine et Physicien ordinaire du Baillage de Langensalza. Avec Privilege
du Se're'n. Elect, de Saxe. a Leipzig, chez Christian Gottlob Hilscher 1777.
8°. Pp. [30] 192. Though called Tome premier the work is complete. Exposition
of the Smaragdine Table, pp. 146-148.
The first edition is that of 1668. The author's Henckel, in his preface, says that the author was
name is contained in the ' Privilege," but whether from Flanders, and is of opinion from his phraseo-
the letters S. P. M. preceding the name are logy that he was a soldier. He wrote this book at
Respour's initials or not I am unable to say, but the age of 24, and in French, of which he admits
have assumed that they are. In the German the he was not quite master. Henckel thinks that the
initials are P. M. so that S. possibly stands for initial D * * * on the title-page shows that the book
Seignerir. was edited by some one else, but does it not stand
The book had become extremely rare when it simply for De Respour? He also questions
was translated by Henckel, with added notes, and whether the third book is by Respour on account of
published first at Dresden and Leipzig in 1743, difference of style. It would appear that other
re-edited by Lehmann and published in 1772 (as books had been composed or meditated by Respour,
above), and then the original French was reprinted but were not published. Probably that is the
at Leipzig, 1777 (as above), with a preface by reason why this appears alone as Tome Premier.
Keller, in which he comments on the translation, A good deal of importance seems to have been
on Respour's aim, and on the term '/.ink which he attached to this book by the metallurgists of the
employs. This word seems to have puzzled time. The prefaces to the different editions should
Lehmann also. be considered.
RESPO UR—RE TZEL
257
RESPOUR (P. M. DE). Continued.
In the third book there is an exposition, section
by section, of the Smaragdine table (pp. 38-42).
The three books into which the work is divided
are entitled respectively :
I. De la Nature en General, pp. 72.
II. Des Agens Metaliques, pp. 106.
III. Le Retour d' Hermes, pp. 100.
In Book I. the signatures run from A to Eiiij in
eights.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 274.
L.a.Ara.g\ie,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1770, Nos. 1085.
In Books II. and III. the signatures run con-
tinuously from A to N in eights.
Baumer quotes the German translation by
Henckel, Dresden, 1743, 8°, enlarged by Leh-
mann, Leipzig, 1771, 8°, and this last is also
quoted by Gmelin. The 1772 issue is not alluded
to.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 56.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 338.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 243 ;
1847, iv. p. 121.
RESPUR (P. M. VON).
See RESPOUR (P. M. DE).
RETZEL (GEORG FRIDERICH).
Der Sechs Tage-Wercke dieser Welt Geheime Bedeutung im Spiegel der uhralten,
und Mosaischen Philosophic entdecket, Was die Eigenschafft der oberen, und
unteren Wasser sey ; und wie daraus alles seinen Ursprung habe ; Wie die
Wiirckung des Oberen in das Untere vollenbracht, und daher in dieser Welt
alles erhalten, und fortgepflantzet werde ; Woher jedes sein Leben, auch wieder
seinen Tod, und Verderben bekomme ; Was der in Eden gepflantzte Garten,
auch der von Eden ausgehende Strohm mit seiner vierfachen Abtheilung seyn
konne; Was der Baum des Erkantnisses, wie auch die List, und Sprechen der
Schlangen gewesen ; Wie das Austreiben von Garten Eden, und der davor
gelagerte Cherubim mit den blossen hauenden Schwerdte zuverstehen ;
\Yelchen aus gleichen Principiis beygefiiget wird Ein Bericht von denen
unsichtbahren Creaturen, Feuer- Lufft- Wasser- und Erd- Geistern, auch
Gespenstern, und andern diesen zugehorigen Sachen. Denen Suchenden der
Wahrheit, und vom Geist der verwirrung in denen allermeist recipirten
mancherley Meynungen noch nicht gantz geblendeten, Aus Liebe mitgetheilet
von D. Georg Friderich Retzeln Fiirstl. Braunschw. Liineb. Berg-Rath, wie
auch der Ko'nigl. Preufsischen Societal der Wissenschafften Mitgliede.
Blanckenburg, Durch H. C. Struven, Hertzogl. privilegirten Buchdr. Anno
1722.
8°. Pp. [48] 391 [i]. Title red and black, printed across two pages.
Retzel, or Ratzel, was Dr. and Mining Councillor
at Blankenburg, and member of the Royal Prussian
Society of Sciences. Besides the above, he wrote :
Der geheimen Natur erSffnele Pforten und dero-
selben wiirkende Eigenschaften in gut und bose,
woher erkannt werden mag, woraus Gesundheit
und Krankhcit, ingleichen Medicin und Gift pro-
ducirt werde, so auch was die Essentia rerum und
die von alien Chymicis langst zu wissen gewiinschte
erste Materieder philosophischen Universalmedicin
sey, denen Suchenden zum Besten. Blankenburg,
1718, 8°.
Hallische Vermischte Dibliothek, 1715, 1505 and a concluding condemnation of it as a 'fanatical,
Stuck, p. 177. Bohmistic book ').
Unschuldige Nachrichten ; Fortgesetzte Samm- Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1741, xxx. col. 577.
lung von Alien und Neucn Theologischen Sachen, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 363.
Leipzig, 1735, pp. 713-731 (an abstract of the work,
II. R
258 REUDENIUS—REUSNER
REUDENIUS (MICHAEL).
Bedencken ob vnd wie die Artzneyen, so durch die Alchimistische Kunst
bereitet werden, sonderlich vom Vitriol, Schwefel, Antimonio Mercuric, vnd
dergleichen fruchtbarlich zugebrauchen sein. Menniglich zur nachrichtung
kiirtzlich verfasset, durch Michaelem Reudenium, der Philosophey vnd
Medicin Doctorem, vnd der zeit verordneten Physicum der Keyserlichen
freyen Berckstadt Schlackenwalds. Mit einer kurtzen Vorrede von dem
vnterschied der Hermetischen vnd Galenischen Medicin loachimi Tanckij,
D. & Profess. Cum gratia & privilegio. Leipzig In verlegung Johann
Rosen, Buchhendlers daselbst, Im Jahr M.DC.V.
8°. Pp. [23, i blank] 101 [i]. MS. notes at the end. Title red and black in a
narrow border. Colophon and Emblem : Michael destroying Satan : — Gedruckt zu
Leipzig bey Michael Lantzenberger. Im Jahr 1605.
He was the son of Ambrosius Reuden, doctor of De novo gummi purgante epistolaad Schwarzium.
theology, not at Bamberg, but probably at Jena, Ejusdem apologia ad Hechstetterum cum Payeri
and was born about 1571 or 1572, and was the Tractat. de thermis Carolinis, Lips., 1614, 8°;
eldest of seven. He became doctor of medicine, Leyden, 1625, 12°.
lived in Schlackenwald, and practised at Karlsbad De corporibus mineralibus, prascipue metallis
with great reputation. in genere, Jenae, 1600, 4°.
He wrote several tracts : Observations Carolina:, darinnen von der Natur
Disputatio de dolore, Jena, 1596, 4°. des Kaiser Karlsbadcs gehandelt wird, translated
Observationes de Thermis Carolinis, Jena, 1611, into German by Melchior Rethnicus, Jena, 1611,
8°; Leipzig, 1614, 12°. 8°; Leipz., 1614, 12°.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
l&37> P- 364 (calls him ' Bambergensis '). 1751, ii. P- 1039.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 821, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
1050. col. 2028 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Erganz-
Joh. Christoph. Becman, Catalogus Bibliotheca ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1863.
Publics Universitatis Francofurtance , Francof. ad Frid. Boerner, Bibliothecae Librorum rariorum
Viadrum, 1706, p. 245 (Observationes Carolinae, physico-medicorum . . . specimen secundum, Helme-
Jen., 1611, 8°; Ep. de novo Gummi purgante, stadii, 1752, pp. 61-65 (' Discursus philosophico-
Lugd., 1625, 12°). medicus,' Jena, 1618, 8°, about Karlsbad).
Jo. Caspar Zeumer, Vitae Professorum . . , qui Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 417.
in illustri Academia lenensi . . . mxeriint et ad- Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
hue vivunt, lenae, 1711, Classis I. p. 94. p. 377.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785,
1731, II. ii. p. 56. p. 588.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 513,
P- 7°2- 568 ; 1798, ii. p. 771, (discourse on Karlsbad and
Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic Eger, Jena, 1718).
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 290. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 877 1806-08, pp. 101, 124.
(born at Bamberg).
REUSNER (HiERONYMUs).
Pandora: Das ist, Die edelst Gab Gottes, oder der werde vnd heilsame Stein
der Weysen, mit welchem die alten Philosophi, auch Theophrastus Paracelsus,
die vnvollkommene Metallen durch gewalt des Fewrs verbessert : sampt
allerley schedliche vnd vnheilsame kranckheiten, jnnerlich vnnd eusserlich
haben vertrieben. Ein Guldener Schatz, welcher durch einen Liebhaber
dieser Kunst, von seinem Vndergang errettet ist worden, vnd zu Nutz alien
Menschen, furnemlich den Liebhabern der Paracelsischen Artzney, jetzt
widerumb in Truck verfertiget. Getruckt zu Basel, Durch Sebastianum
Henricpetri.
8°. Pp. [16] 317 [i blank], [i] Colophon : Getruckt zu Basel durch Sebastianum
Henricpetri. Anno do IDXXCVIII. [i] Petri's device. 42 woodcuts.
He was the son of Christopher Reusner, and was physician at Hof in Vogtland and then at' Nord-
born at Lemberg in Silesia 26 Sept., 1558. He lingen.
graduated as M.D. at Basel, and became town
REUSNER
259
REUSNER (HIERONYMUS). Continued.
He wrote a small number of medical works :
De pollinclura et sepultura cadaverum.
Decisiones, Basileas, 1578, 4°.
Epistolas, Francof., 1600, 8°.
Tractatus de Scorbuto, 1600.
Urinarum probationes lodoci Willichii illustrate
Scholiis Medicis, . . . Remedia item plurima ex
urina desumpta, Basil., 1582, 8".
Curationes et observationes medicas in the
'Sylloge' of Georg Hieron. Welsch, Aug. Vindel.,
1668, 4°.
Beschreibung des mineralischen Bades zu Wemb-
dingen, Neuburg, 1618, 8°.
This was apparently a posthumous publication.
' Pandora ' is not mentioned by Eberti, but his
judgment on the author is flattering : ' Vir certe
eruditus, qui editis cultissimi sui ingenii & ex-
quisitse doctrinas lucubrationibus aeternum nomen
sibi comparavit,' but his name is hardly remembered
now.
The first edition of the present work appeared in
1582, with the following title-page :
Pandora, Das ist, Die Edleste Gab Gottes, oder
der Werde vnnd Heilsamme Stein der Weisen, mit
welchem die alien Philosophi, auch Theophrastus
Paracelsus, die vnuolkomene Metallen, durch
gewalt des Fewrs verbcssert : sampt allerley
schadliche vnd vnheilsame Kranckheiten, jnnerlich
vnd eusserlich haben vertrieben.
Ein Guldener Schatz, welcher durch einen Lieb-
haber diser Kunst, von seinem Vntergang errettet
ist worden, vnnd zu nutz alien Menschen, fiirnem-
lich den Liebhabern der Paracelsischen Artzney,
erst jetz in Truck verfertiget.
Getruckt zu Basel. Anno M.D.LXXXII. 8°
pp. [16] 309 [i blank]. Colophon : Getruckt zu
Basel, bey Samuel Apiario. Symbolical woodcuts
in the text.
Reusner was apparently only the editor of this
book, and he calls it ' Pandora Francisci Epi-
methei ' as if that were indeed the author's name.
That, however, wears the air of a pseudonym, and
accordingly Fictuld informs us that the real name
of the author was Ulmannus, and that he was a
Franciscan.
Schmieder, on the other hand, states boldly,
' Hieronymus Reufsner wrote : Epimethei Pandora,
oder Stein der Weisen, . . . Basel, 1598, 8°.'
Though the book probably made its first appear-
ance in 1582, at all events in German, it, or the
symbolical pictures in it, were known some time
earlier.
In an anonymous tract, entitled : ' Liber de
Ars Aurifera, 1572, p. 664.
Maier, Symbola Aureee Mensa, 1617, p. 274.
Draudius, Bibliotheca classica, 1625, pp. 702, 987.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 213.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 686.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medico, 1679, pp.
4ib, i3ib, I57b.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686. p. 430.
Johann Caspar Eberti, Leorinum eruditum, in
quo viri, quos protulit Leoberga Silesiorum, script is
et eruditione celebres, centuria quadam compre-
henduntur ac breviter, delineantur, Wratislaviae,
1714, p. 45, and references.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 56.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 703-
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 964.
arle chimica incerti authoris,' printed in the ARS
AURIFKRA, 1572, there appears at the conclusion
of Cap. xvii. a description which applies unmis-
takably to certain of ihe allegorical plales conlained
in ihe ' Pandora,' ihough ihe book iiself is not
menlioned by name.
After explaining ihese in some detail, and show-
ing how widely symbols had been used, ihe author
adds : ' Has not also Ulmannus a Franciscan monk
and " frater minor" described our wisdom wilh
greal skill in the German tongue and tesled il by
ihe Passion, and proved that it is sure?' It is on
this passage that Fictuld based his stalement thai
Ulmannus was the author of the Pandora, but it is
difficult to see any justification of this view in the
words employed.
This anonymous tract is contained, of course, in
the different editions and translalions of Ihe ARS
AURIFEKA. See the edition of 1610, i. pp. 400-401,
and Morgenstern's translation, 1613, i. p. 552 ;
1750, i. p. 671.
It would seem, however, as if the plates had
been known before 1572, whether accompanied by
a verbal elucidation of their meaning or not.
For, even before this, namely in 1550, one or two of
the plales had already appeared in ihe ROSARIUM
PHILOSOPHORUM along wilh ihe verses, which, with
some omissions, are also contained in the ' Pan-
dora.'
One of these plates, which represents a herma-
phroditic figure holding in one hand a goblet with
three serpents rising out of it, and in the other a
single serpent, is referred to by Michael Maier in
the Symbola Aurets Mensce, 1617, who says that
between it and the accompanying verses — rythmi
germanici he calls ihem — Ihe aulhor elucidates the
whole of the art. Maier gives a translation, be-
cause they had not been put into Lalin before, and
because of their truth and merit. These are the
verses in the 1550 edilion of the ROSARIUM, sig.
Miiij.
Maier, however, has made his quotation from
the ROSARIUM and not from the 'PANDORA' with
which, indeed, he does not seem to have been
acquainted. It may be observed lhal while both
coniain allegorical pictures, expressing alchemical
processes, one set is quite different from Ihe olher,
wilh ihe exceplions already specified. The verses
also seem to apply more correctly lo Ihe plate in
Ihe ' Pandora ' to which they are referred, than to
that in the Rosarium, but the subject is by no
means clear and it stands in need of further
investigalion.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 203 ; Rolermund, Fortsetzung und Ergiins-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1874 (lisl of his works).
Ficluld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p, 118.
Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine,
1755. »• P- 323 ! 1778, iv. p. 55.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 252.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinee practices, 1777,
ii. p. 236 ; 1779, iii. p. 84.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 579, 582, 650 (Fauslius1 edilion).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 293
(Pandora, 1598).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
323, 5i4-
Ladrague, Bibltotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1044.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 368.
RE USNER—RE YHER
REUSNER (HIERONYMUS). Continued.
Compendium Alchymist. Novum, sive Pandora Explicata et Figuris Illustrata.
See FAUSTIUS (JOHANNES MICHAEL).
REUSS (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH).
D. Christ. Frider. Reuss Medicinse Professoris Publici in Alma Eberhardino-
Carolina, Serenissimi Ducis Margrafii Badensis Consiliarii, Acad. Imp. nat.
curios. Reg. Dan. Scient. ejusque oecon. Elect. Mogunt. nee. non Soc.
Elect. Lips, oecon. Tigur. phys. & Berol. amicorum naturae Scrutator. Sodal.
Dispensatorium Universale seu Lexicon Chemico-Pharmacevticum ad
Tempora nostra Accommodatum Editio Secunda aucta et emendata Sectio
Prior A-L. Argentorati Apud Amand Koenig 1791.
8°. Pp. xxxii. 1-640. Sectio Posterior M-Z [4] 645-1504. Bound in 4 vols.
Interleaved. MS. notes.
[Another Copy.]
Christian Friedrich Reuss was born at Copen- Mainz, and Berlin, and in 1808 was created Knight
hagen 7 July, 1745. He studied in Tubingen, took of the Wiirtemberg Civil Service order, and died
the degree of M.D. in 1769, and after graduation 17 (19) Oct., 1814 (1813).
travelled through Germany. In 1771 he was He is the author of a number of works on medi-
appointed extraordinary professor of medicine at cine, botany, pharmacy, dietetics, technology,
Tubingen, and, in 1706, ordinary professor. veterinary medicine, social economy, &c. He con-
He was councillor of the Marckgraf of Durlach, a tributed nothing to Chemistry in special,
member of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum, the It was his brother, Jeremias David, who compiled
Royal Danish Academy of Sciences, the Physical the Repertorium commentationum, and Das gelehrte
Society of Zurich, and of other Societies in Leipzig, England.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 663. Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
Balthasar Haug, Das Gelehrte Wirtemberg, 25), vi. p. 576.
Stuttgart, 1790, p. 151 (list of his writings). Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Histonque de la Mtde-
Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 798.
der jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 5te Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mddicale, 1855, ii.
Ausgabe, Lemgo, 1798, vi. pp. 321-324 ; 1803, x. p. 692.
p. 470. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
Johann Jacob Gradmann, Das gelehrte Schwaben : worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 613.
oder Lexicon der jetztlebenden sclvwabischen Schrift- Dictionnaire Encyclop/*dique des Sciences Mldi-
iteller (Ravensburg), 1802, p. 486 (from Meusel cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1876, iv. p. 310.
and personal information). Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hcrvorragen-
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iv.
. . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexiko, 1819, vi. p. 714 (by Pagel).
col. 1883. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 93.
REVELATOR.
See MAGNI Philosophorum Arcani Revelator, 1688.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermdtique, 1742, iii. p. 101.
REYHER (SAMUEL).
Samuelis Reyheri, Jc. Antecessoris & Mathematum Professoris in Academia
Christian-Albertina Juridico-Philosophica Dissertatio de Nummis quibusdam
ex Chymico Metallo factis. Kilise Holsatorum, clolocxcn. Typis
Joachimi Reumanni, Acad. Typogr.
4°. Pp. [8], [i] 2-141. Index [3]. Folding plate of a Pedigree. Woodcuts of
medals, etc. , in the text.
KEY HER
261
REYHER (SAMUEL). Continued.
Reyher, son of Andreas Reyher, was born at
Schleusingen 19 April, 1635. After attending
school there, he went in 165410 Leipzig University,
and found a friend and patron in Andreas Winkler.
He became bachelor in 1655, master in 1656. He
then went to Holland, continued his studies at
Leyden, and returned to Leipzig. He delivered
lectures, but soon after was appointed tutor of the
eldest son of Duke Ernst in Gotha. In 1665 he was
made Doctor of Laws at Leyden, and, thereafter,
the same year was chosen professor of mathematics
and law at Kiel. He rose to various offices, was
a councillor, and a member of the Royal Academy of
Sciences at Berlin. He died at Kiel, 22 Nov., 1714.
He wrote very largely on optics, astronomy,
meteorology, &c. , and a tract ' De auro et argento
chymico,' which seems to be merely the present
work under another title. In the present work,
besides describing coins made from chemical gold
and silver, he has chapters on Chemical Enigmas,
Goldmaking among the Egyptians, on Mercury,
on the goodness of chemical gold, on the Canon
law condemning goldmaking, opinions of jurists
about artificial gold, &c., winding up with the
narratives of the curious occurrence at Walkenried.
In the Benedictine monastery of Walkenried,
afterwards used as a school, the boys were trying
one day in the cloister who could jump the farthest,
when one of them lighted on a place where he
stuck fast and could not be moved by his com-
panions. The master came, and when he too
failed, it occurred to him that the place must be
spell-bound, so that the boy could not get away
until something hidden was revealed. So he bade
the boy look about him and when he observed
letters and marks on the wall, and had shown them
to the master, the latter understood that treasure
was concealed there, and the boy was forth with
free to move from the enchanted place. When all
was quiet the master returned, opened the place
indicated in the wall, abstracted a small box and
then disappeared, leaving his belongings behind
him. From which people suspected that the box
had contained the ' Lapis philosophicus.' Wishing
confirmation of this narrative as 'given by Morhof,
Reyher got a letter from a bookseller in Liineberg,
Johann Stern by name, to this effect: 'In 1656,'
he says, 'when I was living at Wolffenbiittel, I was
asked by my cousin to visit the rector at Walken-
ried and enquire how his son, who was on that
foundation, was getting on. I did so, and stopped
there a couple of days on account of the quiet and
solitude of the place, the rector, when he had
leisure, conducting me over the ruins.
' As we were walking in the cloister, he said he
must tell me a queer story. Sometime previously,
For chemical coins and medals, see Buddeus,
Qucestio an Alchemista sint in Republica toler-
andil Halae Magdeb., 1702, and in Roth-Scholtz,
Deutsches TheatrumCIu-micum, 1728, i. (in German).
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp.
198, 262.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 274.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1013.
Moller, Cimbria l.iterata, 1744, ii. pp. 716-725,
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2038 ; Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdns-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1916.
Mor^ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 1759,
IX. i. p. 154.
Haller, Bibliotheca Analomica, 1774, i. p. 481 ;
I777. »• P- 769.
in the cloister, the boys made a mark and tried
who could jump beyond it. When so engaged one
boy landed with both feet on a spot where he stood
firmly fixed. The boys in their alarm pulled him
but in vain, and then they told the rector, who also
was unable to help him. He, however, after long
consideration directed the boy to look for marks or
signs, and at last on a pillar he saw some Greek
writing which he had to repeat. So much the
rector gathered that in the pillar there was a vessel
with money, and whoever trod upon this particular
place would see the writing and reveal the secret.
As soon as this happened the boy was free to go.
In the pillar was found a stone vessel containing
money, and it and its contents were sent to Zelle,
to Duke Christian Ludwig.'
The date of this letter, Reyher tells us, was about
the Kalends of April, 1690, which date can hardly
miss being correct.
Still another and more lurid version was sent to
Reyher by Dr. Jacob Weit, physician of the Duke
of Saxony, and an excellent chemist.
' At Walkenried some six and thirty or forty
years ago [therefore just about the same time as
the preceding], there was a college, and above the
cloister a hall, before the old building had fallen to
pieces ; on the ceiling a circle, and on the wall
certain writing and characters. In the window
was a chest very carefully built of stone.
' A scholar having come within the circle, was
unable to move from the place. The circle and
writing on the wall were otherwise not visible
except at the very moment which the scholar had
chanced upon. But just at this point he both saw
the circle above him, and could read the writing on
the east wall, and could find to the south the stone
box strangely marked out. Thereupon he was free
to step out of the circle.
' I have since then,' continues Weit, ' frequently
myself examined the chest along with others ; but
in 1687 I had the fancy to go with some persons
to the hall and try the effect of the divining rod ;
and as we were not far from the box, we observed
the rod to be strongly attracted. We had to
relinquish our designs, however, on account of the
great terror which fell upon us. For though it was
broad day, it became obscure about us, and with-
out our frightening each other, we all grew pale,
and when we found ourselves once more in safety
we each had the same story to tell, namely that we
felt as if a wind had passed through us and we
were being drawn up to the ceiling by the hair.'
An adventure more appropriate to the venerable
ruin, with its lovely double cloister — where Basil
Valentin is said to have worked — than that of the
jumping boys.
De Feller, Dictionnaire Historique, 1793, vii.
p. 606.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 330.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 205.
Aikin, General Biography, 1813, viii. p. 515.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816, xxvi. p. 150.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 382.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 617.
Kopp. Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 89, sqq.
H. C. Bolton, Contributions of Alchemy to
Numismatics, read to the New York Numismatic
and Archaeological Society, Dec. 5, 1889, N. York,
1890, 4°, pp. 44.
262
RHAZES
RHAZES.
Excerpta ex libro luminis luminum.
See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita Novella, 1546, f. 167.
Excerpta aus dem Buche, lumen luminum genannt.
See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita, 1714, p. 394.
Abu Bekr Muhammed Ben Zakeriyah er-Rasi,
called Rasis, Razis, Rhasis, Rhazes, was the son of
a merchant of Ray in Irak, Chorassan, where he
was born about 850-860. In his younger years he
was most attracted by music, and until the age of
thirty he was known only as a good singer and lute
player, though he pursued also the business of a
money changer. Dissatisfied, however, with this
manner of life, he devoted himself with intense zeal
to the study of philosophy and medicine, and went
to Bagdad, where he was a pupil of Ibn Zein el-
Taberi. Having acquired great knowledge, he
returned to Ray, and was appointed director of the
Hospital, from which he was subsequently pro-
moted to the same office in the Hospital at Bagdad.
His lectures and demonstrations were numerously
attended, and he attracted students from foreign
countries. He studied, and practised, and wrote,
and was called ' the observer ' on account of his
attention to the phenomena which passed before
him. His authorities were Hippocrates, Galen,
Aetius, Oribasius, and Paulus Aegineta, and he
travelled far and wide to gain experience and to
converse with learned men.
To the prince El Mansur, a rich, learned and
powerful ruler, he dedicated a medical work el-
Mansuri, and he visited him in order to present
him with his ' Compendium of Chemistry.' The
prince was delighted and gave him 1000 dinars,
but expressed a desire to see some practical proof
of the statements in the book, and supplied the
apparatus and funds required. The experiments,
however, would not succeed, and El Mansur then
got angry and said : ' I should never have thought
a philosopher capable of deliberate falsehood in a
work represented by him as a scientific treatise,
which will engage people's hearts in a labour from
which they can draw no advantage ; I have rewarded
you richly for your trouble, and now I must punish
you for your affirmation of lies.' Whereupon he
struck him across the head with a whip and sent
him straightway back to Bagdad. By this blow,
it is said, Rhazes had one of his eyes injured,
Symphorianus Champerius, Libelliduo. Primus
de Medicine Claris scriptoribus, no place and date
(Lyons, 1506?), f. xxj. ve>so.
Gesner, Bibliotheca Vniuersalis, Tiguri, 1545,
f. 578 verso.
Wolfgang Justus (Jobst), Chronologia sive Tem-
porum supputatio omnium il/ustrium Medicorum,
Francophorti ad Viadrum, 15 -,6, p. 98.
Paschalis Gallus, Bibliotheca Medica, Basil., 1590,
pp. 265-266 (list of editions).
Spachius, Nomtnclator Scriptorum Medicorum,
1591, pp. 108, no, 123, 141.
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre,
1599, p. 143.
Joannes Georg. Schenckius, Biblia latrica, sive
Bibliotheca Medica macta, continuata, consum-
mata, Francof., 1609, pp. 461-62.
Castellanus, Vita illustrium Medicorum, 1617,
p. 142.
Maier, Symbola Aureee Mensee, 1617, p. 211.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 2154.
and it ended in him becoming totally blind. When
he was urged to have an operation performed,
he refused, with the reply : ' I have seen the
world. ' ' Hoc vero verbere Rex Rasaeo et lacrymas
et verba ista : lam vidi mundum extorsit,' as
Spizelius puts it. He died at a good age about
923 or 932, but various dates are given.
He is the reputed author of a great number of
works on medicine and philosophy and science,
lists of which are given by Casiri, Von Hammer-
Purgstall and Wiistenfeld, from Ibnol-Kofthi, the
Fihrist, and other sources.
On chemistry he is reputed to have written several
works : Duodecim libri de arte chemica ; Arcan-
orum liber ; Perfectionis liber ; Liber Lapidis
minor ; Confirmatio artis chimias ; but for their
authenticity I cannot vouch.
One says that only quotations from his chemical
writings remain, and that those which pass under
his name are fictitious ; whereas others say that
they are on the whole genuine.
The works of Hippocrates, Galen and Rhazes
were the classical authorities at Louvain in 1617
when Eloy was there, so that the medical schools
were still in the leading strings of authority even at
that time. Judgment, of course, has been passed
upon him : Arnaldus said that he was ' in specula-
tione clarus, in opere promptus, injudicio providus,
in experientia probatus ' ; another says, 'As a
philosopher, Rhazes was a barbarous eclectic ; as a
physician his reputation is based legitimately only
on his description of the smail-pox. '
These opinions are perhaps not quite so discor-
dant as they seem to be.
Rhazes is credited with a great number of wise
remarks applicable to the practice of the physician.
But there is one which is not inappropriate to the
present subject, and therefore may be quoted :
' Who knows not chemistry does not deserve the
name of philosopher.' A like observation was
made by Matthiolus. The lapse of a thousand
years has only intensified its truth.
Theophilus Spizelius, Sacra Bibliothecarum illus-
trium Arcana retecta, sive MSB. theologicorum in
pracipius EuropcBBibliothecisextanrium designatio,
cum preliminari dissertatione, Specimine nova
Bibliotheca Universalis et Coronide Philologica,
Augustas Vindelicorum, 1668. (In the ' Specimen
Bibliothecee universalis,' sig. 1 5 recto, under Abu-
bether or Abubeker, printed editions are enumerated
and Ibn Khallikan's account of what El Mansour
said and did to him is quoted.)
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 3-5 (list
of his works).
Herbelot, Bibliotheque Orientale, 1697, p. 712.
Christianus Joan. Langius, ' Historia Medica,'
p. 16, in Opera Omnia Medica, ed. Rivinus,
Lipsise, 1704.
Philippe Hecquet, Liber de purganda Medicina
a curarum sordibus, 1714, Proloquium, p. viii.
Joh. Christoph. Wolfius, Bibliotheca Hebraa
1715, i. p. 1012, No. 1904 ; 1733, iv. p. 746, No.
xi.
RHAZES-RHENANUS
263
RHAZES. Continued.
Barchusen, De Medicines Origine et Progressu
Dissertation.es, 1723, Diss. xvii. § 12, p. 295.
Freind, The History of Physick, 1725, i. pp. 72,
98, 278 (chemical operations) ; 1726, ii. pp. 43-47
(life and standing) ; 50-69 (review of his opinions
and practice) ; 88, 89, 197, 198, &c.
Leo Africanus, ' De viris quibusdam illustrious
apud Arabes libellus,' cap. vi. , in Fabricius' Biblio-
theca Grceca, 1726, xiii. p. 266. (Leclerc says it is
full of errors. )
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. pp. 57-58.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Mtdicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 104, 547, 714, 742.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1732, i. col. 218 (under
Abubeker).
Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomiccs Specimen,
1734, P- 37-
Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Introductio in His-
toriam litterariam Anatomes, Francof. a. V.,
1738, p. 108.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740,
P- 704-
Petrus a Castro, Bibliotheca Medici eruditi, ed.
Andreas Pasta, Bergomi, 1742, p. 31.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermt'tiijite, 1742, i. pp. 80, 465 ; iii. pp. 52, 153.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten -Lexicon, 1750, i.
col 43.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, i. p. 497; ii. pp. 581, 678, 716.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 132.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historiqut de la Mtdecine,
1755, 'ii. p. 323 ; 1778, iv. pp. 56-61.
MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759,
IX. i. p. 70.
Casiri, Bibliotheca Arabico-Hispana Escurialen-
sis, 1760, i. pp. 262, 266, &c. , &c.
Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 44 (a mere mention).
Brucker, Historia critica philosophies, 1766, iii.
P- 79-
Portal, Histoire de I Anatomieet de la Chirurgie,
1770, i. pp. 140-144.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 180 ;
1772, ii. pp. 642, 643.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 129.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 127.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1776, i.
p. 364.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 98, 505.
Metzger, Skizse einer pragmatischen Liter ar-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 115, §118.
Aikin, General Biography, 1813, viii. p. 519.
Lives of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philosophy,
1814. p. 7.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816, xxvi. p. 167.
Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xxx. sub Rhazes.
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. i.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1823, ii.
pp. 390-412.
Biographic Universelle, 1824, xxxvii. p. 186 ; no
date, xxxv. p. 272.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 95.
Hadji Khalfa, Lexicon- BMiographicum et Ency-
clopeedicum, ed. Fliigel, 1835-1858 ; ii. pp. 5, 581 ;
iii. 12, 108, 640; iv. 343 ; v. 61, 245, 271, 280 ; vi.
42, 186.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mfde-
cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 800.
Isensee, Die Geschichte der Medicin, 1840, i. pp.
189, 199, 200, 201, 259.
Wustenfeld, Geschichte der Arabischen Aerzte
und Naturforsc her, 1840, pp. 40-49.
Choulant, Handbuch der Bucherkunde fitr die
Geschichte . . . der dltern Medicin, Leipzig, 1841,
pp. 340-345-
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. pp. 323-
325 ; 1866, i. pp. 340-343.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 56;
1844, ii. p. 201 ; 1847, iv. pp. 180, 274 (distillation
and spirit of wine).
Wm. Alex. Greenhill, ' A Treatise on the Sinall-
Pox and Measles,' by Rhazes, Sydenham Society,
1848, 8°, with introduction, prefaces, text, notes
and indices.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp.
138, 142 ; 1849, ii. p. 70.
Von Hammer, Literaturgeschichte der Araber,
1853, iv. pp. 357-376.
Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Naturelles au
Moyen Age, Paris, 1853, pp. 158 (his life), 185
(chemical knowledge).
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, i.
p. 97 (a long account).
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855- PP- ?8, 381. 961-
Chwolsohn, Die Ssabier und der Ssabismus,
St. Petersburg, 1856, ii. p. xiv.
Ernst F. H. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik,
1856, iii. pp. 120-121, 155, 167-170, 235, 468.
Knight, The English Cyclopcedia. (Biography),
1857, v. col. 69.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 620.
Nouvelle Biographic Gtntrale, 1866, xli. col.
779 (and references).
Ibn Khallikan, Biographical Dictionary, by
MacGuckin de Slane, 1868, iii. pp. 311-314.
Daremberg, Histoire des Sciences Medicales,
1870, i. pp. 272, 273, 314.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 670.
Kit&b al-Fihrist, ed. Fliigel, 1871, i. (text)
p. 299 ; 1872, ii (notes) p. 144.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdiquc des Sciences Mddi-
cales, 1874, 3eme Seiie, ii. p. 580 (article by
Leclerc).
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1875, i. pp. 524,
568, 581 ; 1882, iii. pp. 61, 374.
Lucien Leclerc, Histoire de la Medecine Arabe,
1876, i. pp. 336-354; 338. 339, 352 (alchemy);
(Leclerc corrects errors in Casiri, Wustenfeld, and
others).
Hirsch, Lexikon der hervorragenden Aerste aller
Zeiten und Volker, 1884, i. pp. 168-170 (by Hirsch).
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 169.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 112.
J. Berendes, Die Pharmacte bei den alteren
Culturvolkem, 1891, ii. pp. 125-138.
RHENANUS QOHANN).
Urocriterium Chymiatricum, sive Ratio Chymiatrica Exacte Dijudicandi Urinas
ex Tribus Principiis activis, & uno Passive, hactenus neglectis Aphoristice
264
RHENANUS
Marpurgi Cattorum Ex Officina
RHENANUS QOHANN). Continued.
ostensa, Auctore Johanne Rhenano Hasso.
Kezeliana. M.DC.IX.
8°. Sigs. i leaf, A3, B-E in eights, E3 blank, or, pp. [69, 3 blank], not numbered.
Folding table.
Another edition is mentioned: Francof. , 1614, 8°, and it is contained in the collected works,
P. 327.
Johannis Rhenani, Medici Celeberrimi, Opera Chymiatrica, quae hactenus in
Lucem prodierunt omnia, a plurimis, quae in prioribus editionibus irrepserant,
mendis vindicata, & selectissimis medicamentis aucta, inque vnum fasciculum
collecta, quorum catalogum versa indicabit pagina. Francofurti Sumptibus
Conradi Eifridi. Anno M DC XXXV.
8°. Pp. [31, i blank] 367 [i blank]. Folding table. 44 woodcuts of apparatus. Vignette.
An edition of Frankfurt, 1641, is reported and
there is one : Francofurti, apud Jacobum Gotho-
fredum Seylerum. Anno MDCLXVIII. 8°, pp.
[2] [15; i blank] 367 [i blank] ; folding table.
This is a reissue of the remainder of the 1635
edition with a new and new-dated title-page want-
ing the symbolical vignette, and with the omission
of the Epistola Dedicatoria to Bruno Carol us ab
Uffeln, dated 1634, and the half-title to the ' Chy-
miotechnica.' It is not really a new edition.
The writings contained in this collection are
these :
Solis e Puteo emergentis, hoc est, Chymiotech-
nicorum Libri III., pp. 1-179.
The first book contains a description, with illus-
trations, of chemical apparatus, of operations, and
of the preparation of certain substances. Book
second deals with the ' Lapis Philosophicus," Book
third is a ' Clavis & Manuductio in libros Theo-
phrasti Paracelsi.'
Aureus Tractatus de Philosophorum Lapide.
Ab adhuc vivente, sed anonymo Philosopho Ger-
manice in lucem emissus, nunc autem in Latinum
donatus, pp. 181-253.
This tract, says Rhenanus in his prefatory note
to the reader, appeared originally in the Dyas
Tripartita of Heermann Condeesyanus, and was
subsequently rendered into Latin in an inaccurate
and misleading version by some one ignorant of
chemistry, and published by Lucas Jennis at
Frankfurt in the MUSEUM HERMETICUM (q.v.\
He, therefore, thought it worth while to give a
correct translation.
Epistola de Solutione et Menstruo Philosophorum.
T. G. Chymiatrophili ad Dn. Auctorem, pp.
254-257-
Responsio Auctoris, pp. 258-271.
Antidotarium Pestilentiale. Hoc est : Brevis
quidem, sed ex rei medicas fontibus petitus, de
horrenda ilia lue pestifera, eiusque origine, opera-
tionibus, & curatione discursus . . . Lingua ver-
nacula olim in lucem emissus a Johanne Rhenano.
Nunc vero in Latinam linguam translatus per
Fridericum Vogt, Medicum Hassum, pp. 273-326.
Vrocriterium Chymiatricum, siue Ratio Chy-
miatrica exacte diiudicandi vrinas ex tribus
principiis actiuis, & vno passiuo, hactenus neglectis ;
aphonstice ostensa: Auctore Johanne Rhenano,
pp. 327-367.
The author's name was properly Rheinland, and
he was the son of Dr. Martin Rhenanus, and
grandson of Johannes Rhenanus, who was first
preacher and afterwards superintendent of the
salt works at Allendorf. Rhenanus was born at
Cassel, but Strieder was unable to ascertain the
date either of his birth or death.
He studied at Marburg under Hartmann, took
the degree of M.D. in 1610, and became physician
in Cassel of the Landgrave Moritz, who employed
him actively in chemical experiments. His wife
died in September, 1637, aged 57, and the marriage
of a son, Johannes, in 1632, is mentioned.
Besides the present works there are the following:
Dissertatio chymiotechnica, in qua totius opera-
tionis chymicag methodus practica clare ob oculos
ponitur . . . sub praesidio . . . Johannis Hart-
manni . . . Marpurgi Cattorum, 1610, 4°, with a
folding table.
The title ' Opera chymiatrica ' is not that given
originally to the above book. It is :
Solis e puteo emergentis : sive Dissertationis
chymiotechnicEE Libri tres. In quibus totius Opera-
tionis chymicas methodus Practica : Materia lapidis
Philosophic!, & nodus (sic) soluendi eius, operan-
dique, vt & Clavis operum Paracelsi, qua abstrusa
explicantur deficientia supplentur. Cum praefa-
tione Chymiae Veritatem asserente. Authore
loanne Rhenano, Medico. Liber primus. Franco-
furti, M.DC.XIII, 4°. Engraved border round the
title, folding table, woodcuts in the text. In tbree
parts, with separate title-pages and pagination.
Numerous editions are recorded : Francof., 1623,
8° ; 1625, 1635, 8° (as above), 1641, 8° ; 1668, 8s;
1676, 8°.
Antidotarium Pestilentiale, Frankf., 1613-4 (in
German).
Syntagma harmoniae chymico-philosophicae sive
philosophorum antiquorum conscientium hactenus
quidem plurimum desideratorum sed nondum in
lucem publicam editorum, collectum & distributum
in certas decades, Francof., 1625, 8°.
This work ' Syntagma harmoniae chymico-philo-
sophicse ' is presumably identical with one which
bears a somewhat different title : Harmoniae im-
perscrutabilis chimico-philosophicae decades duas,
quibus continentur auctores de Lapide, Francofurti,
1625, 8° ; of the twenty tracts in which a list is
given by Lenglet Dufresnoy. He also states that
it is a continuation of a collection with the same
title, but containing three decades of hitherto unpub-
lished tracts, madefy Hermann Condeesyanus,
Francofurti, 1625, 8°. I do not know whether this
is a fact, or not, but I doubt it. In the British
Museum Catalogue, under Condeesyanus, there is
the following entry : Harmoniae inperscrutabilis
Chymico-Philosophicae, sive philosophorum anti-
quorum consentientium . . . nondum in lucem . . .
missorum decas I, ... Collectae ab H. C. D,
VNIVEi
RHENANUS—RHUMELIUS
RHENANUS (JOHANN). Continued.
(Decas II. Collecta studio et industria J. Rhenani.)
2 pt. Francofurti, 1625, 8°. This contains the
twenty tracts. (There is, by the way, no cross re-
ference in the B. M. Catalogue from Rhenanus to
Condeesyanus.)
Two works in manuscript by him remain :
Secreta quaedam de praeparatione lapidis philo-
sophic!, and Speculum aestheticum, a comedy in
which all the senses take part and the tongue has
,1 contention with the others.
The grandfather, who seems to have been a
person of great energy and spirit, passed an active
and unsettled life and had disputes and quarrels
with a number of people. Objection was taken to
Draudius, Bibliotheca classica, 1625, pp. 899,
1002.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 196.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 666 (list
of his books).
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 59.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 70S-
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Herm^tique, 1742, iii. pp. 42, 274, 275.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1128.
Jocher, Allgemeints Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
RHODARGIRUS (LUCAS).
See RODARGIRUS (LUCAS).
his being both a clergyman and a saltmaker; the
saltmakers disliked his innovations, and his salary
was occasionally withheld from him. He was,
however, the ablest of his family, and his grandson
speaks of him making a discovery of coal and using
it for salt-boiling, which would be somewhere
about the year 1580. His life was described by
U. F. Kopp in his ' Beytrag zur Geschichte
des Salzwerks in den Soden bei Allendorf an der
Werra,' Marburg, 1788, 8°, from which Strieder has
taken his account, and more recently there is a
biography by H. Cramer : Johannes Rhenanus der
Pfarrherr und Salzgrafe zu Allendorf an der Werra,
Halle, 1879, 8°, pp. 41.
col. 2046 ; Rotermund's Fortselzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1949.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
P- 433- .
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 515.
Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelehrten
und Schriftsteller Geschichte, Cassel, 1797, xi. pp.
310-321.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 106, 109, 124, 132.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p.
353-
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, »• P- 333 :
1869, ii. p. 325.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 343, 353, 389.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 115.
RHODIANUS.
See RACHAIDIBI.
Rhodianus is one of the group of writers whose
joint production is printed in some of the editions
of Geber's works, as well as in the ' Ars aurifera* and
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni
tre, 1599, p. 143.
Maier, Symbola A urea Menses, 1617, p. 522.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 197, 255.
other collections. So far as I have seen, nothing is
known about them conjointly or separately, though
they are mentioned by several writers.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 171.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 130.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 130.
RHOMBUS (AGRICOLA).
Vade-mecum Philosophicum.
See PHILALETHA (/EYREN^EUS), Enarratio, 1678, p. 189.
Semler says that Rhomneus was the same person
as Starkey, and that the name Agricola Rhomaeus
is a translation of George Starkey, where ^«/tcuoj
is a play upon Stark, or Starkey, the Strong ; so
that Rhomaeus is really the same person as Hhila-
letha.
Ladrague's view is that Rhomaeus is only one of
Philaletha's numerous pseudonyms, and commits
the common error of confusing him with Thomas
Vaughan, or Eugenius Fhilalethes.
Semler, UnparUiische Samlungen xur Historie Ladrague, Bibliothlque Ouvaroff,
der Rose nkreuzer, 1788, iv. p. 51. Secrttts, 1870, No. 1169 note.
Sciences
RHUMELIUS (JOHANN CONRAD).
Experiments.
See COI.SON (LAN-CELOT), Philosophia Maturata, 1668, p. 82.
266
RHUMELIUS
RHUMELIUS (JOHANN CONRAD). Continued.
His first name is not given in Colson's little col-
lection, but as he is styled " Rumelius of New-
Market," as if he belonged to the Eastern Counties
and was connected with the Turf, there can hardly
be a doubt that he means Johann Conrad Rhu-
melius of Neumark.
Johann Konrad Rhumel, called also Janus Chun-
radus, was born at Neagora, or Neumark, in the
Upper Palatinate, 30 August, 1597, and became
skilful in the fine arts, especially in poetry. He
studied theology and then medicine at Heidelberg
and Strasburg, and spent some time in travelling
in France, England, Scotland and Holland. He
served in 1621 as ' Medicus Castrensis ' with the
army of Ernest, Count Mansfeld, and in 1622 with
Albert Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, after which he
settled in his own country as a practitioner, and on
29 June, 1630, graduated M.D. at Altorf. The
Draudius, Bibliotheca Classica, 1625, p. 1554
(' Acidulae Goeppingenses . . . laudatce,' Amb. ,
1597, 8°), & passim.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medids libri duo,
1637, p. 235 (enters his name as lanus Chunradus
Rhumelius, and gives the dates of his works as
between 1624-30).
Borel, Bibliolheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 166, 197.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 689.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 559
(calls him Johannes Conradus Rhumelius).
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 1389, portrait, plate 64 (gives a lengthy
account of him).
Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig.
Qqq 3 verso, 1661 ; (list of his curious works).
Portal, Histoire de I 'Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 444.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 62.
Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomicce Specimen,
1734, p. 228.
following year, January 29, he removed to Niirn-
berg, as ' medicus collegiatus Norimbergensis,' and
9 Oct., 1634, was made physician in ordinary to
the Xenodochium ad Spiritum Sanctum. At
the same time he was physician of Prince Augustus
of Anhalt. He died i Sept., 1661, of paralysis.
He wrote some works on medicine — his book,
Partus humanus, Amberg., 1628, 8°, seems to be
extremely scarce — some religious and poetical works
— he turned Daniel and the Apocalypse into hexa-
meters, and his poems and apophthegms are to be
found in the Delitice Poetarum Germanicorutn, 1612,
v. p. 837 — and one which may be mentioned here :
Compendium Hermeticum de Macrocosmo &
Microcosmo totius Philosophies & Medicinae cogni-
tionem compendiose complectens : additum est
Dispensatorium chymicum novum de vera medica-
mentorum prceparatione, Francof. , 1635, 12°.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1183.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, i. p. 387; ii. pp. 597, 880.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751,
iii. col. 2056.
Matthias, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, pp. 365 (the elder), 530 (the younger).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 353.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
pp. 323 (points out difficulties of date in Mercklin's
account), 587.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iv. p. 64.
Anton Maria Kobolt, Baierisches Gelehrten-
Lexikon, Landshut, 1795, p. 558.
Biographic Medicate, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 5.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde-
cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 803.
Dictionnaire Encyclopldique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme Serie, 1877, v. p. 13.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 166.
RHUMELIUS QOHANN PHARAMUND).
lohann-Pharam. Rhumelii. Opuscula Chymico-Magico-Medica. Darinnen allerley
Artzneyen, wider jnerliche vnd ausserliche Gebrechen der VVeiber : Vnterricht
allerley Briich vnd Fiirfall an Mannern vnd Weibern, ohne Schnidt vnd
Schmertzen zuheilen : die versehrte Blasen, vnd die den Vrin nicht halten
konnen, zu curiren : Auch das Podagra magnetice zu vertreiben. Item
Panacea Aurea, oder griindliche Beschreibung defs Auri Potabilis : Aller
Balsam, sampt jhrem Brauch: Aller warmen Bader, wie auch Basilica
Chymica, vnd Spagyrisches Haufs- vnd Reise-Apotecklein, Mit angehengter
Kriegs-Artzney, vnd gantz newen vnd nutzlichen Hebammenkunst, Ge-
druckt im Jahr MDC.XXXV.
12°. Pp. [8]i-24O [21] 242-458. Index [7, 7 blank].
Cura Podagrica Magica.
The works in this collected edition are the fol-
lowing : Ginsecopharmaceutice, das ist : Weiber-
Artzney, wider allerhand gefahrliche, jnnerliche
vnnd ausserliche Kranckheiten defs Weiblichen
Geschlechts . . ., pp. 1-32.
Herniarum cura Magnetica. Das ist : Welcher
gestalt man allerley Rupturas, Weyd- vnd
Mutterbriiche, . . . allein Magnetice vnd per Trans-
plantationem curiren solle. Getruckt im Jahr,
M.DC.XXXIV., pp. 33-69.
Das ist : Kurtze doch
eygentliche Beschreibung, wie man das schmertz-
haffte Podagram, vnd Zipperlein, allein Magnetice
& per Transplantationem curiren soil. Gedruckt
im Jahr, M.DC.XXXIV., pp. 71-89.
Panacea Aurea. Das ist : Kurtze doch griind-
liche Philosophische Beschreibung seines Auri
potabilis . . . Getruckt im Jahr, M.DC.XXXIV.,
pp. 91-133.
Thermarum et Acidularum Descnptio, Das ist :
RHUMELIUS
267
RHUMELIUS QOHANN PHARAMUND). Continued.
Wild-Bads Beschreibung, . . . Vornemlich aber
auff den Griefsbacher, Petersthaler vnnd Egerischen
Saur-Brunnen gerichtet. . . . Getruckt im Jahr,
M. DC. XXXIV., pp. 135-170. (At the end is a list
of the baths and springs.)
Basilica Chymica, . . . Das ist : Spagirisch
Konilich Kleinot vnnd warhaffte Beschreibung
seiner vortrefflichen Chymischen Artzneyen . . .
Getruckt im Jahr, M. DC. XXXIV., pp. 171-209.
KciroTTTpoj' Arculae medico-pharmaceuticae . . .
Ein spagirisches Haufs- oder Reifs-Apotecklein . . .
neben angehenckter Balsam-Kunst . . . Anno
M.DC.XXXIV., pp. 211-240.
(At .the end is a list of his medicines, with the
prices. )
Medicamenta militaria dogmatica, hermetica et
magica. Das ist : Aufserlesene vnd experiment-
irte Kriegs Artzney, rait welchen ein Feld- oder
Hand Apotecken aufsgeriistet, vnd ein jeder Soldat
auff den Nothfall (ihme selbsten zu Nutz) versehen
seyn solle. . . . Gedruckt im Jahr, 1634, pp. 241-338.
De Gravidarum, Parientium et Puerperarum
Affectibus & Morbis. Das ist : Gantz newe, niitz-
liche vnd hochnothwendige Hebammenkunst, . . .
PP- 339-428.
Phalaia Tripartita, Das ist : Griindlicher be-
richt wie man die Mumiam Microcosmi ohne
gefahr erlagen, kiinstlich bereiten vnd als ein
Panaceam in alien folgenden Kranckheiten gebiir-
lichen gebrauchen solle, pp. 429-458.
All the tracts have separate title-pages, included
in the pagination.
Medicina Spagyrica oder Spagyrische Artzneykunst. In welcher ,
I. Compendium Hermeticum, darinnen die Kranckheiten in gemein in
ihrem Ursprung zu erkennen, und wie sie zu curiren.
II. Antidotarium Chymicum, darinnen allerhand Chymische Medicamenta.
III. Jatrium Chymicum, darinnen unterschiedliche Kranckheiten auff
Spagyrische Weifs zu curiren gelehret wird.
Erstlich von Johanne Pharamundo Rhumelio, Stiickweifs an Tag geben, jetzo
aber mit Hinzuthuung Pharmacopceae Chymicae und Herbarii Hermetici
zusammen gelesen, und in gewisse Ordnung gebracht. Editio Secunda.
M.DC.LXII. Franckfurt, Jn Verlegung Christian Hermsdorffs.
12°. Pp. [60, engraved title included] 769 [misprinted 169] [23]. Wants pp. 291-
310. The engraved title is as follows : Medicina Spagijrica Tripartita oder Spagij-
rische Artzneijkunst in dreij theil getheilet. Authore, Johanne Pharamundo Rhumelio.
Franckfurt. beij Christian Hermsdorffen, 1662. The ornamental border contains
dexter and sinister, within niches, each surmounted by a pyramidal terminal, Hermes
and Arnoldus de V. N. ; below Hermes is a sick-room, below Arnoldus an apothecary's
shop ; in the centre, a furnace with a flask ; above, in the centre, is an alchemical
symbol : a dove descending from the sun to the earth from which two serpents are
protruding.
The contents of the present book are the
following :
I. Compendium Hermeticum, p. i.
II. Compendium Hermeticum aliud, p. 79.
III. Antidotarium Chymicum, p. 101, containing :
1. Pharmacopaea Chymica, p. 103.
2. Basilica Chymica. p. 157.
3. Arcula Medico-Pharmaceutica, p. 195.
4. Phalaia Tripartita, p. 219.
5. Appendix de auro potabili triplici, p. 227.
6. Panacea Aurea, p. 231.
7. Avicula Hermetis catholica. De mercurio,
sulphure, et sale philosophorum in uno
subjecto, p. 271.
[8. Canticum Canticorum, p. 300] wanting.
9. Thermarum & acidularum descriptio, p.
305. First portion wanting.
10. Herbarium Hermeticum, p. 337.
IV. latrium Chymicum, p. 357, containing :
1. Medicina militaris, p. 359.
2. Medicina mulierum, p. 451.
3. Obstetrix, p. 485.
4. Puerpera, p. 551.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 658.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 261 (under Pharamund).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1184.
5. Lues Epidemia, p. 571.
6. Elixir vitae, p. 656.
7. Herniarum cura magnetica, p. 673.
8. Cura podagrica magica p. 708.
9. Leo rubeus antipodagricus fixis, p. 726.
10. Vade mecum catholicum, p. 738.
11. Viaticum Chymicum, p. 762.
Pharamund Rhumelius was a younger son of
Johann Conrad Rhumelius, who lived between
1574 and 1630, settled at Neumark, but having to
leave on account of his being a Roman Catholic,
retired to Niirnberg, where he died. Hardly any-
thing is said about his life. He wrote the above
works, and under the pseudonym of Solomon
Raphael published one or two others.
Haller does not speak of him in laudatory terms.
Of the Kriegs- Artzney, of which he quotes an
edition, Ntirnberg, 1632, 16°, he says : ' Formulae
pro militibus, quibus & chirurgica medicamenta, &
proprie clinica continentur. Multa superstitiosa.
Opusculum hominis de Paracelsi secta,' and else-
where he calls him ' superstitiosus et credulus. '
Boerhaave, Methodui Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, ii. pp. 739, 914.
Jocher, Allgemcines Gclehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2057.
268 RHUMELIUS—RHYTHMI
RHUMELIUS (JOHANN PHARAMUND). Continued.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp.
1751, II. ii. p. 62. 572-3-
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 138 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
(partial commendation only). 25), vii. p. 5.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 384. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
('Compendium hermeticum,' Francof. , 1635.) p. 288.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 323. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Haller, Bibliotheca. Medicines practice, 1777, ii. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1080, 1613.
p. 585. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 166.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mfdecine,
1778, iv. p. 64.
RHYTHM!
Rythmi.
See MAIER (MICHAEL), Symbola Aureae Mensas, 1617, p. 274.
This is a I^atin translation of the verses which accompany some of the allegorical pictures in Reusner's
' Pandora.'
They begin : Hie nata est Imperatrix ditissima.
Rythmi.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum ; Epilogus Orthelii,
1624, pp. 230-232.
Though the title is in Latin, the book is in German. The verses begin :
Hier ist dein Blut
O Helden Muht
Clarificirt
In Reichtufn gefiirt &c.
Rhytmi parvi Germanici.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. pp. 521-522.
This is a Latin translation of the preceding, and it begins :
Nunc est 6 Heros sanguis tuus
Clarjficatus, & divitiis perfusus.
Rhythmi Basilii.
See BASIL1US VALENTINUS.
See SCHULER (CONRAD).
See MEISNER (LORENTZ), Gemma Gemmarum Alchimistarum, 1608, sig. A 8, verso.
This is a reprint of Schiller's ' Aufslegung.'
Rythmi Germanici, von diesem hogen Tincturwerck. Anonymi Authoris.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora Magnalium Naturalium Aurea et Benedicta,
1608, pp. 263-268.
See ALTE TEUTSCHE REIMEN von der philosophischen Materie ; No. ii. Eine feine
Beschreibung der philosophischen Materie.
The verses begin :
Wilstu durch Gottes Gnad allein
Erlangen der Philosophen Stein, &c.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 898.
Rythmi de Opere universali ex ccelo soloque prodeunte.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum ; Epilogus Orthelii, 1624,
pp. 208-212.
This is in German, although the title is in Latin.
RHYTHM i— RICHARDSON 269
RHYTHMI. Continued.
See VERNUNFTIGE ERK.LARUNG der Smaragdenen Tafel des Hermes, 1760,
pp. 1 8-2 1.
This is reprinted from the preceding, but for ' soloque ' in the title there is substituted ' saleque. '
It begins :
Wilt du durch Gottes Gnad allein
Krlangen den philosophischen Stein, &c.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 511-513.
This is a Latin translation of the preceding, This set of verses corresponds to a certain
and it is called 'Summarhytniorum Germanicorum extent with the other entitled ' Rythmi Germanici,'
de opere universal!, . . . .' but there are a good many omissions and some
It begins : Si tibi animus est lapidem Philoso- alterations. In spite of that, however, they must
phorum per Dei gratiam consequendi, &c. be regarded as the same.
RICETTARIO.
Ricettario Florentine nuovamente compilato e ridotto all' uso moderno
Diviso in due Parti Parte Prima Firenze M DCC LXXXIX. Per
Gaetano Cambiagi Stampatore Granducale Con Approvazione.
4°. Pp. vii [i bl.] 350 [i, i blankj. The paging is continuous. Parte seconda
begins at p. 113.
II Ricettario Medicinale necessario a tutti i Medici, & Speziali. Nel quale
con bellissimo ordine si insegna tutto quello che si puo desiderare intorno
alia cognizione del prouedere, eleggere, conseruare, preparare, et comporre
qual si voglia sorte di Medicamento; Secondo 1' uso de' migliori e piu
eccellenti Medici.
Di nuouo per ordine dell' 111™0 & Ecc"!° S? Duca, & del S°.r Principe di
Fiorenza, & di Siena. Ricorretto, & ampliato da' dodici Reformatori periti
di tale Arte, & eletti da loro Ecc. Illust. Con Licenza de Superiori.
In Fiorenza Nella Stamperia de i Giunti MDLXVII. Con Priuilegij di
N. S. Pio Quinto, & del Duca di Fiorenza & di Siena.
Folio. Pp. [10] 246 [18, 30, 2 blank, wanting]. CC3 verso contains the Registro
and colophon : In Fiorenza nella Stamperia delli heredi di Bernardo Giunti 1567.
Ricettario Sanese diviso in quattro Parti Tomo Primo. II quale contiene la
prima, e seconda parte, cioe le Istituzioni de Farmacia, e la Serie dei
Medicamenti Galenici. In Siena MDCCLXXVIL Per Luigi, e Benedetto
Bindi Con Licenza de' Superiori.
4°. Pp. xviii [2] 373 [i blank].
Tomo secondo. II quale contiene la terza, e quarta Parte, cioe" gli Elementi di
Chimica, e la Serie dei Medicamenti Chimici ; aggiuntovi in fine il Catalogo delle
Droghe medicinali piii usate, e per le quali si richiede maggiore attenzione.
Pp. [4] 255 [i blank]. Folding plate of apparatus.
Appendice, pp. xxxvii [i blank].
RICHARDSON (W ).
Designed chiefly for the Use of Manufacturers. The Chemical Principles of the
Metallic Arts; with an account of the principal Diseases incident to the
different artificers ; the means of Prevention and Cure ; and a Concise
270 RICHARDSON-RICHARDUS ANGLICUS
RICHARDSON (W ). Continued.
Introduction to the Study of Chemistry. By W. Richardson, Surgeon,
F.S.A.Sc. Birmingham, Printed by Thomas Pearson ; and sold by R.
Baldwin, Pater-noster Row, London. MDCCXC.
8°. Pp. vi [5] xx-cii [2] 201 [i blank, 4 of index, 2 blank]. Three folding tables.
Richardson was a surgeon in Birmingham and He is not mentioned in the Dictionary of National
member of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Biography, and the book is just quoted by
He died in 1791 (?) and wrote the present book, which Allibone. It is one of the earliest dealing with
seems to be all that he published. It was trans- insalubrious trades, on which subject the most
lated into German with notes, Leipzig, 1792, 8°. important treatise is that by Dr. Oliver.
A Biographical Dictionary of the Living Authors Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors) ii.
of Great Britain and Ireland, London, 1816, p. 294. 8032.
(According to this Richardson was alive in 1814.) Allibone, A critical Dictionary oj English
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu Literature, 1878, ii. p. 1801.
. . . Jbchers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexico, 1819,
vi. col. 2032.
RICHARDUS ANGLICUS.
I. Correctorium Alchymiae Richardi Anglici. Das ist Reformierte
Alchimy, oder Alchimeibesserung, vnd Straffung der Alchimistischen Mifs-
prauch : vom Alten vnd langst-beriimten Medico, Richardo aus Engelland
beschriben.
II. Rainmundi (sic) Lulli Apertorium & Accuratio Vegetabilium. Von
eroffnung vn entdeckung wachsender Sachen, vn des Philosophischen steyns,
des Wolbekannten Philosophi vnd Eremiten Rainmundi Lulli Tractat.
III. Des Konigs Gebers aufs Hispanien Secretu, dessen sich die Venetianer
hoch austhun.
Alles nun erstmals zu dienst vnd nutz alien Reyner vnd Geheymnufsreicher
Artznei vbenden vn beliebenden inn Truck gefartigt. Zu Strafsburg, bei
Bernhart Jobin. Anno M.D.LXXXI.
8°. Ff. [8] 151. Cut close in front.
I. Correctorium, f. i. IIII. R. Lullius, Tractat vom Philosophischen
II. Reformirte Alchimei, f. 31. Steyn, f. 129.
III. R. Lullius, Apertorium, f. 81. V. Geber, Buch der Heyligkeit, oder Secretum,
f- 137-
I. Correctorivm Alchymiae Richardi Anglici. Das ist. Reformierte
Alchimy, oder Alchimeibesserung, vnd Straffung der Alchimistischen Mifs-
brauch : von Alten vnd langstberiimbten Medico, Richardo aufs Engellandt
beschriben.
II. Rainmvndi (sic) Lvlli Apertorium, & Accuratio Vegetabilium. Von
eroffnung vn entdeckung wachsender Sachen, vn des Philosophische steyns,
des Wolbekannten Philosophi vnd Eremiten Rainmundi Lulli Tractat.
III. Des Konigs Gebers aufs Hispanien Secretum, dessen sich die Venetianer
hoch aufsthun.
Alles nun erstmals zu dienst vn nutz alien Reyner vnnd Geheymnufsreicher
Artznei vbenden vnd beliebenden inn Truck gefartigt. Zu Strafsburg, bey
B. Jobins seligen Erben. Anno M.D.XCVI.
8°. Ff. [8] 151 [T8, blank? wanting]. Title red and black.
I. Correctorium Verbesserung der Alchimy, f. i. IIII. R. Lullius, Tractat vom Philosophischen
II. Reformirte Alchimei, f. 31. Steyn, f. 129.
III. R. Lullius, Apertorium, f. 81. V. Geber, Buch der Heyligkeit, oder Secretum
(• 137.
RICHARD US ANGLIC US
27t
RICHARDUS ANGLICUS. Continued.
Correctorium.
See GRATAROLO (G.) Verse alchemise . . . doctrina, 1561, i. p. 207.
Correctorium Alchemiae.
See ALCHEMIA, 1541, p. 272.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 385.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 266.
Of Ricardus Anglicus Bale can say no more than
that he is mentioned by Symphorianus Champerius
as a notable physician, distinguished by his learning,
skill and success ; that he wrote various works on
medicine and alchemy, but that the time at which
he flourished was unknown to him. Gmelin places
him doubtfully in the thirteenth century, Lenglet
Dufresnoy says he died in 1336, which date is given
by Fuchs as that at which he flourished, both bor-
rowing from Justus. Schmieder. untrammelled by
facts, has constructed a pretty and plausible bio-
graphy for him ; but, so far as I know, it is purely
imaginary. Unfortunately some of it has been
quoted by Kopp, and it has thereby got currency
which it does not merit.
Matthiae's account is quite clear and succinct :
Richardus Anglicus de Wendoure, Canonicus S.
Pauli Londinensis, Professor Medicinoe Parisinus,
Archiater Gregorii IX. PP. f a. 1252.
So far as it goes this seems correct. He was the
same as Richard of Wendover, who was a physician
and a canon of St. Paul's, in which he held the
prebend of Ealdland, about 1229. Matthew Paris
says he was physician of Gregory IX., who at his
death gave Richardus a crucifix with relics, which
he in turn bequeathed to St. Albans.
He died in 1252, leaving various bequests.
There are several persons of similar name, from
whom he is to be distinguished. One is Richard of
Wendover, bishop of Rochester ; another is
Richardus Anglicus, the jurist, and still another is
Symphorianus Champerius, Libello duo. Primus
de medicine claris scriptoribus, no place and date
(Lyons, 1506?), fpl. xxxix. verso ('vir in medendis
corporibus clarissimus & eruditus multa in medicinis
opuscula composuit').
Gesner, Bibliotheca Vniuersalis, Tiguri, 1545,
f. 582, recto.
liale, lllustrium Maioris Brilanniae Scriptorum
. . . Summarium, Gippeswici, 1548, f. 196.
Wolfgang Justus (Jobst), Chronologia sive tem-
porum supputatio omnium illustrium Medicorum,
Francophorti ad Viadrum, 1556, p. 116.
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni
Ire, 1599, p. 143.
Maier, Symbola Aurece Afensee, 1617, p. 458.
Pitsseus, Relationum Historicarum de rebus
Anglicis Tomits primus (Catalogus Scriptorum),
1619, p. 305, Ann. 1230, No. 327.
Van der Linden, De Scriplis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 417.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 93, 197.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 938.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 25, No. xxxvi.
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 67.
Leland, Commentariide Scriptoribus Britannicis,
Oxonii, 1709, ii. p. 274.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, Ii. ii. p. 66.
Richardus, a physician of Montpellier, at the begin-
ning of the thirteenth century.
He is identical with another famous physician,
Richardus Anglicanus, or Salernitanus, author of
a work, ' Practica sive medicamenta,' and 'Trac-
tatus de Urinis,' quoted by Gilbertus Anglicus.
The chief work of Richard of Wendover is called
1 Micrologus, ' a cyclopaedia of medicine, of which
parts or sections apparently exist under their
special names. Numerous manuscripts of his
various works are extant in the Bibliolheque
Nationale, the Bodleian, Cambridge University, and
in college libraries at Oxford and Cambridge.
These are enumerated by Kingsford in his article
in the Dictionary of National Biography.
As the present work is not included by him or
by Littre among the works of the physician one
may doubt if it be by him at all.
On the other hand, Jbcher, who says he flourished
in 1230, and had studied at Paris and Oxford,
assigns to him De Urinis, De crisi, and other
medical works, and also the Correctorium
Alchymine.
Borel ascribes to him besides the present,
Rosarius minor and Speculum Alchimia. But
this seems a mistake, for the Rosarius minor is by
an unknown author and the Speculum Alchimia
is by Roger Bacon.
The ' Correctorium ' is practically the same as the
'Correctio Fatuorum (q.v.).
Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Introductio in His-
toriam litterariam Anatomes, Francof. a. V., 1738,
p. 112.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 33, 35, 51, 71, 275.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1390.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2073 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergam-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 2018.
Georg. Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medicorum
chronologicus, 1761, p. 61.
Astruc, Mtmoires pour servir a I 'Histoire de la
Facultt de Mfdecine de Montpellier, 1767, p. 147.
Portal, Histoire de I'Anatomie et de la Chiritr-
%ie, 1770, i. p. 235 (calls him an anatomist, living
in 1336).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 143.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 156
(thinks he lived about the middle of the fourteenth
century ; manuscripts by him belonging to Sloane).
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1776, i.
p. 452, and pp. 432, 435. (" Haller makes one a
Parisian the other an Englishman, but I doubt
[says Rotermund] very much if there were a phy-
sician called Richard in Paris in the i3th century.")
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iv. p. 67.
Aikin, Biographical Memoirs of Medicine in
Great Britain, 1780, p. 3.
2^2
RICHARDUS ANGLICUS—RICHEBOURG
RICHARDUS ANGLICUS. Continued.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern CAemie, 1785,
p. 581.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 51.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 29.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p.
J53-
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, i. p. 413 ;
1866, i. p. 437.
Histoire Littiraire de la France, 1847, xxi. pp.
383-393 (article by Littr6).
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latino. Medics et Infima
sEtatis, Florent., 1858, vi. p. 374.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 795-7.
Dictionnairc Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme SeYie, 1877, v. p. 16.
Alii bone, A Critical Dictionary of English
Literature, 1878, ii. p. 1788 (calls him Richard
Anglicanus).
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. 353, 376.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 189.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlviii.
p. 201 (and references).
RICHEBOURG QEAN MAUGIN DE).
Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques. Nouvelle edition, Revue, corrige'e
& augmentee de plusieurs Philosophes, avec des Figures & des Notes
pour faciliter 1'intelligence de leur Doctrine. Par Monsieur J. M. D. R.
Tome I. A Paris. Chez Andre Cailleau, Place de Sorbonne, au coin
de la rue des Masons, a S. Andre. M.DCC.XL. Avec Approbation &
Privilege du Roi.
12°. Pp. [18] cxliv, 384 [40].
Tome II. Pp. [4] 564. Wants the plate.
Tome III. Pp. [4] 522 [4].
Tome IV. 1754. Pp. viii, 590 [2].
VOL. I.
Advertisement.
Preface, which contains a section on the Truth of
the Science, and another on the Obscurity of the
Philosophers.
Then the following treatises :
Hermes : La Table d'Emeraude, avec le Com-
mentaire de 1'Hortulain, p. i.
Hermes : Les sept Chapitres, p. 16.
Le Dialogue de Marie & d'Aros, sur le Magiste"re
d' Hermes, p. 77.
G6ber, La Somme de la Perfection, p. 85.
VOL. II.
La Tourbe des Philosophes, p. i.
Entretien du Roi Calid et du Philosophe Morien,
sur le Magistere de Hermes, p. 56.
Artephius, Le Livre, p. 112.
Synesius, Le Livre, p. 175.
Flamel : L'explication des Figures HyeYogli-
phiques, p. 195.
Flamel, Le Sommaire philosophique, p. 263.
Flamel, Le De'sir desire", p. 285.
Trevisan, Le Livre de la Philosophic Naturelle
des Metaux, p. 325.
Trevisan, La parole de'laissee, p. 400.
Le Songe Verd, p. 437.
Denis Zachaire, Opuscule de la Philosophic
Naturelle des Metaux, p. 447.
VOL. III.
Basile Valentin : Les douze clefs de Philosophic,
p. i.
Basile Valentin : L'Azoth, ou le Moyen de faire
1'or cache des Philosophes, p. 84.
L'Ancienne Guerre des Chevaliers, ou le Triom-
phe Hermetique [by Limojon de Saint Disdier],
p. 181.
La Lumiere sortant par soi-meme des Tenebres,
Poeme sur ia Composition de la Pierre des Philo-
sophes, traduit de 1'Italien, avec un Commentnire,
p. 322.
VOL. IV.
Philalethe, Traite" de 1'Entre'e Ouverte du Palais
ferme' du roi, p. i.
Philalethe, Explication de ce Traite, p. 121.
Philalethe (Iren£e), Experiences sur POp6ration
du Mercure philosophique, p. 138.
Philalethe (Irene'e), Explication de la lettre de
Georges Riple"e, a Edouard IV., p. 148.
Philalethe, Principes, pour la Conduite de
1'Oeuvre herme'tique, p. 174.
L'Arche ouverte, ou la Cassette du petit Paysan,
p. 1 86.
Philippe Rouillac, Abre'ge du grand Oeuvre des
Philosophes, p. 234.
PARTIE ii.
Raymund Lull, L' Elucidation ou 1'Eclaircisse-
ment du Testament, p. 297.
Esprit Gobineau de Montluisant, Explication
des Enigmes et Figures hierogliphiques, qui sont
au grand Portail de 1'Eglise . . . de Notre Dame
de Paris, p. 307.
Le Pseautier d'Hermopbile, envoye a Philalethe,
P- 394-
Trait6 d'un Philosophe inconnu, sur 1'ceuvre
Herme'tique, revti & elucide par le Disciple
Sophise'e, p. 461.
Lettre Philosophique de Philovite a He"liodore,
p. 511.
Preceptes et instructions du Pere Abraham a
son fils contenant la vraie Sagesse herm^tique tra-
duits de 1'Arabe, p. 552.
Wenceslaus Lavinius : Traite du Ciel terrestre,
P- 566-
Dictionnaire Abregt: des Termes de I Aft & des
anciens Mots, p. 570.
[Another Copy.]
RICH E BO URG—RICHTER
273
RICHEBOURG QEAN MAUGIN DE). Continued.
There is no account of this person, which I have
The compilation was not originally of his
making, for there is the edition with the same title
which appeared in 1672-78 and bears as the editor's
name : le Sieur S. Docteur en Medecine.
Of this edition I have seen two volumes only, and
I do not know if there were any more, though from
the list of works detailed in the Privilege, which
were proposed to be reprinted, there was material
enough for at least other two volumes.
The writings contained in this first edition'are the
following :
In Tome I. A long preface ; Hermes, La Table
d'Emeraude; La Tourbe des Philosophes ; Flamel;
Bernard le Trevisan ; Zachaire, L'Opuscule ; Wen-
ceslas Lavinius, Trait6 du Ciel terrestre ; Philalethe,
1'Entrge ouverte ; Vocabulary of Chemical words.
In Tome II. A long preface ; Hermes, Les Sept
Chapitres ; Le Dialogue de Marie et d'Aros ;
L'Entretien de Calid et du Philosophe Morien ;
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosotfiie
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 45.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 300.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p.
545-
Artephius ; Geber, La Somme de la Perfection,
and at the end an Epistle to Claude Germain about
his work Icon Philosophiae Occultae.
The authors mentioned in the Privilege in addi-
tion to these are : Synesius, Ficinus, Arnaldus de
Villanova, Lullius, Bacon, Ripley, Haly, Basilius
Valentinus, Jean de Meun, Augurellus ; Le grand
et petit Paysant, la Fontaine des Amoureux de
Sciences, la Complainte ou Remonstrance de la
Nature et la responce de l'Alchimiste.
Comparison of these lists will show that the
present edition contains everything included in the
early one, except the Epistola to Germain, and,
besides, several of those mentioned in the Privilege.
The editor has been called sometimes le Sieur
Salmon, and has been identified with Dr. William
Salmon, who in 1692 also made a collection of
alchemical writers. See the note under SALMON
( William).
Ladrague, Bibliothigue Ouvaro/, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 630, 631.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1881, ii. p. 40; 1891,
xii. p. 189 (calls him Maugin).
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 340 (calls him
Mauguin).
RICHTER (CHRISTIAN FRIEDERICH).
Ausfuhrlicher Bericht von der Essentia Dulci, darinnen von ihrer Zubereitung
und Unterscheid von andern gemeinen Gold-Tincturen gehandelt, und
gezeiget wird, worinnen ihre Virtutes specifics, oder eigentliche und gewisse
Wiirckungen bestehen : Wobey auch zugleich gewisse Griinde und Reguln
angewiesen werden, nach welchen sich selbiger so wohl Medici, als auch
Ungelehrte, bey allerhand schweren Kranckheiten, als Contractor, Epilepsie,
Gicht, Podagra, Stein-Schmertzen, schwere Geburten, Blut-Stiirtzungen, &c.
nicht weniger auch bey allerhand andern, und in diesem Bericht nicht
benennten vorfallenden Kranckheiten, mit Nutzen und methodice gebrauchen
konnen, ausgefertiget von D. Christian Friederich Richtern, Med. Pract.
Halle, in Verlegung des Waisen-Hauses. Druckts Johann Montag, 1708.
8°. Pp. 79 [i blank].
Merckwiirdige Exempel sonderbahrer durch die Essentiam Dulcem von Anno
1701 bifs 1708. geschehener Curen, Nebst einer Vorrede, in welcher auf
die in den so genannten Unschuldigen Nachrichten unbillig gefallete Censur
tiber Herren Profesf. Franckens gedruckte Nachrichten vom Waysen-Hause,
und sonderlich tiber die darinnen erzehlete Merckwiirdige durch die Essentiam
dulcem geschehene Curen geantwortet wird von D. Christian Friedrich
Richtern, Med. Pract. Halle, im Waysen-Hause. 1708.
8°. Pp. 176.
Several tracts by him are enumerated :
Nachricht von einem pulvere solis, Konigsberg
(Halle), 1718, 8°.
Dissertatio de Cochinella, Lipsiae, 1701, 4° ; in
German, Leipzig, 1703, 8°.
Hochstnothige Erkenntnis des Menschen nach
dem Leibe und naturlichen Leben, Leipzig, 1712,
8°; 1741, 8°.
Kurzer Unterricht von dem Leibe und natur-
lichen Leben des Menschen, Halle, 1705, 8°.
Christian Friederich Richter was born at Sorau, in
lower Lusatia in 1676. He studied theology and
medicine at Halle, and, according to Haller, was a
pupil of Stahl. He graduated there and practised,
and, along with his brother Christian Sigismund, a
physician at Halle, worked very much at chemistry.
He made a great boast of certain of his arcana
such as his Essentia dulcis, the essence of solary
powder, which, he held, was a cure for chronic
diseases like phthisis.
He died 5 Oct., 1711. ' Stahlianus. Magnus
arcanorum laudator,' says Haller.
II.
S
274
RICHTER
RICHTER (CHRISTIAN FRIEDERICH). Continued.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1326.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, i. pp. 115, 550; ii. p. 650.
Portal, Histoire de V Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, iv. p. 685.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 86
(Hochst-nothige Erkenntnifs, Leipzig, 1712, 8°) ;
772 (Kurzer Unterricht).
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinee practice, 1788, iv.
pp. 310, 342.
Carl Joseph Bougine', Handbuch der allgemeinen
Litterargeschichte, Zurich, 1791, iv. p. 631.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 347.
(Die Hallische Arzneien.)
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 215.
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 14.
Mprwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 344.
Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Medi-
cales, 3eme SeYie, 1877, v. p. 24.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 195.
RICHTER (GEORG FRIEDRICH).
Obiectionum contra Physicam Divinam Vindiciae. Seu Responsio ad Notas
Rudigerianas Auctore G. Fr. Richtero. Facult. Philos. Lips. Assessore.
Anno CID ID ccxvin. Lipsiae Apud Viduam loh. Heinichii.
4°. Pp. 71, misprinted 51 [i].
Georg Friedrich Richter was born 26 Oct., 1691,
at Schneeberg, where his father, Georg, was pastor.
He had first private tuition and visited the school
at Schneeberg, and then that at Plauen. In 1708,
when his father settled at Leipzig, he began his
University course there, and graduated Magister
Philosophize in 1709, the year of its third centenary.
He next went to Altorf and attended lectures,
returned to Leipzig and was made an assessor in
the philosophical faculty in 1714.
He had a discussion — creditable to himself —
with Andreas Riidiger, and on Newton's ' Optics '
with Rizzetti, a question ultimately submitted to
the Royal Society. He enunciated his views about
thunderstorms, and translated Leibnitz's ' Essais de
Theodice'e' into German. In 1722 he entered the
Gabriel Wilhelm Goetten, Das jetztlebende ge-
lehrte Europa, oder Nachrichten von den vornehmsten
Lebens- Umstdnden und Schriftenjetztlebender Euro-
pdischer Gelehrten, Braunschweig und Hildesheim,
1736, ii. pp. 275-281 (biography and list of his
writings).
Niitzliche Nachrichten von denen Bemuhungen
derer Gelehrlen und andern Begebenheiten in
Leipzig im Jahre 1739, p. 53 ; 1740, p. 97 ; 1742,
pp. 4, 56 (death of Georg Friedrich Richter on the
23 June, 1742 ; sketch of his life).
Collegium Anthologicum, and became extraordinary
professor of mathematics in 1726, and, in 1730, was
elected a member of the Leopoldine Academia
Naturae Curiosorum, with the name of Nicetas.
He had invitations to occupy chairs at different
Universities, but preferred to remain at Leipzig,
where in 1735 ne was appointed professor of moral
and political philosophy, but he was more of a
physicist and mathematician than a philosopher.
He died 23 June, 1742.
A list of 44 books and papers by him is given by
Zedler, dealing for the most part with mathematical,
meteorological and physical questions, but contain-
ing one or two on Hebrew, and on philosophical
and ethical topics.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. cols.
I334-I338.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2086; Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzun-
gen, 1819, vi. col. 2068 (the list is taken from Zedler).
Biichner, Academia . . . Natura Curiosorum
Historia, 1755, p. 501, No. 419.
Carl Joseph Bougin6, Handbuch der allgemeinen
Litterargeschichte, 1791, iv. p. 631.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
wbrttrbuch, 1863, ii. col. 634.
RICHTER (SAMUEL).
Sinceri Renati samtliche Philosophisch- und Chymische Schrifften, als :
I. Die wahrhaffte und vollkommene Bereitung des Philosophischen
Steins &c.
II. Theo-Philosophia Theoretico-Practica, oder der wahre Grund Gott-
licher und Natiirlicher Erkanntnifs &c.
III. Goldene Qvelle der Naturund Kunst, bestehend in lauter Experimentis
und Chymischen Handgriffen &c. Leipzig und Brefslau Verlegts Michael
Hubert. 1741.
8°. Pp. [16] 752. 7 rough woodcuts. Title red and black, printed across two pages.
Die . . . Bereitung des . . . Steins, p. i.
Theo-Philosophia, p. 129.
Goldene Qvelle, p. 493.
RICHTER 275
RICHTER (SAMUEL). Continued.
I. N. J. Goldene Quelle der Natur und Kunst, bestehende in lauter wahrhafften
und durch die Experienz bestatigten Experimentis, aus welchen die Arbei-
tenden einen gewissen Profit und Nahrung zu hoffen und zu gewarten haben :
Worbey denen Anfangern zum Besten zum Anhange die nothigen und gewohn-
lichen Chymischen Hand-Griffe mit beygefiiget und erklaret werden : Noch-
malen aus hertzlicher und Christlicher Liebe denen armen unter der Last des
Spiritus Mundi seuffzenden Briidern mitgetheilet von Sincere Renato. In
Verlegung des Authoris, zu finden bey Esaia Fellgiebels Wittib und Erben.
Anno 1711.
8°. Pp. [8] 263 [i blank]. Woodcuts in the text.
Theo-Philosophia Theoretico-Practica, oder der wahre Grund Gottlicher und
Natiirlicher Erkanntnifs, dadurch beyde Tincturen, die Himlische und Irr-
dische, konnen erhalten werden : Zugleich ein Grund aller Particularien, und
Fundament der wahren Medicin. Dabey gezeiget wird, wie in der aussern
Natur durch alle Regna zu verfahren, damit ein jedes Corpus wieder in seinen
reinen Paradiesischen Stand gebracht werden konne durch die Chymie oder
Scheidekunst ; 'Nebst einer Erlauterung des Operis Maximi und Beyfiigung
versprochener Experimenten ; Alles zum Lobe Gottes und dem Nutz des
Nechsten publiciret von Sincere Renato. Brefslau, Bey Esaia Fellgiebels
Sel. Erben. 1711.
8°. Pp. [20] 374. Title red and black.
Die warhaffte und vollkommene Bereitung des Philosophischen Steins, der
Briiderschafft aus dem Orden des Gulden- und Rosen-Creutzes, Darinne die
Materie zu diesem Geheimnifs mit seinem Nahmen genennet, auch die
Bereitung von Anfang bifs zu Ende mit alien Hand-Griffen gezeiget ist, Dabey
angehanget die Gesetz oder Regeln, welche die gedachte Bruderschafft unter
sich halt, denen Filiis Doctrinae zum Besten publiciret von S. R. Nebst
einem Nutz-bringenden und gewissen Particular, welches als ein Vortrab der
nachfolgenden, und von dem Editore selbst gearbeiteten Experimenten, am
Ende dieses Tractats zur Probe folget, aus gut-meinendem Hertzen denen
armen Suchenden geschencket Brefslau, bey Fellgiebels seel. Wittwe und
Erben, 1710.
8°. Pp. [16] 126.
An edition of 1714 is quoted by Kloss, and Richter was the editor and not the author of the
another of 1715 is quoted in the Beytrag and then above, and certainly from the concluding sentences
by Gmelin and Schmieder. The Beytrag says that of the Vorrede it would seem as if it were so.
Die wahrhafte und vollkommene Bereitung des Philosophischen Steins.
See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1790, IV. p. I.
Samuel Richter lived at the end of the seventeenth chemistry and medicine from a village priest who
and beginning of the eighteenth century. He had practised medicine successfully. After devoting
belonged to Reichau, a village in the duchy of Brieg himself to Theology at Halle, he became a preacher
in Silesia, and adopted the views of Jacob Bohmen at Harlmannsdorf near Landshut. in Silesia,
and Paracelsus. In the Unschuldige Nachrichten, Under the name of bincerus Renatus he wrote the
1711, p. 869 (followed by Zedler), he is called above works, and various are the charges laid
Siegemund. It is said that he lived for some time against him, which are not quite reconcilable,
in Silesia as tutor in noble houses in the princi- For example, he belonged to the Rosicrucian
pality of Brieg and practised also as physician. fraternity and under cover of it is accused of having
In his youth he had picked up some knowledge of propagated Jesuitism. The sale of his book ' Theo-
276
R1CHTER-RIPLE Y
RICHTER (SAMUEL). Continued.
philosophia' was stopped in Breslau, and it was
practically condemned in the Unschuldige Nach-
richten. Against his ' Goldene Quelle ' the reviewer
makes the same accusation, that though it deals
with chemistry he works in his Bohmistic and
heterodox opinions.
His Paracelsian and Bohmistic views he ad-
vocated from the pulpit, and Jocher says that in
his book, Goldene Quelle der Natur und Kunst,
under the garb of alchemy, so-called, he advanced
the blasphemous doctrines of the Manichaeans.
Whether such a conglomerate of doctrine could be
Unschuldige Nachrichten von Alien und Neuen
Theologischen Sachen, . . . auf das Jahr 1711,
Leipzig, pp. 237-243 (review, unfavourable, of the
' Theo-Philosophia theoretico-practica ') ; pp. 869-
872 (review of 'Goldene Quelle der Natur und
Kunst,' also unfavourable).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1344.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten~Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2088 (follows the opinion of the Unschuldige
Nachrichten).
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 128.
J. L. ab Indagine, Chemisch-Physicalische Neben-
stunden, 1780, p. 66.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 652, 653.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie
der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. p. 121 ; 1787, ii. p. 167.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1788, iv.
p. 342 (but is this the same person ?).
held by one man may be left undiscussed, but he
must have a keen scent for heresy who can find
Manichaeism in the book mentioned. It consists
of a collection of chemical experiments with an
account of the preparation of the materials and the
products, and it winds up with a short treatise on
assaying, in which the materials and apparatus
employed are described, and drawings are given
of the muffles, cupels, furnace, &c., required. The
chemistry may sometimes be open to question from
the present standpoint, but there is no religious
doctrine, orthodox or heterodox, to criticise.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 315,
331, 348. ..
Murr, Uber den wahren Ur sprung der Rosen-
kreuzer und Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 59.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litieratur,
1806-08, p. 272.
Rotermund, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu
. . . Jochers allgemeinem Gelehrten-Lexiko, 1819,
vi. col. 2093.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 515
Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844,
No. 2634 (editions of Breslau, 1710 and 1714).
Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844, p.
169, No. 2634.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1318, 1553, 1554.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 205, 336, 345,
356, 39i-
RIESER (FRANZ).
See KIESER (FRANZ).
The name is sometimes so misprinted. See Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 327 ; 1869, ii.
p. 319-
RIPLEY (GEORGE).
Chymische Schrifften des hochgelehrten, furtrefflichen vnd weitberhiimten
Philosophi Georgii Riplaei, Canonici Angli. Darinnen vom gebenedeyeten
Stein der Weisen vnd desselben kunstreicher preparation griindlich gelehret
wird, Zuvor durch den Hochgelahrten Herrn Nicolaum Barnaudum Chymicum
zu Lateinischer Sprache publiciret, Jetzo aber alien Filiis doctrinae zum besten
durch einen Liebhaber der Kunst in Deutsche Sprache gebracht, vnd in
Druck gegeben Anno 1624. Gedruckt In verlegung Johann Birckners,
Buchhandlers in Erffurt.
8°. Pp. [i] 113 [should be in]. (Sigs. A-G in eights. The pagination is very
irregular.)
Georgii Riplaei, Canonici in England zu Bridlington, Chymische Schrifften,
Darinnen von dem gebenedeyten Stein der Weisen und desselben kunst-
reichen Preparation griindlich gehandelt wird. Nach der Lateinisch- und
Englischen Edition Herrn William Salmon, Profess. Phys. ins Teutsche
iibersetzet durch Benjamin Roth-Scholtzen, Phil. & Med. Doct. Zu finden
bey Johann Paul Kraufs, Buchhandler in Wienn. 1756.
8°. Pp. [4] 233 [advertisements 3]. Title red and black. Frontispiece included in
the pagination.
Contains also : Artephius, Geheimer Haupt Das eroffnete Philosophische Vatter-Hertz an
Schliissel, p. 105. seinen Sohn, p. 153.
RIP LEY 277
RIPLEY (GEORGE). Continued.
Axiomata Philosophica.
See DUODECIM Portarum epitome.
Bosome-book, containing his philosophical Accurtations in the making the
Philosophers Mercury and Elixirs.
See COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, p. IOI.
Erklarung uber die Sechs Chymischen Pforten . . . Georgii Riplaei.
See PHILALETHA (EIREN^EUS), 1689.
Liber Duodecim Portarum.
See BARNAUD (NICOLAUS), Quadriga Aurifera, 1599, p. 23.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 797.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 275.
Duodecim Portarum epitome, duobus modis concinnata.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 109.
Liber de Mercurio et Lapide Philosophorum.
See BARNAUD (NICOLAUS), Quadriga Aurifera, 1599, p. 71.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. pp. 821.
Lied von dem Neugebohrnen Chymischen Konig.
See WELLING (GEORG VON), Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum, 1735,
p. 578.
The Marrow of Alchymie.
See SALMON (WILLIAM), Medicina Practica, 1692, p. 643.
Philalethae Commentarius in Epistolam Georgii Riplsei.
See STARKEY (GEORGE), Kern der Alchymie, 1685.
Ripley Reviv'd : or, an Exposition upon Sir George Ripleys Hermetico-Poetical
Works.
See PHILALETHES (EIRENJEUS), 1678.
A Treatise of Mercury and the Philosophers Stone.
See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, l68o, p. 69.
George Ripley was born in 1415(7), in York- His name is attached to as many as five and
shire, according to some, but at Ripley, in twenty different works, most of which remain in
Surrey, according to Camden. He became a manuscript. Whether or not they are all by him
canon-regular of St. Augustine at Bridlington, may be doubted, and it has been asserted that
and devoted himself to the study of physical what is called the ' Vision ' is not by him but is the
science and especially of alchemy. To acquire work of an anonymous writer of the following
fuller knowledge he travelled in France, Germany, century. Tanner has enumerated his books and
and Italy, and abode a long time in Rome, manuscripts with the libraries in Oxford and else-
and there in 1477 was made chamberlain by where, where they are preserved.
Pope Innocent VIII. In 1478 he returned to One work which is universally acknowledged as
England in possession of the secret of transmuta- his, 'The Compound of Alchymy,' was one of the
tion. He pursued his alchemical work, and is most popular on the subject. It circulated widely
reputed to have given vast sums to the knights of in manuscript, and copies of it both on vellum
St. John of Jerusalem at Rhodes to defend them and paper are not uncommon,
from the Turks. But his labours becoming irksome It was first printed at London: The Compound
to the abbot and other canons, he was released of Alchymy. Or the ancient hidden Art of Archemie:
from the order, and joined the Carmelites at Boston, Conteining the right & perfectest meanes to make
where he died in 1490, the Philosophers Stone, Aurum potabile, with
278
RIPLEY—RIST
RIPLEY (GEORGE). Continued.
other excellent Experiments. Diuided into twelue
Gates. First written by the learned and rare
Philosopher of our Nation George Ripley, . . .
Whereunto is adioyned his Epistle to the King,
his Vision, his Wheele, and other his Workes, neuer
before published : . . . Set foorth by Raph Rabbards
Gentleman . . . London Imprinted by Thomas
Orwin, 1591, small 4°, A, *, B to M, in fours. The
title has a woodcut border ; there is an ornamental
capital E containing a portrait of Queen Elizabeth,
Bale, Illustrium Majoris Britannia Scriptorum
. . . Summarium, 1548, f. 210.
Bale, Scriptorum. illustrium maioris Brytannia,
. . . Catalogus, 1557, centuria octava, p. 622.
Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p. 463.
Pitsseus, Relalionum Historicarum de Rebus
Anglicis Tomus Primus, (de illustribus Anglicae
Scnptoribus), 1619, p. 677, Ann. 1490, No. 888.
G. J. Vossius, De Historicis Latinis pars altera,
1651, p. 637 (Lib. Hi. cap. ix. ).
Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum,
1652, p. 444 (was regarded as a necromancer).
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 198.
Edward Phillips, Theatrum Poetarum, or a corn-
pleat Collection of the Poets, London, 1675, The
Modern Poets, p. 55 : ' George Riplay, a Canon of
Bridlington in the time of King Henry the 7th,
who in old English Verse wrote several Chymical
Misteries pretending to Lead to the attaining of the
Philosophers Stone. ' Reprinted with a biographical
note by Sir S. E. Brydges in his edition of Phillips'
work : Theatrum Poetarum Anglicanorum. Con-
taining the names and characters of all the English
Poets from the reign of Henry HI, to the close of the
reign of Queen Elizabeth. Canterbury (printed),
London, 1800, p. 30 ; and Geneva, 1824, i. p. iv.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 693
(edition of 1649).
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 337.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 25, No. xxxvii.
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 67.
Casimir Oudin, Commentarius de Scriptoribus
EcclesicB Antiquis, 1722, iii. col. 2672.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 194.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 78.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina Medics et Infima
j&tatis, 1735, vii. p. 104.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 264, 470 ; iii. pp. 40, 50,
71, 276, 277.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1723.
Tanner, Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, 1748,
p. 633.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gtlehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2110; Otto i Giinther's Fortsetzung und Erganz-
ungen, 1897, vii. col. 12.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 133.
to whom the book is dedicated, and M3 recto is
taken up with the diagram called Ripley's Wheel.
Ashmole reprinted it in the Theatrum and
added a note upon the author. He also printed
several other pieces by Ripley : Verses belong-
ing to his 'Scrowle,' 'The Mistery of Alchy-
mists,' ' the Preface to his Medulla, which he
wrote Ann. Dom. 1476, and dedicated to Geo.
Nevell then Archbishop of Yorke,' and another
' Shorte Worke.' All of these, like the 'Compound
of Alchymy,' are in verse.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
17SS, »• P- 329 I 1778, iv. p. 81.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 84.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 490.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen xur Historic
der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. pp. 19, 22, 30.
Camden, Britannia, ed. Gough, 1789, i. p. 174 ;
iii. p. 53.
Kortum . . . vcrttidiget die Alchemie, 1789,
p. 122.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 130-
132 ; 1798, ii. p. 298.
Ritson, Bibliographia Poetica, a Catalogue of
Engleish Poets, 1802, p. 94.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Littcratur,
1806-08, p. 83 (mixes up Roger and Francis Bacon).
Thomas Fuller, The History of the Worthies of
England, ed. John Nichols, 1811, ii. pp. 363, 509.
Lives of the Adepts in Alchemy stical Philosophy,
1814-15, pp. 49, 217, 313 ; Waite's edition, 1888,
p. 184.
Bibliotheca Anglo- Poetica, 1815, p. 292 (the
edition of London, 1591, priced j£io).
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816, xxvi. p. 235.
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 25 (said to be the uncle of Roger Bacon
[who died two centuries before him], editions
Francof. , 1614 ; Cassel, 1649 by Combach with
Artephius ; Niirnb. , 1717; Vienna, 1756).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p.
240.
Warton, The History of English Poetry, 1840,
'• PP- 337-338.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimic, 1842, i. pp. 419.
20 ; 1866, i. pp. 444-445.
Wright, Biographia Literaria Britannica, 1842,
i. p. 462.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 48,
73; 1844, ii. pp. 9, 158, 175, 218, 227, 241; 1847,
iv. pp. 240, 287, 342.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, col. 648.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 867-871.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 94, 210; ii.
pp. 311, 331, 335, 347, 353, 362, 378.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1896, xlviii.
p. 316 (article by Robert Steele).
RIST (JOHANN), Holsatus.
J. R. H. Philosophischer Phoenix Das ist : Kurtze jedoch griindliche und
Sonnenklare Entdeckunge der waaren und eigentlichen Matery des Aller-
edelsten Steins der Weisen, worinnen gelehret wird, wo doch und zu welcher
Zeit dieselbe Materia zu suchen, durch was Mittel dieselbe zu finden und in
gute gewarsam zu bringen, wie sie ferner sichtbar zumachen, und den endlich
also zu zurichten sey, dafs sie ihre vielgewiinschte Vollkommenheit dermaleinst
RIST—RISUGDASBIUS
279
RIST QOHANN), Holsatus. Continued.
erlangen und iiberkommen mogen. Allen dieser geheimen Kunst hertzlichen,
jedoch wiirdigen Liebhabern, und fleisigen Nachforschern in Teutscher Sprach
so hell und deutlich vor die Augen gestellt, als es vor dieser Zeit niemaln
gesehen, noch etwas davon gelesen worden. Niirnberg, Gedruckt bey Wolf
Eberhard Felfsecker, Im Jahr, 1 668.
8°. Pp. [8] 34.
Along with Schweitzer's Giildenes Kalb.
Johann Rist (Witte calls him Riste) was son of
Caspar Rist, pastor at Ottensen, and was born at
Pinneberg, 8 March, 1607. He attended the gym-
nasium at Hamburg and Bremen, and as he had
been dedicated to divinity by his parents before his
birth, went in 1628 to the University of Rintel. He
engaged himself as private tutor at Hamburg and
took his ward to Rostock, Utrecht, and Leyden, he
himself studying theology, mathematics, and medi-
cine. In 1635 he became pastor at Wedel on the
Elbe, which charge he held for thirty-two years.
In 1644, Ferdinand III. conferred on him the laurel
wreath as poet, and in 1653 raised him to the rank
of noble, while the Duke of Mecklenburg conferred
on him the title of Kirchrath. He himself founded
in 1660 the Elbschwanenorden, in which he called
himself ' Palatin.' In 1645 he was received into the
Pegnitzorden, and in 1647 into the 'Societas frugi-
Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig. Zzz
3 recto, 31 Augt., 1667.
Neumeister & Grohmann, De Poeiis Germanids
hujus seculi prcBciptds dissertatio, 1695, p. 88.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 42, No. Ixvii.
Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseudony-
morum (Liber de Anonymis Scriptoribus), 1708,
p. 462, No. 1823.
Erdmann Uhse, Leben der beriihmtesten Kirchen-
Lthrtr und Scribenten des XVI. und XVII. Jahr-
Hunderts nach Christi Gtburth, Leipzig, 1710,
P- 893.
VJe\i.e\.Hy>nnopa!ographia, 1719-28, li. pp. 358-392.
Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 241.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit,
1727. PP- IQ7, 199; or J736- PP- 2°7i 2°9 (poem
by Rist).
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 241
(quotes ' Die alleredelste Thorheit ').
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1744
(and references).
Witte, Memories Theologorum, Dec. xii. p. 1578.
Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, i. pp. 546-55
(very full account).
fera' — Die fruchtbringende Gesellschaft — in which
he was styled Der Rustige.
The present work was first published, according
to Goedeke, at Hamburg, 1636, 8° (others, 1637),
and was followed by a vindication in 1638, 12°.
Other editions appeared at Nurnburg. 1675, 8° ;
Danzig, 1682, 8°, pp. 83 [i], in which it is accom-
panied by his tract : Die aller edelste Thorheit der
gantzen Welt.
He was a voluminous writer in prose and in
verse, both serious and light, and Gttnther gives
a list of forty-six works by him. A curious pro-
duction of Kist's is entitled, 'Depositio Cornuti
Typographic!, ' and is a play on the burlesque
ceremonies gone through in initiating an appren-
tice into the mysteries of a printing-office. Some
of his biographers omit this work from their lists.
Rist died 31 August, 1667, in his sixty-first year.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2113 ; Glinther, Portsetsung und Ergdnzungen,
1897, vii, cols. 23-27.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 121.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785.
pp. 526, 614.
C. J. Bouging, Handbuch der allgemeinen Lit-
terargeschichte, 1790, iii. p. 196.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 522
(' Phoenix ').
Jb'rdens, Lexikon teutscher Dichter und Pro-
saisten, 1809, iv. pp. 366-372 (and the numerous
references).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 377.
Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844,
No. 2760.
Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literar-
geschichte, 1852, III. i. pp. 42, 85 ; 1853, III. ii. pp.
215, 226, 267 (and notes).
Blades,^4« Account of the German Morality-Play,
entitled Depositio Cornuti Typographici , 1885, 4°.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 392.
Karl Goedeke, Grundrifs sur Geschichte der
Deutschen Dichtung, 1887, iii. pp. 79-87, 212, 327
(' Phoenix,' No. 6 ; ' Depositio,' No. 44).
RISUGDASBIUS (SAMUEL), Pseud.
Samuelis Risugdasbii M.D. Gesprach vom Stein der Weisen, nebst der rechten
Materia, daraus der Lapis Philosophorum gemacht wird, Deme noch beygefiigt
Achatii Myconii U. D. J. Kurtzer Bericht vom Stein der Gesundheit und des
Reichthums. Franckfurt und Leipzig bey Johann Friedrich Fleischer. 1747.
[Another Copy.]
8°. Pp. 32.
Miconius' tract is in verse.
An earlier edition is quoted in the Beytrag, and
the author's name is altered : Samuel Risugduspius
Disp. von der rechten Materie des Lapidis philo-
Beytrag xur Geschichft der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 591
soph., Leip., 1608, 8°. To this the note is
added : ' Who the author is, I know not ; the
name is obviously an invention.'
280
RITHMI—RIVINUS
RITHMI.
See RHYTHMI.
RITTERKRIEG.
See STERNHALS (JOHANN).
See URALTER Ritterkrieg.
RIVINUS (AUGUST QUIRINUS).
D. Aug. Quir. Rivini, P. P. in Academia Lipsiensi, Manuductio ad Chemiam
Pharmaceuticam, Accessit Chymia Curiosa Variis, non solum ex Regno
vegetabili, sed etiam ex Mineral!, & Animali, Experiments adornata. Cura
Friderici Roth-Scholtzii. Siles. Editio Secunda. Norimbergse & Altdorfii,
Apud Haeredes, Job. Dan. Tauberi MDCCXX.
8°. Pp. 7 [10] 6-74 [should be 78] [2]. Separate 'frontispiece. Title red and black.
Jo. Francisci Vigani Veronensi. Medulla Chymiae Variis Experimentis Aucta
multisque Figuris illustrata. Cum Indice Rerum & Verborum Locupletissimo. Norim-
bergae Apud Haeredes Jo. Dan. Tauberi MDCCXVIII.
8°. Pp. [10] 70. Six engraved plates.
Chymia Curiosa, pp. 71-134 (but 87-94 skipped). This contains Bonn's ' Appendix'
to Vigani.
Rivinus was born at Leipzig, 9 December, 1652,
and went to school there. In 1671 he took his
degree in philosophy and graduated as M.D. at
Helmstadt, in 1676, which happened to be the
centenary year of the University. Singularly
enough, many years later, he took part in another
centenary. In December, 1709, was commemor-
ated the three hundredth anniversary of Leipzig
University. But by this time Rivinus was no mere
graduate, but had risen to the position of Rector
Magnificus, and under his presidency the celebration
was held, as one can gather from Vogel's account,
with even more pomp and splendour than in 1609.
He returned to Leipzig, practised medicine,
studied natural history, and obtained the chair
of physiology and botany in 1691. He con-
ferred distinction on his faculty by his taste
Johann Hermann Fiirstenau, Desiderata Medica,
Lipsiae, 1727, pp. 71, 143, 151, 154, 17°, 343. 352,
357. 359. 365-
Stolle, Anleiiung zur Histone der Gelahrheit,
1727, p. 318, or 1736, pp. 330-32 (his astronomical
work).
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 364 (life), 366, 643, 659, 673,
679, 680, 681, 682.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicts,
1732, p. 119.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740,
p. 714.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxi. col. 1855-
1859. •
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, passim.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2126; Glinther, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen,
1897, vii. col. 101.
Joh. Jacob Vogel, Leipzigisches Geschicht-Buch
oder Annales, Leipzig, 1756, pp. 1022-1031.
Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, iii. pp. 567-570 ; v. p. 642.
for research and the results he gained in both
subjects, and especially in botany," for which
he proposed a new system. Though it was not
generally adopted, his system gained him admission
to the Royal Society. His published works refer
mainly to botany, but there are two or three on
medicine, pharmacy, and anatomy, and the present
one on chemistry. He died at Leipzig, 30 Decem-
ber, 1723 (1722).
Rivinus is always spoken of in the highest terms,
der grosse, clarissimus, and so on. His biography
and portrait are prefixed to the catalogue of his
library, Bibliotheca Riviniana, Lipsiae, 1727, 8°,
which contains 7968 items, and is very valuable for
the history of medicine. One of Haller's remarks
about him is ' paulum paradoxus, non quidem
incisor.'
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 551 ;
1772, ii. p. 686.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 649 ;
1777, ii. p. 762.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 456.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Midecine,
1778, iv. p. 86.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii.
p. 313- (Vir excitati ingenii, magna audere
promptus, Botanicus, non expers anatomicae per-
itiae, neque chemicae, longaevus idem).
C. J. Bougin6, Handbuch der allgemeinen Lit-
terargeschichte, Zurich, 1790, iii. p. 246.
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literar-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 320, § 2t;6.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 234,
245 (Manuductio, De Acido, &c. ).
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 174.
Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812,
App. iv. p. xxxi.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816, xxvi. p. 245.
Rees, The Cyclopcedia, 1819, xxx. sub voce.
RIVINUS—ROCHAS
281
RIVINUS (AUGUST QUIRINUS). Continued.
Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 31 (list of his works).
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykuttde, 1827,
iv. pp. 191, 230. 485.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdc-
cine, 1837, III. ii. p. 816.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 321 ;
1849, ii. p. 203.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, ii.
p. 48.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
l85S» P- 520-
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 660.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi-
cales, 3&me Seiie, 1877, v. p. 69.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 245.
ROBERTI (JOHANNES).
Goclenius Heautontimorumenos.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1 662, p. 309.
Tractatus Novi de Magnetica Vulnerum Curatione Autore D. Rodolpho
Goclenio . . . Breve Anatome.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 226.
Jean Roberti was born 4 Augt., 1569, 01 a good
family at Saint Hubert, a famous market-town of
the Ardennes. He studied the humanities in the
newly-founded Jesuit College at Liege, philosophy
in the Jesuit College of the Trois Couronnes at
Cologne, and took the first place as Magister
Artium, 12 Feb., 1592. The same year he began
his noviciate in the order of the Rhine province,
taught theology at Douai, Treves, Wurzburg and
Sweert, A theme Belgicee, Antverp., 1628, p. 462.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 302-
Alegambe, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis
Tesu, 1643, p. 270.
Valerius Andreas, Bibliotheca Belgica, Lovanii,
1643, p. 553 (list of his works).
Kbnig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 696.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 671
(magnetic cures, and against Goclenius).
Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig. Bbb
i verso; 14 Feb., 1651.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicoritm,
1731, II. ii. p. 83.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 72.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
Mayence, where he was created D. D. He made a
long stay at Liege, was rector of the College at
Paderborn, and ended his career at Namur, 14
Feb., 1651, in his eighty-second year.
He wrote a number of theological books and
lives of saints, works in French and Flemish, and
these controversial tracts with Goclenius about the
magnetic cure of wounds.
col. 2143; Giinther, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen,
1897, vii. col. 136 (list of his works).
Portal, Histoire de t Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 404.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
1778, iv. p. 89.
Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 34.
De Backer, Bibliotheque des ecrivains de la Com-
pagnie de Jesus, 1853, i. p. 635.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 663.
Carlos Sommervogel, Bibliothlque de la Com-
tagnie de Jesus, 1895, Bibliographic, vi. cols.
1900-06 (and references).
ROBERTUS CASTRENSIS.
See CASTRENSIS (ROBERTUS).
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
tre, 1599, p. 143. Secretes, 1870, No. 682.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 255. Kopp, Die Alchemic^ 1886, ii. p. 354.
ROBERTUS VALLENSIS.
See VALLENSIS (ROBERTUS).
ROCHAS (HENRICUS DE).
Tractatus de observationibus novis & vera cognitione aquarum mineralium, &
de illarum qualitatibus & virtutibus antehac incognitis, et de spiritu Universali.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1661, vi. p. 716.
282
ROCHAS—RODARGIR US
ROCHAS (HENRICUS DE). Continued.
Henry, or Henricus, de Rochas, or Rochaz, sieur
d'Ayglun, was the son of a man whom Henry IV.
made General of the mines of Provence. He lived
in the early part of the seventeenth century at Paris,
was councillor and physician of the king, and wrote
some books on medicine and mineral waters. The
work, of which the above is a translation, first
appeared in French :
Trait6 des Observations nouvelles et vraye
cognoissances des Eaux Minerales, Livre I. &
Ludovicus Jacob a Sancto Carolo, Cabilonensis,
Bibliographic. Parisina, hoc est, Catalogus omnium
Librorum Parisiis Annis 1643. & J^44- inclusivt
excussorum, Paris., 1645, P- I7° (' La Physique
demonstrative ').
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 200.
Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione ad . . .
Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 14.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotlieca metallic^,
1732, p. 119.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
HernUtique, 1742, iii. pp. 59, 277.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 105.
ROCHLITZ (MICHAEL BAPST VON).
See BAPST (MICHAEL) von Rochlitz.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 375.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 131 ;
1869, ii. p. 125.
II. Paris, 1634, 1636, 8°, dedicated to Cardinal de
Richelieu.
Others on the same subject are :
La vraye anatomic spagyrique des eaux mine'r-
ales, Paris, 1637, 8°.
La physique demonstrative des Eaux mine'rales,
Paris, 1644, 8°-
Trait6 des Eaux minerales, Paris, 1648.
His medical work is on intermittent fevers.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751. ii. p. 1010.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1751, iii.
col. 2153 ; Giinther, Fortsetzunq und Ergdnsungen,
1897, vii. col. 173.
Faujas de Saint Fond & Gobet, (Euvres de
Bernard Palissy, 1777, Note, p. 678.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practice, 1777, ii.
p. 700 (various medical treatises).
Carrere, Catalogue raisonnt des Ouvrages . . .
sur les eaux mindrales . . ., 1785, p. n, No. 15 ;
p. 12, No. 16.
Ladrague, Bibliothtque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1135.
Giinther, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu . . .
Jocher s allgemeinem Gflehrten-Lexiko, 1897, vii.
col. 189 (gives a list of his works).
ROCK (JOHANN JACOB).
Disputatio Acroamatica De Chymiatria Superstitiosa, quam Speciminis loco
Eruditorum, maxime Philiatrorum, disquisition! subjicit, & ita prudentem
praecautionem commendat Johannes Jacobus Rock, Physicus Gelhusanus.
Budingae, Typis Joh. Frid. Regelein, Typographi Isenburg. Aulici. Anno
MDCCXIIX.
4°- Pp-52.
This disputation is quoted by Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 194, but that is all.
RODACHER.
See PHAEDRO (GEORG).
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 90 (under Rodogerus).
RODANIUS.
Rotatio Elementorum. Umbkehrung der Element, nach Beschreibung des
Meisters Rodanij.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. i.
RODARGIRUS (LUCAS).
Pisces Zodiac! inferioris : vel de Solutione Philosophica cum aenigmatica totius
Lapidis Epitome.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, V. p. 723.
RODARGIRUS—ROLFINCK 283
RODARGIRUS (LUCAS). Continued.
Chymia Compendiaria, ad Johannem Riturum.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, V. p. 763.
Mercklin quotes an edition by Tanckius, Lipsias, nomine ita appellatus,' and says that a century
apud Henningum Grossium, 1609, 8°, as well as before (or about 1597) he wrote not badly concern-
that in the Thtalrum Chemicum, 1622, v. [p. 806]. ing the 'philosophic solution.'
Borrichius regards the name as fictitious : ' ficto
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 197. 200. HemUtique, 1742, iii. pp. 56 (^Enigma), 275 (Pisces
Mercklin, L.indenius renovatus, 1686, p. 752. Zodiaci).
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785.
1697, p. 32, No. xlviii. p. 592.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chetnie, 1797, i. p. 314.
1731, II. ii. p. 85. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Secretes, 1870, No. 938.
Hillings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 274.
ROLFINCK (GUERNER).
See BRENDELIUS (ZACHARiA.s), Chimia in artis formam redacta, 1641.
Guerneri Rolfincii, Phil. Ac Med. Doctoris et Professoris Public! Chimia in
Artis Formam Redacta, Sex Libris comprehensa. Genevae, Anno
M DC LXXI.
4°. Pp. [8] 443 [H]. Folding table.
Other editions : Jena, 1661 , 1679, 4°, Franck- This is a treatise on Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
furt a. M., 1686, pp. [8] 443 [n] and table.
Guerneri Rollfinkens seiner in die Form einer Kunst-gebrachten Chimiae,
Sechstes Buch. Von den eingebildeten Thaten oder Werken, und Chimischen
Nicht-Wesenheiten.
See ELSHOLZ (JOHANN SIGISMUND), Destillatoria Curiosa, 1683, pp. 228-307.
Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica
Prima, De Tartaro, publicae disquisitioni exposita, Respondente Ernesto
Bogislao Frosten Pomerano, ad diem Julii In Auditorio Medico. Jenae,
Literis Krebsianis, Anno do IDC LX.
4°. Pp. [2] 36 [2].
Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica
Secunda, De Sulphure, publicae disquisitioni subjecta Respondente Hermanno
Andreae Susatensi Westphalo. Ad diem Februarii In auditorio Medi-
corum. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis, Anno C!D IDC LX.
4°. Pp. [a] 36 [a].
Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica
Tertia, De Margaritis, publicae disquisitioni exposita, Respondente Joh.
Georgio Sommero, Mellenbachio-Schvvartzburgico. ad diem April. In
Auditorio Medico. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis, Anno C!D IDC LX.
4°. Pp. [2] [8, dedication to his wife, Sophia Margarita Plathner] 28 [a].
284 ROLFINCK
ROLFINCK (GUERNER). Continued.
Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Public! Dissertatio Chimica
Quarta, De Metallis Perfectis Auro & Argento, publicae disquisition! exposita,
Respondente Theodore Rollio Wschovensi Polono, die Septembr. In
Auditorio Medicorum. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis. Anno C!D IDC LX.
4°. Pp. [2] 36 [a].
Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Public! Dissertatio Chimica
Quinta, De Antimonio, publicae disquisition! exposita, Respondente Casparo
Gigante Gloga-Silesio, Ad diem Octobr. In Auditorio Medicorum.
Jenae, Literis Krebsianis, Anno cloIocLX.
4°. Pp. [2, 48, 2].
The preceding five items are of the first edition original issue. The general title indicates that it
of these dissertations. The sixth, De Terro et was first printed in 1679, but Rolfinck's dedication
Cupro, is awanting. to Volckamer which accompanies it, is dated 1660,
As will be seen by the next entry, some, at least, so that whether it was printed then or not it was
were reprinted in 1679 ; perhaps there had been a meant to accompany the first issue,
demand for them and they had gone out of print, In the British Museum there is a complete set or
and sets were made up out of the reprints and the this edition of 1660, and it has a general title.
Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doctor et Prof. Publici Dissertationes Chimicae
Sex De Tartaro, Sulphure, Margaritis, Perfectis Metallis Duobus Auro et
Argento, Antimonio, et Imperfectis Metallis Duris Duobus Ferro et Cupro.
Jenae, Literis Krebsianis. Anno cla loc LXXIX. excusae.
4°. Pp. [8] ; 1679, [2] 36 [2] I 1679. 38 [2] ; 1660, [2] 28 [2] ; 1660, [2] 36 [2] ; 1660
50 [2] ; 1679, 34 t2] I Index to the six Dissertations [4].
Each of the tracts has a distinct title-page as follows :
Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica Prima,
De Tartaro, publicae disqvisitioni exposita, Respondente Ernesto Bogislao Frosten,
Pomerano, ad diem Julii In Auditorio Medico. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis, Anno
Clo IOC LXXIX. recusa.
4°. Pp. [2] 36 [2],
Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica
Secunda, De Sulphure, publicae disqvisitioni subjecta, Respondente Hermanno Andreae,
Susatensi Westphalo. Ad diem Februarii An. M.DC.LX. habita in Auditorio Medi-
corum. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis, clo loc LXXIX. recusa.
.4°. Pp. 38 [a].
Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica Tertia,
De Margaritis, publicae disquisitioni exposita, Respondente Joh. Georgio Sommero,
Mellenbachio-Schwartzburgico. Ad diem ' April. In Auditorio Medico. Jenas,
Literis Krebsianis clo loc LX.
4°. Pp. [2] 28 [2].
Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica Quarta,
De Metallis Perfectis Auro & Argento, publicae disquisitioni exposita, Respondente
Theodore Rollio Wschovensi Polono, die Septembr. In Auditorio Medicorum.
Jenae, Literis Krebsianis do loc LX.
4°. PP. [2] 36 [2}
Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica Quinta,
De Antimonio, publicae disquisitioni exposita, Respondente Casparo Gigante Gloga-
Silesio, Ad diem Octobr. In Auditorio Medicorum. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis,
Clo loc LX.
4". Pp. 50 [2],
Guerneri Rolfincii Phil, ac Med. Doct. et Prof. Publici Dissertatio Chimica Sexta,
de Metallis Imperfectis duobus, Ferro et Cupro, publicae disqvisitioni exposita, respon-
dente Gothofredo Samuele Polisio, Francofurtense ad Oderam. ad diem Novembr.
An. LX. habita, in Auditorio Medico. Jenae, Literis Krebsianis, Anno M. DC. LXXIX.
recusa.
4°. Pp. 34 [2]. Index to the six Dissertations [4],
ROLFINCK
285
ROLFINCK (GUERNER). Continued.
Guerner Rolfinck was born at Hamburg, 15
Nov., 1599, where his father was Rector of the
Johanneum. He began the study of medicine in
1616 at Wittenberg, under Sennertus, continued
1618 at Leyden, 1621 at Oxford, and after-
wards at Paris and Padua, and was in such
esteem that he was free to teach anatomy at
Venice, and in 1629 he was offered the ordinary
professorship of anatomy at Padua, having
already, 7 April, 1625, taken the doctor's degree
there. He, however, accepted a call to Jena
and was appointed 30 Jan., 1629, professor of
anatomy, surgery and botany. In 1641 he
became professor of practical medicine and
chemistry, and he was, as Haller calls him,
the first professor of chemistry in Germany,
and he founded both the laboratory and the
botanic garden at Jena. During the years
1630-38, as director of the garden, he made it
one of the best in Germany, by the number and
fine condition of the plants, indigenous and foreign,
with which it was supplied. He was a man of
immense knowledge, not only in medicine but in
philosophy, science and languages, was one of
the last in Europe to give lectures on Mesue,
Rhazes and the Arabs, and he was of no
less activity and energy in teaching, in practical
work, and in writing books and academical dis-
sertations. He also travelled throughout the
greater part of Europe. He was six times rector
and when he died he was senior professor and
physician of William IV., Duke of Saxe- Weimar.
His death took place at Jena, 6 May, 1673.
He must not be confused with his ancestor,
Werner Rolfinck or Rolevinck, a historian who
flourished two centuries earlier.
Adrian Beier, Syllabus Rectorum et Professorum
Jena, &c., pp. 235, 882.
Wedel, Oratio funebris . . . Rolfincio . . . Jena:
. . . anno 1673 • • • dicta [Jenae, 1673] 4°.
Witte, Memories Medicorum, Decas II., 1676,
p. 264.
Konig, Bibliotheca veins et nova, 1678, p. 699.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatns, 1686, p. 367.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 385 (Addit. c. xi. §6).
Freher, Theatrum -virorum eruditione clarontm,
1688, p. 1412.
Witte, Diarium biographicum , 1688, sig. Hhhh
i verso, 6 May, 1673.
Zeumer, Vita Professorum . . . qui in . . .
Academia Itnensi . . . vixerunt et ad hue vivunt,
lenae, 1711, classis iii. pp. 36-40.
Reimmann, Einkitung in die Historiam litera-
riam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 539.
Stahl, Zufallige Gedancken . . . uber den Streit
von dem so gcnannten Sulphure, 1718, p. 14
(brought chemistry into shape, deduced its opera-
tions from causes conformable to nature and reason,
and laid a foundation on which many subsequently
built) ; French translation, 1766, p. 6.
Papadopolus, Historic. Gymnasii Patavini, 1726,
ii. p. 314, n. ccliii.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731,
II. ii. p. 86 (contains his funeral oration by Johann
Frischmuth).
Stolle, Anleitttng zur Historic der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 709, 710, 789, 790, 791.
Jacob Leu folds Prodromus BibliothectB metallicce,
1732, p. 120.
Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Introductio in His-
toriam litterariam Anatomes, Francof. a. V., 1738,
P- 303.
So keen an anatomist was he, that he was much
disappointed when a criminal escaped him. One
dissipated scoundrel who knew his weakness,
declared shortly before his execution that he had
something of importance, the greatest importance,
to disclose, namely : that he might not be ' rol-
fincked ' after his death. Rolfinck, who was
standing by and heard this, could not contain
himself and glaring at the culprit burst out : ' Ha !
you Cadaver, you are too " putrid " for me, else I
would have rolfincked you with my scalpel.' The
phrase became popular, in the same way as to
' Rathillet ' meaning to assassinate, and to ' Burke '
meaning to suffocate, became popular, but while
' burke ' has survived, ' rathillet ' has passed away.
The position which he held as a chemist may,
perhaps, be best judged of by quoting what Wedel
says of him (p. 25) :
Divinam artem chimiam ad sobriam redegit
metam, in artis formam digestam defendit. Nullus
in Europa chimise Professor publicus ante Rolfin-
cium extitit, nullus tarn sedu!6 operam laboribus
chimicis dedit. Extruxit magnificum propriis
sumptibus laboratorium in quo spirant assidui
ignes in humanos usus.
But alchemy found an opponent in him, and he
called the reputed transmutation by Thurneysser
of the nail, which was shown as a curiosity in
Florence, ' fabulosa ' (Chymia, p. 436).
His objections were discussed by Becher in the
following : Experimentum Chymicum Novum, . . .
Loco Supplement in Pbysicam Subterranean! et
Responsi ad D. Rolfincii Schedas de non Entitate
Mercurii corporum, Francofurti, 1671, 8°, pp. 172,
and reprinted in various editions of the Physica
Subterranea, See that of 1681, p. 561.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 718.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 278.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. coL 596
(list of his dissertations).
Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, i. pp. 558-565 (a
full account).
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, i. pp. 199, 200, 389, 428, 436, 519 (notice of
him) ; ii. pp. 740, 890 (further notice), 975.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2191 ; Giinther's Fortsetzung und Ergdnsungen,
1897, vii. col. 320 (list of his works).
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1755. »• P- 332 ? 1778, iv. p. 96.
Mor^ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire hislorique, 1759,
IX. i. p. 314.
Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum. chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 495.
Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. pp. 626-635 (K00^ notice and a long
account of his anatomical work).
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 537.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 372 (a
laudatory notice).
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p.
335-
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinee practice, 1777, ii.
PP- 553-558 (a list of his dissertations).
Job. Otto Thiess, Versuch einer Gelehrtcn~
geschichte von Hamburg nach alphabetischer Ord-
nung, 1780, ii. pp. 143-145.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 15.
Joh. Christian Wiegleb, Geschichte des Wachs-
(hums und der Erfindungen in der Chemie, in der
neuern Zeit, 1790, I. i. p. 15.
286 ROLFINCK— ROSARIUM
ROLFINCK (GUERNER). Continued.
Metzger, Skisze einer pragmatischen Literdr- Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855,
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 267, § 222 ; p. 273, ii. p. 45.
§226. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 596, 1855, p. 485.
617 ; 1798, ii. p. 137 (Utis Udenius, Non-entia J. Giinther, Lebenskizzen der Professoren der
Chimica, note z). Universitdt Jena von 1558 bis 1858, Jena, 1858,
'Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litter atur, p. 121.
1806-08, p. 126. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 680.
25), vii. p. 43 (list of his dissertations). Gernet, Mittheilungen aus der dlteren Medicinal-
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, Halle, geschichte Hamburg's, 1869, p. 210.
1827, iv. pp. 66 (Rolfinck was among the first to Daremberg, Histoire des Sciences Medicates,
adopt and propagate Harvey's discovery), 148, 288. 1870, ii. p. 617.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. Hans Schr6der & C. R. W. Klose, Ltxikon der
411. hamburgiscken Schriftsteller bis zur Gegenwart,
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde- 1873, vi. pp. 362-366.
cine, 1839, iv. p. 8 (list of his dissertations). Dictionnaire Encyclopidique des Sciences Medi-
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 334 ; cales, 3eme Serie, 1877, v. p. n6(from Dezeimeris).
1869, ii. p. 326. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 272,
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. 279, 280.
289, 311 ; 1849, ii. p. 193. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 68, 91, 230.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 296.
ROLLIUS (THEODOR).
Dissertatio chimica . . . De Metallis Perfectis Auro et Argento.
See ROLFINCK (GUERNER), 1660.
ROMA.
See ANT1DOTARIO Romano Latino, et Volgare, 1635.
ROQUETAILLADE QEAN DE).
See RUPESCISSA (JOHANNES DE).
ROSARIO DE FILOSOFI.
See ARNALDUS de Villanova.
ROSARIUM.
See DAUSTEN (JOHN).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 42, 71, 145.
ROSARIUM ABBREVIATUM.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 650.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 133.
See also ROSARIUM Philosophorum . . . per Toletanum.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophit Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 40, 53, 69.
ROSARIUM NOVUM OLYMPICUM.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS).
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 202.
ROSARIUM DER PHILOSOPHORUM.
See ARNALDUS de Villanova.
ROSARIUM— ROSAR1US
ROSARIUM Philosophorum ex Compilatione omnium Philosophicorum Librorum.
Per Toletanum Philosophum Maximum.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ill. p. 663.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 119.
This and the ' Rosarium Abbreviatum ' were included in the collection published in 1599 by Justus a
BALBIAN (</.?'.).
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 202.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchtmie, 1832, p. 146.
ROSARIUM PHILOSOPHORUM.
See ALCHIMIA (De) Opuscula. Pars secunda. 1550.
See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, ii. p. 133.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 87.
Mangel's reprint does not contain the plates.
Maier, Symbola Aurea Menses, 1617, p. 273.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 202 (' Rosar-
ius (sic) cum figuris & Carminib. Germanicis, in 8
&in4').
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermitique, 1742, iii. pp. 37, 69.
Fictuld, Probier-Stetn, 1753, Th. i. p. 135.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1022.
ROSARIUS MINOR.
See ALCHEMIA, 1541, p. 309.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, i. p. 222.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 406.
Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosofhie Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 33, 35. Secretes, 1870, No. 1023.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemit, 1832, p. 154.
ROSARIUS PHILOSOPHORUM.
See ARNALDUS de Villanova.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 202.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 38.
The ' Rosarium Philosophorum ' describes the
preparation of the ' stone ' in a series of chapters
or sections, each having a symbolic picture, most
of them accompanied by explanatory verses
in German, and illustrated by parallel passages
from the leading authorities, so that the whole
forms a ' Rosary of selected blossoms.
It was a favourite work, and copies in manu-
script are not uncommon, sometimes with the
pictures coloured, • Besides the German version of
Morgenstern, there is a translation in French,
which, so far as I know, was not printed, but of
which I have seen a copy in manuscript with the
pictures finely executed with pen and ink.
Schmieder (p. 236} refers to a ' Rosarius ' in
French, by George Aurach, which he seems to
think is different from the above ' Rosarium,' but,
from his description, it is apparently merely a
French translation of it and not an original work,
and is the same as that just mentioned, in which
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p.
manuscript, however, Aurach's name does not
occur.
The ' Rosarium Philosophorum ' is sometimes
called ' magnum,' to distinguish it from the
' Rosarius ' of Arnaldus, which is different and
which contains no pictures.
From both of these again is to be distinguished
the ' Rosarius Minor.' This tract, having been
once ascribed to Richardus Anglicus by Borel,
has continued to be called his by Gmelin, Schmie-
der, and Kopp. This, however, is inaccurate, for
in the very first issue of the tract, that of 1541, and
in the subsequent reprints, the author is said to be
doubtful : Rosarius Minor . . . Incerti quidem, sed
harum tamen rerum non imperiti author is.'
Nazari (Delia Tramutationt Metallica Sogni
ire, 1599, p. 143) quotes a ' Rosarius philos.' and a
'Rosarius maior,' but from such imperfect titles it
is impossible to draw any conclusions as to the
writings he intended.
288 ROSE—ROSENCREUTZER
ROSE.
See FURSTLICHE (Die) Rose von Jericho.
See GULDENE (Die) Rose.
For alchemical books in which the Rose occurs as a symbol, see Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii.
pp. 204, 376.
ROSENCREUTZ (CHRISTIAN).
Chymische Hochzeit : Christiani Rosencreutz. Anno 1459.
Arcana publicata vilescunt; & gratiam prophanata amittunt.
Ergo : ne Margaritas obijce porcis, seu Asino substerne rosas.
Strafsburg, In Verlagung, Lazari Zetzners. Anno M.DC.XVI.
8°. Pp. [1-2] 3-146. i leaf with printer's device and colophon : Strafsburg, Ge-
druckt bey Conrad Scher, Im Jahr, M.DC.XVI. The device is an inverted anchor on a
block, entwined by a serpent, and with a bird sitting on the top of the anchor.
Mottoes : Simplex Spes. Prudentia Firma.
Chymische Hochzeit: Christiani Rosencreutz. Anno 1459.
Arcana publicata vilescunt : & gratiam prophanata amittunt
Ergo : ne Margaritas objice porcis, seu Asino substerne rosas.
Gedruckt zuerst zu Strafsburg bei Lazari Zetzners seel. Erben MDCXVI.
und der aufsersten Seltenheit wegen wieder aufgeleget. Regenspurg.
MDCCLXXXI.
8°. Pp. 173 [3 blank].
This book was printed four times in the year 1616 And sold at the Three-Kyes in Nags-Head-Court
at Strasburg. The first edition is that above- Grace-Church-Street, 1690, 16°, pp. 226 [i, i blank],
mentioned, with the device at the end. The others This translation is one of the very rarest of books,
have no device, and while the first, the second and It was reprinted with some omissions by Waite
the fourth contain 146 pages each, the third edition (pp. 100-196) and an outline of its contents is con-
contains 143 pages. This is Kloss's account, tained in the ' Mysteries of the Rosy Cross,' 1881.
which I can confirm as regards the first edition, There does not seem to have been a translation
and that with pp. 143 (and i blank), of which I into any other language.
have seen two copies. Semler, however (Sam- This work finds a place among alchemical books,
lungen, i. p. 101) says pp. 142 for one of the partly by virtue of its title, partly in consequence
editions. of the general understanding, however it originally
The author of the Missiv mentions other distinct- came about, that all Rosicrucian books are al-
ive differences. What corresponds apparently with chemical. Of the present work Kazauer says :
Kloss's fourth edition has on the title-page the Est Alchymisticum, deque lapide philosophico
reading ' substernere ' for 'substerne,' has a Rosi- obscurissimum scriptum. Kopp admits frankly
crucian alchemical symbol as a vignette, and the that the title is incomprehensible to him, and that
phrase 'Erstlich gedruckt zu Strafsburg, Anno he is unable to connect the contents of the book
1616,' instead of a proper imprint. That phrase, with alchemy. No doubt it is 'obscurissimum,'
of course, gives no information about the actual and if any alchemical matter be contained in it at
date of the book. all, it is hidden under a very recondite allegory.
The above-mentioned edition of the ' Chymische All the same, when one remembers how often,
Hochzeit,' Regensburg, 1781, was a reissue by under the guise of marriage, the union of opposite
Nicolai of Berlin. elements is symbolized, it is not impossible that
A translation was made into English : The Her- by means of the series of adventures narrated, are
metick Romance : Or The Chymical Wedding ; described the different processes by which the
Written in high Dutch By Christian Rosencreutz. 'stone' was thought to be produced. Unless the
Translated by E. Foxcroft, late Fellow of Kings book is an allegory of supposed alchemical actions,
Colledge in Cambridge. Licensed, & Entred ac- the title, as Kopp remarks, is not very intelligible,
cording to Order. Printed, by A. Sowle, at the But was it meant to be ?
Crooked-Billet in Holloway-Lane Shoreditch : The mysteries it contains are partly explained in
the book : ' PRACTICA Leonis viridis, 1619 (y.v.).
ROSENCREUTZER.
See AvTiKpwrts, 1618.
See BROTOFFERR (RADTiCHs), Elucidarius Major, 1617.
ROSENCREUTZER 289
ROSENCREUTZER. Continued.
See CRUX ABSQUE Cruce, 1617, 1618.
See EINFALTIGS ANTWORT-SCHREIBEN, 1617.
See FLUDD (ROBERT).
See FORTALITIUM Scientife, 1617, 1618.
See GEDICHT der achten Rosenkreutzer.
See GEHEIMNISS aller Geheimnisse.
See GENTTERSBERGER (SAMUEL), Speculum utriusque luminis.
See GUTMANN (AEGIDIUS), Offenbahrung Gottlicher Majestat.
See HASELMEYER (ADAM), Antwort an die Lobwiirdige Briiderschafft der Theo-
sophen vom Rosenkreutz.
It is there stated that Haselmeyer's name is not mentioned by Kloss. That is inaccurate ; it will be
found under No. 2439.
See HOLLRIEDEN (jOHANN HEINRICH COCHEIM VON).
See LIBAVIUS (ANDREAS), Syntagmatis . . . Alchymiae Arcanorum, Tomus
Secundus, 1615. Appendix necessaria.
See MAIER (MICHAEL), Silentium post Clamores, 1617.
See ORVIUS (LUDWIG CONRAD), Occulta Philosophia, 1737.
See PHILOSOPHISCHES LIGHT ... II. Pleiades Philosophies Rosiana?, 1738.
See POTIER (MICHAEL), Novus Tractatus Chymicus, de vera Materia . . . 1617.
See POTIER (MICHAEL), Philosophia pura, 1619.
See PRACTICA Leonis Viridis, 1619.
See RESPONSIONES.
See RICHTER (SAMUEL), Die wahrhaffte und vollkommene Bereitung des Philo-
sophischen Steins . . . dabey angehanget die Gesetz oder Regeln, welche die
gedachte Bruderschafft unter sich halt.
See ROSENCREUTZ (CHRISTIAN), Chymische Hochzeit, 1616.
See SABOR (CHRYSOSTOMUS FERDINANDUS VON).
See SCHWEIGHARDT (THEOPHILUS).
See SPERBER (JULIUS).
Responsum ad Fratres Rosaceae Crucis illustres.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii.
P- 349-
See SCHLUSSEL der wahren Weisheit, 1787.
See SEMLER (JOHANN SALOMON), Von achter hermetischer Arzenei, 1786.
See ALLGEMEINE und General Reformation der ganzen weiten Welt.
See FLORENTINUS DE VALENTIA, Rosa florescens, 1617, 1618.
Die wahrhafte und vollkommene Bereitung des philosophischen Steins,
See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 5790, iv. p. I.
II, T
290
ROSENCRE UTZER
ROSENCREUTZER. Continued.
According to the story which is repeated with
more or less detail in all the histories, Christian
Rosencreutz, the person named above, was a native
of Germany, who was horn in 1388. After having
been in a monastery for some time, he made a
pilgrimage to the Holy Land, studied occult
science in Arabia, in Egypt, and at Fez, and,
on his return home, by way of Spain, where his
teaching was not responded to, he associated with
himself seven other persons, and so founded the
Brotherhood of the Rosicrucians, to whom he
imparted all his secrets.
Their rules were these : They were to cure the
sick gratis ; they were to wear no distinctive dress ;
they were to meet every year on a certain day at
the house S. Spiritus ; each brother was to look
about for some one to succeed him ; the letters
C. R. were to be their seal, mark, and character ;
and the fraternity was to remain secret for one
hundred years.
The brotherhood was possessed of the deepest
knowledge and science, the transmutation of
metals, the perpetuum mobile and the universal
medicine were among their secrets ; they were
free from sickness and suffering during their
lifetime, though subject finally to death, but
they made it a rule never to reveal to each other
their death or burial place. The founder of
the order died at the age of 106, and his tomb
was unknown. The society had continued for 120
years, when on the occasion of some alterations on
their house, a door which had been plastered over
was uncovered, and on it were written the words :
Post CXX annos patebo. It gave entrance to a
vault, illuminated artificially, containing, under a
round altar, the tomb of Rosencreutz, with a
number of mysterious instruments and books, and
having the walls covered with pictures and writing.
In his hand he held a book in which were described
the revelation and mysteries of the order.
This account was all set forth circumstantially in
a small book entitled : Fama Fraternitatis des lob-
lichen Ordensdes Rosenkreuzes, which, it is said, was
published at Cassel in 1614. To the second edition
in 1615 was added another tract : Confession oder
Bekandtnuss der Societal und Bruderschaft R. C.
An die Gelehrten Europae. These editions I have
not seen, and I would not guarantee the accuracy
of their titles. Both were reprinted, along with
other Rosicrucian tracts, in 1616, and the title of
that edition is as follows : Fama Fraternitatis,
Oder Entdeckung der Briiderschafft defs loblichen
Ordens defs Rosencreutzes, Beneben der Confession
oder Bekandtnufs derselben Fraternitet, an alle
Gelehrte vnd Haupter in Europa geschrieben.
Auch etlichen Responsionen vnd Antwortungen,
von Herrn Haselmeyern vnd ander gelehrten
Leuten auff die Famam gestellet, Sampt einem
Discurs von allgemeiner Reformation der gantzen
Welt. Neben 4. Sendtschreiben darzu gesetzet.
Itzo von vielen Erraten entlediget, verbessert, vnd
alien Trewhertzigen zu gut in offentlichen Druck
mit Gott allein gefertiget. Erstlich gedruckt zu
Cassel, Im Jahr, 1616. Small 8°, pp. [n]304[i,
with the colophon : Erstlich, Gedruckt zu Cassel,
bey Wilhelm Wessel, Im Jahr, 1616] [4 blank].
From this it would appear that there are no editions
of 1614 and 1615, but only of 1616, and that one at
least preceded that of which the title has just been
given. In the same year also appeared the
' Chymische Hochzeit ' as above.
On these books, and especially on the 'Fama'
and 'Confession,' turned alHthe subsequent dis-
cussion. Their publication produced great excite-
ment, and all sorts of views for and against the
Society were advanced. A swarm of writings on
the subject came from the press during the ten or a
dozen years that the discussion lasted. Some tried
to become members of the Society ; others were
suspicious of its aims. Some defended it in earnest,
others in mockery, while others maintained that
the whole history was a myth, put forward to see
how much the public were prepared to believe, for
it was observed that in spite of all the commotion,
an actual original member of the society had never
been met with.
Amongst the earliest supporters of the society
were Fludd (q.v\ Julius Sperber (g.v.), and a
devoted believer, Michael Maier (g.v.), who
amongst other works wrote : ' Themis Aurea,' hoc
est, de Legibus Fraternitatis R. C. Francof. 1618.
Vehemently opposed to the Society were Andreas
Libavius, who composed several works against
them from the medical point of view, and F. Mena-
pius. After the interest had died down which the
alleged existence of the Society had at first excited,
the questions involved were subjected to minute
investigation, and a critical and historical litera-
ture began to grow up. This has gone on steadily
to the present time, a new dissertation appears
every now and again, and fresh articles are pub-
lished in the journals and cyclopaedias.
The first attempt to catalogue the literature, so
far as I have observed, was made by Kazauer, in
1715. On pp. 38-44 of his Disputatio he enu-
merates the tracts from 1614 to 1619. Next comes
the list of 200 writings appended to the Missiv
1783, and then, the most extensive of all, the
catalogue given by Kloss.
Professedly Rosicrucian works in English are not
very numerous. The 'Chvmical Marriage' has
been already mentioned. The ' Fama' was trans-
lated by Eugenius Philalethes, London, 1652,
i6mo, pp. [2 blank, 71, i blank] 64 ; then came
Michael Maier's 'Themis Aurea,' London, 1656, 16°,
pp. [30, 2 blank] 136 ; and there were the works of
John (not Christopher) Heydon : Theomagia, or the
Temple of Wisdome, London, 1664, 8°, in three
parts ; Psonthonphanchia,' London, 1664, small 8° ;
The English Physitians Guide : or a Holy-Guide,
London, 1662, 8° ; The Wise-Mans Crown : or
the Glory of the Rosie-Cross, London, 1664, 8° ;
The Rosie Crucian Infallible Axiomata, London,
1660.
The interest in the original works is not vet
extinct, for an edition appeared in 1827 : Die
beyden Hauptschriften der Rosenkreuzer, die Fama
und die Confession. Kritisch gepriifter Text mit
Varianten und dem seltenen Lateinischen Original
der zweyten Schrift. Nebst Einleitung und an-
gehangten Verzeichniss einiger andern Rosen-
kreuzerschriften. Frankfurt a. M. Druck und
Verlag von Heinr. Ludw. Brcinner, 1827, small 8°,
pp. xii, 95 [i blank]. The editions used for the
text are those of 1614, 1615, 1616, all at Cassel, and
1615, 1617, at Frankfurt a. M. The editor's name
is not indicated.
The question which has all along been most
actively discussed relates to the author of the
original tracts on the subject. Various persons
have been suggested, but the general consensus of
opinion has indicated theclergymanjohann Valentin
Andrea, or Andrece, as the originator of the idea.
He was born at Herrenberg, 17 Augt., 1586, and
in his 15th year went to Tubingen University, where
he pursued mathematics, philosophy, history,
ROSENCRE UTZER
291
ROSENCREUTZER. Continued.
geography, and genealogy, acquired Latin, Greek,
and Hebrew, and several modern languages, was
steeped in literature and poetry, practised music,
painting and mechanical arts. Having to leave
Tubingen, he visited Strasburg, Heidelberg, Frank-
furt, Lauingen, supporting himself as a tutor. In
1611 he was at Geneva, where he received religious
impressions which never faded, went to Lvons,
Paris, Zurich, Basel, Tiibingen, to Austria, Italy,
and to Rome.
He now devoted himself to theology, and in 1614
was ' diakonus ' at Vaihingen. This was a period
of great literary activity, and it was at this time
that the Rosicrucian books appeared, and the idea
of a Fraternity was cherished, if indeed he was the
author and originator of them, a point which has
not yet been conclusively settled.
From Vaihingen he went in 1620 to Calw, where,
influenced by his Geneva experiences, he laboured
for nineteen years to improve the people, socially
and morally. During that time Calw had its share
of the horrors of the thirty years' war ; it was
sacked and burnt, Andrea with his family and
other inhabitants had to flee to the woods, and
when they returned found a heap of ruins. Then
the plague broke out, and hundreds of people died.
He himself has described the sufferings of the time.
In 1639, after repeated solicitations and many
doubts, he removed to Stuttgart, and there began
his work of church reorganisation in Wurtemberg.
At the end of nine years he begged to be relieved
Joh. Val. Andrea, Menippus, Helicone juxta Par-
nassum, 1617, cap. 12, pp. 24-25. (No. 12 ' Fra-
ternitas.' He refers here apparently to the Rosi-
crucians but not by name, and so far as I can judge
speaks of them as an outside observer, and not at
all as ever having had anything to do with them.)
Robertus de Fluctibus (Robert Fludd), Tractatus
Apologeticus Integritatem Societatis de Rosea Cruce
defendens, Lugd. Batav., 1617, 8°, pp. 196.
Maier. Symbola Aureez Metises, 1617, p. 290.
Toh. Val. Andrea, Menippus, Cosmopoli, 1618,
cap. 12, pp. 24-25.
Henricus Neutiusius, Pia cV vtilissima admonitio
de Fratribus Rosa-Crucis, .... 1618, pp. 63 [i blank].
Olearius, Synopsis Controversiarum, p. 461.
Toh. Val. Andrea, Turris Babel, sive Judiciorum
de Fraternitate Rosacece Crucis Chaos, Argentor-
ati, 1619, 12°, pp. 72.
Maude", Instruction d la France sur la Veritt de
I'Histoire des Freres de la Rose-Croix, a Paris,
162^, 8°, pp. [24] 117 [i blank].
Henry Neuhous, Avertissement . . . des Freres
de la Rosee-Croix, a Paris, 1623, 8°, pp. [8] 46
[2 blank! ; a Paris, 1624. 8°, pp. 8, 62 [2 blank].
Joh. Val. Andreas, Theophilus, sive de Christiana
Religione sanctius colenda, . . . Studtgardias, 1649,
p. 39. (Here he speaks even more as an outside
critic, ridicules the whole conception, and says that
the best thing to do is to ignore it. Carl Theodor
Pabst in his translation : Der Theophilus des
Johann Valentin Andrea, Leipzig, 1826, 8°, pp. x,
122, has omitted altogether the first dialogue in
which the above passage occurs.)
Toh. Hoornbeeck, Sttmma Controversiarum
religionis ; cum inf.delibus, Hareticis Schismaticis,
Traj. ad Rh., 1653, pp. 424-427 (quotes the story of
Christian Rosencreutz, and repudiates the existence
of the Fraternity in very vigorous language).
John Heydon, The Rosie Crucian Infallible
Axiomata, London, 1660, small 8°, pp. [42, folding
plate], 126 [i blank]. (The preface contains the
legend of the origin of the Fraternity.)
of the task. He was offered in 1650 the vacant
abbacy of Bebenhausen with the conjoined office of
general superintendent. But failing health com-
pelled him to resign the office, and in 1654 he
received the abbacy of Adel berg. His death took
place on 27 June, 1654.
With regard to the authorship of the Rosicru-
cian books, a large majority of the authorities
ascribe them to Andrea. Not only so, but they
also state that, after Andrea had published them
and seen the results, he himself in the ' Menippus '
and the ' Turris Babel ' and ' Theophilus ' pro-
claimed the whole Rosicrucian idea to be a mere
fabrication. As Heumann puts it he was both its
'Auspex' and 'Vespillo,' he swaddled it and
shrouded it.
The arguments in his favour are partly based on
similarity of style, partly on the fact that no one
else has ever been suggested who could show a
better claim to be considered the author. The
internal evidence adduced by Guhrauer is almost
conclusive of the conception having originated with
Andrea. It is a product of the blending of his
imaginative and satirical veins.
But this view has not been universally accepted,
and the whole subject — both who the author was
and what was his design — is still open for further
elucidation. In any case, Andrea, or the author,
cannot be held responsible for the later develop-
ments of the subject and its ultimate connection
with Freemasonry.
Villars, Le Comte de Gabalis, ou Entreiiens sur
les Sciences Secretes, a Paris, 1670, 12°, pp. [4]
327 [i blank]. This, the first edition, is a rare
book. Other editions : & Amsterdam, 1671, 12°,
pp. 228 ; & Amsterdam, 1700, 12°, pp. [2] 260, with
a frontispiece and woodcuts in the text ; a Amster-
dam, 1715, 8°, pp. 155 [3], [2] 152 ; Les Genies
Assistans et Gnomes irreconciliables ou suite au
Comte de Gabalis, a la Haye, 1718, pp. [2] 176 ; a
Londres, 1742, 12°, I. i. pp. [2] 193 [3] ; I. ii. pp.
[4] 236 ; ii. pp. [2 blank, 2], 112 ; in English, by
P. A. Gent, London, 1680, 12°, pp. [8] 183 [i
blank] n [i] ; London, 1714, 8°, pp. [8] 88.
Joh. Val. Andreas, Menippus, sive Dialogorum
Satyricorum Centuria, inanitatum nostratium
speculum, Coloniae Brandenburgica;, 1673, pp. 30-31.
Lebenwaldt, Vierdtes Tractate! von defs Teuffels
List vnd Betrug in der falschen Alchvmisterey . . .
darinnen aufsfuhrlicher Bericht gegeben wird, von
den so genandten Fratribus Rosece Crucis oder
Rosen-Creutzem, 1680, p. 26.
Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, 27 June,
1654, sig. Fff. 4 recto (quotes ' Mythologia
Christiana' and 'Turris Babel," but none of the
other Rosicrucian books).
Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetische Christen-
tint m, 1690-91, Th. i. cap. vi., von den Rosen-
kreutzern, pp. 265-291.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 32, No. xlviii. (' Elucidarius' of Brotofferr).
Acta F.ruditorum, 1698, p. 172 (originated with
Joachimus Jungius, Professor of Mathematics at
Hamburg ; he was the author of the Fatna).
Hendreich, Pandectee Brandenburgicce, 1699, p.
177 (list of Andrea's works).
Georg Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tracta-
tu.*, 1700, pp. 318-323.
Zacharias Theobald, ' Warnungs-Spiegel vor
cknen alien Widertauffern mid neuen Schwarmern, '
in Der alien und neuen Schwdrmer Widertduf-
/trischer Geist, das ist, Glaubwurdiger, und His-
torischer Bericht, was Jammer, Elend, Angst,
ROSENCRE UTZER
ROSENCREUTZER. Continued.
Noth und Auffruhr, die Alien Schwdrmer und
Widertduffer gestifftet und angerichtet haben,
Cothen, 1701-02, pp. 45-62 (with portraits of
Valentin Weigel and R. Fludd ; Capitel ix.
Von Valentino Weigelio, Rosencreutzern, Sociis
Nehemias und Pansophisten ').
Buddeus, Queestio . . . An Alchimistee sint in
Republica tolerandi ? 1702, p. 37, § xvi. ; German
translation in Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Tlieatrum
Chemicum, 1727, pp. 59-62.
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheidekunst, 1702, p. 58.
Job. Val. Andreae, Theophilus, sive Consilium de
Christiana Religione sanctius colenda, Lipsias,
1706, p. 39.
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1710, iv. p. 488.
Christoph. Stephanus Kazaverus, Disputatio
Historica Solennis De Rosaecrucianis, Vitem-
bergae [1715], 4°, pp. [2] 54. [This rare disserta-
tion contains a refutation of Arnold's views. It
was mentioned without having been seen by
Brucker, and there is no copy in the British Museum.]
Goelicke, Historia Medicines Universalis, 1721,
i. p. 147. (The brethren of R.C. enjoined silence
after the manner of the Egyptian priesthood. )
Heumann, Poecile, 1726, ii. pp. 222, 233, 239,
245, 246.
lo. Franciscus Buddeus, Isagoge Historico-Theo-
logica ad Theologiam universam singulasque eius
paries, Lipsiae, 1730, pp. 239 b: 592 £-598 a (refer-
ence to several of Andrea's writings, but not to the
reputed Rosicrucian tracts).
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metalliccs,
1732, p. 120.
Morhof, Polykistor, 1732, i. p. 130 (I. i. 13. 34) ;
iii. p. 554 (III. v. i. 36).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1732, ii. col. 166
(Andrea) ; 1742, xxxii. cols. 902-904 (Rosen-
kreutzer).
Gundling, Historie der Gelahrheit, 1734, ii. pp.
2468-69 ; 1735, iii. pp. 3502, 3625 (Andrea's life
and works), 4109 (Sperber a Rosicrucian), 3626
(doubts as to whether Andrea started the Fraternity),
3627 note ; 1736, iv. pp. 5236 note (origin of the
name) ; 6096 (the R. C. Fraternity started by
Andrea).
Jacob Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der philoso-
phischen Historie, Ulm, 1735, vi. pp. 1229-1242
(and references) ; Neue Zusatze, 1757, p. 412 (note
on * Le Comte de Gabalis ' ; addition to vi. p. 1133).
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741,
ii. pp. 244-258 (Th. ii. B. 17. C. 18) ; ii. No. xxv.
p. 763 ; iii. B. p. 345.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 369, 475 ; iii. pp. 279-287,
Nos. 650-785 (calls Rosenkreutz Christophorus, and
his book Chymischer Lachzeit, Strasburg, 1616, in
8°, which is not quite accurate).
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 136 ; Th.
ii. p. 123.
Mpr^ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759,
IX. i. p. 367.
Heumann, Conspectus Reipublicae literariae,
Hanoverae, 1763, cap. vii. §46, p. 495 (discusses
the question as to whether the Brotherhood origin-
ated with Andrea or not).
Burcard Gotthelff Struvius, Bibliotheca Histories
Utterance selects, ed. lohannes Fridericus lugler,
Jenae, 1763, iii. cap. nonum, § xviii. pp. 1797-1806
(gives a brief but fair summary of the more
important views on the subject, with the authorities
for and against the Fraternity).
Brucker, Historia critica Philosophies, 1766, IV.
i. p. 736.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, i. p. 734.
J. L. ab Indagine, Chemisch-Physicalische
Nebenstunden, Hof, 1780. Fiinftes Stuck : Aus-
fuhrliche Nachricht von dem Orden der Rosen-
Kreutzer, pp. 53-88.
Robert de Fluctibus, Schutzschrift fur die Aecht-
Jieit der Rosenkreutzergesellschaft . . . mit einigen
Anmerkungen iibersetzt, von AdaMah Booz, Leip-
zig, 1782, 8°, pp. [1-2] [16] [3>320.
Archivfur Freimdurer und Rosenkreuzer, Berlin,
1783-85, 2 Th. 8°. (Among the articles in these
volumes the following refer to alchemy and Rosi-
crucianism : Naude°s ' Apologie' ;. Garland's ' Com-
mentary on the Emerald table'; ' Allgemeine
Reformation ' and ' Fama Fraternitatis ' ; Eugenius
Philalethes, ' Anthroposophical Magic,' Dr. Price's
experiments, and various reviews.)
Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des
Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, Leipzig,
1783, 8°, pp. [1-7] 8-126 ('Hochzeit,' p. 43).
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hijhem Chemie, 1785,
pp. 517, '600.
Semler, Zusatze zu der teutschen Uebersetzung
von Fludds Schutzschrift fur die Rosenkreuzer,
Halle, 1785, 8°, pp. xxxii, 212.
Semler, Unparieiische Samlungen zur Historie
der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. pp. [24] 182 ; 1787, ii.
[28] 179 [i blank] : J788. >"'• C12] 2O4 '< X788> iv- C8]
196 [18, 2 blank] (i. p. 101, ' Chymische Hochzeit).
Semler, Von dchter hermetischer Arzenei . . .
wieder falsche Maurer und Rosenkreuzer, Leipzig,
1786, 8°, pp. 84.
C. J. Bougind, Handbuch der allgemeinen Lit-
terargeschichte , 1792, v. p. 357 ; Ibid. , 1791, iv. p.
720. Semler's book, in a biographical notice of
Semler, pp. 718-729 (numerous references to notices
of him).
Tiedemann, Geist der Spekulativen Philosophie,
1796, v. p. 541.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 556-
565 (Rosenkreutzer) ; 1798, ii. pp. 331-332 (Orvius,
Renatus, &c.).
Christoph Gottlieb von Murr, Uber den taahren
Ursprung der Rosenkreuzer und des Freymaurer-
ordens, Sulzbach, 1803, pp. 16, 23, 27, 40, 44, 53,
68.
Job. Gottlieb Buhle, Ueberden Ursprung und die
vornehmsten Schicksale der Orden der Rosenkreuzer
rind Freymaurer. Eine historisch-kritische Unter-
suchung, Gottingen, 1804, 8°, pp. xii, 418 [i, i
blank].
Friedrich Nicolai, Einige Bemerkungen uber den
Ursprung und die Geschichte der Rosenkreuzer und
Freymaurer, veranlafst durch die sogenannte his-
torisch-kritische Untersuchung des Herrn Hofraths
Buhle uber diesen Gegensland, Berlin und Stettin,
1806, 8°, pp. [2] xvi, 180, 68 ; engraved plate, (severe
criticism of Buhle).
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteralur,
1806-08, p. 113 (some notice of Valentin Andrea).
Wilhelm Hossbach, Johann Valentin Andrea
und sein Zeitalter, Berlin, 1819, 8°, pp. xv. [i]
295 [i] ; pp. 75-123 (the Rosicrucian question).
Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyclopadie, 1820,
iv. pp. 33-34 (and references ; Andrea).
Thomson, History of Chemistry, 1830, p. 173.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
346, 371-
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 325 ;
1869, ii. p. 317.
ROSENCREUTZER-ROSENSTAND-GOISKE
293
ROSENCREUTZER. Continued.
Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei, 1844, pp.
174-201, Nos. 2416-2690.
Gottschalk Eduard Guhrauer, Joachim Jungius
tind sein Zeitalter, . . . Stuttgart und Tubingen,
1850, pp. 53-66 (Jungius not the originator of the
Fraternity ; account of Andrea ; connection be-
tween them).
Gottschalk Eduard Guhrauer, ' Kritische Bemer-
kungen iiber den Verfasser und den ursprunglichen
Sinn und Zweck der Fama Fraternitatis des Ordens
des Rosenkreutzes,' in Zeitschrift fur die historische
Theologie, . . . herausgegeben von Dr. theol.
Christian Wilhelm Niedner, Hamburg und Gotha,
1852, Jahrgang, 1852 (Bd. xxii. N.F. Bd. xvi.)
pp. 298-315 (brings forward a great array of proof
in support of Andrea's authorship of the Fama,
Confession and Chymische Hochzeit, of his having
originated the whole fancy, and of there never
having been any Fraternity at all).
Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literdrge-
schichte, 1852, III. i. pp. 94, 95 (' Rosenkreuzer') ;
1853, III. ii. pp. 210 (Andrea, the originator of the
Fraternity), 214, 220, 222, 430, 434 (list of Andrea's
works), 482, 484, 497, 500, 522, 523 (all about
Andrea).
Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, pp.
256-275.
Robert Alfred Vaughan, Hours with the Mystics,
1856, ii. pp. 98-118 ; 350-352.
J. G. Findel, Geschichte der Freimaurerei, 1866,
pp. 125, 290.
Hargrave Jennings, The Rosicrucians, their
Rites and Mysteries, 1870, 8° ; 2nd edition, 1879 ;
3rd edition, 1887, 2 vols., 8° (a book of absolutely
no value).
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1535, 1547.
Thomas de Quincey, ' Historico-critical Inquiry
into the Origin of the Rosicrucians and the Free-
masons,' Works, 1871, xvi. pp. 353-444. (This is
Huhle's work which he has ' abstracted, re-arranged,
and . . . improved.')
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1875, i. pp.
441-447 (with references ; article by Henke on
Andrea).
Haeser, Gtschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 225
Goedeke, Grundrijs zur Geschichte der Deutschen
Dichtung, 1886, ii, pp. 146 ; 529, No. 45 (Andrea's
poetry).
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 1-5, & passim.
Hartmann, An Adventure among the Rosicruci-
ans, Boston, 1887, 8°, pp. 181 [i blank, 10].
Arthur Edward Waite, The Real History of the
Rosicrucians, 1887, 8° (contains the ' Fama Frater-
nitatis,' the ' Confession,' and the ' Chymical
Marriage,' discusses fully and fairly the question of
authorship and the theories advanced by Buhle and
others, and gives an account of Michael Maier,
Fludd, John Heydon, Thomas Vaughan, and the
later history of the movement).
Hartmann, Cosmology or Universal Science . . .
explained . . . by means of the Secret Symbols of the
Rosicrucians of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth
Centuries, Boston, 1888 (consists of Madathanus'
'Aureum Seculum redivivum,' a vocabulary of
occult terms, and another alchemical treatise, with
printed tables containing coloured symbolical
illustrations).
Hartmann, In the Pronaos of the Temple oj
Wisdom, containing the History of the True and
the False Rosicrucians, 1890, 8°, pp. 134 [2]
(alludes to the Society spoken of under ORVIUS
(Ludwig Conrad) and gives a list of books for and
against the Rosicrucians).
Mysteries of the Rosie Cross, 1891, 8°, pp. [a], vi,
134 [2] (contains the 'Fame and Confession,' an
account of John Heydon, extracts from the 'Comte
de Gabalis,' and the 'Chymical Wedding').
Herzog, Realencyklopddie fur protestantische
Theologie und Kirche, 1896, i. pp. 506-513 (article
on Andrea by Tholuck and Holscher) ; 1884, xiii.
pp. 66-69 (article by Kliipfel on the Rosicrucians).
Charles William Heckethorn, The Secret Societies
of all Ages and Countries, 1897, i. pp. 219 and
234-241.
F. Leigh Gardner, A Catalogue Raisonnl of
works on the Occult Sciences, Vol. i. Rosicrucian
Books, London, 1903, 8°, pp. xvi, 82, portrait of
Andrea.
ROSEN-GARTLEIN.
See KLEIN (Ein) Rosen-Gartlein.
ROSENKRANTZ.
See HERMETISCHER Rosenkrantz.
ROSENSTAND-GOISKE (PEDER).
Des Herrn Rosenstand Goisce Doctors und Professors der Gottesgelahrtheit
bey der Akademie zu Kopenhagen Widerlegung einer deistischen Schrift
die unwandelbare und ewige Religion der alten Naturforscher und Adepten
betitelt, mit einer Vorrede von dem Nutzen einer demonstrativen natiirlichen
Religion und wie die Religionspuncte des Philosophen von Sans-Soucy am
griindlichsten widerlegt werden konnen nebst einer Aufforderung der
Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin die Frage von den Monaden oder
wahren und lebendigen Bestandtheilen des Universi wegen ihrer Wichtigkeit
in alien moralischen und physicalischen Wissenschaften noch einmal mit
ROSENS TAND-GOISKE—ROSINUS
ROSENSTAND-GOISKE (PEDER). Continued.
Ernst vorzunehmen herausgegeben von Georg Schade Konigl. danischen
Ober- und Landgerichtsadvocaten, auch erster Secretar der allgemeinen
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. Altona, verlegt und zu bekommen in
der Schadischen Druckerey. [1760.]
8°. Pp. 96 ; 16 ; [16] 257-328 ; 160 [24] [8].
The present work is not concerned with chemistry
and not even with alchemy, but it is interesting on
quite another account.
Peder Rosenstand-Goisce, or Goiske, was born
i May, 1704, at the parsonage of Vestervig.
He was educated by a relation at Aalborg, went to
the gymnasium, and in 1722 to the university,
where he made rapid progress and acquired a
reputation for scholarship. The course of his
studies was interrupted by his father's death, but
nevertheless he passed his rinal examination in 1724
and began teaching first as a private tutor and then
in 1726 as a master in Aalborg. In 1733 he re-
moved to Viborg as conrector, and in the following
year he was made reader in theology, which post
he held till 1740. In 1732 he obtained the degree
of magister, and in 1742 that of doctor of theology
was conferred on him.
In consideration of the long time he had spent in
school work he was promoted to be dean at Viborg
in 1747, and after holding this post for a couple of
years he finally succeeded Reuss as professor of
theology at Copenhagen in 1749. Of this office he
discharged the duties with zeal and effect, ' breath-
ing new life ' into the study of theology and intro-
ducing the Wolfian philosophy.
The publication of the present writing caused
Anton Friderich Biisching, Nachrichten von dem
Zustande der Wissenschaften und Kiinste in den
Koniglich Danischen Reichen und Lander n^ Kopen-
ROSENSTENGEL QOHANN JACOB).
some stir. George Schade (</.v.) in Hamburg, an
advocate for free thought, had sent his treatise
'Die Religion der Adepten,' as it is usually called,
to the professor, with a challenge to a theologian
to refute it. Rosenstand-Goiske undertook the
matter himself, and the above work is his reply.
Schade then published his own tract with the
refutation and some other papers in the present
volume. The Hamburg censor thereupon raised a
strong protest ; a searching inquiry was instituted,
with the result that Schade's book was burnt in
Hamburg by the hangman. Report had it that
the refutation met the same fate, but this does
not seem to be correct. The professor received
indemnification, but Schade was banished to
Christians^.
From the age of twenty Rosenstand-Goiske had
been an esteemed and active member of the
theological faculty, from 1751 he was a member of
the ' Missions College ' and a director of the
Orphanage, but in 1767 he asked to be relieved of
this duty on account of failing health.
On 13 June, 1769, in the forenoon, he had
concluded his lectures on dogmatics for the
Semester ; that same night he died very suddenly.
His published works consist of courses of
sermons.
hagen und Leipzig, 1754, i. pp. 247-249 ; 1757, iii.
pp. 472, 584.
Bricka, Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, 1892, vi. pp.
122-125 (article by A. Jantzen, with references).
Supplementa Beccheriana . . . quibus Elementa Chymiae methodo conscripta
mathematica exhibet Johannes Jacobus Rosenstengelius, 1716.
8°. Pp. [6] 156 [6].
See BECKER (JOH. JOACHIM), Oedipus Chymicus, 1716.
Besides the ' Institutiones,' Zedler quotes ' Intro-
ductio ad praxin clinicam et forensem,' Francof.,
1717, 4°-
Gmelin quotes a couple of books : Institutiones
chymico-pbarmaceuticse, das ist : Anweisung zur
Apotheker-Kunst, Franckf. 1718, 4° ; Verneuerter
Essig-Krug ; oder die Kunst auf die wortheil-
hafteste Art Essig zu brauen und aufzusetzen,
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 288.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 927.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, ii. pp. 809, 930.
Beckmann, Physikalisch-okonomische Bibliothek,
Gottingen, 1774, v. p. 584 (a review of his treatise
of vinegar-making, not quite favourable).
Sorau, 1774, 8°. All that is said of him is
that he was a physician at Duderstadt, and
Baumer's remark on the ' Anweisung ' is ' bonae
notse liber.'
His mathematical method of demonstrating the
elements of chemistry may be compared with the
geometrical one adapted by Barchusen in his Com-
pendium (q.v.).
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 40.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 48.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 384 ;
1799, iii. p. 952.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Littcratur
1806-08, p. 409.
ROSINUS.
Rosinus ad Euthiciam.
See ARTIS AURIFERVE . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 158.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 199 ; 1750, i. p. 244.
ROSINUS—RO TA TIO ELEMENTOR UM
295
ROSINUS. Continued.
Liber Definitionum.
See ARTIS AURIFER/E . . . Volumina, 1610, i. pp. 187, 203.
It is also called ' Liber de diuinis interpretationibus.'
Beschreibung von den Gottlichen Aufslegungen.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p.
i. p. 295.
242; 1750,
Rosinus ad Saratantam Episcopum.
See ARTJS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 178.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 228 ;
i. p. 279.
1750,
These writings are mentioned by a few authorities,
but nothing definite seems known about the author.
Hoefer is of opinion that he was of the Arabian
school, as he cites Geber, Rhazes, and Morienus,
and is in turn quoted by writers in the fourteenth
Nazari, Delia tramutatione Metallica Sogtii ire,
1599, p. 143.
Borel, Bibliotheca CAimu'a, 1654, p. 202.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 93.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttiyue, 1742, iii. pp. 37, 47.
and fifteenth centuries. But besides these he quotes
Hermes, Democritus, Galienus, the 'Turba,' and
' Rosarium. '
Fictuld thinks he was a Pole or a Hungarian,
and his writings are ' not for beginners.'
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 137.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 348 ;
1866, i. p. 367.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Outiarof, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 952-954.
ROSNEL (PIERRE DE).
Le Mercure Indien, ou le Tresor des Indes. Premiere Partie. Dans laquelle
est traitte* de 1'Or, de 1'Argent & du Vif-argent, de leur Formation, de leur
Origine, de leur Vsage & de leur Valeur. Avec une explication sommaire
des Titres de 1'Or & de 1'Argent, & de leur Affinage. Dedie a Monseigneur
Le Tellier. Par Pierre de Rosnel OrfeVre ordinaire du Roy. A Paris,
Aux depens de 1'Autheur demeurant rue S. Denis. M.DC.LXVIII. Avec
Privilege du Roy.
8°. Pp. [15, i blank] 64.
Seconde Partie, no title, pp. 1-136 [2] 137-176. The last part has a short title : De
L'Estimation des Pierres precieuses, et des Perles. Ensemble des autres pierres
moins precieuses.
According to the Biographie Universelle, Rosnel's
book was published in 1667, 4°, and the above
edition is the second. Gmelin quotes another
edition : Paris, 1672, 4°.
The author, as he tells us, was goldsmith in
ordinary to the King of France, and his work has
been described as valuable, showing, as it does,
knowledge of metallurgy, and having been written
with care.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 288.
Gmelin, Gesckichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 19.
There was another work dealing with the same
subject published about the same time and having
a similar title, with which Rosnel's must not be
confused : Les Merveilles des Indes Orientales et
Occidentals, ou Nouueau Traitte" des Pierres pre-
cieuses et Perles, . . . par Robert de Berquen,
Paris, 1661, 4°, pp. [14, with a portrait of Mademoi-
selle] 112 ; and again, Paris, 1669, enlarged in
several parts.
Biographie Universelle, 1846, Ixxix. p. 468 ; no
date, xxxvi. p. 503.
ROTATIO ELEMENTORUM.
See RODANIUS.
296 ROTHE
ROTHE (GOTTFRIED).
Dissertatio . . . de Salibus Metallicis. Halae Magdeb. 1708.
See STAHL (GEORG ERNST).
Gottfried Rothens, weyland Med. D. und Practici in Leipzig, Anhang zu seiner
Chymie, handlend von denen Metallischen Saltzen und dem Schmertz-
stillenden Schwefel des Vitriols. Leipzig, Bey Caspar Jacob Eysseln,
I?20- 8°. Pp. [2)108.
Gottfried Rothens, weyland Med. D. und Practici in Leipzig, Grundliche
Anleitung zur Chymie, darinnen nicht nur die in derselben vorkommende
Operationes, und die aus denen Operationibus entstehende Producta, sondern
auch die Praeparationes derer besten Chymischen Medicamenten aus der
beriihmtesten Medicorum, sonderlich Ludovici, Wedelii, Stahlii &c. Schrifften,
nebst andern, die man sonst rar und geheim gehalten, aufrichtig gewiesen
wird. Zweyte und vermehrte Auflage. Mit Konigl. Pohln. und Chufurstl.
(sic} Sachs, allergnadigstem Privilegio. Leipzig, bey Caspar Jacob Eysseln,
IT 21. 8°. Pp. [12] 240 [4]. Interleaved with MS. notes.
. . . Anhang zu seiner Chymie, handlend von denen Metallischen Saltzen und dem
Schmertz-stillenden Schwefel des Vitriols. Leipzig, by Caspar Jacob Eysseln, 1723.
Pp. 96.
Gottfried Rothens, weyland Med. D. und Practici in Leipzig, Grundliche
Anleitung zur Chymie, darinnen nicht nur die in derselben vorkommende
Operationes, und die aus denen Operationibus entstehende Producta, sondern
auch die Praeparationes derer besten Chymischen Medicamenten aus der
beriihmtesten Medicorum, sonderlich Ludovici, Wedelii, Stahlii &c. Schrifften,
nebst andern, die man sonst rar und geheim gehalten, aufrichtig gewiesen
wird. Dritte Auflage. Mit Konigl. Pohln. und Churfiirstl. Sachs, allergna-
digstem Privilegio. Leipzig, bey Caspar Jacob Eysseln, 1727.
8°. Pp. [12] 240 [4]. Anhang, with a title-page, pp. 96.
Of the life of Roth, or Rothe, what little is recorded rationi convenientissimam, with remarks by Dr.
is in the preface to the present work. He was a Jon. Wolfg. Kiinstel.
native of Lissa, Gorlitz, where he was born 14 Oct., A translation of the Anleitung was also made in
1679 ; he was a pupil of StahPs, and graduated in English : A Synopsis, or, Short Analytical View of
medicine at Leipzig University, at the celebration Chemistry. Translated from the High-Dutch of
of its third centenary in 1709. His inaugural dis- Dr. Godfrey Rothen. By Alexander Macbean, A.M.
sertation for the licentiateship was 'De salibus London: Printed for T. Longman, at the Ship in
metallicis,' Halas, 1708, 4°, with Stahl as praeses. Pater-Noster Row. M DCC XLIII. 8°. Pp. [8]
He was in practice at Leipzig, and died there 131 [i blank] xii.
23 Nov. (18 May), 1712, aged 31 years. In the translator's preface there is a passage
His book on chemistry was first published after which is not without force at the present day : 'It
his death at Leipzig in 1717, 8°. It went off so is much to be regretted, that so valuable an Art as
well that a second edition was necessary in 1721, Chemistry, should be so little regarded among us,
and the third in 1727 as above. An edition of 1739 where it might turn to the best Account. In able
is mentioned, and Gmelin quotes a sixth edition, and judicious Hands, and when duly applied, it
entitled ' Institutiones,' 1745 ; then one at Leipzig, seems productive of the greatest Good ; scarce an
1750, by Sam. Theod. Quelmaltz, and a French useful Art or Science, to which its Influence does
translation by Clousier in 1741. not extend. By its Means we gain a deeper Insight
It was one of the best and clearest manuals of into Nature, and by it a Way is opened for the
its time ; it was favourably reviewed and the author Discovery of new Arts and Trades, and of greatly
commended for his skill, and it was used as a text- improving those already discovered, whereby the
book for chemical prelections at several universities. Limits of Commerce might be considerably en-
Gmelin praises it as a ' short but extremely well- larged ; And of what Consequence such an Art
arranged and valued manual.' is to a trading People, the Reader need not be told.'
In the same year, 1717, there was published Perhaps the reader need not be told, but the
another' book by him : Tabulae pathologise prac- ' trading People ' require nearly as much telling
ticae secundum methodum medendi naturae et sanae now as they did in 1743.
ROTHS— ROTH-SCHOLTZ
ROTHE (GOTTFRIED). Continued.
Acta Medicorum Berolinensium, 1721, Decas i.
vol. i. p. 88.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 799, 800.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 8 (well done, very concise,
and the arrangement good).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 1134.
Boerhaave, Melhodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller
1751, i. p. 136; ii. pp. 936, 1030.
Jbcher, Allgemeincs Gtlehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2248.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 124.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 35.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp.
682-3.
Otto, Lexicon der . . . Oberlausitzischen Schrift-
steller, 4 vols., Gorlitz, 1800-21.
Gottlieb Friedrich Otto, Lexikon der sett dem
fiinfzehenden Jahrhunderte verstorbenen und jezt-
lebenden Oberlausizischen Schriftsteller und Kiinst-
ler, Gorlitz, 1803, iii. p. 97.
Scherer's Journal, vi.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 213.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
i855, PP- 575, 688.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 701.
ROTHEN SCHILDE (WIGAND VOM).
See WIGAND VOM ROTHEN SCHILDE.
ROTH-SCHOLTZ (BENJAMIN).
See RIPLEY (GEORGE), Chymische Schrifften, 1756.
This edition of Ripley's works contains also :
Artephius, Geheimer Haupt-Schliissel, p. 105, and
Das erofthete Philosophische Vatter-Hertz an
seinen Sohn, p. 153.
The actual editor was Friederich Roth-Scholtz.
He himself says : ' I borrowed the name Benjamin
from my "middle" brother, who is still (1732) living
in Silesia, and for certain reasons employed it in
the works of George Ripley, 8. Niirnb. 1718,
Artephius, ... 8. Niirnb. 1717, . . . Vatter-Hertz,
8 Niirnb. 1717, and Georg. Ernest. Stahl's Funda-
mentaChym, Pharmaceut. 8. Herrenstadii. 1721.'
Will seems to think the name was fictitious and
that there was no brother, but he has overlooked
the following facts. Prefixed, p. 34, to the 1735
edition of Friederich's Bibliotlieca Chemica, there
are verses from Samuel Roth-Scholtz, written
' seinem lieben Bruder zuin Andenken,' dated
Herrenstadt die xvii. Sept. A. M.DCC. XXXIV.
He is the third brother. Further, on p. 35, there
is a passage in Greek from the Apocalypse [about
the twelve gates of the city being twelve pearls, etc.]
addressed to him, ' Fratrum optime,' for his more
fruitful pondering, to which is added the fervent
desire that he may be successful in securing never-
ending fame for his labours. This is dated :
Trebnitz die xvii. Sept. Ao. M.DCC.XXXIV., and
it is from his brother — 'tui amantissimus ' Benia-
min Roth-Scholtz. There can be, therefore, no
question about the brothers.
ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH).
Bibliotheca Chemica, oder Catalogus von Chymischen-Biichern, darinnen man
alle die jenigen Autores findet, die von dem Stein der Weisen, von Verwandlung
der schlechten Metalle in bessere, von Berckwercken, von Mineralien, von
Krautern, von Thieren, von Gesund- und Sauer-Brunnen, von Warmen-
und andern Badern, von der Haufs-haltungs-Kunst, und was sonsten zu
denen drey Reichen der Natur gehoret, geschrieben haben, und in der
Roth-Scholtzischen Bibliotheque verhanden seyn. Samt einigen Lebens-
Beschreibungen beriihmter Philosophorum ans Liecht gestellt. Niirnberg
und Altdorff. Bey Johann Daniel Taubers seel. Erben. 1727.
8°. Pp. 14, 250. Title red and black. Frontispiece not included in the pagination.
The Bibliotheca was issued in five parts, which
were afterwards collected in one volume with the
general title given above. Each part has a
separate title-page, and parts iii. iv. and v. are
accompanied respectively by portraits of Nicolaus
Flamellus, Joannes Fridericus Helvetius, and Olaus
Borrichius. The contents are as follows :
Engraved title as frontispiece ; p. [i] title, as
above ; p. [2] blank ; p. 3, to the reader ; pp. 4-14,
contents of the book : Ehrenrettung der . . . Jung-
fiauen Alchymia ; p. [i] title-page to the 'Erstes
Stiicke ' of the ' Catalogus,' dated 1725 ; text, 3-48 ;
p. [49] title-page to the ' Zweytes Stiicke,' dated
1727, text, 51-96 ; portrait of Flamel (wanting),
title-page of the ' Drittes Stucke ' extra, dated 1727,
text, 97-172 ; portrait of Helvetius (wanting) ;
P- 1*73] title-page of the ' Viertes Stucke,' dated
1728, text, 174-250. The fifth part is wanting in
this copy. Its title-page, dated 1729, is on p. [251],
and is preceded by the portrait of Borrichius. The
text runs from 252 to 328, misnumbered (not mis-
printed) 238. At the end of the fifth part is the
following colophon : Niirnberg d. i. Februar.
MDCCXXXI11.
298
ROTH-SCHOLTZ
ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH). Continued.
Roth-Scholtz's catalogue comes down only as far
as Heyn (Friederich).
What was intended to be a new and revised
edition made its appearance in 1735, but, so far as
I know, the revision never got beyond the first
fasciculus, which was issued along with the sub-
sequent parts of the first edition.
The title in red and black is as follows :
Friderici Roth-Scholtzii Herrenstadio-Silesii Bib-
liotheca Chemica. H. E. Collectio Auctorum fere
omnium, qui de Naturae Arcanis, Re Metallica
et Minerali, item de Melioratione Corporum
artificial! etc. Hermetice scripserunt. Recen-
sentur etiam diversae librorum editiones aliaque
huius generis manuscripta hactenus inedita. Fas-
ciculus primus editio secunda. Norimbergae et
Altdorfii apud Haeredes Joh. Dan. Tauberi A. O. R.
M.UCC.XXXV.
In this new edition Roth-Scholtz had the design
of incorporating everything in Borellius' Bibliotheca
which was not already in his own book, and the
preliminary matter consists of his own prefaces and
reprints of Borellius' dedication and preface, to
which he has added some complimentary verses
addressed to himself. This first fasciculus con-
tains pp. 80, and as part ii. of the 1727 edition
which follows it begins at p. [49] there is irregu-
larity in the pagination. The second edition comes
down to Agrippa, and as part ii. which follows
begins with Crollius, there is a great gap in the
alphabet, which doubtless would have been filled
up by subsequent fasciculi. Roth-Scholtz, how-
ever, did not live to complete his work. One
regrets that he finished neither this book nor the
counterpart which he promised in the preface to
this second edition, p. 7 : Bewehrter Probier-Stein
. . . von Philosophise!!- Chymisch und Alchy-
mischen Biichern. Samt deren Scribenten Lebens-
Beschreibungen . . .
It would have been useful at the present day, for
it would have contained information now lost.
Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, auf welchem der beriihmtesten Philosophen
und Alchymisten Schrifften, die von dem Stein der Weisen, von Verwandlung
der schlechten Metalle in bessere, von Krautern, von Thieren, von Gesund-
und Sauer-Brunnen, von warmen Badern, von herrlichen Artzneyen und
von andern grossen Geheimniissen der Natur handeln, welche bifshero
entweder niemahls gedruckt, oder doch sonsten sehr rar worden sind.
vorgestellet werden durch Friederich Roth-Scholtzen. Herrenstadio-Silesium.
Erster Theil. Niirnberg, bey Adam Jonathan Felfseckern, 1728.
8°. Pp. [2] 26 [2] 680 [32] 350. Title red and black. Portrait of Roth-Scholtz.
3 engraved plates (i folding). Woodcut in the text. Prague medal to Helvetius.
i plate to Monte Raphaim. Engraved title and 5 plates to Basilius Valentinus.
Zweyter Theil. Nurnberg . . . A.C. 1730.
8°. Pp. 22, 935 [i blank]. Title red and black. Portrait of Roger Bacon (not
in the pagination). 2 (i folding) plates. Engraved title to ' CEdipus Chymicus.'
Dritter Theil. Nurnberg . . . 1732.
8°. Pp. 46, 960. Title red and black.
Edward Kelly (not in the pagination).
Portrait of John Dee and portrait of
I.
1. lohann. Franc. Buddei, Untersuchung von
der Alchemic (title-page dated 1727), p. i.
2. Georg Philipp Neuters, Bericht von der Al-
chemic, p. 147.
3. Wilhelm, Freyherrn von Schroderns, Unter-
richt vom Goldmachen, p. 219.
4. Treuhertzige Warnungs-Vermahnung an alle
Liebhaber der wahren Natur gemesen Alchemioe
Transmutatoriae von einem Liebhaber der Wahr-
heit aufgesetzt, p. 289.
5. Lenohard (sic) Milliners, Grundlicher Bericht
von der Generation und Geburt der Metallen, p. 313.
6. Bericht von der Generation und Regeneration
der Metallen, p. 331.
7. losaphat Friedrich Hautnorthons, oder Johann
Harprechts, dritter Anfangder Mineralischen Dinge,
vom Philosophischen Saltz, p. 339.
8. Chrysogoni de Puris, Pontische oder Mer-
curial-Wasser der Weisen, p. 391.
9. EugeniiPhilalethas, Euphrates oder die Wasser
vom Aufgang, p. 415. ^
10. lohann. Friedrich Helvetii, guldenes Kalb,
p. 481.
11. lohann Pordaedsche, Philosophisches Send-
Schreiben vom Stein der Weifsheit, p. 557.
12. lohannis de Monte Raphaim Vorbothe der
am Philosophischen Himmel hcrvor brechenden
Morgenrothe, p. 597.
13. Fr. Basilii Valentin!, Triumph-Wagen des
Antimonii, mit Theodori Kerckringii Anmerckun-
gen. Deme noch vorgesetzet Hrn. D. Georg
Wolffgang Wedels, beruhmten Professoris zu Jena
An. 1704. in einem Programmate vom Basilio
Valentino ertheilte Nachricht und Recommenda-
tion, p. 653.
After this come the engraved title-page and text of
Basilius Valentinus' book with independent pagina-
tion, pp. 350.
14. Bened. Nicolai Petrsei, Critique iiber die
Alchymistischen Schrifften, p. i.
15. Bedencken iiber die Frage, ob die Transmu-
tatio Metallorum moglich sey, p. 87.
ROTH-SCHOLTZ
299
ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH). Continued.
sophischen Steins, so aus dem Golde gemacht
wird, p. 130.
(The title-page and preface to this tract is on
p. 103.'
36. Rogerii Baconis, Tractat von der Tinctur
16. Responsum einer beriihmten Juristen-Facul-
tat : da sich ein Ehemann belehren lasset : Ob ihm
das seiner Frauen in Gold transmutirte silberne
Gefasse nicht zukomme ? oder doch wenigstens der
usus fructus davon? p. 113.
17. Julii Sperberi, Isagoge, d.i. Einleitung zur und Oel des Vitriols, p. 180.
wahren Erkanntnufs des Drey-einigen Gottes und 37. Rogerii Baconis, Tractat von der Tinctur
der Natur. Worinnen auch viele vortreffliche und Oel des Antimonii, von der wahren und rechten
Uinge von der Materia des Philosophischen Steins Bereitung des Spiefsglases, menschliche Schwach-
enthalten sind, p. 119. heiten und Kranckheitendadurchzuheilen, und die
18. Pantaleonis, Tumulus Hermetis Apertus : imperfecten Metallen in Verbesserung zu setzen,
oder : das eroffnete Hermetische Grab, p. 197.
19. Pantaleonis Examen Alchymisticum, oder :
Alchymistische Priiffung, p. 259.
20. Pantaleonis Bifolium Metallicum, das ist :
Metallisches Zweyblat, p. 313.
21. Joel Langelotts, Send-Schreiben von der
Chymie ; samt der Philosophischen Miihle in
Kuptter gestochen, p. 381.
22. Johann Heinrich Rudolffs, Unterricht von
der Amalgamation, p. 407.
23. Johann Heinrich Rudolffs, Extra-Ordinair
Bergwerck, durch die Amalgamation mil Queck-
silber, p. 431.
24. Johannis Garlandii, seu Hortulani, Com-
pendium Alchimiae, oder Erklarung der Smarag-
dischen Tafel Hermetis Trismegisti, p. 499.
25. Tabula Smaragdina Hermetis, p. 531.
26. M. Arnoldi de Villanova Erklarung iiber
den Commentarium Hortulani, p. 533.
27. Send-Schreiben von der Vortrefflichkeit der
Chymischen Schrifften Petri Joh. Fabri, p. 551.
28. Bartholomaei Korndortfers Beschreibung der
Edelgesteine, p. 567.
29. D. Joh. Joachim Bechers Oedipus Chymicus,
oder Chymischer Ratseldeuter &c., p. 619.
p. 205.
38. Epistel oder Send-Brief des Kayser Alex-
andri, welcher zu erst in Griechenland und
Macedonien regieret hat, auch ein Kayser der
Persianer gewesen : Darinnen der Stein der Weisen
durch ein Gleichniifs und Parabel sehr lustig und
wohl beschrieben erklaret wird, p. 227.
39. Rogerii Baconis, Angli, Send-Schreiben von
geheimen Wurckungen der Kunst und der Natur,
und von der Nichtigkeit der falschen Magiae,
P- 245-
40. Rogerii Bacouis, Epistola de Secretis open-
bus Artis & Naturae, & de nullitate Magiae. Opera
Johannis Dee, . . . epluribusexemplaribuscastigata
olim, & ad sensum integrum restituta, p. 287.
41. Responsum ad Fratres Rosaceae Crucis
illustres, p. 349.
42. Gloria Mundi, sonsten Paradeifs-Tafel, p.
357-
43. Ein ander Tractatlein gleiches Innhalts mit
dem vorigen, p. 511.
44. Alethophih Philosophische Betrachtung von
Verwandelung der Metallen, p. 537.
45. Warnungs-Vorrede wider die Betruger,
welche ein Anonymus A. 1670 und A. 1691 in
30. Joannes d'Espagnets geheime Werck der Hamburg des Johannis Ticinensis, Anthonii de
Hermetischen Philosophic, p. 823.
III.
31. Rogerii Baconis, Chymisch- und Philoso-
phische bchrifften, . . . Nebst einer Vorrede,
darinnen von dem Leben und Schrifften Rogerii
Baconis Nachricht gegeben wird, p. i.
32. Rogerii Baconis, Radix Mundi, oder Wurtzel
der Welt, verdeutscht nach dem Englischen von
William Salmon .... p. 23.
33. Rogerii Baconis, Medulla Alchemiae, darin-
nen vom Stein der Weisen, und von der vornehm-
sten Tincturen des Goldes, Vitriols und Antimonii,
gehandelt wird. Item eine Alchymische Epistel, so
Alexandra zugeschrieben worden. Vormals durch
Joachim Tanckium, . . . Nun aber, durch Fried-
erich Roth-Scholtzen . . . publiciret . . ., p. 73.
34. Rogerii Baconis, Spiegel der Alchemic,
p. 105.
35. Rogerii Baconis, Tractat vom Golde, oder
griindlicher Bericht von der Bereitung des Philo-
This collection of rare books — for making which
thanks are really due to the compiler — consists not
of mere reprints, like those of Zetzner, Gratarolo,
Mangel, and others, but contains original matter
by the editor in the form of introductions and
notes. These are historical, biographical or biblio-
graphical, as the case may be, and afford informa-
tion not to be found elsewhere.
Besides the general introductions to the three
volumes, which amongst other things contain lists
of all the works which he had edited and published,
he wrote prefaces to the following numbers in the
different volumes.
In volume I. : Hautnorthon, Helvetius, Por-
dadsche, and Basilius Valentinus.
Abbatia und Eduardi Kellaei Chymischen Schriff-
ten vorgesetzet hat, p. 561.
46. Johannis Ticinensis, Chymische Schrifften ;
oder Procefs vom Stein der Weisen, p. 607.
47. Anthonii de Abbatia, ausgefertigtes Send-
Schreiben von dem Stein der Weisen, und von
Verwandelung der Metallen, p. 651.
48. Anthonii de Abbatia Epistolas duae, scruta-
toribus artis Chymicae mandatae. Accessit Arcanum
a quodam Philosopho Anonymo deductum, p. 681.
49. Eduardi Kellaei, Buch von dem Stein der
Weisen . . . Nun aber nebst einer Vorrede von
dem Leben und Schrifften Kella'i zum Druck
befordert, p. 733.
50. Fragmenta quaedam Edu. Kellaei ex ipsius
Epistolis excerpta, p. 799.
51. Eduardi Kelloei, Via Humida, sive Dis-
cursus de Menstruo Vegetabili Saturni, p. 801.
52. Aula Lucis, oder: das Haufs des Lichts
durch S. N * *, p. 855.
In volume II. : to the tract 'Whether transmu-
tation is possible ? ' ; Sperber, Langelott, Rudolf,
Faber, Korndorffer, Becher's 'Oedipus,' and
Espagnet.
In volume III. : Roger Bacon, 'Gloria Mundi,'
Edward Kelly, and in the general preface John
Dee.
At the end of this preface, dated Nurnberg, 31
May, 1732, he speaks of printing forthwith a fourth
volume which was prepared and ready, provided
life and health be granted him. He did not carry
out his intention, which is to be regretted by any-
one interested in the antiquities and history of the
science.
300
ROTH-SCHOLTZ
ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH). Continued.
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Via Veritatis, 1718.
See BECHER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Chymischer Rosen-Garten, 1717.
See BECHER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Opuscula, 1719.
See BECHER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Tripus Hermeticus Fatidicus, 1719.
See BUDDEUS (JOHANN FRANZ), Historisch- und Politische Untersuchung von
der Alchemic, 1733.
See FICTULD (HERMANN), Chymische Schrifften, 1734.
See HAUTNORTHON (jOSAPHAT FRIEDERICH), Dritter Anfang der Mineralischen
Dinge, 1727.
See RIVINUS (AUGUSTUS QUIRINUS), Manuductio, 1720.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Chymische Schrifften, 1718.
The best account of Roth-Scholtz is that given by
Will. He was born at Herrnstadt in Lower Silesia,
17 Sept., 1687. He went to school there and at
Steinau on the Oder, Stoppen and Breslau, but
various obstacles came in the way of his studies,
and in 1699 he was obliged to become a bookseller.
His apprenticeship was passed in Breslau and then
in 1704 he went to Leipzig. While there he
attended private lectures given in the house where
he lived. In 1709 he was at Halle, and in 1710
removed to Niirnberg and served in various shops
there, until, in 1716, he became factor for the
business of Joh. Dan. Tauber who had just died.
In 1718 he purchased the business of Neuenhausen
in Nordhausen, took Benjamin Wedel into partner-
ship in 1719, and opened a shop at Altdorf for
Wedel, while he himself continued the business in
Niirnberg. After Roth-Scholtz was made a bur-
gess he married in 1720 the youngest daughter of
Tauber, while Wedel married an elder, and the
business was carried on under the designation of
Tauber's heirs. Roth-Scholtz died at Niirnberg,
15 Jan., 1736.
Roth-Scholtz had considerable merits and did
good work. He was indefatigable as a collector
of books, plates, coats of arms, coins, printers' and
publishers' devices and everything relating to book-
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallica,
1732, p. 1 20.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 485 ; iii. pp. 2, 288.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col.
1 220.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2253.
Burcard Gotthelff Struvius, Bibliotheca Histories
HtteraricB selecta (ed. Joh. Frid. lugler), Jenae,
1754-63, pp. mi ('doctus bibliopola'), 1184, 1903,
2243 ('eruditus bibliopola Norimbergensis ' ; his
collection of printers' marks, &c.).
Georg Andreas Will, Niirnbergisches Gelehrten-
Lexicon. Niirnberg, 1757, iii. pp. 402-410 ; 1806,
vii. (Nopitsch's Dritter Supplementband), pp. 323-
325-
Heumann, Conspectus Reipublica literaria,
Hanoverae, 1763, p. 223 (merely mentions his
name in the long list he gives of contemporary
writers ; and it is not easy to see how he could
omit him).
selling, and he compiled numerous very useful
collections, histories, biographical notices, which
were illustrated by portraits which he caused to be
engraved. He also presented a large number of
books to the Altdorf University Library, besides a
sum of money, from the interest of which every
three years a useful book was to be bought. He
carried on a learned and costly correspondence
with scholars and distinguished men far and wide,
and in this way had the reputation of being a man
of learning. This, however, according to Will,
was just what he was not. He did not know Latin,
and his letters in that language were written by
men whom he hired. He wished also to be
thought an author, and to pass for a chemist
and adept. He could not see his name often
enough in print, and he had a score of different
portraits of himself engraved in copper. Roth-
Scholtz should have lived now. His photographs
would have been everywhere and innumerable ;
the special characteristics of his shop, his collec-
tions, his books, his person, would have been
proclaimed in every magazine of the passing
moment. ' He was the vainest man in the world.'
By his vanity and the amount of capital which he
invested in copper plates, he ruined his business.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 2.
Saxius, Onomasticon literarium, 1788, vi. p. 311.
C. J. Bougine, Handbuch der allgemeinen Lit-
terargeschichte, 1791, iv. p. 648 (quotes his books
of portraits, but not his chemical collections).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 302
('Theatrum '), 683-4 (' Chymia curiosa ').
F. C. G. Hirsching, Historisch-litterarisches
Handbuch beriihmter und denk-wiirdiger Personen
•welche in dem achtzehnten Jahrhundert gelebt
haben, Leipzig, 1807, X. i. pp. 212-217. (This is a
reprint of Will's article. )
Clemens Alois Baader, Lexicon verstorbener
Baierischer Schriftsteller des achfzehenten und
neunzehentenjahrhunderts, Leipzig, 1824, I. ii. pp.
181-186.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 516.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 704.
Ladrague, Bibliotheqiic Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 537, 618.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 84, &c., &c.
ROUILLAC—RUESENSTE1N 301
ROUILLAC (PHILIPPE).
Abrege du traite du grand oeuvre des philosophes.
See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv.
P- 234-
Rouillac, latinized: a Rovillasco, was a Minorite de quinta essentia' at Lyons, 1582, 8°. This col-
of Piemont, according to Gmelin. He wrote lection was translated by Hester into English, and
' Practica Operis magni,' which was published published about 1584, again in 1596, and in 1652,
along with Paracelsus' ' Centum quindecim cura- but, unfortunately, it is only Rouillac's tract which
tiones,' tracts by Penotus and Is. Hollandus' ' Liber is omitted !
Maier, Symbola Aurea Metises, 1617, p. 347. Schmieder, Geschichte derAlchemie, 1832, p. 261.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 203. Hoefer, Hisloire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 132 ;
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 921. 1869, ii. p. 127.
Mangel, Biblio.theca Scriptorum Medicorum, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
1731, II. ii. p. 94. Secretes, 1870, No. 924.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, p. 328,
Hermitique, 1742, i. p. 472 ; iii. pp. 288, 289. No. 190.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i, p. 305.
ROWLAND (WILLIAM).
See SCHRODER (JOHANN), The Compleat Chymical Dispensatory, 1669.
ROZIER (FRANCIS).
See OBSERVATIONS sur la physique, &c.
RUAUS (FRANCISCUS).
See RUEUS (FRANCISCUS).
RUDOLFF QOHANN HEINRICH).
Unterricht von der Amalgamation.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii.
P- 407-
Extra-Ordinair Bergwerck, durch die Amalgamation mit Quecksilber.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii.
P- 431-
This seems to be the person with whom Orschall (q.v.) spent some time studying chemistry.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 166. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1356, 1357.
RUESENSTEIN (ALEXIUS VON).
Auserlesene chymische Universal und Particular Processe, welche Herr Baron
von Ruesenstein auf seinen zweyen Reisen mit sechs Adepten, als : Gualdo,
Schulz, Fauermann, Koller, Fornegg und Monteschider, erlernet, auch viele
selbst davon probirt und mit eigener Hand im Jahr 1664. zusammen getragen
hat, und wovon die Originalien in seinem Schlofs in einer Mauer gefunden
worden sind. Frankfurt und Leipzig, zu finden bey Peter Conrad Monath,
1754-
8°. Pp. [16] 284. Index [4}
302
RUESENSTEIN—R ULAND
RUESENSTEIN (ALEXIUS VON). Continued.
to the
There seems to be some confusion as
name of the author of this volume.
The opening sentence in the above is : " Ich
Alexius, Freyherr von Ruesenstein, Herr zu
Hophenbach, schenke dir dieses Buch, o Erfinder ! "
and then he tells us that his great grandfather was
a peasant called Peter Ruefs, his son was Fried-
rich Ruefs, who enriched himself by goldmaking,
and his son again was Ferdinand Ruefs, the
author's father. His father on his death-bed gave
him the writings about the process, and bade him
keep it secret — and thereafter he made gold. He
ultimately was created a baron and took the name
of Ruesenstein. In the book itself there are a
number of other biographical details.
The name here, then, is distinctly Ruesenstein.
According to Gmelin, however, followed by Schmie-
der, a book of exactly the same title, which
appeared at Vienna in 1754, was written by
a Baron von Nussenstein ; and Baumer assigns
it to Henricus de Neussenstein. In the Cata-
logus Manuscriptorum chemico-alchemico- . . .
curiosorum there is a MS. by a certain
Russenstein, some of the contents of which
sufficiently resemble those in the present book to
make it probable at least that, if they are not
identical, there is some connection between them,
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 1899.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 100.
Catalogus Manuscriptorum chemico- alchemico-
ma%ico- . . , curiosorum, 1788, p. 118.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 328.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chcmischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 315.
and between their respective authors. Kopp says
that the chief compiler seems to have been Alex-
ander von Ruesenstein. This may be the same
person as Alexius who claims the present work.
Kopp adds that he does not know whether the
book cited under the name of Nussenstein has any-
thing to do with the MS. So far as one can judge
Nussenstein seems to be simply a misprint, and the
true name is Ruesenstein, or Russenstein. Whether
the autobiography is genuine is quite another
question.
Kopp mentions also a MS. dated 1703 of Hein-
rich Conrad v. R. referring to alchemical pursuits
of his father, which so far confirms Baumer's
Henricus de N. But Fuchs, who quotes the pre-
sent book under 1754, calls the author L. Riisen-
stein, "afterwards made a baron," but in the
index C. Riisenstein.
It may be remarked that Monteschider, the name
of one of the adepts which occurs throughout the
book, is presumably meant for Montesnyder.
According to Zedler there is a castle of Russen-
stein in Jutland, in Denmark, which belonged then
(1742) to the noble family of juel and conferred the
title of baron. Whether the present author had
anything to do with this family does not appear.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p.
568.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1323.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 227.
RUEUS (FRANCISCUS).
De Gemmis aliquot.
See LEMNIUS (LEVINUS), Similitudinum ac Parabolarum
1596.
Franciscus La Rue, or Rueus, Insulanus or In-
sulensis, was a doctor of medicine of Ryssel, lived
in the middle of the sixteenth century and wrote
this work about precious stones, especially those
mentioned in the Apocalypse. He believed in the
occult powers and actions of precious stones.
The title of his book is thus given : De Gemmis
libri II. quarum D. loannes in Apocalypsi meminit
aliisdue quorum usus hoc sevo apud omnes per-
crebuit. Parisiis, apud Wechelum, 1547 ; and
Lugduni apud Franciscum Fabrum, 1588, 8°,
dilucida explicatio,
Franciscus Sweertius, Athence Belgica, Antver-
pias, 1628, p. 253.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 156.
Valerius Andreas, Bibliotheca Belgica, Lovanii,
1643, p. 240.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 203.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 297.
with the ' Philosophia sacra ' of Franc. Valesius.
To the Paris edition is prefixed an epistle
by Paschasius Balduinus, in which the work
is reviewed. Sweertius says the books are
' Theologis & Philosophis non inutiles.' It was one
of the works on minerals included by Gesner in his
collection : De omni rerum fossilium genere, gem-
mis, lapidibus, metallis, et huiusmodi, Libri
aliquot . . . Tiguri, 1565-66, ff. 85 (the tracts have
separate signatures and leaf numbers) ; and to this
also is added Balduinus' ' Epistola. '
Man get, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 98.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromiis Bibliothecce metallicce,
1732, p. 121.
Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, i. p. 308.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col.
1389.
Jocher, Allgemcines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2297.
RULAND (MARTIN), The Elder.
Lexicon Alchemias sive Dictionarium Alchemisticum, cum obscuriorum Ver-
borum, & Rerum Hermeticarum, turn Theophrast- Paracelsicarum Phrasium,
Planam Explicationem continens. Auctore Martino Rulando, Philosophic, &
RULAND
3<>3
RULAND (MARTIN), The Elder. Continued.
Med. D. & CKS. Maiest. Personre SS. Medico, &c. Cum Priuilegio Caes.
Maiest. ad decennium. Cura ac sumtibus Zacharise Palthenii, Librarii ac
1). in libera Francofurtensium Repub. MDCXII.
4°. Pp. [7, i blank] 471 (mistake for 487^, i blank. 2 woodcuts on the margin. Vignette.
Progymnasmata Alchemise, siue Problemata Chymica, nonaginta & vna Quaes-
tionibus dilucidata : cum Lapidis Philosophici vera conficiendi Ratione :
Auctore Martino Rulando Phil. & Medic. D. MDCVII. Francofurti,
E Collegio Musarum Paltheniano.
8°. Pp. [16] 254 [2 blank] ; Appendix Quaestionum Chymicarum, 136.
The last tract has a separate title :
Lapidis Philosophic! vera conficiendi ratio, gemino eruta tractatu : Opera
Martini Rulandi Philosoph. & Med. D. E Collegio Musarum Paltheniano. Anno
M.DCVI.
Pp. 165 [with device and colophon].
Martin Ruland, the elder, was born at Frei-
sing, in Upper Bavaria, in 1532, was a physician
at Lauingen in Swabia, where he is said to have
taught medicine in the gymnasium, and he was
physician of the Pfalzgraf Philip Ludwig, and of
the Emperor Rudolph II. He died at Prague 3
Feb., 1602, aged 70.
He was in favour of Paracelsus' reforms, but be
dealt greatly in secret remedies especially in
emetics, such as ' aqua benedicta,' 'aqua terrae
sanctce,' ' vinum sublimatum.1
He wrote some works connected with medicine :
Medicina practica recens et nova, Argentorati,
1564, small 8°, ff. [12] 76(4] ; Appendix de Dosibus,
ff. [12] 44 ; an alphabetical list of diseases with
their remedies. It went through several editions.
De phlebotomia . . . Argent., 1567, 12°.
Hydriatice, sive aquarum medicarum sectiones
quatuor, Dillingen, 1568, 8°.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 203.
Konig, Bibliolheca veins et nova, 1678, p. 708.
Mercklin, Lindenius renoi'attis, 1686, p. 789.
Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig. B a
recto, 3 Febr. , 1602.
Moller, Homonymo-Scopia, 1697, p. 718 ; No.
cxiii.
Teissier, Les Eloges des Hommes savans, 1715,
iv. p. 413.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Script 'arum Medicnrum,
1731, II. ii. p. 98.
Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metal lira,
1732, p. 121.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 728.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttiq-uc, 1742, iii. p. 290.
Zedler, Universal lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 1786.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, ii. pp. 856, 1010.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2306.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historiqve de la Mtdecine,
I755- »• .P- 347 : 1778, iv. p. 135.
Mor<5n, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759,
IX. i. p. 433.
Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
logicvs, 1761, p. 344.
Curationum . . . centurins X., Basil., 1578 16°;
several editions.
Balnearium restitutum, Basil., 1579, 8°.
Martini Rulandi Patris Secreta Spagyrica, sive
plerorumque medicamentorum Rulandinorum genu-
inae descriptiones, cum scholiis Ehrenfridi Hagen-
dornii, Med. D. Acad. Cur. Jenae, Literis
Gollnerianis, 1676, 12°, pp. 94 [2],
A book with the same title, and dated Jenae,
1616, is ascribed to Ruland the younger in Hirsch's
Lexikon. That is due probably to some confusion.
The ' Lexicon Alchemiae ' was first published in
^612, as above, and it appeared again at Frankfurt
in 1661, 4°, pp. [7, i blank], 471 [i blank]. This is
merely a reissue of the remainder of the 1612
edition, but the title-page and preliminary matter
have been reset, and the title-page is in red and
black. I have not seen the Niirnberg edition
of 1671, mentioned by Leupold and Kobolt.
Portal, Histoire de I'Anatom ieetde la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 466.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 335.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 223.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinee practices, 1777, ii.
pp. 152 (list of his medical writings only).
Beytrag tur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
PP- 590, 595-
Anton Maria Kobolt, Baierisches Gelehrten-
l-exikon, Landshut, 1795, p. 569.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 322,
323-
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen I.itteratur,
1806-08, p. 82.
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 72.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykundf, 1827, iii.
pp. 418, 513.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 277 ;
1849, ii. p. 167.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, i.
P. 31?-
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, p. 441.
Hirsch, Biographisches I*exikon der hervorra-
genden Aertte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v.
p. 1 20.
304
K ULA ND—R UMELIUS
RULAND (MARTIN), The Younger.
Propugnaculum Chymiatriae : Das ist, Beantwortung vnd beschiitzung der
Alchymistischen Artzneyen, etlicher Spuriogalenisten verleumbdungen, vnd
der vortrefflichen hochnutzbarlichen Chymiatriae, vnchristlichem vnd vnbil-
lichem verdammen entgegen gesatzt, durch Mart. Rulandum Phil. & Medicinae
Doctorem, & Cassareae Majest. a consiliis Medicis. 1608. Cum gratia &
Privilegio Caes. Majest. ad decennium. In verlegung Jacob Apels Buch-
fuhrers zu Leipzig.
4°. Pp. [28] 192. Title red and black. Colophon : Gedruckt zu Leipzig bey
Michael Lantzenberger. Im Jahr M.DC.VIII. In Verlegung Jacob Apels Buch-
fiihrers. Vignette on the title-page of Jacob and the angel.
Alexicacus Chymiatricus : puris Putis, Mendaciis, atque Calumniis atrocissimis
loannis Oberndorferi, quibus, laruatus ille medicus, Apologiam suam,
chymico-medicam practicam nequissimo ausu iniuriosissime consarcinauit ;
Oppositus asserendae veritatis, & famae integritatis suae iure, a Martino
Rulando, Phil. & Med. D. & Caesar. Maiest. Personae S. Sae. Medico, & a
cubiculo chymiatro. Missus ab Auctore Francofurtum, prostat apud
Palthenium. Anno M.DC.XI.
4°. Pp. [7, i blank] in [i blank].
Martin Ruland, the son of the preceding man, was
born on St. Martin's day, n Nov., 1569, at Lauin-
gen, according to some, which seems most likely
as it was his father's residence, but according to
others at Ratisbon, which statement may have
arisen from his subsequently living there.
He graduated at Basel at the age of 18 ; when he
was 25 he was ordinary physician at Ratisbon,
and was appointed physician of Rudolph II., 16
March, 1607. His death at Prague, 23 April,
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 351.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 204.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetits et nova, 1678, p. 708.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 790.
Freher, T heat rum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 1325 ; portrait, plate 60.
Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, I 3 recto,
1611.
Teissier, Les Eloges des Homines Savans, 1715,
iv. p. 414.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 99.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 290.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 1787.
Boerhaave, Methodus Stiidii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, ii. pp. 595, 596, 734, 874.
Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2307.
Eloy, Diction naire Historique de la Mtdecine,
!755. »• P- 348 ; I778, iv. p. 135-
Moreii, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759,
IX. i. p. 433.
1611, of the Hungarian sickness, happened in his
forty-second year.
A good many works were written by him : Lues
Hungarica, 1600, and in several later editions ;
Problematum medicorum physicorum pars prima
et secunda, 1608, and the account of the boy with
the golden tooth upon which he carried on a con-
troversy with Ingolstetter about 1595-97, afterwards
reviewed by Libavius.
His discussion in the Alexicacus with Obern-
dorfer (y.v.) does not err on the side of moderation.
Matthioe, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 365.
Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 466.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices^ 1777, ii.
pp. 317, 323, 358.
Anton Maria Kobolt, Baierisches Gelchrten-
Lexikon, Landshut, 1795, p. 571.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chcmie, 1797, i. pp. 570-
S7i.
Biographie Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 73.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii.
p. 406.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i.
P- 314-
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 717.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme Serie, 1877, v. p. 591.
Hirsch, Biographisc/ies Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v.
p. 1 20.
RUMELIUS.
See RHUMELIUS (JQHANN PHARAMUND).
R UMPELIUS—R UPESCISSA
3°5
RUMPELIUS (JOHANN HEINRICH).
M. Johann Heinrich Rumpelii Curioser Tractat von denen Geistern, so in
Bergwercken erscheinen, oder von so genanten Berg-Mannlein, aus dem
Lateinischen ins Teutsche iibersetzet von M. M. Drefsden und Leipzig,
Bey Johann Christoph Miethen, 1702.
8°. Pp. 38.
This first appeared as an academic dissertation, account of gnomes and cobolds, and resembles
with Philippus Rohr as Respondens : Dissertatio de the earlier tract of Agricola : De animantibus
spiritibus in fpdinis apparentibus s. de virunculis subterrancis, Basil., 1549, pp. 79 [33].
metallicis. Lips., 1672, and 1677, 4°. It gives an
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicee,
1732, p. 121.
Haller, Bibliotheca. Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 620
(De inedia quorumdam hominum diuturna, Lips.,
1674, 4°).
RUPERTUS (EXPERTUS).
See HULFFE wider die Armuth, 1702.
RUPESCISSA (JOANNES DE).
Liber de confectione veri Lapidis philosophorum.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 226.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l6$9, Hi. p. 189.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 80.
Liber lucis.
See BROUCHUISIUS (DANIEL), Secreta Alchimiae Magnalia, 1612, p. 41.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 284.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 84.
This is another version, somewhat modified, of the preceding tract.
Thesaurus Mundi, Ein Buchlein welches genandt wird ein Schatz der Welt.
See NEANDER (THEOPHiLUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 294.
This is a modified German translation.
Jean de Roquetaillade, better known as Joannes
Rupescissa, was a Franciscan monk who lived at
Aurillac in Aquitaine in the fourteenth century.
Jocher calls him custos at the Dom-Capitel of
Rodes, and advocate at Aurillac. In one of his
works, entitled ' Apologus,' under the parable of a
bird born without any feathers, but furnished there-
with by contributions from other birds, he shows
how the emperor and other Christian rulers who
have enriched the pope, will finally make him poor
again on account of his intolerable arrogance.
He criticised the clergy and the pope, and uttered
prophecies about kings and states. So he was put
in prison by Innocent VI. about 1356 or 1357, and
remained there till his reputed liberation in 1378
by Urban VI., though some say that he died in
prison, others that he was burned in 1362, while
still others affirm him to have been buried at Ville-
franche near Lyons. Bayle was not sure what was
the end of him, but did not believe that he was
burned.
Matthiae merely says : Career! mancipatus a.
1345. in eoque mortuus circa 1375. Celebris
Cbemicus.
II. U
The dates given are so various, that there is
obviously small reliance to be placed on these
stories.
During his confinement he wrote his different
works, including those about alchemy, basing his
knowledge on former practical experience. On
this latter ground he bad a great reputation as one
of the masters of the an, and he boasted of a
quintessence of which one part could transmute
100 parts of mercury into gold or silver.
In the ' Liber lucis ' is a picture of the furnace in
which was conducted the ' incubation of the philo-
sophic egg' whence .issued the marvellous quint-
essence.
The authorities quoted by him are Geber,
Arnaldus and Lullius, who all flourished before his
time.
The works ascribed to him are the following :
Liber lucis, Colon. Agrip., 1579, 4*, along with
Thomas Aquinas, edited by Daniel Brouchuisius,
Basileae, 1598, and reprinted as above.
De considerationeQuintae essentie, rerum omnium,
opus sane egregium . . . nunc primum in lucein
data. . . . Basileae, no printer, or date [but the
306
R UPESCISSA—R YFF
RUPESCISSA (JOANNES DE). Continued.
'Epistola' is dated May, 1561, and the book is of
that time], 8°, pp. [1-9] 10-341 [6, 5 blank].
Besides Rupescissa's tract the volume contains
writings by Arnaldus, Lullius, Savonarola and
Cardan. Another edition : Basileae, per Con-
radum Waldkirch, 1597, 8°, pp. [1-7] 8-292 [4].
Liber de confectione veri lapidis philosophorum
as above. It is said by some not to be by him ;
that may be, but all the same it is practically
identical with the ' Liber lucis.'
Wolfius, Lcctiones Memorabiles, 1600, i. pp. 623-
625 (ad annum 1340), (a prophecy, taken from
Froissart).
Maier, Symbola Aure<z Afensee, 1617, p. 388.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 303.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 204.
Conring, De Hermetica Medicina libri duo,
1669, lib. ii. cap. 3, pp. 206-207, 2I1 > caP- rSi P-
417.
Johannes Gottfridus Olearius, Abacus patrolo-
gicus, Jense, 1673, p. 264 (name derived possibly
from his birth-place, a village a couple of miles
from Lyons ; a Franciscan ; reference to his im-
prisonment at Avignon ; his prophecies and stric-
tures on the vices of his time ; his book on the
Quintessence, Basil., 1561).
Cardilucius, Magnalia Medico-Chymica, 1676,
Vorrede, and pp. 6, 7, &c.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 709.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovaius, 1686, p. 674.
Joannes Trithemius, Annales Hirsaugienses, S.
Galli, 1690, ii. p. 225.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Medicorum,
1697, p. 22, No. xxix.
Casimir Oudin, Commentarius de Scriptoribus
Ecclesice Antiquis, 1722, iii. cols. 1011-1015.
Bayle, Dictionnaire historique et critique, 1730,
iv. p. 74 (long account).
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 102.
Lucas Wadding, Annales Minorum, ad Annum
fJJ7> J733» vm- P- J32> No. xvi. (mentions Rupe-
scissa's imprisonment, but says nothing about his
end, and is mainly concerned with vindicating his
prophecies and defending him from the charge of
heresy).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 204, 468 ; iii. pp. 36, 52,
69, 290, 291.
RUSSENSTEIN.
See RUESENSTEIN (ALEXIUS VON).
RUSSIA.
See PHARMACOPOEA ROSSICA, 1803.
RUSTICUS MINOR.
See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN).
RYFF (WALTHER HERMANN).
New grofs Distillier-Buch, wolgegriindter kiinstlicher Distillation. Gvaltheri
H. Ryff, Medici, & Chirurgi. Vnderweisung vnd bericht, die fiirnembste
Distillierte Wasser, Kostliche Aquas uitae, Quintam essentiam, Heylsame
61, Balsam, vnd dergleichen vil guter Abziig, so zu vilfaltigen kranckheyten,
Coelum philosophorum, Paris., 1548, and others
in manuscript.
There is a French version : La vertu . . . de la
quintessence, Lyon, 1549, small 8°, by Antoine du
Moulin Masconnois, and there is said to be a trans-
lation of the ' Liber lucis ' by the same, Paris,
without date.
According to Cardilucius, in his Magnalia
Medico-Chymica, the first two tracts in that collec-
tion about the ' Quintessence ' were written ' without
doubt ' by Rupescissa.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 1853.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten -Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 2315.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 66.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine,
I755. 'i- P- 343 ; *778, iv. p. 116.
Moreri, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759,
IX. i. p. 363.
Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 71.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 83.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 487.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 57-
S9-
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 29.
Lucas Wadding, Scriptores Ordinis Minorum,
1806, p. 154.
Lives of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philosophy,
1814, p. 24.
Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 52.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 186.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 421 ;
1866, i. p. 446.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 228
(' Lapis philosophorum ' made by a series of opera-
tions from mercury) ; 1845, iii. p. 243 (volatile
alkali?); 1847, iv. pp. 188 (sulphate of mercury),
193 (calomel).
Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Naturelles au
Moyen Age, 1853, p. 387.
Figuier, L'Alckimie et les Alckimistes, 1856, pp.
IS. 58- 131-
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarojf, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 579, 799-801.
Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme SeVie, 1877, v. p. 196.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 361, 387.
RYFF
RYFF (WALTHER HERMANN). Continued.
fehl vnnd gebrechen menschliches Corpers, fast niitzlich gebraucht werden
mogen, Recht kiinstlich, vnd vil vff bequemere art dan bifsher, auch mit
bequemerm zeug der Gefefs vnnd Instrument, des gantzen Distillierzeugs,
Von Kreuttern, Blumen, Wurtzeln, Friichten, Gethier, vnnd andern stucken,
darinn natiirliche feuchte vnd Elementische krafft, Einfach oder mancherlei
gestalt vermischt vnd Componiert, Kiinstlichen abzuziehen oder Separieren.
Mit ordenlichen (sic) vnd vollkommenen Registern. Mit Kaiserlichen Maiest.
Priuilegien, auflf acht jar. Zu Franckfort, Bei Christian Egenolffs Erben.
[date cut off?].
Folio. Ff. [4] cxcvii. Vignette ; 284 woodcuts.
Colophon : Gedruckt zn Franckfort am Meyn, Bei Christian Egenolffs Erben,
Ira Jar, M.D.LVI.
A new edition of the ' Distillier-Buch ' was printed
at Frankfurt a. M. by EgenolfFs heirs in 1597,
small folio, ff. [6] 217, with woodcuts, and the title
in red and black. As it is definitely asserted on the
title-page that the book was first put in print by
Hieronymus Braunschweigk, and afterwards by
Gualtherus Ryff, the 1597 issue is strictly the third
edition of the book.
Ryff, Ryf, Rijf. Riffus or Rivius, while Justus
calls him Gualterus Rieff Hermenius, a native of
Strasburg, must have been born towards the end of
the fifteenth century. He studied medicine, and
became physician to the town of Ntirnberg, though
Schenkius says he succeeded Hieronymus Braun-
schweig, who had been at Strasburg. He after-
wards went to Mainz, where, in or about 1540,
he had acquired a great reputation. According to
Wolfgang Justus he died at Mainz in 1539, but
there seems to be considerable confusion as to his
dates.
Haller's summary is pointed : Compilator et
polygraphus, malorum morum, & passim de civi-
tatibus ejectus, pessimo Gesneri testimonio notatus,
which statement he repeats about the drumming
out of more than one town for his flagitious want of
morals.
From Justus he got the name of ' Dioscoridis
cxplanator' for his commentaries on that author.
He published an edition of the two books of
Gesner, Bibliotheca, Tigari, 1545, ff. 284-285
(severe criticism of Ryff) ; ed. Simler, 1583, p. 295
(the criticism is omitted).
Wolfgang Justus (Jobst), Chronologia . . . Medi-
corum, 1556, p. 163.
Paschalis Gallus, Bibliotheca Medica, Basil., 1590,
p. 115 (no criticism).
Schenckius, Biblia latrica, Francof., 1609, p.
203 (list of his works ; no adverse criticism).
Jacob Thomasius, Dissertatio Philosophica de
Plagio Literario, Lips., 1673; Ad Diiputationetn
. . . de Plagio Literario Accessions, Jenae, 1679,
pp. 26-28, §§ 691-692.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 365.
Conring, In Universam Ariem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 404 (cap. xii. §4, add.).
Mangetj Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, I. li. p. 676 (under Hermannus ; quotes
Justus for the date 1539).
Stolle, Atileitung sur Historic der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 819.
Jacob l^upolds Prodromus Bibliotheca: metallictr,
1732, p. 121.
Douglas, Bibliographia Anatomica Specimen,
'734. P- 9».
Raymund Lully (q.v.) : De secretis Naturae siue
Quinta essentia, to which was added : Albert!
Magni summi philpsophi, De mineralibus & rebus
mctallicis Libri quinque, Argent., 1541, 8*, with a
prefatory epistle to ' Philippus Imsserus Mathe-
maticus. '
He also published numerous works on pharmacy
(one of which was translated by Goclenius, Francof.,
1610, 8°), surgery, anatomy, and obstetrics, and in
writing them he seems to have had no scruples
about appropriating material wherever he could
find it. He thereby brought upon himself the
wrath of his contemporaries, who showed no mercy
for his shortcomings, either as a man or as an
author.
One attack, 'surprisingly violent ' as Goedeke
calls it, was published by Gesner in the first edition
of his Bibliotheca, and another by Leonhard
Fuchsius in his Apologia adversus Gualtherum
Ryffium. If Ryffius was as bad as they make out,
he must have been literally what Fuchsius calls
him, the most brazen of mortals : Homo omnium
quotquotsolillevidit, impudentissimus. Thomasius,
however, seems inclined to let him off a little more
easily, for though, he says, most of his numerous
works were stolen from others, they were written less
for renown than to repair his dilapidated finances
— in a word, they were "pot-boilers. Poor Ryffius,
what a long time to stand on the pillory !
Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Introductio in His-
toriain litlerariam Anatomes, Francof. a. V., 1738,
p. 151.
Kestner, Medicinischcs Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1740,
p. 734 (' der unverschamteste Plagiarius ').
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col.
2076.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, pp. 160, 173, 174, 501, 721, 849, 864 (makes
no reference to Gesner's criticism).
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
!755- >'• P- 328 ; 1778. »v. p. 76.
Will, Nurnbergisches Gclehrlen-Lexicon, Niirn-
berg, 1757, iii. p. 368 ; 1806, vii. (Nopitsch's
Drifter Supplementband], p. 291.
Georg. Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medicorum
chronologicus, 1761, p. 193.
Portal, Histoire de I' A natomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, i. p. 376 (praises his work and says nothing
about plagiarism).
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 294
(' plagiarius,' &c.).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 189.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 190 ;
1775. »• P- 599.
RYFF—RYTHMI
RYFF (WALTHER HERMANN). Continued.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practicee, 1777, ii.
p. 57 ('homofamosus, polygraphus et compilator ').
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literar-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 207, § 181.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 327
(list of his pharmaceutical works).
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 62.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 45 (quotes Gesner's judgment on
Ryff in full).
Isensee, Die Geschichte der Medicin, 1840, i.
p. 284.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1849, ii. p. 183.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, p. 402 (edition of Lullius' book, 1541).
E. F. H. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, 1857,
iv. p. 336.
Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1877, v. p. 819.
Karl Goedeke, Grundriss zur Geschichte der
Deutschen Dichtung, 1886, ii. p. 320.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte alier Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v.
P- 133;
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. pp. 416-418.
RYTHMI.
See RHYTHMI.
S.—S. (G. M. B. D.) 309
See SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEPH WILHELM).
S***.
Des Englischen Grafens von S*** experimentirte Kunst-Stiicke oder Sammlung
einiger rarer, curieuser und geheimer Chymischer Processe und andere hochst-
niitzliche Arcana in welchen die Kunst : Gold zu machen mehr als auf einen
Weg ohne dunckle Worte und Allegorien gantz deutlich gezeiget und mit alien
Umstanden beschrieben und denen Liebhabern der edlen Chymie zu sonder-
bahren Nutzen ans Licht gegeben worden Von W. G. L. D. Braun-
schweig, MDCCXXXI. Zu finden in der Rengerischen BuchhandL
8°. Pp. [12] 84. Title red and black.
Zweyter Theil. MDCC XXXII.
Pp. [1-13] 14-112.
Dritter Theil. M DCC XXXI 1 1.
Pp.96.
These parts have title-pages.
The book is mentioned by Gmelin, who, however, editor, W. G. L. D. whom, by the way, he calls,
enumerates only Parts I. and II. He has nothing W. H. L. omitting D. which, possibly, he took to
to say about the author, or his equally modest signify 'Doctor.'
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 317.
S. (C. D. M. A.).
See GRUNDLICHE Widerlegung etlicher Johan-Rudolff Glaubers . . . Schrifften,
l66l,
S. (C V. M. V.).
See PRACTICA Leonis Viridis.
S. (G. A.).
See SALLWIGT (GREGORIUS ANGLUS).
S. (G. M. B. D.).
See RADIX CHIMI/E, 1680
3io S. (J.)— SABOR
s. (J.).
Natur-gemafser Beweifs von Gold u. Silber, als der hochste Zweck aller Menschen,
sonderlich der Chimicorum, Wie solches von Gott in die Natur, von Menschen
insgemein auf allerhand Art und Weise, Von Chimicis aber durch Kunst
erlanget wird, durch 80. meist unterirrdischen Subjecten, entworffen von J. S.
Verlegts zu Franckfurth und Leipzig, An. 1723.
8°. Pp. [1-9] 10-102 [14].
S. (J. G.).
See SCHMID (j. G.).
S. (J. R.) M.C.
See VAUGHAN (THOMAS), Lumen de Lumine, 1693.
S. (L. C).
See HERMAPHRODITISCHES Sonn- und Monds-Kind, 1752.
S. (L. C. P.) g. v. S.
See MAROT (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT), Comte de La Garaye.
S. R., i.e. Sincerus Renatus.
See RICHTER (SAMUEL).
S. (T.), i.e. Sherley (Thomas).
See ELSHOLT (JOHANN SIGISMUND), The Curious Distillatory, 1677.
S. (T. P. G. L. M.).
See ERBINAUS VON BRANDAU (MATTHAUS).
SABOR (CHRYSOSTOMUS FERDINANDUS VON).
Chrysostomi Ferdinandi von Sabor, Practica Naturae Vera, oder Sonnenklare
Beschreibung derer Natur-Geheimnifse, bestehend in wahrer Preparation des
Lapidis Universalis ; Samt einem kurtzem Anhang vom Antimonio und
dessen sonderbaren Krafften. Getruckt auf Kosten der Rosencreutzer-
Briiderschafft, 1721.
8°. Pp. [8, including the frontispiece] 39 f r blank].
[Another Copy.]
Chrysostomi Ferdinandi von Sabor, Practica Naturae Vera, oder Sonnenklare
Beschreibung derer Natur-Geheimnifse, bestehend in wahrer Praeparation
des Lapidis Universalis, Samt einem kurtzem Anhang vom Antimonio und
dessen sonderbaren Krafften. Gedruckt 1735.
8°. Pp. [8, frontispiece included] 30.
SABOR— SACHS VON LEWENHEIMB
3"
SABOR (CHRYSOSTOMUS FERDINANDUS VON). Continued.
Of this book Kloss quotes the present editions of
1721 and 1735, and adds that there are several
others. I have not seen these referred to anywhere,
and I am doubtful about their existence.
Lenglet Dufresnoy catalogues the book under
the name of Christoph Ferdinand von Sabor, and
mentions the 1721 edition only.
There is much uncertainty regarding the author,
but there seems to be a general agreement that
Sabor is a pseudonym, although there are different
opinions as to his real name.
Fictuld, who spells it Sapor, instead of Sabor,
identifies him with Christian Friedrich von Stein-
bergen (y.v.). But in the Missiv the author is said
to be properly called Christian Friedrich Sendimir
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hennetique, 1742, iii. p. 292.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 134.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 136.
Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des
Ordensdes Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, p. 108.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 660.
von Siebenstern, and this name is accepted by the
author of the Beytrag, by Schmieder, by Kloss, and
by Kopp. The question then arises if Steinbergen
and Sendimir von Siebenstern be the same person,
and the author of the works which will be found
under Steinbergen 's name below.
Of Sabor, it is said in the Missiv, that he wrote
a great deal ; whether the works ascribed to Stein-
bergen are those meant here, it is impossible to
say, but the book quoted by Schmieder, which, he
affirms, appeared under his own name of Sendimir
von Siebenstern, and has the title : Helles Licht
und gerader Weg zu den Naturgeheinrmissen,
Frankfurt und Leipzig, 1723, 4°, is certainly not
one of them.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 323.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 517.
Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844, p.
196, No. 2636.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1382, note. (There is no copy
of the present work in this catalogue. )
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 348, 388.
SACHS VON LEWENHEIMB (PHILIP JACOB).
Aurum Chymicum.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 192.
Philipp Sachs of the noble family of Lowen-
heim, or Loewenheimb, or Lewenheim, or Lewen-
heimb, or Leuuenheimb, or Lewenhaimb, or
Leivenheimb, was born at Breslau, 26 August,
1627. Having done his schooling there effici-
ently, he went to Leipzig where he studied under
Dr. Michaelis, and at the end of his arts and
philosophy course graduated Phil. Magister in 1648.
Having fixed on medicine for his profession,
he endeavoured to acquire an adequate know-
ledge of it by studying under the best teachers of
the time, and to this end he attended courses not
only in Leipzig, but in some of the Dutch Univer-
sities and in Strasburg, Paris, Montpellier and
Padua, where he finally obtained the degree of
Doctor of Medicine, 27 March, 1651.
He returned to Breslau, 6 May, and soon distin-
guished himself in practice, married in 1653, and
was elected a member of the Academia Naturae
Curiosorum in 1658, with the name Phosphorus I.
For this society he made great exertions, and not
only himself contributed observations to its Proceed-
ings but, by carrying on a correspondence with the
most learned physicians of Europe, and ultimately
in 1666 by becoming editor of the ' Ephemerides,' he
endeavoured to keep Breslau and the Society pro-
minently before the learned and scientific world.
Mercklin, l.indenius renovatus, 1686, p. 914.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 1410.
Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. Ffff 2
verso; 7 Jan., 1672.
Memoria Sachsiana, Imperiali Natures Curios-
orum Societati ac Posteris commendata : Kilice
Holsatorum a I. D. M. D., Lipsiae, Sumptibus
Joh. Fried. Gleditschii, M.DC.LXXXX., 4°, pp.
76 [4]. This is a reprint of Joh. Daniel Major's
elaborate Elogium from the Miscellanea Curios.
Decur. I. Ann. iv. & v.
Papadopolus, Historia Gymnasii Patavini , 1726,
ii. p. 313, No. ccli.
Through his influence there was obtained
for the Society, 5 Aug., 1677, the Imperial patron-
age of Leopold I., and in 1687 the full title of
the Imperial Leopoldine Academy was conferred
upon it, along with a number of privileges. To
the post of Stadt-physikus of Breslau Sachs was
advanced in 1670, but he enjoyed this position for
a short time only, as his death took place on 7
Jan., 1672 (1671), at the early age of 44 years.
He was a man of great erudition, and he wrote
the following :
Ampelographia, sive vitis viniferae ejusque par-
tium Consideratio physico-philologico-historico-
medicp-chymica, Leipzig, 1661, 8°; about the vine
and wine.
Responsoria dissertatio de miranda lapidum
natura (printed along with Joh. Dan. Major's ' Dis-
sertatio . . . de Cancris . . . petrefactis,' Jenae,
1664, 8°, pp. no [i, 3 blank]).
Oceanus macro-microcosmicus, seu dissertatio
epistolica de analogo motu aquarum ex et ad
Oceanum, sanguinis exetad Cor, Breslau, 1664, 8°.
(The analogy between the tides, and the flow of
blood in man.)
Gammarologia, id est, gammarorum sive Can-
crorum consideratio, Leipzig, 1665, 8°.
Niceron, Memoires, 1727, ii. p. 336.
Johannes Sinapius, Schlesischer Curiosiiaten,
Leipzig und Brefslau, 1728, ii. p. 943, col. a.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. pp. 120-146 (reprint of the Elogium by
Joh. Dan. Major; reviews of his works).
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 891, 892.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicee,
1732, pp. 91, 123 (list of papers in the Miscellanea
of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 736-
312
SACHS VON LEWENHEIMB—SAGE
SACHS VON LEWENHEIMB (PHILIP JACOB). Continued,
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermiftique, 1742, iii. p. 62.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 268.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751. pp. 65, 195, 317, 518, &c.
jocher, Allgemeines Gelekrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 16.
Biichner, Academiae . . . Leopoldino-Carolinae
Naturae Curiosorum Historia, 1755, P- 4^4i No.
17, & passim, see the Index.
Portal, Histoire de I 'Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 651.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 512.
Moehsen, Verseichnis von einer Samlung von
Bildnissen, 1771, ii. Catalogus, p. 116 (notes of
portraits of Sachs).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomicat 1774, i. pp. 430,
581.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 372.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Midecine,
1778, iv. p. 147.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii.
p. 107 (list of his books and papers).
Beytrag zur Geschichte der h'dhern Chemie, 1785,
p. 623.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 24,
207, 215.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentation-urn, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Res Metallica), p. 146.
Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire
Historique, 1804, xi. p. 12.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 170.
Biographic Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (iSao-
25), vii. p. 85.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, ir.
p. 102.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 418.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
ivorterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 731.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1388.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mldi-
cales, 3enie SeYie, 1878, vi. p. 36.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v.
P- 139-
J. Graetzer, Lebensbilder hervorragender schles-
ischer Aerzte aus den letzten vier Jahrhunderten,
Breslau, 1889, pp. 60-61.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1890, xxx. p.
142 (by Markgraf ).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 428.
SAGE (BALTHASAR-GEORGES).
Mdmoires de Chimie. Par. M. Sage. A Paris, de I'lmprimerie Royale.
M.DCCLXXIII.
8°. Pp. vij [i blank] 262, xxxviij [i, i blank]. Engraved folding plate.
Von verschiedenen Arten die metallischen Korper zu verkalken, von den
Farben ihrer Glaser, und von denjenigen, die man durch metallische Kalke
im weissen durchsichtigen Glase hervorbringen kann.
See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 195.
Balthasar-Georges Sage was born at Paris, 7
March, 1740. His father, who was an apothecary
and not rich, gave him and his brother an excellent
education at the College des Quatre Nations. At
the age of 13 Balthasar had finished his arts course
and then attended the lectures on physics and
chemistry by the Abb6 Nollet and Rouelle, and
repeated the experiments in a little laboratory
which he had fitted up for himself, but he nearly
put an end to his career at the age of 17, by in-
cautiously inhaling the fumes of corrosive sublimate.
The result of his study and experimenting was such
that, by the time he was nineteen, he was able to
start a free public lecture on mineralogy and
chemical analysis. His success and energy attracted
some rich patrons, who feeling confidence in his
future advanced him 30,000 francs to establish a
mineralogical collection and to furnish a laboratory.
When he was only 21 he sent a communication
to the Academy of Sciences, and in 1768 was
elected successor to Rouelle, when he was 28.
In 1778 he established a chair of mineralogy at
the Mint, and space was allotted to him for a
great mineralogical museum. To this museum he
devoted much attention and care, and it grew to a
great extent. Rom6 de 1'Isle and Chaptal were
trained there, but Sage entertained a greater
scheme for the education of mining engineers,
and at last, as the result of a memoir by him,
the Ecole des Mines was established in 1783 by
Louis XVI. and the Minister Calonne, who made
him Director.
During the Revolution, though he sided with the
King, he did not share the fate of Lavoisier, but
only underwent a short imprisonment. ' On
his return to life,' as he himself calls it, he found
that he had lost his place in the Ecole des Mines
and was deprived of his emoluments. He was re-
instated in the museum at the Mint and continued
to give his lectures. He had been left out of the
Institute at its reorganization, and about this time
published on a single leaf his claims upon the vacant
place in it. These were : the works he had published
between 1769 and 1785, 60 memoirs in all ; the
foundation of the Ecole des Mines, of which he was
Director for ten years ; the creation of a chair of
chemistiy at Montpellier in favour of his pupil,
Chaptal ; for forty years himself professor of chem-
istry and mineralogy ; formation at his own expense
of a mineralogical museum which had become
national ; imprisonment in 1793 for eighty-seven
days, at the end of which he found his department
had been reorganized without him, and he him-
self deprived of his position and emoluments.
He had, therefore, sold his library and other pro-
perty, had gone to a village fifty leagues from Paris
SA GE—SA IGNIER
3*3
SAGE (BALTHASAR-GEORGES). Continued.
and came every year to give his lectures, and though
a member of the old Academy of Sciences, he had
been left put of the Institute.
When in 1801 he was called to it in succession
to Darcet, it was more in remembrance of his
former services than for his attitude towards con-
temporary science.
In 1805 he lost his eyesight and in 1813 he pub-
lished a list of his principal discoveries. In 1817
he received the cordon of the Order of St. Michael.
In 1822 he had another misfortune, for in that
year he broke one of his thighs. He died on 9
Sept., 1824, aged 84.
Sage was the author of a large number of books
and papers on assaying and analysis, of catalogues
of various collections of specimens and works of
art, of experiments on distilled water, common
salt, electricity, galvanism, and various branches
of natural history.
Though living at the time of Lavoisier's dis-
coveries, he became an uncompromising opponent
of them, instead of trying to ascertain their truth,
and in this way he put a stop to his scientific career.
Even in 1810, long after the discussion was con-
cluded, he wrote a pamphlet which contains a
curious attack on the new nomenclature, approval
of the views of Meyer of Osnabriick, and shows the
author to have been an out-and-out phlogistian.
Its title is : Expose" des effets de la Contagion
nomenclative, et refutation de Paradoxes qui d£na-
turent la Physique, Paris, 1810, 8°, pp. 56. A
similar adverse criticism of Lavoisier's discoveries
and theories is contained in his autobiography,
published in 1818. By that time Sage was an old
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 71.
Expose des Titres de B. G. Sage, Pensionnaire de
la ci-devant Acadtmie des sciences, sollicitant la
place de Chymie, vacante a I'Institut national,
small 4°, i leaf (no date, about 1794?).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 537-
539; 1799, iii. pp. 442, 615, 616, 683, &c., &c.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(Chtmia et Res Metallica), pp. 25, 61, 65, 74, 79,
84, 86, 87, 88, 103, 107, no, m, 123, 126, 141,
»53. 159. 165, 175, 204, 205.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 374, 378, 425, 432, 448, 459, 461, 462,
475, 482, 483, 520, 556.
Expose ' sommaire des pnncipales dtcouvertes faites
dans tespace de cinquante-quatre anntes, par B, G.
Sage, Fondateur et Directeur de la premiere tecole
des Mines, Membre de la premiere Classe de flnsti-
tut Imperial, Paris, 1813, 8° pp. 38.
B. G. Sage, Tableau compart de la conduite
qu'ont tenue envers moi les ministres de I'ancien
regime avec celle des ministres du nouveau regime,
Paris, 1814, 8°, pp. 80 (contains interesting personal
and historical notes, and he shows himself a con-
firmed opponent of the new chemistry).
blind man, but he was in the full use of all his
powers when Lavoisier was working.
The consequence of this conservatism was that
his lectures were deserted and his books were un-
read. The same thing happened with his courses
on mineralogy, for that science too, like chemistry,
had advanced, but Hatty's system was as uncon-
genial to him as was Lavoisier's, and doubtless it
was this stagnation which caused him to be passed
over for different posts, and which led to his
various, not unpathetic appeals. People called
him le Fossile.
Still, as has been said, in spite of certain defects
of scientific character, which were due rather to
exaggerations of a good quality than to a positively
bad one, he must get credit for much excellent
work. He made chemistry, hitherto neglected, not
only popular but of importance for industry ; he
improved the art of extracting metals from their
ores, and he was the first person to introduce into
France systematic assaying and analysis. To him
also is due the foundation of the Ecole des Mines
and the Museum of Mineralogy.
In addition to the offices above mentioned, Sage,
who was a physician, was chief apothecary to the
H6tel des Invalides and Royal Inspector of Phar-
macists, and he was a member of the Academy of
Sciences of Stockholm and of several others.
A portrait of Sage, painted by F. G. Colson,
and engraved by J. Beauvarlet, is prefixed to his
Analyse des BUs, Paris, 1776, and another, painted
and engraved by A. de Marcenay, is before his
Clemens de Mineralogie Docimastique, seconde
edition, Paris, 1777, Tome Premier.
Notice autobiographique, Paris, 1818. (I hare
not seen this. )
Bibliographie de la France, 1824, pp. 645-646,
676-677.
Alphonse Jacques Mahul, Annuaire nicrologique,
ou compliment annuel et continuation de toutes les
Biographies ou Dictionnaires Historiques. Annie
1824, Paris, Decerabre, 1825, pp. 272-278 (account
of his life, and list of 67 papers).
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, y.
p. 61.
QueYard, La France littiraire, 1836, viii. p. 306.
Biographie Univenelle, Supplement, 1847, Ixxx.
p. 269 (article by Michaud jeune) ; no date, xxxvii.
p. 230.
Nouvelle Biographie Gfnirale, 1863, xlii. col.
1010.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
wiirterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 732. (Poggendorff puts
his birth-day in May, but under one of the portraits
March is the month given.)
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi-
cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1878, vi. p. 109.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 438.
SAIGNIER (JEAN).
Magni Lapidis Naturalis Philosophia & vera are per loannem Saignier Lute-
tianum in opus deducta & filio suo Carolo loco inaestimabilis thesauri
testamento relicta, & in agone mortis propria manu subsignata. Parisiis
Anno Domini 1632. Die 7. Maij. Bremae Typis & sumptibus lacobi
Koehleri Anno MDCLXIV.
4°. Pp- [1-2] W 3-5*.
314 SAIGNIER—SALA
SAIGNIER (JEAN). Continued.
Jocher merely quotes the present book as having thing about the author except calling him an
been composed along with others, but he neither alchemist,
mentions any of these others, nor does he say any-
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 675. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Hermltique, 1742, iii. p. 292.
1731, II. ii. p. 146. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrien- Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 33.
SAINT-DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE LIMOJON DE).
See LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE).
SAL ARTIS.
See ELIAS ARTISTA.
Zedler (Universal Lexicon, 1734, viii. col. 824) seems to think that 'SalArtis' is in some way or
other an anagram of Elias Artista. See also Zedler, 1742, xxxiii. col. 663.
SALA (ANGELO).
D. O. M. A. Angeli Salse Vicentini Veneti Chymiatri celeberrimi Chrysologia,
seu Examen Auri Chymicum In quo demonstratur, auro nee inesse sub-
stantiam aliquam potabilem : nee illud arte spagyrica transmutari posse in
substantiam aquosam, oleosam vel salinam; & quid proprie intelligatur per
aurum potabile. Adjecti sunt in fine ejusdem Aphorismi Chymiatrici
recogniti. Hamburgi, impensis Henr. Carstens, Anno M.DC.XXII.
8°. Sigs. A-C4, D-K4 in eights, or pp. [40, 104]; K5-Q8, or pp. 103 [i blank].
The printed title is within an engraved border.
Haller (Bibl. Med. Pract., ii. p. 407) quotes : Synopsis Aphorismorum chymiatricorum, Brem.
1620, 8°.
D. O. M. A. Angeli Salae Vicentini Veneti Chymiatri Candidissimi, Essentiarum
Vegetabilium Anatome. Darinnen von den furtrefflichsten Nutzbarkeiten
der Vegetabilischen Essentzen in der Artzney : wie man dieselbige aufs
allerley Krautern, Blume, Friichten, VVurtzeln, Rinden, vnd Holtzern
extrahieren soil ; Vnd von andern niitzlichen, zu dieser matery gehorigen
Stiicken gelehret vnnd gehandelt wird.
Sycophantarum venenatos morsus
Virtus cum perseverantia curat.
Rostock, Gedruckt bey Job: Richels Erben, in Verlegung Johan Hallervords,
Anno M.DC.XXX.
8°. Pp. [24] 255 [4 blank].
Haller (Bibl. Bot., i. p. 416) quotes an edition 1635, 8°.
D. O. M. A. Angeli Salae Vicentini Veneti Chymiatri Candidissimi, Hydrelaeo-
logia, darinnen, wie man allerley Wasser, Oliteten, vnd brennende Spiritus der
Vegetabilischen Dingen, durch gewisse Chymische Regeln, vnd manualia,
in jhren besten Krafften distillieren vnd rectificiren soil; Als auch von
ihren Nutzbarkeiten, griindlich tractirt vnd gehandelt wird, Neben einem
SALA 315
SALA (ANGELO). Continued.
gewissen Vnterricht, wie allerley Art stattliche, vnd niitzliche Aquaviten
zubereiten seyn. Rostock, Druckts Jochim Fuefs, In verlegung Johann
Hallerfords, Buchhandlers daselbsten Jm Jahr 1633.
8°. No pagination. Sigs. a4, A-T in eights, V4, or ff. [160],
Haller (Bibl. Bot. , i. p. 416) says 4°.
Processus Angeli Salae, Chymici illius & Philosophi Spagyrici celeberrimi, De
Auro Potabili, novo paucisque adhuc cognito: Cui quidam alii ex Basilii
Valentini, losephi Quercetani, Portae, & aliorum scriptis excerpti, cum
commentariolis propter affinitatem ut adjungerentur, non in, consultum (sic)
visum fuit. Argentorati, sumptibus Johannis-Philippi Sartorii, Bibliopolae,
M.DCXXXI.
8°. Sigs. A-D4 in eights, of which D4 is blank ; or pp. [54, 2 blank].
There seems to have been an edition dated 1630.
D. O. M. A. Angeli Salae Vicentini Veneti Chymiatri Candidissimi, Tartarologia.
Das ist : Von der Natur vnd Eigenschafft des Weinsteins ; Welcher gestalt
aufs demselben vnderschiedliche hochbewehrte Medicamentem zu bereiten;
Wie aufs alien Vegetabilien jhre Tartara abzusondern ; Ihre Saltzen aufs-
zuziehen, zu granuliren, vnd rectificieren, Wie auch aufs einem jeglichen
Saltz ein durchtringender sawrer Spiritus zu wege zu bringen sey. Darneben
wird auch von solcher Dingen besonderm Nutzen griindlich tractiert vnd
gelehret. Rostock, Gedruckt bey Johan Richels Erbe, in vorlegung
Job: Hallervords, Buchh. 1632.
8°. Pp. [12] [2] ii2. Sheet G is wrong imposed. After the dedication is another
title-page dated 1631.
Haller (Bibl. Bot. , i. p. 416) says 1632, 1636, 4°.
Some Principall Preparations.
See COLSON (LANCELOT), Philosophia Maturata, 1668, p. 93.
The accounts given of Angelo or Angiolo Sala The Duke took a lively interest in Sala's chemico-
are somewhat vague. He was descended from an pharmaceutical operations, and not only was able
ancient and noble family, and is called a native of to make many important preparations but even to
Vicenza, where he was born probably between prescribe them in an emergency.
1570-1580. According to one account he began After the death of the Duke on 23 April, 1636,
practice at Dresden in 1602, according to another Sala was retained by the hereditary prince Gustav
he left bis country because of his religious opinions Adolph, and went with him to Butzow. Here Sala
and went to Switzerland in 1609, where he practised died 2 October, 1637, but his body was buried in
at Winterthur or at Zurich. From what he himself the Cathedral at Gustrow, on the igth of the same
says he was next in Holland at the Hague from month.
1613 to 1617, and was private physician to the His son, Johann Christian, was ennobled in
Count of Oldenburg. From 1620 to 1625 he was 1640, and his great grandson, Baron Gert von Sala,
living at Hamburg, and in the latter year was ap- was made a count of the Holy Roman Empire in
pointed physician of the Duke of Mecklenburg at 1751. The family became extinct with Johann
Gustrow. After three years' residence there, he Christian, Count von Sala, who died at Neu-Strelitz,
accompanied the Duke, who had been expelled by 30 May, 1806.
Wallenstein, first to Bernburg in June, 1628, to He was an able physician and an excellent chem-
Harzgerode in Anhalt from December, 1628, to ist, an admirer and to some extent a follower of
July, 1629, and to Liibeck, August, 1629, to July, Paracelsus, an advocate of chemical remedies, an
1630, returning to Glistrow in the summer of 1630. opponent of quackery, and he was able to judge
In 1628, along with the Duke, he had been made fairly the merits both of the chemical and Galenic
a member of the ' Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft ' systems of medicine then in conflict,
which had been formed at Weimar on 24 August, Conring calls him the first of the chemists who
1617, with the aim of purifying the language from was free from trifling ; Haller repeats his dictum :
foreign words. Primus chemicorum qui desiit ineptire ; Boerhaave
SALA
SALA (ANGELO). Continued.
speaks of him as exact in the selection, prepara-
tion and description of his medicaments, and
he commends him for the clearness with which
he taught how to treat regetables, animals and
minerals for the remedies they might yield. He
has been praised by competent judges for his know-
ledge and skill, his powers of observation and
reasoning, his good sense and freedom from many
of the unfounded opinions of his time. He ridi-
culed both transmutation and the universal medi-
cine; objected to the name of oil being given to
tartar, which had deliquesced ; observed that metals
have different affinities for acids, that sulphur took
something from the air in order to burn, and
described new substances and modes of preparation.
Lists of his works are given by most of the
authorities. In addition to the above the titles of
the following may be included ; I cannot guarantee
the existence of editions except those in the British
Museum and Billings' Catalogue, and those to
which collations are appended.
Tractatus duo : de variis turn Chymicorum, turn
Galenistarum erroribus, in prseparatione medicinali
commissis, Francof., 1602 (?), 1608, 1649 (written
in Italian, but translated into Latin by M. A. R.),
4", pp. 64 [3, i blank]. This is appended to his
collected works, 1647, 1650.
Anatomia Vitrioli, Aurel. Allobr. , 1609, 12°,
1613, 12°, pp. [15, i blank] 1-34 [14] 35-75 [3 blank] ;
Lugd. Bat., 1613, 8°; 1617. Editio Tertia, 8°, pp.
[8] 107 [i blank] (from the Italian).
Septem planetarum terrestrium spagyricarecensio,
Amst., 1611, 1614, 12°.
Ternarius emeticorum, seu Emetologia, Delph.,
1613. 8°.
Opiologie, La Haye, 1614, 8° ; English, 1618, 4°.
Ternarius Bezoardicorum, Lugd. Bat., 1616;
Erfurt., 1628, 8°; 1630, 8°; 1638, 8°; Mercklin
quotes Erfurti 1628 and 1630, 8°.
Ternarius Bezoarticorum ou trois Souverains
Medicaments Bezoardiques . . ., Leyden, 1616, 4°,
pp. [28] 91 £1], with an engraved title-page. The
Dedication is signed La Haye, 20 Nov., 1615.
Anatomia antimonii, Lugd. Bat., 1617, 8°, pp.
M 145 [?l
De Peste tractatus, Marpurgi, 1617, 4° (trans-
lated by Greg. Horstius), 1641, 4°; Norib., 1660,
fol., Goudae, 1661, 4°.
Trait6 de la Peste, Leyde, 1617, 8°.
Ternarius Bezoardicorum & Hemetologia seu
Triumphus Vomitoriorum, . . . cum Exegesi
Chymiatrica, Andreas Tentzelii, Francof., 1618, 8°;
1636, 4° ; Erfurti, 1618, 8°, pp. [54, 2 blank] 278
[2 blank]; exegesis, pp. [6] 122 (woodcuts). This
last edition is mentioned also by Haller, Bibl. Med.
Pracl., ii. p. 406.
Aphorismorum chymiatricorum synopsis, Bremae,
1620, 8°.
Descriptio brevis Antidoti pretiosae, Marpurgi,
1620, 8° ; Francof. , 1649, 8°.
Grundliche Erklarung von etlichen kraftigen
und hochbewahrten spagyrischen Medicamenten,
Wandsb., 1624.
De natura, proprietatibus et usu spiritus Vitrioli
fundamentalis dissertatio, Hamb., 1625.
Essentiarum vegetabilium anatome, Rostock,
1630, 8°.
Processus de Auro potabili novo, paucisque ad-
huc cognito, Argent., 1630, 1631, 8°.
Ternarius Laudanorum, seu Opiologia, Erfurt.,
1630, 8°. The French, Opiologie, La Haye, 1614,
8° ; and in English, 1618, 8°, as above.
Spagyrische Schatzkammer, Giistrow, 1634.
Saccharologia, Rostock, 1637, 8° (German and
Latin).
Opera medico-chymica . . . omnia, Francofurti,
1680 ; 1682 (Haller) ; 1712, 4° ; Francof., Beyer,
1647, 4°, pp. [8, including the engraved and printed
title-pages], 856, [24] ; Tractatus duo, 1649, pp.
64 [3, i blank]. Rothomagi (Haller says ' Rom ' !),
1650, 4°, pp. [8, including the engraved and printed
title-pages] 749 (misprinted 449), [13]; Tractatus
duo, pp. 50 [2, 2 blank].
Myrothecium spagiricum.
Appendix de pulvere Rosae vitae.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, P- 34-
Der Fruchtbringenden Gesellschaft Nahmen, Vor-
haben, Gemahlde und Worter, Franckfurt a. M.,
1646.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 205, 255.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 57-59.
Conring, In universam Artem Medicam . . . In-
troductio, 1687, p. 135 (Add. iii. 37. 3) ; p. 288
(Add. ix. 4. 2) ; p. 370 (Int. xi. 6).
Fridericus Thomas, Analecta Giistroviensia, h.
e. de inclyta Meclenburgensium Civitate GUstrovia,
Gtistroviae & Lipsiae, 1706, Catalogus biographicus
personaruni .... p. 157.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. pp. 146-147.
Stolle, Anlritung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gtlahrheit, 1731, pp. 776, 778-779.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce,
1732, p. 123.
Kestner, Afedicinisches Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1740,
P- 736.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
HernUtique, 1742, i. p. 476 ; iii. pp. 292-293.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 635.
Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. pp. 747-751.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, i. p. 149 (commended) ; p. 1031 (primus inter
Chemicos desiitineptireConringiojudice) ; p. 1032.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 41 (from Moller and Kestner).
Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Historic Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 419.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 416.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1777, ii.
p. 406.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
1778, iv. p. 159.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. ii.
Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 586.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 103.
Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Jtaliana,
1812, VIII. i. p. 303.
Aikin, General Biography, 1813, viii. p. 692.
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 86.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
p. 281.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p.
355-
G. C. F. Lisch, Jahrbiicher des Vereinsfur mek-
lenburgische Geschichte und Alterthumskunde,
Schwerin, 1837, Zweiter Jahrgang, p. 191 (enrolled
in 1628 a member of the Fruchtbringende Gesell-
schaft under the name ' Der Lindernde').
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 216-
222 ; 1869, ii. pp. 208-214.
SALA—SALLWIGT 31?
SALA (ANGELO). Continued.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 115, when he was at Hamburg: Chrysologia, 1622,8°;
&c., &c. Griindliche Erklarung von etlichen . . . Spagy-
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 289. rischen Medicamenten, Wandsbeck, 1624, 4° ; De
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, i. natura . . . spiritus Vitrioli fundamentalis disser-
p. 460. tatio, Hamburg!, 1625, 4°, dedicated to the Senate
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, at Hamburg).
1855, p. 473. Diclionnaire Encycloptdiqve des Sciences Mfdi-
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- cales, seme SeYie, 1878, vi. p. 254.
worterbuch, 1863, ii. p. 738. A. Blanck, Angelas Sala, sein Leben und seine
Nouvelle Biographic Gtnerale, 1864, xliii. col. Werke, Schwerin, 1883, 8°, pp. 15, with a portrait.
162. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 48 ; ii. p. 334.
Gernet, Mittheilungen aus derdlteren Medicinal- Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
geschichte Hamburg's, Hamburg, 1869, p. 177. den Aertte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 150.
Hans Schroder & C. R. W. Klose, Lexikon der Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1890, xxx. p.
hatnburgischen Schriftsteller bis zur Gegenwart, 194 (article by Krause, and references).
1873, vi. p. 436 (No. 3346), (list of Sala's works Billings, Index- Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 466.
SALE (DE) ALKALI.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 179.
SALLWIGT (GREGORIUS ANGLUS).
•"^•T Opus Mago-Cabalisticum et Theologicum. Vom Uhrsprung und Erzeu-
gung des Saltzes, dessen Natur und Eigenschafft, wie auch dessen Nutz
und Gebrauch. Da denn zugleich die Erzeugung aller Metallen und
Mineralien, und aller andern Salien aus dem Grunde der Natur bewiesen
wird; Auch viel Theosophica, nach Gelegenheit der Materien, mit unter-
gemischt werden. Defsgleichen auch weitlaufftig discuriret wird von
denen uns unsichtbaren Creaturen, in denen uns sichtbahren und greifflichen
Elementen, wie auch von dem Paradiese und dessen Loco, welches alles
vorgestellet wird durch das Systema Magicum Universi ; dadurch der Wahr-
heit-liebende zu den allerhochsten und heiligsten Geheimniissen geleitet und
gefuhret wird. Alles auffgesetzt und zusammen getragen von einem embsigen
Liebhaber der ewigen Wahrheit, dessen Nahmen Gregorius Anglus Sallwigt
iiberkommen Anno MDCCVIII. Und Franckfurth am Mayn gedruckt
bey Anton Heinscheidt, 1719.
Folio. Pp. [8] 80. 10 symbolic plates, 9 coloured.
JTjrP Tractatus Mago-Cabbalistico-Chymicus et Theosophicus, von des Saltzes
Uhrsprung und Erzeugung, Natur und Nutzen, wobey zugleich die Erzeugung
derer Metallen, Mineralien und anderer Salien, aus dem Grunde der Natur
bewiesen wird. In einer durchgangigen Geistigen Deutung von dem Uhr-
sprung aller Wesen : von denen uns unsichtbaren Creaturen in denen uns
sichtbaren und greifflichen Elementen : von dem Ort des Paradieses : von
der Schopffung und Erhaltung der sichtbaren Welt: von der zukiinfftigen
Verwandelung zur ewigen Vereinigung mit Gott. Alles, nach einem Systemate
Magico Universi, nebst andern in Kupffer gestochenen Problematibus, denen
Wahrheit-liebenden, zur Einleitung in die Allerheiligste Gottliche Geheimnisse,
sammt vollstandigen Register, aufgesetzet, von einem Emsigen Liebhaber der
Ewigen Wahrheit, G. A. S. Saltzburg, M DCCXXIX.
4°. Pp. [6] 161. Index [21] [a blank]. 10 symbolic plates, 9 coloured.
3*8 SALLWIGT— SALMON
SALLWIGT (GREGORIUS ANGLUS). Continued.
[Another Copy.]
10 plates, uncoloured.
This is the second part of Welling's Opus mago- are explained : 'Gregorius Anglus-Sallwight. ' In
cabbalisticum (q.v.), which did not appear till 1735. any case they are treated as pseudonymous for
The 1719 edition of Sallwigt's book is that quoted Georg von Welling, which is probably correct,
by Kopp. He mentions the 1729 edition also, but, It is not surprising, therefore, that no notice has
as he had not seen it, he did not know whether or been taken of a fictitious personage in the usual
not the two were identical. There is no doubt sources of information,
about that. The present work was also included in the
Under the entry 'S., G. A. 'in the British Museum ' Viridarium reformatum,' Francof. a. M., 1719,
Catalogue, these initials are translated ' Georgio fol. , by Michael Bernhard Valentini.
Anglo Sallwigt,' but under 'Sallwight' (sic) they
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce, Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 240.
1732, p. 122. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 487.
SALMON (WILLIAM).
See RIPLEY (GEORGE), Chymische Schrifften, 1756.
See DICTIONNAIRE HERMETIQUE, 1695.
[Medicina Practica, with the Clavis Alchymiae. London, 1692.]
8°. Pp. [28] 696 (for 736, because pp. 433-472 are duplicated). This copy wants
pp. 321-22, the chief title-page (for which that to the second book is substituted), the
subsidiary title-page to the third book, and all the illustrations but one, which belongs
to Flamel's treatise.
The full title of this book runs thus :
Medicina Practica : or, Practical Physick. Shewing the Method of Curing the
most Usual Diseases happening to Humane Bodies. As all Sorts of Aches and Pains,
Apoplexies, Agues, Bleeding, Fluxes, Gripings, Wind, Shortness of Breath, Diseases of
the Brest and Lungs, Abortion, Want of Appetite, Loss of the use of Limbs, Cholick,
or Belly-ach, Apostems, Thrushes, Quinsies, Deafness, Bubo's, Cachexia, Stone in the
Reins, and Stone in the Bladder : with the Preparation of the Praecipiolum, or Univer-
sal Medicine of Paracelsus.
To which is Added, The Philosophick Works of
Hermes Trismegistus, 1 I Nicholas Flammel,
Kalid Persicus, | Roger Bacon,
Geber Arabs, j ~\ And
Artefius Longaevus, J ^George Ripley.
All Translated out of the best Latin Editions, into English ; and Carefully Claused,
or divided into Chapters, and Sections, for the more Pleasant Reading, and Easier
Understanding of those Authors.
Together with a singular Comment upon the First Book of Hermes, the most
Ancient of Philosophers.
The whole Compleated in Three Books.
By William Salmon, Professor of Physick. Living at the Blue-Ball by the
Ditchside, near Holborn-Bridge.
London, Printed by W. Bonny, for Tho. Howkins in George- Yard in Lombard-
street, and John Harris at the Harrow in the Poultrey, 1692.
The contents are as follows : Roger Bachon, Radix Mundi, pp. 585-620.
The preface contains a short account of each of Roger Bachon, Speculum Alchimiae, pp. 621-642.
the alchemical authors contained in the book, and George Ripley, The Marrow of Alchymie, pp.
this is followed by a list of Salmon's own writings, 643-696.
published and unpublished. The remainder copies were reissued with a new
Practical Physick, pp. 176. title-page :
The second book has a title, dated 1691, and Medicina Practica : or, the Practical Physician:
another, dated, 1692, p. 177, and contains : Shewing the True Method of Curing the most
Hermes Trismegistus : The Golden Work, pp. Usual Diseases Incident to Humane Bodies, viz. :
179-283, including the ' Smaragdine Table,' p. 258. All Sorts of Aches and Pains, . . . To which is
Kalid, Secreta Alchymiae, pp. 284-334. added the Chymical Works of Hermes Trisme-
Geber, The Sum, pp. 335-472, with four plates of gistus, . . . And an Account of their Lives. . . .
apparatus. By William Salmon, M.P. (sic) . . . London
The third book has a title, dated 1692, p. 473, Printed and Sold by Edmund Curll at the Peacock
and contains : without Temple-Bar, 1707. Price $s.
Artefius Longrevus, Liber Secretus, pp. 433-520 In this reissue the title-pages of Books II. and
(sic/or 475, &c.), in Latin and English. III. have been cancelled.
Nicholas Flammel, The Hieroglyphicks, pp. 521-
584, with four plates.
SALMON (WILLIAM). Continued.
Pharmacopoeia Londinensis. Or, the New London Dispensatory. In VI.
Books. Translated into English for the Publick Good, and Fitted to the
whole Art of Healing. Illustrated with the Preparations, Virtues and Uses
of all Simple Medicaments, Vegetable, Animal and Mineral, Of all the
Compounds both Internal and External : and of all the Chymical Prepara-
tions now in Use. Together with some choice Medicines added by the
Author. As also the Praxis of Chymistry, as it's now Exercised, fitted to
meanest Capacity. The Fifth Edition, corrected and amended. By William
Salmon, Professor of Physick : At the Blew Ball by the Ditch-side
nigh Holbourn-Bridge. London : Printed by I. Dawks, for T. Bassett,
R. Chiswell, M. Wotton, G. Conyers, and I. Dawks. 1696.
8°. Pp. [16] 896, followed by a sheet containing the Table of Diseases, Mmm,
paged 865-887 (sic, for 877) [2, i blank].
The third edition of this book was printed at
London, for Thomas Dawks, Tho. Passinger, and
Thomas Sawbridge, 1685, pp. [16] 896, followed by
a sheet Mrnm containing the Table of Diseases,
pp. 865-877 [2, i blank]. The fifth edition is,
therefore, merely a reprint, page for page.
Phylaxa Medicina : A Supplement to the London-Dispensatory, and Doron :
Being, A Cabinet of Choice Medicines Collected, and Fitted for Vulgar
Use. By William Salmon, M.D.
The Medicines mentioned in this Book, are to be had ready prepared at
the Author's House at the Blew-Balcony by the Ditch-side near Holborn-
Bridge, London. The Second Edition. London, Printed for Simon
Neale, over against the Duke of Grafton's Head in Grafton-Street, near
Leycester- Fields, 1688.
Pp. [2] ioo.
8°.
William Salmon was born 2 June, 1644, accord-
ing to the portrait in his ' Ars Anatomica,' but that
prefixed to the fifth edition of the Polygraphice,
1685, states that he was in his 27th year in 1675,
which would imply that he was born in 1648.
There is no reliable information as to his early
life and education, or as to how he became a doctor,
whether licensed or unlicensed. He travelled, and
then settled in London, where he engaged in the form
of medical practice common at the time, includ-
ing astrology, preparation of secret remedies and
alchemy. He wrote a great deal on medical topics,
and compiled works on botany, the pharmacopoeia,
and anatomy, medical and chirurgical observations,
and the above collection of alchemists. He took
part also in the controversy about the dispensaries
and wrote a ' Rebuke to the authors of a Blew-
Book ; . . . written in Behalf of the Apothecaries
and Chirurgians of the City of London. London,
1698, 8°, pp. 32.
He resided at various places in London, indica-
tions of which can be gathered from his books.
Thus in 1671 he had his alxxle in Smithfield, near
St. Bartholomew's Hospital, in 1681 his dwelling
was at the Red Balls in Salisbury Court, off Fleet
Street. In 1685 he was ' Professor of Physick,
living at the Blew Balcony by Fleet-Ditch, near
Holborn-Bridge,' or 'at the Blew Balcony by the
Ditch-side near Holbourn-brjdge.' In 1692, the
name of his house seems to have been changed, for
he was then ' living at the Blue-Ball by the Ditch-
side, near Holborn Bridge.' On 24 Oct., 1700, he
dates the eighth edition of the Polygraphice from
his house ' at Black-Fryers Stairs,'and in \kzRebuke
he is ' living near Black-Fryers Stairs.
Some of his books went through a good number
of editions notwithstanding the despite shown him
by some of his contemporaries, as by James
Younge, and one of the most popular was his
Polygraphice, a collection of receipts on the fine
and practical arts, first published in 1672. Of
this book there were numerous editions, of some
of which I have given details elsewhere. The
second edition in four books appeared in 1673, the
fifth in seven books, in 1685, with a badly-executed
portrait signed : W. Sherwin ad vitam sculpt.,' the
eighth, much enlarged, in 1701, with a characteristic
portrait signed : M. v. Gucht. Sculpt.
Salmon died in 1713.
If one may judge by his library Salmon must
have been a man of erudition, and of wide and
liberal tastes ; he must also have been a thorough-
going bibliophile and possessed of means sufficient
to gratify his acquisitiveness.
Part of his library was sold, and from the auction
catalogue of it, one gathers a clear notion of its
contents. It is arranged according to size, and
broadly according to subject, and the catalogue
320
SALMON— SALOMON
SALMON (WILLIAM). Continued.
was drawn up by Thomas Ballard. The title-
page gives the best idea of how the collection
was regarded : Bibliotheca Salmoneana, Pars
Prima. Or, a Catalogue of Part of the Library
of the Learned William Salmon, M.D. Deceas'd.
Consisting of many very Valuable and Uncommon
Books, in several Faculties and Languages.
Chiefly, in Physick, Chirurgery, Chymistry, Divinity,
Philology, History, and other polite parts of Learn-
ing, most of the Classicks, Notis variorum, and
other choice editions, well Bound and very Fair,
several being of the large Paper. Which will be-
gin to be Sold by Auction at St. Paul's Coffee-
House, next Door to Dean's Court the West End
of St. Pauls, on Monday the Sixteenth Day of
November, 1713 ; beginning every Evening at Five
of the clock till the Sale is finished. By Thomas
Ballard, Bookseller, at the Rising Sun in Little-
Britain. Where Catalogues may be had ; as also
of Mr. King in Westminster-Hall . . ., Price One
Shilling. 8*. pp. [6] 119 [i blank].
The preface throws some light on Salmon him-
self : ' The following Catalogue contains Part of
the Library of the Famous Doctor William Salmon,
deceas'd, whose Character and Abilities are suffi-
ciently made known to the World by the great
Number of Elaborate Works set forth by him ; and
indeed our Proprietor's 4>tXo/«i0eta, his Extraordin-
ary Love of Books, and his Singular Judgment in
the Choice of them, are transcendently remarkable,
since he has been for many Years taken up in
making so large a Collection, which apparently is
as valuable, both for Quality, Condition, and Num-
ber of Volumes, especially in Folio, as any that
ever was transported to an Auction-Box, or Sold
sub ictu Mallei ; for here the Ingenious will not
James Younge, Sidrophel Vapulans: or, the
Quack- Astrologer toss'd in a Blanket, by the author
of Medicaster Medicates. In an Epistle to W . . . m
S . . . n. With a Postscript, Reflecting briefly on
his late Scurrilous Libel against the Royal College
of Physicians, Entituled A Rebuke to the Authors of
a Blue Book. By the same Hand, London, 1699,
4", pp. [16] 59 [i blank]. (Salmon seems to have
made some reflections on Younge, and Younge,
retorted with quite as vigorous language as Salmon
used. Curiously enough time has verified certain
of Salmon's views, rather than of Younge's.)
Manget, Bibliotheca Scrip forum Medicorum, 1731 ,
II. ii. pp. 148-149 (reviews of the 'Dispensatory ).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
HernUtique, 1742, iii. p. 44.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, pp. 220, 322, 544, 905.
Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, iv. p. 507.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 99
('errores innumeros habet ').
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 679
(' magnus compilator ').
SALOMON.
Philosophia Salomonis.
See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN).
La Grande Clavicule de Salomon.
See GRAND (LE) GRIMOIRE.
Clavicula Salomonis.
See SAMMLUNG der grofsten Geheimnisse, 1725, p. 13.
only find a Rich Treasure of Books in several
Languages relating to the Noble Art of Physick,
but even a mighty Stock in all other Faculties, that
constitute the respective Branches of Polite Liter-
ature, viz. Theology, Law, Philosophy, Philology,
History, Mathematicks, Classicks, &c., besides
great Variety of curious and uncommon Tracts on
Miscellaneous Subjects, and a very fine Collection
of English Books in the same Faculties ; so that to
say more of this incomparable Library would seem
to derogate from the Value of it, and from the
Merit of its late indefatigable Owner ; we shall
therefore leave the Whole to the View of such
Gentlemen as are really <i>(Xoj3{/3Xoi, and disposed
to purchase these valuable Pieces when the Sale
comes on.'
The catalogue contains 919 lots in folio, 866
in quarto, and 1789 in 8° and 12°, or 3574 in all. I
do not know if there was any subsequent sale.
It has become the custom to call Salmon the
compiler of the ' Bibliotheque des Philosophes
Chimiques' which appeared at Paris in 1672-73.
That work has the name *le Sieur S.' on the title-
page as the editor's, but I do not know what
justification there is first, for interpreting the initial
as meaning Salmon, as Kopp does : ' Der Pariser
Arzt Salmon,' he calls him ; and secondly, for
identifying the author with William Salmon of the
Blew Balcony. How did it come about that he
first made this alchemical collection in French, and
then twenty-years after brought out a much smaller
collection appended to another and quite different
work?
Still less reason there seems to me to be in con-
necting William Salmon with the ' Dictionnaire
herm&ique,' 1695.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 449.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1779, iii.
P- 303-
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 6,
19 ; 1799, iii. p. 890.
Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 366.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816, xxvii. p. 81.
Schmieder, Geschichte derAlchemie, 1832, p. 462.
Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, pp.
10, 16, 20, 36, 54.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 568-569, 630-631.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 467.
Ferguson, 'Bibliographical Notes on Histories of
Inventions and Books of Secrets,' Transactions
of the Glasgow Archaeological Society, 1883, ii.
p. 196; 1886, New Series, i. p. 226 ('Polygra-
phice').
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 340.
Billings, /nd-ex-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 488.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1897, 1. p.
209 (article by Dr. N. Moore).
SALOMON— S AM M LUNG 321
SALOMON. Continued.
Eloy informs us that Solomon is the reputed Mose und denen Propheten tibel urtheilende
author of a book: De Lapide Mineral! quem Alchymist, 1706, cap. iii. pp. 55-59 (q.v.), who argued
Philosophorum appellant, which was included by that Solomon, wise man though he was, could not
Johann Rhenanus in the collection published by have possessed an art which did not exist in rerum
him at Frankfurt a. M., 1625, 8°, but as he says, natura, but got his gold and silver from mines in
it is pushing Solomon's studies in natural and the usual way, without requiring the philosopher's
experimental science too far, to credit him with stone, or any miracle. Goelicke also raised the
this. The subject had been previously discussed question whether Solomon was a chemist or not,
by Johann Georg Schmid in his tract : Der von and decided in the negative.
Herm. Condeesyanus, Harmonies inperscrut- Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer
abilis chymico-philosophicce . . . Decas II. \collecta der Scheide-Kunst, 1703, p. 42.
studio fir* industria loannis Rhenani, M.D.\ Goelicke, Historia Medicince Universalis, 1721,
Francofurti, 1625, 8°, pp. 309-323. i. pp. 61, 62.
Van der Linden, De Serif (is Medicis libri duo, Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1637, p. 425. 1731, II. ii. p. 150.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 206. Kloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 953. 1778, iv. p. 167.
SALTZTHAL (SOLINUS).
Discursus de potentissima Philosophorum Medicina Vniversali.
Brevis descriptio Admirandae Virtutis et Operationis summae Medicinae
Lapis Philosophorum dictse.
Discursus de philosophico fonte salino.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. pp. 675-714.
A separate edition of Saltzthal's writing about the ' universal medicine ' was published at Strasburg,
1659, 8°.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 625, note e.
SAMMLUNG der grofsten Geheimnisse aufserordentlicher Menschen in alter
Zeit.
I. Formeln der magischen Kabbala oder der magischen Kunst des vi. VH.
Buch Mosis. Sammt der achten Clavicula Salomonis.
II. Gebete an die heilige Corona, Erzschatzmeisterin iiber die verborgenen
Schatze.
III. Natiirliche Weise, Schatze zu graben.
IV. Gebete an den heiligen und grofsen Christoph, den gewaltigen Geber
aller verborgenen Schatze.
V. Ein approbirtes Buch zum Schatzheben, zur Erlangung eines dienst-
baren Geistes, Jesuiten-Zwang der Geister.
VI. Biblia arcana magica Alexander. Nach der Tractation des vi. and vn.
Buchs Mosis, nebst magischen Gesetzen.
VII. Das Biichlein der Venus zur Beschworung boser Geister auf eine
gottselige Weise.
VIII. Die algebraische Lotterie-Kabbala von Rottilio Benincasa.
IX. Geheimnisse der Nigromantia und Beschworung der bosen Geister.
X. Die Planetengeister.
XI. Beschworung der Schatze, so unter der Erden sind. Ausbietung der
Geister, so die Schatze besitzen. Eine wahre Wunschelruthe. Das
wahre Sigillum Salomonis. VVie man einen Spiritus Familiaris
bekommen kann.
II. X
322 SAMMLUNG
SAMMLUNG. Continued.
XII. Die Kunst, den Geistern des Himmels, der Luft, der Erde und der
Holle zu befehlen, nebst dem grofsen Gremoire, der schwarzen
Kunst, den hollischen Kraften und dem wahren Geheimnisse, die
Todten sprechen zu lassen und alle verborgenen Schatze zu
entdecken.
XIII. Arcanum, arcanorum maximum, Das ist : Jesuitisches Venusbiichlein,
oder wahrhaftiger Zwang aller Geister.
XIV. Geheime Kunstschule magischer Wunderkrafte, oder das Buch der
wahren Praktik in der uralten gottlichen Magie.
XV. Auszug aus der magischen Kabbala des vi. und vn. Buch Mose.
Aus der kuthisch-samaritanischen Sprache.
XVI. Der h. Jungfrau und Abtissin Gertraud, Erzschatzmeisterin der Schatze,
himmlische Anmuthungen und Gebete.
XVII. Magia nigromantica curiosa Alomonis Zadocki. In deutscher Sprache.
XVIII. Almuchabota Ablegalim Alkakib Albaon, id est compendium magiae
innaturalis nigrae. Per M. Scotum.
XIX. Wahrhaftige Schatzstellung.
XX. Volliger Prozefs, Schatze zu heben. Die Citation der guten und bosen
Geister, dafs sie Schatze bringen miissen.
XXI. Verfertigung des Erdspiegels, wodurch man alle Verborgenheiten sehen
kann. Die Frag- und Wiinschelruthe auf Schatze, nebst der Kunst,
sich fest zu machen u. s. w. u. s. w.
XXII. Johann Kornreuthers gewaltige Citation und Beschworung.
Anhang : Heiliger Segen fur unheilbare Krankheiten und bose Anfalle.
Mit einer grofsen Anzahl von Abbildungen.
Koln am Rhein, bei Peter Hammer. 1725.
8°. Pp. [4] 490. 491-508 are occupied with advertisements of Cornelius Agrippa's
and other magical works, i folding plate. The title is printed across two pages.
Though dated 1725 this is a quite modern book, seeking, necromancy and conjuration. It may be
possibly a reprint. It does not refer to chemistry compared with BARRETT'S Magus (q.v.) and with
or alchemy, but deals with the cabbala, treasure LE GRAND GRIMOIRE (q.v,).
SAMMLUNG der neuesten und merkwiirdigsten Begebenheiten, die sich mil
unterschiedlichen vermuthlich noch lebenden Adepten und ihrer philoso-
phischen Tinktur zugetragen haben, nebst der ausfiihrlichen und sonderbaren
Geschichte des grossen Adepten Nicol. Flamelli. Hildesheim, im Verlage
der Schroderschen Buchhandlung. 1780.
8°. Pp. 148 [i, i blank].
The preface is signed Jetunn Ytlikhemt Ronb, and Flamel, p. 90; Contemporaries, p. 103; De la
which may be an anagram or cryptogram. Croix, p. no ; Hans v. Osten, p. 134 ; The decapi-
The stories contained in this tract are the follow- tated dervish, p. 139 ; The poisoned Chemist, p.
ing: Sehfeld, p. n ; an unknown adept, p. 33; 142; Webster, Borel, Fludd, pp. 145-148.
Burghart, p. 55 ; Ettner v. Eitteritz, p. 63 ; Jugel, The author, apparently, was a staunch believer
p. 72 ; Christian Paul Bergmann, p. 83 ; Paul Lucas in transmutation. His name is not given.
[Another Copy.]
SAM ML UNG—SA NTANELLI
323
SAMMLUNG unterschiedlicher bewahrter Chymischer Schrifften.
See HOLLANDUS (JOHANN ISAAC), 1746.
This is a collection of Hollandus' tracts, and it HAUTNORTHON (q.v.)\, entitled : Tractat von den
includes that by 'Sendivogii Diener' (who is J. F. Irrgangen der Alchymisten.
SAMUEL BARUCH.
See ABRAHAM ELEAZAR.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, i. p. 67 (under Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaro/, Sciences
' Donum Dei '). Secretes, 1870, Nos. 706, 707.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 314, 382.
SANCTA VERITAS HERMETICA.
See NAXAGORAS (EHRD DE), 1 71 2.
SANCTUS DESIDERIUS.
See LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE>
SANDERREUTER (GEORGIUS).
See LULLIUS (RAIMUNDUS), Experimenta . . . durch . . . Georgium Sander-
reuter . . . verteutscht.
SANTANELLI (FERDINANDO).
Philosophic Reconditse sive Magicae Magneticae Mumialis Scientise Explanatio,
ex qua omnia naturalia Miracula, & Admirabilia fluunt, ac in intimis atque
occultis Naturae visceribus introitus aperitur omnibus, & per omnia. Authore
Ferdinando Santanello a Foreno Neapolis, Philosopho, ac in Regio Nea-
politano Gymnasio Primario Praxis Medicae Professore. Coloniae,
M.DCC.XXIII.
4°. Pp. [7, i blank] 108.
Though bearing the imprint of Cologne, the book
looks as if it had been printed at London. In his
dedication to the Royal Society he remarks that
though the book is small it contains the most
hidden things of science and explains them, and he
does not omit to mention the labour and sweatings
it has cost him to write it. He wanted the Society
to support it with its authority, if the book was
approved of, and, if not, that it should tell him the
defects which he might amend. Apparently it was
only a preliminary part of a work : Practica
Medica.
He does not seem to be at all known. Haller
mentions both Ferdinandus Santanielli and San-
tanelli, and ascribes to the former (Bibliotheca
Medicines practice) : Dell1 uso de' vesicanti and
De somnii causis, printed together in Lucubra-
tionesphysico-meclianicff, Venet., 1698, 4°; De utili-
tate &" necessitate mortis lucitbratio , 4° ; Novus
universalis & methodicusfebrium tractatus, Napoli,
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxii. col. 2063.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
175 i. PP- 538, 916-
Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomieet de la Chirurgie,
1770, iv. p. 225.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 42.
1705, 4° ; to the latter (Bibliotheca Botanica and
Bibliotheca Anatomica) : Lucubrationes physico-
mechanicee, Venet., 1698, 4°, containing tracts on
opiates and fermentation. The two persons, we
may therefore conclude, are identical.
Haller calls him a disciple of Cornelius Consen-
tinus and 'Archiater Ragusinus,' and Gmelin also
speaks of him as the physician of Ragusa.
Santanelli himself says that he practised medicine
for some years in Venice, where certain publications
of his were dedicated to Charles, Earl, afterwards
Duke of Manchester (who was then envoy to the
Venetian Republic, on a special mission to obtain
the release of some English sailors from the galleys),
and afterwards at Naples, where, in his own house,
with war all around him, he composed the present
work, which, like its author, is forgotten. He does
not specify if the tracts enumerated above were
those dedicated to the Envoy.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 781.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirvrgica, 1774, i. p. 535.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1788, iv.
p. 216.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 415.
324 SAPHIR—SCALIGER
SAPHIR (G. C).
Menstruum seu Solvens Universale Philosophicum.
See MERCURII Zweyfacher Schlangen-Stab. 1679.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1275.
SATAN.
See GROSSE (Die) Arglistigkeit derer sich der Satan bedienet . . . 1731.
SAULAT.
See ALTUS, Liber Mutus.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1146.
SCALA PHILOSOPHORUM.
See ALCHIMIA (De) Opuscula, 1550, i. f. 101.
See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, ii. p. 71.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 134.
See MONTANOR (GUIDO DE).
Die Leyter (or Leiter) der Philosophorum.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. p. 94.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, ii. p. 127.
The first edition of the philosophers' ' ladder of French, L'Escalier des Sages, and into German,
learning' was probably that published in the 1550 It is put under the name of Guido de Montanor
collection of alchemical tracts. It was considered by Manget, and this authorship is accepted by
of some value, for it was not only reprinted two or Ladrague, whose reference is to the 1572 edition of
three times in Latin, but it was translated into the Ars Aurifera, ii. pp. 115-183.
Nazari, Delia tramutatione metallica sogni tre, Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
1599, p. 144. Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 34, 37, 62.
Maier, Symbola Aurea Mensa, 1617, p. 559. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 156.
Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. 208. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, Secretes, 1870, No. 914.
I732, P- Si-
SCALIGER QULIUS CESAR).
lulii Caeseris Scaligeri Exotericarum Exercitationum Liber XV. De Subtilitate,
ad Hieronymum Cardanum. In fine duo sunt Indices : prior breuiusculus,
continens sententias nobiliores : alter opulentissimus, pene omnia com-
plectens. Francofurti, Apud haeredes Andr. Wecheli, M.D.LXXXIL
8°. Pp. [16] 1129 [i]. Index, pp. [90] [2]. Colophon : Hhh 8 recto (the last leaf),
Francofurti, Excudebant haeredes And. Wecheli, Anno Salutis M.D. LXXXII. Verso,
Printer's device.
Julius Caesar Scaliger was born in the territory of at the age of forty, in 1525, was obliged — not by
Verona, 23 April, 1484. His origin is uncertain, taste, but by gout — to give up fighting — with the
but not what he claimed. His statement about his sword — and to take to another field and other
first teacher is doubtful, because nobody could weapons.
check it, and it is intrinsically improbable. He is In this year he accompanied as physician the
said to have been a page of the Emperor Maxi- Bishop of Agen to his seat, meaning to return
milian, and to have been in his following for immediately, but there he saw a girl of thirteen
seventeen years and to have seen some military years of age, whom he wanted to marry, but some
service. The death of his father in 1512 left him difficulty was raised about age, and he married her
in straits, and at first, like a certain personage in three years later, and was naturalized and settled
like circumstances, he thought of turning monk, at Agen.
but he too changed his mind, and returned to the He now began to study in earnest, practising
camp to make war — and history — for his too filial medicine as a profession, but devoting himself to
biographer to embellish. languages and literature which formed his chief
He seems next to have studied Greek and medi- occupation,
cine, in which he possibly graduated at Padua, and His works first made their appearance when he
SCALIGER
325
SCALIGER QULIUS CESAR). Continued.
was forty-seven, and their production occupied him
for the rest of his life, which came to a close
21 October, 1558.
He wrote his own epitaph, which Desgenettes
would not print on account of its bad taste:
Julii Coesaris Scaligeri quod fuit.
Obiit M.D.LVIII. Kal. Novembris.
^tatis suae LXXV.
Extulit Italia, eduxit Germania, Juli
Ultima Scaligeri funera Gallus habet.
Hinc Phoebi dotes, hinc duri robora Martis,
Reddere non potuit nobiliore Ioc6.
His life — all the good qualities of it — was
described by his son, a not unprejudiced or quite
reliable authority. All the other qualities have
been described by other biographers, who were
prejudiced against both the father and the son.
He detested falsehood : and claimed to be of
noble family when he was of obscure origin ; of
great charity : but would not admit that anyone
knew anything but himself; of immense strength,
bodily, of brutal force, mentally, and of a vanity
but said of him all the evil ' que la bile la plus
noire puisse suggerer. '
Lipsius puts him along with Homer, Hippo-
crates, and Aristotle, as the four greatest geniuses
the world ever saw. Such an exaggeration dis-
credits Lipsius' judgment, and makes Scaliger
ridiculous. Rather, Scaliger was one of the most
intolerant and intolerable persons who ever lived,
not excluding Gui Patin.
What says At? 'Scaliger e"toit un illustre
imposteur, grand esprit et de bonne trempe.'
Arcades ambo.
Scaliger was opposed to Alchemy ; and yet
Paschalis Gallus — who says of him : ' et generis
splendore et literarum peritia illustris ' — assigns to
him the work : ' Verae Alchymiae artisq'ue metal-
licae citra senigmata doctrina, certusq'ue modus.'
This is not by Scaliger at all, but by Gratarolo.
The present book Gallus entitled 'Nobiles illae
exercitationes contra H. Cardanum.'
The son, Josephus Justus Scaliger, who wrote the
biography of his father, brilliant but misleading,
vaster than both put together ; of grave, dis- was, according to some, ' un tyran dans la Litte'ra-
tinguished presence, but the author of an un- »"™ ' a™A «"•»= 'f™ »>««"• «">~~ ' r\t K;™ n.,,\ D~.;.,
dignified attack upon Cardan in this present book,
which was written ' more out of ill-will than love
of truth,' says Brucker; devoid of humour, and
therefore not only did he misunderstand Erasmus,
Wolfgangus Justus (Jobst), Chronologia sive
Temporum Suppulatio omnium illustrium Medi-
corum, Francophurti ad Viadrum, 1556, p. 160.
Toscanus, Peplus Italia, 1578, p. 91, liber
quartus cli.
Beza, /cones, 1580, sig. Xj, no portrait.
Paschalis Gallus, Bibliotheca Medica, Basil.,
1590, p. 202.
Boissardus, /cones Virorum illustrium doctrina
et eruditione prcestantium ad vivum effectce cum
eorum Vitis descriptis, Francof. a. M., 1598, Pars
iii. pp. 56-59.
Anton. Possc\m\\s, Apparatus Sacer, 1608, i. p. 988.
Maier, Symbola Aurees Mensa, 1617, p. 607
(Scaliger was an opponent of alchemy).
Joh. Val. Andreaa, Mythologia Christiana, 1619,
p. 36.
Lipsius, Opera Omnia, 1637, ii. p. 87 [' Epistol-
arum Centur. II. Miscellanea, No. xliv.'j & passim.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 322.
loannes Imperialis, Museum historicum et phy-
sicum, Venet., 1640, p. 63.
Girolamo Ghilini, Teatro d'huomini letterati,
Venetia, 1647, i. p. 133.
Lorenzo Crasso, Elogii d'huomini letterati,
Venetia,' 1666, Parte Seconda, pp. 180-185;
portrait.
Thomasius, Dissertatio . . . de Plagio Lilerario,
Lipsioe (1673), sig. Ff i verso, § 536, No. cxlii.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 721
(life and medico-scientific works).
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 1243 ; portrait, plate 55.
Moller, Homony mo-Scopia historico-philologico-
critica, Hamburgi, 1697, p. 719, No. cxvi.
Naudaana et Patiniana, 1703, p, p. 44.
Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authornm,
1710, p. 600.
Teissier, Les Eloges des Hommes Savans, 1715, i.
PP- 307-333-
Mencken, Zwey Reden von der Charlatanerie
oder Marktschreyerty der Gelehrten, Leipzig, 1716,
pp. 16, 80, 94, 95.
ture,' and was 'father worse. Of him Gui Patin
says: 'Quand je Us la plupart des puvrages de
Scaliger, je ne les entend point ; je baisse humble-
ment la t£te en me souvenant de ce qu'a dit
Martial: Non omnibus [lege cuicunque] datum
est habere nasum.'
Scaevola Sammarthanus (Sainte-Marthe), Elogia
Gallorum, Isenaci, 1722, p. 53 (lib. i, No. xxvii.).
Papadopolus, Historia Gymnasii Patavini,
1726, ii. p. 208, No. Ixxxiv. (a very mixed account
of his character).
Joh. Herm. Fiirstenau, Desiderata medica,
Lipsiae, 1727, p. 384 (about the magnet).
Mencken, De Charlataneria Eruditorum De-
clamationes Duce, Amstel., 1727, pp. 21, 80, 91-92.
Schelhorn, Amcenitates literarice, 1727, vi. p.
508 ; 1728, viii. p. 554.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. pp. 165-166 (unfavourable).
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 139 (criticism of Fracostoro);
143 (criticism of Cardan) ; 705 (criticism of Galen).
Niceron, Memoires, 1733, xxiii. pp. 258-278
(refers to this book on Cardan).
Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philosophischen
Historie, 1736, vii. pp. 86 (' attacked Cardan more
out of ill-will than love of truth'), no (note
about him and his book on Cardan).
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit,
1736, pp. 133, 135, 165, &c. , Zusatze, p. 62.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 751-
Stolle, Kurze Nachricht von den Buchern und
deren Urhebern in der Stollischen Bibliothec, Jena,
1740, Th. ix. pp. 34-35.
Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 294.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxiv. col. 511
(extravagant account of him).
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
I7S1- PP- 54, 83, 495, 676, 854.
Jdcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 191.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mldtcine,
1755, ii. p. 364 ; 1778, iv. pp. 194-196.
Joh. G. W. Dunkel, Historisch-Critische Nach-
richten von verstorbenen Gelehrten und deren
Schriften, Cothen, 1757, III. i. p. 152, No.
2216.
326
SCALIGER—SCHADE
SCALIGER (JULIUS C;ESAR). Continued.
Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 149.
Portal, Histoire de I'Anatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, i. p. 509.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, :. pp. 30, 36,
318.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 211.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1776, i.
p. 81 ; 1777, ii. pp. 40, 314.
Wiegleb, Histonsch-kntische untersuchung der
Alchemie, Weimar, 1777, p. 296 (his dislike of
practical alchemy).
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785,
p. 561.
Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire
historique, 1804, xi. p. 153.
Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana,
1812, VII. iii. p. 794; VII. iv. pp. 1473-1479 (life
and works).
Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 54.
Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 109. (Article by Desgenettes, who would
not repeat his epitaph as given by Eloy, it was in
such bad taste ; list of his works.)
Biographic Universelk, 1825, xli. p. 14 ; no
date, xxxviii. p. 494 (article by Weiss ; ' his life by
his son is little more than a tissue of fables').
Giuseppe Vedova, Biografia degli Scrittori Pado-
vani, Padova, 1836, ii. pp. 240-248.
Poggendorff, Historisch-literarisches Handwor-
terbuch, 1863, ii. col. 765.
Nouvelle Biographic Gendrale, 1864, xliii. col.
446.
J. Victor Cams, Geschichte der Zoologie, Miin-
chen, 1872, p. 318 ( 'Geschichte der Wissenschaften
in Deutschland, Zwblfter Band ').
Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Medi-
cales, 3eme S6rie, 1879, v»- P- X92-
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v.
p. 196.
SCEP.
Tscep vol wonders.
Without place, date, and printer's name.
Small folio. Sheet i, f. i, without sig. recto: the title forms the top line; the
rest of the page is occupied by a large woodcut of a ship. At the foot of the main-
mast is a furnace with a still, and a man beside it holding up a receiver or flask. At
the stern is another man with a quadrant. Verso : Coat of arms, surmounted by a
coronet and circled by the collar of the Golden Fleece. The whole is enclosed with
a woodcut border in compartments containing grotesques of human figures and
animals, hunting scenes, etc.
f. a, with sig. ij : Hier beghint die tafel des boecks, which ends on f. iv. recto,
middle of column b. f. iv. verso is occupied with a woodcut representing the Creator
taking Eve out of Adam's side. The whole is enclosed in the woodcut border already
mentioned.
F. 5. with signature a : C Prologhe || Inden naim des heeren die om on | fe
falicheyt fijn ghebenedide dier-|baer bloet gheftort ende die bitter dootjaen der ghal-
ghen des cruycen gheftorjuen heeft Soe begint hier een feer fcoo|boeck gheheeten
(Tfcep vol wonders) |
a in 6 with 6 woodcuts. f in 4 with 6 woodcuts.
b in 4 with 3 woodcuts. g in 4 with 6 woodcuts.
c in 6 with 7 woodcuts. h in 4.
d in 4 with i woodcut. i k 1 all in 4.
e in 6 with i woodcut.
The text ends on 1 iiij recto, foot of col. b. 1 iv -verso contains a woodcut representing a
knight with vizor down holding up a shield, having his right arm thrown across his
body and grasping a sword in his hand, apparently wading through water up to his
middle, with a great fish on his right ; above there is a scroll with the motto : Ick lafs
ghedincken. The whole is enclosed in the afore-mentioned border. The woodcuts
in the text represent the gods of the planets, the signs of the Zodiac, &c. Black
letter, double columns, 41-42 lines, 54 leaves, not numbered.
The book was printed early in the sixteenth
century. It is a treatise on astrological physic,
and contains sections on the temperaments of man
under the planets, the planets and their influences,
diseases, and the preparation and properties of the
quintessence. The book seems to be unknown, as
I have not found it mentioned anywhere. There
is a copy in the British Museum.
SCEPTICAL (THE) CHYMIST.
See BOYLE (ROBERT), 1680.
SCHADE (GEORG).
Die unwandelbare und ewige Religion der altesten Naturforscher und so
genannten Adepten oder geometrischer Beweis, dafs die Metaphysic die
SCHADE-SCHALLERUS
327
SCHADE (GEORG). Continued.
wahre theoretische, und die Moral die wahre practische Gottesgelahrheit
sey, bestehend in einigen freyen Anmerkungen und Erinnerungen iiber
das in dem ersten, zweyten, und dem Vorbereitungstheile zum dritten
Stiicke der hohern Weltweisheit enthaltene System der allgemeinen
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und deren Einrichtung und Plan zur griind-
lichen Ueberfuhrung aller seichtdenkenden und kohlerglaubigen Deisten
und Naturalisten, aufgesetzt von einem Liebhaber der Wahrheit an seinen
Freund. Berlin und Leipzig, 1760.
8°. Pp. 30 [2] 88 [4] 16. Followed by Rosenstand-Goisce's Widerlegung of the pre-
ceding, edited by Georg Schade, Altona, q.v.
Georg Schade, who wrote the following, is
obviously the same person as the above : Historische
Nachricht von dem Anfange, Wachsthum, Hinder-
nissen und nunmehrigen Fortgange und Nutzen
der zur Ausbesserung der hohern Natur- und
Geisterlehre vor einiger Zeit errichteten allgemeinen
Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und Tugend bis
auf das Jahr 1757 wobey angefuget ist der erste
Plan der Gesellschaft mit seinen Anhangen wie
auch die neue Einrichtung derselben auf Befehl der
Herren Vorsteher der Gesellschaft ans Licht gestel-
let durch Georg Schade Ober- und Landgerichts-
Advocat in den Herzogthiimern Schleswig-Holstein,
auch erster und bestandiger Secretar der Gesell-
schaft. 4°, pp. Ixviii, 192, with Supplements. The
preface is dated Altona, den i3ten Junii 1757.
He tells us that his student years were passed at
Kiel, Utrecht and Leyden, and that he devoted
himself to law as his profession, but paid much
attention to mathematics and the newer philosophy,
and studied and applied Newton's principles to the
understanding of physics and chemistry, in other
words to the construction of a molecular system.
He wrote an essay on the nature of the elements in
1736, but becoming secretary of Hofrath Jesse,
Amis-Inspector of Duke Christian Augustus, at
Sonderburg, and being engaged in legal practice
more and more, he dropped the pursuit of science.
In 1741 he had a large practice at Hadersleben,
but at leisure intervals he returned to his former
studies, which he found to be a pleasant relaxation.
So in March, 1747, he hunted up his old disserta-
tion on the elements, and being persuaded that
something was to be made out of metaphysical
conceptions in physics, he sent it to some friends
who were skilled in physics, chemistry and medi-
cine. But at this time the Berlin Academy proposed
as a prize question the subject of the Leibnitzian
Monads, and he sent his essay to the Academy on
the 29 March, 1747. But their conditions not being
satisfactory he sent another copy to the Danish
Academy of Sciences and it was criticised by Pro-
fessor Krafft. The criticisms and investigations
which ensued led ultimately to the establishment of
the Society of which a detailed account is given.
There are some interesting references to the chem-
istry of the time, and he gives (p. 139) a translation
of the Smaragdine Table.
SCHAEFER (GOTTFRIED HEINRICH).
See SCHEELE (CARL WILHELM), Opuscula, 1788.
SCHALLERUS (WOLFGANGUS).
Problematum medicorum decas, Controversas aliquot qusestiones ad cordis et
ventriculi affectiones cognoscendas & curandas pertinentes determinans.
Problematum Medicorum . . . decades priores
See HORST (GREGORIUS),
quinque, 1608.
He belonged to Freiberg in Misnia, took the
degree of doctor of medicine at Wittenberg, 14
July, 1612, and taught medicine in the University
there. He was twice elected Rector, in 1619 and
1625. No information is forthcoming as to the
date of his birth or death or whether or not he was
connected with Jerome Schaller.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca Realis Medica, 1679, P-
56 b.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, p. 880.
Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 483.
He wrote various tracts : Brevis et generalis
infimi ventris contemplatio, Witteberg., 1620, 4°;
De Nephritide, Witteberg., 1621, 4°; DeArthritide,
1622, 4°; De Viribus imaginations, Witteberg.,
1624, 4°, mentioned by Lipenius and von Haller.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 345.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirvrgica, 1774, i. p. 309.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practices, 1777, ii.
p. 481.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Hislorique de la Mtdccine,
1778, iv. p. 200,
328 SCHARF—SCHA TZKA MMER
SCHARF (JOHANN).
Johannis Scharfi, D. & Professoris Witteberg public!, Senioris & Praepositi,
Manuale Physicum. Ordine consveto Aristotelico conscriptum & ex
antiquissimis Scriptoribus constructum. Editio altera auctior. Lipsise,
Impensis Hsered. Thomae Schiir, & Math. Gotzii. Anno LVII. Ex
Officina Bauchiana.
12°. Pp. [24] 424 [4, 4 blank]. Title red and black.
Johann Scharf, or Scharff, was born at Kroppen- He founded a bursary of 500 gulden for poor
stadt near Halberstadt, 18 (13) June, 1595, studied students and died 6 (7) January, 1660, leaving
at Wittenberg and became professor of philosophy behind him a number of works on physics, philo-
there in 1627, was afterwards created doctor of sophy, logic and theology,
theology, and in 1649 professor of that subject.
»
Freher, Theairum virorum eruditione clarorum, Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxiv. col. 932.
1688, p. 617. Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelekrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
Henningus Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, col. 222.
sig. Ooo 3 recto, 7 Jan. , 1660. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1890, xxx. p.
Witte, Memories theologorum, 1684, iii. p. 1360. 587 (and references).
SCHARLAU (GUSTAV WILHELM).
[Die Magie und Alchemic des Alterthums und Mittelalters. Von Dr. G. W.
Scharlau in Stettin.]
No place or date. No title-page.
8°. Pp. 641-674. Extracted from vol. iv. of some encyclopaedia or history, of
which this is a chapter from a section called ' Naturphilosophie.'
Scharlau, a distinguished German physician, was He settled at Stettin, directed a hydropathic insti-
born 29 April, 1809, at Pasewalk, in Pomerania, tution in the neighbourhood, and practised medicine
first studied pharmacy and practised it for some there till his death on 24 April, 1861. He was the
years at Neu-Strelitz, as a pharmacist of the first author of a number of important works on medicine
class, then took up medicine about 1833 and re- and pharmacy, translated others from French and
ceived the diploma of doctor at Leipzig in 1836. English, and contributed papers to the journals.
Adolph C. P. Callisen, Medicinisches Schrift- Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Medi-
steller-Lexicon, 1833, xvii. p. 92 ; xxxii. p. 130. cales, 3eme SeYie, 1879, vii. p. 417.
Wilhelm Engelmann, Bibliotheca Medico-Chir. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
iirgica et Anatomico-Physiologica, 1848, p. 501 ; genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v.
Supplement-Heft, 1868, p. 220. p. 205.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 633.
luorterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 773.
SCHATZKAMMER rarer und neuer Curiositaten, in den aller-wunderbahresten
Wiirckungen der Natur und Kunst, darinnen allerhand seltzame und un-
gemeine Geheimniisse, bewehrte Artzneyen, Wissenschafften und Kunst-
Stiicke zu finden dessen Inhalt auff folgendem Blat zu sehen ist. Ein
Werck, so jedermanniglich, wes Standes, Geschlechtes und Alter er ist,
niitzlich und ergetzlich seyn wird. Der Dritte Druck, jetzo mit dem dritten
Theil von vielen Chymischen Experimenten und anderen Kiinsten vermehret,
Deme angehenget ist ein Tractat, Naturgemasser Beschreibung der Coffee,
Thee, Chocolate, Tabacks, und dergleichen Mit Chur-Sachsischer Gna'd.
Befreyung nicht nachzudrucken. Hamburg, Auff Gottfried Schultzens
Kosten, 1689.
8°. Pp. [8, frontispiece included] 592 [24]. Wants pp. 47-50, and 389-390.
SCHA TZ—SCHA UBER T
329
[SCHATZ und Kunstkammer.]
Pp. 3-701 [i blank]. Wants the title-page and the symbolic plate, p. 415.
8°.
Compare Tancke's Promptuarium, Eroffnete Ge-
heimnisse des Steins der Weisen, and Trissmosinus'
Aureum Vellus. With p. 414 compare p. 19 of
1-7. Splendor Solis, mil seinen Figuren darinn
alle Anzeigung von dem Lapide Philosophorum
beschrieben wird, Der wird in sieben Theil getheilt,
p. 8.
8. Spiegel der Alchimey Vlrici Poyselij, p. 86.
9. Clauis der Chymischen Handgriffezuerlernen,
p. 124.
10. Allerley Particularia die Handgriffe zuerler-
nen, p. 145.
11. Tinctur oder Elixir eines vnbekandten Philo-
sophi, p. 178.
12. Processus pro tinctura auff den Mercurium
Solis vnd Lunae, p. 195 ; Modus procedendi in
prasparatione lapidis Philosophic!, p. 200.
13. Dialogus Philosophiae, p. 238.
14. Exemplum artis Philosophiae. Ein Exem-
plum der Philpsophen Kunst, p. 254.
15. De Lapide Philosophorum, XII. Cap. , p. 261.
16. Ein philosophisch Werck vnnd Gesprech von
dem Gelben und Roten Man. Melchioris Cardinalis
et Episcopi Brixiensis, p. 299 ; Von dem Rebis
einem Stein, p. 334.
17. Varia Philosophica, p. 338 : Ein schb'nes
Gedicht, p. 346 ; Ein Gesprech, p. 351 ; Ein
Gedicht, p. 357 ; De Oleo Philosophorum, p. 359 ;
Vera praeparatio Mercurij, p. 360 ; Ein ander
Tractatus vom Saltz der Weisen, p. 361 ; Novum
Testamentum, p. 368 ; Von dem Philosophischen
Glauber's ' Teutschlandes
Theil,1 1660.
Wohlfahrt, funffter
Bley, p. 371 ; Avicennae Septem Regulce, p. 374 ;
Tabula des grb'ssern Wissens, p. 376.
18. Tractatus de Quinta Essentia Vini, p. 378.
19. Tabula Schmaragdina (sic) Hermetis Tris-
megisti, p. 413.
iqa. Aufslegung und Erklarung des Gemahls
oder Figur (in verse, wants the symbolic figure),
(PP. 4i5-)4*6.
20. Propositiones oder Satzungen der Goldkunst,
p. 427.
21. Turba Philosophorum in PhilosophiaSecunda,
Called in the text : Philosophi der Goldkunst, so
man Chemian nennet, p. 435.
22. Ein vortremicherTractatvonderwarhafftigen
Composition des Lapidis Philosophorum, Theorice
& Physice gantz lustig beschrieben. Rogeri Bach-
onis de Sole, p. 546.
[220]. Die Practick oder Procefs Rogerij Bachonis
de Sole, p. 566.
23. Fratris Basilij Valentini Benedicter Ordens,
Von dem grossen Stein der Vhralten, p. 610.
24. Zwolff Schlussel Fratris Basilij Valentini
Benedicter Ordens, dadurch die Thiiren zu dem
Vralten Stein vnser Vorfahren eroffnet, vnd der
vnerforschliche Brunnen aller Gesundheit gefunden
wird, p. 641.
[240]. De Prima Materia Lapidis Philosophic!
(in verse), p. 700.
SCHATZ der Welt.
See THESAURUS Mundi.
SCHAUBERT (JOHANN).
Consummata Sapientia, seu Philosophia Sacra, Praxis de Lapide Minerali,
Johannis de Padua. Epistola Johannis Trithemii, Von den dreyen Anfangen
aller natiirlichen Kunst der Philosophise. Epistola Johann. Teutzschescheni,
De Lapide Philosophorum. Vor niemals in Truck gangen, jtzo aber an
Tag gegeben durch Johann. Schauberdt, Chimicum. Francofurti, Anno
M DC LXXXI.
12°. Pp. 282 [6 blank].
Johannes de Padua, p. 31 ; Johannes Trithemius, p. 231 ; Johann Teutzscheschen, p. 256.
[Another Copy.]
If what Jocher says be correct — that ' Schauberdt '
was a physician and surgeon living in Magdeburg
about 1602 — it will be necessary to interpret not
too literally the phrase on the title-page that this
work was not published before the present edition.
To Schauberdt Jocher ascribes also a translation of
the ' Voarchadumia ' ; a " pseudonymous author's "
Bericht von dem Fundament derhohen Kunst wider
die falschen und untreuen Alchymisten ; de auro et
luna potabili ; Jon. Garlandi alias Hortulani Ex-
plicatio Tabellae Smaragdinae Hermetis Trisme-
gisti, &c. He does not give the dates of these
publications, but, according to the Beytrag the
translation of the ' Voarchadumia ' appeared at
Magdeburg, 1600, 8°, and Gmelin, followed by
Schmieder, quotes an edition of Madgeburg, 1608,
8°. The title, however, of the ' Voarchadumia ' as
given by these authorities does not quite tally with
Jochcr's, either in spelling or in form, and it looks
as if either he had made one title into two, or as if
they had run two into one. For in the Beytrag the
title of Schaubert's book is as follows : Anonymi
330 SCHAUBERT—SCHEELE
SCHAUBERT (JOHANN). Continued.
Bericht von dem Fundament der hohen Kunst that sort. So, either there must have been an
Vorarchadumiae (sic), wider die falschen und earlier edition of which this is an exact copy, even
untreuen Alchimisten, de auro et luna potabili ; to the phrase on the title-page, or, if it be the first
Garlandi Tabellae Smaragdinae Hermetis Tris- issue of the book, the phrase on the title-page of
megisti explicatio, herausgegeben von Johann the MS. was left unaltered, and the book appeared
Schaubert, Madgeburg, 1600, 8°. The author very posthumously. Now in Lenpolds Prodromus there
naturally says he does not know why the ' Vor- is the following entry : Joh. Schaubert de lapicle
archadumia ' (sic) of Pantheus should be ascribed mineral!, Nor. , 1676. Although not quite so full
to an anonymous author. The same title is given and exact as one could wish, this certainly looks
by Gmelin and by Schmieder. As I have not seen like an earlier edition of the present work. If it
this translation I am unable to say which is the be so, then this may be the edition, the title-page
correct version, but it looks as if in this second of which has been copied ; but, whether or not,
version the word Voarchadumia had been thrust there are obvious discrepancies between the date of
into the title of an anonymous tract, which may the author and that of his book,
perhaps explain the puzzle presented to the author Schaubert is credited by Schmieder with a trans-
of the Beytrag. lation of Trithemius' work De tribus primordiis
But if Schaubert was living in 1602 and writing artis physicae, Magdeburg, 1602, 4° ; Frankfurt a.
books at that time, even if he did begin very young, M., 1681, 12°.
he must have lived to a great age, at least to a All that Zedler says is that Johann Schaubert
century, if the present work was first brought out wrote a tract De lapide minerali, which saw the
by him in 1681. There is no proof of anything of light at Franckfurt, 1684, 12°.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 208. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie
Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 46. der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. pp. 78, 97.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 294,
1732, p. 125. (' Vorarchadumia'), 558 (Rosicrucians).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1742, xxxiv. col. 998. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. 238, 352.
col. 227. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqff, Sciences
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 117. Secretes, 1870, No. 1075.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 220.
P- 584-
SCHEELE (CARL WILHELM).
Chemical Observations and Experiments on Air and Fire. By Charles-William
Scheele, Member of the Royal Academy at Stockholm; With a Prefatory
Introduction, By Torbern Bergman ; Translated from the German by J. R.
Forster, LL.D. F.R.S. and S.A. Member of several Learned Societies
and Academies in Europe. To which are added Notes, by Richard Kirwan,
Esq. F.R.S. with a letter to him from Joseph Priestley, L.L.D. F.R.S.
London : Printed for J. Johnson, No. 72, St. Paul's Church- Yard.
M DCC LXXX.
8°. Pp. xl, 259 [i adv.]. Plate.
Caroli Guil. Scheele Pharmacopoei nuper Kopingensis, Academiarum et
Societatum Reg. Scientiarum Holmiensis et Taurinensis, Elector. Moguntinae
Erfordensis, Naturae Scrutatorum Berol. Sodalis Opuscula Chemica et Physica.
Latine Vertit Godofredus Henric. Schaefer Lipsiensis. Vol. I. Edidit et
Praefatus est D. Ernestus Beniam. Gottl. Hebenstreit in Acad. Lips. Med.
P. P. E. Societt. Oecon. Lips, et Nat. Scrutat. Halens. Sodalis. Societatt.
Regg. Scientt. Getting, et Agricult. Paris. Corresp. Cum Privilegio S. Pr.
Electoris Saxoniae. Lipsiae. In Officina libr. lo. Godofr. Miilleriana.
MDCCLXXXVIII.
8°. Vol. i. pp. [8] 284. Vol. ii. MDCCLXXXIX. pp. [6] 284. Index [22].
Wiederlegung der Meinung dafs das reine Wasser in Erde verwandelt werden
konne.
See ALLGKMEIN ntitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 181.
SCHEELE
33i
SCHEELE (CARL WILHELM). Continued.
Scheele's papers were published in the Trans-
actions of the Swedish Academy, and in Crell's
Neue Entdeckungen and Annalen. Lists are given
by Fuehs, Reuss and Poggendorff, and there are
references to the originals in Hebenstreit's col-
lected edition above.
Hermbstadt's German translation of the works
appeared at Berlin, 1793. There was a facsimile
reprint at Berlin, 1891, 2 vols. , 8°.
Beddoes' translation into English of the Essays
was published at London, 1786, 8°.
The French translation came out at Paris,
1785-88, 2 vpls., 8°.
The treatise on Air and Fire appeared in Ger-
man, with a preface by T. Bergman, Upsala &
Leipzig, 1777, 8°; ad. edit, by J. G. Leonhardi,
Leipzig, 1782, 8° ; English, by J. R. Forster,
London, 1780, 8°, as above; French, by Ph. F. v.
Dieterich, Paris, 1781, 8°. His letters have been
edited by Nordenskiold in Swedish and in German.
Carl Wilhelm Scheele was born at Stralsund,
9 Dec., 1742, and, after a few years spent at
school, he was apprenticed, at the age of fourteen,
to an apothecary in Gothenburg, called Martin
Anders Bauch. He stayed with him till the age of
twenty-two, and though exhibiting no remarkable
talent he was diligent and punctual in his work
and a close student of theoretical and practical
chemistry. In 1765, when Bauch disposed of his
business, Scheele went to Malmo to another phar-
macist, Peter Magnus Kjellstrbm, and here he
continued his chemical studies. Three years later
he removed to Stockholm, where he completed and
described his first important research, which was
on tartaric acid. He sent it to Bergman, who
unfortunately overlooked it, though it subsequently
Vicq d ' Azyr, ' Eloge de Scheele,' in the Mtmoires
de la Sociitl royale de Mtdecine, 1785.
Crell, Annalen der Chemie, 1787, i. pp. 175-192 ;
CrelFs Chemical Journal, London, 1791, i. pp.
1-23.
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literdr-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 413, § 317.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 256-
261, 401-403.
J. D. Reuss, Rtpertorium Commentationum,
1803, iii. (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 12, 42, 59,
60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 71, 89, 102, 103, 107, 129, 174, 184.
Chaudon et Celandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire
Historique, 1804, xi. p. 169.
Vicq d'Azyr, Oeuvres, 1805, 'ii. p. 19 (Eloge de
Scheele).
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratitr,
1806-08, pp. 382, 393, 413, 431, 434, 459, 475, 479,
S°4, 531-
Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800
verstorbenen Teutschen Schriflsteller, 1812, xii. pp.
102-106 (and references).
Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 59.
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 124.
Biographie Universelle, 1825, xli. p. 90 ; no date,
xxxviu. p. 260.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v.
p. 38.
Thomas Thomson, The History of Chemistry,
1831, ii. pp. 54-74.
J. F. Sacklen, Sveriges Apotekare-Historia i/rSn
Konung Gustav I. till narvarand Tid, Nykoping,
1833.
Dumas, Lecons de Philosophie chimique (1836),
&87 ; 1874, p. 95 ; Rammelsberg's German trans-
tion, 1839, p. 77.
came into Retzius' possession, by whom it was
published in the Stockholm Transactions in 1770.
That same year he got a post in :i pharmacy at
Upsala belonging to Lokk. He attended Berg-
man's lectures, and made the acquaintance of
Gahn, who introduced him to Bergman. Not
forgetful of the fate of his first paper Scheele
hesitated at first to meet him, but having finally
consented he found an excellent friend in Berg-
man, and their intimacy continued unbroken till
Bergman's death, and was of the greatest value to
Scheele.
While at Upsala one of his most fruitful investi-
gations, that upon manganese, was published, but
not having sufficient freedom to pursue his re-
searches he went in 1775 to Kbping to manage a
pharmacy, which had become vacant by the death
of the proprietor. He found the place in debt and
the business a poor one, but by prudent manage-
ment and hard work he got it into order, and in a
couple of years was in the position to purchase it.
Having passed the necessary examinations he was
registered as a pharmacist in 1777. The remaining
years of his life were spent in the routine work of
his shop and in chemical research. The latter was
a passion with him, and the deprivations to which
he had subjected himself all along in order to
gratify it no doubt brought on the troubles which
shortened his life. He died 21 May, 1786, at the
age of forty-three.
Scheele was an experimental genius ; he made
more discoveries of first-rate importance with fewer
opportunities and scantier appliances than any one
else, and his skill, insight and power of illuminating
experimental results have never been surpassed, if,
indeed, they have ever been equalled.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 457-
479 ; 1869, ii. pp. 450-472.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 255-264
<5r" passim.
Biographiskt Lexicon ofyer Namnkunnige Sven-
ska Man, Upsala, 1847, xiii. p. 368 (and references).
Eisenach, 'C. W. Scheele, seine Lehre und sein
Einfluss auf die Ausbildung der Chemie,' Programm
d. Realgymnas. zu Gotha, 1850.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855,
ii. p. 669.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 776.
Paul-Antoine Cap, Etudes Biographiqnes, 2eme
Serie, 1864, p. 233.
Nouvelle Biographie GttUrale, 1864, xliii. cols.
491-495 (article by P. P. Deherain).
Houfer, La Chimie enseignte par la Biographie
de ses Fondateurs, 1865, pp. 171-196.
Kopp, Die Entwickelung der Chemie in der
neueren Z«'/, Mlinchen, 1873, pp. 75-83, 90, 96-
100, &c., &c. , &c.
Dictionnaire Encyclopfdique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme SeVie, 1879, vii. p. 420.
Per Theodor Cleve, Carl Wilhelm Scheele ett
Minnesblad pit Hundrade Arsdagen af hans Ddd,
Koping, Stockholm printed, 1886, 8°, pp. 54, in-
cluding his portrait, monument and statue ; wood-
cuts in the text ; facsimile of his writing.
Encyclopedia Britannica, 9th edition, 1886, xxi.
C. 387. (Article by Ferguson. The date of his
irth here given, 19 Dec., 1742, was taken from
Crell.)
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 210.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 638.
Carl Wilhelm Scheele Efterlemnade Bref och
332 SCHEELE—SCHENCK
SCHEELE (CARL WILHELM). Continued.
Anteckningar utgifna af A. E. Nordenskiold, gen, edited by A. E. Nordenskiold, Stockholm,
Stockholm, 1892, 8°, pp. xl, 490 [i, i blank]. 1892, 8°.
Frontispiece of Scheele's statue ; at the end : chemi- Carl Wilhelm Scheele Pharmacist and Chemist,
cal signs used by Scheele, facsimile of a letter to A brief account of his life and work, MDCCXLII-
Retzius, two facsimiles of laboratory notes ; in the MDCCLXXXVI. Reprinted from the Pharma-
text : medal of Scheele, picture of his shop and ceutical Journal, Jan. 14, 1893, 8°, pp. 24; portrait
chemical apparatus. The introduction contains his and memorial medal extra ; woodcuts in the text.
life, and there is a short list of biographies at the ( The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions,
end, pp. xxxix-xl. No. 1177, Jan. 14, 1893, pp. 568-572).
Scheele, Nachgelassene Brief e und Aufzeichnun- Thorpe, Essays in Historical Chemistry, 1894,
PP-
SCHEIDUNG (Von der) der vier Elementen aus dem ersten Chaos.
See JUGEL (JOHANN GOTTFRIED).
SCHEMA.
See GANTZE (Das) Schema oder Figur.
SCHENCK ( ).
Ein schon Stuck von Doctor Schenken.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die guldene Arch, Schatz vnd Kunstkammer, 1614,
part ii. p. 270.
See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 563.
SCHENCK (JOHANN GEORG).
Lithogenesia sive de Microcosm! Membris Petrefactis : et de Calculis eidem
Microcosmo per varias Matrices innatis : Pathologia Historica, per Theorian
& Autopsian demonstrata. Accessit Analogicum Argumentum ex Macro-
cosmo de Calculis Brutorum Corporib. Innatis. Quibus Concretio portentosa
ex Panspermio semine viscoso & bolari per salis spiritum coagulate, illustratur:
Cui deinceps Dissolutionis secunda Pars & germana soror adsociabitur.
Auctore loanne Georgio Schenckio a Grafenberg, Philiatro : Hagenoensium
Alsatiae Poliatro. Francofurti, Ex officina Typographica Matthise Beckeri,
Sumptibus Viduae Theodori de Bry, & duorum ejus filiorum. M. DC. VIII.
4°. Pp. [14, 2 blank] 69 [i blank] [7, 3 blank]. Vignette. 15 woodcuts. 6 engravings.
Johann Georg Schenck of Grafenberg, son of opinion Blondeau remarks that it is just the fables
Johann Schenck, was born at Freiburg in Breisgau, which will be amusing to most readers. That is
in the second half of the sixteenth century. He true : if the book be read with caution and criticism
was Stadt-physikus at Hagenau in Alsace, and the illusion will be shattered, so that it had better
practised medicine with success, but he nevertheless not be read at all. It is a work of imagination, and
found time to write and edit some books on medi- not a treatise on natural history.
cine and botany : Exotericorum experimentorum ad varies morbos
De formandis medicinse studiis et schola medica centuriae vii. , Francof., 1607, 8°.
constituenda Enchiridion, Strasburg, 1607, 12°. Hortus Patavinus, Francof., 1608.
Monstrorum historia memorabilis, Francof., 1609, Biblia latrica seu Bibliotheca Medica, Francof.,
4°. 1609, 8°. One of his chief works, which is still of
' This book is filled with fables, and it must be use.
accepted with reserve and criticism.' Upon this He died at Hagenau in 1620.
Adami, Vitee Germanorum Medicorum, 1620, Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
PP- 357-359- I73i, II- >>• P- *88.
Van der Linden, De Serif tis Medicis libri duo, Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
1637, p. 272. Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 117, 283.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 589. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
Valentinus Henricus Voglerus, Introductio uni- p. 759.
versa/is in notitiam . . . honor um Scriptorum, 1691, Boerhnave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Ilaller,
Cap. 8, p. 50. 1751, pp. 176, 386, 596, 597, 731, 874, 968.
SCHENCK—SCHERER
333
SCHENCK (JOHANN GEORG). Continued.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 251.
Portal, Histoire de I ' Anatomic et dc la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 306.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. pp. 296,
569-
Haller, Bibliotkeca Anatoimca, 1774, i. p. 319
(Wunderbuch, Frankf. , 1610, 4°; in Latin, 1609,
4°) : 1777, »• P- 75°-
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 284 ;
J775> >'• P- 692-
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1776, i.
PP- 397. 519 I 1777, ii- P- 388.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Me"decine,
1778, iv. p. 209.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 569.
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 135.
Biographic Universelle, 1847, Supplement,
Ixxxi. p. 277 (by Blondeau) ; no date, xxxviii.
p. 283.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, i.
p. 282.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mddi-
calcs, seme S£rie, 1879, vii. p. 430.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 215.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1890, xxxi. p.
51 (note by Pagel).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 644.
SCHERER (ALEXANDER NICOLAUS VON).
Versuch einer popularen Chemie. Entworfen von Alexander Nicolaus Scherer,
Doktor der Philosophic, Privatlehrer der Chemie zu Jena, Mitgliede der
russisch-kaiserlichen freyen okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Petersburg und
Sekretair der naturforschenden zu Jena. Miihlhausen, bey Friedrich
Banner, 1795.
8°. Pp. x [6] 381 [3, 2 blank].
Alexander Nicolaus von Scherer was born at St.
Petersburg, 30 Dec., 1771 (old style). From an
early age he endured many hardships, but in his
twelfth year he went to an uncle at Riga, who, with
a father's care, superintended his upbringing and
education. After finishing his schooling at the
Domschule there with distinction, he got a stipend
or bursary, and went to Jena at the age of eighteen.
He began with theology, but soon drifted off into
natural science, which had a great fascination for
him, and he attended the courses of Gottling and
Voigt, and graduated D.Phil, at Jena in 1794. He
devoted himself to teaching, founded the Natur-
forschende Gesellschaft of Jena, and was recom-
mended by Voigt and by Goethe, who was well
pleased with his zeal and energy to the Grand
Duke of Weimar. At his expense Scherer made a
journey to England and Scotland to perfect himself
in chemistry and technology, and on his return
began public courses at Weimar — for there was no
opening for him at Jena — on chemistry, and there,
in the large hall of the Gymnasium, before a dis-
tinguished audience, exhibited all kinds of experi-
ments.
For convenience he published at Jena in 1796 a
tabular view of the new chemistry and a more
detailed guide to it.
He did not remain any length of time there, but
the duke conferred on him the title of Bergrath.
He was much occupied with literary work, editing
a chemical journal and producing text-books,
rather than with practical chemistry. The journal
was entitled : Allgemeines Journal der Chemie,
1798-1803, 10 vols. , 8°, and it was continued by
Gehlen in the Neues Allgemeine Journal der
Chemie, 1803-1806, 6 vols., and the Journal fur
Chemie, Physik, und Mineralogie, 1806-1810, 9
vols.
In 1800 he was appointed ordinary professor of
physics at Halle, and published, by Cotta at
Tubingen, his ' Grundriss der Chemie z\\ Vor-
lesungen,' which contains a very clear account of
the antiphlogistic system. Getting tired, however,
of the monotony of lecturing and the restriction of
the science to professorial work, he accepted the
managership of the great stone-ware factory of
Baron v. Eckartstein at Potsdam, from which for
the next two or three years through Scherer's many-
sided energy great works were turned out.
In 1803 he removed to Dorpat as professor of
chemistry with the rank of Russian Hofrath, but
the year following exchanged this post for the
professorship in the Medico-Chirurgical Academy
at St. Petersburg. Here he was held in great
esteem, he was made councillor of state, had the
orders of St. Vladimir of the fourth class, and of
St. Anne, of the second class, conferred on him, was
a member of the academy in 1815 (with a salary),
and held other offices, besides being a member of
many learned and scientific societies in Europe.
In winter he gave lectures on chemistry and
physics which were well attended. He edited
various journals : Archiv fiir die theoretische
Chemie ; Nordische Blatter fur die Chemie ; All-
gemeine Nordische Annalen der Chemie, and
others ; founded the Pharmaceutical Society of St.
Petersburg, of which he remained president to the
end, and to the Codex Medicamentarius Europaeus
contributed an elaborate account of the compilers of
the Pharmacopoeias.
As will be seen he must have been a man of great
activity, and Merkel remarks how much he was
struck by his energy and vivacity. But, as these
qualities are apt to run into vehemence and aggres-
siveness, Scherer did not want for enemies, and he
lost thereby offices and emoluments. He was
specially disappointed that he did not obtain the
commission to investigate and report on the mineral
waters of the Caucasus after he had been appointed
to it, and that one of his own pupils, Neljulin, was
sent instead. On account of ill health he was
obliged to resign his post in the Medico-chirurgical
Academy, and this vacancy was also filled by Nel-
julin on his return.
Scherer died 28 Oct., 1824, at St. Petersburg, of
inflammation of the liver.
Schmidt summarises his work in these words :
' He had learned much, but established little, be-
334
SCHERER- SCHE UNEMANN
SCHERER (ALEXANDER NICOLAUS VON). Continued.
cause he was lacking in steadiness and perseverance;
he knew the ideal of the science, but never ap-
proached it, because so many things attracted him
into bypaths ; he had laboured, fought, wrestled
with wind and wave, but never came into port, and
he found rest only at his death.'
In the short notices of his contemporaries Merkel
devotes a paragraph to Scherer. He says Scherer
had raised himself from crushing poverty by dogged
perseverance and determination, and at the age of
23 had acquired the degree of Ph. D. at Jena) and
published ' Versuch einer popularen Chemie ' and
' Grundziige der neuen chemischen Theorie,' which
were well received, and gave lectures which proved
so attractive that some college trouble was raised
by his old teacher, who found himself outstripped
in some respects. A couple of years later Scherer
was able, by having his expenses defrayed for him, to
visit England in order to extend his knowledge for
the benefit of manufactures and mining in his own
country. In Riga Merkel had seen Scherer once
or twice, but in Jena he saw more of him, and
was pleased with his careful preparation for his
lectures and his experiments, which attracted the
attention even of Alexander von Humboldt.
Later on he became better acquainted with him
at Weimar, and they afterwards went together on a
pedestrian excursion to the Brocken.
In 1824, when Merkel heard of Scherer' s death, he
was amused to see a quotation from his own
semi-romance: 'Eine Reisegeschichte,' inserted in
Scherer's obituary as a contribution to his biography.
The quotation is a bit of romantic fiction, like all the
little adventures in the book, and has nothing to do
with Scherer, except that by previous arrangement
they met at Wernigerode to wander in the Harz,
and that Scherer went from there to England.
Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon
der jetztlebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1798, vii.
p. 104 ; 1803, x. p. 567 ; 1805, xi. p. 664 ; 1811, xv.
p. 291 ; 1825, xx. p. 91.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 289,
309, 320, 346, 353, 356, 542, 543, 630, 658, 668.
Friedrich August Schmidt, Neuer Nekrolog der
Deutschen, Zweiter Jahrgang, 1824, Ilmenau, 1826,
pp. 1208-11.
v. Recke und Napiersky, Allgemeines Schrift-
steller- und Gelehrten-Lexikon der Provinzen Liv-
land, Esthland und Kurland, Mitau, 1832, iv. pp.
53-57 (and references).
G. Merkel, Darstellungen und Charakteristiken
aus meinem Leben, Leipzig, Riga und Mitau, 1839-
40, ii. pp. 144-147-
Dictionnaire Encyclope"dique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, seme Serie, 1879, vii. p. 434.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1890, xxxi. pp.
99-102 (by L. Stieda).
SCHEUNEMANN (HENNING).
Spagyrische Geheimniisse.
See TENTZEL (ANDREAS), Chymisch-Spagirische Artzney-Kunst, 1736.
Scheunemann lived at the end of the sixteenth
and beginning of the seventeenth century, and was
a physician at Halberstadt, at Bamberg, and at
Aschersleben, according to different authorities.
He is called a Rosicrucian, and was an admirer of
Paracelsus to such an extent that he believed he
had received his principles by divine revelation.
He wrote various books in illustration of Para-
celsus' doctrines, though he himself diverges from
them in many respects. An exposition of his
notions, in which he had some followers, is given
by Gustav Brunei.
' Fanaticus homo et Paracelsicus,' says Haller.
Sennertus, De Chymicorum cum Aristotelicis et
Galenicis Consensu ac Dissensu Liber, Wittebergae,
1629, pp. 34, 283-296, 316 ; 1655, ibid.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 194.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 208.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 390.
Barchusen, De Medicines Origine et Progressu
Dissertationes, Traj. ad Rh. , 1723, Dissertatio xx. ,
pp. 410-412.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 199.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1740,
p. 760.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 294.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
I7SI- P- 597-
Among his works are the following :
Medicina reformata. Sen Denarius Hermeticus
Philosophicus Medico-Chymicus ... In quo . . .
docetur, decem entibus omnium morborum radices,
productiones, transplantationes, astra, signa, indi-
cationes & curationes complen & absolui. 1617.
Francofurti, Typis & Impensis loannis Bringeri, 8°,
pp. 122 [2, 4 blank].
Paracelsia de Morbo Mercuriali contagioso . . .
Babenbergre, 1608, 4°.
Paracelsia de Morbo Sulphureo Cagastrico,
Francof., 1610, 8°.
Hydromantia Paracelsica, Francof., 1613, 4°.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 260.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
p. 403.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 519,
568.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii.
pp. 531-533.
Biographie Universelle, 1847, Supplement, Ixxxi.
p. 278 ; no date, xxxviii. p. 293 (article by Gustave
Brunei).
Morwilz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 279 ;
1849, ii. p. 168.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaro/, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1640.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 649.
SCffLEERN— SCHLOSSER 335
SCHLEERN (HERMANN).
Solutiones Chemicae Hermann! Schleern, Lycopolitani Hessi Philosophise, qu§
proprie nominatur, Studiosi. Contra Conradi Schuleri, de Lapide seu
Auro, quod dicitur, Philosophorum editas ante hac chartas ; praesertim
plumbi sectatoribus oppositas.
Ars vera in cognitione (influentiae) Solis & Lunae.
Marpurgi Cattorum, Ex officina Rodolphi Hutvvelckeri, Anno MDCXII.
8°- PP- 55 [i blank].
This author is quoted by Van der Linden and his Gmelin. Lenglet Dufresnoy calls him Schlern. See
successors, but Borel has somehow altered his name the note under Conrad SCHULEK.
to Schleron, and this error has been copied by
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Mangel, Bibliotheca Scrip torum Mtdicorum,
1637, p. 201. 1731. II. ». P- 200.
Borel, Bibliotheca CAimita, 1654, p. 208. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Mercklin, Lindenius renovalus, 1686, p. 410. Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 295.
Gmelin, Geschichte der CAemie, 1797, i. p. 514.
SCHLITTE (CARL GOTTLIEB).
Quaestio an Alchimistae sint in Republica tolerandi ?
See BUDDEUS (JOHANN FRANZ), 1702.
SCHLOSSER (JOHANNES ALBERTUS).
Specimen Chemico Medicum Inaugurate de Sale Urinae Humanae Native.
Quam, Annuente Deo Ter Opt. Max. ex Auctoritate Magnifici Rectoris,
D. Andreae Weis, Philosophiae et Juris Utriusque Doctoris, nee non Juris
Publici et Privati in Academia Lugduno-Batava Professoris Ordinarii, nee
non Amplissimi Senatus Academici Consensu, & Nobilissimae Facultatis
Medicae Decreto, pro Gradu Doctoratus, Summisque in Medicina Honoribus
et Privilegiis, rite ac legitime consequendis, Eruditorum Examini submittit
Joh. Albertus Schlosser, Ultrajectinus. Ad diem 12 Junii 1753, hora locoque
solitis.
Multum egerunt qui ante nos fuerunt, sed non peregerunt, suspiciendi
tamen sunt, & ritu deorum colendi.
Seneca Epist. 64. ad Lucilium.
Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Georgium Wishoff, et Quirinum Visser, 1753.
4°. Pp. [4] 26 [i, i blank].
Schlosser, Gmelin says, was a German by birth, lie trees' in the Vtrhandelingen of the Flushing
but I have not found any particulars about his life. Society, i. pp. 138-152, on the action of lime on the
He seems, however, to have lived in Holland and volatile alkali, Phil. Trans., xlix. P. i, p. 222, and
to have written his papers in Dutch. one translated into German in Crell's Chemisches
Hnller quotes the above academic dissertation Journal, vi. p. 89. In the above experiment he
and so does Gmelin, but he gives the date 1743, obtained a saline residue of 10 scruples by evapora-
which is obviously a misprint. By Gmelin also are tion of a pound of liquid, and from it extracted a
enumerated other tracts by Schlosser : as on ' metal- true sea salt, ammoniacal spirit and a lixivial salt.
Portal, Histoire de V Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 466,
1770, v. p. 520. 554.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 460. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 667 (the
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 414. above thesis is the only item mentioned).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 494.
336 SCHLUSSEL— SCHMID
SCHLUSSEL.
See also CLAVIS.
Schliissel zu dem Cabinet der geheimen Schatz-Kammer der Natur.
See w. (D. i.).
Der Schliissel der Schatze.
See CLAVIS thesaurorum.
Schliifsel der wahren Weisheit, unter einem Gesprach eines wohlerfahrnen
Sophisten mit der Weisheit in dreyen Theilen mit einem Supplement,
worinn das ganze mineralische, animalische, vegetabilische und astralische
Reich aufgeschlofsen, und J. G. Toeltii coelum reseratum chymicum von
Capitel zu Capitel ausgelegt und erlautert wird. Zum erstenmal mit der
grofsten Genauigkeit und Auflosung aller nur zum Irrthum Anlafs gebenden
chymischen Zeichen und Abkiirzungen zum Druck befordert. Leipzig,
bey Adam Friedrich Bohmen, 1787.
8°. Pp. viii, 440.
For alchemical books having the name ' Clavis' or ' Schliissel,' see Kopp. He does not mention the
above, but Ladrague does.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 363-364.
Secretes, 1870, Nos, 1573-76.
Schliissel zur wahren Weisheit.
See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1785, iii. p. 3.
SCHMAKENRINCK (CHRISTIAN).
Particulare ex Secretis Domi. Jacobi Albert.
See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 268.
SCHMID (JOHANN GEORG).
Der von Mose u. denen Propheten iibel urtheilende Alchymist, wird fiirgestellet
in einer Schrifft-gemassen Erweisung, dafs Moses und einige Propheten,
wie auch David, Salomon, Hiob, Esra und dergleichen, keine Adepti
Lapidis Philosophorum gewesen sind; Ingleichen dafs die Lehre und
alchymistisch Vorgeben, von Verwandlung der geringen Metalle in Gold,
eine lautere Phantasie und schadliche Einbildung sey; Von einem Lieb-
haber der Wahrheit, der sich trostet, dafs der Allmachtige sein Gold sey,
Hiob XX. v. 25. und nichts Jm Golde Sucht Chemnitz, bey Conrad
Stosseln, 1706.
8°. Pp. [2] 144. Title red and black. Wants a frontispiece ?
This little tract is an adverse criticism of the The only person of this name who would be
alchemists. It is quoted by Gmelin, but he gives likely to pen such a disquisition as the present
the name as B. J. Schmid, which does not was Johann Georg Schmid, for fifty years pastor at
correspond with the pseudonym ' Jm Golde Sucht.' Nesselbach, and senior of the chapter of Neustadt
In this form Kopp in his Beilrdge followed Gmelin, on the Aysch. He was born at Marck-Dachsbach,
but he afterwards gave the name correctly in Die 28 Dec., 1745, and coming into the world during the
Alchemie. The above author is not to be confused Thirty Years' War, and his native district having
with Johann Heinrich Schmidt, better known as been sacked and burned for the second time, he
Hermann Fictuld. was sent off to a place of safety, but those in charge
SCHMID—SCHMUCK
337
SCHMID (JOHANN GEORG). Continued.
of him falling into the hands of a foraging band, it
was proposed to put him under the ice and it was
with difficulty he was saved from this fate. When
he grew up he studied at Wittenberg, and took
there the degree of Magister, then preached for
some time at Niirnberg, travelled in the Nether-
lands, and became assistant to the pastor of Nessel-
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxv. col. 403.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1779, iii.
p. 417. (This is a J. Georg Schmidt who wrote
' De ileo,' Leid., 1677, 4° '• but he seems to be a
different person.)
bach in 1671, and pastor in 1673. In 1681, long
before his death, he had another narrow escape from
being killed. He was run over by a cart laden with
sixteen casks of wine, without being much the
worse, for he lived forty years after the accident.
His death took place 5 Dec., 1721.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 292.
Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869,
ii. p. 472, note an.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 209; ii. p. 395.
SCHMID (RUDOLPH JOHANN FRIEDRICH).
Enchiridion Alchymico-Physicum sive Disquisitio de Menstruis Universalibus
vel Liquoribus Alchahestinis Philosophorum illorum aeque ac Tincturae et
Lapidis Philosophorum nee non viarum ad Tincturam Metallorum ducentium
distinctam cognitionem generatim suppeditans, et hoc modo totius Philosophise
Pyrotechnics Fundamenta Philosophorum Auctoritate, Experientia, pariter
et firmissimis Rationibus fulta ante Oculos ponens in Philochimicorum
Gratiam non minus ac Pyrosophiae Secretioris Incrementum adornatum atque
editum a Rud. Jo. Frid. Schmidio Medicinae Doctore & Practice. Jenae
Ex officina Buchiana. 1739.
8°. Pp. [18] 155 [5]. Title red and black, frontispiece.
At the end is ' Epistola Jo. Trithemii Abbatis ad Germanum de Ganay data." The edition quoted by
Gmelin had the date 1740.
Uber die allgemeine Auflosungsmittel.
See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1784, i. p. I.
This is a German translation of the preceding
book with a few notes by the editor. He gives it
very great praise ' ' for the light it throws on an
important part of the higher Chemistry." Semler,
however, expresses doubt regarding the Egyptian
origin of the alchahest.
Schmid was born at Celle in the Duchy of
Liineburg, and was councillor, aulicus and chief
Btichner, Academiae . . . Naturae Curiosorum
Historia, 1755, p. 513, No. 552.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen surHistorie der
Rosenkreiiser, 1788, iii. p. 40.
physician of the Landgrave of Hesse-Darm-
stadt.
He was received into the Academia Naturae
Curiosorum, 12 May, 1748, with the name Morienus.
There is no statement of the date of his death,
but he was in practice in Hamburg in 1755.
Starkey wrote a small tract on the Alchahest,
afterwards published by J. Astell, in 1675.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 327
(' Enchiridion Alchymico-physicum ').
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 544.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1420.
SCHMIDT (JOHANN HEINRICH).
See FICTULD (HERMANN).
The J. Heinrich Schmidt quoted by Haller Altdorf, 1685, 4°, is almost certainly a different
(Bibliotheca Medicines practica, 1779, iii. p. 645) person from Fictuld,
as the author of a dissertation ' de Febre petechiali,'
SCHMUCK (MARTIN).
De occulta Magico-Magnetica Morborum quorundam curatione naturali, Trac-
tatus, Das ist : Wie man auff verborgene natiirliche Weise, durch angehenckte
Aufflegungen, Fortpflanzung in Baume vnd Thiere, auch andere Magische
Art, vielerley Kranckheiten verhiiten, vertreiben und heylen soil. Ein
II. Y
338 SCHMUCK
SCHMUCK (MARTIN). Continued.
kurtzes Tractatlein. Darinnen mancherley Geheimnusse der Natur, so
noch nicht an Tag kommen, offenbaret werden, Durch L. M. S. L.
Gedruckt vnd verlegt zu Niirnberg, bey Jeremia Diimlern, 1652.
8°. Pp. [2] 76. L. M. S. L. stands for : Licent. Martin Schmuck Lips.
According to Nopitsch, this book was first published in 1636, 8°.
Secretorum Naturalium, Chymicorum & Medicorum, Thesauriolus, oder Schatz-
kastlein, darinnen 20. Natiirliche, 20. Chymische, und 20. Medicinische
Secreta, und Kunststiicklein zu befinden. Durch vielfaltige Raisen, Miihe,
und Gefahr colligiret, und an Tag gegeben, von Martino Schmucken,
Lipsensi, der Artzney Licentiate. Gedruckt und verlegt zu Niirnberg,
bey Jeremia Diimlern, 1652.
8°. Pp. 79 [i blank].
Thesaurioli, Secretorum Naturalium, Chymicorum & Medicorum, Pars Altera
oder Ander Theil, defs Schatz Kastleins, darinnen abermals 20 Natiirliche, 20
Chymische, vnd 20 Medicinische Secreta, vnd Kunststiicklein zu befinden . . .
MDCLIII.
8°. Pp. [8] 103 [i blank]. 3 woodcuts.
According to Nopitsch, the first part of the second part at Niirnberg, 1637, 8°, and then the
' Thesauriolus ' was ' erstlich gedruckt zu Schleu- two parts together at Niirnberg, 1652, 8°.
singen durch P. S. Ira. Jahr 1637, 8°;' the
Martini Schmuckens, Lipsiensis, Med. Licentiati, Wohlangerichtetes /Erarium
Chymicum oder reichlich vermehrte Chymische Schatz-Kammer, darinnen
100. schoner, niitz- und ergetzlicher Secretorum Chymicorum, oder Chymischer
Kunst-Processe, meinst auf Gold, Silber und fiirtreffliche Medicinen ein-
gerichtet, enthalten, derer theils aus seinen beyden Thesauriolis, theils aber
aus seinen hinterlassenen und andern manuscripts mit Fleifs, zu Dienst
der heutigen curieusen Welt, absonderlich colligiret und zum Druck
befordert von einem Freunde der Kiinste. Bey Salomon Reyhern,
Buchh. in Gotha, Miihlhausen, druckts J. C. Bruckner, 1686.
12°. Pp. [1-8] 9-198. Index, etc. [15, 3 blank].
Martin Schmuck, one of a family of eleven, was Land-Physicus there from 1636 to 1640, for, on
the son of Dr. Vincenz Schmuck, a theologian and March 3, 1637, he was living at Nurnberg, as can
professor at Leipzig, and his wife Katherine Reib- be gathered from the preface to Th. ii. of his
andin, and was born shortly before the close of the ' Thesauriolus.'
sixteenth century. In 1626 he sustained at Leipzig The above works seem to be all that he pub-
under Joh. Rupert Sultzberger a thesis ' De calculo lished.
renumet vesicae,' by which he received the licentiate- According to a different version Schmuck was a
ship in medicine. Freher says that he practised for chemist who was living in Niirnberg about 1652,
several years at Hersbruck, a place in the Nurnberg but Will could find no trace of such a person and
district, and died there in 1640. Nopitsch, however, preferred to accept Freher's account.
points out that he cannot well have been Stadt- and
Freher, Theatrum virontm eruditione clarorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
1688, p. 438. p. 634 (calls him Schmucker).
Waldau, Geschichte von Hersbruck, p. 71. (I Gmelin, GeschicMe der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 567,
have not seen this.) 660.
JOcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. Poggendorff, Biographisch-litcrarisches Hand-
col. 308. worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 823.
Georg Andreas Will, NUrnbergisches Gelehrten- Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi-
Lexicon, 1757, iii. p. 549 ; 1806, viii. (C. C. cales, 3eme SeYie, 1879, vii. p. 488.
Nopitsch, Vierter Supplementband], p. 108. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
Matthke, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- den Aerste alter Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 250.
logicus, 1761, pp. 471, 573.
SCHNEEBERGK—SCHOTT 339
SCHNEEBERGK (ISRAEL HIEBNER VON).
Mysterium Sigillorum, Herbarum & Lapidum. Oder : Vollkomene Cur und
Heilung aller Kranckheiten Schaden und Leibes- auch Gemiiths-Be-
schwerungen durch unterschiedliche Mittel ohne Einnehmung der Artzeney.
In 4. Classen ordentlich abgetheilet, Als :
I. Erste Cur und Heilung durch die himmlische Influenz mit Hiilff
der Krauter und Wurtzeln.
II. Zweydte Cur und Heilung durch die himlische Influenz aus den
Metallen und Steinen mit Hiilffe der 7. Sigillen.
III. Dritte und zwar Summarische vollige Cur und Heilung durch die
Zusammensetzung der 7. Metallen und Sigillen.
IV. Vierdte Cur and Heilung aller menschlichen Laster und Gebrechen.
Joh. Arndt. Was konnen die Sterne darzu dafs die Astronomi ihre
Influentz und Wirkung nicht besser wissen, was konen die Krauter
darzu, dafs die Medici ihre Natur und Krafft nicht besser
verstehen ?
Matth. am 10. Es ist nichts bedeckt, dafs nicht werde entdeckt
werden, noch verborgen das man nicht wissen werde.
Mit beygefiigten Figuren und Kupfferstiicken, auch gantzem Grund dieses
Astronomisch- und himmlischen Processus. Durch Israel Hiebnern von
Schneebergk, Mathematicum bey der uhralten Universitat zu Erffurdt.
In Verlegung Johann Caspar Birckners Buchhandlers. 1696.
4°. Pp. [2] 166 [31, i blank]. Vignette of Mercury with Caduceus and Key.
SCHONES (Ein) Gedicht de Saturno Philosophorum.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, 1598, Tractatus iii. p. 197.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Primi Tomi,
P- 346.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 310.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 346.
SCHOLA HERMETICA.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, Pars ii., 1682, p. 77.
SCHOTT (CASPAR).
loco-Seriorum Naturae et Artis, sine Magiae Naturalis Centurise Tres Auctore
Aspasio Caramuelio accessit diattibe (sic) de prodigiosis Crucibus.
No place, date or printer.
4°. Pp. [12] 363 [i blank]. The title-page is engraved with tropliies, Hercules,
Mercury, etc. 22 plates of apparatus and experiments. Plates XI. and XIII. are
dated 1662, but by the chronogram at the end of the address to the reader the date ig
1665.
340 SCHOTT
SCHOTT (CASPAR). Continued.
The author (p. 272) refers to " Cryptographia res alias, non pridem post ultimum incendium
nostra," in Book I. of Part iv. of the Magia. This Vesuvij Montis, Neapoli comparuerunt.
is a proof that the book is by Caspar Schott, and The presence of this tract has led to the ascrip-
that Aspasius Caramuelius is a pseudonym. tion of the whole work to Kircher.
At the end, p. 307 : In this and the following works, Schott has
Athanasii Kircheri . . . Diatribe de prodigiosis described a great number of ingenious tricks and
Crucibus, quae tam supra vestes hominum, quam devices.
P. Gasparis Schotti Regis-Curiani, e Societate Jesu. Olim in Panormitano
Sicilise, nunc in Herbipolitano Franconiae Gymnasio ejusdem Societatis
Jesu Matheseos Professoris Magia Universalis Naturae et Artis, sive Recon-
dita Naturalium & Artificialium rerum Scientia, cujus Ope per variam
Applicationem activorum cum passivis, admirandorum effectuum Spectacula,
abditarumque inventionum Miracula ad varies humanae vitae usus erunntur
(sic). Opus Quadripartitum. Continet
Pars I. Optica. III. Mathematica.
II. Acoustica. IV. Physica.
Singularum Epitomen sequens Prsefatio obiter, accuratius verb uniuscujusque
peculiare Praeloquium exponit. Cum Figuris ^ri incisis, et Privilegio
Sacrae Caesareae Majestatis. Bambergae, Sumpt. Job. Martini Schon-
wetteri, Bibliopolse Francofurtensis. M.DC.LXXVII.
4°. I. Pp. [8, engraved title included] 538. Index [13, i]. 25 engraved plates.
Pars II. 1674. Pp. [243432. Index [10, 3, i blank]. Engraved title extra. 31(32)
plates.
Pars III. 1677. Pp. [22] 732. Index [u, i]. Engraved title extra. 21 plates.
Pars IV. 1677. Pp. [32] 670 [i, i blank]. Index [15, i blank]. Engraved title
extra. 13 plates.
P. Gasparis Schotti. Regis Curiani e Societate Jesu, olim in Panormitano
Siciliae, nunc in Herbipolitano Franconiae Gymnasio ejusdem Societatis
Jesu Matheseos Professoris, Physica Curiosa, sive Mirabilia Naturae et
Artis Libris XII. comprehensa, quibus pleraque, quae de Angelis, Daemonibus,
Hominibus, Spectris, Energumenis, Monstris, Portentis, Animalibus, Meteoris,
&c. rara, arcana, curiosaq'; circumferuntur, ad Veritatis trutinam expenduntur,
variis ex Historia ac Philosophia petitis disquisitionibus excutiuntur, &
innumeris exemplis illustrantur. Ad Serenissimum ac Potentissimum Prin-
cipem Carolum Ludovicum, S. R. I. Electorem, &c. Cum figHris aeri
incisis, & Privilegio. Editio altera auction Herbipoli, Sumptibus Johannis
Andreae Endteri & Wolfgangi Jun. Haeredum. Excudebat Jobus Hertz
Typographus Herbipol. Anno M.DC.LXVII.
Prostant Norimbergae apud dictos Endteros.
4°. Pp. [56, engraved title included] 1389 [23]. Title red and black. 61 en-
graved plates.
Schott was born in 1608 at Konigshofen, near taught mathematics, became Confessor of the
Wiirtzburg, entered the Jesuit order in 1627, and Prince, and died there in May, 1666. He wrote
went to Palermo, where he taught ethics and mathe- numerous books connected with mathematics and
maticsfor some years. He returned to Wiirtzburg, physics, or so-called natural magic.
SCHOTT—SCHREITTMANN 341
SCHOTT (CASPAR). Continued.
Sotvellus, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu Gmelin, Geschicktc der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 741,
opus inclwatum a R. P. Petro Ribadeneira, . . . 743.
continuatum a R. P. Philippo Alegambe ... L. M. Chaudon & F. A. Delandine, Nouveau
recognition, . . . a Nathanaele Sotvello, 1676, p. 282. Dictlonnnire Historique, 8th ed., Lyon, An. xii.
Konig, Bibliotheca veins et nova, 1678, p. 738. 1804, xi. p. 184.
Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. Xxx Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 72.
3 recto, 22 May, 1666. Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors, ii.
Fabricius, Histories Bibliotheca Fabriciantz Pars 838 o.
V., 1722, p. 531. Biographic Universelle, 1825, xii. p. 231 ; no
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 465 & passim. date, xxxviii. p. 428 ('without doubt one of the
Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der philosophischeu most learned men of his epoch').
Historic, 1736, vii. p. 778. Backer, Bibliotheque des Acrivains de la Coin-
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic pagnie de Jesus, 1853, Premiere Serie, pp. 727-733.
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 295. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxv. col. 1036. worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 838.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. Nouvelle Biographic Genlrale, 1864, xliii. col. 587.
col. 340. Ferguson, ' Bibliographical Notes on ... Books
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 524. of Secrets,' in Transactions of the Glasgow Archeeo-
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 526 logical Society, 1883, ii. p. 193.
(physiological and anatomical observations in his Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 713.
Technica curiosa, Herbipol., 1664, 1667, 1687, 4°). Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1892, xxxiv.
Mercier de St. Le'ger, Notice raisonnte des Guv- p. 739.
rages de Gaspard Schott, Paris, 1785, 8°, pp. 108. Carlos Sommervogel, Bibliotheque de la Cotn-
Bougine", Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar- pagnie de Jtsus, Bibliographic, 1896, vii. cols. 904-
geschichte, 1790, iii. p. 161. 911 ; 1900, ix. col. 847.
SCHREIBEN an die Gold-begierigen Liebhaber der Chymie und Alchymie,
worinnen ihnen wohlmeinend durch ein und andere in der gesunden
Vernunft und Experience gegriindeter Beweifs Ursachen, und Widerlegungen
abgerathen wird, dieser Kunst nicht langer nachzuhangen, um sich nicht in
das ausserste Elend zu stiirzen, durch einen wahren Verehrer der Wahrheit,
und aufrichtigen Liebhaber seines Nachstens.
Wer das Abysinische Alphabet kennet, kennet meinen Namen.
rYA.A.
Frankfurt und Leipzig, Zu finden im Kraufsischen Buchladen, 1770.
8°. Pp. 190 [2 blank].
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1492.
SCHREITTMANN (CiRiACUs).
Probierbiichlin. Frembde vnd subtile Kiinst, vormals im Truck nie gesehen,
von Woge vnd Gewicht, auch von allerhandt Proben, auff Ertz, Golt,
Silber, vnd andere Methall, &c. Niitzlich vnd gut alien denen so mit
subtilen Kiinsten der Bergkwerck vmbgehen. Uurch Ciriacum Schreittmann.
Cum Gratia & Priuilegio Imperiali. Franckf. Bey Chri. Egen. Erben.
1580.
8°. Ff. [8] 86 [i, x blank]. Title red and black. The vignette is a balance. 18
woodcuts in the text. Colophon : Getruckt zu Franckfort am Mayn, bey Christian
EgenolfFs Erben, In verlegung Adami Loniceri, Johannis Cnipij, Doctor, vnd Pauli
Stein meyers, Jni jar nach der Geburt Christi vnsers Erlbsers. M.D.LXXX.
This is a work on the dry assay ot gold and balance and weights which is very minute and
silver. The first half of the book is taken up with careful, the second treats of furnaces, muffles and
a description of the construction and use of the materials, and the last part contains the_operations.
[Another Copy.]
342
SCHRODERUS— SCHRODER
SCHRODERUS (ARNOLDUS).
See SCHRODER (ARNOLD).
SCHRODER (ARNOLD).
Defensio Animadversionum et Notarum Viri Clarissimi Petri Laurembergii,
in Aphorismos Chymiatricos Angeli Salae, opposita Responsioni Anton:
Gunther Billich, Caculae Militaris Profugi : In qua pueriles & misene
illius objectiones refelluntur, fatuitas hominis detegitur, stulto pro stultitia
respondetur, & demum veritas animadversionum Laurembergianarum asseritur,
& vindicatur, Auctore Arnoldo Schrodero Francofurtensi, Poliatro Neoburgico
Anno ^Erae Christianas, clo loc xxiv.
4°. Pp. 159 [i blank]. Kopp says it was printed at Marburg.
He wrote another book : Bonum factum, Flabel- Billichius dispellitur, & abigitur in auras per dictum
lum, quo Fumus Chymicus, & Cinis Contumeliarum, Schroderum : Additis Assertionibus Chymicis Anti-
„..„„, ;„ «,I,,~,K; *...* c.,ii — , A™™.: . — :.„..;. Billichianis, Sine npminatione loci, ubi, & apud
quern prostet, 1625, in 4. This I have not seen.
See also BILLICH (Anton Gunther).
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1777, ii.
P. 53i-
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 334 (see his
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, note on the coarse part played by Schroder in this
quem in elumbi sua Sylloge Assertionum excitavit,
& Medico ac Philosopho celeberrimo, Petro Laur-
embergio, afflare conatus est Anton. Gunther.
Van der Linden, De Scriplis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 91 (reply to Billichius against Sala).
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 89.
1731, II. ii. p. 220.
dispute with Billichius).
SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEF WILHELM).
Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek fur den Naturkundiger unsers Jahrhunderts
ausgesucht. Erster Band, welcher die zwey ersten Sammlungen enthalt.
Frankfurt und Leipzig, bey Heinrich Ludwig Bronner, 1772.
8°. Pp. [2] 158 [2], Contains Bd. I. Stiick 2, Sebald Schwarzers Metallver-
wandlungs-Kumte only. A fragment.
Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek fur den Naturkundiger unsers Jahrhunderts
ausgesucht und herausgegeben von S. Erstes Stiick. Franckfurt und
Leipzig, bey Heinrich Ludwig Bronner, 1771.
8°. Pp. [12] 260.
Zweyte Sammlung, 1772. Pp. [8] 314. Index, etc. [25, i blank].
Des Zweytwn Bands Erste Sammlung, 1773. Pp. [8] 424.
Des Zwey ten Bands Zweyte Sammlung, 1774. Pp. [6] 258. Index, &c. [30].
The contents of this collection are as follows :
VOL. I. PART i.
I. Edmund Dickinson. Schreiben an Herrn
Theodor Mundan von der Goldkunst, oder Quint-
essenz der Filosofen, 1771, I. i. p. i.
II. Theodor Mundan. Antwort auf vorherge-
hendes Schreiben, I. i. p. 115.
III. R. E. J. D., Elias der Artist, eine Abhandlung
von der kunstlichen Metallverwandlung, I. i. p. 181.
VOL. I. PART ii.
I. Sebald Schwarzers und einige andere Metall-
verwandlungskiinstc, mil allgemeinen filosofischen
Anmerkungen begleitet von W., 1772, I. ii. p. i.
II. Ferrarius. Chymische Abhandlung fiir den
Pabst . . . zum erstenmal erganzet und in Druck
gegeben zu Geismar in Jahre 1647 von L. C., I. ii.
P- 159-
III. Das Bach von den Anfangen der Natur und
chymischen Kunst, I. ii. p. 237.
IV. Kornelius Drebbel. Abhandlung von der
Quintessenz ; von Joachim Morsius herausgegeben
im Jahre 1621, I. ii. p. 391.
SCHRODER
343
SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEF WILHELM). Continued.
VOL. II. PART i.
I. Gabriel Clauder. Abhandlung vom Uni-
versalstein . . ., 1773, II. i. p. i.
II. Claude Germain. Abbildung der geheimen
Filosofie, II. i. p. 280.
III. Zwey alte Denkmaale Deutscher Filosofen,
u. s. f. Der erste Tractat : Eine wahrhaftige
Lehre der Filosofie von Gebahrung der Metalle
und ihrem rechten Beginne, II. i. p. 345.
IV. Der andere Tractat: Reime von der geheimen
Filosofie der Chymisten, mit Anmerkungen aufs
neue herausgegeben von R. . . ., II. i. p. 379.
Schroder was born 19 March, 1733, at Bilefeld
in the County of Ravensburg, where his father was
royal Landrichter and a Burgermeister ; his mother
belonged to Wernigerode. When he was quite a
child his father removed to Wernigerode, and died
there shortly afterwards. The boy was brought up
by the Wernigerode Leib-Arzt, Johann Christoph
Unzer, and to the age of 16 was instructed by a
tutor, Bernrodt, who first awakened in him a taste
for medicine and the natural sciences. His boy-
hood was passed with little interruption in reading
and study, and he went very soon to the University
of Halle, in 1750.
There he studied philosophy and medicine, and
he himself describes his doubts and his difficulties
in reconciling the opposite theories he heard de-
livered, and his want of confidence in entering on
medical practice. He was disposed almost to
throw up the study of it altogether, but, feeling that
it was now too late to pursue philosophy, theology
and belles lettres, he turned to medicine once more,
and went to Erlangen. There he attended the
courses of Delius and got some enlightenment on
points which had been obscure to him, and had the
benefit also of instruction from Schmiedel and
Succow, but he was still alive to the shortcomings
of medicine, and the uncertainty of much of it.
After hard study and practice and the defence,
under Delius, of a thesis ' De Taraxaco, ' Erlangae,
1754, 4°, he made a prolonged tour in Saxony and
the Harz, and finally arrived at Wernigerode,
where he became assistant to Dr. Unzer, his step-
father. He was disappointed to find that he did
not confirm his views about taraxacum ; he tried it,
however, on an ascitic case, which was cured in
fourteen days.
At this time his leisure was spent in finishing a
volume of poetry, which was published afterwards
in 1759.
In 1755 he settled at Cassel and m the year
following was appointed physician at the Springs
of Hofgeismar and to the district of Diemel, where
he spent with advantage the war years that ensued.
Gir. Curtius, Memoria Frid. Jos. Guil. Schroe-
deri (quoted by Strieder, but I have not seen it).
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 126.
E. G. Baldinger, Biographien jetstlebender Aerzle
mid Naturforscherin undausser Deutschland, 1772,
Bd. i. (Stiick 2, 1770), pp. 223-250 (quotes nothing
alchemical).
llaller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 577
(author of ' De splenis usu,' Wolferbyti, 1761, 8°,
' singularis liber, ' and other books, but Haller
makes no allusion to his alchemy).
Joh. Christian Wiegleb, Historisch-kritische Un-
ier sue hung der Akhemie, 1777, pp. 86, 350 (review
of the above book and criticism of Schroder's
opinions).
VOL. II. PART ii.
I. Josephus Westpbalus. Von der Goldtinctur
der Weisen aus den Metallen mit Anmerkungen
von F., 1774, II. ii. p. i.
II. Petrus de Zalento (al. Silentinus). Vommetal-
lischen Kunststucke der Weisen ubersetzt und mit
Anmerkungen begleitet von J., II. ii. p. 131.
III. Roger Bacon. Alchymeyspiegel, Il.ii. p. 167.
IV. Avicenna, Kleines Biichelchen vom mineral-
ischen Steine, II. ii. p. 193.
He made the acquaintance of many people, effected
many cures, and engaged in chemical experiments
with the waters (Strieder, p. 286).
On 24 February, 1762, from Erlangen, he ob-
tained in absentia the degree of doctor of medicine,
and in 1764 was appointed second ordinary pro-
fessor of medicine at Marburg.
From his youth up, Schroder was of weak con-
stitution, but at the end his health was still more
impaired, partly by his chemical and alchemical
experiments, partly by his overstrained phantasy
inducing mental suffering, and it was said of him
that ' he was a man whose brain was on fire with
alchemy and whose passions for paradox had made
him crazy.' He proclaimed himself a true Rosi-
crucian, though no longer in touch with the chief
of the Order.
He died 27 October, 1778.
His works are partly literary, partly medical,
partly alchemical. The last may be mentioned :
Die vo'llig erbffnete Alchemic oder hohere Natur-
wissenschaft in einer deutlichen Anweisung, als ein
Anhang der neuen Alchemistischen Bibliothek,
Cassel, 1774, 8°.
Neue Sammlung der Bibliothek fiir die hohere
Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, Marburg & Leip-
zig, 1775-76, 8°, 2 vols. Vol. II. ii. is said to have
appeared after his death with his name. He was
attacked by Wiegleb in 1777, and the attack caused
Schroder many a bad hour ; had he lived he would
have replied to Wiegleb.
In the Beytrag it is said that the first collection
was not continued owing to the early death of the
editor. That can hardly be correct, for the Neue
Sammlung seems to have been published by
himself, and Gmelin refers to it as Schroder's.
De Alchemia Medicinae necessaria et medica-
rnento chemicorum panchristo Resp. (pro Gr. Dr. )
Henr. Ferd. Hoepfner, Misnio. Marburg, 1776,
4°-
Von den Salzen und dereu arzneylicheu Wirk-
ungen.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 674.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. p.
669.
Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelehr-
ten und SchriftstMcr Geschichte, Cassel, 1802, xiii.
pp. 277-312.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litieralur,
1806-08, p. 356.
Meusel, Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800
verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1812, xii.
pp. 446-449.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v.
p. 724.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Akhemie, 1832, p. 567.
344 SCHRODER
SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEF WILHELM). Continued.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mede- Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Medi-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 120. cales, 3eme Serie, 1879, vii. p. 535.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mfdicale, 1855, ii. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 91 ; ii. pp. 41,
p. 567. 97, 250, 279, 286, 341.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragen-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 343. den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 285.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 725 (' De
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 545, 595, 624-25. Taraxaco ').
SCHRODER (JOHANN).
Pharmacopoeia Medico-Chymica, sive Thesaurus Pharmacologicus, quo com-
posita quaeque celebriora; hinc Mineralia, Vegetabilia & Animalia Chymico-
Medice describuntur, atque insuper Principia Physicae Hermetico-Hippocraticae
candide exhibentur. Opus non minus utile Physicis quam Medicis : Editione
secunda correctius & auctius. Authore Johanne Schrodero, M.D. Reip.
Mceno-Francofurtanae, Physico Ordinario. Cum Privilegio S. Caesareae
Majestatis. Vlmae, Sumptibus Johannis Gerlini Bibliopola?. Anno
M DC XXXXIV.
4°. Pp. [86, 2 blank] 270, 172, 326 [30]. Extra engraved title : Portrait at the
top and an apothecary's shop ; at the sides a mine and a herb garden ; at the bottom a
landscape with beasts and an emblematic medallion with the motto : Ditabit Strvata
Fides.
The Compleat Chymical Dispensatory, in Five Books : Treating of all sorts
of Metals, Precious Stones, and Minerals, of all Vegetables and Animals,
and things that are taken from them, as Musk, Civet, &c. How rightly
to know them, and how they are to be used in Physick; with their
several Doses. The like Work never Extant before. Being very proper
for all Merchants, Druggists, Chirurgions, and Apothecaries ; and such
ingenious Persons as study Physick or Philosophy. Written in Latin, by
Dr. John Schroder, that most Famous and Faithful Chymist. And
Englished, by William Rowland, Dr. of Physick. Who Translated, Hippo-
crates, Riverius, Platerus, Sennertus, Rulandus, Crato, and Bartholinus.
London : Printed by John Darby, for Richard Chiswell, and Robert
Clavell, and are to be sold at the Sign of the Two Angels and Crown,
in Little Brittain. 1669.
Folio. Pp. [5, i blank] 545 [i blank]. Table [ii, i]. Pp. 285-384 are dropped,
so that the true pagination is 445.
The first edition of the ' Pharmacopoeia' appeared Copenhagen and in other Universities, and travelled
at Ulm, 1641, 4°. F. Hoffmann added notes to in France, Italy and Germany. After graduating
it and published it in the work : Clavis Pharma- he held the position of surgeon to the Swedish
ceutica, Halle, 1675, 4°. Mangel issued it under armies and physician to Field Marshal Horn. He
the title : Pharmacopoea Schrodero- Hoffmanniana, settled at Frankfurt a. M. of which he was phy-
Gerieva, 1684. It was translated into German and sician, and died 30 Jan., 1664.
published at Niirnberg, 1685, 4°. The ' Pharmacopoeia ' is commended by Boer-
Schroder also wrote : Quercetanus redivivus, hoc haave, though it gives evidence that the author was
est, ars medica dogmatico-hermetica, tribus tomis credulous, an empiric, and a partisan of the
digesta, Francof., 1648, 4°, 1667, 4°, 1679, 4°- chimaeras of alchemy, and it is criticised by
Schroder was born in 1600 at Salz-Urlen, in Schelhammer.
Westphalia. He studied medicine at Rostock,
SCHRODER— SCHULER
345
SCHRODER (JOHANN). Continued.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 678.
Conring, In Universani Artein Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, pp. 278 (Add. viii. 15. i), 391
(Add. xi. 12. 3), (presumably the same person as
the above).
Moller, Homonymo-Scopia, 1697, p. 76.
Reinimann, Einleitung in die Historiam liler-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 770.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriplorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 220.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der mcdicinischett
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 784.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelekrlen-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 768.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxv. col. 1120.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, p. 149.
Jbcher, Allgemeiues Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 356.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina; practices, 1777, ii.
p. 617 (list of his writings).
Eloy, Diclionnaire Hislorique de la Medecine,
1778, iv. p. 225.
Biographie Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 168.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
p. 289 (calls him Job. Christian Schroder).
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 843.
Diclionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1879, vii. p. 533.
Hirsch, Biographisches LtXtSm der kervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v.
p. 284.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1891, xxxii. p.
518 (by Pagel).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 725.
SCHRODER (WILHELM VON).
Wilhelm Freyh. von Schrodern Fiirstliche Schatz- und Rent-Kammer nebst
seinem Tractat vom Goldmachen wie auch vom Ministrissimo oder Ober-
Staats-Bedienten. Leipzig und Konigsberg, Verlegts Christoph Gottfried
Eckart. 1737-
8°. Pp. [32] 484. Index [n, i blank]. Folding table.
Unterricht vom Goldmachen denen Buccinatoribus oder so sich selbst nen-
nenden Foederatis Hermeticis auf ihre drey Episteln zur freundlichen
Nachricht Anno 1684.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i.
p. 219.
With this compare Johann Otto von Hellwig's
' Judicium de Duum-Viris Hermeticis Foederatis &
Baron von Schroder, or Schroter, of Salzburg,
was a doctor of laws, and Imperial Count Pala-
tine, aulic councillor of the Dukes of Saxony,
and director of the Gotha Consistory. He was
a legate to the Peace Congress at Osnabriick,
and ultimately chancellor and privy councillor.
Konig, Bibliotheca velus et nova, 1678, p. 739.
Witte, Diarii Biographici Tomtts Secundus,
Rigoe, 1691, p. 87.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriplorum Ckemicorum,
1697, p. 44, No. Ixxiii.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1731, Th. ii. p. 126.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hertnetique, 1742, iii. p. 339.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxv. col. 1269.
horum Epistola Buccinatoria Secunda ' in CHRIS-
TOPH VON HELLWIG'S Fasciculus, 1719.
He wrote ' Informatorium universi juris,' and
political works, as well as the above.
Fictuld seems to be in some confusion, for while
in Th. ii. p. 126, he calls him Wilhelm, he refers to
p. 85 (under Koschwitz (Georg Daniel) ), where he
calls him Johann.
Jocher, Allgemcines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 362.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 27.
Schmieder, Geschichte der A Ichemie, 1832, p. 438.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 216; ii. pp. 6,
332-
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1891, xxxii. pp.
530-33 (article by Marchet).
SCHULER (CONRAD).
Griindtliche Aufslegung vnd Warhaffte Erklarung der Rythmorum Fratris Basilii
Valentin! Monachi, Von der Materia, ihrer Geburt, Alter, Farb, Qualitet,
346
SCHULER—SCHUTTE
SCHULER (CONRAD). Continued.
vnd Namen, des grossen Steins der Vhralten Philosophen, Gefertigt durch
Conrad Schulern, Fiirstlichen Wiirttembergischen Obern Raht zu Stuttgart.
Ad Momum
ha ha he.
Rides me? Magis rideo te.
Spernis me? Magis sperno te.
Lachestu mein? Viel mehr ich dein.
Haltestu dann auch nichts von mir?
Viel weniger halt ich von dir.
Getruckt zu Tubingen, in der Cellischen Truckerey, Im Jar, 1606.
8°. Pp. 60. Printer's mark [i] [3 blank].
Aufslegung Rythmorum Basilii.
See MEISNER (LORENTZ), Gemma Gemmarum Alchimistarum, 1608.
Hermann Schleron or Schleern (</.v.), wrote a
criticism of Schiller's views : Solutiones chimicne
contra Conradum Schulerum de auro, seu de
Lapide Philosophico, Marpurg, 1612, 8°.
According to Pfaff, quoted by Kopp, Duke Fried-
rich of Wirtemberg was victimized by the alchem-
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 514.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 208.
Pfaff, Geschichte Wirtemdergs, Stuttgart, 1838,
III. i. p. 181.
ists he employed, and some at anyrate were
executed. The last of these cheats was Conrad
Schiller, or Schuler, who, however, was treated
with leniency. He was not apprehended till after
the Duke's death, and he got off with confiscation
of his property.
Ladrague, Biblioth'eque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 991.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 184 ; ii. pp.
33°, 374-
SCHUTTE (JOHANN HEINRICH).
Physicalische Nachricht vom Ursprunge der Mineralischen Wasser und den
Bestand-Theilen in dem Clevischen Sauer-Brunnen-Wasser.
See LINDE (DIEDERICH WESSEL), Griindliche Chemische Anmerkungen, 1746.
Johann Heinrich Schutte was born at Soest in
Westphalia, n June, 1694, studied medicine first
there and then at Gotha, Jena and Altdorf, and
after residence at the Universities of Leyden and
Utrecht, graduated at the latter place in 1719.
In 1720 he returned to Soest, but remained only
for a year, being invited by Count Heinrich Adolph
of Lippe, to reside at Vianen, as town-physician.
As this place is close to Utrecht, Schutte availed
himself of the opportunity for further study of
anatomy at the University. After three years he
left Holland, and after staying a short time at
Soest, settled at Cleve in 1725. In 1731 the
King of Prussia appointed him physician of the
baths at Schwelm, where he henceforward passed
the bathing-season every year, till 1740. In 1741
he discovered the mineral spring at Cleve, made a
study of its medicinal properties and published at
least three works about it from 1742 to 1744, two
of which were translated into Dutch.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 52.
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke, (1820-
25), vii. p. 171.
Dictionnaire Encyclopddique des Sciences Mt'di-
cales, 3eme Serie, 1879, vii. p. 570.
Haller quotes three disputations by J. Henr.
Schutte, two published in 1719 and one in 1765,
but the author seems to be a different person from
the present writer.
Billings places under Christianus Henricus
Schutte : De aquis medicatis, praesertim de fonte
medicato Clivensi, 48 pp., small 4°, Halle, typ. J. C.
Hendelii [1752], but neither does that seem to
correspond with the others, and he further draws
a distinction between him and Jo. Henricus
Schutte, and between this latter and Joh. Hendrik
Schutte, though they are certainly the same.
The British Museum does not contain this last
tract, and while the catalogue makes mention of
' Christoph Heinrich Schuette,' it does not contain
a 'Christian Heinrich Schuette.'
Apparently the treatises on the Cleve mineral
water are not in the Museum.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 291.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. pp. 736, 753
(Dutch translation).
SCHUTZE—SCHULTZ 347
SCHUTZE (JOHANN).
Ein altes, sehr schones und herrliches Tractatlein von dem Gebenedeyten
Stein, der uhralten VVeisen, worinnen gehandelt wird von desselben Materie,
Bereitung und hohen Tugenden und Wiirckungen, welcher gestalt zu dessen
mit volliger Erkandniis zugelangen, alles aufsfiihrlich und deutlich beschrieben,
und den Liebhabern der edlen Alchimie zu sonderbahren Gefallen an den
Tag gegeben, von Johann Schiitze. Hamburg, In Verlegung Job. Adolph
Hartels, Buchhandlers in St. Nicolaj Kirchen, 1682.
8°. Pp. no [2 blank]. Title red and black. Frontispiece (not included in the
pagination) in two compartments. 12 woodcuts.
SCHUTZEN-HOF.
See TEUTSCHEN (Der) Schiitzen-Hof.
SCHULTZ (GOTTFRIED).
I. N. J. Scrutinium Cinnabarinum seu Triga Cinnabriorum, qvse sistit
naturam Cinnabaris Antimonii nativse & factitiae vulgaris. Nee non Specific!
Cephalici (des rothen Hertz- und Haupt-Pulvers) D. Johann. Michaelis,
cum Appendice de Emplastro Magnetico hernias scrotales curante, ad
enchiresin chemicam & clinicam praxin accommodatum, opera & studio
Godofredi Schulzii, Med. D. & Practici in Patria Lutheri. Hall. Saxon.
Sumptibus Simon Joh. Hiibneri. (Date cut off.)
8°. Pp. [26] 192 [3, i blank]. Title red and black. Frontispiece not included in
the pagination.
I. N. J. Dissertatio Pharmaceutico-Therapeutica de Natura Tincturae Bezoardicae
D. Johannis Michaelis cum Appendice collectanea ob naturam symbolicam
& homogeneam, de Mistura Simplici, his praefixae sunt Epistolae honorariae
nonnullorum Veteranorum Medicorum Opera et Studio Thematico Godofredi
Schultzii, Med. D. & Practici in Patria Lutheri.
Symbol. Ama contemni.
Hall. Saxon. Sumptibus Simon. Joh. Hubneri. Literis Christiani Michaelis,
Anno 1678.
8°. Pp. [4] 197 [2, i blank]. Title red and black. Vignette, with the motto :
' Salvatore Jesu, Habeo Hcereditatem Sempiternam,1 the initials of which are those of
the publisher and the place.
Gottfried Sclmltz, or Schulzius, was born at Bres- the Academia Naturae Curiosorum, his original
lau, 20 April, 1643 (1642). As his father was plans had to be modified. He discharged this
professor of mathematics in the College of the work so well that he was elected to the Academy,
Magdalene there, he received an excellent educa- July, 1676, under the name of Aegineta I.
tion, for his father's colleagues, seeing him diligent His knowledge of languages enabled him to
and fond of study, gave him all the help they could, write a number of works. He had some skill also
In May, 1666, he went to Leipzig for medicine, in natural history and astronomy and he contri-
but after some time to Jena, where he stopped till buted papers to the Academy on these subjects, but
the middle of 1671. Then he started for Italy by he wrote little or nothing on medicine.
Niirnberg, Munich and the Tyrol, finally settling He died of consumption, 14 (4) May, 1698, having
in Padua, where on account of the ability he dis- been in feeble health for some time,
played, he was capped as doctor, 14 Oct., 1671. He is not to be confused with a younger man of
He was on the point of starting on a tour in Italy, the same name, who was born in 1669, and was
when he was recalled to Breslau by the illness of received into the Academy in 1694, under the name
his father. He reached home at the end of May, Archelaus. To him Eloy has ascribed the ' Dis-
1672. sertatio . . . de natura tincturae Bezoardicae' not
He had meant to devote himself to practice, but observing that it was published in 1678 when the
on his appointment to collect and edit the contri- imputed author was only nine years old.
butions of the medical practitioners of Breslau to
348
SCHULTZ-SCHULZE
SCHULTZ (GOTTFRIED). Continued.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 357.
Sigismund Grass, Metnoria, in Ephem. Acad.
Nat. Cur., Norib., 1715, centuria iii-iv. (App.) pp.
201-224.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicpruin,
1731, II. ii. pp. 222-229 (contains the Memoir con-
tributed by Grass to the Leopoldine Academy, and
a list of Schultz's books and papers).
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 387, 390, 501, 503, 759, 843
(the Breslau doctor).
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca: metallicce,
1732, p. 131.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxv. col. 1627.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, pp. 900, 1018.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lex icon, 1751, iv.
col. 381.
Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum
Historia, 1755, p. 468, No. 63.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iv. p. 229.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1779, iii.
p. 385 (considerable list of writings).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 138.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteraiur,
1806-08, pp. 185, 187, 198, 200.
Biographie Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), v'ii. p. 175.
Poggendorft, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
wiirterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 860.
Dictionnaire Encyclopldique des Sciences M6di-
cales, 3eme Serie, 1879, vii. p. 562.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 741.
SCHULTZ QOHANN).
See SCULTETUS (JOANNES).
SCHULZE QOHANN HEINRICH).
D. Joh. Heinr. Schulzens weiland der Artzney-Kunst, wie auch der Beredsamkeit,
Alterthiimer und Welt-Weisheit Professoris auf der Konigl. Preussischen
Universitat Halle, Mitglieds der Kayserlichen-Carolinischen, Russischen, und
Konigl. Preussischen Societaten der Wissenschaften Chemische Versuche nach
dem eigenhandigen Manuscript des Herrn Verfassers zum Druck befordert
durch D. Christoph Carl Strumpff. Halle, in Verlegung des Waysen-
hauses, 1745.
8°. Pp. [8] 156 [12]. Folding plate.
Schulze, or Schultze, was born at Colbitz, a
village in the Duchy of Magdeburg, 12 May,
1687. He graduated as doctor of medicine at
Halle in 1717, and was ordinary public pro-
fessor of anatomy and surgery at Altdorf, of
medicine there in 1720, and then of Greek
and Arabic in 1729. In 1732 he removed to
Halle as professor of medicine, rhetoric, antiqui-
ties and philosophy. The king spared no expense
where the recently founded university was concerned,
and the chair of rhetoric was well endowed. His
appointment as professor of medicine and addition
to the medical faculty was opposed by F. Hoffmann
and Stahl, who were then the sole members of the
faculty, on the ground of the further subdivision
which it would entail of the already meagre fees
derived from graduation, for Halle was not then a
large medical school.
He was received into the Academia Naturae
Curiosorum 27 August, 1721, under the name of
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. pp. 229-231 (review of his ' Historia
Medicina ' from the ' Acta Lipsiensia,' 1729, p.
258)-
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 387, 390, 501-3, 759, 843
(references to his hislory of medicine).
Goetten, Das jetztlebende gelehrte Europa, Braun-
schweig, 1735, i. pp. 425-440.
Alcmseon, and lie was a member of the Academies
of Berlin and St. Petersburg.
During the last nine years of his life he made a
fine collection of coins, which ultimately came into
the possession of the University, and was described
by Agnethler.
He was a very diligent student and wrote many
works on medicine, on the history of medicine
among the Greeks and Romans, in which his know-
ledge of the languages came into play, and on
pathology and therapeutics. By reading and study
he had acquired great skill in anatomy, but he was
said to be defective on the practical side through
lack of material.
He was, as Hoffbauer says, one of the mosl
learned members the medical faculty ever had.
' Vir undique doctissimus,' says Haller, ' antiqui-
talis polissimum peritus.'
He died 10 October, 1744.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxv. cols.
1632-1641.
Brucker, Pinacotheca Scriptorum nostra estate
literis illustrium, Augustae Vindel, 1745, Decas
IV. with a portrait.
Michael Gottlieb Agnethler, Beschreibung des
Schulzischen Miinzcabinets, Halle, 1750-52, 4 The.
4°. (Th. i contains 481 numbers, The. 2 and 3
together 2010, Th. 4, 300, in all 2791 numbers.)
SCHULZE—SCHW&R TZER
349
SCHULZE (JOHANN HEINRICH). Continued,
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, pp. 158, 940, 994, 995, 1031, 1047, &c., &c.
Jucher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 382.
Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum
Historic, 1755, p. 495, No. 354.
Portal, Histoire de I } Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, iv. p. 572.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. pp. 143-
H5-
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. HI.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1776, i.
pp. 58, 67, loo, 189.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iv. p. 230.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 37.
Saxius, Onomasticon Literarium, 1788, vi. p. 292,
Anal., p. 691.
Johann Christoph Hoffbauer, Geschichte der Uni-
versitdt sit Halle bis zum Jahre 1805, Halle, 1805,
pp. 169, 170 (position as professor of medicine),
219, 303 (his coin collection).
Will, Niirnbergisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1806,
viii. (Nopitsch's Vierter Supplementband), pp.
151-157 (and numerous references).
Hirsching, Historisch-litterarisches Handbuch
beriihmter und denkwiirdiger Personen welche in
dem achtzehnten Jahrhiinderl gelebt haben, Leipzig,
1808, XI. ii. pp. 341-353-
Biographic Mt'dicale, Paris, Panckoucke, (1820-
25), vii. p. 172.
Biographie Universelle, 1825, xli. p. 256 ; no
date, xxxviii. p. 468.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v.
p. 281 ('a polyhistor in the noblest sense of the
term ').
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mfdc-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 126.
Renauldin, Etudes historiques et critiques sur les
Mldecins numismatistes, Paris, no date (1850?),
pp. 528-534 (list of his numismatic writings).
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, ii.
p. 229.
Nouvelle Biographie Glnirale, 1864, xliii. col. 600.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme SeYie, 1879, vii. p. 559.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragtn-
den Aerzte aller /.eiten utid Vdlker, 1887, v. p. 308.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 518,
1088.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1891, xxxiii. p.
4 (article by Pagel).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 747.
SCHUMACHER QOHANN HEINRICH).
Versuch, die dunklen und versteckten Geheimnissc in den hieroglyphischen
Denkbildern der Egyptier, Chaldaer, Perser, Phonizier, Phrygier, Griechen,
&c. wie auch der Juden und Christen, aus den Urkunden der verborgenen
Geschichte, der Erdkunde, aus Miinzen und Steinen, naher aufzuklaren.
Aufgesetzet von M. Johann Heinrich Schumacher, Pred. zu Bevenrode,
Waggen und Bienrode. Wolfenbiittel und Leipzig, bey Johann Christoph
Meifsner, 1754.
4°. Pp. [16] 206 [2].
There is a person of the name of Schumacher to be different from the present writer. Neither
mentioned both by Kloss and Ladrague as the authority mentions the above work,
author of various masonic writings, but he seems
Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844,
Nos. 421, 424, 437, 969, 1109, 1127^, 1148, 1149.
Ladrague, Bibliothtque Onvaroff,
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 413, 414.
Sciences
SCHW^ERTZER (SEBALD).
Chrysopceia Schwaertzeriana. Das ist : Sebaldi Schwocrtzers, ehemahligen
beriihmten Churfiirstl. Sachsischen Artisten und wiircklichen Adepti, Manu-
scripta, von der wahrhafften Bereitung des Philosophischen Steins, wie
selbige vor diesem mil seiner eigenen Hand entworffen, und bey dem
Chur-Fiirstl. Sachsischen Hause in Originali verwahrlich aufbehalten worden,
Nebst dem rechten zu solchen Manuscriptis gehorigen Schliissel ; Auch
unterschiedlichen Abrissen der darzu dienlichen Ofen, aus einer unver-
falschten durch viele Miihe und Unkosten erlangten Copia nunmehro
jederman vor Augen geleget, und mil einigen ntitzlichen Anhangen von
verschiedenen curieusen Processen vermehret. Hamburg, Bey Samuel
Heil, in S. Johannis Kirche. 1718.
8°. Pp. [16] 184. Title red and black. 3 folding plates.
350
SCHWARTZER
SCHWARTZER (SEBALD). Continued.
This book — from the MS. begun by Schwartzer
himself on St. Michael's day, 1584 — was edited, in
part at least, by Tutschky (see p. 87). Kell says
that it differs from the MS. in important points.
Anyhow Schwartzer's and Kunckel^ dates do not
quite agree.
Metallverwandlungskiinste.
See SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEF WILHELM), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek,
1772, I. ii. p. I.
The biographical notices of Sebald, or Sebalt,
Schwartzer, or Schwertzer (in the Beytrag he is also
called incorrectly Sebastian), are imperfect, and do
not quite tally with one another.
According to the older accounts he was a German
by birth, who, at quite an early age, engaged in
alchemical pursuits and travelled far and wide to
meet other alchemists and gather knowledge and
experience and make display of his art. He had
some material by which he effected his so-called
transmutations and which passed for the 'stone.'
The ' stone,' according to one story, was not made
by himself, but was his share of the plunder ob-
tained by the murder of Sebastian Siebenfreund, in
which he had a hand along with Thurneysser and
others. This story is in itself doubtful ; in one
version his name is not even mentioned, and though
the author of the Fegfeuer stigmatizes him as an
assassin, Schmieder denies any participation of his
in the outrage, and gives reasons in support
of this position. Kell, who brings other specific
charges against him of fraud and deception, makes
no reference whatever to those of murder and
robbery, and does not seem to be aware that
they had ever been brought. One may assume
that, if they had been as well known as the narra-
tives would lead one to believe, Schwartzer could
never have occupied the position which he did,
while those who had complaints against him, and
were not disposed to let him off easily, would cer-
tainly not have allowed crimes like these to have
lain hid had they existed.
The narrative, as given by Kunckel, states that
in 1584 he came from Italy, appeared at Dresden
at the court of Saxony, and on St. Michael's day
delivered to the Elector Augustus an account of
transmutation in a manuscript written by himself,
and requested permission to demonstrate his ability
by an experiment. On 5 May, 1585, the experi-
ment was performed, when three marks of mercury
were transmuted into gold, and the Elector gave
the Countess of Hallach, who was present, a
portion (3 loth) of the gold. When the Elector
died he is said to have left in the treasury seventeen
millions rixdollars, and it was believed by Kunckel
and others that they were the product of nine
months' operations by Schwartzer, and to this sum
the next Elector, Christian, added several millions
in gold. At his death Duke Frederick William
carried on the government as regent, and it was in
consequence of his treatment of Schwartzer that the
latter left Dresden and went to Prague, to the Emperor
Rudolph, who was a great patron of alchemists.
This narrative of Kunckel's was challenged by
Wiegleb, who tried to show that the accumulations
probably came from the royalty on certain mines,
and that the transmutations which Schwartzer
appeared to effect were deceptions in which real
gold was employed. Wiegleb, in turn, was criti-
cised by Kortum, who has a good deal to say in
Kunckel's support and defence, and who further
tells us that Schwartzer learned his alchemy in
Florence and in Venice, and especially from a Dr.
Puti. There is no reference by him to the Sieben-
freund tragedy.
More recent examination of the archives has
enabled Kell to give a fuller account of Schwartzer's
life at the court at Dresden than had previously
appeared, which, while in certain points it differs
materially from the earlier notices, is entirely silent
as to where and how and from whom Schwartzer
acquired his knowledge of alchemy.
According to Kell's report Schwartzer had been
for many years the factor or agent for a certain
Johann Machnitzky in Olmiitz, and in 1584 was
carrying on business in Niirnberg in velvet, silk,
fine linen, cloth, fur, ornaments, wine, and all sorts
of foreign food stuffs, which he supplied to the
Elector's court at Dresden. Some ore having been
delivered to him in part payment, the treasurer,
Gregor Schilling, showed him the store of bullion
which had been accumulated. The question having
thereupon arisen as to the Elector's attitude towards
alchemy, and Schilling having expressed his own
disbelief in it, Schwartzer took the opportunity of
converting mercury into silver by a grey powder
which he had, much to the other's bewilderment,
and by means of a red powder into gold. In a
couple of days the affair had come to the Elector's
ears, and Schwartzer had to appear at the court
and was solicited to give up the powder and explain
the process. He, however, affirmed that he had no
more with him at that time, and would require to
go to Niirnberg for it, as well as to transact some
business. On his return to Dresden some little time
afterwards Schwartzer gave the Elector some of the
grey powder and his wife some of the red, and after
due heating of mercury, gold and silver were poured
out of the respective crucibles.
Schwartzer was now pressed by the Elector to take
up his abode at the court. He pleaded, however,
that his business would be ruined by his neglect of
it, but finally agreed to the proposal when he had
wound up his affairs and was cleared of his various
obligations by the Elector. Accordingly on 20
Sept., 1584, he was formally appointed the Elector's
factor, with a salary of 1200 florins, but in the
patent of his appointment there is no more than a
hint of the occult art.
After his appointment he tried to get the tin
mines by gradual purchases into the hands of the
Elector, so as to create a monopoly. The attempt
had been made before, but had not succeeded, and
the Elector was advised in the present case to leave
the owners free and be content with his royalty,
which advice he followed. With more effect he
urged that to get over the confusion which had
grown up in the Mansfeld works they should be
placed under the single control of the Elector, and
he also made an effort to improve the position of
the linen industry, to introduce weavers from
the Low Countries for the manufacture of velvet,
silk, and fine cloth, and to check the outflow of
the coinage to foreign countries.
But even more by his alchemical performances,
in which the Elector thoroughly believed, than by
these schemes Schwartzer gained the Elector's
confidence. Several were exhibited, and in May,
1585, that which is referred to by Kunckel took
place.
SCHWARTZER
SCHWARTZER (SEBALD). Continued.
After this the court removed to Annaberg, where,
as Kunckel tells us, were the great laboratories ;
the experiments were continued, and, it is said,
Johann Georg of Brandenburg came to be instructed
in the process.
Doubts, however, were beginning to arise about
Schwartzer's probity ; for at Frankfurt, during the
fair, a report was started by a certain Valten
Glezsch that Schwartzer had palmed off upon the
Elector stolen gold, as if he had made it himself,
and for that reason was in prison in the Hohen-
stein. The man was apprehended and tried for
this defamation, but nothing could be proven, and
he got off. The affair did not affect the relations
of Schwartzer to the Elector or shake the confidence
which was reposed in him. On the contrary, he
made every effort to free Schwartzer from his
obligations as a burgess of Niirnberg, so as to attach
him entirely to his services. Augustus, the Elector,
died ri Feb., 1586, and although his successor,
Christian I. , was not so favourably disposed towards
Schwartzer, he nevertheless reappointed him as
factor by a decree dated 6 Feb., 1587. He subse-
quently showed him goodwill, and exerted himself
to bring to a decision a law plea about debts which
had been running for a considerable time between
Schwartzer and two Niirnberg merchants, Imhof
and Welser.
On 25 August, 1590, Schwartzer gained the
position for which he had been anxious, that of
supreme manager of the Mansfeld copper-slate
mines. They were in debt and confusion, the yield
was gradually falling off, and the miners were
clamorous for arrears of wages, but before he could
make any improvement, the death of the Elector
took place, and although he was continued in his
position by the administrators of the electorate, he
found the task of rehabilitating the mines was too
great, and he resigned early in 1592. In July he
was again in Dresden as factor of Sophia, the
Elector's widow. When he was here an attempt
to blackmail him was made by Machnitzky, who
wrote to him, plainly accusing him of having made
away with the two Electors by poison. Schwartzer
showed this minatory letter to the widow ; Mach-
nitzky was apprehended and lodged in the Hohen-
stein. He, however, laid his complaint before the
Emperor Rudolph II., who interested himself in it,
and the lawsuit raised by Schwartzer in Dresden
did not come to a decision, for by the Emperor's
influence Machnitzky was liberated 24 Feb., 1593,
' Complementum oder Ergantzung der Joachims-
thalischen an Herrn Mathesii Sarepta angehengten
Kurtzen Chronica,' in Johann Mathesius' Sarepta,
Leipzig, 1618, Ann. 1598.
Keren Happitch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfetier der
Scheide-Kttnst, 1702, pp. 102, 103, 122.
Kunckel, Laboratorium Chymicum, 1716, p. 586 ;
1767, pp. 541, S94, 602.
Die Edelgeborne Jvngfer Akhymia, 1730, pp.
21 , 28, 33 (story of the murder).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 296.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 127.
Wiegleb, Historisch-kritische Untersuchung der
Alchemie, 1777, pp. 237, 247, 258, 274, 275', 276,
279, 290 ; 1793, ibid.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 90.
Giildenfalk, Sammlung von mehr ah hiindcrt
ivahrhaften Transmutationsgeschichten, 1784, p.
136 (from Kunckel).
Beytrag zur Gesc hichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 235, 244, 257, 492.
and went to Prague. In the meantime, however,
Schwartzer had resigned his connection with the
Electoral service, and had also placed himself at
the disposal of the Emperor, and was appointed
by him Imperial mining captain in Joachimsthal
19 Aug. , 1592. The cause of this sudden change
of masters was due, according to Kunckel, to the
treatment he had received from the Administrator
after the death of the Elector Christian ; but Kell
has brought forward certain facts to show that
Kunckel's explanation is untenable, and that it is
more likely that Schwartzer was not certain what
revelations, damaging to himself and his prospects,
might not be made at Machnitzky's trial. Besides,
he knew that the Emperor was keenly interested in
alchemy and its adepts, whereas it was no longer
of account at Dresden, and his reception and pro-
motion so far justified his action.
After his departure his accounts were overhauled,
an arrest was put on his house and goods, and he
was summoned to Dresden. By the influence of
Sophia he obtained a postponement of the examina-
tion, and then laid his case before the Emperor,
and showed that the charges of maladministration
had been trumped up by his enemies. Various
attempts were made to get him to Dresden, which
he contrived to evade; and though the evidence
against him was very strong and his transactions in
Joachimsthal were beginning to be suspected, the
matter never came to a trial, for his death took
place 7 January, 1598. He is said to have been
made a noble by the Emperor.
Schwartzer seems to have been able, by his skill
and power of persuasion, to gain confidence, but
he was not straightforward in his business trans-
actions and official intromissions, as appears from
the lawsuits he had and his reluctance to face the
examination of his accounts.
His reputed transmutations, of which Kell has
given a description, seem to have been effected by
preparations of the precious metals themselves, for
his so-called ' red tincture,1 judging by the mode of
its formation, was mainly com posed of iron, though
it may possibly have contained a trace of gold. It
may, therefore, not have been without foundation
the report which was raised at the Frankfurt fail-
about the deception he had played upon Augustus,
and the great treasure which was found after the death
of the Electors must have been derived from some
other source than Schwartzer's nine months' labours,
to which it was enthusiastically ascribed by Kunckel.
Korhim verteidiget die Alchimie, 1789, pp.
125-155-
Taschenbuchfiir Alchemisten, 1790, pp. 108-200.
Gnielin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 258,
259. 263, 294, 295.
Murr, Littcrarische Nachrichten zu der Geschichte
des sogenannten Goldmachens, 1805, pp. 50-52.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 316.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 125 ;
1869, ii. p. 120.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1316.
Richard Kell, Sebald Schwertzer als Kitrsachs-
ischer Faktor vnd Kaiserlicher Berghauptmann
Dissertation, Leipzig, 1881, 8°, pp. 80.
A. Bauer, Chemie und Alchymie in Osterreich
bis cum beginnenden XIX. Jahrhundert, VVien,
1883, pp. 29, 30, 41.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 127, 194, 214 ;
II. p. 344.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1891, xxxiii.
p. 436 (article by H. A. Lier, mainly from Kell).
352 SCHWARTZBURGICUS—SCHWARTZFUS
SCHWARTZBURGICUS (JULIUS GERVASIUS).
See GERVASIUS (JULIUS).
SCHWARTZENWALD (JOANNES VALENTINUS VON).
Epistola Novi Praeservativi Universalis Naturalis. Nunciatoria criminis Isesse
Majestatis laessequd graviter famas vindicatoria ad praenobilem et excel-
lentissimum Dominum Jacobum, Joannem, Wenceslaum Dobrzensky De
Nigro Ponte, Philosophise & Medicinae Doctorem, ejusdemque in Alma
Caesarea Regiaque Universitate Carolo-Ferdinandea Pragensi Professorem
extra ordinarium, Dominum, Amicum & Patronum suum Colendissimum.
Anno 1 68 1.
No place or printer.
8°. Pp. [39, i blank],
He does not appear to be well known, and this press at Prague. The author signs his name at the
book seems to have been all that he wrote. I have end : loan. Valentinus von Schwartzen-Wald, M. D. ,
seen no mention of it but Mercklin's. copied by and adds : Dabam & musaeolo meo Phosphoroburgi
Mangel. ad Solis-Vicum 20. Oct. Anno 1681.
It was almost certainly printed at the University
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 695. Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 337.
SCHWARTZFUS (ANONYMUS VON).
Das Blut der Natur, oder Entdeckung des allergeheimesten Schatzes derer
Weisen, seyende nichts anders, als der rothe Lebens-Saft, davon alle
Geschopfe nach dem Willen des Allmachtigen herstammen, erhalten, und
fortgepflantzet warden. Denen Kindern der Weifsheit zum Besten her-
vorgegeben von Anonymus von Schwartzfus. Hamburg, gedruckt bey
Georg Konig, 1706.
8°. Pp. 79 [misprinted 99] i blank.
Lehr-Satze eines unvergleichlichen Philosophi von der Weisheit und Chymie,
denen Geheimniifs-Begierigen zu betrachten Zum andernmahl auf vieler
Liebhaber Anhalten vermehret und ans Licht gebracht durch Anonymum
von Schwartzfufs. Hamburg, gedruckt bey Georg Konig, an der alten
St. Michaelis Kirche, im Jahr 1706.
8°. Pp. 64.
Brunnen der Weifsheit und Erkanntnifs der Natur, aus welchem die, nach
denen Geheimnissen der Natur diirstenden Liebhaber das wahre Wasser
der Weisen nach Vergniigen schopffen konnen ; Von einem unvergleich-
lichen Philosophus gegraben, und geoffnet durch Anonymum von
Schwartzfufs. Frankfurt und Leipzig, bey Johann Georg Efslinger. 1767.
8°. Pp. 47 (including the frontispiece), [i blank]. The tailpiece is the owl with
spectacles sitting between two lighted candles and holding two burning torches crossed
in front.
See FUNF Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, 1767.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 218.
SCHWARTZFUS—SCHWIMMER 353
SCHWARTZFUS (ANONYMUS VON). Continued.
Das Blut der Natur, oder Entdeckung des Allergeheimesten Schutzes der Weisen,
seyende nichts anders als der rothe Lebensfafft, davon alle Geschopffe
nach dem Willen des Allmachtigen herstammen, erhalten, und fortgepflantzet
werden. Denen Kindern der Weifsheit zum Besten hervorgegeben von
Anonymus von Schwartzfufs. Frankfurt und Leipzig, bey Johann Georg
Efslinger. 1767.
8*' Pp. 79 (including the frontispiece), [i blank].
See FtfNF Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, 1767.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 225.
The two preceding tracts are also mentioned in two of the Fun/. . . Tractatlein, they have separate
the title of Drey Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, title-pages, signatures and pagination.
1706 (q.v,), as contained in that collection, but they Nothing seems to be known of this author, whose
are wanting in the actual copy. Though forming name is probably fictitious. Kopp does not mention
the ' Lehr-Satze,' but only the other two.
Semler, Unparieiische Samhingen zur Histori Ladrague, Bibliothlque Ouvaro/, Sciences
der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. p. 107. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 619-21, 1279-81, 1485-88.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 319, 337, 391.
SCHWEIGHARDT (THEOPHILUS).
See FLORENTINUS DE VALENTIA.
See MOGLING (DANIEL).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Nicolai. Einige Bemerkungen Uber den Ursprung
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 283. und die Geschichte der Rosenkreuzer und Frey-
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, maurer, 1806, p. 93.
P- 603- Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 327 ;
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie 1869, ii. p. 319.
der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. p. 75. Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei , 1844, p.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 563 186, No. 2535.
(quotes Schweighardt without any explanation). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 7.
Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen-
kreuter und Freymaurerordens, 1803, pp. 42, 56.
SCHWEITZER (JOHANN FRIDERICH).
See HELVETIUS (JOANNES FRIDERICUS).
Under HELVETIUS the reference is given erron- Haller, Bibliotheca Botanicat 1771, i. p. 512.
eously to vol. ii. instead of vol. i. of Haller's work.
SCHWERTZER (SEBALD).
See SCHWARTZER (SEBALD).
SCHWIMMER QOHANN MICHAEL).
Tractatus Physicus in quo nobiliores ex Physica secretion Curiositates exhi-
bentur, non minus utilissimae, quam jucundissimae lectu, cum Indice Rerum
duplici. Opera M. Jo. Michaelis Schwimmer, Rudolphopolitani, Collegii
Philosophici Jenensis Adjuncti. Jenae, Apud Jo. Jac. Bauhofern,
Bibliopolam. M.DC.LXXIII.
4°. Pp. [8] 256 [8J, On the title-page there is a vignette illustrative of Sympathy
and Antipathy.
II. Z
354
SCHWIMMER—SCOPOLI
SCHWIMMER (JOHANN MICHAEL). Continued.
Another edition of this work is quoted : Curiosi-
tates ex physica secretion, Jenae, 1672, 8°. The
present edition contains fourteen dissertations deal-
ing with the sympathy and antipathy supposed to
exist throughout creation, animate and inanimate,
and the author shows himself familiar with the
literature of the subject, to which, indeed, this book
is a convenient guide. The magnet, naturally, is
discussed in this connection, and reference is made
to William Gilbert, who is called 'Magneticce
Philosophise facile princeps,' and to his /JA.icp6yr)
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxvi. col. 500.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelekrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 419.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 565 (list
of bis works).
or Terella, which exhibited the magnetic virtue of
the earth.
Schwimmer was Magister Philosophise and rector
of the Rudolstadt Gymnasium, and published
numerous works : Physicalische Ergotzlichkeiten,
Erfurt, 1701, 8° ; Frankf. 1705, 1716, 8° ; Physi-
calischer Zeit-Vertreiber, Jena, 1676, 8° ; Physi-
calischer Lust-Garten, Rudolstadt, 1690, 12° ;
Quaedam Naturae miracula circa Vegetabilia,
Jenae, 1673, 8°; &c., &c.
He died at Rudolstadt, in 1704.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1779, iii.
pp. 264, 327.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 767.
(The above book is the only one quoted. The pub-
lisher's name is written Bautzofern, an easily in-
curred mistake).
SCOPOLI (GIOVANNI ANTONIO).
Element! di Chimica, e Farmacia di Gio. Antonio Scopoli C. di S. M. I. R. A.
per gli affari delle Miniere, P. P. di Chimica, e Botanica nell' I. R. University
di Pavia ec. Nuova Edizione, divisa in due Tomi : alia quale si aggiungono
le Tavole delle Chimiche AffinM del Sig. Bergman, e le Note del Sig.
Giuseppe Mirone-Pasquali P. P. di Chimica, e Farmacia nella R. G. Universita
di Catania. Tomo I. Giovanni Riscica Negoziante di Libri Catania Nelle
Stampe degli Etnei Per Franc. Pastore MDCCXC. (Con Approv.)
8°. Pp. [2] xvi, 197 [3 blank].
Tomo II. Pp. [2] 250 [2 blank].
Metallurgische Beobachtungen.
See ALLGEMEIN nutzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1782, ii. p. 310.
Vom Schwefel und dessen Verhalten gegen die Metalle.
See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 296.
Giovanni Antonio Scopoli was born at Cavalese
in the Tyrol, (3) 13 June, 1723. His early educa-
tion was obtained at Trent and Hall. He studied
at Innsbruck, graduated doctor of medicine in
1743, and practised first in his native place. At
Innsbruck he devoted himself to botany, although
the subject was not then taught, and made
excursions and collected such a number of speci-
mens and arranged them so systematically that he
meditated a history of the plants of his native
country.
This idea was relinquished when in 1753 he went
to Styria on the summons of Count Firmian, prince-
bishop of Seckau. After two years at this court he
proceeded with the Count to Gratz and to Vienna,
and having entered for the post of a district phy-
sician, passed the required examination.
The thesis he sustained on the occasion excited
the admiration of Van Swieten, who procured for
him the appointment of first physician to the Mines
at Idria in Carniola, and to this was subsequently
added the duty of instructing the mining students
in metallurgical chemistry. His position here was,
however, rendered most uncomfortable by intrigues
and jealousies, but he withdrew from intercourse
with his colleagues, and turned for solace and
relaxation to botany, making numerous excursions
in Carniola and gathering the material which he
afterwards published in his ' Flora Carniolica.'
On these journeys he made observations on the
insect life, and embodied his results in his ' Ento-
mologia Carniolica,' and a proof of the merit of
his work is the high opinion of it expressed by
Linnaeus. He also undertook an examination of
the mercury ores and published a book about them,
Venice, 1761, included in which was an account of
his treatment of the diseases to which the miners
are liable. During this time he extended his
botanical survey, with the intention of issuing a
new edition of his ' Flora.'
Scopoli held this post for ten years, and in 1766,
after repeated applications, he was named council-
lor of the Department of Mines and professor of
mineralogy at Schemnitz, in succession to von
Jacquin, who had been transferred to Vienna, as
professor of botany and chemistry. Before this
appointment came to him he had refused the offer
of several others, one of these being to succeed J.
G. Lehmann at St. Petersburg. At Schemnitz he
had to relinquish his botanical studies, but he
devoted himself ardently to the duties of his chair.
After spending some years at Schemnitz, during
SCOPOLI—SCO TUS
355
SCOPOLI (GIOVANNI ANTONIO). Continued.
which he was unwearied in exploring the mineral
riches of Hungary, he was in 1776 appointed to the
chair of botany and chemistry in Pavia, which was
more to his liking. There he founded a botanic
garden, built a chemical laboratory and enriched
the museum with his own fine collection of minerals
and made many journeys to collect specimens to
complete it. It was his influence and example
which stimulated the study of natural history in
Lombardy, and he also brought about the reopen-
ing of the iron works at Cavarina.
In 1784 appeared his translation of the chemical
dictionary of Macquer, which, from two volumes in
the original, was extended to ten, by the additions
which he made and the new articles he inserted.
Towards the end of his life he lost the sight of
the right eye by his laborious microscopic investiga-
tions, and for fear of impairing the other he gave
up writing ; in consequence, one of his works,
Gottingische Anzeigen von Gelehrten Sachen,
1754, 1764, 1769, &c. , &c. (reviews of various works
by him).
E. G. Baldinger, Biographien jetztlebender Aerzte
•und Nalurforscher in undausser Deutschland, 1772,
Bd. I. (Stuck 4, 1772), pp. 161-170.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. pp. 434,
705 (botanical works).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 496
(two anatomical tracts).
Ignaz v. Luca, Das gelehrte Oesterreich, 1778, I.
ii. pp. 123-131 (and references).
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 47.
Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon
der jetzt-lebenden Deutschen Schriftsteller, 4th ed.,
1784, iii. p. 514 ; Nachtrag, 1786, i. p. 602 ; 1787,
ii- P- 353 I ^SS, iii. p. 335 ; 1791, iv. pp. 676, 858 ;
1795, V. ii. p. 318.
Carl Jos. Bougine', Handbuch der allgemeinen
Litterargeschichte, 1791, iv. pp. 682, 711 (a notice
of him with a list of his chief writings, from
Baldinger).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 462,
&c., &c.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentation-urn, 1803, iii.
(Ckemia et Res Metallica), p. 106.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 343, 375, 387, 393, 399, 444.
' Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae,' remains
unfinished. He spent eleven years at Pavia and
died there 8 May, 1788.
His good nature rendered him confiding and
somewhat crodulous, and this, it is said, gave
Spallanzani the opportunity of causing him acute
mortification which disturbed his peace and may
have shortened his life.
Scopoli was an outstanding botanist and chemist
in the eighteenth century, was a member of many
learned societies and carried on a large correspon-
dence.
Besides his botanical writings he wrote several
works on mineralogy, metallurgy, crystallography,
and his ' Fundamenta chemiae,' Pragae, 1777, 8°,
Papiae, 1780, 8° ; German translation, Vienna,
1786, 8°, by Meidinger, who also translated his
work on the mercury ores.
Hirsching, Historisch-litterarisches Handbuch
beriihmter und denkwurdiger Personen, welche in
dem achtzehnten Jahrhundert gelebt haben, 1809,
XII. i. pp. 49-52-
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 181.
Biographie Universelle, 1825, xli. p. 359 ; no
date, xxxviii. p. 546.
Antonio Lombardi, Storia della Letteratura
Italiana, Modena, 1828, ii. pp. 51, 112.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v.
pp. 54, 61.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 374 ;
1869, ii. p. 365.
Emilio de Tipaldo, Biografia degli Ilaliani illus-
tri . . . del secolo XVII I. e d? Contemporanei,
Venezia, 1844, ix. pp. 252-6 (by G. Chiappa).
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
war terbuch, 1863, ii. col. 880.
Nouvelle Biographie Gdnfrale, 1864, xliii. col.
635.
Von Wurzbach, Btographisches Lexicon des
Kaiserthums Oesterreich, 1877, xxxiii., p. 210 (and
references).
Dictionnaire Encyclopldique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme S6rie, 1880, viii. p. 34.
A. Bauer, Chemie und Alchymie in Osterreich,
1883, p. 76.
SCOTUS (MICHAEL).
Libellus de Secretis Naturae.
See ALBERTUS MAGNUS, De Secretis Mulierum, &c., 1669, p. 204.
Almuchabota Ablegalim Alkakib Albaon, id est Compendium Magiae innaturalis
nigrae, continens Citationes et Vincula diversorum Spirituum.
See SAMMLUNG der grofsten Geheimnisse aufserordentlicher Menschen in alter
Zeit.
Quaestio curiosa de Natura Solis et Lunae.
See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita Novella, 1546, f. 195.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, V. p. 713.
Eine curiose Frage von der Natur Solis und Lunae.
See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita Novella, 1714, p. 451.
356
SCOT US
SCOTUS (MICHAEL). Continued.
The actions of Michael Scot as a wizard of
mighty power, which have given him a place in
literature from Dante to the present time, and have
kept him in popular remembrance for six or seven
hundred years, may have helped to make of him a
semi-mythical personage, to obliterate the events of
his life, and to obscure the real gifts and achieve-
ments on which his perverted renown has been
based. Hence, there is more supposition, plausible
perhaps, but still supposition, than well-established
fact in the current biographies ; but when one
considers how very little information has been
transmitted to us, and how those who might have
had something to tell us have shown themselves
adverse to him, there is nothing else to do but to
eke out what little is certain by justifiable hypotheses
and to explain away or refute the calumnious re-
marks of the older writers. This has been done
very carefully by Wood Brown, and his account,
based on original researches and manuscript
authorities, is as complete, and altogether as satis-
factory, as is likely to be got now, unless manu-
scripts at present unknown may hereafter throw
unexpected light on some parts of his history.
Michael Scotus, Michael Scot, or Michael the
Scot, was born in the south of Scotland, somewhere
on the Border, in the latter part of the twelfth
century. His early education was obtained pro-
bably at home, and while tradition asserts that he
first went to Oxford, it seems quite certain that he
passed over to Paris, and there acquired the
highest possible reputation as master of the polite
arts ; grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, music,
mathematics, and astronomy, which formed the
substance of the curriculum in arts of the Scottish
Universities till the close of the nineteenth century,
when it was finally ruined as a curriculum by the
system of options. In the highest branches of study
Michael was so distinguished that he was known as
Michael the Mathematician, and, by his knowledge
of the stars, gained fame as an astrologer. He
seems also to have advanced to the study of
theology, and to have graduated as doctor and
taken orders. From Paris he went to Italy, and
resided at Bologna, already famous as a school of
law. Thence he went south to the court of Sicily,
to the Prince of Palermo, who afterwards became
Frederick II., King of Sicily and Emperor of
Germany, and from his earliest writings it has been
inferred that he acted as tutor to the prince for
some time. In Sicily he may have acquired know-
ledge of Greek and Arabic, he taught the prince
mathematics, and wrote two books for him on
astronomy. It is probable that the treatise entitled
'Physionomia,' and subsequently 'De Secretis' as
above, which is dedicated to the Emperor, was
written early in the year 1209, and was intended as
a gift to the Emperor on- the occasion of his
marriage. After this event Michael set sail for
Spain, and took up his residence at Toledo.
In Spain he remained about ten years, and
continued his studies in branches of learning which
discredited him ultimately with the orthodox, and
may have given him his subsequent reputation as a
magician.
Before he left Sicily, it is pretty certain that he
was familiar with the Natural History of Aristotle,
through an Arabic version, and had adopted
passages from it in his ' Physionomia,' but after
settling in Toledo, where the works of Avicenna
and others had been translated by an earlier band
of Latin and oriental scholars, he made a full
translation of Aristotle's treatises on Natural His-
tory from the Arabic, with the help of a Jew, and
his first version was finished probably towards the
close of the year 1209. Another version by Scotus,
known as the ' Abbreviatio Avicennae,' has the date
of its completion specified, namely 1210. There is
even a third version, from the Greek, which has
been also ascribed to him, not without good reasons.
Though engaged with these translations, he did
not, however, neglect the subject which had given
him his distinctive name. He continued to work
at astronomy, and translated the work on the
Sphere of Alpetrongi or Alpetragius. Manuscripts
of this work in the Paris library, which happen to
be dated, inform us that the translation was com-
pleted in 1217.
From Toledo Scot visited Cordova, which had
been famous in the tenth century as the resort of
Jewish scholars, and was the birth-place of Averroes,
who, as the most distinguished expositor of Aris-
totle, was attracting much attention at the beginning
of the thirteenth century. His doctrines, so far as
they were known, had been denounced as unsound,
but, in spite of that, his writings were eagerly
studied, and a translation of them was entered
upon by Scot, perhaps at the instigation of the
Emperor, and certainly with his countenance and
support. In this work he was assisted by two
or three other scholars, along with a Jewish
interpreter. He was called Alphagirus, and he
worked along with Scot, and this is the person
whom Roger Bacon designates Andrew, the Jew,
and whose work he says was appropriated by Scot.
Wood Brown has vindicated Scot from this charge,
and has pointed out the analogy between this
college of translators and their methods in the
second decade of the thirteenth century with that
which translated Avicenna a century earlier.
Scot returned to Sicily about 1220, bringing with
him his translations for the Emperor. They had
been condemned by the Church, and the author of
them was a strongly suspected person. The trans-
lations, however, were not made public, and Scot,
leaving these studies and returning to those which
had first given him his fame, took once more his
position as imperial astrologer, and produced new
works on the same subject, among which was his
Commentary on the ' Sphere ' of Sacrobosco. This
was printed at Bologna by lustinianus de Ruberia, in
the year 1495, small 4°, ft. 40. He also engaged in a
more thorough study of medicine, a subject which had
occupied his attention from the days when he wrote
his treatise ' Physionomia.' He gained great re-
nown as a practical physician, and there remains in
manuscript a tract by him, 'De Urinis,' and an
elaborate receipt for a pill, which exists in a manu-
script in the British Museum, and a contracted
form of which is contained in the first book of the
first part of the Secrets of Alexis.
While Scot was acting as astrologer and physician
of the Emperor, the latter endeavoured to procure
for him some preferment in the Church. The
attempt was not successful, and, it is thought, the
disappointment caused thereby affected Michael to
a great extent, and brought upon him that depres-
sion which found vent in the prophecies ascribed to
him, referring not only to calamities coming on
certain Italian cities, but to his own and the Em-
peror's death.
In 1229, after the rupture between the Emperor
and the Pope, the former thought it was now time,
both for his own credit and that of Michael's, to
publish the translation of Averroes which had been
so long kept back. A circular letter, setting forth
his design in causing the translation to be made,
was drawn up, and it was conveyed, probably by
SCOT US
357
SCOTUS (MICHAEL). Continued.
the hands of Michael himself, to the chief centres of
learning ; to Bologna and Paris certainly, for
copies of it to these schools are extant. Bacon
states that in 1230 Michael Scotus made his appear-
ance with books of Aristotle and commentaries
thereon by learned men, so that it is reasonable to
infer that Scot visited Oxford once more, and,
though there is no positive evidence to support the
supposition, it is possible that Scot not only
continued his journey on to Scotland but ended
his days there. It is noteworthy that there is no
allusion to his death having having occurred in
Italy at any definite place, whereas tradition points
to his having been buried at Melrose or Holme
Cultram, not very far from the place of his birth.
He may have even lived long enough to impress
his character of prophet and wizard upon the
people, and to give rise to the legends about him,
the scenes of which are located in or about the
valley of the Tweed.
The only direct evidence that he was of Bal-
wearie is that given by the author ' W.' (I presume
P. F. Tytler) of the article in the ' Edinburgh
Magazine,' 1820, vii. p. 104, note, who says that the
title of the Louvain edition, 1487, of the 'Phisio-
nomia' is: Michaelis Scoti de Balwerie de Pro-
curatione (sic) et Hominis Phisionomia. This is
probably the edition which Hain merely quotes
under date 1484, and which has not been met with
by his successors. There is a copy of it in the
British Museum which I have inspected, but I have
observed in it no allusion whatever to Balwearie.
Since he was alive in Oxford in 1230, and his
death is alluded to by a writer in 1235, the date of
the event is restricted to a narrow limit, and is as
well denned as it is ever likely to be. Anyhow it is
quite obvious that Michael the Scholar could not
have been the Michael Scot of Balwearie, the
ambassador to Norway in 1290, with whom he is
identified by some of his biographers.
Of the works above mentioned, the ' Physio-
nomia ' was based partly on portions of Aristotle's
works on animals, partly on the Secreta Secretorum,
and partly on works by Rhazes. It became very
popular, and was widely circulated in manuscript,
and was printed as early as 1477. Ten editions at
least appeared in the fifteenth century, and the
book was printed again and again in the sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries. There are translations
of it in French, German, Italian, and Polish, and
though it was never turned into English, con-
siderable sections of it have been embodied in that
rather rare book, Hill's ' Physiognomy,' London,
W. laggard, 1613, small 8°, and in the ' Master-
piece ' which has been popularly assigned to
Aristotle. The book of secrets in Dutch, which
goes under the name of Aalbert (q.v. ), i.e. Albertus
Magnus, also contains a number of Michael's
propositions.
Dante, Ldnferno (sic) e'l Purgatorio el Paradiso
dl Dante Alaghieri (sic), Aldus, Vinegia, 1515,
f. 47 recto (canto xx.). (The commentators have
notes on the passage about ' Michele Scotto ' :
Urangier, Paris, 1697, p. 254; Gary, Bonn's edition,
London, 1850, p. (103), note 3 ; ' Philalethes,'
Teubner, Leipzig, 1871, i. p. 151 ; Toynbee, A
Dictionary of Proper Names . . . in the works of
Dante, 1898, p. 382 ; and many others.)
Gesner, Bibliotheca Universalis, Tiguri, 1545,
f. 513, a ; 1574, ed. Simler, p. 506, a.
Bale, lllustrium Maioris Britannia Scriptorum
Summarium, 1548. f. 98 ; 1557-59, I. Cent, iv., No.
Ixvii. pp. 351-352; II. Cent, xiv., No. lii. pp. 214-215.
Of these various editions I have described several
in a paper on Scot read in 1877 to the Glasgow
Archaeological Society (not yet printed), but the list
then given was quite incomplete. Wood Brown
speaks of eighteen editions quoted between 1477 and
1660, and he himself adds half-a-dozen to that num-
ber. This, however, falls short of the reality, for the
printed editions and translations can hardly be fewer
than fifty, if indeed they do not go beyond that
number. Details of these editions will be given in
my published paper. The treatise is in three
books, each with an introduction. The first deals
with generation, conception, and birth ; the second
with the signs of the complexions ; the last with
physiognomy proper, which professes to define and
interpret the character and disposition from obser-
vation and comparison of the different parts of the
body. Bruce has given a pretty full abstract of
the contents.
The book of Magic, as has been argued by
Wood Brown, is possibly a perversion of a work
on algebra by Michael, if the first word of the title
denote that art, the symbols having been converted
into the magical signs or characters of demons.
Brown has described a manuscript on vellum of
this treatise in black, red, and green letters which
have an oriental appearance, but which are not
decipherable. The portion in Latin is what has
been printed, and the manuscript is of the seven-
teenth century. I have seen another manuscript
of exactly the same kind in Lord Crawford's
library at Haigh Hall.
The printed copy above bears date : Pragae in
Bohemia. Pridie Id. Febr. MDXI., but whether
that refers to the date of the first printed edition or
not I cannot say. It cannot denote the place
where or the time when it was written, unless it
was a fabrication assigned to Scotus.
It is not unlikely, however, that when Michael
Scot was at Toledo, he would not let slip the oppor*
tunity of learning what he could of the magic for
which that city of all others was most distinguished.
Doubtless it embraced what was afterwards known
as natural magic or experimental physics and
juggling, as well as black magic strictly so called,
involving the invocation of the infernal powers.
There, too, he experimented in alchemy, for it
was in Spain, to which it had been brought by the
Arabs, that the art first found a place in Europe.
He wrote certain treatises on the subject : Liber
Magistri Miccaelis Scoti in quo continetur Magi-
sterium ; a compilation or the translation of a book
called Liber Luminis Luminum ; and a work De
Alchimia. All these presumably genuine tracts
remain in manuscript, but they have been con-
sidered in some detail by Wood Brown.
The 'Quaestio Curiosa,' above mentioned, which
is generally ascribed to Scot, is not really by him,
as may be inferred from its style and contents.
Joannes Picus, Mirandulae . . . Comes, ' Dis-
putationes in Astrologiam,' lib. VIII. c. vi. ; lib.
XII. c. vii., Opera omnia, Basil., 1572, i. pp. 657,
729 (he calls Michael ' scriptorem nullius ponderis,
multse uero superstitionis ').
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre,
1599, p. 141.
Delrio, Disquisitiones Magicce, 1603, ii. p. 202
(quotes Michael Scotus as a writer on chiromancy,
but not on physiognomy).
Joa? . Matthasus Lunensis, Libellus de Rerum
Inven iriius, 1613, p. 44 (Michael's ' Cervilerium,1
or ire skull-cap).
Maier, Symbola Aurea MCHSCE, 1617, p. 481.
358
SCOT US
SCOTUS (MICHAEL). Continued.
Pitseus, Relationum Historicarum de Rebus
Anglicis Tomus primus, 1619, 'Pars Secunda com-
plectens illustres Scriptores,' p. 374 (puts his death
in 1290, which is obviously impossible).
Naude', Apologie pour tous les Grands Person-
nages qui ont estt faussement soupfonnez de Magie,
1625, pp. 69, 79, 122, 355, 495. English transla-
tion, 1657, pp. 33, 38, 59, 167, 233.
Thomas Dempster, Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis
Scotorum Lib. XIX., Bononise, 1627, p. 424, No.
940.
Ant. Marie Spelte, La Delectable Folie, support
des Capricieux, . . . traduicte en Francois par
L. Garon, seconds Partie, a Lyon, 1628, p. 139
(ridicules the story of Michael's magic banquets).
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 365.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 209.
Ant. i Wood, Historia el Antiquitates Universi-
tatis Oxoniensis, 1674, i. pp. 121, 122; or, English
translation : The History and Antiquities of the
University of Oxford in Two Books ; now first
published in English . . . by John Gutch . . .
Oxford, 1792, i. pp. 286, 287, 288.
Joan. Leslasus, De Origine, moribus et rebus
gestis Scotorum libri decem, Romae, 1675, p. 220
(a brief but favourable and not inaccurate notice).
Toppi, Biblioteca Napoletana, 1678, p. 216.
• Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 822.
George Mackenzie, The Lives and Characters of
the most Eminent Writers of the Scots Nation,
Edinb., 1708, i. p. 197.
Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseud 'o-
nymorum, 1708, 'DeAnonymisScriptoribus,' p. 322,
No. 1299 a (' Mensa Philosophica ').
L,e\a.nd,Commentarii de Scriptoribus Britannicis,
1709, p. 254, cap. ccxxxii.
Robert Sibbald, The History, ancient and
modern, of the Sheri/doms of Fife and Kinross, . . .
1710, pp. 125, 127.
Menagiana ou les Bans Mots . . . de Monsieur
Menage, a Paris, 1715, iii. p. 105 (points out the
mistake of M. du Cange in assigning the Mensa
Philosophica to Michael Scotus, when it was really
written by Theobaldus Anguilbertus, an Irishman).
Arpe, De prodigiosis Natures et Artis Operibus
Talismanes et Amuleta dictis cum recensione
scriptorum huius argumenti liber singularis,
Hamburgi, 1717, p. 116.
John Freind, The History of Physick, 1726, ii. p.
241 (' pretended to translate Avicenna ').
Giannone, The Civil History of the Kingdom
of Naples, translated by Captain James Ogilvie,
London, 1729, Book XVII. chapter iv. ; i. p. 729.
(' He [i.e. Frederick II.] likewise caused Michael
Scot, a famous Physician and Astrologer in these
Times, and his beloved Friend, to write many
Books of Philosophy, Physick, and Astrology, as
Michael himself, in some of them, which he dedi-
cated to him, and Gesnerus in his Compend testify ;
whence Philosophy and Mathematical Learning
began to be in vogue : And thus, by having the
Works of Aristotle, Galen and of several Arabian
Physicians read in the Schools, and encourag'd
by Frederick, Aristotle's Philosophy, and Galen's
Physick, acquir'd that Reputation in the Schools
which every Body knows'). P. 726 (Prophecy
about the emperor's death at Fiorentino alluded
to, but not coupled with Michael's name).
Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730,
iv. p. 1 80.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 238.
Niceron, Memoires, 1731, xv. pp. 95-108 (relies
upon Mackenzie's biography, and says Bayle's
account is ' fort imparfait ').
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce,
1732, p. 132.
Brucker, Kurze Fragen aus der Philosophischen
Geschichte, 1734, v. p. 1082 (a mere reference).
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina mediae et inftmae
Aetatis, Florent., 1736, v. p. 233 ; 1858, v. p. 75.
Job. Godofredus Schmutzerus, Dissertatio de
Michaele Scoto veneficii iniuste damnato. Lips.,
1739, 4°. (I have not seen this.)
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1739, xxi. col. 41 (a
poor notice).
Schmutzerus, De Friderici secundi I. R. C. A. in
rem litterariam meritis dissertatio. Resp. I. G.
Bosio. Lips. (1740), 4°, pp. 5 (Michael a distin-
guished astronomer and astrologer) ; 34-35 ( ' vir
doctissimus ac honoris potius quam contumeliae
caussa nominandus').
Lenglet Dufresnoy.Histoiredela Philosophic Her-
mMque, 1742, iii. pp. 56 (' De NaturaSolis et Lunae'),
296 (' Mensa Philosophica, ' De Secretis Naturae ').
Tanner, Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, 1748,
p. 525. (List of works in MS.)
Boerhaave, Alethodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, p. 499 ('MICHAELIS SCOTI Physiognomia,
Parisiis, 1508. 8. mihi ignota est. Habet DOUGLAS-
sius').
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 507 (inaccurate).
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 141.
Freytag, Adparatus litterarius, 1753, ii. p. 1420,
No. ccxiix. (edition of Sacrobosco); p. 814 ('Mensa
Philosophica, ' discusses whether it is by Scotus or
by Anguilbertus).
Mor6ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 1759,
IX. ii. p. 296 (a meagre notice).
Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 61.
Brucker, Historia critica Philosophies, 1766, iii.
p. 786.
Portal, Histoire de I ' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, i. p. 254.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, p. 140
(quotes the 1487 ed. of the ' Physionomia,' and dis-
tinguishes it from the ' Secreta,1 1615, 1669, 1740 ;
French, 1590, 16° ; ' Plena summa subtilitatis et
superstitionis ').
Walter Scot of Satchels, A Tnie History of
several Families of the Right Honourable Name of
Scot, Edinb., 1776, pp. 28, 34, 35.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
P- 355 (' Mensa philosophica ').
C. E. Weigel, Einleitung zur allgemeincn
Scheidekunst , 1788, i. p. 275.
Camden, Britannia, ed. Gough, 1789, iii. p. 186.
Meiners, Historische Vergleichungder Sitien . . .
des Mittelalters mit denen unsers Jahrhunderts,
1793, ii. pp. 492-493 (Michael Scotus was
Frederick's Astrologer, and translated Aristotle's
work on Animals from the Arabic, but Roger
Bacon accused him of appropriating the work
of Andrew, the Jew).
Panzer, Annales Typographici , 1793, i. p. 231,
No. 208 ; 1798, vi. p. 365, No. 164 ; 1800, viii. pp.
212, No. 2745; 39L No. 433; 423, No. 713; 458,
No. 995; 521, No. 1581 (Sphaerae Tractatus Jo.
de Sacrobusto).
Tiedemann, Geist der speculativen Philosophic,
X795i iy- P- 3*9 (inaccurate).
Kestner, Geschichte der A'lathematik, Gottingen,
J797> "• P- 512 (edition of Sacrobosco).
Buhle, Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, Gottin-
gen, 1800, i. p. 856.
SCOTUS
359
SCOTUS (MICHAEL). Continued.
Notices et Ex traits des Man-merits de la Biblio-
theque Nationale, An. IX. [1801], vi. pp. 387-485
(Michael's translation of Aristotle's History of
Animals).
Sir Walter Scott, The Lay of the Last Minstrel,
1805, Canto ii. and notes.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 112.
Tennant, Anster Fair, 1812, canto v. p. in
(a story about the Wizard).
Aikin, Genera/ Biography, 1814, ix. p. 83 (article
by Johnston, well informed for the time).
David Irving, The Lives of the Scotish Poets,
Edinburgh, about 1815, i. pp. 21-23.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816, xxvii. p. 283.
Robert Law, Memorials, . . . edited . . . by C.
Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Edinburgh, 1818, p. xv.
Jourdain, Recherches critiques sur VAge et
rOrigine des Traductions Latines d Aristote, 1819,
pp. 138 (translation of Alpetragius), 237 (Scot's
translations), 358-389 (translation of Aristotle on
Animals).
The Edinburgh Magazine and Literary Mis-
cellany, being a new series of The Scots Magazine,
1820, vi. pp. 491-499; vii. pp. 99-104 (and re-
ferences), (articles signed 'W'). ['The Scots
Magazine,' Ixxxvi., for 1820, Part I., and Ixxxvii.,
for 1820, Part II.] (See Tytler, 1831.)
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors, ii.
839 iu (puts him in the I5th century).
Biographie Universelle, 1825, xli. p. 363 ; no
date, xxxviii. p. 550 (taken from Aikin and John-
ston).
Allan Cunningham, Sir Michael Scott, a
Romance, London, 1828, 3 vols. , 12°.
Ebert, Allgemeines Bibliographisches Lexikon,
1830, ii. col. 744, No. 20718.
P. F. Tytler, Lives of Scottish Worthies, 1831,
i. pp. 93-128. (This is a reprint, with some verbal
alterations, unadvised omission of the notes and
most of the references to authorities, and condensa-
tion and modification of the text of the article, in the
' Edinburgh Magazine." Presumably, therefore,
that article, though it is signed ' W,' was really
written by Tytler.)
Tennemann, A Manual of the History of Philo-
sophy, Oxford, 1832, p. 241 ; London, Bohn, 1852,
p. 233 (his translations).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 139
(inaccurate).
Catalogues of Scotish Writers, Edinburgh, 1833,
p. 108.
William Godwin, Lives of the Necromancers,
1834, p. 254 (a mere note).
James Maidment, Analecta Scotica, 1834, i. p.
235. (' Conventio' between the Abbot and Convent
of Dunfermline and Michael Scot, heir of Riccardus,
of Halwearie, 1280, so that this is quite a different
person.)
R. Chambers, Lives of illustrious and distin-
guished Scotsmen, 1835, iv. pp. 203-205.
David Buchanan, De Scriptoribus Scotis Libri
duo, nunc primum edili, Edinb. , 1837, p. 74
(edited by Dr. Irving for the Bannatyne
Club).
Haiti, Repertorium Bibliographicum, 1838, II. ii.
pp. 293-300 (Nos. 14542-14555).
James Hogg, The Poetical Works, 1838, i. p.
220 (in Note x. to 'the Queen's Wake,' Hogg
gives a version of the story of Michael Scot and
the witch of Fauldshope differing somewhat from
Sir Walter Scott's) ; ii. p. 339 (in Note xvi. to
' The Mountain Bard ').
Libri, Histoire des Sciences Mathtmatiques, 1838,
ii. p. 23.
Ferd. Wustenfeld, Geschichte der Arabischen
Aerzte und N a turf or sc her, 1840, p. 73, No. 40
(Avicenna : ' Liber de Animalibus,' interprete
Mich. Scoto, Ven. 1494), 107, No. 13 ('Succincta
expositio Metaphysicorum Nicolai ').
Robertson, Deliciae Literariae : a new volume
of Table-Talk, 1840, pp. 127 (a book of unlawful
arts, by Michael Scot), 198-204 (ridicules — after
Tytler — Michael's Physiognomy and yet devotes
four pages to his ' drivelling follies ').
Warton, History of English Poetry, 1840, i. p.
cxxxv. ; ii. p. 90.
Gardiner's Miscellany of Literature, Science,
History and Antiquities, Cupar, 1842, pp. 64-71
(article on Scot by Robert Wilson).
Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literdr-
geschichte, 1842, II. ii. pp. 579 (short notice from
Mackenzie, Bayle, Niceron and others) ; 622 (' Phy-
siognomia ') ; 635 (' Mensa philosophica') ; 680
(translations of Aristotle) ; 816 (commentary on
the Sphere).
Histoire Litttraire de la France, 1842, xx. pp.
43-51 (article by Daunou).
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 135 ;
1869, ii. p. 130 (mere mention of the tract in the
1 Theatrum ').
The New Statistical Account of Scotland, 1845,
iii. Selkirk, p. 3 (Oakwood and Michael) ; ix., Fife,
p. 150 (Balwearie and life of Michael).
James Bruce, Lives of Eminent Men of Fife,
Cupar-Fife, 1846, pp. 1-91 (an ill-conditioned and
prejudiced notice, but containing the references
then available).
Dictionnaire des Sciences Philosophiques, 1852,
vi. p. 570 (article on Scot by Haur&iu).
Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Naturelsau Moyen
Age, 1853, p. 235 (thinks Michael possibly a pupil
of Albertus, following Me'zeray; but Michael was
already 25 or 30 years old when Albertus was born
in 1205).
Hallam, Introduction to the Literature of Europe,
4th ed. , 1854, i. p. 93 (mentions him in a note as
'pretending to translate Aristotle,' and quotes
Meiners). [Meiners1 Vergleichung, 1793, is one of
Hallam's authorities, and his reference in the
present instance is to ii. 664. As volume ii. con-
tains only 555 pages, and, so far as I can see, is
not numbered by paragraphs or in any other way,
I do not understand Hallam's number. This is
not the only case, however, for he repeatedly
directs his reader to numbers beyond 555, what-
ever is meant by them.]
Milman, ' Michael Scott almost an Irish Arch-
bishop,' Philobiblon Society, Bibliographical and
Historical Miscellanies, 1854, small 4°, i. pp. 8.
Scrope, Days and Nights of Salmon Fishing in
the Tweed, 1854, pp. 183, 247, 249 (legends about
the Wizard).
Milman, History of Latin Christianity, 1855, iy-
p. 367 (B. IX. ch. xiii.) ; vi. pp. 379, 446 (B. XIV.
chs. i., iii.).
Holtrop, Catalogus Librorum saeculo XV* im-
pressorum, quolquot in Bibliotheca Regia Hagana
asservantur, 1856, p. 365.
Alexander Whitelaw, The Book of Scottish Bal-
lads, 1857, p. 249. ('The Warlock of Aikwood,'
a modern ballad by W. G. B. , on Michael's em-
bassy to France. )
The English Cyclopaedia, 1857, Biography, v.
col. 366.
Renan, Averroes et /' 'Averroisine, 1861, pp. 205-
210.
SCO TUS—SCUL TE TVS
SCOTUS (MICHAEL). Continued.
James A. Wade, History of St. Marys Abbey,
Melrose, 1861, pp. 301, 349 (no mention of his
burial there).
Brunei, Manuel du Libraire et de I'1 Amateur des
Livres, Paris, 1862, iii. col. 1635 ('mensa'); 1864,
v. cols. 240, 1228.
T. L. Kington, History of Frederick the Second,
Emperor of (he Romans, 1862, i. pp. 283 (Michael
befriended by Gregory IX.), 441 (the second edition
of Fibonacci's treatise on the Abacus dedicated to
Michael in 1228), 449-451 (notes on his life, imper-
fect), 465 (Michael, the Emperor's astrologer), 467 ;
ii. p. 138.
Agnew, A History of the Hereditary Sheriffs of
Galloway, 1864, p. 81. (Michael Scot atGlenluce;
a ' vout ' contains his library of books on incanta-
tions and the black art).
Graesse, Tresor de Livres Rares, 1865, VI. i. p. 329.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 998.
William Ballingall, The Shores of Fife, 1872,
p. 35, and drawing of Balwearie Castle.
John Small, 'Sketches of Early Scottish Al-
chemists : Michael Scot . . . ' Proceedings of the
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, vol. xi., Session
1874-75, PP- 179-183.
Pauly, Bibliographic des Sciences Medicaks,
1874, iii. col. mo.
Franck, Dictionnaire des Sciences Philosophiques,
J875> P- 1577 (inaccurate).
Mactaggart, The Scottish Gallovidian Encyclo-
pedia, 2nd edit., 1876, pp. 145 (origin of the name
Criffle), 457 (the ' vout ' at Glenluce).
Allibone, A critical Dictionary of English Liter-
ature, 1878, ii. p. 1961.
Win. Fraser, The Scotts of Buccleuch, 1878, i.
p. xxxv., and portrait (connects him with Balwearie,
and identifies the scholar and ambassador, which
is impossible according to dates).
Veitch, The History and Poetry of the Scottish
Border, 1878, p. 226 (favourable notice).
B. Haure'au, Histoire de la Philosophic Scolas-
tique, 1880, Seconde Partie, i. pp. 124-130.
William Grossart, Historic Notices . . . of the
Parish of Shotts, 1880, p. 14 (the legend of the
' Pack-Stane ' ; Grossart connects Michael with
the Scotts of Murdoston).
The Antiquary, 1882, v. pp. 53-56 (Birthplace
of Michael Scotus, by T. Hutcheson) ; 1884, x. p.
103 (a legend of Scotus).
The Encyclopedia Britannica, gth ed., 1886,
xxi. p. 469.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 791 (Hain,
14546).
Scriptores Greed Physiognomonici, ed. Rich.
Foerster, Lips., 1893, i. pp. xxiii. sqq., clxxix.
J. Wood Brown, An Enquiry into the Life and
Legend of Michael Scot, Edinburgh, 1897, 8°, pp.
xvi, 281 [i] ; frontispiece, vignette, and facsimile.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1897, !•• PP-
59-6 (article by tineas Mackay, founded on Wood
Brown's Enquiry, and revised by him).
SCRIPTUM [anonymi] . . . elixir Solis Theophrasti Paracelsi tractans.
See BARNAUD (NICOLAUS), Quadriga Aurifera, 1599, p. 89.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 828.
SCUDALUPIS (PETRUS ARLENSIS DE).
See PETRUS Arlensis de Scudalupis.
Arpe, De prodigiosis Natures et Artis operibus
Talismanes . . . dictis . . . liber singularis, 1717,
pp. 122, 151.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinische?i
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 574.
Fridericus Boerner, Bibliothecae Librorum rari-
orum physico-medicorum historico-criticae Specimen
secundum, Helmstadii, 1752, p. 65, No. xxxi
(note on the Speculum Lapidum of Camillus
Leonhardus, August. Vindel., 1533, 4°).
Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 458.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
P- 593-
SCULTETUS QOHANN).
See TAKIUS (JOHANN), Kurtze Rede von der Gold Geburth, 1668.
There are two or three persons of this name who
require to be carefully distinguished from each other.
Johann Schultz, or Joannes Scultetus, translator
of Takius' book, was born at Ntirnberg, 7 Aug.,
1621, studied medicine, and was admitted a
member of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum in
1672, with the name of Perseus I. He was deeply
interested in botany, wrote some medical papers,
edited Mindererus' work on military medicine,
Ntirnberg, 1667, 12°, and was the author of
'Trich'asis admiranda, sive, Morbus pilaris mira-
bilis observatus, Noribergae, apud Michaelem
Endterum, 1658, 12°, and ' Prophylaxis, circa
praesentem et futurum sanitatis statum, Oratione
proposita,' Ibid apud eundem, 1665, 12°.
He was town physician at Ntirnberg, and died
there 13 Feb., 1680, according to Biichner, Will,
and Eloy, but in 1687 according to Witte and
Moller.
He does not seem to have any connection with
the other persons of the name, who have been
confused by certain authorities but have been
distinguished by Moller.
One of these is Joannes Scultetus, the elder,
born at Ulm, 1595, town-physician there, a dis-
tinguished surgeon, and author of a work :
' Armamentarium chirurgicum,' Ulmas, 1654 ;
Hagae Com. , 1656, fol. He died at Stuttgart in 1645.
To this writer Van der Linden has erroneously
assigned the ' Historia Trichiaseos admirandse
sive Morbi Pilaris,' Norib. 1658. This confusion
was pointed out by Voglerus.
The other is Joannes Scultetus," the younger, who
was a brother's son of the preceding, and was born
at Ulm. He, too, became town-physician there,
and brought out a new edition of his uncle's
'Armamentarium.' He died at Ulm in 1663 of a
spotted fever.
SCULTETUS—SECRETUM 361
SCULTETUS (JOHANN). Continued.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 680. Biichner, Academia; . . . Natures Curiosorum
Witte, Diarium • Biographicum, 1688, Anno 1687, Historia, 1755, P- 4^6- No. 45.
sig. Aaaaa 2 verso. G. A. Will, Nurnbergisclies Gelehrten-Lexicon,
Moller, Homonymo-Scopia historico-philologico- 1757, iii. p. 664 ; 1808, viii. (Nopitsch's ' Vierter
critica, Hamb. , 1697, p. 721, No. cxxi. Supplementband,') p. 187.
Valentinus Henr. Voglerus, Introductio univer- Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 533.
salts in notitiam cujuscunque generis bonorum Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. pp. 425,
scripiorum cum notis et avgmento Henrici Meibo- 473 (Trichiasis admiranda), 593 (various notes).
mii, Editio secunda, Helmestadii, 1700, 4°, cap. Haller, Bibliotheca Chimrgica, 1774, i. p. 418.
iix. pp. 48, 49. Kloy, Dictionnaire Hislorique de la Medicine,
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- 1778, iv. p. 237.
ariam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 809. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 25), vii. p. 185.
1731, II. ii. p. 240. Biographic Universelle, 1825, xli. p. 394; no
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen date, xxxviii. p. 601 (article by Weiss).
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 831, 832. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi-
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, cales, 3eme St^rie, 1880, viii. p. 371.
p. 773. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxvi., col. 771. den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. 272.
col. 453-
SEAL (The) of Secrets.
See PRIVY (The) Seal of Secrets.
SECRET der Alchimey.
See TRACTATUS darinn das gantze Secret der Alchimey . . . begriffen ist
SECRETA lapidis philosophici ignoti authoris.
See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . volumina, 1610, i. p. 249.
See GEBER, Summa Perfectionis, 1682, p. 261.
See PHILOSOPHICI Lapidis Secreta.
See GEHEIMNUSS des Philosophischen Steins.
See GEHEIMNUSS vom Stein der Weisen.
SECRETA Secretorum.
See JOHANNES PAUPERUM.
SECRETS.
See PRIVY (The) Seal of Secrets.
SECRETS disclos'd of the Philosophers Stone.
See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, l68o, p. l8o.
SECRETS merveilleux . . . du Petit Albert.
See ALBERTUS Parvus, 1743.
SECRETS reveal'd : or, an Open Entrance to the Shut-Palace of the King.
See PHILALETHA.
SECRETUM Omnium Secretorum.
See NEANDER (THEOPHILUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. I.
See GEHEIMNISS aller Geheimnisse.
SECRETUM Secretorum Naturae de laude lapidis Philosophorum.
See BACON (ROGER), De Arte Chymiae scripta, 1603, p. 285.
362
SEGER VON WEIDENFELD— SEMLER
SEGER VON WEIDENFELD (JOHANN).
See WEIDENFELD (JOHANN SEGER VON).
SEHR geheim gehaltene . . . experimentirte Kunst Stiicke.
See JUGEL (JOHANN GOTTFRIED), 1789.
SEMIRAMIS.
See TUMBA.
SEMITA.
Semita Semitae.
See ALCHIMIA (DE) Opuscula, 1550, i. f. 69.
See ARTIS AURlFERiE . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 280.
Semita Semitae, oder Fufssteig defs Fufssteigs.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 378.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, i. p. 460.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 210.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 34, 37.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 142.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 383.
SEMLER (JOHANN SALOMON).
Von achter hermetischer Arzenei. An Herrn Leopold Baron Hirschen in
Dresden. Wider falsche Maurer und Rosenkreuzer. Leipzig, bei Georg
Emanuel Beer, 1786.
8°. Pp. 84.
Semler was born at Salfeld, 18 Dec., 1725. In
1743 he went to Halle University and stopped there
for seven years. He lived with Baumgarten, who
was as a father to him, and employed him in the
compilation of the ' Nachrichten einer Hallischen
Bibliothek.' After leaving Halle and staying a
short time at Salfeld, Semler was appointed
professor at Coburg, but, as there was no pay,
he had to write for a livelihood. In 1751 he
was made professor of history and belles lettres
at Altdorf, and the year following received a
call to Halle as professor of theology. Out of
modesty he at first declined this invitation, but was
persuaded by Baumgarten to accept it. He came
in 1753 and held the chair till 1791 with great
advantage to the University, as he was one of the most
learned and distinguished members of the theological
faculty and was considered equal, if not superior,
Will, Nurnbergisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1757,
iii. pp. 686-691 ; 1808, viii. (Nopitsch's ' Vierter
Supplementband ') pp. 201-212.
D. Joh. Salomo Semlers Lebensbeschreibung von
ihm selbst abgefafst, Halle, 1781, 1782. 2 The. 8°.
Bougine', Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar-
geschichte, 1791, iv. p. 718.
Schlichtegroll, Nekrolog auf das Jahr 1791, ii.
pp. 1-81.
Saxius, Onotnasticon literarium, 1803, viii. pp.
81-84.
Meusel, Das Gelehrte- Teutschland, oder Lexikon
der ietzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 4te Ausg. ,
1784, iii. p. 535 ; Nachtrag, 1786, i. pp. 607, 751 ;
1787, ii. p. 357; 1788, iii. p. 339; 1791, iv. pp.
683, 859 ; 1795, V. ii. p. 329.
to Baumgarten in his knowledge of history and its
illustrations of theology.
In 1757, after Baumgarten's death, he was ap-
pointed director of the Theological Seminary and
latterly of the Associated Paedagogic Institute.
After twenty years' administration of these offices,
he was deprived of them, a loss which he felt
keenly, though he continued to discharge his other
duties faithfully.
He was the author of a great number of works on
theological subjects, and of one to which reference
has been often made in the present catalogue :
Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic der Rosen-
kreuzer, Leipzig, 1786-1788, 8°, 4 parts. A long
list of his works occupying sixteen pages is given
by Meusel.
In his later years he devoted his leisure time to
making chemical experiments. His death took
place on 14 March, 1791.
Joh. Christoph Hoffbauer, Geschichle der Uni-
•versitdt zu Halle bis zum Jahre 1805, Halle, 1805,
pp. 270-271, 275, 326, 337.
Meusel, Lexicon der vom fahr 1750 bis 1800
verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1813, xiii. pp.
89-107 (and references).
Biographie Universelle, 1825, xli. p. 555 ; no
date, xxxix. p. 34.
Herzog, Real-Encyklopiidie ftir protestantische
Theologie und Kirche, 1884, xiv. pp. 111-119 (and
references).
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 12, 149, 292.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1891, xxxiii. pp.
698-704 (article by Paul Tschackert, and references).
Herm. Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie,
Berlin, 1904, pp. 259, 262*, 642 (Luftsalz).
SENAC—SENDIMIR VON SIEBENSTERN
363
SENAC QEAN BAPTISTS).
Nouveau Cours de Chymie, suivant les Principes de Newton & de Sthall (sic).
Avec un Discours Historique sur 1'Origine & les progrez de la Chymie.
Non fingendum aut excogitandum, sed inveniendum quid Natura facial
aut ferat. Bacon.
A Paris, Chez Jacques Vincent, rue & vis-a vis 1'Eglise S. Severin, a 1'Ange.
M.DCC.XXIII. Avec Approbation et Privilege du Roy.
12°. Pp. Ixvij, [3] 1-246. 2nd volume; Fly-title: "Suite du Nouveau Cours de
Chymie," marked 247 ; verso blank ; pp. 247-796.
The first part contains a historical essay, pp.
Ixvij ; general principles and processes ; the second
part contains the preparation of substances with
remarks. The book is of interest because the
author often discusses the views of the alchemists,
and points out their errors.
The author, according to Weigel, was Senac ;
but, if by him, it is not always included among his
works by other authorities. Eloy mentions it only
to condemn it. He says : ' It is a mistake to credit
it to Senac. It is the crude result of the zeal of
some students who selected what they could from
the lectures of Geoffroy and Boulduc at the Jardin
du Roi ; it is absolutely unworthy of the skilful pen
to which it is attributed.' But it is credited to him
by L. Hahn, who also quotes an edition, Paris,
1737, 2 vols. 12°.
Jean Baptiste, called also Pierre, Senac, was born
in 1693 near Lombez, in Gascony, was M.D. of
Rheims, M.B. of Paris, and was a man of con-
siderable influence. He showed his interest in the
faculty of medicine at Paris by offering it on the
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 7.
Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomieetde la Chirurgie,
1770, iv. p. 607 et passim.
Christian Ehrenfried Weigel, Grundrifs der
reinen und angewandten Chemie, 1777, i. p. n,
No. 24.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine,
1778, iv. p. 245.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 116.
Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire
historique, 1804, xi. p. 232.
Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 101 (calls
him John and adds that lie is called Peter in the
list of the Academy of Sciences).
Biographie Medicate, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 197.
Biographie Universelle, 1825, xlii. p. i ; no date,
xxxix. p. 48.
QueYard, La France LitMraire, 1838, ix. p. 46.
SEND-BRIEF.
See ALEXANDER.
See EPISTOLA.
See SENDSCHREIBEN.
part of the Government a fermage of 30,000 frs.
per annum, which it wanted for the improvement
of its anatomy school. This offer, however, was
not accepted.
Senac's first work was a translation of Heister's
Anatomy, Paris, 1724, and he followed it up by
numerous books and papers on various parts of
anatomy, physiology and medicine. His works
were distinguished alike by erudition and by great
literary skill and taste. These, coupled with his
successful cure of a dangerous illness which had
attacked the Marshal de Saxe in 1745, established
his fame. He attended the Marshal in his cam-
paigns, and on his death settled at Versailles,
where he was made assistant physician of Louis
XV., and on the death of Chicoyneau in 1752 he
was appointed premier physician, with the title of
Councillor of State. He enjoyed a European repu-
tation, was a member of the Academy of Sciences
and of the Royal Society of Nancy, and superin-
tendent of the mineral waters throughout the
kingdom. He died 20 Dec. 1770, aged 77.
Dezeimeris, Dictionaire Historique de la Mede-
cinc, 1839, iv. p. 144.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 390 ;
1849, ii. p. 254 (medical and anatomical works).
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, ii.
P- 752-
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 902.
Nouvelle Biographie Generate, 1864, xli. col. 740
(no mention of the present work).
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mldi-
cales, 3eme SeYie, 1880, viii. p. 604 (article by L.
Hahn).
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicint 1881, ii. pp.
546, 636.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte oiler Zeiten und Vdlker, 1887, v. p.
361.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 872
(medical writings only ; the present work is not
included).
SENDIMIR VON SIEBENSTERN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH).
See SABOR (CHRYSOSTOMUS FERDINANDUS VON).
See STEINBERGEN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH VON).
364 SENDIVOGIUS
SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL).
Sohn Sendivogii : Filius Sendivogii.
See HARPRECHT (jOHANN).
Michaelis Sendivogii Chymische Schrifften, darinnen gar deutlich von dem
Ursprung, Bereit- und Vollendung des gebenedeiten Steins der Weisen
gehandelt wird. Nebst einem kurtzen Vorbericht ans Liecht gestellet durch
Friederich Roth-Scholtzen Siles. Niirnberg, bey Job. Dan. Taubers seel.
Erben. 1718.
8°. Pp. [4, including the frontispiece] 43 [i] 250 (for 350). Title red and black.
Folding title : Speculum Philosophicum, at p. i. Title : Vom Mercuric, p. 69. Title :
Vom Schwefel, p. 93. Title : Epistolae LV. , between pp. 192-3, red and black. Title :
Des Vortrefflichen Abts Synesii aus Griechenland Chymische Schrifften, . . . between
202-3 (302-3), in red and black. Title : Fr. Basilii Valentin! Ordin. Benedict. Via
Veritatis ... p. 223 (323).
Abhandlung vom Mercur.
See BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR), Die game hohere Chemie, 1787, p. 283.
Aenigma philosophicum ad filios veritatis.
See THEATRUM CHEM1CUM, 1659, iv. p. 442.
See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 585.
Anrede an die Sohne der Wahrheit iiber das philosophische Rathsel.
See ALBINEUS (NATHAN), Bibliotheca Chemica Contracta, 1673, Part ii. p. 55.
See MANGET (J. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 473.
See SETON (ALEXANDER), Zwolf Biicher, 1751, p. 63.
See BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR), Die ganze hohere Chemie, 1787, p. 335.
Philosophisches Ratzel an die Kinder der Wahrheit.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 350.
Parabola seu ^Enigma Philosophicum coronidis & superadditamenti loco
adjunctum.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 444.
See ALBINEUS (NATHAN), Bibliotheca Chemica Contracta, 1673, Part ii. p. 59.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 474.
See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 585-
This is identical with the ^ENIGMA PHILOSOPHORUM sive Symbolum Saturni (q.v.).
Gleichnifs, oder philosophisches Rathsel.
See BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR), Die gantze hohere Chemie, 1787, p. 338.
See SETON (ALEXANDER), Zwolf Bucher, 1751, p. 67.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemic, Ander Buch, p. 356.
Apographum Epistolarum hactenus ineditarum super Chemia.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 493.
The Briefe form a translation of this.
SENDIVOGIUS 365
SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). Continued.
Michaelis Sendivogii, eines grofsen Philosophen Fiinf und funfzig Briefe, den
Stein der Weisen betreffend. Aus dem Lateinischen ubersetzt. Frankfurt
und Leipzig, In Johann Georg Fleischers Buchhandlung 1770.
8°. Pp. 152.
Dialogus Mercurii, Alchymistae et Naturae. Scriptus in Gratiam Amici Coroades.
Auctore eo, Qui
DIVI LESCHI GENUS AMat.
Colonise, Imprimebat Seruatius Erffens. Anno M. DC. VII.
8°. Pp. 28.
This famous dialogue, which forms part of the ou Nouvelle Lumiere de la Phisique Naturelle,
Novum Lumen, has been often printed: — Paris, 1629, 12°; La Haye, 1639, 12°; Paris, 1669,
Paris, 1608, 12°; Coloniae, 1612, 1614, 12°; 12°; English in J. F.'s translation of the Novum
Venice, 1644 ; Wittebergae, 1614, 1623, 12° (with Lumen Chymicum, 1650, p. 59 ; 1674, p. 60 ; and
Milller's Miracula) ; in French with the Cosmopolite in Digby's, 1722, p. 93.
Colloquium Hermetico-Spagyricum, das ist : ein wunderhofliches, wolgegriindetes
Chymisches Gesprach zwischen der Natur, dem Mercuric, und einem
Alchymisten.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICT/US), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 121.
Dialogus Mercurii, Alchymistae et Naturae.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 448.
See ALBINEUS (NATHAN), Bibliotheca Chemica Contracta, 1673, Part ii., p. 68.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 384.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 475.
See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 590.
Gesprach zwischen dem Merkur, einem Alchemisten, und der Natur.
See BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR), Die ganze hohere Chemie, 1787, p. 346.
De Lapide Philosophorum, Tractatus Duodecim, e naturae fonte, & Manuali
experientia deprompti. Author sum, qui
DIVI LESCHI GENUS AMO.
Francofurti, Typis loannis Bringeri, Sumptibus AnthonI Humml. M.DC.XI.
8°. Pp. 64.
This is the same as the Novum Lumen Chymicum. 'Ad filios veritatis ; Aenigma
Philosophicum,' pp. 53-56. ' Parabola seu Aenigma Philosophorum,' pp. 57-64.
Novum Lumen Chymicum, e Naturae Fonte et Manuali Experientia depromptum,
& in duodecim Tractatus diuisum : Cui accessit, i. Dialogus Mercurij,
Alchymistae, & naturae perquam vtilis. 2. Tyrociniu Chymicum loan.
Beguini, Christianiss. Regis Francor. Elemosyn. Coloniae, Apud Antonium
Boetzerum, sub signo Rubri Leonis. Anno M.DC.XVII.
12°. Pp. [6] 89 [i blank]. Title red and black. Vignette.
366 SENDIVOGIUS
SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). Continued.
The Tyrocinium has a separate pagination, and the following separate title-page (all in black) :
Tyrocinium Chymicum e Naturae Fonte et Manuali Experientia depromptum.
Autore loanne Beguino, Christianiss. Regis Franc. Eleemosynario. Hac postrema
editione ab ipsomet autore quam diligentissime recognitum & auctum. Coloniae,
Apud Antonium Boetzerum, M.DC.XV. Cum Priuilegio.
Pp. [14, 2 blank] 195 [5 blank]. Vignette.
As this 1615 edition appears under a 1617 title-page, it looks as if there were two editions. See
BEGUIN (JEAN).
Michaelis SendivogI Poloni Lumen Chymicum Novum XII. Tractatibus
divisum & totidem antiqvis figuris in Germania nuper repertis, notisqj
clarissimis illuminatum, renovatum, illustratum Opera & Studio 'Avoids "Qpdos
"HAios In gratiam genuinorum Hermetis filiorum publici juris factum.
Erphordise Typis Philippi Wittelii Impensis Johannis Birckneri Bibliopolae.
Anno M.DC.XXIV.
8°. Sigs. A to E in eights ; or pp. [3] 77 (even numbers on the recto). 13 woodcuts.
The commentary is separate, and has this title-page :
Epilogus & Recapitulatio in Michaelis SendivogI Poloni Novum Lumen Chymicum
Opera & Studio 'Av8p6s*Op6os"H\ios. In gratiam genuinorum Hermetis filiorum pub-
lici juris facti Anno M. DC. XXIV.
8°. Sigs. F to V in eights, or pp. [i] 230, but the pagination is irregular. Though
the title is in Latin, the book is in German. The Epilogus is by ORTHELIUS, whom see
for another copy.
With this commentary the following tracts are sophicis, materiam suam ex minore mundo desu-
incorporated : mentibus, p. 177.
Epistola Andreae de Blawen, geschrieben ad Epistola Cornelii Alvetani Arnsrodii de con-
Petrum Andream Matthiolum, in qua agitur de ficiendo Divino Elixire sive Lapide philosophico,
multiplici auri potabilis parandi ratione, p. 76. p. 187.
Epistola Anonymi de principiis artis Hermeticae, Astronomia inferior, seu Planetarum terrestrium
p. 118. motus & variatio, p. 199.
Expositio & practica Lapidis Adrop, collecta Rythmi de opere universal!, ex coslo soloque
ex libro Plinii Philosophi, qui intitulatur : Aro- prodeunte, p. 208.
maticum Philosophorum, Thesaurus & Secretum Extract vnnd Summarischer Inhaldt des Buch-
Secretorum, p. 125. leins genandt Gloria Mundi, oder Paradeifs Taffel,
Excerpta ex interlocutione Marias prophetissae p. 213.
sororis Moysis & Aaronis, habita cum aliquo Philo- Eiri sonderbar Werck, ex Theophrasto redivivo
sopho, dicto Arcs, de excellentissimo Opere trium Michaelis Pezelii, p. 224.
horarum, p. 129. Das Vrtheil oder Vergleichung des Gotts und
Epistola Joannis Pontani, in quade lapide, quern Richters Mercurii ini vralten Ritterkrieg, p. 227.
Philosophorum vocant, agitur, p. 149. Rythmi, p. 230.
Epistola Haimonis de quatuor Lapidibus philo-
Novum Lumen Chymicum. E Naturae fonte & manuali Experientia de-
promptum : Cui accessit Tractatus de Sulphure. Authoris Anagramma,
DIVI LESCHI GENUS AMO.
Genevae. Apud loannem de Tournes, Reipublicae & Academiae Typo-
graphum. M.DC.XXXIX.
8°. Pp. 229 [i]. Vignette with the motto : Quod tibi fieri non vis, alteri ne feceris.
loannis Aurelii Augurelli P. Ariminensis Chrysopoeia et Vellus Aureum. Quorum
ilia emendatissima prodit : hoc ver6 nunc primum ex veteri manuscripto sub typos
venit.
Editor in sacro accepit baptismate nomen,
Expressum literis Graecorum quod tribus, vt sit
Ordine NO prima, A\(f>a secunda, et tertia QTJTO,,
Tres prsebet totidem Sapientum arcana figuras.
• N Ae-
Pp.84.
SENDIVOGIUS 367
SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). Continued.
This was edited by Nath. Albineus, and is prac- fountains of Nature, and Manuall Experience.
tically an edition of his Bibliotheca Chemlca Con- To which is added a Treatise of Sulphur ... by
tracta (q.v.). The Novum Lumen Chymicum was J. F., M.D. London, 1650, 4°. Second edition,
first published at Prague in 1604. Another edition, London, 1674, 8°, as below. This is accompanied
edited by Beguinus, was brought out at Paris, 1608. by a tract of Paracelsus and a dictionary. The
12°, pp. [14, 2 blank] 135 [i blank], and there was 'New Light" includes the philosophical Enigma
one at Cologne, 1614, 12°. and the dialogue between the Alchymist, Mercury
Still another with the Tractatus de Sulphure and Nature. Was J. F. John French, or John
appeared at Venice, 1644, small sq. 8°, pp. 223 [i Freake? See FRENCH (JOHN).
blank]. Schmieder quotes editions : Frankfurt a. M. . 2. A Philosophical Account of Nature in General
1606, 8°, edited by Rulandus ; Cologne, 1610, 8°. ... by John Digby. London, 1722, 8°, pp. [10]
The French translation is entitled Cosmopolite, 348.
&c. , from the name of the adept who is the reputed Divi Leschi Genus Amo is an anagram of Michael
author of the tract. Sendivogius.
There are two English translations :
i. A New Light of Alchemy : Taken out of the
De Lapide Philosophico Tractatus duodecim.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, IV. p. 417.
This is the same as the Novum Lumen.
Zwolf Biicher von dem rechten wahren philosophischen Steine.
See SETON (ALEXANDER).
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 258.
Novum Lumen Chymicum.
See MULLER (PHILLIP), Miracula & Mysteria Chymico-Medica, 1623, p. 369.
See ALBINEUS (NATHAN), Bibliotheca Chemica Contracta, 1673.
Novum Lumen Chemicum e Natura Fonte et Manuali Experientia depromptum.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 463.
See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 545-
Commentarius in Novum Lumen Chymicum.
See ORTHELIUS.
A New Light of Alchymy.
See F. (j.), A New Light of Alchymy, &c., 1674, p. i.
Cosmopolite ou Nouuelle Lumiere de la Phisique naturelle. Traittant de la
constitution generale des Elements simples & des composez. Traduit
nouuellement de Latin en Francois. Par le sieur De Bosnay. A Paris,
Chez Pierre Billaine, rue S. lacques, a la Bonne Foy, deuant S. Yues.
M.DC.XXVIIII.
8°. Pp. [14, 2 blank] 103 [i blank]. Includes: ' Enigme Philosophique,' p. 66;
and 'Dialogue de Mercure, de 1'Alchymiste, & de Nature,' p. 77.
Traicte" du Soulphre, Second Principe de Nature. Faict par le mesme
Autheur, qui par cy deuant a mis en lumiere le premier Principe, intitule"
le Cosmopolite. Traduit de Latin en Francois par F. Guiraud, Docteur en
368 SENDIVOGIUS
SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). Continued.
Medecine. Auec plusieurs autres Opuscules du mesme suject. A Paris,
chez Pierre Billaine, rue S. lacques, a la bonne Foy, deuant S. Yue.
M.DC.XXVIIII.
8°. Pp. [8] 1-89 [p. 90 is blank].
The added Opuscules are : lacques Girard de Tournus, pp. 63 ; and Jean
Oeuvre Royalle de Charles VI. Roy de France, XXII., L'Art Transmutatoire, pp. 39 [i blank],
pp. 91-109 [no blank]. Other editions of the French translation are : La
Thresor de Philosophic ou Original du Desir Haye, 1639, 12°, pp. [14], 58 ; Traict£ du Soulphre,
Desir£ de Nicolas Flamel, pp. 111-152. pp. [8], 49 [i blank, tables 2, 2 blank]; Paris, 1669^
Appended, with separate signatures and pagina- 12° pp. [16], 118 ; Trait6 du Soulphre, pp. [14],
tion, are : 105 [3 blank] ; Traite" du Sel, pp. [6] 87 [i blank]!
Roger Bachon, De 1'Admirable Pouvoir et Puis- This last tract is not contained in the previous
sance de 1'Art & de Nature, ou est traict£ de la editions just mentioned. Schniieder quotes the
pierre Philosophale. Traduit en Fran9ois par following : Paris, 1609, 8° ; 1618, 8° ; 1691, 8°.
Tractatus de Sulphure altero Naturae principio, ab Authore eo, qui et
primum conscripsit principium.
Non nobis Domine non nobis, sed nomini tuo da gloriam.
ANGELUS DOCE MIHI IUS.
Vt possim dijudicare inter verum & falsum.
Coloniae, Apud Joannem Crithium sub signo galli. Anno M.D.CXVI.
8°. Pp. [9] 84 [3 blank]. The even numbers fall on the recto. Vignette of a cock,
with the motto : Reru Vigilantia Gustos.
Angelus doce mihi ius is another anagram of Michael Sendivogius.
Tractatus de Sulphure.
See ALBINEUS (NATHAN), Bibliotheca Chemica Contracts, 1673, Part ii. p. 89.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 479.
See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 60 1.
Abhandlung vom Schwefel.
See BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR), Die ganze hohere Chemie, 1787, p. 203.
Die geheime Naturlehre.
See GEHEIME (Die) Naturlehre der Hermetischen Wissenschaft zur Verfer-
tigung des gebenedeyeten Steins der Weisen, nach dem System des edlen
Sendivogii, 1770.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 193.
Michal Sedziwoj, latinized Sendivogius and Sen- he happened to be in Dresden, and, hearing of
divoius, comes first into notice as the person who Seton, carried him off from the prison in which
rescued the Scottish adept, Alexander Seton, he was confined, as is narrated under SETON.
known as the "Cosmopolite," from the clutches After Seton's death, Sendivogius married the
of Christian II. , Elector of Saxony. widow, and thus procured probably the rest of
About his origin and birthplace, and many inci- the transmuting powder, as well as Seton's manu-
dents of his career, the accounts are most con- script treatise on the stone, by which Sendivogius
flicting, and no attempt is made in the following hoped to learn the secret of its preparation. But
summary to reconcile them. According to one he failed in this, as the treatise was too obscure,
version, he was a Pole, born near Cracow, in Believing that he had now unlimited wealth at
1556, or in 1566, both dates are given ; according his disposal, he began to live in great style, and
to another he was the illegitimate son of a committed the error of posing in public as an
a Moravian nobleman, and did not like to be adept, forgetful of the misfortunes which had
called a Pole. He is said to have received a befallen his predecessor. The report of his deeds
good education in a monastery, and to have was bruited far and wide, and he was invited to the
acquired a liking for alchemy, which he culti- Court of Poland, where he transmuted silver into
vated by study, experiment, and intercourse with gold. Then in 1604 he went to the Emperor,
other alchemists. In the course of his journeyings Rudolph II., at Prague, and gave him some of the
SENDIVOGIUS
369
SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). Continued.
tincture with which the Emperor himself made
projection, and put up a marble slab on the wall
recording the wonder.
But this event was not without serious conse-
quences, for on his return journey to Cracow he
was waylaid by a Moravian Count, who seized and
imprisoned him, making a disclosure of the secret
the condition of his liberation. Sendivogius, how-
ever, contrived to escape, complained to the
Emperor, and the Count had to make compen-
sation to Sendivogius in the shape of an estate,
which may possibly have been that called
Gravarna.
He was also invited by Duke Frederick of
Wiirtemberg, who cultivated the art and kept a
private alchemist, to give a demonstration ot his
skill. In 1605 he went to Stuttgard, and was
received with much honour. He made two pro-
jections, and the Duke was so pleased that he
asked him to remain, and offered him the estate
of Neidlingen.
This, however, did not suit the resident alchemist,
von Mullenfels, who planned to rid himself of the
adept. This he did by telling Sendivogius that
the Duke was only playing with him, and that
before long he would torture the secret out of
him. Now calling to mind the sufferings of
Seton, Sendivogius took alarm at von Miillenfels'
warning, and left the Duke suddenly and secretly.
But in his flight he was seized in the name of the
Duke by emissaries of von Mullenfels, carried to a
castle belonging to von Mullenfels, and there kept
prisoner and despoiled of everything he pos-
sessed, including his transmuting powder. The
Duke was unable to understand Sendivogius' dis-
appearance, but von Mullenfels, having made some
projections with the stolen tincture, was rewarded
by receiving the property of Neidlingen. To this
he transferred Sendivogius, but gave him an
opportunity of escaping, of which Sendivogius
speedily availed himself, alter eighteen months'
captivity. Meanwhile Sendivogius' wife had got
word of her husband's imprisonment, and she
complained to the Emperor. Sendivogius himself,
after his escape, lodged an accusation against von
Mullenfels, who was ultimately tried, confessed
upon being threatened with the rack, and was
Hoghelande, Bericht von der Alchimey, Leipzig,
1604, pp. 25-51.
Zwinger, tipistola, 1606, in Ephemerid. Acad.
C<es. Aat. Curiosorum, Noribergae, 1690, Dec. II.
Bprel, Bibliotkeca Chimica, 1654, p. 210.
Pierre Borel, Tresor de fiecherches el Antiquitez
Gauloises et Francoises, Paris, 1655, pp. 474-489
('Vita Sendivogii' and a letter by Des Noyers) ;
581-586 (Translation of the ' Vita ').
Borrichius, De Ortu et Progressu Chemice Dis-
sertatio, 1668, p. 144.
Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione ad . . .
Joeiem Langeiottum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 149.
Henningus Witte, Memoriae Philosophorum,
1677-79, ii. pp. 615-628.
Kbnig, Bibliotheca -vetus et nova, 1678, p. 746
(calls him 'Sendigovius'J.
Poliarcho Micigno, Michael Sendivogii Leben,
wie Sulches an/angs in Jialidnischer Sprache
beschrieben von Poiiarcho Micigno, folgends in die
Frantzosische and nunmehro in die Hochteutsche
Sprache udersettet, und den Liebhabern aer Her-
metischen Wissenschaft zu Gef alien auff instdndiges
Begefiren an den Tag gegeben durch J. L. [Johann
Lange} M.C., Hamburg, bey Georg Wolff, in St.
II.
hanged upon a gilded gallows in a dress covered
over with tinsel.
The narrative of this affair from the original
documents has been printed by Murr.
Sendivogius is said to have been waited on at
Gravarna by two strangers, who gave him a letter
from the Fraternity of Rosicrucians, inviting him
to join them. He declined the honour, however,
though he was afterwards spoken of as a member
of it.
Partly by his extravagance and lavish expendi-
ture of the ' Stone ' which he had received from
Seton, and partly through the robbery by von
Mullenfels, his supply had begun to run very low,
and he was compelled to be more careful with
what remained. Even this he diminished by using
some as a tincture for working cures, and by experi-
menting with it in attempts to increase his stock,
which proved entirely futile.
He was consequently driven to practise mere
deceptions in order to maintain his reputation,
such as the transmutation of silver medals and
coins on one side into gold, some of which were in
existence at a later date.
He died at Gravarna, in 1636 according to some,
in 1646 according to others, aged eighty years.
He edited the Novum Lumen Chymicum of
Seton, which is ascribed to himself, and he is con-
sidered to have written : Traclatus de Sulphure ;
Dialogus Mercurii, Alchymistce et Natural ; Aen-
igma philosophicum. These, which appear some-
times separately, are usually all printed together.
In addition there is a collection of fifty-live
letters which are assigned to Sendivogius. They
have been regarded as spurious and they do not
generally appear with the other works.
The tracts De sale philosophorum and Lucerna
Salts Philosophorum which are sometimes credited
to him are not by him, the former being by Nuyse-
ment and the latter by Harprecht.
His story has been dramatized by Wactaw
Szymanowski : Michal S^dziwoj. Dramat w pieciu
aktach oryginalnie wierszem napisany przez Wac-
iawa Szymanowskiego, Warszawa 1859, 8C, pp.
[6], 114. Among the personages introduced are
Sedziw6j, S^dziniir (his uncle), Seton, Zacharjasz von
Mullenstein, Hrabia Ulrych, Dr. Zwinger, and
Mardocheusz von Delle (the Court poet).
Johannis Kirchen, 1683, 12°, pp. 36. (It is pointed
out that the Cosmopolite and Sendivogius are quite
different persons. The Cosmopolite had the stone,
but it is doubtful if his successor, Sendivogius, pos-
sessed it. It is a letter to M. N. signed : Poliarco
Micigno, and dated 20 March, 1661.)
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 748
(under Leschus), 822 (ascribes to him ' Lucerna
Salis Philosophorum ' which is by Harprecht).
Conring, in Universam Artem Medicam . , .
Introductio, 1687, p. 381 (Intr. c. xi. § 17 ; pursued
magical arts ; but did he ?).
Henningus Witte, Diarium Biographic um, 1688,
Ann. 1646, sig. Vu 4 verso.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 31, No. xxxxvi.
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Schtide-Kunst, 1702, p. 88.
Horlacher, Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1707,
P- 145-
Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseudony-
morum, 1708, ' De Anonymis Scriptoribus,' p. 246,
No. ioiOj3 (long article on the Novum Lumen
Chymicum and the anagram ' Divi Leschi genus
amo') ; ' De Scriptoribus Pseudonymis,' p. 341, No.
2 A
370
SENDIVOGIUS—SENDSCHREIBEN
SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). Continued.
1316 (' Heliocantharus Borealis,' another pseudonym
of Sendivogius, according to Baillet, Liste des
Auteurs degvisez, p. 563).
Compendioses Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1715, col. 2028 ;
1726, col. 1032.
Roth-Scholtz, Sendivogii . . . Schrifften, 1718,
Vorrede.
Adrien Baillet, 'Liste des Auteurs d^guis^s,'
Jugemens des Savans, 1728, vi. p. 515.
Die Edelgebornc Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp.
82, 113.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scripiorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 244.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicee,
1732. P- 133-
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 323, 326-369 ; iii. pp. 48,
72, 140, 297, 304.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxvii. col. 9.
Tharsander, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, pp. 319, 359.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 500.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 142.
Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Historice Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 667.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
1778, iv. p. 247.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 91.
Giildenfalk, Sammlung -von mehr als hundert
Transmutationsgeschichte, Frankfurt u. Leipzig,
1784, pp. 14, 37, 253.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 271-277, 493, 495, 594.
Adelung, Geschichte der menschlichen Narrheit,
1788, vi. p. 47.
Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie, Duisburg,
1789, p. 162 sqq.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 311-
313 ; 1798... »• p- 4-
Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen-
kreuzer und des Freimaurerordens, 1803, p. 19.
SEND-SCHREIBEN.
See ABBATIA (ANTONIUS DE).
See FREUNDLICHES Send Schreiben, 1684.
See VERTRAULICHES Send-Schreiben, 1716.
See P. (j.), Ein griindlich philosophisch Sendschreiben, 1779.
SENDSCHREIBEN eines Adepten.
See LIMOJON DE SAINT DIDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE).
SENDSCHREIBEN an einen Durchlauchtigsten Prinz.
See FRYDAU (JOHANN FERDINAND VON), 1762.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv- P- 75-
SENDSCHREIBEN an seinen auserwehlten Schiller.
See MARSCIANO (FRANCISCUS ONUPHRIUS DE).
Murr, Litterarische Nachrichten zu der Geschichle
des sogenannten Goldmachens, 1805, pp. 54-79.
(The Miillenfels episode.)
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 87-8.
Lives of the Adepts in Alchemy stical Philosophy,
1815, p. 67; Waite's edition, 1888, pp. 21, 31, 175.
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 198.
Biographie Universelle, 1825, xlii. p. 10 ; no date,
xxxix. p. 59 (article by Eyries).
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii.
p. 430.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
343, 366-375, 601.
Michal Wiszniewski, Bakona Metoda Ttumac-
zenia Naiury, ktdra M. W. wyfozyt i przyda-t wia-
domosc o S^dziwoju Alchimiku Polskim, w Kra-
kowie, 1834, p. 181 ; new ed. Warszawa, 1877, 8°.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 136 ;
1869, ii. p. 131.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 232.
Figuier, L'Alchimie el les Alchimistes, 1856, pp.
224-244 (Seton), 244-256 (Sendivogius).
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbitch, 1863, ii. col. 903 (from Schmieder).
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouyaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1057-1072.
Karol Estreicher, Bibliografia Polska XIX.
Stdlecia, Krakbw, 1878, iv. p. 217 (modern works ;
the bibliography of i5-i8th century works has not
yet reached the letter S).
Dictionnaire Encyclopidique des Sciences Medi-
cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1880, viii. p. 606.
A. Bauer, Chemie und Alchymie in Osterreich,
1883, pp. 31, 32, 33, 34.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 128, 164, 198,
203 ; ii. pp. 7, 235, 322, 351, 387.
Hermann Schellenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie,
Berlin, 1904, pp. 243-244.
SENDSCHREIBEN eines Meyerianers an einen Blackianer in Ansehung der
fixen luft und der fetten Satire.
See DREV kleine Schriften, 1778, p. 43.
SENDSCHREIBEN— SENNERTUS 371
SENDSCHREIBEN von der Vortrefflichkeit der Chymischen Schrifften Petri.
Job. Fabri.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDRICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. p. 551.
SENDSCHREIBEN an die wahren Schiller Hermetis, in sich haltende die
vornehmsten Sechs Schliissel der geheimen Philosophise. Aus dem Frantz-
6'sischen ins Teutsche versetzet.
See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph, 1707, p. 195.
See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph, 1765, p. 195.
Signed Dives Sicut Ardens S***, and interpreted as Dydacus Senertus, and not
Sanctus Desiderius (q.v.).
SENIOR.
See ZADITH Senior.
See AURELLE Occultae Philosophorum Partes duo.
SENNERTUS (DANIEL).
De Arthritide Tractatus, Autore Daniele Sennerto, D. Medicinae in Academia
Wittebergensi Profess. & Sereniss. Elect. Saxon. Medico, Cui accessit Trago-
podagra Luciani. Wittebergae, Sumptibus Haeredum Zachariae Schureri
Senioris. Anno M.DC.XXXI.
4°. Pp. 1-109 [2> 2 blank] ; Podagra tragice producta a Luciano ; interprete M.
Erasmo Schmidio, 108-132. [i containing the colophon : Wittebergae, Typis Ambrosii
RothI Acad. Typogr. Anno MDC.XXXL] Vignette with the motto : Deo Duce:
Comite Lahore.
There was another edition in 1653. Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 237.
De Chymicorum cum Aristotelicis et Galenicis Consensu ac Dissensu Liber:
Cui accessit Appendix de Constitutione Chymiae : Authore Daniele Sennerto,
D. & Medic, in. A cad. Witteb. Profes. P. ac Seren. Elect. Sax. Med.
Editio Tertia ab Authore adhuc recensita. Cum Gratia & Privileg. Caesar.
Rom. Majest. Francofurti & Wittebergae, Sumptibus Hsered: D. Tobiae
Mevii, & Elerdi Schumacheri. Anno Christi, M.DC.LV.
4°. Pp. [20] 434 [u, i blank]. Vignette with the motto : Sic vires sumiraus ambo.
For a Commentary on this book, see MARTINI (Gregorius).
SENNERTUS (DANIEL), CULPEPER (NICHOLAS), COLE (ABDIAH).
Thirteen Books of Natural Philosophy : viz. I. Of the Principles, and common
Adjuncts of all Natural Bodies. II. Of the Heavens, the World, and
Elements. III. Of Action, Passion, Generation, and Corruption. IV. Of
Meteors. V. Of Minerals and Metals. VI. Of the Soul in general, and
of things Vegetable. VII. Of Animals or living Creatures. VIII. Of Man.
Unto which is added Five Books more of Natural Philosophy in several
Discourses.
IX. Discourse i. Of the Principles of Natural Things. X. Dis. 2.
Concerning the Occult and Hidden Qualities. XI. Dis. 3. Of Atomes and
372
SENNERTUS
SENNERTUS (DANIEL), ETC. Continued.
Mixture. XII. Dis. 4. Of the Generation of Live Things. XIII. Dis. 5.
Concerning the Spontaneous Generation of Live Things. Written in Latin
and English.
By Daniel Sennert9, Doctor of Physick. Nicholas Culpeper, Physitian
and Astrologer. Abdiah Cole, Doctor of Physick, and the Liberal Arts.
London : Printed by Peter Cole, Printer and Book-seller, and are to be sold
at his Shop, at the sign of the Printing-press in Cornhill, neer the Royal
Exchange. 1660.
Folio. Pp. [16] 1-156; 341-530; 161-224.
De Unguento Armario.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 585.
Sennertus, one of the most learned physicians of
his century, was born at Breslau, 25 Nov., 1572.
His father, who was a cordwainer, observing his
precocity, struggled hard to give him as good an
education as possible. He died when Sennertus
was thirteen, but his mother, assisted by friends,
carried on the father's design and enabled Sennertus
to complete his course at school. On 6 June, 1593,
in his 2ist year, he was matriculated in the philo-
sophical faculty at Wittenberg. His plan was to
study the languages and become a teacher in his
native place. He worked very hard and in 1598
took the degree of Master, being fourth in a list of
fifty-eight. To his arts subjects he now added
medicine, and to better his instruction attended the
universities of Leipzig, Jena, and Frankfurt on the
Oder. In 1601 in order to gain experience, he went
to Berlin where he was taken up by Johann Georg
Magnus, but being still without a degree, he decided
to return to Wittenberg, and there he graduated
10 Sept., 1601.
He had now the intention of becoming a practi-
tioner in Breslau, but by the call of Johann Jessenius
to Prague, a vacancy was caused in the professor-
ship of medicine at Wittenberg, and to this he was
appointed, 5 Sept., 1602.
Sennertus was renowned not only for his learning,
skill and success, but for the charm of his manners,
his unselfishness and generosity, and his devotion
to his patients. His reputation was so great that
people came to him from far and near and he was
the physician of several princes, among whom was
the Elector of Saxony who appointed him in 1628.
He threw himself with enthusiasm into his Uni-
versity work and attracted students from all parts
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 129.
Augustus Buchner, Oratio Panegyrica . . . dicata
ac dicta d. xxv. Julij A. ofo locXXXIIX. in
Academic. Wittebergensi. (This is also prefixed to
his works.)
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 210.
Crasso, Elogii d' Huomini letterati, Venetia,
1666, Parte Pnma, pp. 258-261, with a portrait.
Thomas Bartholinus, De libris legendis Disserta-
(tones VII., Hafniae, 1676, Dissert, iv., p. 116;
Francofurti, 1711, p. 91.
Witte, MemoricB Medicorum nostri seculi claris-
simorum renovate Decas Prima, Francof., 1676,
pp. 88-112 (reprint of Buchner's 'Oratio Panegy-
rica ').
Rober, Oratio funebris, Witteb., 1683.
of Germany. He was the first to introduce chem-
istry as a subject of the medical curriculum and to
make a serious effort to harmonise the doctrines of
the Galenic medicine with what he considered true
in Paracelsus' doctrines.
He had held his chair for five and thirty years,
when he at last fell a victim to the plague, and died
21 July, 1637, after having escaped six visitations
which the disease had previously paid to Witten-
berg. He was in his sixty-fifth year.
Though of immense learning and fully alive
to certain current errors, such as a universal
medicine, remedies which physicians kept secret,
the deceptions of the so-called alchemists, and the
rigid adherence to mere authority by the Galenists,
he still believed in transmutation, in the application
of astrology to medicine and in the supernatural
origin of disease. By opposition to certain dogmas
of the Peripatetics he laid himself open to the
charge of heresy and blasphemy, and he escaped
the consequences of what was then so grave an
accusation, by gaining to his view eight faculties of
theology whose decision on the points he had
solicited.
His works, which deal chiefly with medicine and
natural history, are very numerous. They were
collected and published at Venice, 1645, 3 vols.
fol., and they passed through several editions, one
of the best being that of Lyons, 1676, 6 vols. fol.
His chief contribution to chemistry is the work
above mentioned, in which he made the attempt to
reconcile the views of the chemists with those of
the Peripatetics and Galenists, but it was not
successful.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 235,
(Lists).
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . In-
troductio, 1687, pp. 54 (Intr. cap. ii. § 21), 190
(Intr. v. 10), 245-6 (Intro, vii. 14), 370 (Intr. xi. 6) ;
pp. 68 (Add. ii. 21. i), 211 (Add. v. 20. i), 229
(Add. vi. 7. i), 231 (Add. vi. ii. i), 253 (Add. vii.
13. i and 2).
Freher, Theatrum mrorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 1368, and portrait pi. 63.
Witte, Dicirium Biographicum, 1688, 21 Jul.,
1637, LI 2 verso.
Moller, Homonymo-Scopia hislorico-philologico-
critica, Hamburg, 1697, p. 722, No. cxxiii (not to
be confused with his son Andreas Sennertus).
Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum,
Genevas, 1710, p. 921.
SENNERTUS—SEPTEM
373
SENNERTUS (DANIEL), ETC. Continued.
Job. Herm. Fiirstenau, Desiderata medica, Lips.,
1727, p. 289.
Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, Am-
sterdam, 1730, iv. p. 189.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. pp. 245-253. (This contains a reprint
of Buchner's oration.)
Niceron, Memoires, 1731, xiv. p. 140.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 239, 268-9-70, S43-5'6. 574.
731-
James Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomicce Speci-
men, 1734, p. 220.
Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philosophischen
Historie, 1735, vi. pp. 844 (about atoms), 1272-73,
(reconciliation of Galen and the chemists) ; 1736,
vii. pp. 729, 732 (his life).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 779-
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermttique, 1742, i. p. 479.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxvii. p. 74.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
I75i. »• P- Si3 I "• PP- 595. 600, 697, 736, 882, 971.
Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 506.
Georgius Matthije, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, pp. 481, 532.
Portal, Histoire de I Anatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 370, et passim.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 447.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 344 ;
1777, ii. p. 752-
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, p. 290.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1777, ii.
P- 392.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
PP- 332- 572.
Jo. Frid. Blumenbach, Introductio in Historiam
Medicines litterariam, Goettingae, 1786, p. 217.
Carl Jos. Bougine', Handbuch der allgemeinen
Litterargeschichte, Zurich, 1790, iii. p. 232.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 597,
603, 674.
Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 378.
Chaudon & Delandiuc, Nouveau Dictionnaire
historique, 1804, xi. p. 241.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 94.
Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 104.
Biographie Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25). vii- P- 199-
Biographie Universelle, 1825, xlii. p. 42 ; no
date, xxxix. p. 79.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
pp. 284-287, 489.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 147.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 248 ;
1869, ii. p. 239.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp.
286, 289, 318.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i.
pp. 442-445.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 907.
Nouvelle Biographie Gfntrale, 1864, xliii. col. 770.
Raph. Finkenstein, in Deutsche Klinik, 1868, pp.
21, 63, 81, 125, 153, 181.
J. Victor Carus, Geschichte der Zoologie, Miin-
chen, 1872, p. 318 (' Geschichte der Wissenschaften
in Deutschland, Zwolfter Band ').
Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875,
iii. p. 160.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi-
cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1880, viii. p. 673 (article by A.
Dechambre).
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp.
213, 379 (life), 468 ; 1882, iii. p. 422.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 48.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 365.
J. Gratzer, Lebensbilder hervorragender schle-
sischer Aerzte aus den letzten vier J ahrhunderten ,
Breslau, 1889, pp. 53-59.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 877.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1892, xxxiv. p.
34 (and references ; article by Markgraf).
Herm. Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904,
p. 481.
SENTENTIA aut Compositio Litis Spiritus et Judicis Mercurii. Ex vetusto
scripto Bellum seu Duellum equestre vocato, ad accusationem & respon-
sionem Solis & Martis, per Picturas repraesentata.
See URTHEIL (Das) oder Vergleichung des Gotts vnnd Richters Mercurii im
vralten Ritterkrieg.
This is a German version of the above brief tract.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 519.
See also STERNHALS (JOHANN), Ritterkrieg.
SEPTALIUS (LUDOVICUS).
See SETTALA (LODOVICO).
SEPTEM Verba Philosophorum.
See MAGNI PHILOSOPHORUM Arcani Revelator, 1688, p. 369.
374
SERMO— SETON
SERMO in Turbam Philosophorum.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, V. p. 52.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 465.
SERVIUS (PETRUS).
Dissertatio de Unguento Armario.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 532.
Servius was born at Spoleto, and nourished
during the first half of the seventeenth century.
He was distinguished as a physician — medicus
celeberrimus, Jacobilli calls him — was a keen ad-
herent of Galen in many respects, though he
departed sometimes from the views of his master,
and was professor of the theory of medicine at
Rome. Several medical works were composed by
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 256.
Thomas Bartholinus, De libris legendis Disserta-
tiones VII., Hafniae, 1676, Dissert, ii. p. 39 ;
Francof. , 1711, p. 30.
Ludovico Jacobilli, Bibliotheca Umbrics, sive de
Scriptoribus Provincice Umbrice, Fulginiae, 1685,
p. 226.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 875
(Trevus), 906 (Servius).
Conring, In Universam Artem Mtdicam. , . . In-
troductio, 1687, p. 133 (Add. iii. 37. 3 ; commended
by Schelhammer).
Jo. Herm. Furstenau, Desiderata Medica, Lips.,
i727. P- 379-
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 259 (Servius).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 784-
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxvii. p. 560.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller
1751, p. 476 ; ii. pp. 697, 738, 885.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon^ 1751, iv.
col. 534.
him ; the above : Dissertatio de Unguento Ar-
mario, sive de naturae artisque miraculis,
appeared at Rome, 1642, 8°. In his book, ' De
sero lactis,' in which he had a controversy with
Steph. Rodericus Castrensis, he made an anagram
of his name and called himself Persius Trevus.
He died at Rome in 1648. and was buried in
the church of Maria Angelorum.
Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 431.
Portal, Histoirede I'Anatomieetde la Chimrgie,
1770, ii. p. 622.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 378
(list of his writings).
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 335.
(' De unguento armario ' ; ' liber plenus fabulis,
variisque miraculis, quae magno numero congerit,
ut fabuloso unguento fidem facial ').
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
p. 597, § DLXI.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historiijue de la Medecine,
1778, p. 262.
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 205.
Biographie Universelle, 1849, Supp. Ixxii. p.
154 ; no date, xxxix. p. 163.
Dictionnaire Encyclopddique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3etne Se'rie, 1881, ix. p. 434.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 373.
SETON (ALEXANDER).
Alexand. Sitonii aus Schottland eines wahren Besitzers der Kunst Zwolf
Biicher von dem rechten wahren Philosophischen Steine. Aus einer sehr
alten Handschrift. Als des grossen und kleinen Bauers Chymischer Biicher
Zweyter Theil. Franckfurt und Leipzig, 1751.
8°. Pp. [12] 76.
This contains also : Ein philosophisch Gleichnifs oder Ralzel als
Philosophische Ratzel, an die Kinder der eine Gabe hinzugeselzt, p. 67.
Wahrheit, p. 63. This work is identical with the Novum Lumen
Chymicum, published by Sendivogius (q.v.).
[Another Copy.]
Among the reputed adepts no one had a more
circumstantial history, or one supported by more
trustworthy authorilies, than Alexander Seton.
His name has been modified in various ways, and
appears as Setonius, Sitonius, Sedonius, Sidonius,
Sutoneus, Suchthenius, Sydon, and he is known also
as the ' Cosmopolite. ' His story is briefly this :
In the summer of 1601, a Dutch skipper, Jakob
Hanssen (or Haussen ?) by name, was driven ashore
by stress of weather at Seton, near Edinburgh, where
he was rescued and hospitably enterlained by ihe
said Alexander, who apparenlly belonged to the
family of lhal ilk, and who helped him lo gel his
vessel repaired and to send him back to Holland.
The following spring, Seton arrived al Enkhuysen
on a visil to his former guest and stayed a short
time with him, and as iheir inlimacy increased,
Seton informed his friend that he knew the art of
SETON
375
SETON (ALEXANDER). Continued.
transmutation. To convince him that it was so,
he changed some lead into gold and with a needle
inscribed the date, 13 May, 1602, 4 P.M., and gave
it him as a memento.
Hanssen afterwards confided an account of this
affair to his friend and physician, Joannes van der
Linden, and gave him a piece of the gold. Fifty
years later his son, J. Antonides van der Linden,
the author of the medical bibliography, who was in
Amsterdam and knew the whole occurrence, was
still in possession of the gold. He showed it to
Morhof, who is the authority for the preceding
narrative.
From Enkhuysen Seton went to Amsterdam and
Rotterdam, whence he is supposed to have travelled
to Italy, for nothing definite is heard about him till
the following year, when he was on his way back
to Germany and was encountered by Dr. Dienheim,
who gives a narrative which may be outlined. ' In
midsummer, 1603,' he says, ' as I was returning
from Rome to Germany, I made acquaintance with
a fellow-traveller, elderly, intelligent, unusually shy,
small but well set up, of fresh colour and cheerful
temperament, with a chestnut-brown beard cut in
the French fashion, and dressed in a damasked
black silk tunic. He had a servant, who could be
known among a thousand by his red hair and
beard. His name was Alexander Setonius, and he
came from Molia, an island kingdom in the ocean.
1 In Zurich, where Pastor Eghlin gave him a
letter to Dr. Zwinger in Basel, we hired a boat to
take us to Basel by water. After we were settled
there in the Golden Stork, he said to me : You will
remember how throughout the whole journey, and
especially on board the boat, you have repudiated
alchemy and reviled the alchemists, and how I have
said that I would reply not with arguments but
with matters of fact. Before the sun sets I will
keep my word. I am now waiting for another
person, who, I intend, shall be a witness of the
demonstration, so that the adversary may have less
doubt as to the truth of the event.
' Thereupon appeared a man, whom I knew by
sight, and who, I subsequently ascertained, was Dr.
Zwinger. We all went to a goldsmith's ; Dr.
Zwinger brought some plates of lead, the goldsmith
supplied a crucible, and some common sulphur we
bought on the way. Seton touched nothing, but
bade a fire be kindled, the lead and sulphur be
placed time about in the crucible, the bellows be
turned on, and the mass be stirred together.
Meantime he cracked jokes with us, but after a
quarter of an hour he said : Throw this little paper
into the melted lead, and see that it goes right in
and not into the fire. The paper contained a heavy
greasy powder of a citron yellow colour, but it
would have taken lynx eyes to detect it on the
point of a knife.
' We did as he bade us, though more sceptical
than Thomas himself, and, at the end of another
quarter of an hour when the mass was in fusion and
had been stirred with a glowing iron, the goldsmith
was directed to empty the crucible. Lead was no
longer there, but the purest gold, which after test-
ing was found far superior to gold from Hungary
or Arabia. It weighed as much as the previous
lead.
' There we stood, hardly believing our eyes, but
he laughed and bantered us. Now, said he, be off
with your scholastic subleties and argue to your
heart's content. Here you have the truth in reality,
and that is far better than all your syllogisms. He
gave a piece of the gold to Dr. Zwinger as a
remembrance, and I got a piece weighing about
four ducats, which I preserve in memory of the
great demonstration.'
At the request of Dr. Schobinger of St. Gallen,
Dr. Jacob Zwinger (q.v. ) afterwards in 1606 wrote
an account of the occurrence in a Latin epistle,
printed by Professor Emanuel Konig in the
' Ephemerides ' of the Academia Naturae Curios-
orum (Norib., 1600, Dec. ii.) It agrees with
Dienheim's narrative, and from it it also appears
that Seton gave another example of his skill, and
the portion of the gold which Zwinger got was pre-
served in his family.
Seton apparently went next to Strasburg, and
though he concealed his name and took that of
Hirschberger, he may have been the adept who
inadvertently caused trouble to a goldsmith there.
It was in the summer of 1603 that a stranger came
to this goldsmith, whose name is given variously as
Philip Jacob Gustenhofer, Gusstenhover, Gusten-
hover, Gossenhauer, Gassenhauer, Justenhofer, and
did some work in his place. In return the stranger
gave him a little red powder and showed him how
to use it, and Gustenhofer having incautiously
shown its effects to his friends, soon had a report
spreading that he could make gold. The affair
was investigated by a committee of the Council,
gold was again produced, one specimen at least of
which remained and was still in existence in 1647.
The story at length reached the ears of the
Emperor Rudolph, who requested Gustenhofer to
be sent to him. When he was questioned he stated
that he was unable to make the powder, that the
portion he had received was exhausted, and he
effected his escape. He was apprehended again,
however, and was kept in the 'White Tower," for
the Emperor was convinced that he knew more than
he would reveal, and his story forms part of the
poem on the alchemists written by de Delle, the
Court poet, and printed in the ' Fegfeuer,' and
afterwards in ' Jungfer Alchimia,' 'Beytrag,' and
by Schmieder. It is to be observed, however, that
it is only Schmieder who couples this incident with
Seton, the other authorities making no reference
whatever to him in this connection.
From Strasburg Seton proceeded to Frankfurt a.
M. He made acquaintance there with a merchant
called Koch, who, with a powder which was given
him by Seton, effected a transmutation as he des-
cribes in a letter to Hoghelande.
Cologne is the next place where Seton is heard of,
and here he called on an alchemist, Anton Verde-
mann, with whom he stayed some time. In a visit
to an apothecary's, where he wanted to buy some
lapis lazuli, he heard certain persons denying the
reality of transmutation, which irritated him very
much. Next day, in the apothecary's shop, he trans-
muted first a quantity of antimony, and afterwards
lead, to which the apothecary had added a piece
of tin. Gold of the finest quality was produced
in both trials, much to the apothecary's surprise.
With a fellow-countryman, a surgeon, called
Master George, a fell opponent of the alchemists,
he had another experiment, in which he converted
lead and iron into gold. The surgeon, now con-
vinced of the reality of the art, warned Seton of the
risk he was running in making such public demon-
strations. This took place on n August, 1603.
The Cologne people were divided in their opinions,
but both the son of the goldsmith, in whose place
the trial took place, and his assistants maintained the
truth of the facts and the absence of any deception.
The next place Seton visited was Hamburg, and
here, according to Morhof, he made several impor-
tant projections.
376
SETON
SETON (ALEXANDER). Continued.
A story is told by Zwelffer about what took place
at Helmstadt (though the scene has been placed at
Rostock and other Universities), where Cornelius
Martini, professor of philosophy, was in the habit
of stating arguments against the possibility of
transmutation. One day when he had concluded,
a stranger in the audience called for a charcoal
fire, a crucible, and some lead, and when these
were procured, there and then transmuted the lead
and handed the still warm gold to Martini with the
words : ' Solve mihi hunc syllogismum. ' Schmieder
tries to connect this event also with Seton, but
others who tell the story make no allusion to him.
It may be admitted, however, that if Seton were
not actually concerned in it, it is very much after
his manner of showing the opponents of transmu-
tation the error of their views.
Seton went to Munich, but lived quite privately.
He had seen a burgher's daughter, and together
they disappeared from Munich, and Seton was not
heard of until he arrived at Dresden, presumably
to resume his propaganda. His companion, called
William Hamilton, whom he had entrusted with
his powder, had changed lead into fine gold in
presence of the Elector and his guests. After this
Hamilton returned by Holland to England, but
Seton stayed on. He could hardly have chosen a
more dangerous place than Dresden. The Elector,
Christian II., who succeeded in 1601, unlike his
predecessors Augustus, who was the patron of
Beuther and Schwartzer, and Christian I., who
also retained the services of the latter alchemist,
had no belief whatever in alchemy, but after what
he had just seen, his greed was aroused, and he
contrived to get Seton into his power. At first he
treated him well, in hope of persuading him to
reveal the secret, but not succeeding he threatened
and then tortured his victim. Seton was put on
Ewaldus de Hoghelande, Histories aliquot Trans-
mutationis metallic®, 1604, pp. 13-23 ; in German,
1604, pp. 25-51.
Dienheim, Medicina Universalis, Argentorati,
1610, cap. 24, pp. 64-68.
Thomas Dempster, Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis
Scotorum, Bononias, 1627, p. 603 (lib. xvii. No.
1087).
Fridericus Greiffius, Decas Nobilissimorum Medi-
camentorum, Galeno-Chymico modo compositor-urn
&* prceparatorum, . . . quorum agmen ducit :
Theriaca Chymica sen Coelestis Quercetani, Tubin-
§se, 1641, p. 30 (Pulvis diasolis Alexandri Sidonii
coti).
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 147-8, 211.
Pierre Borel, Tresor de Recherches et Antiquitez
Gauloises et Francoises, 1655, p. 474.
Borrichius, De Ortu et Progressu Chemice Dis-
sertatio, 1668, p. 144.
Johann Zwelfer, Pharmacopoeia Augustana
reformata . . . Authore Joanne Zwelfer , . . cui
annexa est ejusdem Authoris Pharmacopoeia Regia
vt 6-° Mantissa Spagyrica. Accesstre . . . bini
discursus apologetici contra Otth. Tachenium &*
Francisc. Verny., Dordrechti . . . 1672, pp. 796-
797. (In the 'Mantissa Spagyrica,' there is a
section on the essence of gold which is a reply to
Kircher and a defence of transmutation. In it he
gives a drawing of the Prague Medal, struck from
the gold produced by the projection of one grain
of the tincture upon mercury performed by the
Emperor Ferdinand III. himself. There is no
allusion to Seton or Sendivogius.)
Morhof, De htetallorum Transmutatione ad . . .
Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, pp. 62, 148.
the rack, and burned with red hot irons, but he
confessed nothing, and a second course of torture
some time later made no further impression.
Seeing that this method was unavailing, and that
he might die and take the secret with him, the
Elector immured him in a noisome dungeon where
he was watched by forty soldiers of the body guard,
who relieved each other at intervals. His wife was
not allowed to visit him.
At Dresden, there was living at this time Michael
Sendivogius, a Polish nobleman, as he is usually
called. He was interested in alchemy and had
heard of Seton, and it occurred to him that if he
could rescue the adept from his prison, he might
be rewarded by being told the mystery of the
'stone.' He ingratiated himself with the Elector,
and obtained permission to visit the prisoner on
the plea that he might be able to persuade him to
disclose the secret. As soon as he got an oppor-
tunity he laid his plan of rescue before Seton, who
promised him an am pie re ward if he was successful.
Upon this, Sendivogius went to Cracow, sold a
house he had there, and, with the price and some
other moneys which he got, returned to Dresden.
He now visited the prisoner frequently, became
very friendly with the keeper, and treated the
soldiers liberally. One evening, on the occasion
of a festival, he plied the guards so freely with
wine that they were helpless from intoxication.
Sendivogius carried away Seton, who was too
maimed and mutilated to walk, put him into a
carriage, drove to his wife's lodging, got her and
the ' tincture,' and set off as fast as they could to
the frontier, and never stopped till they arrived at
Cracow.
Seton survived only a short time, and died in
January, 1604.
See also the note upon Sendivogius.
Teeda trifida chimica, das ist : Dreyfache
chimische Fackel, Niirnberg, 1674, Vorrede sig. ) : (
vj recto; Dienheim's ' Universal- Artzney,' Cap.
xxiv. p. 78.
Jakob Zwinger, in Ephemerid. Acad. C<zs. Nat.
Curios., Noriberg., 1690, Dec. ii.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 31, No. xxxxvi. (under Sendivogius).
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, pp. 88, 105 (Gassenhauer).
Manget, Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i.
Praefatio, sig. f 3 verso.
Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum,
1728, iii. p. 579.
Die Edelgebome Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp.
79 (Gassenhauer), 82, 206, 214, 215-220.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecae metallica:,
1732, p. 133.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 323-328 ; iii. pp. 54, 59,
72, 140, 141, 142.
Tharsander, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, cap. 5, § 20,
PP- 344-347-
Fr. Basilii Valentini . . . Chymische Schriften,
ed. Petraeus, 1769, i. Neue Vorrede, sig. 67 recto.
Wiegleb, Historisch- Kritische Untersuchung der
Akhemie, 1777, p. 301.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 91.
Giildenfalk, Sammlung von mehr als hundert
Transmutationsgeschichten, 1784, No. 14, p. 19
(Gustenhofer's story) ; No. 35, pp. 49-50 (Dien-
heim's story) ; No. 36, p. 51 (Martini's story).
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 271-277, 493 (Gassenhauer), 495 (Sendivogius).
Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie, 1789, p. 163.
SETON—SETTALA
377
SETON (ALEXANDER). Continued.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p.
3".
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Res Metallica), p. 147 ( ' Epistolae. '
Reuss calls him Alexander Sutoneus, Scotus.
The Epistolae were communicated to the Academia
Naturae Curiosorum by Theodor Zwinger).
Murr, Litterarische Nach.rich.ten zu der Ge-
schichtt des sogenannten Goldmachens, 1805, p. 79.
Lives of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philosophy,
i8i4(-i5), pp. 66, 182 (/Enigma) ; Waite's reprint,
1888, p. 171 (inaccurate in detail).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
325-346, 601.
Hoefer, Histoire de ta Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 135 ;
1869, ii. p. 130.
Figuier, LAkhimieet les Alchimistes, 1856, pp.
224-244, 254.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1057-1072.
John Small, ' Sketches of Later Scottish Alchem-
ists,' Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of
Scotland, Session 1874-76, xi. p. 426.
A. Bauer, Chemie und Alchymie in Osterreich,
1883, pp. 28, 31.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 88, 127, 181,
190, 196, 198, 203 ; ii. pp. 179, 335, 387.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p. 243.
SETTALA (LUDOVICO).
Avertenze, e Osservationi appartenenti alia Compositione de Medicamenti.
See ANTIDOTARIO Romano Latino, 1635.
Lodovico Settala, or Ludovicus Septalius, was a
native of Milan, where he was born 27 Feb., 1552
(but Crasso and Brucker say 1550). He showed
marked ability even at an early age, for in 1568,
when he was 16, he defended theses with great
applause in presence of Cardinal Borromeo.
Instead of pursuing law, like many of his an-
cestors, he went to the University of Pavia, where
he attended the courses of Paulus Cigalinus
Comensis, primarius professor of medicine, Philel-
phus Amaltheus on philosophy, and after them
Octavianus Ferrarius, Balthasar Gambiarinus and
Nicolaus Boldonus. For three days he held dis-
putations, and having been laureated obtained a
place in the Collegium Physicorum Mediolan-
ensium, 5 April, 1573. He returned home and wrote
his work on the reconciliation of the differences be-
tween Hippocrates and Galen, but did not finish it
in consequence of his being appointed extraordinary
professor of the practice of medicine at Pavia.
During the visitation of the plague in 1576 he
devoted himself with the greatest energy to attend-
ing those who were attacked by it.
In 1582 he wrote his work on Hippocrates'
treatise ' De Acre.'
His reputation as a learned man and able
physician had so extended that he received many
invitations. The Elector of Bavaria wanted him in
1608 for the chair of medicine at Ingolstadt ; the
Grand Duke of Tuscany wanted him for Pisa in
1610; Philip III. of Spain wished him to become
his historiographer. These offers he refused as
well as invitations from Bologna, Pisa, Venice with
a large salary, Padua and Milan, and was satisfied
Paschalis Gallus, Bibliotheca Medico, Basil.,
1590, p. 217 (' Comment, in librum Hippocratis de
acre, aquis et locis,' fol., Colon., 1590).
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 34i.
loannes Imperialis, Museum historicum et
physicum, Venetijs, 1640, pp. 183-185, with a
portrait.
Girolamo Ghilini, Teatro d' Huomini Letterati,
Venetia, 1647, i. p. 151.
Crasso, Elogii d' Huomini letlerati, Venetia,
1666, Parte seconda, pp. 279-282, & portrait.
Filippo Picinelli, Ateneo de i Letterati Milanesi,
Milano, 1670, p. 398 (gives a very laudatory
account, but, even after deducting the superlatives,
enough remains to show that Settala was a man of
great learning and ability and of sterling worth).
Joannes Hallervordius, Bibliotheca Curiosa,
Regiomonti, 1676, p. 252.
with the title of premier physician to the state of
Milan conferred on him by Philip IV., 9 Jan., 1627.
He was also public professor of moral and political
science as appears from the present work, which
office is said to have been held by him from his
fifty-third year.
In 1630 the plague broke out again in Milan,
and this time Settala was attacked by it. After
he recovered from it he was struck with hemiplegia,
and was never able afterwards to speak distinctly.
He died 12 Sept., 1633, and was buried in the
Basilica of the Apostles, or St. Nazarius Major.
Though busily engaged with the practice of
medicine he never ceased writing. His works
amount to a considerable number — Argellati enu-
merates twenty-eight — and refer to medicine. Two
or three deal with the plague.
The present book, which is omitted by some of
his biographers, is dedicated to his son by the
publisher, Bidelli, and he speaks in the highest
terms of his father's great reputation throughout
Europe, and especially of his chief work : Animad-
versiones et cautiones medicae, which had gone
through half a dozen editions.
Settala was of grave and amiable appearance, of
great prudence, was much esteemed by the kings
above mentioned, the Dukes of Savoy, Mantua
and Urbino, and the most eminent men of the
time, with whom he carried on a learned corre-
spondence.
The son referred to is probably Manfred! ,
1600-1680, of Milan. He founded a museum in his
native town, was an engineer, director of Cardinal
Borromeo's Picture Gallery in Milan, and F. R.S.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 768.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, pp. 407 (Intr. c. xiii. §5, Monge
doctissimus'), 210 (Add. v. 20. i).
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditions clarorum,
1688, p. 1364.
Fabricius, Historiee Bibliotheca Fabriciana
Pars III., 1719, pp. 482, 483.
Jo. Herm. Fiirstenau, Desiderata Medica, 1727,
p. 238 (use of camphor internally).
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. pp. 253-255.
Stolle, Artleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 198, 209-10, 884, 896.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 58 (II. i. xi.
§14); ii. p. 454 (II. 3. i. §§3, 4); Hi. p. 499
(III. 2. i. §15); iii. p. 505(111. 3. i. § 2).
James Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomica Speci-
men, 1734, p. 191.
378
SETT ALA— SE VERINUS
SETTALA (LUDOVICO). Continued.
Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der philosophischen
Historic, 1735, vi. p. 288 (his life) ; 1736, vii. p. 776
(discovery of the microscope assigned to him).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 780.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxvii. col.
264.
Filippo Argellati, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Media-
lanensium, Mediolani, 1745, ii. cols. 1322-27, No.
MDXXXIX. (and references).
Freytag, Analecta Litteraria, 1750, pp. 850-
851-
Boerhaave, Mtthodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, i. pp. 104, 275, 386; ii. pp. 574, 602, 687,
738, 876.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 508.
Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 233.
Portal, Histoire de VAnatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 275.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 416.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 309 ;
1777, ii. p. 749.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 294
(' in patria protophysicus, vir illustris ').
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practices, 1776, i.
p. 60 ; 1777, ii. p. 289, § CCCCI.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iv. pp. 251-253.
Saxius, Onomasticon literarium, 1782, iv. pp. 30,
567-
Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 114.
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 205 (article by Desgenettes).
Biographie Universelle, 1825, xlii. p. 159 ; no
date, xxxix. p. 175.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii.
pp. 266, 346, 347, 416.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 151.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mfdicale, 1855,
i. p. 316.
Nouvelle Biographie Gtnerale, 1864, xliii. col.
826.
Dictionnaire Encyclopfdique des Sciences Midi-
cales, 3eme SeYie, 1881, ix. p. 444.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 135.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v.
P- 373-
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 884.
SEVERINUS (PETRUS).
Idea Medicinae Philosophicae. Continens Fundamenta totius Doctrinae Para-
celsicse, Hippocraticse & Galenicse. Authore Petro Severino Dano Philo-
sophise & Medicinse Doctore. Hagse-Comitis ex Typographia Adriani
Vlacq. Anno Domini M.DC.LX.
4°. Pp. [8] 212 [2].
Severinus, 'medicus et philosophus eximius,'
was born at Rypen in Jutland in 1542. At the age
of 20 he was appointed professor of poetry at
Copenhagen. He travelled widely, devoted him-
self to medicine, became a doctor in 1571 in France,
and for 30 years was physician to the Danish kings,
Frederick II. and Christian IV. He was appointed
professor of medicine at Copenhagen, but died of
the plague in July, 1602, before he could enter on
the office. His medicine was based on that of
Paracelsus, and the present work is an exposition
from that point of view.
The first edition was printed at Basil by Sixtus
Henric-Petri in 1571, 4°, pp. [14, 2 blank] 416 [6,
i blank, i of errata], [i device and colophon, i
Israel Spachius, Nomenclator Scriptorum Medi-
corum, Francofurti, 1591, pp. 8, 31.
Bprrichius, De Ortu et Progressu Chemice, Ep.
dedic., and p. 145.
Joh. Georg. Schenckius, Biblia latrica, Francof. ,
1609, p. 450.
Sennertus, Liber de Chymicorum cum Aristotelicis
. . . consensu et dissensu, 1629, cap. 4, p. 50.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
Amst., 1637, p. 403.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 211.
Erasmus Pauli F. Vindingius, Regia Academia
Hauniensis in Regibus : Conservatoribus : Rectori-
bus : Professoribus suis reprcesentatat Hauniae,
1665, pp. 117-122.
Albertus Bartholinus, De Scriptis Danorum liber
posthumus, 1666, p. 124.
Thomas Bartholinus, De Medicina Danorum
Domestica Dissertationes X., Hafniae, 1666, p. 40.
blank], and it is rather a handsome and rare book.
It was printed afterwards both by itself and with
the Commentary of WILLIAM DAVISSON (g.v.).
By Hartmann the ' Idea ' was said to have been
written by Joh. Pratensis, professor of medicine at
Copenhagen, but Bartholinus demonstrated the
untenability of that view. A poem by Pratensis
to Severinus is printed at the end of the ' Idea. '
Replies to it were written by Thomas Erastus and
by Theodor Zwinger.
One other work is ascribed to him : Epistola
scripta Theophrasto Paracelso, Basil., 1572 (?), 8°,
but, if by him, it could be addressed to Paracelsus
only figuratively, for Paracelsus died in 1541. Are-
print is in ' Paracelsi Opera omnia,' Genevas, 1658, i.
Borrichius, Hermetis sEgypfiorum et Chemicorum
Sapientia . . , vindicata, 1674, pp. 290, 291,
292.
Conring, De Hermetica Medicina, Libri duo,
Helmstadii, 1669, ed. 2a, pp. 179, 182, 188, 195,
196, 208, 306, 367, 436.
Thomas Bartholinus, De libris legendis Disserta-
tiones VII., Hafnias, 1676, Diss. ii. p. 43 ; Francof.,
1711, p. 33.
Cornelius a Beughem, Bibliographia medica 6*
physica, 1681, pp. 69, 258.
, Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 906.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . In-
ductio, 1687, p. 136. (Add. iii. 37. 3; Schelhammer
here says that nobody was found who adhered to
Paracelsus, 'nisi quod in Dania Petrus Severinus
mira deliria propagare ausus sit ').
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, pp. 1310-11.
SE VERINUS—SE YFRID
379
SEVERINUS (PETRUS). Continued.
Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, 28 Jul.,
1602, sig 63 recto.
Moller, Bibliotheca Septentrionis eruditi, sive
Syntagma tractatuum de Scriptoribus illius seorsim
hactenus editorum, . . . Lipsiaa, 1699, 8°. (In
Albertus Bartholinus' ' Liber de Scriptis Danorum
. . . posthumus a Job. Mollero . . . emendatus
atque auctus, & hypomnematis insuper Historico-
Criticis . . . illustratus,' p. 122, reference to his
works. In the ' Hypomnemata Paucula,' p. 387,
Moller adds a short biographical note to the
above, and calls him : ' Chymicorum saeculi superi-
oris princeps, ipso, quern secutus est, Paracelso
superior.')
Barchusen, De Medicines origine & progressu
Dissertationes, Traj. ad Rhenum, 1723, p. 397.
Job. Herm. Fiirstenau, Desiderata Medica, Lips.,
1727, pp. 139 (follower of Tachenius), 151.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 261.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medjcinischen.
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 239, 254, 255, 256 (opinion of
Bacon and Schelhammer).
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^,
1732, p. 133.
Brucker, Kurtse Fragen aus der philosophischen
Historic, 1735, vi. p. 1081 (attempted unsuccessfully
to bring Paracelsus' views into a system), 1116 (his
life).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 786.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 299.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxvii. col. 685.
Moller, Cimbria liter ata, 1744, i. pp. 623-626,
and the numerous references.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, ii. p. 860.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 540.
Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 385.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 240.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practicce% 1777, ii.
p. 183.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iv. p. 262.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 276-7.
Biographie Mtdicak, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 209.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii.
P- 5°3-
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mede-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 153.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Cliimie, 1843, ii. p. 25;
1869, ii. p. 22.
Monvitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp.
276, 282 ; 1849, ii. p. 166.
Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, p.
262.
Dictionnaire Encydopfdique des Sciences Mldi-
cales, seme Se>ie, 1881, ix. p. 450.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 109.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Vdlker, 1887, v. p. 456
(under Soerensen (Peder) ).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 917.
Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, pp.
136,539, 588('Epistola').
SEVERING (SCIPIONE).
Filosofia, Alchimia, seii scienza vigoratiua dell' anima aurea. Del Nobile D.
Scipione Severino Napolitano. In Venetia, 1695.
8°. Pp. no- [i] [i blank]. MS. Index.
Gmelin (Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 318) quotes a work by this same person : Trionfo delt
Alchimia, Venetia, 1691, 8°.
SEYFRID QOHANN HEINRICH).
Medulla Mirabilium Naturae. Das ist : Auserlesene, unter den Wundern der
Natur, aller verwunderlichste Wunder, von Erschaffung der Natur, Himm-
lischen Firmaments, Sternen, Planeten, und Cometen ; als auch dieser
sichtbarn Welt, und des Meers. Defsgleichen, in Brunnen, Fliissen, Seen,
und dem Meer ; Auf, an, und in Gebiirgen, Erden, und Insulen : Wie auch,
etzlichen Thieren, Baumen, Friichten und Gewachsen. In Europa, Asia,
Africa, und America. Aus hiernachst-benandten Autoren zusammen getragen
und beschrieben ; sammt beygefugten Kupffern. Durch Johann Heinrich
Seyfrid, Marco-Brettano Francum ; Hoch-Fiirstl. Durchl. zu Pfaltz-Sultzbach
Hof-Bedienten. Sultzbach, In Verlegung Johann Hofmanns, Kunst- und
Buch-Handlers in Niirnberg, Druckts Abraham Lichten thaler, 1679.
8°. Pp. [78, engraved title included] 742. Index [31, i bl.]. 54 plates, some
torn and imperfect.
380 SEYFRID—SGOBBIS
SEYFRID (JOHANN HEINRICH). Continued.
Beyond what the author says of himself on the above : Wonderen der Natuer van fruchten planten
title-page I have found nothing. He and his book en kruyden, Haag, 1694, 4°, and adds, Germanice
are merely mentioned by Jocher. Haller quotes Niirnberg, 1694, 8°.
what appears to be a Dutch translation of the
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1773, ii. p. 18.
iv. col. 547.
SGOBBIS (ANTONIO DE).
Nuouo, et Vniuersale Theatro Farmaceutico. Fondato sopra le Preparation!
Farmaceutiche scritte da' Medici Antichi, Greci, & Arabi; principalmente
da Galeno, e Mesue. Appoggiato sopra le Preparationi, dette Spagiriche,
gia da gli Antichi, in parte, abbozzate, ma da piu Moderni Medici illustrate,
e meglib coltiuate ; scritte dal Beguino, Crollio, Hartmanno, Libauio, Min-
sicht, Paracelso, Quercetanno, Sennerto, & Altri : Rappresenttante e le vne,
e 1' altre Preparationi, per Fondamenti vnitamente necessarij alia vera, &
artificiosa Methodo Farmaceutica : Adornato, et ampliato oltre le Fabriche,
e Compositioni Medicinali, in qualsisia Forma fabricabili, contenute
ne gli Antidotarij Veneti di Giorgio Melichio, aumentato da Alberto
Stecchini, gia Farmacopei nella Officina dello Siruzzo (sic), e ne gli altri
(sin al presente, con le Stampe, publicati) Antidotarij de piu accreditati
Autori, e delle piu rinomate Citta d' Europa, Anuersa, Augusta, Bergamo,
Bologna, Colonia Agrippina, Fiorenza, Londra, Messina, Roma, & Altre;
con quelle Fabriche, e Compositioni ancora, le quali fossero state descritte
da gli piu lodati Scrittori dell' Arte Medica, ouer inuentate da' piu dotti
Lettori, e Professori della Medesima : Abondantissimo non solo de gli
Insegnamenti, dati da i nominati Antecessori, di nuouo reuisti, ma* ancora
de tutti gl' altri Auuertimenti, appartenenti alia intiera, legitima, e perfetta
Dispositione, Alteratione, Fabrica, Vnione, e Compositione di tutte le
Materie Medicinali Semplici, e Composte, cauabili da Animali, Vegetabili,
e Mineral! : Necessario a ciascheduno Farmacopeio : Vtile ad ogni Medico,
& Amatore della Medicina: Curioso per gli Inuestigatori delle piu desiderate,
et artificiosi Preparationi Spagiriche : Eretto, et esposto alia luce da
Antonio de Sgobbis da Montagnana Farmacopeio all' Insegna dello Struzzo
fu Coadiutore nella Officina Farmaceutica Pontificia della S. S. di PP.
Vrbano VIII. di F. M. Aggregate al Celebre Romano, e gia Priore del
Nobile Veneto Collegio de gli Farmacopei. Consagrato all' Augusta, ed
Immortal Maesta' del Prencipe Serenissimo, et Eccellentissimo Senate di
Venetia. In Venetia, M DC LXVII. Nella Stamparia luliana, Con
Licenza de' Superiori, e Priuilegio. A Spese dell' Authore. Si Vende
Appresso Gio: Giacomo Hertz, Libraro all' Insegna della Naue in Merceria.
Folio. Pp. [10] 62 [4] ; [2] 880 [2 blank, 32]. Engraved title extra. Vignette,
i plate of portraits, i plate of symbols, 2 plates of apparatus, large folding table.
An edition of Venetia, P. Baglioni, 1682, fol. 4 1731, II. ii. p. 261, quotes only the edition of
p.l., 820 pp., 2 pi., i tab., 1 1., port., is quoted by 1682.
Billings, as well as the preceding, Index-Catalogue, Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 377,
1691, xii. p. 965. quotes only the edition of 1667.
Mangel, Bibliothtca Scriptorum Medicorum, Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p.
494, quotes an edition : Venet. 1662.
SHA W—SHERLE Y
SHAW (PETER).
See BOYLE (ROBERT), The Philosophical works, by Peter Shaw.
Legons de Chymie, propres a perfection ner la Physique, le Commerce et les
Arts. Par M. Pierre Shaw, Premier Me'decin du Roi d'Angleterre.
Traduites de 1'Anglois.
Providentissime commissos correxit errores, perpolivit vera, abusu
emendate, aucto usu, certa, pura, atque ab utili laudatissima
jam colitur nobilis scientia. Boerrhave de Chemid sues errores
expurgante.
A Paris, Chez Jean Thomas Herissant, rue Saint-Jacques, a S. Paul & a
S. Hilaire. M.DCC.LIX. Avec Approbation et Privilege du Roi.
4°. Pp. [4] cv [3] 471 [i blank].
Peter Shaw, son of Robert Shaw, M.A., master
of the Grammar School at Lichfield, was born
there probably about 1694. There is no indication
of the place of his education in medicine and
chemistry, but he was practising in London in
1726. He obtained subsequently the degree of
M.D. , and on 25 June, 1740, was admitted a
licentiate of the College of Physicians, and soon
obtained a large practice. In 1752 he was appointed
extraordinary physician to George II. and was also
made doctor of medicine at Cambridge. On 16
April, 1753, he was admitted candidate, and on
8 April, 1754, fellow of the College of Physicians.
This same year he was appointed physician-in-
ordinary to the king, and held the same office under
George III., but only for a short time. He died
15 March, 1763, and was buried in Wimbledon
church. His portrait is in the College, and a short
' £loge ' of him was given by Dr. Richard Warren,
his son-in-law, in his Harveian oration.
Though busily engaged in practice, Shaw was a
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 173.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxvii. col. 802.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, i. pp. 61, 62, 94 ; ii. pp. 939, 1030, 1032.
Richard Warren, Oratio ex Harveii institute
habita in Theatre Collegii Regalis Medicorum
Londinensis XV. Cal. Hovemb., MDCCLXVIII.,
Londini: apud M. Hingeston. MDCCLXIX., 4°,
pp. 11-13.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 172
(chemical writings).
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 212
(surgical writings).
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iv. p. 266.
Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire
historique, 1804, xi. p. 285.
Bowyer, Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth
Century, ed. Nichols, 1815, ix. p. 763.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816, xxvii. p. 423.
diligent author. Besides Boyle's works he edited
also those of Lord Bacon ; translated and wrote
works on pharmacy, translated the treatise of F.
Hoffmann on mineral waters, and wrote his own
'Inquiry into the Contents and Virtues of the
Scarborough Spa,' Lend., 1734, 8°; translated
Boerhaave's ' Institutions Chemise,' Lond., 1727,
4°, and Stahl's 'Collegium Jenense,' Lond., 1730.
He also wrote ' Three essays in Artificial Philosophy
or Universal Chemistry,' Lond., 1731, 8°; 'An
Essay for introducing a Portable Laboratory,'
Lond., 1731, 8° ; ' Chemical Lectures read in
London in 1731 and 1732, and in Scarborough in
1733. f°r tne improvement of Arts, Trades and
Natural Philosophy,' Lond., 1734, 8°; 'Essays for
the Improvement of Arts, Manufactures, and Com-
merce, by means of Chemistry,' Lond., 1761, 8°;
' Proposals for a course of Chemical Experiments,
with a view to Practical Philosophy, Arts, Trade
and Business,' Lond., 1761, 8° ; and some other
books.
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 212.
Biographic Universelle, 1825, xlii. p. 251 ; no
date, xxxix. p. 249.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 154.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, ii.
P- 677-
John Thomson, Life, Lectures and Writings of
William Cullen, M.D., Edinburgh, 1859, i. p. 39.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 918.
Wm. Munk, The Roll of the Royal College of
Physicians of London, 2nded., 1878, ii. pp. 190-194.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme Serie, 1881, ix. p. 505.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerate aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 381.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1891, xii. p. 971
(English, London [1734], 8°, is quoted, but not the
French).
Dictionary of National Biography, 1897, Ii. p.
442 (article by W. W. Webb).
SHERLEY (THOMAS).
See ELSHOLTZ (JOHANN SIGISMUND), The Curious Distillatory, 1677.
382
SHE RLE Y—SIEBENFREUND
SHERLEY (THOMAS). Continued.
Sherley, or Shirley, according to Wood's account,
was born in the parish of St. Margaret, West-
minster, and was baptised 15 Oct. , 1638. When a boy
he lived with his father in Magdalen College while
the king's troops were in Oxford. He went to
France, studied medicine and graduated there, and
on his return practised with great distinction, and
was made physician-in-ordinary to Charles II. He
published a treatise on the Stone, 1672 (1671),
translated V. A. Moellenbroek's Cochlearia Curiosa,
or the Curiosities of Scurvy Grass ; Medicinal
Councels, 1677, and a Treatise of the Gout, 1676,
Wood, Atlience Oxonienses, 1721, i. col. 552; ii.
col. 725 ; ed. Bliss, 1815, ii. cols. 497, 498 ; 1820, iv.
col. 77.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallic^,
1732, pp. 126, 129.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxvii. col. 815
(nephew of the traveller).
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, ii. pp. 620, 745, 1020, 1042.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 557.
Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, iii. p. 424.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 396.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
1778, iv. p. 267.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, "'•
p. 329 (' hypotheses ').
both by Turquet de Mayerne, and the present
work of Elsholtz.
'He died of grief 5 Aug., 1678, and was buried
in the S.W. vault under part of St. Brides Church
near Fleetstreet. His grief arose upon a just sus-
picion that he should be totally defeated of an
estate in Sussex [called Wiston] worth about .£3000
a year descended to him from his great grandfather.
There was a great stir about this in Parliament at
the time.'
His treatise on Calculus was translated into Latin
and published at Hamburg, 1675, 12°. ' The facts
are of use, but the theory is no longer of interest.'
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. in
(inflammable gas from a spring in Lancashire),
240 (on Calculus).
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Res Metallica), p. 26 (inflammable well
in Lancashire),
Biographie Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 213.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mddicale, 1855, i.
P- 533-
Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Medi-
cales, 1881, 3eme Se'rie, ix. p. 510.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerate aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 38^.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1897, Iii. p.
90 (by E. Irving Carlyle).
SHORT discourse of the Quintessence of Philosophers.
See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy, 1709.
SIC Sol duplus abundat in Auris.
See BALDUINUS (CHRISTIANUS ADOLPHUS).
SIDONIUS (ALEXANDER).
See SETON (ALEXANDER).
SIEBENFREUND (SEBASTIAN).
See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM,
tratum, pp. 61-67.
Though Siebenfreund has left no writing behind
him, yet, because in his untimely end both Sebald
Schwartzer (q.v.) and Leonhard Thurneisser (q.v.}
are involved, and because one account of the circum-
stances is given in the present volume, I have
thought it more suitable to describe in this place
what is said to have happened than to put it in the
notice of either of the two accused actors.
In this work there is contained one version of
the adventures and end of this reputed adept ;
another, differing in certain parts, is to be found
in Keren Happuch. The above account is told
apparently by an eyewitness, a companion or ser-
vant of Siebenfreund's, and it is written in a frag-
mentary and abrupt style, as if it were a series of
mere notes, or jottings.
1705 ; ALIPULI, Centrum Naturae Concen-
Siebenfreund was the son of a cloth -shearer,
born at Schleuditz or Schkeuditz, not far from
Leipzig. He attached himself to a Polish gentle-
man, accompanied him to Italy, and, on the
demise of his patron, entered a monastery
'Canonicorum regularium' at Verona. Here an
old monk took a liking to him, and on his death-
bed confided to Siebenfreund the secret of the
philosophical tincture and a writing about it.
Siebenfreund went to Prussia, and resided in the
monastery of Oliva at Elbing where he worked out
the process in some nine months, and departed to
Germany to enjoy freedom as he wished. At
Hamburg, in the Golden Lion where he was lodg-
ing, there was a Scottish nobleman who had been
suffering for three weeks unbearable pains from
S1EBENFRE UND—SIEBMA CHER
383
SIEBENFREUND (SEBASTIAN). Continued.
gout and arthritis. He was in such a state that he
was hardly conscious, but Siebenfreund told him
that they would sup together in twenty-four hours.
Siebenfreund gave him three drops ol tincture in a
little wine, covered him up and left him to sleep.
After some time Siebenfreund woke him, took him
out of bed, changed the bed clothes, gave him
another dose and let him sleep for nine hours. At
the end of that time the pains were gone, the
patient got up, dressed, and sat down to supper
as he had been told. In the company were two
Wittenberg students and a person from Zwickau,
'a bad rascal,' who instigated the nobleman to
ask about the medicine, as he might need it again.
He elicited the fact that it was the 'stone,' and
Siebenfreund before him changed a tin spoon
partially into gold, which he bestowed upon him.
He then went on to Wittenberg, taking a different
route from what he had announced, for he was
suspicious of these others. At the end of four
months the students discovered him, and they were
joined by the nobleman and Thurneisser from
Berlin. Siebenfreund had a foreboding of mis-
chief, though he was in his ordinary health.
Returning from a wedding, he was seen by the
students who invited him to have a drink with them.
Overcome by the wine he was placed on a bed,
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 101.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp.
33-42.
Tharsander, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, p. 352 (mur-
dered by ' Thurnhauser ' and others).
Fr. Basilii Valentini . . . Chymische Schriflen,
ed. Petraeus, 1769, i. Neue Vorrede, sig. e8 recto.
and after two hours they murdered him, and
threw the body into the town ditch, where it was not
discovered for a couple of years. After the murder
they then dispersed. The companion opened his
master's box and found the writing, but the tincture
was gone. He then travelled about constantly in
Moravia, Austria, Styria, Italy, Switzerland and
elsewhere. The robbers all came to an untimely
end. Amongst these he distinctly names Thur-
neisser, and some say that the ' rascal ' from
Zwickau was Sebald Schwartzer, but, assuming
that there is a substratum of fact in the story at all,
there is no evidence that he had anything to do
with the affair.
The fate of the companion or servant is told in
Keren Happuch. For three years he was pursued
by one of the students, by name Martin Weiss, who
wanted to get the writing. They ultimately met
in a wood near Klausthal, and Weiss suddenly
stabbed the servant. But in so doing he also
cut through the book, which was so covered with
blood that it was rendered illegible. Weiss had
a miserable death in Holstein.
This story with the variations upon it has been
sharply criticised by Schmieder, who has pointed
out its want of authenticity and the intrinsic impro-
bability of some of the details.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chetnie, 1785,
pp. 233-237 (from Keren Happuch and Quadratum
Alchymisticum) \ 491.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 286.
Figuier, L'Alchemie et les Alchimistes, 1856,
P- 134-
SIEBEN-GESTIRN.
See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestim.
Under this heading, 1675, there is quoted (see hochsten Geheimnifs zu kommen hell und klar
above, i. p. 21) from the Beytrag, 1785, p. 626, an gezeiget wird. Aus dem Latein ins Deutsche
edition of 1756. Its full title is as follows : iibersetzt. Frankfurt am Mayn, Bey Job. Friedrich
Alchymistisch Sieben-Gestirn, Das ist : Sieben Fleisches, 1756, 8", pp. 224. Each of the tracts
schone und auserlesene Tractatlein, vom Stein der has a title-page.
Weisen, darinn der richtige Weg zu solchem aller-
SIEBENSTERN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH SENDIMIR VON).
See SABOR (CHRYSOSTOMUS FERDINAND VON).
See STEINBERGEN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH VON).
SIEBMACHER QOHANN AMBROSIUS).
Das Giildne Vliefs, oder das Allerhochste, Edelste, Kunstreichste Kleinod,
und der uralteste verborgene Schatz der Weisen, in welchem da ist die
Allgemeine Materia Prima, derselben nothwendige Preparation und iiberaus
reiche Frucht des Philosophischen Steins augenscheinlich gezeiget und
klarlich dargethan. Philosophischer und Theologischer Weise beschrieben,
und zusammen verfasset durch einen ungenannten, doch wohlbekannten
&c. Ich Sags Nicht.
Sir. xxxni. 17. 1 8.
Ich bin der Letzte auferwacht, wie einer, der im Herbst nachlieset;
und Gott hat mir den Segen dazu gegeben, dafs ich meine
384 SIEBMACHER
SIEBMACHER (JOHANN AMBROSIUS). Continued.
Kelter auch voll gemacht habe, wie im vollen Herbst. Schauet,
wie ich nicht fur mich gearbeitet habe, sondern fur alle, die da
gerne lernen wollen.
Niirnberg, Bey Johann Adam Schmidt. 1737.
8°. Pp. [14] 1-196 [5] 198-208 [2]. Folding table. 4 engraved plates. Title red
and black.
Guldenes Vliefs.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., i. p 145.
Wasserstein der Weysen, das ist, ein Chymisch Tractatlein, darin der weg
gezeiget, die Materia genennet, vnd der Procefs beschrieben wird, zu dem
hohen geheymnufs der Vniuersal Tinctur zukommen, vor diesem niemalen
gesehen. Darbey auch zwey sehr nutzliche andere Biichlein der gleich-
formigkeit vnd Concordantz wegen angehenckt, Nemlich,
I. lohan von Mesung.
II. Via veritatis der einigen warheit.
Zum vorschub in offenen truck gefertiget. Francofurti. Bey Lucas Jennis
zufinden. Anno 1619.
8°. Pp. 272.
This is the first edition.
Wasserstein der Weisen oder Chymisches Tractatlein, darinn der Weg gezeiget,
die Materia genennet, und der Procefs beschrieben wird, zu dem hohen
Geheimniifs der Universal-Tinctur zu kommen. Dabey auch zwey sehr
nutzliche andere Biichlein der Gleichformigkeit und Concordantz wegen
angehangt : Nemlich
I. Johann von Mesung.
II. Via Veritatis, der einigen Wahrheit.
Vormalen durch Lucas Jennis aufsgeben. Nunmehro aber wiederumb Neu
auffgelegt, und noch dabey gefiiget zwey Respons : von dem F. R. C. So
an etlichen Ihro Zugethanen abgefertiget. Franckfurt am Mayn, Verlegts
Johann Maximilian von Sand. Anno M D CCIV.
8°. Pp. 206 (minus 15-16). Frontispiece and vignette.
Wasserstein der Weisen, oder Chymisches Tractatlein, darinn der Weg gezeiget,
die Materia genennet, und der Procefs beschrieben wird, zu dem hohen
Geheimnifs der Universal-Tinctur zu kommen ; Dabey auch zwey sehr
nutzliche andere Biichlein der Gleichformigkeit und Concordantz wegen
angehangt:
I. Johann von Mesung.
II. Via Veritatis, der einigen Wahrheit.
Vormahlen durch Lucas Jennis ausgegeben ; Nunmehro aber wiederum neu
aufgelegt, und noch dabey gefiiget zwey Responsa von dem F. R. C. so an
etlichen ihro Zugethanen abgefertiget. Franckfurt und Leipzig, auf Kosten
guter Freunde. MDCCXLIII.
8°. Pp. 197 [i blank]. Frontispiece.
SIEBMA CHER—SIGISMUNDUS
385
SIEBMACHER QOHANN AMBROSIUS). Continued.
Hydrolithus Sophicus seu Aquarium Sapientum.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 537.
See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 73.
Wasserstein der Weisen.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 156.
See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1787, ii. p. 365.
In the Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, No. 1180, there is
an edition of Das Giildne Vliefs, Leipzig, Samuel
Benj. Walther, 1736, 8°, pp. xiv. 210, 4 plates.
Kopp quotes this 1736 edition under the letters
J. is. N. J. S. N. stand for Ich Sags Nicht, the
initials of which are apparently meant for Johann
Siebmacher Niirnbergensis. The same initials
occur at the end of the Vorrede : In Seinem
Namen ; at the end of some verses : 1st Sein
Nam, and in the date : Anno lesu Salvatoris
Nostri, MDCVII. The same phrase: Ich Sags
Nicht, was also used by a certain Sonneberger in
his preface to Montanus' work (q.v.), but whether
this was another person or only another name of
the polypseudonymous author of the ' Wasserstein
der Weisen,' I am unable to say.
Other editions of this book enumerated are :
Frankfurt, 1609, 1661, 1760.
Most of the historians are agreed about the
author, and call him Ambrosius, or Johann Am-
brosius, Siebmacher ; whereas Fictuld in one place
calls him Johann Antonio, in another Johann
Ambrosius, Siebmacher. He lived in Niirnberg
and Augspurg about the beginning of the seven-
teenth century, and this book of his, entitled
Wasserstein, was highly esteemed, but nothing is
said about the author except that some suppose he
was Grosschedel. Arnold, however, quotes from a
list of MSS. : " Hydrolitus Sophicus, s. philosophia
aquarum sapientum," and says that it is ascribed
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 31, No. xlvii.
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. no.
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, ii.
p. 429 (Th. iii. c. xi. § 19).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrien-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 572.
Montanus, Grundliche Anweisung, *u der wah-
ren Hermetischen Wissenschaft, 1751, Vorrede,
b4 verso.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. pp. 84, 161.
Beytrag *ur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 495, 605.
along with the rest to a certain E. P. J. H., an
enlightened Magus, Cabalist and Philosopher.
E. P. J. H. stands for Ericus Pfeffer, Itzehoensis
Holsatus, q.v.
An English translation of it was published along
with a tract by Paracelsus : —
Paracelsus his Aurora, & Treasure of the Philo-
sophers. As also the Water-Stone of the Wise
Men ; Describing the matter of, and manner how
to attain the universal Tincture. Faithfully
Englished. And Published by J. H. Oxon. Lon-
don, Printed for Giles C'alvert, and are to be sold
at the Black Spred Eagle, at the West end of
Pauls, 1659. Small 8°, pp. [8] 229 [3]. The
' Water-Stone ' occupies pp. 77-229.
In his address to the reader J. H. says that ' The
Water-stone hath the testimony of that inlightned
man Jacob Behmen, in his 23. Epistle. It is (in
truth) a discourse so sober, its title so modest, and
the plain-hartedness of the Author so evident, that
it will be but lost labour to commend that which is
so really excellent.'
Kopp, too, alludes to Bohme's high appreciation
of the ' Wasserstein.'
There was a Johann or Hans Sibmacher who
compiled a ' Wappenbuch ' and a book of patterns
for sewing and knitting about the beginning of the
seventeenth century ; he seems to have been the
same as the present person.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur ffistorie
der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. pp. 106, 151
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p.
520.
Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen-
kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, Sulzbach, 1803,
p. 80.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 352.
Elias Artista Hermetica, Das Geheimnifs vom
Salz, 1862, p. 138.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1177-81.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 244, 254; ii.
PP- 341, 393-
SIGISMUNDUS.
Trithemius Sui Ipsius Vindex: siue Steganographiae admodum reverendi,
doctissimi, atque ingeniosissimi viri loannis Trithemii, primo Spanhei-
mensis, ac postea S. lacobi in suburbano Herbipolensi Abbatis meritissimi,
Apologetica defensio. Ex ipso fere Trithemio collecta, & publici luris facta.
Autore admodum reverendo et religiosissimo Patre, amplissimoque Praesule
ac Domino, Domino Sigismundo Celebris in Bauaria Monasterij Seon, Ord S.
II. 2B
386 SIG1SMUNDUS—SOLDNER
SIGISMUNDUS. Continued.
Benedict! Abbate. Accessit in fine Fragmentum Qusestionum eiusdem
Trithemij. Cum facultate Superiorum. Ingolstadii, Ex Typographeo
Ederiano, apud Elisabetham Angermariam, viduam. Anno M. DC. XVI.
4°. Pp. [8, portrait of Tritheim included] 127 [i blank]. Not about chemistry
or alchemy.
SILENTO (PETRUS DE).
See PETRUS de Silento.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 907.
1637, p. 403 ('Opus Chymicum,' 1613). Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum^
1731, II. ii. p. 265.
SINCERUS.
Die entdeckten Requisita Realia, wodurch zum wahren Fundament der Her-
metischen Wissenschafft vollkommen zu gelangen; Denen Liebhabern zum
Dienst eroffnet, so den Nahmen fiihret Sincerus. Drefsden und Leipzig,
zu finden bey Gottfried Leschen, Anno 1723.
8°. Pp. 78 [2 blank].
Twenty-seven requisites are enumerated and described for the successful attainment of transmutation.
SINCERUS (ALETOPHILUS).
Aletophili Sinceri Via ad Transmutationem Metallorum Fideliter Aperta
Norimbergae In Officina Cremeriana CID ID ccxxxxn
4°. Pp. [6] 304 [48]. Vignette with the motto : Auspice Deo.
See ALETOPHILUS (SINCERUS).
See HYDROPHILUS (SINCERUS).
SINCERUS RENATUS.
See RICHTER (SAMUEL).
SITONIUS (ALEXANDER).
See SETON (ALEXANDER).
SMARAGDINA TABULA.
See HERMES TRISMEGISTUS.
SOLDNER ( ).
Fegfeuer der Chymisten, worin fur Augen gestellet, die wahren Besitzer
der Kunst, wie auch die Ketzer, Betrieger, Sophisten, und Herren Gern
Grosse. Eroffnet von Einem Feinde des Vitzliputzli, der ehrlicher
Leute Ehre, und der Aufgeblasenen Schande entdecken will. Amster-
dam, Anno 1702.
8°. Sigs. A, B, C, in eights, or pp. 46 [2 blank]. The verso of the title is blank.
The address begins on p. 3 (or Aj recto). The running title is : " Fegfeuer, der
Chymisten." without a head line. 31 lines to the page, not including the catchword
line. Schmieder (p. 513) says Hamburg, really, not Amsterdam.
SOLDNER 387
SOLDNER ( ). Continued.
Including the above I have seen three issues of this tract with the same date ; there may be
others. The other two can be distinguished by the following differences :
Fegfeuer der Chymisten, Worinnen Fur Augen gestellt die wahren Besitzer
der Kunst ; Wie auch die Ketzer, Betrieger, Sophisten und Herren gern-
Grosse. Eroffnet von Einem Feinde des Vitzliputzli, der Ehrlicher Leute Ehre
und der Auffgeblasenen Schande entdecken will. Amsterdam, 1702.
8°. No pagination. Sigs. A, B, C, in eights, or pp. [47, i blank]. The address
begins on the verso of the title-page. The book is badly printed on poor paper.
There is no running title to each page, no ornament, and no head line. 29 lines
to the page, not including the catchword line.
The third copy has the following title :
Fegfeuer Der Chymisten, Worinnen Fur Augen gestellt die wahren Besitrer
der Kunst ; Wie auch die Ketzer, Betrieger, Sophisten und Herren gern-Grosse.
Eroffnet von Einem Feinde des Vitzliputzli, der Ehrlicher Leute Ehre und der
Auffgeblasenen Schande entdecken will. Amsterdam, 1702.
8°. Sigs. A, B, C, in eights ; or pp. [1-3] 4-16 (numbered) [17-47, i blank]. The
address begins on the verso of the title-page. There is no running title, but there are
the numbers on the first sheet, and an ornament on the others, with a headline below
it. 27 lines to a page, not including the catchword line.
The enlarged edition 'Keren Happuch,' which one subsequent to Petraeus has added a single item
follows, is also dated 1702 ; so that apparently the to our knowledge of the man — not even bis
book was in demand. Christian name, if he had such a thing.
This tract is ascribed to Soldner by Petraeus in There was, indeed, a Joannes Antonius Soeld-
his preface to Basilius Valentinus' Schriften, and nerus, who wrote a work : Methodus medendi per
this is quoted by Roth-Scholtz in his preface to the simplicia, ex veterum . . . monumentis eruta . . .
works of Sendivogius. cum annexa Materia Medica. Editio secunda, . . .
In Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, Soldner' s auction Lugduni Batavorum, 1705, 12°, men-
name is mentioned with doubt as the author (see tioned in the British Museum Catalogue. Whether
pp. 33, 215), whereas in other places (pp. 67, 79, this is the same person or not, I do not know ; the
I53. 25T) it is not included at all ; and similarly in dates are in agreement anyhow,
the Beytrag, p. 32, the book is referred to anony- The only thing additional is the statement in the
mously. The name of Soldner does not occur Beytrag, p. 644, that the author of the Fegfeuer
in Gmelin's Geschichte, though the book does, but was the editor of Beschreibung der Uralten Wis-
Schmieder assigns Keren Happuch to him quite senschaft vom Stein der Weisen, Hamb., 1692, 8°,
definitely, and Kopp seems to have had no doubt which is the Nodus Sophicus enodatus under
about it. another name, but there is no allusion to Soldner.
The whole superstructure, however, rests upon For a reply to the Fegfeuer, see Aletophilus,
the stability of Petraeus' statement, and it is curious Gliickliche Erober- und Demolirung des . . . Fege-
that those who were nearest to him seem to have feuers der Scheidekunst, 1705, and Erlosung . . .
been most doubtful. It is unfortunate, too, that no aus dem Fegfeuer, 1701.
Keren Happuch, Posaunen Eliae des Kiinstlers, oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, worinnen nebst den Neu-gierigsten und grossesten Geheim-
niissen fur Augen gestellet die wahren Besitzer der Kunst; Wie auch die
Ketzer, Betrieger, Pfuscher, Stumpier, Bonhasen und Herren Gern-Grosse. Mit
gar vielen Oertern aus der Schsifft und andern Urkunden eroffnet von Einem
Feinde des Vitzliputzli, der ehrlicher Leute Ehre und der aufgeblasenen
Schande entdecken will. Hamburg, bey Gottfried Libernickel im Dohm,
1702.
8°. Pp. [16, frontispiece included] 128. 2 woodcuts in the text
This is an enlarged edition of the preceding source of the poetical extracts referring to Edward
Fegfeuer. Whoever may have been the author, Kelley, Grassenhauer or Gustenhofer, Zachaire,
the book is of some importance as it is the sole and of a number of historical facts.
Sendivogius, Schriffien, ed. Roth-Scholtz, 1718, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine* practices, 1788, iv.
Vorbericht, p. 7, note. p. 298. (He mentions J. Anton Soldner, author of
Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 75. ' de methodo sanandi per simplicia,' Altd., 1700, 4°
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp. —apparently the first edition of the work above-men-
33. 67, 79, 153, 215, 251. tioned — who may possibly be the present author.)
Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 69 ; Th. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen sur Historic
ii. p. 64. der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. p. 49.
Fr. Basilii Valentini . . . Chymische Schriften, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 303-
ed. Petraeus, 1769, i., Neue Vorrede, sig. f2 recto. 304.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Schmieder, Geschichte derAlchemie, 1832, p. 513.
PP- 32, 552 (analysis of the book). Kopp, Die AUhemie, 1886, ii. p. 395.
388
SOHN—SOMMER
SOHN Sendivogii: Filius Sendivogii.
See HARPRECHT (jOHANN).
SOL sine Veste.
See ORSCHAL (j. c.).
SOLEA (NICOLAUS).
Philosophische Grund-Satze von Verbesserung der Metallen.
See DREY curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften, 1723, p. 3.
See DREY curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften, 1733, p. 3.
Solea, or, as Kopp calls him, Soleas, was a
chemist, who published under the name of Basilius
Valentinus a book in German on the Origin of
Metals. This is what Jocher reports, but it is
vague, and one is at a loss to know whether he was
the person who passed under the name of Basilius
Valentinus, or whether he put out one book only
under that name.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce,
1732, p. 135.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. p. 84 (I. i. 9. 25).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, in. p. 338.
Gmelin quotes only the 1723 edition of the
present collection.
Fictuld is of opinion that if he had understood
the noble truths he had collected, he would have
been far advanced in the mysteries, but as he had
written from quite another starting point they are
perverted puzzles of no service to anyone.
By Leupold another work is quoted : Nic Solese
von Berwercken per Eliam Montanum, 1660, 4°.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 662.
Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 131.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 307
(Drey Schriften).
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 337.
SOLOMON.
See SALOMON.
SOMMAIRE de la Medecine Chymique. Oil 1'on void clairement beaucoup de
choses, que les Autheurs ont tenues iusques icy dans I'obscurite. Auec vn
Recueil de Diuers Secrets de Medecine. A Paris, Chez Pierre Billaine,
rue S. Jacques, a la Bonne-Foy, deuant S. Yues. M.DC.XXXII. Auec
Priuilege du Roy.
8°. Pp. [16] 433 [i blank]. Vignette.
SOMMER (JOHANN GEORG).
De Margaritis.
See ROLFINCK (GUERNER), 1660.
Johann Georg Sommer, 1634-1705, belonged to
Scharzburg. He was M. D. and premier physician
of the Prince of Scharzburg, and practised at
Arnstadt. He was a member of the Academia
Naturae Curiosorum, into which he was received
with the name Machaon II. His death occurred
on 21 August, 1705.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 591 (list
of ' Observations ').
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 284 (enlarged list of ' Observationes '
in the ' Ephemerides ' and- ' Miscellanea ' of the
Academia Naturae Curiosorum).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 673.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 620.
He was the author of books on medical topics
and papers in the memoirs of the Academy on
the plague, obstetrics — Die Hebammenschule — the
bringing up of infants, and anatomical observa-
tions, mentioned by Haller.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 685.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 371.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
1778, iv. p. 206.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii.
p. 15.2. .
Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Midi-
cales, 3eme SeYie, 1881, x. p. 317.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 322.
SONGE- VERD—SPA G Y RISC HE 389
SONGE-VERD (Le).
See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii.
P- 437-
Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. 213. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 353. (Gives a
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic list of alchemical works having the title 'Vision'
Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 46, 301. 'dream,' 'traum,' &c. The above is not men-
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroft, Sciences tioned.)
Secretes, 1870, No. 1297-98.
SONNE.
See NEU-AUFFGEHENDE (Die) Chymische Sonne.
SONNE (Die) von Osten oder Philosophische Auslegung der Kette des goldenen
Vliesses nebst dem Kreuze der Ritterorden der Tempelherrn, Johanniter,
Teutschenherrn, u.a.d. und etwelcher Cabalistischen Figuren samt einem
Spiegel oder Probierstein der philosophischen Materie, und einer besonderen
Auslegung desselben an seine Freunde der Weifsheit Sohne von Rosa
Significet Hunnis ca. 5783.
8°. Pp. [16] 278 [2 blank]. Folding plate. Woodcuts in the text.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarofi, Sciences Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 389, 394 (titles
Secretes, 1870, No. 1563. of alchemical books referring to the sun).
SONNENBLUME der Weisen.
See LEADE (JANE).
According to Liborius ab Indagine, Leona Con- Clermont, and lived till 1716. He makes no
stantia, the authoress of this tract, was abbess of mention of Jane Leade.
Liborius ab Indagine, Chemisch-Physicalische Nebenstunden, oder Betrachtungen iiber einige nichi
gemeine Materien, Hof, 1780, p. 79.
SONNEN-GLANTZ.
See CHYMISCH-UNTERIRDISCHER Sonnen-Glantz, 1728.
SOPHIA LABORIS STUDIOSUS.
Warnung, Instruction und Beweifs.
See GRASSHOF (JOHANN), Aperta Area Arcani Artificiosissimi, 1687, p. 202.
SOPHISCHE Arie von der Weisen Stein.
See v. (j. R.), M.D., Guldene Rose, No. ix.
SPACHER (STEPHAN MICHAEL).
See MICHELSPACHER (STEPHAN).
Haller, however, calls him distinctly Stephan Michael Spacher, and refers to the 'Pinax,' &c.
Portal, Histoire de /' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 332.
1770, ii. pp. 402, 425.
SPAGNETUS.
See ESPAGNET (JEAN D').
SPAGYRISCHE Grund-Regeln.
See BERLICH (ADAM GOTTLOB).
390
SPALLANZANI—SPECTR UM
SPALLANZANI (LAZZARO).
Chimico Esame degli Esperimenti del Sig. Gottling Professore a Jena sopra
la luce del fosforo di Kunkel osservata nell' aria comune, ed in diversi
fluidi aeriformi permanent!, nella qual occasione si esaminano altri fosfori
posti dentro ai medesimi fluidi, e si cerca se la luce solare guasti il gaz
ossigeno, siccome pretende questo Chimico del cittadino Lazzaro Spallanzani
Professore di Storia Naturale nell' Universita' di Pavia, e Prefetto del
Pubblico Museo della medesima ; Socio delle Accademie di Londra, di Prussia,
Stockholm, Upsal, Gottinga, Olanda, Lione, Ginevra, Bologna, Torino, Padova
ec.; de' Curiosi della Natura di Germania, e di quelli di Berlino ; della
Societa Italiana, e Corrispondente delle Accademie delle Scienze di Parigi, e
Monpelieri. In Modena. MDCCXCVI. Presso la Societa' Tipografica.
Con licenza de' Superiori.
8°. Pp. [4] 171 [i blank], i plate.
Lazzaro Spallanzani was born 12 January, 1729,
at Scandiano, in the duchy of Modena, was edu-
cated by his father and by the Jesuits of Reggio,
and then he went to Bologna to attend the lectures
of the famous Laura Bassi, who is said to have
been his cousin.
At first he studied law, then took orders, for he was
an abbate, but finally gave himself up to the study
of natural history and specially of physiology.
In 1768 he was appointed professor of natural
history in the rehabilitated University of Pavia and
director of the museum, which was greatly en-
riched by his exertions. In 1785 he accompanied
the Venetian ambassador to Constantinople, and
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 603.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 607-
6n (anatomical works).
Angelo Fabroni, Vitce Italorum doctrina excel-
lentium, qm sceculis XVII, et XVIII. floruerunt,
Pisis, 1785, xii. p. 307 (letter from Fabronius to
Spallanzanius).
Bougine1, Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar-
geschichte, 1791, iv. p. 735.
Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire
historique, 1804, xi. p. 391.
Hirscbing, Historisch-litterarisches Handbuch
beriihmter und denkwiirdiger Personen welche in
dem achtzehnten Jahrhundert gelebt haben, 1809,
XII. ii. p. 340.
Thomson, History of the Royal Society, London,
1812, App. iv. p. liii (elected 2 June, 1768).
Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 200.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
London, 1816, xxviii. pp. 251-254.
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 235 (good account).
Biographie Universelle, 1825, xliii. p. 240 ; no
date, xl. p. 7.
Antonio Lombard!, Storia della Letteratura
Italiana nel Secolo XVIII., Modena, 1828, ii. pp.
43-52 (life, works, and his controversy with Scopoli).
on this journey made numerous observations and
collected specimens. In 1788 he visited Vesuvius,
the Lipari Islands and Sicily. After the Revolution
Spallanzani was offered a chair at Paris, which he
declined because of his health. He had been long
troubled with an ' ischurie v&icale,' which was
followed by several apoplectic seizures, and his
death occurred in his 7ist year, 12 Feb., 1799, at
Pavia. Hirsching, however, says the night of
lo-n Feb.
His work was confined chiefly to physiology and
was not concerned with chemistry, though some
of it was on the borders of bacteriology and of
physiological chemistry.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v.
pp. 51, 104, 185, 191 (acidity of the fluids in the
stomach), 220 ; (all refer to physiology).
Emilio de Tipaldo, Biografia degli Italiani
illustri nelle scienze, lettere ed arti del secolo XVI II.
e de' Contemporanei, Venezia, 1837, v. pp. 204-21
(by De Angelis).
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 192.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855,
»• P- 535-
Knight, The English Cyclopedia, Biography,
London, 1857, v. col. 623.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 968.
Nouvelle Biographie Gentrale, 1865, xliv. col.
282.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi-
cales, 3eme Se'rie, 1881, x. p. 733.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 584
(life and references), 593, 829.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p.
475-
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xni. p. 353.
SPECTRUM Spagiricum, Das ist : Der Guldene Irrwisch oder Spagirische
Wauwau. Anno 1721.
Without place and printer's name.
8°. Pp. 56.
SPECTRUM— SPERBER 391
SPECTRUM. Continued.
Adeptus Fatalis, Das ist : Geld, spricht die Welt ! Freyburg gedruckt An. 1721.
8°. Pp. [29, i blank].
These are satirical pieces against the alchemical ruin themselves with gold making, and the author
craze of the time. In the first a spirit appears to laughs at them for trying to make gold by receipts,
two men, Fritz and Hanns, who think to make He argues that as they could not do the work of a
gold, and implores Fritz to give up the hunt for tailor or a wood-turner even with the appliances,
the Stone. Then ensues a long discussion as to still less could they master at once the art of trans-
the stone and whether it exists or not. mutation, the highest of secrets, without due pre-
The second tract seems to have come out before paration. The author seems to attach a purely
the other, though here they appear together. It symbolical significance to the Stone,
contains an account of a man and his wife who
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 390.
[Another Copy — without the Adeptus fatalis.]
SPECULATIONES Phantasticae.
See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chimica, 1606, p. 233.
SPECULUM.
See SPIEGEL.
SPECULUM Modernae Alchimiae.
See PLUSIUS (EDUARD).
SPECULUM utriusque Luminis Gratiae et Naturae.
See GENTTERSBERGER (SAMUEL).
SPECULUM Secretorum.
See BACON (ROGER), De Arte Chymiae Scripta, 1603, p. 387.
SPECULUM Sapientiae.
See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM, 1705.
According to Fictuld, the author of this tract was have stayed at home with his tract. It is therefore
a cavalry officer, of Leyden, called Johann Hein- not for beginners.'
rich Vierort, a person of some learning, who allied As the author is placed by Fictuld in his first
his wisdom fairly well with theology. But, he class among the adepts, this is commendation,
adds, ' any one who is empty in the head will find There is no great difference between it and Fictuld's
nothing here to satisfy him ; for the author had condemnation,
little love (for his neighbour) and might as well
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 144. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 230, 353
(alchemical bibliography of 'Speculum' and
' Spiegel1).
SPERBER (JULIUS).
Isagoge, das ist : Einleitung zur wahren Erkanntniifs des drey-einigen Gottes und
der Natur.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii,
P- 119-
392
SPERBER— SPIEGEL
SPERBER (JULIUS). Continued.
Sperber was a magister philosophic and an
Anhalt councillor at Dessau. He lived at the end
of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth
century, his death being placed in 1616. Most of
his works appeared posthumously and were pub-
lished by Benedictus Bahnse in Amsterdam. His
influence induced Roth-Scholtz to edit his work on
the 'stone.'
The present work was published in Latin at
Hamburg, 1674, with the following title :
Isagoge in veram Triunius Dei & Naturae cog-
nitionem, concinnato a Julio Sperbero, M. Anno
Domini M. DC. VI 1 1. nunc verb primum publici
juris facta in qua multa quoque praeclara de
Materia Lapidis philosophici, ejusque usu mirabi-
lissimo continentur. [motto.] Hamburg!, Sumpti-
bus Johannis Naumanni, & Georgii Wolfii,
MDCLXXIV. 8°, pp. [16] 62 [i, i blank]. Title
red and black.
A reply to it was announced, but never appeared.
One of the books by which he is best known is
a Rosicrucian one : Echo der von Gott hocher-
leuchten Fraternitet, defs loblichen Ordens R. C.
Das ist : Exemplarischer Beweifs, das nicht allein
das jenige was jtzt in der Fama vnd Confefsion der
Fraternitet R. C. aufsgebotten, miiglich vnnd war
sey, sondern schon fur neuntzehen vnd mehr Jaren
solche Magnalia Dei, etzlichen Gottesfiirchtigen
Leuten, mitgetheilet gewesen, vnd von jhren
Privatschrifften depraediciret worden. Wie dessen
ein furtrefflich Magisch Scriptum vnnd Tractatlein,
der Hochlbblichen Fraternitet R. C. dediciret vnd
offentlich durch den Druck evulgiret wird. Durch
des Deutschen Abecefs Laut . . , Erstlich Gedruckt
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 725.
Ehrgott Daniel Colberg, Das Platonisch-Her-
metische Christenthum, Leipzig, 1690, i. pp. 121,
137, 286-287 • I6gii ii. p. 29 ; 1710, same references.
Buddeus, Introductio ad Historiam Philosophic
Ebraeorum, 1702, p. 296, § 35.
Pierre Poiret, Theologice Pacifica, itemque Mys-
ticee, ac hujus Auctorum, idea brevior, Amstel.,
1702, p. 173, § 47 ; reissued, with certain additions :
Bibliotheca Mysticorum selecta, Amstel., 1708, pp.
173. §47! 344;
Wolfius, Bibliotheca Hebraica, Hamburgi, 1721,
P. ii. p. 1246 (' Isagoge').
Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum,
1730, ii. pp. 121-127. i
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 295.
Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der philosopkischen
Historic, 1733, iv. p. 635 (writings on the Cabala) ;
I73S- vi- PP- II23. II35 (nfe)-
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, ii.
p. 254 (Th. II. xvii. 18. §26) (' Echo,' his work on
the Rosicrucians) ; ii. pp. 333-336 (Th. III. cap.
ii. §§10-12), (life and works); ii. p. 903 (Th. IV.
n. xxxii. §72), (brief resum6 of his character).
zu Dantzig, bey Andreas Hiinefeldts, Anno 1616.
Small 8°, ff. [22] 114. Title black.
This, according to the Missiv, is the second
issue. The first, which is extremely rare, was also
printed at Dantzig by Hiinefeldt in 1615, and the
title is in red and black. Editions of Hanau, 1619,
4°, with a red title and 1675, 4°, with a black title
are also quoted, and Semler speaks of one : Dantzig,
1620, 8°. It contains a review of the book ' Offen-
barung gottlicher Majestat,' and also the rules or
laws of the Fraternity (f. 104).
Abraham von Frankenberg mentions a manu-
script by Sperber : Von den Wundern der dreyen
Zeiten. Other manuscripts by him were also in
existence, and in particular a large volume en-
titled ' Opus Magicum.'
Besides the printed works already referred to he
also published the following, according to Roth-
Scholtz :
Precationes Kabalisticae, Magdeb., 1600, 8°;
Amsterdam, 1675. In German, Amst. (Liineburg),
1707, 12°.
Ein geheimer Tractat von den drey Seculis
Oder Haupt-Zeiten, Amst., 1660, 3 Theile, 8°.
This looks almost like an edition of the above-
mentioned manuscript.
Mysterium Magnum, Amst., 1660, 8°.
Ein feiner Tractat von vielerley wunderbarlichen
. . . seltzamen Dingen, Amst., 1662, 8°.
Griindliche Einleitung zur wahren Erkanntntifs
des Drey-einigen Gottes und der Natur! Ham-
burg 8°.
This is a translation of the Isagoge. A second
edition appeared in (1708) 1709, and from that
Roth-Scholtz made the reprint in his Theatrum.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 301.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxviii. col.
1504.
Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 145.
Missiv an die hocherleuchtcte Bruderschaft des
Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, pp.
47, 48 (' Echo').
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic
der Rosenkreutzer, 1786, i. p. 82.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 286,
560.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii.
P- 527.
Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei, 1844, p.
178, No. 2455 (' Echo ').
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 279 ;
1849, ii. p. 168.
Figuier, L'Alchimic et les Alchimistes, 1856, p.
19.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaro/, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 57-58, 1078.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 103 ; ii. p. 8.
SPES mea est in Agno.
See ESPAGNET (JEAN D').
SPIEGEL.
See C.ESAR (THEOPHILUS), Alchimey Spiegel, 1613.
See SPECULUM.
SPIEGEL— SPIELMANN 393
SPIEGEL der Alchymey.
See POYSELIUS (ULRICH).
Though he has a brief note upon Poyselius him- fession (the author was a priest) to preach the word
self, Fictuld has referred to this book again under of grace, go about teaching and writing such lies,
its title, has there stigmatized the author as an whereby their fellowmen are plunged into misery
' Erz-Bbsswicht ' and ' arg-chimist,' and has taken and want,
severely to task those who, called on by their pro-
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 131.
See JEAN DE MEUN.
SPIEGEL der heutigen Alchimie.
See HEUTIGE (Der) Alchimist.
See PLUSIUS (EDUARD).
SPIEGEL der Kunst und Natur in Alchymia.
See CABALA, Spiegel der Kunst . . .
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 146. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 353.
SPIEGEL beyder Liechter Natiirlichen und Vbernatiirlichen.
See GENTTERSBERGER (SAMUEL).
SPIEGEL der Philosophey.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614,
Der dritte Theil, p. 244.
See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 787.
SPIEGHEL (ADRIAN VAN DEN).
See SPIGELIUS (ADRIAN).
SPIELMANN (JACOB REINBOLD).
Jac. Reinboldi Spielmann Phil, et Med. D. Chemise Botanic. Reliquaeque Mater.
Med. P. P. O. Capit. Thomani Canon. Acad. Caesar. N. C. Regiae Berolin.
Elect. Mogunt. Sodalis, Colleg. Regii Med. Nancejan. Honor. Membri
Institutiones Chemise Praelectionibus Academicis Accommodates. Argen-
torati Apud Johannem Godofredum Bauerum. 1763.
8°. Pp. [15, i blank] 309 [59]. Vignette.
Istituzioni di Chimica del Sig. Giacomo Reinboldo Spielmann Dottore di
Filosofia e Medicina Professore Pubblico Ordinario di Chirnica Botanica e
Materia Medica nell' Universita' di Strasbourg, ec. Tradotte in lingua
Italiana dall' ultima edizione Francese dell' anno 1770., rivedute ed approvate
dall' Autore. Tomo primo. In Milano. M DCC LXXIV. Appresso
Giuseppe Galeazzi Regio Stampatore. Con licenza de' Superiori, e Privilegio.
8°. Pp. xxviij, 264. Engraved plate. Two printed tables.
Tomo Secondo. Pp. [2] 260. 6 plates of apparatus. Pp. 161-236 contain a
bibliography of Chemistry.
Pharmacopoea Generalis edita a D. Jacobo Reinboldo Spielmann. Argen-
torati 1783. Sumptibus Johannis Georgii Treuttel, Bibliopolae. Cum
Approbat. et Privilegio Regis.
4°. Pp. [21, i blank] 218 [2] 372 [48]. Portrait by Chr. Guerin, dated 1781.
394
SPJELMA NN— SPIES S
SPIELMANN (JACOB REINBOLD). Continued.
Spielmann, descended from an old Strasburg
family, was born at Strasburg, 31 March, 1722.
His father, who was by heredity an apothecary,
brought him up to his profession from 1735 to 1740,
during which time Marggraf was his father's assis-
tant, and helped to train the son. Spielmann
studied at the University the languages and philo-
sophy, travelled in Germany from 1740 to 1742, and
during that time served with the apothecary Beurer
in Niirnberg, attended Pott's lectures in Berlin, and
renewed his friendship with Marggraf, and went to
Henkel's lectures on mineralogy in Freiberg. In
1742 he was in Paris, and made the acquaintance of
Claude Joseph Geoffrey, the Jussieus, Reaumur,
and others. On his return to Strasburg in 1743 ne
passed his examination as an apothecary, and
entered his father's business. He continued his
studies, graduated in medicine in 1748, with a
dissertation ' de Principio Salino,' and was ap-
pointed extraordinary professor of medicine. He
took the degree of M.A. in 1754. In accordance
with the statutes, he was appointed in 1756 professor
of rhetoric, and had to occupy himself with
Greek and Latin poetry, but in 1759 he received an
E. G. Baldinger, Biographien jetztlebender Aerzte
und Naturforscher in und ausser Deutschland,
1772, Bd. I. (Stuck i, 1768), pp. 75-86, St. 3, 1771
(Zusatze) ; (St. 4, 1772), p. 227.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 535.
(The ' Institutiones Chemiae ' contain much refer-
ring to plants. )
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 492
(analysis of different sorts of milk).
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Midecine,
1778, iv. p. 307.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 42.
Crell, Chemische Annalen, 1784, i. pp. 545-580.
Vicq d'Azyr, Histoire de la Socittt royale de
Midecine, 1786.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 438, &c.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Res Metallica}, pp. 140, 159.
Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire
historique, 1804, xi. p. 403.
Vicq d'Azyr, Eloges historiques, Paris, 1805, ii.
p. 48.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 312, &c. , &c.
Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800
verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1813, xiii.
pp. 226-228 (and references).
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 245.
Biographie Universelle, 1825, xliii. p. 296; no
date, xl. p. 49.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v.
PP- 33- J94, 201, 584.
ordinary professorship of medicine, which entailed
him lecturing on chemistry, botany, pharma-
cognosy (materia medica), and directing the
Botanic Garden. After his father's death in 1748,
he carried on the business, arid gave his lectures in
his shop.
One of his most important papers is that on the
mineral oil of Alsace. He compared the volatile
portion, sp. gr. 0.808, with the ethereal oils, and
noticed the fluorescence of the heavier volatile
fractions. It was printed in the M6m. de PAcad. de
Berlin, 1758.
In spite of his multitudinous engagements, Spiel-
mann wrote a great many books and papers, lists of
which are given by Haag and other authorities. A
collection of his medical and chemical papers was
made after his death by his son, and published in
1785-
He died at Strasburg, 10 Sept., 1783. He was
member of the Leopoldine Academy, and of the
Academies of St. Petersburg, Berlin, Mayence,
Turin, and corresponding member of the Academy
of Sciences at Paris. He was five times Rector and
twenty times Dean of the Faculty in the University.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de
cine, 1839, iv. p. 194.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1845, iii. pp. 38,
48, 49.
Journal de Pharmacie et de Chimie, 1848, xiv.
pp. 35-41 (article by Cap).
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, ii.
p. 466.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, pp. 332, 637.
Paul-Antoine Cap, Etudes Biographiques pour
servir a f Histoire ties Sciences, Premiere S6rie,
1857, pp. 264-271.
Haag, La France Protestante, 1859, ix. pp. 307-
3°9-
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
ivorterbuch, 1863, ii. p. 971.
Nouvelle Biographie Gtnirale, 1865, xliv. col.
327 (calls him Renaud).
Dictionnaire Encyclopldique des Sciences Mldi-
cales, 3eme Serie, 1883, xi. p. 215 (calls him Rein-
hold ; article by L. Hahn).
Friedrich Wieger, Geschichte der Medicin und
ihrer Lehranstalten in Strafsburg vom Jahre 1497
bis zum Jahre 1872, Strassburg, 1885, pp. 64, 66,
67, 94-
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 484.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 391.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1893, xxxv. p.
171 (and references ; article by Fliickiger).
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
372, 563. 59°. 6°°-
SPIELMANN QACOB REINBOLD) and CORVINUS QOHANN FRIEDRICH).
Geschichte der kiinstlichen Luft.
See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches Chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. i.
SPIESS (JOHANN CARL).
Der Panaceas Solutivae oder Magnesias Albae eroffnete Unschuld, darinnen
derselben wahre Bereitung, vortreffliche Wiirckung, nichtige Beschuldigung
und richtige Vertheidigung vorgetragen von Dr. Joh. Carl Spiefs, Hoch Fiirstl.
SPIESS—SPIGELIUS
395
SPIESS (JOHANN CARL). Continued.
Braunschw. Liineburg. Leib- und Hof-Medico in Wolffenbuttel. Wolffen-
biittel, In Gottfried Freytags Buchladen.
8°. Pp. 48. No date.
Spiess was born at Wernigerode, in the Harz,
6 Dec., 1663, studied at Wittenberg and Jena, then
iu Holland, graduated M.D. at Utrecht 1685, re-
ceived an invitation in 1687 to Magdeburg as
Land-Physikus, thereafter in 1690 he was town and
court-physician at Stolberg, and entered the service
of Duke Anthon Ulrich at Wolffenbiittel in 1701,
and by his successor was made private physician.
He obtained the professorship of therapeutics at
Helmstadt in 1718. He was the author of various
Fabricius, His to rite Bibliothecce Fabriciance Pars
VI., Wolfenbuttelii, 1724, p. 40.
Die Gelehrten Zeitungen, 1730, p. 2. (I have
not seen this.)
Kestner, Medidnisches Gelehr ten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 803.
Zedler, Universal lexicon, 1743, xxxviii. col.
1642.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1751, iv.
col. 737.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 103.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 81.
works and some fine dissertations, was fond of
foreign remedies and discovered a medicine for the
smallpox. He died at Helmstadt 12 July, 1729.
Among his writings are the ' Schatz der Gesund-
heit,1 Hannover, 1711, 8°, a treatise on the mineral
waters of Ftirstenau and Wachtild ; and one of
his dissertations is upon medicines obtained from
valerian, Helmstadt, 1724, 4°. Lists of disserta-
tions on medical topics are given by Haller.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iv. p. 308.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv.
p. 67.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 365-
366.
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 247.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 486.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 391.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1893, xxxv. pp.
180-182 (by Ed. Jacobs).
SPIESS (K. HEINRICH).
Die Geheimnisse der alten Egipzier. Eine wahre Zauber- und Geistergeschichte
des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts von K. H. Spiefs. Mit zwei Kupfern.
Erster Theil. Leipzig, bei Freidrich August Leo, 1798.
8°. Pp. [8] 340 [2, 2 blank].
Zweiter Theil.
Pp. [2] 381 [i], (Mit einem Kupfer.)
Dritter Theil. Mit einem Kupfer, 1799.
Pp. [2] 458 [2].
SPIESS ( ).
Concordanz iiber des Nuysements sal coeleste.
See BECKER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Chymischer Glucks-Hafen, 1726, p. 126.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 15.
He is described by Becher as Pater Spiefs of Coin,
a Dominican monk at Vienna, and the tract is dedi-
cated to Count Peter von Baar, Imperial Hereditary
Postmaster.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 162.
SPIESSGLASS-TINKTUR.
See CHYMISCHE Abhandlung, 1768.
SPIGELIUS (ADRIAN).
Adriani Spigelii Bruxellensis Equitis Veneti, et in Gym. Pat. Anat. & Chirurgiae
Professoris Primarij De Semitertiana Libri Quatuor. Accessit in fine Epistola
eiusdem Argument!. Francofurti, Apud haeredes lo. Theodori de Bry.
Anno M.DC.XXIV.
4°. Pp. [12] 160 [4], Title in an engraved border, similar to what is round
Maier's ' Atalanta fugiens.'
396
SPIGELIUS— SPLENDOR
SPIGELIUS (ADRIAN). Continued.
Adrian van den Spieghel, or Adrian Spigelius,
was a native of Brussels. He passed his humanity
and philosophy course there and at Louvain, and
then went to Padua, where he studied medicine
with Aquapendente, became skilful in anatomy and
surgery, and graduated. He returned home and,
after some practice in Germany, became chief phy-
sician in Bohemia and Moravia. After the death
of Julius Casserius, he was called to the chair of
anatomy and surgery at Padua, and had ultimately
the rank of Knight of St. Mark conferred upon
him by the Venetian Republic. He had a quarrel
with Prevot, which was smoothed over with great
difficulty by the German students. He did not
long hold the chair, notwithstanding his vigour,
vivid spirit, and his age. At the marriage of
his only daughter, he, while removing some
broken glass, cut the forefinger of his left hand,
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 6.
Valerius Andreas, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1643,
p. 1 8.
Tomasini, Gymnasium Patavinum, 1654, lib. i.
p. 31, p. 80 ; lib. iii. c. 13, p. 303.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 12.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, pp. 165 (Int. c. iv. §29); 133
(Add. iii. 37. 3) ; 175 (Add. iv. 4. i) ; 273 (viii. 9.
2) ; 345 (x- *9- x)- (He is highly commended by
Conring.)
Freher, Theatrum virorum erudition* clarorum,
1688, p. 1350.
Papadopolus, Historic. Gymnasii Patavini,
1726, i. p. 352, No. cxviii.
Man get, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 296.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 458-9 (cause of his death),
672.
Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomies Specimen,
1734, P- 232.
Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, i. p. 21.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1740,
p. 803.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1743, xxxviii. col.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, i. pp. 185, 301, 313, 371, 387, 412, 436, 446,
514. 557 J "• 602.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelthrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv.
P- 735-
Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 395.
Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 449 & passim.
his arm inflamed, and a swelling appeared in
his arm-pit. When that subsided, diarrhoea fol-
lowed, and on the 16 January (7 April), 1625, he
died of pyaemia, in his forty-seventh year. At the
autopsy an abscess was found in the liver. He was
buried in the Basilica Eremitana.
He wrote some medical works and ' Isagoge in
Rem Herbariam,' Patavii, 1607; Lugd. Bat., 1633,
24°. His collected works were published by Van
der Linden in folio, at Amsterdam, in 1645.
Lists of his writings, which are entirely medical,
are given by Van der Linden, Mercklin and Manget,
who also gives a good sketch of his life, and
opinions as to his works are expressed by Conring.
The anatomical plates, edited by Bucretius of Bres-
lau and published along with Spigelius' text, are
those of Casserius.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 403.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 357
(anatomical works) ; 1777, ii. p. 753.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 314.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
p. 475 (various works).
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iv. p. 308.
Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire
historique, 1804, xi. p. 406.
Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 211.
Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 244.
Biographic Universelle, 1825, xliii. p. 302 ; no
date, xl. p. 54.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
pp. 130, 196, 474, 573, 599.
C. Broeckx, Essai sur I 'histoire de la Mtdecine
Beige, avant le XIXe Siecle, Gand, 1837, pp. 148-
151 (note on his life ; anatomical work) ; 176 (sur-
gical work) ; 188 (obstetrics) ; 209 (Spigelia an-
tkelmintica); 232 (botany); 311-12 (list of his
works).
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la M6de-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 196.
Ludwig Choulant, Geschichte und Bibliographic
der anatomischen Abbildung, Leipzig, 1852, pp.
77-79, 182.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mddicale, 1855, i.
P- 365-
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 54.
Dictionnaire Encyclopldique des Sciences Mildi-
cales, 3eme Se~rie, 1883, xi. p. 213.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v.
p. 484.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xm. p. 392.
SPLENDOR LUCIS.
See WIENNER (ALOYSIUS), 1785.
SPLENDOR Sails & Solis ein Discurs von der wahren Quinta Essentia und
Artzney-Krafft der Vegetabilien und Mineralien; sonderlich vom Auro
Potabili. Authoris Anonymi Eremitae. Anno M DC LXXVII. In Verle-
gung Johann Eichenbergks, Buchbinders in Neu-Hanau.
8°. Pp. 29 [i blank, i, i blank].
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 389.
SPLENDOR-STAHL 397
SPLENDOR SOLIS.
See TRISSMOSIN (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, 1598, Tractatus iii. p. 3.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemise, 1610, Appendix Primi Tomi,
p. [n].
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 8.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 163.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 390.
STABEL (GEORG FRIEDRICH).
Georgii Friderici Stabelii Medic. D. & Civitat. Halensis Physici adj. Chymise
Dogmatico-Experimentalis Tomus Prior Complectens Doctrinae Chymicae
Fundamenta. Halae Magdeb. 1728. Apud Job. Adam Spoerl.
8°. Pp. [i6J. Tomus I. 1-126. Vignette.
Fundamentorum Chymicorum Tomus II. De productis Chymicis Medicamentosis.
Pp. 127-324. Index [10],
There is a curious frontispiece (included in the pagination) in small compartments,
each of which contains the figure of a person depicting the several uses and appli-
cations of chemistry.
[Another Copy.]
Stabel's book is mentioned by Zedler, Weigel ground that as metals increased in weight by cal-
and Gmelin, but nothing is said about himself. cination, that process could not be due to their
He was a contemporary of Stahl's at Halle, losing anything, and similarly by reduction the
and objected to the phlogistic hypothesis on the weight became not greater but less.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xxxix. col. 714. Kopp, Die Entwickelun% der Chemie in der
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 133. neueren Zeit, 1873, P- S3-
Weigel, Grundrifs der reinen und angewandten Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 542.
Chemie, 1777, p. 12 (§ 15, a 26). (Dissertatio . . . de plica polonica, Halae Magd.,
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 683. 1724, 4°. With Gb'licke (Andreas Ottomar), Speci-
men Medicinae forensis, Halae Magd., 1708, 4°.)
STAHL (GEORG ERNST).
G. E. Stahls, Ausfuhrliche Betrachtung und zulanglicher Beweifs von den Saltzen,
dafs dieselbe aus einer Zarten Erde, mit Wasser innig verbunden, bestehen.
Halle, In Verlegung des Waysenhauses. 1723.
8°. Pp. [16] 432. Title red and black. Vignette.
It was translated into French : Traite" des Sels, terre subtile, intiment combined avec de 1'eau ;
dans lequel on de"montre qu'ils sont composes d'une ... a Paris, 1771, 12°, pp. xxiv, 480.
Herrn Georg Ernst Stahln, Konigl. Preufsischen Hof-Raths, und altesten Leib-
Medici, Billig Bedencken, Erinnerung und Erlauterung uber D. J. Bechers
Natur-Kiindigung der Metallen. Franckfurth und Leipzig, Verlegts Wolff-
gang Christoph Multz. 1723.
8°. Pp. [4] 443 [i blank]. Title printed across two pages.
Herrn George Ernst Stahls, Konigl. Preufsischen Leib-Medici und Hoff-Raths,
Chymia Rationalis et Experimentalis ; Oder gnindliche der Natur und Ver-
nunfft gemafse und mit Experimenten erwiesene Einleitung zur Chymie;
Darinnen hauptsachlich die Mixtion derer Sublunarischen Corper, nebst
deren Zerlegung und Relation gegen einander untersuchet, und mit vielen
398 STAHL
STAHL (GEORG ERNST). Continued.
Experimenten gezeiget wird. Nebst einem Anhange von denen Mercuriis
Metallorum, Mercuric animate, und lapide Philosophorum. Leipzig, bey
Caspar Jacob Eysseln, 1720.
8°. Pp. [16] 520. Index [31, i blank].
Dissertatio Medico-Chymica Inauguralis de Salibus Metallicis, quam Favente
Deo Optimo Maximo, Rectore Magnificentissimo, Serenissimo Principe ac
Domino, Dn. Philippe Wilhelmo, Principe Borussise, Marchione Branden-
burgico, Cetera, Gratiosissimse Facultatis Medicse Consensu, in Academia
Fridericiana sub praesidio Dn. Georgii Ernesti Stahl, Med. D. et Profess.
Publ Ordinar. h.t. Facult. Decani, Dn. Patroni ac Prseceptoris sui omni
observantiae cultu prosequendi, pro Licentia summos in Arte Medica
Honores, Jura & Privilegia Doctoralia rite ac legitime capessendi, d. Jun.
A. MDCCVIII. horis ante & pomeridianis in Auditorio Majori Publico ac
Placido Eruditorum Examini sistet Godofredus Rothius, Gorlic. Lusat.
Raise Magdeb. Literis Chr. Henckelii, Acad. Typ.
4°. Pp. 28.
Herrn George Ernst Stahls, Koniglichen Preufsischen Leib-Medici und Hof-
Raths, Einleitung zur Grund-Mixtion derer unterirrdischen mineralischen
und metallischen Corper. Alles mit griindlichen Rationibus, Demonstra-
tionibus und Experimentis nach denen Beccherischen Principiis ausgefiihret.
Leipzig Bey Caspar Jacob Eysseln, 1720.
8°. Pp. 407 [17].
A ! ft ! Georgii Ernesti Stahl, Fragmentorum ^Etiologiae Physiologico-Chymicse
ex Indagatione Sensu Rationali, seu Conaminum ad concipiendam notitiam
Mechanicam de Rarefactione Chymica Prodromus de Indagatione Chymico
Physiologica. Jense, apud Johannem Bielkium, Bibliop. Literis Nisianis,
Anno MDCLXXXIII.
12°. Pp. [22] 139 [7].
D. D. Georgii Ernesti Stahlii, Consil. Aulici et Archiatri Regii, Fundamenta
Chymiae Dogmaticae et Experimentalis, et quidem turn communions
Physicae Mechanicae Pharmaceuticae ac Medicae turn sublimioris sic dictae
Hermeticae atque Alchymicae. Olim in privates auditorum usus posita,
jam vero indultu autoris publicae luci exposita. Annexus est ad coronidis
confirmationem Tractatus Isaaci Hollandi De Salibus et Oleis Metallorum.
Editio Secunda, Emendatior et Auction Pars I. Norimbergae, Impensis
B. Guolfg. Maur. Endteri Consortii et Vid. B. lul. Arnold. Engelbrechti.
MDCCXLVI.
4°. Pp. [8] 255 [23].
Pars II.
4°. Pp. [10] 76, 199 [i blank, 31, i blank].
Pars III. MDCCXLVII.
4°. Pp. [8] 508 [18].
STAHL 399
STAHL (GEORG ERNST). Continued.
D. Georg Ernst Stahls, Konigl. Preussis. Hof-Raths und Leib-Medici Gedancken
von Verbesserung der Metallen, und wie man einen mafsigen Gewinnst
davon ziehen konne. Niirnberg und Altdorff, Bey Johann Daniel Taubers
Sel. Erben, 1720.
8°. Pp. 32.
Georgii Ernesti Stahlii Opusculum Chymico-Physico-Medicum, seu Schedias-
matum a pluribus annis variis occasionibus in publicum emissorum nunc
quadantenus etiam auctorum et deficientibus passim exemplaribus in unum
volumen jam collectorum, fasciculus publicae luci redditus, praemissa
prsefationis loco Authoris Epistola ad Tit. Dn. Michaelem Albert! D. & Prof.
Publ. Extraordinarium, Ildam Editionem hanc adcurantem. Halae Mag-
deburgicae Typis & Impensis Orphanotrophei. Anno MDCCXL.
4°. Pp. [8, including the portrait of Stahl] 856. Index [40]. Title red and black.
G. E. Stahls zufallige Gedancken und niitzliche Bedencken iiber den Streit,
von dem so genannten Sulphure, und zwar sowol dem gemeinen, verbrenn-
lichen, oder fliichtigen, als unverbrennlichen, oder fixen. Halle, In Verle-
gung des Waysenhauses. 1718.
8°. Pp. [8] 373 [3 blank]. Title red and black.
It was translated into French : Traite" du Soufre, combustible ou volatil, que fixe, &c., a Paris,
ou Remarques sur la Dispute qui s'est e'leve'e entre 1776, 12°, pp. [8] 392.
les Chymistes, au sujet du Soufre, tant commun,
Bedencken von der Gold-Macherey.
See BECKER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Chymischer Gliicks-Hafen, 1726.
Praxis Stahliana.
See STORCH (JOHANN), 1732.
Specimen Beccherianum.
See BECHER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Physica Subterranea, 1703.
Stahl was born at Anspach in 1660, studied founded a new theory of medicine and elaborated
under Wedel at Jena, was appointed professor of the theory of phlogiston. This was expounded in
medicine at Halle in 1694, was a member of the his treatise called Zymotechnia, 1697, which forms
Academia Naturae Curiosorum, into which he was the third part of his ' Fundamenta Chymiae.' Stahl
received 25 June, 1700, with the name Olympic- was an epoch-making man both in medicine and in
dorus, Prussian councillor and royal physician, chemistry. His services to medicine are enumer-
Berlin, 1716, and died there 14 May, 1734. He ated in the histories and dictionaries.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 325. Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 304, 315, 373, 374, 375, 511,
Reimmann, Einleilung in die Historiam liter- 521-2, 532, 533, 536, 537, 578, 712, 749, 778, 789,
ariamderer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 641. 793-5. 897.
Barchusen, De medicines origin e et progressu, Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce.
Dissertation*!, 1723, Dissert, xxv., pp. 571-591. 1732, ?• J36-
Fiirstenau, Desiderata Medico, Lipsias, 1727, pp. Commercium Litterarium, Norimbergae, 1734,
48. 55- 63. T6. 98- 10I> Il6» IX9. *36. *4<>, MS. 150, p. 249. (Gives his death at Berlin, 14 May,
152, 167, 178, 180, 208, 213, 229, 232, 242, 271, 1734.)
302. 323» 348. 352. 364. 399. 422, 453, 460, 476. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelekr -ten- Lexicon , 1740,
Job. Christ. Goetze, De Scriptis Stahlii ejusque pp. 806-808.
asseclarwn, Noribergae, 1729, 4°. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Pkilosophie
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 415, 484 ; iii. pp. 301-2.
1731, II. ii. p. 303. Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xxxix. cols.
btolle, Anleitttng zur Historie der Medicinischen 888-894.
400
STAHL—STAPHORST
STAHL (GEORG ERNST). Continued.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, passim.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 766.
Fictuld, Probier-Sfein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 133 (calls
him Stahel).
Buchner, Academics . . . Naturce Curiosorum
Historia, Halae, 1755, P- 4^4. No. 242.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1755, ii. p. 390 ; 1778, iv. pp. 313-316.
J. H. S. Formey, Eloges des Acadtmiciens de
Berlin et de divers autres Swans, Berlin, 1757, i.
pp. 328-333.
Strebel, Progr. III. de Vita Stahlii, Anspach,
i758-59, 4°.
Portal, Histoire de I ' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, iv. p. 148 et passim.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 62 (es-
timate of him).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. pp. 697-
701.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 542.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1776, i.
PP- 57. 72, 99; 1779, »i. PP- 575-594 (long list
of his works).
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 29.
Blumenbach, Introductio in historiam Mediciruz
litterariam, 1786, p. 342.
Fourcroy, Elements of Natural History and of
Chemistry, 1788, i. p. 131.
C. J. Bougine", Handbuch der allgemeinen Litter-
argeschichte, Zurich, 1790, iii. p. 411.
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Liter ar-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, pp. 370, 375.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 10-
12 ; 1798, ii. pp. 330, 659-681, &c. ; 1799, iii. pp.
9, 56.
Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 408.
Fourcroy, Systeme des Connaissances chimiques,
An. ix. [1800], i. pp. 51, 131.
Chaudon & Delandine, Nouveau Dictionnaire
Historique, 8th ed., Lyon, An. XII. = 1804, xi.
p. 419.
Job. Christoph Hoffbauer, Geschichte der Uni-
versitat zu Halle bis zum Jahre 1805, Halle, 1805,
pp. no (opposition by Stahl and Hoffmann to the
addition of newmembers to the medical faculty) ; 151
(botany was neglected ; Stahl who was the professor
gave no lectures, but afterwards in 1698 an extra-
ordinary professor, Heinrich Henrici, was ap-
pointed) ; 212 (influence of Stahl and Hoffmann
upon their pupils and the progress of the Univer-
sity).
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 107, 158, 215, 219, 235, 252, 258.
Hirsching, Historisch-litterarisches Handbuch,
Leipzig, 1809, XIII. i. pp. 85-88.
Aikin, General Biography, 1814, ix. p. 219.
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. pp. 251-260 (list of his works ; article by
R. Desgenettes).
Biographie Universelle, 1825, xliii. p. 414 ; no
date, xl. p. 129.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, Halle,
1828, III. i. pp. 32, 298-334 ; III. ii. pp. 518, 692.
Thomson, History of Chemistry, 1830, i. pp.
250-263.
G. E. Stahl, Theoria Medica vera, ed. Lud.
Choulant, cum Vita Auctoris, Lips., 1831-33, 3
vols. 8° (contains a list of Stahl's writings).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 508.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mlde-
cine, 1839, iv. pp. 204-213 (list of his works).
Spiess, /. B. van Helmonts System der Medicin,
1840, p. 311.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 402-8 ;
1869, ii. pp. 395-401.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1845, iii. p. no &
passim.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp.
SP'S^S, 366 ; »• P- 236>
Oettinger, Bibliographic biographique, Leipzig,
1854, ii. col. 1711.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, ii.
p. i oo.
Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, pp.
62, 105.
Brown, Lectures on the Atomic Theory, 1858, i.
p. 204.
Maine de Biran, ' Rapports du Physique et du
Moral de 1'Homme,' Oeuvres Philosophiques, ed.
Cousin, 1841, iv. pp. 44-53; Oeuvres inidites
publites par Ernest Naville, 1859, iii. p. 376 (both
refer to his physiology, not to his chemistry).
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
vj'orterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 979.
Alb. Lemoine, Le vilalisme et animisme de Stahl,
Paris, 1864, 12°.
Nouvelle Biographie Gentrale, 1865, xliv. col.
397-
Facultt de Medecine de Paris, Conferences Hts-
toriques faites pendant I ' annle 1865, Paris, 1866,
pp. 33-59 (2me Conference par M. Lasegue, L Ecole
de Halle : ' FreU Hoffmann et Stahl ').
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1305-07, 1636.
Kopp, Die Entwickelung der Chemie in der
neuern Zeit, 1873, pp. 44-57, &c., &c.
Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875,
St. iii. pp. 211-234.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp.
426, 483, 519 (life and references), 712, 737, 1028.
Hofmann, Chemische Erinnerungcn aus der Ber-
liner Vergangenheit, Berlin, 1882, p. 133.
Dictionnaire Encyclopidique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, seme SeYie, 1883, xi. p. 429 (article by
CheYeau).
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 69-75 (life and
alchemical opinions), 78, 99, 208, 231 ; ii. pp. 164,
181.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 502.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 546.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1893, xxxv. pp.
780-786 (and references ; article by B. Lepsius).
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904 pp.
484, 546, 603, &c.
STAPHORST (NICOLAUS).
Officina Chymica Londinensis, sive exacta notitia Medicamentorum Spagyri-
corum, quse apud Aulam Societatis Pharmaceutics Londin. prseparantur, &
venalia prostant. Consilio Pharmacopceorum & Approbatione Collegij
Medicorum Londinensium exhibitum. Opera & Studio Nicolai Staphorst,
STAPHORST—STARKE Y
401
STAPHORST (NICOLAUS). Continued.
Open Chym. diet. Societatis. Sumtibus Viduae Gothofredi Schultzen.
Hamburgi. Typis Henningi Brendekiani, 1686.
12°. Pp. [4] 68.
The above work is a reprint, omitting the dedica-
tion, preface and licence, of the book which was
published with the same title : Prostant venales
apud Guiliel. Miller, ad Insigna Glandis Aurece
in Coemeterio D. Pauli, MDCLXXXV. 12°, pp.
[8, 2] 145 [i blank]. Index [28]. This was the
first edition, so far as I know, because, first, there
is no indication in Staphorst's preface of a previous
one, and, secondly, the permission of the president
and censors of the College of Physicians is so
worded as to express that the book is now printed
for the first time. Unfortunately, neither the preface
nor the permission is dated. Staphorst, therefore,
was in London, and was operator or chemist to the
College. He was enthusiastically interested in his
practical work, of the results of which this book
may be regarded as a summary.
Mangel's entry corresponds with the above down
to the word 'prostant.' After that it reads: 'Ham-
burgi, ap. Viduam Gotofredi Schulzen, 1681 in 12.'
It may be observed in passing that this Gotofredus
Schulze must be different from the person of the
same name mentioned above, for his death did not
occur till 1694.
i"7;The date given by Manget must be a misprint ;
but, in all probability, he is Eloy's authority for
saying that the 'Officina' was printed at Hamburg
in 1681, 12°, and for his inference that Staphorst was
a chemist of Hamburg who had worked in London
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 306.
Moller, Cimbria Literata, 1744, i. p. 653.
Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 777.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iv. p. 316.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practicce, 1779, Hi.
p. 637 (officina chymica) ; 1788, iv. p. 305.
Rouging, Handbuch der allgemeinen Litlerar-
geschichte, 1790, iii. p. 455.
before its publication, and anyhow was in London
in 1686, as director of the laboratory of the College
of Physicians, and was discharging the same duty
in 1699.
According to Billings, there is an edition of
Jena, apud H. C. Crokerum, 1701, 24°, i p. I., 68
pp. It is evidently a reprint of the present edition,
if indeed it be not an issue of remainder copies
with a new title-page.
It is almost certain that Staphorst came from
Hamburg ; the name was not uncommon there,
and four persons of it are mentioned by Zedler ; but
the present man is not included among them.
Moller, however, gives more definite and accurate
information. He makes mention of four Nicolaus
Staphorsts, and says of the present one :
Nicolaus Staphorst, Hamburgensis, Collegii
Medicorum in Anglia Londinensis Chymicus,
officinaeque Chymicae, circa A. 1686., Praefectus,
A. 1699. superstes. Officina Chymica Londinensis,
seu exacta Notitia Medicamentorum ejus spagyri-
corum, Alphabetico ordine digesta. Hamburgi
1686. in 12. Recusa sub finem Pharmacopeia
Collegii Londinensis, in editione hujus tertia, Jenae
A. 1701. in 12. publicata.
He also translated from the German RauwolfFs
' Itinerary into the Eastern Countries,' which was
included in Ray's ' Collection of Curious Travels
and Voyages,' London, 1693, 2 vols., 8°.
Gmelin, GeschichtederChemie, 1798, ii. pp. 249, 398.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 560
(edition of Jena, apud H. C. Crokerum, 1701, 24°,
i p.l. , 68 pp.).
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
528, 585. (He does not mention the 'Officina,'
but ascribes to him the pamphlet : A Short View of
the Frauds and abuses committed by Apothecaries,
London, 1669, 1670, which, in my copies of the
two editions, bears the name of Dr. Christopher
Merrett. Staphorst surely would not write against
apothecaries ?).
STARKEY (GEORGE).
Pyrotechny Asserted and Illustrated, to be the surest and safest means for
Arts Triumph over Natures Infirmities. Being a full and free Discovery
of the Medicinal Mysteries studiously concealed by all Artists, and onely
discoverable by Fire. With an Appendix concerning the Nature, Preparation
and Virtue of several specifick Medicaments, which are noble and succed-
aneous to the great Arcana. By George Starkey, who is a Philosopher by
Fire. London, Printed by R. Daniel, for Samuel Thomson at the White-
horse in S. Pauls Church-yard, 1658.
Small 8°. Pp. [18] 172 [2 blank wanting].
There is another issue by the same people of pp. [4] xi. [i blank] iv, 172 [2 blank]. Dutch
the same date, small 8°, pp. [2] xi [i blank] iv, translation : Pyrotechnie ofte vuer stook-kunde . . .
172 [2 blank]. This same issue appeared again Amst., 1687, quoted by Boerhaave.
with a new title-page, London, 1696, small 8°,
La Pyrotecnie de Starkey, ou 1'Art de volatiliser les Alcalis, selon les Pre-
ceptes de Vanhelmont, & la preparation des Remedes Succedanees ou
II. 2C
402
STARKEY
STARKEY (GEORGE). Continued.
aprochans de ceux que Ton peut pre'parer par 1'Alkaest. Par le Sieur Jean Le
Pelletier, de Rouen. A Rouen, Chez Guillaume Behourt. & se vend a
Paris, Chez Laurent d' Houry, rue saint Severin, vis a vis la rue Zacharie,
au Saint-Esprit. M.DCCVI. Avec Approbation & Permission.
12°. Pp. [2] 200 [2].
It contains a historical notice of Starkey ; at the 1' Esprit des Vegetaux. Par Daniel Coxe. There
end (p. 190) : Maniere d'extraire le Sel volatil & is an earlier edition of 1704.
L'Art ou la Maniere de Volatiliser les Alcalis, & d'en pre'parer des Remedes
Succedane'es ou aprochans de ceux que Ton peut pre'parer par 1'Alkaest,
tirez des Ouvrages de Starkey. Par le Sr Jean Le Pelletier, de Rouen,
A Rouen, Chez Guillaume Behourt, vis-a-vis la Fontaine Saint Lo, a la Ville
de Venise. M.DCCVI. Avec Aprobation & Permission.
12°. Pp. [2] 200 [2].
This is identical with the preceding work ' La Pyrotecnie de Starkey.' The only difference is in the
title-pages.
Die Behaupt- und Erlauterte Pyrotechnic oder die vortreffliche Kunst das
Philosophische Feuer zu halten, und darinnen zu Arbeiten, in soweit dieselbe
zu alien kiinstlichen Wissenschafften (die iiber alle natiirliche Schwachheiten
triumphiren) eine bestandig- und sichre Wegweiserin ist, worinnen alle
Medicinalische Geheimniisse die bifs dahero von denen Artisten verborgen
gehalten worden, auffrichtig und vollkommen entdecket werden. Mit dem
Anhang aufs der Natur, wie in Bereitung verschiedentlicher Specificorum,
eine herrliche Medicin verfertiget werden konne, die der Wirckung, Krafft,
Hoheit und Tugenden nach, dem Wunder grossen Arcano gleichen, vormahls
durch den Hochberiihmten Artisten im Feuer Georgium Starckey, In Englis.
Sprach beschrieben, und an Tag gegeben, jetzo aber durch einen Freund in
das Hochteutsche gebracht und denen Filiis Artis mitgetheilet. Franckfurt
am Mayn, Zu finden bey Georg Heinrich Oehrling 1711.
8°. Pp. [34] 247. Contents [4, i blank]. Wants the preliminary blank leaf.
[Another Copy.]
8°. Pp. [2 blank, 18] 247. Contents [4, i blank]. Wants preliminary sheet b.
The Admirable Efficacy, and almost incredible Virtue of true Oyl which is made
of Sulphur- Vive set on fire, and called commonly Oyl of Sulphur per
Campanam.
See COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, p. 137.
There is a translation of this in Dutch, together This tract is contained in the reprint of the
with the tract on the Liquor Alkahest, and the Collectanea Chymica, London, 1893, p. 37.
Mercurius Philosophorum, by lo. van de Velde,
Amsterdam, 1688, 12°.
De Vita et Scriptis Starckii.
See FAUST (JOHANN MICHAEL), Philaletha Illustrates, 1706.
The Marrow of Alchymy.
See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy, 1709.
STARK EY
403
STARKEY (GEORGE). Continued.
Kern der Alchymie.
See PHILALETHA (iREN^EUS PHILOPONUS).
Considerable confusion exists as to Starkey's life
and works ; the accounts, all apparently from
personal knowledge, are discordant, and he is so
involved with the person known as Eirenaeus
Philaletha (q.v. ), that it is difficult to disentangle
them and treat them apart.
Starkey is said to have been an apothecary who
made the acquaintance of Philaletha in America,
obtained from him a quantity of a powder for
transmuting metals into silver, and some MSS. on
alchemy.
They separated, Starkey came to London, per-
formed transmutations, but lost his powder in
attempts to convert it into the tincture for gold,
and edited (?) under the pseudonym of Irenaeus
Philoponus Philaletha (q.v.) the Marrow of
Alchymy, into which he seems to have introduced
matters relating to himself personally. Accusations
have been brought against him of having deceived
Philaletha, and of having appropriated the MSS.,
and Cooper seems to think that he made away with
some of them. Anyhow Cooper was very anxious
to recover them if they still existed.
He seems to have practised medicine and to have
invented certain specifics, and claimed in the
following tract to be the original maker of what
was called Richard Mathew's Pill : —
George Starkey's Pill vindicated from the un-
learned Alchymist and all other pretenders. With
a brief account of other excellent specifick Remedies
of Extraordinary virtue, for the honour and vindica-
tion of pyrotechny. No place (London?), no date
(1660?), small 4°, pp. 8, but Sibley, quoting a copy
in the Boston Athenaeum, says 8°, p. 16. The
British Museum copy has no title-page, if ever
there was one.
In this he claims the invention, and avers that he
gave the receipt to Mr. Richard Mathew, as is
obvious from the appendix to his ' Unlearned
Alchymist.' The tract is an advertisement of
certain of his medicines.
In one place he alludes to his youthful years,
1651 to 1655.
He was well known and was on good terms with
•GEORGE STIRK.
Died 1665.
'George Stirk, Starkey, or Storkey, M.A., ap-
pears to have been the son of the Reverend George
Stirk, of the Somers or Bermuda Islands, author of
the Musae Somerenses, published at London in
1635-
Deceml>er 4, 1639, Patrick Copeland, an aged
minister at the Bermudas, writes from Paget's
Tribe to Governor John Winthrop : " I have sent
you a small poesie of one of our preachers, whom
the Lord hath taken to himselfe : he hath left
behinde him a hopefull sonne of his owne name,
who is reasonable well entred in the Latine tongue.
If there be any good schole and schole maister with
you, I could wish with all my heart that nee might
have his education rather with you, then in old
England, where our company there have, by their
letters this yeere to our Governo' Capt. Thomas
Chaddock (who desires the continuance of your
love), promised after a yeere or two to take charge
of his education with them. Hee is a fatherless
1 Antimony.
Dr. George Thomson, and dedicated his Pyrotechny
to Robert Boyle, to whom he was introduced by
Dr. Robert Child.
He published several works under his own name :
Natures Explication and V. Helmonts Vindication,
1657, German translation, 1722; Liquor Alchahesl,
edited by J. Astell, London, 1675, 12°, German
translation, 1722, along with the preceding, and
others.
According to the Epistola of Hertodt, Starkey
died of the plague in 1665, in the debtors' prison,
but according to Cooper he died 'of the sickness,"
that is the plague, in 1665, in consequence of having
made a post-mortem examination of a plague
victim.
Thomson mentions his illness and death without
any details, and of another friend, Dr. Joseph Dey,
and adds : ' They are gone, and at rest free from
Persecution, Slanders and Obloquies of their
Enemies, and have left me behind to deal with
those that are always supplanting and contradicting
the Truth.'
Jean le Pelletier has left a vigorous defence
of Starkey against the accounts of Hertodt and
others in the preface to his translation of the
Pyrotechny. Astell in his preface to the Liquor
Alchahest refers to certain of Starkey's "moral
failings." In spite of these he seems to have been
kindly judged by Thomson, Astell, Pelletier, and
others.
The following narrative by Sibley is so different
from the usual accounts, and gives such curious
information about Starkey's life, that I have thought
it better to transcribe the section as a whole, and let
it stand on its own merits than attempt to work it
into the ordinary biographies. It may be noticed
that the form 'Stirk,' which seems to be really
his name, corresponds better with the anagrams
' Egregius Christo,' and ' Vir gregis Gustos,' which
occur in 'A True Light of Alchemy' (q.v.), than
Starkey, which he seems to have preferred in
England, possibly because of trivial popular associa-
tions with the other.
childe, and of good expectation, if God sanctifie his
spirit."
The persons of whom Copeland writes I conclude
to be no other than the two George Stirks, father
and son.
In a subsequent letter to Winthrop, dated "From
George's Prison, Christ's Schole, this last of the 7th
m°. 47," Copeland writes: "I doubt not but you
will afford your grave counsel to George Stirke,
whom both his father and my selfe dedicated vnto
God. I heare hee practises physick. I ever in-
tended divinity should be his maine study."
August 2, 1648, the graduate writes under the
signature "Geo. Storkey" : —
" To the Wpful Mr. John Winthrop at his house
at the Pequot these.
' ' I heare you shortly intend to come to the Bay ;
if by water, if you could spare any $' and $?2, I
should content you for it and rest ingaged. If you
could spare one or two of your greater glasses, you
would do me a great pleasure. I wish, if you could
find Helmont de Febribus, I might borrow him of
2 Mercury.
404
STARKEY
STARKEY (GEORGE). Continued.
you, as also de Lithiasi, also the little booke
intituled Encheiridion Philosophiae restitutae, wth
Arcanu Philos: at the end of it. If your WP would
be pleased to remember the Keyes of the cabinets
wherein your bookes are, I should count it an
extreame felicity once to have the view of chemical
bookes, wch I have not read a long time. Theatru
Chemicu I should chiefly desire. I have built a
furnace, very exquisitely, but want glasses, J £ g.
Mr. Barkly is gone."
As additional to the evidence afforded by these
letters with regard to the parentage of the graduate,
and that he was from the Bermudas, it may be
remarked, that among the passengers who came to
Boston in 1650, in the vessel which carried con-
tributions to the suffering exiles from those islands
who had settled at the Bahamas, mention is made
of "Mr. Stirk's sister," and of Stirk's classmate,
" Mr. White's son Nat: wh:."
That Stirk remained in New England till he
became Master of Arts appears not only from the
fact of his having received this degree, on which
occasion the candidate was expected to be present,
but also from the circumstance that the title of
" Mr.," signifying Master of Arts, is prefixed to his
name on a record that he received £z 6s. 8d. of the
disbursements made by President Dunster. Not
long afterward he went to England, where he
became eminent as a chemist, and published
several treatises in English, " By George Starkey,"
and others in Latin, having on the title-page "a G.
Starkeio."
May 20, 1650, his name appears in the records of
the General Court of Massachusetts as a party in
interest to a petition of Elizabeth Stoughton, of
Dorchester, widow of Israel Stoughton, for the
confirmation to John Milam, of Boston, of a sale of
" certajne lands, which, wth part of the tidemills
and other the appurtenances, is menconed in a deed
between hir & George Stirke, hir sonne, and John
Milam."1
In the Interleaved Triennial Catalogue of the
Reverend Nicholas Oilman, H.U. 1724, is written
against Stirk's name, ' ' Med. Engld. Died in ye
Great Plague."
In a manuscript lecture on Sir George Downing
by Charles Wentworth Upham, it is stated that
Stirk ' ' rendered himself famous, by his professional
skill, during the dreadful plague in London in
1665. His extraordinary knowledge of chemistry
led him to the discovery of a remedy which, if
properly applied, was always found effectual. He
was the only physician in the city who could cure
the plague. As may be well supposed, he was in
such constant demand that his constitution became
debilitated by fatigue and exposure, and at length
the disease fastened upon him. His remedy was
required to be administered at a particular stage of
the malady when the patient had passed into a
delirium. As he felt himself approaching that
state, he gave the most minute directions to his
attendants in reference to the mode of administer-
ing his medicine. When the delirium had passed
off he made inquiries as to the treatment he had
alf this "George Stirke" be the graduate, it is
obvious, though not sustained by any known
record, that Israel Stoughton subsequently to the
birth of his son, Governor William Stoughton,
H.U. 1650, became a widower, and married the
widow of the Reverend George Stirk.
2 Upham writes: "For the circumstances in
received, and found that an irremediable and fatal
error had been committed. He had scarcely time
to declare that he was a dying man. His remedy
died with him."2
A letter of the Reverend John Allin, H.U. 1643,
printed in the Archaeologia of the Society of An-
tiquaries, and dated at London, 14 September,
1665, states :
' ' Our friend Dr. Starkey is dead of this visitation
[the plague], wth about 6 more of them chymicall
practitioners, who in an insulting way over other
Galenists, and in a sorte over this visitation sicknes,
which is more a judgment than a disease, because
they could not resist it by their Galenical medicines,
wch they were too confident y' their chymical
medicines could doe, they would give money for
the most infected body they could heare of to
dissect, which yey had, and opened to search the
seate of this disease, &c. ; upon ye opening whereof
a stinch ascended from the body, and infected them
every one, and it is said they are all dead since,
the most of them distractedly madd, whereof G.
Starkey is one."
WORKS.
1. Nature's Explication | . . . | By George
Starkey, a Philosopher made by the | fire, and a
professor of that medicine which | is real and not
Histrionical. || London, 1657. 16°. (Boston Athe-
naeum.)
2. Pyrotechny | Asserted and Illustrated, | . . . ||
London, eds. 1658 and 1696. 16°. (Boston
Athenaeum. )
3. George Starkey's Pill Vindicated | From the
Unlearned Alchymist and all | other pretenders. |
With | A brief account of other excellent Specifickj
Remedies of extraordinary Virtue, for | the honour
and vindication of Pyrotechny. || 8°. n.p., n.d.
pp. 16. (Boston Athenaeum.)
4. Royal and innocent Blood crying to Heaven
for vengeance. London, 1660. 4°.
5. A smart Scourge for a silly sawcy Fool.
1664. 4°.
6. A brief Censure and Examination of several
Medicines of late Years extolled for universal
Remedies. Lond., 1664. 4°.
7. An Epistolary Discourse to the learned and
deserving author of Galens-pale \sic\. Lond.,
1665. 4°.
8. Letter to George Thompson. Lond., 1665. 8°.
9. Geo. Starkey's Liquor Alkahest the Immortal
dissolvent of Paracelsus and Helmont. 1675. 8Q.
10. The Admirable | Efficacy, | And almost in-
credible Virtue of true | Oyl, . . . || London, 1683.
8°, pp. [13]. (Boston Athenaeum.)
This tract, with its title, occupies pages 137-151
of the Collectanea Chymica. It mentions " George
Starkey 's House, in St. Thomas Apostles, next door
to Black-Lyon-C0«r/ " ; and the editor, on page
151, states that Starkey lived there when his treatise
was written, ' but he dyed (as I have been informed)
of the Sickness, Anno. Dom. 1665, by venturing to
Anatomize a Corps dead of the Plague (as Mr.
Thomson the Chymist had done before him, and
lived many Years after), but Mr. Starkey 's adven-
reference to his connection with the plague of
London, and his tragical and sudden death, I am
indebted to the late venerable and learned Doctor
Edward Augustus Holyoke, of Salem. He related
them to me when in his one hundred and first year.
They had been brought to his knowledge by tradi-
tion, which, when it reached him, however, was so
recent as to have a very high degree of authority."
STARKE Y—STA TTLER
405
STARKEY (GEORGE). Continued,
ture cost him his Life, however the Medicine truly
made and prepared from Mineral Sulphur called
Sulphur Vive, may now be had of very many
Chy mists in and about London, nay, the difficulty
in making thereof is not so great, but that you may
make it your self if you please, and if you do but
wait the Time, and Opportunity to buy the Mineral
Sulphur (not common Brimstone) for the Mineral
is not to be had at all times.
" The Process and shape for the Glass Bell, and
the manner of making and rectifying this Spirit
from Mineral Sulphur or Sulphur Vive as it conies
George Thomson, AOIMOTOMIA or the Pest
anatomized, London, 1666, pp. 83, 96, 100.
Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione ad . . .
Joelem Langeloitum . . . Epistola, 1673, pp. 143, 145.
William Cooper, A Catalogue of Chymicall Books,
1675, sigs. R2 recto ; Part ii. D3 recto.
William Cooper, Ripley Revived, 1678, notes and
advertisements.
William Cooper, Collectanea Chymica, 1684,
p. 151.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii.
p. 698 (Hertodt's ' Epistola').
Joh. Michael Faustius, Philaletha Illustrates,
1706, Praefatio Faustii, sig. C3 verso.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 196.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 306. (Review of the ' Pyrotechnia '
from the Ada Lipsiensia, Ann. 1692, p. 180,
Supplem. Tom. i.).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermdtique, 1742, i. pp. 404, 480 ; iii. p. 302.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xxxix. col.
1249 (a mere note).
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
Amst. , 1751, i. pp. 138-139.
Ficluld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 114
(under Philalethes).
Pharmacopie du College Royal des Mddccins de
Londres, 1761, i. p. cxxv. (about Starkey's and
Malhew's Pill).
Baumer, Bibliotheca chemica, 1782, p. 17.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 639 (Dutch translation).
Stone-like out of the Earth, it may be seen in the
Chymical Works of Hartmann and Crollius called
Royal Chymistry, Charas's Royal Pharmacopeia,
Lefebure, l^hibault, Lemery, Glaser, Schroder's
Dispensatory, and many others."
Authorities. Archaeologia, xxxvii. 10 ; Mas-
sachusetts Hist. Society, Collections, xxxix. 279,
353> 359- J> Quincy, History of Harvard Uni-
University, i. 457 ; J. Savage, Genealogical Diction-
ary, iv. 172, 197 ; Interleaved Triennial Catalogues ;
other MSS.'
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv.
p. 20 (Dutch version of the ' Pyrotechny ').
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen sur Historic
der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. pp. 50, 93, 94, 126.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 744 ;
1798, ii. pp. 4, 333, 514.
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors, ii.
8752.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, pp.
39*. 394-
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ''• P- 248 >
1869, ii. p. 240.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855. P- SIS-
Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, p.
279.
Archceologia, 1857, xxxvii. p. 10 (Starkey's death
from the autopsy of a plague victim ; article on the
Plague by W. D. Cooper).
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1619.
John Langdon Sibley, Biographical Sketches of
Graduates of Harvard University, in Cambridge,
Massachusetts, Cambridge [Mass.], 1873, i. pp.
I3I-I37.
Lives of Alchemystical Philosophers, ed. Waite,
1888, pp. 195, 197.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 568
(quotes John Langdon Sibley's ' Biographical
Sketches ').
Dictionary of National Biography, 1898, liv. p.
107 (article by Edward Irving Carlyle),
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p. 489.
STATTLER (BENEDICT).
Mineralogiae et Metallurgiae Chemicae Principia Physica auctore P. Bened.
Stattler S. J. Philosoph. Professore Publ. Ord. in Alma Universitate
Oenipontana. Permissu Superiorum. Oeniponti, Sumptibus Mich. Ant.
Wagner, Caes. Reg. Aulag & Universitatis Typogr. ac Bibl. 1765.
8°. Pp. [8] 224. Plate of apparatus.
Stattler was born at Kotzing in the Bavarian
forest (bishoprick of Ratisbon), 30 Jan. (others
13 Septr.), 1728. He acquired the rudiments of
Latin in the Benedictine Monastery of Nieder-
altaich, and finished his school and gymnasium
training at Munich, and entered the Jesuit order
in 1745 at Landesberg on the Lech. At Ingol-
stadt he spent three years on philosophy, a year
on mathematics and three years on theology,
became a teacher in the gymnasium at Straubing,
Landshut and Neuburg, and was made a priest in
1759. At Solothurn and Innsbruck he lectured for
six years on philosophy and theology, and in 1770
was made doctor and professor of theology at
Ingolstadt, and he still continued there, even after
the order had been abolished. In 1773 he was
elected a member of the Bavarian Academy of
Sciences at Munich, in 1776 he held the under
pastoral charge of St. Moritz in Ingolstadt, and he
was Vice-Chancellor of the University. When the
Bavarian branch of the Maltese Order was estab-
lished and the ' pastoral ecclesiastical ' chairs in the
universities and schools in Bavaria were taken over
from the monasteries, and the secular priests and
ex-Jesuits removed from their offices, Stattler went
in 1782 as town-pastor to Kemnath in the Ober-
pfalz, but resigned his charge in a few years and
removed to Munich where he became electoral
ecclesiastical councillor and member of the ' Cen-
surcollegium. '
406
STA TTLER— STEINBERGEN
STATTLER (BENEDICT). Continued.
In 1794 he obtained permission to retire and
thereafter lived privately at Munich.
He was a man of regular and blameless life,
strenuous for the truth, but intolerant of those who
differed from him. He was aggressive and had
many disputes in the University at Ingolstadt,
though his ability, acuteness and speculative genius
were fully recognised.
Although considered at one time an innovator in
philosophy, latterly he resisted all novelty with
Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon
der jetztlebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 4th ed.,
1784, iii. p. 604 ; Nachtrag, 1787, ii. p. 370 ; 1788,
iii. p. 349 ; 1791, iv. p. 711 ; 1795, v- "• P- 373-
Bougin6, Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar-
geschichte, 1791, iv. p. 743 (from Meusel).
Friedrich Schlichtegroll, Nekrolog auf das Jahr
1797, viii. Jahrgang, Zweyter Band, Gotha, 1801,
pp. 145-190 (by Jacob Salat).
Hirsching, Historisch-litterarisches Handbuch
beriihmter und denkwiirdiger Personen, welche in
dem achtzehnten Jahrhundert gelebt haben, 1809,
XIII. i. pp. 141-156.
Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800
•verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1813, xiii.
pp. 298-304.
Clemens Alois Baader, Lexikon verstorbener
Baierischer Schriftsteller des achtzehcnten und
indefensible violence. By his partisans and
admirers he was overpraised, by his opponents he
was over-depreciated, but after his death a more
accurate estimate was formed of his undoubted
merits.
He died at Munich, 24 Augt., 1797, of apoplexy,
and the bulk of his fortune, which was not incon-
siderable, was left to schools and to the poor.
His writings refer principally to philosophy and
theology.
neunzehenten Jahrhunderts, Augsburg und Leipzig,
1825, II. ii. pp. 176-182 (list of forty-six writings ;
references to authorities).
De Backer, Bibliotheque des £crivains de la
Compagnie de Jtsus, 1859, v. pp. 706-711.
Werner, Geschichte der katholischen Theologie,
1866, pp. 167, 173, &c. , &c. ['Geschichte der Wis-
senschaften in Deutschland, Sechster Band, Mttn-
chen, 1866'].
Carl Prantl, Geschichte der Ludwig-Maximilians-
Universitdt in Ingolstadt, Landshut, Munchen,
Miinchen, 1872, ii. p. 512.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1893, xxxv. pp.
498-506 (by Reusch).
Carlos Sommervogel, Bibliotheque de la Compag-
nie de Jtsus, Bibliographic, 1896, vii. cols. 1498-
1509.
STEIN DER WEISEN.
See V. (j. R.), M.D., Giildene Rose, No. iv.
See EROFFNETE Gehcimnisse des Steins der Weisen [1708].
STEIN (Vom) der weisen Philosophen.
See NEANDER (THEOPHILUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 354.
STEINBERGEN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH VON).
See CHYMISCHER MONDEN-SCHEIN.
See CHYMlsCH-Unterirdischer Sonnen-Glantz.
See METALLISCHER BAUM-GARTEN.
See NEU (Die) aufgehende Chimische Sonne.
See SABOR (CHRYSOSTOMUS FERDINAND VON).
The author of these tracts appears under four
different names.
Fictuld (Th. ii. p. 135) says the author first
called himself Christian Friedrich von Sternenberg,
but afterwards changed his name to Steinbergen
('the Stars to a Stone"). He was a cheat, arch-
sophist, etc., from the Fictuldian point of view.
Fictuld assigns to him not only the first and third
of the above tracts, but also the Practica natures
vera of Chrysostomus Ferdinand von Sabor (q.v.),
who, he says, is no other than Steinbergen, as well
as the fourth tract, which is probably also by the
same.
In the Beytrag the author of the Practica is
called Sabor, but his true name, it is said, is
Christian Friedrich Sendimir von Siebenstern.
This is repeated by Kloss, by Schmieder and by
Kopp, without any reference, however, to Fictuld's
statements. Dufresnoy simply mentions von Sabor
and his book.
Of the person, or persons, above mentioned, I
have found no notice, and I do not know Fictuld's
authority for identifying them. Ladrague in his
note to No. 1382 decides in favour of Fictuld's
view, but without stating any special reason for so
doing. The following minute points may serve to
indicate a connection between these books and so
confirm Fictuld's statement, though no weight is
ever to be attached to what he says.
The author of the Chymisch-unterirdischer Son-
nen-Glantz conceals his name under the phrase :
Christlich, Fiirsichtig Vnd Stille, the initials of
which, C. F. V. S., correspond either with Stein-
bergen's or with Sabor's.
All the treatises, (i) 'Sonnen-Glantz,' (2) Sabor's
' Practica,' and (3) ' Monden Schein,1 are provided
with frontispieces, and although they are by no means
alike, they have a few details in common which
may imply or involve a unity of origin. These can
be appreciated only by comparison, but, amongst
others, the resemblance of the dress, figure and
attitude of the chemist, and that of the apparatus
in (i) and (2) ; the three flasks in (2) and (3) ; the
mottoes " Eins in alien, alles in eins'' in (3) and
"Alles in einem" in (i), can hardly be accidental.
But whether the author's real name was Stein-
bergen or Sabor, Sternenberg or Siebenstern, I
cannot decide.
S TEINBERGEN-S TEPHANI
407
STEINBERGEN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH VON). Continued.
that Giildenfalk agrees with Kloss and other author-
ities above mentioned.)
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785,
p. 660.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 323.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 517.
Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei, 1844,
p. 196, No. 2636.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaro/, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1381-84.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 348.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 292.
Fictuld, Probier-Slein, 1753, Th. i. pp. 83, 136 ;
Th. ii. p. 135.
Giildenfalk, Sammlung von mehr ah hundert
wahrhaften Transmutationsgeschichten, 1784, p.
291, No. 93. ('Nachricht von des Baron von
Sabors ausgearbeiteten Tinktur und damit von ihm
angestellten Projektion ' ; in the index he says that
Sabor is 'eigentlich der Herr von Siebenstern,' so
STEINER (PETER).
Handschrift von der Universal Materie.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 189.
STELLIS (GRATIANUS AMANDUS DE).
Geistlicher Discurs und Betrachtung.
See ALLGEMEINE und General Reformation der gantzen weiten Welt, 1781,
p. 123.
The first edition of this treatise was published at
Oppenheim, 1618, and reprinted as above in 1781.
Frankfurt, Hermann, 1824 ; and an account of it
is contained in the reprint of the Fama and Con-
An abstract of it appeared in the fifth 'Sammlung fession, 1827. Nothing is said about the author,
der Blatter fur hohere Wahrheit,' by J. F. v. Meyer, who appears here probably under a pseudonym.
Die beyden Hauptschriften der Rosenkreuzer, die
Fama und die Confession, Frankfurt a. M., 1827,
p. 88.
Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844,
Nos. 2429, 2432, 2538.
STENTZEL (CHRISTIAN GOTTFRIED).
Ste WEDEL (GEORG WOLFFGANG), Verniinflftige Gedancken vom Gold-Machen,
Vorrede, 1734.
Stentzel was a doctor of medicine and professor
at Wittenberg, and wrote a number of works on
medical topics, a list of which is given by Zedler.
They include one on poisons, on philtres, on the sur-
gery of Stahl, on theoretico-practical medicine, and
De Somno sanitatis et morborum przesidio diatriba,
Leipzig, 1721, 1725, 8°. This was published by
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 894 (discussion on sleep in
health and disease, 1725).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xxxix. col.
1841 (list of writings).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 813 (Programma).
Portal, Histoirede I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, iv. p. 582.
the author in Greek and Latin, and he wrote it
because the physicians were not agreed in their
opinions about sleeping and waking.
In the present instance he wrote a short preface
to Wedel's book, in which he enumerates the lead-
ing names in alchemy, and gives a brief criticism.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 179
(botanical writings).
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 84
(surgical disputations).
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1776, i.
PP- 58, 77-
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 663.
STEPHANI (JOHANN EMANUEL).
Henckelius in Mineralogia Redivivus das ist Hencklischer aufrichtig und
griindlicher Unterricht von der Mineralogie oder Wissenschaft von Wassern,
Erdsaften, Salzen Erden, Steinen und Erzen nebst angefiigtem Unterrichte
von der Chymia Metallurgica wie selbigen der wohlselige Herr Bergrath,
Johann Friedrich Henckel, sowohl seinen in der Mineralogie und Chymie
gehabten Scholaren discursive ertheilet, als auch der Nachwelt zum Dienst
in Manuscripto hinterlassen zum unsterblichen Andenken ediret, aufs neue
iibersehen, und mit einigen nach denen vorgefundenen Bergarten gemachten
408 STEPHANI—STERNHALS
STEPHANI (JOHANN EMANUEL). Continued.
Anmerkungen bin und wieder vermehret von einem dem Hencklischen
Hause ergebensten In Erubrigten Stunden Drefsden, bey Johann
Nicolaus Gerlach, 1759.
8°. Pp. [16, frontispiece included] 344.
[Another Copy.]
Wants the frontispiece.
Another edition quoted is of Dresden, 1747. The is dated: Freyberg, 30 June, 1746, and his initials
author's name is at the end of the dedication, which are those of the words : In Erubrigten Stunden.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. p. 67. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1373.
STERNANKER (TIMOTHEUS).
Versuch iiber den Zweck und Nichtzweck des Steins der Weisen. Ein
Sendschreiben an alle wahre Adepten, von Timotheus Sternanker.
Amsterdam, 1782.
8°. Pp. 28.
This missive does not deal with experimental alchemy, but treats of the significance of the ' stone '
from a moral and religious stand-point.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 595. Ladrague, Bi bliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 1421.
STERNBERG (JOHANN VON).
Gloria Mundi.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 95.
See GLORIA MUNDI.
STERNENBERG.
See STEINBERGEN (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH VON).
STERNHALS QOHANN).
See also SENTENTIA.
See also URTHEIL.
Ritter Krieg, das ist ein Philosophisch gedicht, in Form eines Gerichtlichen
Procefs, Wie zwey Metallen, nemlich, SOL vnd MARS durch Klag, Antwort,
vnd Beweifs, jegliches Natur vnd Eygenschafft von jrem natiirlichen Gott
vnd Richter Mercurio gehoret, vnd entlich durch ein wolgegriindtes Vrtel,
mit ewigwerender Freundtschafft einig zusamen verbunden werden. Lenger
den vor 100. Jaren durch einen denckwirdigen Herrn, Joanne Sternhals
damals Catholischen Priester des bischofflichen Stiffts Bamberg, als einen
waren Chymic. vn Philos. Laut seiner eigenen Vorrede, gestellet Durch,
Johan. Schaubert, der K. Reichsstadt Northausen verordenten Organisten,
Ano 1595.
8°. Sigs. A-G in eights, H4 ; or pp. [120]. Title red and black. 8 woodcuts.
Vignette (repeated Bv verso) of the dispute between Iron and Gold. Hiiij verso.
Colophon : Gedruckt zu Erffordt, durch Martin : Wittel, im Jahr 1595. ^Enigmata de
Tinctura on sig. Giiij recto.
STERNHALS— STILLER 409
STERNHALS QOHANN). Continued.
Ritter-Krieg das ist : Ein Philosophisch-Geschicht, in Form eines gerichtlichen
Processes, wie zwey Metallen, nemblich Sol und Mars, durch Klag, Antwort
und Beweifs, jegliches Natur un Eigenschaft von ihrem natiirlichen Gott und
Richter £rio gehoret, und endlich durch ein wol-gegriindetes Urtheil, mit
ewigwahrender Freundschafft einig zusammen verbunden warden. Langer
denn vor 200. Jahren durch den Ehr-Wiirdigen Herrn Johann Sternhals,
damahls Catholischen Priester des Bischofflichen Stiffts Bamberg, als einem
wahren Chymico und Philosopho laut seiner eigenen Vorrede gestellet.
Jtzo wieder auffs neu ubersehen und zum Druck heraufsgegeben. Ham-
burg, In Verlegung Georg Wolff, Buchhandl. in S. Johanes-Kirchen 1680.
8°. Pp. [12, 2 blank] 96. Frontispiece and 6 woodcuts. ^Enigmata de Tinctura,
P- 75-
According to the author's own account he was a But it is more in title and form than in content
Catholic priest at Bamberg, and, after thirty years' that there is an analogy between Sternhals' work
practice in alchemy, composed this tract in 1488. and the ' Uralter Ritterkrieg,1 which Kopp regards
Roethe, however, points out that the contents and as the original of Sternhals'. This, however, can
language are more like 1588, and that the rhymed hardly be the case, since Sternhals' book was
and other additions in the 1680 edition did certainly printed in 1595, as above, and even then professes
not emanate from a Catholic priest of the sixteenth to be a reprint of a work composed a hundred years
century, whatever the book itself may have done. earlier, whereas the ' Uralter Ritterkrieg,' so far as
It must not be confounded with the anonymous I know, was not published till 1604.
Ural/er Ritter Krieg (q.v.), which has nothing in Appended to Sendivogius' Novum Lumen
common with it. Chemicum, 1624, in the ' Epilogus ' of Orthelius,
The edition of 1595, which appears to be the first, p. 227, there is a description of certain pictures
is rare. A copy is mentioned by Ladrague, but the which apparently were meant to illustrate Sternhals'
edition was unknown to Fictuld and to the author book. A Latin translation is contained in the
of the Beytrag, and the book is either unknown to Theatrum Chemicum, 1661, vi. p. 519. See
the later writers— Roethe had not seen a copy — or "URTHEIL oder Vergleichung " and 'SENTENTIA,'
confused with the other. The similarity of titles is respectively,
troublesome, especially as the two books were
issued together in 1680.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1735, Th. ii. p. 122. Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 26.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
p. 831. Secretes, 1870, No. 997.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 330.
p. 632. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1893, xxxvi.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie p. 122 (by Roethe).
der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. p. 132.
STILLER (JOHANN MARTIN).
Joh. Martin Stillers. Cons. Chymischer Natur-Spiegel von denen Drey Reichen
der Welt bey dieser andern Edition mit den Zweyten Theile vermehret.
In verlegung Nicolai Forsters, Buchhandl. in Hannover. Anno 1685.
8°. Pp. [12] 62 [2 blank]. 2 title-pages.
Ander Theil.
8°. [14] 66. The second part has a separate title.
The special titles of the two parts are as follows :
Chymischer Natur-Spiegel, Erster Theil. Darinnen zu schauen die drey Reiche
der Welt, als Vegetabile, Animale, & Minerale, von welchem jeden eine besondere
Artzney zuzurichten gelehret wird. Auch de Prima Materia eines jeden Dinges ;
absonderlich aber, von dem Ersten-Wesen der Metallen, Quecksilber genant ; davon
zu unterscheiden der Mercurius Philosophorum, und Merc. Vulgi ; von dem Edlen
Vitriol, und seiner Tugend ; von dem dreyfachen Wunder-Saltze, Nitrum genant.
Allen Kunstliebenden Nachforschern treulich an Tag gegeben, und mit vielen Experi-
mentis in Druck verfertiget, durch Joan. Martin. Stillern, Cons. Anno M.DC.LXXXV.
410 STILLER— STOLCIUS
STILLER QOHANN MARTIN). Continued.
Chymischen Natur-Spiegels Ander Theil. Ars Transmutatoria Das ist : Ein
Species in das andere zu verwandeln, welches durch die edle Alchymia geschicht,
dadurch das hochst-verlangende Universal der gantzen Welt fur Augen gestellet, und
klarlich mit Beweifsthums-Griinden, ohue Metaphora gezeiget wird. Beynebenst
gegriindeten Ursachen vor der Sophisten und dergleichen Anhang zu bitten. Auch
Bericht derer wahrhafftigen Historien der Transmutation Metallorum, welche von
vielen vornehmen Adeptis, und wahrhafftigen Leuten gesehen worden. Auff Begehren
suchenden Liebhabern der Natur in Druck verfertiget durch Johann: Martin: Stiller,
Cons. Hannover in verlegung Nicolai Forsters Gedrucket bey Wolffgang Schwen-
dimann, 1685.
The following authorities mention Stiller's name part of his book to Karl, Landgrave of Hesse,
and his book, but vouchsafe little information about Prince of Hersfeld and Count of Catzenelnbogen,
either, except Fictuld, who criticises certain of the and to Gustav, Count of Sayn, Hoenstein, and
author's views, but thanks him for the defence of Wittgenstein, from which last place he dates it,
the transmutation of metals in the second part. 5 Martii, 1685. The author of Keren Happuch
Kopp calls him of Annaberg, 1683; he styles designates him 'ein verlauffener Apothecker-Junge.'
himself ' Consiliarius, ' and dedicates the second
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Fictuld, Probier-Stein , 1753, Th. ii. p. 137.
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 122. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xl. col. 93. Secretes, 1870, No. 1185 (only the second part,
Jocher, Allgemeines GeffArf en-Lexicon, 1751, iv. ' ars transmutatoria ').
col. 843. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 354.
STOCK (WILHELM RICHARD).
See ETNER (JOHANN CHRISTOPH), Manes Poterianae.
STOLCIUS (DANIEL) de Stolcenberg.
Hortulus Hermeticus Flosculis Philosophorum Cupro Incisis Conformatus, &
breuissimis versiculis explicatus quo Chymiatriae Studios! pro Philotheca uti,
fessique Laboratoriorum ministri recreari possint. Authore M. Daniele
Stolcio de Stolcenberg Bohemo, Med: Cand: Poeta Lau: Cor:
Adversis Clarius Ardet.
Francofurti, Impensis Lucae Jennisii. An. M.DC.XXVII.
8°. Pp. 165 [3 blank]. The first eight pages are printed as usual, then on page 9,
and every fourth page thereafter, there is a steel engraving containing four small
emblematic pictures with a motto and an alchemist's name. Below the engraving are
printed the mottoes. Pp. 10-11, 14-15, 18-19, and so on to the end, are blank. Pp. 8, 12,
and every fourth page thereafter, have two couplets on each of the symbols on the follow-
ing page.
Hortulus Hermeticus.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chcmica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 895.
Nothing seems to be known about this author Augen vnnd Gemiit dardurch zuerlustigen, sondern
except what the title-page tells us, that he was zugleich ein scharffes nachdencken der Natur, bey
from Bohemia, a ' candidatus medicinae ' and a alien Filijs Doctrinae, zuerwecken. Franckfurt
laureated poet. If he were so, his poems must am Mayn bey Luca Jennis zu finden. Anno
have had some merit, but his existence never- M. DC. XXV. 4°, pp. 24 [2], 4 large folding plates,
theless has been overlooked by such literary The ten plates, each containing sixteen emblems
historians as Jordens, Grasse, and Goedeke. belonging to the most famous chemists from
The present work in German was appended to Hermes to Mylius, begin on p. 7 and fall on
the 'Dyas Chymica Tripartita,' printed by Lucas every odd page following.
Jennis in 1625, 4°. In his preface Jennis seems to claim the author-
It has a distinct title-page and pagination : ship of the collection, and says that it was
Hermetico-Spagyrisches Lustgartlein : Darinnen previously used in the ' Opus Medico-Chymicum ' of
Hundert vnd Sechtzig vnterschiedliche, schone, Johannes Daniel Mylius (q.v.), but without mention-
Kunstreiche, Chymico-Sophische Emblemata, oder ing in which of the three divisions of that work,
Geheymnufs-reiche Spriiche der wahren Her- published in 1618, it occurs. It is in the third :
metischen Philosophen. Sampt beygefiigten, noch 'Tractatus III. seu Basilica Philosophica continens
vier grossen, schb'nen vnnd tieffsinnigen Theo- lib. III.' The emblems are printed in four rows of
sophischen Figuren. Nicht allein sehr dienstlich, four each, and occupy ten leaves. In my copy
S TO LCI US— S TORCH
411
STOLCIUS (DANIEL). Continued.
they are inserted at the end of the Prasfatio. In
the British Museum copy they are placed at the
end of the volume, after the third book.
To Stolcius also is ascribed another work :
Viridarium Chymicum figuris cupro incisis
adornatum & Poeticis Picturis illustratum authore
DanieleStolcio.Francofurti, Jennisius, 1624, oblong
8°.
The difficulty connected with this ascription is
that a similar book bears the name of Michael
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 214.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
HermMque, 1742, iii. pp. 76, 200.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xl. col. 371 (a
mere mention).
Dictionnaire Bibliographique, 1790, iii. p. 58
Maier (q.v.) : Viridarium Chymicum, Das ist :
Chymisches Lust-Gartlein . . . , M DC LXXXVIII.
Oblong 8°, pp. 112. The illustrations begin on
p. 9 and fall on the odd pages to the end ;
the accompanying verses are on the even pages
opposite. They start with the Twelve Keys of
Basilius Valentinus ; then come the emblems from
the Aurea Mensa, twenty-eight from the Atalanta
fugiens, and eight modified from the Rosarium.
(indicates that the 'Hortulus' was then considered
' tres-rare ').
Ginelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 521.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1103.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886. ii. p. 374.
STOLL (JOHANN GOTTLIEB).
Etwas zur richtigen Beurtheilung der Theosophie, Cabbala, Magie, und anderer
geheimer ubernatiirlicher Wissenschaften. Herausgegeben von Johann Gott-
lieb Stoll. Nebst einem Kupfer. Leipzig 1786.
8°. Pp. [2] 174. Engraved plate. Not about alchemy.
STOLL (WOLFFGANG GEORC).
See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita, 1714.
The person who, according to Zedler, was the
translator of this book, was probably identical with
a distinguished mechanician and artist at Leipzig
who flourished at the end of the seventeenth and
beginning of the eighteenth century. ' He was
famous for the medicines which he discovered and
which were used far and near. He invented a
glaze with which he could decorate churches and
halls, so that the walls shone like a ruby, sapphire,
or emerald. He gave a proof of this at Berlin
in 1709. At the court he showed the king all
his secrets and covered some thousands of roofing
stones with his glaze for the bell tower. Among his
inventions was a new kind of music made from
pieces of charcoal along with musical bells and
cymbals. The king of Sweden saw these and
other devices in 1707, when he was in the camp at
Altranstadt in the vicinity of Leipzig, and not only
displayed great interest in his contrivances, but
conferred on him many marks of favour, and
Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Thealrum Chemicum,
1730, ii. p. 90-91.
allowed him, along with his sons, to take his
food with him at the "general table." In 1708
and 1709 the kings of Poland and Denmark were
also eyewitnesses of his arcana, and bestowed on
him gold medals.'
Roth-Scholtz praises Stall's Preface to this trans-
lation, and says that it is worth all the money,
though the rest of the book were valueless. He
also adds that he ' had the honour to know him at
Leipzig in 1704,' and, writing these remarks 26
Augt., 1723, wonders if he were still alive. The
book was published again at Leipzig in 1723, 4°,
with the title: 'Medicina Metallorum,' a change
which he is at a loss to understand. But, besides,
Stall's dedication was omitted and other pre-
liminary matter a? well, and this is the cause of
more regret to Roth-Scholtz. In all his remarks,
however, Roth-Scholtz does not make any allusion
which would justify the supposition of the identity
of the author with the inventor.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xl. col. 379.
Taschenbuch fiir Alchemislen, 1790, p. 137.
STORCH (JOHANN).
Praxis Stahliana, das ist Herrn Georg Ernst Stahls, Konigl. Preufsischen Hof-
Rath und Leib-Medici, Collegium Practicum, welches theils von Ihm privatim
in die Feder dictirt, theils von seinen damahligen Auditoribus aus dem
Discurs mrt besonderem Fleifs nachgeschrieben, Nunmehro aber aus dem
Lateinischen ins Deutsche iibersetzt, mit vielen Anmerckungen und Raisonne-
mens aus 29. jahriger Praxi bekrafftiget und erlautert, auch nach der Vorschrifft
412
STORCH— STRA USSIUS
STORCH QOHANN). Continued.
des Herrn Autoris bey dieser zweyten Auflage urn viel vermehrt und verbessert
zum Druck befordert worden von D. Johann Storchen, alias Hulderico Pelargo.
Fiirstl. Sachs. Eisenachischen Hof-Medico und Stadt-Physico. Leipzig,
Verlegts Caspar Jacob Eyssel, 1732.
4°. Pp. [12] 1440. Index [44]. Title red and black. Woodcut of a death's
head moth. Music against the Tarantula.
This physician also called himself, as here,
Huldericus Pelargus. His birthplace was Ruhla,
near Eisenach, where he came into the world
2 Feb., 1681. From 1698 he studied at Jena and
at Erfurt, where he obtained the doctorate with a
dissertation, ' De paucitate et delectu medica-
mentorum. '
He practised at Ohrdruf and Weimar, and in
1708 removed to Eisenach. Some years later, in
1720, he was appointed to the post of inspector of
apothecaries, town and garrison physician, and
court and private physician of the Duke of Saxe-
Eisenach and of Prince Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt.
In 1735 he declined an invitation to become
physician to the Russian court, which procured for
him the title of Rath. As a member of the
Academia Naturas Curiosorum he was received
4 January, 1739, with the name Erotianus II. In
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xl. col. 435.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, ii. pp. 652, 790, 938.
Jacob Storch, D. Johann Storchs, alias Pelargi,
. . . Leitung und Vorsorge des Hochsten Gottes, das
ist : Dessen Lebens-Lauf, Schicksale, fatale Kranck-
heit und seeliger Abschied, nebst dem Sections-
Schein ; Theils aus dessen Autographs aufgezeichnet ',
theils auch mit nothigen Anmerckungen erkldret,
und auf Begehren zum Druck befordert, Eisenach,
verlegt von Michael Gottlieb Griesbach, 1752, 4°,
pp. 48. (This is mainly autobiographical, with
notes by the editor).
Biichner, Academiae . , . Leopoldino-Carolinae
Naturae Curiosorum Historia, 1755, p. 506, No. 485.
Portal, Histoire de t 'Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, v. p. in.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 91
(not a very favourable notice).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 390.
Bougine', Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar-
geschichte, 1791, iv. p. 752.
1742 he was at Gotha, where he served as Rath
and physician of the Duke as well as physician of
the garrison, town and district. He remained at
Gotha till his death, which happened 9 January,
1751. He was also imperial Pfalzgraf.
Storch's writings are confined to medicine, in
which he was a warm adherent of Stahl. The
present work refers not to Stahl's chemistry, but to
his medical views. The first edition appeared in
1727 or 1728. Both dates are given, so that it is
possible there was an issue in both years. He
wrote also on obstetrics, and one of his most
notable works is one on the diseases of children,
Eisenach, 1750-51, 4 vols. A treatise entitled : His-
torische und practische Observationes vom Lieben-
steiner Sauerbrunnen, 1727, is quoted by Gmelin.
He was greatly esteemed as a practical physician.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 766.
Biographic Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 272.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v.
p. 546.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mdde-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 225.
Dictionnaire Encyclopgdique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme SeYie, 1883, xii. p. 218.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p.
553-
B. Schuchardt, ' Lebensbeschreibungen beriihm-
ter Aerzte und Naturforscher, welche aus Thiiringen
stammen. VII. Johann Storch al. Pelargus, ' Cor-
respondentz-Blatt des allgemeinen drztlichen
Vereins von Thiiringen, Weimar, 1888, xvii. pp.
264-274.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 793.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1893, xxxvi. p.
439 (article by Pagel).
distance, and thus enabled persons to communicate
with each other. Strada's book was licensed to be
printed in 1617 ; can the idea here have been bor-
rowed from him ?
STRANGE (A) letter concerning an Adept.
See FREDERICK, Duke of Holsatia and Sleswick.
Anterior to the suggestion of a telegraph in this
tract, was that by Famianus Strada who describes
an arrangement of an alphabet with a magnetic
needle, which when moved to any letter caused
corresponding motions in a similar instrument at a
Strada, Eloquentia Biparlita, Amstelaedami, 1658, p. 326 (' Prolusiones Academicae, lib. ii. Prol. vi.).
STRAUSSIUS (LAURENTIUS).
See GLISSENTI (FABIO), 1671.
Epistola ad Dygbaeum (de Pulvere Sympathetico).
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, l66o, p. 193.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1 66 1, p. 131.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 127
STRA USSIUS—STRUVE
413
STRAUSSIUS (LAURENTIUS). Continued.
Lorenz Strauss was born at Ulm, 9 Feb., 1633.
His father, also called Lorenz, who was a mer-
chant, gave him an excellent school-training at
Ulm, and then sent him in 1652 to the University
of Jena, where he had Rolfinck, Moebe, and
Schenck as his teachers in philosophy and medicine.
Specially interested in the latter he proceeded to
Montpellier in 1656, spent some time there, and, it
is said, at Strasburg, and returned home by Geneva
and Basel. In 1658 he repaired to Heidelberg,
and, after acquiring the licentiateship, to Darmstadt,
where he received a court appointment as physician
of the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt by the
influence of his friend and father-in-law, Johann
Daniel Horst.
In 1662 the professorship of medicine and physics
at Giessen was conferred upon him, and shortly
afterwards the degree of doctor from the medical
Mercklin, Lindenius rcnovatus, 1686, p. 737.
Witte, Diarii biographici Tomus Secundus,
1691 ; Ann. 1687, Apnl 6 ; p. 142.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 324.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrien-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 815.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, i. pp. 371, 391, 525 ; ii. pp. 596, 626, 738,
898, 1042.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 877.
Portal, Histoirt de I' Anatomic etde la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 671.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 520.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 499.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 352
(powder of sympathy).
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
p. 568 (§ DXXXIX.) ; 1779, iii. p. 258.
faculty of Heidelberg. He was particularly dis-
tinguished by his anatomical lectures.
He was the author of a number of medical
disputations and theses, and books on anatomy
and practical medicine, edited works by Gregorius
Horst, senr. (Jocher says jr. ), and Schenckius von
Grafenberg, and translated the 1660 edition of the
THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM. The only work on
chemistry which he published was the translation
from the Italian of Glissenti's book : Fabii Glissenti
Tractatus de lapide philosophorum, Giessae, 1671,
8°.
He engaged in a vehement controversy with Job.
Jac. Waldschmidt on the aetiology of Catalepsis.
Some of his writings are in verse.
In 1687 while travelling during the Frankfurt
' Ostermesse ' to visit friends, as he had often done
before, he was seized with a catarrhal fever, which
carried him off on the 6 April of that year.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iv. p. 328.
Albr. Weyermann, Nachrichten von Gelehrien
Ktinstlern und andern merkwiirdigen Personen aus
Ulm, Ulm, 1798, i. p. 493.
Fried. Wilh. Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hes-
sischen Gelehrten- und Schriftsteller-Geschichle . . .
Herausgegeben von D. Ltidwig Wackier, Marburg,
1812, xvi. pp. 53.57.
Biographie Mfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 275.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mfdicale, 1855, ii.
p. 165.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme SeYie, 1883, xii. p. 352.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 560.
Billings, Index-Catalogue ,1892, xiii. p. 815.
STREIT und Gesprach des Goldes und Mercurij wider den Stein der Weisen.
^f See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614,
Th. iii., p. 217.
See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 765.
See also URALTER RITTER-KRIEG.
The above tract is the Uralter Ritter-Krieg, with verbal differences.
STRUMPF (CHRISTOPH CARL).
See SCHULZ (JOHANN HEINRICH), 1745.
STRUVE (HEINRICH).
Bibliotheque de Chymie du Nord, ou Recueil peViodique de ce qu'il y a
d'essentiel, d'interessant & de plus nouveau, sur-tout en fait d'observations &
de de'couvertes en Chymie, dans les collections acade'miques & dans les
autres ouvrages des Savans du Nord, avec les extraits & la notice des livres
modernes qui traitent de cette science. Par M. H. Struve, fils, Professeur
en Chymie, & membre de plusieurs Socie*tes de Savans. A Lausanne, Chez
Francois Grasset & Comp. M.DCC.LXXXIV.
8°. Pp. viii, 348.
414
STRUVE—SUARDUS
STRUVE (HEINRICH). Continued.
Heinrich Struve, son of Otto Fr. Struve, M.D.,
who removed from Regensburg to Lausanne, was
born at the latter place in 1751, studied there and
in Tubingen, and was a friend of Tissot and von
Haller, who encouraged him in his natural history
pursuits.
In 1799 he was appointed professor of physics
and chemistry in the Academy of Lausanne, and
Christian Daniel Beck, Allgemeines Repertorium
der neuesten in- und auslandiscken Literatur fur
1827, Leipzig, 1827, iii. p. 77 (reference to the
obituary of him in the ' Zeitschrift fur die eleg.
Welt,' 141, p. 1127).
STUDIOSUS.
See SOPHLE LABORIS STUDIOSUS.
subsequently overseer of the mines in the Canton
Vaud, after the death of F. S. Wild.
He wrote many works and papers on minerals,
chemistry, geology, mining, chemical analysis, etc.
To the translation of Macquer's Dictionary,
Lausanne, 1789, 8", he added a supplement or
fifth volume.
He died at Lausanne, 29 Nov., 1826.
Biographic Universelle, Supplement, 1853,
Ixxxiii. p. 66 (puts his birth in 1740) ; no date, xl.
P- 341-
Poggendorff, Biographisch-titerarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1033.
STUDIUM Consilii Conjugii de Massa Solis et Lunae.
See ARS CHEMICA, 1566, p. 48.
See CONSILIUM CONJUGII.
In the note to ' Consilium Conjugii ' it was stated
that this tract first appeared in 1567. It was, how-
ever, printed in the 1566 edition of the ' Ars
Chemica' as above. Schmieder seems to have
known only the 1567 edition of that collection, pro-
bably a new-dated re-issue, which he believed to be
the first, as there might be nothing to indicate the
contrary.
The word Massa or Matza here is Hebrew and
denotes unleavened bread. Berthelot states that it
was used by Greek alchemists to denote a ' metallic
ferment,' though it is somewhat difficult to re-
Rulandus, Lexicon Alchimia, 1612, pp. 271, 272.
Kalid, 'Liber Trium Verborum,' Introduction;
Theatrum Chemicum, 1660, v. p. 186.
Berthelot, Collection des Anciens Alchimistes
Grecs, Paris, 1888, Traduction, p. 180.
concile that with its original signification. It
was afterwards used as synonymous with xi/u/a,
or alchemy in general, and in that sense is ex-
plained by Rulandus : Kuria vel Kymia, id est,
massa, heist dieselb Kunst, alchimia, alkymia ; and
again : Kymus, id est, massa. Berthelot quotes some
passages illustrative of this use. He compares it
with the fjLa^a or Chemistry of Moses, mentioned
by Zosimus.
The present tract is of Arabic or Jewish origin
and, according to Berthelot, later than the ' Turba '
but of the same tradition.
Berthelot, Introduction a I'^tude de la Chimie
des Anciens et du Moyen Age, 1889, pp. 29, 57,
209, 210, 257, 304.
STUART DE CHEVALIER (SABINE).
Discours philosophique sur les trois Principes Animal, Vegetal et Mineral, ou la
Clef du sanctuaire philosophique. Par Sabine Stuart de Chevalier. Cette
Clef introduit celui qui la possede dans le sanctuaire de la Nature ; elle en
de"couvre les mysteres ; elle sert en meme terns a devoiler les Ecrits du celebre
Basile Valentin, & a le defroquer de 1'Ordre respectable des Bene"dictins, en
donnant la veritable explication des douze Clefs de ce Philosophic ingenieux.
Tome Premier. A Paris, chez Quillau, Libraire, rue Christine, au Magasin
Litteraire, par Abonnement. M.DCC.LXXXI. Avec Approbation & Privilege
du Roi.
12°. Pp. xxiv, iv, 207 [4, i blank]. Plate.
Tome second.
Pp. [4] iv, 227 [i blank]. Plate.
SUARDUS (PAULUS).
Thesaurus Aromatariorum.
See MANLIUS DE BOSCHO (JOANNES JACOBUS), Luminare Majus, 1566.
According to Justus' calculation Suardus flourished after Justus, calls him ' aromatarius doctissimus,'
in 1526 and was 'aromatarius doctissimus.' He is and Picinelli concludes therefore that his merits
called a native of Bergamo, who was trained as a must have been great, while Calvi says he was
druggist, and settled in Milan. Van der Linden, without a rival in his art.
SUARDUS—SUCHTEN 415
SUARDUS (PAULUS). Continued.
The editions of his book which are quoted are : vallis Transcherii ' ; it was printed at Bergamo,
Venet. apud Octavianum Scotum, 1517 ; apud 1582, 4°. According to Banga, his Thesaurus was
Hieronymum Scotum, 1556 ; Lugduni, 1636, 4°. still the text-book towards the end of the sixteenth
A treatise, left by him, is entitled ' De balneis century in Germany. ,
Wolfgangus Justus (Jobst), Chronologia sive Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
Temporum supputatio omnium illustrium Medi- p. 820.
corum, Francophorti ad Viadrum, 1556, p. 145. Stolle, Kurtze Nachricht von den Biichern und
Paschalis Gallus, Bibliotheca Medica, Basil., deren Urhebern in der Sto llischen Bibliothec . 1741,
1590, p. 249 ('Thesaurus Aromatariorum sive Th. xiii. p. 408 (in a notice of the ' Luminare
Antidotarium,' Lugdun. , 1528, along with Manlius' Majus,' pp. 403-408).
' Lumen '). Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xl. col. 1505.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
I637, P- 385- co1- 92i-
Donato Calvi, Scena litteraria de gli Scrittori Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1776, i.
Bergamaschi, Bergamo, 1664, Parte prima, p. 456. p. 476 ('Thesaurus Aromatariorum ').
Filippo Picinelli, Ateneo de i Letterati Milanesi, Jelle Banga, Geschiedenis van de Geneeskunde en
Milano, 1670, p. 455. van hare Beoefenaren in Nederland, Leeuwarden,
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 873. 1868, i. p. 343.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 849 (Lug-
1731, II. ii. p. 332. duni, 1525, edition).
Stolle, Anleitungzur Historie der Medicinischen Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 770. 337, note 5, 407.
SUCCOW (GEORG ADOLPH).
See SUCKOW (GEORG ADOLPH).
SUCKER des Philosophischen Steins.
See GROSSE (Die) Arglistigkeit derer sich der Satan bedienet bey der wahren
Alchymie, 1731.
SUCHTEN (ALEXANDER VON).
Antimonii Mysteria Gemina. Alexandri von Suchten. Das ist : Von den grossen
Geheimnussen defs Antimonij, in zweene Tractat abgeteilet. Derer einer die
Artzeneyen zu anfallenden menschlichen Kranckheiten offenbahret, der Ander
aber, wie die Metallen erhohet vnd in verbesserung vbersetzet werden. Mit
mancherley kiinstlichen vnd Philosophischen beyderseits derselbigen bereit-
ungen, exempelweise illustrirt, vnd zu vindicirung seines Lobs vnd ruhms
publiciret worden. Durch Johann Tholden, Hessum. 1604. Leipzig, In
vorlegung Jacob Apels, Buchhan.
8°. Pp. 530 [14]. Wants the last leaf of the Index. Title red and black. Blank
leaf not numbered between 392 and 393. Vignette, with the motto : Fides Dei Victrix.
Gen: xxxu. The second tractate : De Antimonio vulgari, has a separate title, p. 393.
Alexandri von Suchten Mysteria Gemina Antimonii, das ist : Von den grossen
Geheimnussen des Antimonii, in Zwey Tractat abgetheilt : Deren Einer, die
Artzneyen zu anfallenden Menschlichen Kranckheiten. offenbaret, Der Ander
aber, wie die Metallen erhohet, und in Verbesserung iibersetzet werden. Mit
mancherley kiinstlichen und Philosophischen beyderseits derselbigen Bereit-
ungen, Exempelweise illustrirt, und zu Vindicirung seines Lobs und Ruhms
publicirt worden durch Johann Tholden, Hessum. Anjetzo auffs neue iiber-
sehen, mit einem vollstandigen Register vermehret. Mit Rom. Kaiserl.
Majest. und Chur-Furstl. Sachsischem Privilegio. Niirnberg, In Verlegung
Paul Fiirstens Kunst- und Buchhandlers Seel. Wittib. und Erben.
8°. Pp. [8, frontispiece included] 380. Register [27] [i blank]. Plate of apparatus
for calcining antimony. The book is not dated.
416 SUCHTEN
SUCHTEN (ALEXANDER VON). Continued.
Alexandri von Suchten, eines wahren Philosophi und der Artzneyen Doctoris
Chymische Schrifften Alle, so viel deren vorhanden, zum ersten mahl
zusammen gedruckt, mit sonderbahrem Fleifs von vielen Druckfehlern gesau-
bert, vermehret, und in zwey Theile, als die Teutschen und Lateinischen
verfasset. Franckfurt am Mayn, In Verlegung Georg Wolffs, Buchh. in
Hamburg, Druckts Johann Gorlin. Anno M DC LXXX.
8°. Pp. [16] 486 [9] [i blank]. Engraved symbolic frontispiece included in the
pagination. 4 woodcuts and a symbolical vignette.
The writings contained in this collected edition Dialogus, p. 305.
are the following : De Tribus Facultatibus, p. 357.
Concordantia chymica, p. i. Explicatio tinctune Physicorum Theophrasti
Colloquia chymica, p. 161. Paracelsi, p. 383.
Vom Antimonio oder Spiefsglafs, p. 229. De Vera Medicina, p. 458.
De Antimonio Vulgari, p. 267. Elegia, p. 487.
Acutissimi Philosophi & Medici Alexandri a Suchten Tractatus de Vera
Medicina editus cura loachimi Morsii, Hamburgi, Impensis Henrici
Carstens, Anno 1621.
8°. Pp. [47, i blank].
Dialogus.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. 49.
Explicatio Tincturae Physicorum Theophrasti Paracelsi.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. 143.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 195.
Quaestiunculae de Antimonio.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Rosarium Novum Olympicum, Pars Prima, 1608,
p. 56.
De tribus Facultatibus.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. 112.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 214.
De vera Medicina.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. 17.
Concordantia Chymica; Viel schoner Vergleichungen und Ubereynstimmungen
etlicher alien vnnd newen Philosophischen Schrifften.
See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 63.
Suchten flourished in the latter half of the six- printed in the Poemata of Dr. Georgius Sabinus,
teenth century, 1546 to 1560, lived at Dantzig, and p. 391. His poetical talent has not, however, im-
was a poet and chemist. Besides his writings on pressed itself on the historians,
antimony, he was the author also of a ' Dialogus The work on antimony went through a good
de hydrope' and ' Clavis Alchymiae,' printed in many editions. The following may be quoted :
some of the editions of the treatise on antimony, De Secretis Antimonii. Das ist, von der grossen
and wrote a poem on the death of Petrus Bembus, heymligkeit des Antimonij, zu Teutschem Spiesglas
S UCHTEN—S UCKO W
4*7
SUCHTEN (ALEXANDER VON). Continued.
genannt, die Artzney betreffend. Durch den Edlen,
vnnd Hochgelehrteri Herrn Alexander von Suchten,
der wareu Philosophy vnd Artzney Doctorn . . .
Gedruckt zu Miimpelgart, durch Jacob Foillet
1598. Small 8°, pp. 72.
Defs Edlen vnd Hochgelarten Alexandri von
Suchten, der wahren Philosophey vnnd Artzney
Doctoris ; Zween Tractat, Vom Antimonio. Der
Erste, von der grossen Heimligkeit defs Anti-
monii, . . . Der Ander, Clavis Alchemias, De
Secretis Antimonii : . . . Sampt einem Fragmento
Dialogi De Hydrope, eiusdem Autoris. Erstmals
an tag gegeben. Gedruckt zu Miimpelgardt,
durch Jacob Foillet, Im Jahr 1604. 8°, pp. [13,
3 blank] 140 [4 blank].
It was also translated into English by Dr. Cable,
and published with the following title-page :
Alex. Van Suchten Of the Secrets of Antimony :
in Two Treatises. Translated out of High-Dutch
by D. C. a Person of great Skill in Chymistry.
To which is added B. Valentine's Salt of Anti-
mony, with its Use. London, Printed, and are to
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 15.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 215.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 27.
Con ring, In Universam Arttm Medic am . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 380 (Intr. xi. 17).
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, pp. 98, 117.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medico rum,
1731, II. ii. p. 332.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca; metallicce,
1732, p. 139.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermttique, 1742, i. p. 473 ; iii. p. 304,
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lex icon, 1751, iv.
col. 925.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 138.
be sold by Moses Pitt at the White Hart in Little
Britain, 1670. 16°. Pp. [8] 122 [2 book advertise-
ments, 4 blank].
There is a title-page to the second treatise,
P- 59:
Alfx. (sic) Van Suchten of Antimony Vulgar.
The Second Treatise. London, Printed [&c., as
above] 1670.
Basil Valentine's ' Addition out of the Hali-
graphia' begins on p. 115.
De Secretis antimonii, liber unus, ... in latinum
translatus sermonem per Georgium Forbergium,
Basil., 1575, 8°, pp. 112.
Editions in German by Tholde, published at
Gera, 1613, 8° ; Niirnberg, 1675, 8°, are mentioned,
and the author of the Beytrag suggests that the
translator of Basilius Valentinus' ' Triumphant
Chariot of Antimony' may possibly have com-
piled from this work.
Murr calls Alexander Seton or Sethonius,
Suchtens, but he does not seem to have had any
intention of confusing or identifying the two.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 89.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 491, 578, 587.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 296.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 77, too.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alcfiemie, 1832, pp.
268, 279.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 130 ;
1869, ii. p. 125.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 934-937.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 363.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 854.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p.
480, note 3.
SUCKOW (GEORG ADOLPH).
Anfangsgriinde der okonomischen und technischen Chymie. Von D. Georg
Adolph Suckow, Pfalz-Zweibriickischem Hofrath, ordentlichem Professor der
Kurpfalzischen Staatswirthschafts-Hohenschule, bestandigem Sekretair der
Kurpfalz. phys. okon. Gesellschaft, der Kurfiirstl. Akademie der Wifsen-
schaften zu Mannheim, der Kurfiirstl. Mainzischen, der Gesellschaft Natur-
forschender Freunde zu Berlin, der okon. Gesellschaft zu Leipzig, und der
Konigl. Ackerbau-Gesellschaft zu Paris, Mitglied. Zweite vermehrte Auflage.
Leipzig, in der Weidmannschen Buchhandlung. 1789.
8°. Pp. xvi, 717, of which 663-676 are folding tables, [i]. Vignetta. Pp. 367-8
are wanting.
Both this work and the ' Zusatze' following contain short chemical bibliographies.
Zusatze zu der zweiten Auflage der Anfangsgriinde der okonomischen und
technischen Chymie von D. Georg Adolph Suckow Hofrath und ordentlichen
offentlichen Professor der Churpfalzischen Staatswirthschafts-Hohenschule.
Leipzig in der Weidmannischen Buchhandlung. 1798.
8°. Pp. [4] 202 [2 blank].
II. 3D
4i8 SUCKOW—SUTORIUS
SUCKOW (GEORG ADOLPH). Continued.
Georg Adolph Suckow, or Succow as his father on some of their technological aspects, published
wrote it, the son of Lorenz Johann Daniel Suckow, numerous papers in Crell's Annakn and Neueste
professor of mathematics and physics at the Uni- Entdeckungen and elsewhere on chemical and
versity of Jena, was born at Jena, 28 (20) January, mineralogical subjects, especially on quicksilver
1751. He was a magister philosophise and doctor and its ores, and the above treatise, of which the
of medicine, and from 1774 was ordinary professor first edition appeared at Leipzig, 1783, 8°. For
of physics, natural history and chemistry at the his doctorate, having Ernest Anton Nicolai as
Kameral-Schule at Lautern, which was afterwards Praeses, he sustained a thesis : De Analysi Chemica
known as the Staatswirthschafts-Hohenschule at Aquarum lenensium, 1772, 4°, pp. [8] xii, 52,
Heidelberg. He was also permanent secretary of with a synoptic table of the composition of the
the Physico-economical Society there, Hofrath, and waters at Jena. A short sketch of his life down to
member of the societies enumerated on the title- 1772 by himself is contained in pp. ix-xi.
page of the ' Anfangsgriinde.' He died 18 March, 1813.
He wrote works on botany and zoology and
Ernestus Godofredus Baldinger, [Pr.~\prtzmittun- 1804, VII. ii. p. 730; 1805, viii. p. 716; $te
tur observations de mortis ex metastasi laclis in Ausgabe, 1811, xv. (Supplement zur fiinften
puerperis. [Cum vita candidati Georgii Adolphi Ausgabe, viii.) p. 568.
Succowii], xii pp. 4°, Jenae, lit. Maukianis, [1772]. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
Bougin6, Handbuch der allgemeinen ' Litterar- (Chemia et Res Metallica), p. 209.
geschickte, 1791, iv. p. 760. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisch.es Hand-
lAeQse\,DasGelehrteTeutschlandoderLexikonder worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1046.
jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 5te Ausgabe, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1892, xiii. p. 853.
1798, vii. p. 734 ; Nachtrag, 4te Ausgabe, 1786, Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1894, xxxvii.
i. p. 642 ; 1787, ii. p. 382 ; 1788, iii. p. 358 ; 1791, p. 105 (by Jannicke).
iv. p. 729 ; 1795, V. ii. p. 406 ; 1804, vi. p. 863 ;
SUDUM Philosophicum.
See HAUTNORTHON (jOHANN FRIEDRICH).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic
ffermiitique, 1742, iii. p. 305. der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. p. 38.
SULTZBACH (PAUL ECK DE).
See ECK DE SULTZBACH (PAUL).
SUMMA Libri qui vocatur Gloria Mundi, seu Tabula Paradisi.
See GLORIA MUNDI, seu Tabula Paradisi.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqf, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1258.
SUMMA Perfectionis magisterii.
See GEBER.
SUMMA rhytmorum Germanicorum.
See RHYTHMI.
SUTONEUS (ALEXANDER), Scotus.
See SETON (ALEXANDER).
SUTORIUS (LEONHARDUS).
Exemplum Arithmeticum, das ist, ein Wort Rechnung vier wort begreiffendt,
so zu Ehren vnnd verhoffendem wolgefallen, dem Ehrenvosten vnnd
Kunstreichen Herrn Johann Faulhabern, Burgern, Rechenmaistern, vnd
SUTORWS—S WAL VE
4'9
SUTORIUS (LEONHARDUS). Continued.
Mathematico in Vim, so dann zu gnugsammer Antwort : Den Faulhaberischen
Zoilis vnd diffamanten, gestellet worden, durch Leonhardum Sutorium
Gunzenhusanum Francum, Teutschen Schuel: vnd Rechenmaister zu Lau-
gingen. Getruckt im Jar 1620.
Small 4°. Sig. A, or pp. [7, i blank].
This is one of the tracts connected with Faul-
haber (g.v.) and has nothing to do with alchemy or
chemistry. On .the last leaf is a note by Johann
Remmehn.
SWALVE (BERNHARDUS).
Naturse et Artis Instrumenta Pugilica, Alcali et Acidum, per Neochmum et
Palaephatum hinc inde ventilata, & praxi Medicae superstructae praemissa,
adornante Bernhardo Swalve, Med. D. & Collegii Frisiorum maritimi, Civi-
tatisque Harlinganae Ordinario. Editio Altera, correctior & indice locupletior.
Francofurti, Anno M DC LXXVII.
12°. Pp. [16, including the engraved title] 320 [24]. Printed title red and black.
Swalve, or, as he is called by Mercklin, Swalbe,
was born in Westphalia on 24 April, 1645, was
enrolled a student of medicine at Franeker, and
studied under Van der Linden, who inspired him
with love and reverence for Hippocrates. Thence
he went to Leyden to hear Joh. Walaeus
and learn Harvey's views, and devoted himself
especially to obstetrics, graduated in medicine
in 1648, settled at Harlingen in Friesland, and
became town-physician and physician of the
Admiralty College.
In 1670 he appears to have removed to Leeu-
warden, where he had notable patrons, and was
living there in 1675.
He published two or three medical works :
Disquisitio therapeutica generalis sive medendi
methodus ad recentiorum dogmata adornata et
Walaeana methodo conformata, Amst. , 1657 ;
Jenae, 1677, 12°.
Ventriculi quaerelae et opprobria, Amstel., 1664 ;
1675, I2°-
Pancreas pancrene, sive pancreatis et succi ex eo
profluentis commentum succinctum, Amst. , 1667 ;
Jenae, 1678, 12°.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 131
(calls him Swalbe).
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 78 (Schelhammer's Addit. II.
26. i), (calls him ' medicus Amstelodamensis,' and
subjects him to severe criticism).
Jo. Herm. Fiirstenau, Desiderata Medica, Lipsise,
1727, p. 139 (follower of Otto Tachenius).
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 332.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 821.
Zedler, Univeral Lexicon, 1744, xli. col. 498.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, i. pp. 356, 366, 525 ; ii. pp. 620, 711, 891.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
coL 950.
Portal, Histoirede I* Anatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, iii. p. 341.
He was chiefly distinguished by his present
work, of which are mentioned editions of Amster-
dam, 1667, 12° ; 1670, 12° ; Jena, 1675. It
contains a thorough discussion of the old doc-
trine and the new light, the chemical ideas
then becoming prevalent, and especially the
hypothesis of ' effervescentia ' and the arguments for
and against it. He opposed the views of De le Boe
Sylvius, and was one of the first to raise objections
to them, and he was a supporter of the ' Pathologia
salsa ' of Tachenius.
Swalve was the physician of that prodigy of
learning and skill, Anna Maria van Schurman, who
ultimately became a follower of Labadie, and is
said to have tried to make one of Swalve also.
He had some inclination to join the sect, but his
status and his family restrained him. Letters from
her to Swalve have been printed by Schotel.
The date of his death is not mentioned.
By some he is styled ' Embdensis,' but there is
no clear proof that he belonged to Embden or
Emden.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p.
524;
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mldecine,
1778, iv. p. 339.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1779, "'•
p. 60 (several notices).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 729 ;
1798, ii. p. 235. (In the first reference Gmelin puts
' Neochmum,' but in the second ' Neochorum.')
Biographic Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 285.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
p. 362.
Dezeimens, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mede-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 240.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p.
295-
H. van Berkum, De Labadie en den Labadisten,
te Sneek, 1851, ii. p. 215.
420
5 WAL VE—S YNESIUS
SWALVE (BERNHARDUS). Continued.
Dr. G. D. J. Schotel, Anna Maria van Schur-
man, s'Hertogenbosch, 1853, pp. 75, 261, Aanteek,
pp. 141-147.
Biographic Universelle, 1855, Supplement,
Ixxxiii. p. 108 ; no date, xl. p. 476.
J. Banga, Geschiedenis van de Geneeskunde en
van hare Beoefenaren in Nederland, te Leeu warden,
1868, pp. 335 (Swalve's opinion of Walaeus) ; 453-
461 (biographical notice).
Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der
Nederlanden, 1874, xvii. p. 1093.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 385.
Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme SeYie, 1884, xiii. p. 637.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 587.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 6.
SWEDEN.
See PHARMACOPOEA SVECICA, 1775.
SYNESIUS, Greek Abbot.
Chymische • Schrifften.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Chymische Schrifften, 1718, p. 203.
Le Livre.
See RICHEBOURG (J. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii.
p. 175-
Le Vray Livre.
See ARNAULD (P.), Trois Traictez de la Philosophic Naturelle, 1612, p. 89.
Vom Stein der Weisen.
See FLAMEL (NICOLAS), Chymische Werke, 1751, p. 89.
The Greek abbot seems to be quite unknown,
though his book is repeatedly mentioned. Assum-
ing it to be genuine it is a comparatively late
production as is apparent, not only from its
phraseology, but from its references to the Smarag-
dine Table and Geber, as well as to Alphidius,
Senior and Diomedes. The author has been con-
fused with Synesius who wrote the ' Commentary '
on Democritus, and Lambeck's statement that
the ' True Book ' is nothing more than a version
of the ' Commentary ' corrupted by misinterpreta-
tions and additions, is quoted by Kopp, who states
that he had not seen the ' True Book. ' But this is
not correct, for the two have nothing in common —
except the subject possibly — and the ' True Book '
appears to me more recent than the other. Fabri-
cius, apparently assuming the practical identity of
the two on Lambeck's authority, adds a translation
of the ' Commentary ' in English and German.
So far as I know there is none, but there is a trans-
lation of the ' True Book ' in both these languages.
The German version accompanies the works of
Sendivogius, edited by Roth-Scholtz as above.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 212.
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegjeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 55.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graca, 1724, xii. p. 769,
No. 34.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 147 (much
commended).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p.
298.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 79.
Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869,
p. 150, note 19.
The English version is appended to ' Basil Valen-
tine His Triumphant Chariot of Antimony,' 1678,
and both are the work of Richard Russell. The
tract has a separate title-page : The True Book of
the Learned Synesius a Greek Abbot, taken out
of the Emperour's Library, concerning the Philo-
sopher's Stone. [Motto and device.] London,
Printed for Dorman Newman at the Kings Arms
in the Poultry. 1678. 8vo, pp. 161-176.
As a counterpart to this assumption of Fabricius',
what, it may be asked, was the language of the
original ? There does not seem to have been any
edition before Arnauld's in 1612, and he does not
say anything about the source of his version,
whether it was the original, or whether he trans-
lated it from Latin, or, as the author's nationality
would imply, from Greek.
Berthelot, it may be observed, considers it a
work by the other Synesius, whom he regards as
the same as the bishop of Ptolemais. This may
be correct ; but at present there is no authentic
information about the origin or age of the book,
still less about the author.
Ladrague, Bibliothbque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 658-662.
Berthelot, Les Origines de I'Alchimie, 1885,
p. 191.
Ferguson, ' On the first edition of the Chemical
Writings of Democritus and Synesius,' Proceedings
of the\Royal~\ Philosophical Society of Glasgow,
1885, xvi. pp. 45, 287.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 318.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 40.
SYNE SI US
421
SYNESIUS, Greek Alchemist.
Scholia.
See DEMOCRITUS, De Rebus Sacris, 1717, p. 19.
Synesius is the name of a person who, in a
dialogue with a certain Dioskoros, priest of
Serapis at Alexandria, has professedly elucidated
the work of Democritus. The tract or commentary
is in Greek, and, next to that of Democritus, is
regarded as the oldest of the Greek alchemical
writings. It is contained in most of the manu-
scripts, though, curiously enough, the author's
name is omitted from several of the lists of
alchemical writers which exist in the manuscripts.
It was translated into Latin by Pizimenti, from a
manuscript from Corfu, and published along with
Democritus, Pelagius and Stephanus, at Padua,
1572-73. It was also printed at the end of Miz-
aldus' Memorabilium Centuriae, Coloniae, 1572,
1573, 1574. The Greek text with Pizimenti's trans-
lation was printed by Fabricius in 1717 ; the Greek
text from the St. Mark's manuscript, collated
with others, was edited by Berthelot with a French
version, and printed in 1888. It was turned into
German by Schroder and published in his ' Neue
Sammlung der Bibliothek flir die hohere Natur-
wissenschaft und Chemie,' Leipzig, 1775, pp. 431-
454. It has not been translated into English. Be-
sides Pizimenti's Latin version, there seems to be
another in a manuscript at Vienna, which is
referred to by Lambecius, but the translator and
date are unknown.
Pizimenti's translation, it has been pointed out by
Ameilhon and by Kopp, diverges considerably from
the Greek texts which are available for reference.
It would seem almost to be implied that for that
reason the translation is defective and inaccurate.
That it is so is possible ; but may it not also be the
case that the divergencies existed in the manuscript
which Pizimenti used, and that his version repre-
sents the original faithfully enough? This could
only be settled by an appeal to the manuscript
itself, but, so far as I know, it has disappeared, or,
Athanas. Kircher, Prodromus Coptus, Romae,
1636, cap. vii. p. 172 (mentions the commentary on
Democritus).
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 75, 215
(reprint in Mizaldus' ' Centuriae,' Colon., 1574).
Conringius, De Hermetica sEgypliorum vetere et
Paracehicorum nova Medicina liber units, 1648,
pp. 23, 368 ; Editio secunda, 1669, pp. 25, 34,
400.
Borrichius, Hermetis, ALgypiiorum, et Chemi-
corum Sapientia . . . vindicata, 1674, pp. 74, 77,
78, 81, 10 1, 443.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 76
(with Mizaldus' ' Memorabilia,' 1574), 990 (the
same).
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 7, No. vii.
Tollius, Epistolae itinerariae, ed. H. C.
Henninius, Amst., 1700, p. 8. (MS. at Wolfen-
bttttel.)
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grceca, Hamburg, 1717,
viii. pp. 232-248, (Greek text with Pizimenti's
translation) ; ed. Harles, 1804, ix. p. 206 (Pizi-
menti's translation and list of manuscripts).
Reinesius, ' Judicium de chemicorum Graecorum
codice Gothano,' in Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grteca,
1724, xii. pp. 752, § 4 (about Synesius), 769.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 350 (assigns the ' Commentaria" on
if it be one of those enumerated by Kopp, it has
not been recognized as Pizimenti's. The com-
mentary labours under the same drawback for us
as the original work of Democritus, which it was
intended to explain — it is very obscure. This is
due to our not comprehending exactly what was the
problem which the writer had set before him, what
was his procedure in trying to solve it, and what
significance he attached to the names of common
objects and materials which he employed, or, at
least, mentions. Synesius seems to have gone even
farther, and to have read an esoteric meaning in
Democritus' language, which greatly increases the
difficulty of understanding his own comments.
Different opinions have been held as to the
author. By a good many authorities he has been
identified with Synesius of Cyrene (360 ?-4i5 ? A. D. ),
bishop of Ptolemais, and this view has been accepted
by Berthelot without any question. But as early as
1634, Reinesius had regarded it as untenable,
and much more recently Ameilhon has rejected it
on the ground that the style of the genuine writings
of the bishop is quite different from that of the
commentary. Moreover, in no account of the
bishop, or in his collected works, is there any
allusion to alchemical writings by him, even when
reference is made to the work which he really did
in astronomy and areometry. It may be said,
therefore, that since the identity of the author of
the commentary and the bishop has not been
proved, the former may be regarded as at present
unknown.
With regard to the date of the writing there is
considerable uncertainty. By Ameilhon it is put
late, any time between the ninth and twelfth
century. Kopp is disposed to assign it to the fourth
century, if not earlier. Reference to it is made by
Zosimus and Olympiodorus, who are considered
to have flourished in the fourth or fifth century.
Democritus to the bishop of Cyrene, and quotes
only the edition of Cologne, 1574, with Mizaldus,
not Pizimenti's ; and MSS. in Greek ' apud Med.
clariss. Joh. Elichmannum ').
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, p. 106 (I. lib. i. cap.
ii, § 145) (has tried to rebut Reinesius' arguments).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 829.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermetique, 1742, i. jap. 37, 42-56, 462 (identifies him
with the bishop of Ptolemais) ; iii. pp. 13, 14, 15,
19, 20, 26 (Greek MSS.); 305, 306 (Latin trans-
lation).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xli. col. 1013-
14.
Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 970.
Fried. Jos. Wilh. Schroder, Neue Sammlung der
Bibliothek fur die hohere Naturwiuenschaft und
Chemie, Leipzig, 1775, pp. 431-454 (German trans-
lation).
Wiegleb, Historisch-kritische Untersuchung der
Alchemie, 1777, pp. 175, 178.
Petrus Lambecius, Commentariorvm de Biblio-
theca Casarea Vindobonensi libri, ed. Kollar,
Vindob., 1780, p. 392 (identifies him with the
bishop).
Beytrag fur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
P- 483-
422
SYNESIUS
SYNESIUS, Greek Alchemist. Continued.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 20
(identifies him with the bishop ; refers to his
knowledge of distillation).
Ameilhon, ' Commentaire de Syne"sius le philo-
sophe, sur le livre de De'mocrite, adressf: & Dioscore,
comme dans les Scholies,' Notices et extraits des
manuscrits de la Bibliotheque Nationale, An XII.
[1804], VII. ii. p. 222.
Lives of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philosophy,
1814, pp. 5 (life, in which the commentary is assigned
to the bishop of Ptolemais, and friend of Hypatia) ;
347 ( ' The true Book, ' which is by the Abbot
Synesius).
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1823, ii.
p. 220 (identifies him with the bishop).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 66.
Alex. v. Humboldt, Examen critique de I'His-
toire de la Geographic du Nouveau Continent, . . .
Paris, 1837, ii. p. 308 (speaks of Synesius in con-
nection with distillation and distinguishes him from
the ' philosophe cyr6n6en de ce nom ').
Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literdrge-
schichte, 1838, I. ii. p. 1199.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. pp. 268-
271 ; 1866, i. pp. 279-282.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 153.
Chevreul, Journal des Savants, 1845, p. 330.
Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869,
pp. 144-161 (and references to the literature), 224
(distillation).
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarq/, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 657 (Schroder's translation).
Berthelot, Les Origines de I'Alchimie, 1885, pp.
105, 117, 156 (identified with the bishop), 188-191
&c., &c.
Ferguson, ' On the first edition of the Chemical
Writings of Democritus and Synesius,' Proceedings
of the \Royal] Philosophical Society of Glasgow,
1885, xvi. pp. 36, 287 ; 1891, xxii. p. 295 ; 1892,
xxiii. p. 153 ; 1894, xxv. p. 182 ; 1895, xxvi. p. 54.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 202 ; ii. p.
3*9-
Berthelot, Collection des Anciens Alchimistes
Grecs, 1888, Introduction, passim ; Texte Grec,
pp. 56-69. Traduction, pp. 6o-"5.
Berthelot, Introduction a I* Etude de la Chimie
des Anciens et du Moyen Age, 1889, pp. 164
(drawing of the alembic of Synesius), 202 (date of
the commentary), 288 (the oldest commentary), et
passim. (This is a convenient 8° page for page
reprint of the ' Introduction ' to the ' Collection
des Anciens Alchimistes Grecs.')
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmaaie, 1904, p. 223
(identifies the commentator with the bishop).
T. (/.) P. D.— TABULA
423
T. (I.) P. D., i.e. TANCKE (JOACHIM).
See HOHELANDE (EWALD VON).
T. P. G. L.
See ERB1NAUS VON BRANDAU (MATTHAUS).
These letters stand probably for ' Theophrasti Paracelsi Grosser Liebhaber.j
TABOR (HEINRICH).
See BERGMAN (TORBERN), 1782.
Heinrich Tabor was born at Frankfurt a. M. in
1751 (1757?), and was a son of the lawyer, Johann
Tabor.
At the age of ten he was sent to the grammar
school at Frankfurt, and remained there for nine
years. He then went to Giessen, where he passed
through the arts and medical courses, having among
his teachers Boehmius in philosophy, Baumer in
physiology, chemistry, pharmacy and clinical prac-
tice, Alefeld in anatomy, F. A. Cartheuser in botany,
mineralogy, materia medica and chemistry, Nebel
in surgery and obstetrics. This occupied him for
three and a half years, after which he studied
practical anatomy at Strasburg with J. F. Lobstein.
He returned to Giessen and graduated 20 Dec.,
1776. He afterwards settled as a medical practi-
tioner in his native place, was an ordinary member
of the Senkenberg Medical Institute at Frankfurt,
and died there 10 Nov. (Dec. ?), 1795. Besides the
present man, Strieker also mentions a Johann
Johann Wilhelm Baumer, Joan, Guil. Baumer
candidati praenobilissimi, Dn. Henrici Tabor,
Francofurthani, Solemnia Inauguralia indicit, et
monita quaedam de variolis earumque curatione
ac insitione, proponit, Giessae Cattorum, 1776, 4°,
pp. 19-20 (sketch of his life to date).
Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon
der jetztlebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 4th ed. ,
1784, iv. p. 3 ; Nachtrag : 1787, ii. p. 384 ; 1788,
iii- P- 3595 i79i. iv- P- 731 1 I79S. v- »• P- 4io.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, lii. p. 269.
Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800
verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1815, xiv. p. 3.
Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 292.
Heinrich iTabor, who was teacher of anatomy at
Frankfurt in 1779, and had difficulty in getting the
necessary material for his demonstrations and
practical work. Whether these two persons are
identical or not is not made plain by him, but
presumably they were so. If that be the case,
Tabor seems to have systematically dropped his
first name Johann.
Besides his translation of Bergman's ' Opuscula '
into German, in six volumes, Frankf. a. ^.,1782-90,
he wrote on medical topics : Dissertatio inauguralis
medica de variolis, Giessae Cattorum, 1776, 4°;
Ueber den Gebrauch und Mifsbrauch der Peruvian-
ischen Rinde, Heidelberg, 1788, 8° ; Anatomische
Schriften von Azzoguidi, J. B. Paletta und J.
Brugnoli . . . Heidelberg, 1791, 8° ; translation of
Joh. Heinr. Rahn's work : Ueber Sympathie und
Magnetismus . . . mil Anmerkungen begleitet,
Heidelberg, 1789, 8° ; etc. , etc.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mede-
ctne, 1839, iv. p. 245.
Wilh. Strieker, Die Geschichte derHeilkunde und
der verwandten Wissenschafien in der Stadt Frank-
furt am Mayn, 1847, pp. 197, 205, 340.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1064.
Dictionnaire Encyclopldique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme SeYie, 1885, xv. p. 470.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 604
(article by W. Strieker).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 180.
TABULA des grossern Wissens.
See TABULA Scientiae majoris]
TABULA PARADISI.
See GLORIA MUNDI.
424
TABULA— TA CHENIUS
TABULA Scientiae maioris : Tabula des grossern Wissens.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii., 1598, p. 214.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemize, 1610; Appendix Tomi Primi, p. 376.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 321.
See [SCHATZ und KunstkammerJ, p. 376.
TABULA SMARAGDINA.
See HERMES TRISMEGISTUS.
TACHENIUS (OTTO).
Ottonis Tachenii Hippocrates Chimicus, qui novissimi Viperini Salis anti-
quissima Fundamenta ostendit.
Seneca in Epistola. Nunquam melius torquebis invidos, quam virtuti,
& glorias inserviendo.
Brunsvigae, Sumpt. Thomas Henrici Hauensteinii, Bibliop. Hannover. &
Hildesiensis. Typis Johann. Henrici Dunckeri, Anno M.DC.LXVIIL
12°. Pp. [40] 271 [i]. Vignette.
First edition, Venet., 1666, 12°; Lugd. Bat.,
1671, 12°, with a pretty engraved title-page, pp.
[48] 190 [2]; Cla vis, [24] 202 [14]. To it and to that
of 1668 is appended Tachenms' Tractatits de Mor-
borum Principe, according to Mercklin, whose
statement is followed by others. In none of the
copies of these editions which I have seen does this
tract appear. Another edition, Paris, 1674.
Of this work a translation into English was made,
of which the following is an account :
Otto Tachenius. his Hippocrates Chymicus Dis-
covering the Ancient foundations of the late Viperine
Salt with his Clavis thereunto annexed Translated
by I. W. London Printed & are to be sold by
W. Marshall at the Bible in Newgate street. 1690.
4°. Pp. [2] 122 [9, i blank] ; Clavis, [7, i blank]
120 [13, i blank].
The title is entirely engraved, and has a border
containing symbolical figures : at the top on the
dexter side Minerva and a phoenix, on the sinister,
Mercury and a pelican, in the centre a mine.
Below Minerva are figures symbolizing the elements
air and earth, below Mercury, those denoting fire
and water ; at the bottom, dexter, the Sun God for
Gold, sinister, Diana for Silver, and in the centre
an apothecary^ shop.
The Clavis, which forms the second part, has a
title as follows :
Otto Tachenius his Clavis to the Antient Hippo-
cratical Physick, or Medicine : Made by Manual
Experience in the very Fountains of Nature.
Whereby, Through Fire and Water, in a Method
unheard of before, the Occult Mysteries of Nature
and Art are Unlocked and clearly Explained by a
Compendious way of Operation.
Senec. Epist. A man can never more torment
the envious, than by applying ones self to
Virtue and Glory.
London, Printed for Will. Marshal, at the
Bible in Newgate-street, 1690. Where is like-
wise sold Coke's Marrow of Chirurgery, Anatomy
and Physick. As also his Observations of English
Bodies, of Eminent persons, in desperate Diseases.
Pp. [7, i blank] 120 [13, i blank].
[For the 1677 edition, see 'Additions and Correc-
tions.']
Otto Tachenius, called also Tachen and Tackenius,
was the son of the miller of the Abbess at Herford
in Westphalia, studied the apothecary's art at
Lemgo, and was with a certain Dr. Timpleus, but,
being detected in a theft, was dismissed. At Kiel,
Dantzig, and Koenigsberg, he acted as an apothe-
cary's apprentice, and at Kiel became acquainted
with Helwig Dieterich. In 1644 he went off to
Italy, took the degree of Dr. Med. at Padua,
settled at Venice, and sold quantities of a prepara-
tion which was known as Sal volatile viperarum, or
Sal viperinum, which, however, Dieterich asserted
was merely the volatile salt of hartshorn mixed
with something else. The Alcahest of van Helmont
was the theme of a letter to Frederick, Duke of
Holstein, which, at Tachenius' request, was printed.
In an appendix, however, faults of grammar, among
others, were criticised, and, assuming that Dieterich
was at the bottom of it, Tachenius wrote an 'Apo-
logia,' in which he charged Dieterich with falsifying
his letter on the Alcahest, and obtaining sums of
money from the Elector of Brandenburg under the
pretence of making Aurum potabile. As both
charges were baseless, the ' Apologia ' was burnt at
Berlin publicly, and Dieterich lodged a complaint
with the authorities at Venice. The result is not
known. Tachenius was still living at Venice in 1699.
Tachenius was a pronounced iatrochemist, and in-
troduced into Italy the hypothesis of acid and alkali
as the basis of physiology and pathology. He
was not much of an anatomist, but he was a good
chemist, with a clear understanding of reactions,
and with a wide knowledge of substances and the
practical methods of preparation.
He was criticised at great length by JOHANN
ZWELFER in his Discursus Apologeticus adversus
Hippocratem Chymicum, 1672.
His other works are given as follows :
Epistola de famoso liquore Alkahest, Venet.,
1655, 4°, and along with Helv. Dieterici Vindiciae
adversus Ottonem Tackenium, Hamburgi, 1655, 4°.
EchoadVindiciasChyrosophi de liquore Alcaeist,
Venet., 1656, 4°.
Antiquissimae Hippocraticas Medicines Clavis,
Bruns., 1668, Venet., 1669, 12°, pp. 286 [2]; Fran-
cofurti, 1669, 12°, 1673, 12°, pp. [28] 5-232 [2] ;
Lugd. Bat., 1671, 12° ; Lutetias, 1671, Brem., 1608,
Lugd., 1671.
Tractatus de Morborum Principe, Osnabrugi,
1678, 1679, 12°, pp. [16] 2ii [i].
Exercitatio de recta acceptatione arthritidis et
podagras, Patavii, 1662, 4°.
TA CHENIUS— T^EDA
425
TACHENIUS (Oxxo). Continued.
Ephemerides Natures Curiosorum, 1667, p. 585
(review of the ' Hippocrates Chymicus').
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medico., 1679, pp.
12 a, 208 b, 474 b.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 862.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . In-
troductio, 1687, pp. 77, 79 (Introductio, cap. ii.
§xxvi.).
Goelicke, Historia Medicines Universalis, 1719,
iii. p. 648 (questions Tachenius' accuracy in claim-
ing Hippocrates as a chemist).
Barchusen, De Medicin<e origine et progressu
Dissertationes, 1723, p. 477.
Acta Medicorum Berolinensium, 1727, Decad.
II. vol. vii., praefat. p. 13 ; 1729, Dec. II. vol. ix.,
praefat. p. 20.
Bibliotheca Riviniana, 1727, p. 477.
Joh. Heinrich Fiirstenau, Desiderata Medica,
1.727, p. 139 (about the ' pathologia salsa,' first
advanced by Tachenius, followed by Swalve,
Severinus, De le Boe Sylvius and others).
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 351 (reprint of the review in the
Ephemerides).
Stolle, Einleitung in die Historie der Medicin-
ischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 240, 298, 299, 532.
Boerhaave, Elementa Chemiae, 1732, i. p. 88 ;
Shaw's translation, 1727, p. 48 ; 1753, i. p. 46.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P. 830.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 306.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xli. col. 1333.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed Haller,
1751, pp. 138, 417, 439, 482, 622, 897 (notice of his
' Hippocrates chymicus '), 974.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-l^xicon, 1751,
iv. col. 980.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p.
382.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mfdecine,
TACKE (JOHANN).
See TAKIUS (JOHANNES).
TJEDA Trifida Chimica, das 1st : Dreyfache Chymische Fackel, den wahren Weg zu
der edlen Chimi-Kunst bescheinend, nemlich Johannis Wolffgangi Dienheimii,
Medicina Universalis, Anonymi, Verbum Dimissum, D. Hugini a Barma,
Saturnia Regna. Allesamt treulich verteutscht, und an das Tagliecht gebracht.
Boni Medici est, non saltern ea, quse ante pedes sunt videre, sed
& ea, quae sunt Superius & Inferius, studios^ considerare.
Niirnberg, In Verlegung Johann Andreae und Wolffgang Endters defs
Jungern Sel. Erben. Anno M.DC.LXXIV.
8°. Pp. [32] 3-303 [i blank] (wants 1-2). Title red and black, a plates.
1755, ii. p. 397 (on his iatro-chemical views) ; 1778,
iv. p.' 354.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinee practices, 1779, iii.
p. 43 (' chemicus, perigrinator, homo morum sus-
pectiorum ').
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 20 (short
criticism of him).
Metzger, Skizse einer pragmatischen Literdr-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 330, § 264.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 730-
737. 743-
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 138. (Compare the article on Burrhus,
pp. 191-2, to whom he ascribes ' Hippocrates
Chymicus,' Colon., 1690).
Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 293.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 413.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mede-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 246.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 225-
235 ; 1869, ii. pp. 217-224.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, '• P- J4° ;
1844, ii. p. 243 ; 1845, iii. p. 66, passim.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 298;
1849, ii. p. 212.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, p. 486.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarischex Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1064.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 381.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 91 (Tachenius'
reference to Thurneysser's partially transmuted
iron nail).
Dictionnaire Encyclopddique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme Se"rie, 1885, xv. p. 512.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 604.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 181.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
251, 482, 483 (his life and works), 486, 547.
This collection consists of the tracts following :
J. W. Dienheim, Universal-Artzney, p. 7.
Anonymi Verbum dimissum (Entdecktes Wort),
p. 97. This is a German translation of ' La Parole
delaiss^e, ascribed to BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS.
Huginus a Barma, Saturnia Regna, p. 137.
Anonymi Testamentum Chymicum (Letztes
Testament), p. 189.
Huginus a Barma, Etliche Philosophische
Schlusse, p. 285.
Kopp, Dit Alchemie, 1886, pp. 338, 386.
H. Aquila, Thuringus, Eine sonderbare Lehre
aus einem geschriebenen Buch, p. 297.
Aus einem Schreiben Eduardi Kellaei, p. 300.
Aus einer Epistel Eduardi Kellaei, p. 301.
Though it contains several tracts, Kopp has
placed it, because of its title, with other collections
of three tracts. It is also mentioned by him along
with other books having ' lamp ' or ' torch ' for the
title.
426 TAKIUS—TANCKE
TAKIUS (JOHANNES).
Johannis Takij Phil. & Med. D. Kurtze Rede von der Gold-Geburth, welche
die Natur so den lebendigen Thieren, so denen Bergarthen eingethan. Auf
sonderbahres Begehren in das Teutsche gebracht, und mit Verwilligung
defs Authorn zum Druck gefertiget. Durch Johann. Scultetum Phil. & Med.
D. Reipubl. Norib. Phys. Ord. Niirnberg, Gedruckt, bey Wolf Eberhard
Felfsecker, M.DC.LXVIII.
12°. Pp. 238 [2 blank]. Some leaves mended and defective.
Johann Tacke, or Takius, or Tackius, or Taccius, of the title) Darmstadt, 1663, 1664, 1670, 4°, quoted
was born at Wetzlar, became a graduate in philo- by Leupold.
sophy and medicine, and a professor of medicine Eucrene Theosophica, Das ist Beschreibung des
and rhetoric at Giessen, and physician of the Land- zwischen Grifsheimb und Godelaw unlangst ent-
grave of Hesse-Darmstadt. He wrote one or two standenen Heyl-Bronnens, Darmstadt, 1672, 12°.
books and some dissertations : Triplex Phasis sophicus solis orbe expeditus
Academia Gissena restaurata, Gissae, 1652, 4°. humanaeque fragilitati et spei resurrectionis rerum
Coeli anomalon, id est de Cometis sive stellis conseratus, Francof., 1673, 4°. This is the title in
crinitis, Gissae, 1653, 4°. the Beytrag, and of the copy in the British
De Consanguinitate auri, sacchari et spiritus vini, Museum. That given by Leupold is different :
tractatus brevis, 1659, 8°. Triplex Phasis sophicus de Auro, saccharo & Q. E.
Ros benedictio coeli, 1661, 4°. [quinta essentia] vini, &c., 4°, Francof., 1673.
Chrysogonia animalis et mineralis (which may be His collected works appeared at Franckfurt in
either a Latin version of the present work, or merely 1673, 4°. a°d his death occurred at Darmstadt, 30
Aug., 1675.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, pp. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
95 a, 172 a, 183 b, 402 b. col. 982 (list of his works).
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 689. Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, 30 Aug., logicus, 1761, p. 519.
1675 ; sig. Kkkk 4 recto. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practicce, 1779, iii.
Bibliotheca Riviniana, 1727, p. 347. pp. 29, 200.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
1731, II. ii. p. 352. p. 624 ('Triplex Phasis sophicus,' 1673).
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^, Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
1732, p. 140. 25), vii. p. 294.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mfdi-
p. 830. caks, 3eme S6rie, 1885, xv. p. 515.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 379 (calls him
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 307 ('Triplex Phasis J. Tak).
sophicus ' and 'Chrysogonia'). Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xli. col. 1344 (list den Aerete aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 605.
of his works). Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 181.
TANCKE (JOACHIM).
See BAPST (MICHAEL), luniperetum, 1605.
See REUDENIUS (MICHAEL), Bedencken, 1605, Vorrede.
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Triumph wagen Antimonii, 1624, Vorrede.
Alchimistisch Waitzenbaumlein, das ist : Vom Stain der Weisen. Ein wolge-
griindtes Philosophisch Gesprech Vaters vnd Sohns. Von einem Christ-
lichen Philosopho beschrieben. Nunmehr den Filijs Doctrinse publicirt,
vnd in Druck verfertiget durch loachimum Tanckium Perlebergensem, der
Philosophey vnnd Artzney Doctorem vnd Professorem in der Vniversitet zu
Leipzig. Cum Gratia & Privilegio El. Sax. Leipzig, Bey Johan Rosen.
Jm M.DC.V. Jahr.
8°. Pp. [24] 94 [ i colophon, i blank]. Title red and black. Colophon : Gedruckt
zu Eifsleben, durch Jacobum Gaubisch, In vorlegung Johan Rosen, Buchhandlers in
Leipzig. Im M.DC.V. Jahr.
[Another Copy.]
TANCKE 427
TANCKE (JOACHIM). Continued.
Promptuarium Alchemise, das ist : Vornehmer gelarten Philosophen vnd
Alchimisten Schriffte vnd Tractat, von dem Stein der Weisen, saint kiinst-
lichen Alchimistischen Handgriffen, vnd bewerten schonen bereittungen
allerley Artzneyen, aufs den Animalien, Vegetabilien, Mineralien vnd Metallen,
beydes den Alchymisten vnd Medicis hochnohtig, dienstlich vnd sehr niitzlich.
Den Liebhabern dieser Kunst, so wol den Philosophis vnd Medicis zum
besten, fleissig zusammen getragen vnd publicirt, durch Joachimum
Tanckium, der Ertzney Doct. vnd Professorem. Cum Gratia & Privilegio.
Gedruckt zu Leipzig, In verleg: Henning Grofsn, des altern. Im M.DC.X.
Jahr.
8°. Pp. [80] 320 [15, i blank]. Title red and black, i woodcut. Folding table.
Appendix Primi Tomi Promptuarii Alchymias.
Pp. [1-16] 17-377 [i blank]. A blank leaf between 299-300. 23
woodcuts.
In the Appendix are printed the tracts following : 15. De Lapide Philosophorum XII. Cap. , p. 261.
1-7. Splendor Solis mit seinen Figuren, darinn 16. Ein Philosophisch Werck vnnd Gesprech von
alle Anzeigung von dem Lapide Philosophorum dem gelben und roten Mann . . . Melchioris
beschrieben. Der ist in sieben Tractatus abgeteilet, Cardinalis et Episcopi Brixiensis, p. 299.
p. [ii]. Von dem Rebis einem Stein, p. 334.
8. Spiegel der Alchimey, welchen Herr Ulrich 17. Varia Philosophica, p. 338.
Poyselius beschrieben, p. 86. Ein schones Gedicht, p. 346.
9. Clavis der Chimischen Handgrieffen, p. 124, Ein Gesprech, p. 351.
10. Allerley Particularia, die Handgrieff zuerler- Ein Gedicht, p. 357.
nen, p. 145. De Oleo Philosophorum, p. 359.
11. Ein Tinctur oder Elixir eines unbekandten Vera praeparatio Mercurij, p. 360.
Philosophi, p. 178. Ein ander Tractatus, vom Saltz der Weisen,
12. Processus pro tinctura auff den Mercurium p. 361.
Solis vnd Lunae, p. 195. Novum Testamentum, p. 369.
Modus procedendi in prasparatione lapidis Von dem Philosophischen Bley, p. 371.
philosophici, p. 201. Avicennae Septem Regulse, p. 374.
13. Dialogus philosophiae, p. 238. Tabula des grbssern Wissens, p. 376.
14. Exem plum art is Philosophise. Ein Exemplum
der Philosophen Kunst, p. 354.
[Another Copy of the Appendix.]
Promptuarium Alchemise Ander Buch, darinnen der vornehmsten gelehrten
Philosophen vnd Alchimisten Schrifften vnd Tractaten von dem Stein der
Weisen, so bifsher noch nicht in Druck aufsgangen, vnd fur einen grossen
Schatz gehalten worden, alien Liebhabern dieser Kunst, so wol den
Philosophis vnd Medicis zum besten in Druck verfertiget. Im Jahr,
M DC XIV. Leiptzig, bey Henning Grossen zubefinden.
8°. Pp. [15, i blank] 701 [i blank]. Title red and black. P. 415 is a folding leaf
numbered on one side. This throws the even pp. on the recto up to p. 678, which is
repeated, and thus the odd numbers come on the recto to the end.
The following tracts are contained in this second Bericht der hochsten Geheimniifs der Natur zuer-
volurae: forschen, vnd aus dem verborgen ans Liecht, dem
Part II. Menschen zu gutem zubringen, klar und hell
De Lapide Philosophorum (in verse), pp. [8-15]. beschrieben, aus der Natur nach Philosophischen
Rotatio elementorum. Umbkehrung der Ele- gebrauch, p. 169.
ment, nach Beschreibung des Meisters Rodanij, p. i. Arcanum de multiplicatione philosophica, 252.
Ein klein Rosen-Gartlein, darinnen die Philo- Vom dem rechten wahren Philosophischen Stein :
sophia Naturalis und vollkomnufs aller Metallischen Zwolff Tractatlein in einem Wercklein verfasset und
Sachen begriffen seind, p. 19. begriffen, p. 258.
Das Buch Chymia, welches beschreibt den Desselbigen Authoris Philosophische Ratzel, an
Tractat des hochsten weges der Philosophise, p. 69. die Kinder der Warheit, p. 350.
Lux lucens in tenebris. Das ist, Ein grilndlicher Ein Philosophisch Gleichnifs oder Ratzel, p. 356.
428 TANCKE
TANCKE (JOACHIM). Continued.
Tractatus de Quinta Essen tia Vini, p. 368. The three numbers : Zwolff Tractatlein, Philo-
Tabula Schmaragdina (sic) Hermetis Trismegisti, sophische Ratzel and Ein Philosophisch Gleichnifs,
p. 413. form the ' Novum Lumen Chymicum ' of the Cos-
Aufslegung und Erklarung des Gemahls oder mopolite, published by Sendivogius. The last three
Figur (in verse, with a folding plate), p. 415. tracts by Basilius Valentinus were printed more
Propositiones cder Satzungen der Goltkunst, p. than once, as will be seen by referring to entries
427. under his name. The first edition is the following,
Tuba (sic) Philosophorum in secunda Philosophia, so far as I am aware : Ein kurtz Summarischer
called in the text : Philosophi der Goldtkunst, so Tractat, Fratris Basilij Valentini Benedicter Ordens,
man Chemiam nennet, p. 435. Von dem grossen Stein der Vralten, daran so viel
Ein vortrefflicher Tractat von der warhafftigen tausent Meister anfangs der Welt hero gemacht
Composition des Lapidis Philosophorum, Theorice haben, darinnen das gantze werck nach Philo-
& Physice gantz lustig beschrieben. Rogeri sophischer art fur Augen gestalt, mit seiner eigenen
Bachonis de Sole, p. 546. Vorrede, fur etlich viel Jahren hinterlassen, vnd
Die Practick oder Procefs Rogeri Bachonis de numehr alien Filijs doctrinas zu gutem Publiciret
Sole, p. 566. vnd durch den Druck ans Liecht bracht. Durch
Ein kurtz Summarischer Tractat. Fratris Basilii lohannemTholdenHessum. GedrucktzuEifsleben,
Valentini Benedicter Ordens. Von dem grossen durch Bartholomaeum Hornigk. Anno M.D.IC.
Stein der Vralten, p. 610. Small 8°, sigs. A to K. in eights, not paged, K 7
Die zwolff Schliissel Fratris Basilij Valentini and 8 blank. This is one of the earliest of Tholde's
Benedicter Ordens, dadurch die Thiiren zu dem appearances as the editor of Basilius Valentinus.
Vralten Stein unser Vorfahren eroffnet, und der With the ' Promptuarium ' is to be compared the
vnerforschliche Brunnen aller Gesundheit gefunden 'Schatzund Kunstkammer." The latter contains
wird, p. 641. all the tracts in the first part of the ' Promptuarium '
De Prima Materia Lapidis Philosophici (in verse), and in the second part all from ' Tractatus de
p. 700. Quinta Essentia Vini,' p. 368, to the end.
Succincta & brevis Artis Chemiae Instructio. Das ist : Volkomner griindlicher
Bericht der rechten vnd waren Alchimey, aus warhafftigem Fundament vnd
Schrifften der Philosophen beydes Particulariter vnd Vniversaliter Philoso-
phischer weise erkleret vnd zusammen getragen, hierbevor von einem woler-
fahrenen Philosopho hinderlassen. Nunmehr manniglichen vnd insonderheit
der Chimischen Kiinste Liebhabern in Druck verfertiget. Durch Joachimum
Tanckium Perleberg. Medicinae Doctorem vnnd Professorem in der Vniver-
sitet Leipzig. Cum Gratia & Privilegio Electoralis Saxonicae. Leipzig,
Bey Johan Rosen. Im M.DC.V. Jahr.
8°. Pp. [16] 106 [5, i blank]. Title red and black. Colophon : Gedruckt zu
Eifsleben, durch Jacobum Gaubisch, In vorlegung Johann Rosen Buchhandl. in
Leipzig.
Anonymi Tractatus Philosophicus ad rubrum et album.
See APPENDIX ad faciliorem radicis Chymiae intellectum, p. 108.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 998.
Prefixed to these tracts are Epistolee by Tancke.
Metallurgia, das ist : Von der Generation und Geburt der Metallen, und dafs
aus ihnen allein der grosse Stein der Weisen konne gemacht werden, von
einem Philosopho Hermetico beschrieben, und publiciret, durch Joachimum
Tanckium D.
See CHYMISCH-UNTERIRDISCHER Sonnen-Glantz, 1728, p. 169.
See BERNHARDUS Trevisanus, Chymische Schrifften, 1746 (1747), p. 325.
Joachim Tanck, or Tancke, was born at Perle- zig, and member of the great Fiirsten -Collegium,
berg in the Mark, 9 Dec. , 1557, was a laureated poet He wrote various medical dissertations, besides
and professor of poetry in 1589. On 19 May, 1591, those on chemistry, and the works which he trans-
he obtained the licentiateship in medicine, and on lated and edited. Among his translations is Ewald
27 September, 1592, the doctorate, after which he van Hohelande's ' Kurtzer bericht . . . das die
became professor of anatomy and surgery at Leip- Alchimey, . . . ein sonderbar geschenck Gottes,'
TANCKE-TA ULADANUS
429
TANCKE QOACHIM). Continued.
1604, works by Roger Bacon, Bernhardus Trevi-
sanus and others, and he edited the work of Paul
Eck von Sultzbach.
He died 27 Nov., 1609, aged 52, at Leipzig, and
Van der Linden, De Scrip tis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 240.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 216.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, pp.
82 a, 92 b, iooa, 304 a, 306 b.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 511.
Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, 17 Nov.,
1609 ; sig. G 3 verso.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 354.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce,
1732, p. 140 (' Metallurgia' only).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrlen-Lcxicon, 1740,
P- 833.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 307.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xli. col. 1685.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751. PP- 597, 73I-.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 997.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. pp. 95, 139.
J. J. Vogel, Leipzigisches Geschicht-Buch oder
Annales, Das ist: Jahr und Tage-Bucher der
weltberumten . . . Kauff- und Handels-Stadt Leip-
zig, Zweite Auflage, Leipzig, 1756, pp. 260, 273,
342.
Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 289.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 270.
was buried under the organ in the Pauliner-Kirche.
He died, therefore, just before the celebration of
the second centenary of the University, which took
place on Dec. 4 of that year.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
pp. 293, 358.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
1778, iv. p. 361.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 12.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 515, 588, 594.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 292,
293-
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 89.
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 297.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
235. 35°-
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 187
(Tancke wished there was a professorship of
alchemy in the Universities).
Figuier, LAlchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856,
p. 116.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1067.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 548, 826, 852, 1052, 1460.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 3eme S6rie, 1885, xv. p. 683.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 347, 371, 379.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 612.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 203.
TASCHENBUCH fur Alchemisten, Theosophen und Weisensteinsforscher, die
es sind und werden wollen.
Trahit sua quemque voluptas !
Jeder hat sein Steckenpferd !
Leipzig, bei Christian Gottlob Hilscher, 1790.
8°. Pp.
This book contains a discussion and refutation of
alchemical beliefs and practice. The author criti-
cises the ideas of the most prominent of the writers,
old and new, considers the arguments and evidence
for transmutation, rejects Giildenfalk's narratives as
incredible and misleading, and refers to the tricks
of false adepts.
He treats more at length of Thurneysser (p. 83),
Theobald von Hoghelande's 'Liber de Alchemiae
[16] 342.
difficultatibus' (pp. 91-99) ; Schwarlzer at the court
of Saxony (pp. 198-200) ; Friedrich Gualdus and his
Universal-medicine (pp. 236-257) ; Abraham von
Franckenberg, two theosophic letters (pp. 261-288);
and Wienner's 'Splendor Lucis' (pp. 144-174). It
concludes with a reply to a review of the author's
other book : ' Beitrag zur Geschichte der hohern
Chemie,' 1785, which had been attacked in the
1 Allgemeine deutsche Bibliothek.'
Schmieder, Gesckichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 596. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 343 (alchemical
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ou-varoff, Sciences periodicals).
Secretes, 1870, No. 563.
TAULADANUS (ROBERTUS).
In Braceschum, animadversio.
See GRATAROLO (GUGLiELMO), Verae Alchemias . . . doctrina, 1561, i. p. 47.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, pp. 421, 441.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 216.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679,
p. 241 b.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 990.
1731. II. ii- P- 357-
Lenglel Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 35 (calls him Trauludanus
boih in the texl and Ihe index).
430 TA URINUM— TEICHME YER
TAURINUM.
See PHARMACOPCEA Taurinensis, 1736.
TECENENSIS (GUILLELMUS).
Lilium de Spinis evulsum.
See THEATRUM CHEM1CUM, 1659, iv. p. 887.
Guillelmus, or Wilhelmus Tecenensis, or Tecce- century, and wrote the present work about alchemy,
nensis, called 'a Massilia,' was a French Dominican It was printed in the Theatrum Chemicum, Argen-
of the Dominican province of Provence, and there- torati, 1613, iv. p. 1000, and a copy exists at Rome
fore called Provincialis, flourished towards the close in the Bibliotheca Casanatensis.
of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, p. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
241 b. Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 55.
Q\K\\f8iE.c\xvcA,Scriptoresordinis preedicatorum, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
Lutet. Paris., 1721, ii. p. 754. col. 1980 (under Wilhelmus).
TEICHMEYER (HERMANN FRTEDRICH).
Hermann! Friderici Teichmeyeri, D. Elementa Philosophise Naturalis Experi-
mentalis, in quibus omnium rerum naturalium affectiones recensentur,
earundemque causae, quantum fieri potest, deteguntur, et per Experimenta,
turn ex Mathesi, turn ex Chymia imprimis desumpta, declarantur, in usum
Auditorii sui. Cum Figuris ^Eneis, et Indice. lenae, Sumptibus loh.
Felic. Bielckii, MDCCXVII.
4°. Pp. [8] 272 [47, i blank]. 5 engraved plates of physical apparatus and toys.
Title red and black.
An edition of 1724, in 4°, is mentioned by Bougine'.
Hermann Friedrich Teichmeier der W. W. und A. W. Doktor, der Anatomic,
Chirurgie und Botanik ordentlichen offentlichen Lehrers zu Jena wie auch
Herzoglich Sachsisch-Weimarisch. und Eisenachischen Hofraths und Leib-
arztes, der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Naturforscher und der koniglichen
Preufsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mitgliedes.
Erlauterungen einiger Verse welche in des Basilius Valentinus Schriften
vorkommen, aus den Lateinischen iibersetzt und mit einigen Anmerkungen
begleitet von D. Georg Friedrich Christ. Fuchs der A. W. ausserordentlicher
Lehrer in Jena. Jena im Verlag der Cunoischen Erben 1788.
8°. Pp. [8] 158 [i, i blank].
Hermanni Friderici Teichmeyeri Philosophiae et Medicinae Doctoris, Anatomiae,
Chirurgiae et Botanices Professoris Publici Ordinarii Serenissimi Ducis Saxo-
Isenacensis Consiliarii ac Regiae Borussicae Societatis Scientiarum Sodalis
Institutiones Chemiae Dogmaticae et Experimentalis in quibus Chemicorum
Principia Instrumenta, Operationes et Producta simulque Analyses Trium
Regnorum succincta methodo traduntur in usum Auditorii sui cum
Figuris Aeneis et Indicibus lenae, Apud loh. Felicem Bielckium
M DCC XXVIIII.
4°. Pp. [8] 280 [20]. Title red and black. Four folding plates of chemical apparatus.
An edition of 1724 is mentioned by Bougine'.
TEICHMEYER
431
TEICHMEYER (HERMANN FRIEDRICH). Continued.
It was at Munden, where his father was Med.
Licent. , Stadt-physicus, and a distinguished prac-
titioner, that Teichmeyer was born 30 April,
1685, not in 1680. He was instructed by private
tutors and in the town school, after which he
was sent to Altenberg, and trained in languages,
philosophy, and medicine in the Gymnasium by
the director, Dr. Job. Christoph Wenzel, and
others. Having been well grounded, his father
entered him at Leipzig in 1702, where he passed
through the arts and philosophy course, and in
medicine was taught by Bonn, Rivinus, Welsch,
and Petermann, and had lessons in practical
anatomy.
From Leipzig he removed to Jena for improve-
ment in experimenial physics under Hamberger,
while he also pursued medicine under Kraussen,
G. W. Wedel, Slevogt, and Heinrich Wedel.
Under Slevogt he had more lessons in practical
anatomy, and held a disputation ' De Saliva ' under
the younger Wedel.
After all this work he gained the degree of doctor
of medicine in 1705, with a disputation ' De Cubebis'
under G. W. Wedel, in presence of Ernst Augustus,
Duke of Saxe- Weimar. In 1707 he got the degree
of magister philosophise. Thereupon he delivered
various learned discourses, and in 1717 was ap-
pointed to the professorship of experimental physics,
the duties of which office he discharged with so
much credit that the Duke of Saxony was pleased
to create for him a professorship of medicine ex-
traordinary in 1719, which he exchanged in 1727
for the ordinary professorship of anatomy, botany,
and surgery. His fame travelled beyond Jena ; he
was elected to the Royal Berlin Academy of Sciences,
and the Academia Naturae Curiosorum received
him, 6 Aug. , 1731, under the name of Democritus
II. He was physician of Count Hatzfeld, councillor
and principal physician of the Dukes of Saxe-
Weimar and Saxe- Eisenach.
His daughter was the wife of Albert von Haller,
who was very proud of the connection. Of
Teichmeyer he says that he specially cultivated
chemistry and alchemical pharmacy.
He wrote numerous disputations on medical
subjects, including one, De Spiritibus Acidis, 1720,
and Programmata, including one ' De Phosphoris,'
1731, and another ' De Antimonio,' 1733, and a
third, 'De rythmis Basilii Valentini,' 1732, 1736.
He was the author also of the following works :
Elementa Anthropologies et Theoria corporis
humani, Jenae, 1719, 4°, 1733.
Institutiones Medicae legalis et forensis, Jenae,
1723, 4°, i73i.
Institutiones materiae medicae, 1731, 1737.
Institutiones medicinae pathologico-practicae,
1741.
Anleitung zur gerichtlichen Arzneygelehrsamkeit,
Niirnberg, 1752.
He died at Jena, 5 Feb., 1744 (1746).
To illustrate how easily and unwittingly one may
be drawn into a controversy, Gotten narrates an
episode in Teichmeyer's life. In the 143 part of
the German ' Acta Eruditorum ' there is a sharp
criticism of a book : Theologia naturalis methodo
quasi mathematica digesta, by Jacob Thompson,
reformed court preacher at Konigsberg. In 1729
the author published a reply : Noth-dringliche
Schutz-Schrift ... in which he attacked Teich-
meyer as the author of the review. His sole reason
for believing this, was because an engraved portrait
of Teichmeyer happened to form the frontispiece
of the volume ! Probably Teichmeyer knew no-
thing about this onslaught, or, if he did, he may
have dismissed it with a laugh after his cheerful
fashion. He could afford to do that, Gotten adds,
for his reputation, not in Germany alone, but in
France and Italy, could not be diminished by
such an attack.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriplorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 363.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 798-99.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus BibliotheceB metallicee,
1732, p. 140 (' Dissertatio de Auro ' only).
Gotten, Das jetztlebende gelehrte Europa, 1736,
ii. p. 659.
Das in demjahr 1738. bluhende Jena, Jena (1738),
pp. 23-24.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 307.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xlii. cols. 605-
611.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, pp. 235, 335, 406, 441, 474, 490, 546, 769,
8n, 950, 1001, 1013, 1020, 1032, 1048, 1059.
(The writings here referred to deal almost entirely
with medical subjects. )
Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum
Historia, 1755, p. 501, No. 429.
Haller, Bibliolheca Bolanica, 1772, ii. p. 231.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 131
176 (anatomical writings).
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iv. p. 367.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 35.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv.
p. 4"-
Carl Jos. Bougin£, Handbuch der allgemeinen
Litterargeschichte, 1792, v. p. 3.
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literdr-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 391, §304.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 356,
362, 654 (some of his discoveries), 683, 697, 701,
736, 779.
Fuchs, Repertorium der Chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 233, 238, 249, 252, 254, 257, 259, 261,
276, 279 (various papers).
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 303 (list of dissertations).
Biographie Universelle, 1826, xlv. p. 97; no
date, xli. p. 114 (by Weiss).
Dezeirneris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mfde-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 253 (list of books and dissertations).
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, ii.
p. 221.
GUnther, Lebensskizzen der Professoren der Uni-
versitdt Jena seit 1558 bis 1858, Jena, 1858, p. 191.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
wbrterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1075.
Nouvelle Biographie Gintrale, 1865, xliv. col. 955.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 1083.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mfdi-
cales, 3eme Serie, 1886, xvi. p. 215.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
dtn Aerzte alter Zeiien und Volker, 1887, v. p. 627.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 268 (list
of dissertations, etc.).
432
TENTZEL— TESORO
TENTZEL (ANDREAS).
Andreae Tentzelii weyland Philosophi und Schwartzburgischen Leib-Medici,
Chymisch-Spagirische Artzney-Kunst.
Samt Georg Phaedronis raren Chymisch-Medicinischen Arcanis und
Geheimniissen. Aus dem Lateinischen in das Deutsche iibersetzt von P. C.
Deme noch beygefiiget ist Henningi Scheunemanni Philosophise und Med.
Doct. Spagyrische Geheimniisse. Franckfurt und Leipzig, 1736.
engraved plates. Tentzelius, p. i ; Phcedro, p. 161 ;
8°. Pp. [10] 370.
Scheunemann, p. 329.
Tentzel flourished about 1625, and was town
physician at Nordhausen and private physician of
the Count of Schwartzburg. Ladrague quotes
another edition of the present work : ' Secreta
rariora chymico-medica, oder Sammlung auser-
lesener medicinisch-chymischer Geheimnisze, in den
Schriften drey beriihmter Philosophorum, nehmlich ;
Andreas Tenzels chymisch spagyrische Arzney-
Kunst ; Georg Phoedronis chymisch medicinische
Arcana (aus dem Lateinischen in das teutsche
iibersetzt) ; und HenningScheunemanns spagyrische
Geheimnisse. Niirnberg, bey Stein und Raspe,
s. date (17 . .), in 8° de xvi — 370 pp. avec 2 pi.1
Phaedra's ' Arcana' begin on p. 161 and end p. 329,
followed by the tract of Scheunemann. The two
editions, therefore, seem to be copies of each other,
but which is the earlier I am unable to say, as I
have not seen that of Niirnberg. Tentzel also
wrote on the plague : Tractatus philosophico-
medicus de Peste ; Das ist, Von Natur und Cur
der Pest, (Nordhausen ?), 1627, 4° ; ' Exegesis
Chymiatrica,' printed along with Angelo Sala's
'Ternarius bezoardicorum,' 1725, 8°; De Mumiae
transplantatione ; Medicina Diastatica, hoc est
singularis ilia et admirabilis ad distans, & beneficio
mumialis transplantationis operationem & effica-
ciam habens, qvae ipsa loco commentarii in
Tractatum tertium de Tempore seu Philosop. D.
Theoph. Paracelsi, multa . . . arcana continet,
Jehnae, 1629, 16°, pp. [i6,includingan engraved title]
188 ; Erfurti, 1666, 12°. Of this last Gmelin quotes
also editions of Frankfurt, 1666, and Leipzig, 1725,
both in 12°, and adds that, before the last edition,
the book was extremely rare, and he tells a story
bearing on this point. Quite as rare, probably, is
Van der Linden, De Scriptis M 'edicts libri duo,
1637, p. 31.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 217.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, pp.
ico a, 138 b, 343 a.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 53.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 365.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 837.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, i. p. 478 (the story above alluded
to), iii. p. 308.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1744, xlii. col. 896
(list of his works).
Boerhaave, Methodus Sludii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, p. 603 (on the plague).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1055.
the English translation : Medicina Diastatica or
Sympatheticall Mumie : Containing many mys-
terious and hidden Secrets in Philosophy and
Physick. By the Construction Extraction Trans-
plantation and Application of Microcosmical &
Spiritual Mumie. Teaching the Magneticall cure
of Diseases at Distance, &c. Abstracted from the
Works of Dr. Theophr. Paracelsus : By the labour
and industry of Andrea Tentzelius, Phil. & Med.
Translated out of the Latine by Ferdinando Park-
hurst, Gent. H StoCtra iravra, KO.I KOfj-ifcrai <ptiins.
London, Printed by T. Newcomb for T. Heath,
and are to be sold at his Shop in Russell-street,
near the Piazza's of Covent-Garden, 1653, 16°,
pp. [24] 128. Medicinisch- Philosophisch- und
Sympathetische Schrifften, so da bestehen in des-
selben Medicina Diastatica, oder in die Feme
wiirckenden Artzney-Kunst. Dann in Vier und
Siebentzig Geheimniissen, Magnetisch- und Sym-
pathetischer Curen vieler Kranckheiten. Wie auch
darbey seine Scripta Gemina de Amore & Odio.
Nebst noch einem kurtzen Unterricht, auf was Art
die Thiere, Pflantzen und Ertze zur natiirlichen
Magie zu brauchen und anzuwenden. zusammen
heraus gegeben von P.C. Leipzig und Hof Verlegts
Johann Sigmund Straufs, Buchhaudl. 1725. 8°,
pp. [16, including the frontispiece] 286 [2]. Title
red and black. This is a German translation by
P. C. and is possibly the edition of 1725, referred
to by Gmelin, though it seems rather to have been
in Latin. Tentzel is said to have edited the
quarto edition of the THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM,
but I do not know the reason for this ascription.
His name does not appear in the edition of 1662.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historigue de la Mddecine,
1755, ii. p. 400 ; 1778, iv. p. 369.
Georgius Matthise, Conspectus Histories Afcdi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 570.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 295.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
p. 478.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 521,
568, 595 (' der leichtglaubige').
Bwgraphit Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 308.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i.
P- 479-
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Onvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1640.
Dictionnaire Encyclopfdique des Sciences Mldi-
cales, 3eme SeYie, 1886, xvi. p. 395.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 630.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 308.
TESORO piu di tutti incomparabile.
See ARNALDUS de Villanova, Libro chiamato Magisterio.
TESTAMENT— TEX TOR 433
TESTAMENT.
See LETZTES TESTAMENT.
For works entitled 'Testament' or 'Testamentum,' see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 359.
TESTAMENTUM.
See NOVUM Testamentum.
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS.
TESTAMENTUM CHYMICUM.
See TJEDA Trifida Chymica, 1674, p. 189.
TETZEN (JOHANN VON).
See JOHANN VON TETZEN.
Borel, Bibliotheca Ckimica, 1654, p. 216. Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallicce,
1732, p. 140.
TEUTSCHEN (Der) Schiitzen-Hoff.
See DREY Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, 1704.
The authorities assign this book, as well as 'Paradeis-Spiegel,' to Ambrosius Muller. Die Edelgc-
borne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 200.
TEUTSCHES Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst.
See SOLDNER ( ), Keren Happuch, . . . 1702.
TEUTZSCHESCHEN (JOHANN).
Epistola de Lapide Philosophorum.
See SCHAUBERT (JOHANN), Consummata Sapientia, 1681, p. 256.
Ladrague quotes a reprint of this tract in the Schriften,' Frankfurt und Leipzig, Kraufs, 1770, ii.
1 Neue Sammlung von einigen alien und sehr rar pp. 445-56.
gewordenen philosophisch und alchymistischen
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 999.
TEXTE (Le) d'Alchymie, et le Songe-Verd. A Paris, chez Laurent d'Houry,
rue S. Jacques, devant la Fontaine S. Severin, au Saint Esprit. M.DC.XCV.
Avec Privilege du Roy.
12°. Pp. 115 [2, i blank]. Woodcut illustration.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 301.
TEXTOR (JOANNES RAVISIUS).
Officinse loannis Ravisii Textoris Epitome. Tomus Primus. Opus nunc
recens summa diligentia recognitum, & Indice copiosissimo locupletatum.
Editio ultima, prioribus auctior, atque emendatior. Aureliae Allobrogum.
Apud Alexandrum Fernet. M.DC.XXVI.
8°. Pp. 412 [4]. Title red and black. Vignette, with the motto : Vivitur Ingenio.
Tomus Secundus, pp. 426 [6].
Cornucopias . . . Epitome, pp. 79 [i blank].
IT. 2£
434
TEXTOR— THARSANDER
TEXTOR (JOANNES RAVISIUS). Continued.
Jean Tixier, or Tissier, Joannes Textor or
Ravisius-Textor, a distinguished French scholar
and humanist, was born about 1480, at Saint-
Saulge, in the Nivernpis. The epithet Ravisius
denotes that he was Seigneur de Ravisi, also in the
Nivernois. Crevier admits that he did not know
the origin of the epithet, although it had been
explained by Menage. All this has been inverted
by Rotermund, who gives his name inaccurately as
Ravisius, with the by-name Textor.
He received his first instruction from his paternal
uncle, and completed his studies at Paris, in the
College of Navarre, under his compatriot, Jean
Boluacus, or, as he is called, Bolecacus, who
was rector. Later on he succeeded to the chair
of rhetoric, which he filled with such distinction
as to be called a great ornament of the College.
In this institution, then the most famous in Paris,
he brought to perfection the teaching of humanity,
and he was praised for the way in which he trained
his pupils and made them acquire a cultivated and
polished Latin style. In 1520 he was appointed
rector of the University of Paris. His death took
place in Dec., 1524, La Monnoye says on the 3rd,
but others on the 23rd. According to Baillet, he
Girolamo Ghilini, Teatro d' Huomini Letterati,
Venetia, 1647, ii. p. 152 (calls him Giouan Rauisio
Testore).
Vossius, De Historicis Latinis, 1651, lib. iii.
cap. 12, pp. 672-673 (borrowed from Raphael
Volaterranus. ' Nempe hujusmodi scriptores magis
rivos sectantur, quam fontes ').
Joannes Launoius, Regii Navarrce Gymnasii
Parisiensis ffistorta, Pans., 1677, Pars Altera, p,
644.
Gilles Manage, Anti-Baillet, a la Haye, 1690, i.
p. 115.
Baillet, Jugemens des Savans, ed. de La Monnoye,
1722, ii. p. 264, No. 336.
Maittaire, Annales Typographici, 1722, II. i. p.
324.
Morhof, Polykistor, 1732, i. p. 244 (I. lib. i.,
c. 21, §37).
died in 1531, or 1535, or even later, but that is
wrong. He was buried in the chapel of the College
of Navarre.
His works are all concerned with scholarship or
belles-lettres. He wrote a number of text-books
for the use of students of Latin and of antiquities,
and these were used in most of the schools in
France, Germany, and Italy. He was the author
also of commentaries, tragedies, comedies, orations,
dialogues, epistles, poems, elegies, epigrams, and
he was commended for the purity and elegance of
his Latinity by Crevier, while Baillet speaks dis-
paragingly of him and sides with the condemnation
by Vossius, rather than with the commendation
by Ghilini.
The ' Officina,' perhaps the best known of his
works, was first published at Paris in 1522, apud
Reginaldum Calderium ; Basil., 1538, apud Westh-
merum ; Lugd., 1541, apud Gryphium.
The ' Cornucopia ' was also first published at
Paris ; then at Basel, 1536, apud Westhmerum,
along with books ' De re vestiaria & vascularia,
decerpta ex Lazaro Baifio ' and others ' De re
hortensi.' None of his works refer to natural
science.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1741, xxx. col. mi
(under Ravisius).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrfen-Lexicon, 1751, iii.
col. 1929 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnz-
ungen, 1819, vi. col. 1457 (list of his works).
Crevier, Histoire de I' University de Paris, 1761,
iv. p. 443.
Les Bibliotheques franfoises de La Croix du
Maine et de Du Verdier, ed. Juvigny, 1773, iv.
p. 522 (Du Verdier II.).
Biographie Universelle, 1824, xxxvii. p. 153 ; no
date, xxxv. p. 250 (article by Weiss).
Nouvelle Biographie Gtndrale, 1862, xli. col. 728.
Ferguson, ' Bibliographical Notes on ... Books
of Secrets,' read 1884, Transactions of the Glasgow
ArchcEological Society , 1890, N.S. i. p. 199, note.
THARSANDER.
Adeptus Ineptus, oder Entdeckung der falsch beriihmten Kunst Alchimie
genannt : Darin die Nichtigkeit solcher Kunst klarlich erwiesen, der Alchi-
misten Principia untersucht und widerlegt, ihre Betriigereyen eroffnet, und die
Unmoglichkeit der Metallen-Verwandlung wenigstens auf das wahrscheinlichste
dargethan, Wie auch von der Universal-Medicin und anderen vorgegebenen
Alchimistischen Kunst-Stiicken gehandelt wird. Von Tharsandern. Berlin
bey Ambrosius Haude, 1744.
8°. Pp. [16] 495 [i blank, 16].
Schau-Platz vieler ungereimten Meynungen und Erzehlungen : Worauf die
unter dem Titul der Magiae Naturalis so hoch gepriesene Wissenschafften
und Kiinste,
Von dem Gestirn und dessen Influentz,
Von den Geistern, ihren Erscheinungen und Wiirckungen,
Von andern natiirlichen Dingen, ihren geheimen Krafften und Eigen-
schafften.
Ingleichen die mancherley Arten der Wahrsagerey, und viel andere
THARSA NDER— THE A TR UM
435
THARSANDER. Continued.
fabelhaffte, aberglaubische und ungegriindete Dinge mehr, vorgestellet,
gepriifet und entdecket warden. Zur Beforderung der Wahrheit wie auch
zum Unterricht und Warnung, sich fur thorichten Einbildungen und Betrug
zu hiiten eroffnet von Tharsandern. I. Stuck. Berlin und Leipzig, zu
finden bey Ambrosius Haude, 1735.
8°. Pp. 104.
II. Stuck, pp. 105-200.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
pp. 195-295 [i blank].
pp. 296-415 (even numbers on
the recto).
pp. 417-512 (416 dropped).
Z736, PP- [2] 512-621 (the even
numbers are on the recto).
pp. 622-454 [f°r 724J I1 blank].
After 637 is the misprint
368, and this error of 270
pages is carried on to the
end of the volume [455
blank].
Register, pp. 30, 2 blank.
VIII. Stuck, pp. 456-571 [for 726-841], (the
even numbers are on the
recto).
1737. PP- i-«2.
pp. 113-223 [224 blank],
pp. 225-328.
pp. 329-437 [i blank], 439-40
dropped.
1738, pp. 441-564 [565-8 blank],
pp. 569-678 [679-80 blank].
pp. 681-784.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
Each ' Stuck ' has the long title.
It seems to be generally agreed that the name
of this pseudonymous writer is Georg Wilhelm
Wegener or Wegner, called incorrectly Wagner
by Ladrague. Fictuld says he was" pastor at
Germendorff and Rosenheim, but Schmieder says
he was a teacher at Berlin. He shortly summarizes
him as a decided sceptic about alchemy, who
narrated stories concerning adepts to show their
falsity. For this purpose he misrepresented the
facts by leaving out well-known circumstances, a
method, Schmieder opines, not conducive to the
truth. Fictuld is somewhat at a loss to know how
to value his book, for while on one hand the
author absolutely denies the art and rejects every
witness, adducing much evidence in support of this
position, and so tries to overturn it, on the other
hand he lets it be understood that he firmly believes
that it may be true. Fictuld, in the most charitable
way, tries to lift him as gently as possible from
such a perilous position on the fence, but after all
he cannot get over the contradiction, for there is
never any uncertainty in Fictuld's own opinions,
Leipziger Sammlung, 1744, Stiick n, pp. 1014-
1016 ; Stiick 13, pp. 27-54, 123-139.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 23.
Joh. Christian Wiegleb, Historisch-kritische
Untersuchung der Alchemic, Weimar, 1777, pp.
376, 377-378.
Kortum verteidiget die Alchimie, 1789, p. 91
(quotes Wegner as the author of ' Adeptus Ineptus ').
and he therefore finally decides that the book is a
frightful slander.
Wiegleb, less particular or less critical, put it in
his list of books against alchemy without demur,
and, indeed, considered it the most thorough and
conclusive of all the refutations of the alchemical
doctrines.
The 'Schau-Platz,' on the other hand, consists
of a series of dissertations on superstitious beliefs
of all kinds, which would now come properly under
Folk-lore, such as : Fatality accompanying names,
numbers, and times, astrology, birth-places,
weather prophecies, prodigies, omens, comets,
darkness, wonderful rain, thunder and lightning,
floods, spirits, guardian angels, ghosts, cobolds and
nixies, vampyres, necromancy, treasure digging,
the incubus, changelings, nightmare, elflocks, pro-
phecies, oracles, dreams, trial by fire and by water,
power of characters and signs, Cabbala, incantation,
were-wolves, magical diseases, transference of dis-
eases, and so on.
Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Kosen-
kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 81.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832,
P- 540-
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Owaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1693 ('Schau-Platz'; gives the
author's name as G. Wilh. Wagner).
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 355.
THEATRUM.
Theatri Alchymistico-Medici. Breve & jucundum Spectaculum agentibus
binis in scenam Personis Medico in humilitate Curioso, & Alchimista in
curiositate Fastuoso; observantibus Jona Zelatore, & Lucido Pamphilo
curiosis duobus mundi litterarii peregrinis defoecatae passionis Sapientibus
communicatum.
No date (1682), place (' Pragse ' ?), or printer (University Press?).
8°. Pp. [32].
This is one of the tracts in the Dobrzensky-Rain discussion.
436
THEATRUM
THEATRUM. Continued.
Threatrum Chemicum, prgecipuos selectorum auctorum Tractatus de Chemise
et Lapidis Philosophic! antiquitate, veritate, jure, prsestantia, & operationibus,
continens: In gratiam Verae Chemise, & medicinae Chemicse studiosorum
(ut qui uberrimam inde optimorum remediorum messem facere poterunt)
congestum, & in Sex partes seu volumina digestum; Singulis voluminibus,
suo Auctorum et Librorum Catalogo primis pagellis : rerum verb & verborum
Indice postremis annexe. Volumen Primum. Argentorati, Sumptibus
Heredum Eberh. Zetzneri M.DC.LIX.
8°. Pp. 794. Index [30]. Woodcuts in the text.
. . . Volumen Secundum.
8°. Pp. 549. Index [7], i folding table. Woodcuts in the text.
. . . Volumen Tertium.
8°. Pp. 859. Index [13]. i folding table. Woodcuts in the text.
. . . Volumen Quartum.
8°. Pp. [8] 1014. Index [33] [i blank]. 4 folding tables. Woodcuts in the text.
. . . Volumen Quintum, M.DC.LX.
8°. Pp. [8] 912. Index [29, 3 blank]. A woodcut in the text.
Theatri Chemici Volumen Sextum, Theologis, Medicis, et tarn Vulgaribus quam
Hermeticae, Chemise Studiosis utilissimum, Praecipuos Selectorum Auctorum huius
Seculi Tractatus de Chemia & Lapidis Philosophic! Antiquitate, veritate Jure pras-
stantia & operationibus continens, ex Germanica & Gallica lingua in Latinam
translatum per Johannem Jacobum Heilmannum Bipontino-Palatinum M.D. Argen-
torati, Sumptib. Haeredum Eberbardi Zetzneri, M.DC.LXI.
8°. Pp. [18] 772 [25, i blank]. Woodcuts in the text.
It contains the following :
VOL. I.
Robertus Vallensis. De veritate & antiquitate
artis Chemicas & pulveris sive Medicinse philo-
sophorum vel auri potabilis, testimonia& theoremata
ex variis auctoribus, p. 7.
Libellus qui Testamentum Arnaldi a Villa Nova
inscribitur, p. 28.
Johannes Chrysippus Fanianus. De Arte metal-
licae metamorphoseos, p. 33.
— De Jure Artis Alchemiae, hoc est, variorum
authorum & prsesertim lurisconsultorum judicia &
responsa ad qusestionem quotidianam, An Alchimia
sit ars legitima, p. 48.
Thomas Mufett. Dialogus Apologeticus de jure
& prasstantia Chemicorum Medicamentorum, p. 70.
— Epistolae quinque medicinales, p. 89.
Theobaldus de Hoghelande Mittelburgensis. De
Alchemiae difficultatibus, p. 109.
Gerardus Dorneus. Clavis totius philosophise
chemisticae per quam potissima philosophorum
dicta reserantur, p. 192.
— Liber Naturae luce physica ex Genesi desumta
in quo continetur, Physica Genesis (p. 333), Physica
Hermetis Trismegisti, Tabula Smaragdina (p. 362),
Physica Trithemii (p. 388), Philosophia Meditativa
(p. 399), Philosophia Chemica (p. 418), p. 326.
— Tractatus Alter. De Tenebris contra naturam
et vita brevis, p. 457 ; de Duello animi cum corpore,
p. 472 ; de Lapidum preciosorum structura, p. 485.
— Congeries Paracelsicoe Chemise de transmuta-
tionibus metallorum, p. 491.
— Genealogia Miueralium atque metallorum om-
nium, p. 568.
Bernardus G. Penotus. De vera prseparatione &
usu Medicamentorum Chemicorum, Tractatus
varii, p. 592.
Precatio Raymundi Lullii ante medicinarum
exhibitionem, p. 682.
Bernardus Trevisanus. De Chemico miraculo,
quod lapidem philosophiae appellant [sive De
Alchemia Liber], p. 683.
Dionysius Zacharias. Opusculum philosophise
naturalis metallorum, p. 710.
Annotata quasdam ex Nicolao Flamello, p. 748.
Aliae quaedam annotationes ex variis auctoribus,
P- 754-
Collectanea ex Democrito, p. 776.
Summaria Declaratio eorum, quae dicta sunt
hactenus ex Democrito, per aenigmata, p. 792.
VOL. II.
Bernardus G. Penotus. Praefatio, p. 4.
Gaston Claveus. Apologia Chrysopoeise &
Argyropceiae ad versus Thomam Erastum, p. 6.
Bernardus G. Penotus. Prasfatio, p. 81.
/Egydius de Vadis. Dialogus inter naturam et
filium Philosophise, p. 85.
Tabula, diversorum Metallorum vocabula, quibus
usi sunt veteres ad artem celandam, explicans. To
face p. 109.
Georgius Ripleus. Duodecim portarum Epi-
tome, duobus modis concinnata (also called
Axiomata Philosophica), p. 109.
Albertus Magnus. Compendium, De ortu &
metallorum materia, supra quam Spagyricus
radicalia principia fundet, p. 123.
THEATRUM
437
THEATRUM. Continued.
Isaac Hollandus. Fragnientum de opere philo-
sophorum, p. 126.
Bernardus G. Penotus. Quoestiones tres de cor-
porali Mercuric, An arte ex corporibus perfectis
extractus, suo corpori commixtus facial ad genera-
tionem lapidis physici, sicut est quorundam firma
opinio, p. 129.
— Quinquaginta septem Canones de opere Phy-
sico, quibus ars dilucidior fit, p. 133.
— Vera Mercurii ex auro extractio cum sua
historia, p. 137.
— Chrysorrhoas, sive de Arte Chemica Dialogus,
P- 139-
Josephus Quercetanus. Ad Jacob! Auberti
Vendonis de ortu & causis metallorum Epistolam
conviciatoriam responsio, p. 150.
Joannes Dee. Monas Hieroglyphica, p. 192.
Laurentius Ventura. De Ratione conficiendi
Lapidis philosophici Liber, p. 215.
Joannes Franc. Picus Mirandulanus. Opus
Aureum de Auro, p. 312.
Rogerius Bacho. De Alchemia Libellus cui
titulum fecit Speculum Alchemiae, p. 377.
Richardus Anglicus. Libellus utilissimus Ilepi
X?7/Ae/as, Cui titulum fecit Correctorium, p. 385.
Libellus Alius IIe/>2 Xij/xe/aj ultissimus, et
rerum metallicarum cognitione refertissimus,
Rosarius Minor inscriptus, incerti quidem sed
harum tamen rerum non imperiti Auctoris, p.
406.
Albertus Magnus. De Alchemia, p. 423.
Joannes Augustinus Pantheus. Ars & Theoria
transmutationis metallicae, cum Voarchadumia,
numeris & iconibus rei accommodis illustrata,
P- 459-
VOL. III.
De magni lapidis compositione & operatione liber,
also called De Alchemia Incerti Authoris, p. 5.
De eadem Materia Capita aliquot, also called
De Lapide Philosophico, p. 53.
Aristoteles. De Perfecto Magisterio, p. 76.
Arnaldus.de Villanova. Liber Perfecti Magisterii,
qui lumen luminum nuncupatur. Vocatur etiam
Flos florum, p. 128.
— Practica, ex libro dicto Breviarius librorum Al-
chemiae, p. 137.
— De Decoctione Lapidis Philosophorum, et de
regimine ignis, p. 137.
Efferarius. De Lapide Philosophorum secundum
verum modum formando, p. 143.
— Thesaurus Philosophiae, p. 151.
Raymundus Lullius. Praxis universalis magni
operis, p. 165.
Odomar. Practica, p. 166.
De Argento in Aurum verso, p. 170.
De Marchasita, p. 173.
De Arsenico, p. 177.
Praeparatio salis Armoniaci secundum Rasim, p.
179.
De Sale Alkali, p. 180.
Quaestio an lapis Philosophorum valeat contra
pestem, p. 181.
Vetus epistola de metallorum materia & artis
imitatione, p. 187.
Practica Caravantis Hispani, p. 188.
Joannes de Rupescissa. Liber de confectione
veri lapidis philosophorum, p. 189.
Joannes Aurelius Augurellus. Chrysopceia car-
mine conscripta, p. 197.
Thomas Aquinas. Secreta Alchemiae Magnalia :
de corporibus superccelestibus, quod in rebus
inferioribus inveniantur, quoque modo extrahantur,
p. 267.
Thomas Aquinas. De Lapide Minerali, animali
& plantali, tractatus, p. 276.
— Thesaurus Alchemiae secretissimus ad fratrem
Reinaldum, p. 278.
Joannes de Rupescissa. Liber Lucis, p. 284.
Raymundus Lullius. Clavicula & Apertorium,
P- 295.
Joannes Isaac Hollandus. Opera Mineralia,
sive de Lapide Philosophico omnia, p. 304.
Ewaldus Vogelius. Liber de Lapidis physici con-
ditionibus ; quo abditissimorum Auctorum Gebri &
Raymundi Lullii methodica continetur explicatio,
P- SiS-
Justus a Balbian. Tractatus Septem de Lapide
Philosophico, p. 649.
Jodocus Greverus (Grewer). Secretum, p. 699.
Alanus. Dicta de Lapide Philosophico, p. 722.
Conclusio summaria ad intelligentiam Testamenti
seu Codicilli Raymundi Lullij, et aliorum librorum
ejus ; nee non argenti vivi, in quo pendet intentio
tota intentiva, qua aliter Repertorium Raymundi
appellatur, p. 730.
Joannes Pontauus. Epistola in qua de lapide
quern Philosophorum vocant, agitur, p. 734.
Nicolaus Barnaud. Commentariolum in quod-
dam Epitaphium [M\\a Laelia Crispis] Bononias
studiorum, ante multa secula marmoreo lapidi in-
sculptum, p. 744. [Compare iv. p. 805.]
— Processus Chemici aliquot, p. 755.
Lambspringk. De Lapide Philosophico libellus,
P- 765-
Philosophus Gallus Delphinas Anonymus. Liber
secret! maximi totius mundanae gloriae, p. 774.
Extractum ex Cimbalo Aureo, antiquissimo
libro manuscripto, ad rem nostram faciens, p. 781.
Arcanum Philosophorum, p. 783.
Nicolaus Barnaud. Brevis Elucidatio illius Ar-
cani Philosophorum, p. 784. [The tracts from
Lambspringk's constitute the work called Triga
chemica, edited by BARNAUD, q.v,\
Nicolaus Barnaud. Quadriga Aurifera, p. 790.
It contains the following :
Tractatus de philosophia Metallorum, p. 791.
Ripleus. Liber Duodecim Portarum, p. 797.
Ripleus. Liber de Mercurio et Lapide Philoso-
phorum, p. 821.
Scriptum [anonymi] . . . Elixir Solis Theo-
phrasti Paracelsi tractans, p. 828.
(P. 832). Here is inserted a folding table
entitled Coelum Philosophicum.
— Auriga Chemicus sive Theosophiae Palmarium,
p. 834.
— De Oculta Philosophia Epistola, p. 852.
— Dicta Sapientum, p. 857.
VOL. IV.
Raymundus Lullius. Theoria & Practica, pp. i
and 135.
Plates, pp. 150 and 156.
Raymundus Lullius. Compendium animae trans-
mutationis artis Metallorum Ruperto Anglorum
Regi transmissum, p. 171.
Artefius. Clavis majoris sapientiae, p. 198.
Heliophilus a Percis. Philochemicus Philo-
chemicis, Nova Disquisitio de Helia Artista, p. 214.
— Nova disquisitio super metallorum transfor-
matione, p. 220. Compare p. 300.
Hieronymus de Zanetinis. Conclusio & compro-
batio Alchymiae, qua dispositioni & argumentis
Angeli respondetur, p. 247.
Thomas Arsoncinus. De jure Alchymiae respon-
sum, p. 248.
Latin and German verses, p. 252.
438
THEATRUM
THEATRUM. Continued.
Nicolaus Niger Happelius. Cheiragogia Heliana
de Auro philosophico, nee dum cognito, p. 265.
Wenceslaus Lavinus Moravus. Tractatus de
Ccelo terrestri, p. 288.
Nicolaus Niger Happelius. Disquisitio Heliana,
p. 300. [This is a repetition of the ' Nova Disqui-
sitio,' p. 220. ]
Nicolaus Niger Happelius. Aphorismi Basiliani
sive Canones Hermetici de Spiritu, Anima et Cor-
pore medio Majoris & Minoris Mundi, p. 327.
Andreas Brentzius. Variarum Philosophorum
Sententiarum perveniendi ad lapidem benedictum,
Collectanea, p. 333.
Bernardus G. Penotus. Epistola, p. 364.
Gaston Dulco. De triplici praeparatione Auri et
Argenti, p. 372.
Gaston Dulco. De recta et vera ratione pro-
gignendi lapidis Philosophici, seu salis Argentifici
& Aurifici, Tractatus duo, p. 388.
Gaston Dulco. Canones seu Regulae decem, de
Lapide Philosophico, p. 414.
Divi Leschi Genus Amo (Sendivogius). De
Lapide Philosophico Tractatus duodecim, p. 420.
Divi Leschi Genus Amo (Sendivogius). ^Enigma
Philosophorum, p. 442.
Divi Leschi Genus Amo (Sendivogius). Dialogus
Mercurii, Alchymistae et Naturae, p. 449.
Enigma Philosophorum sive Symbolum Saturni,
per Parabolas Azoth dilucide ostendens, p. 457.
Aureliae Occultae Philosophorum partes duae.
M. Georgio Beato Interprete, p. 462.
Tabula Smaragdina, p. 497.
Arnoldus de Villa Nova. Speculum Alchymiae,
P- SIS-
Arnoldus de Villa Nova. Carmen, p. 542.
Arnoldus de Villa Nova. Quaestiones tarn essen-
tiales quam accidentales ad Bonifacium Octavum,
P- 544-
Tractatus de secretissimo antiquorum Philoso-
phorum arcano, p. 554.
Propositions XXII. In quibus veritas totius
artis Chemiae brevissime comprehenditur, p. 577.
Joannes de Lasnioro. Tractatus aureus de
Lapide Philosophorum, p. 579.
Plate, p. 584.
Joannes Trithemius Abbas Spanheimensis. Trac-
tatus Chemicus nobilis, p. 585.
Hermes Trismegistus. Tractatus Aureus de
Lapidis Physici Secreto in cap. 7 divisus ; Nunc
ver6 a quodam Anonymo Scholiis illustratus
(cum Epistola dedicatoria et praefatione), p. 587.
David Lagneus. Harmonia seu Consensus Philo-
sophorum Chemicorum, p. 718.
Table, p. 748.
^Enigmaticum quoddam Epitaphium [^Elia Laelia
Crispis] Bononiae Studiorum, ante multa secula,
marmoreo lapidi insculptum, p. 805. [Compare
iii., p. 744.]
Arcanum Philosophorum, per virum doctissimum
olim versu hexametro conscriptum, p. 806.
Albertus Magnus. De Concordantia Philoso-
phorum in Lapide, p. 809.
Albertus Magnus. Compositum de Compositis,
p. 825.
Albertus Magnus. Liber Octo Capitulorum de
lapide philosophorum, p. 841.
Avicenna. Ad Hasen Regem Epistola de re
recta, p. 863.
Avicenna. Declaratio Lapidis Physici Filio suo
Aboali, p. 875.
Avicenna. De Congelatione et Conglutinatione
lapidum, p. 883.
Guilhelmus Tecenensis. Lilium de Spinis evul-
sum, p. 887.
Ortholanus. Practica vera Alkimica Parisiis pro-
bata et experta sub Anno Domini 1358, p. 912.
Lumen Juvenis Experti Novum, p. 934.
Valentinus. Opus Prasclarum ad utrumque.
Quod pro testamento dedit filio suo adoptivo, qui
etiam istum tractatulum propria manu scripsit
loanni Apot. , p. 941.
Tractatulus super haec verba : Studio namque
florenti, p. 955.
Opus ad Album, p. 957.
Thomas Aquinas. Liber lilii benedicti, p. 960.
Tractatulus super verba Mer fugi dum bibit,
p. 974.
Opus breve ad Rubeum cum sole per aquas
fortes, p. 984.
Petrus de Silento. Opus, p. 985.
Joachim Tanckius. Epistola, p. 998.
Tractatus Philosophicus ad Rubrum et Album,
p. 1001.
Paulus Eck de Sultzbach. Clavis Philosophorum,
p. 1007.
VOL. V.
Turba Philosophorum, p. i.
In turbam Philosophorum Sermo unus anonymi,
P- 52.
Allegoria Sapientum, & Distinctionesxxix. supra
librum Turbas, p. 57.
Tractatus Micreris suo discipulo Mirnefindo, p.
90.
Platonis libri Quartorum, seu Stellici, cum com-
mento Hebuhabes Hamed, explicati ab Hestole,
p. 101.
Regis Calid, filii lazichi Liber trium verborum,
p. 186.
Senioris Zadith, filii Hamuelis tabula chimica,
marginalibus adaucta, p. 191.
Guilielmi Mennens Antuerpiani Aurei velleris
libri tres, p. 240.
Consilium conjugii, seu de massa Solis & Lunae
libri tres, p. 429.
Petrus Bonus. Margarita Pretiosa Novella
correctissima, p. 507.
Michael Scotus. Quaestio Curiosa de Natura
Solis et Lunae, p. 713.
Lucas Rodargirus. Pisces Zodiaci inferioris vel
de Solutione Philosophica. Cum aenigmatica to-
tius Lapidis Epitome, p. 723.
Lucas Rodargirus. Chymia Compendiaria ad
Johannem Riturum, p. 763.
Alphonsi Regis Castellas, liber Philosophies
occultioris, praecipue metallorum, profundissimus,
cui titulum fecit Clavis Sapientiae, p. 766.
Aristoteles. Tractatus ad Alexandrum Magnum ,
De lapide Philosophico, p. 787.
Epistola Monachi cujusdam Benedictini ordinis,
de Lapide Philosophico, opuscula Platonis &
Arnold! Villanovani recensens, p. 799.
Thomas Aquinas. Tractatus sextus de esse et
essentia mineralium tractans, p. 806.
Cornelius Alvetanus Arnsrodius, de conficiendo
divino Elixire, sive lapide philosophico, p. 815.
\See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 501.]
Animadversiones Chimicse quatuor quibus ars
Trepi x*?Me'as universa, tarn practice quam theorice
enudatur, p. 821.
Epistola Fr. Rogerii Baconis, de secretis operibus
artis & naturae, & nullitate magiae, cum notis, p.
834-
De auro medico philosophorum Dialogus
Scholasticus Christophori Hornii, p. 869.
VOL. VI.
Blasii Vigenerii Tractatus de Igne et Sale, p. i.
Johannes Collesson. Idea Perfecta Philosophise
THEATRUM
439
THEATRUM. Continued.
Hermeticas, seu Abbreviatio Thepriaa & Praxeos
Lapidis Philosophic! observationibus aucta, pp.
140. 143.
Anonymi Philosophi Galli, Instructio Patns ad
filium de Arbore Solari, p. 163.
Christophori Parisiensis Elucidarius seu Artis
transmutatorias summa major cum appendice, p.
195-
Johannis Grassei Chortalassei dicti Area arcam
artificiosissimi de Summis naturae mysteriis, ex
Rustico majore et minore ejus constructa, p. 294.
Lilium inter Spinas, p. 323.
Cabala Chemica, p. 344.
Admonitio. De Via ad Aurum Potabile, p.
382.
Responsiones duae F. R. C. ad quosdam suos
Clientes, p. 393.
Orthelii Commentarius in novum Lumen
Chymicum Michaelis Sendivogii Poloni, XH. figuris
in Germania repertis illustratum, p. 397.
Orthelii Epilogus et Recapitulatio in Novum
Lumen Chymicum Sendivogii, p. 430.
Epistola Andreae de Blavven scripta ad Petrum
Andream Matthiolum in qua agitur de multiplici
auri potabilis parandi ratione, p. 458.
Discursus Orthelii de praecedente Epistola
Andreae de Blawen, p. 470.
Epistola Anonymi de principiis artis Hermeticae,
P- 474-
Expositio & Practica Lapidis Adrop, Collecta ex
Plinii Philosophi Libro qui intitulatur ; Aromaticum
Philosophorum Thesaurus & Secretum Secretorum,
P- 477-
Excerpta ex interlocutione Marias Prophetissae,
. . . habita cum aliquo Philosopho dicto Aros de
excellentissiino opere trium horarum, p. 479.
Orthelii Explicatio Verborum Marias Prophetissae,
p. 480.
Epistola Joannis Pontani in qua de Lapide quern
Philosophorum vocant agitur, p. 487.
Orthelii Commentatio in Epistolam Pontani, p.
489.
Epistola Haimonis de quatuor Lapidibus Philo-
sophicis materiam suam ex minori mundo desu-
mentibus, p. 497.
Epistola Cornelii Alvetani de conficiendo Divino
Elixire, sive Lapide Philosophico, p. 501.
[See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, V., p. 815.]
Astronomia inferior seu Planetarum terrestrium
motus & variatio, p. 507.
The THEATRUM CHKMicuM made its first ap-
pearance at Ursel, 1602, in four volumes, just a
century before the collection of Manget. It was
reissued at Strasburg in 1613, in four volumes ;
a fifth volume was added in 1622, after which came
the present edition of 1659-1661.
A list of the tracts in the first four volumes of the
'Theatrum Chemicum,' arranged alphabetically,
with those in Mangel's ' Bibliotheca in parallel
columns, was published by Fabricius. It is thus
possible to ascertain easily the writings which
occur in both collections, as well as those to be
found in only one of them. To complete the
survey the contents of the fifth and sixth volumes
of the ' Theatrum ' would require to be incorporated
with Fabricius' list.
Collections of alchemical tracts by various
authors were made at a comparatively early
period, for the Greek manuscripts which remain
consist of treatises by different persons, varying
in number from four to forty-three. A similar
fashion seems to have been followed in the four-
teenth century, when works translated from
Summa rhytmorum Germanicorum de Opere
Universali ex coelo soloque prodeunte, p. 511.
Summa Libri qui vocatur Gloria, mundi, seu
tabula PaTadisi, p. 513.
Opus singulare procedens ex Sale quodam Cen-
trali astherep, resoluto in igne minerali terreno, seu
oleo vitrioli, quod cum Tinctura Solis extracta
fermentatur, & externo igne Solympico aut igne
radiorum Solis invisibili coquitur & maturatur. Ex
Theophrasto redivivo Michaelis Pezelii circa finem,
p. 518.
Sententia aut Compositio Litis Spiritus et Judicis
Mercurii. Ex vetusto scripto Bellum seu Duellum
equestre vocato, ad accusationem & responsionem
Solis & Martis, per picturas reprassenta (sic), p. 519.
[This is a translation of the ' Urtheil oder Ver-
gleichung . . ."in Sendivogius, Lumen Chymicum
Novum; Epilogus Orthelii, 1624, p. 227 (q.v.).]
Summa rhytmorum parvorum Gerraanicorutn,
qui sunt ejusdem tenoris & sensus cum praece-
dentibus picturis, ad verbum expressa, p. 521.
Mystermm occultae naturae Anonymi Discipuli
Johannis Grassei Chortalassei dicti, p. 523.
Guidonis Magni de Monte Philosophi Graeci
Discipuli Anonymi tractatulus, seu descriptio
Philosophici Adrop, ejusque praeparatio, p. 543.
DeOvo Philosophorum, p. 565.
Johannes Isaac Hollandus. Tractatus de Urina
quomodo per spiritum ejus omnes Tincturae sint
extrahendas, p. 566.
Johannis Chartieri Scientia Plumbi sacri Sapien-
tum seu cognitio, rararum potestatum & virtutum
Antimonii, p. 569.
Joachimi Polemanni Novum Lumen Medicum
de Mysterio Sulphuris Philosophorum, p. 600.
Solini Saltzthal Regiomontani, de potentissima
Philosophorum medicina Universali Discursus,
P- 675.
Solini Saltzthal Brevis descriptio admirandae
Virtutis et Operationis summae Medicinae Lapis
Philosophorum dictas, 694.
Solini Saltzthal Discursus de philosophico fonte
salino, p. 704.
Tabula Smaragdina seu verba Secretorum Her-
metis, p. 715.
Henrici de Rochas tractatus de observationibus
novis et vera cognitione aquarum mineralium, et de
illarum qualitatibus & virtutibus antehac incognitis.
Et de Spiritu Universali, p. 716.
Eastern originals were gathered together. A
manuscript of such a collection is referred to by
Wood Brown, and it is quite possible, as he
suggests, that such manuscripts were laid under
contribution by the editors of the printed col-
lections which we now possess. There is, there-
fore, some ground for believing that, while the
greater part of the ' Theatrum Chemicum ' is
recent, a tract here and there may belong to the
time when alchemy was first introduced into
Europe.
The earliest of the quite modern collections is
probably that entitled : ' De Alchemia,' Norim-
bergae, 1541, containing the tracts of Geber and
others, of which a new edition appeared in 1545.
Then came another: 'De Alchemia Opuscula,'
Francoforti, 1550, after which was Gratarolo's big
gathering in 1561, reprinted in part by Perna at
Basel, in 1572. This same year Perna published
another volume called 'Auriferas Artis . . .
Authores,' which was reprinted by Waldkirch at
Basel in 1593, a new edition appearing there in
1610 (q.v.). The Ars Aurifera was translated into
440 THEATRUM
THEATRUM. Continued.
German by Morgenstern, and printed at Basel in new French collection by Richebourg in 1740, and
1613. The French collection, by Sieur S., appeared a reprint of the German in 1750.
in 1672-78 ; Salmon's, of half-a-dozen tracts, in These are the most comprehensive collections,
English, in 1692 ; Mangel's ' Bibliotheca ' in 1702, but there were a good many others containing
followed by Horlacher's abridgement in 1707 ; a from two to seven or more tracts. An enumeration
of these is made by Kopp.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 217 (1613 \^ccia%\\s.,BibliothequeOuvarofftSciences Secretes^
edition in five volumes). 1870, No. 603.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grceca, Hamburg!, 1724, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 341.
xii. pp. 714-723. J. Wood Brown, An Enquiry into the Life and
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Legend of Michael Scot ', 1897, pp. 76-77.
pp. 585 (edition of 1602), 596 (editions of 1613-22,
1658-61).
Theatrum Sympatheticum, in quo Sympathiae Actiones variae, singulares &
admirandae tarn Macro- qukm Microcosmicse exhibetur, & Mechanice, Physice,
Mathematice, Chimice & Medice, occasione Pulveris Sympathetici, ita quidem
elucidantur, ut illarum agendi vis & modus, sine qualitatum occultarum,
animaeve Mundi, aut spiritus astralis Magnive Magnalis, vel aliorum Com
entariorum subsidio ad oculum pateat. Opusculum lectu jucundum &
utilissimum ; Digbaei, Papinii, Helmontii, aliorumque recentiorum scriptorum
prolata exhibens & trutinans, atque ipsius Pulveris Sympathetici germanam
& optimam descriptionem simul exponens. Norimbergae Impensis Job.
And. & Wolffg. Jun. Endterorum haered. Anno M.DC.LX.
12°. Pp. [22, folding frontispiece included] 377 [3 of errata] [4 blank, i of errata,
i blank].
Kenelmus Digbaeus. Oratio de Pulvere sym- Nicolaus Papiuius. Dissertatio de Pulvere Sym-
pathetico, p. i. pathico, p. 253.
Laurentius Straussius. Epistola ad Comitem Erycius Mohyus. Pulvis Sympatheticus, p. 336.
Dygbaeum, p. 193.
[Another Copy.]
Wants the engraved frontispiece, and p. 91 damaged.
Theatrum Sympatheticum, In quo Sympathiae Actiones variae, singulares &
admirandae tarn Macro- quam Microcosmicae exhibentur, & Mechanice,
Physice, Mathematice, Chimice & Medice, occasione Pulveris Sympathetici,
ita quidem elucidantur, ut illarum agendi vis & modus, sine qualitatum
occultarum, animaeve Mundi, aut spiritus astralis Magnive Magnalis, vel
aliorum Commentariorum subsidio ad oculum pateat. Opusculum lectu
jucundum & utilissimum ; Digbaei, Papinii, Helmontii, aliorumque recentiorum
scriptorum prolata exhibens & trutinans, atque ipsius Pulveris Sympathetici
germanam & optimam descriptionem simul exponens. Editio altera, priori
emendatior. Amstelaedami, Impensis Thomae Fontani, Typographi, 1661.
12°. Pp. [12] 259 [i blank].
Kenelmus Digbseus. Oratio de Vulnerum per Nicolaus Papinius. De Pulvere Sympathico
Pulverem Sympatheticum Sanatione, p. i. Dissertatio, p. 173.
Laurentius Straussius. Epistola ad Digbaeum, Erycius Mohyus. Pulvis Sympatheticus, p. 231.
p. 131.
THEATRUM Sympatheticum Auctum, exhibens Varies Authores. De Pulvere
Sympathetico quidem : Digbaeum, Straussium, Papinium, et Mohyum. De
THE A TR UM— THEOBALD US
441
THEATRUM. Continued.
Unguento verb Armario : Goclenium, Robertum, Helmontium, Robertum
Fluddum, Beckerum, Borellum, Bartholinum, Servium, Kircherum, Matthseum
Sennertum, Wechtlerum, Nardium, Freitagium, Conringium, Burlinum,
Fracastorium, et Weckerum. Prsemittitur his Sylvestri Rattray, Aditus ad
Sympathiam et Anti-Pathiam. Editio Novissima, correctior, auctior, multisq;
parasangis melior. Norimbergae, Apud Johan. Andream Endterum, &
Wolfgang! Junioris Heredes. Anno M.DCLXII.
4°. Pp. [8] 722 [42]. Title red and black,
identical with the frontispiece of the 1660 edition.
An engraving on p. 125, which is
Sylvester Rattray. Aditus Novus ad occultas
Sympathize et Antipathias causas inveniendas : Per
Principia Philosophise naturalis, ex Fermentorum
artificiosa Anatomia hausta, patefactus, p. i.
Kenelmus Digbseus. Oratio de Pulvere Sym-
pathetico, p. 72.
Kenelmus Digbaeus. Explicatio tituli aenei,
p. 125.
Laurentius Straussius. Epistola ad Dygbaeum,
P. 127.
Nicolaus Papinius. De Pulvere Sympathico
Dissertatio, p. 143.
Erycius Mohyus. Pulvis Sympatheticus, p. 165.
Rodolphus Goclenius. Tractatus de Magnetica
Vulnerum Curatione [sive de Unguento Armario],
citra ullam superstitionem, dolorem, & remedii
etiam applicationem, p. 177.
Joannes Roberti. Tractatus Novi de Magnetica
Vulnerum Curatione Autore D. Rodolpho Goclenio
. . . Brevis Anatome, p. 226.
Rodolphus Goclenius. Synarthrosis Magnetica,
opposita infaustae Anatomiae Job. Roberti, . . .
pro Defensione Tractatus, De magnetica vulnerum
curatione, p. 237.
Joannes Roberti. Goclenius Heautontimoru-
menos : id est : Curationis Magneticae, & Unguenti
Armarii Ruina, p. 309.
Joannes Baptista Helmontius. De Magnetica
vulnerum curatione. Disputatio contra opinionem
Joan. Roberti, p. 457.
Robertus Fluddus de Fluctibus. Discursus de
Unguento Armario, p. 507.
Daniel Beckerus. De Unguento Armario, p. 514.
Petrus Borellus. De Curationibus Sympatheticis,
p. 526.
Thomas Bartholinus. De Transplantatione
Morborum, p. 528.
Petrus Servius. Dissertatio de Unguento Ar-
mario sive de Naturae Artisque Miraculis, p. 532.
Athanasius Kircherus. Sententia de Unguento
Armario ex libro in. ejusdem de Arte Magnetica
desumpta, p. 567.
Joannes Matthaeus. Enodatio Quaestionis : An
armorum Unguentum, ad curanda vulnera, nee
visa nee tractata aliquid conferat, p. 573.
Daniel Sennertus. De Unguento Armario, p. 585.
Joannes Conradus Wechtler. De Unguenti
Armarii difficultatibus, p. 598.
Joannes Nardius. De Prodigiosis Vulnerum
Curationibus, p. 605.
Joannes Freitagius. De Unguento Armario,
p. 609.
Hermannus Conringius. De Morborum remediis
Magicis & Unguento Armario, p. 613.
Jacobus Biirlein. Disputatio Medica De Pernicioso
Paracelsistarum Hoplochrismate, p. 624.
Hieronymus Fracastorius. De Sympathia & Anti-
pathia rerum, liber unus.p. 650.
H ieronymus Weckerus. Dissertatio Philosophico-
Medica, De Paracelsistarum Unguento Armario,
sub praesidio Jphan. Georgii Pelshoferi . . . publico
examini exposita Wittenbergae, ... d. 23 Junii,
1630, p. 705.
THEOBALDUS (ZACHARIAS).
Arcana Naturae das ist : Sonderliche geheimnus der Natur, so wol aus glaub-
wirdigen Autoribus, als aus aigner erfahrung zusamen getragen durch Wey-
land den Ehrwiirdigen vnd wolgelerten Herren M. Zachariam Theobaldum
Pfarrern zum Kraffts-hof. Nurnberg.
4°. Pp. [16] 177 [4, i blank]. Colophon : Gedruckt zu Niirnberg, bey Ludwig
Lochnern, In verlegung Achatij Hillings, Burgern vnd Materialisten in Niirnberg.
[Device.] Ira Jahr Chnsti M.DC.XXVIII. The title is symbolical and is engraved
entirely by Lucas Kilian, 1627. Portrait of the author on p. [16], ^£tat. xxxvii. in 1621.
There are two authors of this name, distinguished
by some — one as the historical writer, the other as
of Nurnberg. They may, for convenience, be
called senior and junior.
The present work, which is referred to by Freher,
Witte, Dufresnoy, and others, was written by the
historian. He was born at Schlackenwald, in
Bohemia, 29 March, 1584, was Phil. Magister, was
chaplain to the camp at Pilsen, and afterwards
pastor at the village of Krafftshof, or Kraftshoff,
near Niirnberg, He had been appointed to tfie
professorship of mathematics at Altdorf, but died in
1627, before he was able to enter on the office.
He was in the forty-third year of his age, which
tallies with the date of his portrait in the present
work.
His works include a chronology of the Bohemian
Church, a history of the Hussite Wars, Frankfurt,
1621, 4°, Breslau, 1750, 4°, ' well worth reading,'
with a life of John Huss ; a tract on the Anabaptists ;
442
THEOBALD US— THEOPHIL US
THEOB ALDUS (ZACH ARIAS). Continued.
a paraphrase of Aristotle's books De prima philo-
sophia ; De Visione Dei beatifica ; Sponsa Salo-
monis ; and others. The present work was pub-
lished the year after his death, which explains the
word ' weyland ' employed in the title.
The other person of this name may have been
some connection of the historian. He is known by
the following edition of the work of Caspar Bru-
schius : Caspari Bruschii Redivivi Griindliche
Beschreibung des Fichtel-Berges . . . Auf ein neues
iibersehen, und mil einem niitzlichen Register
vermehrt durch M. Zachariam Theobaldum juni-
orem. The preface is by George Scheurer, published
at Niirnberg, 1683, who alludes to an earlier
edition of Bruschius' work. To this edition is
added, pp. 95-100, a tract in Latin : De Halitu
Minerali quern Metalici vocant den Schwaden.
Authore M. Zacharia Theobaldo juniore. It was
translated into German, with remarks, by Johann
Gottlob Lehmann : M. Zacharias Theobalds,
Kurtze Abhandlung von Schwaden, oder denen
giftigen Wettern in Bergwercken, Dresden und
Wolfg. Kriiger, Catalogus et Historologia Mille
Virorum . . . illustrium. Das ist : Kurtze und
Historische verzeichnifs, &c., Erffurdt, 1616, f. 54,
recto (Casparus Bruschius).
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, p.
299 a.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 429; portrait, plate No. 21 (the present
work is mentioned).
Witte, Diarii biographici Tomus Sectindus,
Rigae, 1691, Anno 1627, p. 34.
Fabricius, Historiae Bibliothecae Fabricianae
Pars V., 1722, pp. 246, 540.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermltique, 1742, iii. p. 308 ('Arcana naturae,'
1628).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xliii. col. 661.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1093.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
p. 566.
Leipzig, 1750, 4°, pp. 46 [2 blank]. In his preface,
Lehmann says that he could not discover anything
about the author. But in the section upon
Schlackenwald in Bruschius' book, where Bruschius
calls himself a native of that place, Theobaldus
adds, p. 38 : ' und an diesem Ort will ich, M. Zach.
Theobaldus, auch das Lob der Schlackenwalder-
ischen Metallen nicht verschweigen,' which looks
as if he, too, had a special interest in the place,
whether he was born there or not, or whether
the historian was a relation or not.
Caspar Bruschius, alluded to here, was born
19 Aug., 1518, at Schlackenwald, was educated at
Eger, and was murdered in a wood called Schillings
Bach, between Rothenberg o. T. and Windsheim,
15 Nov., 1559, in his forty-second year. The person
who shot him was never discovered.
Bruschius' work on the Fichtelberg was first
published in 1542, and, according to Horawitz,
Theobaldus' edition is a paraphrase of the original,
with omissions and interpolations by the editor.
He tells us nothing about Theobaldus.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 71. (This
is Theobaldus, junior, for it is the treatise on sub-
terranean vapours which he quotes).
Bougind, Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar-
geschichte, 1790, ii. p. 667, (History of the Hussite
war).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 567
(' Arcana Naturse ') ; 1798, ii. p. 719 ('Abhandlung
von Schwaden,' Dresden und Leipzig, 1750, 4°).
(Gmelin indicates no distinction between the two
authors. )
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 300 (Lehmann's edition of the 'Trac-
tatus de vaporibus Subterraneis,' 1750, and there-
fore of Theobaldus, junior).
Adalbert Horawitz, Caspar Bruschius. Ein
Beitrag zur Geschichte des Humanismus und der
Reformation, Herausgegeben vom Vereine filr
Geschichte der Deutschen in Bohmen. Prag und
Wien, 1874, 8°, pp. 55-62 (refers to Theobaldus,
junior).
THEOPHILUS.
Mineralogia, oder der Philosopher! deutliche Erklarung, und wohl-gegriindetes
Urtheil, iiber das Eroffnete Grab der Armuth. Sambt einem aufsfuhrlichen
Bericht, von der Transmutation oder Verwandlung der Metallen, in Lateinisch-
Teutsch- und Frantzosischer Sprach. Und dem grossen Werck der Philoso-
phen. Zuletzt wird das vor einigen Jahren spargirte Ratzel : Ich bin
weder Geschopff noch ein Schopffer, und niemahls unter den Lebendigen
gesehen worden, &c., &c. More Philosophicorum Sufficienter Expliciret.
Franckfurt am Mayn, Gedruckt vnd zu finden bey Johannes Kollner, 1703.
8°. Pp. [46] 466.
The address to the reader is by Theophilus.
The book contains the French text of Le
It is the 1706 reissue of this work which is men-
tioned by Leupold. He also ascribes to this
Tombeau de la Pauvrett, with a German trans- same author another work : ' De Metallis,' Hafnias,
lation in parallel columns, p. i.
1614, 4° ; and ' De Metallis, cum Q. Q. aliquot
^Enigma, in welchem der Procefs angedeutet cum fodinse in Norwegia argenti essent inventae,'
wird, p. 457 ; Ratzel, p. 458.
Hafnias, 1624, 4°, if these be different.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallic^, 1732, p. 141.
THEOPHILUS—THEORIA 443
THEOPHILUS. Continued.
Mineralogia, oder Chymischer Schliissel, das ist : Kurtzer Bericht, wie man
aller Metallen und Mineralien Natur und Eigenschafft auff das leichteste
erkundigen und erforschen solle ; Auch wird ein naher Weg zu dem Universal
zu gelangen gewiesen und dargethan ; Zuletzt wird das spargirte Ratzel : Ich
bin weder Geschopff noch ein Schopffer, &c. auff Philosophische Art deutlich
erklaret, vorgestellet von Theophilo. Franckfurt, In Verlegung Job. Ziegers,
Buchhandlers in Niirnberg. Anno 1706.
8°. Pp. [46] 466.
This is not a second edition of the preceding, but stituted. All the rest is identical in the two copies
a reissue of it, the first sheet, )(, being cancelled so far as I have examined them,
and a new one with a different title being sub-
THEOPHRASTUS PARACELSUS.
See PARACELSUS.
THEORETISCH praktisches Handbuch der hohern Chimie, in welchem alle
zu wissen nothige Lehrsaze der Philosophen sistematisch vorgetragen und
mit niitzlichen Erlauterungen versehen sind ; Herausgegeben von einem
Liebhaber und Schiiler der geheimen Weisheit. Hof, der Vierlingischen
Buchhandlung, 1784.
8°. Pp. [6] 271 (for 263) [i blank]. Vignette.
THEORETISCH und praktischer Wegweiser zur hohern Chemie. Ausgefertiget
von einem Liebhaber der geheimen Physik und chemisch-physikalischer
Wahrheiten. Brefslau und Leipzig, bey Christian Friedrich Gutsch, 1773.
8°. Pp. [18] 206.
The contents are as follows : Astronomia inferior, seu planetarum terrestrium
Griindliche Beschreibung von denen Particular- motus et variatio, p. 133.
und Universal-Tincturen, N. de Tr. E. ad S. Georgii Phaedronis RodocherichymischerTractat
Michael, Anno 1590, p. i. vom Stein der Weisen. Aus eigner Erfahrung
(These initials stand for Nobilis de Trautmanns- geschrieben, und in zween Theilen, da im ersten
dorff, Eremita ad S. Michael. ) Theil Theoria, im andern Practica, enthalten ist.
De Via Universali, wie sowohl im trocknen Wege, von ihm selbst also verfasset, p. 141.
als auch im nassen Wege die grofse Mineral-Tinctur (This is the theoretical part only, with an
zu erlangen, p. 67. appendix. )
Friedrich Galli Reise nach der Einode Saint The preface, signed 'Anonymus Venantius,'
Michael, und wie er sich daselbst Anno 1602, mit gives some notes upon these writings and their
einem Adepto in Unterredung eingelassen, p. 121. authors.
THEORIA & Practica Arboris Aureae & Argenteae. Anno M.DC.XXIV.
8°. Pp. [2] 77 (misprinted 78) [i blank].
On the verso of the title-leaf is a sort of second or amplified title :
Arbor Avrea das ist, Guldener Baum von der rechten vnd wahren Materia des
gebenedeyten Philosophischen Steins der Weisen sampt seiner Theorica vnd Practica,
darinnen aufsfuhrlichen begriffen vnd gelehret wird, von den grossen Schatz allhie auff
Erden, nemlichen von der Transmutation , vnd verenderung der Metallen, vnd von der
hochsten Medicin oder Artzeney defs Menschlichen Leibes : Auch ob solcher Schatz
zuerlangen mtiglich sey oder nicht, Also dafs sich aufs einem theil nicht allein 100.
sondern auch 1000 vnd etliche vnzeliche theil augmentiren vnd gebehren solte oder
konte, wie aufs nachfolgenter Theorica vnd Practica nach der lenge ferner zuvernehmen,
vnd zubefinden, beschrieben vnd mit fleifs zusammen bracht aufs den wahren
Philosophis.
This was reprinted with alterations in 1787. See the next entry.
444 THEORIE— THESAURUS MUNDI
THEORIE (Die) und Praktik des Gold-und Silber-Baums von einem ungenannten
Philosophen. Neue von den Sprach- und Druckfehlern gesauberte Auflage.
Frankfurt und Leipzig, 1787.
8°. Pp. 76 [4 blank].
This is practically a reprint of the preceding wagen Antimonii by Basilius Valentinus there
book. Misled by its Latin title Ladrague calls it occurs in a fragmentary form the Praktik without
a translation of the Theoria et Practica, which, the 'Theoria,' and he infers that Tholde had an
copying the Beytrdg, he says appeared in 1642. It imperfect MS. I have not seen the 1604 edition,
may have done so, but it is more likely that these but in that of 1624 there is Georg Phasdro
figures are merely a transposition for 1624. Rodocher's " Vom Stein der Weisen Theoria und
In the preface the editor says that the original of Practica," but I have failed to see any resemblance
1624 is a very rare book, and he gives both the titles, between the two tracts. The editor does not
He adds that it was unknown to Borel, Dufres- mention Georg Phaedro Rodocher's name, if it be
noy, and Fictuld, and it was long before he could attached to the present tract in the aforesaid 1604
procure a copy of it. He thinks it must be very edition,
old, for in Tholde's edition of 1604 of the Triumph-
Basilius Valentinus, Triumph Wagen Antimonii, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
ed. Tholde, 1624, p. 393. Secretes, 1870, No. 1521.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hb'hern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 378. (For
p. 616. works entitled Theoria and Practica, see p. 347. )
THEOSOPHIJE PALMARIUM.
See AURIGA Chemicus.
THEOSOPHIA Physico-Chymica, das ist, Gottesgelahrheit durch natiirliche und
chymische Werke erklaret und bewiesen. Gedruckt im Jahre 1791.
8°. Pp. 164 [i, i blank]. Frontispiece, with portrait of Paracelsus.
[Another Copy.]
The author of this tract is called Friederich, and tinct reference to the ' Theosophia Physico-Chymica'
to him are also ascribed : Commentaria tiber as by him, so that there can be no doubt about the
Gebers Werke, Wien, 1792; Medicinische Be- authorship of these two tracts. If his name be really
trachtung iiber Alchymistische Medicinen, Wien, Friederich, he is a different person from Gerhard
1792; Der verklarte Freymaurer (Wien), 1791. In Friederich, who lived at a later date and contributed
the preface to this last work the author makes dis- various works to the literature of Freemasonry.
Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei , 1844, passim (for Gerhard Friederich).
THESAURINELLA.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS).
THESAURUS.
See TRESOR de Tresors.
For works entitled ' Thesaurinella ' and 'Thesaurus' see Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 342, 357.
THESAURUS AROMATARIORUM.
See SUARDUS (PETRUS).
THESAURUS MUNDI.
See RUPESCISSA (JOANNES DE).
THESAURUS PHILOSOPHISE— THOLDE 445
THESAURUS PHILOSOPHIC.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae Alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 237.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 192.
See FERRARIUS.
THESAURUS, sive Medicina Aurea : A plain and true Description of the
Treasure of Treasures, or the Golden Medicine.
See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, 1680, p. 97.
THOLDE QOHANN).
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Von den natiirlichen und vbernaturlichen Dingen,
1624.
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Triumph Wagen Antimonii, 1624.
See SUCHTEN (ALEXANDER VON).
De Occulta Philosophia. Oder von der heimlichen Wundergeburt der sieben
Planeten vnd Metallen.
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, 1611.
Haliographia, Das ist : Griindliche vnnd eigendliche Beschreibung aller Saltz-
mineralien, Darinn von des Saltzes erster Materia, Vrsprung, Geschlecht,
vnterscheid, Eigenschafft, Wie man auch die Saltzwasser probiren, die Saltzsole
durch vielerley art kiinstlich zu gute sieden, durchs Fewer vnd ohne Fewer
erreichern, vnd verbessern moge, klarlich gehandelt wird, Beneben einer
Historischen Beschreibung aller Saltzwercke, ihrer Vmbstande vnd gelegenheit,
Auch wie man aus alien Metallen vnd vornembsten Mineralien, defsgleichen
aus Thieren, Krautern vnd Gewiirtzen ihre Saltz aufsziehen, vnd zu Mensch-
licher gesundheit brauchen soil. Manniglich, sonderlich aber denen, so mit
Saltzwerck vmbgehen, an tag geben, Durch Johann: Tholden, Hessum. Cum
Privilegio. In verlegung Jacob Apels, Buchhandl. Im M.DC.XII. Jahr.
8°. Pp. 336 [15, i blank]. Title red and black. 2 woodcuts.
Johann Tholde, or Tholden, of Hesse, flourished Salts ; II. Extraction of Salt ; III. Salt Springs ;
between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and IV. Salts obtained from metals, minerals,
He was a chemist, Rathskammerer at Francken- animals, and vegetables.
hausen in Thuringia, and part owner of the This fourth part, it is said, appeared in 1618 with
saltworks there. He edited the works of Basil the name of Basilius Valentinus. It was certainly
Valentine from 1599 to 1624 (?), the treatise on published at Bologna in 1644 — " Ex Manuscripts,
antimony of von Suchten, and Paracelsus' Klrine & Originalibus Fratris Basilii Valentini Ordinis
Hand- und Denck-Bibcl, 1605. S. Benedicti Collecta," without any mention of
The only work with his own name, which I know Tholde ; small square 8°, pp. [16, including an en-
of, was the above Haliographia. It was first pub- graved title-page] 102 [i blank],
lished with the same title as the preceding (except This may be all quite straight, but somehow it
some variations in the spelling, the first word, for needs explanation, especially when one remembers
instance, is spelled ' Haligraphia ') in red and black, that the works of Basil Valentine are said to have
and the colophon runs thus : Gedruckt zu Eifsleben been not merely edited by Tholde, but actually
durch Jacobum Gaubisch. In Vorlegung Jacob written by him. It is a dilemma : either Tholde
Apels, Buchhendlers. Anno Christi, M. DC. III. has appropriated the work of Basil Valentine
It is a small 8°, pp. [48] 361 [i, 3 blank], Register without acknowledgment, or else he has put out, or
[n, 5 blank]. The epistle dedicatory to the Dean allowed to be put out, a work of his own under the
of Magdeburg Cathedral is dated Franckenhauscn, name of Basil Valentine.
January i, 1603. In certain verses to him by In his discussion of this subject in the Beitrage
Johannes Tanckius there is a hint of his connection zur Geschichte der Chemie, Kopp has occasion to
with the writings of Basilius Valentinus. The consider the connection between Basil Valentine
book is in four parts — I. The various kinds of and his reputed editor, and he is inclined to
446
THOLDE— THOMAS AQUINAS
THOLDE QOHANN). Continued.
regard Tholde as editor merely, on the ground
that, as the works contain a good deal of chem-
istry that was new for the period, he cannot
see why Thb'lde should have ascribed that know-
ledge to one to whom it did not really appertain.
He considers that there is nothing in Thb'lde's
life otherwise, which would give occasion to
believe him untrustworthy. Well, he may have
been quite an honest man, but appearances are
rather against him, and one can sympathize with
Dr. Caius : ' What shall de honest man do in my
closet? dere is no honest man dat shall come in
my closet ! ' It makes one suspicious that if
Tholde could tacitly absorb into his Haliographia,
without acknowledgment, a tract which afterwards
appeared under Basil Valentine's name, there is no
reason why he should not have used the name of Basil
Valentine all along as a stalking-horse, and under
presentation of that shot his alchemy. But, on
this occasion, he had forgotten his pseudonymity.
Subsequently (Die Alchemie, 1886, i. , pp. 29-33),
Kopp changed his views regarding Tholde and
Basil Valentine, and said that there is reason to
think that the writings of the latter were composed
about the end of the sixteenth or beginning of the
seventeenth century, instead of a hundred years
earlier ; that Basil Valentine's name is fictitious ;
that the publication of these writings was an in-
tentional literary deception ; and, in that case,
that the responsibility must rest with Tholde. It
is very remarkable that in this view, so decidedly,
uncompromisingly, different from that enunciated
Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. 219.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medico., 1679, p. 4o6a.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca: metallic^,
1732, p. 141.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xliii. col. 1478
(calls him Tholden, and mentions the Haligraphia,
1603, 8°, and that is all).
Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelekrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1138.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 139.
Innocentius Liborius ab Indagine, Chemisch-
Physikalische Nebenstunden, Hof, 1780, p. 75.
Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des
Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, Leipzig,
1783, pp. 98, 101.
Beytrag zur Geschichle der hiihern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 126 ff.
by him eleven years earlier, he should have come
to exactly the same result as that elaborated one
hundred years earlier and expressed with emphasis,
by the author of the 'Beytrag' ; a work which, so
far as I have observed, was unknown to Kopp, as
I do not think he ever once refers to it. See
also VALENTINUS (Basilius).
Liborius ab Indagine (whose real name was Job.
Ludolph Jager) narrates one or two additional facts
relating to Tho'lde, in his Nebenstunden, in the
fifth part, containing " Ausfiihrliche Nachricht von
dem Orden der Rosen-Kreutzer." He says that
the famous Tholde, in 1604, before the order had
bourgeoned, had made himself meritorious by the
discovery and publication of Basil Valentine's
works. But the Rosicrucians, after 20 years of
existence, and having attained their ' majority,'
wanting to have a monopoly of these writings and
to prevent further editions, got Tholde to join the
order and become secretary, which office he dis-
charged for a lengthened period. It is noticeable
that nothing was published by Tholde after 1624.
His Coelum Chemicum, a collection of Rosicrucian
arcana, which he preserved in MS. was not
published till long after his death. His son, whom
ab Indagine would have judged to be a man of 84
years of age in 1740, had several MSS. of his father.
The Coelum reseratum Chymicum here referred
to appeared under the name of Toeltius (q.v.) in
1737, and it is said in the preface to have been
known to the Rosicrucian brotherhood a hundred
years earlier.
Taschenbuch fur Alchemisten, 1790, p. 26.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. ico.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-lilerarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1095.
Ladrague, Bibliothbque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 852, 853, 856 (editions of Basil
Valentine) ; 934 (van Suchten), 971 (Haligraphia).
Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875,
St. in. p. 118.
Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, pp.
453- 464, 6a5. 64L 70i.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 29, 31 ; ii. p. 8.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
244 (compiler of the works of Basilius Valentinus),
247 (secretary of the Rosicrucian Society), 479
(Basilius Valentinus again), 560, 563.
THOMAS AQUINAS.
De Lapide minerali, animali & plantali.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, *"• P- 276-
Liber Lilii Benedict!.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 959.
Secreta Alchemise Magnalia : De corporibus super-coelestibus, quod in rebus
inferioribus inveniantur, quoque modo extrahantur.
See BROUCHUISIUS (DANIEL), 1612.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 267.
THOMAS AQUINAS
447
THOMAS AQUINAS. Continued.
Thesaurus Alchemiae secretissimus ad fratrem Reinaldum.
See BROUCHUISIUS (DANIEL), 1612.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 278.
Tractatus Sextus de Esse et Essentia mineralium tractans.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, v. p. 806.
In all probability these tracts are not by Thomas
Aquinas, though they may be of not much later
date, and Schmieder tries to say a word in behalf
of their genuineness. See Dr. Kopp's examination
of Thomas' views about transmutation.
Thomas of Aquino, or Saint Thomas, was born
in 1224 at Chaon, in Apulia, of the family of the
Counts of Aquino, in the kingdom of Naples. He
studied arts and philosophy at Naples, and from
love of knowledge joined the Dominican Order.
As this was against the wishes of his relations, he
was captured by them while he was journeying to
Paris, and kept a prisoner for two years. He then
escaped by a window, went to Rome and to
Cologne to be instructed by Albertus Magnus,
and in 1255 was created doctor of theology at
Paris. He taught philosophy and theology there,
as well as in some Italian universities, and finally
took up his residence at Naples. In 1274 Pope
Gregory X. summoned him to the second Council
at Lyons, but on the return journey he died in the
monastery of Fossa Nova, 7 March, 1274, >n his
fiftieth year. He was canonized by Pope John
XXII. in 1323, and was included in the five great
teachers of the Church. The schoolmen entitled
him Doctor Communis and Angelicus. The writ-
ings he has left behind him are so numerous that
he must have been a man of great fertility of
thought and ease of expression.
His works relate to theology and philosophy
mainly, and it is a question if the alchemical
writings ascribed to him are really genuine.
A translation into French of the tracts ' De
Paulus lovius, Elogia Doctor um Virorum ab
avorum memoria publicatis ingenii monumentis
illustrium, Antverpite, 1557, p. 14.
Paolo Giovio, Le Iscrittioni paste sotto le vere
Imagini dtgli Huomini famosi in Letiere, Venetia,
1558, p. 13.
Paulus lovius, Elogia Virorum Uteri s illustrium,
Basil., 1577, p. 8.
Thevet, Les Vrais Pourtraits et Vies des Hommes
Illustres, 1584, ff. I44r-i45f. Portrait.
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre,
1599, P- 144.
Andraeas Brentzius, Farrago Philosofhorum,
1606, p. 69 (' Processus B. Thomae de Aquino ').
Wolffgang Kruger, Catalogus et Historologia
Mille Virorum . . . illustrium. Das ist : Kurtse
und Historische verzeichnifs, &c., Erffurdt, 1616,
f. 237 verso.
Maier, Symbola Aurece Mensce, 1617, p. 163.
(He was certainly a chemist.)
Naud6, Apologit pour tous les grand s Personnages
qui ont este faussement soupfonnez de Magie, 1625,
p. 481 ; English translation, 1657, p. 226.
Gio. Battista di Nola Molisi, Cronica della Citta
di Crotona, 1649, pp. 84-85.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 219, 257.
Lapide Philosophico ' and ' De Esse et Essentia
Mineralium ' was published in 1898 : ' Bibliotheque
Rosicrucienne. Premiere Se'rie, No. 6. Publie'e par
le Rite Maconnique de Misrai'm. Saint Thomas
d'Aquin, Trait6 de la Pierre Philosophale traduit
du latin pour la premiere fois et pre"c&16 d'une
Introduction [Vignette], Paris, Bibliotheque Cha-
cornac 11, Quai Saint-Michel, 1898, square 8°,
pp. 109 [i blank, 2, 2 blank]. In the introduction
is discussed the question of the authenticity of
these writings. Certain passages from his other
writings are adduced to show that he was skilled in
alchemical views, and the fact that these writings
were known to Marbodasus and others, that they
were printed as early as 1488, and that Castaigne
(Oeuvres, 1661, 2de ed. ii. p. 4), speaks of his
having the original MS. in Latin, beginning ' Sicut
lilium inter spinas,' would seem to give some
support to the idea that these writings may have
emanated from him after all.
It is curious and instructive to compare the tone
and arguments of this introduction with the indig-
nation with which Touron (a Dominican) rejects
these alchemical writings, calls them 'mauvaises
pieces, ' puts them among the spurious works, and
says that they could be attributed to the saint only
at the expense of justice and good sense. It is,
however, a question of evidence, and not of temper
or horror.
Thomas Aquinas is of more importance in the
history of medieval philosophy and theology than
in that of chemistry and natural science.
Thevet, Histoire des plus illustres et sfavans
Hommes de leurs siecles, 1670, ii. p. 177, with a
portrait.
Job. Gottfr. Olearius, Abacus patrologicus, Jenae,
1673, p. 453.
Toppi, Biblioteca Napoletana, 1678, pp. 290-292.
Egendorffer, Domus Sapientia, 1694, ia°.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 27, No. xxxviii.
Moller, Homonymo-Scopia, 1697, p. 628.
Louis Ellies Dupin, A New Ecclesiastical History,
1699, xi. (i3th century), p. 69.
Louis Ellies Dupin, Nouvelle Bibliotheque des
Auteurs Ecclesiastiques, 1700, x. p. 74.
Pope Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum,
1710, p. 413.
Quetif & Echard, Scriptores Ordinis Prcedica-
torum, 1719, i. pp. 271-347.
Casimir Oudin, Commentarius de Scriptoribus
Ecclesiee Antiquis, Lips., 1722, iii. cols. 254-373.
Gio. Maria Crescimbeni, L Istoria della volgar
Poesia, 1731, i. pp. 335, 339, 393 ; 1730, iv. p. 48.
Brucker, Kurtte Fragen aus der Philosophischen
Historic, Ulm, 1734, v. pp. 793, 862, 1084-1108
(and references), 1258.
Joh. Adam Weber, Einleitung in die Historie
der Lateinischen Sprache, Chemnitz, 1736, p. 333.
448
THOMAS AQUINAS— THOMSON
THOMAS AQUINAS. Continued.
Antoine Touron, La Vie de S. Thomas d' A quin,
. . . avec tin exposd de sa doctrine et de ses Ouvrages,
Paris, 1737, 4°, pp. 719-720.
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1742,
III. ii. p. 661.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
HermMque, 1742, i. pp. 131-136, 466-67 ; iii. pp.
52, 55- 57- 308-9.
Cave, Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Historia
Literaria, 1743, ii. p. 306 (and references).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xliii. cols. 1531-
1542 (and references).
Giov. Bernardino Tafuri, Istoria degli Scrittori
nati nel regno di Napoli, 1748, II. i. pp. 431-444
(enumerates some.of the present writings).
Bernardo Maria de Rubeis, Dissertationes criticce
et apologetica de gestis, et scriptis, ac doctrina S.
Thomes Aquinatis, Venet. , 1750, fol. (Some of
these are appended to the edition of the ' Summa
Theologica' in Migne's Patrologice Cursus Com-
pletus, Tom. i* — 4*, Saec. xii-xiii. 1130-1274, Paris,
1841, 1846.)
Chaufepie', Nouveau Dictionnaire Historique
et Critique, 1750, i. letter A, pp. 409-414.
Freytag, Analecta litteraria, 1750, pp. 985-992.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i.
col. 490; Adelung's Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen,
1784, i. col. 998.
Mazzuchelli, Gli Scrittori d1 Italia, 1753, I. ii.
P- 9i5-
Mor6ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 1759,
x. p. 151.
Museum Mazzuchellianum, 1761, i. p. 37, Tab. 6.
Georg Christoph Hamberger, Zuverlassige Nach-
richten von den vornehmsten Schrijtstellern vom
Anfange der Welt bis 1500, Lemgo, 1764, iv. pp.
424-431, No. DCCCCXXIV (takes no notice of the
attributed alchemical writings).
Brucker, Historia critica philosophic, 1766, iii.
pp. 798-808 ; 1767, vi. p. 594.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 141.
Bougine\ Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar-
geschichte, 1789, i. p. 501.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 54.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 25.
Biographie Universelle, 1826, xlv. pp. 443-449 ;
no date, xli. pp. 390-394.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 137.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 381 ;
1866, i. p. 404.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp. 200
(his physiology), 201 ; 1849, ii. p. 112.
Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, pp.
7, 69, 170, 357.
Ernst H. F. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, 1857,
iv. pp. 3, 7, 18, 108.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca latina mediae et infimae
aetatis, 1859, vi. p. 536 (and references).
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1096.
Cap, Etudes biographiques , Deuxieme Se'rie,
1864, p. 344.
Acta Sanctorum, Paris, et Romae, 1865, Martii i.
PP- 653-746.
Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophic des Mittelalters,
1865, ii. pp. 421-734.
NouvelleBiographieGlne'rale, 1866, xlv. cols. 208-
219 (and references).
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 742-744.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 17, 148, 167 ;
ii- PP- 357, 378, 389-
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p. 229.
THOMSON (GEORGE).
Epilogismi Chymici Observationes nee non Remedia Hermetica longa in
Arte Hiatrica exercitione constabilita. Item Essentise nostrae Stomachicse
vires insignes medicae explicantur, ejusque materia, modus ac methodus prae-
parationis ad Galeno-Chymicorum Elenchum fideliter describuntur. A Geo.
Thomsono Med. Doct. Philosophic^ Helmontianse ex dictis factis adversus
quosvis Antagonistas Tutore vindiceque. Lugduni Batav. Apud A. Doude
& A. Severinus. 1673.
12°. Pp. [8] 87 [i].
Chymiatrorum Acus Magnetica sive Recta Chymice Curandi Methodus a
Geo. Thomsono, M.D., quondam Anglico, nunc Latino sermone common-
strata a Gottf. Hennicken, Naumb. Misn. Francofurti ad Mrenum,
Sumpt Georgii Erhardi Martii, Marburgi Cattorum, Typis Joh. Henrici
Stockenii, 1686.
12°. Pp. [12] 261 [3 blank]. Title red and black.
Tpia TreiprjT^pia dvrjKovo-Ta. Sive Experiments Admiranda, cum Observationibus
Insolitis Medico-Chymicis ; In quibus Materia Medica, ejusq; Manufactura
Philosophica amplius Examinatur, in Tribus Tractatulis Contenta :
f Loimotomise Synopsi in Gratiam Alienigenarum,
In -j Lythocolo,
I Splenotomia.
THOMSON- THRA SIBUL US
449
THOMSON (GEORGE). Continued.
Per Doctissimum Authorem Georgium Thorn psonum, longiiis ante Obitum
Scriptis tantundem ob Commodum universale; cum Appendice aliquorum
Remediorum Dr. Thompson! & aliorum, in lucem Editis per Richardum
Hope, Philo-Chymicum. Londoni, Impensis Edv. Millingtoni, ad Insigne
Bibliorum in vico vulgb vocato Little Britain : 1680.
8°. Pp. [16] 174 [2 blank],
to the Scots College at Ratisbon.
Portrait of Thomson. This copy formerly belonged
In the portrait prefixed to his ' Direct Method of
Curing Chymically,' he is represented as in his
fiftieth year. The book is dated 1675, so that he
was born not later than 1625, and possibly a few
years earlier. He was a Royalist and served in the
Civil Wars under Prince Maurice, brother of Prince
Rupert. After these were ended he studied at Ley-
den and graduated M.D., 15 June, 1648, with a
'Disputatio de Apoplexia,' Lugduni, 1648, 4°.
In 1665, ' when the Contagion was grassant to
the depopulating and depauperating of" the City,
Thomson stuck bravely to his work, studied the
plague minutely, passed through the disease him-
self, and described his ' manner of dissecting the
pestilential body.' During his illness he was
attended for a few hours only by Dr. Starkey, who
died the same night, much to Thomson's grief.
He wrote two works on the plague : Loimologia, a
Consolatory Advice, and some brief Observations
concerning the present Pest, London, 1665, 4°. To
some criticisms in this book on the ' evil effects of
fugitive Physicians ' a reply was written by John
Heydon in his tyovOov<j>avxia> or a Quintuple Rosi-
crucian Scourge for the due Correction of that
Pseudo-chymist and scurrilous empiric Geo. Thom-
son, London, 1665, 4°.
The other work was entitled : Aoi^oro/xta, or the
Pest anatomized, London, Printed forNath: Crouch,
.... 1666, small 8°, pp. [8] 189 [3], with a frontis-
piece representing Thomson and an onlooker
engaged in the dissection of a victim of the disease.
This treatise is one of the three translated into Latin
by the author's assistant, Richard Hope, and con-
tained in the ' Experimenta Admiranda,' the work
mentioned above. There was also a German
version by Joachim Biester, Hamburg, 1713, 4°.
In 1665 he published : ' Galeno-pale : or a
chymical Trial of the Galenists, . . . London,
Will. Cooper, A Catalogue of Chymicall Books,
J675. Sigs. R2 verso, 04 verso.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, p.
102 a.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovafus, 1686, p. 341.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 376.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, pp. 282, 438, 466, 552, 558, 749, 896, 1089.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 276.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 575.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 448.
THON (Der) der Schalmeyen.
See CLANGOR BUCCIN-iE.
Printed by R. Wood, . . . i66s,'8°, pp. [15, i blank]
120, in which he criticised the methods of the
physicians of the time. This elicited a review by
William Johnson, ' Chymist to the Kings Colledge
of Physicians ' : A'yvpro-MdffTiZ, or some brief
Animadversions upon two late Treatises ; one of
Master George Thomsons, entituled, Galeno-Pale ;
the other of Master Thomas O'Dowdes, called,
The Poor Mans Physitian : . . . London, 1665,
small 8°, pp. [7, i blank] 135 [i], to which Thomson
responded in his : H\avo-irvi.y(iost or a Gag for
Johnson, London, 1665, 8°, and this contained 'An
Epistolar Discourse,' by George Starkey.
A work entitled ' Alfj-arlao-is,' London, 1670, in
which he again returns to the attack on bleeding,
begun by him in ' Galeno-pale,' led to another con-
troversy with Dr. Henry Stubbe, who wrote an
answer in 1671, which was taken up by Thomson
in his Mt<roxi>Mfas"EXe'yx°J, or a check given to the
insolent garrulity of H. Stubbe, London, 1671, 8°.
In 1673 he published 'Epilogismi Chymici,1 as
above, and next : 'OpOo-ptffoSos larpo-xviuictj :
or the direct Method of Curing Chymically, . . .
London, . . . 1675, 8°, pp. [16, including his por-
trait] 220, which was turned into Latin by Gottf.
Hennicken, with a preface by the author dated
1684, as above. By reference to his books one
finds that in June, 1666, his house was in ' Dukes
Place nigh Aldgate ' ; and in November, 1674, he
was living in 'Soper-Lane, alias Queen-Street, in
Well-Court, nigh Cheapside.'
The date of his death is not recorded, though it
would seem as if he were still alive in 1684. But
from what Hope says in his preface, dated i Deer.,
1679 : ' Hsec Manuscripta nuper accepi ab ejus
executore,' it would be inferred that he was already
dead by 1679.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medicine,
1778, iv. p. 392.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1779, iii.
p. 197 (list of his works).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 122,
249.
Granger, A Biographical History of England^
1824, v. p. 224.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 663.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 489.
Dictionary of National Biography, 1898, Ivi. p.
240 (by E. Irving Carlyle).
THRASIBULUS (RICENUS).
See TREUHERTZIGE Warnungs-Vermahnung.
II. 2F
450 THUR—THURNEISSER
THUR des Koniglichen Pallasts.
See EROFFNUNG der Thiire des Koniglichen Pallasts.
Fictuld, Prodier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii., p. 140.
THURNEISSER (LEONHART).
Archidoxa. Dorin der recht war Motus, Lauff vnd Gang, auch heimligkeit,
Wirckung vnd Krafft, der Planeten, Gstirns, vnd gantzen Firmaments
Mutierung, vnd ausziechung aller Subtiliteten, vnd das Fiinffte wesen, aufs
den Metallen, Mineralien, Kreytren, Wurtzen, Seften, Steine, vnd aller
andren wesenlichen dingen. Heimlikait des Buchs aller Natiirlichen Ele-
mentischen vnd Menschlichen sachen, Hantierung, Konst, Gwerb, Arten,
Elgenschaften, vnd in summa, viel verborgner Mysterien, der Medicin,
Alchimey, vnd anderer freyen Kiinsten sampt dem auszug, vnd Verstandt
des Astrolabij, vnd aller Zircklen Caracter, vnd Zeichen. Zu Ehren vnd
Wolgefallen, dem Durchleuchtigsten, Hochgebornen Fiirsten, vnd Herrn,
Herrn Ferdinanden, Ertzhertzogen, zu Osterich, Hertzog zu Burgund, Grafen
zu Tyrol, etc. Vnd alien Konstliebenden. Zum andern mal vnd jetz von
newen gemert, vnd sampt dem Verstand der Caracter an tag geben, Durch
Leonhart Thurneisser zum Thurn, Churfiirstlichen Brandenburgischen Bestalten
Leibs Medicum. Gedruckt zu Berlin im Grawen Closter Anno 1575.
Folio. Ff. [8] 60 [2]. Title red and black. Vignette of Thurneisser's Arms.
Portrait of Thurneisser.
This book was printed at Thurneisser's own See Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894,
press. It is in verse. p. 503, for Dorn's interest in the publication.
The first edition appeared at Miinster, 1569, 4°.
Das ist ein gniigsame vberflussige vnd ausfierliche erklerunge
oder erleuterunge, vnd verstandt der Archidoxen, Leonhart Thurneissers zum
Thurn, Anno 1570 zu Munster in Westphalen, vnd jetz Anno 1575. zu
Berlin wider auffs neiw gesprechs vnd Reimen weis aufsgangen.
Darin mancherley Dieffsinniger Explicationes, vnd eroffnungen vieler streit-
tiger sachen, von Gottern, Englen, Teuffeln, Menschen, Tieren, Caracteren,
Siglen, Zaubreyen, Gespensten, Kreutteren, Metallen, Mineren, vnd Gesteinen
eroffnet. Sunderlich aber von den Himlen, Gestirn, Planeten, Zeichen, vnd
Bilderen, Item von den Elementen, Commetten, vnd deren Krefften, Facul-
teten, Wirckungen, Betriben, Arten, vnd Aigenschafften, sambt dem Astrolabio,
vnd dem gebrauch desselbigen, durch welches Natiuiteten gestellt, Gluck,
Vngluck, Kranckheitten, Tod, vn Leben, Krieg, Tewrung, vnd anders, nach
Astronomischer weis, und Mathematischer Rechnung Ordentlich, vnd baldt
kan Calculirt, vnd beschrieben, vnd ohne sunderliche miieh erkandt werden.
Gemeinen Vatterlandt zu gut erfunden, Vnd beschrieben, Durch, Leonhardt
Thurneisser zum Thurn, von Basel Churfiirstlichen Brandenburgischen
bestalten leibs Medico. Gedruckt zu Berlin im Grawen Closter Anno
1575-
Folio. Ff. [n] 156 [i]. Title red and black. Vignette of Thurneisser's arms,
with a Hebrew motto. Portrait of Thurneisser on Ai.
THURNEISSER 451
THURNEISSER (LEONHART). Continued.
The book was printed at Thurneisser's own press, enigmatical style, that he would require to add an
It is entirely in verse like the Archidoxa. elucidation. This is contained in the preceding
The author himself states m his dedication that ' EuTropaS^Xawrts,' but the explanation is more
the 'Archidoxa.1 and the 'Quinta Essentia,' his obscure than the original, or, as Moehsen has it, it
second work, are written in such an obscure or is 'a wilderness of words without meaning.'
Historia Vnnd Beschreibung Influentischer, Elementischer vnd Natiirlicher
Wirckungen, Aller fremden vnnd Heimischen Erdgewechssen, auch jrer
Subtiliteten, sampt warhafftiger vnd Kiinstlicher Conterfeitung derselbigen,
auch aller teller, Innerlicher vnd Eiisserlicher glider am Menschlichen Corper,
nebend fiirbildung aller zu der Extraction dienstlichen Instrumenten, auch
deren gebrauch, vnd alle zu erhaltung der gesundheit notwendigen Processen
gemeine nutz zu gut. Durch Leonhardt Thurneysser zum Tuhrn Churfurst-
lichen Brandenburgischen bestalten Leibs Medicum beschriben.
Folio. Pp. [n, i blank] 156 [24]. Title red and black, in an elaborate woodcut
border. Portrait on p. [5]. Numerous woodcuts of plants and apparatus. Colofhon :
Gedruckt zu Berlin bey Michael Hentzsken, Anno M.D.LXXVIII. With Thurneisser's
Arms.
As a piece of printing this is a remarkable book, is : Historia siue Descriptio Plantarum omnium,
The woodcuts of the plants are enclosed in a tarn dpmesticarum quam exoticarum : Earundem
border — the Hebrew (sometimes Syriac) name cum virtutes Influentiales, Elementares, et Natur-
above and the Greek below, and in the four corners ales, turn Subtilitates, necnon Icones etiam veras,
are the constellation of the plant, its composition ad viuum artificiose expressas proponens : atque
in terms of sulphur, salt, and mercury, its educts, vna cum his, partium omnium corporis humani
and its virtues. vt extemarum ita internarum picturas, et Instru-
The German was reissued with a new title-page mentorum Extractioni Chymicse seruientium de-
and the imprint : Gedruckt zu Colin. Durch Johan- lineationem vsumque, ac Methodos denique
nem Gymnicum, jm Einhorn M.D.LXXXVII., Pharmaceuticas quasuis, ad curam valetudin"
but the colophon is unchanged of course : Berlin, dextre tractandam necessarias complectens. . . .
1578. Colophon : Berlini Excudebat Michael Hentzsk
The title of the Latin, printed in the same year, Anno M.D.LXXVIII., fol.
KOL EKTrArj/joxrts vnd Impletio, oder Erfullung, der verheissung Leonhardt
Thurneissers zum Thurn, Churfiirstlichs Brandenburgischs bestalten Leibs
Medici, vnd Burgers zu Basel : Welche Zusagung, von* jhme zu Berlin,
Anno 1580. den x. tag Martij (wegen der ava7m;£is, oder Explication seines
Calenders) zu leisten beschehen.
Darinn nicht allein griindlicher vnd aufsfurlicher verstandt aller Character,
verkiirtzter wb'rter, oder sonst verborgner reden, Sender auch warhafftiger
Bericht deren vrsachen, neben den Fundamenten seines Glaubens, Distillirens,
Curirens, Prognosticirens, Frembder Sprachen Redens, Biicherschreibens,
Kreuterkennens, Wanderens, Harnprobirens, vnd anderer seiner betriben
vnd hendlen, gegeben wird.
Welches alles, Gott dem Allmechtigen zum preifs vnd lob, frommen Ehr
vnd Kunstliebenden Personen zum Bericht, alien falschen Lugendichtern,
vnd ohn vrsach jhne neidenden Mifsgonnern, zum schimpff, spott, vnd
vberweisung jrer vngegriindten, aufs falschem hertzen erdichteten, aber mit
vn warhafftiger zungen, von jhme aufsgegebnen Schandliigen. Durch den
Authorem selbert zum andern mal mit fleifs Corrigirt. Mit Bewilligung:
Gedruckt zu Niirmberg, 1581.
452 THURNEISSER
THURNEISSER (LEONHART). Continued.
4°. Signatures A-X in fours ( = ff 84). Portrait; Emblem on Aij, a full-length
portrait of the author trampling on his enemies. His right side is in armour, and he is
holding a tilting spear with the point downwards ; his left side is in full academic dress,
and he has a book in his left hand. He thus depicts himself in the two- fold character
of soldier and scholar. Table with volvelle, D ; Ethiopic slip, Kj ; Syriac slip, Kiij ;
Arabic slip, Lj ; Two folding tables, Qiij. Colophon : Gedruckt zu Nurnberg, durch
Leonhard Heufsler. In verlag Joachim Lochners, Bibliopolse.
The first edition was printed 1580, 4°, but without place or printer. The portrait
has been commented on by Moehsen, p. 61.
MEFAAH XYMIA, Vel Magna Alchymia. Das ist ein Lehr vnd vnterweisung
von den offenbaren vnd verborgenlichen Naturen, Arten vnd Eigenschafften,
allerhandt wunderlicher Erdtgewechssen, als Ertzen, Metallen, Mineren,
Erdsafften, Schwefeln, Mercurien, Saltzen vnd Gesteinen. Vnd was der
dingen zum theil hoch in den Liifften, zum theil in der Tieffe der Erden,
vnd zum theil in den Wassern, welche aus dem Chaos oder der Confusion
vnd vermischung Elementischer Substantzen, als Geistlicher, vn doch subtiler,
noch vnbestendiger weis verursacht, empfangen vnd radicirt, Aber von
Himelischer zuneigung der Influentischen impression, oder Eintruckung,
Seelischer vnd Fixer oder bestendiger weise, zu einer wesentlichen materia
digerirt, coagulirt, oder prseparirt, Vnd durch die natiirliche Vermogligkeit,
Krafft vnd forth treibung, jedes in seiner gestalt, Als ein greiffelichs, eintzigs,
wesentlichs ding, Corporalischer, volkommener weise, von seiner Radice
abgeloset, an tag aufsgestossen, vnd in gestalt einer sichtigen Massse geboren :
Vnd wie, oder welcher gestalt, oder auff was weifs vn wege, deren ein jedes,
mit zusatz des andern, durch Menschlichen Handgriff, oder den Vsum
(dieser sehr alten Kunst) eintweders in ein Liquorem, Oehl, Saltz, Stein,
Wasser, Schwefel, Mercurium oder andere Mineren vnd Metall verwandelt,
oder sonst zum nutz, gebrauch vnd wolstandt, Menschlichs zeitlichs Lebens
zugericht vnd bereitet wird. Welches alles durch Leonharten Thurneissern
zum Thurn von Basel, Churfiirstischen Brandenburgischen bestalten Leibs
Medicum, menniglichem zu nutz in 30. verschiedener Biicher, mit sonder-
lichem vnkosten, vleis vnd arbeit am tag geben. Gedruckt zu Berlin
durch Nicolaum Voltzen. Anno M.D.LXXXIII.
Folio. Pp. [12] 144. Title red and black in an elaborate woodcut border. Por-
trait, and very small woodcuts in the text. The portrait is followed by a number of
texts in Ethiopic, Syriac, and other languages, of his knowledge of which Thurneisser
made great display at every opportunity.
This book was reissued at Coin, 1587, with a The labours of the Hero were small compared
new title-page. It is described at full length by with those of the Man ! It is hard to say whether
Moehsen, p. 196, and by Sudhoff, Bibliographia Francus or Thurneisser had greater reason to be
Paracelsica, 1894, p. 364. ashamed of this testimonial.
Prefixed to this is Johannes Francus"E7ro7rotfcz, In the book treating of sal-ammoniac Thurneisser
das ist eine Rede oder Wortmachung . . . von den states that the salt had been prepared in 834 by a
HerculischenArbeittendesEdlen, fiirtreffelichen und skilful miner called Hans von der Zeyt from the
Hochberiimbten Mannes, Herrn Leonhart Thur- Tyrol,
neyssers zum Thurn.
Pison. Das erst Theil. Von Kalten, Warmen Minerischen vnd Metallischen
Wassern, sampt der vergleichung der Plantarum vnd Erdgewechsen 10.
Biicher : Durch Leonhart Thurneisser zum Thurn, mit grosser miihe vnd
THURNEISSER
453
THURNEISSER (LEONHART). Continued.
arbeit, gemeinem nutz zu gut an tag geben. Mit Rom. Kay. May. freyheit
auff lo. Jar. 1572. Gedruckt zu Franckfurt an der Oder, durch Johan
Eichorn.
Folio. Pp. [20] ccccxx [53, 3 blank]. Title red and black, surrounded by a
most elaborate woodcut border. The same border is repeated, p. 19, but contains in
the centre medallion a portrait of the author. Small woodcuts of apparatus in the
text.
Moehsen (p. 80) has made some remarks on this
book. A. W. Hofmann (Berliner Alchemisten und
Chemiker . . . Berlin, 1882, p. 18) has made some
remarks on Thurneisser's Water Analyses, and so
has Kopp (Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. HI).
Pison was reprinted, Strasburg, 1612, fol.
oder Praeoccupatio, Durch zwolff verscheidenlicher Tractaten,
gemachter Harm Proben, Durch Leonhart Thurneisser zum Thurn erfunden,
vn gemeinem nutz zu gutem an tag geben. Das 59. Buch. Mit Rom. Kay.
May. Freyheit, auff 10. Jar. Anno M.D.LXXI.
Folio. Pp. [4] Ixxxv [2, i blankj Title red and black, within the same woodcut
border as in ' Pison.' Portrait on Aii. Colophon, on Hiiij recto : Gedruckt zu Franck-
furt an der Oder durch Johan. Eichorn, anno 1571.
The method of analysis and conclusions there-
from described in this book are noticed by Moehsen,
p. 72, and by Sprengel (Geschichte der Medicin,
Halle, 1827, hi., p. 499).
It was followed by another on the same subject :
Be/3<x{owtj ayuvifffiov, das ist Confirmatio con-
certationis oder ein Bestettigung . . . der . . .
Kunst defs Harnprobirens. . . . Berlin, 1576, fol.
Leonhard Thurneysser, or Thurneisser, or Thur-
neiser, or Thurneisen, or Thurnhauser, or Turn-
heuserus, or Thurnesius, was born at Basel in 1530.
He began life by learning the trade of his father,
who was a goldsmith, but he also picked up some
knowledge of botany, medicine, and, possibly,
anatomy under Vesalius. In 1548 he left Basel,
and went to England, France, and Germany, where
he became a soldier. Afterwards he worked as a
metallurgist, and again as a goldsmith. In 1558
he was a metallurgist in the Tyrol. From 1560 to
1570 he was in the service of the Archduke Fer-
dinand, and travelled far and near, from the
Orkney islands down to Africa, and to the East,
everywhere learning medicine and metallurgy. In
1569 he first published his Archidoxa and, in 1570,
the Quinta Essentia at Munster, and other works
followed at Frankfurt a. d. O. , and from hisown print-
ing press at Berlin. From 1570 to 1584 he was physi-
cian to John Georg, Churfurst of Brandenburg, and
had a laboratory and printing press in the so-called
' Grey monastery ' at Berlin. By various means he
amassed a large fortune, and at one time employed
between two and three hundred people. He
collected a library, a museum, and a herbarium,
kept a menagerie, and encouraged the fine and
practical arts, such as the manufacture of saltpetre,
alum, glass, paper, and also coloured glass.
Thurneisser was accused of having participated
in the murder and robbery of Sebastian Sieben-
freund (q.v.) for the sake of the transmuting
powder which he was supposed to possess. Moehsen
merely refers to this accusation in his enumeration
of the authorities who were adverse to Thurneisser,
and takes no further notice of it, from which one
concludes that he at least considered it quite un-
founded. The evidence turns solely on the very
curiously expressed statement of Siebenfreund's
servant, which was reviewed by Schmieder and its
contradictions pointed out. The affair is said to
have taken place about 1570, but at that time
Thurneisser had come into the Mark Brandenburg
and had begun the career which carried him to the
highest point of prosperity and esteem. Had he
been engaged in such a crime it could not have
been concealed, and he could never have been
allowed to occupy the very prominent position
which he unquestionably did for a considerable
time. Nothing relating to the affair seems to have
been known during his lifetime, and the first
account bears date 1682, a full century after the
supposed events. It is just, therefore, to hold
Thurneisser free of the crime — if it ever took place
— and to consider the story of Siebenfreund's mur-
der to have been circulated ' nach dem offenbaren
Liigenzeugnis seines Dieners,' as Schelenz has put
it.
In 1576 his medicine was attacked by Dr. Caspar
Hofmann, his knowledge of languages was chal-
lenged by Rollenhagen, and, in 1579, he was
accused by Joel of magic, and of having a devil in
a bottle which taught him to write languages he
did not know. His influence being in this way
undermined, he went to Basel ; was backwards and
forwards between that place and Berlin, and, after
much trouble over a law-suit with his wife, he lost
the greater part of his money. In 1584 he finally
left Berlin, went to Italy, where he tried to practise
medicine and alchemy ; he was at Rome in 1591,
and died in a monastery at Cologne 9 July, 1596,
and was buried beside Albertus Magnus, according
to his own request.
For the various opinions as to his character
(which are not as a rule favourable) and abilities,
which were unquestionably great, but were not
improved by an exaggerated self-esteem and a
claim to greater skill than he possessed, reference
must be made to the authorities quoted, and, on
the whole, the greatest importance must be attached
to those writers who have tried to judge him fairly
and to give him credit for what he really could do.
He was endowed with quickness and, obviously, a
powerful memory ; but he tried to pass as a man
of science, a learned physician, and an accurate
scholar, when in reality he was a man of action,
with a gift for organising and commercial advertise-
454
THURNEISSER
THURNEISSER (LEONHART). Continued.
ment. At the present day he might have been a
successful manufacturing chemist, able to turn his
raw material into gold without the red elixir.
Besides the books above mentioned, he was the
author of the following :
Quinta Essentia (in verse), Minister, 1570, 4° ;
Leipzig, 1574, fol.
Onomasticon Polyglosson, Berlin, 1574, 8°.
Ein Kurtzer und Einfeltiger bericht . . . vber den
136. ... Cometen, Berlin, 4° (1577).
Almanaeh und Schreib Kalender, Berlin, 1580, 4°.
Kurtze Verantworttung und notwendige Eren-
rettung des Edlen, . . . Leonhardt Thurneissers
zum Thurn, 1580, 4°. (Reply to Joel.)
Almanaeh und Schreib Kalender, Berlin, 1582, 4°.
Almanaeh und Schreib Kalender, Berlin, 1583, 4°.
Onomasticum und Interpretatio, Berlin, 1583, fol.
See an elaborate account of this book by Sudhoff,
Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, p. 337 sqq.
Ein durch Nothgedrungens Aufsschreiben . . .
1584, 4°. (On his law-plea, and the injustice he
considered had been done him.)
Attisholtz oder Attiswalder Badordnung, 1590.
Prognosticon auf das Jahr Christi 1591, Frank.
a. M., 1590, 4°.
Reise und Kriegs Apotecken, Leipzigk, 1602, 8°.
The preceding are all given byMoehsen (pp. 188-
198). But he has omitted another work, which is
besides included doubtfully by Gmelin (i. p. 273,
note a), but of which a copy is before me :
£p/i.r)i>eta. Das ist ein Onomasticum, Interpretatio
oder erklerunge LeonhardtThurneyssers zum Thurn.
Uber die frembden und unbekanten Worter,
Caracter und Namen, welche in den schrifften des
Tewren Philosophi und Medici Theophrasti Para-
celsi, von Hohenheim gefunden werden. Das Erst
Teil. C. G. E. P. I.
Gedruckt zu Berlin, im Grawen Kloster, Anno
Johannes Francus, 'Eirowoua das ist eine Rede . . .
von den . . . Arbeiten . . . Leonhardt Thurneyssers,
1583, (prefixed to the Magna Alchymia (q.v. )).
Nicolas Guibertus, Alchimia Ratione et Experi-
entia . . . impugnata et expugnata, 1603, Lib. ii.,
cap. 12, p. 92.
Faber, Alchymista Christianus , Tolosae, 1632,
p. 212 (cf. p. 182) ; Schri/ten, 1713, ii. p. 279 (and
p. 266), (q.v.).
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637- P- 333-
Reinesius, Varies Lectiones, 1640, p. 664.
Conring, De Hermetica sEgyptiorum vetere et
Paracelsicorum nova Medicina Liber vnus, Helme-
stadii, 1648, pp. 296 (extravagant prices for his
drugs) ; 332 (the partially transmuted nail ; Guiber-
tus' and Libavius' opinions of him).
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 220.
Tachenius, Hippocrates Chimicus, 1668, p. 252 ;
1671, p. 177. (This passage contains the story of
the nail which Thurneisser is said to have trans-
muted at Florence. Tachenius explains how it may
have been done. )
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, PP-
97 a, zoo b.
Alipuli, Centrum. Natura Concentratum, 1682,
p. 6 1 sqq. (Account of Siebeufreund's murder. )
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 746
(gives only two of his works).
Conring, In Artem Medicam Introductio, 1687,
cap. xi. § 17, p. 380, ("insignis impostor").
Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractatus,
1700, pp. 315, 345.
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter-.
M.D.LXIIII. Small 8°. Ff. [64]. "Very sump-
tuously printed with broad margins," as Sudhoff
(p. 263) says quite truly. It is described fully and
criticised by him, and is apparently mentioned by
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1777, ii.
p. 129.
It may be worth while to catalogue the portraits
of Thurneisser as they are given in these books.
He seems to have made a point of inserting a
portrait in each of them, so that we get a likeness
of him in successive years, and as they have all a
general resemblance to one another, it is possible
that a compound photograph, if it could have
been made, might give an approximation to his
actual looks.
wpOKO,Ta\r!\j/is, 1571, age 41.
% length ; % face from the right. The left
hand holds a pair of compasses, the right rests
on a sphere.
Pison, 1572, age 42.
% length ; barely % face from the right.
Compasses and sphere as before.
[Quinta Essentia, 1574. No age given.
}£ length ; right profile. The sphere is held
between the fingers of the right hand and the
knuckles of the left, and the compasses are
grasped in the left hand.]
eviropaSrjXwis, 1575, age 45.
Front face.
Archidoxa, 1575, age 45.
Left profile. This plate is well executed.
Historia, 1578. No age given.
Left profile. An inferior copy of the pre-
ceding.
fKirXripwcns, 1581. No age given.
Right profile, the preceding reversed.
Magna Alchymia, 1583, age 52.
Full face.
ariam, 1709, iii. p. 566. (Calls Pison the first
great treatise on Water ever produced in Germany. )
Ada Medica Berolinensia, Decas II., 1723, i. pp.
i-n (life, with a portrait).
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1723, p.
257. (Defence of Thurneisser against Tachenius.)
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 379.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 574, 575, 576 (his life), 681.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metalliccs,
1732, p. 142.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelthrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 848.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie
Hermdtique, 1742, i. p. 473 ; iii. pp. 309-310.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xliii. cols. 2007-
2010.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
I75I« PP- I79 (short notice), 417 (neue Erfindung
der Harnprobierung), and 506 and 680.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1187.
Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 299.
Fr. Basilii Valentini . . . Chymische Schriften,
ed. Petraeus, 1769, I. Neue Vorrede, sig. e 7 verso
(seems to imply that Thurneisser had a hand in
Siebenfreund's ' Entleibung').
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 357
(' Basiliensis, Celebris Alchemista & ad Paracelsi
modum perigrinator').
Schroder, Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1772,
ii. p. 77.
THURNEISSER— TILE MANN
455
THURNEISSER (LEONHART). Continued.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p.
240
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1777, ii.
p. 129 (quotes twelve of his books).
Wiegleb, Historisch-Kritische Untersuchung der
Alchemie, 1777, pp. 292-95. (The Golden Nail at
Florence).
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iv. p. 395.
Adumbratio Eruditorum Basiliennum mentis
apud exteros olim hodieque celebrium. Appendicis
loco Athenis Rauricis addita, Basil., 1780.
Moehsen, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Wissen-
schaften in der Mark Brandenburg, Berlin und Leip-
zig, 1783, 4°, pp. 55-198. (This is an account of
Thurneisser, and a partial defence of him, and it
is practically the source from which all subsequent
writers have taken their information. Kopp (Die
Alchemie, i. p. 107 note), in particular, expresses his
indebtedness to Moehsen's exhaustive monograph,
and so also does Hofmaun. )
Giildenfalk, Sammlung . . . Transmutations-
Geschichte, Frankf. und Leipzig, 1784, p. 65.
(Story of the transmutation of a nail at Florence,
but Thurneisser's name is not mentioned.)
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 279-285 (the author does not quote Moehsen ;
accuses Thurneisser of taking part in the murder
of Siebenfreund, and represents him as a cheat ; a
list of ten works is given), 492, 579.
Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie, 1789, p. 159.
Taschenbuch fur Alchemisten, 1790, p. 83 (trans-
mutation of the iron nail at Florence).
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literar-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 129, § 195.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 258,
266-276, 557, (gives a list of thirteen printed
works and three in MS. from Moehsen).
Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen-
kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 6.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 58.
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 336.
Biographie Universelle, 1826, xlv. p. 590 ; no
date, xli. p. 496.
Sprengel, Versuch einer pragmatischen Geschichte
der Medicin, 1827, iii. pp. 494-500. (Narrative of
his life from Moehsen ; unfavourable review of his
medicine.)
Thomson, History of Chemistry, 1830,1. pp. 168-
170 (not quite fair to Thurneisser ; based on
Sprengel's account).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
284-289. (Unfavourable, and repeats the story of
Siebenfreund's murder.)
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 23-
24 ; 2° Ed. 1869, ii. pp. 19-21 (rewritten after
Moehsen, whose book he describes as ' assez rare ' ).
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, '• PP- IO&-
1 10 (unfavourable), & passim.
Ludwig Choulant, Die anatomischen Abbildungen
des XV. und XVI. Jahrhunderts, 1843, p. 17.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 276 ;
1849, ii. p. 165 (list of his works).
Ludwig Choulant, Geschichte und Bibliographic
der Anatomischen Abbildung, 1852, p. 83.
Phillippe u. Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, p. 439.
Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, pp.
31-33, 135 (based on Sprengel and Thomson).
Ernst H. F. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik,
Konigsberg, 1857, iv. pp. 434-438. (Criticism of
the Historia,)
Rudolf Wolff, Biographien zur Kulturgeschichte
der Schweiz, Zurich, 1860, iii. pp. 32-3 (based on
Moehsen).
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1104.
Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale, 1866, xlv. col. 321.
masses, Geschichte der Medicin, \%&\X\. pp. 110,218.
A. W. Hofmann, Berliner Alchemisten und
Chemiker, Rilckblick auf die Entwickelung der
Chemischen Wissenschaften in der Mark, Berlin,
1882, pp. 16-26.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 107-124, 164,
167, 204, 249; ii. pp. 171, 234, 365. (Kopp admits
that in his Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, he criticised
Thurneisser unfavourably, but after reading Moeh-
sen he had seen cause to modify his opinions. )
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1887, v. p. 676.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 520.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1894, xxxviii. p.
226 (article by J. Heidemann, from Moehsen).
Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, Berlin, 1894,
passim.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
212 (use of symbols), 241 (the Siebenfreund affair),
242 note 2 (his scorpion), 249, 265, 402 (life and
work ; the first to analyse mineral waters), 442, 445
(Reise- und Kriegsapotheke), 452, 555, 513.
TICINENSIS (JOHANNES).
See JOHANN von Tetzen.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratnr, 1806-08, p. 31.
TILEMANN (JOHANNES).
D. Tilemanni, Chymjarro (sic) Mathematici, Lapis Ignis Basilij, Das ist :
Guldiner Apffel, von dem Goldbaum defs jrrdischen Lebens decerpiret,
durch welches Anatomi die geheime vnd verborgene Vniversal-Medicin, sambt
andern hierzu nothigen Wissenschafften, geoffenbaret wird. Jst zwar der zu
Vngarn vnd Boheimb Konigl. May. Ferdinando III. Victori, zu sondern
Ehren vnterthiinig an Tag gegeben durch Johannem Henricum Menni,
Medicum zu Reittlingen im Wurtenberger-Land. Vnd zu Tubingen, im
TILEMANN—TINCTURA PHYSIC A
TILEMANN (JOHANNES). Continued.
Jahr 1635. bey Johann Conrad Geifslern gedruckt : Aber lang zuvor in
Hessen, vnd Strafsburg gearbeitet, vnd erlernet, auch anjetzo auf das neu
recidiret, corrigieret, in etwas deutlichers erklaret, vnd vermehret worden.
Gedruckt zu Augspurg, bey Johann Schultes. Anno Messiae 1666.
4°. Sigs. A-E in fours, or pp. (40).
[Another Copy.]
Tilemann was a professor of medicine at Marpurg Brevis delineatio praxeos oryctologicae, seu
in the middle of the seventeenth century, was a modus cognoscendorum & probandorum fossilium,
chemist and astrologer, and made known an thermarum & acidularum, Wiimburg, 1657, 8°.
amulet of his invention to which he ascribed great Experimenta circa veras & irreducibiles Auri
virtue. He wrote and edited several works : solutiones, ante triennium in Italia edita & nunc
• Job. Wblfius' Beschreibung der Sauerbrunnen zu ... recusa. Cum prsefatione D. Joelis Lange-
Wildungen, Marpurg, 1639, 8°. lotti. Hamburg! 1673, 12°, pp. [18] 34.
Hippocrates Aphorism! facili methodo digest!, Tilemannus Cous, s. praxis hippocratica e tene-
with an Appendix de materia Medica. bris eruta, Ulm, 1681, 12°, after his death.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, pp. Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi-
40 a, 147 b, 260 b, 491 a. corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 585.
Mercklin, Lindenius renavatus, 1686, p. 694. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 670
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, ('Cous, s. hippocratica praxis,' Ulm, 1680, 4°, a
1731, II. ii. p. 380. compendium of anatomy, with directions for setting
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicts, up skeletons, and preserving subjects).
1732, p. 142. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p, 325.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1776, i.
p. 849. p. 46 ; 1777, ii. p. 643.
Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 672 ;
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 310. 1798, ii. pp. 24, 135, 272.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xuv- c°l- T44« Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 250 ;
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 1869, ii. p. 242.
1751, pp. 606, 674. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 558.
Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
coL 1197.
TINCTUR.
Ein Tinctur oder elixier eines unbekandten Philosophi.
See TRISSMOSIN (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. 1598, p. 114.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymiae, 1610 ; Appendix Tomi Primi,
p. 178.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 250.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 178.
TINCTURA PHILOSOPHORUM.
See BESCHREIBUNG (Eine) von der wahren Tinctura Philosophorum.
TINCTURA PHYSICA.
Vollkommener Bericht vnd Handgriff, in Zubereitung des Lapidis Philoso-
phorum, vnd Tincturae Physicae.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614,
Theil ii. p. 25.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 370.
TINCTUREN—TOELTIUS 457
TINCTUREN.
See PARTICULAR vnd Vniversal Tincturen (Von den).
TITOT (PETRUS ABRAHAMUS).
Omnipotens adsit cceptaq; Jehova secundet ! Naturae et vsus Thermarum
Plumbariarum Lotharingiae, brevis Descriptio quam loco Speciminis Inau-
guralis Jussu & Decreto Excellentissimorum, Nobiliss. ac Celeberr. Artis
Apollineae Procerum in Inclyta Rauracorum Vniversitate pro Summis in
Medicini Honoribus, Privilegiis, atque Immunitatibus Doctoralibus, rite
ac legitime capessendis, Ad Diem x. Decembr. Anni M D CCVI. Horis
consuetis in Auditorio hyberno, Solenni Philiatrorum examini submittit
Petrvs Abrahamvs Titot, Montisbelgardensis. Basileae, Literis Jacobi
Bertschii.
No date (1706).
4°. Pp. [4, 34].
A dissertation on the hot springs of Plombieres, quoted by Lelong, from a ' Discours de la vertu &
in Lorraine. Nothing seems to be recorded about proprie'te' des Bains de Plombieres,' Paris, 1581, 8°,
the author, except that he was a physician at to that by Durand and Calmet, Nancy, 1748, and
Montbe'liard at the end of the seventeenth century, the following by J. Le Maire : Essay sur la Maniere
and wrote the present dissertation on these de prendre les Eaux de Plombieres, par J. Le Maire,
springs. Lelong mentions an edition, Basileae, Membre de 1' Acade'mie des Scavans d'Allemagne,
1686, 4°, and adds : This description is also Me"decin de I'Hdtel de S. A. S. Madame la Prin-
printed pp. 528-576, of Theodore Zwinger's cesse Abbesse, & Stipendie" & Remiremont. A
collection; Fasciculus Dissertationum Medicarum Remiremont, chez Laurent, Imprimeur Ordinaire de
selectiorum, Basileae, 1710, in 8°. This, however, la Ville & Marchand Libraire. M.D.CC.XL.VIII.
does not quite tally with what is stated in the Avec Approbation & Privilege du Roi. Small 8°,
above title, namely that the thesis was delivered in pp. 115 [5]. This tract deals with the use and
1706. Gmelin gives this last date only. Several effects of the waters rather than their natural history
works on the mineral waters of Plombieres are and composition.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xliv. col. 467. Carrere, Catalogue raisonnf des Ouvrages qui
Jacques Lelong, ftibliotheque Historique de la ont fit publics sur les Eaux Mine"rales, 1785, p. 365
France, Nouvelle Edition . . . par M. Fevret de (se'conde Partie, No. 658).
Fontette, Paris, 1768, i. p. 180, No. 3152. (Nos. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 753.
3149-3160 include the treatises on these waters.) Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 578.
TOELTIUS (J G ).
J. G. Toeltii, des Welt-beriihmten Philosophi Coelum Reseratum Chymicum
oder Philosophischer Tractat worinne nicht allein die Materien und Hand-
griffe, woraus und wie der Lapis Philosophorum in der Vor- und Nach-
Arbeit zu bereiten, sondern auch, wie aus alien vier Reichen der Natur,
als Astral- Animal- Vegetabil- und Mineralischen Reiche, vortreffliche und
unschatzbare Tincturen und Medicamenta, sowohl zu Erhaltung der Gesund-
heit und des Lebens, als auch Verbesser- und Transmutirung der unvoll-
kommenen Metallen zu verfertigen, oflFenhertzig gezeiget wird, mit Figuren
denen Liebhabern der wahren Hermetischen Philosophic zu Liebe ausge-
fertiget von einen Kenner derselben. Franckfurth und Leipzig, Druckts
und verlegts Carl Friedrich Jungnicols hinterlassene Wittwe in Erffurth, 1737.
8°. Pp. [16, frontispiece included] 337 [for 336]. Woodcuts of apparatus in the
text. Title red and black.
To the preface the author signs his name as J. G. Toslten. The editor was Johann Carl von Friesau,
J. F. R. C.
458 TOELTIUS—TOLLIUS
TOELTIUS (J G ). Continued.
Coelum reseratum Chymicum.
See SCHLUSSEL der wahren Weisheit, 1787.
This is an exposition of Toeltius' book.
The author of the Missiv, 1783, p.ioi, warns his only in MS., forming the third section of a work,
readers against confusing Toeltius with Jacob Tol- "Schliissel der wahren Weisheit," of which the
lius, who seems to have written a work with exactly first section was printed in 1772 and 1775, and with
the same title : Coelum reseratum chymicum. This, considerable differences in Schroder's ' Sammlung,'
however, according to the Missiv (p. 98), existed II., ii.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, x^v- c°l- 889 Semler, U nparteiische Samlungen zur Historic
(merely mentions the book, 1737, 8 ). der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. pp. 75, 104, 171.
Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Brudtrschaft des Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemic, 1798, ii. p. 324
Ordens des Goldenen undRosenkreuzes, 1783, p. 100. (calls him Toeltin).
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
p. 665 (calls him Toeltinus). 1806-08, p. 261.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 361, 371.
TOEPFER (BENEDICT).
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS).
TOISON (La) d'Or.
See TOYSON (La) d'Or.
TOLETANUS.
See ROSARIUM PHILOSOPHORUM.
Balbian's edition, 1599. Mercklin, Lindenius Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
renovatus, 1686, p. 1030. Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 467 (calls him Pierre, but
Mangel, BMiothecaScriptorumMedicorum, 1731, surely he does not mean the inquisitor?); iii. pp.
II. ii. p. 384. 40, 310.
TOLLIUS (JACOBUS).
Coelum Chemicum.
See CON- ET DISSENSUS Chymicorum . . . 1715.
Le Chemin du Ciel Chymique.
See LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE), Lettre d'un
Philosophe, 1688.
Jacob! Tollii Fortuita, in quibus, praeter Critica nonnulla, tota Fabularis
Historia Graeca, Phoenicia, yEgyptiaca, ad Chemiam pertinere asseritur.
Amstelaedami, Apud Janssonio-Waesbergios. C!D ID CLXXXVII.
8°. Pp. [16] 375 (for 379) [32, i blank]. 2 engraved plates. Title red and black.
There is a review of this book in the Acta Eruditorum, Lips., 1687, vi. p. 393.
Jacobi Tollii Manuductio ad Coelum Chemicum, Amstelodami quondam
primum, nunc vero revisa et a mendis typographicis repurgata, in
gratiam curiosorum, Iterum Edita ab Autore Tractatus praecedentis De
Particulari Rustici Minoris.
Without date, place, and printer's name.
8°. Pp. 20. A fragment.
This seems to have been taken from a copy of 8°, pp. 16; in French, Amst., 1688, 12°, and in
the book : Con- et Dissensus Chymicorum, 1715 German, Jena, 1758, 8°.
(q.v.). There were other editions: Amstel., 1688,
TOLLIUS
459
TOLLIUS (JACOBUS). Continued.
Jacobi Tollii Medicinse Doctoris, und ehemaligen Professoris eloquentise auf
der Universitat Duisburg Sapientia Insaniens oder Tolle Weifsheit, Das ist
die Erfullung seines in der Handleitung zum chemischen Himmel gethanen
Versprechens, worinnen dasjenige, was er in gedachten Tractat gleichsam nur
obenhin beriihret, nunmehro volliger, und mit allem Fleifs erklaret wird.
An die Herren Biirgermeister der Stadt Amsterdam vormahls in lateinischer
Sprache geschrieben ; Nunmehro aber ins Deutsche ubersetzet, und mit
einigen Anmerckungen erlautert, wie auch mit einem vollstandigen Register
versehen von J. C. L. Ph. & M.D. Jena verlegts Christian Friedrich
Gollner. 1753.
8°. Pp. 138 [22]. Folding table.
'The title shows,' says Schmieder, ' that at that time the unfortunate Toll had grown sane.1
[Another Copy.]
There was a previous'edition, Amstelaedami, 1689, 8°, pp. 64.
Jacob Toll, or Tollius, was born in the early half of
the seventeenth century, studied under Gronovius
and /Emilius, and was also some time with Vossius.
He acted as amanuensis to Heinsius in Sweden,
but was charged with having appropriated some
literary property of his and used it as his own.
On his return to Holland he became rector at
Gouda, somewhere about 1666. He took the
degree of M.D. in 1669, and practised at Noord-
wyck. After failing in his application for several
posts he became rector at Leyden, and finally
obtained the professorship of history, rhetoric, and
Greek, at Duisburg. In 1687 he was at Utrecht,
and published his book Fortuita. He resigned
his professorship and started on his travels,
visiting the greater part of Central Europe,
Germany, Hungary, and then to Italy, meeting
the notable men of the time, seeing all the
curiosities of art and nature, and examining the
libraries. The outcome of his travels was his
posthumous book, Epistolee Itineraries, Amst.,
Fabricius, Histories Bibliothecee Fabricianes Pars
HI. 1719, pp. 359, 442.
Adrien Baillet, Jugemens des Savans, 1722, ii. p.
462, No. 547 (merely a reference to his edition of
Ausonius).
Bibliotheca Riviniana, 1727, p. 530, &c.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 385.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheces metallicee,
1732, p. 142 (' Epistolas ').
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. 100, in (I., lib.
i. cap. xi. §§17, 55); i. p. 863 (I., lib. iv. cap. xi.
§ 14) ; i. p. 913 (I., lib. iv. cap. xiv. § 15).
Kurlze Nachricht von den BUchern und deren
Urhebern in der Stollischen Bibliothec, Jena, 1735,
Der funfte Theil, p. 506 (mere mention of the
' Epistolae Itinerariae,' 1701).
Jon. Adam Weber, Einltitung in die Historic
der Lateinischen Sprache, Chemnitz, 1736, p. 755.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740,
P- 854-
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 416, 484; iii. p. 311.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xliv. col. 1130.
1700, 4°, pp. [18] 260 [14] and 16 separate plates,
edited by Henr. Christian Henninius. In this work
he gives an account of his visits to mines, notes on
minerals and mineral waters, on chemical gold and
medals therefrom, and he refers to various chemists,
including Kunckel, whom he visited in Berlin and
of whom he expresses the highest opinion (pp. 46-47).
On his return to Holland in 1692, he settled at
Utrecht and opened classes for private instruction,
but as he had not obtained permission for these
from the University, he got no pupils, and he
finally lived in great poverty, and died in 1696.
He was an able scholar, and published a number
of works ; one which he meditated was a collection
of the Greek alchemical poets, but it was never
completed.
Among his works may be mentioned his edition
of ' Ausonius]Maximusex vetustis codicibus,' Amst.,
1669, 12°, and ' Animadversiones criticae ad Longini
ire/it ityoi/s,' Lugd. Bat., 1777, 12°; Traj. ad Rhen..
1694, 4°.
Burmann, Trajectumervditum,\i$o, pp. 368-374.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
I75I> PP- I03. 981 (' Fortuita').
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1239.
Burcard Gotthelff Struvius, Bibliotheca Histories
litterariee selecta, Jenae, 1754, i. p. 129 ; 1761, ii.
pp. 1469, 1639.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
1755, ii. p. 415 ; 1778, iv. p. 409.
Freytag, Adparatus literarius, 1755, "'• P- 710.
Chauffepig, Nouveau Dictionnaire historique et
critique, 1756, iv. pp. 460-465 (long detailed article
with numerous references ; Note / deals with his
chemical views).
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 98 (only
the Manuductio).
Missiv an die Hocherleuchtcte Bruderschaft des
Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, p. 98.
Moehsen, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Wissen-
schaften in der Mark Brandenburg, 1783, p. 48.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785
PP- 53.6, 5Si, 639.
Saxius, Onomasticon literarium, 1785, v. p. 189.
460
TOLLIUS— TONDI
TOLLIUS (JACOBUS). Continued.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1788, iv.
pp. 15, 285.
Bougin6, Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar-
geschichte, 1790, iii. p. 121.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 22,
23, 238.
Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, "• P- 44°-
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litleratur,
1806-08, p. 176.
Biographie Me"dicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25). vii. P- 346.
Biographic Universelle, 1826, xlvi. p. 211 ; no
date, xli. p. 646.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 461.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 335 ;
1869, ii. p. 326.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1115.
Nouvelle Biographie Gdnlrale, 1866, xlv. col. 474.
Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869,
i. p. 15.
L,a.Ara.g\K,BibHotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, No. 1238-9.
Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck der
Nederlanden, 1876, xix. p. 176.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 346, 361.
(Kopp is severe on Tollius.)
TOtLE.
See ALTUS, Liber Mutus.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1146.
TOMB (The) of Semiramis hermetically sealed, which if a Wise-man open (not
the Ambitious Covetous Cyrus) he shall find the Treasures of Kings, inex-
haustible Riches to his content.
See COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684.
Separately paged.
See TUMBA Semiramidis.
TOMBEAU (Le) de la Pauvrete.
See ATREMONT (H. d').
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 624.
TONDI (MATTEO).
Istituzioni di Chimica per servire ad un Corso d' Operazioni appartenenti
alia medesima del Professore di Medicina D. Matteo Tondi per uso del
suo studio private, in cui si spiegano tutti i fenomeni colla semplice, e
nuova Teoria Pneumatica, e si da una distinta idea delle sostanze Gassose.
Napoli Con Pubblica Facolta. MDCCLXXXVI.
8°. .Pp. [2] 315 [i, 13, 3 blank].
This book is of some interest, ist, because- the
author had adopted Lavoisier's views ; 2nd, because
the book shows the extent and scope of the science
at the time ; 3rd, because it shows how substances
were classified before the idea of elements had
been established.
Tondi published remarks upon the Earths.
The fullest account of him which I have seen is
that given by Riccio.
Matteo Tondi, a distinguished naturalist, was
born at Sanseverino in 1762, and, at Naples, studied
and afterwards taught chemistry, botany, and
zoology, and is reputed the first chemist in Italy to
teach the so-called pneumatic chemistry. He went
to Germany to study metallurgy, and distinguished
himself by his learning before the famous Ruprecht,
professor in the Mining Academy at Chemnitz, and
director of the imperial chemical laboratory. By
his experiments he discovered new metallic reguli,
which he called Borbonio Partenio, Austro. For
these discoveries he was much commended,
especially by the Chevalier Born, Aulic Councillor
in the department of mines and money of the
Austrian Empire, who published a Latin dedication
to Tondi, and included his discoveries among the
others in metallurgy.
He returned to Naples, but was banished in
1799, and at Paris was nominated professor adjunct
to Dolomieu at the Museum of Natural History.
There he taught oryctognosy and oreognosy with
great success.
In 1808 he was sent by the French Government
to Spain to collect minerals and geological speci-
mens, and near Boulon, in the Pyrenees he dis-
covered a granular carbonate of lime, not inferior
to the marble of Carrara and Paros. Recalled to
Naples, he was appointed inspector general of
waters and forests, and then professor of oryctology
in the University. He died 17 Nov., 1835. He
was a member of numerous learned societies at
home and abroad, and was the author of several
works on forestry, fossils, oreognosy, mineral and
geological travels in Spain, &c.
TONDI— TRA CTA T 461
TONDI (MATTEO). Continued.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 466, Camillo Minieri Riccio, Memorie storiche degli
652 (' Instituzioni,' sic). scrittori nati nel Regno di Nafoli, Napoli, 1844,
Atti del Real Institute d" Incorraggiamento alle 8°, p. 353.
scienze naturali di Napoli, Napoli, 1828, iv. pp. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
xxviii, xxxvi. worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1116.
TOYSON (La) d'Or.
See TRISSMOSIN (SALOMON), 1612.
See AUREUM VELLUS.
TRACTATLEIN. '
See DREY VNTERSCHIEDLICHE . . . Tractatlein, 1606.
See DREY CURIEUSE Chymische Tractatlein, 1704.
See FUNF CURIEUSE Chymische Tractatlein, 1767.
TRACTATLEIN iiber die Alchymie.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii.
p. 511.
TRACTATLEIN wie der gebenedeyte Stein der Weisen zu machen.
See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. i.
TRACTATLEIN von Lapide Philosophorum Anonymi.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. 234.
TRACTATLEIN (Ein), in welchem etliche schone Particular Stiicklein begriffen
sind.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614,
Theil ii. p. 257.
See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 554.
TRACTAT.
See GULDENER (Ein) TRACTAT vom Philosophischen Steine, 1625.
See VORTREFFLICHER (Ein) Tractat von der . . . Composition des Lapidis
Philosophorum.
TRACTAT (Ein) von einem sehr vornehmen Philosopho, ist gleichsam ein
Commentarius iiber den Bernhardum.
See BECHER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Chymischer Glucks-Hafen, 1726, p. i.
TRACTAT von denen Irrgangen derer Alchymisten.
See SAMMLUNG unterschiedlicher bewahrter Chymischer Schriften, 1746, p. 335.
TRACTAT von der Occulta Chemicorum Philosophia.
See OCCULTA (Von der) Chemicorum Philosophia, ein kurtzer Tractat.
462 TRACT AT— TRACTATUS
TRACTAT vom Philosophischen Stein.
See GUT (Ein) Fundament, oder Tractat vom Philosophischen Stein.
TRACTAT von Philosophischen Werck des Steins der Weisen.
See H. (E.), Ein ausftihrlicher Tractat, . . . 1702.
TRACTATULUS rhytmicus vom Stein der Weisen.
See VIER aufserlesene Teutsche Chemische Biichlein, 1697, p. 234.
See VIER unterschiedene Chymische Tractatlein, 1772, p. 29.
TRACTATULUS Rythmicus novus vom Stein der Weysen.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Rosarium Novum Olympicum, Pars Prima, 1608,
p. 58.
TRACTATULUS, sea descriptio Philosophici Adrop, ejusque praeparatio.
See MONTE (GUIDO MAGNUS DE).
TRACTATULUS super haec verba: men fugi dum bibit.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, IV. p. 974-
TRACTATULUS super haec verba: Studio namque florenti.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 955.
TRACTATUS ALCHYMIvE.
See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. ioi.
TRACTATUS Aureus de lapide philosophico.
See MUSEUM Hermeticum, 1749, p. i.
See also GCLDENER (Ein) Tractat vom Philosophischen Stein, 1625.
A German version. On this ' Tractatus ' see the note to RHENANUS ( Johann).
TRACTATUS brevis sed non levis de Lapide Philosophico.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, "'• P- 69^-
TRACTATUS Chymicus Antiquissimus & vere Aureus, in quo spectare licet
Fundamenta Verae Chymise, nee non Figuram Verissimam Hermeticam, et
facillimam viam ad Medicinam Universalem, cum curiosis quatuor Epis-
tolis cuiusdam Adepti, in lucem datus ab uno Verae Chymiae Amatore.
Augustas Vind. Apud David Reymund Mertz, & Joann Jacob Mayer, 1721.
8". Pp. [12 including the frontispiece, 36], [i, I blank].
TRACTATUS 463
TRACTATUS Duo Chemici singulares & breves quorum Prior est Johannis
Belye Angli. Alter Bernhardi Comitis Trevirensis. His Appendicis loco
adduntur
1. Doctrina elegans de opere Philosophico, ex libro ms. H. Aquilae Thuringi.
2. Excerpta quaedam ex Epistolis Eduardi Kellsei Angli.
3. Fragmentum ex Theoriis Johan. Isaaci Hollandi.
Omnia hactenus nondum edita. Geismariae, Typis Salomonis Schadewitz,
Sumptibus Sebaldi Kohlers. M.DC.XLVII.
8°. Pp. 38 [2 blank].
This is an extract from the collection that was The tracts are separately paged. Besides the above
edited by Ludovicus Combachius : Tractatus ali- the collection contains writings by Ferrarius,
quot chemici singulares sumnium philosophorum Dausten, and an anonymous author,
arcanum continentes . . . Geismarias, . . . 1647, 8°.
Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. 15.
TRACTATUS Mago-Cabbalistico-Chymicus.
See SALLWIGT (GREGORIUS ANGLUS), 1729.
TRACTATUS de Marchasita, ex qua fit Elixir ad album uerissimum.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 254.
TRACTATUS de Mercuric Philosophico.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 697.
TRACTATUS de Philosophia Metallorum.
See BARNAUD (NICOLAS), Quadriga Aurifera, 1599, p. n.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 791.
TRACTATUS Philosophicus ad Rubrum & Album.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. IOOI.
See APPENDIX ad faciliorem Radicis Chymise intellectum, p. 108.
TRACTATUS PHYSICO-CHYMICUS.
Die mit dein Marte genau-vereinigte Venus : oder Tractatus Physico-Chymicus.
In sich haltend, verschiedener Autorum Meynungen, Ob- und wie aus
Eisen Kupffer gemacht werden konne? Aus verschiedenen Biichern und
Manuscriptis zusammen getragen. Rostock, In Verlegung, Johann Hein-
rich Rufsworms. Im Jahr Christi 1706.
8°. Pp. 46 [a blank].
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothtcee Metallicee, 1732, p. 98.
TRACTATUS vom Saltz der Weisen.
See TRISSMOSIN (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, 1598, Tractatus iii. p. 206.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi,
p. 361.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 315.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 361.
464 TRA CTA TUS— TRAIT&
TRACT ATUS de secretissimo antiquorum Philosophorum arcano.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 554.
Under this title are included three tracts, with a Tractatus secundus aureus de Lapide Philosoph-
Praefatio. ' Tractatus primus ' consists of excerpts orum Joannis de Lasnioro, with a folding table,
from the following writers : Tractatus tertius nobilis Joannis Trithemii
1. Rogerus Baco. Abbatis Spanheimensis.
2. Raymundus Lullius. The collection was published originally in Latin
3. Rosarius Arnoldi. in 1611, without place or printer's name, small 8°,
4. Clamor Buccinae. pp. [95, i blank],
5. Rosarius Minor. Appended to it is a tract in German :
6. Richardus Anglicus. Tractatus Chemicus des alien hocherleuchten
7. Calid Rex. Philosophi, Theologi vnd Medici, Arnoldi de Nova
8. Avicenna. Villa, so vor vierhundert Jahren gelebt. Vor
9. Bernhardus Comes. niemals im druck gesehen, jtzo aber durch einen
10. Turba Philosophorum. Liebhaber der Spagyrischen kunst den Filiis doc-
XXII. Propositiones sive Maximae in quibus trinae zu gut an tag geben, pp. [60, 4 blank].
veritas totius Artis Chemicae brevissime
comprehenditur.
TRACTATUS de Sulphure.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL).
TRACTATUS, darinnen das gantz Secret der Alchimey vom Stein der Weisen
begriffen est.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614,
Theil iii. p. 38.
See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 623.
TRACTATUS Tres de Metallorum Transmutatione.
See BIRRIUS (MARTIN).
TRACTATUS Trium Verborum.
See BACON (ROGER), De Arte Chymiae Scripta, 1603, p. 292.
TRACTATUS de Vitriolo Philosophorum.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614,
Theil iii. p. 62.
See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 642.
TRACTETLEIN.
See TRACTATLEIN.
TRAUME des griechischen Philosopher! Aristobulus, nebst einer kurzen
Lebensbeschreibung des franzosischen Philosopher! Formosus. Aus dem
Franzosischen iibersetzt.
O vanas hominum mentes, o pectora coeca !
Leipzig, bey Carl Ludwig Jacob! sel. Wittwe, 1762.
8°. Pp. 80.
TRAITE d'un Philosophe inconnu.
See PHILOSOPHE.
TRAITE—TREA TISE
465
TRAITE des Affinites Chymiques.
See BERGMAN (TORBERN).
TRAMES facilis & planus ad Auream Hermetis arcem recta perducens.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 887.
Lenglet Dufresnoy (Histoire de la Philosophie ' Trames facilis ad auream Hermetis arcem, in-iz.
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 313) quotes what is Carolopoli, 1686.'
presumably the original edition of this reprint :
TRAUM GESICHT.
See FLORETUS a Bethabor.
TRAUTMANNSDORFF.
Griindliche Beschreibung von denen Particular- und Universal-Tincturen.
See THEORETISCH und praktischer Wegweiser zur hohern Chemie, 1773.
See also CALLUS (FRIEDRICH).
hibited his Panacea which shone in the dark. This
Panacea had prolonged his life to 140 years. He
He was a count, who attained either by accident
or design an elixir of life. To travellers, who visited
him in 1609 in his hermit's cell near Trient, he ex-
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen sur Historic
der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. Chronologisches Re-
gister, Ann. 1609.
died in 1609.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 181.
Schelenz, Geschichte der PAarmaaie, 1904, p. 241.
TRAVAGINUS (FRANCISCUS).
See PETROUS (PETRUS PAULUS), Museum Travaginianum, 1679.
Travaginus was a physician and mathematician
of Ragusa, who was living about 1613, and wrote a
work entitled : Indicium gyri terrae diurni.
Lipenius, followed by Gmelin, quotes a work :
Synopsis novae Philosophiae et Medicinae, Venet. ,
1667, 12°, by Franciscus Travaginus, but whether
or not he be the same as the other, I am not certain.
Besides these he edited another work, of which
the following title is given by Haller : Georg Aras
Enchiridion hermetico medicum, in quo virtutes,
doses atque appropriationes omnium fere medica-
mentorum spagiricorum compendiose describuntur.
Ace. Idea, s. synopsis vivse & experimentalis illius
philosophise, quantum ad dicta medicamenta, turn
ad alios usus, accurante Fr. Travagino Venet.
1666, 12°.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, p. 177 b.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 301.
Neue Leipziger Zeitung von gelehrten Sacken,
1730. P- 381.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 396.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xlv. col. 53.
Zedler's account is somewhat different. He says
that he flourished in the latter half of the seven-
teenth century and was a good physicist and phy-
sician at Venice. The titles which he quotes are
fuller, i. Super observationibus a se factis tempore
ultimorum terroe notuum ac potissimum Ragusini
physicam disputationem, s. gyri terrae diurni judi-
cium, without place, 1673, 4 ; Leyden, 1669. 2.
Synopsis novae philosophise & medicmaecujus funda-
menta s. principia 2 salia, aciduin & salsum, Venet.,
1687 ; a later edition, unless one or other be a mis-
print. In the former of these he recorded observa-
tions on earthquakes in 1661 and in 1667 at Venice
and Ragusa, and advanced a theory about their
cause and direction.
Though the dates are not quite concordant, no
doubt the same person is denoted.
Tocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1295.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii.
pp. 193 (Georg Aras' 'Enchiridion,' 1666), 447
(Museum Travaginianum, 1679)
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 244.
TREASURE (The) of Treasures, or the Golden Medicine.
See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, 1680, p. 97.
TREATISE (A) of the Philosophers Stone, the Blessed Manna, &c., with its
wondrous virtues and use, both for the curing of the Body of Man and
making of precious stones.
Se AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, l68o, p. IO7
II. 2 G
466
TRES-ANCIEN—TRE VIS ANUS
TRES-ANCIEN (Le) duel des Chevaliers ou Dialogue Chymique de la pierre
physique.
See DIVERS TRAITEZ de la Philosophic naturelle, 1672, p. 275.
See URALTER RITTER-KRIEG.
This translation of the Uralter Ritter-Krieg was
made from Faber's Latin translation, Toulouse,
1646, and diverges from the German. See what is
said in the preface to LE TRIOMPHE HERMETIQUE,
and see the note under URALTER RITTER-KRIEG.
TRESOR (Le) de Tresors.
See LINTHAUT (HENRI DE), 1610.
TREUHERTZIGE Warnungs-Vermahnung an alle Liebhaber der wahren Natur
gemesen Alchemise Transmutatoriae, von einem Liebhaber der Wahrheit
aufgesetzt.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDRICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum 1728, i.
pp. 289-312.
See THARSANDER, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, pp. 95-117.
Upon this work Tharsander says : ' The author
styles himself Ricenus Thrasibulus, but I conjecture
that it was Michael Maier ; because Felix Maurer
in the Amphitheatro Mag. Univ. Lib. 13, fag. 572,
states that Michael Maier, the well-known Rosi-
crucian, who went about to the German courts, did
not badly in collecting in a book the most notable
impostures and juggling tricks, which deserved
printing anew as a preface to all alchemical writ-
ings. Accordingly, I am of opinion that this is
Wiegleb, Historisch-kritische Untersuchung der
Alchemic, 1777, p. 373.
just Mich. Maier's writing." This seems a very
narrow foundation for such a superstructure, and
while one may admit the possibility of Michael
Maier being the author, it is certainly not because
of Tharsander's attempted demonstration. Still,
this identification by Tharsander was accepted by
Murr.
This book was afterwards reprinted in the
' Probier-Biichlein ' of Modestin Fachs, Leipzig,
1678, pp. 127-142.
Murr, Litterarische Nachrichten zu der Geschichte
des sogenannten Goldmachens, 1805, p. 113.
TREVISANUS.
See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS.
Care must be taken not to confuse Bernhard of
Trevisan, one of the lights of alchemical literature
and history, with another Bernardo Trevisano, who
flourished two centuries later. He was a Venetian,
born in 1652, who was devoted to languages and
philosophy, mathematics and painting, and died in
1720. He is mentioned by Bougind, Handbuch
einer allgemeinen Litter argeschichte, 1792, v.
p. 22. There is also to be distinguished a Ber-
nardinus Trivisanus, born at Padua in 1506, who
studied arts and medicine there, and was suc-
cessively professor of logic, of materia medica, and
of the theory of medicine. He died in 1583, aged
77. Freher (Theatrum virorum eruditione claro-
rum, 1688, p. 1280) has given a short notice of
him.
The first German edition is said to be that of
Strasburg : Von der Hermetischenn Philosophia,
das ist, von dem Gebenedeiten Stain der Weisen.
Der hocherfahrnen vnd fiirtreflichen Philosophen
Herren Bernhardi, Grauen von der Marck, vnd
Teruis ein Buch. Item, Dicta Alani, Darinn alles
hell vnd klar an tag geben wirdt. Ex libris
Doctoris Henrici Vuolfnj. Vormals nie im Truck
aufsgangen. Cum gratia & priuilegio Caesareo.
Getruckt zu Strafsburg bey Christian Miiller. 1574.
Small 8°, unpaged, sigs. A to M in eights, N4-
Editions in 1586 and 1597 are reported. That of
1601 has the same title as the preceding, but it
professes to be ' Jetzt von newem widerumb mil
fleifs corrigirt, vnd Vbersehen. Getruckt zu Strafs-
burg durch Anthonium Bertram. M.DCI.' The
title is red and black, the book is a small 8°, un-
paged, sigs. A to M, in eights. Toxites' preface,
dated Hagenaw, 1574, is reprinted from that earlier
edition. Tancke's edition appeared at Leipzig,
1605, and that by Kaspar Horn at Niirnberg, 1643,
8°, followed by an edition in 1717, and those of
1746, 1747, for which see Bernhardus.
The tract : De Chymico Miraculo, along with
the work of Dionysius Zacharias and the ' Annotata
quasdam ex Nicolao Flamello ' was edited by Ger-
ardus Dorneus, and published : Basilese, ex Officina
Haeredum Petri Pernse, Anno CIO loxxcill., small
8°, pp. [6] 198 [4 blank]. This collection was re-
printed : Basileae, Typis Conradi Waldkirchii.
Anno CIO IDC., small 8°, pp. [6] 198 [4 blank].
The treatise De Chemia, Opus historicum et dog-
maticum ex Gallico in Latinum simpliciter versum,
was first published at Strasburg in 1567, 8°, and
often afterwards.
His works in French are said to have first ap-
peared at Antwerp in 1565. His Trait6 de la Nature
de 1'oeuf des philosophes, was published at Paris,
1659, 8°, and La parole delaissee at Paris in 1618.
To the references already given under Bernhardus
the following may be added.
TRE VIS ANUS— TRIG A
467
TREVISANUS. Continued.
Michael Maier, Symbola Atireae Menses, 1617,
P- 253-
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 221.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, pp.
97 a, 241 b.
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 58.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp.
250 (apropos of Thomas de Bononia), 407.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 82.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 47.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 8, 213, 223 ;
ii. pp. 324, 328, 342, 352.
TREVUS (PERSIUS).
See SERVIUS (PETRUS).
TRIEVALD (MARTEN).
Martin Triewald von dem Grundstoffe und den Ursachen der Nahrung,
des Wachsthums und der Reife der Metalle und Mineralien in der
Erde. Aus dem Schwedischen iibersetzt von D. C. G. Groning. Leipzig
1795. bey Heinrich Graff.
8°. Pp. [2] 20.
This was a presidential discourse delivered to
the Swedish Academy in 1740 : Tal om amne och
orsaker till Metallers och Mineraliers foda, till-
tagande och mognande vaxt i jorden, vid Praesidii
nedlaggande i Vet. Akad. 1740. (33 Observations
in the Transactions of the Royal Swedish Academy
and one in the Acta of the Academy of Upsala.)
Trievald was born at Stockholm, 18 Nov., 1691.
While still young, he came to England, and
attended the lectures of Desaguliers, and became
acquainted with Newton. Natural philosophy was
the subject which he pursued most eagerly, and,
after ten years' absence, he returned home. At
the Ritterhaus in Stockholm he taught experimental
physics and mechanics, received a pension from
the King, with the title of Director of Mechanics,
and, not long after, was appointed captain of
mechanics and fortification.
In 1738 he mooted the idea of, and, along with
Ernst Ludewig Rathlef, Geschichte jetztlebender
Gelehrlen, Zelle, 1742, Vierter Theil, pp. 498-515.
Lars Laurel, Aminnelse-Tal ofver Capitaine
Mechanicus vid Fortificationen och Medlen uti
Kongl. Svenske Vetenskaps Academien Herr M&rten
Trievald, hallet p& Store Riddar-Hus Salen, den
23 Decemb. 1747, Stockholm, 1748, 8°, pp. [2] 30.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1315.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 242.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 221.
Georg Gezelius, Forsok till et biographiskt Lexi-
con ofver namn-kunnige och Idrde Svenske man,
Stockholm, Upsala & Abo, 1780, iii. pp. 291-294.
five others, founded the Royal Swedish Academy
of Sciences.
In 1746, 1747, he delivered two papers to the
Reichstand in Swedish, entitled : ' Dutch gold
mine,' which referred to the Dutch fisheries, and
urged his countrymen to undertake similar work.
It was translated into German in the Hamburg
Magazine, where there is also a sketch of his life.
Trievald is called F.R.S., but I have not found
his name in Thomas Thomson's History. His
death occurred 8 Augt. , 1747.
An account of the founding of the Academy, and
a list of members to 1742, are given by Rathlef,
who also enumerates the members' publications.
Among these are some papers by Trievald, of
which a few relate to coal, and others to forcing-
houses for plants, transplanting of foreign fruit
trees to Sweden, growing of hops in Sweden, and
other practical topics. Haller quotes a paper by
him on bees, Stockholm, 1728, 8 .
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 454,
455, 705. 720 ; 1799, iii. p. 41.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 266, 268, 274, 305, 307.
Shering Rosenhane, Anteckningar horande till
Kongl. Vetensk. Academiens Historia, Stockholm,
1811, pp. 159, 178 (list of papers).
Biographiskt Lexicon ofver namnkunnige Svenske
man, 1838, iv. p. 74 ; 1842, viii. p. 290 ; 1843, ix.
pp. 79, 84; 1849, xvii. p. 311 (biographical notice
and references).
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1135.
TRI FOLIUM Becherianum Hollandicum.
See BECKER (JOHANN JOACHIM).
TRIGA CHEMICA.
See BARNAUD (NICOLAS).
468
TRIKLINIUM— TRISMEGISTUS
TRIKLINIUM.
See PHILOTHEUS DE LIMITIBUS, Das Hermetische Triklinium, 1792.
TRINCK-GOLD.
See KURTZER und griindlicher Unterricht vom wahren Trinck-Golde, 1731.
TRIOMPHE.
Le Triomphe Hermetique, ou la Pierre Philosophale victorieuse. Traitte'
plus complet & plus intelligible, qu'il y en ait eu jusques ici, touchant le
Magiste're Hermetique. A Amsterdam chez Henry Wetstein. 1689.
8°. Pp. [12] [2] 153 [i]. Title red and black. Folding plate.
Contains : Six Principales Clefs de la Philosophic Secrete,
L'Ancienne Guerre des Chevaliers . . . compost p. 121.
originairement en Alleman . . ., p. i.
Entretien d'Eudoxe et de Pyrophile sur 1'Ancienne
Guerre des Chevaliers, p. 27.
Lettre aux vrays Disciples d'Hermes contenant
This is signed Dives Sicut Ardens S***, i.e.
Sanctus Desiderius, or Limojon de Saint Disdier
(q.v.}.
See the note under URALTER RITTKR-KRIEG,
Le Triomphe Hermetique, ou la Pierre Philosophale victorieuse. Traitte'
plus complet & plus intelligible, qu'il y en ait eu jusques ici, touchant le
Magistere Hermetique. A Amsterdam, chez Henry Wetstein. 1699.
12°. Pp. [12] [2] 153 [i blank]. Title red and black. Folding plate.
Contains :
L'Ancienne Guerre des Chevaliers . . . Compose"
originairement en Alleman . . ., p. i.
Entretien d'Eudoxe & de Pyrophile sur 1'An-
cienne Guerre des Chevaliers, p. 27.
Lettre aux vrais Disciples d'Hermes contenant
six principales Clefs de la Philosophic Secrete,
p. 121.
Signed Dives Sicut Ardens S * * *, i.e. Sanctus
Desiderius, or Limojon de Saint Disdier (g-v.).
Le Triomphe Hermetique.
See HERMETICAL (The) Triumph.
See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph.
See TRES-ANCIEN (Le) Duel des Chevaliers.
See URALTER Ritter-Krieg.
TRIPUS AUREUS.
See MAIER (MICHAEL).
TRIPUS HERMETICUS Fatidicus.
See BECKER (JOHANN JOACHIM).
TRISMEGISTUS.
See HERMES TRISMEGISTUS.
To the references already given under Hermes
may be added the following :
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 201.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 411.
Job. Fr. Buddeus, Historia Ecclesiastica Veteris
Testamenti, ed. II. 1719, I. Per. i. Sect. iii. § 22,
pp. 429-436.
Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der philosophischen
Historie, Ulrn, 1731, i. p. 161.
M&ag&.,Bibliot/ieca.ScriptorumMedicorum, 1731,
II. ii. p. 398.
Georg Christoph Hamberger, Zuverldssige Nacfi-
richten von den vornehmsten Schriftstellern vom
Anfange der Welt bis 1500, Lemgo, 1756, i. pp.
18-23.
Brucker, Historia critica Philosophic, 1767, i.
(ed. secunda) pp. 252-264 (Lib. ii. cap. 7, §§ 3
(founder of Egyptian learning), 5 (Hermetic books),
6 (his discoveries) ) ; vi. p. 1 10.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 305, 348
(Hortulanus' Commentary).
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmasie, 1904, pp. 19,
201, 218.
TRISSMOSIN 469
[TRISSMOSIN (SALOMON).
Aureum Vellus Oder Guldin Schatz vnd Kunstkamer: . . . Getruckt zu
Rorschach am Bodensee. Anno M.D.XCVIII.]
4°. Pp. [3-8] 117 [i, 2 blank], wants the title. Tract. II. [2] 102. Portrait of
Paracelsus and woodcuts of apparatus. Tract. III. pp. 1-240. Hand-coloured and
plain woodcuts. Titles to Tracts. II. and III. in black and red. Tract. III. leaf
C i defective; C 2-4 wanting; Ei defective; £2-3, Fi-3, wanting. Gg is wrongly
imposed, and Hh wanting. MS. notes.
TRACTATUS I., n. Vom Stein der Weisen ein schoner Procefs
der gar alien Biicher, including Trissmosin's, p. i. Episcopi Melchioris Brixiensis Cardinalis Romae,
&c. , vnd ein Philosophischs Werck vnnd Gesprach,
TRACTATUS II. von dem Gelben vnd Rotten Man, p. 177.
1. Paracelsische Schrifften, p. i. 12. Von dem Rebis einem Stein, p. 191.
2. Korndorfferische Schrifften, p. 55. 13. Varia Philosophica, p. 193.
a. Capitulum, darinnen das gantze Werck
TRACTATUS III. kurtzlich begriffen, p. 194.
1. Splendor Solis mit schbnen Figuren, p. 3. b. Ein schb'nes Gedicht f de ~J p. 197.
2. Spiegel der Alchymey Herrn Vlrici Poyselii, c. Ein Gesprach -( Sat urn o >p. 200.
p. 60. d. Ein Gedicht (, philosophorum J p. 203,
3. Clauis, Sambt seiner Declaration der Chymi- e. De oleo philosophorum, p. 205.
schen handgriffen, p. 82. f. Vera praeparatio Mercurij, p. 205.
4. Allerley Particularia die handtgriff zuerlehrnen, 14. Tractatus vom Saltz der Weysen, p. 206.
p. 97. 15. Nouum Testamentum, p. 210.
5. Ein Tinctur oder elixier eines vnbekandten 16. Von dem Philosophischen Bley, p. 211.
Philosophi, p. 114. 17. Avicennae 7 regulae ex quibus componitur
6. Processus pro tinctura auff den Mercurium lapis Philosophorum, p. 213.
Solis vnd Lune, p. 123. 18. Tabula Scientiae maioris, p. 214.
7. Modus procedendi in praeparatione Lapidis 19. De Quinta Essentia vini pulcherrimus trac-
Philosophici, p. 126. tatus, p. 216.
8. Dialogus Philosophiae, p. 145. 20. Tabula Schmaragdina Hermetis Trismegisti
9. Exemplum Artis Philosophise. Ein Exemplum patns Philosophorum, p. 236.
der Philosophen Kunst, p. 153. This number wants the larger part of the poem
10. De Lapide Philosophorum, xii. capita incerti which accompanies the Tabula schmaragdina.
authoris, p. 157.
The whole of this forms the first three tractates in the 1708-1718, Hamburg, collection, entitled :
Eroffnete Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen (g.v.).
Aureum Vellus. Oder Guldin Schatz vnd Kunstkammer : Darinnen der aller
fiirnembsten, fiirtreffenlichsten, ausserlesenesten, herrlichsten vnd bewehrtesten
Auctorum Schrifften Biicher, aus dem gar vhralten Schatz der vberbliebnen,
verborgenen, hinterhaltenen Reliquien vnd Monumenten der AEgyptiorum,
Arabum, Chaldaeorum & Assyriorum, Konigen vnd Weysen, von dem Edlen,
Hocherleuchten, furtreffenlichen, bewehrten Philosopho Salomone Trismosino
(so des grossen Philosophi vnd Medici Theophrasti Paracelsi Praeceptor
gewesen) in sonderbare vnterschiedliche Tractetlein disponirt, vnd in das
Deutsch gebracht. Sampt andern Philosophischen, alter vnnd newer
Scribenten sonderbaren Tractetlein, alles zuuor niemalen, weder erhort
noch gesehen, wie der Catalogus zuuerstehen gibt. Durch einen der Kunst
Liebhabern mit grossem Kosten, Miihe, Arbeit vnd Gefahr, die Originalia
vnd Handschrifften zusammen gebracht, vnd auffs trewlichst vnd fleissigst
an tag geben. Erstlich Gedruckt zu Rorschach am Bodensee, Anno
M.D.XCIX.
8°. Pp. [14, 2 blank] 1-208. Imperfect. Portrait of Paracelsus on the reverse of
the title. Woodcuts of apparatus in the text. Title red and black. Part 2, with a
title-page, pp. [2] 1-158. Imperfect.
Part i contains to the end of section 9 of Part 2 contains Paracelsus and Korndorffer's
Trissmosin's Tract/it von alltrley Schvxfeli schen writings.
Kis ; all after that is wanting. Part 3, containing from Splendor Solis to the
Tabula Schmaragdina, is wanting.
470 TRISSMOSIN
TRISSMOSIN (SALOMON). Continued.
La Toyson d'Or, ou la Fleur des Thresors, en laquelle est succinctement &
methodiquement traicte de la Pierre des Philosophes, de son excellence,
effects & vertu admirable. Plus de son Origine, & du vray moyen de
pouuoir paruenir a sa perfection. Enrichies de Figures, et des propres
Couleurs representees au vif, selo qu'elles doiuet necessairement arriuer en
la pratique de ce bel Oeuure. Et recueillies des plus graues monuments
de 1'Antiquite, tant Chaldeens, Hebreux, Aegyptiens, Arabes, Grecs, que
Latins, & autres Autheurs approuuez. Par ce Grand Philosophe Salomon
Trismosin Precepteur de Paracelse. Traduict d'Alemand en Francois, &
commente en forme de Paraphrase sur chasque Chapitre par L. I. A
Paris, Chez Charles Sevestre, rue S. lacques deuant les Mathurins.
M. DC. XII. Avec Privilege du Roy.
8°. Pp. 13 [3] 219 [5 blank]. Curious engraved title extra, dated 1613. 24
symbolical etchings pasted into the book. No. 21 is blank. These etchings are not
coloured, as is evident from the title was intended, and as they are in the German
original.
There was a previous edition of 1602, according to Gmelin.
Ein Schreiben, so Theophrasto sein Lehrmeister zugeschrieben.
See VIER niitzliche Chymische Tractat, 1612, Sig. Nj. verso.
Schrifften.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICT/US), Rosarium Novum Olympicum, Pars Prima, 1608
(Extracts only).
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse der Stein der Weisen, 1718, p. i.
Trismosin, or Trissmosin, or Trissmosinus, tells of from seventy to ninety years of age, and it would
us that after seeing transmutation effected by a be easy for him with his secret medicine to prolong
miner who was an alchemist, 'his heart was his life to the last day.
sore' that he could not do the same, and so he Kopp has examined the Aureum Vellus, and
started as a journeyman in 1473 and went wher- after giving a list of the tracts with the curious
ever he had a chance to learn. After various names, of which Trismosin is styled the author,
adventures he came to Venice, where from concludes that the whole is spurious, and questions
Egyptian or Arabic books he acquired the whole if there was such a person as Trismosin.
secret, and made transmutation of all the metals. His name is mentioned by Gmelin and by
He met Paracelsus at Constantinople. Schmieder, who also quotes Trismosin's process
This narrative is contained in ' ' Tractat und for transmutation. Borrichius is not cornpli-
Wanderschafft defs . . . Herren Salomonis Trifs- mentary to the Vellus Aureum: " scatet nugis et
mosini" with which the Aureum Vellus of 1599 imposturis"; " omnia spirant ineptias," are his
opens. To the tincture also he ascribed not only words.
the power of prolonging life, but also of re- Lenglet Dufresnoy places him in 1570.
juvenescence. With half a grain he made himself The ' Aureum Vellus ' was translated by
suddenly young, and with a medicine from the William Backhouse, and there is a MS. of it in the
' red lion ' produced the same effect upon women Bodleian. It has not been printed.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 222, 271. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1806-08, p. 38.
1697, p. 27, No. xxxix. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
Keren Happuch, . . . odfr Teutsches Fegfeuer der 249, 253.
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 68. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 130 ;
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 1869, ii. p. 124.
Hermttique, 1742, i. p. 474 ; iii. p. 315. W. H. Black, Catalogue of the Manuscripts be-
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xlv. col. 909 queathed unto the University of Oxford by Elias
(refers to him as if his name was almost a pseudo- Ashmole, 1844, col. 1089, No. 1395.
nym, and mentions Von Tincturen, Stein der Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. pp. 179,
Weisen, 1677, 8° ; Aureum Vellus, Hamb., 1708, 219, 228.
4°). Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 148. Secretes, 1870, No. 899.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 98, 206, 242;
pp. 582, 629. ii. pp. 229, 381.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 296 ; Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
1798, ii. p. 3. 236, 239.
TRITHEIM 471
TRITHEIM (JOHANN).
Trithemii de Sponheim, Abts zu Kreutzburg, Giildenes Kleinod, oder : Schatz-
kastlein. Aus dem Lateinischen, um seiner Unschatzbarkeit willen, ins
Deutsche iibersetzt von Fr. Basilio Valentino, Ordinis benedicti im Kloster
St. Petri Anno Christi 1482. zum erstenmale herausgegeben, nebst zwoen
andern forne mit angedruckten seltenen Handschriften, von Jamimah
koranhapuCH. Leipzig, bey Paul Gotthelf Kummer, 1782.
8°. Pp. 135, frontispiece included [i blank]. Six woodcuts in the text.
The pseudonymous editor of this tract in assign- was a decayed parchment manuscript contained in
ing the translation to Basilius Valentinus in 1482, a silver box, found in the wall under the altar of
has not considered the dates of Trithemius and the old ruined church of Miinchshausen in the
Basilius respectively. The original, says the editor, Liineburg district.
[Another Copy.]
Biichlein de Lapide Philosophorum.
See NEANDER (THEOPHlLUs), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 43.
Epistola von den dreyen Anfangen aller . . . Kunst.
See SCHAUBERT (JOHANN), Consummata Sapientia, 1681, p. 231.
Epistola ad Germanum de Ganay data.
See SCHMID (RUDOLF JOHANN FRIEDRICH), Enchiridion Alchymico-Physicum,
1739-
Tractatus Chemicus nobilis.
See TRACTATUS de secretissimo Antiquorum Philosophorum Arcano, 1611,
No. iii.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 585.
Trithemius sui ipsius Vindex.
See SIGISMUNDUS, 1616.
Von der vndern Astronomey, das ist, von der Alchimey.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Rosarium Novum Olympicum, Pars Prima, 1608,
p. 1 6.
Extracts only.
Johann, called Trittenhemius, or Trithemius, a riot in the abbey. After that he did not return,
was born in 1462, at Trittenheim, near Trier, or but accepted the abbacy of St. James's at Wurz-
Trfives, where his father, Joh. Heidenberg, was a burg in 1506. He died there in 1519.
vine-dresser. He lost his father when he was only He was of great and varied acquirements ; was a
a year old, and was harshly used by his step- poet, philosopher, mathematician, historian and
father, whom his mother, after a lapse of seven theologian, understood Hebrew, Greek and Latin,
years, had married. He was forced to learn read- though his Latin style has been criticised as neither
ing and the rudiments of Latin from a neighbour elegant nor pure.
secretly at night. From a desire for knowledge he His works consist of commentaries, sermons,
went to Trier and afterwards to Heidelberg. In epistles, histories, such as the Annales Hirsau-
1482, on his way home, he was stopped by a snow- gienses (a chronicle of the Benedictine abbey of
storm and forced to stay at the abbey of Spanheim, Hirschau or Hirsau in Wiirtemberg, founded in
and, while there, suddenly made up his mind to 830), De Scriptpribus Ecclesiasticis, which is con-
join the Benedictines. He devoted himself to tained in Fabricius' Bibliotheca Ecclesiastics., Poly-
study, and in 1483 was chosen abbot. During the graphia, Steganographia, &c. , &c.
three and twenty years that he held the position, He seems to have given some attention to
he brought everything into order and enlarged the alchemy, and refers to it in his works, as in the
library extensively. During an absence of his at ' Annales,' in which he speaks of churchmen who
Heidelberg, certain disaffected monks, who re- followed the phantom. Among them he mentions
sented his strict rules, stirred up others and raised Rupescissa, who, he thinks, lost his head over it, and
472
JRITHEIM
TRITHEIM QOHANN). Continued.
in connection therewith gives a summary of the
outcome of the pursuit in words which have become
almost classical : Est autem Alchimia (ut more
loquamur humano) casta meretrix, quae amatores
plures habet, sed delusis omnibus in nullius unquam
pervenit amplexus. Ex stultis facit insanos, ex
divitibus pauperes, ex Philosophis fatuos, ex deceptis
loquacissimps deceptores, qui cum nihil sciant,
omnia se scire profitentur, quorum finis confusione
plenus est.
Another summary runs thus : Vanitas, fraus,
dolus, sophisticatio, cupiditas, falsitas, mendacium,
stultitia, paupertas, desperatio, fuga, praescriptio et
mendacitas, pedisse quae sunt Chymiae.
Cardan, De Rerum Varietate, Libri XVII., 1557,
p. 457 (about cyphers).
Pantaleon, Prosopographia . . . illustrium vir-
orum totius Germanics, 1565, i. p. 470 (with a fancy
portrait).
Thevet, Pourtraits et Vies des Hommes illustres,
1584, i. f. 164, with a portrait.
Possevinus, Apparatus Sacer ad Scriptores
Veteris et Novi Testamenti, 1608, i. p. 944.
Bellarminus, ' De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis,'
Opera, Colon. Agrip., 1617, vii. col. 193.
Naud6, Apologiepour tous les grands Personnages
qui ont estt faussement soupfonnez de la Magie,
1625, p. 505 ; English translation, 1657, p. 237.
Girolamo Ghilini, Teatro d' Huomini letterati,
Venetia, 1647, i. pp. 91-93.
Vpssius, De Historicis Lalinis Libri III., 1651,
lib. iii. cap. x. , pp. 644-646.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 222, 271.
Crasso, Elogii d' Huomini letterati, 1666, ii. pp.
18-22 ; portrait.
Thevet, Histoire des plus illustres et Sfavans
Hommes de leurs siecles, 1670, p. 257, with portrait.
Job. Gottfr. Olearius, Abacus patrologicus, Jenae,
1673, p. 268.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, pp.
241 b, 256 a.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 695.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 1436, portrait, plate 67.
"Trithzmms,AnnalesHirsa.ugienses, S. Gall., 1690,
ii. pp. 225 (Rupescissa), 287.
Louis Ellies Dupin, A new Ecclesiastical History ,
London, 1699, xiii. (i5th century), p. 102.
Louis Ellies Dupin, Nouvelle Bibliotheque des
Auteurs Ecclesiastiques, 1700, xii. p. 114.
Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractatus, 1700,
p. 581.
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, Th. iii. p. 255 ; 1710,
Th. v. p. 753.
Pope Blount, Censura celebriorum authorum,
Genevae, 1710, p. 503.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Ecclesiastica, 1718, Miraei
Auctarium, p. 99, No. DCCCV.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 398.
Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der philosophischen
Historic, Ulm, 1734, v. p. 515.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca latina medice et infimce
sEtatis, 1735, iv. p. 451 ; 1858, iv. p. 436.
Joh. Adam Weber, Einleitung in die Historic
der Lateinischen Sprache, Chemnitz, 1736, p. 382.
Niceron, Memoires, 1737, xxxviii. p. 210.
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1740, i.
p. 424 (Th. i. B. xv. C. 3, § 12), 606 (Anhang, No.
xlviii).
Kurtze Nachricht von den Biichern und deren
Other alchemists enumerated by him are Wern-
herus, Archbishop of Treves, Archbishop Joannes
who was victimized by alchemists, Bernardus,
abbot in Northeim, 'the Mecasnas of Alchemists,'
Andreas, abbot of Bamberg, who was devoted to
the subject, the Carthusian Prior of Niirnberg,
Melchior de Moka Episcopus Brixiensis, who cul-
tivated the art.
Cardan is not complimentary about his Stegano-
graphy : ' Fuit vir paulo ante nostram aetatem,
mendacior Agrippa, inanior Raymundo Lullio,
Abbas Trithemius qui totum librum satis grandem
hoc uno solo somnio implevit, nee tamen explevit. '
Urhebern in der Stollischen Bibliothec, 1741, Der
Dreyzehnde Theil, p. 447 (cause of the animus of
the monks against him).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 268, 470 ; iii. pp. 54, 315,
316.
Cave, Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Historia Liter-
aria, Oxon., 1743, ii. Appendix, pp. 203-6.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xlv. pp. 929-
934-
Freytag, Analecta Litteraria, 1750, p. 1010.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1326.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 148.
Burcard Gotthelff Struvius, Bibliotheca Historiae
litterariae Selecta, Jenae, 1754, i. p. 183 ; 1761, ii.
pp. 1148, 1247, 1258, 1280, 1631 ; 1763, iii. pp.
2095, 2097.
Moehsen, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Wissen-
schaften in der Mark Brandenburg, 1783, p. 29.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
P- 574-
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic
der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. p. 30.
Bougine1, Handbuch der- allgemeinen Litterar-
geschichte, 1789, i. pp. 56 (the ' Steganographie '),
596 (life and works).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 125.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 107.
Biographie Universelle, 1826, xlvi. p. 551 ; no
date, xlii. p. 178.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 237.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 450 ;
1866, i. p. 475.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 61 ;
1844, ii. p. 214.
Ernst H. F. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, 1857,
iv. pp. ii, 168, 425.
Nouvelle Biographie Gdnerale, 1866, xlv. col. 644.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 872-876.
Bailey, ' Dee and Trithemius Steganography, '
Notes and Queries, Series V. vol. xi., May, 1879,
pp. 401, 422.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 71,
73-
Silbernagel, /. Trithemius, eine Monographic,
Regensburg, 1885. 2nd ed.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 141, 226; ii.
pp. 197, 206, 358, 378.
T. C. H. Hedderwick, The Old German Puppet
Play of Doctor Faust, 1887, p. 181. (Trithemius
as a magician ; his Steganography. )
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
208 (his magic), 229 (Trithemius' opinion of Albertus
Magnus), 234 (note on his life), 242 (his summary
of the nature of alchemy).
FRA
THE
UNIVERSITY
or
>fc-J,L«l if^m\.**^4T
TRIUMPF- WA GEN— TROMMSDORFF 473
TRIUMPF-WAGEN (Der) des Vitriol.
See K. (E. L. D.), 1770.
TRIUMPH.
See HERMETICAL (The) Triumph.
See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph.
See TRlOMPHE (Le) Hermetique.
See TRES-ANCIEN (Le) Duel des Chevaliers.
See URALTER Ritter-Krieg.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 357.
HermMque, 1742, iii. pp. 46, 314, 316.
TROGNIANUS (GUILIELMUS).
De Lapide.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, vi. 1 66 1, No. 537, p. 439.
See MANGET (]. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 530.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermttique, iii. p. 57.
TROMMSDORFF QOHANN BARTHOLOMAUS).
Chemische Receptirkunst oder Taschenbuch fur practische Aerzte welche ^bey
dem Verordnen der Arzneyen Fehler in chemischer und pharmacevtischer
Hinsicht vermeiden wollen. von D. loh. Bartholoma Tromsdorff Professor
der Chemie auf der Universitat zu Erfurt, wie auch Apotheker daselbst.
Der romisch-kayserl. Academic der Naturforscher, der koniglich Danischen
Societal zu Coppenhagen, der medicinisch-pharmacevtischen Gesellschafft zu
Briissel, der churfiirstlich maynzischen Academie niitzlicher Wissenschaften
zu Erfurt, der naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu lena, der physikalishen
Gesellschaft zu Gottingen, der botanischen Gesellschaft zu Regensburg, der
correspondirenden Gesellschaft Schweitzer Aerzte und Wundarzte in Zurich
Mitglied, und der mathematisch-physikalischen Gesellschaft zu Erfurt bestan-
digen Secretair etc. Erfurt, bey Beyer und Maring, 1797.
8°. Pp. xiv, 288.
Trommsdorff was born at Erfurt, 8 May, 1770. created a Prussian privy councillor and a knight of
He was trained as an apothecary under Buchholz, the Red Eagle, of the third class,
and in 1793 started his Journal de Pharmacie, He was a man of active and methodical habits,
which first appeared in 1794 and was continued till with a great facility for work and clearness of
1834. In 1795 he was appointed professor of ideas ; by strict economy of time he got through
chemistry and physics at Erfurt, and in the same more work than anyone else, and always had leisure
year founded his Pharmaceutical Institute, which for everything.
lasted for thirty-three years and turned out many His library, laboratory and apparatus, all pro-
accomplished apothecaries and teachers. vided by himself, were superior to those of many
The great aim of his life was to improve the public institutions.
scientific position of pharmacy, and the value and The loss of his wife in 1836 was a blow from
success of his efforts were universally recognized. which he never recovered. He died, 8 March, 1837.
He was elected a member of many academies, was His portraits and his numerous works and papers
are enumerated by Voigt and by PoggendorfF.
Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 296-
der jetztlebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 4th ed. 98, 320, 340, 341, 549-553 (list of his investigations),
Nachtrag : 1791, iv. p. 750; 1795, V. ii. p. 441; &c., &c.
1804, vi. p. 909; 1804, VII. ii. p. 755; viii. p. 725; Biographic Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
5th ed. 1812, xvi. (Supplement zur fiinften Ausgabe 25), vii. p. 369.
iv.) p. 48; 1827, xxi. (Supp. ix.) p. 129. J. A. Buchner, Repertorium fvr die Pharmacie,
474 TROMMSDORFF—TRUE
TROMMSDORFF QOHANN BARTHOLOMAUS). Continued.
Niirnberg, 1837, lix. .(Zweiter Reihe Neunter Band), Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 117 &
pp. 127-138. passim.
J. G. W. Mensing, Des Geheimen Hofraths Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
und Professors Dr. Joh. B. Trommsdorff Lebens- 1855, pp. 333, 739, &c., &c.
beschreibung, Erfurt, 1839, 8°, pp. [4] 88, with a Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
frontispiece of the medal struck in his honour. worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1136.
B. F. Voigt, Neuer Nekrolog der Deutschen, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 784.
Funfzehnter Jahrgang, Weimar, 1839, i. pp. 341- Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p. 613
349, No. 118. (life and work), etc.
TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy. Containing, I. A Correct Edition of the Marrow
of Alchymy, being a Celebrated Experimental Treatise, discovering the
Secrets and most Hidden Mystery of the Philosophers Elixir, both in
Theory and Practice. II. The Errors of a late Tract called, A short
Discourse of the Quintessence of Philosophers, wherein is pretended to be
set forth, how one Select Person might be made partaker of it by the
Authors means, and others rightly Directed in prosecuting that Study.
III. The Method and Materials pointed at, composing the Sophick Mercury,
and Transmuting Elixir, in plain Terms, free from all Enigma's. The like
never before Emitted to the World.
— alte vestiga oculis, & rite repertum
Carpe manu; namq; ipse volens, facilisq; sequetur,
Si te fata vocant : aliter non viribus ullis
Vincere, — poteris. Virg. JEn. Lib. VI.
London: Printed by I. Dawks for the Author, 1709.
12°. Pp. [6] 97 [i].
The second part of the ' Marrow ' has this title-page (p. 45) :
The Marrow of Alchymy. Being, an Experimental Treatise, discovering the Secret
and most Hidden Mystery of the Philosophers Elixir. The Second Part. Containing
Three Books. Elucidating the Practick of the Art. In which the Art is so plainly
disclosed, as never any before did, for the benefit of Young Practitioners, and the
convincing those who are in Errors Labyrinth. By Eirenseus Philoponos Philalethes.
London : Printed for the author, 1709.
The preface to the first Part is signed, anagrammatically, Egregius Christo, which
makes Georgius Sterchi ; that to the second part is signed Vir gregis Gustos, which
makes Georgius Stircus. These are not very happy attempts at anagrams. The
author is called also Stierkius by Petraeus and by Lange.
The first edition of The Marrow of Alchemy was published at London in small 8°, part i., pp. [10]
70, dated 1654 ; part ii., pp. [8] 61, dated 1655, with the following title-pages :
The Marrow of Alchemy, being an Experimental Treatise, discovering the secret
and most hidden Mystery of the Philosophers Elixer. Divided into two Parts : The
first Containing Four Books chiefly Illustrating the Theory. The other Containing
Three Books, Elucidating the Practique of the Art : In which, the Art is so plainly
disclosed as never any before did for the benefit of young Practitioners. And the
convincing those who are in Errours Labyrinth. By Eirenaeus Philoponos Philalethes.
London, Printed by A. M. for Edw. Brewster at the Signe of the Crane in Pauls
Church-yard 1654.
The title-page of the second part is as follows :
The Marrow of Alchemy, being an Experimental Treatise, discovering the secret
and most hidden Mystery of the Philosophers Elixer. The Second Part. Containing
Three Books, Elucidating the Practique of the Art ; In which the Art is so plainly
disclosed, as never any before did, for the benefit of young Practitioners, and the
convincing those who are in Errors Labyrinth. By Eirenaeus Philoponos Philalethes.
London, Printed by R. I. for Edw. Brewster at the Sign of the Crane in Pauls Church-
yard. 1655.
TRUE
475
TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy. Continued.
From Morhof, who was practically a contem-
porary, one gathers that even in his time this first
edition had become rare ; for, having occasion to
speak of Starkey's attempts to make the ' stone, '
he says : ' Audio tamen in librorum suorum aliquo,
cui titulus : Marrow of Alchimy i.e. medulla
Alchemicz, mentionem quandam de his rebus facere:
sed adipisci librum in Anglia non potui, quacunque
etiam diligentia quaesitum. Caeteri ejus libri de
pyrotechma & quos in defensionem Helmontij
scripsit, non adeo rari sunt.' My own experience
bears this out, for while the ' Pyrotechny,' etc.,
occur occasionally, I have never met with but one
copy of the original edition of 'The Marrow," and
only two or three of the present reprint. Perhaps
another proof of its rarity is that no copy was
present in the collection of early English poetry
made about the beginning of last century by Messrs.
Longman, the catalogue of which, with remarks by
A. F. Griffith, is well known under the title ' Biblio-
theca Anglo-Poetica,' London, 1815, 8°. Now,
though it contains Ashmole's ' Theatrum Chemicum
Britannicum,' 1652, and George Ripley's ' Com-
pound of Alchymy,' 1591, both of which are in verse,
there is no mention either of the original or the
later edition of ' the Marrow of Alchemy. '
Of the ' Marrow of Alchymy ' there is a Dutch
translation, in which it is ascribed to Starkey :
Het Pit der waare Chemie door Georg. Starkey, vit
het Engels vertaalt door Feyo lo. Winter,
Leeuwarden, 1687, 8°.
It was translated into German by Johann Lange,
Kern der Alchymie, Leipzig, 1685, 8°.
Whoever Eirenaeus Philoponus Philalethes was,
he is distinguished by Borrichius from his ' ante-
cessor,' the author of the 'Introitus apertus,' and
is identified with Starkey by Will. Cooper. But
whether he were Starkey or not, the poem was
edited by Starkey, and the address ' to the Reader '
was without doubt by him. In it he says : ' What
moved me to put to publike View these hidden
curiosities of Nature, I shall inform thee briefly,
and in it shall give thee an account partly of the
Authour and partly of myself : For the Authour he
was an eye-witnesse of the great secret, as he doth
testifie of himself; nor that only, but had by gift
a portion of that precious Jewell so sought for by
many but found of few : Which portion although
he did for the most part lose it in hopes of multi-
plication of it ... yet by diligent search and
industry he attained the preparation of the Philo-
sophers Mercury. . . . For my own part, I am
one who have for many years been one of Gebers
Cooks, resting my thrift in vain, until it was my
good fortune to be acquainted with this Authour,
who demonstratively convinced me of my former
errours, and set me in a right path. . . . He shewed
me several Tractates written by him who gave him
the powder, hitherto never published ; Of which
the Names were, Ars metallorum Metamorphoseos,
Introitus apertus ad occlusum Regis palatium, Brevis
manuductio ad Rubinum Calestem . . . With much
adoe I obtained Copies of them, but no commission
to shew them to any body : I asked this my Friend
why he did not cast in his Calculus into the Treasury
of Philosophers, especially seeing he had been so
farre successfull, he told me that indeed till he had
accomplished the perfection of the Red, which he
hitherto had not, he was unwilling to write : . . .
At last he was perswaded by me to write this
Treatise, which he performed in seaven Books, and
another in Latine entituled, Breve manuductorium
ad Campum Sophiae, which concerns chiefly Para-
celsus liquor Alchahest, ... By these and the
fore-mentioned Books, I soon attained the mystery
of the Mercury, and by it the first Whitenesse, and
hope ere long to see the Rednesse, in which the
Authour would not instruct me, being by Solemn
Vow obliged to the contrary, neither to effect it
himself, nor teach others for such a number of
years, on which Condition he received that from a
Master, which (having the mercury) he might else
have received from God by industry ; At last I had
liberty of him to communicate these Manuscripts
with some Friends, . . . who coveting the Copies,
did so wearily entreat me, that from the time I first
began to communicate them, I could never keep
them at home ; whereupon ... I did by much
entreaty at last prevail with my Friend, from whom
I had them (if I would) to make them publike, . . .
I would require a large Treatise to tell you what
scruples have caused me to stumble . . . but in a
word, it is my errour in Imbibition, Cibation, and
Fermentation, in which my Friend will not help
me, but hath rather put me out, which I confide he
doth, not for envy, but in scruple of his Vow, . . .
I might here make a large discourse of the Adepti
and their Elias, but shall refer the Reader to the
Treatises fore-mentioned, being unwilling my self
to fly to writing before my wings be fledged with
more experience. . . .'
Most of the authorities assert that Starkey ob-
tained from Philaletha some transmuting powder,
which he squandered in attempts to increase its
virtue, and certain manuscripts, with which Cooper
states he made away, in part at least. This view
is not borne out by the quotations now given, for
they speak of three distinct personages : first, the
adept, author of the 'Introitus,' and therefore
Eirenaeus Philaletha ; second, the person to whom
he gave the elixir and the manuscripts, and the
author of this poem, Eirenaeus Philoponos Phila-
lethes ; third, the person who persuaded him to
write the poem, got his permission to print it and
wrote the preface, being himself unwilling to com-
pose a work without the necessary knowledge and
experience, George Starkey.
The question, therefore, which arises is whether
the extracts from the preface are to be taken with
literal accuracy as matters of fact, or the inter-
mediary is to be considered as Starkey, who speaks
of himself in the third person and as a third per-
sonage. He may have done this to avoid trouble-
some enquiries, and the alleged restrictions upon
the publication of the manuscripts, the solemn vow
forbidding the attempt to pursue the quest of the
stone for a certain time, the maze of error in which
he wandered and from which his friend would not
extricate him, may have been put forward to
enhance the value of the writings by immersing
them in an atmosphere of mystery.
Granting all this, the words used by Starkey in
his preface might be interpreted as referring to
himself, but not without violence to their plain
meaning, in which case Starkey would be the
author of the present poem, instead of its pseudo-
nymous editor. This, however, appears certain,
that whether he wrote the whole poem or not,
there are passages apparently referring to himself
personally, and as these are written in phrase and
manner not different from the rest of the work,
internal evidence would point to Starkey as the
author of the whole. But the evidence is conflict-
ing, and I am not convinced that Starkey was the
author. It may be noted that Creiling, or the
author of Die F.delgeborne Jungfer Alchymia,
476
TRUE—TSCEP
TRUE (A) Light of Alchemy. Continued.
quoting the preface to the 'Medulla Alchymise,'
points out that one can see from what is there
said that Starkey did not obtain these writings
direct from the adept as is usually pretended, still
less any of the tincture, but from the person to
whom the adept had given them. Though he got
Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione ad . . .
Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, P- I45-
Will. Cooper, A Catalogue of Chymicall Books,
1675, sigs. Q4 verso, Part II. D i verso.
Eirenasus Philalethes, Ripley reviv'd, London,
1678, p. 44 ('an advertisement' by Will. Cooper,
the publisher, about the author's ' consent to Mr.
Starkey for printing his pieces ').
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 45-
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 196
into confusion over this intermediate person, he
saw clearly that three and not two persons were
engaged in the transaction. It is in fact impossible
to draw any other inference from the statement in
the preface as it stands. See also STARKEY
(George).
(points out that three persons are involved and not
two).
Fr. Basilii Valentini . . . Chymische Schriften,
ed. Petraeus, 1769, I. Neue Vorrede, sig. d i recto.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 638, 639 (Dutch translation).
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors, ii.
752 x. (Under Philalethes.)
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 394
(ascribes the ' Medulla Alchymiae ' to Starkey).
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 347.
See PHILALETHA (iREN-ffiUS PHILOPONUS), Kern der Alchymie, 1685.
TRUMPHIUS (JOHANNES GEORGIUS).
Q. D. B. V. Scrutinium Chimicum Vitrioli, in quo hujus salis mineralis
nomen, definitio, differentia, delectus, temperamentum, & vires methodice
proponuntur, usus in medicina fuse demonstratur, & tutus asseritur, medica-
mentorum solidorum & liquidorum parandi modus multis, novis, singulari-
busque eyx"/51?0""0"1 illustratur, Autore Johanne Georgio Trumphio, Goslaria
Saxone, Medicinse Licentiate. Jenae, Sumptibus Johannis Ludovici
Neuenhahns, Stanno Samuelis Krebsii. Anno M DC LXVII.
4°. Pp. [8] [64].
This tract appeared originally as an academic
dissertation for the degree in medicine, with Guer-
nerus Rolfinck as preses, at Jena, 1666, 4°, pp. [8]
[64], The present is a re-issue, in which the title-
page is different, and Trumphius' introduction has
been re-set. The rest is the same in the two issues.
Gmelin has made a slip and given the date as 1767.
Trumph, or Trumphius, was born at Goslar,
4 May, 1644, graduated in medicine, and, accord-
ing to Witte, practised first at Gottingen, and then
at Goslar. Jocher, however, says that he was a
physician at Jena and flourished about 1667. He
was received into the Academia Naturae Curio-
sorum in 1676 under the name of Rufus I. The
date of his death is not mentioned.
Zedler says that two learned works proceeded
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realismedica, 1679, p. 479 b.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 591.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 400.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheces metallicce,
1732, p. 144.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 423 (II. ii. cap.
xxxix. § 2).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xlv. col. 1282.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1342 (a mere note).
Btichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum
Historia, 1755, p. 468, No. 62.
from him: the 'Scrutinium,' which was received
with the greatest approval by all who understood
nature, and in particular by the English, who ex-
tolled it highly in their monthly periodicals ; and
'De Salivationibus Mercurialibus,' reviewed in the
Nova Litteraria, 1704, p. 149. This work appears
in a more exact form in Billings' Catalogue : ' De
salivatione mercuriali ; resp. Bernardo Christiano
Capelle. 36 pp., 2 1. sm. 4°. Jena, lit, S.
Krebsii [1668].' Billings mentions another tract
by him : ' Cardialgise Scrutinium theoretico-prac
ticum. 73 pp., 2 1. 4°. Jence, stanno Krebsiano,
1667, ' and Fuchs quotes : De vnguento sive balsamo
antiarthritico Burrhi, in Ac. Nat. Cur. Obs., Ixxx.
pp. 214-216.
Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 798.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 318.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la M£decine,
1778, iv. p. 439.
Haller, Bibhotheca Medicince practice, 1779, in.
pp. 253, 434.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1798, ii. p. 599.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 164, 185.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 793.
TSCEP vol Wonders.
See SCEP ('t) vol wonders.
TUMBA—TURBA 477
TUMBA SEMIRAMIDIS.
See PANTALEON, Disceptatio de Lapide Physico, 1678.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 759.
See DEMOCRITUS, 1717.
See CNOFFEL (ANDREAS), Responsum ad Positiones de Spiritu Mundi.
See TOMB (The) of Semiramis.
This tract was published in 1674, 12°, according name he apparently did not know, considered his
to the Beytrag, and it appeared anonymously in refutation of the author of the 'Tumba' as power-
the Miscellanea of the Academia Naturas Curio- ful, and magnanimous withal, as well could be.
sorum in 1676. It was attacked by Pantaleon in There seems to be a French translation of the
his Disceptatio, and this in turn was criticised and Tumba, Paris, 1689, but I have not seen it.
refuted. But Borrichius, who entertained the For works entitled Tumba, see Kopp.
highest possible opinion of Pantaleon, whose real
Miscellanea Curiosa Academics Natures Curio- Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 312 (French version),
sorum, Annus quartus & quintus, Francof. & Lips., 316 (Latin version);
1676 ; Appendix, pp. 69-81. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, p. 624.
1697, p. 39, No. Ixi. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 445.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 360, 371.
TUMULUS Hermetis Apertus.
See PANTALEON.
TURBA PHILOSOPHORUM.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, V. p. I.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 445.
This is the first collection in 72 discourses.
See ^ENIGMA.
See ALLEGORIC super Librum Turbae.
See ALLEGORIZE Sapientum supra Librum Turbae xxix. Distinctiones.
See ARISLEUS.
See EXERCITATIONES in Turbam Philosophorum.
See SERMO in Turbam Philosophorum.
See UBUNG in die Turbam Philosophorum.
Alterum Exemplar.
See ARTIS AURIFERJE . . . volumina, 1610, i. p. 43.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, i. p. 480.
This is the second collection in 78 discourses.
Aliud Exemplar.
See ARTIS AURIFERAE . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. i.
This is a variant of the second collection, differ- speakers. It is this version which has been trans-
ing from it at the beginning and in various details, lated into German,
and in certain instances in the names of the
Turba Philosophorum (in German).
See HILDEN BRANDT (PAULUS), Auriferae Artis, . . . Uhralteste Authores, 1608, p. 4.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. I ; 1750, i. p. i.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 435.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 435.
La Tourbe des Philosophes.
See DIVERS TRAITEZ de la Philosophic Naturelle, 1672, p. i.
See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii. p. i.
478
TURBA
TURBA PHILOSOPHORUM. Continued.
Das ander Exemplar der Turbse Philosophorum.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 60 ; 1750, i. p. 76.
It has been inferred by Schmieder that the
anonymous tracts called ' Turba Philosophorum '
were written in the twelfth century, say about
1140, because authors before that date are
definitely quoted, while others subsequent to it
are not mentioned. Moreover, Alanus, who lived
about that time or a little later, refers to the
Turba, and it was commended by Albertus Magnus
in the thirteenth century.
There are two distinct collections which pass
under this name. One contains 72 discourses,
the other 78. Among the speakers are a few
persons of classical antiquity whose names are
familiar, such as Plato and Pythagoras, but
the majority are quite strange, and their names
are peculiar. So far as I am aware, they are
met with nowhere else, and when they do occur in
other writings it is because a passage is quoted
from the 'Turba.' Borel, indeed, has transferred
them to his list as if they were genuine alchemists,
and for this he has been called to account by Morhof.
The person to whom the work has been ascribed
is called Arisleus, who is not to be confused with
Aristaeus.
Great importance was attached by later alchemists
to the dicta contained in the ' Turba.' Bern-
hardus Trevisanus says that his labour was all in
vain till he was put on the right track by what is
said by Parmemdes in the 'Turba.' From this
Kopp has inferred that he used the second form of
the collection, but Kopp has made a slip here, for
Parmenides' name occurs in both versions.
Kopp has devoted a special paragraph to the
'Turba,' and has criticised the age assigned to it
by Schmeider, which he considers not substantiated
Aaron cum Maria Prophetissa sorore Moysis,
pp. 477, 478.
Acratus, p. 461.
Acsubofes, p. 449.
Actomanus, p. 489.
Adami patris nostri mentio, p. 447.
Abelis & Sethi filiorum, p. 478.
Admion, p. 488.
Dicta ^Egyptiorum nos in errorem intro-
ducunt, p. 487.
Afflontus, p. 456.
Agadimon, pp. 463, 493.
(Agathodsemon) Agadmon, p. 487.
Agmon, p. 494.
Anastratus, p. 492. Astratus, p. 491.
Anaxagoras, pp. 446, 461, 480, 491.
Archelaus, p. 494.
Ardarius, p. 484.
Arisleus Philosophus, pp. 446, 447, 448, 480.
Abladi films, p. 495.
ex ejus visione aenigma, ibid.
Arislei Epistola de intentione libri, p. 445.
Aris eus genitus Pythagorse, discipulus ex
discipulis Hermetis, ibid.
Aristenes, p. 481.
Armenius Archiae filius, p. 495.
Arras, p. 460.
Arzoch, p. 491.
Ascanius, p. 489. Astanius, p. 458.
Assotes, p. 487.
Assuberes, p. 483.
Astanius, p. 458. Ascanius, p. 489.
Astratus, p. 491. Anastratus, p. 492.
by his arguments, though it is more probable than
the great antiquity with which it has been credited.
He doubts also if Arisleus is to be reckoned the
author, a person of whom nothing exact is known.
Schmieder translates the title ' Conflict of Philo-
sophers,'but Kopp prefers to interpret the name as
meaning ' Assembly ' or ' Convention of Philo-
sophers." Either of these translations is possible,
but anyhow, one has to regard the tractate as the
report of a meeting of a ' Hermetic Association for
the Advancement of Alchemy,' of which a certain
Pythagoras was president, and Arisleus was the
' convener ' and ' recorder. ' But while agreeing
with Kopp in the rendering of the term 'Turba,' it
is possible also to share Schmieder's opinion that
the meaning is 'Streit der Philosophen,' which,
without involving the notion of personal — but un-
philosophical — violence, may be interpreted as the
'Clash of Scientific Opinion,' such as may be
witnessed at more modern congresses. It must be
admitted that the woodcut which accompanies
the 'Turba' in some editions strongly supports
Schmieder's rather than Kopp's translation.
The following index is given by Fabricius, the
references being to the reprints in Mangel's Bib-
liotheca Chemica Curiosa, T. I. In this volume
the first version of the Turba, in seventy-two
discourses, begins on p. 445 ; Allegorias Sapientum
et Distinctiones xxix. supra Librum Turbae, p. 467 ;
second version of the Turba, in seventy-eight dis-
courses, p. 480 ; Allegorise super Librum Turbae,
p. 494 ; ^Enigma ex visione Arislei Philosophi et
allegoriis Sapientum, p. 495. A few inaccuracies
in Fabricius' list, detected by comparing it with
Mangel's text, have been corrected.
Attamus, p. 458, 464. Attamanus, p. 493.
Averca, p. 495.
Babylonienses Philosophi, pp. 446, 493.
Bacoscus, p. 453.
Bacsen, pp. 454, 455, 457. Bassen, p. 486.
Balgus, pp. 461, 462, 492.
Barsenites, p. 487.
Belinus, p. 478.
Bellus, pp. 484, 485, 490.
Belus, pp. 451, 453, 459.
Bodillus, p. 492.
Bonellus, pp. 454, 456, 461, 462, 488.
Bonites, p. 462.
Borates, p. 485.
Bracus, p. 464.
Cadmon, p. 489.
Cerus, p. 453.
Chambar, p. 486.
Constans, pp. 461, 491.
Cranses, p. 488.
Custos, pp. 454, 486.
Dardaris, pp. 451, 458, 484, 489.
Democritus Lucae discipulus, p. 446. Medicus,
475. seq.
Diamedes, pp. 454, 486.
Antiqui Doctores, p. 493.
Echamisius, p. 495.
Eelihe, p. 471.
Effistus, p. 457.
Epistes, p. 488.
TURBA
479
TURBA PHILOSOPHORUM. Continued.
Emiganus, p. 493.
Epistes, p. 488. Effistus, p. 457.
Exemiganus, p. 463.
Eximenus, pp. 447, 481. Exumenus, p. 460.
Eximundus, p. 480.
Eximesias Admiri filius, p. 495.
Exundms, p. 446.
Florus, pp. 464, 493.
Frictes, pp. 450, 483.
Geber, p. 472.
Gregorius, p. 453.
Hercules Rex [leg. Heraclius Rex Stephano
Alexandrine] Stephano Alexandro : cum
tempore nostro Philosophorum caput sis,
p. 472.
Hermes, pp. 445, 456, 460, 467, 470, 478, 480,
4»8.
Philosophorum caput, p. 488.
Hermiganus, p. 463.
Horfolcos, pp. 459, 463.
Jargus, p. 457.
Indorum Philosophi, p. 446.
Iximidrus, p. 445.
Ixundrus, p. 460.
Largus, p. 488.
Locustor, pp. 446, 481.
Lucas, pp. 446, 449, 463, 481.
Magister, vide Pythagoras.
Magister dixit, qui laborat in libris nostris
legendis, eisque vacat, nee variis implicitus
est cogitationibus, Deumque precatur, in
regno regnabit, donee morietur, p. 488.
Mandinus, p. 493.
Maria, p. 457. soror Moysis, pp. 477, 478.
Maria mira sonat breviter, quod talia
donat &c. Filia Platonis consortia jungit
amoris, p. 478.
Meditantalus, p. 495.
Menabdus, p. 453. Menebdus, p. 485.
Montenus, p. 469.
Morfoleus, p. 490.
Moyses, pp. 454, 458, 462, 469. Mosius, p. 489.
Moscus, p. 492.
Mundus ait Turbae, pp. 451, 459, 463, 464,
484, 489, 492.
Nephitus, p. 486.
Nicarus, p. 455.
Obsemeganus, p. 491.
Orfulus, p. 493.
Pandolfus, pp. 446, 452, 459.
Pandophis, p. 480.
Pandulphus, pp. 484, 490.
Paris, Belchioti filius, p. 495.
Parmenides, pp. 446, 448, 482, 495.
Phalisaeus, p. 495.
Philosophus, pp. 463, 464. Vide Arisleus,
Pythagoras &c.
Philosophi in libris suis, p. 484. cum legimus
in libris Philosophorum, 489. legendi
sunt libri Philosophorum, p. 493.
Veri Philosophi, p. 488.
Philotis, p. 494.
Pithem, p. 491.
Plato, pp. 458, 473, 475, 489.
Pythagoras, pp. 447, 449, 450, 451, 454, 459,
461, 463, 472, 480, 481, 490, 495. Magister
et vatum caput, tantum domum DEI, &
sapientise habuit, quod nemini post Her-
metem datum est, p. 445.
Tertia Sy nodus Pythagorica, p. 480.
Rarson, p. 493.
Salomon, filius David, p. 472. in libris [LXX. ]
meis quos sum expositurus ibid.
Quidam Sapiens, p. 473.
Socrates, pp. 450, 483. ad Platonem, pp. 472,
473, 475-
Stephanus, p. 472. vide supra, Hercules,
Stephani dicta, p. 479.
Theophilus, pp. 452, 462, 485, 492.
Ait Turba, pp. 446, 447, 451, &c. respondet
Turba, pp. 447, 449, 482, 483, &c. Qui
nobiscum in hac arte hunc librum com-
posuerunt, qui Turba dicitur [Philosophi
cum sintj.nondebent vocari discipuli, p. 451.
Notandum est, venerabilis turba, p. 486.
Ysimidrus, p. 490.
Ysindrus, p. 480.
Zenon, pp. 453, 461, 484, 486.
Zeunon, p. 487.
Zimon, pp. 451, 455, 457.
Bernhardus Trevisanus, Von der Hermetischenn
Philosophia, 1574, Iviij verso; 1582, sig. Iv verso.
Maier, Symbola Aurece Mensee, 1617, p. 559 (just
mentioned).
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 223.
Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione ad . . .
JoelemLangelottum, . . . Epistola, Hamburgi, 1673,
p. 116.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. ii.
Fabricus, Bibliotheca. Grceca, Hamburgi, 1724,
xii. pp. 710-714 (list of speakers in the Turba as
above).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Hisloire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 36, 55, 64, 65.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 149 (a
much more detailed account than usual).
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic
der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. Chronologisches
Register, 1613.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alcfumie, 1832, p.
124.
Ladrague,Z?/£/»0M^w<r Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 710-12 (Turba), 713-14 (Tourbe), 715
(Verba Aristei patris ad filium, which has nothing
to do with the present work) ; (all of these are
entered under Arislaeus).
Berthelot, Les Origines de CAlchimie, 1885, pp.
119, 143.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 96; ii. pp. 323,
351 (Arisleus).
Berthelot, Introduction a t£tude de la Chimie
des Anciens et du Moyen Age, 1889, p. 235 (com-
pares the names in the ' 1 urba Philosophorum '
with those in Stolcius' ' Hortulus Hermeticus ' ; but
they are very different).
480 TURBA— TURIN
TURBA Philosophorum, das 1st: Gesammlete Spriiche der Weisen zur Erlau-
terung der hermetischen Schmaragd-Tafel, . . .
See FICTULD (HERMANN).
TURBA Philosophorum, das ist ein Verzeichnifs der Namen aller vornembsten
Philosophorum.
See NEANDER (XHEOPHILUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 37.
TURBIT MINERALE.
[Ein trefflich Turbit Minerale per Aurum oder Aurum vitae, auch wol Aurum
Draphoreticum (sic) seiner Tugend halben genennet, aufs des Theophrasti
Handschrifft wider die Pestilentz und alle todliche Gifft und fur andere
Kranckheiten mehr.]
Pp. 64-66. A fragment from VIER Chymische Tractatlein, 1677, q.v.
For another account of Turbit, or Turbith, or Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 189.
Turpeth, or Turpethum Minerale, see Andreas Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmaxie, 1904, pp.
Tentzelius' Chymisch-Spagirische Artzney-Kunst^ 390, 404.
1736, p. 202, and for other references Lipenius,
Bibliotheca realis medico. , 1679, p. 4573.
TURIN.
See TAURINUM.
UB UNG— UFFENBA CH 481
UBUNG in die Turbam.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 114; 1750, i.
p. 142.
See EXERCITATIONES.
See TURBA.
UBEL (Der) urtheilende Alchymist.
Der von Mose . . . iibel urtheilende Alchymist.
See SCHMID (JOHANN GEORG), 1706.
UFFENBACH (PETRUS).
See BIRELLI (GIAMBATTISTA), Alchymia Nova, 1603.
Dispensatorium Galeno Chymicum continens Primo loannis Renodaei Insti-
tutionum pharmoceuticarum (sic) Lib. V. De materia medica Lib. III. Et
antidotarium varium et absolutissimum : Secundo losephi Quercitani Phar-
macopoeam dogmaticorum restitutam per Petrum Vffenbachium Reipubl.
Moeno Francofurt. Archiatrum nunc vltimo reuisum, et saluberrimorum
medicamentorum, ac experimentorum descriptionibus, ex manu scriptis et
secretis Doctorum Virorum locupletatum. Hanouiae Apud Dauid Aubri.
A°. MDCXXXI.
4°. Pp. [44] 869 [55]. Engraved title representing symbolically the four elements
with the corresponding ' humours,' emblems of ' Voluptas and ' Dolor,' and pictures of
a moderate feast, a physician with a patient, and a surgical operation.
Uffenbach was a native of Frankfurt a. M. He of Dioscorides.Cardosus, Ferrara, Montagnana, and
studied medicine in Italy under Hercules Saxonia, others; revised Bernardinus Gomesius' 'Libri iv. de
probably at Padua, settled in practice in his native Sale Philosophico,' compiled a ' Thesaurus Chirur-
place, translated and wrote various books, of gicus,' and wrote papers on the mineral water of
which that by Birelli is one, and died at Frankfurt, Schwalbach, &c.
22 Oct., 1635. He edited the works of his teacher,
Draudius, Bibliotheca classica, 1625, pp. 957, 977, Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^,
983 (references to his editions of Cardosus, Her- 1732, p. 148.
cules Saxonia, and Gomesius). Kestner, Medidnisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740,
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, p. 891.
1637, p. 404 (waters of Schwalbach). Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1746, xlviii. cols.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, pp. 426-428.
i6b, 141 a, 195 b, 414 b, 4533, 466 a. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
Mercklin, Lindenius renovalus, 1686, p. 909; 1751, pp. 384, 509, 595, 728, 731.
and compare p. 1079. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
Witte, Diarium biographicwm, 1688, sig. li recto, col. 1561.
22 Oct., 1635. Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Historic Medi-
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 359.
1731, II. ii. p. 515. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 447.
Stolle, Anleitung sur Historic der Mcdicinischen Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 269.
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 637, 720, 822. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 254.
II. 2H
482
UFFENBA CH— ULSTAD
UFFENBACH (PETRUS). Continued.
Holler, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
p. 299.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1778, iv. p. 522.
George Rudolph Boehmer, Systematisch-Liter-
aerisches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1786, I. ii.
p. 187 (on poisons).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 344.
Biographic Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25). vii. p. 378.
Wilhelm Strieker, Die Geschichte der Hdlkunde
und der verwandten Wissenschaften in der Stadt
Frankfurt am Main, 1847, p. 343.
UHR-ALTER RITTER-KRIEG.
See URALTER RITTER-KRIEG.
ULMANNUS.
Pandora.
See REUSNER.
See FAUST.
Though this book bears the name of Franciscus
Epimetheus, the real name of the author, according
to Fictuld, was Ulmannus. He was a Franciscan
or Frater minor. ' It contains many figures, in
which as much as in the text the author has
minutely displayed the "prima materia" and en-
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 231.
Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 118.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785,
P- 579-
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, i.
p. 448.
Ernst H. F. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, 1857,
iv. pp. 338, 384.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp.
148, 468.
Dictionnaire EncyclopMique des Sciences Mldi-
cales, 5eme Se'rie, 1886, i. p. 4.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1888, vi. p. 39.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 923.
Sche\enz,GeschichtederPharmazie, 1904, pp. 132,
tire operation, so that any one with a little under-
standing can discover the great mysterium. Be-
ginners ought to prize it highly." Borel says that
under the symbol of the Passion he described the
art.
"La.Arsigvie,Bibliotheque Ouvarqfc Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 1044-45.
ULSTAD (PHILIP).
Philippi Vlstadii Patr. N. Coelum Philosophorum, seu Liber : De Secretis
Naturae, id est : quomodo non solum e Vino, sed etiam ex omnibus
Metallis, Fructibus, Radicibus, Herbis, &c. Quinta Essentia, sive Aqua
vitse, ad conservationem humani Corporis educi debeat. Accessit loannis
Antonii Campesii Directorium Summae Summarum Medicinae. Nunc autem
recens apposuimus Rosarium Philosophorum, M. Arnaldi de Villanova.
Editio emendatior & annotationibus locupletior. Augustae Trebocorum.
Typis Caspari Dietzelii, & Hseredum Christophori ab Heyden Bibliopol.
Anno M.DC.XXX.
12°. Pp. [12] 347. Index [12, i blank], 67 woodcuts.
P. 197. Title to Campesius' Directorium.
P. 231. Title to Arnaldus de Villanova, Rosarius Philosophorum.
P. 311. Title to Magisterium Petfectum et Gaudium Completum, by Arnaldus de Villanova.
Ulstadius was a Nurnberg ' patricius," nourished
during the first half of the sixteenth century, taught
medicine at Freyburg, ' medicus & philosophus egre-
gius in Academia Friburgensi,' and wrote a little
book on the plague, Basil. , 1526, 8°. His only other
book, Coelum philosophorum, had a wide circula-
tion, and went through many editions. The first
appeared Frib. Helvet. in 1525, sm. folio ; after-
wards, Argentor. , 1526, 1528, 1535, 1551 (?), 1555 (?),
and one without place and date, all in folio ; Paris,
1543, !544, 8° ; Lugd., 1553, 1557, 1571, 1572 ; Fran-
cof., 1600 ; Aug. Vind., 1680, all in 12°. It was
translated into French, Paris, 1546, 1547, 1550, 8° ;
and into German, 1551, fol. ; 1630, 8° ; 1739, 8°.
The Coelum is a treatise on distillation and on
the substances which can be prepared by that
method and their use in medicine. The woodcuts
of apparatus, retorts, flasks, receivers, furnaces,
&c., &c., are identical with those in the folio
editions of Geber, printed by Griininger in the
early part of the sixteenth century.
I have found no details about the author's life.
His book is frequently quoted by Gesner in his
Evonymus, and there is reason for thinking that it
may have been translated even into English ; but,
if so, the translation was not published.
ULSTAD—UNTZER 483
ULSTAD (PHILIP). Continued.
Wolfgang Justus (Jobst), Chronologia si-ve Tern- Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
porum Supputatio omnium illustrium Medicorum, logicus, 1761, p. 185.
Francophorti ad Viadrum, 1556, p. 144. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1776, i.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, p. 514 (' De Epidemia').
1637, p. 407. Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 231. p. 576.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, pp. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 165.
97 b, 300 a, 343 b. Biographic Medicate, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 922. 25), vii. p. 379.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Schmieder,GeschicAtederAItAemie,i832,p.2$4.
1731, II. ii. p. 535. Hoefer, Hisloire de la Chimie, 1842, i. pp. 447,
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 449 ; 1866, i. pp. 472-474.
p. 899. Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 278.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 271, 471 ; iii. pp. 326, 327. Secretes, 1870, No. 882.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1746, xlix. col. 870. Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mtdi-
(' De Epidemia, Bas., 1526, 8 , 12 Bogen starck ' ; cales, seme Se'rie, 1886, i. p. 55.
' Coelum,' Strafsb. , 1528, Lion, i557F 1572, 12°; Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 361.
Francof. , 1600, 12°; Colon., 1630, 8.) Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragen-
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, den Aerzle aller Zeiten und Volker, 1888, vi. p. 44.
1751, p. 584 ('De Epidemia'). Ferguson, ' Bibliographical Notes on ... Books
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. of Secrets,' Transactions of the Glasgow Archcso-
col. 1677. logical Society, 1890, N.S. i. p. 440.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1893, xiv. p. 946.
I75S. ''• P- 452 I J??8. iv. p. 545. Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p. 236.
UMBKEHRUNG der Element.
See RODANIUS.
UNIVERSAL ARTZNEY.
See DIENHEIM (JOHANN WOLFFGANG), Medicina Universalis.
UNIVERSAL-MEDICIN.
See UNVORGREIFFLICHES Gutachten, 1742.
UNTERSUCHUNG und Entdeckung der Art und Eigenschafft des Goldes.
See H. (E.), Ein ausfiihrlicher Tractat, 1702.
UNTZER (MATTHIAS).
D. O. M. A. Matthiae Untzeri Doct. et Med. Physici Hake Saxonum quon-
dam Ordinarij, &c. Opus Chymico-Medicum, in quo Anatomia Spagirica
Trium Principiorum, nee non Corporis humani affectus, cum succinctis
curis & remediis specifiers, breviter & perspicue explicantur: Continet
septem Tractatus, quorum tres priores inscribuntur De Sale, Sulphure &
Mercurio, Reliqui, De Nephritide, seu Calculo Renum, de Peste & Epilepsia.
Hactenus singuli seorsim sunt excusi, jam verb in unum volumen redacti,
& multis in locis ab ipso Autore correcti & aucti. AccesseVe Indices duo,
Autorum sc. & Rerum. Cum Privilegio Sereniss. Electoris Saxoniae.
Halae Saxonum, Sumtibus et Typis Melchioris Oelschlegelij, Bibliopolse.
M.DC.XXXIV.
4°. Sigs. f, ft, A-7Y in fours ; or pp. [16], mixed pp. and columns 2511. Index
pp. [48]. Title red and black.
The tracts in this collection were printed separ- De Sulphure tractatus medico-chymicus, Halze,
ately as follows : 1619, 1620, 4°, pp. [20] 101 [i, 2 blank].
De Epilepsia, Halae, 1611, 4°, 1616, 1617. Antidotarium pestilentiale, lib. 2,| Hate, 1620,
De lue pestifera, Halae, 1615, 4°. 1621, 4°.
484
UNTZER—UNVORSICHTIG
UNTZER (MATTHIAS). Continued.
Anatomia mercurii spagirica, seu de hydrargyri
natura, proprietate, viribus atque usu, Lib. ii.,
Halae, 1620, 4°, pp. [38, 2 blank] 264.
Florilegium medico-chymicum de nephritide seu
renum calculo, Halae, 1614, 4° ; Magdeb., 1623, 4°.
Physiologia Salis seu de salis natura, ejusque
prima origine, differentiis, proprietate atque usu
commentatio, Halas, 1624, 1625, 4°, pp. [20] 166
[2 blank],
Untzer was a ' Patricius ' of Halle, a doctor of
philosophy and medicine, and a practitioner of
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Af edicts libri duo,
1637, P- 354-
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 231.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, pp.
76 a, 154 a, 318 b, 406 a, 436 b.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 801.
Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. U 2
recto; 7 Aug., 1624, aetat. 43 (list of his writings).
Hofmann, Lexicon Universale, 1698, iii. p. 93 (a
mere note).
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. pp. 535-6.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metalhcce^
1732, p. 148.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 899.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 327.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1746, xlix. col. 2331.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
^Si, PP- 599, 877-
esteem in his native place. He neglected no
opportunity to improve his knowledge, and visited
the schools of Leipzig, Tubingen, Padua, and
Basel, where he graduated (Eloy). He then went
to Halle. He wrote several treatises on chemistry
and medicine. According to the inscription to his
memory in the posthumous work, Physiologia Salis
(dated 1625 in the edition I have seen), he died
7 Kal. Aug., 1624, in his 43rd year, so that he
was born about 1581.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon^ 1751, iv.
col. 1684.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historiqiie de la Mtdecine,
1755. »• P- 452 I !778, iv. p. 525-
Matthise, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 549.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 296 ;
I77S- »• P- 6°4-
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1777, ii.
p. 397 (list of his works).
George Rudolph Boehmer, Systematisch-Liter-
aensches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1788, IV.
i. pp. 319 (de Salis Natura, Halae, 1624, 1625, 4° ;
Opus chymico-medicum, Halae, 1644, 4°) ; 495
(Tract, de Sulphure, Halae, 1619, 4°) ; 1789, IV. ii.
p. 13 (Anatomia Mercurii, Halae, 1620, 4°).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 595.
Biographic Afe"dicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 379.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1894, xv. p. 37.
UNVORGREIFFLICHE Gedancken, von Alchymischen Schrifften.
Prov. xxix. ii. Ein Narr schiittet seinen Geist gar aus, aber ein
Weiser halt an sich.
Jm Jahr. 1708.
8°. Pp. 32.
In these modest reflections, the author (name not
given) complains that the alchemists darken the
subject by the allegorical and misleading style of
their writings. Though certain processes may be
well described, they make a deep mystery of the
' first matter," and he asks what is the use of all
their books when the authors imply, if they do not
affirm, that only those divinely predestinated can
ever attain the secret ?
Petraeus, who quotes this book, does not seem to
know the author's name.
Fr. Basilii Valentini . . . Chymische Schriften, ed. Petraeus, 1769, i. Neue Vorrede, sig. f i verso.
UNVORGREIFFLICHES Gutachten von der Moglichkeit einer zu bereitenden
Universal-Median, wodurch alle Kranckheiten mogen curiret werden, an
einen guten Freund gestellet von einem Jn Chymicis Experimentis Co-
operante. Regensburg, gedruckt und zu finden bey Heinr. Gottfr.
Zunkel. 1742.
Pp. 48.
8°.
This tract was reprinted in the ' Pharus Chymiae '
1752 (q.v.\ of which it forms the first part. The
second contains : Erklarung der philosophischen
Terminorum, und Anweisung zur Zubereitung der
Universal-Medicin. The author's name is presum-
ably indicated by the initials J. C. E. C., but I
have not discovered his name or anything about
him.
UNVORSICHTIG (Die) verlohrne aber doch gliicklich wiederum gefundene
Philosophische Brieff-Tasche, aus welcher nach Anweisung und Lehre, und
UNVORSICHTIG—URALTER 485
UNVORSICHTIG (Die), etc. Continued.
zwar grosten Theils mit selbst eigenen Worten, der approbiertesten Philoso-
phen der rechte Grund, die wahrhaffte Materie und der richtige Weeg wie
zu der wahren und geheimen Hermetischen Wissenschafft zu gelangen seye,
nebst einer aufrichtigen Handleitung zur wiircklichen Bereitung der soge-
nandten Philosophischen-Tinctur, in vier unterschiedenen Brieffen, und einem
gar merck- und lesenswiirdigen Post-Scripto, in Natur und Kunst-
gemasser Connexion und Ordnung, von Anfang bifs ans Ende, auf das
deutlichste vorgestellet wird. Worbey zugleich auch unterschiedliche sehr
curieuse Fata und Acta Chymica, nebst recht sonderbahren, raren, geheimen,
reellen und zum Hauptwerck gehorigen philosophischen Anmerckungen,
mancherley niitzlichen und hochst-nothwendigen Erinnerungen, auch treu-
gemeinten Warnungen, wegen derer mit-unterlauffenden vielen Betriigereyen,
deren Einfaltigen, sich selbst zum offtern verfuhrenden Laboranten, auch
schadlichen Sophisten und Gern-Goldmacher, denen der edlen und wahren
Chymie ergebenen, zum Nutzen und Verniigen mit beygefiiget werden,
auch am Ende mit einem vollkommenen Real-Indice und Register, der
vornehmsten darinnen enthaltenen Materien, dem geehrten Leser zum Plaisir,
versehen und heraus gegeben von Einem Freund und Untersucher der
Natiirlichen und Hermetischen Wahrheiten. Strasburg, Zufinden bey
Johannes Beck, Anno MDCC XXVIII.
8°. Pp. [10, 2 blank] 306 [18]. Title red and black, printed across two pages.
Amongst his titles Kopp does not seem to have the time, and is not without some interest from a
come across this particular combination. It con- historical point of view,
tains discussions of books and notions prevalent at
Die unvorsichtig verlohrne aber doch gliicklich wiederum gefundene
Philosophische Brieftasche.
See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1787, ii. p. 319.
Extracts only.
UNWANDELBARE (Die) und ewige Religion der altesten Naturforscher und
so genannten Adepten.
See SCHADE (GEORG).
URALTER RITTER-KRIEG.
Uhr-alter Ritter-Krieg, das ist, Ein Alchymistisch kiirtzliches Gesprach unsers
Steins, des Goldes und des Mercurij, von der wahren Materij, daraus der
Stein der Weisen von den Naturkiindigern durch gebiihrliche Handgrifie
mit Hulfie des Lunischen Vulcani bereitet wird von einem alten wohler-
fahrnen Philosopho beschrieben. Hamburg, In Verlegung Georg Wolffs,
Buchhandl. in S. Johanis-Kirchen 1680.
8°. Pp. 16.
Uralter Ritter-Krieg, das ist ein Alchymistisch kiirtzliches Gesprach, unsers
Steins des Goldes und des Mercurii, von der wahren Materie daraus der
486 URALTER
URALTER RITTER-KRIEG. Continued.
Stein der Weisen von den Naturkiindigern durch gebiihrliche Handgriffe
mit Hiilffe des Lunischen Vulcani bereitet wird, von einem Wohlerfahrenen
Philosopho beschrieben, &c. [Nach der Leipzigischen Edition von An.
1604.]
See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph, 1707, p. 14.
See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph, 1765, p. 14.
Der uralte Ritterkrieg, von einem ungenannten deutschen Weisen, nach der
ersten deutschen Ausgabe in Leipzig vom Jahr 1604. oder der hermetische
Triumph, als der siegende Philosophische Stein : mit (Dydacus Senertus)
eines franzosischen Weisen Commentar und Sendschreiben an die achten
hermetischen Schiller; nach der neuesten berichtigten Ausgabe, im Verlag
Johann Paul Kraufs. 1765.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C, 1779, iii. p. 15.
Uralter Ritter-Krieg.
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Triumphwagen Antimonii, 1624, p. 442.
See HERMETICAL (The) Triumph.
See TRES-ANCIEN (Le) DUEL des Chevaliers.
See TRIOMPHE (Le) Hermetique.
See STREIT (Ein) und Gesprach des Goldes und Mercurij wider den Stein
der Weisen.
This is the Uralter Ritter-Krieg under another title.
The Ancient War of the Knights; or, Victorious Stone.
See LIVES of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philosophy, 1814, p. 152.
This fable or allegory, as it appears, was origi- tique (y.v.), which was reprinted at Amsterdam in
nally written in German, and seems to have been 1699 (q.v.). The tract itself is entitled, 'L'ancienne
first published at Leipzig, in 1604, 8°, appended guerre des Chevaliers, 'and Lenglet Dufresnoy men-
to Basil Valentine's Triumphwagen Antimonii, tions another edition dated 1710. It is stated in the
edited by Tholde, and again in 1611. The date is introduction that the previous version having been
also given in the sub-title of the edition of 1707 made, not from the original, but from a Latin trans-
(q.v.). The writing itself may be earlier. lation that was not always exact, after much trouble
It was printed again by Tholde in the edition to procure the original and a translator, this had
of Basil Valentine's Triumphwagen Antimonii, been accomplished, and the more accurate version
Leipzig, 1624 (q.v.), and in the reprint, Ntirn- so introduced was the result. At the end is the
berg, 1676, pp. 344-361, and it was included, of note : ' Le Nom de 1'Auteur est en Latin dans
course, in the Latin translation of Tbolde's col- cett'anagramme : Dives Sicut Ardens S * * * ' As
lection by Petrus Johannes Faber, Tolosae, 1646, this has been interpreted to mean Sanctus De-
pp. 190-201, where it is called " Antiquissimum siderius, a Latinized form of Saint Disdier (q.v.),
Equitum Bellum." the Triomphe Hermetique in its entirety has been
Under the title, ' Ein Streit und Gesprach des attributed to him. That, however, is an error, for
Goldes und Mercurij wider den Stein der Weisen,' though he may have been the author of some or all
it was printed with verbal differences in Dariot's of the other tracts, the whole history of the
Die gulden Arch, Schatz- und Kunstkammer of Uralter Ritter-Krieg — its age and original lan-
1614 (q.v.), and afterwards in the Eroffnete Geheim- guage, and what is said in the introduction about
nisse, &c., 1708, p. 765 (q.v,). the other version — shows that he could not have
From the Latin version it was turned into been the author.
French, with the title : ' Tres-ancien duel des At this point some confusion sets in. The whole
Chevaliers,' and appeared in Divers Traitez de la of the preceding work was now translated into
Philosophie Naturelle, Paris, 1672 (q.v.). German, with the title, Der Hermetische Triumph,
Then in 1680 the German was published again at Leipzig u. Gorlitz, 1707 (q.v.), from the French of
Hamburg with the same title, Uhr-alter Ritter- 1689, and with the Ritter-Krieg in German and
Krieg as above. French on opposite pages. The German, how-
Next in 1689, at Amsterdam, a new French ever, is not a translation from the French, but is a
translation appeared, with an introduction and reprint of the edition of 1604, as is distinctly stated
commentaries, and the title, Le Triomphe Herme- in the note on the subsidiary title. A fresh edition
URAL TER—URBIGERUS
487
URALTER RITTER-KRIEG. Continued.
of this German book came out at Frankfurt and
Leipzig, 1765, 8°, as is given above. At the end
is an interpretation of the anagram : Dydacus
Senertus, which requires some manipulation and
wrenching before it will work.
The English edition, it will be seen, avoids con-
fusion, for it contains a version both from the
French and from the original German.
Schmieder, who furnishes an abstract and criti-
cism of the Kitter-Krieg, has given a most confused
account of the book and its editions. He mentions
the edition of 1604, and then says the book was
translated into French by Faber at Montpellier
and published at Paris, 1608, 8°, with the title :
' L'ancienne guerre des Chevaliers.' He next pro-
ceeds to mix up with the Uralter Ritter-Krieg the
work of Johann Sternhals, entitled Ritter-Krieg,
Hamburg, 1680, and calls this (quoted from Georgii's
Bticherlcxikori) the second edition of the other, when
in reality Sternhals' work was printed in 1595 (if not
earlier), and the book Schmieder quotes is a new
edition of it. (See under STERNHALS.)
There is no evidence, so far as I am aware, in
support of a French version by Faber or anyone
else in 1608, or indeed before 1672. As for Faber,
the earliest work by him which I know of was
printed in 1624 at Toulouse, viz. Palladium Spagi-
ricutn. Probably 1608 was before he was old
enough to do work at all. Schmieder makes the
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 60.
Georgii, Allgemtines Europdisches Biicher-Lexi-
kon, 1742, iii. p. 303 (Hamburg, 1680 ; number of
sheets and price not given).
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 180, 314, 315, 316.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785.
p. 632.
error worse by adding that Faber's translation was
reprinted in Richebourg's Bibliotheque des philo-
sophes chimiques, Paris (1740), iii. p. 181.
Unfortunately, Kopp, following Schmieder, has
repeated part of his errors, without, however, com-
mitting himself to all that Schmieder has said.
Thus he speaks of a French edition of 1608, and a
retranslation of this into German, 1765. He also
describes Sternhals' work, 1680, as a remodelling
of the other book. Kopp cannot have seen the
books he mentions, else he would never, with his
admirable exactness, have made these statements.
Curiously enough, neither Schmieder nor Kopp
makes any reference to the anagram, or to Saint
Disdier as the compiler of the Triomphe Hermttique.
Other authorities are just as vague. Lenglet Du-
fresnoy (Hist, de la Phil. Herme'tique, 1742, iii.
p. 180) quotes 'L'ancienne guerre des Chevaliers'
in German, Leipsic, 1604, and the 'Triomphe' as
above mentioned, but he has no notice of the other
editions, or of Sternhals. He, however, does allude
incidentally to Saint Disdier (iii. p. 315).
Sternhals, however, is quoted as the author of the
' Uralter Ritterkrieg, in Form eines Gerichtlichen
Processes,' Hamburg, 1680, which is obviously not
the book entitled properly ' Uralter Ritter-Krieg.'
The subject has been briefly noticed by Ladrague,
who also shows that Limojon de Saint Disdier
could not have been the author.
Lives of the Adepts in Alchymistical Philosophy,
1814, p. 152.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, pp.
254-257.
La.dra.gue,BMioiAefue OuvarofftSciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 852, 853, 861, 862, 1150-54.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 322, 330.
URBIGERUS (BARO).
Aphorism! Urbigerani, oder Gewisse Reguln, welche klarlich anweisen die 3.
unfehlbahren Wege umb das Grosse Elixir, oder Circulatum Majus der
Philosophen zubereiten, wodurch entdecket warden so wohl die grosten
Geheimnisse, als Irrthiimer der gemeinen Chymisten in ihren Arbeiten,
verfasset in too. und ein Aphorismos worbey auch angefiiget worden die 3.
Wege zur Erlangung des Vegetabilischen Elixirs, oder Circulati minoris,
alles aus eigener Erfahrung auffgesetzet, mitgetheilet von Barone Urbigero,
Gottes gretreuen Priester im Tempel der Natur. Erst gedruckt zu London
bey Henrii Faithorn, 1690. Nunmehro aber verteutschet, und publicirt zu
ErrTurdt, von selbigen Authore. Verlegts, Johann Caspar Birckner. 1691.
8°. Pp. [80], frontispiece included.
One hundred Aphorisms demonstrating the Preparation of the Grand Elixir.
See LIVES of the Adepts in Alchemystical Philosophy, 1814, p. 237.
Besondere Chymische Schrifften, wie nemlich
I. Die Medicina Universalis zu praepariren damit alle Metalle und Kranck-
. heiten konnen curirt werden,
488
URBIGERUS
URBIGERUS (BARO). Continued.
II. Viele Manieren wie ein jedwedes Metall vor und an sich selbst Via
Particular! zu verbessern sey,
III. Die Tugenden und Eigenschafften des Antimonij und eine sichere
Methode das Aurum potabile so wol in forma Sicca als humida
zu machen,
IV. Allerhand rare Secreta fur Medicos und Chirurgos,
V. 101 Gewisse Regeln oder kurtze Aphorismi durch 3. Wege das grosse
Elixir der Philosophorum zu bereiten, &c. Mit saubern Kupffern
heraus gegeben von Baron Urbigero, Gottes getreuen Priestern im
Tempel der Natur.
Hamburg, Bey Benjamin Schillern, Buchhandlern im Thum, Anno 1705.
8°. Pp. [8, frontispiece included] 109 [i], [40, 14, 56] frontispiece included. The
Aphorisms, Circulatum Minus, and 138 Regeln are unpaged, and have separate titles.
This copy wants seven plates.
Petraeus, in his preface, speaking of certain
persons who wrote on transmutation not from
practical experience but from mere conjecture, adds :
"which I can almost affirm also of a person well
known by his writings, called Baro Urbigerus,
Borghese or C. de Siebenb [Siebenburg, or Sieben-
berg ?] who died only a few years ago in Saxony,
though it is certain that in his ' Aphorisms ' a
truth is concealed, which Duke Frederick of Saxe-
Gotha, to whom the ' Aphorisms ' were dedicated,
tested, according to the process given, and found
correct. A chemical medal was struck at the time
of the size of an eight-groschen piece, one side of
which bare at the top ' a Numine Lumen' with the sign
O and ]), in the middle a double triangle, at the
bottom a phoenix with [the symbol of] antimony on
its head and in its bill [those of] salt, sulphur,
and mercury, with the motto 'Suscipio & reddo,'
Gotha, 1685. On the other side : Fndericus D. G.
Dux Sax. I. C. & Mont., below 'Sorberger,' out of
which by an anagram Borghese can be got. Yet
Urbigerus himself, though he had repeatedly begun
this process, had never succeeded, on account of
various fatalities, in carrying it to Perfection. The
author of the ' Unvorgreiffliche Gedancken ' allots
great praise both to Philaletha and Urbigerus
for having written of the mystery as clearly as
ever was done, though he otherwise passes severe
strictures on other philosophical writers, and thinks
that no more need be written about the 'Lapis,'
though the reasons he alleges, while true in part,
are not quite conclusive. Eugenius Philalethes,
though a great writer, was considered, by all who
knew him in London, as a speculative philosopher,
and to have been rather poor, whereas Irenseus
Philaletha made projection before Charles II., as
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 123.
Unvorgreiffliche Gedancken, von Alchymischen
Schri/ten, 1708, p. 17.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp.
197, 205.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 327.
Fr. Basilii Valentini . . . Chymische Schriften,
ed. Petraeus, 1769, i. Neue Vorrede, sig. f i recto.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785,
PP- 539, 643-
Urbiger assures us he heard from his Majesty's
own lips."
The identification of Urbiger and Borghese, and
the statement about Philaletha are repeated in
Jungfer Alchymia and by Schmieder. I cannot,
however, homologate Petraeus' reading of the
passage in the ' Unvorgreiffliche Gedancken,' for
while the author certainly speaks of the clearness
of the writings, he says that Urbiger's 'Scripta'
appear to be very sophistical, and he doubts
whether Urbiger was himself in possession of the
key of the secret. The author's concluding wish
is that the adepts would either reveal the secret
in plain terms or cease writing about it.
Nothing (so far as I can find) is on record about
the person who calls himself Baro Urbiger or
Urbigerus. His Aphorisms appeared in English
at London, 1690, small 8°, pp. [10 with the
frontispiece] 1-51 [52-60] 61-86, and in his dedi-
cation he explains how this happened. "Being
at present in England, tho we are no Native
of this Kingdom, we think it necessary to set
forth these Aphorisms in the English Tongue,
not in the least doubting, but that the Know-
ing, minding only the Sense, will easily pardon
any Impropriety, they may find in our Ex-
pressions : and when Providence shall carry us
into any other Country, we, having attain'd to
some competent knowledg of most European Lan-
guages, shall again take care to publish them in
the Speech of the Place, where we shall be." And
so the German edition above was by the author
himself as he states.
The author of the Beylrag says the Aphorisms are
neither fundamental nor reliable.
Semler, Unparteiische Santlungen zur Historie
der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iv. p. 49.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 314.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p.
39i-
Figuier, L'Alchimie ct les Alchimistes, 1856, p.
277.
Ladrague,Z?z'3/i<?//r^#e Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes ,
1870, No. 1186.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 384.
U RIM— UTIS UDENIUS
URIM & Thumim Moysis.
See MENSENRIET, 1737.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Cliemie, 1785,
p. 665.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 370.
URTHEIL (Das) oder Vergleichung des Gotts vnnd Richters Mercurii im vralten
Ritterkrieg.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum. Epilogus et Reca-
pitulatio Orthelii, 1624, p. 227.
See STERNHALS (jOHANN).
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 519.
This last is a Latin translation of the ' Urtheil. '
USUFUR womit ein vornehmer Italianischer Fiirst von einem vermeinten
Chymico listiger Weise betrogen worden. Vor einigen Jahren Welsch,
nun aber Teutsch publicirt. So als ein Anhang zum Fegefeuer der Chymisten
dienen kan. Franckfurt und Leipzig, zu finden im Taubrischen Buchladen.
1717.
Pp. [24].
8°
The person who played the trick here described is
called Daniel aus Siebenbiirgen. It is narrated also
by Tharsander, by Kopp, and it was known to
Voltaire, who was rather pleased with the ingenuity
of it.
Tharsander, Adeplus Ineptus, Berlin, 1744, cap.
3- §3. P- 9i-
Beytrag zttr Geschichte der hdhern Chetnie, 1785,
pp. 230-232.
The term Usufur denoted cinnabar ; here it was
used for the supposed gold producing powder.
The same or a similar story is told by the author
of the Beytrag.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 163.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
257, 282.
UTIS UDENIUS.
Non-entia Chymica.
See ELSHOLZ (JOHANN SIGISMUND), Destillatoria Curiosa, 1683, p. 155.
The name ' Utis,' I take it, is OPris, the same as
that with which Ulysses deceived Polyphemus, and
'Udenius' looks as if it had been made out of
oi'Sefc, so that the author is ' Nobody at all.' A
good many authorities indicate Michael Kirsten or
Kirstenius as the author, whereas by others ' Utis '
is identified with Georg Wolffgang WEDEL (q.v.).
Michael Kirsten, who is not connected with
Georg, was born 25 Jan., 1620, at Beraun in
Moravia, where his father was clergyman. When
his father removed to Sunola in Silesia, Kirsten
had his schooling there and then went to Breslau
where he distinguished himself. In 1637 he pur-
sued the study of philosophy and medicine at
Rostock, and after three years went to Stettin and
lived with Lorentz Eichstad, a clever physician
who took a liking for him, and was ably assisted
by him in drawing uphisEphemeridesastronomica:.
He at the same time helped Detharding who was
then writing against the alchemists, and he himself
published the present book on the same theme :
Non-entia chymica.
In 1642 he was offered the chair of mathematics
at Frankfurt a. d. O., but he declined it, and the
following year went to Denmark and Norway. He
stayed at Copenhagen for some time and trans-
lated the anatomical institutes of Caspar Bartholinus
and the explanations of Casserio's anatomical
tables into German.
In 1648 he was in Hamburg and refused the
offer of certain posts because he wished to visit
Italy. He did so and graduated at Padua, in
1653. When he came back to Hamburg he re-
ceived the professorship of mathematics in 1655,
to which was added in 1660 that of physics.
He died 2 March, 1678, at Hamburg.
He composed a great deal of Latin verse for
which Placcius puts him among the poets of the
first rank during his time. In reply to a violent
satire by Johann Blom, librarian at Hamburg, he
wrote as coarse a reply, Aletophilus paradigmati-
kotnenos, Hamburg, 1654, 4°.
At Frankfurt appeared ' Non-Entia Chymica,
sive Catalogus eorum operum operationumque
Chymicarum, quae, cum non sint in rerum
natura, nee esse possint, magno tamen cum
strepitu £ vulgp Chymicorum passim circum-
feruntur, & Orbi obtruduntur, Francofurti, 1645,
12°. Ibidem, apud Thomam Matthiam Gbtzium,
1670, 12°. This edition was published with a
preface by Georg Wolffgang Wedel.
It was reprinted at Berlin in 1674, along with
Joh. Sigism. Elsholz's Destillatoria Curiosa, under
the name of Utis Udenius, pp. 99-140.
UTIS UDENIUS
UTIS UDENIUS. Continued.
Konig, Bibliotheca Vetus et Nova, 1678, p. 446
(Michael Kirstenius).
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 1049.
Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. Nnnn
4 verso, Ann. 2 Mart. 1678.
Moller, Bibliotheca Septentrionis eruditi, 1699,
i. pp. 101, 335.
Georg. Pascbi\is,DeNovts/nventts, quorum accur-
atiori cultui facem prcstulit Antiquitas, Lipsiae,
1700, p. 344.
Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseudony-
morum, 1708, p, 243 (No. 1002, ' Non-entia
Chymica'), 461, (No. 1821, ' Anatomicae Tabulae').
Kunckel, V. Curiose Chymische Tractdtlein . . .
I. Chymische Anmerckungen, . . . mit Anhang
einer Chymischen Brille, contra Non-Entia Chym.,
1721, pp. 129-154 (a criticism of views propounded
in the book).
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 461.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 445-
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 320.
Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, pp. 412-417.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii.
col. 2105.
Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 597 (about M. Kirsten).
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historiijue de la Medecine,
1778, ii. p. 641.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 151.
Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 43°-
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•wdrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1262.
y * * *
Histoire Critique de Nicolas Flamel et de Pernelle sa Fern me, recueillie
d'Actes anciens qui justifient 1'origine & la mediocrite de leur fortune
centre les imputations des Alchimistes. On y a joint le Testament de
Pernelle & plusieurs autres Pieces interessantes. Par M. L. V*** A
Paris, Chez G. Desprez, Imprimeur & Libraire ordinaire du Roi & du
Clerge de France, rue St. Jacques, a saint Prosper & aux trois Vertus.
M.DCC.LXI. Avec Approbation & Privilege du Roi.
12°. Pp. xij, 403 [4, i blank]. Frontispiece and plate of Flamel's bouse.
M. L. V * * * stands presumably, for M. L'Abbe'
Villain. The author's name was Etienne Franfois
Villain, Essai d'une Histoire de la Paroisse de
Saint Jacques de la Boucherie, Paris, 1758, pp.
145-164 (Chapitre xxi. De Nicolas Flamel, & de
Pernelle sa Femme. In this he ascribes Flamel's
moderate wealth to hard work and economy, and
not to the Jews or the philosophers' stone — and he
mentions also Flamel's benefactions. This book
was reviewed in 1} Annie Litteraire, 1758, Tome
vii. pp. 241-267, and special attention (pp. 250-264)
is given to Flamel. Arguments to rebut Villain's
statements are advanced, the amount of Flamel's
wealth, as evidenced by the magnitude of his foun-
dations, is referred to as being too great for him
to have made it by the unlucrative profession of a
scrivener, and then is quoted Flamel's twenty-one
years' search for the stone, with the projections he
made. He concealed his wealth, however, although
he became one of the notable men of the parish.
Next follows a description of the MS. seen by Dom
Pernety. It was a breviary, in Flamel's hand-
writing, of 1414. On the margins was an allegorical
treatise of the Hermetic Work, addressed to his
nephew. Apparently it was in answer to this review
or challenge that Villain wrote the present life of
Flamel. producing documentary evidence for the
statements that his wealth was limited, his donations
in reality small, and showing that there was no
necessity for assuming his money to have been due
to a knowledge of the Hermetic Secret. As this
stands, it is perhaps an unsettled historical question,
requiring revision to determine with what accuracy
the abbe pursued his enquiries. Anyhow, his life of
Flamel, reiterating his previous statements with
proofs, was more than Pernety could stand, and
hence his letter in L Annee Litteraire of 1762, re-
ferred to below, in which he says : ' Apres 1'analyse
que vous [i.e. the editor to whom he is writing]
files dans votre Annee Litteraire, au mois de
Novembre 1758, de V Essai Historique sur Saint
Jacques de la Boucherie par M. 1'Abbe V***,
Villain. For other references see under FLAMEL
(Nicolas).
j'aurois era que cet auteur se seroit condamng au
silence. Mais vos remarques au sujet de sa digres-
sion sur Nicolas Flamel, & 1'envie de justifier une
opinion hazardee qu'il a pris le parti- de ne pas
abandonner, ne lui ont pas permis de se taire."
One can understand why Freron, the editor, in in-
troducing this letter of Pernety's, styled Villain's
book 'cet 6crit fort ennuyeux. It was 'very tire-
some ' to have one's hero-adept deposed from his
eminence, and one's arguments all upset by a writer
who had covered himself with dust ' en feuilletant
les vieux parchemins des archives de S. Jacques de
la Boucherie ' as Dom Pernety puts it ; but that
sort of thing is rather apt to happen. In fact, they
would appear to ' have wakened up the Wrong man,'
and he stated his views accordingly).
Pernety, ' Lettre de Dom Pernety sur une His-
toire de Nicolas Flamel,' in M. Freron's 1} Annee
Litteraire Annee M.DCC.LXii., Amsterdam, iii.
pp. 24-35. (This is a review of Villain's book, in
which he shows that the facts and arguments
therein put forward do not touch the question of
Flamel's being an adept. He also defends the
authenticity of an alchemical MS. dated 1414,
which bears to be the composition as well as in the
handwriting of Flamel himself, but which Villain
did not believe in. The abb£ replied to this
critique in the following letter, which I have not
succeeded in seeing : Lettre a M * * * sur celle que
dom Pernety a fait inserer dans les feuilles de M.
Freron centre 1' Histoire Critique de N. Flamel,
Paris, 1762, 12°. )
Biographie Universelle, 1816, xv. pp. 8-12 ; 1856,
xiv. pp. 185-187. (Article by Delaulnaye, who
points out that the whole legend is symbolical of
the Hermetic Work itself, and that it was put in
circulation, if not actually invented, by Jacques
Gohorry, in a sort of preface to the 'Sommaire
philosophique,' which he printed in his collection :
Transformation metallique, 1561, 8°. Delaulnaye
492
_^. (j. /?.),
V * * * Continued.
claims to have shown for the first time that the date
of Flamel's first projection for silver on 17 January,
1382, said to have been lundi, was in reality ven-
dredi, according to the Art de verifier les dates ;
but it was fitting that the projection for luna should
take place on lundi. The rest of the article takes
a very prosaic and by no means flattering view of
Flamel and his transactions. )
Analectabiblion, ou Extraits critiques de divers
livres rares, oubli^s ou peu connus, tire's du Cabinet
du Marquis D. R* * * (i.e. Marquis du Roure),
Paris, Techener, 1836, i. pp. 132-134. (This is a
brief review of Villain's 'Vie,' and it summarizes
his data obtained from the original acts of gift and
testamentary dispositions of Flamel and his wife,
by which is shown that the reputed immense wealth
and property in lands and houses are reduced to a
sum which Flamel could have made in the course
of his profession and by strict economy of living,
and which required no philosophers' stone to pro-
duce it. 'The arguments,' it is added, ' appear to
us incontrovertible ; they will possibly not convince
everybody, and people, sensible and learned, will
not the less go on saying that Nicolas Flamel and
Pernelle his wife possessed the secret of transmu-
tation. Pour punir leurs imitateurs, nous les con-
damnerons a lire trois fois le livre de 1'abb^ Villain,
qui, bien que judicieux et recherche' des amateurs,
ne se lit pas commodement.')
Alphonse Esquires, ' Nicolas Flamel,' La France
Litttraire, Paris, 1836, xxiii. pp. 231-249. (This
is a readable recapitulation, with a thread of
badinage through it, of the legend of Flamel, and
may have been intended as a sort of comment on
the matter of fact statement in the Analectabiblion.
It describes Flamel's coming to Paris, his life as a
scrivener, and acquisition of the book of Abraham
the Jew, its contents, Flamel's pilgrimage and
ultimate successful transmutations ; the proofs of
his wealth, the impossibility of the insinuations of
Naud6 (spelled Naude"e), that it came from plunder
of the Jews, Cramoisy's visit and Flamel's escape
from taxation ; his recognition of his dangerous
position by jealousy of his endowments of hospitals
and churches, and his plans to escape from it ;
Pernelle's reputed death, her interesting will, which
is still extant ; Flamel's supposed death seven years
later ; his meeting with Pernelle at Geneva, and
their departure to the East ; Paul Lucas' report in
1713. Esquiros then adds a bit of his own :
Flamel's return to Paris on June 6, 1818, his in-
ability to see any place he knew, except his tower
of St. Jacques-de-la-Boucherie, his failure to get
any one to believe that he was Flamel returned
after five hundred years' absence, his leave-taking
of Paris and departure with his wife into everlasting
exile.)
P. L. Jacob (Paul Lacroix), Soirees de Walter
Scott a Paris, Paris, 1846, i. pp. 23-50 (a little
romance on Flamel, in which he is not shown to
the best advantage, and the account of his death
is quite different from anything elsewhere).
Franfois Lacombe, Histoire de la Bourgeoisie de
Paris. Les Bourgeois ctlebres de Paris, Paris,
Amyot, (1852), pp. 199-216 (repeats the stories about
Flamel, accuses him of doubting everything except
the occult sciences, and interprets all his benefac-
tions as means of protection against the thunder-
bolts and anathemas of the church, a new suggestion ;
the author seems even to believe that there is
something in the legend that Flamel and his wife
are still alive ; perhaps, however, he joked with
difficulty. He quotes a reference to Flamel in an
article ' Les Chercheurs d'or au moyen-age,' by M.
Claude Vignon (i.e. Noe'mie Constant) in the
Assemble Nationale, 30 Dec. 1851, which I have
not seen).
Guillebert de Metz, Description de la Ville de
Paris au XV" Siecle . . . publiee pour la premiere
fois d'apres le Manuscrit unique par M. Le Roux
de Lincy, Paris, 1855, p. 84. ('Item Flamel
I'aisne', escripvain qui faisoit tant d'aumosnes et
hospitalitez ; et fist pluseurs maisons ou gens de
mestiers demouroient en bas, et du loyer qu'ilz
paioient estoient soutenus povres laboureurs en
hault.' In the note reference is made to Villain's
life of Flamel, and attention is drawn to the
distinction between him and Flamel le jeune,
calligrapher of the Due de Berri, who wrote a
remarkable bible preserved in the Bibliotheque
Nationale. )
Nouvelle Biographie Gtnerale, 1858, xvii. cols.
817-823 and references. (Article by Vallet de
Viriville, who gives a straightforward account of
Flamel's life, profession, business , capacity and
methods, of the sources and amount of his fortune.
He considers that his reputation as an alchemist
was due to an exaggerated estimate of his wealth,
and to the report ascribed to Gohorry, and he con-
cludes that in his belief Flamel was not the author
of any work on the Hermetic philosophy.)
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 557.
Schelenz, Geschichti der Pharmazie, 1904, p. 231.
V. F. S. P.
See CREILING (JOHANN CONRAD).
V. (J. R.), M.D.
Giildene Rose, d. i. Einfaltige Beschreibung des Allergrossesten von dem
Allmachtigsten Schopffer Himmels und der Erden Jehovah, in die Natur
gelegten, und dessen Freunden und Auservvehlten zugetheilten Geheimnisses,
als Spiegels der gottlichen und natiirlichen Weisheit, ans Licht gebracht
durch J. R. V. M. D.
See DREY Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, 1706.
See FUNF Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, 1767.
V. (J. /?.), M.D.— VALENTINI
493
V. (J. R.), M.D. Continued.
This tract is in verse and is divided into sections
entitled respectively :
I. Ansprache an die wahren Weisheits-Kinder.
II. Jesus.
In the 1767 edition, however, this is called :
Merckwiirdige Nachricht, wie es einem Schiller
der Hermetischen Philosophic in dem Gesuch
des Steins der Weisen ergangen ; nebst einer
Anweisung, was man, um besagten Stein zu
erlangen, zu beobachtcn hat.
III. Gesprach zwischen dem Saturnus der Wei-
sen und einem Chymisten, von der wahren Materia
des Philosophischen Steins und seiner Vorarbeit.
IV. Vom Stein der Weisen, und zwar von
Jamsthalers ersten Tinctur.
V. Von Jamsthalers zweyten Tinctur.
VI. Fr. Basilius von der Wurtzel des Steins
der Weisen.
VII. F. R. C.
VIII. Lehr-Satze von der Praeparation des Steins
der Weisen.
IX. Sophische Arie von der Weisen Stein.
X. Ratzel.
XI. Nachklang.
Beschreibung des grossen Geheimnisses des Steins der Weisen, als der von
Gott erbethenen und erhaltenen Weifsheit des Ko'nigs Salomonis.
See DREY Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, 1704.
See also FtJNF Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, 1767.
This is an extract from Giildene Rose, consisting tische Aria von der Weisen Stein ') and X.
of numbers II., IX. (which is called ' Eine Sophis- 'Ratzel.'
Auszug aus der giildenen Rose.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, »>• P- 2°7-
VADE Mecum Philosophique.
See LE CROM ( ALEX ANDRE ?), 1719.
VADIS (^EGIDIUS DE).
See i«GiDius de Vadis.
Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p. 481.
Van der Linden, De Script is Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 8.
Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. 3.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 416.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromits Bibliotheces metallic^,
1732, p. 144.
George Rudolph Boehmer, Systematisch-Liter-
aerisches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, Leipz. ,
1788, IV. i. p. 10.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Akhemie, 1832, p.
298.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 969-970.
VAGAN (THOMAS DE).
See VAUGHAN (THOMAS).
VALENTIA (FLORENTINUS DE).
See FLORENTINUS de Valentia.
VALENTINI (MICHAEL BERNHARD).
Museum Museorum, oder Vollstandige Schau-Biihne aller Materialien und
Specereyen nebst deren Natiirlichen Beschreibung, Election, Nutzen und
Gebrauch, aus andern Material- Kunst- und Naturalien-Kammern, Oost- und
West- Indischen Reifs-Beschreibungen, Curiosen Zeit- und Tag- Regi stern, Natur-
und Artzney-Kundigern, wie auch selbst-eigenen Erfahrung, zum Vorschub
494 VALENTINI
VALENTINI (MICHAEL BERNHARD). Continued.
der Studirenden Jugend, Materialisten, Apothecker und deren Visitatoren,
Wie auch anderer Kiinstler, als Jubelirer, Mahler, Farber, u. s. w. also
verfasset, und mit etlich hundert sauberen Kupfferstiicken unter Augen
geleget von D. Michael Bernhard Valentini, Ihro Hoch-Fiirstl. Durchl.
der verwittibten Frau Landgraffin zu Hessen-Darmstadt, Leib- und Hof-
Medico, der Artzney und Natiirl. Wissenschafften Prof. Ord. zu Giessen,
auch verschiedener Curiosen Academien in Teutschland und Italien Collega.
Franckfurt am Mayn, In Verlegung Johann David Zunners. Im Jahr 1704.
Folio. Pp. [26] 520. Unvorgreiffliches Bedencken von Kunst- und Naturalien-
Kammern insgemein, [4] 76. Oost-Indianische Send-Schreiben, [4] 119 [i blank, 12].
Engraved title extra. Numerous engraved plates in the text.
The second volume has a different title-page :
Musei Museorum, oder der vollstandigen Schau-Biihne frembder Naturalien
Zweyter Theil, Worinnen die rareste Natur-Schatze aus alien bifs daher gedruckten
Kunst-Kammern, Reifs-Beschreibungen und andern Curiosen Biichern enthalten, und
benebenst einer neu-auffgerichteten Zeug- und Riist-Kammer der Natur, auch vielen
Curiosen Kupffer-Stiicken vorgestellet sind, von D. Michael Bernhard Valentini, Hoch-
Fiirstl. Hessischen Leib-Medico und Professore zu Giessen. Franckfurt am Mayn,
Verlegt von Johann David Zunners sel. Erben und Johann Adam Jungen.
M DCC XIV.
Folio. Pp. [24, including the engraved title] 196. 37 plates besides those in the
text, of which n are single, and 26 double.
Anhang von verschiedenen Kunst- und Naturalien-Kammern. Pp. 116. 2 single
plates.
Neu-auffgerichtetes Rust- und Zeughaufs der Natur, . . . Anjetzo zum erstenmal
in Hoch-Teutscher Sprache beschrieben, und an Statt des Dritten Theils des Musei
Museorum unter Augen geleget . . . MDCCXIV. Pp. [8] 228 with 209-216 bis [n,
i blank]. 40 (41) plates of apparatus, &c., of which 5 are double — the rest, 36, are
single. No. 38 is attached both to a single plate and a double one, so that there are
really 41 plates, although only 40 are apparently given.
He was born at Giessen 26 Nov., 1657, and was Boyle and Sydenham. On the 8th of July he
educated there at the high school in 1669, and in proceeded to Paris, where he met du Hamel, du
1675 at the University. His inclination lay towards Verney and Tournefort. After this he turned
medicine, but he neglected no part of the Arts homewards, stopping at Strasburg, and when he got
course, and studied under Strauss, Heiland and to Frankfurt heard that there was to be a medical
Tack. By hard work and perusal of the best graduation at Giessen. As the state of his health
authors he obtained his licence in 1680, devoted prevented him being present, the degree was con-
himself to practice, and went to Lainingen-Harden- ferred on him 'in absentia,' 9 Sept., 1686, and on
burg. A year later he obtained from Maximilian i May, 1687, he got a call to be ordinary professor
von Stahremberg, Fieldmarshal and governor at of physics at Giessen, as successor to Lorenz
Philippsburg, the position of second physician to Strauss. The Academia Naturae Curiosorum ap-
the garrison. He accepted it gladly, but, in con- pointed him ' Adjunkt ' of the Prseses 28 June,
sequence of the repeated solicitations of his parents, 1689, and on the 24 Nov. the Italian society of
was obliged to return to Giessen. In 1682, in Recuperati elected him a member. He received
addition to his practice, he gave courses of private other honours and distinctions: on 19 Feb., 1696,
instruction, and tried to imbue others with a love he was appointed extraordinary, and 7 Sept., 1697,
for natural phenomena. On 13 (29) Oct., 1683, he ordinary professor of medicine at Giessen ; in 1706
was admitted a member of the Academia Naturos physician to the Landgrafin Elizabeth Dorothea
Curiosorum, with the name Thessalus I. In 1685 at Buzbach ; the Royal Prussian Society made him
he visited Heidelberg and Frankfurt a. M., and a member in 1704, the Royal Society of London in
stayed there for a year, and edited the works of 1717 ; in 1720 he was Senior and ' Oeconomie-
Michael Ettmiiller and Johann Michaelis. On Inspektor ' of the University ; in 1728 Imperial
4 March, 1686, he began a course of travel, went ' Leibmedicus,' Count of the Holy Roman Empire,
by Mainz, Coblenz, Arnheim, and Utrecht to Count Palatine, and Director of the ' Ephemerides '
Leyden, made acquaintance with men of learning, of the Academia Nat. Cur. For this society he
in Leyden listened to the chemical lectures of Maets wrote a work entitled : Historia literaria S. R. I.
and Marggrav, of Muschenbroek on mechanics, and Academiae Naturae Curiosorum, complectens re-
those of others on botany and anatomy, and also censionem et contenta librorum, a Dnn. Prae-
attended the hospital. He spent some time in sidibus, Adjunctis et Collegis, loco pensi Academici,
Amsterdam, returned to Leyden and crossed over ad normam et formam in Legibus praescriptam,
to London, 12 June, 1686, and was received by editorum, seorsim olim et per partes continuata,
VALENTINI
495
VALENTINI (MICHAEL BERNHARD).
nunc vero auctior et eniendatior conjunctim emissa,
Gissae-Hassorum, 1708, 4°, pp. 152. This is not
a history of the Academy, but a collection of
papers, in abstract, contributed to it, arranged
under three heads: mineral, vegetable, and animal.
Each division is preceded by an introduction by
Valentini, in which he gives a short review of the
principal writers on the subject.
He had long suffered from calculus, but by
careful living he survived till over 71. He died 18
(13) March, 1729. Valentini wrote on medical topics,
natural history, and physics, and was the author
of numerous papers and academical dissertations.
He also edited the works of Van Helmont and
others. A list of his writings is given by Strieder.
The ' Museum ' was translated into Latin by
Johann Conrad Becker, edited by Christoph. Bernh.
Valentini ^the author's son) and published at Franck-
furt a. M. in 1716, with the \\\\G Historia Simplicium.
This work has been favourably reviewed.
Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractatus, 1700,
P- 5°9-
Acta Eruditorum, Lipsiae, 1704, p. 363 (note on
the scope of the work) ; 1714, pp. 376-380 (another
review).
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1710, v. p. 815.
Le Journal des Sfavans pour I' Annfe MDCCXVI.
1716, p. 350 (review of his ' Historia Simplicium ').
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. pp. 424-433 (metrical account of his
life ; list of his works and reviews).
Never Zeitungen von Gelehrten Sachen des Jahrs
1729 Erster Theil, Leipzig, p. 386 (notice of his
death).
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen
Gelahrhcit, 1731, pp. 248, 368 (notice of his life
and works), 462, 476, 566, 700, 702 (Museum
Museorum), 736, 752, 753, 755, 846, 855 (these
others refer to medical topics).
Jacob Leupolds Prodromtts Bibliothecce metallicee,
1732, p. 145.
N. H. Gundling, Historie der Gelahrheit, 1735,
iii. pp. 3114 note, 3115 note, 3205 note; 1736, iv.
PP- 4978, 5515.. 57i8.
Stolle, Anleitung sur Historie der Gelahrheit,
1736, p. 575 (' Historia literaria Acad. Nat. Cur.').
Carl Giinther Ludovici, Ausfiihrlicher Entwurff
einer vollstiindigen Historie der Wolffischen Philo-
sophie, Leipzig, 1737, ii. p. 213, No. 200; 1738, iii.
p. 276, No. 307.
Joan. -Franc. Seguierius, Bibliotheca Botanica,
Hagae-Com., 1740, pp. 199-200, 307.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon^ 1740,
p. 874.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xlvi. cols. 275-
278 (and references).
Boerhaave, Methodus Stitdii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, i. pp. 104, 105, 158, 159 (Museum), 217,
218 (Museum), 225, 280, 362, 395, 399, 538, 563 ;
ii. pp. 636, 751, 807, 916 (note about him), 987,
1020 (De Magnesia alba, Giessae, 1707), 1022, 1029,
1044 (these refer mainly to Natural History and
Materia Medica).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1404.
BUchner, Academies . . . Nature Curiosorum
Historia, 1755, p. 472, No. 118.
Burcard Gotthelff Struvius, Bibliotheca Historiae
Litterarice selecta, ed. Joan. Frid. Jugler, Jenae,
1763, iii. p. 2001.
Portal, Histoirede I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, iii. p. 626.
Continued.
The first volume contains a description, with
plates, of minerals, plants and vegetable products,
and animals, their properties and uses in the arts
and in rnedecine ; a discussion upon collections of
natural and art objects, and East Indian letters
about rare plants, trees, and other rarities, from
Rumphius, de Jager, ten Rhyne and others, trans-
lated by Valentini. The second volume treats of
stones, earths, fossils animal and vegetable,
strangely shaped plants, animals, birds, serpents,
insects, shell fish, &c., and it contains an account
of several (23) natural history and curiosity collec-
tions. The third part consists of a description
(with drawings) of apparatus for natural philosophy
demonstrations, and concludes with a dissertation
on the divining rod.
Prefixed to the Latin translation is the author's
autobiography in elegiacs. It was reprinted by
Manget, who has given a catalogue of his disserta-
tions and reviews of his works.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 650.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 696
(list of works) ; 1777, ii. p. 766.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 463.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
1778, iv. p. 456.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii.
PP- 455-463-
George Rudolph Boehmer, Systematisch-Liter-
aerisches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, Leipzig,
1785, I. i. pp. 257, 372 (Museum &c., ' Vastum
Opus'), 590, 665; 1786, I. ii. pp. ii, 12, 126
(' Polychresta exotica'); 1786, II. i. p. 83; II. ii.
p. 228; 1787, III. i. pp. 167, 309; III. ii. pp. 117,
3I5. 376; 1788, IV. i. pp. 271, 429 ('Magnesia
alba) ' ; 1789, IV. ii. p. 339 ; 1789, v. pp. 64,
330 (Schwalbach, &c.).
Carl Joseph Bougin£, Handbuch der allgemeinen
Litterargeschichte, 1790, iii. p. 414.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 210,
223-224, 258, 262, 435.
Strieder, Grundlage tu einer Hessischen Gelehrten-
und Schriftsteller-Geschichte, Marburg, 1812, xvi.
(ed. Ludwig Wachler), pp. 261-280.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816, xxx. p. 199.
Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 389 (list of his writings).
Biographic Universelle, 1827, xlvii. p. 305 ; no
date, xlii. p. 452.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
pp. 269, 538, 544, 591.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, ii.
P- 329-
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mede-
cine, 1858, iv. p. 301.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
wi>rft-rbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1166.
Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Me"di-
cales, 5eme SeYie, 1880, ii. p. 351 (article by L.
Hahn).
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte allcr '/.eiten und Vdlker, 1888, vi.
P- 57-
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1894, xv. p. 557.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1895, xxxix.
p. 468 (by Pagel).
David Murray, Museums their History and their
Use, Glasgow, 1904, iii. p. 229.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
477, 478, 496, 500 (note on his life), 525, 540.
496
VALENTINUS— VALLENSIS
VALENTINUS (BASILIUS).
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS.
The ' Triumph-Wagen Antimonii,' of which the
edition of 1624 is given under BASILIUS VALENTINUS
(supra,\o\. i. , p. 78), was reprinted in 1676: Triumph-
Wagen Antimonii, Fratris Basilii Valentini Bene-
dictiner Ordens. Allen, so den Grand derVhralten
Medicin suchen, auch zu der Hermetischen Philo-
sophic Beliebnis tragen, zu gut publiciret, und samt
noch sieben andern gleichmassig hochstnutzlichen
Tractatlein an den Tag gegeben durch Jphann
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 83.
Borel, Bibliotlieca chimica, 1654, p. 223.
Leibnitz, ' Oedipus Chymicus aenigmatis Graeci
& Germanici,' Miscellanea Berolinensia, Berolini,
1710, i. p. 17 (considers the name fictitious and as
designed to express the two- fold virtue of the
' stone,' or of gold, Basilius signifying King, and
Valentinus health).
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit,
1736, p. 565. (' Paracelsus was his pupil"; which is
plainly impossible from their dates, even supposing
Basilius Valentinus had been a real personage. )
Joh. Christoph. My\ms,BibliothecaAnonymorum
et Pseudonymorum detectorum, Hamb. , 1740, 8°,
p. 141, No. xxiix. ; folio, p. 36, No. xxiix. (Bas.
Valentinus a real person according to Wedel ; but
fictitious according to Leibnitz, which is confirmed
by Motschmann's examination of what has come
down about him).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xlvi. col. 273.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic
Tholden Hessum, Niirnberg, In Verlegung Johann
Hoffmanns Buch- und Kunsthandlers, Gedruckt
daselbst von Johann Christoph Lochnern, 1678, 8°,
pp. [16, including the frontispiece of the Triumphal
Chariot] 427 [21], It contains Tancke's preface
without his name, but Tholde's epistle is omitted,
and the verses. The other tracts are the same as
in the 1624 edition. The following references may
be added to those already given :
der Rosenkrcuzer, 1788, iii. p. 154 (Basilius Valen-
tinus at Walkenried).
George Rudolph Boehmer, Systematisch-Liter-
aerisches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1789, iv.
ii. pp. 67 (editions of the ' Currus triumphalis
Antimonii '), 106.
Taschenbuch fiir Alchemisten, . . . Leipzig, 1790,
p. 26 (thinks his works were compiled by Tholde
himself).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 136-
157, 557 J 1798, »• P- 298.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816, xxx. p. 196.
Cap, l&tudes Biographiques, Deuxieme SeYie,
1864, pp. 361-364.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1884, i. p. 322.
Ed. Schubert & Karl Sudhoff, Paracelsus-
Forschungen, 1887, ies Heft, pp. 76-77.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
236, 244 (works written by Tholde), 247, 256 note1
454, 479 (part repetition of p. 244).
VALENTINUS, Magister.
Opus prseclarum quod pro testamento dedit filio suo adoptivo, qui etiam istum
tractatulum propria manu scripsit loanni Apot.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 941.
VALLENSIS (ROBERTUS).
De Veritate et Antiquitate Artis Chemicae et Pulveris sive Medicinae Philo-
sophorum vel Auri Potabilis, ddque illius materia & compositione, eirisque
mira vi in tria rerum genera Animale, Vegetale & Minerale, Testimonia et
Theoremata, Ex variis auctoribus sacris, Theologis, lurisperitis, Medicis,
Philosophis, & Poetis, per Robertum Vallensem selecta. Lugduni
Batavorum, Ex Officina Plantiniana, Apud Franciscum Raphelengium.
C!D. la. xcin.
8°. Pp. 46 [2 blank].
Tabula.
See ARTIS AURIFERJE . . . Volumina, 1610, ii. p. 69.
Tafel.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. p. 91.
See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, ii. p. 123.
De Veritate et antiquitate artis chemicae.
See ARTE (De) Chemica Libri Duo, 1602, p. 3.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 7-
VALLENSIS
497
VALLENSIS (ROBERTUS). Continued.
The tract ' De Veritate . . . Artis chemicae' was
first published at Paris, 'apud Federicum Morellum,
in vico Bellouaco, ad vrbanum Morum,' in a tiny
volume, 16°, sigs. A to F", or 48 leaves in all,
printed in italics. Next came the present edition
of 1593, followed by one : ' Montisbelgardi apud
Jacobum Foillet,' in small 8°, pp. 51 [6] 57, along
with the tract of Joannes Chrysippus Fanianus, in
MDCI., copies of which were afterwards issued with
the date altered to MDCII., as above. Then it was
included in the Theatrum Chemicum of 1602, i.
p. i ; of 1613, i. p. 7, and lastly of 1659. Other
editions are quoted, but I have failed to confirm
their existence, and they seem to me to have arisen
through errors of date and place.
Of the author, Robertus Vallensis Ruglensis,
nothing except the titles of his books is on record.
As his epithet implies, he belonged to Rugles, and
this is confirmed by certain couplets at the end of
his commentary on Hutten. He was born pro-
bably early in the sixteenth century.
The writings which bear his name are the follow-
ing :
Commentarius in Artem Versificatoriam Hulderici
Hutteni. The dedication by Vallensis is to Joannes
Lambertus, rector or head master of the ' Gym-
nasium magistri Gervasii,' at Paris, and is dated:
' Exedib» Geruasiacis quinto idus lanuarias.
Anno redemtionis humane. 1529.'
Graesse quotes an edition of 1530, 8°, ff. 40, and
one of 1537, 8°, pp. 40. There is one of 1535,
' Parisiis, Apud Dionysium Gayngnot,' 8°, sigs.
A to E., or ff. [40], and in the British Museum are
other two : 1551, 4°, pp. 55 ; and 1559, 4°, ff. 28.
In 1531, at Paris, 'in Clauso Brunello, sub
geminarum Cipparum insigni,' appeared a work
entitled : De Corrupti Sermonis Emendatione
Libellus. Whether this was by Vallensis entirely
is not made clear, but to it was added (pp. 272-320)
a ' Brevis Accessio ... a Roberto Vallensi
Ruglensi aedita.'
In 1559 there appeared the first edition of Mori-
enus' 'Libellus ' (g.v.), which is said to have been
edited by Vallensis, presumably on the ground of
his name appearing on the very last page appended
to two Latin couplets. Whether this ascription be
correct or not, there is no doubt that the second
edition, Paris, 1564, 4°, ff. [2] 66 [4], was edited by
him, for he prefixed a preface, and at the publisher's
request added the epistle of Bernhardus Trevisanus
to Thomas de Bononia [ff. 35-66]. The ' Tabula '
above mentioned was first printed in this second
edition of Morienus, and it was reprinted in the Ars
Aurifera, 1572, ii. p. 112; 1593, ii. p. 104; 1610, as
above, as well as in Morgenstern's translation.
He has been credited with the authorship of the
work ' Gloria Mundi,' which was frequently printed.
The reason of assigning it to him seems to be the
presence again of certain Latin couplets similar to
those just mentioned, but there is no sufficient
reason for the ascription.
Lastly he is said to have composed in 1567 a
' Traitd des dispositions ne'cessaires pour mourir
saintement, ' and to have died the same year,
probably at Rugles.
Draudius, Bibliotheca Classica, 1625, p. 899 (De
Veritate . . . Artis Chemica;, 1593, 1600).
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 421.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 200, 225
(ascribes to him 'Gloria Mundi ').
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 945 (the
History and * Gloria Mundi ').
II.
2 I
There is a person of similar name to the pre-
ceding, Robertus de Valle Rothomagensis, that is,
of Rouen, who was the author of two books. One
was an abstract of Pliny's Natural History, Paris,
printed by Felix Baligault for Durand Gerlier, 1500,
small 4°, sigs. a8, b4, c to p in eights, q6. The
other was a vocabulary of the difficult words in
Pliny, small 4°, 2 leaves, sigs. b to m in eights.
It is without date, place, or printer, but, as it is
uniform with the other, and bears Gerlier's device,
it was doubtless printed at the same time by the
same printer.
By most of the authorities this writer is identified
with Vallensis Ruglensis, not only without any
question, but with such decision and authority,
that, in my paper on Vallensis and his history, so
little did it occur to me to doubt it that I observed
that Graesse did not seem to have known that
Robertus de Valle and Robertus Vallensis were the
same. I am now disposed to think that they were
different.
i°. The epithets Rothomagensis and Ruglensis
indicate either different places of birth or of
residence. The former is found only on the two
Pliny books, the latter on all the others. The
identification of the two has led to a difference of
opinion, some writers affirming the author to have
belonged to Rouen, others to Rugles.
2°. The dates of the books cause a difficulty.
Those referring to Pliny were printed in 1500.
Harduinus thinks little of them, but in any case
they represent a minute consideration of the
Natural History, and a real labour in reading
through and abstracting its thirty-seven books.
The vocabulary also implies a special perusal of
the text, and much research in hunting up the
meaning of the unusual words employed. The
author, Robertus de Valle, must have had some
scholarship and experience, and it may be assumed
that he was not less than, say, twenty-five years of
age.
The first book published by Robertus Vallensis
Ruglensis is dated 1530, and is also a book of
scholarship, though less elaborate. If he be a
different person it may be assumed that he too may
have been from twenty to five-and-twenty years of
age, in which case he would be junior to the other
by thirty years or thereby. At intervals he con-
tinued publishing editions of this book, and then
Morienus and his history in 1559, 1561, and 1564,
till 1567, when his death occurred, at which date he
would be about sixty, or a little more.
If on the other hand they be identical, the long
interval has to tie accounted for of thirty years
between the books on Pliny and that on Hutten's
tract. Moreover, if he were, say, twenty-five in
1500, he must have resumed his pen when he was
fifty-five and gone on writing for thirty-seven years,
which would bring him up to the age of ninety-
two, when he wrote his tract on ' Holy Dying.' At
such an age, however, authorship is improbable ;
sufficiently so, at least, to make it a reasonable
supposition that the author of the abstract of Pliny
was not the person who wrote the tract 'De
Veritate et Antiquitate Artis Chemicae.'
Keren Happvch, . . . oder TeutscAes Peg fe tier der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 123 ('a bad writer, who
has written about the antiquity of chemistry with-
out understanding').
Ma.nget,fftMotfoca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731,
II. ii. p. 437.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermitiq ue, 1742, iii. p. 277.
498
VALLENSIS- VALLER1US
VALLENSIS (ROBERTUS). Continued.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xlvi., col. 380
(quotes merely the ' De Veritate ' of 1593).
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 135.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 243
(quotes the abstract of Pliny and the ' Explanatio ').
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
p. 137 (the History).
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
P- 547-
Gmelm, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, p. 297.
Panzer, Annales Typographici, 1800, viii. p. 192,
No. 2518.
Biographic Universelle, 1814, xii. p. 412 ; 1855,
xii. p. 150 (article by Auguis, but not very
accurate).
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors ii.
809 e.
Schmieder, Geschichte der A Ichemie, 1832, p. 278.
Theodore Lebrelon, Biographic Normande, 1857,
i. p. 529-
Edouard Frere, Manuel du Bibliographe Nor-
mand, 1858, i. p. 415.
Nouvelle Biographic Gentrale, 1858, xv. col. 511.
Graesse, Tresor de Livres Rares, 1862, iii. p. 397
(Ulrich ab Hutten's book) ; 1867, VI. ii. p. 251
(the books on Pliny).
Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869,
St. ii. pp. 245, 322.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarofl, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 546, 985.
Ferguson, 'The First History of Chemistry,'
Proceedings of (he Philosophical Society of Glasgow,
1886, vol. xvii. pp. 206-222.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1894, xv. p. 564.
VALLERIUS (NICOLAUS).
Nicolai Vallerii Ostrogotha-Sueci Tentamina Physico-Chymica circa Aqvas
Ther males Aqvisgranenses qvibus adjecta ex Anglico ab eo versa R. B.
Specimina Historise naturalis & experimentalis aqvarum mineralium. Atqve
Joh. Floyeri Inqvisitio in usum & abusum calidorum, frigidorum & tem-
peratorum balneorum. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Cornelium Boutesteyn,
clo ID c xcix.
8°. Pp. [16] 282 [22]. Title red and black.
Vallerius : Tentamina, p. i.
R. B. i.e. Robert Boyle : Specimina qusedam
Hisloriae Naturalis et Experimentalis Aqvarum
Mineralium, p. 58.
An English version, differently arranged, en-
titled : Memoirs for a Natural History of Mineral
Waters, is contained in Boyle's ' Works,' edited by
Peter Shaw, and edition, 1738, iii. p. 495 (q.v.).
Johannes Floyerus : Inqvisitio in verum Vsum &
abusum Calidorum, Frigidorum & Temperatorum
Angliae Balneorum, p. 138.
Another conjoined edition of these tracts, edited
by Joannes Fredericus Helvetius of Amsterdam,
appeared subsequently : Tres elegantes Tractatus
de Aquis Medicalis Nic. Vallerii Rob. Boyle Joh.
Floyeri editi cum Praefatione Joh. Fred. Helvetii,
M.D. Amstelaedamensis. Amstelaedami, apud Sam-
uelem Schoonwald, 1718, 8°, pp. [10] 282, Index
[22]. List of medical and other books for sale [4] ;
Vallerius, p. i ; Boyle, p. 58 ; Floyer, p. 138.
Helvetius, in his preface to the reader, gives a
short abstract of the contents of the three tracts,
and concludes with the remark that the reader will
not regret the time spent in a careful perusal of
them, and adds that his commendation is not
required, seeing that good wine needs no bush ; or,
as he might have said more appropriately, pure
water needs no filter.
Joh. Bapt. de Lamzweerde, Monita Salutaria
de magno Thermarum & Acidularum abusu,
Colonise Agrippinas, 1684, p. 81. (He controverts
someone's views about the efficacy of the waters of
Aachen in certain cases, but his remarks do not
appear to apply either to Vallerius or to Blondel
specially.)
Actorum Erudilorum quce Lipsice publicantur
Supplementa, 1702, iii. pp. 396-401 (review of the
present work, reprinted by Mangel). For a review
of Boyle, see Acta Eruditorum, 1685, p. 587, and
of Floyer, Acta Eruditorum, 1698, p. 524.
Vallerius' treatise on the waters of Aix-la-Chapelle
and Burtscheid is interesting as an example of
chemical analysis and of the use of reagents two
hundred years ago. A review of this work is given
by Mangel.
Prior to Ihis work of Vallerius anolher on the
same subject had been composed by Blondel :
Thermarum Aquisgranensium et Porcelanarum
Elucidalio et Thaumaturgia . . . Opera Francisci
Blondel, Senioris, editio terlia . . . Sumplibus
Authoris, Aquisgrani, Typis Joannis Henrici
Clemens, Urbis Typographi Jurati, 1688 . . .
4°, pp. 24, 160 [10]. ll has an engraved tide, coal
of arms, porlrait, a view of Aachen and of
Burtscheid, and engravings in Ihe text. The first
edition was published at Aix-la-Chapelle, 1671, 12°;
the second : Trajecti ad Mosam, 1685, 12°, and il
was reprinted in a colleclion in 1689, Lugduni
Balavorum, 2 vols. This was a defence of Ihe
inlernal use of the water. Against this use a
treatise was written in reply by Jan. Bapt. van
Lamzweerde, a physician at Cologne, in 1684,
12°. Lamzweerde's book was spoken of with but
small esleem by Carrere, Catalogue . . . des
Ouvrages . . , sur les Eaux Mindrales, 1785, p. 15,
No. 28.
Mangel, Bibliotheca ScriptorumMedicorum, 1731,
II. ii. p. 438.
Carl Giinther Ludovici, Ausfuhrlicher Entwurff
einer vollstandigen Historic der Wolffischen Philo-
sophic, Leipzig, 1737, ii. p. 595 (§689, Nicolaus
Wallerius, a Wolffian).
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, ii. p. 1010.
George Rudolph Boehmer, Systematisch-Liter-
aerisches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1789, v.
pp. 127 ('Tenlamina' L. Bal. 1689, 8°, 1699); 345.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
P- SSL
VALLES— VANDERBEEG
499
VALLES DE COVARRUBIAS (FRANCISCO).
Francisci Vallesii, de iis, quae scripta sunt Physice in libris sacris, siue de
sacra Philosophia, Liber Singularis. Ad Philippum Secundum Hispaniarum,
& Indiarum Regem potentissimum. Cum Privilegio. Augustae Taurinorum,
Apud Haeredem Nicolai Beuilaquae, MDLXXXVII. Ex Sacrosanctse
Inquisitionis permissu.
Folio. Pp. [4] 656. Index [12].
Francisco Valles was born at Covarrubias in old
Castille, in the sixteenth century. He studied at
Alcala de Henares, and ultimately came to l>e
premier professor of medicine there. King Philip
II. called him to the Court and made him his
private physician, and raised him to the position of
chief physician, the highest distinction of the time.
His countrymen speak of him in the warmest terms :
Boerhaave puts him in the first rank of the ex-
pounders of Galen, both for his knowledge of
Greek and of ancient authors, and he has been
praised for his great sagacity and success in
practice.
He died in an Augustine Monastery near Burgos
in 1592.
He wrote numerous works on Hippocrates,
Galen, and Aristotle, one De Urinis, pulsibus et
Petrus Castellanus, Vita Illustrium Medicorum,
Antverpize, 1617, p. 206.
Van der Linden, De Scriplis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 158.
Joh. Crato a Kraftheim, Consiliorum et Episto-
larum Medicinalium Libri Septem, ed. Laurentius
Scholzius, Francof., 1671, Lib. i. p. 200.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 302.
Conring, In universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, pp. 6 (Int. c. i, § 7), no (Int. c.
3, § 36), 214 (Int. c. 6, § 2, n), 233 (Int. c. 7, § 2).
Freher, Theatrum Virorum eruditione clarorum ,
1688, p. 1230.
Barchusen, De Medicines origine et progressu,
1723, Dissert, vi. § 4, p. 84.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 433.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 149 (his life), 557, 692, 694
(Commentaries on Galen), 706, 886.
N. H. Gundling, Historie der Gelahrheit, 1734,
ii. pp. 2950-51, 3018; 1735, iii. p. 3965.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740,
p. 877.
Boerhaave, Methodus Sludii Medici, ed. Haller,
175I. PP- 576. 579- 580- 5^9 (learned interpreter of
Galen), 674, 680, 687, 856 (called ' anima Galeni'),
1077 (all these refer to medical writings).
Eloy, Diclionnaire Hislorique de la Mldecine,
1755, "• P- 432 I 1778- iv- p. 459-
Portal, Histoire de FAnatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, i. p. 540.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 342.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 213.
febribus, Compluti, 1569, 8° ; Tratado de las aguas
destiladas, Madrid, 1592, 8°.
Franciscus Valesius, says Boerhaave (p. 589),
inter doctissimos Galeni interpretes fuit. Sed ea
laus et una nomen Valesii dudum evanuit.
The present book is a commentary on all pas-
sages in the sacred writings referring to natural
history and science in every department. Numer-
ous editions are quoted by Haller and others : the
present one of Turin, 1587 ; and the following :
Taurin., 1589; Francof., 1590,8°; 1608, 8°; 1667,
8°; Lugd., 1588, 8°; 1592,8°; 1595,8°; 1600, 4 ;
1617, 8° ; 1622, 8° ; 1652, 8°. I have not seen any
of these editions except the first, but, it is said, that
printed along with most of them are the tract of
Lemnius, De plantis Sacris (q.v.) and that of
Rueus, De Gemmis (q.v.).
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1776 i.
PP- 33. 37- Si, 77, 240 ; 1777, ii. p. 123.
Nicolas Antonio, Bibliotheca Hispana Nova, 1783,
i. p. 491-
George Rudolph Boehmer, Systematisch-Liter-
aerisches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1785, I. i.
p. 344 (the present work) ; 1786, I. Ii. pp. 41
(commentaries on Galen) ; 395 (commentaries on
Hippocrates).
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 392.
Biographie Universelle, 1827, xlvii. p. 368 ; no
date, xlii. p. 497.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii.
pp. 14, 164, 196.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historiqite de la Mlde-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 304.
Morejon, Historia Bibliogrdfica de la Medicina
Espanola, 1843, iii. pp. 57-83. (This is the fullest
account.)
Lettres de Gut Patin, . . . par J.-H. Reveilte-
Parise, 1846, ii. pp. 560, 561.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mldicale, 1855, i.
p. 380.
Nouvelle Biographie Generale, 1866, xlv. col. 888.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 16,
137-
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, seme Serie, 1886, ii. p. 378 (article by L.
Hahn).
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aertte alter Zeiten und Vblker, 1888, vi. p. 61.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1894, xv. p. 564.
VANDERBEEG (I. C VON).
I. C. von Vanderbeeg, eines in der wahren Chymie hocherfahrnen und
beriihmten Adepti, Manuductio Hermetico-Philosophica, oder Richtige
Handleitung zu der wahren philosophischen Medicin, wodurch des
Theophrasti Paracelsi hieroglyphische und oenigmatische oder verborgene
SOD
VANDERBEEG— VARCH1
VANDERBEEG (I. C. VON). Continued.
Redens-Arten, in seinen durch den Druck publicirten Schrifften, nicht allein
griindlich eroffnet, sondern auch das wahre Subiectum hermetico-philo-
sophicum angezeiget, wie nicht weniger den Mercurium vulgi in primum
suum esse, als ein Crystallen-klares Wasser (ohne welches in der hermetischen
Scientz nichts auszurichten ist,) zu liefern. Nebst einem Anhange : Die
flecketen Diamanten rein, und aus kleinen grossere Jubelen und Perlen
zu machen, wie auch die reellesten Medicinen zu bereiten ; geoffenbaret
werden. Andere Auflage. Vermehrt mit dem Tractatlein : Sol sine veste.
Hof, verlegt von Gotthard Johann Piittner.
Sol sine Veste. Oder Dreyfsig Experimenta dem Golde seinen Purpur auszu-
ziehen, welches Theils die Destructionem auri vorstellet, mit angehangtem Unterricht,
den schon langst verlangten Rubin-Flufs oder Rothe Glafs in hochster Perfection zu
bereiten, ans Licht gegeben aus eigener Erfahrung Von J. C. O. Anno 1739.
4°. Pp. [4] 24 [4] 312. Index [5]. Errata [i]. Leaf i is a symbolical engraving
in which Saturn is represented lying at the foot of an apple tree covered with fruit. In
front of him is a figure of the Sun, behind him are Diana, Mars, Venus and Jupiter,
while Mercury is represented as descending from the clouds above the tree, his left foot
being attached to Saturn by a cord. These mythological figures of course denote the
metals. Has this the same significance as the emblem of the flying eagle chained to
the toad, which is assigned to Avicennae by Michael Maier (Symbola AurecB Menses,
1617, p. 192 (q.v. ) ? The first 24 pages are occupied with Orschall's tract ; the remainder
of the volume is Vanderbeeg's.
The name of this writer appears under the form
of J. C. van der Beeg in the second part of Fictuld's
Probier-Stein, 1753, p. 40, and there his book is
condemned as an arch-sophistical compilation and
deception, which can convey no instruction.
Fictuld does not know who the author is, and be is
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xlvi. col. 511
(calls the author A. C. Vanderbeeg, and merely
quotes the title of the present book, but styles it :
Manuductio hermeneutico-philosopbica . . .).
VANGHAN (HENRY).
See PHILALETHA (EIREN^EUS).
VANGHAN (THOMAS).
See PHILALETHA (EIRENJEUS).
VANNUS.
See CHYMICA VANNUS.
not mentioned by any of the usual authorities. In
spite of Fictuld's sweeping condemnation, the book
is interesting from the curious descriptions it gives
of operations and preparations for use in chemistry
and pharmacy.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 40.
SudbofF, Bibliographic. Paracelsica, 1894, p. 649.
VARCHI (BENEDETTO).
Questione sull' Alchimia di Benedetto Varchi codice inedito
Stamperia Magheri 1827
8°. Pp. xxviii. 68.
Firenze Nella
Edited from a MS. by Domenico Moreni. The
question is as to the truth or falsity of alchemy,
which he calls Archemia, as it was the custom
sometimes to do. He considers that the arguments
against it are weak, but still he does not seem con-
vinced that the fact of transmutation is substanti-
ated. It shows, however, the general interest felt
at that time in the subject that a person of Varchi's
tastes should have discussed it at all.
Varchi (1502-1563) was a poet, orator and his-
torian, and one of the greatest masters of the
Italian language. In fact the present work was
printed rather for its Italian, than for its argu-
ments. He wrote many works, one of the most
important being his history of Florence.
See his life by Silvanus Razzi along with Varchi's
Lezzioni, and Storia Florentina, and by Bottari in
Varchi's L'Ercolano, Florence, 1730. A portrait of
Varchi from a medal is contained in the Museum
Mazzuchellia num.
VARCHI—VATER
501
VARCHI (BENEDETTO). Continued.
Jo. Matthaeus Toscanus, Pep/us Italia, 1578,
p. 100, No. clxvi.
Silvano Razzi, ' Vita di M. Benedetto Varchi,'
prefixed to Lezzioni di M. Benedetto Varchi . . .
sopra diuerse Materie, poetiche, efilosofiche . . . , in
Fiorenza, MDXC. Sig. t.
Ghilini, Teatro cTHuomini letterati, Venetia,
1647, p. 30 (a fulsome laudation of his style, but
nothing about his life).
Crasso, Elogii d'Huomini letterati, Venetia,
1666, i. pp. 30-34 (with a portrait).
Lipemus, Bibliotheca realis philosophica, 1682,
i. p. 485 a.
L. G. Gyraldus, ' De Poetis suorum temporum,
Dialogus II.' Opera Omnia, Lugd. Bat., 1696, ii.
col. 571.
Teissier, Les Eloges des Hommes Savans, 1715,
ii. p. 243.
Baillet, Jugemens des Savans, 1722, iii. p. 195,
No. 1022 ; iv. p. 419, No. 1309 (a mere note on the
merits of his prose and poetry).
J. G. Graevius, Thesaurus Antiquilatum et
Historiarum Italiae, Lugd. Bat., 1723, VIII. i.
Petri Burmanni Praefatio, p. (8). (Commendation
of Varchi and his history of Florence. )
Papadopolus, Historia Gymnasii Patavini, 1726,
ii. pp. 215-217, No. xcvi.
J. A. Fabricius, Conspectus Thesauri Litterarii
Italics, Hamburgi, 1730, pp. in (wars of the Flor-
entines and other works ; died 1566), 497 (Toscanus'
epigram about him).
Varchi, LErcolano, in Firenze, 1730, pp. vii-1
(prefixed is Bottari's Prefazione,' which contains a
short biography, a list of his works, and a notice of
this dialogue).
Neuer Zeitungen von Gelehrten Sachen des Jahrs
MDCCXXXI Erster Theil, Leipzig, p. 363
(notice of Giov. Bottari's edition of L'Ercolano ').
Niceron, Mtmoires, 1736, xxxvi. p. 361.
Alfonsus Ciaconius (Chacon), Bibliotheca Libras
et Scriptores ftrme cunctos ab initio Mundi ad
Annum MDLXXXIII. ordine Alphabetico com-
plectens . . . cum Observationibus Francisci Dionysii
Camusati, . . . accesserunt nunc ejusdem de Ger-
manis quibusdam, . . . judicia, . . . Opera Joannis
Erhardi Kappii . . ., Amstelodami et Lipsise,
1744, col. 386 (list of Varchi's works) ; col. 908.
(Camusat's note on Varchi. He makes a true
remark, when referring to ' Papadopolum, Crassum,
Ghilinum.caeterosque minorum gentium litteratores,
qui cum putida in virum doctum cumularunt elogia,
historiam rei litterarice illustrasse sibi videntur.')
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xlvi. cols. 554-
556.
Vogt, Catalog us librorum rariorum, 1747, p. 700.
Freytag, Analecta litteraria, 1750, pp. 1032-3.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1444.
Museum Mazzuchellianum, 1761, T. i. p. 342
and Tab. Ixxiv. Nos. iii. and iv.
J. B. L. Osmont, Dictionnaire typographique,
1768, ii. pp. 304-6. (List of his works.)
Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italian a,
1812, vii. pp. 913, 1330, 1566.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816, xxx. p. 249.
Biographie Universelle, 1827, xlvii. p. 488 ; no
date, xlii. p. 621.
Libri, Histoire des Sciences Mathimatiques en
Italie, 1840, iii. p. 199 ('in this work, he showed
himself an excellent observer, and contested the
authority of Aristotle ; and in it there is reference
to the fall of heavy bodies. ')
Nouvelle Biographie Ge"nirale, 1866, xlv. coL
945 (list of his works, and references).
VARIA PHILOSOPHICA.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus Tractatus iii. 1598, p. 193.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi
P- 338.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 307.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 338.
VATER (CHRISTIAN).
Chymische Abhandlung worinne die verschiedene Bereitung der Spiefsglafs-
Tinktur und die davon abhangende Eigenschaft und Wirkung untersucht,
auch zugleich die Vortreflichkeit und Tugend der von dem seel. Doctor
Vater in Wittenberg erfundenen Tinktur erklaret wird, den Wunsch eines
beriihmten Medici zu erfullen, aufs neue heraus gegeben, und mit niitzlichen
Anmerckungen vermehret. Jena bey Christian Henrich Cuno 1768.
8°. Pp. 51 (sic for 71) [i blank].
[Another Copy.]
Vater was prases and Samuel Gottlob Wenzel
was respondens for this thesis.
Vater, who was born at Jiiterbock, between Berlin
and Wittenberg, 16 Nov., 1651, went to school at
Torgau in 1670, to the Gymnasium Augusteum at
Weissenfels in 1672, and in 1674 to the University
of Wittenberg, where, after taking his degree in
Arts in 1675, he graduated M.D. in 1681. In
1686 he was appointed electoral ' Physicus ' for
the province, then in 1690 Professor of Anatomy
502 VATER—VATERHERZ
VATER (CHRISTIAN). Continued.
and Botany, and subsequently of Pathology at 1683 and 1730, and was Kunckel's favourite pupil.
Wittenberg. In 1709 he became councillor and In Nov., 1731, he celebrated his 'Jubilfeum
physician of the Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, and in Matrimoniale' or golden wedding, and died 6 Oct.,
1722 was created Hofrath. He was received into 1732, in his 8ist year.
the Academia Naturae Curiosorum, 4 April, 1690, Care must be taken not to confuse him with his
with the name Nicomachus. He was the author son, Dr. Abraham Vater, professor of medicine at
of a great number of medical dissertations between Wittenberg.
Mangel, Blbliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 716
1731, ii. p. 461. (list of his papers).
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Me'decine,
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 304, 375 (notice of him), 510 1778, iv. p. 482.
(his Physiologia), 560, 578, 749, 876. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, Hi.
Neuer Zeitungen von Gelehrten Sachen des Jahrs p. 609.
MDCCXXXII Anderer Theil, Leipzig, 1732, pp. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p.
896-898. (This is the fullest account of Vater. ) 370.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, BiographieMldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-25),
^S1. i- PP- 332. 4°!. 482, 54o; ii. pp. 651, 684, vii. pp. 403-5.
755, 808 (all refer to medical writings). Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv. ivorterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1180.
col. 1467. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi-
Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum cales, seme SeYie, 1886, ii. p. 628.
Historia, 1755, p. 477, No. 173. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 59.
Portal, Histoire de VAnatomie et de la Chirurgie, Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
1770, iv. p. 91 ; v. p. 643. den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1888, vi.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 51. p. 73.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 494 ; Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1894, xv. p. 608.
1775, "• P- 6n. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1895, xxxix.
p. 503 (article by Pagel).
VATERHERZ.
Das Eroffnete Philosophische Vatter-Hertz, an seinen Sohn, welches er, wegen
hohen Alters, nicht langer wolte vor ihm verschlossen halten ; sondern
zeigete und erklarte demselben alle das, was zu der volligen Composition
und Bereitung des Steins der Weisen vonnothen war. Sonst in Frantzosischer,
nun aber in Teutscher Sprache publicirt durch Benjamin Roth-Scholtzen,
Phil. & Med. Doctor. Niirnberg, Bey Johann Daniel Taubers seel. Erben,
An. 1717.
8°. Pp. [2] 153-231, [17, advertisements]. Title red and black. An extract from
Rothscholtz's Edition of Ripley's Works, 1717.
Erofnetes Philosophisches Vater-Herz, so bey heutiger Ausbreitnng (j/V)(nach Theo-
phrastischer Aussag) des Sternfluchtigen Blumengeruchs der hohen Gottlichen
Gnaden-Gab der Universal-Medicin nicht langer hat kbnnen verschlossen
bleiben. Zu Gottlicher Werk-Wahrheit Befb'rderung, der Unwahrheit Be-
schamung, und der natiirlichen Geheimniissen Liebhabern niitzlichen Nachricht,
aus fremder Sprach iibersetzt und ans Licht gebracht, durch einen Liebhaber
der Warheit.
Ps. 65. Gottes Briinlein hat Wasser die Fiille.
Franckfurt am Mayn, bey Johann Friedrich Fleischer, 1750.
8°, pp. 80. The preface is followed by the letters I.I.H.M.D.
Das Erofnete Philosophische Vaterherz.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 56.
See RIPLEY (GEORGE), Chymische Schrifften, 1756, p. 153.
VA TERHERZ— VEGIUS
503
VATERHERZ. Continued.
The edition quoted in the Beytrag is of Stras-
burg, 1676, 8°. That given by Kopp is dated
Frankfurt a. M. , 1742, and the title page is the
same as that above. On account of its professing
to be a translation and a new book, Kopp is unable
to say whether it is identical with that of 1676, or
with another of similar title edited by Benjamin
Roth-Scholtz and printed at Niirnberg, 1717. Upon
this last point there need be no question, for com-
parison of the present edition with that printed by
Roth-Scholtz in his edition of Ripley's Works,
mentioned below, shows that they are identical
except in the form of the title. I have little doubt
that they are all merely reprints of the edition of
1676.
On the assumption that the works are identical,
it is instructive to read the different opinions that
have been passed upon it. In the Fegfeuer it is
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 38, No. liix.
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 124.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 159.
put under " Ertz-Liigen," and the remark is made
that though it seems reasonable, the author has
never put his hand to the work. Fictuld on the
other hand gives it the most exaggerated praise.
None of the writers seem to know about the
author, but Fictuld thinks that it is by the same
person as wrote the " Ritter-Krieg."
In the Beytrag it is said : ' This tract has many
advantages over other books on gold-making, and
deserves to be carefully read and pondered. Only
one thing is to be found fault with, the description
of the " virgin earth," which rests only — on sweet
dreams. '
Though Benjamin Roth-Scholtz is said to be the
editor of the above extract from Ripley's Works,
the actual editor was Friederich Roth-Scholtz, who,
as he himself says, assumed his brother's name for
certain reasons. See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (Benjamin).
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 627.
Ladrague, Bibllolheq ue Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 1264-5, 1472.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 395-6.
VAUGHAN (HENRY).
See PHILALETHES (EUGENIUS).
VAUGHAN (THOMAS).
See PHILALETHES (EUGENIUS).
Abyssus Alchemiae Explorata.
See PHILALETHA
Thomas Vaughan, the younger twin brother of
Henry Vaughan, was born at Newton in Brec-
knockshire, 17 April, 1622. On 14 Dec., he
matriculated at Oxford, and entered Jesus College ;
in 1640, when he was only eighteen, he received the
living of St. Bridget's, Brecknocks., and on 18 Feb.,
1642, took the B.A. degree. He was a royalist,
charges were brought against him, and he was
Witte, Diarium Biographicum , 1688, 27 Feb.,
1665, sig. Uuu 2 recto.
Wood, Athena Oxonienses, 1721, ii. col. 368;
Fasti ii. col. i ; ed. Bliss, 1817, iii. col. 722 ; 1820,
iv. col. 425 ; Fasti, 1820, ii. col. 3.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, xlvi. col. 796
(from Wood and Witte, and gives a list of his
works).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrlen-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1473.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mfdecine,
1778, iv. p. 485 (calls him correctly Eugenius
Philalethes, and makes no reference to Eirenaeus
Philaletha, or the works which pass under that
name).
Archivfiir Freimdurer und Rosenkreuzer, 1783,
'• P- 353-
deprived of his living about 1658. Thereafter he
studied medicine and chemistry at Oxford and at
London under the protection of Sir Robert Murray.
He died 27 Feb., 1665-66, from inhaling mercury
fumes, as is reported by Wood.
Under PHILALETHES (Eugenius) reference has
been made to his writings, and to authorities
about him.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
P- 53°-
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. n-
13, 18.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816, xxx. p. 267.
BiographieMifdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-25),
vii. p. 405 (confuses him with Philaletha).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 390.
Figuier, L ' Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, pp.
276-286 (identified with Philaletha).
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi-
cales, 5eme Se'rie, 1886, ii. p. 630 (a mere note).
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 200.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1888, vi. p. 74
(follows the account in the Biographie Midicale,
which is not accurate).
VEGIUS (MAPHEUS).
Maphei Vegij sua etate || oratoru principis : inter inferiora cor- 1| pora, scilicet
Terram. Aurum, et supe || riora, presertim Solem elegantissima || simul et
iocundissima disputatio. ||
5°4
VEGIUS
VEGIUS (MAPHEUS). Continued.
Venudatur Parrhisijs In Sole || Aureo vici sancti Jacob! Per ma || gistrum
Bertholdum Rembolt. ||
Colophon: — Parisius (sic) per magistrum Berthol- 1| dum Rembolt, et lohanem
water- 1| Iocs In Sole Aureo Vici sancti Iaco-||bi Anno domini millesimo quinge-||
tesimovndecimo. Die vero quinde- 1| cima mensis Decerabris. ||
4°. Ff. xvi. Vignette of Rembolt's device.
Vegius was born at Lodi in 1407. He studied
grammar and rhetoric in Milan, and devoted
himself with such care to Humanity, and especially
to rhetoric and poetry, that he surpassed all the
poets of his time, and even Scaliger (the elder) has
something to say for him. They were not con-
temporaries. Vegius next went to Pavia to study
civil and common law, but had to leave on account
of an outbreak of the plague. He returned home
and renewed his literary pursuits, writing Latin
poems and epigrams. He was on terms of intimate
familiarity with Antonius Panormitanus and ^Eneas
Silvius Piccolomini, who became Pius II. There-
after he went to Rome and made friends with
Pope Martin V., and was appointed 'Scribarum
Magister,' which office was discharged by him with
such attention that he was soon appointed, notwith-
standing his youth, to that of ' Datarius ' (Registrar
and dater of Bulls) and finally to be Canon of St.
Paulus lovius, Elogia Doctorum Virorum . . . in-
genii monumentis illustrium, Antverp. , 1557, p. 236.
Paolo Giovio, Le Inscrittioni paste sotto le vere
Imagini de gli Huomini famosi inLettere, Venetia,
1558, p. 226.
Paulus lovius, Elogia Virorum literis illustrium,
1577, p. 127.
Jo. Matth. Toscanus, Peplus Italia, 1578, lib. I.
n. viii., p. 7.
Gesner, Bibliotkeca, ed. Simler, 1583, p. 466.
Possevinus, Apparatus Sacer, 1608, ii. p. 53.
Sixtus Senensis, Bibliotheca Sancta, 1610, lib.
iv. p. 273.
Girolamo Ghilini, Teatro d' Huomini Letterati,
Venetia, 1647, ii. pp. 188-189.
Vossius, De Veterum Poetarum Temporibus libri
duo, 1654, De Poetis Latinis, cap. vii. p. 78.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis philosophica, 1682, i.
pp. 422 b, 507 a.
Borrichius, Dissertationes Academics de Poetis,
Francof., 1683, p. 107 (praise of the i3th book of
the ^Eneid).
L. G. Giraldus, ' De Poetis Suorum Temporum, '
Dialogus I., Opera Omnia, Lugd. Bat., 1696, ii.
col. 530.
L. Ellies Dupin, A New Ecclesiastical History,
1699, xiii. p. 85.
L. Ellies Dupin, Nouvelle Bibliotheque des
Auteurs Ecclesiastiques, 1700, xii. p. 95.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina, 1712, Lib. I. c. xii.
§ iv. p. 206 (i3th book of the ^Eneid).
Acta Sanctorum Junii . . . illustrata a Conrado
Janningo . . . Tomus VII. seu Pars II. Supple-
menti addendorum . . . in primis V. Tomis de
Actis Sanctorum ejusdem Mensis, Antverpiae, 1717,
pp. 57-61 ('Praefatio editoris [Janningijde Auctore
[Maphaeo Vegio] ejusque gestis ac scriptis aliis') ;
61-85 ('M. Vegii Historia Basilicas Antiquae S.
Petri Apostoli in Vaticano'). (This is the fullest
account of him I have seen).
Adrien Baillet, Jugemens des Savans, Paris, 1722,
iv. p. 285 (his merits as a poet ; quotes this Dis-
putatio inter Solem, Terrain, & Aurum, in 4°).
Oudin, Commentarius de Scriptoribus Ecclesice
Antlquis, 1722, iii. col. 2543.
Peter's. A pretty rich bishopric which was offered
to him, he refused, on the ground of his not feeling
fitted to fulfil its duties. Popes Eugenius IV. and
Nicolas V. confirmed him in his office of Datarius.
He was devoted to St. Augustine and his mother
St. Monica, whose bones he transferred from Ostia
to Rome, to rest in a beautiful tomb he had erected
in a chapel of the church of St. Augustine.
He died at Rome, in 1457, as Janningus says
after Trithemius, in 1459 according to Ghilini, who
adds in his 5151 year, and was buried in his chapel
in St. Augustine's.
Several of his works, which are entirely of literary
interest, were printed in the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries, and they were collected and published by
A. Schottus, in La Bigne's Magna Bibliotheca
Veterum Patrum, 1622, torn. xv. Lists of his
works are given both by Ghilini and Janningus.
Conring, De Scriptoribus xvi. post Christum
natum seculorum Commentarius, Wratislaviae,
1727, p. 142.
Bayle, Dictionaire, 1730, iv. p. 427.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallic<e,
1732, p. 146.
N. H. Gundling, Historie der Gelahrheit, 1734,
ii. p. 2095.
Niceron, Mtmoires, 1734, xxvi. pp. 83-93.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina medics et infimae
sEtatis, 1736, v. pp. 41-44, and Mansi, pp. 14-16 ;
Florentiae, 1868, v. pp. 15-16.
Cave, Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Historia
Literaria, Appendix . . . Henrici Wharton, 1743,
ii. p. 162.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1745, x'v'- c°l« 952-
Vogt, Catalogus . . . libroritm rariorum, 1747,
P- 70S-
Freytag, Analecta litteraria, 1750, p. 1041.
Joh. Mich. Francke, Catalogus Bibliothecae
Bunavianae, Lipsiae, 1751, I. ii. p. 1670 (reference
to Niceron, and Janningus).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1494.
Freytag, Adparatus litterarius, 1752, ii. p. 1239
(his ' Philalethes ').
Heumannus, Conspectus Reipublicaeliterariae sive
Via ad Historiam literariam, 1763, c. iv. § xlvii.
p. 147.
Saxius, Onomasiicon literarium, 1777, ii. p. 426.
Carl Joseph Bougin6, Handbuch der allgemeinen
Litterargeschichte, Zurich, 1789, i. p. 574.
Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura lialiana,
1809, vi. p. 893.
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1816, xxx. p. 279.
Biographie Universelle, 1820, xxvi. p. 106 ; no
date, xxvi. p. 21 (article by Weiss).
Nouvelle Biographie Generale, 1863, xxxii. col.
659-
Acta Sanctorum, Paris. & Romas, 1866, Maii v.
May 21, Life of S. Barnardinus Senensis, by Vegius,
p. 127* c, D, (reference to himself as a pupil) ;
1867, Aug. i. p. 186* § i i2i ('poeta Laudensis non
ignobilis').
VEILLUTIL—VER& 5°5
VEILLUTIL.
See L'AGNEAU (DAVID), 1636.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 226 (calls Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
him Velutil). Secretes, 1870, No. 1241.
VELLUS Aureum, Das giildene Fliifs.
i
See MflGLIN (JOHANN LUDWIG).
See SIEBMACHER (JOHANN AMBROSIUS).
See also AUREUM VELLUS.
Maier, Symbola Aurea Mknsa, 1617, p. 35. (legend of the Golden Fleece said to refer to gold
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 226. making).
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, Zedler, Universal lexicon, 1732, ii. col. 2214 ;
1697, p. 27, No. xxxix. (Rorschach edition of 1744, xxxix. col. 1547.
1599 — 'scatet nugis, & imposturis '). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p.
Goelicke, Historia Medicines Universalis, 1718, 253 (Trissmosinus* ' Vellus Aureum').
ii. pp. 208-209 (whether it refers to alchemy or not). Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 242 ; ii. pp. 214.
Conring, De Scriptoribus xvt. post Christum 380.
natum seculorum Commentarius, 1727, p. 30 Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p.
260.
VENEZIA.
See COD1CE FARMACEUT1CO, 1790.
VENTURA (LAURENTIUS).
De ratione conficiendi Lapidis philosophic! Liber.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 215.
De Lapide Philosophorum.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 268.
De Lapide benedicto Philosophorum.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Rosarii Novi Olympici et benedicti Pars Altera,
1608.
The first edition of Ventura's work was published of this book have been already given under HOR-
at Basel, 1571, 8°. The full title and description TULANUS, in vol. i. p. 420, col. a.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1707, i. p. af8.
1637, p. 329. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 293.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 227. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 131 ;
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1869, ii. p. 126.
1731. II. ii. p. 484.
VENUS.
Die mit dem Marte genau-vereinigte Venus.
See TRACTATUS Physico-Chymicus, 1706.
Alchemiae Artisque Metallicae, citra Aenigmata, Doctrina, 1561.
See GRATAROLO (GUGLIELMO).
506 VERA — VERKLAR TE
VERA praeparatio Mercurii.
See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, 1598, Tractatus iii. p. 205.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi,
p. 360.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 315.
See [SCHATZ und Kunst-kammer], p. 360.
VERADIANUS.
See RACHAIDIBI.
VERBUM abbreviatum Fratris Raymundi de leone viridi.
See BACON (ROGER), De Arte Chymiae Scripta, 1603, p. 264.
This is not to be confounded with another tract Vincentius Bellovacensis. For Vincentius' know-
of the same name, mentioned by Nazari : Verbum ledge of the art reference may be made to Maier
abbreuiatum, seu summula extracta ex libro speculi, and Hoefer.
which seems to be an extract from the work of
Nazari, De Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tret Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 379 ;
1599, p. 144. 1866, i. p. 402.
Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, pp. 332-
333-
VERBUM DIMISSUM.
Tractatus II. Anonymi Verbum Dimissum. [Treiilich in das Teutsche
versetzet. Niirnberg In Verlegung Johann Andreas und Wolffgang Endters
des Jiingern seel. Erben. Anno M.DC.LXXIV.]
8°. Pp. 97-136. Title partly in MS.
This is a fragment taken from a copy of the Tcsda Trifida Chimica.
See TjEDA Trifida Chimica, 1674, p. 97.
Though the author is said to be anonymous, the de Bernard, Comte de la Marche Trevisane," q.v.
book is a translation of " La parole delaisse'e Trait^
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 258. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 38, No. liix.
VERITAS Hermetica.
See NAXAGORAS (EHRD DE).
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 209, 211.
VERKLARTE (Der) Freymaurer. Eine Schrift, worinn ihre hieroglyphische
Zeichen, Worte, Werke, wie sie sollen verstanden, und so weit es thunlich ist,
ausgedeutet werden. Gedruckt in Jahre 1791.
8°. Pp. [16] TOO. Frontispiece.
This is by the author of Theosophia Physico-Chimica, 1791. According to Kloss it was
published at Vienna, by Pazowski.
Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei, 1844, p. 526.
VERNUNFTIGE—VERWANDLUNG 507
VERNUNFTIGE Erklarung der Smaragdenen Tafel des Hermes als eine Folge
des Vorbereitungstheiles zu dem dritten Stiicke der hohern Weltweisheit
und iibrigen Schriften der allgemeinen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften von
einem Liebhaber natiirlicher Wahrheiten. Im Jahr 1760.
8°. Pp. [8] 64.
P. 5. Die Smaragdene Tafel. P. 22. Extract from and summary of the book
P. 18. Rythmi de opere universal! ex coelo sale- Gloria Mundi.
que prodeunte, reprinted from Orthelius' Commen-
tarius on Sendivogius' Lumen Chymicum.
VERNUNFFTIGES THIER.
[Von dem vernunfftigen Thier.]
8°. Pp. 52-59.
A fragment from Vier chymlsche Tractatlein, 1677.
See VIER chymische Tractatlein, 1677, p. 52.
VERSUCH iiber die allgemeine Verwandschaft der drey Naturreiche.
See DREY kleine Schriften, 1778, p. 19.
VERSUCH diejenigen welche den Stein der Weisheit zu erfinden trachten
durch Ausspriiche Hermetischer Schriftsteller von Irrwegen abzuleiten.
Frankfurt und Leipzig, 1759.
8°. Pp. 136.
Zweytes Stuck. 1759.
8°. Pp. 207 [i].
[Another Copy of the first part.]
VERSUCHE.
See M. (D.), Erstes Tausend neuer Chymischer Versuche, 1768.
VERTRAULICHES Send-Schreiben occasione der bisherigen Pieces Volants
die Alchimie betreffend, unter den Nahmen : i. Adeptus Realis. 2. Der
entlarvte Adeptus realis, und 3. Der verlarvte Rufs-Cramer ediret, von einer
un-interessirten Person an einen gleichfalls dieser Comcedie zuschauenden
Liebhaber der wahren und genuinen Philosophic abgelassen. Leipzig,
zu finden in Groschuffs Buchladen. 1716.
8°. Pp. [16].
Nothing is said about the author. The tract is directed against Valentinus Krautermann, who,
however, is not named.
VERWANDLUNG der Metallen.
See PHILALETHES.
5o8 VETUS—VIER
VETUS Epistola doctissima de Metallorum materia, et artis imitatione.
See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 263.
VIA UNIVERSALIS, wie sowohl im trocknen Wege, als auch im nassen Wege,
die grofse Mineral-Tinctur zu erlangen.
See THEORETISCH und praktischer Wegweiser zur hohern Chemie, 1773, P- 67.
Nazari quotes a tract : Via universalis artis, but whether or not it has anything to do with the present
one, I am unable to say.
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni ire, 1599, p. 144.
VIA VERITATIS.
See WASSERSTEIN der Weisen, 1619, p. 231 ; 1704, p. 175 ; 1743, p. 165.
See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 1 8 1.
See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1787, ii. p. 365.
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS.
For alchemical works entitled 'Via,' see Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 383.
VICTORINUS (CHRISTOPHORUS).
See PANTALEON, 1677.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 15.
VICTRIX FORTUNE SAPIENTIA.
See CREILING (JOHANN CONRAD).
VIENNA.
See DISPENSATORIUM, 1729.
VIER aufserlesene Teutsche Chemische Biichlein.
I. Von den wesentlichen Anfangen der Natur, und dero Nachfolgerin,
der wahren Chemise, incerti autoris.
II. Von dem philosophischen Wasser, incerti authoris.
III. Elucidarius Christophori Parisiensis, mit einer weit besseren version,
als er hiebevor ausgangen.
IV. Alte Teutsche Reimen von der Philosophischen materi, und deren
Bereitung.
Hamburg, In Verlegung Gottfried Liebezeits, Im Jahr Christi 1697.
8°. Pp. [8] 248.
The fourth part contains four poems : III. Tractatulus rhytmicus vom Stein der Wei-
I. Alchymia vera lapidis philosophorum, with sen, p. 234.
a Protestatio autoris, p. 212. IV. Begins : Philosophia die edle Kunst, p. 244.
II. Eine feine Beschreibung der philosophischen
Materie und ihrer Bereitung, p. 228.
An edition of this book was published at Cassel, were reprinted in 1772, at Frankfurt : Vier unter-
1649, small 8°, pp. [14] 304. The poetical tracts schiedene Chymische Tractatlein (q.v.).
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 30 (a \j&dcc&g\\&,BiblioihequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
typical Fictuldian criticism of the first tract). 1870, No. 615.
VIER 509
VI ER Chymische Tractatlein.
I. Lucens Lux in tenebris Das ist : Das hellscheinende Licht in
Finsternis.
II. De Vitriolo & ejus oleo secretissimo Das ist Von dem Vitriol,
und seinem geheimesten Oehle.
III. De Animali Rational! Vom Verntinfftigen Thiere, und seiner herr-
lichen Artzney.
IV. Aurum Vitae oder Gold des Lebens. Von alien und wahren
Philosophis beschrieben und aufs alten Manuscriptis den filijs
doctrinae zum besten publiciret.
Verlegts Barthol. Kretzschmar Buchhandler in Budifsin. Druckts Andreas
Richter Im Jahr 1677.
8°. Pp. [5, i blank] 2-66 [i blank]. The even numbers are on the redo.
The dedication is signed by Kretzschmar, the collections. See the respective titles. The second
publisher, so he was probably the editor. tract is by Roger Bacon (q.v.).
The first and second tracts are reprinted in other
[Another Copy.]
VIER niitzliche Chymische Tractat vom Stein der Weisen. Derer drey hiebevorn
vnterschiedlicher Zeiten in Franckreich gedruckt, vnd nunmehr den filiis
doctrinae zum besten in Deutsche Sprach transferirt, der vierdte aber bifsdahero
in Deutsch noch nie gesehen worden. Der Autorum Namen seynd nach-
folgend zu befinden. Gedruckt zu Hall in Sachsen, durch Christophorum
Bifsmarck, In verlegung Joachimi Krusicken, Anno 1612.
8°. Sigs. A-N/, in eights, or pp. [205] [i blank]. N8 is wanting.
I. Die Fontina der Liebhaber der hohen Wis- III. SummariumPhilosophicumNicolaiFlamelli,
senschafft gemacht durch Johann von der Fontina, Fvj.
Aij. IV. Fratis Engelhard! liber de lapide Philoso-
II. Ein Gesprach zwischen der Natura vnd den phorum, Iv.
irrenden Alchimisten . . . Johannis von Mehung, Ein Schreiben, so Theophrasto sein Lehrmeister
genandt Clopinel, Cj. (i.e. Trismosinus (q.v.)), zugeschrieben, Nj.
This work is stated on the title-page to be trans- Balthazar Brunner (Latin, de Fontina). He was
lated from the French, and the names of the born at Halle, 1540, and died there 1610 ; studied,
respective authors of the tracts are given on the travelled, practised and had a great laboratory at
verso of the title-page as above. They were: Halle. Under a false name, after his death, certain
Jean de la Fontaine, La fontaine des Amoureux essays of his were published as the above collection,
de Science; Jean de Meung, Les Remonstrances Nothing less accurate or more wildly away from
de Nature ; Flamel, Le Sommaire Philosophique ; the facts could be imagined, and it makes one quite
Engelhardt, Defense de 1'Alchimie. sceptical about Schmieder's accuracy in general.
In face of this Schmieder (Geschichte der Al- There was an edition in French, La Metallique
chemle, 1832, p. 320) ascribes this collection to Transformation, Lyon, 1618.
VIER unterschiedene Chymische Tractatlein. Hiebevor in alten Teutschen
Reimen ab Incertis Authoribus gestellet. Frankfurt und Leipzig, bey
Johann Paul Kraufs. 1772.
8°. Pp. 44 [4 blank].
This is a reprint of the four little poems which II. Eine feine Beschreibung der philosophischen
form the fourth tract in the VIER aufserlesene Materie und ihrer Bereitung, p. 23.
Teutsche Chemische Buchlein, 1697 (q.v.). They III. Tractatulus rhytmicus vom Stein der Wei-
are : sen, p. 29.
I. Alchymia vera lapidis philosophorum, with IV. Verses beginning —
a Protestatio Authoris, p. 5. Philosophia die edle Kunst, p. 40.
S io VIGANI— VIGENERE
VIGANI (JOHN FRANCIS).
Medulla Chymise, variis Experimentis aucta, multisq; Figuris illustrata.
Authore Johanne Francisco Vigani Veronensi. Cum Indice rerum &
verborum locupletissimo.
Namq; eadem ccelum, mare, terras, flumina, solem
Constituunt ; eadem fruges, arbusta, animantes ;
Verum aliis, alioq; modo commista moventur.
Lucret. lib. I.
Londoni, Impensis Henrici Faithorne, & Joannis Kersey ad insigne Rosse in
Csemeterio D. Pauli. M DC LXXXV.
8°. Pp. [io] 70. 3 plates of apparatus.
Jo. Francisci Vigani Veronensi. Medulla Chymise Variis Experimentis Aucta
multisque Figuris illustrata. Cum Indice Rerum & Verborum Locupletis-
simo. Norimbergse Apud Haeredes Jo. Dan. Tauberi MDCCXVIIL
8°. Pp. [io] 70. Six engraved plates.
Chymia Curiosa Variis, pp. [2] 73-109 (but pp. 87-94 dropped in the paging).
Appendix Processuum Chymicorum in Jo. Franc. Vigani Medullam Chemiae, in
Collegio Chymico Viri Amplissimi & Acutissimi Dn. D. Job. Bohnii, Profess. Lips,
elaboratorum.
Pp. 110-134.
Though this has a separate title and pagination, the signatures are continuous, and it therefore goes
along with Rivinus' ' Manuductio' (q.v.).
John Francis Vigani of Verona travelled and 1683 and 1685, at Leyden with notes by David
studied pharmacy, mining and metallurgy. He Stam in 1693, and then at Niirnberg in 1718.
came to England between 1670 and 1680, and The book is not a systematic treatise, but only an
settled at Newark on Trent and Cambridge, where exposition of some methods which he had found
he taught chemistry privately. After a consider- best for the making of certain drugs,
able number of years he was appointed professor in For what is known about him reference may be
the University. He married in Newark and had a made to a paper by me read to the Cambridge
family, and he died about 1714. Antiquarian Society, and to an abstract of it in the
He wrote the present work, which was first Dictionary of National Biography.
printed at Dantzig in 1682, afterwards in London,
Manget, Bibliotheca ScriptorumMedicorum, 1731, the 'Medulla ' Lond. 1687) ; 139 (callshim Johannes,
II. ii. p. 530. and quotes the ' Medulla," Lond. 1683).
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce, Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. ai.
1732, p. 147 (quotes an edition of London, 1688). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 745 ;
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1746, xlviii. col. 1204 1798, ii. p. 234.
(known by his book ' Medulla,' printed in England, Hoefer, Htstoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 244 ;
Holland and Germany). 1869, ii. p. 235.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, Dictionary of National Biography, 1899, Iviii.
1751, i. pp. 136 (calls him Franciscus, and quotes p. 305.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p. 485.
VIGENERE (BLAISE DE).
A Discourse of Fire and Salt, Discovering many secret Mysteries, as well
Philosophicall, as Theologicall. London, Printed by Richard Cotes, and
are to be sold by Andrew Crooke at the Green-dragon in Pauls Church-
yard, 1649.
4°. Pp. [4] 162. The title is surrounded by a narrow border.
VIGENERE— VI LLANO VA NUS
VIGENERE (BLAISE DE). Continued.
According to Dufresnoy the editions in French appeared at Paris, 1608, 4°, and long afterwards
at Rouen, 1642, 1651, 4°.
Tractatus de Igne et Sale.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. I.
Blaise de Vigenere was born at Saint-Pourcain in
the Bourbonnois in 1523. He studied at Paris, was
introduced at Court, and acted in an official
capacity, and was present at the diet of Worms.
Afterwards he travelled, then he studied Greek
under Turnebus and Dorat, and Hebrew, both
Biblical and Rabbinic, went to Rome, returned to
Paris, married in 1570, and was a laborious
student, working eight or ten hours a day. The
date of his death is rather uncertain, but the year
1596 seems to be the best authenticated, though
in that year he published a continuation to his
translation of the ' Icones ' of Philostratus. He
wrote historical works and made translations from
Plato, Livy, Cicero, Tasso and others. A list is
given at the end of his life by Niceron.
He was first secretary of the Duke de Nevers, and
then of Henry III., and he says he was forty years
of age when he was in the house of Nevers. He
mentions this in his ' Traite" des Chiffres,1 printed
in 1586, which, on f. 4 verso, he himself calls the
choicest of all his works. At f. 17 he speaks of
Vigenere, Traicti des Chiffres ou Secrets Manieres
d'escrire, Paris, 1586, 4°ff. 343 [3] (most authorities
give the date as 1587).
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 229, 258.
Paulus Colpmesius(Colomies), Gallia Orientates,
Hagae-Comitis, 1665, pp. 92-93 (commendatory
notices of him).
Hallervord, Bibliotheca Curiosa, 1676, p. 38.
Bayle, Dictionaire historiqtte et critique, 1730, i.
pp. 14 col. a, 54 col. a, 61 col. b, 439.
Niceron, Mt 'moires, 1731, xvi. pp. 26-37, and
1732, xx. p. 94.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothtca metallic^,
1732, p. 147.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. ioo(I. i. n §17);
ii. p. 169 (II. ii. 4 §4).
Joh. Christoph. Mylius, Bibliotheca Anonymorum
et Pseudonymorum, Hamb., 1740, p. 315, No. 308
('Discours sur 1'Histoire de Charles VII.'; not
altogether commendatory of the author).
Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Her-
mMqve, 1742, iii. p. 322.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1746, xlviii. cols.
1206-07.
Prosper Marchand, Dictionaire Historique, La
Haye, 1758, i. pp. 305-306 (bis). (The reference
here is to the article ' Hermaphrodites, which,
having met the Cardinal de Carpi at Rome in 1549,
and at f. 34 he says he remembered ' d'auoir veu
en mes ieunes ans, estant nourry auec le general
Bayard, premier secretaire d'estat du grand Roy
Franfois, feu monsieur de la Bourdaiziere.' He
was sent to Flanders and Zeeland in 1559, at the
embarkation of the King of Spain.
At the end of the book are these words : Blaise
de Vigenere, de la Ville de Saint Pourcain es
enclaves de Bourbonnois & d'Auvergne, s'exercoit
apres les meditations dessusdites 1 an de Salut
MDLXXXV, et de son aage le Climacterique.
Under date February, 1596, de L'Estoile mentions
Vigenere's death : Le lundi 19* , mourust a Paris,
en sa maison, Blaise Vigenaire, aag6 de soixante-
quinze ans, d'une maladie fort estrange : car il lui
sortist un chancre du corps qui lui gangna de telle
fa9on la bouche que, non obstant tous les remedes
des me'decins et chirurgiens, il demeura suffbque',
faute de respiration. II estoit boinme tres docte,
mais vicieux.
however, contains nothing about Vigenere except
one or two quotations from certain of his works. )
Lelong, Bibliotheque Historique de la France,
1768, i. Nos. 115, 139, 3880; 1769, ii. Nos. 16602,
16733, 17272, 26261 ; 1771, iii. No. 32078.
Les Bibliothtques Francoises de La Croix du
Maine et de Du Verdier, ed. de Juvigny, 1772, i.
(du Maine : i.) p. 86 ; iii. (du Verdier : i.) p. 250.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 54.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 307,
5°3-
Biographie Universelle, 1827, xlviii. p. 458 ; no
date, xliii. p. 370 (article by Weiss).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 296.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 120 ;
1869, ii. p. 115.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1206.
Nouvelle Biographie Gintrale, 1866, xlvi. col.
140.
Ladrague, Bibliothequt Ouvaro/, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 957.
Pierre de L'Estoile, Memoires-Journaux , Paris,
1875-83; 1879, vii. (Journal de Henri IV., 1595-
1601) p. 52.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p.
406.
VIGILANTIUS de Monte Cubiti.
See MONTE CUBITI (VIGILANTIUS DE).
VILLAIN (ETIENNE FRA^OIS).
SeeV***
VILLANOVANUS (ARNALDUS).
See ARNALDUS VILLANOVANUS.
$12
VILLANOVANUS
VILLANOVANUS (ARNALDUS). Continued.
Experimenta.
See MALDINY (JOANNES JACOBUS DE), Mirabilia Mundi, 1754.
One of the works, perhaps the work, by which
Arnaldus is best known, is his commentary on the
Schola Salernitana, which was written in the early
years of the fourteenth century, and was first printed
about 1480. An account of this treatise and of
Arnaldus' commentary is contained in Sir Alex-
ander Croke's monograph on the subject.
There is a method also for rejuvenescence attri-
buted to Arnaldus, which is contained in De Longe-
ville-Harcouet's book about people who have lived
to a great age, but his account of the way it
came into his hands does not augur well for its
authenticity.
It was translated by Robert Samber, and pub-
lished as an original work of his own with this
title : Long Livers : a Curious History of such
Persons of both Sexes who have liv'd several Ages,
and grown Young again : with the rare Secret of
Rejuvenescency of Arnoldus de Villa Nova, . . .
by Eugenius Philalethes, F. R.S. . . ., London,
1722, 8°, pp. Ixiv. 199. viii. [ij.
Symphorianus Champerius, Llbelli duo. Primus
de medicine Claris scriptoribus, no place and date
(Lyons, 1506?), f. xxxvij. recto.
Gesner, Bibliotheca Vniuersalis, Tiguri, 1545,
f. 93 recto.
Mathias Flacius, Catalogus testium veritatis, qui
ante nostram cetatem reclamarunt Papas, Basileas,
1556, p. 799. (Arnoldus was a man of great erudi-
tion, knew Hebrew, Greek, Latin and Arabic, and
was deeply skilled in philosophy and theology.
' Docuit autem, qu6d diabolus totum populum
Christianum fecerit aberrare a veritate Jesu Christi.
Hanc sententiam non opinor esse falsain.' Other
doctrines are enumerated, but nothing about
alchemy, and the section concludes : ' Habuit hie
doctor non paucos auditores & sectatores, etiam
post mortem, prsesertim in Hispania, quos papistse
Arnoldistas vocaverunt, & tanquam haereticos sunt
persequuti atrocissime.' This is not unlikely.)
Wolfgangus Justus (Jobst), Chronologia sive
Temporum Supputatio omnium illustrium Medi-
corum, Francophurti ad Viadrum, 1556, p. in.
Bale, Scriptorum illustrium maioris Brytannia
. . . Catalogus, Basil., 1557, pp. 358-359. No.
Ixxvi. Appendix alia.
Andreas Tiraquellus, Commentarii DeNobilitate
et lure Primigeniorum, 1573, p. 246.
Joan. Francisc. Picus Mirandulanus, ' De rerum
praenotione,' lib. ix. c. v. , Opera Omnia, Basil.,
1601, ii. p. 461.
Maier, Symbola Aurece Mensez, 1617, p. 318.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 91.
Conring, De Hermetica j&gyptiorum Vetere et
Paracelsicorum Nova Medicina Liber unus, 1648,
pp. 380-383 ; and edition, 1669, pp. 205, 262, 265,
281, 414, 415, 417, 423, 424.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 229.
Quenstedt, Dialogus de Patriis illustrium
doctrina et scriptis virorum, Wittebergae, 1654,
p. 63; 1691, p. 63.
Paul us Colomesius(Colomies), Gallia Orientalis,
sive Gallorum qui linguam Hebraam vel alias
Orientales excoluerunt Vita, Hagae-Comitis, 1665,
p. 2.
Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum,
1710, p. 427.
De Longeville-Harcouet, Histoire des Personnes
This Eugenius Philalethes, it may be observed
in passing, is not to be confused with Thomas
Vaughan, the earlier user of the same pseudonym.
Pp. 164-170, chapter xxii. : 'The method of
Arnoldus de Villa nova to be used in the grand
Operation of Rejuvenescency.' His confection,
containing powdered sapphires, hyacinths, emer-
alds, rubies, topazes, &c., &c., was more likely to
set up appendicitis than make an old man young.
This ' Secret of Rejuvenescency' is different from
another tract by him, of which there is a translation
by Jonas Drumunde : 0 Here is a newe Boke, called
the defence of age, and recouery of youth, trans-
lated out of the famous Clarke and ryght experte
medycyne Arnold de Noua Villa, very profy table
for all men to knowe. Printed by Robert Wyer,
about 1540, black letter, 16°, A & B in fours, for
which consult Herbert's Ames, Typographical
Antiquities, 1785, i. p. 381, and Dibdin, Typogra-
phical Antiquities, 1816, iii. p. 198.
qai ont vecu plusieurs siecles, et qui out rajeuni :
avec le Secret du Rajeunissement, tire d 'Arnauld de
Villeneuve, Paris, 1715, chap. x*ii. pp. 274-286 ;
Paris, 1716, pp. 198-206.
Petr. Frid. Arpe, De prodigiosis Naturce et Artis
Operibus Talismanes et Amuleta dictis, 1717, p.
119.
Oudin, Commentarius de Scriptoribus Ecclesice
Antiquis, 1722, iii. col. 616.
Le Clerc, Histoire de la Medecine, 1723, p. 785
(' il etoit grand Chimiste').
Freind, The History of Physick, 1726, ii. pp. 224
(Schola Salernitana), 251 (' a very great Chymist '),
253 (his life), 256 (some of his medical views).
Conring, De Scriptoribus xvi. post Christum
natum seculorum Commentarius, 1727, p. 133.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 531.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 117, 123 (notice of his life and
references to authorities).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1732, ii. col. 1592 (a
good deal about his alchemy).
Mariana, Historia de rebus Hispania, 1733, lib.
xiv. cap. 9, ii. p. 143 (' rei medicse ea tempestate
peritissimus majori tamen fama quam laude : cum
nobile ingenium eruditionem maximam, pravis
superstitionibus, pravisque de religione opinionibus
faedare visus sit.' His views were condemned by
the Inquisition, and he tried to make a ' homun-
culus.')
Bruckar, Kurtze Fragen aus der philosophischen
Historie, 1734, v. pp. 1158, 1176-1179.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca latina media; et infimce
JStatis, 1734, i. p. 358.
[H. P. de Limiers, or Limmiers], Magna Bib-
liotheca Ecclesiastica, sive Notilia Scriptorum
Ecclesiasticorum veterum ac recentiorum, . . .
opera & studio * * * *. Coloniae Allobrogum, 1734,
i. pp. 577-580 (his life and the opinions expressed
about him ; his theological writings, and the fifteen
errors condemned by Eymericus).
N. H. Gundling, Historie der Gelahrheit, 1734,
ii. pp. I775-I779-
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit,
I736. PP- 563. 565-
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller,
1751, ii. pp. 690, 838.
VI LLANO VANUS— VITRIOL
5'3
VILLANOVANUS (ARNALDUS). Continued.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
I75S. '• PP- 96-100 ; 1778, i. pp. 183-187.
Georg Christoph Hamberger, '/.uverlassige Nach-
richten von den vornehmsten Schriftstellern vom
Anfange der Welt bis. 1500, Lemgo, 1764, iv. pp.
490-495, No. DCCCCXXXXII.
Brucker, Historic. Critica Philosophies, 1766, iii.
p. 841.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 217
(Schola Salernitana).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatoinica, 1774, i. p. 147.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 154.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practice?, 1776, i.
P- 392.
George Rudolph Boehmer, Systematisch-Liter-
aerisches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1786, I.
ii. pp. 88, 184 (on poisons), 404 (references to
authorities and to his works), 410, 467; 1787, III.
i. p. 554 ; III. ii. pp. 471, 599 (de vinis) ; 1789, V.
p. 119 (on medicinal waters).
Bougine", Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar-
geschichte, 1789, i. p. 535.
Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum, A Poem on the
Preservation of Health . . . with . . . notes by
Sir Alexander Croke, Oxford, 1830, 12°, pp. xix.
[i blank], 199 [i blank].
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 214.
Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistest 1856, pp.
7, 15, 19,23, 27, 37, 42, 56, 170.
Cap, Etudes Biographiques pour servir h tHis-
toire des Sciences, Deuxieme SeYie, Paris, 1864,
pp. 346-349 ( ' L'Alchimie au xiiie Siecle ').
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1875, i. pp. 687,
715, 718-728 (life, doctrines and followers), 747.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1880, i. p. 560 ; 2nd
series, 1896, i. p. 666.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1888, vi.
Nachtrage, p. 424.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
207, 230 (note on his life), 307 (verses of the Schola
Salernitana), 311, 316 (life), 327.
VIOTTUS (BARTHOLOM^EUS) a Clivolo.
De Balneorum Naturalium Viribus Libri Quatuor, quorum argumentum proxime
sequentes pagellse indicabunt, Barptolomaso a Clivolo Medico Taurinensi &
professore publico authore. Lugduni, Apud Mathiam Bonhomme. 1552.
4°. Pp. [12] 168. Vignette of Mercury with the Medusa's head, and the legend :
EK HONOY O KAE02.
This contains a description of the baths at Aix
(in Savoy) ; the use of the waters and of the mud in
baths generally, the salts, &c., which are met with
in waters ; a description of the baths in Italy, Ger-
many and elsewhere, the curative virtues of baths.
In the treatment of the subject this book may be
compared with Thurneisser's Pison, which did not
come out till 1572.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis A/edicts tibri duo,
1637, p. 82.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 114
(under B. a C.), p. 119 (under B. Viottus a C.).
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, pp. 23 (Int. c. i. §24), 36 (Add.
c. i. § 24).
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 533.
Bartholomoeus Viottus a Clivolo was a distin-
guished doctor, philosopher and professor at Turin,
highly commended for his method of demonstration,
and for the present work on natural baths. His
book was included (p. 247) in a collection of similar
writings which was published at Venice in 1553.
He died in 1568.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 897.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1639.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
p. 101.
Carrere, Catalogue . . . des Ouvrages . . . sur les
eaux mintrales, Paris, 1785, p. 52, No. 126.
Billings, Index Catalogue, 1894, xv. p. 764.
VIRTUTES Alchemiae Artificialis.
See MENSENRIET, 1737.
VITO del capo dela bona speranza.
See CRUX absque Cruce, 1617.
VITRIOL.
See K. (E. D. L.), Der Triumpfwagen des Vitriol, 1770.
II. 2K
VITRIOL UM— VOGEL
VITRIOLUM.
De Vitriolo et ejus oleo secretissimo. Von dem Vitriol und seinem geheimesten
Oehle.
See BACON (ROGER), Oleum Vitrioli.
VITRIOLUM PHILOSOPHORUM.
See TRACTATUS de Vitriolo Philosophorum.
VITULUS AUREUS.
See HELVETIUS (JOHANN FRIEDRICH).
VLIESS.
Das Giildene Vliess.
See VELLUS Aureum.
VOARCHADUMIA.
See PANTHEO (GIOVANNI AGOSTINO).
VOGEL (EWALD).
De Lapidis Physici Conditionibus Liber. Quo duorum abditissimorum
Auctorum Gebri & Raimundi Lullii methodica continetur explicatio. Et
Chymistarum omnium opera tanquam ad normam examinantur, virum in
perfectionis via consistant, necne. Auctore Evvaldo Vogelio Belga.
Coloniae Agrippinae, Apud Henricum Falckenburg. Anno clo.lD.xcv.
8°. Pp. [36] 252 [2 blank and 2 blank wanting]. MS. Index.
[Another Copy.]
[Another Copy.]
It has the 4 blank pages at the end. MS. notes.
Liber de Lapidis physici conditionibus.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 515.
The statements about this person are rather
conflicting, due to the fact that some regard him as
identical with Hoghelande, while others consider
him distinct.
Even among those who take the former view
there is want of unanimity.
The earliest allusion to the question which I
have seen is by Conring in the second edition of
his Hermetica Medicina, 1669. He there speaks of
Vogel ' who was in the habit of calling himself at
one time Theobaldus, and at another de Hogelande,
with an unpraiseworthy lack of decision, a man
specially devoted to chemistry.' Conring, who
found any stick good enough to beat the chem-
ists with, here falls foul of the pseudonym, —
which, by the way, with an unpraiseworthy lack of
accuracy he divides into two — as if Vogel was the
only author who had ever used another name. He
assigns to Vogel the present treatise ; he could
hardly do otherwise ; but he credits the ' Historiae
transmutationis ' to 'Ewaldus,' without specifying
the surname. From this it would appear that
Conring considered that Hogelande was the
pseudonym, and Vogel the orthonym.
Morhof, who wrote his Epistle in 1673, says just
exactly the opposite of Conring : Theobaldus ab
Hogelande qui se ficto nomine appellat Ewaldum
Vogelium. Ko'nig followed in 1678 : Theob. ab
Hogeland ficto nomine Ewaldum Vogelium sese
vocare solet, he says under Hogelande, but does
not quote a single book by him. Under the
heading Vogelius, however, he makes no allusion
whatever to this statement, and deals with him as a
distinct person: ' Brabantus, Medicus,' and as the
genuine and independent author of the present
work, and mentions none of Hoghelande's writings.
VOGEL
515
VOGEL (EWALD). Continued.
Now though Conring might be justified in the
use of the word ' solet,' it was certainly not correct
for Konig to employ it. For while Vogel under
the pseudonym of Theobaldus or Ewaldus de
Hognelande wrote two books, Hoghelande under
that of Vogel wrote only one, and one instance
does not constitute a custom.
The following year, 1679, Lipenius brought out
his Bibliotheca realis medica, and the problem is
not simplified by his treatment of it. To Vogel is
correctly assigned the present work ; to Theob. de
Hoghelande, the treatise ' De Alchemiae Difficul-
lalibus,' 1594, and in the Thealrum Chemicum ;
buj the tract ' Hisloriae aliquot transmutationis
Metallicae pro Defensione Alchymiae,' Coloniae
Agr. , 1604, is said to be by ' Ewaldus Vogelande s.
Theob. Hogelande.' The name Vogelande is a
piece of confusion, and the author of this tract
calls himself Ewald von Hohelande and not Theo-
baldus, unless these two be identical, which I
doubt.
Konig was quoted as the authority for the pseudo-
nymity by de la Rue in 1734, and so it filtered down
to Baumer, who in 1782 puts the present work under
Theobaldus von Hogeland with the ' nomine ficto
Ewaldi Vogel,' and ultimately to Van der Aa.
Franc. Sweertius, Athena Belgicez, Antwerpiae,
1628, p. 235 (calls him ' Ewaldus Vogelius, Braban-
tus, Medicus,' and quotes the present book ' De
Lapidis Physici conditionibus,' 1595, 8°; there is
no reference to Hoghelande).
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
J637, PP- 143 (Ewald. Vogelius) ; 443 (Theobaldus
de Hoghelande).
Valerius Andreas, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1643, P-
822 (Theobaldus de Hoghelande).
Johan Reygersberg, Chroniick van Zeelandt
. . . vermeerdert door Marcus Zuerius van Box-
horn, Middelburch, 1644, i. p. 460 ('Theobaldus
ab Hoghelande, van Middelburch, is gheweest een
seer vermaerdt en gheleert Philosophus, en Chy-
micus' ; but no mention of Ewald Vogel).
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 231.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis medica, 1679, pp.
96 a (Theob. de Hoghelande), 277 b (Ew. Vogelius
seu Theob. de Hogelande) ; 242 a (Ew. Vogelius).
Conring, De Hermetica Medicina libri duo,
1669, p. 387.
Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione ad . . .
Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 141.
Konig, Bibliotheca Vetus et Nova, 1678, pp. 408
(Theob. ab Hogeland) ; 854 (Ewaldus Vogelius).
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriplorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 536.
Pieter de la Rue, Geletterd Zeeland, te Middel-
burg, 1734, p. 40 (quotes Theobaldus van Hoghe-
lande only, as the author of ' De Alchemine
difficultatibus,' Colon., 1594, and in the 'Theatrum
Chemicum,' and refers to Konig for the statement
that he was wont to call himself Ewaldus Vogelius.
' He was a learned philosopher and chemist.')
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 94.
On the other band there is no evidence in the case
of a large number of authorities that identification
was ever thought of. Van der Linden in 1637
keeps them entirely apart, Borel in 1654 does the
same, and these are followed by Mercklin and
Mangel. Andreas in 1643 makes no allusion to
Vogel at all, but only to Theobaldus de Hoghe-
lande. Eloy, so far from identifying them, has
taken some trouble to distinguish them, and he
seems also to doubt the identity of Theobaldus
and Ewald von Hoghelande. He quotes Paquot's
analysis of VogePs book.
Later writers have almost forgotten them.
Gmelin treals ihem as distincl, and Schmieder
does not mention Vogel or this book, and says
nothing about the name Ewald as an alternative
of Theobaldus. Kopp does not include any of
these names or the books in his history of
Alchemy.
In the note to HOGHELANDE (i., pp. 411, 412) I
referred to this question of identity. So far as the
evidence goes there is no reason for believing that
Hoghelande and Vogel were identical. When the
stalements of Conring and Morhof are reconciled
and established, it will be time to speak of identifi-
cation. They cannot both be right.
Paquot, Memoires pour servir a I'Histoire Litter-
aire des dix-sept Provinces des Pays-Bas, ... 4
Louvain, 1766, viii. pp. 139-142. (Paquot calls
him Vogels, quotes and describes Ihe contents of
the book ' De Lapidis Physici conditionibus,' and
concludes by saying that Konig identifies him with
Thibaut de Hoghelande of Middelbourg, aulhor of
De Alchimias difficultalibus liber, 1594, which he
had jusl menlioned. Paquol supports this notion
by the following arguments : Evalde might pass
for the same name as Theobald or Thibaut
slighlly varied ; Vogels would be Theobald's sur-
name, who in conformity wilh the usage of his
time, would call himself of Middelbourg, though
born at ihe village of Hoghelande, which is only
half a league from this town. This, Paquot says, is
all the more probable that there exists under the
name of Evalde de Hogelande a work analogous
to the preceding : Historiae aliquot Transmuta-
tionis melallicae . . ., Colon. Agripp., 1604, 12°.
One dpubls if Paquot's arguments are conclusive.
He wriles flippanlly. )
Eloy, Dictionnairc Historique de la Medecine,
1778, ii. p. 551 (article on Hoghelande) ; iv. p. 547
(long article on Vogel).
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 91.
Taschenbuchfiir Alchemisten, 1790, p. 91.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 309
(Theobald von Hogheland).
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p.
360.
Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der
Nederlanden, 1867, VIII. ii. p. 966.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 972 (reprint in the THEATRUM
CHEMICUM).
VOGEL (HEINRICH).
Offenbarung der Geheymnussen der Alchimy. Wider die Verachter vnd
Lasterer, auch wider die betrieglichen Verfuhrer, vnd alien Mifsbrauch
diser edlen Philosophy. Neben warhafftiger Beschreibung der hochgelobten
heylsamen Chimy, vnd jhren vnzehlichen Nutzbarkeiten.
5i6
VOGEL
VOGEL (HEINRICH). Continued.
Die Weifsheit ist aller Kunst Meister, vnd erkennet die Krafft der
Elementen, Sapient. 7.
Alle Philosophi je vnd je,
So deutlich ban geschriben nie,
Von diser sach : Sie bans verlobt
Beyde der kunst, vn dan auch Gott.
Ob das gelobt gebrochen sey
Durch difs buch, welchs so klar vnd frey,
Solch geheymnufs offenbaren thut
Vnd suchet weder Gelt noch Gut,
Cum Gratia & Priuilegio Csesareo.
Antonium Bertram, M.DCV.
4°. Pp. [8] 192.
Jocher, Allgcmeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. Gmelin, Geschichte der CAemie, 1797, i. p. 564.
col. 1690.
Das vrtheil sol nicht sein der Welt,
Sender den Weisen heimgestelt.
Nichts mangelt als ein eynig wort,
Das nur nicht steht am selben ort,
Da es verstahn kondt jederman,
Es soil auch nicht daselbest stahn,
Wilt wissen? die vrsachen such
Darunden in dem vierdten Buch.
Gedruckt zu Strafsburg, durch
[Another Copy.]
VOGEL (RUDOLPH AUGUSTIN).
Die Bestuschefsche oder Le Mottische Stahltinktur zu verfertigen.
See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 192.
Rud. August. Vogel Medicinae Doctoris et in Vniversitate Gottingensi Professoris
Academiae Naturae Curiosorum Sodalis Institutiones Chemiae ad Lectiones
Academicas accommodatae. Editio Altera Polita et Locupletata. Bam-
bergae, Francofurti & Lipsiae apud Tobiam Gobhard, MDCCLXII.
8°. Pp. [12] 396. Index [8].
First edition, Gottingen, 1755 ; second edition,
Leyden u. Leipzig, 1757. The above is a revised
reprint of the second. Wiegleb's German transla-
tion, Weimar, 1775 ; second edition, 1785, 8°.
Vogel was born at Erfurt, i May, 1724. His
studies began at Erfurt in 1740, and were continued
at Leipzig in 1745. After residence for some time
at Berlin, he graduated M.D. at Erfurt in 1747,
where he practised and gave lectures. In 1753,
about Michaelmas, he was appointed extraordinary
professor of medicine at Gottingen, in 1760 ordi-
nary professor, in 1763 Landphysicus, and in 1764
Hofrath and Leibmedicus. He belonged to several
Academies, having been received into the Academia
Naturae Curiosorum n August, 1754, with the name
of Philoxenus III., the Royal Swedish Academy in
1759, and that of Gottingen in 1770. His death
occurred 5 April, 1774.
He was a man of wide and varied knowledge,
well read in the Greek and Latin classics, and
Heyne speaks of his familiarity with the works of
Hippocrates and Paulus Aegineta. His interest
extended to various branches of natural history,
botany, mineralogy, physiology, and chemistry, of
which he made a special study. He was opposed
to transmutation, the universal solvent, and to
other notions which still survived.
He introduced improvements into pharmacy and
the methods of examining mineral waters, and his
knowledge of chemistry was turned further to
account for mineralogy, as appears in his Practical
System of Mineralogy published at Leipzig in
1762, and again in 1776. Though defective in
arrangement this book contains observations which
were new for the time. In his investigations on
these subjects he paid special attention to the
phenomena attendant upon the calcination of
metals and their increase in weight.
But while so engaged he never neglected the
study and practice of medicine ; he made many con-
tributions to its literature, and had the reputation
of being a laborious, most attentive, and success-
ful practitioner. He was highly esteemed for bis
activity and diligence, for his acquirements and
modesty, his kindliness and willingness to help, as
can be gathered from Heyne's eloge.
Vogel was the author of several papers — on
cubic saltpetre, nitrum flammans, &c. The
Institutiones deals with the subject quite gener-
ally. There are numerous references to the older
literature, which are of some importance as show-
ing who the authorities were in 1762. It was a
favourite text book in its time.
VOGEL— VOL TELEN
Si?
VOGEL (RUDOLPH AUGUSTIN). Continued.
Biicbner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum
Historia, 1755, p. 517, No. 591.
Burcard Gotthelff Struvius, Bibliotheca Historiae
litterariae selecta, ed. Johannes Frid. lugler,
lenae, 1761, ii. p. 917 (his review of medical litera-
ture, begun in 1751 at Erfurt, 'Die Medicinische
Bibliothec').
PUtter, Versuch einer academischen Gelehrten-
Geschichte von der Georg-Augustus-Universitdt zu
Gottingen, 1765 [Th. ij p. 158; 1788, Th, 2,
P- 45-
Portal, Histoire de r Anatomic et dela Chirurgie,
1770, v. pp. 423, 693.
Haller, Bibhotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 446.
Chr. Gottl. Heyne, Elogium Rudolphi Augustini
Vogel Soc. Reg. Scient. Soda/is ordinarii in con-
sessu Societatis D. XVI. April. dolDCCLXXiv.,
Gottingae apud Joann. Christian. Dieterich, 4°,
pp. 12 (laudatory notice).
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. pp. 460,
467.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 417,
781.
George Rudolph 'Boehmer,Systfma(iscA-Ltteraer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1785, I. i. p.
12 ; 1786, I. ii. pp. 44, 146, 165, 180, 193, 214,
236, 239, 253, 345, 357 (Institutiones Chemise,
various editions), 390 (increase of weight by cal-
cination); 1787, III. i. pp. 445, 537; III. ii. p. 53;
1788, IV. i. pp. 64 (mineral system), 177, 248, 380,
424 (cubic nitre), 443 (sal sedativum), 501 ; 1789,
IV. ii. pp. 48, 56, 79, 86, 267, 402.
Carl Joseph Bougine\ Handbuch der allgemtinen
Litterargeschichte , Zurich, 1792, v. pp. 42, 77
(' Lehrsatze der Chemie,' Weimar, 1775, 1785, 8°,
translated by Joh. Christian WiegleL).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 334,
365, 414, 478, 646-648, 686, 702, 762 ; 1799, iii.
P- 598.
Shering Rosenhane, Anteckningar horande till
Kongl. Vetensk. Akademiens Historia, Stockholm,
1811, p. 403, No. 45.
F. C. G. Hirsching, Historisch-litterarisches
Handbuch beruhmter und denkwiirdiger Personen,
welche in dem achtzehnten Jahrhundert gelebt haben,
Leipzig, 1813, XV., ii. p. 64.
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 444 (long list of his works).
Sprengel, Gesehichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, V. i.
p. 295 ; V. ii. pp. 562, 679.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medi-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 345.
E. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp.
393, 413 (merely mentioned) ; 1849, ii. p. 293
(enumeration of a few works).
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mfdicale, 1855, ii.
P- 493-
Poggendorff, Biograpkisch-literarisches Hand-
iDorterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1217.
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 614,
642.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen,-
den Aerzte a Her Zeiten und Volker, t888, vi. p. 135.
Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Midi-
cales, seme SeYie, 1889, iii. p. 748.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1894, xv. p. 802.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1896, xl. p. 123
(by Pagel).
VOLLKOMMENER Bericht und Handgriff in Zubereitung des Lapidis Philo-
sophorum.
See TINCTURA Physica.
VOLPI (TOMMASO).
Pharmacopoea in usum Officinarum Reipublicae Bremensis conscripta quam
auctam & emendatam recudi curavit Thomas Volpi Chirurgiae Doctor
atque Lector, Nosocomii Ticinensis ad S. Mathaeum Chirurgus Ordinarius
et Acad. C. R. Josephinae Medico-Chirurgicae Vindobonensis Socius.
Editio Prima Italica juxta postremam Bremensem anni 1792. Ticini
MDCCXCIII. Apud Haered. Petri Galeatii. Cum Approbations
8°. Pp. xii, 181 [i].
Volpi was born at Pavia, 24 Dec., 1761, and Scarpa in his clinical instruction in 1804, and finally
is described as one of the most distinguished succeeded him in 1817. He wrote important works
pupils of Scarpa. He became chief surgeon in the on medicine and surgery, and died 9 Jan., 1822.
great hospital in his native place, and acted for
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mide-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 351.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragtn-
den Aerste oiler Zeiten und Volker, 1888, vi. p. 149.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1894, xv. p. 821.
VOLTELEN (FLORIS JACOBUS).
Observationes Chemico-Medicae de Lacte Humano, ejusque cum Asinino et
Ovillo Comparatione, quas una cum subnexis quaestionibus, Auspiciis Dei
5i8
VOL TELEN— VORM
VOLTELEN (FLORIS JACOBUS). Continued.
O. M., Prseside Johanne Davide Hahnio, A. L. M. Philos. et Med. Doctore
ac Professore Ordinario Die viii Junii CID 10 CCLXXV. H. L. Q. S. publice
defendet Floris Jacobus Voltelen, ex Promontorio Bonae Spei Batavus,
Auctor. Trajecti Batavorum, Ex Officina Abraham! Van Paddenburg,
Academise Typographi. [1775.]
4°. Pp. [6] 60 [10].
Floris, or Florentius Jacobus Voltelen was born
at the Cape of Good Hope 21 Jan., 1754, left it,
and in his twelfth year was at the Latin school
at Hertogenbosch under the rector, de Booij. In-
tended for the Church, he was instructed at Utrecht
in 1770 by Saxe and Segaar, but he speedily aban-
doned theology and read medicine secretly under
Oosterdyk, Schacht, Luchtmans, and Hahn with
such commendable zeal that in 1775 he publicly
defended the above thesis. In the same year he
followed Hahn to Leyden, and in 1778 proceeded
to the degree of M.D. with another thesis : Diatribe
medica aditialis, memorabilem septennis Apositiag
historiam exhibens. He then settled at Utrecht,
and in 1781 was appointed physician of the town
orphanage.
From the Society Servandis civibus at Amster-
dam he gained the gold medal for his reply to the
question : Zijn er braakmiddelen die men in som-
mige gevallen boven de Ipecacuana verzieken moet,
George Rudolph Boehmer, Systematisch-Liter-
aerisches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1786, II.
i. p. 274 (' de lacte humano . . . observatt. chemi-
cae,' Ultraj., 1775).
Goth. Gel. Zeit., St. 39, 1795, S. 832.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 410,
814.
Jonas Wilh. Te Water, Narratio de rebus Aca-
demiae Lugduno-Batavae, seculo octavo et decimo,
prosperis et advents, Lugd. Bat., 1802, 8°, p. 237,
No. Ixxviii.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
Jena u. Leipzig, 1806-08, p. 470.
M. Siegenbeek, Geschiedenis der Leidsche Hooge-
school van hare oprigting in den fare 1575 tot het
Jar 1825, Te Leiden, 1829, i. pp. 318, 323, 348,
424 ; 1832, ii. pp. 225-226 (life), 410-414 (fuller
notes on his life).
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 352.
See HAHNIUS (JOHANNES DAVID).
zoo ja ; welke zijn die middelen, en wanneer komen
zij te pas, printed in the Society's proceedings in
1782. On 17 Jan. , 1784, he was appointed extra-
ordinary professor at Leyden, and opened his
course with an oration : De hodiernae chemiae pre-
tio rite constituendo, and in the same year ordinary
professor with another : De optinio medico. In
1790 when he resigned the rectorship he delivered
a discourse De magnetismo animali, which was
turned into Dutch by the Rotterdam doctor Veirax,
with observations by Voltelen.
He died 2 (3) August, 1795.
After his early death appeared his ' Pharma-
cologia universa,' edited by his friend M. S. Du
Pin, 3rd edition, 1797-1800, which is a monument of
his wide and thorough knowledge. He was a
member of several societies in Holland.
He had adopted the Lavoisierian chemistry,
while fully recognising all that Stahl had done to
advance the science.
J. C. Kobus & W. de Rivecourt, Beknopt
Biographisch Handwoordenboek van Nederland,
Zutphen, 1861, iii. p. 255. (This article is copied
by Van der Aa.)
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1233.
Nederlandsche Tijdschrift van Geneeskunde,
Amst., 1870, 2 R., vi. 2 Afd. 32-39 (by G. C. B.
Suringar).
Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der
Nederlanden, Haarlem (1876), xix. p. 326.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1888, vi.
P. ISO-
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1894, xv. p. 821.
G. C. B. Suringar, Geschiedenis van het geneesk.
onderwijs aan de Leydsche Hoogeschool. (I have not
seen this.)
VOLUMEN de Alchemia.
See ALCHEMIA.
VORLAUFFER.
See KROFFNUNG der Thiire des Koniglichen Pallasts, 1718.
VORM (HOBIUS VANDER).
Atriplex Salsum, vulgo dictum Soutenelle, essentia, viribus, & operationibus
suis primb descriptum : Autore Hobio vander Vorm Urbis Nardensis
VORM— VREES WYK
519
VORM (HoBius VANDER). Continued.
Medico ordinario & Gymnasii Hortensiani ibidem Rectore. Amsterdam!,
Ex officina Johannis a Waesberge, A°. C!D. IDC. LXI.
12°. Pp 12] 94 [2 blank]. Not about chemistry.
He was born at Brouwershaven in Schowen,
4 (i) August, 1628, where his father, Johann
Garst van der Vorm, was baillie, councillor and
burgomaster. After passing through the Latin
school at Zierikzee, he was instructed in Greek by
Abr. Beekman, rector at Flushing. In 1646 he
went to Utrecht for medicine and philosophy, and
in 1651 was capped Master of Arts and Doctor of
Medicine. He became physician of his native
town, but three years after went to Utrecht, where
he stopped for three years, and in 1656 delivered a
discourse in the theological hall on the 'beginning,
progress, and changes in the commerce of spices
from the days of Noah to the present (1651) time.'
Afterwards he was called to Naarden as town-
physician and rector of the Hortensian school. In
1668 he became conrector at Haarlem, and six
months later rector at Hoorn, where with much
honour he spent the rest of his life. The office of
private physician to King William III. he declined
on account of his age. In 1694 he retired and was
succeeded by his son Johannes. He survived till
17 Jan., 1700. He wrote a number of works and
dissertations, but none of them refer to chemistry,
although one or two, like the Pharmacopaea Schal-
diaca and that on Meekrap, deal with pharmacy.
He stood high in the estimation of Jacob Cats,
his cousin by the mother's side, and of Professor
Graevius, with both of whom he carried on a cor-
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 554 (the above book).
Pieter de la Rue, Geletterd Zeeland, verdeeld in
drie Afdeelingen, Te Middelburg, 1734, p. 224.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1746, 1. col. 901.
respondence. He is not to be confused with the
lawyer of the same name who flourished some thirty
or forty years later.
His inaugural discourses were the following :
De Bono Scholae Latinae Rectore Oratioj habita
Nardae . . . cum Scholae Latinae regimen inter-
missis aliquot annis collapsum, ibidem esset red-
integraturus. Trajecti ad Rhenum, MDCLVI., small
4°, PP- W 25 [3].
Oratio inauguralis De Prudentia scholastica ;
habita Harlemi in Aula Principis, ante diem ix
Cal: lun: A.C. clo IDCLXVIII. Postquam illustris
Gymnasii Harlemensis Conrector ibidem publice
renunciatus esset. In Urbe Harlemo, Typographiae
genitrice, ex Officina Abrahami Casteleynij. Anno
1668. Small 4°, sigs. A to C in fours, D2. The
imprint is interesting.
Oratio inauguralis De imprudentia Scholastica
habita Hornas in Choro Templi majoris 5. Kalendas
lanuar. do. ID. C.LXVUI. Postquam iUustris gym-
nasii Hornani Rector ibidem publice renuntiatus
esset. Hornae, Excudebat Cornelius Croock, Typo-
graphus Ordinarius. Anno 1669. Small 4°, pp.
[8] 22 [6].
Presumably this is the dissertation intended by
Zedler, though he seems to have misread the title,
when he calls it : Oratio inauguralis de jurispru-
dentia scholastica.
J. C. Kobus & W. de Rivecourt, Beknopt
Biographisch Handwoordenboek van Nederland,
Zutphen, 1861, iii. p. 268.
Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der
Nederlanden, 1876, xix. p. 363.
VORTREFFLICHER (Ein) Philosophischer Tractat von denen Irrgangen derer
Alchymisten.
See SAMMLUNG unterschiedlicher bewahrter Chymischer Schriften, 1746, p. 335.
VORTREFFLICHER (Ein) Tractat von der warhafftigen Composition des Lapidis
Philosophorum, Theorice & Physice gantz lustig beschrieben. Rogeri Bachonis
de Sole.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 546.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemise, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 546.
VREESWYK (GOOSSEN VAN).
Het Cabinet Der Mineralen, Metalen, en Berg-eerts ; Hare Gangen, en Natuur ;
Ook wat Instrumenten daer toe behooren, om in vremde Gewesten te
gebruiken. Hier is noch by-gevoegt een Uitlegging over de onderste
deelen van de Tafel Hermetis. Kortelijk beschreven, door Goossen van
520 VREESWYK
VREESWYK (GoossEN VAN). Continued.
Vreeswyk, Berg-meester. t' Amsterdam, By Joannes Janssonius van
Waesberge, op't Water. 1670.
8°. Pp. [8] 56. 3 engravings.
Vervolg van't Cabinet der Mineralen, of de Goude Son der Philosophen;
Waer in alle bewerckingen der Metalen en Mineralen, met de gereed-
schappen daer toe dienende, hare Openingen, Verwen, en Tincturen, nevens
verscheide heerlijke Medicijnen, en andere seer nutte konsten, uit eigen
ondervinding aen 't licht gegeven. Door Goossen van Vreeswyk, Berg-
meester. Met veel noodige kopere Platen verciert. 't Amsterdam
gedruckt voor den Autheur, Zijn mede te bekomen by Johannes Janssonius
van Waesberge. 1675.
8°. Pp. [16] 225 (misprinted 325). Index, &c. [15]. Sig. *i, is a short title
with a vignette. 17 engravings.
De Goude Leeuw, of den Asijn der Wysen. Waer in ontallyke heerlyke
Konsten en nutte Verborgentheden ontdekt worden : als de Anima uit
alle Metalen en Mineralen te trekken ; vele ongemeene Medicynen, Schilder-
gout, Brandewynen uit Koorn sonder viese smaeck, uitstekend Blancketsel,
kostelyke Gesteenten, &c. te maken. Alles met eigen handen gewrocht,
en met vele kopere Platen aen den dach gegeven, door Goossen van
Vreeswyk, Berg-meester. t' Amsterdam gedrukt voor den Autheur, Zijn
mede te bekomen by Johannes Janssonius van Waesberge. 1675.
8°. Pp. [16] 246. Table, index [12]. Sig. *i, engraved title with symbols, short
title and date, 1676. 16 engravings in the text. Pp. 177-8 omitted in the pagination.
De Groene Leeuw, of het Licht der Philosophen ; Vertoonende alle Koninklijke
Handelingen in het openen en ontsluiten der Metalen, Mineralen, Vege-
tablische en Animalische saken, het onderkennen van hare Natuur en
Souten, seer dienstig tot vele heerlijke Medicynen, tot verscheide schoone
Verwen en Tincturen, en meer andere nutte voortreffelijke werken der
Konst, uit eigen ondervinding gunstig voorgestelt, door Goossen van
Vreeswyk, Berg-meester. Met vele noodige kopere Platen verciert.
t' Amsterdam gedrukt voor den Autheur, Zijn mede te bekomen by Johannes
Janssonius van Waesberge. 1674.
8°. Pp. [16] 246. Index [10]. Sig. *i, short title with emblematical vignette and
the imprint as above. 17 engravings.
[Another Copy.]
Het Licht der Mane, of Glans der Sonne, waer in gehandelt, wort van de
verborgentheden der overnatuyrlijke dingen, bewerckingen der mineraelsche
:,:
NIV£*S:
VREESWYK
521
VREESWYK (GoossEN VAN). Continued.
Medicijnen, van hare Souten, Verwen, &c. Item van de ware materie der
Oude Wijsen, als mede van de Slagh-roeden, Kooren Brandewijnen ende
meer andere Konsten, ende metallische Labores uyt liefde mede gedeelt.
Door Goosen van Vreeswyck, Berghwercker. Tot Rotterdam, Gedruckt
by Barent van Santbergen, Boeckverkooper op de Beurs. Anno 1678.
8°. Pp. [i6]85. Epilogue, index, &c. [ii].
De Roode Leeuw, of het Sout der Philosophen ; Waer in wonderlijke
Bedenkkingen over het Groote Werk, heerlijk bearbeiden der Metalen en
Mineralen, kostelijke Medicynen, suivere Brandewynen uit allerley Vruchten,
en vele nutte Konsten den Liefhebberen van de Natuur uit eigen
ervarentheit mede gedeelt worden, door Goossen van Vreeswyk, Berg-
meester. Allesins met noodige kopere Platen verciert. t' Amsterdam,
By Pieter Aremsz. Boekverkooper, in de Beurs-straet, in de drie Rapen,
1672.
8°. Pp. [16] 215. Index [9]. Sig. *i, short title, with engraved vignette. 15
curious symbolical engravings.
Silvere Rivier, ofte Konings Fontein. Waar-in ontdekt worden veele
notable Medicijnen der oude Philosophen ook van 't Sout en ^ der
Metalen, ende wat voor krachten der Medicijnen daar-in verborgen zijn ;
als meede het leven en de dood vande Metalen en Mineralen, haar verwen
en tinctuur. Door Goossen van Vreeswyk, Berg-Meester. 's Gravenhage.
By Pieter Haagen, Boekverkoper, woonende op de Hoog-straat, in de Stad
Basel. 1684.
8°. Pp. [24] 132. Index, &c. [ia].
Of Goossen, called by some Georges, van
Vreeswyk, or Vreeswijk, there is no notice extant.
His name is just mentioned by Schmieder, who
quotes De roode Leeuw, De groene Leeuw, De
goude Leeuw ; by Kopp who merely repeats
Schmieder, and Van der Aa.
Creiling calls him a distinguished Dutch chemist
and metallurgist, and quotes him for his account of
the trick played by Monte Snyder on a goldsmith
in Aix-la-Chapelle, (see De Goude Leeuw, p. 6,
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 122.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 148.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1746, L col. 1521
(calls him Goossen von Vreeswick, and quotes only
'Asyn der Wysen,' Amst., 1671, 8°, and 'Cabinet
de Mineralien,' Amst., 1675, 8°, not quite cor-
rectly).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1728. (Jocher says his book has become very
rare. )
sqq.), and Kortum refers to him and the same
story. Soldner, however, puts him among the
"arch liars," and after saying that Glauber filled
the whole world with lies, adds about Vreeswyck
that he has ' seinem Lehr-Meister Glaubero treu-
lich nachgelogen. '
The author of the Beytrag is more reticent, and
merely says that van Vreeswyk has made com-
pilations from Glauber's writings, ' and has con-
tributed little to the elucidation of gold-making.'
Justus van Effen, Hollandscke Spectator, ide
Druk, Amsterdam, 1756, vi. p. ico (in a letter
discussing the difference between the Hippocratic
physicians who went by observation and investi-
gation, and the Paracelsists who claimed to have
their knowledge, not by irksome study, but direct,
by a divine inspiration, there is quoted what
Goossen van Vreeswyk says in his Zilvere Rivier
about his companions in science).
Beytrag tur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 623, 624.
522
VREES WYK— VRTHEIL
VREESWYK (GOOSSEN VAN). Continued.
George Rudolph Boehmer, Systematisch-Liter-
aerisches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1788, IV.
i. p. 36 (Cabinet der Mineralen, Metallen en
Berg-eerts, Amsterd., 1670, 8°).
Johannes van Abkoude, Naamregister van de
bekendste en meest in gebruik zynde Nederduitsche
Boeken, welke sedert hetjaar 1600 tot het jaar 1761
zyn uitgekomen . . . vermeederd door Reinier
Arrenberg, Te Rotterdam, 1788, p. 558. (Licht
der Mane ; gouden leeuw ; Kabinet der Mineralen ;
roode leeuw ; groene leeuw ; zilvere Rivier. )
Kortum verteidiget die Alchimie, Duisburg,
1789, p. 181.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 17.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 430.
De NavorscJier, Amsterdam, 1857, 7de Jaargang,
p. 159, No. 209 (a Dutch alchemist, lived in the
last half of the i7th century and wrote some books
on his subject between 1670 and 1681 which are not
common : doch thans zeldzaam voorkomende ; and
the paragraph concludes with the question : Wie
weet eenige levensberigten van hem mede te deelen ?
signed J. C. K.) ; 1859, 9de Jaargang, p. 67, No.
102. (After quoting J. van Effen's Holl. Spectator,
and enumerating the names of his works copied
from Van Abkoude's Naamregister, the paragraph
concludes with the same question : Zijn er ook
levensberigten van dezen alchymist bekend? As
no answer seems to have been forthcoming, it may
be inferred that nothing is known about his life.)
Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck der
Nederlanden, 1876, xix. p. 425 (calls him Goosen
van Vreeswijk).
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 379.
VRTHEIL.
See URTHEIL.
W.— WAHRE 523
W.
See SCHRODER (F. j. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1772, I. ii. p. i.
W. (D. J.).
See WALCHIN (DOROTHEA JULIANA).
W. (G.).
Geheimes und Verborgenes Chymisches Laboratorium, in welchem Anleitung
gegeben wird, wie man durch gantz besondere, der Welt unbekannte und
verborgene Arbeiten zu der hochsten Gliickseligkeit gelangen konne, ein
wahrer Philosophus und Adeptus zu werden, der als ein Konig und Priester
in denen lieblichen Wohnungen Gottes Das Urim und Thummim, oder
verlohrne Licht und Recht wieder finden, folglich den, in seinem Lichte
verborgenen, wahren, lebendigen und Majestatischen Gott recht erkennen,
und in einen vertraulichen Umgang mit demselben gerathen konne. Dem
heiligen und verborgenen Gott zu Ehren, denen Stillen im Lande aber zu
einer Aufmunterung entdecket durch G. W. M.D. Anno M DCC XXXIX.
8°. Pp. [16] 78. Two pages of music at the end.
Mystical or religious alchemy.
W. (G. H.).
See BLANCART (STEPHEN), Neuscheinende Praxis der Medicin, 1700.
W. (J.).
See FUNF Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein.
WACHTLER QOHANN CONRAD).
See WECHTLER (JOHANN CONRAD).
WAGNER (GEORG WILHELM).
See THARSANDER.
WAHRE Handgriffe, das subtile und fliichtige Gold, so in den Kieselsteinen,
Sand, rothen und schwarzen Talksteinen, fettigen Erden und andern
metallischen Steinen enthalten, leicht und mit Nutzen herauszuziehen.
524 WAHRE—WAHRHAFTE
WAHRE Handgriffe, Etc. Continued.
Sammt der kostbaren Gold-Tinctur. Deutlich beschrieben und wortgetreu
nach einer alten Handschrift fur Freunde dieser Wissenschaft als Manu-
script gedruckt.
Without date, place, and printer's name.
Small square 8". Pp. 61 [3 blank]. Enclosed in a separate paper wrapper, with
the title printed outside. It is of date about the middle of last century, and may have
been issued by Scheible.
WAHREN (Eines) Adepti besondere Geheimnisse von der Alchymie, 1757.
See H. (c. G.).
WAHREN (Der) Chymischen Weisheit Offenbahrung.
See CHYMIPHILUS (j. j.).
WAHRER (Bin) Verehrer der Wahrheit.
See SCHREIBEN an den Gold-begierigen Liebhaber der Chymie und Alchymie,
1770.
WAHRHAFFTE (Eine) und einfaltige Aufslegung . . .
See WARHAFFTE (Eine) und einfaltige Aufslegung . . .
WAHRHAFFTER und in der Natur gegriindeter Bericht von der Generation
und Regeneration der Metallen.
See c. (H. d.).
WAHRHAFFTER und gerechter Process vom Liquore Alcahest und der
Tinctur.
See CHYMISCHES LUST-GARTLEIN, 1747, p. IOI.
WAHRHAFFTIGE vnd Augenscheinliche Erklarung aller Particularitaten, wie
auch aller furnembsten Handtgrififen vnd Vortheilen, so zu rechter Bereytung
des wahren Philosophischen Steins requirirt vnd erfordert werden.
See KIESER (FRANCISCUS), Cabala chemica, 1606, p. 375.
This is also called Azot Philosophorum Solificatum and is by Georgius CLETTUS.
WAHRHAFTE (Die) und vollkommene Bereitung des Philosophischen Steins,
der Briiderschaft aus dem Orden des Gulden- und Rosen-Creutzes. Darinne
die Materie zu diesem Geheimnifs, mit seinem Namen genennet, auch die
Bereitung vom Anfang bis zu Ende mit alien Handgriffen gezeiget ist.
Dabey angehanget die Gesetze oder Regeln, welche die gedachte Briider-
schaft unter sich halt, denen Filiis Doctrinae zum Besten publiciret von
S. R. Nebst einem Nutz-bringenden und gewissen Particular, welches als
ein Vortrab der nachfolgenden, und von dem Editore selbst gearbeiteten
Experimenten, am Ende dieses Traktats zur Probe folget, aus gut-meinendem
Herzen den armen Suchenden geschenket.
See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 5790, iv. p. I.
S. R. is Sincerus Renatus, that is Samuel RICHTER.
WAHRHAFTIGE— WALCHlN
WAHRHAFTIGE (Eine) Lehre der Filosofie, von Gebahrung der Metalle und
ihrem rechten Beginne.
See SCHRODER (F. j. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1773, II. i. p. 345.
WAHRHEIT.
See REINE Hermetische Wahrheit.
WAHRHEIT des Goldmachens.
See ERLAUTERTE . . . Wahrheit des Goldmachens, 1767.
WALCH (JOANNES).
Commentaria.
See GRASSHOFF (jOHANN).
Joannes Walch, or Walchius, of Schorndorff, merely a pseudonym of Grasshoffs, that the latter
wrote a commentary on the anonymous tract : himself wrote the commentary, and that he died
'Der kleine Bauer,' which is ascribed to Johann in 1623. The Beytrag is not at all complimentary,
GRASSHOFF. By several authorities they are kept and considers that Walch wasted his time on an
distinct, but no information is afforded about author who was not an adept.
Walch, whereas Jb'cher affirms that Walch is
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 223. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelekrten- Lexicon, 1750, ii.
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der col. 1134.
Scheide-JCunst, 1702, p. 121 ('Ertz-Lugen' is the Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
judgment on the commentary). pp. 527, 618.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1747, lii. col. 1108 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 625.
(merely quotes 'Der kleine Bauer,' Strafsburg,
1658, 8").
WALCHIN (DOROTHEA JULIANA).
Das Mineralische Gluten, Doppelter Schlangen-Stab, Mercurius Philosophorum,
langer und kurtzer Weg zur Universal-Tinctur. Deutlich und klarlich
entdecket und angewiesen durch D. I. W. von Weimar aus Thiiringen.
Leipzig, In Verlegung Job. Heinichens Wittwe, 1705.
8°. Pp. 118.
[Another Copy.]
Schliissel zu dem Cabinet der geheimen Schatz-Kammer der Natur, zur
Such- und Findung des Steins der Weisen, durch Fragen und Antwort
gestellet. Verfertiget und der Welt gezeiget durch D. I. W. von Weimar
aus Thiiringen. Leipzig, Verlegts Johann Heinichs Witwe, 1706.
8°. Pp. 288.
[Another Copy.]
I. Das Mineralische Gluten, Doppelter Schlangen-Stab, Mercurius Philo-
sophorum, langer und kurtzer Weg zur Universal-Tinctur. Deutlich und
klarlich entdecket und angewiesen durch D. I. W. von Weimar aus Thiir-
ingen. Franckfurt und Leipzig, Verlegts Georg Christoph Wintzer. 1722.
8°. Pp. 88. Folding leaf with a diagram extra.
II. Der Philosophische Perl-Baum, das Gewachse der drey Principien, zu
deutlicher Erklarung des Steins der Weisen, wie er mit seinen Wurtzeln
526
WALCHIN—WALD
WALCHIN (DOROTHEA JULIANA). Continued.
in der aussern und finstern Welt, mit seiner Bliithe aber in der Paradiesischen-
und Licht-Welt, und mit seiner reiffen Frucht in der Englischen und
Himmlischen Welt stehet und wachset. Beschrieben durch D. I. W.
von Weimar aus Thiiringen. Franckfurt und Leipzig, Verlegts Georg
Christoph Wintzer. 1722.
8°. Pp. 150.
[Another Copy.]
III. Schliissel zu dem Cabinet der geheimen Schatz-Kammer der Natur, zu
Such- und Findung des Steins der Weisen, durch Fragen und Antwort
gestellet, verfertiget und der Welt gezeiget durch D. I. W. von Weimar
aus Thiiringen. Franckfurt und Leipzig, Verlegts Georg Christoph
Wintzer, 1722.
8°. Pp. 224.
Grosser Universal Procefs.
See PLEIADES Philosophies Rosianae, 1738, p. 47.
According to Ladrague (No. 1338), a collected
edition of the tracts was published at Frankfurt
and Leipzig, in 1763, 8°, pp. 464, in which the
pagination runs on, though each tract has a title-
page.
Petraeus interprets the initials D. I. W. as stand-
ing for Dorothea Juliana Wallichin, a lady of
whom mention is made in the little book, ' Mer-
curius Metallicus Coronatus,' which I regret I have
not been able to consult. Zedler calls her a female
well skilled in chemistry, and quotes only the first
of the above works : ' Das Mineralische Gluten,
. . . 1705.' Fictuld writes her name Dorothea
Juliana Walchin, and Schmieder uses the form
Dorothea Juliane Wallich, in which he is followed
by Kopp, who adds— on what authority I do not
know — that she was the daughter of an adept,
Kopp quotes an edition of the ' Philosophischer
Perlbaum,' Leipzig, 1705. But in the Beytrag
the name given is Dorotheus Julius Wai-
lichin. Gmelin contracts it to Doroth. Jul.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1747, lii. col. 1107.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 145.
Fr. Basilii Valentini . . . Chymische Schriften,
ed. Petraeus, 6th ed. 1769, i. Neue Vorrede, sig.
f i verso.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 649, 660.
Wallichin, which might pass for either, but as
he speaks of "seinem Mineralischen Gluten," he
evidently considers that the author was a man.
From the phraseology employed in the PLEIADES
Philosophies Rosianae, it would appear that the
author was actually a man.
If this be so, then the account given by Fictuld
must be all wrong, or, as he himself would say, it
must consist " in lahren einbildungen und Sophis-
tischen Betriegereyen. " He criticises the lady's
works with great severity, applying to them his
favourite phrases, ' ertz-sophistisch ' and ' arg-
chimistisch,' declaring that they ought to be
burned, and warning people against them. The
author, or authoress, seems to have lighted on a
cobalt mineral, and the red solution which was
got was supposed to be the much sought for
'first matter. The result was a great demand
for the said mineral, something like that for
pitch-blende at the moment. Of the author,
whether male or female, I have found no notice.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Cfiemie, 1798, ii. p. 320.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 513.
Ladrague, BibliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes,
1870, Nos. 1333-1338.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 364, 379.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p. 258
(calls her the daughter of an adept.)
WALD (GEORG AM UND VOM).
Kurtzer Bericht, wie, was gestalt vnd warvmb das Panacea am Waldina, als
ein einige Medicin, wider den Aussatz, Frantzosen, Zauberische Zustandt,
Pestilentz, Gifft, Gewalt Gottes, kleinen Schlag, Freyfs, hinfallende Sucht,
Beraubung der Vernunfft, Vnsinnigkeit, Podagra, Contractur, Wassersucht,
Schwindsucht, schwartze Gelbsucht, viertaglich vnd allerley Fieber, Seitten-
stechen oder Geschweren, new Haupt oder Vngerisch Kranckheit, Wiirm,
Durchbriichen, Grimmen, Mutterbeschwernussen, Harnwindt, Griefs, Stein,
Fistel, Krebs, Wolff, vnd allerhand eusserlich vnd jnnerlichen, auch vnwis-
WALD 527
WALD (GEORG AM UND VOM). Continued.
senden vnd vnerkannten Kranckheiten, so man bifs anhero fur heylbar
vnd vnheylbar gehalten, wie die mogen Namen haben, vnd also zu Reinigung,
Restaurirung vnd Renouirung defs gantzen Leibs, ohn Verletzung vn Ver-
zehrung defs Radicalis humoris oder Natiirlichen Feuchtigkeit, auch ohn
Schmertzen, Stuelgang, Oben aufsbrechen vnd Schweifs, auffs aller niitzlichst,
erspriefslichst vnd fiirtraglichst vermittelst Gottlicher Gnaden in gar kleinen
vnglaublichen Gewicht, nach weifs vnd art defs Lapidis Philosophic! vnd
der Vralten wahren Medicorum vnd Philosophorum, anzuwenden seye, vnd
also menniglich an dieser einigen Artzeney allein ein recht Vniuersal,
aufserwehlt, annemblich, fiirbindig, vnschadlich, vollkomlich, und furstandiges
Mittel, vnd gantze Apotecken haben, vnd nicht allein sich selbst, sender
auch andere ohn einiges Doctors Rath vnd Zuthuung curiren konne. Zu
Nutz vnd Frommen Armen vnd Reichen an Tag gegeben. Durch
den Edlen, Ehrnvesten vnd Hochgelehrten Herren, Georgen am vnd
vom Wald, der Rechten Licentiaten, Philosophise vnd beyder Artzeneyen
Doctorem, An jetzo zu Schwabach zwo Meylen von Niirnberg gelegen, im
Hochloblichen MarggrafFenthumb Quoltzbach wohnendt.
Syrach 12. Ein falsch Hertz, was er gutes sihet, deutet er auffs
argest, vnd das aller beste schandet er auffs hohest.
Mit Rom. Keys. Mayt. Freyheit, auff zehen Jar nicht nach zu drucken
begnadet. Gedruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn, durch Nicolaum Bassseum.
M.D.XCII.
4°. Ff. 92. Title red and black.
As this book first appeared in 1591, small 4°, the present day. Wald must have taken some
ff. 51, title red and black, a short comparison of it trouble to get his collection together.
with that of 1592 may be given, since copies are It was again enlarged and published at Ursel.
rare. Besides some minute typographical differ- The title exhibits some variations : Kurtzer vnd
ences in the main part of the title which show that zum andernmal gemehrter Bericht, Wie, was
it was reset for the 1592 issue, there are others. Gestalt vnd wanimb das Panacea am Waldina, . . .
The book is said to have been written : 4 Durch . . . anzuwenden seye, . . . Durch . . . Georgen am
Georgen am Wald . . . An jetzo bestelten Physi- vnd vom Wald, auff Dlirrnhoff, . . . An jetzo auff
cum defs Heiligen Reichs Statt Thonawerdt.' It seinem Schlofs zum Durrnhoff, ein meyl von der
wants the Imperial privilege, and Bassaeus' imprint Reichs Statt Dunckelspiill gelegen, wohnendt.
is in red. On the reverse is a coat of arms en- [Motto.] Gedrucktzu Vrsel, ImJanrM.D.XCIIII.
titled : Insignia Am VValdiorum, and below : 1591. 4°, ff. [4] I24- Title red and black ; verso, coat of
Ff. 2-3 contain the dedication and 'Vermahnung arms as in the 1592 edition; A2, dedication; A3,
an die Miifsgonster," and ff. 4-9, 'Varia Doctorum Vermahnung . . . ; A3 verso and A4, Anhang.
Testimonial Ff. 9 verso-si, contain the 'Wahrer V. i, Von der Gestalt . . . des Panaceas am Wal-
Bericht vom Panacea am Waldina'; f. .151 verso dinaa ; f. 45, Varia Doctorum Testimonia, in Latin,
has the colophon : Gedruckt zu Franckfurt am prose and verse ; f. 73 verso, Testimonia, in Ger-
Mayn, durch Martin Lechlern, in Verlegung man ; f. 124 verso, errata and colophon : Gedruckt
Nicolai Bassaei [Device of Fortune]. Im Jahr zu Vrsel, durch Nicolaum Henricum Im Jahr
MDXCI. M.D.XCIIII.
The edition of 1592 has the title as above. On An edition of Stuttgart, 1601, is aJso reported,
the verso is the coat of arms, entitled : Insignia Georg am and vom Wald or Amwald, here calls
antiqua Am VValdinorum ; there is no date, but himself licentiate in law, and doctor of philosophy
at the bottom the motto : Virtus in infirmitate per- and medicine, but he is described as a notorious
ficitur. Ff. 2-3, the dedication and ' Vermahnung empiric in the last quarter of the sixteenth century,
an die Miifsgonster'; ff. 4-46, 'Wahrer Bericht who tried to practise at Augsburg, but when, in
vom Panacea am Waldina'; ff. 46-52, 'Varia 1583, as Schroeckius narrates, he declined to fur-
Doctorum Testimonia,' as in the 1591 edition ; nish satisfactory proofs of his licence and to
but from 52 to the end the 'Testimonia' all re- undergo a public examination by the doctors, he
fer to the Panacea and are written by persons with his panacea was ordered to quit the city,
who had obtained benefit from it. They are the He made some stir with his terra sigillata and
sixteenth century equivalents of the field and Panacea Amwaldina, the virtues and universality
newspaper-letter advertisements of panaceas of of which are set forth in the preceding title.
His views landed him in a controversy with
528
IVALD— WALLERIUS
WALD (GEORG AM UND VOM). Continued.
Libavius, who criticised him in his ' Gegenbericht
von der Panacea Amwaldina,' Franckf., 1595, 4°,
pp. [20] 189 [i], and other writings. To Libavius
he wrote some violent replies : Responsum ad Andr.
Libauii Galenicorum placitorum proecones, Neo-
paracelsica rfperiff/jM/ra. deliramenta, & impuden-
tissimas calumnias panacea Amwaldina, Francof.,
1595, 8° ; Glossema in epistolam Libavianam
abhinc quinquennio de Panacea Amwaldina scrip-
Draudius, Bibliotheca Classica, 1625, p. 966.
Lucas Schrockius, Hygea Augustana, seu Me-
moria secularis Collegii Medici Augustani. Scripta
. . . A.O.R. M.DC.LXXXII. . . . Augusts-
Vindelicorum, 4°, sig. 03 recto ; and also appended
to Jacobus Brucker's Historia Vitae Adolphorum
Occonum . . ., Lipsiae, 1734, 4°, p. 116.
Bibliotheca Riviniana, 1727, p. 513.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce,
1732, p. 149.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 904-
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1747, lii. col. 1197.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1779.
WALLERIUS (JOHAN GOTSKALK).
See HIERNE (URBAN), 1753.
Wallerius was born n July, 1709, in a district
called Nerke, lying on the Helmersee, full of silver,
sulphur and iron mines. His forebears had been
there for a couple of hundred years, and his father,
who died in 1739, had been preacher at Stora and
other places. His two senior brothers also went
into the church, the elder of them becoming pro-
fessor of logic and metaphysics at Upsala.
After making marked progress in the languages,
Wallerius at the age of 14 went to the gymnasium
at Stergnaess, in Siidermannland, and at the end
of two years accompanied his brothers to the
University of Upsala in 1725. There, for four
years, he devoted his attention to mathematics, as
the foundation of other sciences, and in 1729 gave
a proof of his attainments in a dissertation which
he delivered. He next took up philosophy, and
read the works of Wolff and Leibnitz, and, in 1730,
when he was 21, sustained a thesis 'De methodo
scientifico,' and graduated as master of arts.
He now turned to medicine, and in 1731 defended
a thesis with so much distinction that he was elected
in 1732 ' Adjunct ' of the Medical Faculty at
Lund. Here in 1733 he delivered lectures on
physics, physiology, and mathematics, in summer
he took a trip to Copenhagen and saw the museum,
botanic garden, and the royal castle, and made the
acquaintance of many learned men. The following
year business took him to Upsala, to which he
journeyed by Stockholm, and at the beginning of
the next year returned by Nykopping, Norkopping,
Lindkopping, carefully taking note of everything of
interest. In 1735, under Professor von Dobeln, he
read and sustained a dissertation for the degree
ofM.D.
Shortly after this Wallerius resigned his appoint-
ment and removed to Upsala, where he was chosen
secretary of the Medical Faculty, and gave lectures
on various parts of medicine. He engaged also in
practice, especially among those who frequented the
mineral springs near Upsala, of which he besides
wrote a special description.
tarn, Rorschachii, 1596, 4°. For these and others,
see Boehmer.
His other tract is as follows : Bericht und
Erklarung, wie und was Gestalt das neu von ihm
erfundene Terra sigillata zu gebrauchen. Zu St.
Gallen, by L. Straub, 1582, 4°, pi. 3 ; enlarged,
Stutgart, 1601, 4°. A copy of the 1601 edition is
given by Billings, Stutgart, M. Forster, 4°, i p.
1., 72 pp., 2 1.
Jon. Gottl. Wilh. Dunkel, Historisch-Critische
Nachrichten von verstorbenen Gelehrten, Cothen,
J7S7 (I76o)> HI- iy- P- 869, No. 2970.
Matthise, Conspectus Historice Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 363.
George Rudolph Boehmer, Systematisch-Liter-
aerisches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, . . .
Leipzig, 1788, Vierter Theil, i. p. 187 (his books,
and Libavius' replies).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 288-
289.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 93.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1884, i. p. 133.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 18.
His liking for chemistry and mineralogy had
meanwhile increased, and led to his making a
mineral collection and fitting up a laboratory,
where a good many students learned chemical
manipulation and mineralogy.
In 1739 he was elected assessor in the Royal
Medical College at Stockholm, and was made
Adjunct of the Medical Faculty at Upsala, gave
with renewed energy lectures on chemistry, metal-
lurgy, and materia medica, and took over part of
the work of Rosen, who had gone to Stockholm as
the King's physician. In 1742 he too received a
call to Stockholm, and in 1747 to Abo, but he re-
mained at Upsala; on 10 July, 1748, he was received
into the Academia Naturaj Curiosorum, under the
name Philetes II., and in 1749 (1750) was elected a
member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,
of which he was president from April to June, 1783.
He was also a member of the scientific societies of
Upsala, Lund, and St. Petersburg. In 1760 he
was appointed public professor of chemistry, metal-
lurgy, and pharmacy, at Upsala, with a seat and
voice in the Philosophical Faculty, which no one
before him had possessed. His address on this
occasion was entitled : Pri vilegia civitatis Academicas
pleno jure chemica data esse atque concessa, and
through his influence a complete laboratory for
public use was erected. In the year 1754 he visited
the mines in Sweden, and investigated every detail
which was likely to be of use to him in his work.
Later in life he suffered from deafness, in
spite of which he continued to discharge his
duties. He resigned his chair in 1767, was made
knight of the order of Vasa, lived in learned leisure,
and died 16 Nov., 1785.
He introduced a system of natural classification
of minerals, applied chemistry with considerable
success to agriculture, and made numerous investi-
gations into the composition of mineral, vegetable,
and animal substances. He was a voluminous
writer, and his works and papers were composed in
Swedish and Latin, but were translated into other
languages.
WALLERIUS— WARNUNG
529
WALLERIUS (JOHAN GOTSKALK). Continued.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. von
Haller, 1751, i. pp. 102, 107, 424 ; ii. pp. 1010,
1015, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1062.
Biichner, Academics . . . Natura Curiosorum
Historia, 1755, p. 513, No. 554.
Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, v. p. 382.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. pp. 319-
320.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 503
(De Unguento nardino pretioso, Upsal., 1764).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 292,
778.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 59.
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichfe, 1785, I. i.
pp. 161, 178, 184, 300 ; 1786, I. ii. pp. 14, 345, 358,
377, 379, 762 ; 1786, II. i. pp. 84, 144 ; 1787, III.
i. pp. 36, 414, 426, 432, 450, 473, 493, 591 (agri-
cultural chemistry); III. ii. p. 606; 1788, IV. i.
pp. 6 (mineral systems), 9 (Diss. de Mose miner -
alogo et chymico summo, Resp. Hoyer, Vpsal.,
1762, 4.), 51 (Mineralogia, &c.), 153, 154, 156, 167,
197, 208, 240, 272, 324, 357, 363, 382, 412 (on
nitre) ; 1789, IV. ii. pp. 59, 130, 145, 157, 159, 160,
185, 198, 204, 211, 245 (geological papers), 270,
272, 302, 319, 372, 393 (Diss. de Virgula divina-
toria, Resp. Ahibom. Vps., 1764, 4.), 401 (assaying);
1789, v. pp. 8, 17, 25, 49, 67, 387.
Carl Joseph Bougine^ Handbuch der allgemeinen
Litterargeschichte, 1791, iv. 76 (translation of his
mineral system by Joh. Dan. Denso, 1750, 8°),
391 ('Chemistry of Agriculture,' translated by 1855, pp. 583,620.
°
700. 701, 704, 705, 712, 718, 745 ; 1799, iii. pp. 3-4,
19, 56, 58, 321, 833.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 49, 90, 125, 126,
161.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 286 (note on his life), 294, 299, 301,
306, 309, 312, 313, 327, 328, 335, 338, 341, 351,
357, 35.9, 363, 47 i, 4»5-
Shering Rosenhane, Anteckningar horande till
Kongl. Vetensk. Akademiens Historia, Stockholm,
1811, pp. 167, 251, 464, 511.
F. C. G. Hirsching, Historisch-litlerarisches
Handbuch beriihmter und denkwitrdiger Personen,
•welche in dem achtzehnten Jahrhundert gelebt haben,
Leipzig, 1813, XV. ii. pp. 300-307.
Biographie Me'dicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 460.
Biographie Universelle, 1827, 1. p. 127; no date,
xliv. p. 280.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, V.
i. pp. 34, 60, 63.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, "• P- 433 !
1869, ii. p. 426.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. pp. 46,
132, 244; 1845, iii. pp. 142, 258, 259, 290; 1847,
iv. pp. 42, 78, no, 157, 178, 310.
Biographiskt Lexicon ofver namnkunnige Sven-
ska man, 1852, xix. pp. 275-277.
Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, ii.
P- 367-
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
Kriiniz, 1764, 8°), 411 (his mineral system, synopsis
by Leske, 1781, 8°| ; 1792, v. pp. 56 (life and
works), 62 (his ' Physical Chemistry,' 1775-76, 1780).
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literdr-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, §316, p. 411.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 360,
383, 455, 566-568 (his chief researches), 693, 694,
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1252.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 29.
J. F. Sackten, Sveriges Ldkare Historia ifran
Konung Gustav I. till ndrvarande Tid. (I have
not seen this.)
WALLICHIN (DOROTHEA JULIANA).
See WALCHIN (DOROTHEA JULIANA).
WALTHERUS (MARTINUS).
See HORST (GREGORIUS), Problematum Medicorum
quinque, 1608.
decades priores
WARHAFFTE (Eine) und einfaltige Aufslegung der Schrifften aller Philosophen.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 264.
WARNUNG, Instrvction vnd Beweifs, gegen alle die, so dafs Aurum potabile
ausserhalb des Procefs vnd preparation Tinctur des vniuersals Lapidis
Philosophici, sich selbst vnd anderen falschlich & sinistre in wenig zeit
solchs per se zuuerfertigen vnd zubereiten persuadiren vnd furnemen.
Durch einen Sophie Laboris Studiosum, den wahren Filijs Doctrinae zu
guttem, breuiter describirt vnd an tag geben. Gedruckt zu Collen, Bey
Peter, von Brachel vnder Guldenwagen, Anno 1607.
IT.
8°. Pp. 47 [i blank].
2 L
530 WARNUNG— WA SSERSTEIN
WARNUNG, etc. Continued.
This is the first appearance of the tract which sophia Salomonis. In the Beytrag the author is
was included in the later editions of the "Little called Franz Krelle, or Krellen.
Countryman " : Aperta Area . . . and Philo-
Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. n. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 148. p. 607.
See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Aperta Area Arcani Artificiossimi, 1687, p. 202.
See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Philosophia Salomonis, 1753, p. 177.
See ADMONITIO. Instructio et probatio contra omnes eos, qui Aurum potabile
extra processum et tincturam Lapidis Philosophic! universalis brevi temporis
spatio praeparare sibi et aliis falso persuadent & sibi proponunt.
WARNUNGS-VERM AHNUN G.
See TREUHERTZIGE Warnungs-Vermahnung.
WARNUNGS-VORREDE wider die Betriiger, welche ein Anonymus A. 1670.
und A. 1691. in Hamburg des Johannis Ticinensis, Anthonii de Abbatia,
und Edovardi Kellsei Chymischen Schrifften vorgesetzet hat.
See DREY VORTREFFLICHE . . . Chymische Biicher, 1670, p. 3.
See TETZEN (JOHANN VON), . . . Chymische Biicher, 1691, p. 3.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii.
p. 561.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 612.
WARUM gelangen nur wenige Menschen zum Meisterstiick der koniglichen
Kunst? Eine Frage beantwortet von einem achten Maurer.
See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1782, i. p. 13.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Oitvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 588.
WASSER.
See AUSERLESENER (Ein) herrlicher Tractat von dem Philosophischen Wasser,
1697, 1772.
WASSERMANN (CARL PAUL).
Philosophisch Guldene Quelle der Natur und Kunst, das ist, ein wahrer und
kurtzer Unterricht, wie der Lapis Philosophorum beschaffen, woraus und
wie er prsepariret werden konne, herausgegeben von Carl Paul Wassermann.
Med. & Chymise Cultor. Erlangen, bey Johann Caspar Miiller, 1751.
8°. Pp. [22] 42,
WASSERSTEIN der Weisen.
See SIEBMACHER (JOHANN AMBROS1US).
There is an edition, dated 1703, identical with that of 1704 mentioned under Siebmacher.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 118.
WEBER— WEBSTER 531
WEBER (JAKOB ANDREAS).
Entdeckte chemische Geheimnisse. Ein hinterlassenes Werk von J. A. Weber,
Neuwied, bey J. L. Gehra. 1793.
8°. Pp. 224.
Weber (1741 — 12 Jan., 1792) was a doctor of Vollstandige theoretische und praktischeAbhand-
medicine and Hofrath, lived at Tubingen, Vienna, lung von dem Salpeter und der Zeugen desselben,
and finally at Grub near Coburg, where he was nebst einer Abhandlung von der Gahrung, 1779,
engaged in the manufacture of prussian blue. 8°.
He occupied himself with technical processes and Physikalisch-chemische Untersuchung der thier-
the production of various salts, and published ischen Feuchtigkeiten, Tubingen, 1781, 8°.
monographs thereon and a magazine for chemists Neu-entdekte Natur und Eigenschaft des Kalkes
and pharmacists. The present work is about the und der azenden Korper, Berlin, 1778.
preparation of sal ammoniac on the large scale, Monath-Schrift von niitzlichen und neuen Erfahr-
and there are a few short articles on prussian ungen aus dem Reiche der Scheidekunst und
blue, &c. andern Wissenschaften, 1773, 8°. The first month
Other works by him are the following : of this journal was reviewed by Beckmann. It
Kurze Anweisung fur einen Anfanger der Apo- contained a paper on the Mercurius animatus of
thekerkunst und Chemie, Tubingen, 1779, 8° ; 2nd Orschall.
edit., Ibid., 1785.
Beckmann, Physikalisch-okonomische Bibliothek, 294, 306, 618, 619, 625, 634, 659, 724, 798, 819,
Gottingen, 1774, iv. p. 96. 839, 843, 857, 860, 862, 863, 871, 880, 885. 888,
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 64. 893, 894, 898, 910, 912, 920, 933, 954, 955 (Gmelin
Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon calls him ' Joh. Andr.').
der jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1784, Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
4e Ausg. , iv. p. 145; Nachtrag, 1786, i. p. 683; 25), vii. p. 470.
1788, iii. p. 385 ; 1791, iv. p. 790 ; 1795, V. ii. pp. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
504, 630. worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1271.
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch- Liter aer- Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1785, 4- >• den Aerzte oiler Zeiten und Volker, 1888, vi. p.
p. 141 ; 1786, I. ii. pp. 369 (elements of chemistry), 208 (article by Pagel).
374. 73°. 743; 1786, II. i. p. 119; 1788, IV. i. pp. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1896, xli. p.
242, 392, 417. 305 (by C. Oppenheimer).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp.
WEBSTER (JOHN).
Metallographia : Or, An History of Metals. Wherein is declared the signs
of Ores and Minerals both before and after digging, the causes and manner
of their generations, their kinds, sorts, and differences ; with the description
of sundry new Metals, or Semi-Metals, and many other things pertaining
to Mineral Knowledge. As also, The handling and shewing of their
Vegetability, and the discussion of the most difficult Questions belonging
to Mystical Chymistry, as of the Philosophers Gold, their Mercury, the
Liquor Alkahest, Aurum potabile, and such like. Gathered forth of the
most approved Authors that have written in Greek, Latine, or High-
Dutch ; with some Observations and Discoveries of the Author himself.
By John Webster Practitioner in Physick and Chirurgery.
Qui principia naturalia in seipso ignoraverit, hie jam multum remotus
est ab arte nostra, quoniam non habet radicem veram supra quam
intentionem suam fundet.
Geber. Sum. perfect. I. c. i, p. 21.
Sed non ante datur telluris operta subire,
Auricomos quam quis discerpserit arbore foetus.
Virg. ^Eneid. 1. 6.
London, Printed by A. C. for Walter Kettilby at the Bishops-head in
Duck-lane. MDCLXXI.
4°. Pp. [16] 388. 2 pp. of advertisements.
532
WEBSTER
WEBSTER (JOHN). Continued.
As an illustration of the method of dealing with
mineralogy and metallurgy in the seventeenth
century, this book is interesting, and it displays
considerable knowledge and wide reading. It was
favourably noticed by Morhof, and there are re-
views of it in the Philosophical Transactions and
Journal des Sfavans.
John Webster, or Johannes Hyphantes, as he
called himself, was born at Thornton on the Hill,
in the parish of Coxwold, in Yorkshire, 3 Feb.,
1610. He studied theology, possibly at Cambridge,
and medicine, and was ordained in 1632. In 1643
he was in a school at Clitheroe. Then he acted as
chaplain and surgeon in the parliamentary army,
and at the end of the war was placed in the vicar-
age of Mitton in Yorkshire, where he was in 1654.
In 1653, he published ' The Saints Guide,' and in
the year following ' The Judgement set and the
Books opened,' 4", and ' Academiarum Examen,'
4°, in which he reviews the condition of the Uni-
versities and makes suggestion for their improve-
ment. His opinions involved him in various
controversies, and amongst these was one with the
Rev. Thomas Jolly or Jollie, though the theme is
not specified. It is not surprising they did not
agree even then, for at a subsequent period when
Webster had detected the Pendle Forest witchcraft
imposture, Jolly believed in and vindicated Richard
Dugdale, the Surey Demoniack, as he was styled.
In 1657 Webster was at Clitheroe, and had
begun his work on mining and metallurgy. His
knowledge of chemistry he had acquired when
young, from John Huniades, a Hungarian alchem-
ist who lived in Whitechapel, and he evidently had
profited by the instruction he had received. His
book was published in 1671, and though other
editions are enumerated : London, Waller, 1661 ;
ibid. Kettilby, 1670, 4° ; ibid. 1676, 4°, I have not
been able to confirm their existence. In 1677
appeared his other important work in folio : ' The
Displaying of Supposed Witchcraft,' but though
Kurtze Fragen aus der Kirchen Historic des
Neuen Testaments, viii. Theil, p. 650. (I have
not seen this.)
Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione ad . . .
Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. n.
Will. Cooper, A Catalogue of Chymicall Books,
1675, part i. sig. R$ verso (reference only to the
edition of 1671).
Journal des Sfavans, 1678, vi. p. 291 (review of
' Metallographia').
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis philosophica, 1682,
11. p. 919 a.
Philosophical Transactions, Oxford, 1684, Dec.
12, 1670, No. 66, pp. 2034-2036.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 124, 169 ('Witchcraft'), 191
(about Erastus), 595 (' Metallographia'), 596, 597,
598.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheces metallica,
1732, p. 150.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 402 (II. lib. ii.
p. 2, c. 29, § 4).
Kurtze Nachricht von den BUchern und deren
Urhebern in der Stollischen Bibliothec, 1734, Der
Dritte Theil, pp. 267, 275 (about his ' Witchcraft ').
Jphann Georg Walch, Historische und Theo-
logische Einleitung in die Religions-Streitigkeiten,
welche sonderlich ausser der Evangelisch- Luther-
ischen Kirche entstanden, Jena, 1734, iii. p. 941
(seems to disapprove of his views on the witchcraft
question).
a well reasoned and sensible attack on that mis-
belief, it did not stem the tide of popular super-
stition and cruelty, while odium was heaped on
the author by Glanvill and Henry More.
He died 18 June, 1682, and was buried in the
church of St. Mary Magdalen at Clitheroe. His
epitaph is given by Whitaker. His library, valued
at .£400, was stocked with chemical, hermetical
and philosophical works, and he had also a
museum or Cabinet of Curiosities. Webster was
a man of great erudition, being skilled in Hebrew,
Greek and Latin, French, German and Italian,
of untiring industry as his books show, and was
possessed probably of as good a knowledge of
practical medicine as was going at the time. 'A
dextrous and versatile man,' says Whitaker, 'who,
by the joint help of medicine and theology, was
able to keep his head above water through all the
changes of those tempestuous days.'
Though a declared sceptic about witchcraft, he
was in love with astrology, alchemy, Rosicrucian-
ism and mysticism.
Watt distinguishes between Webster, author of
the ' Saint's Guide,' and Webster, author of ' Metal-
lographia' and 'Witchcraft.' Lowndes, followed
by Allibone, assigns the books on ' Metals ' and
on ' Witchcraft ' to two different Websters appar-
ently. This is a mistake ; for in the preface to
the ' Witchcraft, ' the author refers to his book on
' Metals.' There seems, further, to be no reason
for distinguishing the 'Chaplain in the Army'
from the present writer on ' Metals,' as is done in
the British Museum Catalogue.
But he is different from John Webster the dra-
matist, who lived some years earlier. The subject
has been discussed by the Rev. A. Dyce, who
shows the points of difference and who also shows
by parallel passages that the present writer was
the author of ' Academiarum Examen,' ' The
Saint's Guide,' and ' The Judgement set and the
Books opened.'
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit,
I73^, PP- 536, 538 ('Witchcraft').
Wm. Oldys, The British Librarian, 1738, pp.
111-115 (review of Webster's ' Academiarum Ex-
amen,' 1654 ; it is an interesting book still, though
much that he fought for has been conceded).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1747, liii. col. 924.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. von
Haller, 1751, i. p. 99.
George Rudolph Boehmer, Systemaiisch-Liter-
aerisches Handbuch der N aturgeschichte , Leipzig,
1788, Vierter Theil, i. p. 34 (quotes Metallographia,
London, 1661, Waller; 1670, 4°, Kittilby (sic);
1676, 4°; but not 1671).
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 166 (' Metallographia,' Lond., 1670, 4°).
Sir S. E. Brydges, Censura Liter ana, 1809, x.
pp. 306-309 (review with commendation of Web-
ster's ' Witchcraft ').
Thomas Dunham Whitaker, An History of the
Original Parish of Whalley and Honor of Clitheroe,
1818, pp. 285, 293 ; the fourth edition revised and
enlarged by John Gough Nichols, and the Rev.
Ponsonby B. Lyons, B.A., Lond., 1872, 2vols.,4°,
i. pp. 302, 303 ; ii. pp. 86-87, 128, 494-5, 548-558
(p. 555, review of 'Metallographia').
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors, ii.
955 J-
Alex. Dyce, The Works of John Webster : Now
first collected, London, Pickering, 1830, vol. i.,
Introduction.
WEBSTER— WECKER
533
WEBSTER (JOHN). Continued.
Potts s Discovery of Witches in the County of
Lancaster, . . . with an Introduction and Notes,
by James Crossley, Esq. , Manchester, The Chetham
Society, vol. vi., 1845, pp. viii, xxviii-xliii, Ixxvi,
notes, 51.
Lowndes, Bibliographer's Manual, 1864, v. p.
2864.
Allibone, Dictionary of English Literature, 1877,
iii. , pp. 2626-2627.
Thomas Dunham Whitaker, The History and
Antiquities of the Deanery of Craven, in the County
of York, 3rd edit. , 1878, pp. 23 (Webster held the
vicarage of Mitton), 127 (Webster quoted about
Pudsay's silver mine at Rimington).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 335
(' Metal lographia').
The Note Book of the Rev. Thomas Jolly, A.D.
1671-1693, The Chetham Society, Manchester, 1895,
vol. 33, New Series, p. xiv. (Reference to a con-
troversy in writing with Webster in 1654. Jolly in
1697 and 1698 wrote about Dugdale the Surey
Demoniack. This controversy is again referred to
in this same volume, p. 126, under ' Altham and
Wymondhouses Church Book,' 1654, when it is
said : ' Mr. Webster was an enthusiast, and had
odd notions,' and p. 128, ' 1656, Mr. Webster
dropt the controversy').
Dictionary of National Biography, 1899, Ix.
p. 125.
WECHTLER (JOHANN CONRAD).
De Unguenti Armarii Difficultatibus.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 598.
Wechtler, or Wachtler, was the author of a book
entitled : Homo oriens et occidens, duobus actibus
et libris in scenam publicam ita datus et productus
ut primus primum ab infimis principiis ad summam
perfectionem usque assurgentem, secundus vero
secundum ab hoc perfectionis statu ad corruptionem
cineresque delabentem complectatur, Francofurti
ad Moenum, 1659, small folio, in 2 parts. Konig
quotes an edition of 1660.
It is a sort of system of physiology based upon
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 864.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 559.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731,
II. ii. p. 580.
Boerhaave, Afethodus Studii Medici, ed. von
Haller, 1751, ii. pp. 1079, 1089.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 480.
principles or fundamental ideas, which are discussed
from logical and metaphysical standpoints ; an
absolutely dreary, arid, barren waste of words ;
and there are 524 closely printed double-columned
pages in part i., and 474 in part ii.
Of it Haller says: " Vastum volumen merito
ignoratum. Scholastica methodus fusissima ; mul-
tum arabismi et inutilium speculationum. " He
argued against the weapon-salve in the above
tract.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774. i. p. 364.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1779, iii.
P- 79-
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 337
(' Homo oriens,' but no reference to the present
tract).
WECKER (HlERONYMUS).
Dissertatio Philosophico-Medica de Paracelsistarum Unguento Armario, sub
prsesidio Johan. Georgii Pelshoferi.
See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 705.
Wecker, according to Zedler, was a doctor of
medicine and hereditary owner of Jesse and
Schutzberg. He married a daughter of Carp-
zovius from Wittenberg, whose maternal grand-
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 434.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 580.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1747, liii. col. 1771.
father was the celebrated Samuel Seelfisch, burger-
meister and bookseller in Wittenberg, who himself
had heard and seen Luther, and possessed the
Bible and Luther's writings in costly form.
(He quotes Thorschmid, Antiquarius Ecclesi-
asticus Saxonicus, p. 76, which I have not seen. )
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 337 (' De
pulsibus,' but not the present tract).
WECKER (JOHANN JACOB).
See ALESSIO.
Antidotarium Generale a lo. lacobo Vueckero Basiliense Reipublicae Col-
mariensis Physico nunc primum laboriose congestum, methodice digestum.
Cum Elencho locupletissimo. Cum Privilegio ad An. Decem. Basileae,
Per Eusebium Episcopium, & Nicolai Fr. haeredes. M D LXXVI.
4°. Pp. [14, 2 blank] 197 [10, i]. Woodcuts of stills, £c.
Another edition, 1586.
534
WECKER
WECKER (JOHANN JACOB). Continued.
Antidotarium Geminum, Generale et Speciale : A loan. lacobo Vveckero
Basiliense Ex opt. Authorum, tarn veterum quam recentiorum, scriptis
fideliter congestum, & tandem methodice, supra priores editiones, vberrime
auctum, coniunctim editum, & exornatum : Adiectis Elenchis locupletiss.
Cum Priuilegio ad Annos decem. Basileae, Per Conr. Vvaldkirch,
sumptibus Episcopianorum,
Large 8°. Pp. [15, i blank], columns 222, pp. [4, i blank]. Antidotarium
Speciale, pp. [12], cols. 1186. Index pp. [29, i blank]. Woodcuts in the text.
Other editions, 1617, 1642 (Mercklin).
This work is not mentioned by Herzog.
then the above, and that of 1617.
He gives editions of the A. speciale only : 1561, 1577, 1588,
Kunstbuch Ein nutzliches Buchlein von Mancherleyen Kiinstlichen Wassern,
olen vnd Weinen, jetzt newlich ins Teutsch gebracht, durch Doctor Hanfs
Jacob Wecker, Stattartzet zu Colmar. Mit Keys. Majest. Gnad vnd Frey-
heit, in sechs jahren nicht nach zu trucken. Getruckt zu Basel, In
verlegung Ludwig Konigs. MDCXVI.
80. Pp. [6] 86 [4].
First edition, Basel, Peter Perna, 1570, 8°, pp. [16] 127.
De Secretis Libri xvn. Ex variis authoribus collecti, methodiceq; digesti,
& aucti per Joan. Jacobum Weckerum, Basiliensem, Medicum Colmariensem.
Accessit Index locupletissimus. Basileae, Sumptibus Ludovici Regis.
M.DC.XLII.
8°. Pp. [15, i blank] 667 [27, 2 blank]. Numerous woodcuts in the text. Vignette.
In my ' Notes on Books of Secrets ' I have
described the following editions of the present
work : Basileae, 1588, 8° ; 1613, 8° ; 1616, 8° ; 1642,
8° ; 1662, 8° ; 1701, 8°. French translation : Lyon,
1596, 8° ; Tournon, 1606, 8° ; Rouen, 1627, 8° ;
1663, 8°. English translation : London, 1660,
folio ; and with a new title-page, 1661.
By Herzog are given the following editions of the
work ' De Secretis,' which I have not seen : Basil.,
1582, 1587, 1598, 1604, 1629. Haller quotes
an edition of 1708, and another of 1750. The
French editions which he enumerates are : Lyon,
1584, 8° (possibly) ; 1596, 8° ; 1612, 8° ; Rouen,
1608, 8° ; 1639, 8° ; 1651, 8° ; 1680, 8°, and he
winds up : Compilatitia omnia et absurda multa ;
but the book was obviously popular.
Judging from the date of the dedications the first
edition of the Latin may have appeared in 1582 or
1583, and of the French in 1584, but I have not seen
any editions of these years.
Wecker was born at Basel, 1528, and in 1544
Paschalis Gallus, Bibliotheca Medico., 1590, p.
178.
Joh. Georg. Schenckius, Biblia latrica sine
Bibliotheca Medica, 1609, p. 315.
Draudius, Bibliotheca classica, 1625, pp. 883
(' Antidotarium'), 899 ('Anatomia Mercurii Spagy-
rica,' Halae, 1620), 952 (' Antidotarium,' 1600), 978
(' Practica Medicinre generalis,' 1585, &c.), 988
(Alexis), &c.
began his academical course there. In 1557 he
was professor of logic and in 1560 of Latin.
He discharged the duties of both offices vigorously,
studied medicine, graduated, and became a popular
physician. In 1566 he went to Colmar as town
physician, and died there in 1586. He is the
author of various medical, pharmaceutical and
other works. His wife, a daughter of Isaac Keller,
Prof. Med., wrote a book on cooking : ' Kochbuch,'
Amberg, 1600, 4°, dedicated to Loysa Juliana,
Princess of Orange.
He is praised by Conring, though blamed for
plagiarising. A list of his works is given both by
Herzog and by Mercklin, and the latter is simply
copied by Mangel. Mercklin assigns to him the
tract ' De Unguento Arnmrio ' in the Theatrum
Sympatheticum, 1662, 4° (q.v.), but that is by
Hieronymus Wecker.
He also translated The Secrets of Alexis from
Italian into Latin, Basil., 1559, 8° ; 2nd edition,
Basil., 1560 ; 3rd, enlarged, edition, Basil., 1563, 8°.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 282.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 226 (calls
him ' Vecker').
Quenstedt, Dialogus de Patriis illustrium doct-
rina et scriptis Virorum, Wittebergae, 1654, p.
134; 1691, p. 134.
Will. Cooper, A Catalogue of Chymicall Books,
1675, part ii. sig. ET. verso.
WECKER— WEDEL
535
WECKER QOHANN JACOB). Continued.
Konig, Bibliolheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 864.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 615.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, pp. 266, 377 (Int. c. viii. § 15 ;
c. xi. § 12).
Job. Jacobus Scheuchzer, Nova literaria Hel-
vetica, Tiguri, 1703, i. pp. 119-123. (List of addi-
tions made to the ' Secreta ' by Zwinger. List of
works by Wecker. )
Guillielmus Budaeus, ' Thanatologia,' in Johann
Michael Heineccius & Johann Georg. Leuckfeldus,
Scriptores Rerutn Germanicarum . . . in unum
volumen collecti, Francofurti ad Moenum, 1707,
fol. , p. 260, col. b (died 1586, ' Basiliens. Med.
<f>i\6iroi>os & virepf$o\riv, Colmariae ').
Conring, De Scriptoribus XVI. post Christum
natum seculorum Commentarius, 1727, p. 168.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 580.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 163 (' Antidotarium ').
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 157 (T. ii. lib. ii.
p. i, c. 2, §11).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P. 907.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1747, liii. col. 1772.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. von
Haller, 1751, i. p. 507; ii. pp. 855 (Alexis), 856.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1839.
Matthias, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 342.
Portal, Histoire de /' 'Anatomie et de la Chirurgie,
1770, ii. p. 63.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 367;
1772, ii. p. 31.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 246.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 234.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mfdecine,
1778, iv. p. 563.
Herzog, Atkente Rauricce, 1778, p. 263.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1779, iii.
p. 465 (Zwinger's edition of the ' Secrets ').
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 602 (translation of Alexis, Basel, 1616, 8°).
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1786, I. ii.
pp. 98 (Antidotarium), 177 (Alexis and ' De
Secretis ').
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 520.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 56 (note on his life and various works).
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 472.
Biographie Universelle, 1827, 1. p. 310 ; no date,
xliv. p. 419.
Ferguson, ' Bibliographical Notes on Histories
of Inventions and Books of Secrets,1 in Transactions
of the Glasgow Archaeological Society, 1883, ii. pp.
192, 251, 252, 258, 272; New Series, 1890, i. p.
224 ; 1899, iii. pp. 390-392.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1888, vi. p. 215.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 337.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie , 1896, xli. p. 372.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
406, 411 (his life), 450, 473.
WEDEL (GEORG WOLFFGANG).
Georgii VVolffgangi VVedelii Introductio in Alchimiam. Sumptibus lohannis
Bielkii, Bibliop. lenae, Litteris Christophori Krebsii, Anno MDCCVI.
4°. Pp. [4] 60. At the end is the Tabula Smaragdina ' ex volumine de
Alchimia, Norimbergae apud loh. Petreium MDXLI. excuso, longe rarissimo, eiusque
p. 363.' Vignette.
D. Georg Wolffgang Wedels weiland weitberiihmten Professoris Medicinae
Ordinarii zu Jena, wie auch an vielen Hochfiirstlichen Sachsischen Hofen
Leib-Medici und Hoff-Raths Vernunfftige Gedanken vom Gold-Machen nebst
einer Vorrede D. Christian Gottfried Stentzels der Medicinischen Facultat
zu Wittenberg Assessoris, wie auch Chirurgiae Prof. Publ. Ord. & Pathol.
Prof. Substit. Zweyte Auflage. Wittenberg, Bey Carl Siegemund Hen-
ningen, 1734.
8°. Pp. [26] ico. Title red and black. P. 98, Tabula Smaragdina— from the
' extremely rare* 1541 edition of Petreius. Vignette.
This is a translation of the preceding.
Georgii Wolffgangi Wedelii, D. Professoris Publici, & Medici Ducalis Saxonici,
Experimentum Chimicum Ndvum de Sale Volatili Plantarum, quo latius
exponuntur, specimine ipso exhibita. Jenae, Sumptibus Johannis Fritschii.
Literis Samuelis Krebsii. M.DCLXXV.
12°. Pp. [22] 96. i plate,
536
WEDEL
WE DEL (GEORG WOLFFGANG). Continued.
An edition : Francof. , 1672, 12°, is quoted by
Boehmer ; it was reviewed in the Phil. Trans. ,
1673, viii., No. 100, p. 7000; and another, Jenne,
1682, 12°. The tract was also printed in
Miscellanea Curiosa Medico- Physica Academies
Nature Curiosorum sive Ephemeridum Medico-
Physicarum Germanicarum Annus Quartus et
Quintus Anni MDCLXXHl. &• MDCLXXIV.
Francofurti & Lipsiae, 1688, Appendix, pp.
190-256.
Programma vom Basilic Valentino.
See ZOBEL (FRIEDRICH), Tartarologia Spagirica, 1676.
See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i.
p. 669.
See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Chymische Schriften, 1769, i. sig. g 1-8.
Vita Danielis Ludovici.
See LUDWIG (DANIEL), Opera Omnia, 1712.
Wedel, ' Hsereditarius ' in Schwartza, was born
12 Nov., 1645, at Spremberg, in Lower Lusatia,
but according to others at Golzen (Kopp says
Glossen), was at school for six years, and at the
age of seventeen went to Jena, where he took the
degree of M.D. He studied medicine under
Guernerus Rolfinck, who said of him that he
required a curb rather than a spur. In 1667 he
was Stadtphysikus at Gotha, travelled in Holland,
and settled at Jena, where he gradually rose to the
highest positions in his profession. In 1672 he was
appointed professor of medicine at Jena, and was
received into the Academia Naturae Curiosorum,
with the name Hercules I. ; in 1679 fifst physician
of the reigning Duke of Weimar, Hofrath and first
physician of the Duke of Saxony, in 1692 Count
Palatine, in 1706 member of the Royal Academy of
Sciences at Berlin, in 1716 Imperial Rath, and a
month before his death first physician of the Elector
of Mainz. He died 6 Sept., 1721, which year is
contained in the chronogram : CLarVs VVeDeL
MorltVr. His portrait, according to Wetzel,
appeared in the German Acta Eruditorum, P. LV.
Haller tells us that Wedel was his wife's maternal
uncle, and he was obviously proud of the con-
nection, for he repeats the statement more than
once. He was distinguished for his comprehensive
learning, success as a practitioner, unceasing labour
as professor and author, for his great modesty,
rectitude, and beneficence to the poor.
As a chemist he introduced into practice certain
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 864.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 343-347.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, p. 30 (Ad. c. i. § 12*) ; p. 182
(Ad. c. iv. §39), p. 210 (Ad. c. v. §20*); p. 273
(Ad. c. viii. §9**); p. 386 (Ad. c. xi. §vi.**).
Journal des Scavans, 1709, p. 292 (review of his
' Exercitationes medico-philologicae').
Bartholomasus Christianus Richardus (Reichard),
Commentatio de vita et scriptis Professorum hodie
in Academia Jenensi publice docentium, Jena, 1710,
pp. 66-80 (list of his dissertations).
Zeumer, Vita Professorum . . . qui in . . . Aca-
demia lenensi . . . vixerunt, Jenae, 1711, Classis
iii. p. 76.
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam Liter-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. pp. 706, 722, 783.
Jo. Conr. Zeltner, Theatrum Virorum erudi-
torum qui speciatim typographiis laudabilem operam
praestiterunt, Norimb., 1720, pp. 548-553.
Kurtze Fragen a us der Kirchen-Historie des
Neuen Testaments, vii. p. 971. (I have not seen
this.)
medicines which bear his name, and he was a strong
supporter of the iatro-chemical principles of De la
Boe Sylvius. But he was also a staunch believer in
alchemy, assigning to it great antiquity, and con-
sidering that it was concealed even in the myths of
the ancients.
He was an excellent scholar and humanist, wrote
numerous books, brought out new editions of the
works of older writers, and was the author of a
host of disputations, consilia, responsa, paradoxa,
orationes, programmata, and epistolae, written in
fine Latin.
He contributed various dissertations to the litera-
ture of chemistry : De Mose chimico ; De mercurio
philosophorum ; De oenigmate Sibyllino chimico ;
De Hippocrate chimico & igne philosophorum ; De
ramo aureo Virgilii ; De auro chimico ; De anti-
monio diaphoretico ; De cinnabari antimonii ; De
clave principiorum Chymicorum ; De Tabula
Hermetis Srnaragdina ; Tabula: Chymicae XV.,
Jena, 1692 ; Compendium Chymiae, 1715, 4°.
Wedel is credited by Mercklin, Mangel and
others with the authorship of ' Non-entia chymica,'
assigned to Utis Udenius, and printed in 1670.
This cannot be correct if, as is stated in the preface,
and as confirmed by Gmelin, the work appeared in
1645. Student and learned though Wedel was, he
was not literally born with a Latin dissertation on
chemical non-entities in his mouth. See UTIS
UDENIUS.
Nova Litteraria Anni MDCCXXII. in Supple-
mentum Actorum Eruditorum divulgata . . .
auctore lo. Gottlieb Krausio, Lipsiae, 8°, pp. 85-
96 (a full but somewhat verbose account).
Walch, Programma in Exequiis Pro-rectoris
Magnifici Georgii W. Wedelii P.P. in Academia
Jenensi, d. 29 Martii, 1722.
Historitz Bibliothecce Fabriciance Pars VI., 1724,
pp. 34-38.
Joh. Caspar Wetzel, Historische Lebens-Beschrei-
bung der beruhmtesten Lieder-Dichter, Herrnstadt,
1724, iii. p. 366 (sketch of his life ; he wrote two
hymns : Gott Vater, der du ewig bist, and Was ist,
das mich betrubt).
Joh. Hermann Fiirstenau, Desiderata Medica,
Lipsiae, 1727, pp. 34, 104, 181, 199, 223, 255, 312,
313. 3l8- 337. 343. 379- 412, 4*8, 424. 43<>, 464,
471, 476, 496.
Niceron, Mtmoires, 1729, vii. p. 112.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. pp. 581-602 (gives a review of the
' Introductio').
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicin ischen
WEDEL—WEG
537
WEDEL (GEORG WOLFFGANG). Continued.
Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 358-361 (life and works);
508, 509, 514, 524, 531, 534, 538, 552.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metalltcee,
1732, p. 150 (long list of papers).
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 431 (T. ii. 1. 2*.
c. 43. §2)-
Kurtze Nachricht von den Buchern vnd deren
Urhebern in der Stollischen Bibliothec, 1735, Der
funffte Theil : pp. 497 (Introductio in Alchimiam) ;
500 (Exercitatio Medico-philologica, extracts about
Basilius Valentinus) ; 516, 525 (Epitome praxeos
clinicae) ; 1736, Der siebende Theil : p. 661.
Job. Adam Weber, Einleitung in die Historic
der Lateinischen Sprache, Chemnitz, 1736, p. 847.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit,
1736, pp. 542 (about Spectres), 575 (Progressus
Academiae Nat. Cur.).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 908.
Seguierius, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1740, Pars i.
pp. 207-209 ; Pars ii. p. 310.
Bibliotheca Hceneliana, 1746, p. 566. (I have
not seen this.)
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1747, liii. cols. 1804-
1820 (long article and list of dissertations).
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. von
Haller, 1751, i. pp. ^36 (Compendium Chemiae),
146, 151, 205 (de Opio ; de Sale volatili plantarum),
206, 218, 220, 222, 224 (botanical papers), 225
(Exercitationes), 276, &c. (anatomical papers),
529 (note about him); ii. 576, &c. (medical and
pathological papers), 906 (note about him), 980
(alchemico-historical papers).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
cols. 1841-1845.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 152.
Biichner, Academiae . . , Naturae Curiosorum
Historia, 1755, p. 466, No. 44.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine,
1755, ii. p. 456 ; 1778, iv. p. 564 (calls him author
of Utis Udenius1 ' Non-entia Chymica').
More>i, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 1759,
. p. 780.
Fa
rabricius, Bibliographia Antiqvaria, Hamb. ,
1760, pp. 489, 502, 547, 787, 798, 852, 1028 (refer-
ences for points of medical antiquities to the
'Exercitationes medico-philologicae ' of Wedel,
whom he calls ' celeberrimus lenensium Aescul-
apius ').
Burcard Gotthelff Struve, Bibliotheca Historiae
Litterariae Selecta, Jenae, 1763, iii. p. 2266.
Portal, Histoirede I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie,
1770, iii. pp. 572-574-
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. pp. 557-
561, (list of WedePs botanical and pharmaceuti-
cal dissertations).
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 470.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. pp. 400-
403 (list of his surgical dissertations).
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practices, 1779, iii.
pp. 203-218 (list of his medical dissertations).
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 25 (highly
praised).
Carrere, Catalogue . . . des Ouvrages . . . sur les
eaux minerales, 1785, i. p. 19, No. 36 ; p. 44, No.
99; p. 51, No. 120.
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1786, I. ii.
pp. 12, 120, 167, 189 (Diss. de Veneniset bezoardi-
cis, lenae, 1682, 4.), 212, &c., &c ; 1786, II. ii. and
1787, III. i. & ii. (papers on botany) ; 1788, IV.
i. p. 366 (De sale volatili plantarum, &c.) ; 1789, IV.
ii. pp. 6, 14 (Diss. de Mercurio philosophorum,
len., 1697, 8.), 53, 80 (Progr. de Ramo aureo
Virgilii, len., 1699, 4. pi. i), 90, 122, 279 ; 1789, v.
pp. 14, 127.
Bougine\ Handbuch der allgemtinen Litterar-
geschichte, Zurich, 1790, iii. p. 416.
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literdr-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 330, §264.
Gmelin, Geschichtc der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 617,
note s ; 1798, ii. pp. 33, 137, 208, 214, 216, 217,
234, 245, 257, 271, 272.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(C 'hernia et Res Metallica), pp. 6, 7, 40, 63, 145.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 169 (life, ' Non-entia chemica,' 1670,
acquirements), 173, 174, 178, 180, 183, 186, 190,
191, 194, 195, 197, 200, 204, 206, 209, 210, 211, 216,
220, 224, 225, 235.
Friedr. Carl Gottlob Hirsching, Historisch-litter-
arisches Handbuch, Leipzig, 1813, XVI. i. p. 46.
Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. pp. 474-481 (list of dissertations).
Biographie Universelle, 1827, 1. p. 314 ; no date,
xliv. p. 422.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv.
P- 396- .
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 452.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mede-
cine, 1839, iv. pp. 373-382 (contains a list of his
dissertations).
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 250,
285 ; 1869, ii. pp. 242, 276. (Hoefer draws a dis-
tinction between G. Wedel and Wolfgang Wedel. )
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. pp. n6,
226 (note on him) ; 1845, iii. pp. 101, 307 ; 1847,
iv. p. 163.
Morwitz, Geschichtc der Medicin, 1848, i. p.
296 ; 1849, ii. p. 213.
Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Lilerar-
geschithte, Leipzig, 1853, III. ii. pp. 658, 688, 706,
708; 1858, III. iii. 2, pp. 1285 (calls him Johann),
1346, 1350-
Bayle et Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, ii.
P- 5-
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
1855, pp. 468 (' Opiologia ') ; 497 (life).
Johannes Gunther, Lebenskitzen der Professoren
der Universitdt Jena seit 1558 bis 1858, Jena, 1858,
p. 123.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•uoorterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1278.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 854, 1160, 1311 (and note).
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 380.
Kppp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 141 ; ii. p. 293.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hctvorragen-
den Aertte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1888, vi. p.
217 (by Pagel).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xv'- PP- 34°-342.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1896, xli. p.
403 (by Pagel).
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmatie, 1904, pp.
478 (Opiologia), 500 (curiously enough, Schelenz
calls him Job. Wolfg. Wedel).
WEG (Der) zu der Hermetischen Kunst.
See RECHTE (Der) Weg zu der Hermetischen Kunst.
For alchemical books entitled ' way ' or 'road,' see Kopp, Die Akhemie, 1886, ii. p. 383.
538
WEGENER— WEIDENFELD
WEGENER (GEORG WILHELM).
See THARSANDER.
Under THARSANDER it has been already stated
that the real name of the person was Georg Wilh.
Wegener, or Wegner, who was a parson at Ger-
mendorff, not far from Berlin. Under his own
Neuer Zeitungen von gelehrten Sachen des Jahrs
MDCCXXXAnderer Theil, p. 871 ; MDCCXXXI
Erster Theil, p. 272.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1747, liii. col. 1938.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 292
name he published three papers in the Acta
Eruditorum Lipsiensia, according to Zedler, who
makes no allusion to the pseudonym or the works
which appeared under it.
note f (quotes the ' Schauplatz," ' Adeptas ineptus,'
and ' Leipziger Sammlungen ' ).
Murr, Litterarische Nachrichten zu der Geschichte
des sogenannten Goldmachens, 1805, p. 113 (identifies
Tharsander and Wegener).
WEGNER (GEORGE WILHELM).
See THARSANDER.
WEGWEISER zum Licht der Natur.
See AUFRICHTIG-TEUTSCHER Wegweiser, &c.
For alchemical books entitled ' Wegweiser,' see Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 384.
WEIBER-ARBEIT. Das Weiberwerck.
See OPUS MULIERUM.
Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 162.
WEIDENFELD QOHANN SEGER VON).
Johannis Segeri Weidenfeld de Secretis Adeptorum, sive de Usu Spiritus
Vini Lulliani Libri IV. Opus Practicum per Concordantias Philosophorum
inter se discrepantium, tam ex antiquis, quam modernis Philosophiae adeptae
Patribus mutuo conciliatis summo studio collectum, & novissima concinne
methodo ita digestum, ut vel tyrones possint discernere, vegetabilium,
animalium, mineralium praeparationes supposititias sophisticasque a veris,
sive pro re 'medica, sive metallica, atque sic cavere sibi a vagabundis
deceptoribus, imaginariis processibus & suarum pecuniarum dilapidatione.
Lipsiae, Impensis Joannis Pauli Kraus. 1768.
8°. Pp. [48] 548. Catalogus Menstruorum, 12.
This book was first printed at London, 1684, 4°,
quoted by Jocher, and then at Hamburg, 1685,
12°, quoted by Zedler. An English translation was
published at London, 1685, 4°.
Acta Eruditorum anno MDCLXXXVpublicata,
Lipsias, 1685, pp. 87-89.
Journ. desScavanspourl'annieM.DC. LXXXV. ,
May 28, 1685, p. 215.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 681
(edition of 1685).
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 39, No. Ix.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 604.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1747, liii. col. 244 (a
mere note).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1852.
Prosper Marchand, Dictionaire Historique, 1758,
ii. p. 311.
There is so little known about him that Marchand
would almost consider his name pseudonymous,
were it not that it is not mentioned in the lists of
pseudonymous writers.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 638.
Gmeliu, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 28.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 194.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 455.
Christian August Becker, Das Aceton (Acetonol),
der geheime Weingeist der Adepten, Spiritus vini
Lulliani s. philosophici . . . Miihlhausen, 1867,
8°, pp. viii [2] 5-17 [i] 62 [i blank, i]. The first
edition was published in 1862.
Ferguson, 'Notes on Books of Secrets,' Trans-
actions of the Glasgow Archaeological Society, 1883,
ii. p. 254.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 367.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 350.
WEIGEL
539
WEIGEL (CHRISTIAN EHRENFRIED VON).
Grundrifs der reinen und angewandten Chemie. Zum Gebrauch academischer
Vorlesungen entworfen von Christian Ehrenfried Weigel der Weltw. und
A. G. Doctor, der Chemie und Pharmacie ordentl. offentl. Lehrer und
Aufseher des botanischen Gartens, Mitglied der physiograph. Gesellschaft
in Lund. Erster Band. Die reine, physische und medicinische Chemie.
Greifswald, bei Anton Ferdinand Rose. 1777.
8°. Pp. xl. 564. Six folding tables.
Zweiter Band. Die technisch-bkonomische Chemie.
Pp. xxxii. 792. Indices [160].
The subject is elaborately classified and every
department of pure and applied chemistry is in-
cluded. The most important feature of the book,
however, consists in the abundance of the references
to the literature. It is a full bibliography of the
chemical literature of the time.
Weigel was born at Stralsund 24 May, 1748,
where his father was Stadtphysicus. He had his
education well looked after by his father, and was
privately taught Latin and Greek, French and
English, logic, mathematics, geography, history,
drawing, and music. He got instruction besides in
various arts and handicrafts, which was afterwards
of use to him when he came to construct different
kinds of apparatus. Having fixed on medicine as
his profession, he continued to enjoy his father's
assistance, and from him he acquired a knowledge
of plants and of the Linneean classification. He
made excursions round Stralsund, to Riigen and
Jasmund, collected plants and studied botanical
treatises. When the Botanic Garden was estab-
lished at Greifswald in 1763, he made use of it as
soon as it was available, and in June, 1764, was
enrolled as a student of the University. After a
time he went home again to study with his father,
who gave him more and more specialized medical
instruction. He still was attracted to botany, and
he worked at that science and the natural history of
Pomerania and also began the study of chemistry.
In 1765-66 he got instruction in anatomy from his
uncle, his leisure time being spent with workmen
and artists whose occupations involved chemistry
and other sciences. Finally he got his clinical
training from his father.
Thus prepared, and having published his Flora
Pomerano-Rugica, he went to Gbttingen in 1769,
stopping at Leipzig on the way with Dr. Schreiber
and getting some lessons in etching on copper,
which he afterwards practised with dexterity. He
enrolled in Gbttingen University on 17 May, went
through a systematic curriculum of philosophy,
experimental physics, zoology, mineralogy, made
botanical excursions, and worked in the gardens
and mineralogical museum. Under Vogel and
Erxleben he studied chemistry and attended theo-
retical and clinical courses on medicine, surgery,
pathology, and obstetrics. In the autumn of 1770
he made a tour in the Harz, visited the mines, the
smelting houses, assay offices and collections, and
saw the manufacture of brass at Goslar. He en-
riched his own mineral collection with new
specimens, got Harz plants also, and a herbarium
from Bergmedicus Willich.
On 27 March, 1771, he graduated in medicine at
Gbttingen, and returned homewards. At Osterode,
however, the mail upset, and, though the accident
affected his health, he stopped another fortnight in
the Harz, and visited Brunswick, Hamburg, and
Liibeck for instruction in natural history. When
he got home he began to practise under his father
and to work in the chemical laboratory. His taste,
however, lay towards an academical career, and as
there was a vacancy in the position of ' Adjunct ' of
the Greifswald Medical Faculty and that of Super-
intendent of the Botanic Garden, he asked permis-
sion to sustain a botanical thesis and give lectures.
His disputation was held in May, 1772. He de-
livered courses on botany and mineralogy that
summer and made excursions. In winter he
lectured on chemistry, held a second disputation
in September on chemistry and mineralogy, and
on 22 April, 1773, was made Adjunct of the
Medical Faculty and appointed to the Botanic
Garden. Then in 1775 he received the ordinary
professorship of chemistry and pharmacy in the
Medical Faculty and keepership of the minerals,
and was appointed superintendent of the Botanic
Garden and of the collections of plants and
animals belonging to the University, and he gave
lectures on botany and zoology. In 1776 the
Greifswald Philosophical Faculty conferred on
him the honorary diploma of Doctor.
In June, 1780, he was chosen Assessor of the
Sanitary Collegium of Sweden, Pomerania, and
Riigen ; in 1792 he was elected a foreign member
of the Swedish Academy ; in 1794 director ; and in
1795 the King of Sweden appointed him his prin-
cipal physician. The same year he gave over the
Botanic Garden and the other collections to the
holder of the newly instituted professorship of
natural history and economy. At his own request,
on the 2 Dec., 1802, he was relieved of the
conduct of the business of the Medical Faculty
and of the Sanitats-Collegium.
In June, 1806, he was created Count of the Holy
Roman Empire ; in 1814, Knight of the Swedish
Order of the Polar Star; in March, 1821, Knight
of the Prussian Order of the Red Eagle of the third
class. On the 27 March, 1821, was celebrated the
5oth anniversary of the taking of his degree. He
was a member of fourteen learned societies. He
died in his 84th year, 8 Aug., 1831.
He was the author of some works and translations
from Lavoisier, Durande, Guyton de Morveau,
Rome" Delisle, and J. P. Marat. He was not a
voluminous author, but the present work, for
example, bears ample testimony to the extent of his
acquaintance with the literature of chemistry. He
translated Wallerius Chemistry, with observations,
Leipz., 1776, 1780 ; Scheffer's Lectures on the Salts,
Earths, etc., collected by Bergman, Greifsw., 1779,
and other works,
540
WEIGEL
WEIGEL (CHRISTIAN EHRENFRIED VON). Continued.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanlca, 1772, ii. p. 595.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 49.
Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon
derjetst lebenden Teutschen Schriftstdler, 4° Ausg. ,
1784, iv. p. 157 ; Nachtrag, 1786, i. p. 686 ; 1787,
ii. p. 417; 1788, iii. p. 387; 1791, iv. p. 794 ; 1795,
V. ii. p. 514 ; 1804, vi. p. 999 ; 1804, VII. ii. p. 802 ;
5e Ausg., Lemgo, 1800, viii. pp. 393-396 (list of
works); 1803, x. p. 802; 1827, xxi. (Supp. IX.)
p. 412.
George Rudolph Boehmer, Syste.matisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1785, I. i.
p. 137 ; 1786, I. ii. pp. 343, 346, 363 ; 1787, III. i.
pp. 17, 185, 323 (botanical papers).
Carl Joseph Bougine\ Handbuch der allgemeinen
Litlerargeschichte, Zurich, 1792, v. p. 61.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 694 ;
1799, iii. pp. 298, 306,318, 511 (list of his investiga-
tions), 620, 635, 653 note p, 656 note i, 657, 661,
668, 671, 717-718, 793 note q, 795, 839, 868, 930,
959-
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteralur,
1806-08, pp. 385, 392, 403, 423, 443, 445, 474, 525.
Shering Rosenhane, Anteckningar horande till
Kongl. Vetensk. Akademiens Historia, Stockholm,
1811, pp. 435, 514.
Biographic M^dicale, Paris, Panckoucke( 1820-25),
vii. p. 485.
B. F. Voigt, Nener Nekrolog der Devtschen,
Neunter Jahrgang, 1831, Ilmenau, 1833, Zweiter
Theil, No. '246, pp. 699-705.
Callisen, Medicinisches Schriftsteller - Lexicon,
1834, xx. p. 493 ; 1845, xxxiii. p. 249.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1845, iii. p. 39.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichle der Apotheker,
1855, pp. 584, 620, 693.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1283.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1888, vi.
p. 522.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xyi- P- 352-
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1896, xli. p. 464.
WEIGEL (VALENTIN).
See AUGURELLO (GIOVANNI AURELio), Vellus Aureum et Chrysopoeia, 1716.
See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1782, ii. p. 3.
Azoth und Ignis.
See KEREN HAPPUCH, .
PP- 75-86.
. oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702,
This very notable but little known person was
born in 1533 (Konig, 1553) in Naundorf, a suburb
of Hayn, or Grossenhayn, near Dresden, of poor
parents. He was educated at the school in his
native place, whence in his fifteenth year, 1548, he
was transferred to Meissen, where he remained till
1554. In that year he proceeded to Leipzig, and
after taking the usual course in arts graduated as
bachelor in 1558, in the following winter session
as master, and in the spring of 1559 was appointed
Curator of the Paulinum. But in his thirty-first
year he resolved on going to Wittenberg, where
he matriculated i Nov., 1564. He studied
theology, and in 1567 was appointed pastor at
Zschopau in the Erzgebirge. He was diligent in the
discharge of all his pastoral duties, and was much
beloved by his people. He died 10 June, 1588.
His writings are of a mystical or philosophico-
religious character. With one or two exceptions
they were not published till after his death, and some
still remain in manuscript. Whether by chance or
by his own skill and tact, no fault was found with
his ideas and teaching in his lifetime, but when
the works bearing his name were published they
were soon found to be very unorthodox in character.
Apparently, however, he was credited with works
which he did not write, and it is possible that the
genuine works when printed were used to ventilate
the heterodoxy of the editor. The works, therefore,
were criticised by Schelhammer, Theobaldus, Hun-
nius and Hoornbeeck, who falls foul of his chem-
istry, while his ideas were adopted by Esaias
Stieffel, Adolf Held, and others, who may be con-
sidered as the founders of the school or sect which
was known under the name of Weigelians. Theo-
baldus, who wrote an unredeemed depreciation of
him, tried to make out that he was in reality an
Anabaptist, and he was also regarded as a follower
of Paracelsus and a Rosicrucian. These points
have been considered critically by Opel. He was
not, however, a chemist or Hermetist, and this
present translation is not enumerated among
Weigel's writings by Opel, so far as I have
observed.
Bougine", writing in 1790, makes the curious
remark that he does not know whether the 'Aureum
Vellus,' an adept's book valued at a hundred ducats,
was printed or not. Could that be possible?
This statement about the hundred ducats is taken
from Hannemann's exegesis of d'Espagnet's 'Ar-
canum Philosophise Hermeticae, ' § cxxxviii. After
saying that various works bearing the title 'Aureum
Vellus ' are going about, Hannemann adds :
Horum tamen optimum est quod dedit Weigelius.
Valentinus Weigelius quern nostri Theologi, jure
ne vel injuria hsereticum faciunt, de quo Deus
judicet, aureum vellus conscripsit, quod magni
pretii est, & obtineri non potest, pro eo libro
too. Ducatos cuidam mercatori Roterdamensi
fuisse oblatos scio ast noluit hac pecuniae sunnna
vendere. Hoc aureum vellus Weigelii praestantis-
simum scriptum est, quo cum nullum comparar
potest, ex Adeptorum scriptis.
But did Hannemann not know that Weigel's
work is a translation of the poem by Augurellus?
He is praised, with the customary phrases, by
Fictuld. His Himmelisches Manna, which Fictuld
had in MS., was published at Amsterdam, 1787,
8°, p. 60. I do not know if this be the same
work, extracts from which are appended to v. Wei-
ling's Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum (q.v.).
WE1GEL
541
WEIGEL (VALENTIN). Continued,
Crollius, Basilica chimica, 1609, Praefatio, p. 70
(much commended).
Sennertus, De Chymicorum cum Aristotelicis et
Galenicis Consensu ac Dissensu, Libri, 1629, p. 56.
Griindtlicher Beweifs wie Theophrastus Para-
celsus^ Valentinus VVeigel, Paulus Felgenhawer,
Nicolaus Teringe vnd andere jfires gleichen, mil
grosser Heucheley, mit groben Lesterungen, vnd
mit falschen Weissagungen vmbgehen : . . . 1634,
small 8°, pp. [2] 179 [3 blank],
Johannes Hoornbeeck, De Paradoxis fir* Hetero-
doxis Weigelianis Commcntarius, ubi et de Swenc-
feldo aliisque similis indolis, Ultrajecti, 1646, 12°,
pp. [12] 91 [i blank]. (P. 54 refers to the Rosi-
crucians ; it is a curious little book. )
Conring, De Hermetica Aigypliorum vetere et
Paracelsicorum nova Medicina, Liber unus, 1648,
p. 330 ; Ed. secunda, 1669, p. 351.
Johannes Hoornbeeck, Summa Confroversiarum
Religionis cum infidelibus, Hcereticis, Schismaticis,
Trajecti ad Rhenum, 1653, p. 423.
Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione ad . . .
Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, p.
141.
Konig, Qibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 864.
Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetisches Christen-
thum, 1690-91, i. pp. 205-265 (Cap. V. voni
Weigelianismo).
Paschius, De Nmns Inventis . . . Tractates,
1700, p. 361 (V. VV. ' qui circa annum praesentis
seculi XII. fanaticis scriptis potissimum innotuit").
Zacharias Theobaldus, ' Warnungs-Spiegel vor
denen alien Widertauffern und neuen Schwarmern,'
caps. ix. & x. pp. 45-62, with a portrait of
Weigel, in Der alien und neuen Schwdrmer,
Wider tdufferischer Geist, das tst, Glaubwiirdiger,
und Historischer Bericht, was Jammer, Elend,
Angst, Noth und Auffnthr, die alien Schwdrmer
und Widertauffer, gestifftet und angerichtet haben,
Cothen, 1701, fol.
Keren Happuch, . . , oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der
Scheide-Kunst, 1702, pp. 74-86 (contains Weigel's
Azoth & Ignis, Saur und Feur).
Pierre Poiret, Theologies Pacifica itetnque
Mystica, ac hujus Auctorum, Ideabrevior, Amstel.,
1702, p. 173 (<j 47) (merely mentioned with Para-
celsus, Sperber, and others).
Pierre Poiret, Bibliotheca Mysticorum select a,
Amstel., 1708, pp. 173 (§47, a reissue of the preced-
>"§)• 35° (' Weigelius Valentinus, multis invisus
gratis, illumin. a Deo ').
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historian,
literariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. p. 179.
J. L. Hannemann, Pharus ad Of Air Auriferum,
1714, p. 158 (about the ' Vellus Aureum ').
Unschuldige Nachrichten von alten und neuen
Tkeologischen Sac/ten, . . . auf das Jahr 1715,
pp. 22-47 (' Chronicon Weigelianum und umstand-
liche Nachricht von Val. Weigeln und dessen
Schrifften ' ; a chronicle of his life year by year
from 1533 to 1588, a list of his works, and writings
for and against him).
Johannes Gottlob Reichelius, Vitam Fata et
Scripta M. Valentini Weigelii ex genuinis monu-
mentis comprobata, atqve a compluribus naevis ac
lapsibus purgata Praeside At. Joh. Zacharia Hi Hi-
gero . . . Dissertatione Historica disquisitioni
publicae submittit respondens Johannes Gottlob
Reichelius Tzschop. Misn. S.S. Theol. stud. D.
xxiv. Mart. Anno MDCCXXI. in Anditorio
Majori. Wittenbergae, Literis Vidua Gerdesice,
4°> PP- [2] 32 (on P- J6 is an engraving of his
monument).
HistoritB Bibliotheca; Fabriciana Pars VI., 1724,
p. 201 (Arndt's letters to him).
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 119 (II. 1. i. c. xv.
§ 16) ; iii. p. 554 (III. 1. v. c. i. § 36).
Gottlieb Liefmannus, Dissertatio Historica de
Fanaticis Silesiorum et speciatim Quirino Kuhl-
manno . . . Editio IV. Wittenbergae, 1733, 4°,
PP- 25, 31.
Theophilus Sincerus, Neue Sammlungvon lauter
alten und raren Biichem, Franckfurt und Leipzig,
1733-34, p. 409 (' Epithalamia,' a very rare fugitive
piece on his marriage, which, however, is of inter-
est, because in it he is called ' Hainensis ' which
confirms his birthplace).
Johann Georg Walch, Historische und Theo-
logische Einleitung in die Religions-Slreitigkeiten,
welche sonderlich ausser der Evangelisch-Luther-
ischen Kirche entstanden, Jena, 1733, i. pp. 631
(the Weigelian controversy and its inception), 633
(his errors), 636 (his adherents and his critics and
opponents) ; 1734, ii. p. 68 (views about polemics) ;
1736, iv. pp. 1024-65 (account of his life, works,
doctrine and errors), 1065-84 (his followers), 1084-
1090 (his opponents).
Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philosophischen
Historie, 1735, vi. pp. 1138-1144.
Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historie, 1741, ii.
pp. 222-244 (Th. ii. lib. xvii. c. 17).
Vogt, Catalogus librorum rariorum, 1747, p. 722
(note on 'Aureum Vellus').
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1747, liiii. cols. 293-
304 (and references) ; 304-326 (article on the sect of
the Weigelians).
Freytag, Analecta litteraria, 1750, p. 1081
(account of his 'Aureum Vellus,' the present
work is considered spurious by Freytag).
Tocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicont 1751, iv.
col. 1859.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein , 1753, Th. i. p. 164.
Mor^ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 1759,
i. p. 782.
Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophic, 1766,
IV. i. p. 689; 1767, vi. p. 786.
Bauer, Bibliotheca Librorum Rariorum Univer-
salis, Nurnberg, 1772, Th. iv. pp. 392-293
(' Aureum Vellus ').
Archiv fiir Freimaurer und Rosenkreuter, 1785,
ii. p. 60.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785,
p. 510.
Carl Gottfr. Theod. Chladenius, Materialien *ur
Grossenhayner Stadtchronik, (1788), p. 40 (includes
him among the learned natives : ' M. Valentin
Weigel, der mystische Theologe, so als Pfarrer in
Zschopau 1588 verstorben ').
Bougine', Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar-
geschichte, 1790, ii. pp. 248-249.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 285-
286.
Biographie Universelle, 1827, 1. p. 330 ; no date,
xliv. p. 433.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 130 ;
1869, ii. p. 125.
Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 279;
1849, ii. p. 168.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•uiorterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1282.
Julius Otto Opel, Valentin Weigel, Bin Beitrag
sur Literatur- und Culturgeschichte Deutschlands
im \j.Jahrhtindert, Leipzig, 1864, 8°, pp. xii. 363 [i].
Nouvelle Biographie Ginerale, 1866, xlvi. col. 625.
Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophie des Mitt el-
alters, 1866, iii. pp. 559-569,
542 WEIGEL—WEITBRETT
WEIGEL (VALENTIN). Continued.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. pp. 209, 244.
Secretes, 1870, No. 1027. Moritz Carriere, Die philosophische Weltan-
Piinjer, Geschichte der christlichen Religions- schauung der Reformationszeit, 2e Aufl., 1887, i.
philosophie seit der Reformation, 1880, i. pp. 170- pp. 300-305.
179 ; English translation by Prof. Hastie, 1887, August Israel, M. Valentin Weigels Leben -und
p. 231. Schriften, Zschopau, 1888, 8°, pp. ii. 167 [i] por-
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 226. trait and facsimile.
Herzog, Real-Encyklopddie fur Protestantische Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1896, xli. pp.
Theolo%ie und Kirche, 1885, xvi. pp. 677-685 472-476, and references (article by Georg Muller).
(article by H. Schmidt). Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p. 260.
WEIS (ANDREAS).
See SCHLOSSER (JOHANN ALBRECHT), Specimen Chemico-Medicum Inaugurale
de Sale Urinse Humanas Native, 1753.
Weis was born at Basel, 13 Oct., 1713, studied 'Staats'- and ' Privatrecht,' in 1759 he was 'in-
there and graduated in philosophy in 1728. In structor' and Hofmeister of the last hereditary
1734 he was professor of ethics and also of ' Natur '- Statthalter of Holland, retaining his professorship,
and ' Volkerrecht ' in the Basel Academy. In 1735 the duties of which at Leyden he again resumed in
he went on a learned tour in France, Holland and 1766. In 1773 he resigned this office and returned
Germany ; in 1737 graduated as doctor of law at to Basel, where he was elected a member of the
Basel, and was appointed director of the Library. ' daily Council.1 He died in 1792.
In 1747 he removed to Leyden as professor of His writings are all about law.
Ernest Ludewig Rathlef, Geschichte jeztlebender der jetztlebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 4* Ausg. ,
Gelekrten, Zelle, 1741, Th. ii. p. 502. 1784, iv. p. 163; Nachtr. V. ii. p. 518.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1747, liiii. col. 1043. Hirsching, Historisch-litterarisches Handbuch,
Herzog, Athena Rauricce, 1778, p. 439. 1813, XVI. i. p. 106.
Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon Christoph Weidlich, Biographische Nachrichten,
Th. 4, p. 262. (I have not seen this).
WEISHEIT.
See SCHLUSSEL zur wahren Weisheit.
See CHYMIPHILUS (j. J.), Der wahren Chymischen Weisheit Offenbahrung.
WEITBRETT (JOHANN JOACHIM).
Redivivus Fr. Basilius Valentinus, Benedictiner Ordens. Das 1st: Eine
griindliche, wahrhaffte und aufsfiihrliche Erklarung des von Basilic Valentino
in seinem Buch uber den Grossen Stein der uralten Weisen Reimen-
weis gesetzten Procefs, bestehend in einer nicht sophistischen, sondern
griindlich und wahrhafften Beschreibung, Wie der gebenedeyte Stein der
Weisen, auf den heutigen Tag noch so wohl konne gemacht werden, als
selbiger schon vor etlich tausend Jahren gemacht worden ist, Womit die
alte und neue Philosophi, alle fixe und sonst unheylbare Kranckheiten an
Menschen und Metallen fundamentaliter curirt und geheylet haben. Allen
armen Krancken, auch verlassenen Wittwen und Waysen treuhertzig heraufs
gegeben von Johann Joachim Weitbrett, Chirurgo zu Deckenpfrondt,
Calwer Amts. Anno 1723.
8°. Pp. 87 [i].
The second part has a separate title (p. 57) :
Explicatio Redivivi Fr. Basilii Valentini. Das ist : Eine griindliche Erklarung des
vorbeschriebenen Tractatleins, bestehend in lauter Particular-Stlicken, welche ich zwar
nur pro Forma gesetzt, unter dieselbe aber den veritablen Procefs, mil alien denen
darzu erforderten Hand-Griffen, ohne einigen Mangel beschrieben habe. Allen Kunst-
liebenden auf das allergetreueste entdecket und treuhertzig beschrieben von Johann
Joachim Weitbrett, Barbierer zu Deckenpfrondt, Calwer Amts. Anno 1723.
It will be noticed that in one title Weitbrett calls himself a surgeon and in the other a barber.
WEITBRETT— WELLING
WEITBRETT QOHANN JOACHIM). Continued.
Schmieder quotes the present work and calls the be confused with de
author Johann Georg Weitbrett. Ladrague does entinus Redivivus, 1716.
book : Basilius Val-
not mention Weitbrett or his book. It must not
Schmieder, Geschichte der Ale hemie, 1832, p. 209.
Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 327.
WELLING (GEORG VON).
Herrn Georgii von Welling Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum.
Darinnen der Ursprung, Natur, Eigenschafften und Gebrauch, des Saltzes,
Schwefels und Mercurii, in dreyen Theilen beschrieben, und nebst sehr
vielen sonderbahren Mathematischen, Theosophischen, Magischen und
Mystischen Materien, auch die Erzeugung der Metallen und Mineralien,
aus dem Grunde der Natur erwiesen wird; Samt dem Haupt-Schliissel des
gantzen Wercks, und vielen curieusen Mago-Cabbalistischen Figuren.
Deme noch beygefiiget : Ein Tractatlein von der Gottlichen Weifsheit ;
Und ein besonderer Anhang, etlicher sehr rar- und kostbahrer Chymischer
Piecen. Nunmehro das erstemahl also zusammen zum Druck befordert
von einem Liebhaber Gottlicher und Natiirlicher Geheimniisse. Homburg
vor der Hohe, Gedruckt bey Joh. Philipp Helwig, Hochfiirstl. Hof-Buch-
druckern, 1735.
4°. Pp. [8] 582 [21, i blank} Title red and Black. 15 engraved plates.
The tracts in the Appendix are the following :
Thorn. Hensing, Discurs von dem Stein der
Weisen, welchen D. Hensing zu Giessen, seinen
Demonstrationibus chemicis publicis praemittiret
hat, Mense Nov., 1722, p. 517.
Alchymische Fragen von dem Universali und
den Particularibus, 1726, aus dem Lateinischen
ubersetzt, p. 532.
Auszug aus dem Lateinischen Manuscript, Manna
Coeleste, das himmlische Manna genannt, p. 549.
Franciscus Sebast. Fulvus Melvolodemet, Pisa-
nus, Non plus ultra Veritatis, das ist : Eine
Untersuchung der Hermetischen Wissenschaft,
P- 556-
George Ripley, Lied von dem neugebohrnen
Chymischen Kbnig, p. 578.
The second edition, a page for page reprint of
the present, was published at Franckfurt and Leipzig
in 1760, and a third, Leipzig, 1784, 4°, is quoted in
the Beytrag zur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785,
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1747, liiii. col. 1580
(merely mentions the edition of Hamburg, 1735,
4°)-
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 164.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 62.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 664.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie
der Rosenkreuzer, 1788, iii. p. 175 ; iv. Chrono-
logisches Register, Ann. 1735.
p. 664. The second edition is in the Bibliotheque
Ouvaroff, Moscow, 1870, No. 1393.
The first book on Salt, appeared in folio, in 1719,
under the name of Gregonus Anglus SALLWIGT
(y.v.). Welling's book, which has only indirectly
to do with alchemy is interesting, as it was the
subject of careful examination by Goethe. An
account of it is given by Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886,
ii. pp. 239-246. He is commended and recom-
mended by Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, i. p. 164
(q.v.).
Welling, according to Kopp, was born, 1652, in
the county Weissenhorn in Swabia, was director of
construction and mines for Baden-Durlach, and
1 Consistorial President ' ; he resigned his official
position in 1723, and retired to Bockenheim near
Frankfurt a. M., where he died in 1727. A man of
culture and independent thought but very super-
stitious. The present work has been described as
1 obscure and practically unintelligible. '
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 323.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 257.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1393.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 13, 37, 87,
220, 239, 240-46, 250, 252, 276, 307.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
212, 256, 260.
Opus Mago-cabalisticum et theosophicum.
See LINDE (DIEDERICH WESSEL), Griindliche Chemische Anmerkungen, 1746.
See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii- P- 23*'
544
WENDELIN— WENZEL
WENDELIN (JOHANN GOTTFRIED).
Dissertationem Inauguralem Medico-Chymicam, de nonnullis Medicamentis
Metallicis illorumque Effectu in Corpore Humano. Autoritate ac Consensu
Gratiosi Medicorum Ordinis pro Gradu Doctoris, summisque in Arte Medica
Privilegiis legitime consequendis D. Maji An. cio ID CCXLIII. Publice
defendet loannes Godofredus Wendelin, Francohusa-Schwarzburgicus.
Halae Magdeburgicae, Typis Jo. Christ. Hendelii, Ac. Typ.
4°. Pp. 84 [4].
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. von isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1788, IV. i.
Haller, 1751, ii. p. 1032 (the present dissertation). p. 171 (the present dissertation only).
George Rud. Boehnier, Systematisch- Liter aer- Billings, Index -Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 379 (the
present dissertation only).
WENZEL (CARL FRIEDRICH).
Chemische Versuche, die Metalle vermittelst der Reverberazion in ihre
Bestandtheile zu zerlegen.
See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1782, ii. p. 321.
The first edition was published at Kopenhaven, 1781, small 4°, pp. [4] 69-78, with a Vorbericht by
Kratzenstein.
Wenzel was born at Dresden in 1740 and
learned the art of book-binding with his father,
but, having determined to go to an uncle he had at
the Cape of Good Hope, at the age of fifteen he
ran away without his father's knowledge to Ham-
burg and Amstersdam. In the places he passed
through he supported himself by seal-engraving,
which art he had learned in his leisure time. In
Amsterdam so many obstacles arose against his
going to Africa, that he was obliged to remain
where he was. He became acquainted with a clever
apothecary and surgeon, who, observing Wenzel's
liking for pharmacy, made him his assistant,
taught him surgery and chemistry, and took him
to Greenland, when he was sailing as ship's sur-
geon. After this voyage he stopped at Amsterdam
and worked at chemistry, and went a second time
to Greenland with his teacher, and on the death of
the latter during the voyage, Wenzel took his place.
On his arrival at Amsterdam he resolved to go
back to his own country and study more thor-
oughly the sciences which he had commenced.
Before he could accomplish this he was obliged to
enter the Dutch service as surgeon, but after some
time he resigned his post, returned to Saxony, and
in 1766 went to Leipzig and for three years studied
mathematics, physics and chemistry. Having
settled at Dresden he devoted himself to chemistry,
made experiments, published some chemical writ-
Liborius ab Indagine, Chemisch-Physicalische
Nebenstunden, Hof, 1780, p. 125.
Baumer, Bibliotbeca Chemica, 1782, p. 63.
Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon
der jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 4te
Ausg. , 1784, iv. p. 178.
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1786, I. ii.
pp. 364 (Einleitung zur hohern Chymie welche die
Zerlegung der Korper in sich enthalt. i. Theil,
Leipzig, Holle, 1773, 8°, pp. 182), 376 (Lehre von
der Verwandschaft der Korper, Dresd., Gerlach,
1777, in 8, pp. 92 ; ibid., 1778, pp. 484. Vorbericht
plag. 5 & reviews).
Intelligenzblatt der allgemeinen Liter atur-Zeit-
ings, and at Kratzenstein's instigation investigated
the question proposed by the Danish Academy at
Copenhagen about the resolution of metals into
their elements by reverberation, the reply to which
contained in the present paper won him the prize.
In 1780 he was in the Administration of the
Saxon Mines at Freyberg, and six years later
director and chemist of the porcelain works at
Meissen, which positions he occupied till his death,
26 Feb., 1793. He was a member of the Economic
Society of Leipzig, and of the Royal Danish
Academy at Copenhagen.
He wrote several works on chemistry and metal-
lurgy, among which are : ' Einleitung zur hoheren
Chymie,' Leipzig, 1774 (1773), 8° ; ' Chymische
Untersuchung des Flufsspaths,' Dresden, 1783, 8°,
pp. [1-7] 8-51 [i blank] ; ' Lehre von der Verwand-
schaft der KOI per,' Dresden, 1777 (1776), 8° ; 1779,
8° ; 1782, 8°, pp. [4] [1-3] 4-491 [i]. This last is
one of the most important of its time, and contains
a very great amount of quantitative and qualitative
experimental work. Baumer says correctly : ' Hie
liber quoque inter solidiora chemiae scripta merito
referendus est.' Ab Indagine, however, accuses
Wenzel of having claimed the authorship of the
' stolen manuscript ' : ' Einleitung in die hohere
Chemie,' and calls him an 'arch-cheat ' ! I do not
know what are the grounds of this writer's animus
against him.
ung vom Jahre 1793, Jena, Numero 89, 31 Aug.,
1793, col. 706 (obituary notice).
Friedrich Schlichtegroll, Nekrolog aitf das Jahr
1793, Gotha, Vierter Jahrgang, ii. pp. 291-
294.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 247,
252, 329, 386 (Affinity, Dresden, 1777), 532 (mag-
netism of cobalt), 955.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 445 ('Lehre von der Verwandschaft,'
1777, but calls him Carl August Wenzel).
F. C. G. Hirsching, Historisch-litterarisches
Handbuch beriihmter und denkwurdiger Personen,
•welche in dem achtzehnten Jahrhundertgelebt haben,
Leipzig, 1813, XVI. i. p. 190.
WENZEL—WESTENDORF 545
WENZEL (CARL FRIEDRICH). Continued.
Biographie Universelle, 1827, 1. p. 361 : no date, Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
xliv. p. 472 (article by Gley). worterbuch, 1863, col. 1297.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 566. Kopp, Die Entwickelung der Chemie in der
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 342, neueren Zeit, 1873, pp. 223 (definite proportion),
361, 362, 365 ; 1844, ii. pp. 70, 72, 74, 75, 254, 297, 250-252 (his views on affinity).
316, 356-359 (researches on chemical proportions) ; Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 80 (the present
1845, iii. pp. 56, 143 ; 1847, iv. pp. 34, 120, 124. paper) ; ii. p. 173 (composition of metals).
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1896, xli. p.
1855, pp. 346, 592, 603 (life), 697, 725 (all about 739 (article by Oppenheimer).
affinity).
WENZEL (SAMUEL GOTTLOB).
See VATER (CHRISTIAN), Chymische Abhandlung, 1768.
WERCK (Ein) von der Alchimey.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614,
Theil ii. p. 212.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 519.
WERCK des Steins der Weisen.
See H. (E.), Ein ausfiihrlicher Tractat, von Philosophischen Werck des Steins
der Weisen, 1702.
WESENTLICHEN (Von den) Anfangen der Natur, und dero Nachfolgerin der
wahren Chemiae.
See VIER aufserlesene Teutsche Chemische Biichlein, 1697, p. i.
WESTENDORF QOHANN CHRISTOPH).
Disputatio Inauguralis Chemico-Medica De Optima Acetum Concentratum
eiusdemque Naphtham Conficiciendi (sic) Ratione utriusque Affectionibus
ac Vsu Medico quam inclyti Medicorum ordinis consensu in Academia
Georgia Augusta pro gradu Doctoris legitime capessendo publice proponit
Auctor loann. Christophorus Westendorf Wismariensis die x Octobris.
MDCCLXXII. Goettingae Litteris loannis Henrici Schulzii, Acad.
Typogr.
4°. Pp. [6] 75 [3].
Westendorf was born at Wismar, 25 March, paper to Baldinger's Magasin fiir Aerztc, B. i.
1740. He was doctor of medicine, Hofrath, St. 4, ' Bemerkung eines Urins mil blauem Boden-
and practising physician at Giistrow. Previously satze,' and several anonymous articles to the
he had spent several years in St. Petersburg medical journals,
in charge of the great laboratory there. Be- His death occurred 26 May, 1803.
sides the present disputation he contributed a
Gbttingische Anzeigen von gelehrten Sachen, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemit, 1799, iii. p. 510
1773, p. 25 (review of the present work). (method of preparing strong acetic acid).
Commentarii de rebus in Scienlia Natvrali et Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon
Medicina gestis, Lipsiae, 1775, xxi. pp. 218-222 derietzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller^te Ausg.,
(favourable review of Westendorf's dissertation). 1804, Nachtrag, vi. p. 1024 ; 1805, viii. p. 743 ;
Medical and Philosophical Commentaries by a 1806, ix. p. 393 ; 5te Ausg., 1800, viii. p. 467 ; 1805,
Society in Edinburgh, 1776, IV. i. pp. 395-398 xi. p. 742 ; 1812, xvi. (Supplement iv.) p. 203
(abstract of the facts about acetic acid). (Reviews in Joh. Beckmann's Physikalisch-ocono-
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch-Literaer- mische Bibliothek}.
isches Handbuch der Naturgtsckichte, 1786, I. ii. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker,
p. 533 (the present disputation). I®55> PP- ^4T (not'ce °f h's life). 690, 694, &c. , &c.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 397.
II. 2 M
546 WESTPHAL US— WIEGLEB
WESTPHALUS QOSEPHUS).
Von der Goldtinctur der Weisen aus den Metallen mit Anmerkungen von F.
See SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEF WILHELM), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek,
1774, II. ii- P- i.
WIDERLEGUNG etlicher Johan-Rudolff Glaubers . . . Schrifften.
See GRUNDLICHE WIDERLEGUNG, l66l.
WIEGLEB (JOHANN CHRISTIAN).
See DOSSIE (ROBERT), 1783.
Geschichte des Wachsthums und der Erfindungen in der Chemie, in der
neuern Zeit. Von Johann Christian Wiegleb. Ersten Bandes erster Theil,
von 1651 bis 1700. Mit Konigl. Preufsischer Kurbrandenburgischer
allergnadigster Freyheit. Berlin und Stettin, bey Friedrich Nicolai, 1790.
8°. Pp. [10] i-no [18, 2].
Zweiter Theil, von 1701 bis 1750.
Pp. 111-256.
Zweiter Band, von 1751 bis 1790. Berlin . . . 1791.
Pp. [10] 620 [2 blank].
This work is arranged chronologically, and is a and short abstracts and reviews*of books ; notices
sort of brief ' Jahresbericht. ' It consists of lists of chemists, and accounts of processes and products.
Handbuch der allgemeinen Chemie von Johann Christian Wiegleb. Erster
Band. Mit Konigl. Preufsischer allergnadigsten Freiheit. Berlin und
Stettin, bey Friedrich Nicolai. 1781.
8°. Pp. [8] 632.
Zweyter Band. [4] 696 [18, 2 blank].
There is a list of chemical authors at the end of physical, pharmaceutical, descriptive, technical and
vol. ii., pp. 678-696. This is a general treatise economic chemistry. The third edition appeared
on all branches of the subject, including pure, in 1796, 3 vols., 8°.
Historisch-kritische Untersuchung der Alchemie, oder der eingebildeten Gold-
macherkunst ; von ihrem Ursprunge sowohl als Fortgange, und was nun
von ihr zu halten sey. von Johann Christian Wiegleb, der Rom. Kayserl.
Akademie der Naturforscher, und der Churmaynz. Akademie niitzlicher
Wissenschaften Mitgliede. Neue Ausgabe. Weimar, bey Hoffmanns
Wittwe und Erben. 1793.
8°. Pp. [22] 437 [2] [i blank].
Wiegleb discusses the production and amount of and silver which renders transmutation impossible,
gold in ancient times; the evidence for an early Wiegleb's book was answered by Kortum (y.v.).
acquaintance with transmutation ; reported cases The first edition appeared in 1777, 8°, pp. [22]
of transmutation, some of which he examines 437 [2, i blank],
minutely and controverts ; and the nature of gold
Johann Christian Wiegleb's, Apothekers in Langensalza, kleine chymische
Abhandlungen von dem grossen Nutzen der Erkenntnifs des Acidi Pinguis
bey der Erklarung vieler chymischen Erscheinungen, nebst einer Vorrede,
WIEGLEB
547
WIEGLEB (JOHANN CHRISTIAN). Continued.
worinnen Herrn Meyers Leben erzahlt und von dessen Verdiensten gehandelt
wird von E. G. Baldinger, der Weltweisheit und Arzney Doctor, Prof.
Publ. auf der Universitat zu Jena. Zweyte Auflage. Langensalza, in
Job. Christian Martini Verlag 1771.
8°. Pp. 182 [2 blank].
At p. 113 is another title :
Jphann Christian Wiegleb's Apothekers in Langensalza fortgesetzte kleine
chymische Abhandlungen. Langensalza 1770. bey Johann Christian Martini.
The paging, however, is continuous.
Wiegleb had been a believer in Meyer's Acidwn
pingue, and some of the papers were written from
in Meyer's experiments on lime ; the cause of the
green colour when spirit of wine containing
that standpoint, but subsequently he changed his " sedative salt " (boracic acid) is burned; the pre-
views, as he states also in the 'Vorrede' to his ~« •*»»?»»•• «r. «>.;»<» ~..^,,;™».-.»« „„,! ^f ..„,! „„„:„:.„»„
Historisch-kritische Untersuchung der A Ichemie.
The papers refer to the colour of cinnabar and
red precipitate, the formation of glass, mutual
precipitation of iron and copper, note on a passage
paration of white precipitate and of red precipitate.
They are interesting and ingenious. Baldinger's
preface is of importance for the account it gives of
the famous Johann Friedrich Meyer, of Osna-
bruck.
Die natiirliche Magie, aus allerhand belustigenden und niitzlichen Kunststitcken
bestehend; zusammengetragen von Johann Christian Wiegleb. Mit Kupfern,
Zweyte und vermehrte Auflage. Berlin und Stettin, bey Friedrich
Nicolai, 1782.
8°. Pp. [26] 48, 461. Index [7]. 12 folding plates of physical apparatus.
The book has a second title-page as follows :
Johann Nikolaus Martius Unterricht in der natiirlichen Magie, oder zu allerhand
belustigenden und niitzlichen Kunststiicken ; vollig umgearbeitet von Johann Christian
Wiegleb. Mit Kupfern, &c. , as above.
Pp. 1-48 contain the dissertation on Magic by Prof. Eberhard of Halle.
Mai tius' work : Dissertatio inauguralis Physico-
Medica, de Magia Naturali, ejusque usu medico
ad magice et magica curandum, was sustained as
a graduation thesis in 1700 at Erfurt, and was pub-
lished there that year by Joh. Henr. Grosch, 4°,
pp. 44. An edition of the text, with a large num-
ber of notes and references added, was published,
Lipsiae, Literis Andr. Mart. Schedii, 1715, 4°, pp.
[1-6] 7-78 [2 blank], and a third edition, Lips.,
1717, 8°, is recorded. A good number of years
later a German translation was published by
Nicolai of Berlin : Joh. Nikol Martius Unterricht
von der Magia natural!, und derselben medicin-
ischen Gebrauch, auf magische Weise, wie auch
bezauberte Dinge, zu kuriren, 1751. This had
gone out of print and was asked for, but the pub-
lisher, aware of its defects, was loth simply to
reprint it, and desired rather to modernise it into
a book of natural magic, taking advantage of the
newest discoveries in chemistry and physics. This
work was undertaken by Wiegleb and it appeared
with two title-pages, one general : Johann Nikolaus
Martius Unterricht in der natiirlichen Magie . . .
umgearbeitet von Johann Christian Wiegleb, Mit
Kupfern, Berlin und Stettin bey Friedrich Nicolai,
1779 ; and another special : Die nattirliche Magie,
aus allerhand belustigenden und niitzlichen Kunst-
stucken bestehend ; zusammengetragen von Johann
Christian Wiegleb. It forms an octavo volume,
pp. [2] iv. [2] 68, 416 [n, i blank], 9 plates illus-
trating electrical, magnetic, optical and other
experiments and apparatus. Prefixed, pp. 1-48, is
a dissertation on magic by Prof. Johann Peter
Eberhard of Halle, which is notable, not for the
view that it takes, but for the necessity of such a
discussion at all in the century which boasted so of
its incredulity and enlightenment.
The book is in eight sections and describes
experiments with electricity, magnetism, optics,
chemistry, mechanics, hydrostatics, etc., numbers,
oeconomics, cards. It is entirely different from
Martius' original dissertation, and it was quite
unnecessary to retain his name. In fact Wiegleb
who himself mentions it (Handbuch der allge-
•nuinen Chemie, 1781, ii. p. 696, No. 23), takes no
notice of Martius.
This book also was in demand, for in 1782
Nicolai published a new edition, in which Wiegleb
added to several of the sections paragraphs relating
to recent discoveries. The above is a copy of this
volume. Apparently Wiegleb had not intended to
do more, but in 1786 he brought out a second
volume as a continuation, and also as the con-
clusion of the work. In his preface he gives a.
defence of his choice of such a subject, which has
a very curious ring about it at the present day,
and shows the rudimentary state in which the
physical sciences were at the time. But they had
begun to move, and in 1789 an additional
volume was called for, but as Wiegleb was unable
to undertake the preparation of it, he banded it
over to Gottfried Enrich, or Erich, Rosenthal,
who continued it on the same lines and published
practically a volume a year till 1805, when he
brought it to a conclusion with the nineteenth
volume and added the twentieth containing the
548
WIEGLEB
WIEGLEB (JOHANN CHRISTIAN). Continued.
general index. The change in the character of the
book is very noticeable, for from being a collection
of mere juggling tricks or hocus-pocus in physics
and chemistry, and with cards and numbers, it
gradually became scientific and experimental, and
recorded more and more of the discoveries making
at the end of the eighteenth century, so that it
assumed something of the character of a Jahres-
bericht on most of these topics. It is a book,
therefore, of some importance and interest for the
early history of modern physics.
What was announced as a third enlarged edition
was begun in 1789. The first volume which bears
that date and number is simply a reprint of the
first volume of the edition of 1782, and is in no
sense a new and enlarged edition. The succeeding
volumes which I have seen accompanying it, dated
respectively 1786, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, and 1793,
belong to the second edition.
"Martius," according to Rotermund, "was a
celebrated practitioner in Brunswick who wrote
1 De magia naturali ejusque usu medico ad magice
et magica curandum,' Lips., 1715, 4°. "
Chemische Untersuchung uber den Kiesel.
See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 251.
Johann Christian Wiegleb was born 21 Dec.,
1732, at Langensalza, where his father, Christian
Ludwig Wiegleb, was an advocate. After his
school years in his native town he learned the
apothecary's art at Dresden under Sartorius, and
devoted himself especially to chemistry as his pro-
fession, though at the same time he acquired much
knowledge of languages, history and philosophy.
He served his native place as supervisor of its
apothecaries and also as Senator and finally as
Oberkammerer.
He became a member of the Churmaynz
Academy of useful sciences (Churmaynzische Aca-
demie niitzlicher Wissenschaften), and of the
Academia Naturae Curiosorum.
He executed not only a great amount of work in
his own investigations and in revising and criticis-
ing those of others, but he was a most diligent
writer and translator and editor of chemical books,
the works which passed through his hands receiv-
Commentarii de rebus in Scientia Naturali et
Medicina gestis, Lips., 1775, xxi. p. 223 (review of
his experiments on salts of the alkalis ; see also
xviii. p. 489).
Friedrich August Weiz, Das Gclehrte Sachsen
oder Verzeichnifs derer in der Churfurstl. Sachs,
und incorporirten Landern jetztlebenden Schrift-
steller und ihrer Schriften, Leipzig, 1780, p. 276.
Denkwiirdigkeiten aus dem Leben ausgezeich-
neter Menschen des 18 Jahrh., p. 237. (I have not
seen this.)
Baumer, Bibliotheca Cheinica, 1782, p. 47.
Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon
der ietst lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 4e Ausg. ,
1784, iv. p. 204 ; Nachtrag, 1786, i. p. 699 ; 1787,
ii. p. 427; 1788, Hi. p. 396; 1791, iv. p. 812 ; 1795,
V. ii. p. 545 (all these refer to his works).
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
P- S65-
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichle, 1786, I. ii.
pp. 362 (list of papers, Handbuch der allgemeinen
Chymie ; references to reviews of these), 374, 376
(affinity), 706; 1788, IV. i. pp. 337 (the above
Kleine . . . Abhandlungen, &c.), 364.
Taschenbuch fur Alchemisten, 1790, p. 18 (calls
Wiegleb ' ein Mann der es besser mit den Alchem-
isten meint, als sie glauben, und den sie ohne alle
Ursache verkezern,' enumerates his chief writings
and praises them, and recommends the perusal of
his historical criticism of alchemy).
Bougin6, Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar-
geschichte, 1792, v. p. 77.
Metzger, Skizze eiiter pragmatischcn Literdr-
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, § 10, p. 6.
ing his annotations and remarks. His writings
may be regarded as a library of the older chemistry
in all its branches.
He died 16 Jan., 1800. His likeness is in the
42nd vol. of the Allgemeine Teutsche Bibliothek
and in the Berlin Jahrbuch der Pharmacie for 1795.
Besides the above he was the author of the fol-
lowing works :
Vertheidigung der Meyerischen Lehre vom Acido
pingui, Alten. , 1770, 8°.
Chemische Versuche uber die alcalischen Salze,
Berlin und Stettin, 1774, 8°.
Rud. Aug. Vogel, Lehrsatze der Chymie aus dem
Lateinischen iibersetzt und mit Anmerkungen
begleitet, Weimar, 1775, 8°.
Neuer Begrif von der Gahrung und den ihr
unterwiirfigen Korpern, Weimar, 1766, 8°.
G. A. Hofmann, Anleitung zur Chemie fur
Kiinstler und Fabricanten, 2te Auflage, nebst
Anmerkungen, Gotha, 1779, 8°.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 356
(translation of Dossie's book), 686 (translation of
R. Aug. Vogel's ' Institutiones '), 693 (translation
of Boerhaave's ' Elementa ') ; 1799, iii. pp. 284,
294, 298, 305, 306 (Meyer's ' Acidum pingue'), 386,
388, 553-555 (chief researches), 615-616, 654, 658
(portrait), 660, 665, 669 (History of Alchemy), 671
(History of the progress of chemistry), 701-2
(analyses of minerals), 756, 764, 770, 773, 838,
856.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(C 'hernia et Res Metallica), pp. 33, 149, 168.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, pp. 368, 380, 416, 432, 454, 470, 473, 489-
49°. 5I3-
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, Roter-
mund's Fortsetzung und Ergiinzungen, Bremen,
1813, iv. col. 884.
F. C. G. Hirsching, Historisch-litterarisches
Handbuch beruhmter und denkwiirdiger Personen
welche in dem achtzehnten Jahrhundertgelebthabcn,
Leipzig, 1815, XVI., ii. p. 5.
Biographie Medicate, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 500.
Biographie Universelle, 1827, 1. 500 ; no date,
xliv. p. 574.
Scnmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 317,
592.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 342 ;
1844, ii. pp. 72, 254, 259, 418, 419 ; 1845, iii. pp.
38-40 (cause of causticity), 49, 151, 154, 158, 160,
217, 234, 369 ; 1847, iv. pp. 44, 62, 67, 187, 192,
284, 29~6, 316, 323, 354, 355.
Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker^
1855, pp. 350, 606-608 (his life), 731.
WIEGLEB- WIENNER 549
WIEGLEB (JOHANN CHRISTIAN). Continued.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 435.
worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1320. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1897, xlii. p.
Nouvelle Biographie Glntrale, 1866, xlvi. col. 721. 390 (article by Carl Oppenheimer).
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
Secretes, 1870, No. 573. 260, 555 (his life), &c.
Kopp, Die Akhemie, 1886, i. p. 234; ii. pp. 156,
297.
*
WIENNER (ALOYS) von Sonnenfels.
H30 ""fitf Splendor Lucis, oder Glantz des Lichts, enthaltend eine kurtze
Physico-Cabalistische Auslegung des grosten Natur-Geheimnufs ; Insgemein
Lapis Philosophorum genannt. Aus dem Hebrseischen Grund-Text der
Heil. Schrift gezogen in Hebneisch- und Teutscher Sprach gleichlautend
heraus gegeben ab Aloysio Wienner, Nobile a Sonnenfelfs, Variarum
Linguarum Orientalium Magistro Antiquissimse & Celeberrimae Universitatis
Viennensis, & Professore Private.
D^nysiu mm man TIS +3 martn -njo nsnb *ns mm
:7orp b&wi nrri nwb (i* f^w)
Wienn, Verlegts Johann Joseph Pentz, Buchhandlern, 1747.
8°. Pp. [4] 219 [i blank], i folding sheet with symbolic figures.
In the Beytrag it is remarked satirically : Die — Das blendet I Schmieder quotes the book. No
Hand vor das Gesicht, und kaum kann ich sehen. one says anything about the author.
Splendor Lucis, oder Glanz des Lichts. Eine kurze physico-
cabalistische Auslegung des grofsten Naturgeheimnisses, insgemein Lapis
Philosophorum genannt. Aus dem hebraischen Grundtexte der heiligen
Schrift gezogen von Aloysio Wienner, Nobile a Sonnenfels, variarum
linguarum orientalium Magistro antiquissimae et celeberrimae Vniversitatis
Viennensis, et Professore private.
DTiyaio mm man -m -a m/ann TINS ruai T« nrr
JTar-1 bx IIH m-i w^b (f ^VwflfO
Aufs neue herausgegeben von Adamah Booz. Nebst einem Anhange.
Frankfurt u. Leipzig, bey A. F. Bohmen 1785.
8°. Pp. 143 [i blank].
This edition has no plate of symbols, and the Hebrew chapters are omitted. The
Hebrew is incorrectly printed.
The appendix (pp. 115-143) is entitled : Ein altes und seltenes Manuscript von
einem Venetian ischen Adupten betreffend die Ausarbeitung des Steins der Weisen.
Den Liebhabern der Alchymie zu Gefallen zum erstenmal zum Druck befbrdert.
Zedler quotes the author as ' Wienner ab Aloy- Tn reality that is merely a reissue, with an altered
sio,1 which is a curious inversion. Kopp calls him title-page and omission of the table of errata, of
Sonnenfels. Extracts from the present work are the actual first edition : Wien, gedruckt bey
given in the Taschenbuch fiir Alchemislen, where Leopold Johann Kaliwoda, auf dem Dominicaner-
it is severely criticised. Platz, 1745, 8°, pp. [4] 219 [i blank], folding table.
The first edition is commonly said to be of 1747. The licence is dated 1745 in both issues.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1748, Ivi. col. 508. Schmieder, Gtschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 546.
p. 670. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Taschenbuch fiir Akhemisten, 1790, p. 144. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1464, 1465.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 324. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 388.
55°
WIG AND— WILHELM
WIGAND vom Rothen Schilde.
Die Herrlichkeit der Welt.
See LANGE (JOHANN), Des hochgelehrten Philalethae und anderer auserlesene
Chymische Tractatlein, 1748, p. 331 ; 1749, p. 331.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqff, Sciences
p. 626. Secretes, 1870, No. 1317.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 12, Kopp, Die Akhemie, 1886, ii. p. 336.
note d.
WILCKENS (HEINRICH DAVID), M.A.
Aufsatze mathematischen, physikalischen, chemischen Inhalts, von H. D.
Wilckens, A.M. Erstes Heft, mit Kupfern. Gottingen, bey Johann
Christian Dieterich. 1790.
8°. Pp. xx, 3-95 [i blank]. Plate and table.
This part is mathematical.
In addition to the present work he wrote the
following :
Von den Pflichten, Arbeiten und dabey nothigen
Vorsichten eines Chemisten, als Einladungsschrift
zu seinen Vorlesungen, Gottingen, Rosenbusch,
1790, 8°, pp. 24. (This is quoted by Gmelin, and
a copy is given by Billings).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 296
(the above 'Aufsatze'), 305 (questions as to the
negative weight of phlogiston), 661. [The first two
Gmelin ascribes to a H. A. Wilckens, the last, his
inaugural address, to H. D. Wilckens.]
Einige Erinnerungen uber das unbrauchbare
Gras; in the Braunschweig. Magazin, 1792, St. 49.
Etwas uber das Erdol im Fiirstenthum Wolfen-
btittel, Ibid., 1805, St. 28.
Die Anfangsgriinde der natiirlichen Holzzucht,
Braunschweig, 1801, 8°.
Die Anfangsgriinde der weidmannischen Sprache
von den Thieren, Ib., 1801, 8°.
Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon
der jetat lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, Ste
Ausg., 1812, xvi. (Supplement iv.), p. 229; 1827,
xxi. (Supplement ix.), p. 570.
WILD (JOHANN RUDOLPH).
Versuch einer Charakteristik des Verhaltnisses der Alchemic zur Magie,
Astrologie und verwandten ahnlichen Wissenschaften, mit besonderer Beriick-
sichtigung der alchemistischen Zeichen. Von Johann Rudolph Wild d. J.
Mit adit lithographirten Tafeln. Cassel, 1841. Im Verlag der J.
Luckhardt'schen Hofbuchhandlung.
8°. Pp. x [2] 68. 8 Tables.
Job. Rudolph Wild, jr., was born 10 Jan., 1813, the present tract was the author of a ' Beschreibung,
at Cassel, learned pharmacy in his father's shop Bereitung und Priifung der . . . Arzneimittel,"
there, and studied under Wackenroder at Jena. Kassel, 1841, 1842, and he worked also on the
He succeeded his father in 1849, and in addition to Pharmacopoeia of 1861. He died in 1868.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp. 683, 727.
WILHELM (FRANZ HEINRICH MENOLPH).
Franc. Henr. M. Wilhelm Philosophiae et Medicinae Doctoris et Professoris
Publ. Ordin. Pharmacopoea Wirceburgensis. Edito secunda immutata.
Bambergae Sumtibus Viduae Tobiae Goebhardt 1796.
8°. Pp. [4! 4, 249, [16, i blank]. Vignette.
WILHELM— W1LLICH1US
WILHELM (FRANZ HEINRICH MENOLPH). Continued.
The first edition of the present work had the
following title : Pharmacopoea Herbipolitana, in
usum patriae congesta, Wirceb., 1782, 8°, pp. 249,
and annexed theses, pp. 16.
The author was born at Niedernklein, in the
Kurmainz Oberamt Amoeneburg, 5 Oct., 1725.
He graduated D. Phil, and M.D., was appointed
Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon
der jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller , 4te
Ausg., 1784, iv. p. 215; Nachtrag, 1795, V. ii. pp.
553. 631.
George Rud. Boehmer, Syslematisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1786, I. ii. p.
328 (edition of 1782 ; references to reviews of it).
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 539. (He calls him Franc. Henr.
ordinary professor of chemistry and practice of
medicine in the University of Wtirzburg, Hofrath
and Leibarzt, and physician of the Juliet and
Dieterich Hospital. He was the author of a num-
ber of medical papers. His death happened on
20 July, 1794.
Meinilph. Willhelm ; the respondens was Job. Will-
helm. He reads ' digesta' for ' congesta.')
Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 503.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, V.
ii. p. 642.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 408.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 452.
WILHELMUS TECENENSIS.
See TECENENSIS (WILHELMUS).
WILLE (MATTHES).
De Salis Origine, ejusque Incremento, Accremento et Decreraento. Tractatus
Philosophicus. Das ist. Von des Saltzes und seiner Qvellen Uhrsprunge,
Fort- Aus- und Endlichen Untergange. Wobey mit angefugt. Nutzliche
Anmerckungen, so bey und auff Bergw. konnen observiret werden, ingleichen
Vera Virgulae Mercurialis Relatio. Das ist wahrhafftiger und grundlicher
Bericht von der Wiinschel-Ruthen, anitzo aufs Neue iibersehen an etzlichen
Orthen vermehret und uf begehren und vielfaltiges anhalten, zum andern
mahle heraus gegeben von Matthes Willen, Rer. Natur. Cultore. Jena,
Druckts Johann Gollner. Verlegts Gottfriedt Schmiedt. Jm Jahr. 1684.
4°. Sigs. A-L in fours ; or ff. [44]. The Vera Virgulae Mercurialis Relatio has
a separate title, F4.
Of this author nothing seems to be known beyond
his writings. Jpcher calls him Mathias Willen, a
chemist who lived about 1684, and wrote the
tracts. Zedler enters him under the name Mathes
Wille, but gives different dates to the tracts :
1. Vom Ursprunge des Saltzes, Jena, 1686, in 4.
2. Beschreibung der Wiinschel-Ruthe, Nurnberg,
1694, in 8, mit Kupffern.
Boehmer quotes an edition of this tract of Jena,
1656, 4°, as well as the present of 1684, and that of
1686, 4°, ' aufs neue Iibersehen, vermehrt und zum
dritten mal herausgegeben, nebst Beschreibung der
Wiinschelruthe. ' To the last tract he assigns also
a different title : Heimlicher und unerforschlicher
Agricola, De Re Metallica, 1561, p. 26.
Kircher, Mundus Subterraneus, 1665, ii. p. 180,
§17-
Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractatus,
1700, pp. 775-780 (Cap. vii. §lxv. concerning the
divining-rod).
Naturkundiger, oder Beschreibung von der Wun-
schelruthe, Yen., 1684, 4°.
The third edition was published : Jena, . . .
bey Johann Gollnern, 1686, 4°, pp. 87 [i blank].
The first tract discusses the variations which are
observed in salt springs. The second is an exposi-
tion of the principles involved in the divining-rod
and the conditions under which it acts. Here it is
used for discovering salt. See Agricola, De Re
Metallica, with the drawing, for its use in mining ;
Kircher, Mundus Subterraneus, and Paschius.
Wille was the author also of a work : Hali-
graphia Sulzensis, lenae, 1670, 8°.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1748, Ivii. col. ii.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1992.
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Nalurgeschickte, 1788, IV. i.
PP- 389. 398 ; 1789, IV. ii. p. 391.
WILLICHIUS (IODOCUS).
Vrinarum Probationes, D. lodoci VVillichii Reselliani : Illustratae Scholis Medicis,
Hieronymi Reusneri Leorini D. Med. In quibus Principia solidae Vroscopiae,
552
WILLICHIUS
WILLICHIUS (IODOCUS). Continued.
ad solidae Philosophise fontes reuocantur : multiq; medicorum errores dete-
guntur. His accessere variae Matularum delineationes : atq; genuini vrinarum
colores. Remedia item plurima ex urina desumpta : maxima uerb ex parte
Chemica. Cum Gratia & Priuileg. Caes. Maiest. Basilese, Per Sebastianum
Henricpetri.
8°. Pp. [24] 341 [i colophon, i blank, i printer's design.] Numerous woodcuts
of a flask intended apparently to be hand coloured. Colophon : Basileae, per Sebasti-
anum Henricpetri, Anno Salutis nostrae instauratae, cl3.Io.xxcn. Mense Septembri.
He was the author of the following tract, to
which I have not observed any allusion by those
who discuss his writings : De Salinis Cracovianis
observatio Autore lodoco Willichio Reselliano.
[Vignette.] 8°. Sigs. A8, B6 [2 blank, wanting?].
No pagination. Colophon, Bvj recto: Cracouie per
HieronymS Victore. Anno salutis, M.D.XLIII.
The vignette : A shield, parted per pale, argent
and sable, with a large fleur de lis, countercharged
of the same; crest, a mailed soldier from the
middle, holding a flag sable in his right hand,
argent in his left ; on his helmet a fleur de lis
parted per pale, sable and argent. The address
by Vuillicnius to D. Severinus Bonerus a Balitz,
chief of the salt works of the kingdom of Sarmatia,
is dated: Ferijs d. Georgij, M.D.LXIII. (sic)
Cracouie. This work, dedicated to Wladislaus
Wolfgangus Justus (Jobst), Chronologic., sive
temporum supputatio omnium illuslrium medi-
corum, 1556, p. 166.
Guillielmus Budaeus, Thanatologia, Francof. a.
M. (1600), p. 226 (d. 12 Nov. 1552, aged 51).
Matthasus Hostius, De Vita Jodoci Willichii,
Francof. ad V., 1607, 4°. (I have not seen this.)
Wolffgang Kriiger, Catalogus et Historologia
Mille Virorum . . . illustrium. Das ist : Kurtze
vnd Historische verzeichnifs vnd Beschreibung
Tausent vnterschiedlicher Keyser, . . . Erffurdt,
1616, f. 142 verso. (This is the younger Willichius,
however ).
Adami, Vita Germanorum Medicorum, 1620,
p. 64.
Draudius, Bibliotheca Classica, 1625, pp. 200
('arsmagirica,' 1553), 1002 ('Vrinarum probationes,'
1582), 1324 (' de locustis, ' Arg. , 1544), 1421 (' Isa-
goge in Aristotelis, Alberti Magni & Pontani
meteora,' Fran. a. V., 1549), 1429, 1495 (' Opus-
culum de formando studio,1 Franc, a. V., 1549),
1594 (edition of Terence), 1604 (Virgil's ' Bucolics '),
1605, 1610, & .passim.
Van der Linden, De Serif Us Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 315.
Quenstedt, Dialogus de Patriis illustrium
doctrina et scriptis virorum, Wittebergas, 1654, p.
258 ; 1691, p. 258.
Konig, Bibliotheca Vetus et Nova, 1678, p. 869.
Christoph Hartknoch, Selecia Dissertation es
historic^ de variis rebus Prussicis, 1679, Diss. iii.
pp. 53 (a reference to his commentary on Tacitus'
book ' De moribus Germanorum '), 54 (note on his
life).
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis philosophica, 1682,
pp. i6a, ma, n6b, 223 b, 381 b, 5843, 591 a,
731 a, 827 a, 1074 a.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 707
(with biography).
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . .
Introductio, 1687, pp. 113 (Int. cap. iii. §39), 219
(Int. cap. vi. §7).
IV., and with a preface edited by Jo. Broscius,
was published again at Danzig, 1645, 8°, and was
included in Lorenz Christoph Mizler's Collectio
Scriptorum Poloniae, To. i. No. 19.
Willichius, one of the most learned, accomplished
and brilliant men of his time, was born at Resel in
Prussia, in 1501, studied philosophy, medicine and
theology, and took his degrees. He wrote com-
mentaries on Virgil's Bucolics, taught at Erfurt,
and became professor of Greek and medicine at
Frankfurt a. d. O. He died of apoplexy 12 Nov.,
1552. He published works on cookery, anatomy,
medicine, etc., and in the present treatise was
about the first to point out the real value of
uroscopy. He was fond of music, and with his
friends held a collegium musicum every month.
His wife was sister of Wolfgang Justus or Jobst.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 1233, plate 55.
Joh. Christoph Becmann, Notitia Universitatis
Franco) rurtana ', Francof. ad Viadrum, 1707, pp.
226-231 (from Hostius' ' Vita Willichii Senioris ').
Teissier, Les Eloges des Hommes Savans, 1727, i.
p. 124.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 617.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 574.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce,
1732, p. 153 (quotes 'de salinis Cracovianis,'
Dantisc., 1645, 8°).
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. 335 (I. 1. ii. c. ii.
§26) ; 563 (I. 1. iii. c. ii. §4), 750 (I. 1. iv. c. iv. §4).
Motschmann, Erfordia literata, 1733, 2e Fort-
setzung, pp. 222-224.
Kurlze Nachricht von den Biichern und deren
Urhebern in der Stollischen Bibliothec, 1736, Der
siebende Theil, pp. 714 (notice of his 'Ars
Majirica,' on diet and cookery ; a rare book) ; 715
(authorities for his life, &c.).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrttn-Lexicon, 1740,
p. 917.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1748, Ivii. cols. 241-
243-
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. von
Haller, 1751, i. p. 502 ; ii. pp. 680 (the present
work), 849, 1076.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 1996.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
1755. »• P. 459 I 1778, iv. p. 577.
MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 1759,
x. p. 814.
Portal, Histoire de I'Anatomie etde la Chirurgie,
1770, i. p. 444.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 271.
Haller, BibliothecaAnatomica,ijj^, i. pp. 179, 575.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1777, ii.
pp. 107, 236.
WILL1CHIUS— WISSENSCHAFT
553
WILLICHIUS (loDOCUs). Continued.
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1786, 1. ii. pp.
482 (Ars magirica), 574, 575 (Virgil's Bucolics and
Georgics) ; 1786, II. ii. p. 214; 1788, IV. i. p. 403
(De salinis Cracovianis).
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25). vii. p. 504.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
genden Aerate aller Zeiten und Volker, 1888, vi.
p. 283 (by Pagel).
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 468.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1898, xliii. pp.
278-282 (article by R. Schwarze).
WILSON (GEORGE).
A Compleat Course of Chymistry Containing not only the Best Chymical
Medicines but also Great Variety of Useful Observations. The Third
Edition, Carefully Corrected, very much Enlarged, and Illustrated with
Copper Plates. To which are added the Author's Experiments upon
Metals by Way of Appendix. By George Wilson, Chymist. London :
Printed for John Bayley, at the Judge's Head in Chancery-lane. 1709.
8°. Pp. [16, 12, i6j 413 [i blank]. Index [16, 2 blank]. Title red and black.
Portrait. 8 plates of signs and apparatus.
The first edition of this book appeared at London, don, D. Browne, W. Mears & F. Clay, 1721,8°,
1691, 8° ; the second edition, 1699, 8° ; the third xxxi, 8 tab., 6 1., 383 pp., 6 1. (given by Billings) ;
edition, 1709, as above ; the fourth edition, Lon- the fifth edition, 1736.
A eta Eruditorum anno MDCCIII. pub Heat a,
Lipsiae, 1703, pp. 183-186 (review of the 1699
edition).
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 633 (reprint of the review in the
' Acta Eruditorum').
Never Zeilungen von Gelehrten Sachen des Jahrs
MDCCXXXVI Anderer Theil, p. 458. (I have
not seen this.)
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1748, Ivii. colv349-
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. von
Haller, 1751, i. p. 136 ('suum peculiare Systema
habet ').
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 29 (highly
commended).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 695
(' an experienced chemist ').
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 92 (from Baumer).
Billings, IndeX'Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 477.
WIPACHER (DAVID).
De Phlogisto Vnionis Rerum Metallicarum Medio. Disputatio Physica. Quam
Amplissimi Philosophorum Ordinis in Academia Lipsiensium Consensu
Eruditorum Examini ad D. ix. Septembris A. O. R. MDCCLII. Submittet
M. David Wipacher Lipsiensis Medicinae Baccalaureus Respondente Georgio
Gottlob Kuchelbecker Neustad. Varisco Phil, et Med. Cult. Lipsiae
Ex Officina Langenhemiana.
4°- Pp. 52-
Wipacher belonged to Leipzig and graduated Lips., 1753, 4°; Dissertatio resp. God. Frolich de
in 1717. Curiously enough the date of his pro- phlogisto animali ut variorum morborum medela,
motion is contained in this chronogram: DoCtor Lips., 1765, 4°; De thermis Ribariensibus in Hun-
DaVID VVIpaCher. garia. Lips., 1768, 8°, pp. 95; Flora Lipsiensis,
In addition to the above Wipacher wrote: De Lips., 1726, 4°.
phlogisto animali ut variorum morborum causa,
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1748, Ivii. col. 1044.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. von
Haller, 1751, i. p. 229.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 199.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1.777, ii. pp. 495,
521-
George Rud. Boehmer, Syslematisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgtschichte, 1787, III i.
p. 316 ; 1788, IV. i. p. 168 (the present disputation) ;
1789, v. p. 393.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp.4i3-
414, 702, 744.
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 254.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 508.
WISSENSCHAFT.
See HERMETISCHE (Die) Wissenschaft.
5 54 WITESTEIN— WITTICHIUS
WITESTEIN (KARL).
Caroli Witestein seu a Petra Alba, Serenissimse Margaritse ab Austria,
Medici, Disceptatio Philosophica de Quinta Chymicorum Essentia. Accessit
Alexandri Carerij Patauini Qusestio An metalla artis beneficio permutari
possint. Cum Gratia & Priuilegio Caes. Maiest. Basileae, Per Sebastianum
Henricpetri.
8°. Pp. [16] 223 [i]. Vignette.
Witestein, a native of Piacenza, became physician by Borel, Mercklin, Lenglet Dufresnoy, and
of Margareta of Austria. He wrote Vera totius Schmieder. Of Alexander Carerius' dissertation
Medicines forma, Antwerp., Plantin, 1588, 8°, pp. the first edition was published at Padua, 1574,
[16] 367 [i blank, 15, i blank]. The present work 4°, and at Basil, 1582, as well as with Witestein's
is dated 1583 by Schenckius, and this is repeated tract. See the preceding authorities.
Joan. Georgius Schenckius, Biblia latrica siue Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1748, Ivii. col. 1812.
Bibliotheca medico,, 1609, p. 112. Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. von
Draudius, Bibliotheca classica, 1625, p. 933 Haller, 1751, ii. p. 865.
(' Vera totius Medicinae forma,' Antwerp. Plantin, Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
1588, 8°). col. 2032.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libriduo, Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
l637> P- 96- logicus, 1761, p. 355.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 230. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
Konig, Bibliotheca Vetus et Nova, 1678, p. 873. p. 278.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 147. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, p. 583.
1731, II. i. p. 44 (Petra Alba) ; II. ii. p. 643 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 293.
(Wittesteyn). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 321.
p. 921. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 521.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
Hermltique, 1742, iii. p. 330.
WITTICHIUS (JOHANNES).
Bericht von den wunderbaren Bezoardischen Steinen, so wieder allerley gifft
krefftiglich dienen, vnd aus den Leiben der frembden Thier genommen
werden : So wol auch von andern Steinen, so aus verborgener eingepflantzter
Natur vnd krafft, vnerhorte vnd vngleubliche wirckung vorrichten. Defs-
gleichen von den fiirnembsten Edlen gesteinen, vnbekandten hartzigen dingen,
vnd des newen Armenischen Balsams, frembden wunderkreutern, Holtz vnd
Wurtzeln, wo diese herkommen vnd wachsen, was jhre natur, eigenschafft,
krafft vnd wirckung, vnd wie solche jnner vnd ausserhalb des Leibes
zugebrauchen. Endlichen auch von der newen Schlesischen Terra Sigillata,
Axungia Solis genandt. Welche alle mehrentheils den alten vnd newen
Scribenten vnbekandt, vnd erst jnnerhalb 30. Jahren aus India Orientali
vnd Occidentali, durch Gartiam ab Horto, vnd Nicolaum Monardum ktindig
gemacht worden seind, darbey auch anderer gelerter Medicorum meinung
mit eingesprengt, zuuor nie Deutsch aufsgangen, Jtzo aber den hohen
Potentaten, fleissigen Naturkundigern, vnd der gesundheit liebhabern, zu
besondern ehren vnd besten, mit fleifs zusamen gebracht, Durch lohannem
VVittichium Medicum. Leipzig, M.D.XCII.
4°. Pp. [15, i blank] 146 [8] [2 blank pasted to the cover]. Title red
and black. Colophon: Gedruckt zu Leipzig, bey Michael Lantzenberger, Anno
M.D. XCII.
WITTICHIUS— WUNDER
555
WITTICHIUS (JOHANNES). Continued,
Wittichius was born at Weimar 1537, studied at
Jena and Vienna, practised at Sangerhausen, Eis-
ieben and Arnstadt, and published several works
on medicine. He died about the close of the
century. His Consilia Medico, contains a list of
his writings.
The present work, besides a treatise on the
bezoar stone, contains an account of a number of
precious stones, of resins and gums, of tobacco,
Mechoaca, terra sigillata, and some other things
used in pharmacy. On precious stones see further
CAMILLUS, MARBODiEUS, and NICHOLS ; on the
bezoar stone, see BAUHINUS (Caspar). For old
works on the bezoar stone see Mercklin's Cynosura
Medico,, 1686, p. 22, appended to Lindenius re-
novalus, and Lipenius, Bibliotheca Realis Medico,
1679, p. 70. One of the most interesting of these
is the work of Mpraides of Seville, above
mentioned, translated into English by John Framp-
ton : JoyfttlL Newes out of the New-found Worlde,
London, 1580-1596, 4°, ff. [3] 187. It gives a
description of medicinal plants from the West
Paschalis Callus, Bibliotheca Medica, 1590, p.
336.
Wittichius, Consilia ObservattonesatqueEpistoleE,
Lips., 1604, 4°, p. 641.
Draudius, Bibliotheca Classica, 1625, pp. 904,
937- 939-
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 314.
Konig, Bibliotheca Vetus et Nova, 1678, p. 873.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 703.
Bibliotheca Riviniana, 1727, p. 516. (I have not
seen this.)
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 725.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecee metallicee,
1732, p. 153.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1741,
p. 921.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1748, Ivii. col. 1901.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. von
Haller, 1751, ii. pp. 596, 692, 869, 1038.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 2034.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 271
Indies and South America, and specially of
Mechoacan. Appended is the treatise on the
bezoar stone. It is described also by Panci-
rollus, Nova Reperta, sive Rerutn Memorabilium
Liber Secundus, Amberg, 1608, p. 257 ; English
translation, London, 1715, p. 284.
Other editions of the present book are quoted :
Leipzig, 1589, 4° ; Arnstadt, 1612, 4° ; and along
with his treatise, ' vom Ligno Guajaco, der China,
Sassaparilla, Sassafras, ligno nephritico, &c.,'
Arnstadt, 1601, 1603, 4°.
Another work by him is entitled : Halilogia,
oder von der wunderbaren Krafft . . . des Saltzes,
Leipzig, 1594, 8°.
His 'Methodus turn simplicium, turn composi-
torum medicamentorum,' the dedication dated
Arnstadt, 1596, was published at Leipzig, but
without the year.
He also wrote a book of devotion for children :
Ecclesia Domestica Wittichiana : Wochentliche
Kindervbung, . . . MDLXXXVII. Erfifurt, durch
Georg Baw.
(lectured at Pavia, 1568 ; wrote ' Medicamentorum
enarratio,' Lipsiae, 1596).
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii.
pp. 139, 323.
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematise h-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1786, I. ii.
pp. 106 (the present work), 434 ; 1787, III. ii. p.
495 ; 1788, IV. i. p. 319 (Halilogia) ; 1789, v. p.
307 (springs at Kissingen).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 331,
520.
Carl Eduard Philipp Wackernagel, Bibliographie
zur Geschichte des deutschen Kirchenliedes, 1855,
p. 417, No. CMXCVIII. ('Ecclesia Domestica
Wittichiana ').
Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 206.
Karl Goedeke, Grundrifs zur Geschichte der
Deutschen Dichtung, Dresden, 1886, ii. p. 197,
No. 109.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 522.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1898, xliii. p.
635-
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmarie, 1904, pp.
400, 4322.
WOLF (HEINRICH).
See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, 1582.
WOLGEMEYNTES Aufsschreiben, an die Hochwurdige Fraternitat des Rosen-
creutzes.
See ALLGEMEINE und General Reformation, 1781, p. 115.
WURTEMBERG.
See PHARMACOPOEA WIRTENBERGICA, 1771.
WURZBURG.
Pharmacopoea.
See WILHELM (FRANZ HEINRICH M.), 1796.
WUNDER.
See NEUN und siebenzig grosse und sonderbahre Wunder, 1690.
556
WUNDER-DRE Y— WUNDERLICHEN
WUNDER-DREY, Das ist : Beschreibung Dreyer dem Ansehen nach Unan-
nehmlicher der Practic nach aber wohl Practicabler Particularien, aus
eigener Experienz von Einem Liebhaber der Chymie. Cassel, In Verlegung
Johann Bertram Cramer, 1737.
12°. Pp. [8] 84.
Wunder-Dreyes Continuatio, welches sind fernere Experimenta, so in Elabora-
tione dieser Drey Processen observirt, in Anno 1684. herausgegebenen Wunder-Drey,
aus sonderer Lieb des Nachsten herausgegeben von eben selbigem Authore. Cassel,
In Verlegung Job. Bertram Cramer, 1737.
Pp. [22] 131 [i blank].
An account of some practical operations on metals
for the production of gold and silver, which,
however, do not seem planned or guided by any
real understanding of the actions taking place.
The author proceeds quantitatively, and gives the
weights of the substances used and that of
the products obtained, and calculates also the pro-
fits after paying all expenses. But one does not
see where the gold was to come from in the required
amount.
The author of this work is Joh. Christian
Orschall, and a note of the editions is given under
his name (B.C. ii. p. 156, col. a). It was omitted,
however, to- add a cross reference to the present
entry.
WUNDERLICHEN (Die) Begebenheiten defs Vnbekandten Philosophi in Such-
und Findung defs Steins der Weisen. In vier Biicher eingetheilet : In
deren letztern so deutlich und klar geredet wird, wie man denselben machen
soil, dass noch niemahls mit solcher Auffrichtigkeit davon geredet worden.
Aufs dem Frantzosischen ins Teutsche iibersetzet von Johannes Langen.
Franckfurt und Hamburg, Verlegt durch Christian Guthen, Buchh[]
Druckts Johann Gorlin. MDCLXXIII.
8°. Pp. 143 [i blank]. Title red and black.
Dufresnoy says that this tract was credited to
the 'Abb6 Albert Belin, little known otherwise,
though he bears a name sufficiently renowned in
the reigns of Henry III. and Henry IV. of France.'
This has been followed by Gmelin, who accepted
Belin's authorship without question, and goes
farther in that direction than Dufresnoy. This
ascription requires confirmation.
Another edition, to which is added a translation
of Philalethes' Aula Lucis, or the House of Light,
London, 1652, by Joh. Lange, has the following
title: Wunderliche Begebenheiten eines Unbekand-
ten Philosophi, in Such- und Findung defs Steins
der Weisen. In vier Biicher eingetheilet : in deren
letztern so deutlich und klar geredet wird, wie
man denselben machen soil, dafs noch niemals mit
solcher Auffrichtigkeit davon geredet worden.
Welchen beygefiiget ein Tractatlein von dergleichen
Materie, Das Haufs defs Liechts genandt. Vor-
mals in Englischer Sprache beschrieben, und
nunmehr in Teutsche iibersetzet von Johanne
Langen. Hamburg und Franckfurt, Verlegts
Gottfried Liebernickel, Buchhandl. im Thumb, in
Hamb. In Jahr MDCXC. 8°, pp. 144; Aula
Lucis (separate title in black, signatures and
pagination) 38 [2 blank]. Title red and black.
The French original is entitled : Les Avantures
du Philosophe inconnu en la recherche eten I' inven-
tion de la Pierre philosophale, Paris, 1646, and
1674, 2e Edition. It is an allegorical account of the
process.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff', Sciences
Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 93. Secretes, Moscou, 1870, No. 1290.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785,
p. 641.
See CHYMISCHER-UNTERIRDISCHER Sonnen-Glantz, 1728, pp. 226, 282.
This is a reprint of Books III. and IV. of the preceding work, which is called Die wunderbahren
Begebenheiten eines unbekandten Philosophi.
XAMOLXIDES
557
XAMOLXIDES.
Tractatus Aureus, quern Dyrrachium Philosophicum vocavit.
See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 91.
Whether this name is that of a distinct per-
sonage, or whether it is a mere error for Xamolxis
or Zamolxis, I am unable to say. If the former,
then, so far as I have observed, the author and
his writings are not referred to by any one except
Figulus ; but if the latter, then while Xamolxis is
mentioned in connection with the Hermetic mystery
the present writings are not quoted.
Xamolxis is said to have been the master, or the
companion, or the servant and pupil of Pythagoras,
or to have lived long before him. He was a Goth
Maier, Symbola AuretB Menses, 1617, p. 618 (dis-
ciple of Pythagoras).
Stolcius de Stolcenberg, Hortulus Hcrmeticus,
1627, pp. 16, 17.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 232.
Actorum Eruditorum qua Lipsiee publicantur
Supplementa, 1696, ii. pp. 282-289 (review of
Lundius' dissertation).
Goelicke, Historia Medicinae Universalis, 1721,
ii. pp. 348-351.
Daniel Le Clerc, Histoire de la Medecine, 1723,
p. 92.
Conring, De Scriptoribus XVI. post Christum
natum Seculorum Commentarius, 1727, p. 26.
Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philosophischen
Historic, Ulm, 1731, i. pp. 198, 200 ; ii. pp. 69,
1024.
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gtlahrhcit,
*73f>, p. 362 (Lundius' ' Vita ').
Carolus Lundius, Zctju6\£($, Primus Getarum
Legislator, Academica Dissertatione Luci publics
by nation, and after his studies in Egypt returned
to his native country and taught his people the
lessons he himself had learned. Whether or not
these included metallurgy, the secrets of trans-
mutation, and chemistry, is an undecided question.
The present tract certainly did not emanate from
him.
For those interested in the archaeology of philo-
sophy the following references may be useful.
They do not allude to transmutation, so far as I
have observed.
restitutus, Upsaliae, 1737, 4°, pp. [16] 212 [2] (and
numerous references).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1749, Ix. cols. 1484-
1489 (and references).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 2142.
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 167.
Kloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Me'decine,
1755, ii. p. 466 ; 1778, iv. p. 609.
Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1767, i.
pp. 361, 1020; 1767, vi. p. 197.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen sur Historic
der Kosenkreuter, 1788, iii. p. 45.
Bougine1, Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar-
geschichte, 1789, i. p. 129.
Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graeca, ed. Harles, Hamb. ,
1791, ii. p. 14 (lib. ii. c. xiv. §ix.).
Biographic Universelle, 1828, Iii. p. 82 ; no date,
xlv. p. 363.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ottvarqf, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1183-1184 ('Xamolxid').
558 Y-WORTH
Y-WORTH (WILLIAM).
The Compleat Distiller: Or The Whole Art of Distillation Practically Stated,
and Adorned with all the New Modes of Working now in Use. In
which is Contained, The Way of making Spirits, Aquavitae, Artificial
Brandy, and their Application to Simple and Compound Waters in the
exact Pondus of the Greater and Lesser Composition ; as also many
Curious and Profitable Truths for the exalting of Liquors, being the
Epitomy and Marrow of the whole Art ; supplying all that is omitted in
the London Distiller, French Baker, &c. Experience being the true
Polisher hereof. To which is Added, Pharmacopoeia Spagyrica nova : or
an Helmontian Course; being a Description of the Philosophical Sal-
Armoniack, Volatile Salt of Tartar, and Circulatum Minus, &c. Together
with their Use and Office in Preparing Powers, Arcanums, Magisteries, and
Quintessences, the Dose and Vertues being Annexed. The Second Edition,
with Alterations and Additions. Illustrated with Copper Sculptures. By
W. Y-Worth, Medicinse Professor in Doctrinis Spagyricis & per Ignem
Philosophus. London, Printed for J. Taylor, at the Ship in St. Paul's
Church-Yard. MDCCV.
8°. Pp. [24] 276 [2]. 5 copper-plate engravings. As pp. 95-6 have been dupli-
cated, the true pagination should be 278.
The Pharmacopoeia Spagyrica has a separate title, p. 147 :
Pharmacopoea Spagyrica nova : or, an Helmontian Course, wherein is laid down
the true Preparation of the most noble and secret Medicines of the Ancients. Being a
Candid Description of the Triune Key, viz. The Philosophical Sal Armoniack, Volatile
Salt of Tartar, and Spirit of our Sal Panaristos, or Great Hilech. * Together with their
' Use and Office in preparing Powers, Arcanums, Magisteries, Essences and Quint-
essences, the Dose and Virtues being annexed. The Second Part. By W. Y- Worth,
Medicinae Professor in Doctrinis Spagyricis & per Ignem Philosophus. London,
Printed for J. Taylor, at the Ship in St. Paul's Church-Yard. MDCCV.
The author signs his remarks to the reader : copied. This first edition is signed as above :
' W. Y-Worth geboortigh tot Shi pham,& Burger van W. Y-worth, Geboortigh tot Shipham, &c., but it
Rotterdam,' and adds : ' From my House, the is written : ' From the Academia Spagyrica nova in
Blew Ball and Star at the corner of King -street St. Paul's Shadwel. Lond.' By 1705, therefore, he
in upper Morefields, London? had shifted his quarters.
The first edition of the present work appeared Other works by him are the following :
under the title : Introitus Apertus ad Artem A New Treatise of Artificial Wines or a Bac-
Distillationis ; or the whole Art of Distillation chean Magazine, in Three Parts. The First,
practically stated, London, 1692, 8°, pp. [16] 189 Plain . . . Directions in the Doctrine of Fermenta-
[3] 5 plates. This edition does not contain the tion, . . . The Second Part, Containing short . . .
Pharmacopoeia Spagyrica. The Introitus, &c. , Directions for making Low Wines into Proof-
reminds one of the famous tract with a similar Spirits, . . . The Third Part are some Useful
title by Philaletha, from which doubtless it was Curiosities and Medicinal Observations ; . . .
Y- WORTH
559
Y-WORTH (WILLIAM). Continued.
London, 1690, 12°, pp. [36] 72. This book was :
' Written in the English Tongue, by the Author,
from the Original, as it was delivered at his
House at the Sign of the Collegium Chymicum,
Rotterdam, W. Y. worth, Geboortigh tot Shipham.
September 8, 1690.'
In 1691 he published : A New Art of making
Wines, Brandy, and other Spirits compliant to the
late Act of Parliament, London, 12°, pp. [24] 153
[•&
The remainder of this work was reissued with the
following modified title, and having prefixed to it
' ' Dr. Worth's Letter, in Answer to W. R. Gent.
In which the Foundation of the Art of Distillation
is handled, being a Key to the following Treatise" :
The Britannian Magazine : or, a New Art of
making above twenty Sorts of English Wines, . . .
The Second Edition, To which is added, the
Foundation of the Art of Distillation ; Or the true
and genuine way of making Malt into Low-Wines,
Proof-Spirits, and Brandy- Wines, compliant to the
late Act of Parliament, concerning Distillation.
London : Printed by W. Onely, for T. Salusbury
at the King's Arms, in Fleet-street, 1694, 12°, pp.
[56] J53 L2?]- The introduction is signed as
follows : ' W. Y- Worth, Geboortigh Van Shipham,
&* Van Rotterdam, Borger. Now Resident at
London, June 6, 1691, at the Academia Spagirica
Nova, being Professor and Teacher of the said
Art in all its parts.' On the title-page, besides, he
calls himself M.D. This edition was ' Written,
and abundantly enlarged by the Author, so that
the Original Copy that was deliver'd at his House,
at the Collegium Chimicum at Rotterdam, is not
comparable to it, &c.'
The third edition was : Printed for N. Boding-
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p.
695-
ton at the Golden Ball, in Duck-Lane. No date
(1700?), 12°, pp. [44] 133 [15! This is a veritable
reprint. It also contains Y- Worth's letter, but the
' Advertisement ' of his other books is omitted.
There next followed : Cerevisiarii Comes : or,
the New and True Art of Brewing, . . . London,
1692, 12°, pp. [20] 121 [3]- This was published
prior to the ' Introitus. '
He also printed his ' Chymicus Rationalis, or, the
Fundamental Grounds of the Chymical Art,' Lon-
don, 1692, 8°, pp. [16] 154 [6], i plate.
All these books have a strong medical and
pharmaceutical tendency. The medicines which
he made and described in his books could be
obtained only from himself or from Thomas New-
ton, his operator, or from John Spire, at Horsly-
down, Southwark, both of whom taught chemistry.
In his ' Bacchean Magazine,' pp. 58, 59, he
enumerates other writings by himself:
1. Medicina Rationalis, or the Young Physitians
Companion and Families Physical Guide.
2. Spagyrick Phylosophy asserted, in answer to
6 important Queries, stated by Dr. Boylwharf,
Collegia!, living at Rotterdam.
3. The Magicians Magazine, or Phylosophers
Store-house, in Six Books.
These do not seem to have been printed, but
they are described at fuller length at the end of
his ' New Art of making Wines.'
Some of Y-worth's books are enumerated by
Watt in the Bibliotheca Britannica, while a fuller
list is given by himself at the end of the ' Whole
Art of Distillation.'
It may be remarked that the running title of the
' Introitus ' is ' The Practical Distiller,' and this
is the name given to it by Watt
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors, ii.
991 v.
56o
ZABARELLA
ZABARELLA (JACOBUS).
lacobi Zabarellae Patavini, De Rebus Naturalibus Libri xxx. Quibus
qusestiones, quse ab Aristotelis interpretibus hodie tractari solent, accurate
discutiuntur. Cum triplici Indice; vno Librorum, altero Capitum omnium
librorum, tertio Rerum omnium notatu dignarum, quse toto volumine con-
tinentur. Coloniae loannis Baptistae Ciotti Senensis sere. C!D ID xc.
Folio. Pp. [12]. Columns 976=488 pp. Index, pp. [22] [2 blank].
Jacobus Zabarella, ' nemini ignotus auctor,' was
born at Padua, 5 September, 1533, of a distin-
guished family. He studied especially logic,
mathematics, physics and ethics, and had the
reputation of being one of the greatest Aristotelians
and logicians of his time. He graduated as master
in 1553. In 1563 he was appointed professor or
' explicator ' of logic in the University of Padua,
and by Maximilian II. was created Comes Pala-
tinus. He acted on more than one occasion as
an ambassador to Venice. He was an astrologer
and foretold his own death, which took place in
October, 1589, 'omnium dolore,' while he himself
denied the immortality of the soul. He had a
bad memory and was slow in answering a question
Antonio Riccoboni, De Gymnasia Patavino Com-
mentariorum Libri Sex, Patavii, MDIIC. (1598),
ff. 24 recto, 25 recto, 51 recto (lib. II. cap. xlii), 97
verso (lib. IV. cap. xi. xii), ^verso (lib. II. cap. i. ),
73 recto (lib. III. cap. xxxiv), 76 verso (lib. III.
cap. xliii), 77 verso (lib. III. cap. xliiii).
Keckermann, Prcecognitiorum Logicorum Trac-
tatus III., Hanovise, 1606, Tract. II., c. 5, p. 175.
Draudius, Bibliotheca classica, 1625, p. 1429 &
passim.
Tomasini, Illustrium Virorum Elogia, Patav. ,
1630, p. 135 (with a portrait).
Van der Linden, De Scnptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 234 ('De Doctrinae Ordine Apologia,'
Patav., 1606).
Imperialis, Museum Historicum et physicum,
1640, p. 117 (with a portrait).
Quenstedt, Dialogus de Patriis illustrium doc-
trina et Scriptis Virorum, Wittebergae, 1654, p.
278 ; 1691, p. 278.
Tomasini, Gymnasium Patavinum . . . Libris
V. comprehensum, Utini, 1654, pp. 184-187 (his
diploma as doctor in philosophy, dated 19 June,
1553). 308, 318, 320, 331, 433.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 878.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis philosophica, 1682,
pp. 47 a, 64 b, 834 b, 844 b.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 500
(' De Doctrinoe Ordine Apologia,' 1606; ' De
Rebus Naturalibus Tractatus,' Colon., 1595, 4°).
put to him, but with time he was able to resolve
the most abstruse subjects. He wrote commen-
taries on Aristotle, of which the present book is
one. It deals with the Aristotelian natural philo-
sophy in the widest sense, and was intended for
the use of students. Other works by him are :
' De natura Logicse libri II. ; De Methodis libri
IV. ; De propositionibus necessariis, Comment,
in libros physicorum Aristotelis. His collected
works were published at Strasburg in 1654, in
five volumes, 4°, and all his works on Logic,
Venet., 1617, fol.
His portrait is contained in the Museum Muz-
zuchellianum.
Tobias Magirus, Eponymologium criticum, 1687,
p. 808.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum,
1688, p. 1482, pi. 74.
Jon. Moller, Homonymoscopia Historico-Philo-
sophico-critica, Hamb. , 1697, p. 79.
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. p. 458.
Teissier, Les Eloges des Hommes Savans, 1715,
iv. p. 26.
Papadopolus, Historia Gymnasii Patavinii,
1726, i. pp. 331-2, No. Ixxxix.
Conring, De Scriptoribus XVI. post Christum
natum Seculorum Commentarius, 1727, pp. 153,
164.
Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730,
iv. pp. 527-531.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Script orum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 677.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 104 (II. lib. i.
c. xiv. §63).
Brucker, Kurtzc Fragen aus dcr Philosophischen
Historie, Ulm, 1735, v'- P- 224-
Stolle, Gantz neue Zusatze der Historie der philo-
sophischen Gelahrheit, 1736, p. 161.
Siegm. Jac. Baumgarten, Nachrichten von einer
hallischen Bibliothek, 1748, i. p. 216 (' Opera,'
fol. reviewed).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1749, lx. cols. 980-
ZABARELLA—ZACAIRE 561
ZABARELLA (JACOBUS). Continued.
Freytag, Analecta litteraria, 1750, p. mi (note Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana,
on the younger Zabarella). 1810, VII. ii. pp. 427, 574.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
col. 2127. 1817, xxxii. p. 415.
More'ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors ii.
1759, X. ii. p. 17. 991 x.
.Museum Mazzuchellianum, 1761, i. p. 406, pi. Biographie Universelle, 1828, lii. p. 5 ; no date,
xci., No. 5. xlv. p. 312 (article by Weiss).
Brucker, Historia critica Philosophic, 1766, IV. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 230.
i. pp. 200-203 ; 1767, Appendix, vi. p. 717. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 374 (the worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1387.
present work). Noiivelle Biographie Gintrale, 1866, xlvi. col.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 268. 920.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, Franck, Dictionnaire des Sciences philosophiquei ,
1778, iv. p. 606. 1875, p. 1790.
Sachsius, Onomasticon literarium, 1780, iii. p. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 743 (3rd
404. ed. of the present work, Coloniae, L. Zetzner, 1597,
Bougine, Handbuch einer allgemeinen Litterar- 4°, 6 p.l. , 1075 pp., 15 1.).
geschichte, 1790, ii. p. 234.
ZACAIRE (DENIS).
Von der natiirlichen Philosophia, vnd verwandlung der Metallen in Gold vnd
Silber, durch das hochste natiirliche Geheimnifs vnd Kunststiick, so man
den lapidem Philosophorum nennet, drey Tractat, erstlich in Frantzosischer
Sprach beschrieben. Durch den Edlen, Ehrnvesten, Hochgelarten Herrn
Dionysium Zacharium, einen Frantzosischen Edelman, vnd der Rechten
Doctorem, welcher anno 1550. den lapidem selbst, wie er meldet, gemacht.
Jetzund aber alien kunstliebenden Deutzschen zur Warnung vnd Anleitung,
auff den rechten einigen Weg, die Metallen zu verwandeln, in Deutsche
Sprach gebracht, vnd mit kurtzen Summarien erklaret. Durch M. Georgium
Forbergern von der Mitweide aufs Meissen. Gedruckt zu Hall in Sachsen,
durch Erasmum Hynitzsch. In verlegung Joachimi Kriisicken. M.DC.IX.
8°. Pp. [126, 2 blank].
Other German editions : Dresden u. Leipzig, 1724, Wien, 1774.
Von der natiirlichen Philosophia und Verwandlung der Metallen in Gold und
Silber, durch das hochste naturliche Geheimnifs und Kunststiick, so man
den Lapidem Philosophorum nennet, drey Tractate, erstlich in franzosischer
Sprache beschrieben durch den Hochgelahrten Herrn Dionysium Zacharium,
einen franzosischen Edelmann, und der Rechten Doctorem, welcher Anno
1550. den Lapidem selbst, wie er meldet, gemacht; Jetzund aber alien
kunstliebenden Deutschen zur Warnung und Anleitung, auf den rechten
einigen Weg, die Metallen zu verwandeln, in deutsche Sprach gebracht,
und mit kurzen Summarien erklaret, durch M. Georgium Forbergern, von
der Mitweide aus Meifsen. Frankfurt und Leipzig, bey Johann Paul
Kraufs. 1773-
8°. Pp. 135 [i blank].
Opuscule Tres-Excellent, de la vraye Philosophic naturelle des Metaux.
Traictant de I'augmentation & perfection d'iceux. Auec vn aduertissement
d'euiter les folles despenses qui se font par faute de vraye science. Par
II. 2N
562 ZACAIRE
ZACAIRE (DENIS). Continued.
Maistre D. Zacaire Gentilhomme Guiennois. Plus le traitte de M. Bernard
Allemand Compte de la Marche Treuisane. Derniere edition reueu &
corrige de nouueau. A Lyon, Chez Pierre Rigaud, en rue Merciere, au
coing de rue Ferrandiere a 1'enseigne de la Fortune. M.DCXII.
16°. Pp. 280 [3, i blank]. Vignette of an alembic and receiver.
Opuscule de la philosophic naturelle des Metaux.
See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii.
p. 447.
Das Buch der naturlichen Philosophey der Metallen.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, Th.
iii., p. 169.
See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 727.
Opusculum philosophise naturalis metallorum.
See DORN (GERARD), Trevisanus de Chymico miraculo, 1600, p. 49.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 7IO.
See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 336.
Denis Zacaire (or Zeccaire) was born in Guienne
in 1510. He was educated by a man who was an
alchemist, studied law in Toulouse, went to Paris
and made the acquaintance of alchemists there.
After long study of Arnold, Bernhard, Lully and
the ' Turba,' he transmuted mercury into gold in
1550. He married, started on travel, but when he
reached Cologne he was murdered in his sleep by
his servant, who escaped with his wife and his store
of transmuting powder.
The story was tersely but dramatically told in
verse by De Delle, the Court poet of Rudolph II.,
and it was printed in Soldner's Keren Happuch,
and then in Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia,
in the Beytrag, by Schmieder, Gmelin, and Kopp.
His story has been treated as a historical romance
by Percy Ross.
A pother has been raised over the ' Annotata
quaedam ex Nicolao Flamello Auctore Gallo,'
which follow the work of Zacaire in Dorn's
edition of 1583 and of 1600 (q.v.). It has been
pointed out as a smart critical observation that
Flamel could not be the author, because he
lived nearly two hundred years before Zacaire.
But the critics forget that Paul Lucas reported
Flamel alive in 1712, so that there could be
Maier, Symbola Aureee Menses, 1617, pp. 334-339.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis tibri duo,
1637, p. 135.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 233.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 879.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis philosophica, 1682,
p. 783b. .
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 248.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, p. 28, No. xxxx.
Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teufschcs Fegfeiier der
Scheide-Knnst, 1702, p. 73.
no time difficulty in the way of his comment-
ing much later writers than Zacaire. The point,
therefore, is not whether Flamel lived before
Zacaire, but whether he died after him ! But
without discussing such recondite questions, the
whole difficulty is based upon a blunder, which
the critics have overlooked to their confusion.
The Annotations merely happen to be printed
after Zacaire's work in Dorn's edition, and the
whole of Dorn's collection as it stands (except
Dorn's preface) was swept into the Theatrum
Chemicum, 1659, i. pp. 683-794 (q.v. ), (or, 1602,
'• PP- 773'9°I I I6i3, i- PP- 748-869). When
Manget made his reprint he modified this title
(p. 350) to ' Nicolai Flamelli Galli Conimen-
tarins in Dionysii Zacharii Opusculum Chemicum,'
without justification, and the anachronism involved
was pointed out by Gmelin, who said they were
certainly by a later writer. Schmieder's view is
that the 'Annotata ex Flamello1 are comments by
Zacaire on Flamel ! These writers have over-
looked the fact that in Dorn's edition (and in the
above quoted reprints) a great many ' annotationes '
by other writers — not having any connection with
Zacaire at all — have simply been slumped by the
editor, or printer, under Flamel's name.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp.
25 !. 397-
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Mediconim,
1731, II. ii. p. 678.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromits Bibliothecce metallica,
1732, p. 155
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lcxicon, 1751, iv.
col. 2135,
Fictuld, Probier-Stein , 1753, Th. i. p. 67.
Les Bibliothcques Francoises de La Croix du
Maine et de Du Verdier, ed. Rigoley de Juvigny,
1772, i. (La Croix du M. I.) p. 165 (calls him
ZA CAIRE—ZALENTO
563
ZACAIRE (DENIS). Continued.
Denis Zechaire) ; iii. (Du Verd. I.) p. 469 (calls him
D. Zecaire).
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
pp. 489, 584, 592, 676.
Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie
der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. pp. 15, 37 ; 1788, iii.
pp. 24-30 ; 1788, iv. Chronologisches Register,
1546.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 60,
3°6. 307-
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
1806-08, p. 86.
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors ii.
992 c.
Biographie Universelle, 1828, Hi. p. 18 ; no date,
xlv. p. 321.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
272, 276, 601.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, "• P- "5 '•
1869, ii. p. no.
Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 213 (a
mere note).
Figuier, LAlchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, pp.
138-152-
P. L. Jacob, Les Sciences Occultes, 1862, p. 99.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1398.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, Nos. 927-931.
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 198, 224 ; ii.
pp. 219, 344.
Percy Ross, A Professor of Alchemy (Denis
Zachaire), London, 1887, 8°, pp. [4] 256.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, p.
240.
ZADITH SENIOR.
De Chemia senioris antiquissimi Philosophi, Libellus, ut brevis, ita artem
discentibus, & exercentibus, utilissimus, & uerfe aureus, nunc primum in
lucem aeditus. Ab Artis fideli filio.
Without date, place, or printer's name.
8°. Pp. 127 [i blank]. On the title there is a vignette of a man with bow and
arrows, and the motto: 'Scopus vitas mere Christs.1 Symbolic woodcut on the verso
of the title.
Tabula Chimica marginalibus adaucta.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, V. p. 191.
See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 198.
See SENIOR.
Schmieder does not hesitate to call this writer an
Arabian, and thinks that Arabic MSS. of him may
exist in the libraries of the Rhine towns. The
epithet ' Senior ' he thinks denotes his antiquity, as
there is no Zadith junior ! His full name seems to
be Zadith Ben Hamuel, and he is placed in the
thirteenth century. Kopp does not allude to him,
Paschalis Callus, Bibliotheca Medica, 1590, p.
302.
Nazari, Delia Tramutatione metallica sogni tre,
1599, p. 143 (but is this the same person ?).
Maier, Symbola Anrece Menses, 1617, p. 210
(exposition of Zadith's 'Tabula').
Van der Linden, De Serif /is Media's litri duo,
1637, p. 470
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 210, 233.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 1056.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum,
1697, pp. 24-25, No. xxxiv.
and Hoefer, though he mentions his name, has
nothing to say about him.
Schmieder quotes editions, Argent., 1566, 8°;
Francof., 1605, 4°.
The ' Tabula Chymica ' was included in the
collection entitled : Philosophies Chymicae quatuor
vetustissima scripta, Francof. apud Johan. Ber-
nerum, 1605, 8°.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 681.
Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
105-106.
Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 334 ;
1866, i. p. 353.
F. A. Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Naturelles
an Moyen Age, 1853, p. 190 (an Arabic alchemist).
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 716.
ZALENTO (PETRUS DE).
See PETRUS de Silento or Zalento.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 233, 234, a6o.
ZA NE TIN1S—ZENEXTON
ZANETINIS (HIERONYMUS DE).
Radix Elixiris. JAJ
See DISQUISITIO de Helia Artium, 1606, sig. H4 recto.
Conclusio qua disputation! & argumentis Angeli respondetur.
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 247.
Zedler says he was a physician and chemist of in 1451. He wrote De conscientiae foro & con-
Bologna in the sixteenth century. tentioso ; de differentiis juris civilis & canonici ; de
Konig, on the other hand, quotes a Hieronymus indulgentiis. Apparently this is a distinct person.
Zanettinus, a jurisconsult of Bologna who flourished
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri d^lo, Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
1637, p. 215. logicus, 1761, p. 67.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 233. Bauer, Bibliotheca Librorum rariorum univer-
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 880. salis, Niirnberg, 1772, iv. p. 320 (a 'Disputatio,'
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 434. Bonon. , 1499, by the lawyer, ' liber perrarus ').
Reyher, Dissertatio de nummis ex auro chymico Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
factis, 1692, pp. 68-70. p. 570.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 305
1731, II. ii. p. 682. (a vindication of alchemy).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1749, Ix. col. 1545. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 132 ;
Freytag, Adparatus litterarius, 1752, i. p. 642 1869, ii. p. 126.
(a long note about the lawyer). Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Job. Gottl. Wilh. Dunkel, Historisch-Critische Secretes, 1870, No. 580.
Nachrichten von verstorbenen Gelehrten, Cothen,
1753, I. ii. p. 329 (the lawyer).
ZEIDELER (JOHANN CHRISTIAN BERNHARD).
Job. Christian Bernhard Zeidelers Med. Doct. Griindlicher Beweifs dafs in
dem allerstarksten acido die allergroste Medicin verborgen so einig und
allein das Hauptstiick der Medicinae Vniversalis seyn kan nebst beygefugter
Diaet und praxi practicata.
Otii etiam sui reddendam esse rationem viri boni putant, et id
semper honestum esse volunt. MEADIVS.
Jena gedruckt und zu haben bey Johann Friedrich Schill, 1764.
4°. Pp. [16] 63 [i blank].
Just mentioned by Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutsch- Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch-Literaerischts Hand-
land oder Lexicon der jetztlebenden Teutschen buch der Naturgeschichte, 1788, IV. i. p. 334.
Schriftsteller, 4e Ausg. , 1784, iv. p. 273, and George
ZEIG- UND WEG-WEISER.
See CHYMISCHER Zeig- und Weg-Weiser.
ZELATOR (JONAS).
See THEATRI Alchymistico-Medici. Breve & jucundum Spectaculum.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatns, 1686, p. 708.
ZENEXTON.
See PITSCHKI (GEORG), Zenexton, vel Mercurius coagulatus, 1678.
ZESEN VON FURSTENAU— Z1EGLER
565
ZESEN VON FURSTENAU (PHILIPP).
Philosophisches Ratzel in Teutsche Reimen gebracht.
See CHYMISCHES LUST-GARTLEIN, 1747, P- 2O-
See GEHEIMNISS (Das) der Hermetischen Philosophic, 1770, p. 9.
Philipp Zesen was born 8 Oct., 1619 (Zedler),
1629 (Jbcher), at Fiirstenau in Anhalt, studied at
Halle, Wittenberg and Leipzig, travelled in Hol-
land, France and Germany. He held no public
office and merely acted as Hofpfalzgraf and Saxon
Councillor. At the age of 60 he first married in
Amsterdam, settled in Hamburg in 1683, and died
there 13 Nov., 1689.
In 1643 he founded a German Society, ' Die
Teutschgesinnete Genossenschafft,' for the purifica-
tion of the German language, and in 1648 was
admitted to the ' Fruchtbringende Gesellschaft '
under the name ' der Wohlsetzende. ' Though
he tried to introduce certain extreme neologisms
Witte,Z?iflm Biographici TomusSecitndits, Rigae,
1691, p. 171 (f 13 Nov., 1689).
Erdmann Neumeister & Friedrich Grohmann,
De Poiitis Gertnanicis hujus seculi prcecipuis dis-
sertatio compendiaria , 1695, pp. 118-123 (a rough
article on him and his innovations).
Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter-
ariam derer Teutschen, 1710, iv. p. 441, note.
Jo. Conr. Zeltner, Theatntmvirorumeruditorum
qui speciatiin typographies laudabilem opera m prae-
stiterunt, Norimb. , 1720, pp. 565-572.
Joh. Caspar Wetzel, Historische Lebcns-Beschreib-
ung der beriihmtesten Lieder-Dichter, Herrnstadt,
1724, iii. p. 461 (not a favourable notice as it is
taken mainly from Neumeister's).
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit,
173f>> P- 145 (his innovations in the German
language).
Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. pp. 1023-1034
(a rather severe article ; it contains a long list of
his writings).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1749, Ixi. cols. 1754-
1770.
into German, he nevertheless originated some
improvements which were accepted.
By these innovations he seems to have excited
against himself the greatest enmity, which found
vent in the most virulent attacks and disgraceful
epithets, the reason for which it is not easy to
understand. His memory has been vindicated
from these by Dissel.
He wrote numerous works in German, Dutch and
Latin, in prose and in verse, and various transla-
tions, but they are now unread.
In the list of his writings given by Zedler, the
above verses are not mentioned.
Jocher, Allgtmeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 2193.
Kurcard Gotthelff Struve, Bibliotheca Historiae
litterariae selecta, 1763, iii. p. 2266.
Bougine\ Handbuch der allgemeintn Litterar-
geschichte, 1790, ii. p. 318 (pushed his improvements
of the German language to an absurd extent) ; iii.
p. 203 (life and works).
Karl Heinrich Jordens, Lexikon deutscher
Dichter und Prosaisten, Leipzig, 1810, v. pp. 606-
623 (gives a long list of his writings in German).
Biographie Universelle, 1828, Hi. p. 301 ; no date,
xlv. p. 498.
Nouvelle Biographie Generate, 1866, xlvi. col.
948 (and references).
Karl Dissel, ' Philipp von Zesen und die
Deutschgesinnte Genossenschaft," in Wilhelm-
Gymnasium zu Hamburg, Berichl iiber das 9.
Schuljahr, 1889-1890, Hamburg, 1890, pp. [2]
1-66.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1900, xlv. pp.
108-118 (by Karl Dissel).
ZETZNER (LAZARUS).
See THEATRUM CHEMICUM.
A printer at Strasburg in the first half 01 the
seventeenth century, who printed many books, but
I cannot say that those which I have seen impress
me favourably as specimens of the typographic
art. Still he is commended as a craftsman who
deserves to be kept in remembrance.
The present collection is a monument of his
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 883.
Joh. Christianus Wolfius, Monumenta Typogra-
phica, Hamb. , 1740, i. p. 747 ; ii. p. 39.
Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic
HermMque, 1742, iii. pp. 48-59.
belief in the ' great work,' or in the literature of it,
rather than of his taste as a printer. Perhaps one
ought to admire his courage in collecting, reprint-
ing and editing the tracts in this collection, instead
of complaining of the undoubtedly shabby and
unattractive appearance of the volumes.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1749, Ixi. col. 1864.
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors ii.
992 u.
Ladrague, Bibliothique Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 603.
ZIEGLER (JACOB).
Fermentatio, Generationis et Corruptionis Causa. Ein kurtzer Bericht wie
ein ding natiirlich vergehen vnd ein anders daraus werden konne. Durch
Jacob Zieglern D.
566 ZIEGLER— ZIMARA
ZIEGLER QACOB). Continued.
Aristot: Gen: & corr: c. 3.
Ex nihilo nihil fit
Nihil in nihilum redigitur.
Getruckt zu Basell, Bey Johan Jacob Genath. MDCXLVII.
4°. Pp. [8] 64 [4], Engraved title-page. 14 curious engravings. The pages are
enclosed by lines.
Colophon : Getruckt zu Basel, Durch Johann Jacob Genath, in verlegung des Author is. 1647.
An attempt to explain natural phenomena by 1697, 4°, who may be the present man, but Jac.
fermentation. Chapter 22, which contains a dis- Ziegler who wrote : ' Tabak, von dem gar heil-
cussion on the cause of the conversion of wine into samen Wundkraute Nicotiana,' Zurich, 1616, 4°,
vinegar, deserves notice as illustrating the struggle can hardly be the same. Other entries which he
to find a reason for a phenomenon without any gives seem to refer to different persons. As the
experimental facts or trials to go upon. author apparently published the present work at
This work is not referred to anywhere, and I have his own expense in 1647, he is obviously to be
found nothing about the writer of it. Haller, in- distinguished from Jacob Ziegler, the geographer
deed, refers to a person of the name as the author and mathematician, who flourished a hundred and
of a paper 'Casus viri hypochondriaci,' Basil., fifty years earlier.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 420; Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1784, iv.
1772, ii. p. 61. pp. 5, 226.
ZIMARA (MARCO ANTONIO).
Marci Antonii Zimarae Magische Artzney-Kunst, darinnen enthalten ein
gantz neuer iiberaus reicher Schatz verschiedener Magisch-Naturgemafser
Geheimnisse, insonderheit aber von Sigillen : allerhand verborgenen
Signaturen und Bildnussen : wie auch von allerley Magnetisch- und
Characterischen Hiilffs-Mitteln, Krafft derer alle und jede Gebrechen des
Menschlichen Leibs zu curiren und zu heilen seynd. Darzu kommt iiber
dieses noch
I. Eine deutliche Handleitung, unterschiedliche rare Chymische Artzney-
Mittel aus den Mineralien und Erdgewachsen zu prapariren.
II. Ein besonders Tractatlein, handlend von vielen schonen Schmincken,
Anstrichen und dergleichen Sachen, dardurch sich ein Mensch eine
saubere, zarte, glatte und schone Haut machen kan.
III. Eine Anweisung, die Metallen und Mineralien zu bereiten.
Alles mit gewissen Proben und Experimenten, wie es einem rechtschaffenen
Philosopho zustehet, ausgezieret. Samt einer besondern Handkunst ein
Perpetuum Mobile oder sich immer bewegendes Ding, ohne Beyhiilff des
Wassers, oder Gewichts, zu machen. Auf vielfaltiges Begehren aus dem
lateinischen in das Teutsche iibersetzet. Deme noch beygefuget, ein
nvitzliches Tractatlein, wie der Mensch -sich vor alien ansteckenden Kranck-
heiten durch seinen eignen Speichel praserviren kan. Franckfurt, In
Verlegung Joh. Ziegers, Buchhandlers, 1685.
8°. Pp. [40, including the engraved title-page] 636 (misnumbered, for 640). Index [16].
The introduction is a translation of Dobrzensky's Tract (q.v.\ It has the following title :
Allgemeines natiirliches Proeservativ- oder Verwahrungs-Mittel wider alle von
gifftiger Lufft herriihrende, hochstgefahrliche, und gar leichtlich ansteckende Seuchen,
kunstreich erwogen, und dem gemeinen Nutzen zum besten eroffnet und mitgetheilet
von Jacobo Joanne Wenceslao Dobrzensky von Schwarzbruck, der Philosophise und
Medicinae Doctorn, und der Kayserlich-Koniglichen Carl-Ferdinandischen hohen
Schul zu Prag extraordinar-Professorn. In Verlegung Johann Ziegers, Biichhandl. in
Niirnberg, 1680.
ZIMARA— ZIMMERMAN
567
ZIMARA (MARCO ANTONIO). Continued.
This is a translation of the Antrum Magico-
mcdicum ascribed to Ziniara, but probably not
genuine. Of this book Arcudi quotes editions of
1575> I576. 8°- Mercklin omits these and mentions
the edition of 1625, 1626, 8°.
Zimara, the reputed author, was a native of S.
Pietro in Galatina, Apulia. He studied medicine
at Padua, afterwards Aristotelian and Averroistic
philosophy, in which he had the reputation of being
extraordinarily skilled and on which he wrote
various commentaries. Before the war of the league
of Cambray he taught logic at Padua, but when the
University was scattered by the war he went to
Rome and taught philosophy. Afterwards he was
recalled to Padua and was appointed to the first
Alessandro Tommaso Arcudi, Galatina letterata,
p. 171. (I have not seen this.)
Gesner, Bibliotheca, ed. Simler, 1583, p. 470.
Riccoboni, De Gymnasia Patavino Commentari-
orum libri sex, 1598, f. 22 verso (lib. i. c. 15).
Draudius, Bibliotheca classica, 1625, pp. 982,
1315, 1434.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo,
1637, p. 344.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 234 (calls
him Zinara, or Zimara).
Tomasini, Gymnasium Patavinum . . . Libris
V. comprehensnm, 1654, lib. 3, cap. 15, p. 306.
Kbnig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 884.
Toppi, Bibliotheca Napoletana, 1678, pp. 204-205.
Lipenius, Bibliotheca realis philosophica, 1682,
pp. 64 b, 103 a, 332 a, 727 b.
Mercklin, Lindenivs renovatus, 1686, p. 775.
Papadopolus, Historia Gymnasii Patavini,
Venet., 1726, i. p. 301, No. xliii.
Conring, De Scriptoribus XVI. post Christum
natum Seculorum Commentarius, 1727, p. 153.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorvm Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 687.
Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der philosophischen
Historie, Ulm, 1735, vi- PP- 234, 24° note c
(this notice is hardly fair to Zimara).
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 934-
Vogt, Catalogs . . . Librorum rariorum, 1747,
P- 735-
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1749, Ixii. p. 703.
Giovanni Bernardino Tafuri, Istoria degli Scrit-
lori nati nel Regno di Napoli, 1750, III. i., pp.
118-128 (mentions the 'Antrum Magico-medicum,'
and also the second part, Francof. apud Wechelos,
1576, 8°).
chair of Philosophia Ordinaria in 1525, which he
occupied till 1532 ; in which year his death is sup-
posed to have occurred.
Little is said about him ; ' scriptis magis, quam
vita notus.'
In my ' Notes on Books of Secrets ' I have given
a notice of the author and have discussed certain
questions and doubts relative to the book.
The second part, 1626, throws no light on the
authorship. It deals with sympathy, diseases,
medicines, and with the mysteries of certain
ancient peoples, Hebrews, Egyptians, etc. I have
not seen a German translation of the second part,
if it exist.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. von
Haller, 1751, i. p. 495; ii. p. 880.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 2206.
Freytag, Adparatus litterarius, 1755, "'• PP-
136 (' Problemata '), 153 (' Tractatus magicus '), 154
(' Antrum').
Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi-
corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 427.
Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1766, IV.
i. p. 205.
Bauer, Bibliotheca Librorum rariorum univer-
salis, Niirnberg, 1772, iv. p. 325 (I. 1625 ; II. 1626,
8°; ' liber rarissimus').
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinte practices, 1777, ii.
p. 540.
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1786, I. ii.
p. 278 (treatise on cosmetics).
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 168.
Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors, ii.
992 j/.
Biographic Universelie, 1828, Hi. p. 340; no date,
xlv. p. 524.
Renan, Averroes et I' Averro'isme, 2e 6dit.,
Paris, 1861, p. 373, et sqq,
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
Secretes, 1870, No. 1625.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aergfe oiler '/.eilen und Volker, 1888, vi. p.
371 (by Pagel).
Ferguson, ' Notes on Books of Secrets,' Part vi.,
Transactions of the Glasgow Archaeological Society,
Glasgow, 1890, N.S. ii. pp. 6-10.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 778.
ZIMMERMAN (NAMREMMIZ) (HEINRICH THEODOR).
350 entschleierte Geheirnnisse aus dem Nachlasse der beriihmten Chemiker,
Oeconomen und Sympathiseur's Daniel Groos, Andreas Schulze und Nathusius
Krumm ; auf vieljahrige, meistens fiinf und siebenzigjahrige Erfahrung
gegriindet, und bis zum Tode der Genannten als tiefste Geheimnisse bewahrt
und jederzeit mit den gunstigsten Resultaten angewandt. Nebst mehreren
von Somnambtilen in ihrem magnetischen Schlafe angegebenen und durch-
aus bewahrt gefundenen Heilmitteln. Bereichert mit vielen, durch einen
praktischen Verein fiir vortrefflich erklarten, bisher um sehr hohe Preise
verkauften, und denen, die diese enormen Summen nicht zahlen konnten,
Geheimnifs verbliebenen Mittel und Recepte. Zum allgemeinen Besten
568 ZIMMERMAN— ZIMMERMANN
ZIMMERMAN (NAMREMMIZ) (HEINRICH THEODOR). Continued.
meiner Mitmenschen der Oeffentlichkeit iibergeben von Heinrich Theodor
Namremmiz, praktischer Oeconom und Chemiker, Mitglied mehrerer ocono-
mischer, chemischer und technologischer Gesellschaften.
Motto : Unseres Wissens Priifstein 1st — das Resultat !
Dritte Auflage. Heilbronn, In Commission der C. Drechler'schen
Buchhandlung (J. M. Flammer).
8°. Pp. x, 118. No date, 18— .
A miscellaneous collection of practical receipts, some of them rather foolish.
ZIMMERMANN (CARL FRIEDRICH).
See HENKEL (JOHANN FRIEDRICH), Kleine Mineralogische und Chymische
Schrifften, . . . herausgegeben von Carl Friedrich Zimmermann. 1744.
Gedanken von der Uebereinstimmung, welche an etlichen Sazen aus der
wahren Alchemic, mit verschiedenen im Mineralreich sich erzeigenden
Umstanden zu bemerken ist.
See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1784, i. p. 355.
Gedanken iiber die magische und medizinalische Steine.
See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1784, i. p. 386.
Carl F. Zimmermann, born at Dresden, 1713, contributed papers on practical subjects to the
studied law and natural history. He served some Leipzig ' Sammlungen von der Haus-Wirthschaft.
time in the army, and afterwards devoted himself . . . ' and began a work on Mining in Upper Saxony,
to mining, in which he rose to distinction. He He died in 1747.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1749, Ixii. col. 727. George Rud. Boebmer, Systematisch- Liter aer-
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. von isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1788, IV. i.
Haller, 1751, i. p. 99. p. 50.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
col. 2207. 1806-08, p. 289.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences
p. 685. Secretes, 1870, No. 1422.
ZIMMERMANN QOHANN CHRISTIAN).
See LEMERY (NICOLAS), Cursus Chymicus, . . . iibersetzt und . . . vermehret
von Johann Christian Zimmermann. 1754.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 42 ('Allge- Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
meine Grundsatze der theoretisch practischen 1806-08, p. 320.
Chymie,' Drefsden, 1755, I7S^> 3 vols.). Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 780 ('De
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 684. sale primigenio fere universali,' Halae Magd., typ.
J. C. Hendelii [1733], 4°, pp. 40).
ZIMMERMANN (SAMUEL).
Probier buch : Auff alle Metall Miintz, Ertz vnd berckwerck, defsgleichen auff
Edel Gestain, Perlen, Corallen, vnd andern dingen mehr : Wider alien newen
subtilen Betrug, Alles mit hochstem nutz, geringster muh, vnd kleinestem
Costen, nach Alchimistischer vnd Mechanischer Kunst an tag geben, &c.
Allen Jungen Miintzmaistern, Goldschmiden, Bercks, Kauffs vnd Handels
Leuten, zu nutz vnd sonderem gefallen beschriben, In Truck verordnet
ZIMMERMANN—ZOBELWS
569
ZIMMERMANN (SAMUEL). Continued.
vnd publiciert : Durch Samuelen Zimmerman von Augspurg. Mil Rom.
Kay. May. freyheit nit nach zu Trucken. M.D.LXXIII.
8°. Pp. [16] 172 [n, i blank]. Title red and black. Woodcuts of apparatus in
the text. Colophon : Gedruckt zu Augspurg, bey Michael Manger.
[Another Copy.]
I have found nothing about this author. His book is quoted by Lipenius, and from him by Zedler.
Lipenius, Bibtiotkeca realis philosophica, 1682,
ii. p. 919 a.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromui Bibliothtcce metallictf,
1732, p. 156.
Zedler, Universal lexicon, 1749, Ixii. col. 760.
ZIPFFEL (JONAS).
Theoria Metallica ist eine kurtze Metalltsche Betrachtung, aus welcher Materia,
in, aus, und ober der Erden die Natur und der Chymicus, nach Gottes
Ordnung und Willen Silber und Gold zuwege bringet und vermehret, aus
denen Schrifften der wahren Philosophorum, extrahiret von Jona Zipffeln
Medico, und Churfiirstl. Sachfs. Bergk-Rath. Dresden, Gedruckt durch
Melchior Bergens, Churfl. Sachfsl. Hoff-Buchdr. seel, nachgelassene Wittbe
und Erben. 1678.
Pp. 80.
8°.
This is a discourse on the metals, their composi-
tion and transmutation. According to Zedler,
Zipffel would seem to have written a work on gout
and calculus: Medicina antitartarea, oder Bericht
vom Scharbock, Griess, Stein und Podagra, woher
sie eiitstehen, und wie sie zu curiren, Dresden,
1678, 8°, and another of which the title is given :
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus BibliotheccB metallicce,
1732, p. 156.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1749, Ixii. col. 1518.
Boerhaave, Methodus Sludii Medici, ed. von
Haller, 1751, ii. pp. 621, 892 (calls him Zopf, by
mistake apparently).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 2213.
Usus Tincturae Nephriticae, das ist, niitzlicher
Gebrauch der edlen experimentirten Stein-Tinctur,
und darzu gehorigen Massae und Pillularum Anti-
tartarearum, Leipzig, 1699, in 8°.
He describes himself as a medicus and electoral
Saxon mining councillor at the end of the seven-
teenth century.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina; practice, 1779, iii.
p. 80 (calls him Zippel, but probably this is merely
a misprint).
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1789, IV. ii.
p. 106 (only this work quoted).
[Another Copy.]
[Another Copy.]
Manuscript notes.
ZOBELIUS (FRIDERICUS).
Friderici Zobelii, Sereniss. Friderici, Ducis Holsatiae, Haeredis Norwegian &c.
Archiatri p.m. Tartarologia Spagirica, seu Medicamentorum ex Tartaro in
Laboratorio Gottorpiensi paratorum fidelis Descriptio. E Bibliotheca Georgii
Wolffgangi Wedelii. Jenae, Typis Gollnerianis, cio IDC LXXVI.
12°. Pp. [n, i blank] 96 [6] [2 blank].
It was edited by G. W. Wedel from a MS.
Other editions, Jena, 1684, 12°, and 1708, 12°.
Frdierici (sic) Zobelii Chymische Medicinische Perle, mit dem Andern Theil
von Schufs-Wunden vermehret, darinnen herrliche, kostliche Medicamenta,
5/0
ZOBELIUS— ZOR OAS TER
ZOBELIUS (FRIDERICUS). Continued.
nebst deren griindlichem Bericht und ausfiihrlichen Ursachen derer Kranck-
heiten, auch deren duration, nach Spagirischer Art und Weise zu finden.
Dresden, Bey Johann Jacob Wincklern, 1701.
8°. Pp. [2 blank, 14, frontispiece included] 286. Index [10]. Title red and black.
Zobel was a native of Holstein. He was an
' industrious, dexterous, and successful ' chemist,
and became physician of the Duke Friedrich of
Holstein-Gottorp about 1636, and director of the
chemical laboratory at Gottorp. He died about
1647.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 885.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 310.
Strubberg, Diarium Salanum Anni 1720, p.
179, &c. (I have not seen this.)
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorutn Medicoruni,
1731, II. ii. p. 688.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- lexicon, 1740,
P- 935-
Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, i. pp. 195, 749.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1750, Ixiii. col. 38.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lex icon, 1751, iv.
col. 2216.
Matthiee, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono-
logicus, 1761, p. 583.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 88.
Eloy, Diciionnaire Hisiorique de la Mddecine,
1778, iv. p. 618.
Besides the present works mention is also made
of a treatise in MS. : Spagyrischer tSchatz aus dem
Tartaro, but it is probably identical with the
Tartarologia.
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii.
p. 398.
George Rud. Boehmer, Systcmatisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuck der Naturgeschichte, 1788, IV. i.
P- 353 ('Tartarologia').
Gmelin, Geschichte der C/iemie, 1799, iii. pp. 475
(purification of tartar).
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur,
i8o'5-o8, p. 182 ('Tartarologia,' 1676).
Biographic MJdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 530.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
worterbuc/i, 1863, ii. col. 1418.
Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 788
(' Tartarologia,' 1676).
ZORN QOHANN).
Nothige Erinnerung an die Liebhabere der Kunst Gold zu machen, in einem
Schreiben an einen Freund. Nebst einem kleinen Beytrag zu dem
neuerofneten Geheimnifs der Naphtae Nitri und Naphtae Vitrioli. Kemp-
ten 1774.
Pp. 30 [2 blank].
8°.
A chemical criticism of some round about al-
chemical processes on pyrites and green vitriol, in
which what actually takes place is properly
explained and the inaccuracy and futility of the
alchemical explanation are demonstrated. It is
shown also that the results of the alchemical opera-
tions could be obtained more quickly, easily and
certainly by any one with even a little knowledge
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1787, III. i.
p. 187.
of what the author calls ' gesunde Chemie.' This
tract throws some light upon the relations of
alchemy and chemistry in the year of the discovery
of oxygen.
He wrote also ' I cones Plantarum medicinalium,'
Nurnberg, 1779-90, which attracted some attention.
Zorn was an apothecary in Kempten.
Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1799, iii. p.
764.
ZOROASTER.
Ma-yiKa Aoyia TWV diro rov Zupowrrpov Maywi/. Parisiis Apud loannem Lodoicum
Tiletanum, Via ad D. Hilarium, Sub. D'. V. Maria. M.D.XXXVIII.
4°. Sigs. a /3 L=tt 8].
Zoroaster has the distinction of having been the
first of the Magi, and a reformer of religion, of
which all that is known is contained in the Zend-
Avesta. But when he flourished, whether he was
an actual or a mythical personage, whether there
were more than one person of the name, are ques-
Wolffgang Kriiger, Catalogus et Historiolo»ia
mille virorum, . . . illustrium. Das ist : Kurtze
vnd Historische verseicknifs vnd Beschreibung
Tausent vnterschiedlicher Keyser, . . . Erffurdt,
1616, f. 252 verso.
tions still debated by the authorities, who have not
yet arrived at certainty. These discussions hardly
concern the history of alchemy, and the alchemical
work ' Clavis Artis,' Jena, 1738, which passes under
his name, is obviously supposititious.
Naud6, Apologie pour tous les Grands Person-
nages qui ont estt faussement soupconnez de Magie,
Paris, 1625, pp. 129-166 ; English translation by J.
Davies, 1657, pp. 63-79.
Joh. Henr. Ursinus, De Zoroastre . . . Hermete
ZOROA S TER—Z WELFER
571
ZOROASTER. Continued.
Trismegisto, Sanchoniathone . . . eorwnque scriptis
. . . exercitationes, Norimbergae, 1661, pp. 9-72.
Kbnig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 886.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 1056.
Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetisches Christen-
thum, 1690, Th. i. p. 166.
Thomas Hyde, Historia Religionis Veterum
Persarum eorumque Magorum . . . Zoroastris
Vita, . . . Oxonii, 1700, 4°, pp. 307-342. (Cap.
xxiv., Zoroastris vita; cap. xxv., Operum Zer-
dushti generate nomen explicatum ; cap. xxvi.,
De Zerdushti particularibus Libris, & de Lingua &
Literis quibus script! sunt.)
Petrus Larnbeccias, Prodromus histories liter-
aria, 1710, pp. 12, 32-37, 118.
J. F. Buddeus, Historia Ecclesiastica Veteris
Testamenli, ed. 2da, 1719, i. pp. 436-442 (Per. i,
Sect. iii. § 22).
Goelicke, Historia Medicinae Universalis, 1721,
pp. 164-165.
Geheime Unterredungen . . . von Magia Natur-
alis, 1722, p. 8, &c.
Daniel Le Clerc, Histoire de la Mcdecine, 1723,
p. 9.
Bayle, Dtctionaire historique et critique, 1730,
iv- PP- 555-560.
Brucker, Kurtze Fragen aus der Philosophischen
Historie, Ulm, 1731, i. pp. 101-105 (lne Chaldean
Zoroaster), 118-122 (the Persian) ; 1731, ii. pp. 846,
848, 849 ; Zusdtze, Ulm, 1737, pp. 18, 266.
Mangct, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 688.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. 88 (I. 1. i. c. x.
§§ 9-12) ; 125 (I. 1. i. c. xiii. § 14) ; ii. p. 7 (II. 1. i.
c. i. §12).
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit,
1736, pp. 164, 356.
Joan. Frid. Weidler, Historia Aslronomiae,
Vitembergae, 1741, p. 31 (cap. III. §8).
Thomas Stanley, The History of Philosophy,
London, 1743, 4th ed., pp. 758-761 (the Chaldean) ;
789 (the Persian) ; 801-826 (the Chaldaick Oracles).
Siegm. Jac. Baumgarten, Nachrichten von einer
hallischen Bibliothek, Halle, 1748, i. p. 205 (short
notice).
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1750, Ixiii. cols. 568-
592 (the elder Zoroaster), cols. 592-598 (the
younger).
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lex icon, 1751,
col. 2227 (and references).
Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 167.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine,
1755- »• P- 468.
Chauffepie', Nouveau Dictionnaire hislorique et
critique, 1756, iv. pp. 832-843.
GeorgChristoph Hamberger, Zuverldssige Nach-
richten von den vornehmsten Schriftstellern vont
Anfange der Welt bis 1500, Lemgo, 1756, i. pp.
14-18.
Mor6ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique,
1759, X. ii. p. 58.
Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785,
p. 666 (' Clavis artis — Untergeschoben ').
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der N aturgeschichte , 1785, I. i.
P- 343-
Bougine', Handbuch der allgemeinen Litttiar-
geschichte, 1789, i. pp. 117, 119 (and references).
Brucker, Historia critica philosophic, i. p. 116
(lib. ii. c. 2, § 9), p. 144 (lib. ii. c. 3. § 2).
J. A. Fabricius, Bibliotheca Graeca, ed. Harles,
Hamb. , 1790, i. pp. 304-316 (lib. i. c. 36).
Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary,
1817, xxxii. p. 454.
Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1821, i.
p. 124.
Biographic Universelle, 1828, Iii. pp. 434-466;
no date, xlv. pp. 585-603 (article by Parisot).
Fred. Heinrich Hugo Windischmann, Zoroas-
trische Studien, Berlin, 1863, 8°, pp. xii, 324, 8.
Nouvelle Biographic Gtntrale, 1866, xlvi. cols.
1013-1020 (and references). [Article by Le'o
Joubert].
Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 364, 370.
Encyclopedia Britannica, 1888, xxiv. p. 820,
'Zoroaster,' by Karl Geldner. See also ibid, p.
775 'Zend-Avesta.'
Chambers'* Encyclopedia, 1892, x. p. 808.
Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
62, 201.
7UEIGNUNGS-GESPRACHE zwischen den Bonum und I^cinium.
See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita, 1714, p. 5.
ZUFALLIGE Naturgemase Gedanken von der Gewifsheit der edlen Chy- und
Alchymie und was von den jetzigen Rosenkreutzers-Orden zu glauben sey.
Wolffenbiittel, verlegt Johann Christoph Meifsner. 1762.
8°. Pp. 30 [2 blank].
ZWELFER (JOHANN).
Discursus Apologeticus Joannis Zwelferi, Medicinae Doct. adversus Hippocrateni
Chymicum Ottonis Tackenii : Ejusq; adulterini Sails Viperini novissimi
Fundamenta, ut ait, antiquissima. Cui & accessere eiusdem Justissimae
Vindiciae contra Franciscum Verny Pharmacopo3um Monspeliensem. Annexo
etiam Apologemate Epistolico Anonymi.
Ecclesiastici c. 4.
Pro anima tua ne confundaris dicere verum. Ne accipias facieni
adversus faciem tuam, nee adversus aniinain tuam mendaciuni.
572 ZWELFER
ZWELFER QOHANN). Continued.
Non abscondas sapientiam tuam in decore suo. Non contradicas
verbo veritatis ullo modo, & de mendacio ineruditionis tuae
confundere.
Norimbergae : Sumtibus Michaelis & Johann. Friderici Endterorum.
Anno M.DC.LXXV.
Folio. Pp. [12] 267 [i].
Bauraer, followed by Fuchs, quotes an edition : It was appended to Zwelfer's Pharmacopoeia
Norimbergoe, 1668, fol. Augustana, Dordrechti, 1672, and to other editions
of that work.
Herrn Johann Zwolfern, weyl. hochstberiihmten Kayserl. Hof-Medici, Konigliche
Apotheck, oder Dispensatorium. Das ist: Neu-bereicherter ganz-angefiillter
Schatz-Kasten der aufserlesensten Artzneyen ; Zusamt einer diesem bewerth-
esten Artzney-Buch beygefiigten Spagyrischen oder Chymischen Zugabe,
worinnen die wahre und vollkommene Art und Manier die fiirtrefflichste
Artzneyen zuzubereiten und zuverfertigen, eroffnet; Welche so dann mit
Behaltung der Krafften ihrer Ingredientien, auch wol offters mit Erhohung
ihrer Artzney-Tugenden, zu Verjagung der Kranckheiten, die den Mensch-
lichen Korper verunruhigen, nach Wunsche dienen konnen. Ehmals von
obbemeltdem Autor in Lateinischer Sprach geschrieben; Nun aber, auf
vielfaltiges Verlangen, in unsere Teutsche Mutter-Sprach mit grofstem
Fleifs iibersetzet. Mit Kayserl, Majestat, und Chur-Fiirstl. Durchl. zu
Sachsen Privilegio. Niirnberg, in Verlegung Martin Endters. Anno 1692.
4°. Pp. [8, portrait included] 780 [26]. Title red and black.
Johann Zwelfer, or Zwelffer, or Zwolfer, born in with Lucas Schrockius of the Augsburg Collegium
the Palatinate, 1618, was an apothecary for sixteen Medicum, Otto Tachenius and Verny. In a tract
years, then studied medicine and graduated at 'Mantissa Spagyrica,' appended to the Pharma-
Padua, practised, and became professor of medicine copoeia Regia, Zwelfer tells the story of the adept
at Vienna. He claimed to be the first person to who by an actual experiment refuted the arguments
reduce pharmacy to a system and published the of Professor Martini of Helmstadt (ed. 1672, p.
Pharmacopoeia Regia at Vienna in 1652. He gave 798) and he also describes with a drawing the
his name to Crocus Martis Z. prepared by igniting great medal made at Prague from alchemical gold
iron with saltpetre, and advised the washing of by Richthausen, who was ennobled for it with the
calomel with water to remove traces of corrosive title of Baron Chaos (ed. 1672, p. 796-797). This
sublimate. He criticised the Pharmacopoeia Angus- medal is frequently referred to.
tana (q.v.) in a series of ' Animadversiones,' He died in 1668.
Vienna, 1652, often printed, and had controversies
Pantaleon, Prosopographia, 1566, iii. p. 227. Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiatn liter-
Clauder, Dissertalio de finctura Universali, ariam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. pp. 774, 791.
1678, cap. iii. p. 84 ; and translated in Schroder's Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 84.
Neue alchymistische Bibliothek, 1773, II. i. p. 90. Schelhorn, Amasnitates literariae, 1730, xiii.
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 887. p. 24, &c.
Lucas Schrockius, Hygea Augustana, sen Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Mediconim,
Memoria secularis Collegii Medici Augustani. 1731, II. ii. p. 699.
Scripta . . . A.O.R. M.DC.LXXXII., Augustae Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Vindelicorum, sig. Ci recto; and appended to Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 786-789.
Jacob Brucker's Historia Vitae Adolphorum Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, iii. p. 604 (iii. 1. vii.
Occonum, Lipsiae, 1734, 4°, p. 112; in Brucker's c. i. §7).
own tract on the Occones, p. 62 &° sqq. refer to Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740,
Zwelfer's ' Animadversiones in Pharmacopoeiam p. 936.
Augustanam.' Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1750, Ixiv. col. 1092.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 705. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . col. 2241.
Introductio, 1687, pp. 78 (Ad. ii. § 26), 376 (Int. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 486.
c. xi. § 12), 384 (Ad. xi. § 5**), 389 (Ad. xi. §8*). Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. Bbbb i 1778, iv. p. 621.
recto, Anno 1668 (says in his soth year, he would, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice;, 1779, iii.
therefore, be born in 1618). p. 27.
Z WELFER—Z WEY $73
ZWELFER (JOHANN). Continued.
Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 107. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
Giildenfalk, Sammlung von mehr ah hundert 340, 400.
Transmutationsgeschichte, 1784, p. 33. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtde-
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch- Liter aer- cine, 1839, iv. p. 439.
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1786, I. ii. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 245 ;
p. 323 ( ' Animadversiones in Pharmacop. Augus- 1869, p. 237 (a mere mention),
tanam," Viennae, 1652, Goudae, 1653, Roterd. , K.opp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 243;
1653, Norib. , 1657 & 1667, Dordrecht, 1672, 1845, "'• P- ^6; J847i iv. pp. 144, 193.
Norib. , 1675, 1693). Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literar- worterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1422.
geschichte der Medicin, 1792, §263, p. 329. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 90.
Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 667. Hirsch, ~Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra-
Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und ]'olker, 1888, vi. p.
1806-08, p. 142. 384.
Biographie Mfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1895, xvi. p. 804.
25), vii. p. 582. Schelenz, Geschichte der Pharmazie, 1904, pp.
Biographie Universelle, 1828, lii. p. 515 ; no date, 250, 483, 497.
xlv. p. 643.
ZWEY alte Denkmaale Deutscher Filosofen.
See SCHRODER (F. j. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1773, II. i. p. 345.
Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1500.
ZWEY rare Chymische Tractate.
See BEUTHER (DAVID).
ZWEY Respons von den F. R. C. zu etlichen ihren Clienten abgeben.
See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Aperta Area Arcani Artificiossimi, 1687, p. 228.
See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Philosophia Salomonis, 1753, p. 200.
ZWEY schone Chymische Tractetlein : I. De Mercuric Alchimistarum. II. De
Lumine Naturae. Den filiis Hermeticae Sapientiae zu gut an Tag geben :
durch einen Cultorem Spagiricae Medicinae. Jenae Typis Weidnerianis.
Anno M.DC.XII.
8°. Sigs. A-B in eights, (B 7-8 blank,) or pp. [28, 4 blank]. Colophon,
B6 verso : Gedruckt zu Jehna, bey Johann Weidnern. In Verlegung Thomas Schiirers,
Buchhandelers in Leiptzig. M.UC.XII. Title within a woodcut border.
Ascribed by the anonymous editor to Martin chemist. The tract ' De lumine naturae ' has found
Faber, med. doct. of Konigsberg, an excellent its way into Paracelsus' works but it is not by him.
Zwey schone Chymische Tractatlein : J. De Mercurio Alchimistarum. II. De
Lumine Naturae. Den filiis Hermeticae Sapientiae zu gut an Tag geben :
durch einen Cultorem Spagiricae Medicinae. Anno M.DC.XX.
See NEANDER (THEOPHILUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 379.
ZWEY Tincturen auf Roth und Weifs.
See zwo Tincturen auff Roth und Weifs.
ZWEY vortreffliche und noch nie im Druck gewesene Chymische Biicher, I. Des
gelehrten und in der Kunst erfahrnen Miinchs Antonii de Abbatia Bericht
von Venvandelung der Metallen. II. Aufrichtig-teutscher Wegweiser zum
Licht der Natur oder ad Tincturam Physicam Paracelsi, und Lapidem
Philosophorum. Authore Domino in Limo, non malo malo Allen der
geheimen und hohen Kunst Liebhabern zu Nutz und mercklichem Unterricht
574 ZWE Y—Z WINGER
ZVVEY. Continued.
in teutscher Sprach iibergesetzet, herausgegeben durch einen der niemahls
genug gepriesenen Wissenschaft sonderbahren Beforderer. 1759.
No place or printer.
8°. Pp. 62 [2 blank].
The second tract (pp. 33-62) has a separate title-page and the Vorbericht is signed Wilhelm Gutende.
At the end (pp. 59-62) are two ' ^Enigmata ' about the stone.
ZWEYEN (Von den) Bliimlein, daraus der Stein der Weisen wachset.
See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, Chymische Schrifften, 1746 (1747), p. 286.
ZWEYFACHER Schlangen-stab.
See MERCURll Zweyfacher Schlangen-Stab.
Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 41, No. Ixvi.
ZWEYSPORN (FRIEDRICH).
Friedrich Zweysporns Beschreibung eines neuerfundenen Zauberbrunnens.
Nebst einer Widerlegung der Censur D. G. Einsporns iiber Prof. Kratzen-
steins Theorie von Diinsten. Halle, Verlegts Hermann Hemmerde,
1748.
8°. Pp. 56. Frontispiece instead of pp. 15-16. Vignette.
An account of a piece of juggling apparatus to of the Royal Academy of Bourdeaux, for 1744.
make wine come and stop at pleasure. Several papers by Kratzenstein are mentioned by
Kratzenstein's and Hamberger's paper on Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. passim
vapours, appeared in the collection of dissertations (q.v.).
ZWINGER (JACOB).
lacobi Zuingeri Philosophi et Medici Basil. Principiorum Chymicorum Examen
ad generalem Hippocratis, Galeni, cseterorumq; Grsecorum & Arabum
consensum institutum : Elegantibus nonnullorum remediorum prsepara-
tionibus exornatum. Cum Indice locupl. Basileae, per Sebastianum
Henricpetri.
8°. Pp. [22, 2 blank] 259. Index [12, i, device]. Colophon : Basileae, per
Sebastianum Henricpetri : Anno dolocvi. Printer's device as vignette.
Jacob Zwinger, son of Theodor the elder, great- art. On his death at the age of 97, he made
grandfather of Theodor the younger, was born Zwinger heir both of his fortune and his science.
at Basel, 15 Aug., 1569. Peter Ramns was his In the hospital at Basel he laboured for many
god-father. years ' gratis. During the visitation of the plague,
His first instruction was imparted to him by his while doing all he could for others, he himself
father and by Rothe. Then in 1585 he went to succumbed to it, n Sept., 1610, in his 415! year,
Padua where he attended the lectures on logic of his wife having predeceased him by six hours,
Jacobus Zabarella, on ethics of Franciscus Picco- from the same malady.
lomineus, and had much intercourse with Pancirolli Zwinger, it will be remembered, was one of the
and Pinelli. eye-witnesses of the transmutation which Seton the
His teachers in medicine were Hercules Saxonia Cosmopolite effected at Basel, for the express
and Horatius Augenius, and the former was so purpose of refuting the arguments advanced by
attached to him that but for the obstacle caused by Dr. Dienheim against the possibility of it.
difference of creed, he would have adopted Zwinger Zwinger was a diligent student and a man
and made him his heir. According to the quaestor's of great learning and he wrote several works of
books he lived in Padua till 1593, then he returned Greek scholarship and on medicine,
to Basel, graduated M.D. in 1594, and shortly Among these may be mentioned his ' Physiologia,'
after was appointed professor of Greek, and Basil., 1610, ' Commentarius in Galeni defini-
lectured publicly on Homer. Privately he read tiones medicas,' his edition of his father's work
physic with his pupils, and instructed them not ' Theatrum vitae humanae,' 1606, his tables of the
only in the doctrines of the ancients but also in the Greek dialects, printed in Scapula's Greek Lexicon,
chemical medicine to which he rather inclined, and ' Epistolae medicae,' published partly by Hil-
Into the secrets of this subject he had been guided danus, partly by Hornung. Some religious works
by Wilhelm Arragosius, who was deeply skilled were also written by him.
both in the Platonic philosophy and the Spagyric
Z WINGER 575
ZWINGER (JACOB). Continued.
Adami, Vitae Medicorum Germanorum, 1620, Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono-
p. 410. logic us, 1761, p. 300.
Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 281.
1637, p. 235. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practicte, 1777, ii.
Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 235. P- 333
Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 887. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine,
Mercklin, Lindenius re/iovatvs, 1686, p. 500 1778, iv. p. 623.
(with a biography). Herzog, Athenee Raurica, 1778, pp. 362, 365.
Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, Rouging, Handbuch der allgemeinen Litterar-
1688, p. 1324. geschichte, 1790, iii. p. '250.
Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, n Sept., Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 343,
1610 ; sig. H2 recto. 592.
Joh. Jac. Hofmann, Lexicon Universale, 1698, Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
iv. p. 761. 25), vii. p. 533.
Histories Bibliotheca Fabriciance Pars Tertia, Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii.
1719, p. 251. p. 517.
Papadopolus, Histona Gymnasii Patavim, 1726, Biographie Universelle, 1828, Iii. p. 320 ; no date,
ii. p. 272, No. clxxxiii. xlv. p. 646.
Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730^.205. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp.
Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 328, 330 (the story about Seton).
1731, II. ii. p. 690. Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. pp.
Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. 785 (I. 1. iv. c. vi. 280, 282 ; 1849, ii. p. 172.
§ 16) ; 810 (I. 1. iv. c. viii. §6). Rudolf Wolf, Biographien zur Kultvrgeschichte
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, der Schweiz, 1860, iii. p. 120.
p. 938. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 115.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1750, Ixiv. col. 1688. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 88.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorra-
col. 2243. genden Aerzte aller Zeiten »nd Volker, 1888, vi.
MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire Hi storiqiie, 1759, p. 385.
X. ii. p. 87.
ZWINGER (JOHANN).
Die Gestalt eines fiirsichtigen Freundes in der Noth. Das ist : Der mitleidige,
dienstfertige und gewissenhaffte Apothecker, wie derselbe seine Officin nach
einem bey alien verstandigen Medicis nunmehro angenommenen rationalen
medendi methodo einrichten und dieser wol fiirstehen, Als auch die
Artzneyen pnepariren und nach denen Grund-Regeln der heutigen Distillir-
Kunst zubereiten, hernach die bewehrtesten Mittel recommendiren und
mittheilen soil. Mit hochst-nothigen Anmerckungen erlautert, denen auch
herrliche Recepte und Secreta beygefiiget worden. Bey dieser neuen
Auflage um ein merckliches vermehret von Johann Zwingern, Apothecker.
Niirnberg, Verlegts Wolfgang Moritz Endter. 1721.
8°. Pp. [14] 508 [30, 4 blank]. Title red and black.
Though Zedler calls him a Swiss physician, he according to the Bibliotheca Platneriana, P. ii. p.
does not indicate that he bore any relationship to 607, No. 8678. Zwinger also wrote : DeMonstris,
the earlier owners of the name, though it seems eorumque causis atque diffcrentiis, Basil., 1660, 4°,
likely enough that he was a descendant. The Biblioth. Plainer., P. ii. p. 278, No. 3396.
present work was published at Niirnberg, 1699, 8°,
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1750, Ixiv. col. 1696.
ZWINGER (THEODOR), The Younger.
Scrutinium Magnetis Physico-Medicum, quo Mirifici illius Lapidis Natura,
Viresque turn Naturales turn Medicae, e Principiis Mechanicis Methodo
facili, Stylo simplici, & quantum in Re tam subtili fieri potuit, claro
panduntur, recensentur, explicantur. Auctore Theodoro Zuingero, Med.
Doctor. & in Acad. Basil. Profess. Sereniss. Due. Wiirtemb. Consiliar. &
Medic, ac Societat. Natur. Curiosor. Leopoldino- Imperial. Collegae d. Aristotel.
Basileje. Ex Officina Joh. Philippi Richteri, Bibliopohe. Ann. MDCXCVII.
8°. Pp. [8] 214 [2].
576
Z WINGER— Z WOLFF
ZWINGER (THEODOR). Continued.
This is a treatise on the magnet. In the last
chapter the author shows that its medical properties
are those of a chalybeate and resemble those of
haematite, that it is not poisonous, and that it has
no virtues applied externally.
Zwinger, son of Johann Zwinger, great-grandson
of Jacob Zwinger (q.v. ), must not be confused with
the elder Theodor Zwinger, who lived a century
earlier.
According to Biichner he was born at Basel,
25 Sept., 1657, though Weber, and, after him,
Zedler say 26 Aug. , 1658. In 1672 he entered the
University, took the bachelor's degree in 1673, and
the master's in 1675. Then he turned to medicine
which he studied at Basel, Schaffhausen and
Zurich, and in 1680 returned to Basel and gradu-
ated doctor. After a year in Geneva, he travelled
in France and visited Lyons and Paris. On his
return to Basel he was appointed professor of
rhetoric in 1684, professor of physics in 1687,
anatomy and botany in 1703, theoretical and
practical medicine in 1711 and Stadtphysicus.
His reputation was increasing and he received
invitations from the Duke of Wiirtemberg in 1696
Joh. Moller, Homonymoscopia Historico-Philo-
logico-Critica, Hamb. , 1697, pp. 80, 99, 737.
Joh. Jacob Scheuchzer, Nova litteraria Helvetica,
Tiguri, 1703, pp. 130-132 (list of his writings).
Job. Rud. Mieg, Oratio panegyrica in obitum
Theod, Zwingeri, Basil., 1726, 4°.
Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,
1731, II. ii. p. 690 (portrait of Zwinger and reprint
of Mieg's ' Oratio ').
Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen
Gelahrhfit, 1731, pp. 363-364, 751.
Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metalliccs,
1732, p. 156 (quotes an edition of 1685).
Johann Adam Weber, Einleitung in die Historie
der Lateinischen Sprache, Chemnitz, 1736, p. 857.
Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740,
P- 938.
Seguierius, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1740, Pafsi. p.
215 ; Pars ii. p. 313.
Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1750, Ixiv. col. 1702.
Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. von
Haller, 1751, i. p. 211 ; ii. pp. 642, 702, 810, 905.
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iv.
col. 2246.
Biichner, Academiae . . . Naturae Curiosorum
Historia, 1755, p. 474, No. 136.
Moreri, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 1759,
X. ii. p. 88.
Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 31.
Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 740.
Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 468.
to be councillor and physician, in 1700 to be pro-
fessor at Leyden, in 1703 from Frederick I. of
Prussia to be physician, and in 1710 from the
Landgrave of Hessen-Cassel, but he declined
them all, preferring to stay at Basel. He, however,
obtained other appointments and was received into
the Academia Naturae Curiosorum ii May, 1685,
with the name Aristoteles I., and in 1717 he was
promoted to the position of councillor and physician
of the Margrave of Baden.
Zwinger was most successful as a practitioner
and had a very large number of patients. He was
a man of great learning and sound scholarship, and
he was the author of many works and papers,
almost exclusively on medical subjects. But he
wrote : De chrysopoeia variae literatorum Epistolae,
in Miscellanea Acad. Nat. Cur., Dec. 3, Ann. v.
& vi. , 1697, 1698, Append, p. 16, and edited
Wecker, De Secretis Libri XVII., Basil., 1701,
1708, 1750. ' His printed works,' says Zedler, ' are
erudite, agreeable, profitable, and easy to read,'
and that is as much as any one could wish for.
He died 22 April, 1724.
Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Midecine,
1778, iv. p. 624.
Herzog, Athena Rauricce, 1778, pp. 196, 223,
237. 323- 409-
Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, '"•
pp. 463-466.
George Rud. Boehmer, Systematisch-Literaer-
isches Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1786, I. ii.
pp. 132, 444; 1787, III. i. pp. 160, 163; III. ii.
pp. 202, 391 ; 1788, IV. i. pp. 411 (nitre) ; 1789,
IV. ii. pp. 23, 171 ; 1789, V. pp. 235 (mineral
water of Fortburg), 238 (Pfeffers).
Gmelin, Geschichte der C/iemie, 1797, i. pp. 34,
592 ; 1798, ii. pp. 508, 691.
Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii.
(Chemia et Res Metallica), p. 147.
Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-
25), vii. p. 533.
Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la M6de-
cine, 1839, iv. p. 441.
Rudolf Wolf, Biographien zur Kulturgeschichte
der Schweiz, 1860, iii. pp. 119-132.
Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand-
•wdrterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 1423.
Friedrich Wieger, Geschichte der Medicin und
ihrer Lehranstalten in Strassburg vom Jahre 1497
bis sum Jahre 1872, Strassburg, 1885, p. 61.
Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen-
den Aerste alter Zeiten und Volker, 1888, vi. p. 385.
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1900, xlv. p.
547 (by Pagel).
ZWO Tincturen auff Roth vnd Weifs.
See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614,
Th. ii. p. 230.
See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 533.
See also TANCKE (JOACHIM), Anonymi Tractatus philosophicus ad rubrum et
album.
ZWOLFER (JOHANN).
See ZWELFER (JOHANN).
ZWOLFF Tractatlein von dem Stein der Weisen.
See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL).
MANUSCRIPTS
II. 20
MANUSCRIPTS.
MS. dated 1447, on paper, of the third book of the Canon of Avicenna.
Folio; size of page: nf by 8f ; size of written column: y| by zf. Double
columns, written in black and red. Signatures a-x in twelves, y in ten, con-
taining 4 leaves of index, and 258 leaves of text, not numbered. In the
original oak boards covered with brown leather, blind-tooled in a lozenge
pattern, and with remains of clasps. At the beginning there is one vellum
fly-leaf originally attached to the board ; at the end, two vellum fly-leaves.
One, originally attached, contains on the side next the board the opening
sentences of Hippocrates' Aphorisms with a commentary all in Latin, written
in a late i4th century hand; the other side is blank. Of the other fly-leaf
one side contains the words : Regime/* a.utem ip/ius e// | quod pater notter qui
es in cel/5, in a late i6th century hand, while the other side contains the
following short index in a 1 4th- 1 5th century hand, and rhymes in an early
1 5th century hand :
In ifto volu»»i«e continentur ifti libri. primo membrorum fit forma phifis ted eorum
\iber almaforiwj rafis. poft huwc . cunciorum trino virtusque ciborvm
liber diuifionuw rafis. quarto feru&tur que falus . ven»J exhileratwr
antidotarius rafis. corpus et ornatwr . quinto fextoqw^ meatwr
de doloribus iuncturarum. per terra.m ve mare . lepteno iuwcta ligare
practica puerorww* rafts. vvln^ra tractare docet offa culimque cwrare
experimenla. rafis. nono de capite fie vfque pedes mala fcite.
fmonima rafis.
Ifte liter eft magiftri . . . [followed by two lines of erasure].
The running title is in red.
The index begins on f. i recto, col. i, with the following heading in red :
Liber cano«is $us qui est de egritudinidus parti-
cwlaribw^, que su«t in mewbris hominis
a capite vsque ad pedes m&nifestii et
occultis r<?»tine»s xxij fen que
complectuntur q«»nqwagi«ta et quatuor tractatiw.
The text begins on f. 5 recto, col. i, as follows:
Incipit liber tertius abince«w
dictio pn'ma de vniuerfw egri-
tudinibus capitis et ij libri
de vtilitate capitis et de
anathomia capitis et cer«bri
[space left for initial I] NQuit Galienus
Ntentio in creando capwrf.
This is in red as far as ' Galienus.'
580
MANUSCRIPTS
At the end y, 10 recto, col. 2, is the following colophon in black :
Explicit liber 37^5 auicewne scrz'ptus
et «wpleta.r per me stephawwwz blanckart
anno dm M° cccc° xlvij0 die xi mensts
nouembris, viz \pso die martiuz sancti.
MS. on paper. Ssec. xix. In German. A collection of receipts and notes on
alchemical subjects, written by different hands. A portion of it is in verse.
Oblong, 4 1 by 7.
MS. on paper. Ssec. xviii. Written in German. 4". Size of page : 8| by 6| ;
writing : 5 by 3|. 92 leaves numbered. Drawings in red chalk, on ff. 2, 29, 30,
31, 63. A little wormed at the end.
f. i. Copia der wahren aegyptischen weifsheit
welche der Ehrwiirdige in gottrtichende P. Rochus :
convertiten Prediger ord: S: Francisci : unter
dem Landshaufs von dem Beriifnbten : Hollend-
ischen Adepto Gomar zum hechsten Schaz bekomen,
hernach selbe aufs liebe und freundschaftt der
Verwittibten fiirstin Petronilla von Darmstattin
gegeben, Von selber aber aufs grofser gnad mir
abschreiben lassen
gott gebe ihnnen alien die ewige Ruche.
f. 2. Tabula aegyptiaca Mysteriosa plena, with
symbols in red chalk.
f. 3 begins : Vrsprung dieser aegyptischen
Weifsheit to f. 27 recto.
f. 28. Pcemandrum der ^Egyptischen weifsheit.
f. 60. ^Egyptisches Cabinet defs Rubin Steins.
f. 63. Symbolic drawing, in red.
ff. 64 recto-6$ recto. Alchemical aphorisms.
f. 65 verso. Symbols of Salt, Sulphur, Mercury.
f. 66. i. Cap. Alfs die Vorrede in der Aller-
Edlesten chymischen wissenschaftt, &c.
f. 92. Finis : Coronal : opus :
MS. on paper. Ssec. xvii. A Collection of Pharmaceutical and Medical
Receipts. It is principally in German, but there are passages in Latin and in
French. The handwriting is various. 4°. Size of page : yf by 6. Pp. 388,
numbered. 8 leaves of contents and index. The index stops at the end of
letter S.
Accompanying it are a number of receipts and prescriptions on separate pieces of paper, of which
the following is a brief list :
1. Zu der Zahn-tinctur. i leaf small 4°.
2. Eine befsondere gutte Latwerg. On a long
slip.
3. A prescription. On a long slip ; begins :
ft. Elect. Lenit. fl.
4. A prescription. On a scrap of paper ; begins :
ft. Spongr. combust. 5"i-
5. Schnee Salben gegen brand, rothlauff und
aufsfahren. i leaf small 4°.
6. A receipt, i leaf small 4° ; begins: Potaschen
3 loth.
7. Zu der Krauter Cur. 2 leaves small 4°.
8. Glieder starckendes Wasser. i leaf small 4°.
9. A prescription, i leaf small 4° ; begins : Nim
frisch Baum Oehl Ib. ij.
10. A fragment on a long slip ; begins : Auff
eine schwache natur &c.
11. A receipt for starch; begins: Mann schelt
die Erdtapfel &c. ; i leaf.
12. Species zur Bluthreinigenden Suppen. i slip.
13. A receipt or prescription, i leaf small 4° ;
begins : ft. Aloes optim. et puriss. ^ Loth.
14. Ein ser kostliches Pflaster, benimbt den
Schmertzen, und leschet den Brandt, und benimbt
alle Hitz inerhalb 24 stundten. i leaf small 4°.
15. Begins : Hernach folgendes Recaspt dienet
vor Unterschiedliche Krankheiten, als nemblich
von den Scharbock, Melancholey, fur die obstruc-
tion der leber und alien inwendigen zustiinden,
erhaltet den leib in statter offnung absonderlich
ist es guet vor die Pest, und hizige Kranckheiten,
hernach gesezte stuck werden also beraithet. 2
leaves small 4°.
16. Prescription or receipt. On a slip of paper ;
begins : Loffelkraut . . . i loth.
17. Weis und Manier die vortreffliche blutrei-
nigte Species zu kochen. i leaf small folio.
18. Ein Kostliche, und Approbirte Schlagwasser
Vor die alte lauth, und Kinder wieder die frass
(a surfeit-water), i leaf small folio.
19. A receipt, i leaf small folio ; begins: Lastel-
kraut ... i loth.
20. Eine besontriie Handt bomade. 2 leaves
small folio. This is in the same handwriting as
the preceding, and is also signed : Magdalena
Dennerin (?).
MANUSCRIPTS
58,
21. Die Rothe Zahn Latwerg. i leaf small folio,
pinned to a more recent version of the receipt on
a slip of paper.
22. Mirakel-Pflaster oder Universal-Pflaster. 4
leaves small folio.
23. Another copy : Miracul oder Universal
Pflaster. 4 leaves folio. This copy is somewhat
more recent than the preceding.
24. A receipt for a stomachic powder. On a long
slip of paper ; begins : R. Rad. Enul. Pinned to
this is another scrap beginning Dieses Pulver
jst, &c.
25. A fragment containing receipts for cures ;
2 leaves, 12°.
26. Begins : Wan ein Mensch der die fiber Rind
ein genomen hadt und kau selber nicht witer
aus dem leib bringen, so soil er dieses nacb
gesetzte Saltz brauchen, als nemlich &c. i leaf
small 4°.
These pieces are all in German, and belong to
the xvii. and xviii. centuries.
MS. on paper entitled : Klein Handbichlein darin aufgezeichnet und
notieret welcher Gestalt ein und andere Materien zur alchimie zu bereiten, und
zu verfertigen nach ihr Kunst mit alien handgriffen nebst Stimung zerschidene
Zeichen und ihre bedeitungen. auch einigen experimenten. Saec. xviii. 4".
Page, 7^ by 6£ ; writing about 7 by 6.
It is a collection of alchemical receipts, in German, such as the purification
of common mercury, the preparation of mercury sublimate, &c.
f. i. Blank.
f. 2. Title, as above.
f. 21. Copie nach dem original welcher Curfirst
August von Sachsen dem j. ist ibergeben und
gemacht worden und da ein deil 10028 deil nidres
metals in 0 transmuteret hat.
f. 35 verso. Text ends.
ff. 36-52. Blank.
f. 53. Symbols.
ff. 53 v-S4 v. begins : Die Alchimie bestehet, £c.
ff. 55-90 recto. Blank.
f. 90 v. Chemical symbols.
MS. on paper in various hands. Saec. xvii. 4°. Size of page, 7^ by 6.
4 preliminary leaves. On the second : ' The
Gyft of God an epistle 105 ye first booke of the
knowledge of ye stone 117/2/169 & verses Lattin
192, Englished 196.' ff. 3-4 blank.
I leaf blank.
P. i. Gods Gift. Begins : Every good givinge
and every perfecte guift is from above, &c. Ends
p. 95. Pp. 45-46 are duplicated.
P. 96. Vision of the Gift of God. Seeynge all
naturall things, &c.
P. 105. The Epistle. The experimente of medi-
tation testifieth to a beleeue, that the spirits, &c.
P. 1 1 6. The First Booke of the Knowledge of the
Stone.
P. 168. The Second Booke.
P. 192. Versus (in Latin).
P. 196. The English translation.
P. 201. Verses : Not full sleepinge nor yet full
wakinge, &c., end p. 215.
P. 216. Blank.
P. 217. A generall table (alphabetical), ends
p. 232.
Pp. 233-236. Blank.
Pp. [1-16]. A generall table of the looking Glasse,
followed by a blank leaf.
Pp. 1-43. The Lookioge Glasse of Philosophye,
The first booke, &c.
Pp. 44-47. Blank.
Pp. 48-77. MS. continued : not corporally nor
imprudently, &c.
Pp. 78-80. Blank.
Pp. 81-95. MS. continued : And you saye :
Pp. 96-98. Blank.
P. 99. MS. continued : all the blacke may be
gathered, ends p. 211, followed by 5 blank pages.
All the preceding is in one hand-writing.
f. 1-4 recto. The booke of 3 words of the qualitie
of the phers stone.
4 verso. Blank.
5. The first dialogue declaring the true and
naturall sentence of the booke ofGeber, ends on
f. 51, and is imperfect.
On f. 1 8 verso the MS. is continued in a different
hand of the xvii. cent, which is much more legible
than the preceding.
This is a translation of Bracesco's first dialogue
between Demogorgon and Geber, and goes on to
' manifestatur ' on Kz verso of the edition Nor-
imbergae, 1548, and p. 89 of the edition Lugduoi,
1548.
MS. on paper. Saec. xviii. late. 6f by 4^. 88 leaves. German translation
of Tractatus Raymundi Lullii de Benedicti Lapidis Philosophici praepara-
tione.
f. i verso. Lux in Tenebris lucens Raymundi f. 2 recto Tractatus Raymundi Lullii de Bene-
Lullii Anno 1682. dicti Lapidis Philosophici prajparatione, ends f. 67
582
MANUSCRIPTS
f. 68. Sequitur Arcanum de Multiplicatione Philo-
sophica in Qualitate, ends f. 72 verso.
f. 73 recto. An astrological note, in pencil.
73 verso. Notes on the sympathetico-curative
effects of gold, silver, and copper.
74 verso. Fragment aus Bernhardi, Symbolum
apostolicum. ' In diesem andern Theil,' &c.
76 verso. Lullii Tractat vom Philosophischen
Stein.
77 verso. Begins : Senior spricht.
78 verso. Hermes spricht, &c. , followed by a
pencil note : Hermes sagt ihr sollt wifsen dafs die
Sone ein grofser machtiger Planet ist, &c.
79 recto. ' Die Sonne, Athamas, der feurige
solarische Sulphur, ist der Vater dieses edlen
Kindes . . . ends f. 88 verso.
The tract from Lullius and the Arcanum which
follows it have been copied from Benedictus
Figulus' Thesaurinella Olympica, Franckf. a. M.,
1682, pp. 142, 146-196.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
VOLUME I.
P. 6, 1. 5. For hermetischen read hermetischer.
P. 6. fiL.Ha. Lalia Crispis ; note, col. i, 1. 15, for Hermann read Heumann.
P. 14. Alanus ; to the references add :
Job. Adam Weber, Einleitung in die Historic der Laleinischen Sprache, Chemnitz, 1736, p. 331.
P. 17. Albertus Magnus ; to the references add :
Anton Maria Kobolt, Baierisches Gelehrten-Lexikon, Landshut, 1795, pp. 24-30 (gives the
contents of the collected edition of his works).
Joh. Adam Weber, Einleitung in die Historie der Lateinischen Sprache, Chemnitz, 1736,
P- 332-
P. 20. Alchymia ; insert :
ALCHYMIA. See CRKILING (JOHANN KONRAD), Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730.
P. 28. Alpinus ; to the references add :
Vergntigen miissiger Slunden, Leipzig, 1713, ii. p. 52. (Alpinus died 23 Nov., 1616, which
happened to be his birthday. After he had lost his hearing he began a work on deafness, a
subject which had not been properly investigated, but he died before it was completed.)
P. 32. Amor Proximi ; note, col. 2, 1. 4, for Kirchen und Ketser Geschichte read Kirchen- und
Ketzer- Historien .
P. 33. For ANDREAS (HERMANN) read ANDREW (HERMANN).
P. 43. Add: ARNALDUS DE VILLANOVA. See also VILLANOVANUS (ARNALDUS).
P. 46. Arnaldus ; references, col. i, 1. 4, to Irnperialis, add the date, 1640; coL 2, 1. 5, for Teutsches
Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kumt, read Keren-Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Feg/euer, &c.
P. 48. Arndt ; references, col. i, 1. u, read Keren Happuch, . . . oder Tevtsches Fegfeuer, &c.
P. 49. Arsoncinus ; to the note add :
Reyher calls him ' Arfoncinus,' which is either a misnomer, or, more likely, a misprint.
Dissertatio de Nummis quibusdam ex ckymico metallo factis, 1692, p. 70.
P. 52. After 1. 30 add :
ARZENEI. See AECHTER (VON) hermetischer Arzenei.
P. 53. Astrea ; for Pusteninec read Pusteuinec.
P. 54. Aubert ; references, col. 2, 1. 5, to Haller, Bibliotkeca Medicina practices, 1777, add : ii. pp.
199, 201 (under Vindonis in the index).
586 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
P. 57. Aureum Vellus ; add :
See also VELLUS AUREUM.
P. 66. Bacon ; to the references add :
Job. Adam Weber, Einleitutig in die Historic der Lateinischen Sprache, Chemnitz, 1736, p. 334.
P. 69. Bang ; note, col. 2, 1. i,for Wittemberg read Wittenberg.
P. 77. Basilius Valentinus ; add :
See also VALENTINUS (BASILIUS).
P. 80. ; De prima Materia Lapidis Philosophic!, add these cross-references :
See ELUCIDATIO Secretorum, 1602, p. 465.
See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium, 1614, ii. p. 700.
See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 700.
P. 82. ; references, col. i, 1. 19, read Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Feg/euer, &c.
P. 84. Baumer ; note, col. i, 1. i,/or igth Sept. read loth Sept. ; references, col. i, 1. 4, under Strieder,
add : pp. 296-305 (long list of works) ; 1. 8, under Meusel, read : Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis
1800 verstorbenen teutschen Schriftsteller, 1802, i. pp. 239-242.
P. 86. 1. i. For BAYRS (ALBERTUS) read BAYER (ALBERTUS) ; add these cross-references :
See HAUTNORTHON (josAPHAT FRIEDEKICH), Lucerna Salis Philosophorum, 1658, p. 159.
See also BEYER (ALBERTUS) ; and add this note : He was a Carmelite and the colloquy here
described took place 18 Feb., 1568.
P. 90. Becher ; to the references add :
Philosophical Transactions, Oxford, 1684, vi. No. 74, p. 2232 (review of Becher's ' Experi-
nientum Chymicum Novum').
Job. Adam Weber, Einleitung in die Historic der Lateinischen Sprache, Chemnitz, 1736, p. 731.
P. 94. Beguinus ; 1. 5, for Lucas du Roi read Lucas de Roi.
P. 97. Bergen ; references, col. 2, 1. 2, under Meusel, read :
Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 verstorbenen teutschen Schriftsteller, 1802, i. pp. 328-331.
P. zoo. Bernhardus Trevisanus ; add : See also TREVISANUS.
P. 103. ; Verbum dimissum, note, for delaisse'e read ddlaissee.
P. 106. Beyer (Albertus) ; add this note : This appears to be the same person as Albertus Bayrs [that
is : Bayer], above mentioned.
P. 106. After 1. 42 insert : BIBLIOTHECA Chemica Contracta. See ALBINEUS (NATHAN).
P. 107. Billich ; note, col. i, 1. 4, for Helmstadt read Helmstadt.
P. 108. Birkholz ; note, col. i, 1. 9, insert the word ' of ' at the beginning 01 the line.
— ; references, col. i, add :
Taschenbuch fiir Akhemisten, 1790, p. 199 (Birkholz is the true name of the person who
calls himself Booz).
— ; references, col. i, line 2, under Meusel, add : p. 305.
P. no. Blankaart ; to the references add :
Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Hisioria Chirurgiae Recentior, Halae Magd., 1713, p. 316 (his
surgical work).
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 587
P. in. Bohme; to the references add :
Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetisches Christenthum, 1690, Th. i. pp. 292, 307-328 ; 1691, Th.
ii. p. 644, &c.
Caspar Sagittarius, tntroductio in Historiam Ecclesiasticam, Jenae, 1718, i. pp. 899-904 (Sect,
xix. Bohmistae, contains a notice of Bohme, Franckenberg and others).
Gottlieb Liefmannus, Dissertatio Historica de Fanaticis Silesiorum et speciatim Quirino Kuhl-
manno . . . Editio IV. , Wittenbergae, 1733, PP- 64, passim.
Herzog, Real- Encyklopadie fur protestantische Theologie und Kirche, Leipzig, 1878, ii. pp. 510-
516 (article by Hamberger) ; Leipzig, 1897, iii. pp. 272-276 (by Debelius).
P. 112. Boerhaave ; 1. 10 : the 8° edition of 1732, there mentioned was published at Leipzig, ' apud
Casparum Fritsch' ; Tom. I. vol. i. rf. [8] 32 ; pp. 37-356, ff. [12, consisting of 6 plates with relative
explanations]; Tom. I. vol. ii. pp. [357-358] 359-744 [Index, 76]; ff. [22, consisting of n plates
with relative explanations]; Tom. II. pp. 470 [Index 98]. The title is the same in both editions,
but in that of the first Tomus of the 8° edition, the contents are given inaccurately : ' qui continet
operationes chemicas,' instead of ' qui continet Historiam et Artis Theoriam,' which it really does.
P. 114. Bolnest ; to the references add :
Philosophical Transactions, 1672, vii. No. 85, p. 5023 (review of his book ' A rational way of
preparing Animals, Vegetables and Minerals for a physical use,' London, 1672).
P. 119. Borrichius ; to the references add :
Philosophical Transactions, In the Savoy, 1668, iii. No. 39, p. 779 (review of Borrichius' ' De
Ortu et Progressu Chemias Dissertatio ').
Job. Adam Weber, Einleitung in die Historie der Lateinischen Sprache, Chemnitz, 1736,
p. 738, &c.
P. 122. Boyle ; to the references add :
Siegm. Jac. Baumgarten, Nachricht von merkwiirdigen Buchern, Halle, 1756, ix. pp. 506-519
(review of Shaw's edition of Boyle's works).
P. 122. — ; references, col. 2, last line, after 1902, read pp. 1-31.
P. 134. C. (C.), L. ; for Lipsensis read Lipsiensis.
P. 139. Campanella ; to the references add :
Theophilus Sincerus, Nachrichien von lauter alten und raren Buchern, Franckf. u. Leipz.,
1732, iiii. Stuck, pp. 209-212 ('De Sensu Rerum & Magia,' Francof., 1620).
Siegm. Jac. Baumgarten, Nachrichten von einer hallischen Bibliothek, Halle, 1751, vii. p. 512;
1751, viii. p. no.
Baumgarten, Nachrichten von merkwiirdigen Buchern, Halle, 1755, viii. pp. 319, 321, 324, 418,
420, 421 (various works).
P. 145. Carerius ; to the references add :
Caspar Sagittarius, Introductio in Historiam Ecclesiasticam, Jenae, 1718, i. p. 716 (about his
book ' De Potestate Romani Pontificis').
P. 152. Charas ; references, col. 2, 1. 9, for His read Their.
P. 169. Cohausen ; to the references add :
Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, Adelung's Fortsetzung und Ergdntungen, 1787, ii.
col. 401.
Job. Gottlob Wilh. Dunkel, Historisch-Critische Nachrichten von verstorbenen Gelehrten und
deren Schriften, Cothen, 1755, I. iv. p. 635, No. 907.
P. 169. Collectanea Chymica ; note, col. i, 1. ii,for Platts read Platt.
P. 176. Consilium ; note, col. i, 1. 2, for 1567 read 1566.
P. 177. Copus; in the cross-reference, for ARIPONUS read ARIOPONUS.
588 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
P. 181. Grata Repoa ; to the note add :
This is an anagram of Opera arcta, which see.
P. 184. Crell ; to the references add :
Job. Joachim Eschenburg, Entwur* einer Geschichte des Collegii Carolini in Braunschweig,
Berlin und Stettin, 1812, p. 62.
P. 187. Crollius ; references, col. i, 1. i, Bellinger's tract is contained in the 1620 edition of the Basilica
Chymica.
P. 191. Crusius ; references, col. i, 1. 10, to Motschmann, add the date, 1733.
P. 198. Dariot ; Der dritte . . . Theil, contents, No. <),for Golds read Goldes.
P. 208. Detharding ; in the references, col. i, 1. IT, substitute : Adelung, Fortsetzung und Ergiinsungen
zu . . . Jochers allgemeinen Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. cols. 675-678. (The George Detharding
Adelung describes, seems, however, to be different from the present person ; at least Adelung does
not include the above works in the list of ' Disputationes," ' Programmata,' and other writings which
he enumerates. )
P. 208. Deusing ; note, col. 2, lines i and 3, for Groeningen read Groningen.
— ; to the references add :
Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Historia Chirurgiae recentior, Halae Magd. , 1713, p. 279.
P. 213. Digby ; references, col. i, 1. 2, under Witte, for July, 1655 read July, 1665.
— ; to the references add :
Vergniigen miissiger Stunden, Leipzig, 1713, ii. p. 43. (The author follows Witte in placing
Digby's death on ii July, 1665, in his 62nd year, and on his birthday.)
P. 215. Dippel ; to the references add :
Siegm. Jac. Baumgarten, Nachrichten von einer hallischen Bibliothek, Halle, 1748, ii. pp.
415-441 ('Analysis Cramatis . . .,' p. 433).
P. 229. Durastarites ; in the references, col. 2, 1. i, substitute : Adelung, Fortsetzung und Erganzungen
zu . . . Jochers allgemeinen Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 800 (calls him Johannes Matthaus
Durastante, and does not refer to the present work).
P. 233. Eglinus ; references, col. 2, 1. 2,/orTigur, readTigur. , 1704.
P. 245. Ercker ; references, col. i, 1. 4, under Leupold, for 1735 read 1732.
P. 254. Ettner ; to the references add :
Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Historia Chirurgiae recentior, Halae Magd., 1713, p. 252.
P. 266. Fehr ; note, col. i, 1. i,for Kitzingen read Kissingen.
P. 269. Ficinus ; to the references add :
Colberg, Das Plalonisch-Hermetisches Christenthicm, 1690, i. p. 162 (Ficinus a magician).
P. 280. Flamel ; Histoire critique der Nicolas Flamel, /"<;>• der read de.
P. 281. — ; references, col. 2, 1. 31, for Delaunaye read Delaulnaye.
P. 284. Fludd ; to the references add :
Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetisches Christenthum, 1690, i. p. 286.
Andreas Ottomar (Joelicke, Historia Chirurgiae recentior, Halae Magd., 1713, p. 280 (weapon-
salve).
Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Historia Medicinae Vniversalis, Francof. a. V., 1721, p. 16 (the
thermometer).
Siegm. Jac. Baumgarten, Nachrichten von merkwurdigen Buchern, Halle, 1755, viii. pp. 226-233
('Philosophia moysaica, Goudse, 1638, fol. reviewed; rarity of his works); 234-235 (reply to
Foster, Goudce, 1638, folio).
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 589
P. 290. Franckenherg ; to the references add :
Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. Ccc 4 verso, 25 Jun. 1652.
Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetisches Christenthum, 1690, i. p. 326 (an eager Bohmist ; list of his
works).
Caspar Sagittarius, Introductio in Historian Ecclesiasticam, Jenae, 1718, i. p. 902.
Gottlieb Liefmannus, Dissertatio historica de Fanaticis Silesiorum et speciatim Quirino Kuhl-
manno . . . Editio IV., Wittenbergae, 1733, 4°, pp. 27-29. (Vir certe doctissimus & modestiue
inpriinis ac pacis studiosus. Rogatus enim aliquando a Principe Olsnensi cujus esset religionis,
dixit : Ego sum religionum COR, i.e. Catholicoe, Orthodoxae, Reformatae. ' He was a follower of
Bphme, and his books have been reviewed by Calovius and others. His remarkable epitaph is
given by Liefmannus.)
Theophilus Sincerus, Bibliotheca Historico-Critica Librorum Opusculorumque variorum et
rariorum, Niirnberg, 1736, p. 37 ('Notae Mysticae,' 1673, 8°).
Fictuld, Tvrba Philosophorum, 1763, p. 12, Die hermetische Schmaragd-Tafel.
Tasclunbuch fiir Alchemisten, 1790, pp. 261-288 (two theosophic letters).
P. 302. Geber ; note, col. 2, 1. 22, for resembles the style of the Magic read resembles in style the
Magic.
P. 304. Gedanken ; insert the entry :
GEDANKEN. See ZUFALLIGK Naturgemase Gedanken, 1762.
P. 305. GEHEIMNISS vom Salze, read GEHEIMNISS (Das) vom Salz.
P. 306. Between lines 38-39 insert above the Hebrew : GEHEIMNUSS, as the title.
P. 308. Gehler; references, col. i, 1. i, under Weiz, add: p. 70.
P. 315. Gesner ; note, col. 2, 1. 22, for Ulstadt read Ulstad.
P. 327. Glauber ; lines 23 and 38, for Teutschlands read Teutschlandes.
P. 329. — ; note, col. 2, for Vreeswyck read Vreeswyk.
P. 329. — ; references, col. i, 1. 2, make the same change.
P. 332. Gmelin ; to the references add :
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1879, ix. p. 270.
P. 343. Gravenhorst ; references, col. i , 1. 5, cancel the reference to Pott.
P. 349. Grosschedel ; to the references add :
Anton Maria Kobolt, Baierisckes Gelehrten-I.exikon, Landshut, 1795, p. 288 (from Manget) ;
Erganzungen und Berichtigungen, Ibid., p. 334 (from Gmelin, i. p. 562).
P. 351. Gualdus ; to the references add :
Taschenbuch fur Alchemisten, 1790, pp. 236-261.
Ketmia Vere, Der Compafs der Weisen, Berlin und Leipzig, 1779, p. 43, note. (I have not seen
the edition of 1782. )
P- 353- Guibert; references, col. i, 1. i, for Schenkins read Schenkius; ibid., for Bibliotheca Medica,
p. 416, read Bibliotheca latrica siue Bibliotheca Medica, Francof., 1609, p. 416.
P. 353. — ; note, col. 2, lines 2 and 7, for Vancouleurs read Vaucouleurs.
P. 355. Gutmann ; 1. 27, delete the word 'other.'
P- 356^ — I references, col. i, 1. 6, read Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetisches Christenthum, 1690, i.
pp. 288-289, (Ciutmann's lxx)k was copied by a Duke of Wurtemberg at the cost of several thou-
sand gulden, and carefully preserved ; the course of Gutmann's studies).
— ; to the references add :
Theophilus Sincerus, Nachrichten von lauter alien und raren Biichern, Frankf. und Leipzig,
1732, iiii. StQck, pp. 2.28-233 (account of the ' Offenbahrung,' 1619, 4°).
590 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
P. 366. Hartmann (Johann) ; to the references add :
Anton Maria Kobolt, Baierisches Gelehrten-Lexikon, Landshut, 1795, PP- 3°6-3°8 (from
Witte, Jbcher and Mangel); Erganzungen und Berichtigungen, Ibid., 1824, p. 138.
P. 367. Haselmeyer ; references, col. 2, Haselmeyer's book is mentioned by Kloss, Bibliographie der
Freimaurerei, 1844, No. 2439.
P. 368. Haudicquer de Blancourt ; references, col. i, 1. i, for Scavans read Sfavans.
P. 371. Hebenstreit ; references, col. i, 1. i, under Weiz, add: p. 99. (He was the son of the pro-
foundly learned and highly esteemed Dr. Johann Ernst Hebenstreit, Professor of Medicine at
Leipzig.)
P. 380. Helmont (F. M. van) ; to the references add :
Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Historia Chirurgiae recentior, Halae Magd., 1713, p. 301.
Siegm. Jac. Baumgarten, Nachrichten von merkwiirdigen Biichern, Halle, 1753, iv. pp. 504-512
(' Paradoxal Discourse').
P. 381. Helmont (J. B. van) ; references, col. 2, 1. 12, after 1714 add or 1732.
P. 384. Helvetius ; references, col. i, 1. 1,/brGoosen read Goossen.
P. 385. — ; references, col. i, 1. 3, for Bibliotheca Botanica, ii. read i.
P. 388. Herlicius ; add to the note : One of his works has the title : Prognosticon Astrologicuin Anni
M. DC. XIX. futurum habitum breviter enarrans, small 4°, sigs. A-D in fours, E i or pp. [34]. On
the title-page is a vignette, a rough woodcut portrait of Herlicius, ' ^Etat: 55 Ano: 1616.' It and
the portrait given by Freher sufficiently resemble one another to give a notion of what Herlicius
was like.
P. 389. Hermes ; to the note under ' II Pimandro ' add :
Though hardly connected with the main subject, yet as I happen to have the first dated edition
of the Pinmnder before me, and as it is so rare that it was not seen by Hain though he describes
it (No. 8456), I may mention it. It was printed : Tarvisii, M.CCCC.LXXI, small 4°, ff. 56, 11. 24,
and the type is neat and distinct. It was translated by Marsilius Ficinus, and he has prefixed an
' argumentum ' about Hermes and his books.
P. 391. — ; add the cross-reference :
Die hermetische Schmaragd-Tafel. See FICTULD (HERMANN), Turba Philosophorum, 1763,
p. 12.
P- 393- — • to the references add :
Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetisches Christenthum, 1690, i. pp. 87-90, 92-99.
p. 294. — ; references, col. i, 1. 5, for Histoire read Historie.
P. 394. — ; to the references add :
Ketmia Vere, Der Compafs der Weisen, Berlin und Leipzig, 1779, p. 32.
P. 398. Hermetisches A. B. C. Th. \\\.,for Henry Vaughan read throughout Henry Vanghan (sic).
P. 403. Heurnius ; to the references add :
Vergniigen miissiger Stunden, Leipzig, 1713, ii. pp. 35'38- (According to the author,
who is discussing learned men who have died on the anniversary of their birth-days, both
Witte and Thuanus (Hist. Lib. cxxvii. ad Ann. 1601, p.m. 954) are mistaken about
Heurnius, for he was born 25 Jan., 1543, and died ii Aug., 1601, though almost at the
moment of his birth. It was not his birthday, therefore, which was fatal to him, but his natal
hour. Oronce Fins', the mathematician, had a like fate.)
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 591
P. 404. Hildebrandt (Georg Fried.); references, col. i, 1. 3, substitute: G. W. A. Fikenscher, Voll-
standige Akademische Gelehrten Geschichte der . . . Universitdt zu Erlangen, Niirnberg, 1806, ii.
pp. 112-123 (and references), (life and list of his writings) ; 343 (additional references to Meusel,
4th ed.).
— ; references, col. 2, 1. i, Eschenburg ; for der read des, and add: p. 73. ('In August,
1789, by a special rescript he got the liberty to teach chemistry to students of the Carolinum in
Brunswick. ')
— ; to the references add :
Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, 5e Ausgabe, 1797, iii. pp. 324-326 ; 1801, ix. p. 590 ; 1805,
xi. P- 355-
P. 413. Hollandus (Joh. Is.) ; note, col. i, 1. n, for John read Sohn.
P. 416. Horn (Caspar) ; in the second reference/or Bernhard read Bernhardus.
P. 417. Horn (Georg) ; to the references add :
Caspar Sagittarius, Introductio in Historiam Ecclesiasticam, lenae, 1718, i. pp. 197-199 (curious
account of his life and works ; his death was due to his grief, ' ob circumventionem sibi ab
impostore chemico factam ') ; 354 (commendation of his ' Historia Ecclesiastica et Politica ') ; 403
(' Liber de Statu Ecclesiae Anglicanae ').
P. 420. Hortulanus ; note, col. 2,1. 15, /or Vincentus read Vincentius.
P. 434. Jean de Mehun ; to the references add :
Thevet, Histoire des plus illuslres et sfavans Hommes de leurs siecles, 1670, vii. p. 51.
P. 445. Jungken, ' Lexicon Chymico-Pharmaceuticum' ; to the note add :
The first edition was published : Norimbergae, by Joh. Zieger and George Lehmann, 1699, 8°,
PP- [32] 265, [13. 2 blank] ; 423 [36, 5 blank]. It was preceded by his ' Lexicon Pharmaceuticum,'
the second edition of which appeared at Frankfurt, 1698, printed for Zieger and Lehmann, 8°,
pp. [8] 328, 76.
Pp. 448, 449, 450. Title, and elsewhere,/0r Rachaidibi read Rachaidibus.
P. 450. Kalid ; references, col. i, 1. 2, for 139 read 137.
P. 458. Kerckring ; to the references add :
Philosophical Transactions, Oxford, 1684, vi. No. 71, p. 2162 (review of Kerckring's edition ot
the 'Currus Triumphalis Antimonii ').
Hans Schroder, Lexicon der Hambnrgischen Schriftsteller 1857, iii. p. 564.
P. 464. Khunrath ; to the references add :
Siegm. Jac. Baumgarten, Nachrichten von einer hallischen Bibliothek, 1751, vii. pp. 411-418
(' Amphitheatrum ').
P. 468. Kircher ; to the references add :
Philosophical Transactions, In the Savoy, 1665, i. No. 6, p. 109 (review of Kircher's ' Mundus
Subterraneus ').
Siegm. Jac. Baumgarten, Nachrichten von einer hallischen Bibliothek, 1751, viii. pp. 139-146
('Mundus Subterraneus'), 146-152 ('China Illustrata '), 152-153 (' La Chine').
P. 469. Kirchmajer ; to the references add :
Joh. Adam Weber, Einleitvng in die Historic der Lateinischen Sprache, Chemnitz, 1736, p. 762.
P. 472. Kirwan ; to the reference to (imelin add : 287, 307, 314, 316, 322, 368, 372, 373, 379, 381, 422
(short notice of him), 560, 567, 614 (specific gravities), 625, 661, 674, 680, 834, 853 (bleaching
liquids), 855, 861, 935, 936.
592 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
P. 481. Krautermann ; references, col. 2, 1. 4, for Allgemeinen read Allgemeinem.
— ; to the references add :
Motschmann, Erfordia literata, 1729, iste Sammlung, pp. 155-157- (In his article on
Christophorus de Hellwig, Motschmann quotes, as by Krautermann, Regnum Animale,
Franckfurt und Leipzig, 1716, in 8, i Alph. 9 Kogen, and Regnum Vegetabile and
Regnum Minerale, both without date. He omits Der curieuse Scheider, 1717, which he might
have known, and Der curieuse Chymicus, which he could hardly have included, seeing that it is
of the same date, 1729, as his own book.
After the references insert this cross-reference :
See VERTRAULICHES Sendschreiben, 1716. This tract is written against Krautermann.
P. 486. Kunst ; insert the entry :
KUNST. See WARUM gelangen nur wenige Menschen zum Meistersttick der koniglichen
Kunst ?
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 593
VOLUME II.
P. 2. After 1. 4 insert :
LABORATORIUM. See W. (G.), Geheimes und Verborgenes Chymisches Laboratoriurn,
1739-
P. 6. Lancilotti ; since writing the notes, three of Lancilotti's works have come into my hauds. They
are as follows :
Guida alia Chimica, che conduce gl' affetionati per il Regno Metallico, . . . Divisa in tre libri
... In Modona per il Soliani 1672. . . . 12°, pp. 313 [i blank]. This is the first edition and it
seems to be rare.
Farmaceutica Antimoniale overo Trionfo dell' Antimonio. ... In Modona, M.DC.LXXXIII.
Per gli Eredi Soliani. . . . 12°, pp. [35, i blank] 287 [i blank]; 2 folding symbolical plates, 4
leaves, each containing a woodcut, i symbolical, 3 of chemical apparatus. This is the first
edition.
Farmaceutica Mercuriale overo Trionfo del Mercuric. ... In Modona, per <jli F>edi Soliani.
. . . 1683. 12°, pp. [2] 209 [r] 8.
Tiraboschi, Biblioteca Modenese, 1783, iii. pp. 70-71.
P. 13. Lavoisier ; references, col. 2, 1. 3 from the end, add :
1902, pp. 123-148.
P. 14. Lebenwaldt ; note, col. 2, 1. 21, for Innspruck read Innsbruck.
P. 1 8. Lefevre ; to the references add :
Niceron, Aftfmoires, 1729, vii. p. 131.
P. 22. Lemery ; note, col. 2, 1. 6 from the end, add :
The Trait^ . . . des drogues simples was translated into Italian and passed through several
editions. The title is : Uizionario overo Trattato Universale delle Droghe Setnplici in cui si
ritrovano i loro different! nomi, la loro origine, . . . e tutto cio, che v'ha di particolare negli
An i mali, ne' Vegetabili, e ne' Mineral! Opera dipendente dalla Farmacopea Universale scritta in
Francese dal Sig. Niccolo' Lemery . . . e tradotta in Italiano. Edizione terea accresciuta. In
Venezia, MDCCLI. . . Folio. Pp. [12] 374 [46], xxv. plates,. With the same title the fourth
edition was published at Venice in 1766 in a tall folio, pp. [12] 388. xxv. plates.
P. 24. Lemnius ; to the references add :
Johann Reygersberg, Chroniick van Zeelandt . . . vermeerdert door Marcus Zuerius van Box-
horn, Middelburch, 1644, i. p. 460 (one of the most distinguished men of whom Zeelandt can
boast ; physician to th<; King of Sweden before returning to his own country ; died in holy
orders ').
Pieter de la Rue, Geletterd Zetland, te Middelburg, 1734, pp. 185-188 (and references).
P. 45. Lucerna ; to the references add :
Siegm. Jac. Baumgarten, Nachi
(The initials J. R. G. have been ir
II. 2 P
Siegm. Jac. Baumgarten, Nachrichteit von merkwiirdigen Biichern, Halle, 1756, x. pp. 403-405.
(The initials J. R. G. have been interpreted as those of Johann Rudolph Gerlandus.)
594 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
P. 55. Lullius ; to the references add :
Scipione Severino, Glosa sopra Raimundo Lullo, e sopra la Turbo. Filosofica, Venetia, 1684,
small 8°.
Johann Adam Weber, Einleitung in die Historie der Lateinischen Sprache, Chemnitz, 1736,
P- 353-
P. 56. — ; references, col. 2, 1. 20 from the bottom, for Lichdntcktafeln read Lichtdrncktafeln.
P. 75. Marbodaeus ; to the references add :
Johann Adam Weber, Einleitung in die Historie der Lateinischen Sprache, Chemnitz, 1736,
p. 321.
P. 87. Mennens ; to the references add :
Jean Noel Paquot, Mf moires pour servir d V Histoire littfraire des dix-sept Provinces des Pays-
Bas, Louvain, 1768, ii. pp. 671-672.
P. 105. Monte-Snyder ; to the references add :
Hannemann, Ovum Hermelico-Paracelsico-Trismegistum, 1694, pp. 219-224 (quotes Vreeswyk's
story at full length).
P. 109. Morienus ; note, col. 2, 1. 3 from the end, for [41] read [4], and add : Morienus' book occupies
ff. 1-34 ; the Responsio, ff. 35-66. The four leaves at the end contain the Tabula, Sententiae, &c.,
and Index Rerum.
P. 115. Mtiller (Ambrosius) ; note, col. 2, 1. 5, /or Teutsche read Teutschen.
P. 116. Miiller (Philip) ; to the references add :
Anton Maria Kobolt, Baierisches Gelehrten-Lexikon, Landshut, 1795, p. 471.
P. 149. Oberndorffer ; to the references add :
Anton Maria Kobolt, Baierisches Gelehrten-Lexikon, Landshut, 1795, p. 483 (controversy
with Martin Rulandus, early in the seventeenth century) ; Erganzitngen und Herichtigungen ,
Ibid., 1824, p. 387.
P. 151. Occulta Philosophia : 1. 16, for BASIL VALENTIN read BASILIUS VALENTINUS.
P. 152. Ocyorus ; add to the note : The following is a description of the 1552 edition : Experimenta.
Von xx. Pestilentz Wurtzeln vnd Kreutern, wie sie alle vnd ein jeglichs besonder, Fur Gifft vnd
Pestilentz gebraucht mogen werden : Dem Menschen inn vnd aufswendig, Sampt viel andern
heilsamen tugenten vnd wirckungen, Deudsche Recepta, Auch der Kreuter gestalt vnd eigent-
schafft, aufs langwiriger vnnd gewisser erfarung, Durch Tarquinium Ocyorum alias Schnellen-
bergium, der Freien Kiinste vnd Artzney Doctor. Zu Dortmunde, an den tag gegeben. Gedruckt
zu Franckfurdt am Mayn, durch Hermann Giilfferichen in der Schnurgassem zum Krug. M. D.Lij.
Small square 8°, ff. 47 numbered, i not numbered, which contains a coat of arms. Title red
and black. Woodcuts of the plants in the text. This is a rare little book, and as neat as it is rare.
P. 156. Orschall ; 1. 2 insert : See WUNDER-DREY, 1737.
P. 164. Insert the cross-reference
PAMPHILUS (Lucious). See THEATRI Alchymistico-Medici. Breve & jucundum Spectaculum.
Mercklin, Lindenius renovafus, 1686, p. 758.
Pp. 171-172. Paracelsus ; to the references add :
Henry More, ' Enthusiasmus Triumphatus, ' Sects. XLV.-XLIX., pp. 31-36, in A Collection
of Several Philosophical Writings of D. Henry More, Lond., 1662, folio, the second edition.
(These sections contain a criticism, or ' censure' of Paracelsus, with a collection of some of his
notions. )
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 595
Vergnugung miissiger Stunden, Leipzig, 1714, Th. iii. (In the contents of this part there is :
IV. Von Theophrasti Paracets\schen Schrifften ; but at the end in a note the author apologizes
for having had to pass over this article from lack of time.)
Moehsen, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Wissenschaften in der Mark Brandenburg, 1783, p. 38.
Der Unpartheyische Bibliothecarius, Leipzig, 1713, Th. i., pp. 88-95, No. xvii. 'Was halten
die Gelehrten von Theophrasto Paracelso und desselben Schnfften?' (Those quoted against him
are Erastus, Gesner, Kircher, von Ziegler, George Vetter, and their accusations are of drunken-
ness, magic, intercourse with devils, atheism, treasure-digging, alchemy, &c., &c. ; those who
allow him some merit are Quercetanus, Guintherius Andernacus, Struvius. His epitaph is given.)
Siegrn. Jac. Baumgarten, Nachrichten von einer hallischen Biblivthek, 1751, vii. pp. 408-411
('Werke,1 1603, foL)
P. 172. — ; references, col. i, 1. 7, for Hermetische read Hermetisches.
P. 177. Paykull ; to the references add :
L. M. A short Narrative of the Life and Death of John Rhinholdt Count Patkul, . . . trans-
lated out of a High Dutch Manuscript. . . . The second Edition. London, 1717, pp. 54-57.
(Patkul is not to be confused with Paykull, who was put to death on much the same accusation ;
an account is given of the circumstances of Paykull's or PeikuFs execution and the apparently
treacherous action of the king. No allusion is made to the making of gold.)
P. 196. Philalethes (Eugenius) ; to the note under ' Aula Lucis ' add :
The translation first appeared with the following title : Aula Lucis, oder : Das Haufs defs
Liechts, durch S. N. Einen der Kunst zu dieser Zeit Berlissenen in Englischer Sprache
beschrieben, und nunmehr den Liebhabern derselbigen zu Gefallen in hoch teutsche Sprache
iibersetzt durch J. L. M. C.
Hie locus est, quern, (si verbis audacia detur :)
Haud timeam magni dixisse palatia Cosli.
Gedruckt zu Franckfurt, Verlegt durch Gottfried Liebernickel, Buchhandl. in Hamburg. 1690.
8°, pp. 38 [2 blank].
P. 203. Pico (Giov. Francesco) ; to the references add :
Thevet, Hisfoire des plus illustres et scavans Hommes de leurs sucles, 1670, vii. p. 123.
P. 206. Plato ; references, col. 2, 1. 2, for Beytrdge read Beitrdge.
P. 222. Pott (Joh. Heinrich) ; to the references add :
Dr. Robert Pott, Johann Heinrich Pott. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Zeilalters der
Phlogistontheorie, Jena, 1876, 8°, pp. 23 [i].
P. 226. Priestley ; references, col. 2, 1. 3, add :
1902, pp. 32-59 ; 149-184.
P. 236. Quercetanus; note, col. i, 1. 12, for from nrarfand.
P. 242. Lines i and 2, for Rachaidibi read Rachaidibus.
P. 247. Reconditorium ; after 1. 17 add this note :
The ' Commentatio de Pharmaco Catholico,' which forms part of this book, was published
at Amsterdam in 1678 by Elizeus Weyerstraet, in 24°, p. 80, along with tracts by Sendivogius,
Artephius, and Basilius Valentinus.
P. 247. Recueil ; last line, for ' These last ' read ' These last observations.'
P. 266. Rhumelius (Joh. Conrad); references col. 2, 1. 15, under Kobolt, add:
(Notice from Witte, Mangel, and Jbcher) ; Ergdnzungen und Berichtigungen, Ibid., 1824, p.
248 (list of works, from Gr. Theophilus, allgem. Bticher Lexikon).
P. 289. Rosencreutzer ; to the cross-references add :
See ZUFALLIGE Naturgemase Gedanken, 1762.
P. 291. — ; to the note add :
Perhaps a short reference should have been made to the romantic literature which professes
to have sprung from the Rosicrucian fiction. Not to speak of the ' Hermetick Romance'
itself, perhaps the earliest specimen was the Abb<£ Villars1 Comte de Gaiatis, which first
596 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
appeared ''anonymously at Paris, in 1670, in 12°, and has now become very rare. Almost
as rare is the first edition in English, London, 1680, 12°, though the later one of 1714 is
common enough. From this Pope borrowed the notion of sylphs and gnomes in The Rape
of the Lock.
In 1822 'A Gentleman of the University of Oxford1 proclaimed himself the author of
a romance, entitled : St. Irvyne ; or, The Rosicrucian. It was printed at London for J. J.
Stockdale, in a 12° volume, pp. [4] 236, and, when it can be got at all, should be uncut,
in boards covered with grey paper, with a green diced cloth back and a paper label, which
informs us that the price is 45. This incoherent production is by Shelley, and if one could
imagine for a moment that the author had been in a humorous frame of mind, one
would say that it was meant as a burlesque, somewhat after the manner of ' St. Godwin,"
but such an idea would be more extravagant than the book itself. There is nothing of
Rosicrucianism in it.
In 1842 Bulwer-Lytton published his Rosicrucian romance, ' Zanoni,' in three volumes.
Lastly, in 1844, Harrison Ainsworth began in his own Magazine, vol. vi. , a story entitled
' Revelations of London,' with illustrations by Phiz, which appeared separately at a later date
under the title 'Auriol.' In this the author utilizes the Story of the discovery of the tomb of
Christian Rosencreutz, but lays the scene in Stepney. Historical or legendary dates are treated
with equal freedom.
P. 291. — ; references, col. 2, 1. 26, for Platonisch-Hermetische read Platoniscti-Hermetisches.
P. 292. — ; to the references add :
J. M. Francke, Catalogus Bibliothecae Bunavianae, 1750, I. i. 2, pp. 997-1000 (De Societate
Roseae Crucis).
Caspar Sagittarius, Introductio in Hisloriam Ecclesiasticam, Jenae, 1718, ii. p. 702 (he quotes
the works on the F. R. C. by David Mederus, 1616, and Lalamgus (sic), Antwerp. , 1630, 8°, which
I have not seen).
P. 303. Ruland (Martin), the elder; references, col. 2, 1. 10, under Kobolt, add :
pp. 569-571 (from Witte, Mangel, Jocher, More'ri) ; Ergdnzungen und Berichtigungen, Ibid.,
1824, p. 400.
P. 306. Rupescissa ; to the references add :
Mathias Flacius Illyricus, Catalogus testium veritatis, qui ante nostrum celatem reclamarunt
Pafce, Basileae per loannem Opormum, 1556, p. 897 (lived about 1340, put in prison for his
heresies, wrote a ' libellus propheticus' called ' Vade mecum in tribulationem,' and other works ;
no reference to his alchemy).
P. 311. Sachs von Lewenheimb ; to the references add :
' Memoria Sachsiana,' printed as an appendix to Miscellanea Curiosa Medico- Physica
Academics Natur<z Curiosorum, sive Ephemeridum . . . Annus Qtiartus et Quintus Anni
MDCLXXIII. fir* MDCLXXIV., Franc. & Lips., 1688. It is accompanied by a portrait.
P. 316. Sala (Angelo) ; note, col. 2, add :
The 1682 edition, mentioned by Haller has this title : Angeli Salae, . . . Opera omnia Medico-
Chymica hactenus separatim diversisque linguis excusa, nunc uno volumine, Latinoque idiomate
edita, et novissima hac Editione non solum a meudis quamplurimis correcta, sed etiam juxta
Originalia, Vt & Exemplar Clarissimi Domini D. JohannisSchroderi, Physici olim Francofurtensis
Ordinarii, revisa & emendata. Addito Indice rerum & verborum locupletissimo. Francofurti,
Apud Hermannum a Sande. Typis Johannis Andrese. Anno M.DC.LXXXII. Small 4°.
Pp. [16] 927 [25]. The preliminary pages contain a portrait and an engraved and a printed
title page. The portrait purports to be : ' Vera Effigies Angeli Salae Vicentini Chymiatri Candi-
dissimi et Archiatri Megalopolitani.' A photograph of this portrait is prefixed to his biography
by A. Blanck.
P. 332. Scbeele ; references, col. 2, last line add :
1902, pp. 60-78.
P- 335- Schlosser (Johannes Albertus) ; to the note add :
His two papers were afterwards published together : Tractatus-Chemici duo. I. De Sale
Urinae humanse nativo. II. De Calcis Vivas Actione in Salem Volatilem Alcalinum. Auctore
Johanne Alberto Schlosser, Med. Doct. S. R. L. S. nunc denuo typis mandati. Harlingae,
Apud Folkerum van der Plaats, Bibliopolam. 1760. 8°, pp. [7, i blank] 38 [i, i blank]; [Title
of tract II. i, i blank] 21 [i blank].
p. 353. Schwartzfus ; references, col. i, 1. i, for Histori read Historic.
p. 253. Schweighardt ; references, col. i, last line, for und Freymaurerordens read und des Frey-
maurerordens.
P. 358. Scotus ; references, col. 2, 1. 8, ' Florent. ' should precede 1858. The 1736 edition was printed
at Hamburg.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS 597
Pp. 358 and 360. Scotus ; to the references add :
WeidJer, Historia Astronomiae, Vitembergae, 1741, p. 324 (Cap. xiii. § 28, Scotus' work on the
Sphere of Sacro Bosco).
Lucien Leclerc, Histoire de la Medecine Arabe, 1876, ii. pp. 451-459 (Scotus as a translator).
P. 370. Sendivogius ; references, col. 2, 1. 2 from the end, /or Schellenz r<?arf Schelenz.
P. 372. Sennertus ; to the note add :
Appended to his book : Epitome Naturalis Scientise, Oxoniae, 1653, there is a tract entitled :
Auctarium Epitomes Physicae, pp. [2] 58, which consists of extracts from his book ' De Chymi-
•corum cum Aristotelicis et Galenicis Consensu ac Dissensu ' and other works, treating ' De
Principiis Chymicis, in Gencre' and ' De Principiis Chymicis in Specie,' i.e. of salt, sulphur, and
mercury.
— ; to the references add :
Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Historia Ckirurgiae recentior, Halae Magd., 1713, p. 238.
P. 376. Seton ; to the references add :
Hannemann, Ovum Hermetico-Paracehico-Trismegistum, 1694, p. 210, No. xxvi.
P. 379. Severino (Scipione) ; add to the note : He was author also of the following rare tract, which has
just come into my hands : Glosa sopra Raimundo Lullo, e sopra la Turba Filosofica, per prodursi
Oro, & Argento, mediante la Natura, e 1'Arte. Dilucidata dal nobile D. Scipione Severino
Napolitano. In Venetia 1684. Con licenza de' Superiori. Small 8°, pp. [4] 66, Aggiunta
[i, i blank] Tavola, [2] 2 Additione [15, i blank].
P. 380. Sgobbis (Antonio de) ; to the -note add :
De Sgobbis had the reputation of being the best compounder of Venice treacle, a mixture of
a great number of ingredients, including vipers, said to have come down from Nero's physician.
According to Sir Ralph Verney, De Sgobbis lived in Venice, at the Sign of the ' Ostridge,
sopra il ponte de' Barreled, on the right hand going to St. Mark's.'
Margaret M. Verney, Memoirs of the Verney Family, 1894, iii. p. 45.
P. 392. Sperber ; to the references add :
Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetisches Christenthum, 1690, Th. i. pp. 121 (extracts from his
works) ; 286 (a Rosicrucian) ; 287 (his writings) ; 1691, Th. ii. p. 29 (boasts of his great arts).
Siegm. Jac. Baumgarten, Nachrichten von merkwiirdigen Buchern, Halle, 1756, x. pp. 406
407, 408, 409, 411 (notices of various works), 413 (reply to Sperber).
P. 424. Tachenius ; note, col. i, 1. 4 from the bottom, add :
Otto Tachenius His Hippocrates Chymicus, which discovers the Ancient Foundations of the
late Viperine Salt. And His Clavis thereunto. Translated into Knglish by J. W.
Me Legal invitus nemo, non scripsimus illi,
Huic scripta est, siquem Pagina nostra juvat.
Avant ye Unwilling Ones, to those I Write,
And those alone, who in my Lines Delight.
Licensed Aug. 30, 1676. Roger L' Estrange. London, Printed for Thomas James, and are to be
Sold by Nath. Crouch in Exchange-Alley over againsl the Royal Exchange in Corn-Hill, 1677.
4°, pp. [24, including the engraved title] 122 [9, i blank].
Otto Tachenius His Clavis to the Ancient Hippocratical Physick or Medicine ; Made by Manual
Experience in the very Fountains of Nature. Whereby, through Fire and Water, in a Method
unheard of before, the Occult Mysteries of Nature and Art are Unlocked and clearly Explained by
a Compendious way of Operation.
Senec. Epist. A man can never more torment the Envious, than by applying ones self to
Vertue and Glory.
London, Printed by Thomas James, and are to be Sold by Nath. Crouch in Exchange-
Alley over against the Royal Exchange in Corn-Hill, 1677. 4°, pp. [13, i blank], 120 [13, i blank].
The imprint on the engraved title is : London Printed & are to be sold by Nath. Crouch, at
the George at the lower end of Cornhill over against ye Stocks Market. 1677. At the left-hand
corner of the engraved title are the words : Johannis Drapentier sculpsit.
The above title is the very rare printed one, which was omitted from some of the copies, and it
is of the first English edition. That given in the note is the engraved title of the second issue of
the book. I do not know if any of the copies had a printed title, but that which I have seen had
none. The name of the engraver is on the title of the second edition also.
598 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS
P. 425. Tachenius ; to the references add :
Philosophical Transactions, 1669, iv. No. 50, p. 1019 (review of ' Hippocrates Chymicus').
P. 447. Thomas Aquinas ; note, col. 2, 1. 14, ' known to Marbodaeus and others.' It should have been
pointed out that this argument is so far invalidated by the fact of the death of Marbodaeus having
taken place in 1123, or 101 years before the birth of Thomas Aquinas.
P. 454. -Thurneisser ; note, col. 2, to the list of his works, add :
Methodus brevis et dilucida, von rechter vnd warhaffter Extraction der Seelischen vnnd
Spiritualischen Krafften, aus allerley Krautern, Baumfruchten, Blumen, Samen, Mineren vnd
Edelgesteinen, etc. Nach der Erkentnis ihrer einverleibten Qualiteten vnd Complexionen wie
auch ordentliche Gradus, kiirtzlich beschrieben, . . . Wittenberg, . . . M. DC. XIX. Small 4°.
pp. [2] 70. Two folding tables. This book is not mentioned by Moehsen, but there is a copy in
the British Museum.
P. 455. — ; to the references add :
Carl Wieland, Leonhard Thurneyfser zum Thurn, Vortrag im Bernouillianum, [Bas. 1882],
8°, pp. 293-327.
P. 470. Trissmosin ; to the references add :
J. B. L. Osmont, Dictionnaire typographique, 1768, ii. p. 283 (La Toison d'Or, 1612, 8°.
' peu conmmn ').
P. 472. Tritheim ; to the references add :
Mathias Flacius Illyricus, Catalogue testium Veritatis, qui ante nostram cetatem reclamarunt
PapcB, Basilece per loannem Oporinum, 1556, p. 988. (Trithemius flourished about 1500, and
wrote against priests and monks).
Heumannus, Conspectus Reipublicae liierariae sive via ad Historiam literariam, 1763, p. 149,
and note (refers to Rich. Simonius, Bibl. crit. iv. ep. 24, or Epist. select. T. iv. epist. 20.
Fabricius, Bibl. Med. /Eui, lib. ix. pp. 451-469. His ' Epistoloe familiares,' a very rare work, is
reviewed in NOUCE Miscellanea Lipsienses, Tom. ii. pp. 109-125.)
Caspar Sagittarius, Introductio in Historiam Ecclesiasticam, Jenae, 1718, i. pp. 565, 572, 640, &c.
— ; references, col. i, 1. 23, Thevet, Histoire . . . 1670, add after 1670, Tome ii.
P. 479. Turba ; to the references add :
Scipione Severino, Glosa sopra Kaimundo Lullo, e sopra la Turba Filosofica, Venetia, 1684,
small 8°.
P. 499. Valles de Covarrubias ; note, col. 2, 1. i, add :
The second edition of the treatise ' De Urinis, pulsibus ac febribus,' was printed at Turin,
1588, small 8°, pp. [7, i blank] 222 [10].
p. 505. Vellus Aureum ; to the references add :
Andreas Ottomar Goelicke, Historia Medicinae Vniversalis, Francof. a. V., 1721, pp. 208-209.
P. 571. Zoroaster ; to the references add :
Ketmia Vere, Der Compafs der Weisen, Berlin und Leipzig, 1779, p. 35.
P. 572. Zwelfer (Johann) ; to the references add :
Lucas Schroeckius, Pharmacopoeia Augustana restitula, sive examen Animadversionum in
Dispensatorium Augusianum ejusdemque tnantissam Hermeticam Joannis Zvelferi, Palatun,
. . . M.DC.LXXIII. Augusta; Vindelicorum. 4°, pp. [12, including the engraved title; 28]
559 [13]-
Lucas Schrockius, Pharmacopoeias Augustana restitutes, ab ejus Autore, Luca bchrockio, . . .
suscepta Defensio, . . . Anno . . . M.DC.LXXV. Augusta; Vindelicorum, ... 4°, PP- L6] 8o-
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